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T. Mitchinson - A. Lust - R. Briggs
Charter of Rights (equality rights)
Supplements, transitional provisions (calculation) (Canada Pension Plan)
In Decision No. 829/10I, the Panel dealt with the substantive issues on the worker's appeal. In this decision, the Panel considered issues raised by the worker concerning the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Ontario Human Rights Code.
The Tribunal has jurisdiction to consider and apply the equality rights provisions in s. 15(1) of the Charter. This jurisdiction also applies to the Human Rights Code. It is up to the party raising the Charter and Code issues to provide detailed explanation and argument as to which provisions of the Charter or Code are at issue and how specific provisions of the workplace insurance legislation or Board policy operate in a way that would offend the Charter or the Code. There are limits on a tribunal's ability to grant a remedy. In the case of the Tribunal, remedies available on appeal are outlined in s. 123(3) of the WSIA, which are to confirm, vary or reverse a Board decision, but the Tribunal does not have authority to award damages or other remedies.
The Panel noted that the worker was unrepresented. His oral and written submissions fell short of the requirement and expectation to address the legal and jurisdictional issues stemming from the claim. Further, he was not able to specify the nature of the violation and what remedy the Tribunal should provide. None the less, the Panel felt it incumbent to determine whether a Charter of Human Rights code violation was present on the basis of both the worker's submissions and the Panel's independent assessment of the evidence and arguments.
The worker made allegations regarding a number of provisions but there was no adequate basis to consider that they violated the Charter or Code. The allegation that the Panel considered in more detail was regarding the offset of CPP disability benefits from supplementary benefits under s. 147(4) of the pre-1997 Act.
The Supreme Court of Canada set out a two-part test for determining whether there is discrimination under s. 15(1) of the Charter: 1) whether the law creates a distinction based on an enumerated or analogous ground; 2) whether the distinction creates a disadvantage by perpetuating prejudice or stereotyping. Both parts of the test must be established in order to conclude that there has been a breach of s. 15(1) of the Charter.
Injured workers who receive s. 147 supplements but do not receive CPP disability benefits, or who receive CPP disability benefits for reasons unrelated to work, can receive a full supplement, while workers who are entitled to s. 147 supplements and receive CPP disability benefits for a workplace injury have CPP benefits deducted. However, this distinction is based on whether the individual is receiving benefits for the same injury and under another scheme and does not appear to be based on the nature of the disability. Thus, the distinction is not based on an enumerated ground.
The purpose of s. 147(4) is not income replacement, per se, but to top up by a set amount the pension for injured workers who are not able to restore their pre-injury earning capacity. Section 43(7) requires the Board to have regard to any CPP disability payments a worker may receive for the injury in determining the amount the worker is likely to be able to earn in suitable and available employment. The Board has developed policies on how it will have regard to the CPP benefits in this context. The purpose underlying the Board policy to offset s. 147 benefits by the amount of CPP disability benefits is to avoid overcompensation. When this underlying purpose is considered in the context of the compensation scheme as a whole, taking into account that the Board is the last insurer, the Panel was not persuaded that the offsetting results in any substantive discrimination.
The Panel concluded that the challenge under the Charter of Rights and Human Rights code should be dismissed.
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Jaunt Teas ⁄ 2018 ⁄ August ⁄ 08 ⁄ Strange ‘rogue planet’ travels through space alone
Jaunta Swirlbush 2018-08-08
08 Aug 2018 Jaunta Swirlbush
Strange ‘rogue planet’ travels through space alone
Artist’s conception of SIMP J01365663+0933473, an object with 12.7 times the mass of Jupiter, but a magnetic field 200 times more powerful than Jupiter’s. This object is 20 light-years from Earth.
A strange 200 million-year-old object with the mass of a planet has been discovered 20 light-years from Earth, outside our solar system. The “rogue,” as it’s referred to by researchers, is producing an unexplained glowing aurora and travels through space alone, without a parent star.
The object, named SIMP J01365663+0933473, has 12.7 times the mass of the gas giant Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system. It also has a strong magnetic field that is more than 200 times stronger than Jupiter’s.
The temperature on its surface is more than 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit. Although this sounds hot, it’s quite cool compared with the sun’s surface temperature of about 9,932 degrees Fahrenheit.
So what exactly is this rogue object?
A study published this month in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series includes details from the detection.
This is the first radio-telescope detection and first measurement of the magnetic field of such an object beyond our solar system. Astronomers found it using the National Science Foundation’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio astronomy observatory in New Mexico.
The surprising find is peculiar because it could be a planet or a brown dwarf.
Brown dwarfs are often considered too massive to be planets, but they aren’t quite massive enough to sustain the process of hydrogen nuclear fusion at their core, which powers stars. The first brown dwarf was discovered in 1995, although they were first theorized in the 1960s.
“This object is right at the boundary between a planet and a brown dwarf, or ‘failed star,’ and is giving us some surprises that can potentially help us understand magnetic processes on both stars and planets,” said Melodie Kao, study author and Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow at Arizona State University, in a statement.
The difference between a gas giant and a brown dwarf has been the subject of debate among astronomers. However, they agree that a dividing line can be achieved when an object is around the size of 13 Jupiter masses.
When this object was discovered in 2016 along with four brown dwarfs, scientists believed that it was older and more massive. Last year, an independent team of scientists discovered that it was actually part of a young group of stars and less massive.
They were able to determine its mass and determine that the object could be a free-floating planet.
Kao heard those results when she was looking at the newest data from the radio astronomy observatory, which helped the researchers determine the strong magnetic field. That field is also helping produce the auroras, which gave off the radio signal they detected. The auroras are similar to those on Earth that happen when our magnetic field interacts with solar wind.
Brown dwarfs can produce strong auroras as well, but the cause behind them is unclear because they don’t have solar wind from nearby stars. One theory is that auroras happen when a planet or moon interacts with the brown dwarf’s magnetic field.
“[This presents] huge challenges to our understanding of the dynamo mechanism that produces the magnetic fields in brown dwarfs and exoplanets and helps drive the auroras we see,” said Gregg Hallinan, study co-author and assistant professor of astronomy at the California Institute of Astronomy, in a statement. “Detecting SIMP J01365663+0933473 with the VLA through its auroral radio emission also means that we may have a new way of detecting exoplanets, including the elusive rogue ones not orbiting a parent star.”
Kao added, “We think these mechanisms can work not only in brown dwarfs, but also in both gas giant and terrestrial planets.”
Read more about this from the source.
Jaunta Swirlbush says: OMG is it NIBIRU???!!! Also, if it doesn't have a parent star, then why the hell is it so damn hot???
Tags:planetsrogue planetsspace
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Matthew Good
Artist's conception of SIMP J01365663+0933473, an object with 12.7 times the mass of Jupiter, but a magnetic field 200 times more powerful than Jupiter's. This object is 20 light-years from Earth.
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Be Your Own Educator
Beyourownanswer Conversation Great Stories Inspiration Leadership February 11, 2016 | 1
Dr. Billy P. Jones
Source: www.billypauljones.com
Anika Madison interviews hometown hero, Dr. Billy P. Jones, a dedicated educator who uses his classroom as a springboard for more than just learning. We’re happy that Anika discovered his story!
My interview with Dr. Billy Jones took place in his office where he is always surrounded by treasured memories and an impressive library. When I asked when he first began his community involvement, he said that he started in high school when he was a part of the Junior ROTC at Miami Killian Senior High. He said, “We were expected to do community service the moment we entered the program.”
During his teen years, Dr. Jones began clearing debris from impoverished areas around Killian Senior High, North Miami and Homestead so they could be turned into parks. He originally gave his time to environmental work. Even though he discovered his love for nature, he quickly realized that he did not desire to continue volunteering in this capacity.
In college, he transferred his efforts to the mentorship program Big Brothers Big Sisters and was engaged in several community projects with his fraternity. As an adult, Dr. Jones went on to continue his community service by being a youth mentor especially to males under 18 as well as those in college.
Dr. Jones earned his PHD in Leadership in Education from Barry University with a specialization in Leadership Theory and Curriculum Design and Technology. He called it “a unique hybrid degree.” He earned his Master’s in English Education and his Bachelor’s in English with a secondary major in Broadcast Journalism at Florida International University.
Dr. Jones starting teaching 21 years ago, at age the age of twenty-one. He taught at Ransom Everglades Upper Elementary School located in Coral Gables for one year. While there, he worked with a corporation called AmeriCorps. This organization provides service learning which enriches the learning experience by integrating education with community service. Dr. Jones had double duty as a teacher and working in the evenings and weekends, bringing inner city children into the school for this educational experience.
He continued his career in education at Sunset Senior High for seven years. He taught Language Arts, Journalism and Leadership to students in grades nine through twelve. After leaving Sunset, he would make a transition into higher education.
At Miami Dade College he worked at an administrative level before leaving to work at Broward College in January of 2015. He needed a change and felt that getting back to teaching was the right change for him. He feels that the magic happens in the classroom. He went on to say “You can effectuate change at the administrative level but the best change you can effectuate is in the classroom.”
When asked what he likes most about teaching he said there were two things:
Helping them see the value in having good written, oral and non-verbal communication skills. He loves to see them have that Aha! moment, when they say “I got it!”
Teaching the whole student. He sees students after office hours to talk about majors, personal issues and life in general. It means a lot to him that they feel they can go to him to talk about these issues and speak from a place of truth. If all they need is someone to listen to them, then he is glad he can be that trusted ear.
When asked what he finds most challenging as a teacher, he says handling a large number of students. This can be most challenging when he grades their work. At the time of the interview, he was grading diagnostic essays. His goal is to always make sure he is grading them correctly. When grading these essays, he provides information on what makes them work as well as a list of improvements. This takes some time which is challenging when you have a lot essays to grade.
There are also a myriad of challenges that the students face like socio-economic challenges, being homeless, addictions and some are recovering from various circumstances. Dr. Jones knows about the different resources to help them, but there is always something new that unfolds each week that causes a need to find different action for that situation.
When I asked Dr. Jones what he does to assist his students who are homeless, he said that in his tenure as an administrator while working at the Downtown Miami Dade Campus, he had a number of students that were homeless. Some lived in halfway houses with constant deadlines to relocate, while others jumped from house to house without a permanent place to call home.
He feels that the main thing these students need to do is self-identify. He found that when having conversations with the students, the fact that they are homeless comes up during the conversation. Now that Dr. Jones is back in the classroom full time, students come and confide in him quite often. For example, he had a conversation with a student whose choices placed her in her current circumstances. Now she wants a second chance at life. She told Dr. Jones that school was her only safe place. He gave her information from the student union for services for those in need.
Dr. Jones attracts a team of like-minded people, like his Associate Dean, Dr. Johnson. Dr. Johnson developed a food bank with perishables, non-perishables and basic snacks for the students that come to the school hungry. The students not only need a safe place to go, but they also have other basic needs that need to be met. This food bank helps fulfil those needs.
As an educator, Dr. Jones likes to switch it up and not just use the traditional style of teaching. He enjoys technology and uses it in his classroom. He not only uses PowerPoint, the basic constructs of multi-media and Youtube clips, but he also uses virtual reality. Last summer he started dabbling with “Second Life”, an online tool that allows you to create an Avatar and a scene in which students can engage. Dr. Jones uses this tool when providing hooks and introducing a new period of literature. He uses Second Life as a way to provide a brief understanding of the historical context of the places and things that are currently being discussed in his classes. He creates an Avatar that looks just like himself. While the students are in the class, they can view the Avatar’s interactions and journey into that period that is being projected on screen from his computer. For example: he created Queen Elizabeth’s Golden Era and her 40-plus-year reign, then Shakespeare’s home to show his class its significance to Shakespeare’s work.
Dr. Jones also believes in dialogue. There is always a lecture vs. discussion, but he also likes to use the flip classroom concept. This concept is an instructional strategy that reverses the traditional education model of the teacher standing in front of the class to the students engaging in discussions with each other on things they learned in class or while doing their homework. Then the teacher can provide immediate feedback and guidance during these engagements. This gives the students the chance to lead a discussion and see how much they have learned about the topic.
Dr. Jones uses a variety of teaching styles like discovery learning, active learning, he brings in guest speakers and even takes his class outside for an open lecture to expose them to learning beyond the traditional four wall room.
Dr. Jones is also a published author. He wrote “Everyday Folks: Short Stories on the Common People” because he loves people. He feels that everyone has a story to be told and he wanted to tell the stories of people that live in Miami Florida. He published this book in 2004 to give a glimpse into the lives of folks from the high-end glitzy people on South Beach, to Overtown, to Richmond Heights and Kendall. He wanted to capture the lives of people regardless of their backgrounds, their race or where they work. He wanted to give everyday folks in Miami a voice. Dr. Jones had a lot of fun writing the book and it has garnered a lot of attention. He has been to Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Houston Texas and Australia. His had his biggest audience and his work drew the biggest response when he was in Toronto, Canada.
Dr. Jones values people and has learned a lot about them through writing his book. He feels that he is a “human resource and when he surrenders that to others, it allows them to contribute back in their own ways.” He is currently in the process of working on volume two and hopes to release it by the end of this year. You can find the first book online at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Books.Google.com, Books-A-Million and IUniverse or any bookstore.
Dr. Jones also wanted to give a forum to everyday folks on his BlogTalk Radio show “Everyday Folks Radio”. The show “celebrates America’s ordinary yet extraordinary people” every week and is hosted by Dr. Billy P. Jones every Sunday at 3pm EST. Expect an informative hour that will also entertain and inspire. If you want to have your own broadcasting time, contact Dr. Jones and he can help you get that set up. He also offers assistance to business owners or anyone that wants support with a cause they feel will benefit the community.
Dr. Jones is looking for entrepreneurs that are up and coming and trying to find work as well as those who have been around for five years or less. He is currently working with O Cinema and Black Tongue Clothing. He expressed that he is excited to meet Nerissa Street whom he believes is doing great work. He wants her to know that he is grateful for the opportunity for this interview and looks forward to supporting her efforts as well.
You can visit Dr. Jones’ website at www.billypauljones.com, where you will find a link for the radio show, information on his book and a way to contact him directly.
I ended the interview by asking Dr. Jones why he decided to be the answer to his cause. He told me that he wanted to “support the human existence and the human expression.” He asks that people become “independent thinkers and creators.” He encourages people to use whatever skills and talents they have to make a difference and make contributions to the world.
He believes that Hellen Keller said it best, “The greatest things in life cannot be seen or touched, but are felt in the heart.” That is where Dr. Jones always likes to be. He feels that if he passes away tomorrow, he can always say that he made a difference in the lives of others. He wants to be that hope and feels that if others can be that hope for their fellowman, we would not have all of this negativity. He feels that, “It is that it is that simple and yet that difficult.”
I thoroughly enjoyed this interview and what I loved the most is his passion for people and the way he uses his life to help others. From his book on “Everyday Folks” to his work in the community and the special care he takes with his students, Dr. Jones is one of those rare people that get it. It is not what you accomplished that makes you great, it is the difference that you made with your gifts that people will remember the most. I am sure that Dr. Jones will be one of those great people that will always be remembered fondly for many years.
author Billy P. Jones career education FIU history leadership service
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Armando Rodriguez says:
IM not sure if this will reach Dr. Billy Jones, but if it does im one of your old students and would like to get a hold of your book “Common Folks”. if you can please return my email. if this is not dr. jones please disregard.
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March 5, 2015 in News
A successful season for the GEOMAG project
With Earth’s magnetic poles in the Polar Regions, Antarctica is an interesting place to study the planet’s magnetic field. Stephan Bracke from the Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute’s Geophysical Center of Dourbes is involved in a project called GEOMAG, which has established a new geomagnetic observatory at the Princess Elisabeth station in Antarctica. Back from Antarctica, Stephan discusses the success of the season.
This is the second of three seasons during which a new geomagnetic observatory for the GEOMAG project is being set up. Last year, your colleague Jean Rasson travelled to the Princess Elisabeth station to conduct surveys to determine an ideal location near the station to build the observatory. What were your objectives this season?
The goals this season were to build a dome-shaped non-magnetic shelter to house the instruments, and to install in the shelter two instruments that can measure Earth’s magnetic field.
The station team built the shelter several weeks before I even arrived in Antarctica. The shelter was finished by the end of December, and when I got to the station at the beginning of February, the team was just finishing up the installation of a fiber-optic cable linking the shelter to the Princess Elisabeth station.
Which instruments did you install this season in the shelter?
One instrument we installed this season is called a variometer. It measures the variation in Earth’s magnetic field in three directions: north-south, east-west, and up-down, and it takes this measurement once every second. The second instrument I installed is a proton-magnometer. It measures the strength in Tesla (the SI unit for magnetic flux density) of Earth’s magnetic field every second. So with both instruments, one can see how the magnetic field moves in three dimensions and how its strength changes over time.
Data from these instruments is transferred in real time (with a total delay of half a second) to the Geophysical Center of Dourbes in Belgium. Originally, I had only planned to have data transmitted twice a day. But in the end, I managed to set it up so data is collected and transmitted every second. The fiber-optic cable transmits data from the instruments to the station, and from there the data is transmitted via satellite to Belgium. You can log in remotely and observe the data coming in!
How much does Earth’s magnetic field vary in Antarctica?
Earth’s magnetic field usually varies about 10 or 20 nT (Nano Tesla, or 10 to 20 billionths of a Tesla). But when I was in Antarctica, I noticed that the magnetic field varied by 300 nT.
In Antarctica, it’s normal to see larger variation in the magnetic field, as the South Magnetic Pole is located there. Solar activity has greater influence on Earth’s magnetic field at the poles.
Are you happy with how the setup of the shelter and instruments went?
Everything went really well this season. The installation of the instruments went very smoothly, and the instruments are working just fine. The station team was very helpful in building the shelter ahead of time and helping me set up the instruments.
What kind of work is planned for next season?
If all goes well, next season we plan to install an instrument that was developed at the Geophysical Center of Dourbes called Autodif (automatic declination, inclination flux). This instrument will measure the angles of the magnetic field.
A magnetic field is a vector, meaning at each moment in time it has a strength it has strength and a direction. The strength is measured with the proton magnetometer and the direction is measured by two angles : the declination and the inclination. The declination of Earth’s magnetic field is the angle between the magnetic field and the Geographic North Pole. The inclination is the angle of the magnetic field relative to a horizontal plane tangent to where you are on Earth’s surface (straight down near the North Magnetic Pole, and relatively horizontal in the Tropics, for example).
There’s a photo of you from this season using a theodolite to measure the angle of the magnetic field angle. How is Autodif different?
You can use a theodolite to measure the inclination and declination of Earth’s magnetic field. But this is a manual process that takes about three quarters of an hour to do.
However the Autodif instrument will take exactly the same kind of measurements, but without any need for a human to be present to take them. This means measurements of Earth’s magnetic field declination and inclination can be taken during the eight months of the year that the Princess Elisabeth station is unmanned. Also, it can take the measurements in five minutes - much faster than a human can take the same measurements using a theodolite, and it can take these measurements at regular intervals (Autodif can do it every half hour but in a normal setup we take a measurement once a day).
Autodif sounds like a very useful device. How many of them are currently in use?
Autodif is a unique device developed in Belgium at the Geophysical Center of Dourbes. There are currently two installed in Dourbes as well as one in Austria at the Conrad Observatory. During the 2015-16 research season, the fourth Autodif in the world will be installed at the Princess Elisabeth Antarctica research station.
Are a lot of the measurements taken of of Earth’s magnetic field around the world still done mostly by hand?
For the inclination and declination of the magnetic field, it’s still done manually. Geomagnetic observatories around the world usually take these kinds of measurements once a week. So if the Autodif instrument can take these measurements at regular intervals, this is a huge improvement.
Are there plans for more Autodif instruments to be installed elsewhere on the planet?
The aim over the next few years is to place more Autodif instruments in other parts of the world. Geomagnetic experts in Japan, Spain, Australia and Italy have already expressed interest in having one.
Was this your first trip to Antarctica?
Yes, it was the first time I went. I really enjoyed it.
Before coming, I was worried about how things would work, and whether it would be too cold. But after a few days in Antarctica, I noticed that while it’s cold, if there’s sun and no wind, then it’s not so bad. It’s a nice environment. I enjoyed working there.
The last days I was there it was very windy, and we couldn’t go outside much. But we had all the luxuries we needed at the station.
Will you go back next season?
Probably not. I have a colleague who is specialised in the Autodif instrument who will probably go to set it up. But it will be exciting to finally have an Autodif taking measurements of the magnetic field in Antarctica!
Author: Joseph Cheek
Picture: Stephen Bracke gets a hand from engineer Johnny Gaelens as he takes measurements of Earth's magnetic field in the shelter the station team set up this season for the GEOMAG project. - © International Polar Foundation / Alain Hubert
February 19, 2015 - Picture gallery
GEOMAG observatory gets instruments and Toyota Hiluxes see more action
December 29, 2014 - Picture gallery
Building a new geomagnetic observatory
November 3, 2014 - Scientific Project
All related items
Use the links hereunder to browse related items sorted by type.
Related picture galleries
Related science projects
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Blu-ray Review: TARANTULA! (1955)
TARANTULA! was directed by Jack Arnold from a screenplay he co-wrote with Robert M. Fresco and Martin Berkeley and stars John Agar, Mara Corday, Leo G. Carroll, Nestor Paiva and Ross Elliott and features a cameo by Clint Eastwood as a jet squadron leader.
Biochemist Gerald Deemer (Leo G. Carroll) has a plan to feed the world by using a special growth formula on plants and animals. Instead he creates terror beyond imagining when his work spawns a spider of mammoth proportions!Feeding on cattle and humans, this towering tarantula has the people of Desert Rock, Arizona running for their lives. Can this horrifying creature be stopped, or will the world succumb to this oversized arachnid?
This 1955 eight-legged creature feature takes place in Desert Rock, Arizona and follows Gerald Deemer (Leo G. Carroll), a brilliant biochemist who’s been working on a new kind food source and he’s been using small animals and insects as his guinea pigs. No pun intended. Radiation is also a part of his work and we all know something like this never ends well because there’s always side effects. A disaster strikes that leaves the good doctor’s experiments all destroyed, except for the one tarantula that’s able to make its escape from what’s left of the laboratory. This is where Dr. Matt Hastings (John Agar) and Stephanie ‘Steve’ Clayton (Mara Corday) enter the picture. Matt is kind of famliar with the professor and Stephanie has just arrived to be Deemer’s new assistant but neither one knows what has happened.
What happens is, Matt and Stephanie hit it off immediately after they meet and when they arrive at Deemer’s home/lab, they not only discover the aftermath of the disaster but that it has also left Deemer mutated. Deemer is literally melting away right in front of them. Don’t worry, this is explained in the movie but I don’t want to ruin it for you. He’s a good guy but his experiments come back to haunt him. Anyway, it doesn’t take long for Matt and Stephanie to find the tarantula that has now grown into a 100-foot meateating monster so they find themselves on the defensive. The two are on the run from the beast and they end up running into the local law enforcement and military that have a powerful plan to stop the giant spider in its tracks.
The front of the packaging features the artwork you see at the top of the page and the back includes movie details, some images and list of special features. The reverse sleeve features some classic promo art. The Blu-ray disc also features some artwork that matches the front cover. Inserting the disc, the menu screen was simple and easy to navigate. Tarantula! has been given a new 2K scan of the original film elements. The picture and sound quality for this high-definition release were crisp and clear. I didn’t have any issues with the video and audio.
Bottom line is, Tarantula! is one of those fun horror classics that blends post-war nuclear fallout paranoia with the whole mad scientist sub-genre with the end result being an escaped giant creature that is on the loose. Sure, the movie has some cheese to it but it’s a pretty darn cool sci-fi horror movie for its time. These old Universal International movies slowly moved away from the famous monsters and introduced the creature features that included giant animals, massive insects and everything in between. The story for this one is interesting even though I questioned the way the good professor was doing his experiments, but I’m just here to watch the movie, not to ask questions. I thought the cast did a great job with their characters but I kept waiting on the romance to fully kick in between John Agar and Mara Corday who were really fun to follow. Even though Tarantula! stalls a bit in the middle I thought Jack Arnold did a good job with it and there’s some pretty neat old school practical effects and camera tricks to go along with it. Tarantula! will make its Blu-ray debut in the U.S. on April 30th.
Distributor: Scream Factory
Blu-ray Video: 1080p High-Definition Widescreen (1.85:1)
Blu-ray Audio: English DTS-HD Master Audio 2.0 Mono
Special Features: The extras include some audio commentary, theatrical trailer, still gallery and poster and lobby card gallery.
NEW audio commentary with film historians Tom Weaver, Dr. Robert J. Kiss and David Schecter
Theatrical Trailer (01:52)
Still Gallery (04:15)
Poster and Lobby Card Gallery (04:55)
Tags: clint eastwood, Jack Arnold, John Agar, leo g carroll, Mara Corday, scream factory, tarantula
Posted in Blu-ray, Horror, Movies, Review, Sci-Fi
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Movie Review: THE BIG LEBOWSKI 20th Anniversary Edition (4K Ultra HD Combo Pack)
THE BIG LEBOWSKI was written and directed by Ethan Coen and Joel Coen and stars Jeff Bridges, John Goodman, Julianne Moore, Steve Buscemi, Philip Seymour Hoffman, David Huddleston andTara Reid, with John Turturro and Sam Elliott.
Jeff `The Dude’ Leboswki (Jeff Bridges) is mistaken for Jeffrey Lebowski (David Huddleston), who is The Big Lebowski. Which explains why he’s roughed up and has his precious rug peed on. In search of recompense, The Dude tracks down his namesake, who offers him a job. His wife has been kidnapped and he needs a reliable bagman. Aided and hindered by his pals Walter Sobchak (John Goodman), a Vietnam vet, and Donny, master of stupidity.
This 1998 twisted crime-comedy follows Jeff “The Dude” Lebowski who gets mistaken for Jeffrey Lebowski aka The Big Lebowski. All “The Dude” wants to do is smoke pot, take life easy and go bowling with his friends Walter and Teddy but when some thugs ruin his rug he’s forced into a messed up situation where he becomes a bagman for the other Lebowski who claims he has to pay a ransom. “The Dude” takes on the mission and it doesn’t take long for the laid back stoner to come across a number of other eccentric and charismatic characters that either want the money that actually doesn’t even exist or some pay back against the wrong guy because of this silly case of mistaken identity. It takes “The Dude” a while but he finally puts the pieces of this outlandish puzzle together and ultimately calls everybody out for who and what they really are.
There’s something special about The Big Lebowski even though it really wasn’t a box office hit when it first released twenty years ago. It’s one of those special kind of movies that slowly built its audience into a loyal army of fans, it ended up getting its own convention and even an action figure of “The Dude”. The movie kind of glorifies the slacker lifestyle but it does it in a comedic way and Jeff Bridges shines as this cool cat character who accidentally gets thrown in the middle of this chaotic situation. The Coens come up with some great stories and always deliver an entertaining watch but this cult classic is easily my favorite from the brothers. I’d also like to give a little extras props because as great as the main cast is there’s also a lot of familiar faces in supporting roles that include Peter Stormare, David Thewlis, Jon Polito, Flea, Torsten Voges and Aimee Mann.
The packaging comes with a slipcover/o-card. These Ultra HD movies all come in black keep cases which helps them easily standout from the popular blue cases that have been around since day one. The front features the artwork you see at the top of the page and the back includes movie details, an image and list of special features. Each disc features its own individual artwork and movie logo. Inserting the disc, the menu screen was simple and easy to navigate. The picture and sound quality for this new release were crisp and clear. I didn’t have any issues with the video and audio quality. Fans will be able to experience this movie like never before with the 4K Ultra HD Combo Pack (plus Blu-ray and Digital HD) release. This features four times the resolution of Full HD and High Dynamic Range (HDR) that delivers the brightest, most vivid and realistic color and greatest contrast.
Bottom lins is, I had a blast revisiting The Big Lebowski and it’s amazing how massive of a cult status this movie has built over the past twenty years. The silly story isn’t just about this ruined rug but it’s also about the friendship between this quirky trio of friends and what they’d do for each other even if they screw it up in the process. This is easily my favorite movie by the Coen brothers and it’s also one of my favorites with Jeff Bridges who brings this laid back, likable stoner to life with perfection. John Goodman does the same thing with his over-the-top best friend who means well but screws so many things up by trying to help. Steve Buscemi’s character doesn’t say much but his character is likable just the same. The movie has an incredible cast and features some memorable performances by so many of the actors. Just think, this is a unique movie about a rug that gets pissed on, some money that doesn’t exist, a severed toe, White Russians and bowling and it delivers the laughs. The Big Lebowski 20th Anniversay Edition is now available on a 4K Ultra HD Combo Pack (plus Blu-ray and Digital HD).
Distributor: Universal Pictures Home Entertainment
4K Ultra HD Video: 2160P Ultra High-Definition 16×9 Widescreen (1.85:1)
4K Ultra HD Audio: English DTS:X Master Audio / French, Spanish, Brazillian, Portuguese and Japanese Digital Surround 5.1
4K Subtitles: English SDH, French, Spanish and Portuguese
Blu-ray Audio: English DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 / French DTS Digital Surround 5.1
Blu-ray Subtitles: English SDH, French and Spanish
Special Features: Good Stuff! There’s hours of bonus features (imported from previous home video releases) including retrospective documentaries, an interactive map, an in-depth look at the phenomenon known as the Lebowski Fest taking audiences deeper than ever before into the upside down world of “The Dude.”
Worthy Adversaries: What’s My Line Trivia: Let’s viewers play a game of trivia while the movie is playing.
An Exclusive Introduction (04:40)
The Dude’s Life: Jeff Bridges, John Goodman, Julianne Moore, Steve Buscemi and John Turturro take a look back at their performances and how their delivery of the Coen brothers’ dialog became classic movie lines. (10:08)
The Dude Abides: The Big Lebowski Ten Years Later: A conversation with the cast about the film’s decade-long reign as a cult classic. (10:27)
Making of The Big Lebowski (24:35)
The Lebowski Fest: An Achiever’s Story: An in-depth look at the annual Lebowski Fest, a celebration of The Dude and his world, attended by thousands each year. (13:53)
Flying Carpets and Bowling Pin Dreams: The Dream Sequences of The Dude: Alook at some of the Dude’s trippiest fantasies so fans can learn for the first time how these innovative scenes were created. (04:20)
Interactive Map: Take a tour of the locations of The Big Lebowski, then and now.
Jeff Bridges Photo Book: For more than 30 years, Jeff Bridges has been snapping pictures on movie sets. The accomplished photographer presents a portfolio of shots taken on the set of The Big Lebowski. (17:30)
Photo Gallery (03:25)
Digital HD Copy
Tags: Ethan Coen, jeff bridges, Joel Coen, john goodman, the big lebowski, universal home entertainment
Posted in 4K Ultra HD, Blu-ray, Comedy, Digital, Movies, Review
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Pittsburgh-based US attorney and Obama nominee resigning
PITTSBURGH (AP) — U.S. Attorney David Hickton, a Democrat and President Barack Obama nominee, is resigning as federal prosecutor for western Pennsylvania.
His resignation, announced Monday, takes effect Nov. 28.
A turnover among U.S. attorneys is customary when a person of another political party becomes president. Republican Donald Trump was elected last week and will name a new attorney general to head the Justice Department next year.
“The opportunity to serve as a United States attorney in this administration has been the professional privilege of a lifetime and the highlight of my career,” Hickton said in a written statement. He would not comment beyond that.
Hickton, 61, took office in 2009. The office covers Pennsylvania’s 25 westernmost counties. Two other U.S. attorneys are assigned to the state — one at Harrisburg, the other at Philadelphia.
Under Hickton, the office took a more aggressive stance against international cybercriminals, including the prosecution of European hackers who infected business and personal computers worldwide with malware, and a case targeting Darkode, an English language cybercriminal marketplace where hackers traded and sold secrets. It was dismantled by the FBI last year.
Most recently, Hickton headed a working group aimed at combatting the heroin and opioid crisis in Pennsylvania and other states.
U.S. Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch said in a statement that Hickton’s office “has been at the forefront of some of the Justice Department’s most consequential achievements of the last few years.”
“There is no doubt that the United States is a stronger and safer place because of David’s many contributions,” she said.
U.S. attorneys don’t have to quit when the opposing party wins the presidency, but they usually do.
“There’s a common turnover that happens at this time,” said Bruce Antkowiak, a St. Vincent College law professor and former assistant U.S. attorney in Pittsburgh. “When the new party comes into power, it’s sort of a common courtesy or acknowledgement of the (political) situation that the U.S. attorneys all get their resumes together.”
Hickton had been active in Democratic politics and helped found the Pittsburgh firm of Burns, White & Hickton in 1987 before he was nominated by Obama and confirmed by the Senate.
Antkowiak said Trump’s administration will probably rely on local or regional political power brokers — up to and including U.S. Sens. Bob Casey and Pat Toomey — to determine who he names to replace Hickton.
Hickton replaced Mary Beth Buchanan, a George W. Bush nominee. In 2001, the 38-year-old Buchanan became the first female and youngest ever U.S. attorney in Pennsylvania.
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Could Obama had Outturned Trump in...
Could Obama had Outturned Trump in US-Election 2016
U.S. President Barack Obama said in an interview broadcast on Monday that he would have won most Americans’ support if he had been able to run against Donald Trump for a third term.
“No way!” Trump countered in a tweet, citing as liabilities U.S. companies taking jobs overseas, the fight against Islamic State militants and Obama’s signature healthcare law.
Barred by the U.S. Constitution from seeking a third four-year-term, the president told his former adviser David Axelrod in a podcast that Americans would have backed Obama’s vision.
“I’m confident that if I had run again and articulated it, I think I could’ve mobilized a majority of the American people to rally behind it,” Obama said, referring to his 2008 campaign message of hope and change.
A wealthy businessman, the Republican Trump will assume his first public office when he succeeds Obama on Jan. 20. He defeated Democrat Hillary Clinton on Nov. 8 with a promise to clean up Washington.
In a tweet, Clinton spokesman Brian Fallon said Obama would have beaten Trump and Clinton would have won if not for an FBI statement shortly before the election disclosing new material on Clinton’s email practices as secretary of state.
Clinton’s aides have said FBI Director James Comey’s announcement, which led to no charges, swung the election, a charge Trump’s team has dismissed.
Obama said Clinton “performed wonderfully under really tough circumstances.” He said she focused on Trump’s flaws and could have argued more that the Democratic Party agenda helped working people.
Trump garnered more than 270 of the 538 state-by-state electoral votes to win the presidency. Clinton won 48.2 percent of the popular vote compared with 46.1 percent for Trump, according to the Associated Press.
FBI Director
Obama and Trump
US-Election 2016
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Anaesthetic Dream
The story of Australia's first legal transgender
Estelle Asmodelle
Anaesthetic Dream by Estelle Asmodelle
The story of Australia’s first legal transgender and is an autobiography by Estelle Asmodelle. Its a story about changing sex. A personal story about the life and struggle of Estelle. It is an interesting exploration of the social issues transgender people experience.
On the 13th October 1987, Estelle became the first legal transgender in Australia. She was the first post-op transsexual, or transgender person, to be issued with a birth certificate in the gender of the new sex. Shortly afterwards, she received a passport in the female gender.
A few years later Estelle attempted marriage, as a female. However, this action was blocked by the Australian government.
Many people may remember the numerous TV, newspapers and magazine articles in the late 80s and early 90s about Estelle. The publicity focused around her becoming Australia’s Transsexual Pin-up Girl.
But it was a struggle, and every aspect of that journey is documented in this sensitive and personal story. Many of the incidents mentioned in the book are intimate and revealing, but it is a tasteful account of a unique life. This book is Seeking a publisher.
Seeking a Publisher
Estelle is seeking a publisher. Basically, this is not a book that should be self-published, it really needs a worldwide distribution with a publisher who is prepared to give the book its due. If you are a publisher and you are interested in reading the book for consideration – please get in touch via the contact page.
Various publishers have already read the work and consider it to be worthy of publishing and many consider the book to be an excellent one that is well written and emotionally engaging. However, these publishers want to reduce the size of the work which stands 700 pages. Estelle wants to keep the current length and so she is seeking a publisher who shares her vision. The book is the result of years of writing and rewriting, the style and composition of the book is unique and inspiring.
Estelle’s Newsletter
Modelling Photos
Pleasure Girl
Asmodelle.com.au
AbstractArtist.info
RelativeCosmos.com
Estelle Asmodelle 2019. Fashion Diva | Developed By Blossom Themes. Powered by WordPress.
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Don and Vlad
Printed From: Avian Flu Talk
Forum Name: Politics - Political Discussion
Forum Description: Political Discussion Forum; All about politics
URL: http://www.avianflutalk.com/forum_posts.asp?TID=36487
Printed Date: July 16 2019 at 3:21pm
Topic: Don and Vlad
Posted By: carbon20
Subject: Don and Vlad
Date Posted: July 08 2017 at 5:52pm
"hey Vlad,did you hack us", "no of course not Don","oh good let's move on".....LMAO
Posted By: CRS, DrPH
carbon20 wrote:
CRS, DrPH
Trump minimizes hacking allegations and seeks to ‘move forward’ with Russia
By https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/philip-rucker/" rel="nofollow - Philip Rucker July 9 at 3:51 PM mailto:ruckerp@washpost.com?subject=Reader%20feedback%20for%20Trump%20minimizes%20hacking%20allegations%20and%20seeks%20to%20%E2%80%98move%20forward%E2%80%99%20with%20Russia" rel="nofollow -
President Trump on Sunday sought to move past allegations of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. election, effectively dismissing the importance of the intelligence community’s definitive conclusion about a foreign adversary in pursuit of a collaborative partnership with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Issuing his first public comments since sitting down with Putin in Germany, Trump vowed to “move forward in working constructively with Russia” and said the two leaders were forming a cybersecurity unit to protect against the kinds of illegal intrusions that U.S. intelligence agencies say Putin ordered in the United States.
After Putin denied any such election interference in his meeting with Trump, the U.S. president tried to turn the page altogether on the issue of Russian hacking. As special counsel Robert S. Mueller III investigates Russian interference and possible collusion with Trump campaign officials, Trump has repeatedly labeled the issue a hoax and has portrayed it as a dark cloud unfairly hanging over his first six months as president.
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Trump’s pledge to partner with Putin drew swift and stern denunciations from both Democratic and Republican officials, who cast the U.S. president as dangerously naive for trusting his Russian counterpart and said Russia must be forced to pay a price for its election interference.
Trump said he “strongly pressed” Putin twice about Russian meddling and that Putin “vehemently denied it.” Trump did not say whether he accepted Putin’s denial, saying only, “I’ve already given my opinion.”
Play Video 2:19
Does Trump believe Russia meddled in the election? Washington weighs in
Washington weighs in on President Trump's visit to theGroup of 20 summit in Hamburg, and whether he believes that Russia meddled in the 2016 presidential election. (Victoria Walker/The Washington Post)
[ https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/heres-whats-at-stake-whentrump-finally-meets-putin/2017/07/07/a5c577d2-627c-11e7-80a2-8c226031ac3f_story.html?utm_term=.506405ceff18" rel="nofollow - Putin denies election hacking after Trump pressed him, Tillerson says ]
Trump delivered his account of the meeting with Putin, held Friday on the sidelines of the Group of 20 summit in Hamburg, via several defiant tweets fired off Sunday morning from the White House, just before visiting his Northern Virginia golf course — as opposed to in a news conference such as the one Putin held with journalists Saturday.
Putin and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said Trump believed Putin’s assurances that Russia did not interfere in the election. “It seemed to me that he took it into account and agreed,” Putin https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russian-official-defends-his-account-of-trump-putin-talks-saying-us-accepted-assurances-on-election-meddling/2017/07/08/9adf129a-634b-11e7-80a2-8c226031ac3f_story.html?utm_term=.98d05506d529" rel="nofollow - told reporters Saturday, although he added: “You should ask him.”
Initially, U.S. officials traveling with Trump would not dispute Putin’s and Lavrov’s accounts when asked by reporters. On Sunday, however, White House chief of staff Reince Priebus, who remained in Washington during the trip, rejected the Russian characterization.
“It’s not true,” Priebus said on “Fox News Sunday.” “The president absolutely did not believe the denial of President Putin.”
U.S. intelligence agencies have concluded definitively that Russian authorities tried to influence the election in Trump’s favor with illegal hacking and propaganda and other activities.
Trump’s public comments on the issue have been far less definitive, varying widely from tepid acknowledgment to outright doubt about Russia’s role. Under questioning from Fox host Chris Wallace, Priebus also showed varying degrees of certainty about whether Trump believes Russia meddled in the election.
mailto:?subject=See%20President%20Trump%20in%20Europe%20for%20the%20G-20%20economic%20summit%20from%20The%20Washington%20Post&body=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/see-president-trump-as-he-travels-abroad-for-the-g-20-economic-summit/2017/07/06/4a9c8922-619b-11e7-a4f7-af34fc1d9d39_gallery.html%3Ftid=ss_mail" rel="nofollow -
See President Trump in Europe for the G-20 economic summit
The president made his way to Germany for the meeting of world leaders after a stop in Poland.
“He said they probably meddled in the election. They did meddle in the election,” Priebus said, seeming to grow more definitive. But then Priebus seemed to back off: “Yes, he believes that Russia probably committed all of these acts that we’ve been told of. But he also believes that other countries also participated in this activity.”
Trump on Sunday revealed his continued fixation with some aspects of the Russia issue. He falsely accused President Obama of doing “NOTHING” after learning of the Russian hacking before the election. In fact, on Oct. 7, about a month before the election, the Obama administration https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/10/07/joint-statement-department-homeland-security-and-office-director-national" rel="nofollow - formally and publicly blamed Russia for the hacking. Some Obama administration officials have since said they regret not responding more forcefully.
[ https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/world/national-security/obama-putin-election-hacking/?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.2bea59bbedb8" rel="nofollow - Obama’s secret struggle to punish Russia for Putin’s election assault ]
Trump also chided the news media and, in the context of his meeting with Putin, claimed vaguely that “questions were asked” about the level of cooperation between intelligence agencies and the Democratic National Committee, whose email server was among those allegedly compromised by the Russians.
John Brennan, who served as CIA director under Obama and ran the agency’s response to Russia’s election interference, chastised Trump on Sunday for repeatedly casting doubt on the conclusions of the intelligence community, including at a news conference last week in Poland.
“I seriously question whether or not Mr. Putin heard from Mr. Trump what he needed to about the assault on our democratic institutions,” Brennan said on NBC’s “Meet the Press.”
Brennan added of Trump, “He said it’s an ‘honor’ to meet President Putin. An honor to meet the individual who carried out the assault against our election? To me, it was a dishonorable thing to say.”
Sens. John McCain (Ariz.), Lindsey O. Graham (S.C.) and Marco Rubio (Fla.) — three leading Republican hawks on Russia — said Sunday that Trump’s eagerness to partner with Putin was dangerous for the United States.
“When it comes to Russia, he’s got a blind spot,” Graham said on “Meet the Press.” “To forgive and forget when it comes to Putin regarding cyberattacks is to empower Putin, and that’s exactly what he’s doing.”
Rubio tweeted that Putin “will never be a trusted ally or a reliable constructive partner,” and that working with him to address cybersecurity threats was akin to partnering with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to protect against chemical weapons.
McCain, meanwhile, lamented that Russia has faced “no penalty whatsoever” from the Trump administration for its hacking.
“We know that Russia tried to change the outcome of our election last November, and they did not succeed, but there was really sophisticated attempts to do so,” McCain said on CBS’s “Face the Nation.” “So far, they have not paid a single price for that.”
Invoking the language of Trump’s tweet, McCain added, “Yes, it’s time to move forward, but there has to be a price to pay.”
McCain championed a bill, passed overwhelmingly in the Senate last month, to slap additional sanctions on Russia. The Trump administration has said it opposes the measure because it preempts the president’s powers to apply sanctions.
During a visit to Ukraine, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson said Sunday that existing sanctions would remain in place until Moscow reverses its intervention in Ukraine and respects the border between the two countries.
Trump tweeted Sunday, “Nothing will be done until the Ukrainian & Syrian problems are solved,” adding a reference to Russia’s role in Syria’s civil war.
Trump also said the issue of sanctions was not discussed in his meeting Friday with Putin, contradicting what Tillerson, who was in attendance, told reporters soon after the meeting. Tillerson said that Trump “took note” of congressional efforts to push for additional sanctions against Russia but that he and Putin focused their discussion on “how do we move forward from here.”
[ https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the-guy-is-a-hawk-new-envoy-accompanies-tillerson-to-ukraine-in-us-push-to-revive-talks-to-end-war/2017/07/09/a5535e24-634c-11e7-80a2-8c226031ac3f_story.html?utm_term=.314c238537d1" rel="nofollow - Tillerson vows relations with Russia will be frosty until it leaves Ukraine alone ]
McCain said Tillerson was a weak advocate for American values abroad. Asked by CBS’s John Dickerson whether he regrets his Senate vote to confirm Tillerson as secretary of state, McCain said, “Sometimes I do.”
Trump said Sunday he was eager to work with Putin on what he described as an “impenetrable Cyber Security unit” the two men discussed forming “so that election hacking, & many other negative things, will be guarded.”
Tillerson explained the unit as a “framework under which we might begin to have agreement on how to deal with these very complex issues of cyberthreats, cybersecurity, cyberintrusions.”
Nikki Haley, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, defended her boss’s cooperation with Putin, saying “we won’t ever trust Russia” but that working with Russia on cybersecurity will “keep them in check.”
“From a cyber standpoint, we need to get together with Russia. We need to tell them what we think should happen, shouldn’t happen, and if we talk to them about it, hopefully, we can cut this out and get them to stop,” Haley said Sunday on CNN’s “State of the Union.”
https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=display_hp_subsbnr&oscode=RPWH&wpsrc=CM0000449&tid=s_028&destination=http://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/politics/trump-minimizes-hacking-allegations-and-seeks-to-move-forward-with-russia/2017/07/09/3a3f9aca-64bf-11e7-8eb5-cbccc2e7bfbf_story.html" rel="nofollow - Try 1 month for 99¢
She continued: “It doesn’t mean we’ve ever taken our eyes off of the ball. It doesn’t mean we ever trust Russia. We can’t trust Russia, and we won’t ever trust Russia. But you keep those that you don’t trust closer, so that you can always keep an eye on them and keep them in check, and I think that’s what we’re trying to do with Russia right now.”
Trump’s pledge to work with Putin on cybersecurity came as U.S. government officials https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-officials-say-russian-government-hackers-have-penetrated-energy-and-nuclear-company-business-networks/2017/07/08/bbfde9a2-638b-11e7-8adc-fea80e32bf47_story.html?utm_term=.74fe6441f701" rel="nofollow - told The Washington Post that Russian government hackers were behind recent intrusions into the systems of U.S. nuclear power and other energy companies.
The idea of a cyber partnership was roundly mocked. Former defense secretary Ashton B. Carter, who served under Obama at the time of Russia’s interference, likened it in a CNN interview to “the guy who robbed your house proposing a working group on burglary.”
McCain said facetiously on NBC, “I am sure that Vladimir Putin could be of enormous assistance in that effort, since he’s doing the hacking.”
Carol Morello in Kiev, Ukraine, and David A. Fahrenthold and David Weigel in Washington contributed to this report.
you not going to chase the fox if you stole the chicken......
or if you won because of the hacking.......why bother chasing the culprit
he may help you next time !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!..................
Ivanka for first female president...................
what you see is grooming for top job, very interesting to watch ......
Donald Trump Jr.’s stunningly incriminating statement to the New York Times
By https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/callum-borchers/" rel="nofollow - Callum Borchers July 9 at 6:14 PM mailto:callum.borchers@washpost.com?subject=Reader%20feedback%20for%20Donald%20Trump%20Jr.%E2%80%99s%20stunningly%20incriminating%20statement%20to%20the%20New%20York%20Times" rel="nofollow -
(Matt York/AP)
Donald Trump Jr. has made a potentially damaging https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/09/us/politics/trump-russia-kushner-manafort.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news" rel="nofollow - New York Times report much, much worse.
The Times on Sunday reported that the president's eldest son was promised damaging information about Hillary Clinton before meeting with a Kremlin-connected Russian lawyer at Trump Tower in New York on June 9, 2016.
As Times reporters Jo Becker, Matt Apuzzo and Adam Goldman explained, Trump Jr.'s motivation for agreeing to the meeting “points to the central question in federal investigations of the Kremlin’s meddling in the presidential election: whether the Trump campaign colluded with the Russians. The accounts of the meeting represent the first public indication that at least some in the campaign were willing to accept Russian help.”
Paul Manafort, the campaign's chairman at the time, and Jared Kushner, President Trump's son-in-law and adviser, also attended.
Needless to say, the report looks bad for the president, even though his private legal team told the Times that Trump did not participate or even know about the meeting. Trump has a go-to playbook in situations like these: cast doubt on the credibility of unnamed sources (five, in this case) and cry, “Fake news!”
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But Trump Jr. took that strategy off the table with a stunningly incriminating first response. Check out this excerpt from the Times report:
https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acquisition/?promo=display_hp_subsbnr&oscode=RPWH&wpsrc=CM0000449&tid=s_028&destination=http://www.washingtonpost.com/pb/news/the-fix/wp/2017/07/09/donald-trump-jr-s-stunningly-incriminating-statement-to-the-new-york-times/" rel="nofollow - Try 1 month for 99¢
In a statement on Sunday, Donald Trump Jr. said he had met with the Russian lawyer at the request of an acquaintance. “After pleasantries were exchanged,” he said, “the woman stated that she had information that individuals connected to Russia were funding the Democratic National Committee and supporting Ms. Clinton. Her statements were vague, ambiguous and made no sense. No details or supporting information was provided or even offered. It quickly became clear that she had no meaningful information.”
He said she then turned the conversation to adoption of Russian children and the Magnitsky Act, an American law that blacklists suspected Russian human rights abusers. The law so enraged President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia that he retaliated by halting American adoptions of Russian children.
“It became clear to me that this was the true agenda all along and that the claims of potentially helpful information were a pretext for the meeting,” Mr. Trump said.
Read that last part again: “the claims of potentially helpful information were a pretext for the meeting.”
Trump Jr. confirmed that he went into the meeting expecting to receive information from the Russian lawyer that could hurt Clinton. That is a breathtaking admission.
The rest of Trump Jr.'s statement is an attempt to minimize the value of what the lawyer actually told him. The outcome of the meeting and its effect on the presidential race is important, of course, yet it is kind of beside the point.
Trump Jr.'s attempt to obtain information from a Russian lawyer that could harm Clinton seems likely to alarm investigators, regardless of whether the effort proved successful.
Trump Misleads on Russia Hacking
By http://www.factcheck.org/author/eugene-kiely/" rel="nofollow - Eugene Kiely
Posted on July 6, 2017 | Updated on July 7, 2017
http://www.factcheck.org/2017/07/trump-misleads-russia-hacking/" rel="nofollow -
On the eve of his first meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin, President Donald Trump made some questionable claims about the U.S. intelligence community’s finding that Russia hacked into U.S. political organizations to interfere in the 2016 presidential election:
Trump said the computer hacking “could have been other people and other countries.” There is no evidence for that. U.S. intelligence has named only Russia as the culprit. A Jan. 6 report based on the work of three intelligence agencies said Putin “ordered” a broad “influence campaign” to help elect Trump.
Trump claimed former President Barack Obama “did nothing” from August to Nov. 8 about Russia meddling in the election. That’s wrong. Among other things, Obama spoke to Putin about the issue in September, and his administration worked with state officials from mid-August until Election Day to prevent voting systems from being hacked.
The president http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/06/politics/trump-election-meddling-russia/index.html" rel="nofollow - made his remarks during a joint press conference with Polish President Andrzej Duda in Warsaw on July 6. Trump made the stop in Poland on his way to a Group of 20 summit meeting in Germany, where he is http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/340605-white-house-details-trump-meeting-with-putin-report" rel="nofollow - scheduled to meet with Putin on July 7.
‘Other Countries’?
Hallie Jackson of NBC News http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/first-read/trump-downplays-russian-election-meddling-yet-again-n780031" rel="nofollow - asked the president if he would “once and for all, yes or no, definitively say that Russia interfered in the 2016 election.” He http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/06/politics/trump-election-meddling-russia/index.html" rel="nofollow - gave a less-than-definitive answer.
Trump, July 6: I think it was Russia. And I think it could have been other people and other countries. It could have been a lot of people interfered. I’ve said it very simply. I think it could very well have been Russia but I think it could very well have been other countries, and I won’t be specific. But I think a lot of people interfere. I think it has been happening for a long time. It has been happening for many, many years.
There is no evidence that other countries were involved in the cyberattacks.
The Department of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence issued a https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/10/07/joint-statement-department-homeland-security-and-office-director-national" rel="nofollow - joint statement on Oct. 7, 2016, that said the U.S. intelligence community is “confident” that hacks into the email systems of the Democratic Party and its officials were directed by “Russia’s senior most officials.” The U.S. intelligence community includes https://www.intelligencecareers.gov/icmembers.html" rel="nofollow - 17 separate intelligence agencies .
“Such activity is not new to Moscow — the Russians have used similar tactics and techniques across Europe and Eurasia, for example, to influence public opinion there,” the statement said. “We believe, based on the scope and sensitivity of these efforts, that only Russia’s senior-most officials could have authorized these activities.”
After the election, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence issued a https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICA_2017_01.pdf" rel="nofollow - declassified report on Jan. 6 that went even further. That report said that “Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump” and that “Putin ordered an influence campaign” to help Trump and damage his opponent, Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton.
The 25-page report was “drafted and coordinated” among three intelligence agencies — the CIA, FBI and the National Security Agency — based on “intelligence information collected and disseminated by those three agencies.”
Among other things, the report said, Russian military intelligence gained access to Democratic National Committee computers from July 2015 to June 2016 and then used WikiLeaks, DCLeaks.com and “Guccifer 2.0, who claimed to be an independent Romanian hacker,” to publicly release hacked emails and documents. The cyberattacks and public release of hacked material were part of larger “Russian propaganda efforts” to hurt Clinton and help Trump, the report said.
“Russia’s state-run propaganda machine — comprised of its domestic media apparatus, outlets targeting global audiences such as RT and Sputnik, and a network of quasi-government trolls — contributed to the influence campaign by serving as a platform for Kremlin messaging to Russian and international audiences,” the report said. “State-owned Russian media made increasingly favorable comments about President-elect Trump as the 2016 US general and primary election campaigns progressed while consistently offering negative coverage of Secretary Clinton.”
In http://www.politico.com/story/2017/06/08/full-text-james-comey-trump-russia-testimony-239295" rel="nofollow - sworn testimony before the Senate intelligence committee on June 8, former FBI Director James Comey said there should be no confusion that Russia interfered with the election.
Comey, June 8: There should be no fuzz on this whatsoever. The Russians interfered in our election during the 2016 cycle. They did with purpose. They did it with sophistication. They did it with overwhelming technical efforts. It was an active measures campaign driven from the top of that government. There is no fuzz on that. It is a high confidence judgment of the entire intelligence community and the members of this committee have seen the intelligence. It’s not a close call. That happened. That’s about as unfake as you can possibly get. It is very, very serious, which is why it’s so refreshing to see a bipartisan focus on that. This is about America, not about a particular party.
Of course, this isn’t the first time that Trump has questioned U.S. intelligence on Russia. He did so http://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/timeline-russia-investigation/" rel="nofollow - before and after winning the election, sometimes in the same way as he did at his Warsaw press conference.
After the election, Trump http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-team-russia-cia-intel-election-232460" rel="nofollow - issued a statement on Dec. 9 that compared U.S. intelligence on Russia’s election meddling to U.S. intelligence on Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction. At his press conference in Poland, Trump again raised the issue of WMDs. He said “everybody was 100 percent sure that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction,” but faulty intelligence “led to one big mess.”
And, as he did in Poland, Trump told Time magazine in a http://time.com/4591183/time-person-of-the-year-2016-donald-trump-interview/" rel="nofollow - Nov. 28, 2016, interview : “It could be Russia. And it could be China. And it could be some guy in his home in New Jersey.”
But no evidence to date has emerged that China or any other country was involved.
Update, July 7: Two House members – a Republican and a Democrat – said they have seen no evidence that any country other than Russia interfered in the 2016 election.
CNN’s John Berman asked Rep. Jim Himes in a http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1707/06/acd.02.html" rel="nofollow - July 6 interview : “[H]ave you seen any evidence that any other country besides Russia tried to meddle in the 2016 election?” Himes, a https://intelligence.house.gov/about/hpsci-minority-members.htm" rel="nofollow - Democratic member of the House intelligence committee, responded, “None. None.”
Republican Rep. Michael McCaul, https://homeland.house.gov/" rel="nofollow - chairman of the House Committee on Homeland Security, said in a http://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/congressman-expresses-topic-wish-list-for-meeting-985898563835" rel="nofollow - July 7 interview on MSNBC that the intelligence reports and briefings that he has received show “very clear and convincing evidence that it was a nation state attack by Russia.”
Share The Facts
Posted By: Technophobe
Oddly, considering my feelings about Trump, I believe he had no idea that Russia was: hacking US files, influencing the election, or indulging in any other covert activities until well after the election. He may have had a few clues and theories, but no more than the rest of us suspicious B*****ds.
He was not an experienced politician, nor (to my knowledge) privy to any intelligence information. There is an "in" set of people and an "out" one. He would have been in the latter until he became the "Chief". Then, and ONLY then he would have been "clued in".
My personal beef with his Russian dealings start at that point. As soon as there appeared to be election irregularities he should have DEMANDED an enquiry, and a thorough one. Not wait until it started to make him look bad before suddenly and acrimoniously firing the man he had previously been praising whilst he dished the dirt on the Democrats. Putting it another way: firing Comey = good, waiting till Comey switched sides first = bad.
Up until his Presidency, he had the right to do business with whom he willed. His only loyalties should have been to his employees and shareholders.
After the election, he needed to be transparently uninvolved in anything that gave his companies insider information, or used their influence upon the Presidency. Both sides of that street need to close when you are in power. Otherwise your people see a dictator, fleecing the country like a warlord in some backwater new republic of the third world - growing rich whilst their people starve.
That is where he failed so miserably. From over here that is how he appears, the only difference is that the country started our fairly rich and very powerful. The path is never upward under such leadership, I pray the path will be curtailed before too much damage is done. I like America and its people.
I just find it all very interesting,but no one to my mind is addressing the real danger to life on this planet, Climate Change,we all got our heads in the sand....i can't change anything I just watch as the human race destroys itself....
Posted By: Satori
the corrupt,INCOMPETENT Trump administration IS addressing climate change
here's just a FEW examples
http://www.desdemonadespair.net/2017/07/video-epa-launching-program-to.html" rel="nofollow - Video: EPA launching program to challenge climate science
http://www.desdemonadespair.net/2017/07/video-epa-launching-program-to.html
http://www.desdemonadespair.net/2017/07/epa-axes-38-more-science-advisers.html" rel="nofollow - EPA axes 38 more science advisers, cancels panel meetings – “This says to me that they do not want objective science”
http://www.desdemonadespair.net/2017/07/epa-axes-38-more-science-advisers.html
Nero fiddled while Rome burned
Trump Tweets while the world BURNS
“The point of modern propaganda isn’t only to misinform or push an agenda. It is to exhaust your critical thinking, to annihilate truth.” Gary Kasparov
Date Posted: July 11 2017 at 9:15am
‘I Love It’: Donald Trump Jr. Knew He Was Meeting With Kremlin-Linked Lawyer
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-jr-emails_us_5964e8b9e4b005b0fdc8815c?ncid=inblnkushpmg00000009
“The Crown prosecutor of Russia met with his father Aras this morning and in their meeting offered to provide the Trump campaign with some official documents and information that would incriminate Hillary and her dealings with Russia and would be very useful to your father,” Goldstone wrote in an email to Trump Jr.
“This is obviously very high level and sensitive information but is part of Russia and its government’s support for Mr. Trump ― helped along by Aras and Emin,” Goldstone added. “What do you think is the best way to handle this information and would you be able to speak to Emin about it directly?”
Putin really really REALLY wanted Trump to be President
WHY ???
no wonder Trump has been so soft on Russia
and NO DOUBT,more revelations to follow
Posted By: arirish
Date Posted: July 11 2017 at 12:52pm
Donald Trump, Jr.,’s Incriminating E-Mails Have Fundamentally Changed the Russia Story
Photograph by Mark Peterson / Redux
The release of e-mails between Donald Trump, Jr., and a British entertainment publicist describing their effort to receive anti-Hillary Clinton information from people identified as members of the Russian government has fundamentally changed the Russia story. It has also demolished the credibility of Trump, Jr. The velocity of that change was captured in a pair of e-mails that I received from a former Trump-campaign official. This morning, I asked him about revelations in the Times about the meeting between Natalia Veselnitskaya and senior Trump-campaign officials—Trump, Jr., as well as Paul Manafort and Jared Kushner—and the source practically yawned. “It is still nothing,” he responded, echoing the common refrain from most Trump defenders since Saturday, when details of the meeting first emerged.
After the e-mails were posted, he amended his reaction. “It’s moving too fast for me to appear intelligent in analysis,” he wrote back. “I know DJT2 is a good guy and wouldn’t break the law.”
In less than ninety minutes, the sentiment from people sympathetic to the President’s son had shifted from “nothingburger” to “I hope he doesn’t go to jail.”
The e-mails are highly incriminating. According to the correspondence, a Russian government official had contacted a former associate of Donald Trump, who had previously had business dealings in Russia, and offered anti-Clinton information. “This is obviously very high level and sensitive information but is part of Russia and its government’s support for Mr. Trump,” Rob Goldstone, an associate of a Russian pop musician, Emin Agalarov, who was close to the Trump family, wrote. (Donald Trump once appeared in one of Agalarov’s music videos, and various reports on Tuesday noted that Emin and Trump, Jr., have texted as recently as January.)
I asked Steve Schmidt, who helped run John McCain’s 2008 Presidential campaign, what he would have done if he had received a similar e-mail. “Would have either ignored it or called the F.B.I.,” Schmidt told me. I also asked Charlie Black, who has been involved at the highest levels with numerous Republican campaigns, and who is also a former business partner of Manafort, if most campaign professionals would have called the F.B.I. “Yes,” he said, “but you should not cast Donnie as a campaign professional. He is not.”
Yet the e-mails show that Trump, Jr., eagerly took the meeting with Veselnitskaya that Goldstone was offering, and made it clear that Kushner and Manafort, then the two most important people in the Trump campaign, would be attending. Earlier this week, Trump, Jr., claimed that he didn’t even know who the woman was. But Goldstone described her in his e-mail to Trump, Jr., as a “Russian government attorney.” The e-mails even note that the woman’s identity would indeed be passed on to Trump, Jr., so that she could make it through security at Trump Tower, which at the time was protected by the Secret Service. Did Donald Trump himself know about the meeting? He has been silent so far on the details of these latest developments, except to offer a pro-forma statement of support: “My son is a high-quality person and I applaud his transparency.” In the e-mails released Tuesday, there is a tantalizing detail. Goldstone notes, “I can also send this info to your father via Rhona”—Trump’s longtime assistant Rhona Graff—“but it is ultra sensitive so wanted to send to you first.”
The revelation about Trump, Jr.,’s eagerness to collude with the Russians—“if it’s what you say I love it especially later in the summer,” he wrote to Goldstone—is all the more shocking considering the outrage that he has expressed over such accusations. On July 24, 2016, a few weeks after his meeting with Veselnitskaya, when he was asked about complaints from the Clinton campaign that Russians had hacked Democratic National Committee servers, stolen information, and dumped it online, Trump, Jr., was indignant. “It just goes to show you their exact moral compass,” he said. “I mean, they’ll say anything to be able to win this. I mean, this is time and time again, lie after lie. You notice he won’t say, ‘Well, I say this.’ We hear ‘experts.’ You know, ‘His house cat at home once said that this is what's happening with the Russians.’ It's disgusting. It’s so phony.”
On July 26th, Donald Trump mocked the idea that his campaign would seek Russia’s help uncovering Clinton dirt: “In order to try and deflect the horror and stupidity of the [WikiLeaks] disaster, the Dems said maybe it is Russia dealing with Trump. Crazy!” Trump, Jr., in a statement he tweeted today, said he was releasing the e-mail chain because he wanted to be transparent. This was also not true. He released it because he knew that the Times was about to publish it.
Until now, the Russia story has included three highly suspicious actions on the part of Trump and his associates. During the campaign, Trump publicly welcomed and celebrated Russia’s hacking and dumping campaign and profited from the damaging information. Since the election, Trump Administration officials, including Kushner, Jeff Sessions, and Michael Flynn, have routinely concealed meetings that they had with Russian officials. And Trump himself has repeatedly—as recently as last week, at the G-20 meeting in Germany—sought to cast doubt on the intelligence community’s assessment that Russia tried to help elect him.
Despite all of this, for months the main defense of the White House and Trump supporters on Capitol Hill and in the media has been the lack of evidence of collusion between the Trump campaign and the Russians. That defense crumbled on Tuesday. The new e-mails show that Trump, Jr., was told of the Russian government’s support for Donald Trump and that the younger Trump, and perhaps Kushner and Manafort as well, were eager to have the Kremlin’s help. Actively soliciting the aid of a foreign adversary in a Presidential campaign goes well beyond anything that has been previously revealed. “We are now beyond obstruction of justice,” Senator Tim Kaine told CNN on Tuesday. “This is moving into perjury, false statements, and even potentially treason.”
Will Republicans care? The earliest voices to react have been those of familiar Trump critics. “Anytime you’re in a campaign and you get an offer from a foreign government to help your campaign, the answer is no,” Senator Lindsey Graham told reporters. “So, I don’t know what Mr. Trump, Jr.,’s version of the facts are. Definitely—he has to testify. That e-mail is disturbing.” Graham’s friend and fellow frequent Trump critic John McCain noted that “it’s certainly another shoe that’s dropped that needs to be pursued and looked at.” Susan Collins, a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said that she wants the committee to interview everyone who was at the meeting.
On Monday, Trump, Jr., hired a criminal-defense attorney. He was wise to do so.
http://http://www.newyorker.com/news/ryan-lizza/the-trump-teams-crumbling-russia-defense" rel="nofollow - http://www.newyorker.com/news/ryan-lizza/the-trump-teams-crumbling-russia-defense
Donald Trump Jr emails show Russia communication
From the section http://www.bbc.com/news/world/us_and_canada" rel="nofollow - US & Canada
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40574564#" rel="nofollow - - http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40574564#" rel="nofollow - - http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40574564#" rel="nofollow - - mailto:?subject=Shared%20from%20BBC%20News&body=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-40574564" rel="nofollow - - http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40574564#share-tools" rel="nofollow - -
Image copyrightGETTY IMAGESImage captionDonald Trump Jr was told the information would be useful to his father, one email says
US President Donald Trump's son has released an email chain showing he was keen to accept "sensitive" information on Hillary Clinton from a Russian national.
Publicist Rob Goldstone tells Donald Trump Jr that there is information that is "part of Russia and its government's support for Mr Trump".
Mr Trump Jr replies: "If it's what you say, I love it."
The emails led to a meeting in New York with a Russian lawyer.
It appears to be the first confirmation that a Trump associate attended a meeting in the expectation of being handed sensitive information from Russian officials.
US officials are currently investigating alleged Russian meddling in the US election.
President Trump issued a brief statement in support of his son, describing him as "a high-quality person" and applauding his transparency.
Later, the highest-ranked Democrat on the House Intelligence Committee, Adam Schiff, said he wanted Mr Trump Jr and all participants in the meeting to testify before the panel.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40571914" rel="nofollow - Trump Jr's email chain: Full text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-40560803" rel="nofollow - Four most explosive lines in the emails
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-40573455" rel="nofollow - Trump Jr's habit for headline-making
The emails to Mr Trump Jr, which he https://twitter.com/DonaldJTrumpJr" rel="nofollow - released on Twitter , say "the crown prosecutor of Russia" (a role that does not exist) had "offered to provide the Trump campaign with some official documents and information that would incriminate Hillary and her dealings with Russia and would be very useful to your father".
The email chain was also forwarded to President Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner and campaign manager Paul Manafort.
All three later met Russian lawyer Natalia Veselnitskaya at Trump Tower in New York.
How the story has developed
Since he was elected, President Trump has been dogged by allegations that Russia tried to sabotage Mrs Clinton's campaign. He has denied any knowledge of this and Russia has also repeatedly denied interfering.
In May, the justice department appointed ex-FBI director Robert Mueller as special counsel to look into the Russian matter.
The https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/08/us/politics/trump-russia-kushner-manafort.html" rel="nofollow - New York Times first reported on Saturday that a meeting had taken place on 9 June 2016 between Ms Veselnitskaya and the Trump team at Trump Tower.
It later reported that Mr Trump Jr had earlier been offered alleged damaging information on Mrs Clinton.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-40560800" rel="nofollow - President's family facing the heat
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38966846" rel="nofollow - Russian cloud hangs over White House
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38966119" rel="nofollow - Trump-Russia scandal: How did we get here?
The Times had been expected to publish emails connected to the meeting, but Mr Trump Jr pre-empted this by posting the email chain on Twitter.
He had earlier admitted meeting Ms Veselnitskaya but insisted she had provided "no meaningful information". He said she had wanted to talk about adoptions.
Image copyrightREUTERSImage captionThe president's son-in-law, Jared Kushner, was also at the meeting
Ms Veselnitskaya, who has been linked to the Russian government, has insisted she was never in possession of information that could have damaged Mrs Clinton.
She said Mr Trump Jr and two senior campaign aides may have met her last summer because they were "longing" for such information. She has denied any connection with the Kremlin.
What are the latest developments?
The email chain https://twitter.com/DonaldJTrumpJr" rel="nofollow - posted by Mr Trump Jr shows:
On 3 June last year he received an email from intermediary Mr Goldstone promising documents from Russia that would incriminate Hillary Clinton and her supposed dealings with Russia
One email from Mr Goldstone said the information they had been promised was "obviously very high-level and sensitive information but is part of Russia and its government's support for Mr Trump"
The person who was to meet Mr Trump Jr in New York was described as "a Russian government attorney who is flying over from Moscow"
Within the week, a meeting had been arranged which included Mr Trump Jr, Jared Kushner and Paul Manafort
Mr Trump Jr also posted a statement saying he was releasing the email chain "to be totally transparent" and reiterated that the Russian lawyer had "no information to provide".
Mr Goldstone has previously denied any knowledge of involvement in the election by the Russian government.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40567707" rel="nofollow - Who is the man behind Donald Trump Jr's meeting?
Analysis: 'Absolutely devastating'
Anthony Zurcher, BBC North America reporter
The New York Times' description of the email to Donald Trump Jr from Rob Goldstone was bad news for the Trump presidency. The actual text of the emails, however, is absolutely devastating.
Trump Jr was explicitly told the Russian government wanted to provide him with documents incriminating Hillary Clinton as part of its "support for Mr Trump". Son-in-law Jared Kushner and then-campaign chair Paul Manafort were apparently copied on the entire email chain the day before the meeting. Goldstone even offered to pass the information along to Donald Trump's personal assistant.
These emails place dynamite under nearly a year's worth of assertions by Trump officials that there was no co-ordination between their campaign and the Russian government. Even if no collusion took place in this instance - all the parties to the meeting who are speaking publicly deny that any information was exchanged - Trump Jr wasn't just open to Russian help, he "loved" it.
Time and time again members of President Trump's inner circle have denied contacts with Russian nationals only to later revise their assertions when new facts emerged. These emails may have given the public the first glimpse of why such elaborate defences were constructed.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-40560803" rel="nofollow - Anthony's analysis in full
Republican Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina - a Trump critic - said the emails were "very disturbing", adding that the meeting should never have been held in the first place.
He told reporters on Capitol Hill: "This is the most problematic thing that I've seen thus far... the most direct evidence yet... that the Russian government was interested in helping the Trump campaign."
Posted By: Diligent
Keep an eye on Fukushima because it is a very dangerous situation.
Russia=the gift that keeps on giving and giving and GIVING
Jared Kushner Under Investigation for Helping Coordinate Russian Cyberattacks: Bombshell Report
http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/jared-kushner-under-investigation-helping-coordinate-russian-cyberattacks
Trump=THE KING OF FAKE NEWS
I just wondering what J.Egar Hoover would think
Satori wrote:
Thanks, Satori! That is really the crux of this thing....Kushner is a central figure. I wonder what Putin promised him?
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INTERNATIONAL FAMILY LAWYER
Karen is a family lawyer who is tri-jurisdictionally qualified (Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland and England and Wales) with extensive expertise on all of the issues which may arise on the breakdown of a relationship. She has specialist expertise in cases involving an international dimension, both public and private law. In 2011 she was invited to join the prestigious International Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers and is regularly consulted by State agencies on registration of orders in other jurisdictions.
Karen is a native of Cahersiveen in County Kerry and was educated at the United World College (New Mexico USA), Birmingham University and The College of Law (Chester). She qualified as a Solicitor in England & Wales in 1994 and worked for three years for Gouldens in the City of London and Brussels before moving to Northern Ireland in 1995 when she was admitted as a Solicitor in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
She has been a partner in Caldwell & Robinson since 1998. She is an accredited member of the Northern Ireland Children’s Panel, and is a member of the International Academy of Matrimonial Law, an organisation of leading global family lawyers. Karen is also a trained mediator. She is a member of the Family Law Committee of the Law Society of Northern Ireland. She has a Diploma in European Competition Law from King’s College London, a Diploma in State Aid from the University of Louvain in Belgium and is a qualified Advanced Advocate in Northern Ireland.
Karen is a regular speaker on family law matters and has spoken at prestigious conferences such as the Four Jurisdictions Family Law Conference and to the EU Policy Unit.
ADVOCACY ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION CHILDREN CIVIL LITIGATION COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL PROPERTY COMPANY CONSUMER EMPLOYMENT EU FAMILY MATRIMONIAL MEDIATION REAL ESTATE RESIDENTIAL CONVEYANCING
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ESPN Spring Training coverage
By Matt Smith on January 31, 2013 in Baseball coverage, MLB
ESPN announced on Wednesday that they will be broadcasting eight Grapefruit League games during Spring Training.
It’s expected that all eight will be available on ESPN America and most, if not all, will be available for International MLB.TV subscribers online.
All games will begin at 17.00 U.K. time:
Monday 11. St. Louis Cardinals at New York Yankees
Monday 18. Philadelphia Phillies at Atlanta Braves
Tuesday 19. New York Yankees at Philadelphia Phillies
Wednesday 20. Boston Red Sox at New York Yankees
Monday 25. Boston Red Sox at Baltimore Orioles
Tuesday 26. St. Louis Cardinals at New York Mets
Wednesday 27. Philadelphia Phillies at Detroit Tigers
Thursday 28. New York Mets at Washington Nationals.
ESPN is generally seen as being biased towards east coast teams and their Spring Training schedule will add some grist to that particular mill for those bothered by it.
The concentration of games towards the end of Spring Training reflects both that this is always the period when MLB regulars play the majority of the innings (as opposed to earlier in Spring Training when they’ll clear off after 4 or 5) and that the World Baseball Classic will steal the spotlight during the first half of March this year.
ESPN America, Gameday Audio, MLB, MLB.tv
Prospects are good
Project COBB website under the knife
6 Responses to ESPN Spring Training coverage
Peter January 31, 2013 at 12:11 pm #
any news if there will any coverage of the world baseball classic on espn america
Matt Smith January 31, 2013 at 2:51 pm #
Hi Peter. No definite news as yet. In U.S. ESPN will not have the rights this time (previously they shared with MLB Network) but that shouldn’t affect the international rights. MP & Silva are the company responsible for distributing the media rights and their stated goal is to use it as a baseball showcase and get it in front of as many people as possible. Unless a free-to-air channel picked up the rights (ITV4 possibly being the only possible option that comes to mind and that not being very likely at all) I would suspect they’ll come to an agreement with ESPN America.
Will post an update if/when I hear anything.
Peter January 31, 2013 at 8:16 pm #
cheers matt
Peter February 4, 2013 at 7:27 pm #
http://www.espnamerica.com/gb/f1/clubhouse/article/mlb-world-baseball-classic-2013-on-espn-america/ Good news espn america are showing it
Well spotted Peter! Great news, thanks for sharing. Can’t wait for the tournament to begin.
Geoff Boxall February 12, 2013 at 3:32 pm #
I really agree about the East Coast bias which I guess is due to the time difference in the regular season. However it is a shame when the best teams are on the West Coast. Fortunately I will be watching a few games at Tropicana stadium to support the Rays, but my favourite team is the Mariners but sadly don’t get to see them much these days and of clourse they let me down year after year !! 🙂
Geoff , Surrey UK
Leave a Reply to Matt Smith Click here to cancel reply.
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Policy Wonk’s Guide to the Gubernatorial Election
To the uninitiated, the choice between two remarkably similar candidates, Govs. O’Malley and Ehrlich, must seem like a choice between Tweedledum and Tweedledee.
Both are candidates whose past appeals have rested on personalities rather than issues. Both have become expert at deferring hard fiscal choices. Neither has been vigorous in cutting budgets. Both have a mystic faith in gambling revenues. Neither has been given to outreach or the gathering of talent Ehrlich’s cabinet was drawn from the legislature and his staff from Capitol Hill; O’Malley’s cabinet and staff are nothing so much as a reunion of Glendening administration retreads. Both have maintained in office an overrated, politically opportunistic and lightweight superintendent of schools. Neither is a reformer; there is no Charles Evans Hughes, Robert M. La Follette or Alfred E. Smith in this race.
Nonetheless, there are some differences, and they are not in O’Malley’s favor. While both governors have raised revenues, O’Malley resorted to broad-based income and sales taxes, precipitating some flight of upper-income taxpayers. Ehrlich favored pollution taxes and tolls and transportation user charges. Ehrlich has promised to undo the sales tax increase, a promise that probably cannot be kept without a long-overdue broadening of the base of the tax to include services not now reached.
O’Malley showered money on the state’s education establishment, funding tuition freezes with state aid, expanding the state school construction program and funding, as Ehrlich did not, a portion of the Thornton formula providing aid to more prosperous subdivisions. Ehrlich more adequately funded transportation projects, launching the Intercounty Connector and other projects and not as freely deferring road maintenance. O’Malley launched no significant road improvements and provided little in the way of new transportation revenues.
Neither took badly needed and obvious measures to provide the state with more high school science teachers. Neither moved to curb the teachers’ unions or the scandalously run traditionally black colleges. Both curtailed parkland acquisition and historic preservation. Neither had an intelligible policy to foster local government and community-based institutions. Neither effectively regulated nor dealt with the state’s largest public utility, which retains, despite its protestations to the contrary, important elements of monopoly power. Neither moved to replace the state’s obsolete personal property tax with a broad-based business tax, like that in New Hampshire.
There are, however, two major differences between the two administrations.
The O’Malley administration has lost no opportunity to fortify the position of public employee unions. Thus, agency shop statutes have authorized the politically powerful unions to collect additional fees from nonmembers; a new board has been created to which settlements between unions and local boards of education can be appealed; a so-called “living wage” statute has been enacted governing wages in firms contracting with state government, the effect of which is to discourage the contracting out of janitorial and food-service functions in state institutions; prevailing wages on state construction jobs have been increased, and expansion of charter schools and aid to private schools has been resisted.
All these measures will explode the cost of government in future years by increasing labor costs and reducing private competition. In addition, the state’s ballooning deficits for pensions and for employee health programs have been unaddressed. The O’Malley administration withheld even the nominal contribution toward employee health deficits provided in earlier budgets. While Ehrlich signed an expensive teacher pension law in an election year, he promoted charter schools and has been less receptive to other efforts of unions to entrench themselves.
The second difference relates to issues of crime and justice. Ehrlich fostered various measures to lighten sanctions for nonviolent drug offenses and to establish “drug courts” to divert offenders from the criminal justice system in favor of testing and treatment, and also supported “medical marijuana” legislation. His judicial appointments, like those of Govs. McKeldin and Hughes and unlike those of Gov. Glendening, were notably nonpartisan in nature. O’Malley, preferring to engage in posturing about being “tough on crime,” vetoed a carefully worked-out drug reform bill sponsored by Baltimore Del. Curtis Anderson, and reverted to Glendening’s partisanship in judicial appointments.
There is today net emigration from Maryland, and the tax climate causes private-sector migrants to gravitate to the south side of the Potomac. Montgomery County no longer can serve as the state’s milk cow. Ehrlich, less beholden to the unions, is better able to launch the necessary pension and benefit changes and school reforms. His more enlightened crime and drug policies are more in keeping with changes taking place at the federal level and in Texas and California, which are likely to accelerate.
Maryland’s Gov. Albert Ritchie was the nation’s most outspoken opponent of alcohol prohibition, and Maryland was the only state not to pass a law in aid of its enforcement. Ehrlich’s leadership on drug issues has not been as dramatic, but some leadership is better than none.
George Liebmann, a lawyer, is the volunteer executive director of the Baltimore-based Calvert Institute for Policy Research, a center-right think tank on public policy issues.
Posted in: News Series, Publications
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Hands-on tools get the job done...
David Disend, Senior Consulting Associate
David Disend has led efforts that have raised more than $1.5 billion. He has supervised staffs as large as 65 and has managed budgets as large as $7.5 million. He and his teams amassed 27 CASE (Council for the Advancement and Support of Education) and IABC (International Association of Business Communicators) awards, including twice winning, as a chief advancement officer, the CASE award for most improved fundraising effort.
He has a distinguished career in planning, leading, and doing fundraising efforts for education, healthcare and cultural organizations. He has over 15 years of experience as a university vice president, and has trained boards and staffs on best practices, fundraising responsibilities, major gifts, planned gifts, and real estate gifts around the country. He is a donor and a volunteer with the Audubon Society, The Nature Conservancy, Rails-to-Trails, and the Sierra Club. David served on the landscape and trails committees in both Klamath Falls, OR, and in Clayton, CA. David developed the sponsored trail program in Clayton, CA.
Most recently he served as the Senior Director of Philanthropic Planning at the National Trust for Historic Preservation, Washington, DC. He has been Vice President for Advancement at Oakland University (MI), John F. Kennedy University (CA), Antioch College (OH), and Oregon Institute of Technology. He has also held senior advancement and development posts at Georgetown University and University of Miami where he was Assistant Vice President for University Advancement and Director of Major Gifts. Locally he has counseled Seton Medical Center, Year Up San Francisco, and the Institute of International Education. Prior to his career in fundraising, David was a school teacher and academic dean in independent schools.
David currently serves on the national board of the National Association of Charitable Gift Planners. He has a long career of board service with the Association of Fundraising Professionals. He served on the boards of the Miami, Florida; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan, and Golden Gate (San Francisco) Chapters, where he also served as chapter president. David served on the AFP International board for three years. David’s strong commitment to fostering a diverse workforce in philanthropy led to creating and endowing the AFP David Disend and ?? Diverse Communities Scholarship.
David is based in Castro Valley, California.
How an institution manages its board's involvement in fundraising can be the difference between moderate success and exceeding expectations.
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CWW
Join CWW
Community & Corporate Consultation
CWW WIRE
4625 Morse Road, Ste 200
Gahanna, Ohio 43230
Columbus Women's Wellness
COLUMBUS WOMEN'S WELLNESS, LLC
PSYCHOLOGICAL & CONSULTING SERVICES
CWW providers offer a wealth of clinical knowledge and professional practice skills unmatched by other mental health practices in Central Ohio. CWW providers are dedicated to serving the distinct needs of women and teen girls.
Providers are only invited to join CWW when their therapeutic skill set, clinical expertise, and professional accomplishments meet the standards of CWW's specialized clinical services.
To schedule an appointment with any of CWW's providers, please click on their name.
JENNIFER R. JONES, PSY.D.
Dr. Jennifer R. Jones is a licensed Clinical Psychologist and founder of Columbus Women's Wellness, LLC. Her clinical specialty, women's and adolescent girls' behavioral health, grew from an early academic interest in how gender impacts experiences. Specifically, evaluating gender differences in aggression, self descriptors, mood, and anxiety. These interests developed into a professional passion for applying this knowledge to support women and girls as they journey through various life stages and circumstances. Using therapeutic approaches found by research to be most effective, Dr. Jones employs a unique style of therapy that focuses on the emotional, cognitive, and physiological factors impacting clients' experiences. Although Dr. Jones primarily delivers Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), she also employs Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) and Solution-Focused Therapy. She has been providing clinical services for over 10 years.
Dr. Jones graduated from The Ohio State University with a Bachelor's degree (BA) in Psychology. She completed her Master's degree (MA) in Psychology at the American University in Washington D.C. then received her Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (Psy.D.) from the American School of Professional Psychology (ASPP) in Arlington, VA. Dr. Jones completed her predoctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowship in community mental health. In addition, Dr. Jones is a professional member of the Ohio Psychological Association and is a member of and holds a specialized training certificate in Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders from Postpartum Support International.
Clinical Interests/Focus: Women’s Behavioral Health, Perinatal Mental Health, PMDD, Teen Girls’ Behavioral Health
ALISSA BANYASZ, PH.D.
Dr. Alissa M. Banyasz is a licensed Counseling Psychologist. It is her passion and privilege to support individuals as they navigate life’s challenges. She empowers clients by teaming with them to enhance self-understanding and build upon current strengths and resources. Her therapeutic approach is grounded in creating a safe and nonjudgmental space to explore new ways of thinking, acting, and relating to oneself and others. She tailors her work to each client’s unique personality and goals, reflecting a bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach to psychotherapy. She integrates evidence-based interventions including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
Dr. Banyasz graduated from Ashland University with a Bachelor’s degree (BA) in Psychology and Business Administration and received her Doctorate in Counseling Psychology (Ph.D.) from the University of Akron. She completed a pre-doctoral internship at a community-based behavioral health center in Grand Rapids, Michigan, as well as a two-year postdoctoral fellowship at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Here, she specialized in working with cancer survivors (including those who had been recently diagnosed, as well as those in active treatment and disease remission) and their families. Dr. Banyasz addresses a variety of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, interpersonal conflict, grief, and life transitions, as well as issues related to the emotional, physical, relational, and spiritual impact of cancer and chronic illness. Dr. Banyasz is a member of the American Psychological Association's Society for Counseling Psychology, Society for the Psychology of Religion & Spirituality, and Society for Health Psychology.
Clinical Interests/Focus: Psychosocial Oncology, Chronic Illness, Caregiver Support, Mood and Anxiety, Couples
ELIZABETH T. HAIGH, PSY.D.
Dr. Elizabeth T. Haigh is a licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in working with adolescents, adults, and older adults to address a variety of concerns, including depression, bipolar disorders, trauma, anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-harm, relationship difficulties, adjustment to challenging life situations, and life transitions. As an intrinsically passionate and patient-centered clinician, Dr. Haigh collaboratively and compassionately supports individuals wanting to improve themselves and the quality of their lives. She utilizes an approach that considers the interactions between individuals’ thinking, emotions, behaviors, physiology and environment to best understand their presenting concerns. In the therapeutic process, she focuses on maintaining a balance between acceptance and change. She integrates evidenced based interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and cognitive processing therapy (CPT). In addition to these therapeutic interventions, she empowers individuals by encouraging them to connect with the present moment, commit to their values, and utilize their unique and personal strengths. Dr. Haigh works with adults and teenagers 16 years and older.
Dr. Haigh graduated from John Carroll University in University Heights, OH with a Bachelor’s degree (BS) in Psychology and Sociology and received her Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (Psy.D.) from Xavier University in Cincinnati, OH. She completed a pre-doctoral internship and post-doctoral training at the VA Western New York Healthcare System in Buffalo, NY, where she specialized in treating individuals with dual-diagnoses, including posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders.
*Dr. Haigh currently facilitates a DBT Skills & Be The Best You Groups at CWW. Please Contact CWW for information about registration.
Clinical Interests/Focus: Trauma, Mood and Anxiety, Suicidality, Self-Harm, Personality Disorders, Life Adjustment/Transitions
LAUREN A. ARBOLINO, PH.D.
Dr. Arbolino is a licensed School Psychologist who provides support to families and teens attending both public and private schools to help them effectively access or evaluate appropriate services. At CWW, she specializes in working with teen girls with emotional behavioral disorders and social skill deficits. In addition to school advocacy, Dr. Arbolino helps families navigate school services.
Dr. Arbolino has served as a classroom teacher, counselor, and school psychologist for public and private schools for over 20 years. She has worked as a behavior therapist, consultant, and teacher trainer. For over 15 years, Dr. Arbolino has taught both undergraduate and graduate classes in education. She worked at Centennial School of Lehigh University where she trained graduate students in special education and consulted with teachers to effectively service students with emotional-behavioral disorders. In addition to her work at Nationwide Children's Hospital (Columbus, Ohio) where provided consultation services to school districts and clinical counseling to families and children on the Autism Spectrum, Dr. Arbolino has provided clinical services to individuals of all ages across several practice settings.
Dr. Arbolino received her Masters in Counseling (M.A.) from New York University and her Doctorate in School Psychology (Ph.D.) from Syracuse University. Her research examines academic and behavioral interventions for students with special needs and provides training to professionals to implement these interventions. Dr. Arbolino has presented at numerous national and international conferences on these topics and has published several articles and book chapters related to behavioral interventions and training professionals to implement these evidence-based strategies.
Clinical Interests/Focus: Adult Mood & Anxiety. Life Adjustment, School-Based Interventions, Adolescent Behavioral Health,
d’andria A. jackson, psy.d.
Dr. D’Andria Jackson is a licensed Clinical Psychologist dedicated to nurturing women in need of replenishment and empowerment. Dr. Jackson specializes in the treatment of depression, anxiety, interpersonal trauma, adjustment difficulties, life transitions, and issues related to diversity. She establishes a comprehensive understanding of each client through the exploration of critical biological, social, and psychological factors associated with their life experiences. This approach establishes a solid foundation for psychotherapy. Dr. Jackson believes therapy is a collaborative and active process. As such, she works closely and intentionally with her clients to develop a personalized therapeutic plan integrating evidence-based and practical interventions. Dr. Jackson’s therapeutic interventions include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and problem-solving therapy. Trauma related treatment interventions include the use of cognitive processing therapy (CPT), prolonged exposure therapy (PET), and trauma-informed treatment.
Dr. Jackson graduated with a bachelor’s degree (BA) in Counseling Psychology from Oakwood University in Huntsville, AL. She completed both her Masters (MA) and Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (Psy.D) through the American School of Professional Psychology (ASPP) in Arlington, VA. As a recipient of the United States Navy Health Professions Scholarship in Clinical Psychology, she completed her predoctoral internship and postdoctoral training at Naval Medical Center Portsmouth in Virginia. Dr. Jackson has over 10 years of clinical experience. She proudly served on active duty in the U.S. Navy for over seven years before making a transition into private practice. Dr. Jackson is a member of the American Psychological Association and the National Register of Health Service Psychologists.
Clinical Interests/Focus: Mood & Anxiety, Trauma, Diversity, Life Adjustment
stephanie purdom, lisw
Stephanie Purdom is a Licensed Independent Social Worker who believes deeply that healing is possible. Ms. Purdom has committed her work to the lives of women through the practice of trauma-informed, strengths-based psychotherapy. She specializes in addressing issues related to interpersonal and complex trauma, mood and anxiety disorders, perinatal mental health, self-esteem, and life-transitions. Utilizing a relational approach, she incorporates Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical-Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) into her sessions. Ms. Purdom collaborates with her clients to build awareness of emotional and physical states, process what’s confusing or distressful, and support her clients in the development of skills to manage life’s challenges. Seeing cultural humility as a critical element to mental health practice, Ms. Purdom strives to maintain an intersectional perspective in her clinical work. She has cultivated a style that is warm, relaxed, and empathetic, and sees herself as a holder of hope.
Ms. Purdom holds dual Master’s degrees in Social Work (MSW) and in Women’s and Gender Studies (MA) from Loyola University Chicago. She completed her undergraduate degree (BA) in English at Millikin University in Decatur, Il. Additionally, Ms. Purdom has completed Womencare’s Summer Institute on the Relational Treatment of Trauma in Evanston, Ill, the University of Chicago’s Advanced Training in Motivational Interviewing, and Postpartum Support International’s training in Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Before entering private practice, Ms. Purdom provided clinical care in community mental health with a focus on women who had experienced trauma, severe mental illness, substance use, and homelessness in Chicago. Additionally, Ms. Purdom had previous community roles as Vice & Development Chairs for the Chicago Women’s Health Center and as a member of the Advocacy Council for Women Employed Chicago.
Clinical Interests/Focus: Trauma, Perinatal Mental Health, Mood & Anxiety, Emerging Young Adults, Life Transitions.
Sean H. Delaney, MSW, LSW
Sean Delaney is a Licensed Social Worker who specializes in supporting girls and young women in finding their voice, their power and their confidence to navigate this increasingly complex world. Ms. Delaney has committed her time in the profession to supporting students and families through school-based social work services. She specializes in strengths-based psychotherapy, mood and anxiety disorders, self-esteem, and social skill building. Under clinical supervision toward independent licensure, she incorporates components of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical-Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Solution-Focused Therapy into her sessions.
Ms. Delaney holds a Master's degree in Social Work (MSW) from The Ohio State University. She completed her undergraduate degree (BA) in Political Science and Spanish at Wittenberg University in Springfield, OH. Additionally, Ms. Delaney is a cohort member in the School Mental Health Advanced Practicum Program at Loyola University - Chicago and a graduate of the Leadership in Human Services Management Program at The Ohio State University. Ms. Delaney’s expansive experience includes work across multiple school settings, work in transitional housing programs for adolescents and is actively involved with state and national social work organizations. In conjunction with her work at CWW, Ms. Delaney currently holds the role of Director of Counseling and Wellness at Columbus School for Girls (CSG) in Bexley, Ohio.
Clinical Interests/Focus: Teen Girls’ Behavioral Health, Educational Impacts of Mental Health, Mood & Anxiety Disorders, Emerging Young Adults, Social Skill Building, Life Adjustments/Transitions, Women’s Behavioral Health
Berhane Messay, PHD
info@columbuswomenswellness.com
O: (614) 383-8381 F: (855) 259-2615
4625 Morse Rd., Ste. 200 Gahanna, Oh 43230
© 2019 Columbus Women’s Wellness, LLC
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HOME > News > News
Chery sponsors Ecuadorian Primera A club
On January 10 Ecuador Time, Chery signed an agreement with Independiente del Valle in Ecuador to become its official auto sponsor. Present were senior executives of Chery's Ecuadorian distributor Maresa, Chery's leaders and representatives of more than 50 media outlets. Independiente del Valle showed the visitors around its club in Sangolqui.
Ecuador is an important overseas strategic market of Chery. Chery entered Ecuador in 2007 as the first Chinese auto brand accessing the market. In 2018, Chery launched its new 2.0 product-Tiggo 4 in Ecuador. Tiggo 4 has performed strongly in Ecuador, with its market share jumping to 8th. Besides, Chery has attached great importance to customer experience, vigorously improved service quality and greatly enhanced customer satisfaction by means of maintenance tips, service hotline and roadside assistance. Currently Chery has a wide variety of products in Ecuador and its sales service network covers the whole country.
The brand campaign is an integral part of Chery's overseas development. As South Americans love sports, Chery has developed sports marketing according to local conditions and achieved remarkable results. In Chile, Club Deportivo Universidad Católica sponsored by Chery claimed the Prime Division title to qualify for Copa Libertadores 2019; in Argentina, Chery joined hands with Copa Argentina to present wonderful matches. Besides, Chery organized "Crazy Football", "Search for the 12th Player" and other football-related events, to leave its "marks" in South American countries.
Chery's products have become stars in Ecuador, and Central and South America. Independiente del Valle purchased 7 Chery cars for players and coaches. Founded in 1958, the club currently competes in Ecuadorian Primera A, performs strongly in all Ecuador football events and is a favorite for championships. It won the second place in Copa Libertadores 2016. Forging a partnership with Independiente del Valle is an effective move of Chery to deepen its operations and sports marketing in South America. With "customers" as the center, Chery will seek more innovation in sports marketing and forge towards the goal of "building a globally competitive auto brand".
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Nine films short-listed for Foreign Language Oscar
Nine features will advance to the next round of voting in the Foreign Language Film category for the 86th Academy Awards. Seventy-six films had originally been considered in the category.
The films, listed in alphabetical order by country, are:
Posted by David Eng at 1:04 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Academy, awards, film, Hollywood, industry, International
2013 National Film Registry selections
Cinema with the Right Stuff Marks 2013 National Film Registry
Pulp Fiction, Mary Poppins, Roger & Me Among Registry Additions
Heroes of the space race, a pop cult classic; the age-old battle between the sexes; and a record of Native-American traditions are among a cadre of films being recognized as works of great cultural, historic or aesthetic significance to the nation’s cinematic heritage. The Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, announced today the annual selection of 25 motion pictures to join the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. They will be preserved as cinematic treasures for generations to come.
"The National Film Registry stands among the finest summations of more than a century of extraordinary American cinema," said Billington. "This key component of American cultural history, however, is endangered, so we must protect the nation’s matchless film heritage and cinematic creativity."
Posted by David Eng at 8:04 AM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: American, film, government, registry
Toronto Film Critics Association announces winners for the 2013 TFCA Awards
Inside Llewyn Davis, Joel and Ethan Coen’s tale of a folk singer making his way through Greenwich Village, 1961, won two top prizes at the 2013 awards of the Toronto Film Critics Association.
Inside Llewyn Davis was named Best Picture, with Oscar Isaac winning the Best Actor prize. In 2007, the Coens received the TFCA’s Best Director award for their film No Country for Old Men, which also won Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor and Best Screenplay.
The awards were voted by the TFCA at a meeting Dec. 15. The membership also chose the three finalists for the Rogers Best Canadian Film Award: The Dirties, directed by Matt Johnson, Gabrielle, directed by Louise Archambault; and Watermark, directed by Jennifer Baichwal and Edward Burtynsky.
Posted by David Eng at 12:00 AM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: awards, critics, film, press, Toronto
289 feature films in contention for 2013 Best Picture Oscar
Two hundred eighty-nine feature films are eligible for the 2013 Academy Awards®, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced today.
To be eligible for 86th Academy Awards consideration, feature films must open in a commercial motion picture theater in Los Angeles County by midnight, December 31, and begin a minimum run of seven consecutive days.
Labels: Academy, American, awards, film, Hollywood, industry, oscars
75 original songs eligible for 2013 Oscar
Seventy-five songs from eligible feature-length motion pictures released in 2013 are in contention for nominations in the Original Song category for the 86th Oscars®, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced today.
The original songs, along with the motion picture in which each song is featured, are listed below in alphabetical order by film title and song title:
Labels: Academy, American, awards, film, Hollywood, industry, music
Film Comment announces 2013 Best of Year lists
Film Comment’s annual end-of-the-year survey of film critics, journalists, film section editors, and past and present contributors was released today with Joel & Ethan Coen’s INSIDE LLEWYN DAVIS, Steve McQueen’s 12 YEARS A SLAVE and Richard Linklater’s BEFORE MIDNIGHT taking the top spots among films released in 2013. Among films that made appearances at film festivals or special screenings worldwide, but haven’t been picked up for stateside distribution as of yet, Philippe Garrel’s JEALOUSY, Tsai Ming-liang’s STRAY DOGS and Joaquim Pinto’s WHAT NOW? REMIND ME received the top rankings.
Labels: American, best of, critics, film, lists, press
2013 Black List of top unproduced screenplays
Franklin Leonard revealed his annual Black List today over Twitter, listing the top unproduced screenplays as voted on by over 250 film executives.
72 scripts were on the list which was topped by Andrew Sodroski’s Holland, Michigan which received mentions from 46 voters. The screenplay tells the story of a woman who suspects her husband is cheating on her.
Labels: American, film, lists, screenwriting, writing
2013 Critics' Choice Movie Awards – nominations
The Broadcast Film Critics Association has announced the nominations for the 19th Annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards.
12 Years a Slave and American Hustle lead the nominees for the 19th annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards, with 13 apiece. Each received nominations that included Best Picture, Best Director, Best Acting Ensemble, Best Actor and Best Screenplay (Adapted and Original respectively). The competing Best Picture nominees were Captain Phillips, Dallas Buyers Club, Gravity, Her, Inside Llewyn Davis, Nebraska, Saving Mr. Banks and The Wolf of Wall Street.
The Critics’ Choice Movie Awards are bestowed annually by the BFCA to honour the finest in cinematic achievement. The BFCA is the largest film critics organization in the United States and Canada, representing more than 280 television, radio and online critics. Eligible films were released in 2013. The accounting firm of CMM, LLP tallied the written ballots.
Labels: American, awards, critics, film, Hollywood, press
7 features advance in race for Makeup and Hairstyling Oscar
BEVERLY HILLS, CA — The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences today announced that seven films remain in competition in the Makeup and Hairstyling category for the 86th Academy Awards®.
The films are listed below in alphabetical order:
Labels: Academy, American, awards, design, film, hairstyling, Hollywood, industry, makeup
114 Original Scores in 2013 Oscar Race
One hundred fourteen scores from eligible feature-length motion pictures released in 2013 are in contention for nominations in the Original Score category for the 86th Oscars®, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced today.
The eligible scores along with their composers are listed below, in alphabetical order by film title:
Labels: Academy, American, awards, film, Hollywood, industry, music, oscars
71st Annual Golden Globe Awards – nominations
The nominees for the 71st Annual Golden Globe Awards were officially unveiled during a ceremony held at the Beverly Hilton Hotel this morning.
The nominations were led by 12 Years A Slave by Steve McQueen and American Hustle by David O. Russell. Both films received seven nominations including Best Picture (Drama and Comedy/Musical respectively), Best Director and screenplay, as well as several acting mentions each.
Surprisingly, Lee Daniels' The Butler was shut out of the nominations entirely. Also shut out were Denis Villeneuve's Prisoners, Ben Stiller's The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, and Ryan Coogler's Fruitvale Station.
Labels: awards, film, Hollywood, International, press, television
2013 Asia Pacific Screen Awards – winners
The Asia Pacific Screen Academy held their 7th Annual Asia Pacific Screen Awards ceremony tonight at Brisbane City Hall in Queensland, Australia.
The awards were distributed somewhat evenly as most winners took only a single award. The top prize of Best Feature went to the Palestinian film Omar by Hany Abu-Assad.
The Best Directing awards was presented to Singapore filmmaker Anthony Chen for Ilo Ilo. The Best Screenplay award was given to Ritesh Batra for The Lunchbox. He also picked up a Grand Jury Prize.
The Best Documentary Feature award went to The Act of Killing by Joshua Oppenheimer, Christine Cynn and anonymous Indonesian directors.
Labels: Asian, awards, film, industry, International
Screen Actors Guild announced SAG Awards 2013 nominations
Nominees for the 20th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards® for outstanding performances in 2013 in five film and eight television categories as well as the SAG Awards honors for outstanding action performances by film and television stunt ensembles were announced this morning in Los Angeles at the Pacific Design Center’s SilverScreen Theater in West Hollywood.
SAG-AFTRA President Ken Howard introduced Sasha Alexander (TNT’s “Rizzoli & Isles” and the 20th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards Social Media Ambassador) and Clark Gregg (“Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D”) who announced the nominees for this year’s Actors®. SAG Awards Committee Vice Chair Daryl Anderson and Committee Member Woody Schultzannounced the stunt ensemble nominees.
Labels: acting, American, awards, film, guild, Hollywood, industry, television
Short Film program announced for 2014 Sundance Film Festival
Sundance Institute announced today the program of short films selected to screen at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival, January 16-26 in Park City, Salt Lake City, Ogden and Sundance, Utah. The 2014 Short Film program is comprised of 66 short films selected from a record 8,161 submissions (59 more than for the 2013 Festival).
Trevor Groth, Director of Programming for the Sundance Film Festival, said, “The Short Film program for the 2014 Sundance Film Festival features an astonishing array of new stories, viewpoints and filmmaking talent, positioning it at the core of our work to discover and share independent perspectives on our culture and world.”
The Short Film program is presented by YouTube.
U.S. NARRATIVE SHORT FILMS
Labels: American, festival, film, independent, International, shorts
Sundance announces Premieres And Documentary Premieres for 2014 Sundance Film Festival
Sundance Institute announced today the films selected to screen in the out-of-competition Premieres and Documentary Premieres sections of the 2014 Sundance Film Festival, January 16-26 in Park City, Salt Lake City, Ogden and Sundance, Utah.
John Cooper, Director of the Sundance Film Festival, said, “The Premieres and Documentary Premieres sections of the 2014 Sundance Film Festival feature new work from many established independent filmmakers who began their careers at our Festival years ago, which allows us to reflect on the impact, legacy and growth of the independent film movement over the past 30 years.”
Trevor Groth, Director of Programming for the Sundance Film Festival, said, “In many of the films selected for our 2014 Sundance Film Festival, we see fascinating characters and subjects throughout. Whether portrayed by recognized actors taking on more challenging and diverse roles, or in the stranger-than-fiction reality of our documentaries, we look forward to sharing these incredible stories with audiences at our Festival.”
Labels: American, festival, film, independent, Sundance
American Film Institute announces AFI Awards 2013 official selections
The American Film Institute (AFI) today announced the official selections of AFI AWARDS 2013 – 10 outstanding films and 10 outstanding television programs deemed culturally and artistically representative of the year's most significant achievements in the art of the moving image.
An almanac documenting works of excellence that mark a moment in time, AFI AWARDS is also the only national honor for the community's creative ensembles as a whole, acknowledging the collaborative nature of the art form. Honorees are selected based on works which best advance the art of the moving image, enhance the rich cultural heritage of America's art form, inspire audiences and artists alike, and/or make a mark on American society.
Labels: American, awards, film, Hollywood, industry, lists, television
16th Moët British Independent Film Awards – winners
British talent turned out this evening for the 16th Moët British Independent Film Awards. The winners were announced at the star-studded ceremony, held at Old Billingsgate which was hosted by BIFA Winning actor James Nesbitt.
For the first time, the lucky winners took home the brand new iconic award designed by Fredrikson Stallard and created by Swarovski. The awards ceremony was streamed live exclusively online at www.film3sixty.com/moetbifa
Best British Independent Film was won by METRO MANILA with the film’s director Sean Ellis picking up Best Director. Lindsay Duncan won Best Actress for LE WEEK-END and James McAvoy won Best Actor for FILTH. Imogen Poots collected her BIFA for Best Supporting Actress for THE LOOK OF LOVE and Ben Mendelsohn took home Best Supporting Actor for STARRED UP.
METRO MANILA won the most awards on the night, picking up three trophies for Best Achievement in Production and as previously mentioned Best Director award and Best British Independent Film.
Labels: awards, European, film, independent, industry
26th European Film Awards – winners
The more than 2,900 members of the European Film Academy - filmmakers from across Europe - have voted for this year’s European Film Awards.
The main winner of the night was Paolo Sorrentino's La Grande Bellezza (The Great Beauty). It won for Best European Film as well as European Director, European Actor (Toni Servillo) and European Editor.
The European Film Awards 2013 are presented by the European Film Academy e.V. and EFA Productions gGmbH. Public supporters: FFA German Federal Film Board, German State Lottery Berlin, German State Minister for Culture and the Media, MEDIA Programme of the EU, Medienboard Berlin-Brandenburg. Private partners: 40seconds, Alois Dallmayr Gastro-Service GmbH & Co KG, Aveda, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, GLS, Hôtel Concorde Berlin, M∙A∙C, Mast-Jägermeister SE and ŠKODA AUTO Deutschland GmbH.
At the awards ceremony in Berlin the following awards were presented:
Labels: Academy, European, film, industry, International
2013 International Documentary Awards – winners
Winners in the 2013 IDA Documentary Awards were announced during last night's program at the Directors Guild of America, giving Jehane Noujaim's The Square top honors with the Best Feature Award. The first major film acquisition by Netflix, The Square follows a group of Egyptian activists as they battle leaders and regimes, and risk their lives to build a new society of conscience.
Also announced in the ceremony was the Best Short Award, which honored Slomo, directed by Josh Izenberg. An inspirational portrait of neurologist turned rollerblader, Dr. John Kitchin, Slomo has been an audience favorite at festivals around the world garnering a number of audience and jury awards.
During the ceremony, which was hosted by comedian and award-winning stage and screen actor, Paul Provenza, two series awards were also presented. The Best Continuing Series Award went to the PBS series Independent Lens. Now in its 12th season, the weekly series features original documentary films made by some of the best independent filmmakers working today. The Best Limited Series Award went to the CNN Original Series Inside Man, hosted by Oscar®-nominated documentary filmmaker Morgan Spurlock.
Labels: awards, documentary, film, industry, International
56th Grammy Awards – nominees
JAY Z LEADS NOMINATIONS WITH NINE; KENDRICK LAMAR, MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS, JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE, AND PHARRELL WILLIAMS EACH EARN SEVEN; DRAKE AND BOB LUDWIG EACH GARNER FIVE
SARA BAREILLES, DAFT PUNK, KENDRICK LAMAR, MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS, AND TAYLOR SWIFT VIE FOR ALBUM OF THE YEAR AT THE 56TH ANNUAL GRAMMY AWARDS JAN. 26, 2014, LIVE ON CBS
LOS ANGELES (Dec. 06, 2013) — Nominations for the 56th Annual GRAMMY Awards were announced tonight by The Recording Academy and reflected one of the most diverse years with the Album Of The Year category alone representing the rap, pop, country and dance/electronica genres, as determined by the voting members of The Academy. Once again, nominations in select categories for the annual GRAMMY Awards were announced on primetime television as part of "The GRAMMY Nominations Concert Live!! — Countdown To Music's Biggest Night," a one-hour CBS entertainment special broadcast live from Nokia Theatre L.A. LIVE. The 56th Annual GRAMMY Awards will be held on "GRAMMY Sunday," Jan. 26, 2014, at STAPLES Center in Los Angeles and once again will be broadcast live in high-definition TV and 5.1 surround sound on CBS from 8 – 11:30 p.m. (ET/PT). For updates and breaking news, please visit The Recording Academy's social networks on Twitter and Facebook.
Posted by David Eng at 11:32 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Academy, American, awards, industry, International, music
The Shortest Day Film Celebration – free short films across Canada, Dec 21
Three partner organizations, the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), Telefilm Canada and Quebec’s Société de développement des entreprises culturelles (SODEC), have joined their efforts so that audiences across Canada can take part this year in The Shortest Day Short Film Celebration, an event started by the Centre national du cinéma et de l’image (CNC) in France that has now spread to some 20 other countries. This free event, dedicated to the promotion and screening of short films, is a first for North America and is presented with the support of the CNC. It offers an entertaining way of welcoming the winter solstice—the shortest day of the year—on December 21.
The Shortest Day Short Film Celebration will feature screenings of more than 30 Canadian shorts organized into four thematic programs: Kids, Family, Comedy/Dark Humour and Festival Films. These films reflect the diversity of this very contemporary art form, a genre that is becoming more and more popular in this era of Facebook, YouTube and smartphones.
Labels: Canadian, film, free, Québec, shorts
10 Contenders Remain in VFX Oscar Race
BEVERLY HILLS, CA — The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences today announced that 10 films remain in the running in the Visual Effects category for the 86th Oscars®.
Labels: Academy, awards, film, Hollywood, industry, oscars, visual effects
Sundance 2014 announces Spotlight, Park City at Midnight, ‘Sundance Kids’, and New Frontier programs
Sundance Institute Announces Films in Spotlight, Park City at Midnight and New ‘Sundance Kids’ Section for 2014 Sundance Film Festival
30th Anniversary of the Sundance Film Festival
Park City, UT — Sundance Institute announced today the films selected to screen in the 2014 Sundance Film Festival out-of-competition sections Spotlight, Park City at Midnight and new ‘Sundance Kids’ section of films for younger audiences. The Festival takes place January 16-26 in Park City, Salt Lake City, Ogden and Sundance, Utah.
Trevor Groth, Director of Programming for the Sundance Film Festival, said, “The films in the sections announced today round out our 2014 Sundance Film Festival program and further reflect the depth and diversity of modern independent filmmaking that will satisfy everyone from festival fledglings to fanatics.”
Labels: American, children, festival, film, independent, installation, International, Sundance
Sundance Institute Announces Films in U.S. and World Competitions, NEXT <=> for 2014 Sundance Film Festival
30th Anniversary of the Sundance Film Festival will Feature 118 Feature-Length Films
Park City, UT — Sundance Institute announced today the films selected for the U.S. and World Cinema Dramatic and Documentary Competitions and the out-of-competition NEXT <=> section of the 2014 Sundance Film Festival, January 16-26 in Park City, Salt Lake City, Ogden and Sundance, Utah.
Robert Redford, President & Founder of Sundance Institute said, “That the Festival has evolved and grown as it has over the past 30 years is a credit to both our audiences and our artists, who continue to find ways to take risks and open our minds to the power of story. This year's films and artists promise to do the same.”
Keri Putnam, Executive Director of Sundance Institute, said, “We are energized by the rich diversity of voices, characters and places represented in the films selected for our 2014 Sundance Film Festival. Independent filmmakers continue to engage us with stories from worlds both intimately familiar and unknown.”
Labels: American, festival, film, independent, International, Sundance
TIFF reveals Canada's Top Ten Films of 2013
Star-studded festival includes film screenings, filmmaker Q&As and special onstage conversations with Denis Villeneuve, Jake Gyllenhaal and John Greyson
TORONTO – Tonight TIFF kicked off its celebration of the best in Canadian film with the announcement of the feature and short film selections for the 13th annual Canada’s Top Ten Film Festival. The 10-day festival runs January 3 to 12, 2014 at TIFF Bell Lightbox and features public screenings of the selected films, accompanied by introductions and Q&A sessions with filmmakers. On January 5, the Canada’s Top Ten Film Festival welcomes Academy Award-nominees Denis Villeneuve and Jake Gyllenhaal to TIFF Bell Lightbox to discuss their recent collaborations. The festival will conclude on January 12 with an onstage conversation between Canadian filmmaker John Greyson and Toronto International Film Festival Artistic Director Cameron Bailey. These announcements were made at an industry event in Toronto hosted by Steve Patterson (CBC’s The Debaters). Established in 2001, the Canada’s Top Ten Film Festival celebrates excellence in Canadian cinema and raises global awareness of Canadian achievements in film.
Labels: Canadian, festival, film, International, lists, TIFF, Toronto
15 Feature Documentaries advance in 2013 Oscar Race
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences today announced that 15 films in the Documentary Feature category will advance in the voting process for the 86th Oscars® . One hundred forty-seven films had originally qualified in the category.
The Act of Killing, The Square and Stories We Tell are among the 15 films that have made the Oscar shortlist for documentary features, the Academy announced on Monday.
Labels: Academy, awards, documentary, film, Hollywood, industry, International
2013 Annie Awards – nominations
The International Animated Film Society, ASIFA-Hollywood, announced nominations today for its 41st Annual Annie Awards recognizing the year's best in the field of animation. The Annie Awards cover 30 categories and include Best Animated Feature, Best Animated Special Production, Commercials, Short and Outstanding Individual Achievements.
The slate of nominations for Best Animated Features this year include: A Letter to Momo (GKIDS), Despicable Me 2 (Universal Pictures), Ernest & Celestine (GKIDS), Frozen (Walt Disney Animation Studios), Monsters University (Pixar Animation Studios), The Croods (DreamWorks Animations), and The Wind Rises (Studio Ghibli and The Walt Disney Studios).
"I am very excited about this year's slate of nominees!" remarked ASIFA-Hollywood president,Frank Gladstone. "We had more submissions to choose from this year running the gamut from big studio features to indie films, television series to internet shows, games, shorts and student films, as well as a wonderful group of juried award recipients, all showcasing the huge variety of venues, creativity, technical innovation and story-telling that our art form has to offer."
Labels: animation, awards, film, Hollywood, industry, International
2013 IPA Satellite Awards – nominations
The International Press Academy has announces its slate of nominations for the 18th annual IPA Satellite Awards.
Leading the field with 10 nominations was Steve McQueen’s historical drama 12 Years a Slave. It was followed by Alfonso Cuaron’s Gravity and David O. Russell’s American Hustle, each with eight nominations apiece. All three were nominated for Best Motion Picture.
The other Best Motion Picture nominees were Inside Llewyn Davis by the Coen brothers, Philomena by Stephen Frears, The Wolf of Wall Street by Martin Scorsese, Saving Mr. Banks by John Lee Hancock, All Is Lost by J.C. Chandor, and Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine.
Labels: Academy, awards, film, International, press, television
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Armstrong Williams
Armstrong Williams is a political commentator, author, entrepreneur and founder of Howard Strirk Holdings, which creates multifarious content relative to politics, entertainment and topics of social and cultural relevance. With seven television stations as subsidiaries and plans for growth, the Federal Communications Committee designates Armstrong Williams the largest minority owner of broadcast television stations in the United States.
Williams is a partner in Chateau Eze Hotel in the South of France in addition to real estate holdings throughout the U.S. He also holds a live radio show Monday-Friday on Sirius XM and hosts a national broadcast network TV show on Sinclair Broadcast Group and Howard Stirk Holdings affiliates. Williams was the business manager and current advisor to world-renowned neurosurgeon Dr. Benjamin Carson.
In 2016, Armstrong Williams was recognized by the Multicultural Media Correspondents as their Media Owner of the Year. Armstrong Williams is also warmly recognized for starting the Howard Stirk Holdings Media Fellows and D.C. Opportunity Media Scholarship. He donated $250,000.00 to his alma mater South Carolina State University in March, 2017.
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As we approach the 243rd year since our nation's founding, there are signs of decline. One of the mo... Read More
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View More from Armstrong Williams
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The East End of Galveston Island contains a precious and increasingly rare ecology. The 684 acres are one of Galveston's largest undeveloped spaces, including one of the few remaining sizable tracts of coastal prairie. The site contains both tidal and nontidal wetlands, beach dunes, a freshwater pond, black mangroves and upland prairie, along with an extensive marine coastline.
The site serves as a refuge to a wide range of animals, including a tremendous variety of birds. The wetlands and lagoon support a variety of food sources that attract many species of birds. Raptors hunt in the grassy uplands, which also serve as a breeding ground and place to winter for other birds. Sandpipers and plovers pick along the sandy edges of the lagoon and ship channel, and large flocks of gulls, pelicans, terns and cormorants often cover the sandbars on the beach.
The site serves as a habitat for other animals such as a variety of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates.
While the site currently serves as critical habitat for many species, much work still needs to done. Habitats such as coastal prairie, wetland, dunes and the lagoon will be enhanced by removing invasive species and debris, and by adding native plant materials.
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Stage Adaptations of Novels: ‘Affordances’ of Theatre in Two Stage Adaptations of Kafa’s Metamorphosis
Jane SUNDERLAND
Theatre – whether in the form of an ‘adaptation’ or not – is theatre. Following much of the current critical literature on flm adaptations (e.g. Bortolotti and Hutcheon, 2007; Leitch, 2008; Hutcheon, 2006), in this paper I am therefore rejecting as far as possible any sort of ‘fdelity discourse’, i.e. that the stage adaptation should be ‘faithful’ to its novel sourcetext in terms of plot, characters, dialogue and resolution, or even, arguably, in ‘theme’ or spirit. In some ways a stage adaptation, as a recontextualisation in a new medium, cannot be faithful to its sourcetext, in part because of the ‘epistemological commitments’ (Kress, 2003) of theatre. More interestingly and constructively, I argue that because of theatre’s multiple and enriching ‘affordances’ (Bezemer and Kress, 2008), many of which are not shared with the novel, it should not even try. I illustrate this with two non-deferential stage adaptations of Kafka’s Metamorphosis, to both of which the affordance of digitalisation is key. In one, a small TV-like screen facilitates representations of interiority (long seen as a challenge for theatre). In the other, sophisticated and extensive digital projection allows abstract and concrete images which go beyond visual enhancement of the mise en scène to foregrounding aspects of this particular retelling, and which give an appropriate nod to modernity and, in both the narrow (e.g. technological) and broad senses, to the value of change.
Keywords: affordance, epistemological commitment, Kafka, stage adaptation
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November 20, 2009, - 4:07 pm
Buh-Bye, Oprah & DLtDHYotWO*
Yesterday, word leaked that Oprah Winfrey was to announce, today, that her daytime TV talk show would end in September 2011.
(Oprah artwork by Six Meat Buffet/Preston Taylor Holmes)
Many readers have asked me about this, since I own the domain name/URL OprahSucks.com, and since I regularly monitor and lambaste the propaganda spews forth on her show and in her magazine with my regular “HOprah Watch” updates. My criticism of Oprah has appeared on FOX News, MSNBC, and USA Today, among other mainstream media outlets. And I’ve taken to calling her by a more appropriate title, “HRHSBotU”–Her Royal Highness Supreme Being of the Universe. Though, I’m not sure if even the universe can contain that undue ego.
Frankly, I’m happy to see Oprah go. And here’s why:
Her daytime talk show made her THE most influential woman in America, if not the world, and probably THE most influential person in America. And Oprah’s influence isn’t a good thing. Her careless, irresponsible words made the bottom of of the beef market fall out, and she bankrupted some ranchers. Far-left and New Age books she promotes and chooses for her book club hit the top of best-seller lists. And her “Oprah’s Favorite Things” shows make market hits out of obscure products Americans don’t need, but she creates the wants . . . at the same time as she contradicts herself and lectures viewers to cut down on their spending and excesses (which she never does for herself).
But it’s not just her ability to affect–and harm–markets that bothers me about Oprah. It’s something far worse. It’s that American Presidential candidates of both parties (Bush and Gore) were forced to pander to her, go on her show, and kiss her cheek. And it’s the empty European lifestyle she pimps on America. When telling Cameron Diaz she opposed marriage, Oprah proclaimed “We’ve evolved beyond that. We’re a different species.” We are? Last time I checked, we’re still homo sapiens and mammals. But I could be wrong. Maybe scientist Oprah knows better.
And that’s the thing. She doesn’t. But mindless women (and Mr. Moms and gay men) across America buy the junk science and quack “medicine” and health advice she pushes on her show. They also buy into her hatred of men and her portrayal of them as porn addicts, murderers, child molesters, rapists, adulterers, and otherwise all-around louts. And then, there’s the only “man” she does like. No, not Stedman (Stedman Graham, whom many suspect is her beard). No, not Gayle (Gayle King, her BFF whom many suspect is her real, um “significant other”). We’re talking about Barack Obama, whom she used her show to glorify to mindless Americans who later pulled his lever at the polls.
And don’t forget that Oprah launched several syndicated shows that are almost as harmful and which will outlast her own. Dr. Phil a/k/a Dr. Feel’s honky-tonk psychobabble and Dr. Oz’s junk science medicine pollute our daytime TV airwaves all because of her. Her legacy is bunk and producing more bunk for America to mindlessly and eagerly absorb. Thank G-d for the internet, which has reduced TV viewers and softened the blow . . . somewhat.
Yes, I will miss Oprah fodder for my site. But that isn’t worth the pan-Islamic, pro-Palestinian propaganda frequently on display during her show or the many lies she told about life in Cuba, HPV vaccines for girls, and global warming. Nor is it worth Dr. Oprah’s recommendation to mothers to buy their teen daughters vibrators.
But while she’s not the scholar in all things (or anything at all) that she self-portrays on her show, Oprah is no dummy. She’s definitely smart–smart at marketing herself and her endeavors. She announced she’s quitting her daytime talk show now, so it will raise ratings for the rest of the run, especially when the end is near and her new Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), her cable channel partnership with Discovery Channels, is set to begin broadcasting in January 2011. I predict her daytime TV talk show will start prostituting OWN like there’s no tomorrow. But it won’t help her keep the ego-boosting influence and power she has now.
Once the daytime TV talk show ends, thankfully, Oprah’s influence will die, though not completely and not enough. I predict her influence will mirror that of Howard Stern’s declining influence, once he left terrestrial radio. You never hear about him anymore, unless he’s getting married or disclosing that he once had a nose job. He’s dying for attention and influence and not getting it. Not enough of it to keep him happy. Yes, money can’t buy everything. Power is priceless. And Oprah’s giving up quite a bit of power, though she wants to leave as “undefeated champion” while some women are actually still watching TV (the audience continues to shrink away due to the internet and more women working, etc.).
There’s no way OWN, her new cable channel will reach the audience she had in syndication on broadcast television. The channel will be duplicative of elements of the Lifetime Channel, BET, E!, Style, and Al Gore’s left-wing channel. So, it’s hard to see how her new channel will be able to compete effectively against these long established channels, unless she poaches their best stuff. Even that won’t be enough. Brainless lefty Lisa Ling announced she will have a show on OWN. How many people are dying to watch Lisa Ling shill for HAMAS while ripping on polygamist Mormons (and ignoring Muslim ones), the way they couldn’t wait for the next episode of “The Sopranos” or “Mad Men“?
Yes, Oprah will still have her “O” magazine and satellite radio channel. But those were largely dependent upon her daytime talk show for promotion. And not everything Oprah touched–even with her show promoting it–was a success. Her “O at Home” magazine, in which she tried to compete with Martha Stewart and interior design style magazines, was a failure and folded. Her movie, “Beloved,” which she promoted heavily on her show–over a decade ago, when she had far more viewers than she now has–was an utter box office failure. She lost a role she desperately wanted in the movie, “Doubt” (read my review), to a barely known actress. With OWN, she’ll be far more obscure and even less effective. (I can’t wait!) And she’ll long the kind of spotlight and power she had with her daytime show.
As Lord Acton once said, “Power tends to corrupt. Absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
Oprah is absolutely corrupted. (And I don’t just mean her racist lording it over White people that she’s their boss.) So, I’m glad to see her go, even if it’s not completely. And even if it will mean I will have less rubbish to have fun kicking around on this site. This woman cannot disappear soon enough. It’s well past time, and America may never recover from her ravages. 25 seasons of propaganda and baloney inculcated into mushy minds is difficult to reverse. Still, something to cheer: her broadcast TV end is near. Also to applaud: decades from now, she will be a speck of dust and not a piece–even a tiny crumb–of American history. She achieved nothing for America.
Buh-Bye, Oprah. And DLtDHYotWO–* Don’t Let the Door Hit You on the Way Out.
Tags: daytime talk show, daytime tv talk show, HOprah Watch, Oprah, Oprah quitting, Oprah Winfrey, Oprah Winfrey Network, Oprah Winfrey Show, OWN, quitting, talk show
Posted in Blog Posts, Columns, Movies & Entertainment / Celebrities
I couldn’t wait to read your post about Oprah’s semi retirement. Of course I remember just last week the severe tongue lashing I recieved for mistakenly suggesting there may be a hint of jealousy in your tone toward anything Oprah. You forgot to mention anoyher somewhat failure of hers pertaining to her school for girls in Africa. I dislike her no men allowed attitude but when I read that some of the girls had beeen sexually molested by some instructors on site this had to be a huge disappointment. Maybe even reminded Oprah of her uncles and cousins repeatedly raping her as a young girl. Which may also be the reason for her disdain in men. I’m no doctor but its a theory. I’m glad she’s finally calling it quits I didn’t appreciate her influence over B.O.’s candidancy for president.
seahawker on November 20, 2009 at 11:29 pm
I’m skeptical. I doubt she will go away. She’s such an egomaniac she won’t be able to live out of the worship of her gullible goofs.
How brilliant of her to announce so far ahead that now every celeb and politician in existence can come on her show and tell her how great she is.
She had the dumbest show in TV history to me. I could only watch about 2 minutes and I had to turn the channel. It was mind numbingly stupid.
I’ll never ever understand how she got to be so popular.
Oh, and don’t forget she foisted the equally moronic Rachael Ray on us, too.
Jeff W. on November 20, 2009 at 11:37 pm
Good riddance to bad rubbish…take your other “O” buddy with you, please.
You and the President can co-star in the new Hitchcock comedy:
DIAL “M” FOR MORONS
Sylvia on November 20, 2009 at 11:53 pm
pat on November 21, 2009 at 1:28 am
yeah, lambast her good! as lord goldman said: “it requires less mental effort to condemn than to think.”
Frist-full of embryos on November 21, 2009 at 2:11 am
Don’t know anything about Oprah, nor do I care, but maybe this is good for the country. When millions of women are no longer pay attention to Oprah’s views, maybe the average IQ of the U.S. will rise a few points.
Jarhead on November 21, 2009 at 9:45 am
Oprah did some good with her charities, but the immense damage done with her New Age gospel far out weighs any of that good. She has corrupted more than she has consoled and comforted.
Hermster on November 21, 2009 at 10:00 am
My first thought when I heard the news? Why is she waiting until 2011? Why not leave now? Never watched it more than the clips that made it to prime time news for whatever reason. As Debbie says, very dangerous philosophies emanate from Oprah. Bad thing is, the devil will raise up someone to take her place to continue to spew…and mindless, gullible women will suck it up. No wonder America is so screwed.
Floyd R Turbo on November 21, 2009 at 12:01 pm
Because it gives her almost 2 years to “changer her mind” the way she did in 2001 and at least two other times she announced retirement to come in two more years.
Watch and see if it happens.
MK750 on November 21, 2009 at 12:41 pm
Oprah is waiting because she has a multi-million dollar contract with her current syndicator to continue to produce the show until 2011. She may be announcing it now because the folks at Discovery let it slip out a week or so ago, which kind of forced her hand. Since her viewership dropped dramatically after her big Obama push last year, she’d be lucky to get anywhere near the same kind of money from her syndicator on the next contract. Basically, put a fork in Oprah – she’s done!
DG in GA on November 23, 2009 at 4:19 pm
She may never have been anywhere as successful, if it hadn’t been for the “success” of the equally vile,preachy fellow Leftist, Phil Donohue, running 30 insufferable years.
Phineas on November 21, 2009 at 12:01 pm
I stopped watching Oprah probably 4 or 5 years ago when she brought her favorite Illinois politician, Barack Obama to hawk his first book on her show. She has said over the years that she would never bring on politicians, yet she’s had Arnold Schwarzenegger, his wife Maria Shriver, then Barack and Michelle Obama. Oprah had invited her friends the Obama’s to appear on her show to sell his latest book in 2005 or 2006. It was very clear to me from the beginning of that interview that he was a politician-contemplating running for a higher political office. She had always promised her audience that she would never do that, promote a politician on her show. She broke that promise at least three times to her audience.
She also supported Arnold Schwarzenegger run for Governor of California because of her deep friendship with Maria. Granted, Arnold Schwarzenegger ran as a conservative Republican but has since showed us his true spots that he is a Republican in name only (who would have thought the Terminator would be pussy whipped?). I was angry when she brought Arnold Schwarzenegger on and they didn’t talk about the movie business but California politics. Strike one for Oprah, then she bring the Obama’s on and it was strike 2. I emailed her show telling her she broke her promise to her audience. I received a responds that was just a typical response that was thank you for watching my show letter. That was strike 3 for me and I have never watched her since.
Unfortunately, it is not the end, only a change. She will be creating her own cable channel, will distribute the show herself, and not used Kings World (although they were the ones that made her a millionaire/billionaire through a contract with her) to do it for her. I guess you could call change you can believe in.
Eileen on November 21, 2009 at 1:37 pm
Again MT.HOprah is trash and the people who watch her are trash. You are so right that HOprah is the most influential lady in the country if not the world. But then you said she wont be a “piece of history”. I disagree she made history but in the wrong way. Books will be written about her and schools will be named after this nag. And because of this we got KING HUSSEIN OBAMA. Before the ascent of HUSSEIN OBAMA, he was not considered Black by the Black community. Hillary was leading in the polls early on in the Black community. Then HOprah changed things. She made it comfortable for all Blacks to rally for Obama. Her endorsement gave him the Democratic primary, albeit stolen. She was part of guilting Americans into voting for him. She could run for Senate in Illinois and win.
The reason for her popularity is no one seriously challenged her voice. In her 25 years no one came on her show and challenged her. She wouldn’t allow it. Questioning HOprah was a sin. Hollywood made her the go to lady for what women should be thinking. I don’t think she will go quietly. I think she will anoint a new ‘Oprah’. Her ego is too big to allow all that influence go away. So the ‘son’ or ‘daughter’ of HOprah will carry the torch. I don’t we will be saved from HOprah influence. She will get the medal of honor from Hussein Obama, be nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Who knows, if HUSSEIN OBAMA can win it for doing nothing, so can HOprah.
Funny HOprah clips
http://www.clamshare.com/v/502_the_soup_oprah_11609_
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gE0QRkf0ggQ
CaliforniaScreaming on November 21, 2009 at 6:11 pm
Maybe Oprah is leaving in 2011 to prepare for Dec. 21, 2012. Just kidding, but wouldn’t surprise me if Oprah thought 2012 is the end of the world as we know it. And she’s getting her underground establishment/bunker in living shape. And want’s to oversee the operation. One never knows with Oprah.
Tenn Scholar on November 21, 2009 at 6:36 pm
You are right about the size of her audience getting much lower on cable. Her primary target is the free over the air tv audience. She is headed to SoCal to enjoy the billions she made from capitalism, while pushing her Marxist agenda.
Bonzer Wolf on November 21, 2009 at 6:48 pm
Oinkprah, you just gonna get older and uglier.
Don’t let your fat ass smash the door on your way out.
demonneant on November 21, 2009 at 6:54 pm
Judge Judge has at least double the audience of Oprhaha.
Liberal Media Is Corrupt on November 23, 2009 at 3:05 pm
If this hOprah type of crap was all that was on TV (and too much of it is) I wouldn’t even have an Idiot Box in my home.
25 years too late in my opinion.
dOprah, I hope never again to see ya and even with your billions I wouldn’t wanna be ya. And yes, puhleeeeeeeeeeeeze take the other hO with you. I’d like to say it’s been real, it’s been fun, it’s been real fun!…but I’m not a lying SoS like you. Ciao’ Baby!
theShadow on November 21, 2009 at 7:43 pm
Does anyone believe her ego will allow her to stay away for long?
I_AM_ME on November 21, 2009 at 9:08 pm
I only wish you could read my words Queen Oprah….GO F YOURSELF!….good riddance to you and all the CRAP you have dropped on us…your day is fast approaching.
BIG IRISH on November 21, 2009 at 11:09 pm
The timing bothers me. I think she struck a deal with Obama and she will be running for a political post which will bring disaster to the country if she wins.
Daniel. on November 22, 2009 at 1:25 am
dOprah in politics, now that’s scary.
She’s probably reached the point where money’s not enough, she wants power, power that only politics can bring.
We already have too many idiots in Washington right now, don’t you think?
theShadow on November 22, 2009 at 1:44 am
It’s all a ploy. Get people to rush in thinking the end of her show is near, then reset the plug. She’s way too smart to be falling for the same sorts of traps that guys like Stern fall for.
Honkey Fried on November 22, 2009 at 2:58 am
So glad that I can say, ” I never watched her show”.
cthelight on November 22, 2009 at 9:19 am
If only we could truly be rid of the blight that is Hoprah. I have a feeling she’s going to keep turning up like dog sh*t. We won’t be able to get away from her.
My wish is that she retire to her mansion in Montecito with her girlfriend and never be heard from again.
lexi on November 22, 2009 at 12:04 pm
Who ARE the morons who watch Oprah, anyhow?
Maybe she’s planning on taking over from Obama in 2012.
tempus fugit on November 22, 2009 at 12:19 pm
Get her gone, I say. Here’s your hat, what’s your hurry? Why does she have to wait to do something good? All these years and this is the best news to come out of her mouth that I have heard. Is it possible that Palin got to her and she has seen the error of her previous ways and is planning a conversion to Judaism? Christianity, Kabbalism? Mysticism? Dianetics? Never once have I seen one of her shows in entirety, but I have personally seen the effects of what her philosophy can have on someone. I wonder if it is possible she could be replaced by someone worse? Gloria Feldt perhaps? Jodie Evans? Or some other by-product of her gutter minded derangement syndrome? The best way to get rid of her and keep others who think like her from slipping back in is to shut off her show when it airs and convince every other American to do the same….works for me…
Mewize on November 22, 2009 at 4:04 pm
I’m pretty confident you’ll still have enough ‘women’s issues’ stuff for your blog. First, maybe Oprah will ‘change her mind’. This could just be a publicity stunt.
But even if it isn’t, Oprah reflects a dumbing down and coarsening of civilized standards in society, so if she isn’t there, another ‘trend-setter’ or more precisely trend-lowerer will emerge.
Goodbye HOprah, you pathetic poverty pimptress.
debbie morgan on November 23, 2009 at 6:41 am
My mother for one!
Bob Porrazzo on November 23, 2009 at 6:50 am
I was on to Oprah and her “Victim” show years ago. I’m sorry to see that because the population of the US has been so ‘dumbed down’ that they would actually waste time watching her or be influenced by her opinions. So long.
Carole on November 23, 2009 at 8:10 am
Okra, I mean DOprah.
Emily on November 23, 2009 at 8:56 am
Good riddance to this egomaniac moron. She was instrumental in giving us the worst president ever elected, how will we ever measure how much damage she has done the country?
Maybe now she will stop pretending and come out of the closet.
Nick on November 23, 2009 at 2:19 pm
I didn’t know you had a website called OprahSucks!!
For my sister’s 50 birthday I had tee shirts made that say OPRAH SUCKS
It is interesting how in recent years bad things start with the letter “O.” Oprah, Obama, Osama. Oprah’s year-long farewell tour has the potential of ending like Cher’s “Farewell Tour” a number of years ago. It wasn’t her farewell tour. Although getting rid of her is one of the best things to happen it holds the potential of leading to one of the worst things. What if . . . what if at the end of 2010 she announces that while she is leaving the show, the show will continue with a new host. Michelle Obama!!! Yiiiiiiikes. We all know Oprah can’t just go away. Her hot air balloon size ego requires a lot of feeding. Next year will be a weekly walk-down-memory-lane of her so-called best and most memorable shows, ending with the crown Jewel of the Obama’s. Then in 2011 coming to an arena or stadium near you she will take her Big Farewell on tour.
Gary on November 23, 2009 at 3:26 pm
I think i maybe watched 3 minutes of any of her shows! and that was just as i was looking to see what was on! That was about as bad as bubba clinton being on the Assinio hall show! In a way it was kind of ironic if you think about it! Bubba blowing something on that show!LOL!
mike c on November 23, 2009 at 5:24 pm
I watched a few minutes of her show once (at the hospital) and I had to get up and walk into the other room. She was all about the fluff. And schmaltz.
I did love her performance in The Color Purple.
Joe Schmo on November 23, 2009 at 6:07 pm
Opie….say it ain’t so. BoooHoooooooooooooooo. In two years I will have to find a real babysitter.
Flavio Garcia on November 23, 2009 at 9:14 pm
I am glad the racist is gone! She proved it with her statement that the reason that she did not have Sarah Palin on is she FINALLY after not supporting any candidates for president supported this one. I have to ask, what makes this one different than any others? Hmmmm.
http://livingfortruth.wordpress.com/2009/10/24/questions-need-to-be-answered-in-health-care-debate/
livingfortruth on November 23, 2009 at 10:03 pm
She is a disgrace. It’s her fault Obama is president. She should be ashamed of herself. I’m sure she realizes the error she made in judgment. She seems miserable. I stopped watching her show years ago. I never watched it regularly, but something happened a few years ago that made it even worse. It was always borderline with me, I could watch the first twenty minutes at first (about once a week) and then I would turn it off. But then something happened, and I couldn’t even watch it that much. Good riddance, Oprah professor of Victim Studies, Let’s Bum Everyone Out. Still, she is sort of inspiring. I mean if Oprah of all people can get somewhere, the rest of us surely can.
Julia NYC on November 23, 2009 at 10:40 pm
You, ma’am, pull no punches, and your posts are one crushing blow to the left after another. Keep up the good work. I’ll keep reading it.
Nills M-Town on November 24, 2009 at 12:29 am
Oprah lost me years ago, as did Martha Stewart and the rest of the day time mush group. Hopefully the View will be next.
Jane A. on November 24, 2009 at 3:52 am
Oprah’s Frankenstein Dr. Phil may have beguiled an audience the US but his recent tour to Australia was a massive dud. Thinking that Aussies may have fallen for his TV act promoters launched a massive campaign to sell tickets to his appearances in big stadiums. Ticket sales were dismal and they couldn’t even give them away. Seems like this phoney baloney stuff is best confined to the borders of the US where, it seems, there’s a sucker born every minute.
Jack Stack on November 24, 2009 at 9:13 am
That’s be about every 15 seconds, mate.
Alarmed Pig Farmer on April 29, 2011 at 3:06 pm
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It’s assuring! Study finds Indian daters to be gender sensitive
November 27, 2018 admin Gender 0
By Shubham Ghosh
New Delhi : The high rate of crime against women and the wave caused by the more recent #MeToo movement might have tainted India’s image all over, but a recent study has come with a pleasantly startling fact and it says that Indians approach the gender equations in relationships sensitively than anybody had thought, Mashable India reported.
Representational Image
OkCupid asked about gender roles in relationships to millennials and how they perceive the #MeToo movement and the results were impressive.
According to the study, 92 per cent of women think the responsibility of running a household and raising children should be borne equally by the partners – a finding which is unsurprising though. However, when the study showed that 88 per cent of male respondents also saying the same, it certainly makes one hopeful about the future.
While 81 per cent of men supported the #MeToo movement, 85 per cent of women also did the same. Besides, 86 per cent of all men and women in the OkCupid community believes that harassment at workplaces is not something to be tolerated and that they would back a colleague who faces such an ordeal.
On the question of feminism, while 80 per cent of both men and women in the OkCupid community called themselves feminist, only 17 per cent of males were concerned whether the person they date is a feminist. In case of women, 53 per cent would not date someone who is not a feminist.
Source: Oneindia
MeToo Movement
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About IEU
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Central State Historical Archive in Lviv
Central State Historical Archive in Lviv (Tsentralnyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv, m. Lviv, or TsDIAL). The central repository for historical documents dealing with pre-Soviet Western Ukraine, located in Lviv and overseen by the State Committee on Archives of Ukraine. It was established in 1944 as the Lviv Branch of the Central State Historical Archive of the Ukrainian SSR (see Central State Historical Archive in Kyiv) and incorporated the holdings of several exisiting Lviv archives. In 1958 it became a separate institution and in 1992 acquired its present name. In 2000 it had over 650 fonds with over 1,090,000 storage units.
The State Archive in Lviv, established in 1912 on the basis of the earlier Archive of the Viceroy’s Office in Galicia, served as the basis for the TsDIAL collection. The State Archive holdings were particularly rich as a result of it having acquired the Lviv Land-Court Archive, known commonly as the Bernadine Archive (see below), in 1933. TsDIAL also incorporated the earlier holdings of the former Lviv Municipal Archive and other local city repositories as well as those of various Western Ukrainian associations and civic and religious institutions.
The Bernadine Archive was established in 1784 after the First Partition of Poland as a central repository for court and administrative records. Its was known officially as the Galician Archive for Early Castle- and Land Court-Records, but acquired its popular name as a result of its location in a former Bernadine monastery. In 1878 it was formally reorganized as the Provincial Archive of Early Castle- and Land Court-Records, although it remained in the same location. Similar situations occured in 1918 when it became the Lviv Land-Court Archive and in 1933 when it became part of the structure of the State Archive in Lviv.
The TsDIAL holdings include court and administrative records from even before the establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Galician Crownland government records from the period of Austria-Hungary (including census records and cartographic materials), documents pertaining to the Western Ukrainian National Republic, and official records pertaining to Western Ukrainian lands under Poland in the interwar era. It also has a wide selection of materials related to financial, loan, and co-operative institutions; education institutions; civic groups such as women’s, student, and sports societies; the Western Ukrainian press; religious institutions and societies; personal papers; and the like. All fonds are open for research.
Grimstead, P. Archives and Repositories in the USSR: Ukraine and Moldavia (Princeton, NJ 1988)
Hnievysheva, O. et al (comps). Tsentral’nyi derzhavnyi istorychnyi arkhiv Ukraïny, m. L’viv: Putivnyk (Lviv 2001); electronic version: <http://www.archives.gov.ua/Publicat/Guidebooks/Putivnyk-CDIAL.php>
List of related links from Encyclopedia of Ukraine pointing to Central State Historical Archive in Lviv entry:
2 Central State Historical Archive in Kyiv
3 Historiography
4 Hrushevsky, Mykhailo
5 Lviv
6 State Committee on Archives of Ukraine
7 Stauropegion Institute
A referral to this page is found in 7 entries.
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Are You Eating Junk Food Sold As Health Food?
"The company’s Yoplait brand had transformed traditional unsweetened breakfast yogurt into a veritable dessert. It now had twice as much sugar per serving as General Mills’ marshmallow cereal Lucky Charms. And yet, because of yogurt’s well-tended image as a wholesome snack, sales of Yoplait were soaring, with annual revenue topping $500 million. Emboldened by the success, the company’s development wing pushed even harder, inventing a Yoplait variation that came in a squeezable tube — perfect for kids. They called it Go-Gurt and rolled it out nationally in the weeks before the C.E.O. meeting. (By year’s end, it would hit $100 million in sales.)"
The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food
By MICHAEL MOSS
On the evening of April 8, 1999, a long line of Town Cars and taxis pulled up to the Minneapolis headquarters of Pillsbury and discharged 11 men who controlled America’s largest food companies. Nestlé was in attendance, as were Kraft and Nabisco, General Mills and Procter & Gamble, Coca-Cola and Mars. Rivals any other day, the C.E.O.’s and company presidents had come together for a rare, private meeting. On the agenda was one item: the emerging obesity epidemic and how to deal with it. While the atmosphere was cordial, the men assembled were hardly friends. Their stature was defined by their skill in fighting one another for what they called “stomach share” — the amount of digestive space that any one company’s brand can grab from the competition.
James Behnke, a 55-year-old executive at Pillsbury, greeted the men as they arrived. He was anxious but also hopeful about the plan that he and a few other food-company executives had devised to engage the C.E.O.’s on America’s growing weight problem. “We were very concerned, and rightfully so, that obesity was becoming a major issue,” Behnke recalled. “People were starting to talk about sugar taxes, and there was a lot of pressure on food companies.” Getting the company chiefs in the same room to talk about anything, much less a sensitive issue like this, was a tricky business, so Behnke and his fellow organizers had scripted the meeting carefully, honing the message to its barest essentials. “C.E.O.’s in the food industry are typically not technical guys, and they’re uncomfortable going to meetings where technical people talk in technical terms about technical things,” Behnke said. “They don’t want to be embarrassed. They don’t want to make commitments. They want to maintain their aloofness and autonomy.”
A chemist by training with a doctoral degree in food science, Behnke became Pillsbury’s chief technical officer in 1979 and was instrumental in creating a long line of hit products, including microwaveable popcorn. He deeply admired Pillsbury but in recent years had grown troubled by pictures of obese children suffering from diabetes and the earliest signs of hypertension and heart disease. In the months leading up to the C.E.O. meeting, he was engaged in conversation with a group of food-science experts who were painting an increasingly grim picture of the public’s ability to cope with the industry’s formulations — from the body’s fragile controls on overeating to the hidden power of some processed foods to make people feel hungrier still. It was time, he and a handful of others felt, to warn the C.E.O.’s that their companies may have gone too far in creating and marketing products that posed the greatest health concerns.
The discussion took place in Pillsbury’s auditorium. The first speaker was a vice president of Kraft named Michael Mudd. “I very much appreciate this opportunity to talk to you about childhood obesity and the growing challenge it presents for us all,” Mudd began. “Let me say right at the start, this is not an easy subject. There are no easy answers — for what the public health community must do to bring this problem under control or for what the industry should do as others seek to hold it accountable for what has happened. But this much is clear: For those of us who’ve looked hard at this issue, whether they’re public health professionals or staff specialists in your own companies, we feel sure that the one thing we shouldn’t do is nothing.”
As he spoke, Mudd clicked through a deck of slides — 114 in all — projected on a large screen behind him. The figures were staggering. More than half of American adults were now considered overweight, with nearly one-quarter of the adult population — 40 million people — clinically defined as obese. Among children, the rates had more than doubled since 1980, and the number of kids considered obese had shot past 12 million. (This was still only 1999; the nation’s obesity rates would climb much higher.) Food manufacturers were now being blamed for the problem from all sides — academia, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Heart Association and the American Cancer Society. The secretary of agriculture, over whom the industry had long held sway, had recently called obesity a “national epidemic.”
Mudd then did the unthinkable. He drew a connection to the last thing in the world the C.E.O.’s wanted linked to their products: cigarettes. First came a quote from a Yale University professor of psychology and public health, Kelly Brownell, who was an especially vocal proponent of the view that the processed-food industry should be seen as a public health menace: “As a culture, we’ve become upset by the tobacco companies advertising to children, but we sit idly by while the food companies do the very same thing. And we could make a claim that the toll taken on the public health by a poor diet rivals that taken by tobacco.”
“If anyone in the food industry ever doubted there was a slippery slope out there,” Mudd said, “I imagine they are beginning to experience a distinct sliding sensation right about now.”
Mudd then presented the plan he and others had devised to address the obesity problem. Merely getting the executives to acknowledge some culpability was an important first step, he knew, so his plan would start off with a small but crucial move: the industry should use the expertise of scientists — its own and others — to gain a deeper understanding of what was driving Americans to overeat. Once this was achieved, the effort could unfold on several fronts. To be sure, there would be no getting around the role that packaged foods and drinks play in overconsumption. They would have to pull back on their use of salt, sugar and fat, perhaps by imposing industrywide limits. But it wasn’t just a matter of these three ingredients; the schemes they used to advertise and market their products were critical, too. Mudd proposed creating a “code to guide the nutritional aspects of food marketing, especially to children.”
“We are saying that the industry should make a sincere effort to be part of the solution,” Mudd concluded. “And that by doing so, we can help to defuse the criticism that’s building against us.”
What happened next was not written down. But according to three participants, when Mudd stopped talking, the one C.E.O. whose recent exploits in the grocery store had awed the rest of the industry stood up to speak. His name was Stephen Sanger, and he was also the person — as head of General Mills — who had the most to lose when it came to dealing with obesity. Under his leadership, General Mills had overtaken not just the cereal aisle but other sections of the grocery store. The company’s Yoplait brand had transformed traditional unsweetened breakfast yogurt into a veritable dessert. It now had twice as much sugar per serving as General Mills’ marshmallow cereal Lucky Charms. And yet, because of yogurt’s well-tended image as a wholesome snack, sales of Yoplait were soaring, with annual revenue topping $500 million. Emboldened by the success, the company’s development wing pushed even harder, inventing a Yoplait variation that came in a squeezable tube — perfect for kids. They called it Go-Gurt and rolled it out nationally in the weeks before the C.E.O. meeting. (By year’s end, it would hit $100 million in sales.)
According to the sources I spoke with, Sanger began by reminding the group that consumers were “fickle.” (Sanger declined to be interviewed.) Sometimes they worried about sugar, other times fat. General Mills, he said, acted responsibly to both the public and shareholders by offering products to satisfy dieters and other concerned shoppers, from low sugar to added whole grains. But most often, he said, people bought what they liked, and they liked what tasted good. “Don’t talk to me about nutrition,” he reportedly said, taking on the voice of the typical consumer. “Talk to me about taste, and if this stuff tastes better, don’t run around trying to sell stuff that doesn’t taste good.”
To react to the critics, Sanger said, would jeopardize the sanctity of the recipes that had made his products so successful. General Mills would not pull back. He would push his people onward, and he urged his peers to do the same. Sanger’s response effectively ended the meeting.
“What can I say?” James Behnke told me years later. “It didn’t work. These guys weren’t as receptive as we thought they would be.” Behnke chose his words deliberately. He wanted to be fair. “Sanger was trying to say, ‘Look, we’re not going to screw around with the company jewels here and change the formulations because a bunch of guys in white coats are worried about obesity.’ ”
The meeting was remarkable, first, for the insider admissions of guilt. But I was also struck by how prescient the organizers of the sit-down had been. Today, one in three adults is considered clinically obese, along with one in five kids, and 24 million Americans are afflicted by type 2 diabetes, often caused by poor diet, with another 79 million people having pre-diabetes. Even gout, a painful form of arthritis once known as “the rich man’s disease” for its associations with gluttony, now afflicts eight million Americans.
The public and the food companies have known for decades now — or at the very least since this meeting — that sugary, salty, fatty foods are not good for us in the quantities that we consume them. So why are the diabetes and obesity and hypertension numbers still spiraling out of control? It’s not just a matter of poor willpower on the part of the consumer and a give-the-people-what-they-want attitude on the part of the food manufacturers. What I found, over four years of research and reporting, was a conscious effort — taking place in labs and marketing meetings and grocery-store aisles — to get people hooked on foods that are convenient and inexpensive. I talked to more than 300 people in or formerly employed by the processed-food industry, from scientists to marketers to C.E.O.’s. Some were willing whistle-blowers, while others spoke reluctantly when presented with some of the thousands of pages of secret memos that I obtained from inside the food industry’s operations. What follows is a series of small case studies of a handful of characters whose work then, and perspective now, sheds light on how the foods are created and sold to people who, while not powerless, are extremely vulnerable to the intensity of these companies’ industrial formulations and selling campaigns.
I. ‘In This Field, I’m a Game Changer.’
John Lennon couldn’t find it in England, so he had cases of it shipped from New York to fuel the “Imagine” sessions. The Beach Boys, ZZ Top and Cher all stipulated in their contract riders that it be put in their dressing rooms when they toured. Hillary Clinton asked for it when she traveled as first lady, and ever after her hotel suites were dutifully stocked.
What they all wanted was Dr Pepper, which until 2001 occupied a comfortable third-place spot in the soda aisle behind Coca-Cola and Pepsi. But then a flood of spinoffs from the two soda giants showed up on the shelves — lemons and limes, vanillas and coffees, raspberries and oranges, whites and blues and clears — what in food-industry lingo are known as “line extensions,” and Dr Pepper started to lose its market share.
Responding to this pressure, Cadbury Schweppes created its first spinoff, other than a diet version, in the soda’s 115-year history, a bright red soda with a very un-Dr Pepper name: Red Fusion. “If we are to re-establish Dr Pepper back to its historic growth rates, we have to add more excitement,” the company’s president, Jack Kilduff, said. One particularly promising market, Kilduff pointed out, was the “rapidly growing Hispanic and African-American communities.”
But consumers hated Red Fusion. “Dr Pepper is my all-time favorite drink, so I was curious about the Red Fusion,” a California mother of three wrote on a blog to warn other Peppers away. “It’s disgusting. Gagging. Never again.”
Stung by the rejection, Cadbury Schweppes in 2004 turned to a food-industry legend named Howard Moskowitz. Moskowitz, who studied mathematics and holds a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Harvard, runs a consulting firm in White Plains, where for more than three decades he has “optimized” a variety of products for Campbell Soup, General Foods, Kraft and PepsiCo. “I’ve optimized soups,” Moskowitz told me. “I’ve optimized pizzas. I’ve optimized salad dressings and pickles. In this field, I’m a game changer.”
In the process of product optimization, food engineers alter a litany of variables with the sole intent of finding the most perfect version (or versions) of a product. Ordinary consumers are paid to spend hours sitting in rooms where they touch, feel, sip, smell, swirl and taste whatever product is in question. Their opinions are dumped into a computer, and the data are sifted and sorted through a statistical method called conjoint analysis, which determines what features will be most attractive to consumers. Moskowitz likes to imagine that his computer is divided into silos, in which each of the attributes is stacked. But it’s not simply a matter of comparing Color 23 with Color 24. In the most complicated projects, Color 23 must be combined with Syrup 11 and Packaging 6, and on and on, in seemingly infinite combinations. Even for jobs in which the only concern is taste and the variables are limited to the ingredients, endless charts and graphs will come spewing out of Moskowitz’s computer. “The mathematical model maps out the ingredients to the sensory perceptions these ingredients create,” he told me, “so I can just dial a new product. This is the engineering approach.”
Moskowitz’s work on Prego spaghetti sauce was memorialized in a 2004 presentation by the author Malcolm Gladwell at the TED conference in Monterey, Calif.: “After . . . months and months, he had a mountain of data about how the American people feel about spaghetti sauce. . . . And sure enough, if you sit down and you analyze all this data on spaghetti sauce, you realize that all Americans fall into one of three groups. There are people who like their spaghetti sauce plain. There are people who like their spaghetti sauce spicy. And there are people who like it extra-chunky. And of those three facts, the third one was the most significant, because at the time, in the early 1980s, if you went to a supermarket, you would not find extra-chunky spaghetti sauce. And Prego turned to Howard, and they said, ‘Are you telling me that one-third of Americans crave extra-chunky spaghetti sauce, and yet no one is servicing their needs?’ And he said, ‘Yes.’ And Prego then went back and completely reformulated their spaghetti sauce and came out with a line of extra-chunky that immediately and completely took over the spaghetti-sauce business in this country. . . . That is Howard’s gift to the American people. . . . He fundamentally changed the way the food industry thinks about making you happy.”
Well, yes and no. One thing Gladwell didn’t mention is that the food industry already knew some things about making people happy — and it started with sugar. Many of the Prego sauces — whether cheesy, chunky or light — have one feature in common: The largest ingredient, after tomatoes, is sugar. A mere half-cup of Prego Traditional, for instance, has the equivalent of more than two teaspoons of sugar, as much as two-plus Oreo cookies. It also delivers one-third of the sodium recommended for a majority of American adults for an entire day. In making these sauces, Campbell supplied the ingredients, including the salt, sugar and, for some versions, fat, while Moskowitz supplied the optimization. “More is not necessarily better,” Moskowitz wrote in his own account of the Prego project. “As the sensory intensity (say, of sweetness) increases, consumers first say that they like the product more, but eventually, with a middle level of sweetness, consumers like the product the most (this is their optimum, or ‘bliss,’ point).”
I first met Moskowitz on a crisp day in the spring of 2010 at the Harvard Club in Midtown Manhattan. As we talked, he made clear that while he has worked on numerous projects aimed at creating more healthful foods and insists the industry could be doing far more to curb obesity, he had no qualms about his own pioneering work on discovering what industry insiders now regularly refer to as “the bliss point” or any of the other systems that helped food companies create the greatest amount of crave. “There’s no moral issue for me,” he said. “I did the best science I could. I was struggling to survive and didn’t have the luxury of being a moral creature. As a researcher, I was ahead of my time.”
Moskowitz’s path to mastering the bliss point began in earnest not at Harvard but a few months after graduation, 16 miles from Cambridge, in the town of Natick, where the U.S. Army hired him to work in its research labs. The military has long been in a peculiar bind when it comes to food: how to get soldiers to eat more rations when they are in the field. They know that over time, soldiers would gradually find their meals-ready-to-eat so boring that they would toss them away, half-eaten, and not get all the calories they needed. But what was causing this M.R.E.-fatigue was a mystery. “So I started asking soldiers how frequently they would like to eat this or that, trying to figure out which products they would find boring,” Moskowitz said. The answers he got were inconsistent. “They liked flavorful foods like turkey tetrazzini, but only at first; they quickly grew tired of them. On the other hand, mundane foods like white bread would never get them too excited, but they could eat lots and lots of it without feeling they’d had enough.”
This contradiction is known as “sensory-specific satiety.” In lay terms, it is the tendency for big, distinct flavors to overwhelm the brain, which responds by depressing your desire to have more. Sensory-specific satiety also became a guiding principle for the processed-food industry. The biggest hits — be they Coca-Cola or Doritos — owe their success to complex formulas that pique the taste buds enough to be alluring but don’t have a distinct, overriding single flavor that tells the brain to stop eating.
Thirty-two years after he began experimenting with the bliss point, Moskowitz got the call from Cadbury Schweppes asking him to create a good line extension for Dr Pepper. I spent an afternoon in his White Plains offices as he and his vice president for research, Michele Reisner, walked me through the Dr Pepper campaign. Cadbury wanted its new flavor to have cherry and vanilla on top of the basic Dr Pepper taste. Thus, there were three main components to play with. A sweet cherry flavoring, a sweet vanilla flavoring and a sweet syrup known as “Dr Pepper flavoring.”
Finding the bliss point required the preparation of 61 subtly distinct formulas — 31 for the regular version and 30 for diet. The formulas were then subjected to 3,904 tastings organized in Los Angeles, Dallas, Chicago and Philadelphia. The Dr Pepper tasters began working through their samples, resting five minutes between each sip to restore their taste buds. After each sample, they gave numerically ranked answers to a set of questions: How much did they like it overall? How strong is the taste? How do they feel about the taste? How would they describe the quality of this product? How likely would they be to purchase this product?
Moskowitz’s data — compiled in a 135-page report for the soda maker — is tremendously fine-grained, showing how different people and groups of people feel about a strong vanilla taste versus weak, various aspects of aroma and the powerful sensory force that food scientists call “mouth feel.” This is the way a product interacts with the mouth, as defined more specifically by a host of related sensations, from dryness to gumminess to moisture release. These are terms more familiar to sommeliers, but the mouth feel of soda and many other food items, especially those high in fat, is second only to the bliss point in its ability to predict how much craving a product will induce.
In addition to taste, the consumers were also tested on their response to color, which proved to be highly sensitive. “When we increased the level of the Dr Pepper flavoring, it gets darker and liking goes off,” Reisner said. These preferences can also be cross-referenced by age, sex and race.
On Page 83 of the report, a thin blue line represents the amount of Dr Pepper flavoring needed to generate maximum appeal. The line is shaped like an upside-down U, just like the bliss-point curve that Moskowitz studied 30 years earlier in his Army lab. And at the top of the arc, there is not a single sweet spot but instead a sweet range, within which “bliss” was achievable. This meant that Cadbury could edge back on its key ingredient, the sugary Dr Pepper syrup, without falling out of the range and losing the bliss. Instead of using 2 milliliters of the flavoring, for instance, they could use 1.69 milliliters and achieve the same effect. The potential savings is merely a few percentage points, and it won’t mean much to individual consumers who are counting calories or grams of sugar. But for Dr Pepper, it adds up to colossal savings. “That looks like nothing,” Reisner said. “But it’s a lot of money. A lot of money. Millions.”
The soda that emerged from all of Moskowitz’s variations became known as Cherry Vanilla Dr Pepper, and it proved successful beyond anything Cadbury imagined. In 2008, Cadbury split off its soft-drinks business, which included Snapple and 7-Up. The Dr Pepper Snapple Group has since been valued in excess of $11 billion.
II. ‘Lunchtime Is All Yours’
Sometimes innovations within the food industry happen in the lab, with scientists dialing in specific ingredients to achieve the greatest allure. And sometimes, as in the case of Oscar Mayer’s bologna crisis, the innovation involves putting old products in new packages.
The 1980s were tough times for Oscar Mayer. Red-meat consumption fell more than 10 percent as fat became synonymous with cholesterol, clogged arteries, heart attacks and strokes. Anxiety set in at the company’s headquarters in Madison, Wis., where executives worried about their future and the pressure they faced from their new bosses at Philip Morris.
Bob Drane was the company’s vice president for new business strategy and development when Oscar Mayer tapped him to try to find some way to reposition bologna and other troubled meats that were declining in popularity and sales. I met Drane at his home in Madison and went through the records he had kept on the birth of what would become much more than his solution to the company’s meat problem. In 1985, when Drane began working on the project, his orders were to “figure out how to contemporize what we’ve got.”
Drane’s first move was to try to zero in not on what Americans felt about processed meat but on what Americans felt about lunch. He organized focus-group sessions with the people most responsible for buying bologna — mothers — and as they talked, he realized the most pressing issue for them was time. Working moms strove to provide healthful food, of course, but they spoke with real passion and at length about the morning crush, that nightmarish dash to get breakfast on the table and lunch packed and kids out the door. He summed up their remarks for me like this: “It’s awful. I am scrambling around. My kids are asking me for stuff. I’m trying to get myself ready to go to the office. I go to pack these lunches, and I don’t know what I’ve got.” What the moms revealed to him, Drane said, was “a gold mine of disappointments and problems.”
He assembled a team of about 15 people with varied skills, from design to food science to advertising, to create something completely new — a convenient prepackaged lunch that would have as its main building block the company’s sliced bologna and ham. They wanted to add bread, naturally, because who ate bologna without it? But this presented a problem: There was no way bread could stay fresh for the two months their product needed to sit in warehouses or in grocery coolers. Crackers, however, could — so they added a handful of cracker rounds to the package. Using cheese was the next obvious move, given its increased presence in processed foods. But what kind of cheese would work? Natural Cheddar, which they started off with, crumbled and didn’t slice very well, so they moved on to processed varieties, which could bend and be sliced and would last forever, or they could knock another two cents off per unit by using an even lesser product called “cheese food,” which had lower scores than processed cheese in taste tests. The cost dilemma was solved when Oscar Mayer merged with Kraft in 1989 and the company didn’t have to shop for cheese anymore; it got all the processed cheese it wanted from its new sister company, and at cost.
Drane’s team moved into a nearby hotel, where they set out to find the right mix of components and container. They gathered around tables where bagfuls of meat, cheese, crackers and all sorts of wrapping material had been dumped, and they let their imaginations run. After snipping and taping their way through a host of failures, the model they fell back on was the American TV dinner — and after some brainstorming about names (Lunch Kits? Go-Packs? Fun Mealz?), Lunchables were born.
The trays flew off the grocery-store shelves. Sales hit a phenomenal $218 million in the first 12 months, more than anyone was prepared for. This only brought Drane his next crisis. The production costs were so high that they were losing money with each tray they produced. So Drane flew to New York, where he met with Philip Morris officials who promised to give him the money he needed to keep it going. “The hard thing is to figure out something that will sell,” he was told. “You’ll figure out how to get the cost right.” Projected to lose $6 million in 1991, the trays instead broke even; the next year, they earned $8 million.
With production costs trimmed and profits coming in, the next question was how to expand the franchise, which they did by turning to one of the cardinal rules in processed food: When in doubt, add sugar. “Lunchables With Dessert is a logical extension,” an Oscar Mayer official reported to Philip Morris executives in early 1991. The “target” remained the same as it was for regular Lunchables — “busy mothers” and “working women,” ages 25 to 49 — and the “enhanced taste” would attract shoppers who had grown bored with the current trays. A year later, the dessert Lunchable morphed into the Fun Pack, which would come with a Snickers bar, a package of M&M’s or a Reese’s Peanut Butter Cup, as well as a sugary drink. The Lunchables team started by using Kool-Aid and cola and then Capri Sun after Philip Morris added that drink to its stable of brands.
Eventually, a line of the trays, appropriately called Maxed Out, was released that had as many as nine grams of saturated fat, or nearly an entire day’s recommended maximum for kids, with up to two-thirds of the max for sodium and 13 teaspoons of sugar.
When I asked Geoffrey Bible, former C.E.O. of Philip Morris, about this shift toward more salt, sugar and fat in meals for kids, he smiled and noted that even in its earliest incarnation, Lunchables was held up for criticism. “One article said something like, ‘If you take Lunchables apart, the most healthy item in it is the napkin.’ ”
Well, they did have a good bit of fat, I offered. “You bet,” he said. “Plus cookies.”
The prevailing attitude among the company’s food managers — through the 1990s, at least, before obesity became a more pressing concern — was one of supply and demand. “People could point to these things and say, ‘They’ve got too much sugar, they’ve got too much salt,’ ” Bible said. “Well, that’s what the consumer wants, and we’re not putting a gun to their head to eat it. That’s what they want. If we give them less, they’ll buy less, and the competitor will get our market. So you’re sort of trapped.” (Bible would later press Kraft to reconsider its reliance on salt, sugar and fat.)
When it came to Lunchables, they did try to add more healthful ingredients. Back at the start, Drane experimented with fresh carrots but quickly gave up on that, since fresh components didn’t work within the constraints of the processed-food system, which typically required weeks or months of transport and storage before the food arrived at the grocery store. Later, a low-fat version of the trays was developed, using meats and cheese and crackers that were formulated with less fat, but it tasted inferior, sold poorly and was quickly scrapped.
When I met with Kraft officials in 2011 to discuss their products and policies on nutrition, they had dropped the Maxed Out line and were trying to improve the nutritional profile of Lunchables through smaller, incremental changes that were less noticeable to consumers. Across the Lunchables line, they said they had reduced the salt, sugar and fat by about 10 percent, and new versions, featuring mandarin-orange and pineapple slices, were in development. These would be promoted as more healthful versions, with “fresh fruit,” but their list of ingredients — containing upward of 70 items, with sucrose, corn syrup, high-fructose corn syrup and fruit concentrate all in the same tray — have been met with intense criticism from outside the industry.
One of the company’s responses to criticism is that kids don’t eat the Lunchables every day — on top of which, when it came to trying to feed them more healthful foods, kids themselves were unreliable. When their parents packed fresh carrots, apples and water, they couldn’t be trusted to eat them. Once in school, they often trashed the healthful stuff in their brown bags to get right to the sweets.
This idea — that kids are in control — would become a key concept in the evolving marketing campaigns for the trays. In what would prove to be their greatest achievement of all, the Lunchables team would delve into adolescent psychology to discover that it wasn’t the food in the trays that excited the kids; it was the feeling of power it brought to their lives. As Bob Eckert, then the C.E.O. of Kraft, put it in 1999: “Lunchables aren’t about lunch. It’s about kids being able to put together what they want to eat, anytime, anywhere.”
Kraft’s early Lunchables campaign targeted mothers. They might be too distracted by work to make a lunch, but they loved their kids enough to offer them this prepackaged gift. But as the focus swung toward kids, Saturday-morning cartoons started carrying an ad that offered a different message: “All day, you gotta do what they say,” the ads said. “But lunchtime is all yours.”
With this marketing strategy in place and pizza Lunchables — the crust in one compartment, the cheese, pepperoni and sauce in others — proving to be a runaway success, the entire world of fast food suddenly opened up for Kraft to pursue. They came out with a Mexican-themed Lunchables called Beef Taco Wraps; a Mini Burgers Lunchables; a Mini Hot Dog Lunchable, which also happened to provide a way for Oscar Mayer to sell its wieners. By 1999, pancakes — which included syrup, icing, Lifesavers candy and Tang, for a whopping 76 grams of sugar — and waffles were, for a time, part of the Lunchables franchise as well.
Annual sales kept climbing, past $500 million, past $800 million; at last count, including sales in Britain, they were approaching the $1 billion mark. Lunchables was more than a hit; it was now its own category. Eventually, more than 60 varieties of Lunchables and other brands of trays would show up in the grocery stores. In 2007, Kraft even tried a Lunchables Jr. for 3- to 5-year-olds.
In the trove of records that document the rise of the Lunchables and the sweeping change it brought to lunchtime habits, I came across a photograph of Bob Drane’s daughter, which he had slipped into the Lunchables presentation he showed to food developers. The picture was taken on Monica Drane’s wedding day in 1989, and she was standing outside the family’s home in Madison, a beautiful bride in a white wedding dress, holding one of the brand-new yellow trays.
During the course of reporting, I finally had a chance to ask her about it. Was she really that much of a fan? “There must have been some in the fridge,” she told me. “I probably just took one out before we went to the church. My mom had joked that it was really like their fourth child, my dad invested so much time and energy on it.”
Monica Drane had three of her own children by the time we spoke, ages 10, 14 and 17. “I don’t think my kids have ever eaten a Lunchable,” she told me. “They know they exist and that Grandpa Bob invented them. But we eat very healthfully.”
Drane himself paused only briefly when I asked him if, looking back, he was proud of creating the trays. “Lots of things are trade-offs,” he said. “And I do believe it’s easy to rationalize anything. In the end, I wish that the nutritional profile of the thing could have been better, but I don’t view the entire project as anything but a positive contribution to people’s lives.”
Today Bob Drane is still talking to kids about what they like to eat, but his approach has changed. He volunteers with a nonprofit organization that seeks to build better communications between school kids and their parents, and right in the mix of their problems, alongside the academic struggles, is childhood obesity. Drane has also prepared a précis on the food industry that he used with medical students at the University of Wisconsin. And while he does not name his Lunchables in this document, and cites numerous causes for the obesity epidemic, he holds the entire industry accountable. “What do University of Wisconsin M.B.A.’s learn about how to succeed in marketing?” his presentation to the med students asks. “Discover what consumers want to buy and give it to them with both barrels. Sell more, keep your job! How do marketers often translate these ‘rules’ into action on food? Our limbic brains love sugar, fat, salt. . . . So formulate products to deliver these. Perhaps add low-cost ingredients to boost profit margins. Then ‘supersize’ to sell more. . . . And advertise/promote to lock in ‘heavy users.’ Plenty of guilt to go around here!”
III. ‘It’s Called Vanishing Caloric Density.’
At a symposium for nutrition scientists in Los Angeles on Feb. 15, 1985, a professor of pharmacology from Helsinki named Heikki Karppanen told the remarkable story of Finland’s effort to address its salt habit. In the late 1970s, the Finns were consuming huge amounts of sodium, eating on average more than two teaspoons of salt a day. As a result, the country had developed significant issues with high blood pressure, and men in the eastern part of Finland had the highest rate of fatal cardiovascular disease in the world. Research showed that this plague was not just a quirk of genetics or a result of a sedentary lifestyle — it was also owing to processed foods. So when Finnish authorities moved to address the problem, they went right after the manufacturers. (The Finnish response worked. Every grocery item that was heavy in salt would come to be marked prominently with the warning “High Salt Content.” By 2007, Finland’s per capita consumption of salt had dropped by a third, and this shift — along with improved medical care — was accompanied by a 75 percent to 80 percent decline in the number of deaths from strokes and heart disease.)
Karppanen’s presentation was met with applause, but one man in the crowd seemed particularly intrigued by the presentation, and as Karppanen left the stage, the man intercepted him and asked if they could talk more over dinner. Their conversation later that night was not at all what Karppanen was expecting. His host did indeed have an interest in salt, but from quite a different vantage point: the man’s name was Robert I-San Lin, and from 1974 to 1982, he worked as the chief scientist for Frito-Lay, the nearly $3-billion-a-year manufacturer of Lay’s, Doritos, Cheetos and Fritos.
Lin’s time at Frito-Lay coincided with the first attacks by nutrition advocates on salty foods and the first calls for federal regulators to reclassify salt as a “risky” food additive, which could have subjected it to severe controls. No company took this threat more seriously — or more personally — than Frito-Lay, Lin explained to Karppanen over their dinner. Three years after he left Frito-Lay, he was still anguished over his inability to effectively change the company’s recipes and practices.
By chance, I ran across a letter that Lin sent to Karppanen three weeks after that dinner, buried in some files to which I had gained access. Attached to the letter was a memo written when Lin was at Frito-Lay, which detailed some of the company’s efforts in defending salt. I tracked Lin down in Irvine, Calif., where we spent several days going through the internal company memos, strategy papers and handwritten notes he had kept. The documents were evidence of the concern that Lin had for consumers and of the company’s intent on using science not to address the health concerns but to thwart them. While at Frito-Lay, Lin and other company scientists spoke openly about the country’s excessive consumption of sodium and the fact that, as Lin said to me on more than one occasion, “people get addicted to salt.”
Not much had changed by 1986, except Frito-Lay found itself on a rare cold streak. The company had introduced a series of high-profile products that failed miserably. Toppels, a cracker with cheese topping; Stuffers, a shell with a variety of fillings; Rumbles, a bite-size granola snack — they all came and went in a blink, and the company took a $52 million hit. Around that time, the marketing team was joined by Dwight Riskey, an expert on cravings who had been a fellow at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, where he was part of a team of scientists that found that people could beat their salt habits simply by refraining from salty foods long enough for their taste buds to return to a normal level of sensitivity. He had also done work on the bliss point, showing how a product’s allure is contextual, shaped partly by the other foods a person is eating, and that it changes as people age. This seemed to help explain why Frito-Lay was having so much trouble selling new snacks. The largest single block of customers, the baby boomers, had begun hitting middle age. According to the research, this suggested that their liking for salty snacks — both in the concentration of salt and how much they ate — would be tapering off. Along with the rest of the snack-food industry, Frito-Lay anticipated lower sales because of an aging population, and marketing plans were adjusted to focus even more intently on younger consumers.
Except that snack sales didn’t decline as everyone had projected, Frito-Lay’s doomed product launches notwithstanding. Poring over data one day in his home office, trying to understand just who was consuming all the snack food, Riskey realized that he and his colleagues had been misreading things all along. They had been measuring the snacking habits of different age groups and were seeing what they expected to see, that older consumers ate less than those in their 20s. But what they weren’t measuring, Riskey realized, is how those snacking habits of the boomers compared to themselves when they were in their 20s. When he called up a new set of sales data and performed what’s called a cohort study, following a single group over time, a far more encouraging picture — for Frito-Lay, anyway — emerged. The baby boomers were not eating fewer salty snacks as they aged. “In fact, as those people aged, their consumption of all those segments — the cookies, the crackers, the candy, the chips — was going up,” Riskey said. “They were not only eating what they ate when they were younger, they were eating more of it.” In fact, everyone in the country, on average, was eating more salty snacks than they used to. The rate of consumption was edging up about one-third of a pound every year, with the average intake of snacks like chips and cheese crackers pushing past 12 pounds a year.
Riskey had a theory about what caused this surge: Eating real meals had become a thing of the past. Baby boomers, especially, seemed to have greatly cut down on regular meals. They were skipping breakfast when they had early-morning meetings. They skipped lunch when they then needed to catch up on work because of those meetings. They skipped dinner when their kids stayed out late or grew up and moved out of the house. And when they skipped these meals, they replaced them with snacks. “We looked at this behavior, and said, ‘Oh, my gosh, people were skipping meals right and left,’ ” Riskey told me. “It was amazing.” This led to the next realization, that baby boomers did not represent “a category that is mature, with no growth. This is a category that has huge growth potential.”
The food technicians stopped worrying about inventing new products and instead embraced the industry’s most reliable method for getting consumers to buy more: the line extension. The classic Lay’s potato chips were joined by Salt & Vinegar, Salt & Pepper and Cheddar & Sour Cream. They put out Chili-Cheese-flavored Fritos, and Cheetos were transformed into 21 varieties. Frito-Lay had a formidable research complex near Dallas, where nearly 500 chemists, psychologists and technicians conducted research that cost up to $30 million a year, and the science corps focused intense amounts of resources on questions of crunch, mouth feel and aroma for each of these items. Their tools included a $40,000 device that simulated a chewing mouth to test and perfect the chips, discovering things like the perfect break point: people like a chip that snaps with about four pounds of pressure per square inch.
To get a better feel for their work, I called on Steven Witherly, a food scientist who wrote a fascinating guide for industry insiders titled, “Why Humans Like Junk Food.” I brought him two shopping bags filled with a variety of chips to taste. He zeroed right in on the Cheetos. “This,” Witherly said, “is one of the most marvelously constructed foods on the planet, in terms of pure pleasure.” He ticked off a dozen attributes of the Cheetos that make the brain say more. But the one he focused on most was the puff’s uncanny ability to melt in the mouth. “It’s called vanishing caloric density,” Witherly said. “If something melts down quickly, your brain thinks that there’s no calories in it . . . you can just keep eating it forever.”
As for their marketing troubles, in a March 2010 meeting, Frito-Lay executives hastened to tell their Wall Street investors that the 1.4 billion boomers worldwide weren’t being neglected; they were redoubling their efforts to understand exactly what it was that boomers most wanted in a snack chip. Which was basically everything: great taste, maximum bliss but minimal guilt about health and more maturity than puffs. “They snack a lot,” Frito-Lay’s chief marketing officer, Ann Mukherjee, told the investors. “But what they’re looking for is very different. They’re looking for new experiences, real food experiences.” Frito-Lay acquired Stacy’s Pita Chip Company, which was started by a Massachusetts couple who made food-cart sandwiches and started serving pita chips to their customers in the mid-1990s. In Frito-Lay’s hands, the pita chips averaged 270 milligrams of sodium — nearly one-fifth a whole day’s recommended maximum for most American adults — and were a huge hit among boomers.
The Frito-Lay executives also spoke of the company’s ongoing pursuit of a “designer sodium,” which they hoped, in the near future, would take their sodium loads down by 40 percent. No need to worry about lost sales there, the company’s C.E.O., Al Carey, assured their investors. The boomers would see less salt as the green light to snack like never before.
There’s a paradox at work here. On the one hand, reduction of sodium in snack foods is commendable. On the other, these changes may well result in consumers eating more. “The big thing that will happen here is removing the barriers for boomers and giving them permission to snack,” Carey said. The prospects for lower-salt snacks were so amazing, he added, that the company had set its sights on using the designer salt to conquer the toughest market of all for snacks: schools. He cited, for example, the school-food initiative championed by Bill Clinton and the American Heart Association, which is seeking to improve the nutrition of school food by limiting its load of salt, sugar and fat. “Imagine this,” Carey said. “A potato chip that tastes great and qualifies for the Clinton-A.H.A. alliance for schools . . . . We think we have ways to do all of this on a potato chip, and imagine getting that product into schools, where children can have this product and grow up with it and feel good about eating it.”
Carey’s quote reminded me of something I read in the early stages of my reporting, a 24-page report prepared for Frito-Lay in 1957 by a psychologist named Ernest Dichter. The company’s chips, he wrote, were not selling as well as they could for one simple reason: “While people like and enjoy potato chips, they feel guilty about liking them. . . . Unconsciously, people expect to be punished for ‘letting themselves go’ and enjoying them.” Dichter listed seven “fears and resistances” to the chips: “You can’t stop eating them; they’re fattening; they’re not good for you; they’re greasy and messy to eat; they’re too expensive; it’s hard to store the leftovers; and they’re bad for children.” He spent the rest of his memo laying out his prescriptions, which in time would become widely used not just by Frito-Lay but also by the entire industry. Dichter suggested that Frito-Lay avoid using the word “fried” in referring to its chips and adopt instead the more healthful-sounding term “toasted.” To counteract the “fear of letting oneself go,” he suggested repacking the chips into smaller bags. “The more-anxious consumers, the ones who have the deepest fears about their capacity to control their appetite, will tend to sense the function of the new pack and select it,” he said.
Dichter advised Frito-Lay to move its chips out of the realm of between-meals snacking and turn them into an ever-present item in the American diet. “The increased use of potato chips and other Lay’s products as a part of the regular fare served by restaurants and sandwich bars should be encouraged in a concentrated way,” Dichter said, citing a string of examples: “potato chips with soup, with fruit or vegetable juice appetizers; potato chips served as a vegetable on the main dish; potato chips with salad; potato chips with egg dishes for breakfast; potato chips with sandwich orders.”
In 2011, The New England Journal of Medicine published a study that shed new light on America’s weight gain. The subjects — 120,877 women and men — were all professionals in the health field, and were likely to be more conscious about nutrition, so the findings might well understate the overall trend. Using data back to 1986, the researchers monitored everything the participants ate, as well as their physical activity and smoking. They found that every four years, the participants exercised less, watched TV more and gained an average of 3.35 pounds. The researchers parsed the data by the caloric content of the foods being eaten, and found the top contributors to weight gain included red meat and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages and potatoes, including mashed and French fries. But the largest weight-inducing food was the potato chip. The coating of salt, the fat content that rewards the brain with instant feelings of pleasure, the sugar that exists not as an additive but in the starch of the potato itself — all of this combines to make it the perfect addictive food. “The starch is readily absorbed,” Eric Rimm, an associate professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health and one of the study’s authors, told me. “More quickly even than a similar amount of sugar. The starch, in turn, causes the glucose levels in the blood to spike” — which can result in a craving for more.
If Americans snacked only occasionally, and in small amounts, this would not present the enormous problem that it does. But because so much money and effort has been invested over decades in engineering and then relentlessly selling these products, the effects are seemingly impossible to unwind. More than 30 years have passed since Robert Lin first tangled with Frito-Lay on the imperative of the company to deal with the formulation of its snacks, but as we sat at his dining-room table, sifting through his records, the feelings of regret still played on his face. In his view, three decades had been lost, time that he and a lot of other smart scientists could have spent searching for ways to ease the addiction to salt, sugar and fat. “I couldn’t do much about it,” he told me. “I feel so sorry for the public.”
IV. ‘These People Need a Lot of Things, but They Don’t Need a Coke.’
The growing attention Americans are paying to what they put into their mouths has touched off a new scramble by the processed-food companies to address health concerns. Pressed by the Obama administration and consumers, Kraft, Nestlé, Pepsi, Campbell and General Mills, among others, have begun to trim the loads of salt, sugar and fat in many products. And with consumer advocates pushing for more government intervention, Coca-Cola made headlines in January by releasing ads that promoted its bottled water and low-calorie drinks as a way to counter obesity. Predictably, the ads drew a new volley of scorn from critics who pointed to the company’s continuing drive to sell sugary Coke.
One of the other executives I spoke with at length was Jeffrey Dunn, who, in 2001, at age 44, was directing more than half of Coca-Cola’s $20 billion in annual sales as president and chief operating officer in both North and South America. In an effort to control as much market share as possible, Coke extended its aggressive marketing to especially poor or vulnerable areas of the U.S., like New Orleans — where people were drinking twice as much Coke as the national average — or Rome, Ga., where the per capita intake was nearly three Cokes a day. In Coke’s headquarters in Atlanta, the biggest consumers were referred to as “heavy users.” “The other model we use was called ‘drinks and drinkers,’ ” Dunn said. “How many drinkers do I have? And how many drinks do they drink? If you lost one of those heavy users, if somebody just decided to stop drinking Coke, how many drinkers would you have to get, at low velocity, to make up for that heavy user? The answer is a lot. It’s more efficient to get my existing users to drink more.”
One of Dunn’s lieutenants, Todd Putman, who worked at Coca-Cola from 1997 to 2001, said the goal became much larger than merely beating the rival brands; Coca-Cola strove to outsell every other thing people drank, including milk and water. The marketing division’s efforts boiled down to one question, Putman said: “How can we drive more ounces into more bodies more often?” (In response to Putman’s remarks, Coke said its goals have changed and that it now focuses on providing consumers with more low- or no-calorie products.)
In his capacity, Dunn was making frequent trips to Brazil, where the company had recently begun a push to increase consumption of Coke among the many Brazilians living in favelas. The company’s strategy was to repackage Coke into smaller, more affordable 6.7-ounce bottles, just 20 cents each. Coke was not alone in seeing Brazil as a potential boon; Nestlé began deploying battalions of women to travel poor neighborhoods, hawking American-style processed foods door to door. But Coke was Dunn’s concern, and on one trip, as he walked through one of the impoverished areas, he had an epiphany. “A voice in my head says, ‘These people need a lot of things, but they don’t need a Coke.’ I almost threw up.”
Dunn returned to Atlanta, determined to make some changes. He didn’t want to abandon the soda business, but he did want to try to steer the company into a more healthful mode, and one of the things he pushed for was to stop marketing Coke in public schools. The independent companies that bottled Coke viewed his plans as reactionary. A director of one bottler wrote a letter to Coke’s chief executive and board asking for Dunn’s head. “He said what I had done was the worst thing he had seen in 50 years in the business,” Dunn said. “Just to placate these crazy leftist school districts who were trying to keep people from having their Coke. He said I was an embarrassment to the company, and I should be fired.” In February 2004, he was.
Dunn told me that talking about Coke’s business today was by no means easy and, because he continues to work in the food business, not without risk. “You really don’t want them mad at you,” he said. “And I don’t mean that, like, I’m going to end up at the bottom of the bay. But they don’t have a sense of humor when it comes to this stuff. They’re a very, very aggressive company.”
When I met with Dunn, he told me not just about his years at Coke but also about his new marketing venture. In April 2010, he met with three executives from Madison Dearborn Partners, a private-equity firm based in Chicago with a wide-ranging portfolio of investments. They recently hired Dunn to run one of their newest acquisitions — a food producer in the San Joaquin Valley. As they sat in the hotel’s meeting room, the men listened to Dunn’s marketing pitch. He talked about giving the product a personality that was bold and irreverent, conveying the idea that this was the ultimate snack food. He went into detail on how he would target a special segment of the 146 million Americans who are regular snackers — mothers, children, young professionals — people, he said, who “keep their snacking ritual fresh by trying a new food product when it catches their attention.”
He explained how he would deploy strategic storytelling in the ad campaign for this snack, using a key phrase that had been developed with much calculation: “Eat ’Em Like Junk Food.”
After 45 minutes, Dunn clicked off the last slide and thanked the men for coming. Madison’s portfolio contained the largest Burger King franchise in the world, the Ruth’s Chris Steak House chain and a processed-food maker called AdvancePierre whose lineup includes the Jamwich, a peanut-butter-and-jelly contrivance that comes frozen, crustless and embedded with four kinds of sugars.
The snack that Dunn was proposing to sell: carrots. Plain, fresh carrots. No added sugar. No creamy sauce or dips. No salt. Just baby carrots, washed, bagged, then sold into the deadly dull produce aisle.
“We act like a snack, not a vegetable,” he told the investors. “We exploit the rules of junk food to fuel the baby-carrot conversation. We are pro-junk-food behavior but anti-junk-food establishment.”
The investors were thinking only about sales. They had already bought one of the two biggest farm producers of baby carrots in the country, and they’d hired Dunn to run the whole operation. Now, after his pitch, they were relieved. Dunn had figured out that using the industry’s own marketing ploys would work better than anything else. He drew from the bag of tricks that he mastered in his 20 years at Coca-Cola, where he learned one of the most critical rules in processed food: The selling of food matters as much as the food itself.
Later, describing his new line of work, Dunn told me he was doing penance for his Coca-Cola years. “I’m paying my karmic debt,” he said.
This article is adapted from “Salt Sugar Fat: How the Food Giants Hooked Us,” which will be published by Random House this month.
Michael Moss is an investigative reporter for The Times. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 2010 for his reporting on the meat industry.
Editor: Joel Lovell
Labels: Biology, Civil/Natural Rights. Corruption, Diet, Food, GMO, Healing, Health, science
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What Do the Koch Brothers Want?
Here is a very interesting article about the infamous Koch brothers, fossil fuel barons who aim to own America.
Thanks to Bill Moyers for sharing this article from Senator Bennie Sanders.
As a result of the disastrous Citizens United Supreme Court decision, billionaires and large corporations can now spend an unlimited amount of money to influence the political process.
Perhaps, the biggest winners of Citizens United are Charles and David Koch, owners of the second-largest privately run business in America Koch Industries.
Among other things, the Koch brothers own oil refineries in Texas, Alaska, and Minnesota and control some 4,000 miles of pipeline.
According to Forbes Magazine, the Koch brothers are now worth $80 billion, and have increased their wealth by $12 billion since last year alone.
For the Koch brothers, $80 billion in wealth, apparently, is not good enough. Owning the second largest private company in America is, apparently, not good enough. It doesn’t appear that they will be satisfied until they are able to control the entire political process.
It is well known that the Koch brothers have provided the major source of funding to the Tea Party and want to repeal the Affordable Care Act.
What else do the Koch brothers want?
In 1980, David Koch ran as the Libertarian Party’s vice-presidential candidate in 1980.
Let’s take a look at the 1980 Libertarian Party platform.
Here are just a few excerpts of the Libertarian Party platform that David Koch ran on in 1980:
“We urge the repeal of federal campaign finance laws, and the immediate abolition of the despotic Federal Election Commission.”
“We favor the abolition of Medicare and Medicaid programs.”
“We oppose any compulsory insurance or tax-supported plan to provide health services, including those which finance abortion services.”
“We also favor the deregulation of the medical insurance industry.”
“We favor the repeal of the fraudulent, virtually bankrupt, and increasingly oppressive Social Security system. Pending that repeal, participation in Social Security should be made voluntary.”
“We propose the abolition of the governmental Postal Service. The present system, in addition to being inefficient, encourages governmental surveillance of private correspondence. Pending abolition, we call for an end to the monopoly system and for allowing free competition in all aspects of postal service.”
“We oppose all personal and corporate income taxation, including capital gains taxes.”“We support the eventual repeal of all taxation.”
“As an interim measure, all criminal and civil sanctions against tax evasion should be terminated immediately.”
“We support repeal of all law which impede the ability of any person to find employment, such as minimum wage laws.”
“We advocate the complete separation of education and State. Government schools lead to the indoctrination of children and interfere with the free choice of individuals. Government ownership, operation, regulation, and subsidy of schools and colleges should be ended.”
“We condemn compulsory education laws … and we call for the immediate repeal of such laws.”
“We support the repeal of all taxes on the income or property of private schools, whether profit or non-profit.”
“We support the abolition of the Environmental Protection Agency.”
“We support abolition of the Department of Energy.”
“We call for the dissolution of all government agencies concerned with transportation, including the Department of Transportation.”
“We demand the return of America's railroad system to private ownership. We call for the privatization of the public roads and national highway system.”
“We specifically oppose laws requiring an individual to buy or use so-called "self-protection" equipment such as safety belts, air bags, or crash helmets.”
“We advocate the abolition of the Federal Aviation Administration.”
“We advocate the abolition of the Food and Drug Administration.”
“We support an end to all subsidies for child-bearing built into our present laws, including all welfare plans and the provision of tax-supported services for children.”
“We oppose all government welfare, relief projects, and ‘aid to the poor’ programs. All these government programs are privacy-invading, paternalistic, demeaning, and inefficient. The proper source of help for such persons is the voluntary efforts of private groups and individuals.”
“We call for the privatization of the inland waterways, and of the distribution system that brings water to industry, agriculture and households.”
“We call for the repeal of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.”
“We call for the abolition of the Consumer Product Safety Commission.”
“We support the repeal of all state usury laws.”
In other words, the agenda of the Koch brothers is not only to defund Obamacare. The agenda of the Koch brothers is to repeal every major piece of legislation that has been signed into law over the past 80 years that has protected the middle class, the elderly, the children, the sick, and the most vulnerable in this country.
It is clear that the Koch brothers and other right wing billionaires are calling the shots and are pulling the strings of the Republican Party.
And because of the disastrous Citizens United Supreme Court decision, they now have the power to spend an unlimited amount of money to buy the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the next President of the United States.
If they are allowed to hijack the American political process to defund Obamacare they will be back for more.
Tomorrow it will be Social Security, ending Medicare as we know it, repealing the minimum wage. It seems to me that the Koch brothers will not be content until they get everything they believe they are entitled to.
Our great nation can no longer be hijacked by right-wing billionaires like the Koch brothers.
For the sake of our children and our grandchildren, for the sake of our economy, we have got to let democracy prevail.
Labels: 2008 Crash, 2012 Election, ALEC, Dangerous Religion
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Aries Clean Energy Project Earns National Recognition for Sustainability
For the second time in less than 30 days, Aries Clean Energy’s gasification plant operating near Nashville has received recognition as a sustainability success. The latest award is national in scope, presented in Denver this week, from a leading environmental publication naming the facility a 2017 Top Project energy category winner.
“Having Environmental Leader choose our facility as one of the Top Projects in the country really puts us in impressive company,” said Aries CEO Greg Bafalis. “The list of current and former winners reads like a who’s who of American industry, and we are very proud our patented technology and design work has been included.” Other 2017 winners of Top Project awards include such companies as General Motors, 3M, Lockheed-Martin, and Ingersoll Rand.
The Environmental Leader Product & Project Awards recognize excellence in products and services that provide companies with energy and environmental benefits, or in corporate projects that improved environmental, sustainability or energy management and increased the bottom line. It is a five-point rating system designed to offer companies feedback and recognition. Third-party judges came from national and international companies including: AT&T, Kellogg, LNS Research, Marriott, Panasonic, Safeway, Sears Holdings Corporation, Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, and Tyco Global Products.
Judges considered the clean-tech waste-to-energy plant located in Lebanon, TN, an exemplary project. “This is such a great example of sustainability and could be a wonderful model for the rest of the world,” one judge said of the public/private gasification project. “They are using systems thinking to reduce waste, produce renewable energy, capture heat that normally would be wasted, and are also producing biochar which has great agricultural benefits.”
Another judge added, “A great example of how to increase government's productivity while also reducing their environmental impact.”
Last month, Aries Clean Energy's biomass gasification plant was recognized as the driving force behind the City of Lebanon's receipt of a 2017 Governor's Environmental Stewardship Award, the most prestigious conservation award in Tennessee. Now in its 31st year, the awards annually showcase exceptional voluntary actions that improve or protect the environment.
Aries Clean Energy deployed its patented gasification technology in design and construction of the plant that was commissioned in late 2016. It is the world’s largest downdraft gasification facility, and it utilizes a blend of wood waste from local industries, scrap tires from Wilson County and biosolids from the city’s wastewater treatment plant to produce green electricty.
About Aries Clean Energy:
Aries Clean Energy, LLC, based in Nashville, Tennessee, designs and builds innovative bio-based downdraft and fluidized bed gasification systems using its eight patents granted to date. Its projects provide for the sustainable disposal of waste, reduction of carbon emissions, and the production of clean thermal and electrical energy. The company’s ongoing R&D efforts are focused on cleaning syngas produced from waste for use in internal combustion engines.
Visit our website: www.ariescleanenergy.com
About Environmental Leader
Since 2006, Environmental Leader's website and daily email newsletter have provided the definitive and objective voice in reporting on business-related energy, environmental, and sustainability issues, while Energy Manager Today is the leading daily trade publication keeping corporate executives informed about energy management news. For a complete list of 2017 winners, visit www.environmentalleader.com/environmental-leader-product-project-awards-2017/
More in this category: « Aries Clean Energy Project Awarded State’s Highest Environmental Stewardship Recognition Record increase in electricity from the forest »
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Ferrari World - The World's Largest Indoor Amusement Park!
The World's Largest Indoor Amusement Park!
For all those Ferrari fans out there, Ferrari World is a dream come true. Located in Abu Dhabi, it has everything one could want for a great day (or even night) out. It is situated on Yas Island and includes theme parks, water parks, spas, themed resort hotels, physical centers, golf courses and much more. It is the largest indoor amusement park in the world and the first ever Ferrari themed playground in the world.
Within its 925,696 square feet of plush interior you will have plenty to entertain you. The park features over 20 rides and attractions, each specially designed to cover the various aspects of the legend that is Ferrari.
The park is the result of collaboration between Ferrari and Aldar properties, Abu Dhabi’s leading property development, management and Investment Company. The park officially opened to the public on 4th of November 2010.
Ferrari World is also famous for its spectacular roof, which is modeled after the side profile of a Ferarri GT. It has a total surface area of 2,152,782 feet and 12,370 tons of steel have been used to support the roof. As if all this wasn’t enough, the roof is also decorated with the largest Ferrari logo ever built. It measures 65m by 48.5 m. It is truly a symbol of engineering at its best.
The rides inside Ferrari World are like nothing you’ve ever seen before. It contains Formula Rossa, the world’s fastest rollercoaster. This coaster propels daredevils to speeds up to 240 km/hr, imitating the feeling of being in a Ferrari F1 car. There’s also G-Force, the spaceshot tower which launches riders 62 m in the air before plunging back to Earth, experiencing the actual G-force of a Ferrari, in a seat directly inspired by the Ferrari Enzo. There are many other rides such as Viaggio in Italia, V12 and Speed of Magic which offer the experience of a lifetime.
Even if you’re not a thrill-seeker there is plenty to keep yourself entertained. There’s a Ferrari Gallery which is the largest outside Maranello. Moreover, Yas Island offers a fine dining and shopping experience, with authentic Italian Food and unique shopping locations.
Ferrari World is the one destination that you simple cannot afford to miss!
The most Expensive things in the world
Top 10 tallest buildings in Dubai
SeaWorld Orlando - Meet Shamu the whale!
Harbin Ice and Snow World 2005
The Top 15 Skylines in the World
Millau Viaduct - Worlds tallest bridge
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65,000 Indonesians go loco for poco-poco in Asian Games record attempt
AFP Mon, 06 Aug 2018 Mon, 06 Aug 2018
Indonesia President Joko Widodo stands beside Vice President Yusuf Kalla during a dance called 'poco-poco' at the National Monument in Jakarta, Indonesia, August 5, 2018. Antara Foto/Aprilio Akbar via REUTERS
Jakarta: Indonesian president Joko Widodo led some 65,000 of his compatriots in a mass dance through the streets of Jakarta on Sunday to promote the Asian Games and try to set a world record along the way.
Jakarta and the city of Palembang on Sumatra will jointly host Asia's biggest sporting event from August 18 but President Widodo has previously complained about the lack of promotion and enthusiasm in the country.
In a bid to drum up support ahead of the games authorities turned to the poco-poco, a traditional line dance from North Sulawesi province.
Dressed in white and red -- the colour of the Indonesian flag -- President Widodo, his wife Iriana, and several high ranking officials led tens of thousands of Indonesians in a long, snaking line of dancers through the capital.
Organisers hope to break the world record for the largest number of people performing the traditional dance in one place and said 65,000 people took part in Jakarta.
"Poco-poco is the original culture of Indonesia and it's a native dance, so we are now performing a mass Poco-poco dance with 65,000 people setting the world record showing and reiterating Poco-poco belongs to Indonesia," police chief Tito Karnavian who took part in the event said.
Police and military staff, members of parliament, students, members of fitness centres as well as inmates in jails across Indonesia all showed their best Poco-poco moves at the same.
"This a very good opportunity to show that Indonesia is conserving its traditions," high school student Raja Farid Akbar said. "I am happy that I can help promote a tradition that could have been forgotten."
About 11,000 athletes and 5,000 officials from 45 Asian countries are expected to flock to Jakarta and Palembang for the August 18 to September 2 Games, the world's biggest multi-sport event behind the Olympics.
This handout picture taken and released by the Indonesian Presidential Palace on August 5, 2018 shows Indonesia's President Joko Widodo (2nd L) and Vice President Yusuf Kalla (2nd R) taking part in a mass dance through the streets of Jakarta to promote the Asian Games. AFP PHOTO / Indonesian Presidential Palace
This handout picture taken and released by the Indonesian Presidential Palace on August 5, 2018 shows Indonesia's President Joko Widodo (2nd R) and Vice President Yusuf Kalla (2nd L) taking part in a mass dance through the streets of Jakarta to promote the Asian Games. AFP PHOTO / Indonesian Presidential Palace
Aerial view of thousands of Indonesians standing during a dance called 'poco-poco' at the National Monument in Jakarta, Indonesia, August 5, 2018. Antara Foto/Akbar Nugroho Gumay via REUTERS
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‘DREAM MOVE’: Ferrari sign Leclerc, Raikkonen to join Sauber
Tue, 11 Sep 2018 Tue, 11 Sep 2018
Ferrari Driver Vettel, right, is flanked by Sauber's Leclerc during a press conference
Milan: Young Monaco driver Charles Leclerc will replace Finnish veteran Kimi Raikkonen at Ferrari next season with the former world champion returning to Sauber where he started his career, both Formula One teams announced yesterday.
The 20-year-old Leclerc – a Ferrari Driver Academy graduate – is a rising star of the sport winning GP3 in 2016 and Formula 2 in 2017, before making his debut in F1 this season with the Sauber team.
“Scuderia Ferrari announces that, at the end of the 2018 season, Kimi Raikkonen will step down from his current role,” the team said in a statement. “.. in the next Formula One racing season, Charles Leclerc will drive for the Team alongside Sebastian Vettel,” it added.
“Dreams do come true,” Leclerc posted on Twitter. “I’ll be driving for @scuderiaferrari for the 2019 Formula 1 World Championship.”
Leclerc has had a promising start to his rookie season, finishing sixth at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix, with 16 points from 14 races.
He has been nurtured by the Scuderia Ferrari for several years and is managed by Nicolas Todt, son of former Ferrari team principal and current FIA president Jean Todt.
“I will be eternally grateful to @scuderiaferrari for the opportunity given. To @nicolastodt for supporting me since 2011. To my family,” Leclerc added.
Leclerc also paid tribute to former French driver Jules Bianchi, who died aged 25 in 2015 from injuries he sustained at the Japanese Grand Prix.
“To Jules, thank you for all the things you learnt me, we will never forget you,” he added of Bianchi whom he knew from his karting days in south-east France.
The 38-year-old Raikkonen has entered 287 Grands Prix – 144 for Ferrari – winning 20 since his debut in 2001 with Sauber.
The Finn – known as the “Iceman” – achieved his 100th podium finish by finishing second at the Italian Grand Prix in Monza this month after claiming his 18th pole in style with F1’s all-time fastest lap.
This season he has had nine podium finishes and is third overall, 92 points behind Lewis Hamilton.
“During these years, Kimi’s contribution to the team, both as a driver and on account of his human qualities, has been fundamental. He played a decisive role in the team’s growth and was, at the same time, always a great team player,” Team Principal Maurizio Arrivabene said.
Raikkonen left F1 two years after winning the world title with Ferrari and spent two years competing in the World Rally Championship, before returning to F1 with Lotus in 2012.
Raikkonen moved back to Ferrari in 2014, and was a popular figure with over 87,000 fans signing a petition this week to keep him at the Maranello-based team.
“As a World Champion for Scuderia Ferrari, he will always be part of the Team’s history and family. We thank Kimi for all of this and wish him and his family a prosperous future,” the team added.
Sauber later confirmed Raikkonen would return to the team he made his debut with in 2001.
“The Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team is delighted to announce that Kimi Räikkönen will join the team from 2019. The 2007 Formula One World Champion has signed for the next two seasons,” Sauber confirmed.
Raikkonen left Sauber for McLaren in 2002 before rejoining Ferrari in 2006.
He tweeted: “Guess who’s back?! Next two years with @sauberf1team ahead! Feels extremely good to go back where it all began!”
Sauber team principal Frédéric Vasseur said: “Signing Kimi Räikkönen as our driver represents an important pillar of our project, and brings us closer to our target of making significant progress as a team in the near future.
“Kimi’s undoubted talent and immense experience in Formula One will not only contribute to the development of our car, but will also accelerate the growth and development of our team as a whole.
“Together, we will start the 2019 season with a strong foundation, driven by the determination to fight for results that count.”
Vasseur added: “It has been a great pleasure to support Charles Leclerc in his rookie year in Formula One. Since his arrival, he has given the team great motivation.”
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Lady Elizabeth Townsend receives Academia Award for her song ‘My King Jesus’
Lady Elizabeth Townsend is excited to receive the Academia Award for her melodious song ‘My King Jesus’. She takes pride in receiving the prestigious music award at the 2016 Akademia Gala Event, held in Los Angeles, California, which will prove to be a big step in her musical career. Acknowledging her achievement, Akademia Award mentions on their website, “Lady Elizabeth Townsend delivers a powerful and infectious song that shows off her personality and love for Jesus – sure to be a fan favorite among those who share her passion.”
She has won this award after a stringent voting process held by a panel of six judges that is constituted of former senior executives and industry veterans from some of the largest recording companies. Unlike the other awards that offer cash and prizes, the Akademia Award provides sales and marketing support to the winner which means it is a golden opportunity for Elizabeth to establish herself in the competitive music industry.
Akademia also mentioned that this award will mark the beginning of a robust campaign to market her song to a wider audience which will give her more recognition in the music industry. The organization will also help in promoting her song to various musical platforms such as the Berkshire Media Group radio stations, which seemed to be very impressed by her song ‘My King Jesus’.
Lady Elizabeth Townsend, a native of Washington State has begun her singing at an early age in her hometown in Yakima, Washington. She used to sing in a church with her sisters, called the voices of holiness under the director of their song leader Apostle Karon l Williams. Her love for music and poetry was also fostered by her mother, Mary Francis Marshall Williams, who played piano at the same church.
Elizabeth had her fair share of hardships in life including the time when she was diagnosed with Acute Thyroid disease which caused her to lose her voice. She quit her singing career and got into healthcare for the elderly while continued to write poetry. She went on to graduate from the University of Phoenix and finally won the battle against thyroid which enabled her to follow her passion for singing. Even though her voice was left hoarse and strained, she continued to praise the lord and through practice and strong will power, finally released music in 2012.
All these years of hardships and dedication paid off and led her to become the winner of the prestigious Akademia award which is a big milestone in her career. She has also topped the gospel radio charts, garnering over 2900 spins in the month of February which brought her to being nominated for the 2016 Rising Artist Award by Akademia.
Company Name: Akademia Gala Event
Contact Person: Executive
Email: DUBDAMACMEDIA@GMAIL.COM
Website: www.ladyelizabethtownsend1.com
CategoriesBooks & Literature, Business
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What Do Highly Successful People Have in Common? New Book Analyzes 12 Qualities of Highly Successful People
Bowie, MD – February 18, 2015 — In the recently released “12 Qualities of Highly Successful People,” Author Sati Achath analyzes character traits of one hundred and thirty personalities, past and present, from a varied range of backgrounds. The book delves into the lives of past politicians such as Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt and Dr. Martin Luther King, as well as contemporary politicians such as Bill Clinton and Barack Obama.
Highly influential people who changed the course of history, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela, are analyzed together with key scientists such as Thomas Edison. The range is diverse, from Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford to Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. Philanthropist Warren Buffet, Hollywood personality Steven Spielberg, actor Jim Carrey and Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook fame rub shoulders with Google’s Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Twitter’s Jack Dorsey and Amazon’s Jeff Bezos. The group is extremely diverse but they all have something in common- they are all highly successful and this success was analyzed to stem from 12 qualities and explained in the book.
The book looks into these 12 qualities and provides a clear road map to how these qualities can be inculcated in other individuals. Explaining that “You too can develop…” (An actual chapter title), the book can help people hone their traits and skills. The step-by-step Blueprint can help readers train themselves to transform who they are and be the best person that they can be. This in turn is bound to lead to success in personal and professional spheres.
With Chapters such as “Create your dreams and fulfil them” and “Set your goals and achieve them” the book trains readers in self-discipline, being proactive, and the overcoming of obstacles, self-confidence and the pursuit of excellence, among others.
The book is available at www.satiachath.com, Amazon.com, BN.com and other online and offline retailers.
Sati Achath is the author of four other books: 18 Simple Steps for Efficient Time Management, Hollywood Celebrities: Basic Things You’ve Always Wanted to Know, Fun with Hand Shadows, and a children’s book, Danny, Which Wheel Do You Like Best. Sati works as a Project Evaluation Specialist for the World Bank in Washington, D.C. He holds four master’s degrees and speaks six languages.
Video Link: http://www.youtube.com/embed/fcL8wxrHQPo
Company Name: SatiAchath.Com
Contact Person: Sati Achath
Email: satiachath@gmail.com
Website: http://www.satiachath.net/
CategoriesArts & Entertainment, Business
Previous PostPrevious Internet Inventor Speaks Out On FCC and Free and Open Internet
Next PostNext Anavex Reports Fiscal First Quarter 2015 Financial Results
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Home Latest News Realty Times - TRCC Paper Tiger Tuesday, 16 July 2019
Realty Times - TRCC Paper Tiger
Texas' Residential Construction Commission Deemed A Paper Tiger
The vast majority of complaints to a state agency created to give Texan home owners redress for new home defects may as well be fed into a paper shredder, according to findings in a study by the Lone Star State's comptroller.The Texas Residential Construction Commission (TRCC) is little more than a paper tiger with no authority to force home builders to comply with orders to fix new home defects -- 86 percent of home owners who've used the commission's resolution process said builders failed to fix the problem -- according to an October, 2005 Texas' Residential Construction Commission Deemed A Paper Tiger
by Broderick Perkins
The vast majority of complaints to a state agency created to give Texan home owners redress for new home defects may as well be fed into a paper shredder, according to findings in a study by the Lone Star State's comptroller.
The Texas Residential Construction Commission (TRCC) is little more than a paper tiger with no authority to force home builders to comply with orders to fix new home defects -- 86 percent of home owners who've used the commission's resolution process said builders failed to fix the problem -- according to an October, 2005 Review of the Texas Residential Construction Commission.
The study was conducted by Carole Keeton Strayhorn, Texas' Comptroller -- a gubernatorial hopeful -- at the behest of Texas House Of Representatives' Todd Smith (R-Bedford), chairman of Budget and Oversight on the House's Elections Committee and a member of the House's Appropriations Committee.
Without disputing the audit's findings, the commission said new home buyers can expect much better results as the two-year old commission gears up to enforce the law with new efforts developed just one month after Strayhorn's audit.
Builders say the study doesn't tell the whole story. They say the mere existence of the law in the previously unregulated home building marketplace deters errant builders much as a cop on the beat deters criminal activity.
Meanwhile, grassroots anti-defect advocates cheered the survey.
"It is remarkable that we have gotten something like this. It has been wonderful for us," said Janet Ahmad of San Antonio and president of Home Owners for Better Building (HOBB).
The group helped spearhead an effort for a new home lemon law before the Texas' Legislature opted instead to create the TRCC in 2003. The vote came after an ongoing hue and cry over new home defects led to numerous lawsuits in a market regulated largely only by a hodge podge of building codes.
Generally, TRCC required that by March 2004, home builders must hold a state certificate of registration to operate in Texas. Contractors who perform remodeling work amounting to $20,000 or more and those who perform work that changes the square footage of a home must also register.
The commission says more than 24,000 residential construction entities have registered with the state, compared to original estimates that some 4,000 would register.
The new law doesn't mandate a uniform building code, but a set of building and performance standards which detail how a home must perform after it is built.
For consumers, the law also comes with a State-Sponsored Inspection and Dispute Resolution Process (SIRP). SIRP allows a home owner to appeal to the commission to appoint a third-party independent inspector to check the home after a consumer finds new home or new construction defects that go unresolved for 30 days. Consumers pay a $250 fee that is reimbursed if the inspector's report supports the home owner's allegations.
Strayhorn said the commission spent $3.7 million on its operations in 2005, but after collecting $6.6 million from builders and home owners and transferring $2.9 million to the general fund, the commission has had little impact.
"My research found no evidence that the Texas Residential Construction Commission has had a favorable impact on the homeowner," Strayhorn said.
Strayhorn found that of 257 filed SIRPs, some 86 percent had third-party verified construction defects the builder didn't fix. The findings were based on responses from 102 of the 257 consumers who filed.
Also, 45 percent of respondents said they were unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with the SIRP process and 32 percent thought the fees charged for filing a SIRP were inappropriate.
Half of the consumers said the TRCC handled their SIRP "slowly" or "very slowly", 33 percent said the fees were "inappropriate" or "very inappropriate", 45 percent said third-party inspectors performance was only "fair" or "poor", and 17 percent of those with confirmed complaints waited four weeks or have yet to receive their refund.
"The agency should improve its customer service to homeowners. Only 69 percent of survey respondents were satisfied with how they were treated and only 59 percent thought the staff was knowledgeable about their claims. When home owners were asked to provide comments and concerns, moreover, most responded quite negatively," said Strayhorn.
Patrick Fortner, TRCC spokesman and head of its dispute and resolution process, says the commission has been understaffed and was in the throes of gearing up when the audit requested data -- four days after a new executive directory, Duane Waddill took his post.
"In a very short period of time we've had to create rules and procedures dealing with the day-to-day operation of a state agency," Fortner said.
However, before the audit was complete, the agency had already increased the number of people working in dispute resolution and enforcement operations and it had honed enforcement activity.
By November, the commissioners passed a new rule and issued a new form builders must use to document what they are doing to solve a dispute within 45 days after the dispute has been validated by a third-party inspector. A final report from the builder must also be submitted when the job is complete. A new complaint form for consumers is also available.
"We've just launched this. The forms went up on website last week and went out to builders last week. We think it is unlikely builders want to create a lasting document that says this agency found the home defective and their response was to do nothing," said Fortner.
"Most importantly, Mr. Waddill will look at separate cases and evaluate the builders. If it becomes apparent the builder is recalcitrant in regard to a customer, we can use our results as a basis to fine and or to revoke registrations. We believe we do have the authority," he added.
TRCC has cited 65 builders, forcing them to pay fines and fees, but nothing totalling more than about $1,000.
"We welcome the report and view the audit as an opportunity to see how we are doing since this process wasn't even fully formed while the comptroller was gathering data and doing the review. Forty-five days down the road, we'll get a pretty good idea what direction we need to go in," Fortner said.
The Texas Association of Builders supported the creation of TRCC, which removed the nebulous implied warranty that previously came with new homes in the Lone State. The association says, despite what the audit found, the commission has made inroads in terms of reducing the number of defects and getting defects repaired.
"How much crime does a policeman deter? You got to believe he prevents some. Builders have an incentive to get it done right. This is the first time in the state of Texas' history that there is a statewide building and performance standard. Today as a builder, I know what I have to deliver," said Jay Dyer, association spokesman.
Errant builders, said Dyer, should pay the price.
"The single-best marketing tool builders have is satisfied customers. If there is a builder who is not complying with the law, it should suffer legal consequences," Dyer added.
Anti-defect advocates say the audit is a solid start, but just a start and that the home building industry in Texas still needs a lot of work.
"I thought Strayhorn did an outstanding, comprehensive, in-depth study of a complicated situation, in a short period of time, but I don't think they'll (TRCC) do anything. They'll say all the right things when they talk to you, but then they do nothing. Maybe some little tweaks that won't harm the builders," said Nancy Seats, president of Homeowners Against Deficient Dwellings (HADD).
http://realtytimes.com/rtcpages/20060126_texasconstruct.htm
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2013 U18 WJC Video: Jack Eichel, USA
By Chapin Landvogt
Photo: Although this is Team USA forward Jack Eichel’s (#12) first appearance at the U18 WJC, he has represented his country at previous international tournaments (courtesy of Martin Rose/Getty Images)
Despite an opening game loss to Russia at the 2013 U18 World Junior Championship, Team USA forward Jack Eichel's first U18 game was a memorable one. After all, how many 16-year-old's can say that they played their first U18 WJC game in front of a packed house that included the president from the host country?
Eichel got his team off on the right foot, scoring the first goal of the game just 2:34 into the opening stanza. But Russia would eventually prevail, taking a 4-3 win in this tight opening contest.
The Chelmsford, MA native spent most of the 2012-13 season playing for the U.S. NTDP squad that competes in the USHL. In 35 games for that team, Eichel scored 13 goals and chipped in 14 assists for 27 points.
Eichel spoke with Hockey's Future after the loss to Russia.
Follow Chapin Landvogt on Twitter via @Csomichapin
Follow Hockey's Future on Twitter via @HockeysFuture
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Programme Committee Chair
Yannis Charalabidis
University of the Aegean, Greece
Yannis Charalabidis is Associate Professor at the Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, in Samos, Greece. He is heading the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit of the University, designing and managing youth entrepreneurship activities, and is the founding director of the Digital Governance Research Centre, coordinating policy making, research and application projects for governments and enterprises worldwide.
He has more than 25 years of experience in designing, implementing, managing and applying complex information systems, 10 of which in SingularLogic Software Group, leading software development and company expansion in Greece and Europe.
He has published more than 10 books and 200 papers in international journals and conferences, and actively participates in international standardisation committees and scientific bodies. During the last years, Yannis has been teaching as an invited professor at UC Berkeley, TU Delft, Stevens Institute, State University New York, University of Washington, City University Hong Kong, Swinburne University and Wollongong University Australia.
In 2016, he was nominated as the 8th most prolific author in Digital Government, among 10,000 authors of the domain, according with the Washington University survey. In 2018 he has been listed among the "100 most influential people in digital government" by Apolitical Group.
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Jenni Ogden
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JENNI'S OFF-GRID NEWSLETTER, No. 46 (JUNE 2019)
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William Beecher Scoville, Neurosurgeon of HM!
Surreptitious Serendipity
Thirty years ago I surreptiously took two photos of Henry Molaison, the world’s most famous and studied amnesiac. I was, at the time, a postdoctoral research fellow at MIT in Cambridge, Boston, and because my mentor, Professor Suzanne Corkin, headed the 50 year-long research program on “Patient HM” as he was known until his death, I was one of the lucky few who got to meet him, and ask him the same questions he was asked hundreds of times—“Do you know who the President of the United States is?”— and get an answer like “Ike” or sometimes a president slightly more recent than that (but not recent enough). Because HM was vulnerable to exploitation if his name or where he lived (in a nursing home in Hartford, not far from Boston) was known, his identity was an amazingly well-guarded secret, and those of us who worked with him (a euphemism for “tested him”) or cared for him were sworn to secrecy. I knew I shouldn’t have snapped those photos, but there we were, chatting away for hours, and why not? They were just for me so I wouldn’t forget his smiley face. Years later when I was at Auckland University I made the mistake of telling Suzanne I had those photos and she was horrified and told me to send her all the prints and negatives for her to destroy. So I did, but of course I kept one copy of each print (duh!). After HM died at age 82 in December, 2008, and his identity was revealed to the world in the many obituaries written about him (NYT, Guardian, Lancet and so on). Sue started to write her wonderful biography of HM, and lo and behold she asked me if by any chance I had kept a copy of the photos and could she use one in her book! Sue gave me permission to publish my HM photo in my own new book, “Trouble In Mind” which in fact was published before hers (but also after HM’s death). After that it “broke out” —the photo, not my book—and I am forever getting requests for it.
Next month a new and controversial book titled Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets will be published about HM and about the neurosurgeon, William Beecher Scoville, who performed his operation—the operation that stole HM’s memory and launched him into his new career as the most studied patient in history. Scoville was, according to a rumour that had long been spread, a cowboy neurosurgeon, and this new book, which is written by Luke Dittrich who just happens to be Scoville’s grandson and also an award winning journalist, turns rumour to fact. Dittrich’s book is superb, although I have issues with parts of it. His descriptions of the gruesome and almost unbelievable horrors of psychiatric treatments in the first half of the 20th century that his grandfather was centrally involved in are vivid and make one want to go have a soothing, cleansing shower. The later HM part of the book (HM was not a psychiatric patient but a very normal and intelligent man except for his epilepsy, the reason for his unethical brain operation) is well told and Dittrich’s descriptions and commentary on the sometimes questionable ethics of scientific research in the big universities like MIT (and everywhere else) thought-provoking. I have a cameo role in Dittrich’s book, chatting away with HM and surreptiously taking those photos (Dittrich interviewed me at some length, and mostly got stuff right).
Dittrich’s book comes out August 8th and I predict it will be a front runner for a Pulitzer Prize (but wot would I know?). It is going to be a BIG event, and on 7th August the New York Times Magazine’s cover article is by Dittrich and features me apparently (in a small way I’m sure). I know this because the NYT fact checker contacted me and gave me an oral exam about the entire history of memory research and the 12000+ neuropsychological findings that had been made over the past 60 years (as published in the 12000 articles and chapters on HM), and all without my doing not a lick of study on these topics for thirty years or so. Luckily fact checker Michelle (who was in fact delightful) didn’t know enough to fail me.
And that naughty HM photo will be in the article as well; who knows, perhaps on the front page. (NYT fact checker:“Did you really take those photos? How do we know that is really HM and not your uncle?”). The photos are also going to feature on a “PBS Newsroom” interview with Dittrich. I’m not sure what the moral of this story is, other than it pays not to always obey silly rules. Imagine if, apart from the few photos that exist of HM as a child and young man and one very blurred image of him at 80 in the rest home, we had no photos of this incredible man who gave 50 years of his life teaching us about memory?
To give you a flavour of Dittrich’s book, I have featured it as my review this month (I had an advance copy). For those of you who are not psychologists and don’t know too much about HM, the man who lived in the moment, here is a link to a post that summarises the HM story, I wrote a few years ago. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/trouble-in-mind/201201/hm-the-man-no-memory
My Writing “News”
1. I’m in two sessions at the Cairns Tropical Writers’ Festival 12th-14th August; It looks like a great program. Magda Szubanski, who won the Australian Book of the Year award, 2016, is the main guest speaker.
2. In mid-August there will be a promotion of my novel e-book, discounted for a limited time, and I’ll send a “special edition” newsletter out the day before with a tweet and FB post that I hope some of you might share. If you haven’t got the book and read e-books, here will be your chance to get it for half the price of a cup of coffee!
3. An Allen & Unwin senior editor loved my novel, contacted me, and is now working with me on my new novel! If I get it right and she loves it she said she may make me an offer when I’ve finished about half of it. Woo Hoo! Allen & Unwin is a great publisher and won the Australian Publisher of the Year Award again in 2016 both in Australia and NZ.
4. Thank you those of you who have posted reviews of A Drop in the Ocean, and I am always grateful for a review should you feel inclined to post one! A sentence or two or even just an honest rating if you enjoyed it, is all you need to do. Amazon promotes books with lots of reviews, and Goodreads readers love reviews. You can post the same review on multiple sites!
On Amazon.com (you can review anonymously, with a pseudonym, or your own name): Go to this link (http://www.amazon.com/Drop-Ocean-Novel-Jenni-Ogden/dp/1631520261?ie=UTF8&fpl=fresh&redirect=true&ref_=s9_simh_gw_g14_i1_r ), click on ‘customer reviews’ by the title. This will take you to the beginning of the customer reviews. Click on “Write a customer review.” Rate, write and save!
Same for Amazon.co.uk Here is their link (https://www.amazon.co.uk/Drop-Ocean-Jenni-Ogden/dp/1631520261/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1464322868&sr=1-1&keywords=Jenni+Ogden). It would be great if you would post your review on both Amazon sites, as they are separate sites in terms of their secret promotion algorithms etc .
Goodreads. You need to be a member to review here, but go on, join up! They don’t spam you and it is a great book site. Go to https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/27037952-a-drop-in-the-ocean and under image of book cover click “Read” and a review form pops up. Ignore all the bits about what date you started, etc and just rate the book and write you review, click “save” and you’re done.
Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets
by Luke Dittrich
Luke Dittrich, the author, and a prize-winning journalist, has written a fascinating, well-researched, and brave book about patient H.M. and Dittrich’s own grandfather, William Beecher Scoville, the neurosurgeon who performed the bilateral hippocampectomy that resulted in H.M’s dramatic and global amnesia, and precipitated him into his future as the most famous and studied medical case of all time. Of course, H.M. was never aware of his fame, although his comments sometimes hinted that he had a fleeting knowledge of his role as a experimental participant in thousands of memory experiments, mostly carried out at MIT in Cambridge, Boston. Dittrich delves into the ethics of psychological research (and indeed the much more controversial ‘experimental’ neurosurgical procedure performed by his grandfather), as well as the historic memory findings of the small number of researchers allowed access to H.M. The neurosurgical procedure, even viewed through a historical lens, was probably unethical, but the 50 + years of research following the discovery of H.M.’s amnesia, was not. Consent , as far as this was possible given H.M.’s amnesia, was sought, as were psychiatrist’s assessments of H.M.’s willingness to participate. Basically, once H.M. became amnesic, if he had not become an experimental participant he would probably have had a much more terrible life, forgotten and possibly neglected or abused in a back ward of a nursing home or a psychiatric institution somewhere. As Dittrich implies, he could have been treated more generously by MIT, especially in terms of money for his everyday needs, but anyone who knew H.M. would realise that perhaps his everyday needs were catered for in spite of these being very modest. For a man with no memory it is difficult to conceive of what else to supply to improve his existence. Again, for those who knew him, he did seem, almost always, in the moment, content. The occasional displays of brief annoyance are somewhat over-emphasised, and in the short but intense periods I worked with him, I certainly never saw one. It is hard to be angry when one can’t remember what one is being angry about.
Would a patient like H.M. be treated differently today? I suspect not, except in the sense of a more careful and thoughtful consideration of who should make decisions regarding his treatment, both as an experimental participant and regarding his medical treatment. There is no evidence that he had anything other than the best medical treatment in any case, but perhaps these decisions today would be overseen by an independent ethical committee, rather than the scientists and medical practitioners associated with MIT and one good friend of the family who became his trustee. From the testimony of many patients who are unambiguously able to give fully informed consent to participating in all manner of experiments, medical or psychological, knowing full well that the results will not benefit them, they willingly participate because they hope the experiment will benefit others, and often it also prevents boredom, or at least takes their minds off their own problems for a while. There is every reason to believe this is how H.M. felt as well, if only in the moment each time he was asked. This is certainly something he expressed. In today’s world there would of course be a much more formal and probably repeated written consent process to go through, but in the 1950s and 60s, informed consent was very much up to individual researchers, and medical ethics and patient rights not well understood. In H.M.’s case, one might even speculate that for someone else, or some trust, to have made a decision on his behalf that he should NOT contribute in this way could also have been seen as unethical. And of course, participants in these experiments tend to get the very best medical care, simply because they are part of a carefully controlled and well-funded study.
So the tragedy of H.M. was that he had intractable epilepsy, and that he was a guinea pig in a neurosurgical procedure that should never have been conducted, even given the knowledge at the time. Removing both hippocampi rather than just one (as is done today) is a neurosurgical decision difficult to comprehend, and suggests that Scoville was treating H.M. in a way that was unethical and disrespectful. The triumph of H.M. was the research that occurred later; its immense importance to neurosciences and thousands of patients since at the very least made the terrible sacrifice of his memory and independence less horrifying. This is how I believe the H.M. I knew would want to be remembered, not as a victim of a cowboy neurosurgeon. To give Scoville his due, he did campaign widely after he realised what damage his surgery had done, to ensure that this operation would never be done again.
The protection of H.M. throughout his research life is given considerable space in the book, and probably to the reader this protection seems extreme, and more for the benefit of the scientists than H.M. However, it is always considered ethical to ensure that experimental participants remain anonymous (and if they do not, they must give fully informed consent to this). So H.M. had to be protected during his life. It is amazing that, in spite of his many caregivers and 100 researchers knowing who he was and where he lived, no-one, including Dittrich, who tried very hard to track him down, ever found him! Professor Suzanne Corkin perhaps should be commended rather than blamed for this incredible feat. As H.M.’s importance to neuroscience grew, so did the likelihood that he would be exploited and tested constantly (rather than two or three periods of a few weeks each year on his visits to MIT) if his identity had been known and his access to researchers poorly monitored.
The final chapter in the H.M. story, at least as told in this book, concerns the acrimonious disagreements about the “ownership” of his brain following the sectioning of it. It is a story I hadn’t heard before, and it certainly raises questions about the ethics of science. However, Dittrich’s book presents only one side in detail, that of the outstanding neuroanatomist who sectioned the brain. It wasn’t for lack of effort on Dittrich’s part; he persistently tried to also hear and report the side of the scientists and administrators at MIT and MGH. But scientists and universities are wary of journalists, and protecting their own policies, and this is not especially surprising. Of course this is a brain that was given by H.M. (or his ‘trustee’ —whether or not we think this trustee was properly selected for the job and had H.M.’s best interests at heart) to science, and where it resides, or whether it is scattered between different institutions and for whose benefit, is a difficult issue. It perhaps will never be an issue the public will be able to debate as it has been kept close to the universities involved. Let us hope that this squabble between scientists does not detract from the amazing science they have all done, and future discoveries that continue to rely on the thousands of peer-reviewed scientific articles already published about H.M’s working brain, and the new findings still hidden in that hard-working sectioned and only partly studied dead brain. Only in that way can H.M.’s incredible and willing contribution (if his own comments can be believed) be maximised and H.M.'s sacrifice be respected.
Article of Possible Interest
My most recent Psychology Today post https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/trouble-in-mind/201607/behave is, believe it or not, once again about books, this time a fictional biography of John Watson, the father of radical behaviourism and his lover and then wife (after he was sacked from the university) Rosalie Rayner.
The next newsletter might be late or even non-existent as we will be in New Orleans and busy with Blues instead of books, and possibly with doubtful wireless connectivity. Then Mexico for three weeks and back to the US until 8th November. But a few newsletters will surely appear before then. Once again, thanks for your support, and carry on conning some more mates or enemies into subscribing to my e-newsletter! http://www.jenniogden.com/newsletter.htm
Contact me: jenniogdenauthor@gmail.com
Upmarket Women's Fiction
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Trouble In Mind: Stories From A Neuropsychologist's Casebook
For the general reader and beginning student.
Fractured Minds. A Case-Study Approach to Clinical Neuropsychology
An engaging introductory text of vivid case studies accompanied by clear descriptions of neuropsychological disorders.
Selected research articles & beach photos!
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Opinion | Support Those Who Support the Downtrodden
By Matthew I. Hirsch
The murder of 11 Jewish people in Pittsburgh triggers a range of emotions — on the one hand, grief, sadness and despair for lost souls, killed in cold blood as they gathered for Shabbat worship. On the other, anger, frustration and a desire for vengeance, aimed at hate-filled, well-armed anti-Semites who openly and proudly broadcast their blood-thirsty desire to kill Jews. And behind these feelings, there’s the lurking question of what is happening in America and why is it happening now?
Precipitating the madman’s murderous spree was his belief that his America was facing an existential threat from immigrants. His last post on social media complained of an onslaught of invading immigrants that would “kill our people.” Obviously motivated by a constant screed of inflammatory news from the anti-immigrant right about the arrival of immigrants from Central America and the threat this presented to his way of life, he decided to take matters into his own hands.
Using too-easily obtainable weapons and ammunition, he found a soft target — a synagogue, just starting to fill with Jews, in the peaceful, tolerant neighborhood of Squirrel Hill. There, he coolly took aim and killed 11 worshippers and wounded four police officers before being taken into custody. The killer was taken to a public hospital where, even as he was screaming about Jew-killing, he was treated for his wounds — by a Jewish doctor and a Jewish nurse, among others.
As a proud Jewish-American, I am wounded by these acts and troubled by the atmosphere that has led to a greater than 50 percent increase in anti-Jewish violence in the recent past.
What is the cause? Where does it come from? Who bears responsibility? How can it change?
The answers to these questions lie in each of us. Activism matters. Voting matters. Speaking out matters. Complacency equals complicity.
Perhaps the easiest way to be an activist for change is to contribute money to organizations who will do your activism for you. Another way is to attend rallies, call your representatives and send e-mails and letters to your elected officials decrying their cowardly inaction and insisting that they use their influence to stop gun-stoked violence aimed at minorities, including immigrants.
As he was preparing to kill Jews during Shabbat services, the killer took a moment to condemn HIAS, the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. HIAS is a more than 100-year-old organization, created by Jews to help other Jews fleeing pogroms and poverty in Europe to settle in America. In later decades, HIAS helped individuals destroyed by the Nazi Holocaust to rebuild their lives in America, then aided Jews chased from their homes in the Arab and Persian world resettle in America, then found homes in America for Jews fleeing persecution in the former Soviet Union.
In more recent years, HIAS’ mission has changed. As the imperative of Jewish immigration has slackened, HIAS has broadened its outreach and now provides refugee resettlement and other services to all immigrants who come in need. The organization’s services include representing indigent asylum seekers, helping immigrants to qualify for citizenship, offering legal support for victims of crimes and domestic violence, educating new arrivals on how to navigate public services and survive in a new, strange environment.
HIAS does not provide money for people trying to reach American soil. HIAS does not promote immigration to the United States. HIAS does not help criminal aliens or terrorists find a safe-haven here. Mostly, as it has for 120 years, HIAS helps the defenseless and the vulnerable. Under the Hebrew rubric of tikkun olam, or “heal the world,” HIAS — like many immigrant rights groups and volunteer agencies, including faith-based organizations like Catholic Social Services and Lutheran Family Services — provides help to newly-arrived immigrants who need the support.
Their new motto: “We welcome refugees not because they are Jewish, but because we are Jewish.”
So, if you want to respond to the killing of Jews in Pittsburgh, or to the threat of the alt-right in Charlottesville, or to the increase in anti-Semitic incidents, or to the hate-filled rhetoric aimed at immigrants, consider supporting the work of those organizations the anti-Semites love to hate.
Matthew I. Hirsch is an immigration attorney and member of Temple Beth Hillel-Beth El in Wynnewood.
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william J. hirsch November 12, 2018 at 3:15 pm
Remember David, the guy who licked Goliath with a slingshot? Well, Like Tristan and Cyrano, that Dave mastered (and Matt) the harp, putting the sword aside for the time being. Matt presents the age-old problem “hate problem” so familiar historically to the Jewish people. And he offers solutions. Look, we are one. Let’s stick our noses into this issue, and do a little (as Matt says) tikkkun olam-ing.
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Rescuers-united against terror, wildfires, and disasters- L.A.F.D & Israel
On September 11, 2013, Israelis honored and remembered the lives of nearly 3,000 innocent men, women and children who died at the hands of terrorists 12 years ago. A memorial ceremony at the site of the 9/11 Living Memorial in Jerusalem, honored the memories of the victims.
At the Van Nuys, California fire-house (which sent its firefighters who happened to be on the East Coast in 2001) Southwest US Consul General David Siegel delivered a vase of flowers sent on behalf of the Living Memorial- to the Sherman Oaks stationhouse monument to the NYC World Trade Center and Pentagon victims. The firefighters augment their unique monument which contains a limestone, remnant brick from The Pentagon and a steel beam from the World Trade Center- with a custom display of the names of the more than 3,000 people killed by Al Qaeda's hijacking on Sept. 11, 2001.
Asst. Chief Patrick Butler had collaborated with the Fire & Rescue Chief of Israel during a trip there. Butler consulted with his Israeli counterpart in coping with the expansive Mr. Carmel Fire, and compared best-practices in first-response to disaster rescue- an area that Israel and earthquake-prone L.A. emergency services need to have expertise in.
World Net Daily reported in "Are Terrorists Setting U.S. Wildfires?"
In July 2012, William Scott, a former National Security Agency official and Aviation Week editor, told the American Center for Democracy that terrorists are using fire as a tactical weapon of war. Scott explained that after U.S. Navy SEALs killed al-Qaida chief Osama bin Laden, they “captured a treasure trove of material that provided some unprecedented insight into the al-Qaida plans. And one of those was a detailed campaign for starting fires throughout the [American] West... U.S. officials have pretty much determined that some of the fires that burned in California [in 2011] were ignited by al-Qaida operatives,” Scott said.
Israeli Consul General to Southwest US David Siegel spoke about Israel's shared situation in defeating the forces of Islamism- especially those with WMD - such as chemical weapons in Syria.
Battalion 10 Cmdr. Don Reyes addressed the 9/11/13 Ceremony at Fire Station 88 in Sherman Oaks with his flying cross-country to NYC with 23 others to search, rescue, and comfort the victims of Al-Qaeda's attack on the domestic United States.
Event attendees, Fran and Harold Barash, discussed that 9/11 ceremonies such as Sherman Oaks ought to do more to educate Americans to the nature of the Islamist movement which attacked (and we still combat) with its aims to subjugate non-Muslims to its will.
How does the symbolism of the four Sukkot species ...
P.E.T.A. activists chase chickens, vilifying Jewis...
Rescuers-united against terror, wildfires, and dis...
Borscht Belt documentary "When Comedy Went to Scho...
High-Holiday special: What does G-d really expect ...
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Economy & Trade, Food & Agriculture, Global, Green Economy, Population
Q&A: The Future of Agriculture May Well Be in Cities
By Shari Nijman Reprint | | Print |
Shari Nijman interviews DICKSON DESPOMMIER, director of the Vertical Farm Project
NEW YORK, May 16 2012 (IPS) - In the coming decades, the world’s population is expected to grow by at least another two billion people, 80 percent of whom will live in cities by the year 2050.
Courtesy of Dickson Despommier
Feeding those people will stretch our current agricultural system to the limit, and take a substantial toll upon the world’s ecosystems.
IPS correspondent Shari Nijman interviews Dickson Despommier, professor of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia University and director of the Vertical Farm Project.
By combining agriculture with architecture, Despommier hopes to see multi-story high-tech greenhouses become integrated into urban skylines in the near future.
Excerpts from the interview follow.
Q: What is a vertical farm?
A: The concept of vertical farming is really quite simple. You simply take a greenhouse that’s high-tech, and stack (another) on top. So you have multiple greenhouses on top of each other.
Q: Where does the idea come from?
A: The modern concept had its origins in the late 1960s with Dr. (R. Buckminster) Fuller, John Todd and a few other futurists who actually suggested we should be growing food in tall buildings. But the idea never caught on because the timing wasn’t right.
The current concept of vertical farming started in a classroom that I taught – at least I think that’s where it started for me – back in 1999. And then we put our projects on the Internet in 2004 and next thing you know, we have some vertical farms to talk about.
Q: Where are those vertical farms located?
A: Three years ago there were none. But today, there are seven vertical farms. We can begin in Korea, which is a government-run project. It’s only three stories, but it’s modern, high-tech. Move to Japan… it takes place in a 747-sized hangar building. It looks like there’s an airplane inside but actually there are crops in there.
(The Japanese) are building another one near Fukushima, just to prove to the world that they can grow food anywhere, even in a damaged area. Because it’s all self-contained.
They’re building a 17-story vertical farm in Sweden. I can’t wait to see what that building is going to look like. They want this to be the gold standard for vertical farming. There also is one planned for Holland called Plant Lab. They want to build it underground, so it’s basically an up-side-down three story vertical farm, with no visible light. They are going to provide all the light via grow lights.
There are two vertical farms in the United States. There is one in Chicago, which is a retrofitted meat packing plant. And then there’s one in Seattle, it’s a brand new company with only two stories. But I understand they’re going to scale this up in the near future.
Finally, I understand there is one vertical farm in Singapore also. It’s sort of similar to the one in Korea, it’s about a three-story vertical farm as well.
Q: Those farms seem to be in very diverse geographical locations. Does climate or pollution has any effect on vertical farming?
A: My opinion about the feasibility of vertical farming is that there’s no place on earth where you could not do it. And I can name some places on earth – if they would vertically farm – that would be much better off than they are today.
Let’s take the country of Iceland, as an example. They have six months of winter and six months of summer. But they have all the geothermal energy they could possibly use, and more.
A vertical farm would be a great example of how to integrate this to an energy-rich country with a great need for fresh vegetables. I look at all the Scandinavian countries in the same way.
Q: How much does a vertical farm produce? Is it financially attractive?
A: If you take a one-acre greenhouse and grow leafy green vegetables only, per square foot you can grow 64 heads of lettuce per year. If you compare that to the outdoor farmers that can get maybe seven or eight heads of lettuce per square foot per year, that’s 10 times more.
Q: What are the economic benefits of vertical farming?
ENVIRONMENT: Where Farm Meets City, Hello Sty-Scrapers!
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U.S.: Occupiers Reclaim Land for Sustainable Farming
A: One is no food miles (transportation from farm to plate). Two, no agricultural runoff. A flood takes all the agricultural pesticides and herbicides and moves them from the lands to the river to the ocean. When you get it into the ocean it spoils everything. Vertical farming doesn’t do that.
Three: new jobs, lots of new jobs. Four: the use of abandoned city properties. A warehouse, for instance, just sits there, with nothing to do. You can fill that with agricultural initiatives that use grow lights.
Because agriculture indoors uses 70 percent less fresh water than outdoor agriculture, you save a lot of water too.
Other advantages: you can make a profit doing this of course, because you are growing year-round you can exclude insect pests if you build your buildings correctly. You can even take an old building and make it insect-proof. You can keep out rodents, for instance, you can recycle your energy through recovery by green high-tech incineration.
Plus, you can grow anything indoors you want.
Q: And the quality of the crops? How does that compare?
A: The history of indoor farming is fraught with improper nutrients for the plants, which makes them nutritionally less desirable than outdoor plans. This is in the past now. The biggest improvements have been nutritional because we now know all of the elements that plants need in order to grow. And we need seven more (nutrients).
So if you make a solution in water of those 18 (nutrients) plus the seven that we need and then you expose the root system to that solution, the plants would not only contain their nutrients for them, but also what we need.
I think today’s hydroponically grown tomatoes and lettuce and cucumbers and zucchini and green beans have the same or better nutritional value as the outdoor crops. The outdoor crops can’t control the uptake of heavy metals which come from things like leaded gasoline.
We stopped using leaded gasoline in the 1970s, but the lead from it is still around and still in the soil. They also take up pesticides; they will also take up herbicides. Those are things we don’t want in our diet, and we can exclude them by growing under controlled conditions where we don’t use them at all.
Q: What are the places that really need this the most?
A: The concept of vertical farming will emerge in most people’s perception as an elitist activity. Because only people with the most money and a high desire for local produced vegetables and fruits will support this concept. As with all other ideas that have application to the general population, the idea will be manipulated by technology, so that it becomes economic, efficient, mobile and modular.
Imagine vertical farming as a LEGO-like structure, in which all the (components) that fit together are already growing food. If you walk into this warehouse, it’s enormous, and the order is for a vertical farm eight stories tall that manufactures lettuce and some really exotic crops. And you click them all together and ship them out. You can situate these on a base anywhere in the world.
It is not an elitist activity at this point. Suddenly it becomes a way of intervening in natural disaster, to prevent unnecessary deaths. To prevent high rates of infant mortality, to supply food on a continuous basis for places that have no soil, like Sub-Saharan Africa, most of South Asia, and a lot of places in Southeast Asia. Places that are people-rich and food-poor.
Vertical farming will eventually morph into a strategy to supply clean drinking water and abundant safe to eat food to whoever needs it. Not (just) whoever wants it.
(END)
Small Farmers
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CRUMBLING PAK ECONOMY
Pakistan, the world’s sixth most populous country has embarked its journey as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and adopted its constitution in 1956 under a democratic framework. However, the country lost the track from very early of its being coming to existence marred by frequent coups, the imposition of Martial Law, rigged elections, the list is endless. Rampant corruption, unemployment, poverty has become part and parcel of common people. With ever-growing debt and increased inflation would make life more miserable in times to come. The economy is on a downward spiral for the past several years as it got trapped in a vicious circle of” loan and its repayment through loan”. Pakistan has been surviving on aids, primarily from America and loan from International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. It approached IMF recently for the 22nd time and received $6billion bailout package to ease its economic crisis.
Current State of the Economy
Pakistan is facing challenges on almost on all fronts – be it poverty, illiteracy or unemployment. It appears that the economy is on the verge of collapse as some economic drivers are:-
Debt- The total debt is approximately $95.1 billion as on June 2019.
GDP – The nominal GDP per Capita of the country was $1641 in 2018 and $1357 in 2019 which rank 147th and 154th respectively.
Growth rate – The annual growth rate averaged 4.94% from 1952 till 2018. There has been a shrink in growth rate in 2018 from the previous year from 5.79% to 5.20% and anticipated to be around 4.50% in 2020.
Inflation rate – The ideal inflation rate is about 3-4% for the sustained growth of the country. However, the inflation rate of Pakistan stands at 7.64% as on June 2019 whereas it is 2.05% and 2.10% in respect of India and China respectively.
FOREX reserve – The Foreign Exchange Reserve of the country was $14.950 in February 2019.
Account trade deficit – The trade deficit of the country has shrunk by $2 billion to $19.264 billion in the July 2018– January 2019 against $21.32 billion during the corresponding period the previous year.
Ease of doing business – As per latest World Bank annual rating, Pakistan rank 136 in the Ease of doing business.
Tourism – Pakistan is the 4th most treacherous country in the world and ranks at 124 in the world which has negatively affected the tourism industry and had contributed only 2.9% ($ 832.1million) of total GDP.
Unemployment – The unemployment rate is approximately 6%
Poverty- Poverty stands at 40% in 2018 as against 29.5% in 2014
Stock – A Chinese consortium has acquired 40% Million Equity of Pakistan Stock Exchange for $85 aimed at mobilising funds for China Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC)
CPEC- A Game Changer or Debt Trap
A Memorandum of Understanding ( MoU) for CPEC project between China and Pakistan, at first was signed for $46 billion in 2015 which swelled to $62 billion, for infrastructure development in roads, power sector, and railways to give a boost to Pak economy. As per the report issued by IMF, Pakistan has to repay this loan at an approximately $3.5 billion per annum from 2023-24 onward for the next twenty years. It appears that CPEC is not a contract but a debt trap by China as it has a very appalling reputation in debt return. China, in past, had invested in Sri Lanka but when Sri Lanka failed to repay the loan, it had taken over the Sri Lankan Port on lease for 99 years and now Sri Lanka has to pay taxes for its usage like any other country. Similarly, China had taken over Zambia’s national resources when it failed to repay the loan. Is China following old British tactics? What will be the fate of Pakistan, if it also falters on repayment of the loan is any body’s guess?
Defence Budget
In spite of such miserable economic crisis, Pakistan continues to increase its defence budget unabated every year in the garb of tenuous security threats from India. It had increased its defence budget by 20% for 2018-19 to $9.6 billion. It is to be noted that India’s defence budget is six times higher than Pakistan’s defence budget which is 25% of GDP. Is there any comparison?
It is well-established fact that Pakistan is breeding ground for terrorism and terrorist which played more havoc in its own country besides India, Afghanistan and other parts of the world. Terrorism is central to the downfall and current crisis of Pak economy as it stands isolated internationally. Foreign investment has dried up as it is the 4th most unsafe country in the world. America has already suspended $2 billion aid, already in Grey list of Financial Action Task Force(FATF) and the threat of getting blacklisted looming large, economic crisis may lead to economic collapse and Pakistan be a “Failed State” soon.
The economic situation of Pakistan is transiting through a critical phase and people are looking towards the solution of the challenges of the increase in debt, increase in import and decrease in export, low saving, lower investment, low tax collection, lack of policy implementation, excessive taxation and scores of others. Pakistan needs to perk up the security of the country by shunning terrorism to ensure an investment-friendly environment that attracts more foreign direct investment (FDI). Above all, Pakistan has to improve its relation with India and boost the trade with its neighbour. There has been a meagre trade of $2 billion between the two countries which also got stalled post-Pulwama incident. The bilateral trade may be augmented upto$36 billion benefitting the Pak most and earn a profit of approximately$10 billion which will have a significant impact on its economy despite the fact that it will have hardly any substantial impact on Indian economy whose overall trade stand at $700 billion. It is for Pakistan to take a call.
09 Jul 19/Monday Written by Faiyaz
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Breast Development
Photo by: Alex Luengo
A newborn baby has nipples, areolas, and the beginnings of breast tissue, but most of breast development occurs in two different periods of time in a woman's life: first in puberty , then during pregnancy. Breast development is a vital part of puberty in the human female. Interestingly, humans are the only mammals whose breasts develop before they are needed to serve their biological purpose—breastfeeding.
The first stage of breast development begins at about six weeks of fetal development with a thickening called the mammary ridge or the milk line. By six months of development, this ridge extends all the way down to the groin, but then regresses. Solid columns of cells form from each breast bud, with each column becoming a separate sweat gland. Each of these has its own separate duct leading to the nipple. By the final months of fetal development, these columns have become hollow, and by the time a female infant is born, a nipple and the beginnings of the milk-duct system have formed.
As a girl approaches puberty, the first outward signs of breast development begin to appear. When the ovaries start to secrete estrogen, fat in the connective tissue begins to accumulate causing the breasts to enlarge and the duct system begins to grow. Breast development normally begins about one to two years before the menstrual
The four stages of breast development. In Stage 1 shows the flat breasts of childhood. By Stage 2, breast buds are formed as milk ducts and fat tissue develop. In Stage 3, the breast become round and full, and the areola darkens. Stage 4 shows fully mature breasts.
(Illustration by GGS Information Services.)
period begins. Usually these signs are accompanied by the appearance of pubic hair and hair under the arms.
Once ovulation and menstruation begin, the maturing of the breasts begins with the formation of secretory glands at the end of the milk ducts. The breasts and duct system continue to grow and mature with the development of many glands and lobules. The rate at which breasts grow varies significantly and is different for each young woman. Breast development occurs in five stages:
Stage One: In preadolescence, the breasts are flat and only the tip of the nipple is raised.
Stage Two: Buds appear, breast and nipple are raised, fat tissue begins to form and the areola (dark area of skin that surrounds the nipple) enlarges.
Stage Three: Breasts are slightly larger with glandular breast tissue present. Initially this happens in a conical shape and later in a rounder shape. The areola begins to darken.
Stage Four: The nipple and areola become raised and form a second mound above the rest of the breast. Menstruation typically starts within two years of reaching this stage, and some girls skip this stage completely.
Stage Five: Mature adult breast is rounded and only the nipple is raised.
The entire process from the breast bud stage through stage five usually takes about three to five years, but for some girls it takes close to ten years. After these five stages, the breast is still not considered mature or fully developed. Only pregnancy brings about the fullness of breast growth and development.
Each month, women experience fluctuations in hormones that make up the normal menstrual cycle. Estrogen, which is produced by the ovaries in the first half of the menstrual cycle, stimulates the growth of milk ducts in the breasts. The increasing level of estrogen leads to ovulation halfway through the cycle, and then the hormone progesterone takes over in the second half of the cycle, stimulating the formation of the milk glands. These hormones are believed to be responsible for the cyclical changes such as the swelling, pain , and tenderness that many women experience in their breasts just before menstruation. Many women also experience changes in breast texture, with breasts feeling particularly lumpy. This, too, is related to the glands in the breast enlarging in preparation for a possible pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the breasts return to normal size.
Breast development can start in a girl as early as eight years or as late as 13 years. If a girl does not have breast buds or pubic hair, which is the first signs of puberty, by age 14, there may be other medical problems. Most girls begin menstruating between ages nine and 18, with an average around 12 years of age. Primary amenorrhea is the absence of any menstrual flow in a girl who has never menstruated by the age of 16. Primary amenorrhea is not considered to have occurred until a girl is beyond age 16, if she has undergone other normal changes that occur during puberty. Primary amenorrhea may occur with or without other signs of puberty, but this condition is rare in the United States occurring in only about 0.1 percent of all girls.
There are many possible causes of primary amenorrhea, including malnutrition , extreme obesity , genetic disorders, endocrine (hormonal) disorders, pituitary tumors, congenital abnormalities, anorexia nervosa , bulimia, and, of course, pregnancy. Emotional distress or crisis about being different from friends or family can occur.
Parents should become concerned if their daughter shows no signs of breast development by age 14 and if by the age of 16, there has not been a menstrual period.
Parents should call their health provider if their daughter is older than 16 and has not yet begun menstruating.
Anorexia nervosa —An eating disorder marked by an unrealistic fear of weight gain, self-starvation, and distortion of body image. It most commonly occurs in adolescent females.
Bulimia nervosa —An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior, such as vomiting, misusing laxatives, or excessive exercise.
Congenital —Present at birth.
Puberty —The point in development when the ability to reproduce begins. The gonads begin to function and secondary sexual characteristics begin to appear.
See also Puberty .
Adams, G. R., and M. D. Berzonsky. Blackwell Handbook of Adolescence (Blackwell Handbooks of Developmental Psychology). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.
Hayward, C., et al. Gender Differences at Puberty (Cambridge Studies on Child and Adolescent Health). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Love, S., et al. Dr. Susan Love's Breast Book. New York: Perseus Book Groups, 2000.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 409 12th Street, SW, PO Box 96920, Washington, DC 20090. Web site: http://www.acog.org.
Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nursing. 2000 L Street, NW, Suite 740, Washington, DC 20036. Web site: http://www.awhonn.org.
"Amenorrhea-primary." MedlinePlus , May 11, 2004. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001218.htm (accessed December 7, 2004).
"Breast Health." Breast Health. Available online at http://www.ohsuhealth.com/htaz/breast/breast_health_online_resources.cfm (accessed December 7, 2004).
4Girls. Available online at http://www.4girls.gov/ (accessed December 7, 2004).
Linda K. Bennington, RNC, MSN, CNS
Breast Development forum
Brachial Plexopathy, Obstetric Breath Holding Spells
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The Harlem Project
By Paul Tough
Back in 1990, Geoffrey Canada was just your average do-gooder. That year, he became the president of a nonprofit charitable organization based in Harlem called the Rheedlen Centers for Children and Families, and he set out trying to improve the world, one poor child at a time. It was a bad moment to be poor in New York City. Harlem, especially, was suffering under the simultaneous plagues of crack cocaine, cheap guns and rampant homelessness, and Canada's main goal at Rheedlen, in those years...
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Woman arrested in Champion Case
http://www.paducahsun.com/news/local/woman-arrested-in-champion-case/article_7075ee5a-5ad8-11e7-b4e5-10604b9f0f42.html
Kentucky State Police arrested a Hopkinsville woman Wednesday for an alleged role in the Oct. 26 slayings of Lindsey Champion, 62, his wife Joy, 60, and their 31-year-old daughter Emily at their Dover Road home in Cadiz.
Ann Plotkin, 41, was arrested at her Pennyroyal Homes apartment and presented to a special Trigg County grand jury, which indicted her on three counts of complicity to commit capital murder. She was also charged with resisting arrest in Christian County.
The Champion couple's son, Ryan Champion, 36, was arrested Oct. 31, and charged with his family's murder and that of Vito Riservato, 22, who was also found shot to death in the Champion home.
Police contend that Riservato and Champion teamed up to commit the slayings.
In another development, Champion's attorney Tom Osborne withdrew from the case Thursday.
As for Plotkin, Trooper Jay Thomas said state police have been investigating her since "shortly after the murders" and in the months that followed, authorities had built a case showing she may have known about the killings beforehand.
Commonwealth Attorney Carrie Ovey-Wiggins said authorities believe Plotkin was Ryan Champion's girlfriend.
"I can't comment on the specific evidence," Wiggins said. "But I can say that the murders occurred on Oct. 26, and since that time there has been an ongoing investigation that included the execution of several search warrants that included phone companies and social media companies."
Wiggins said the charges against Plotkin stem from information gleaned from those warrants.
Since his arrest, Plotkin has publicly voiced her support for Champion via Facebook saying "I know he's not guilty!" and "He didn't do anything wrong!" She also posted that Champion has her heart and that she missed and loved him.
Plotkin will be arraigned Friday, the same day as Champion's next pre-trial hearing.
Wiggins said Champion's hearing was originally scheduled to address motions made by Osborne but, now that Osborne is out, she was not sure what the hearing would cover.
"(Champion) will have to express to the court what his desire is as far as counsel," she said. "They will have to decide whether to bring another defense attorney on or have the public defender reassigned to the case."
Wiggins could not say why Osborne withdrew, just that his motion to withdraw cited "there had been a breakdown in the attorney-client relationship."
Plotkin is being held at Christian County Jail on a $3 million bond. Champion remains at the jail on a $5 million bond.
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Find sources: "Pandora TV" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Internet video sharing
Peter Kim, Founder and CEO
Samuel Lee, COO
www.pandora.tv
Pandora TV (판도라TV) is a video sharing website that hosts user-generated content. Founded in October 2004, Pandora TV is the first video sharing website in the world to attach advertisement to user-submitted video clips and to provide unlimited storage space for users to upload. The operating company, Pandora TV Co., Ltd., has its headquarters in the Seoul-Gangnam Building in Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul.[1][2]
In 2007 it was the fastest growing website in South Korea.[3] In 2008 it was the largest video sharing website in South Korea, and it had 3.6 million members. At the time it had 35% of the Korean marketshare for video sharing sites.[4]
The site is available in Korean, and since April 2008, in English, Chinese, and Japanese.
Pandora TV raised over $16 million from Silicon Valley venture capital firms - Altos Ventures and DCM - in two consecutive funding rounds 2006 and 2007, which represents the largest foreign investment made so far on any Korean Internet start-up.[5]
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^ "Fast Search & Transfer wins deal with South Korea's Pandora.TV." Forbes. April 25, 2007. Retrieved on September 17, 2011.
^ Sung, So-young. "YouTube to launch Web site here, where many others have failed." Joongang Daily. January 22, 2008. Retrieved on September 17, 2011.
^ "DCM invests in Pandora TV". www.dmwmedia.com. 2007-04-02. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-27.
^ "Global Top 100 Tech Startups 2007 Finalists (Red Herring)". December 2007.
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South-pointing chariot
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Exhibit in the Science Museum in London, England. This conjectural model chariot incorporates a differential gear.
指南車
指南车
zhǐ nán chē
jí nàahm guī
zi2 naam4 gui1
Technology portal
Geography portal
The south-pointing chariot (or carriage) was an ancient Chinese two-wheeled vehicle that carried a movable pointer to indicate the south, no matter how the chariot turned. Usually, the pointer took the form of a doll or figure with an outstretched arm. The chariot was supposedly used as a compass for navigation and may also have had other purposes.
The ancient Chinese invented a mobile-like armored cart in the 5th century BC called the Dongwu Che (Chinese: 洞屋车). It was used for the purpose of protecting warriors on the battlefield. The Chinese war wagon was designed as a kind of mobile protective cart with a shed-like roof. It would serve to be rolled up to city fortifications to provide protection for sappers digging underneath to weaken a wall's foundation. The early Chinese war wagon became the basis of technologies for the making of ancient Chinese south-pointing chariots.[1][2]
There are legends of earlier south-pointing chariots, but the first reliably documented one was created by the Chinese mechanical engineer Ma Jun (c. 200–265 CE) of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms. No ancient chariots still exist, but many extant ancient Chinese texts mention them, saying they were used intermittently until about 1300 CE. Some include information about their inner components and workings.
There were probably several types of south-pointing chariot which worked differently. In most or all of them, the rotating road wheels mechanically operated a geared mechanism to keep the pointer aimed correctly. The mechanism had no magnets and did not automatically detect which direction was south. The pointer was aimed southward by hand at the start of a journey. Subsequently, whenever the chariot turned, the mechanism rotated the pointer relative to the body of the chariot to counteract the turn and keep the pointer aiming in a constant direction, to the south. Thus the mechanism did a kind of directional dead reckoning, which is inherently prone to cumulative errors and uncertainties. Some chariots' mechanisms may have had differential gears. If so, it was probably the first use of differentials anywhere in the world.
1 Historical texts
1.1 Earliest sources
1.3 Song Shi
2 Chariots with differential gears
2.1 Background and explanation
2.2 Geometrical properties
2.3 Lack of precision, and implications
3 Chariots without differential gears
3.1 Mechanical designs
3.2 Non-mechanical possibilities
4 Necessity of non-mechanical orientation
5 Where they can be seen
Historical texts[edit]
Earliest sources[edit]
An image of a south-pointing chariot from Sancai Tuhui (first published 1609)
The south-pointing chariot, a mechanical-geared, wheeled vehicle used to discern the southern cardinal direction (without magnetics), was given a brief description by Ma's contemporary Fu Xuan.[3] The contemporary 3rd century CE source of the Weilüe, written by the East Han Dynasty politician Yuan Huan also described the south-pointing chariot of belonging to the Chinese mechanical engineer and politician Ma Jun.[4] The Jin Dynasty (265–420 CE) era text of the Shu Zheng Ji (Records of Military Expeditions), written by Guo Yuansheng, recorded that south-pointing chariots were often stored in the northern gatehouse of the Government Workshops (Shang Fang) of the capital city.[4] However, the later written Song Shu (Book of Song) (6th century CE) recorded the south-pointing chariot's design and use in further detail, as well as creating the background legend of the device's (supposed) use long before Ma's time, in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1050–771 BCE). The book also provided a description of the south-pointing chariot's re-invention and use in times after Ma Jun and the Three Kingdoms. The 6th century CE text, translated by the British scientist and historian Joseph Needham, reads as follows (the south-pointing chariot is referred to as the south-pointing carriage):
“ The south-pointing carriage was first constructed by the Duke of Zhou (beginning of the 1st millennium BC) as a means of conducting homewards certain envoys who had arrived from a great distance beyond the frontiers. The country to be traversed was a boundless plain, in which people lost their bearings as to east and west, so (the Duke) caused this vehicle to be made in order that the ambassadors should be able to distinguish north and south. The Gui Gu Zi book says that the people of the State of Zheng, when collecting jade, always carried with them a 'south-pointer', and by means of this were never in doubt (as to their position). During the Qin and Former Han dynasties, however, nothing more was heard of the vehicle. In the Later Han period, Zhang Heng re-invented it, but owing to the confusion and turmoil at the close of the dynasty it was not preserved.[5] ”
“ In the State of Wei, (in the San Guo period) Gaotong Long and Qin Lang were both famous scholars; they disputed about the south-pointing carriage before the court, saying that there was no such thing, and that the story was nonsense. But during the Qing-long reign period (233–237 AD) the emperor Ming Di commissioned the scholar Ma Jun to construct one, and he duly succeeded. This again was lost during the troubles attending the establishment of the Jin Dynasty.[6] ”
“ Later on, Shi Hu (emperor of the Jie Later Zhao Dynasty) had one made by Xie Fei, and again Linghu Sheng made one for Yao Xing (emperor of the Later Qin dynasty). The latter was obtained by emperor An Di of the Jin in the 13th year of the Yi-xi reign-period (417 AD), and it finally came into the hands of emperor Wu Di of the Liu Song Dynasty when he took over the administration of Chang'an. Its appearance and construction was like that of a drum-carriage (odometer). A wooden figure of a man was placed at the top, with its arm raised and pointing to the south, (and the mechanism was arranged in such a way that) although the carriage turned round and round, the pointer-arm still indicated the south. In State processions, the south-pointing carriage led the way, accompanied by the imperial guard.[7] ”
“ These vehicles, constructed as they had been by barbarian (Qiang) workmen, did not function particularly well. Though called south-pointing carriages, they very often did not point true, and had to negotiate curves step by step, with the help of someone inside to adjust the machinery. The ingenious man from Fanyang, Zi Zu Chongzhi frequently said, therefore, that a new (and properly automatic) south-pointing carriage ought to be constructed. So towards the close of the Sheng-Ming reign period (477–479 AD) the emperor Shun Di, during the premiership of the Prince of Qi, commissioned (Zi Zu Chongzhi) to make one, and when it was completed it was tested by Wang Seng-qian, military governor of Tanyang, and Liu Hsiu, president of the Board of Censors. The workmanship was excellent, and although the carriage was twisted and turned in a hundred directions, the hand never failed to point to the south. Under the Jin, moreover, there had also been a south-pointing ship.[7] ”
The last sentence of the passage is of great interest for navigation at sea, since the magnetic compass used for seafaring navigation was not used until the time of Shen Kuo (1031–1095). Although the Song Shu text describes earlier precedents of the south-pointing chariot before the time of Ma Jun, this is not entirely credible, as there are no pre-Han or Han Dynasty era texts that describe the device.[8] In fact, the first known source to describe stories of its legendary use during the Zhou period was the Gu Jin Zhu book of Cui Bao (c. 300 CE), written soon after the Three Kingdoms era.[4] Cui Bao also wrote that the intricate details of construction for the device were once written in the Shang Fang Gu Shi (Traditions of the Imperial Workshops), but the book was lost by his time.[4]
Children's instructive toy chariot in Chinese display at Expo 2005 in Japan
The invention of the south-pointing chariot also made its way to Japan by the 7th century. The Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan) of 720 CE described the earlier Chinese Buddhist monks Zhi Yu and Zhi You constructing several south-pointing Chariots for Emperor Tenji of Japan in 658 CE.[9] This was followed up by several more chariot devices built in 666 CE as well.[9]
Song Shi[edit]
The south-pointing chariot was also combined with the earlier Han Dynasty era invention of the odometer (also Greco-Roman), a mechanical device used to measure distance traveled, and found in all modern automobiles. It was mentioned in the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE) historical text of the Song Shi (compiled in 1345) that the engineers Yan Su (in 1027 CE) and Wu Deren (in 1107 CE) both created south-pointing chariots, which it details as follows.[10] (In Needham's translation, inches and feet (ft) are used as units of distance. 1 inch is 25.4 millimetres. 1 ft is 12 inches or 304.8 mm.)
“ In the 5th year of the Tian-Sheng reign period of the emperor Renzong (1027 AD), Yan Su, a Divisional Director in the Ministry of Works, made a south-pointing carriage. He memorialised the throne, saying, [after the usual historical introduction]: 'Throughout the Five Dynasties and until the reigning dynasty there has been, so far as I know, no one who has been able to construct such a vehicle. But now I have invented a design myself and have succeeded in completing it'.[10] ”
“ 'The method involves using a carriage with a single pole (for two horses). Above the outside framework of the body of the carriage let there be a cover in two stories. Set a wooden image of a xian (immortal) at the top, stretching out its arm to indicate the south. Use 9 wheels, great and small, with a total of 120 teeth, i.e. 2 foot-wheels (i.e. road-wheels, on which the carriage runs) 6 ft. high and 18 ft. in circumference, attached to the foot wheels, 2 vertical subordinate wheels, 2.4 ft. in diameter and 7.2 ft. in circumference, each with 24 teeth, the teeth being at intervals of 3 inches apart.[10] ”
“ '...Then below the crossbar at the end of the pole, two small vertical wheels 3 inches in diameter and pierced by an iron axle, to the left 1 small horizontal wheel, 1.2 feet in diameter, with 12 teeth, to the right 1 small horizontal wheel, 1.2 ft. in diameter, with 12 teeth, in the middle 1 large horizontal wheel, of diameter 4.8 ft. and circumference 14.4 ft., with 48 teeth, the teeth at intervals of 3 inches apart; in the middle a vertical shaft piercing the center (of the large horizontal wheel) 8 ft. high and 3 inches in diameter; at the top carrying the wooden figure of the xian'.[10] ”
“ 'When the carriage moves (southward) let the wooden figure point south. When it runs (and goes) eastwards, the (back end of the) pole is pushed to the right; the subordinate wheel attached to the right road-wheel will turn forward 12 teeth, drawing with it the right small horizontal wheel one revolution (and so) pushing the central large horizontal wheel to revolve a quarter turn to the left. When it has turned around 12 teeth, the carriage moves eastwards, and the wooden figure stands crosswise and points south. If (instead) it turns (and goes) westwards, the (back end of the) pole is pushed to the left; the subordinate wheel attached to the left road-wheel will turn forward with the road-wheel 12 teeth, drawing with it the left small horizontal wheel one revolution, and pushing the central large horizontal wheel to revolve a quarter turn to the right. When it has turned round 12 teeth, the carriage moves due west, but still the wooden figure stands crosswise and points south. If one wishes to travel northwards, the turning round, whether by east or west, is done in the same way'.[11] ”
After this initial description of Yan Su's device, the text continues to describe the work of Wu Deren, who crafted a wheeled device that would combine the odometer and south-pointing chariot:
“ It was ordered that the method should be handed down to the (appropriate) officials so that the machine might be made. In the first year of the Da-Guan reign period (1107 AD), the Chamberlain Wu Deren presented specifications of the south-pointing carriage and the carriage with the li-recording drum (odometer). The two vehicles were made, and were first used that year at the great ceremony of the ancestral sacrifice.[12] ”
“ The body of the south-pointing carriage was 11.15 ft. (long), 9.5 ft. wide, and 10.9 ft. deep. The carriage wheels were 5.7 ft. in diameter, the carriage pole 10.5 ft. long, and the carriage body in two stories, upper and lower. In the middle was placed a partition. Above there stood a figure of a xian holding a rod, on the left and right were tortoises and cranes, one each on either side, and four figures of boys each holding a tassel. In the upper story there were at the four corners trip-mechanisms, and also 13 horizontal wheels, each 1.85 ft. in diameter, 5.55 ft. in circumference, with 32 teeth at intervals of 1.8 inches apart. A central shaft, mounted on the partition, pierced downwards.[12] ”
“ In the lower story were 13 wheels. In the middle was the largest horizontal wheel, 3.8 ft. in diameter, 11.4 ft. in circumference, and having 100 teeth at intervals of 2.1 inches apart. (On vertical axles) reaching to the top (of the compartment) left and right, were two small horizontal wheels which could rise and fall, having an iron weight (attached to) each. Each of these was 1.1 ft. in diameter and 3.3 ft. in circumference, with 17 teeth, at intervals of 1.9 inches apart. Again, to left and right, were attached wheels, one on each side, in diameter 1.55 ft., in circumference 4.65 ft., and having 24 teeth, at intervals of 2.1 inches.[12] ”
“ Left and right, too, were double gear-wheels (lit. tier-wheels), a pair on either side. Each of the lower component gears was 2.1 ft. in diameter and 6.3 ft. in circumference, with 32 teeth, at intervals of 2.1 inches apart. Each of the upper component gears was 1.2 ft. in diameter and 3.6 ft. in circumference, with 32 teeth, at intervals of 1.1 inches apart. On each of the road-wheels of the carriage, left and right, was a vertical wheel 2.2 ft. in diameter, 6.6 ft. in circumference, with 32 teeth at intervals of 2.25 inches apart. Both to left and right at the back end of the pole there were small wheels without teeth (pulleys), from which hung bamboo cords, and both were tied above the left and right (ends of the) axle (of the carriage) respectively.[12] ”
“ If the carriage turns to the right, it causes the small pulley to the left of the back end of the pole to let down the left-hand (small horizontal) wheel. If it turns to the left, it causes the small pulley to the right of the back end of the pole to let down the right (small horizontal) wheel. However, the carriage moves the xian and the boys stand crosswise and point south. The carriage is harnessed with two red horses, bearing frontlets of bronze.[12] ”
Chariots with differential gears[edit]
Background and explanation[edit]
An illustration of a differential between the drive shaft (at bottom right) and driving wheels of an automobile
There is a widely believed hypothesis that most, if not all, south-pointing chariots worked by means of differential gears.[citation needed] A differential is an assembly of gears, nowadays used in almost all automobiles except some electric and hybrid-electric ones, which has three shafts linking it to the external world. They are conveniently labelled A, B, and C. The gears cause the rotation speed of Shaft A to be proportional to the sum of the rotation speeds of Shafts B and C. There are no other limitations on the rotation speeds of the shafts.
In an automobile, Shaft A is connected to the engine (through the transmission), and Shafts B and C are connected to two road wheels, one on each side of the vehicle. When the vehicle turns, the wheel going around the outside of the turning curve has to roll further and rotate faster than the wheel on the inside. The differential permits this to happen while both wheels are being driven by the engine. If the sum of the speeds of the wheels is constant, the speed of the engine does not change.
In a south-pointing chariot, according to the hypothesis, Shaft B was connected to one road wheel and Shaft C was connected through a direction-reversing gear to the other road wheel. This made Shaft A rotate at a speed that was proportional to the difference between the rotation speeds of the two wheels. The pointing doll was connected (possibly through intermediate gears) to Shaft A. When the chariot moved in a straight line, the two wheels turned at equal speeds, and the doll did not rotate. When the chariot turned, the wheels rotated at different speeds (for the same reason as in an automobile), so the differential caused the doll to rotate, compensating for the turning of the chariot.
The hypothesis that there were south-pointing chariots with differential gears originated in the 20th century. People who were familiar with modern (e.g. automotive) uses of differentials interpreted some of the ancient Chinese descriptions in ways that agreed with their own ideas. Essentially, they re-invented the south-pointing chariot, as it had previously been re-invented several times in antiquity. Working chariots that use differentials have been constructed in recent decades. Whether any such chariots existed previously is not known with certainty.
Although the Antikythera mechanism is believed to have used differential gears, the first true differential gear definitely known to have been used was by Joseph Williamson in 1720.[13] He used a differential for correcting the equation of time for a clock that displayed both mean and solar time.[13]
Geometrical properties[edit]
If the south-pointing chariot were built perfectly accurately, using a differential gear, and if it travelled on an Earth that was perfectly smooth, it would have interesting properties. It would be a mechanical compass that transports a direction, given by the pointer, along the path it travels. Mathematically the device performs parallel transport along the path it travels.
The chariot can be used to detect straight lines or geodesics. A path on a surface the chariot travels along is a geodesic if and only if the pointer does not rotate with respect to the base of the chariot.
Because of the curvature of the Earth's surface (due to it being curved around as a globe), the chariot would generally not continue to point due south as it moves. For example, if the chariot moves along a geodesic (as approximated by any great circle) the pointer should instead stay at a fixed angle to the path. Also, if two chariots travel by different routes between the same starting and finishing points, their pointers, which were aimed in the same direction at the start, usually do not point in the same direction at the finish. Likewise, if a chariot goes around a closed loop, starting and finishing at the same point on the Earth's surface, its pointer generally does not aim in the same direction at the finish as it did at the start. The difference is the holonomy of the path, and is proportional to the enclosed area. If the journeys are short compared with the radius of the Earth, these discrepancies are small and may have no practical importance. Nevertheless, they show that this type of chariot, based on differential gears, would be an imperfect compass even if constructed exactly and used in ideal conditions.
Lack of precision, and implications[edit]
Real machines are never built perfectly accurately. Simple geometry shows that if the chariot's mechanism is based on a differential gear and if, for example, the width of the track of the chariot (the separation between its wheels) is three metres, and if the wheels are intended to be identical but actually differ in diameter by one part in a thousand, then if the chariot travels one kilometre in a straight line, the "south-pointing" figure will rotate nearly twenty degrees. If it initially points exactly to the south, at the end of the one-kilometre trip it will point almost to the south-southeast or south-southwest, depending on which wheel is the larger. If the chariot travels nine kilometres, the figure will end up pointing almost due north. Obviously, this would make it useless as a south-pointing compass. To be a useful navigational tool, the figure would have to rotate no more than a couple of degrees over a journey of a hundred kilometres, but this would require the chariot's wheels to be equal in diameter to within one part in a million. Even if the process of manufacturing the wheels were capable of this precision (which would not be possible with ancient Chinese methods), it is doubtful that the equality of the wheels could be maintained for long as they are subjected to the wear and tear of travelling across open country. Irregularity of the ground would add further errors to the device's functioning.
Considerable scepticism is therefore warranted as to whether this type of south-pointing chariot, using a differential gear for the whole time, was used in practice to navigate over long distances. Conceivably, the south-pointing doll was fixed to the body of the chariot while it was travelling in straight lines, and coupled to the differential only when the chariot was turning. The charioteer could have operated a control to do this just before and after making each turn, or maybe shouted commands to someone inside the chariot who connected and disconnected the doll and the differential. This could have been done without stopping the chariot. If turns were brief and rare, this would have greatly reduced the pointing errors, since they would have accumulated only during the short periods when the doll and differential were connected. However, it raises the problem of how the chariot could have been kept travelling in straight lines with sufficient accuracy without using the pointing doll.
If the real purposes of the chariot and the accounts of it were amusement and impressing visiting foreigners, rather than actual long-distance navigation, then its inaccuracy might not have been important. Considering that a large mechanical wagon or chariot would be obligated to travel on roads, the destination in question would typically not be in an unknown direction. The fact that the sources cited above mention that the chariot was placed at the front of processions, its high level of mechanical complexity and fragility, and that it was 'reinvented' several times contribute to the conclusion that it was not used for navigation, as a truly practical and useful navigational tool would not be forgotten or left unused.
Chariots without differential gears[edit]
Although the hypothesis that the south-pointing chariot used differential gears has gained wide acceptance, it should be recognized that functional south-pointing chariots without differential gears are possible. The ancient descriptions are often unclear, but they suggest that the Chinese implemented several different designs, at least some of which did not include differentials.
Mechanical designs[edit]
Some of the ancient descriptions suggest that some south-pointing chariots could move in only three ways: straight ahead, or turning left or right with a fixed radius of curvature. A third wheel might have been used to fix the turning radius. If the chariot was turning, the pointing doll was connected by gears to one or other of the two main road wheels (e.g. whichever was on the outside of the curve around which the chariot was moving) so the doll rotated at a fixed speed, relative to the rate of the chariot's movement, to compensate for the predetermined rate of turn. The doll turned in opposite directions depending on which road wheel was connected to it, so its rotation compensated for the chariot turning left or right. This design would have been simpler than using a differential gear.
The chariots of Yan Su and Wu Deren appear to have used this type of mechanism. (See descriptions quoted from the Song Shi, above.) Apart from the presence of components in Wu Deren's vehicle to make it function as an odometer, there were only minor differences between them. In each chariot, the two main road wheels were attached to vertical gear wheels. A large horizontal gear wheel was linked (possibly via intermediate gearing) to the pointing doll, and was positioned so a diameter almost spanned the space between the uppermost points of the vertical gear wheels. When the chariot was moving straight ahead, there was no connection between these gears, but when the chariot turned, a small gear wheel was lowered into contact with the horizontal gear and one of the vertical gears, thus linking the doll to one of the road wheels. Two small gear wheels were available, one to connect the horizontal gear to each of the vertical ones. Of course, they were not used simultaneously. The small gear wheels were raised and lowered by an arrangement of weights, pulleys and cords which were attached to the pole to which the horses that pulled the chariot were harnessed. When the horses moved to one side or the other, in order to turn the chariot, the pole moved and the cords lowered the appropriate small gear wheel into its working position. When the horses returned to walking straight ahead, the small gear wheel was raised out of contact with the main horizontal and vertical gears. Thus the system functioned automatically. The mirror-symmetry of the vertical gears being linked by the small gears to the horizontal gear at diametrically opposite points caused the horizontal gear to rotate in opposite directions depending on which road wheel was linked to it, thus rotating the pointing doll in opposite directions when the chariot turned left and right.
The description does not mention a third road wheel to fix the turning radius, but it is possible that such a wheel was present. No gears would have been attached to it, so perhaps the author of the description did not mention it because he did not realize that it was an important part of the mechanism. Putting such a wheel on the chariot and making it function properly would not have been difficult. It might have been attached to the pole to which the horses were harnessed. Stops would have been provided to limit the motions of the pole to left and right.
If a third road wheel was included, this type of south-pointing chariot could have worked quite accurately as a compass when used for short journeys under good conditions, but if used for long journeys it would have been subject to cumulative errors, like chariots using the differential mechanism.
If in fact there was no third road wheel, the chariot might have functioned as a compass if turns were always made so that one of the two wheels was stationary and only the other rotated, with the pointing doll connected to it by gears. The charioteer could have kept the stationary wheel from turning by controlling the horses appropriately. (A brake would have helped, but there is no mention of one in the description.) The radius of the curve around which the rotating wheel moved would have equalled the track-width of the chariot, and the gears turning the doll would have been chosen accordingly. This design would have worked as a compass for short journeys, but would have suffered from cumulative errors if used for long ones. Also, the chariot would have been slow and awkward to turn. This might not have mattered if turns were rarely executed.
The Song Shi description of the gears in Yan Su's chariot, and the numbers of teeth on them, suggests that it worked this way, without a third road wheel. The gear ratios would have been correct if the pointing doll was attached directly to the large horizontal gear wheel, and the track-width of the chariot equalled the diameter of the road wheels. Wu Deren's chariot also appears to have been designed to work this way. The width of the chariot, and therefore presumably the track-width, was greater than the diameter of the wheels. The gear ratios were appropriate for these dimensions.
The charioteer would have had to use great skill to ensure that the radius of each turn of the chariot was correct to make one of the wheels exactly stop rotating. Unless he did this correctly, the pointing doll would not have kept aiming to the south. He would have been able to adjust the direction in which it aimed by making turns that were more or less sharp. This would sometimes have given him opportunities to use the chariot dishonestly. If it was being demonstrated to spectators, for example, and was being driven around in front of them, making many turns, the charioteer, who would have known which way was south, would have been able to make the chariot appear to work extremely accurately as a compass for long periods. The spectators could have been shown the machinery, and would have seen that the charioteer could not manipulate the doll. They would presumably have been impressed by the apparent accuracy of the mechanism. It is possible that this type of chariot was sometimes constructed with the prime purpose of fraudulently impressing spectators. Possibly, people who built these chariots deceived their own employers with them, which could have gained them fame and fortune provided nobody tried using the chariots for real navigation.
Other mechanical designs for the south-pointing chariot are also possible, including ones that employ a device that is used today, the gyrocompass. However, there is no indication that the ancient Chinese knew of these.
Non-mechanical possibilities[edit]
Some south-pointing chariots may not have been purely mechanical devices. Someone riding inside the chariot may have used some non-mechanical method of determining the compass directions, and turned the doll on top of the chariot accordingly. There are several methods that could have been used, for example:
By using a magnetic compass. The Chinese were using this for navigation by the 11th century CE, when south-pointing chariots were still being made and used.
By using astronomical observations of the Sun and/or stars, e.g. the Pole Star. Chinese astronomical knowledge was extensive.
By using local knowledge. The person in the chariot may have known the area or had a map or description of it.
By observing the polarization of light from the sky. Vikings used birefringent crystals of Iceland spar to navigate across the Atlantic Ocean by this method at about the same time.[citation needed] Iceland spar is found in China, as well as in Iceland and some other places. Insects such as bees can respond to sky polarization and use it to find their way home. Whether the Chinese used it is hypothetical, but it is certainly possible.
By observing light that had been refracted by the Earth's atmosphere. This is one of the techniques that were used by Polynesian navigators to steer ships among Pacific islands. When the surface of the Earth, ocean or ground, is colder than the air above it, a dense layer of air is formed near the surface, which refracts light downward. The result is that light can go around the curvature of the Earth, allowing things to be seen at much greater distances than simple geometry would predict. The images are very distorted, but they can be recognized by skilled navigators. Certain other Polynesian techniques can also be used on land and may have been employed by the Chinese.
Unlike mechanisms that rely on the rotation of road wheels, most of these methods can be used at sea. This may account for the mention (see "Earliest sources" above) that a marine version of the south-pointing chariot existed.
These methods can work accurately over long distances, unlike the mechanical designs for the chariot.
Necessity of non-mechanical orientation[edit]
South-pointing chariot replica at the Ibn Battuta Mall, Dubai
Some non-mechanical method of finding the south must have been used when a mechanical south-pointing chariot was initialized, aiming its pointer to the south at the start of a journey. Any of the methods mentioned above in "Non-mechanical possibilities" could have been used.
If any south-pointing chariot was really used for long-distance navigation, it must have relied (after initialization) on a non-mechanical direction-finding method. It might have been operated non-mechanically by someone riding in it, as outlined above. Alternatively, if it had a mechanical mechanism, it must have been frequently re-initialized non-mechanically to eliminate accumulated errors and uncertainties.
The only chariots that might not have needed non-mechanical methods of finding the south would have been those that were never used for long-distance navigation. If some chariots were used only for amusement or fraud, they could have worked purely mechanically. Even initialization could have been avoided by simply declaring some arbitrary direction to be "south".
Where they can be seen[edit]
While none of the historic south-pointing chariots remain, full sized replicas can be found.
The History Museum in Beijing, China, holds a replica based on the mechanism of Yen Su (1027). The National Palace Museum in Taipei, Taiwan, holds a replica based on the Lanchester mechanism of 1932.
Referred to as the "southern pointing man", two replicas can also be seen (and physically experimented with) at the Ontario Science Centre in Toronto, Canada.
Chariots in ancient China
Chinese war wagon
History of science and technology in China
List of Chinese inventions
^ Haskew, Michael E; Jorgensen, Christer; McNab, Chris; Niderost, Eric (2008). Fighting Techniques of the Oriental World 1200-1860. Metro Books. p. 179. ISBN 978-1905704965.
^ Lu, Yongxiang (2014). A History of Chinese Science and Technology. 3. Springer (published October 20, 2014). p. 516. ISBN 978-3662441626.
^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 40.
^ a b c d Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 288
^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 286.
^ Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 286–287.
^ a b Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 287.
^ a b c d Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 291.
^ a b c d e Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 292.
The Chinese South-Seeking chariot: A simple mechanical device for visualizing curvature and parallel transport M. Santander, American Journal of Physics – September 1992 – Volume 60, Issue 9, pp. 782–787
Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
Kit Williams, Engines of Ingenuity, Gingko Press (February 2002), ISBN 978-1-58423-106-6
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South-pointing chariot.
South Pointing Things – Useful site with lot of info, images and plans for building chariots
RLT – Fully functional model kit
A video of a 3D model of an open differential
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South-pointing_chariot&oldid=886285193"
Chinese inventions
Human-powered vehicles
Military vehicles of China
Warhorses
Articles lacking in-text citations from September 2015
This page was last edited on 5 March 2019, at 09:07 (UTC).
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This article is about the race at Chicagoland Speedway. For the race at Pocono Raceway that went by the Gander Outdoors 400 name in 2017, see Gander Outdoors 400.
Chicagoland Speedway
Joliet, Illinois, United States
Camping World[1]
400.5 miles (644.5 km)
Tropicana 400 (2001–2004)
USG Sheetrock 400 (2005–2007)
LifeLock.com 400 (2008–2010)
GEICO 400 (2011–2013)
MyAFibStory.com 400 (2014)
MyAFibRisk.com 400 (2015)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 400 (2016)
Tales of the Turtles 400 (2017)
Overton's 400 (2018)[2]
Tony Stewart (3)
Joe Gibbs Racing (6)
1.5 mi (2.4 km)
The Camping World 400 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held annually at Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet, Illinois. The inaugural race was held in 2001. Previously, the race was held in July from 2001 through 2010, with night races held from 2008[3] to 2010. Then from 2011 to 2017, the races was held as the first race of the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series playoffs in the round of 16. In 2018, as part of the schedule realignment, the race was held on the last weekend of June.
1 Race history
2 Past winners
2.1 Multiple winners (drivers)
2.2 Multiple winners (teams)
2.3 Manufacturer wins
3 Race reports
4 Television broadcasters
Race history[edit]
In May 2000, as Chicagoland Speedway was under construction, it was announced that the track would hold a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race beginning in the 2001 season.[4] Tropicana served as the race's sponsor from 2001 to 2004, followed by USG Corporation from 2005 to 2007, LifeLock.com from 2008 to 2010, GEICO from 2011 to 2013, Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Pharmaceutica from 2014 to 2015, and Nickelodeon has sponsored the race through the network's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles series since 2016.[5] Kevin Harvick won the first two runnings of the race in 2001 and 2002, while Tony Stewart has the most wins in the race's history, having won it three times, in 2004, 2007 and 2011. Traditionally run in early to mid July, the race became the opening race of the NASCAR playoffs in 2011, moving the race to mid September in the process. However, due to a schedule realignment in 2018, the race will return to a July race weekend moving forward.
2002 pre-race
Race action in 2012.
Past winners[edit]
2001 July 15 29 Kevin Harvick Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 267 400.5 (644.542) 3:18:16 121.2 Report
2002 July 14 29 Kevin Harvick Richard Childress Racing Chevrolet 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:55:37 136.832 Report
2003 July 13 12 Ryan Newman Penske Racing Dodge 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:59:15 134.59 Report
2004 July 11 20 Tony Stewart Joe Gibbs Racing Chevrolet 267 400.5 (644.542) 3:05:33 129.507 Report
2005 July 10 8 Dale Earnhardt Jr. Dale Earnhardt, Inc. Chevrolet 267 400.5 (644.542) 3:08:16 127.638 Report
2006 July 9 24 Jeff Gordon Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 270* 405 (651.784) 3:03:59 132.077 Report
2008 July 12 18 Kyle Busch Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:59:20 133.936 Report
2009 July 11 5 Mark Martin Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:59:39 133.804 Report
2010 July 10 00 David Reutimann Michael Waltrip Racing Toyota 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:45:34 145.138 Report
2011 Sept 19* 14 Tony Stewart Stewart-Haas Racing Chevrolet 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:47:41 143.306 Report
2012 Sep 16 2 Brad Keselowski Penske Racing Dodge 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:47:37 143.363 Report
2013* Sep 15 20 Matt Kenseth Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 267 400.5 (644.542) 3:10:56 125.855 Report
2014 Sep 14 2 Brad Keselowski Team Penske Ford 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:48:50 142.33 Report
2015 Sep 20 11 Denny Hamlin Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:51:30 140.117 Report
2016 Sep 18 78 Martin Truex Jr. Furniture Row Racing Toyota 270* 405 (651.784) 2:47:24 145.161 Report
2017 Sep 17 78 Martin Truex Jr. Furniture Row Racing Toyota 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:45:16 145.401 Report
2018 July 1 18 Kyle Busch Joe Gibbs Racing Toyota 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:50:52 140.636 Report
2019 June 30 88 Alex Bowman Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet 267 400.5 (644.542) 2:50:49 140.677 Report
2006 and 2016: Race extended due to a NASCAR Overtime finish.
2011: Race postponed from Sunday to Monday due to rain.
2013: Race started more than one hour late and then halted after 109 laps for five hours due to rain; the race started during the day but ended at night due to the delays.
Multiple winners (drivers)[edit]
Tony Stewart 2004, 2007, 2011
Kevin Harvick 2001, 2002
Brad Keselowski 2012, 2014
Martin Truex Jr. 2016, 2017
Kyle Busch 2008, 2018
Multiple winners (teams)[edit]
Joe Gibbs Racing 2004, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2015, 2018
Team Penske 2003, 2012, 2014
Hendrick Motorsports 2006, 2009, 2019
Furniture Row Racing 2016, 2017
Manufacturer wins[edit]
Chevrolet 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2019
Toyota 2008, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
Dodge 2003, 2012
Race reports[edit]
2010: The race began the pre-race ceremonies by giving the invocation. Afterward, Jim Cornelison, the Chicago Blackhawks national anthem singer, performed the United States National Anthem while Duncan Keith gave the command to start engines.[6]Kevin Harvick drove his race car to the garage area. On lap 197, it was said that Harvick's crew members were changing a fuel pump. On lap 212, Edwards passed McMurray for the fourth position. One lap later, Reutimann passed Jeff Gordon for the first position. Fifteen laps later, Biffle's engine failed. One lap later, Johnson made a scheduled green flag pit stop. On lap 233 Bowyer claimed the lead as Reutimann came to pit lane for a pit stop. Afterward, Edwards and Montoya led as green flag pit stops continued. Green flag pit stops finished on lap 236, after Reutimann reclaimed the lead. On lap 242 Edwards claimed the second position from Jeff Gordon. Reutimann remained the leader, and crossed the finish line first to clinch his second career victory in the Sprint Cup Series. Edwards finished second ahead of Jeff Gordon, Clint Bowyer, and Jamie McMurray.[6]
2014: Almirola made his final stop as the caution came out with 36 laps to go after Carl Edwards' car cut down a left-rear tire, and Larson cycled back to the lead in the process. While pitting, Almirola blew his car's engine, and he retired from the race. Almirola later described himself as "heartbroken" with the result.[7] The race restarted with 30 laps to go, but only ran for a handful of laps before Clint Bowyer brought out the fifth caution of the race, with 23 laps to go, after he hit the wall in turn 1. The race restarted with 18 laps to go, and Harvick retook the lead from Larson before Keselowski moved to the head of the race the following lap. The caution flags flew for the sixth time with ten laps to go after Ricky Stenhouse, Jr. and Danica Patrick made contact on the front stretch. Upon exiting her car, Patrick stated that she "talked with Ricky afterward and we're fine".[8] The race restarted with six laps to go and Brad Keselowski coasted on to victory lane, for his second successive win.[9][10] Keselowski expressed his delight at the result, stating that he "was waiting for an opportunity to strike and it came. The car stuck and everything came together".[11]
2015: After drag racing through the front stretch, Kurt Busch passed his brother for the lead with 46 laps to go. Edwards began the final cycle of pit stops with 29 laps to go. Kurt Busch pitted with 28 laps to go and handed the lead to Hamlin. Hamlin pitted with 24 laps to go and handed the lead to teammate Matt Kenseth. Kenseth hit pit road with 23 laps to go and the lead cycled back to Kurt Busch. Allmendinger was tagged for speeding on pit road and was forced to serve a drive-through penalty. Debris in turn 2 brought out the sixth caution of the race with 10 laps to go. The debris were pieces of a brake rotor that came from the No. 83 car of Matt DiBenedetto. "Did the yellow even need to come out? I don't even know," Kurt Busch said after the race.[12] He, Gordon and Hamlin opted to stay out while the rest of the lead lap cars opted to pit.[13] The race restarted with five laps to go. Gordon got a good start on Kurt, but he was passed underneath by Hamlin, forced up the track and ultimately finished 14th.[14] Denny drove on to score his 26th career victory.[15]
2016: The race restarted with two laps to go in overtime, Blaney was no match on old tires against Truex on new tires. Truex passed him on the backstretch with two to go and drove on to score the victory.[16]
Television broadcasters[edit]
NBC carried this event from 2001-2005, from 2006-2010, it was carried on TNT, from 2011-2014, it was carried on ESPN, that policy has been discontinued, Starting in 2015, the race returned to NBC, and has the rights for the final 20 races of the season, the 1st of 20 races aired as part of the NASCAR on NBC package, the race will be aired on NBCSN.
2001 NBC Allen Bestwick Benny Parsons
Wally Dallenbach
2005 Bill Weber
2007 Wally Dallenbach
Kyle Petty
2009 Ralph Sheheen
2010 Adam Alexander
2011 ESPN Allen Bestwick Dale Jarrett
Andy Petree
2013* ESPN
2015 NBCSN Rick Allen Jeff Burton
Steve Letarte
2018 Jeff Burton
2013: Race started on ESPN, race was completed on ESPN2 due to rain delays.
^ Page, Scott (January 17, 2019). "Camping World to sponsor Chicagoland Speedway races". Jayski's Silly Season Site. ESPN. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
^ "OVERTON'S TO SERVE AS ENTITLEMENT SPONSOR FOR CHICAGOLAND SPEEDWAY'S 2018 NASCAR NATIONAL SERIES RACES - Chicagoland Speedway". www.chicagolandspeedway.com.
^ Fox Sports. "NASCAR". FOX Sports. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
^ "ESPN.com — Auto Racing — Joliet, Kansas City to host new races". espn.com. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
^ "Nickelodeon Announces Entitlement Sponsorship of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Race At Chicagoland Speedway, Sept. 18". Catchfence. April 26, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016.
^ a b "Race Summary". NASCAR.com. Archived from the original on July 12, 2010. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
^ Utter, Jim (September 14, 2014). "Brad Keselowski pulls away to win at Chicagoland Speedway". ThatsRacin.com. The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ Owens, Jeff (September 14, 2014). "Brad Keselowski makes spectacular pass to win Chase opener". SportingNews.com. Sporting News. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ Gluck, Jeff (September 14, 2014). "Brad Keselowski wins at Chicagoland to kick off Chase". usatoday.com. Gannett Satellite Information Network, Inc. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ Long, Dustin (September 14, 2014). "Keselowski Strikes First". MRN.com. Motor Racing Network. Archived from the original on September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ Fryer, Jenna (September 14, 2014). "Keselowski wins opening round of NASCAR's Chase". racing.ap.org. The Associated Press. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ Turner, Jared (September 20, 2015). "Kurt Busch on final caution: 'Did the yellow even need to come out?'". FoxSports.com. Fox Sports Interactive Media, LLC. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
^ "2015 myAFibRisk.com 400". Sprint Cup Series. Season 67. Joliet, Illinois. September 20, 2015. Event occurs at 3:18 p.m. NBC Sports. NBCSN. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
^ McGee, Ryan (September 21, 2015). "Monday Rundown: A bad restart for Gordon again at Chicagoland". ESPN.com. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved September 22, 2015.
^ Fryer, Jenna (September 20, 2015). "Hamlin rallies to earn victory in opening round of playoffs". Associated Press. Joliet, Illinois: AP Sports. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 21, 2015. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
^ Cranston, Mike (September 18, 2016). "Martin Truex Jr. rallies to win NASCAR Chase opener". Associated Press. Joliet, Illinois: AP Sports. Associated Press. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
Toyota/Save Mart 350 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
Camping World 400 Next race:
Coke Zero Sugar 400
Races in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
Gander RV Duels
Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race
Texas World
Note: The Cup Series has multiple events at the same racing venue.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camping_World_400&oldid=904267626"
2001 establishments in Illinois
NASCAR races at Chicagoland Speedway
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races
Recurring sporting events established in 2001
Annual sporting events in the United States
Use mdy dates from December 2017
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Jake Wood (baseball)
Wood in 1966
Second baseman
Born: (1937-06-22) June 22, 1937 (age 82)
Elizabeth, New Jersey
Batted: Right Threw: Right
April 11, 1961, for the Detroit Tigers
Last MLB appearance
August 11, 1967, for the Cincinnati Reds
MLB statistics
Detroit Tigers (1961–1967)
Led AL in triples (1961)
Jacob "Jake" Wood Jr. (born June 22, 1937) is a former professional baseball player. He played seven seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers (1961–1967) and the Cincinnati Reds (1967), primarily as a second baseman. He threw and batted right-handed.
He was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey, the second oldest child and oldest son of nine children of Jacob, Sr., and Roberta Wood. Jake grew up in an integrated neighborhood, learned to play stickball and baseball as a youth, and graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1955. He earned a scholarship to Delaware State University in Dover, Delaware, and he played one season of college ball.[1][2]
Wood was signed as an amateur free agent by the Tigers in early 1957. He attended Detroit's minor league camp in Lakeland, Florida, worked his way up through the Tigers' system, and batted more than .300 with five teams in the minors. Jake made his major league debut at age 23 on the Tigers' season-opener on April 11, 1961, starting at second base and batting leadoff in a 9-5 home loss to the Cleveland Indians. Facing Indians pitcher Jim Perry for the fourth time in the game during the seventh inning, the hard-hitting Wood collected his first career hit in a big way with a two-run home run that scored Bobo Osborne.[3]
Wood was the first African-American starter developed by Detroit's organization, but when right-handed pitcher Jim Proctor debuted for Detroit on September 14, 1959, he became the first black player developed by the Tigers' system.[4]
Wood at Detroit Tigers Fantasy Camp in 2012.
Quiet, agile, and talented, Wood remained the Tigers' starting second baseman from 1961 to 1963. He was third in the American League in stolen bases in 1961 (30), 1962 (24), and 1963 (18). During his rookie season in 1961, Wood was also among the American League leaders in runs (96), hits (171), and games (162). He led the AL in triples in 1961 with 14 and in strikeouts with 141—at the time, the record for most strikeouts in a season.[5]
Wood injured a finger late July 1963, and he missed the rest of the season. Starting in 1964, after Detroit acquired veteran second baseman Jerry Lumpe, Wood was a utility infielder and backup second baseman. He remained a reserve for the rest of his career, for example, playing in 98 games and hitting .252 in 1966. On June 23, 1967, during his seventh season with the Tigers, his contract was purchased by the Reds, for whom he played 16 games, with his final major league career appearance coming on August 11, 1967.[6]
Jake ended his major league career with a .250 batting average with 35 home runs, 168 runs batted in and 70 stolen bases.[7]
His brother, Richard Wood, played professional football from 1975 to 1984 with the New York Jets and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.[8]
Jake lives in Pensacola, Florida where, as of 2012, he continued to remain active, playing in over-70 softball leagues and tournaments as well as playing racquetball. He also mentors inmates at the Escambia County, Florida jail as part of the "A Will and a Way" ministry, and he participates in Tigers' reunions, autograph shows, and fantasy camps as well as Negro Leagues events.[9][10]
Wood is a member of the Union County, New Jersey Baseball Hall of Fame.[11]
List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
SABR Biography by Jim Sargent
^ https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/woodja01.shtml
^ http://www.njsportsheroes.com/jakewoodbb.html
^ https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/DET/DET196104110.shtml
^ http://www.motownsports.com/forums/tigers-history/80085-nice-article-about-willie-horton-jake-wood.html
^ https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/CIN/CIN196708110.shtml
^ https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/W/WoodRi20.htm
^ http://ucnj.org/newsevents/union-county-baseball-association-celebrates-75th-anniversary/
Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)
"Wood's path to big leagues a first for Tigers" from MLB.com
"Wood was the first African-American star for the Tigers" from Detroit Athletic
"Jake Wood, Tigers Pioneer, Remembered" from the Michigan Chronicle
"Remembering Former Detroit Tiger Jake Wood" from Hour Detroit
"Jake Wood, trailblazing former Detroit Tigers star, to appear at West Michigan Whitecaps game" from MLive.com
"Detroit Tigers: Celebrating African-American Players on MLK Day" from Fansided
Interview with Jake Wood by WEBN-TV
Interview with Jake Wood from the Tigers History Podcast
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jake_Wood_(baseball)&oldid=894563205"
Major League Baseball second basemen
Detroit Tigers players
Cincinnati Reds players
Erie Sailors players
Durham Bulls players
Idaho Falls Russets players
Fox Cities Foxes players
Knoxville Smokies players
Denver Bears players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Portland Beavers players
Montgomery Rebels players
Delaware State Hornets baseball players
Baseball players from New Jersey
Sportspeople from Elizabeth, New Jersey
Pages using baseballstats with numeric value in cube parameter
This page was last edited on 28 April 2019, at 17:25 (UTC).
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Joe Camacho
For the baseball player and coach, see Joe Camacho (baseball).
Joseph James Norita Camacho (born ?) is a Northern Mariana Islands lawyer and politician. He is a Representative in the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives,[1] as of 2009, and served as the House's floor leader in the 16th Northern Marianas Legislature.
Camacho was a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands as the running mate of Juan "Pan" Guerrero in the 2009 Northern Mariana Islands gubernatorial election on November 7, 2009.[1]
2.1 Candidacy for Lieutenant Governor
2.2 Candidacy for United States Congress
Camacho was born to parents Vicente (Ben Dinga) Tudela Camacho and Marcy Lieto Norita Camacho, both of whom are now deceased. He was raised by Torcauto Borja Tudela. Camacho's wife is Ellsbeth Viola Alepuyo. The couple have one child, Ulen Joseph Vicente Alepuyo Camacho.[2]
Camacho graduated from Marianas High School in June 1987. He received an Associate of Arts degree in Liberal Arts from Northern Marianas College in May 1992. In December 1994, Camacho further obtained a bachelor's degree in history from San Jose State University in California.
Camacho continued his education by earning his master's degree in public administration[1] from Seattle University, a Jesuit institution in Washington state, in December 1998. Camacho completed his juris doctorate from the Gonzaga University School of Law, located in Spokane, Washington, in December 2001. He worked as a pizza delivery man and a dishwasher during college.[1]
Camacho worked as a police officer on Saipan for three years[1] from January 1989 to August 1991.
Joseph Camacho, a Republican, was elected to the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives in the 2007 general election.[1] In the 2007 election, the Covenant Party lost control of the House to the Republicans. Camacho was chosen as the floor leader of the new 16th House of Representatives. He did not seek reelection in 2009.
Candidacy for Lieutenant Governor[edit]
Main article: 2009 Northern Mariana Islands gubernatorial election
Democrat gubernatorial candidate Juan "Pan" Guerrero approached Camacho, a Republican, in 2009 and asked him to run on his ticket for Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands.[1] Camacho accepted Guerrero's offer to run as part of the Independent ticket, which he called a "partnership."[1] The acceptance ceremony for the gubernatorial campaign took place on March 10, 2009, at Tan Marikita Café in Garapan.[1] Camacho explained in his speech to supporters that he had weighed all his political options before agreeing to run for Lieutenant Governor with Guerrero[1] Camacho thanked Guerrero for the opportunity, noting that Guerrero had promised to make both the campaign and a potential administration a full "partnership."[1]
The Guerrero/Camacho ticket only received 2,643 votes and came in a distant third in the polling.
Candidacy for United States Congress[edit]
Camacho announced in March 2010 his intentions to run for United States Congress as a candidate for the Covenant Party.[3]
Camacho became embroiled in local controversy after his campaign manager, Felix Nogis, was convicted and found guilty of littering in American Memorial National Park after a campaign rally. Judge John C. Coughenour said the littering was a "disgusting display of disrespect...just as serious as if the garbage had been strewn over the graves of military heroes.[4]"
^ a b c d e f g h i j k Deposa, Moneth (2009-03-11). "Camacho jumps ship, agrees to partnership with Juan Pan". Saipan Tribune. Archived from the original on 2012-02-24. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
^ "THE 16TH LEGISLATURE". Saipan Tribune. 2008-01-14. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
^ "Camacho seeks delegate seat under Covenant Party". Saipan Tribune. 2010-03-06. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
^ "Marianas Variety". Marianas Variety. 2008-01-14. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joe_Camacho&oldid=904398474"
Members of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives
Northern Mariana Islands lawyers
Gonzaga University alumni
Seattle University alumni
San Jose State University alumni
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Kitbull
2019 film short by Rosana Sullivan
Rosana Sullivan
Kathryn Hendrickson
Andrew Jimenez
Arjun Rihan
(camera)
Katie Schaefer Bishop
January 18, 2019 (2019-01-18) (El Capitan Theatre)
February 18, 2019 (2019-02-18) (YouTube)
Kitbull is a 2019 American traditionally animated short film directed and written by Rosana Sullivan, produced by Kathryn Hendrickson and Pixar Animation Studios, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the third film in Pixar's "SparkShorts" program, and focuses on a fiercely independent stray kitten and an abused pit bull, who form an unlikely friendship. The short premiered at El Capitan Theatre on January 18, 2019, before being released on YouTube on February 18, 2019.
Sullivan said that the creation of the short had originated from her enjoyment of viewing cat videos, and Hendrickson stated that the traditional animation had proved to be challenging in the beginning. Critical reception of the short has been generally positive, with critics praising its story, emotional tone, themes, characterization, and animation.
3.1 Track listing
A kitten lives in the garbage cans behind a building in San Francisco's Mission District.[1] While foraging for food on the streets, the kitten is offered food by a passerby but runs away, and sleeps in a cardboard box in the garbage. One day, a pit bull is moved to a doghouse behind the building.[2] The kitten is initially very scared of the dog but slowly begins to connect with him by playing with a bottle cap.[3] One night, after the pit bull is taken inside the building, he ends up getting heavily injured in a fight and is thrown back outside.[4]
The pit bull then goes to help the kitten, who gets trapped in plastic pack rings after being scared by a storm, but the frightened kitten attacks the dog upon seeing his fangs. The devastated pit bull retreats to his doghouse, where he is later joined by the regretful kitten.[1] The next day, the two escape the backyard.[5] Some time later, the kitten and the pit bull are playing out on the street when the kitten is found by the passerby, who adopts both of them.[6]
Kitbull is a short film that lasts approximately nine minutes.[7][8] It is the third short of Pixar's "SparkShorts" program,[9] which consists in Pixar giving employees six months and limited budgets to produce animated short films.[10][11] The short was directed and written by Rosana Sullivan,[12] and produced by Kathryn Hendrickson.[13] Domee Shi, director of the Academy Award-winning short film Bao,[14] Peter Sohn, director of the feature film The Good Dinosaur,[15] and Kristen Lester, director of the short film Purl,[16] were part of Sullivan's story trust on Kitbull.[17] The short was edited by Katie Schaefer Bishop.[17]
Sullivan said that a cat video had initiated the idea behind the short, mentioning that she enjoyed looking at cat videos whenever she felt stressed.[18] She stated that she had "just wanted to draw a little kitten doing something silly and very, very cat-like".[19] She had initially wished to depict something that appealed to her and was enjoyable, but "it evolved into something more personal" to her in the end.[18] Sullivan commented that all frames are hand-drawn and hand-painted, adding that while the creators had used computers when drawing, "everything was directly from the artists' hands onto the screen".[9] She said she had always enjoyed "the charm of a hand-drawn image", mentioning that every artist has their own way of drawing.[20]
Sullivan said that the creators of the short had invented their own "pipeline".[20] Arjun Rihan, who had been the director of photography while working on the short,[17] presented all the shots. When it came to the backgrounds, the creators selected "a mix between impressionistic, kind of loose, fast painting, but also still kind of grungy and gritty".[20] The kitten chooses to be alone and manages to remain unnoticed with the help of background elements such as shadows and road signs.[20] Sullivan said that since she had been very timid and had difficulty in forming friendships during her childhood,[19] she identified with the kitten, who, instead of creating a connection, preferred to remain in his comfort zone where he was not vulnerable;[18] the story centers on this idea.[19]
The characters are not excessively detailed. Sullivan described the kitten as "very cartoony" and "almost abstract in some ways".[20] She said just drawing the kitten had been really satisfying and entertaining to her, and that the animators who had become part of the crew shared her point of view. The most gratifying facet of this process for her was collaborating with others to create something better than what she could have achieved alone. She enjoyed working with trustful people that could amaze her.[20]
Hendrickson said that viewing videos with kittens "just became a real outlet for [Sullivan]".[19] Kitbull is dissimilar to the usual technique of Pixar because it is animated in 2D style. Hendrickson said that since the short was hand-drawn, there were many challenges at the beginning, including "trying to figure out how to tell the story with the resources within the studio, and then taking this 2D project and getting it to fit back into the normal 3D process at Pixar".[20] During the layout phase of the project, the creators had positioned the camera and decided on "the staging and the framing for all of the shots".[20]
Hendrickson said that when Rihan had finished laying out the shots, they "would take those shots and render them all out", after which "those renders became the templates for [their] background painters".[20] The animators drew the characters on "a layer" and "the backgrounds were all painted on a layer";[20] the compositor then had "to stitch those two together".[20] Hendrickson said that the action of Kitbull takes place in the Mission District, San Francisco, which is a very important location for Sullivan, who lived there after moving to San Francisco.[20] Hendrickson enjoyed seeing how every crew member had an influence on the short.[20]
Andrew Jimenez, who co-directed the Pixar short film One Man Band with Mark Andrews,[21] composed the music for Kitbull.[17] The score was released on April 5, 2019.[22]
All music composed by Andrew Jimenez.
1. "Mission Opening" 0:55
2. "Meet Pit" 0:22
3. "Kitten Play (Alternate Version)" 0:42
4. "Kitten Play" 1:05
5. "The Doorway" 0:18
6. "Save Me" 0:46
7. "Sad Dog" 0:21
8. "Trust" 1:04
9. "Escape (Alternate Version 1)" 0:41
10. "Escape (Alternate Version 2)" 0:35
11. "Escape" 0:44
12. "Mission Overlook" 1:06
13. "End Credits" 1:04
14. "Kitbull Music Box" 0:47
15. "The Evil Dog Master" 0:53
16. "Kind" 1:25
Release[edit]
Kitbull was first shown along with the shorts Purl and Smash and Grab on January 18, 2019, during a limited release at the El Capitan Theatre that lasted for a week;[23][24] following this, the short premiered on Pixar's YouTube channel on February 18, 2019.[23][24] The short is also set to be released on Disney+.[23][25]
Reception[edit]
Kitbull has received a largely positive critical response, being regarded as "adorable",[26][27][28] "beautiful",[26][29][30] moving,[31][32][33] "sweet",[34][35] "amazing",[36] "emotionally tantalizing",[37] as well as "a timeless tale of unlikely animal friendships".[38] IndieWire's Zack Sharf said that the short is "going to break your heart in typical Pixar fashion".[39] Chris Pastrick of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review wrote that Kitbull presents a "heartwarming", "tear-jerking storyline".[9] Mashable's Shannon Connellan stated that the short would make viewers become "a puddle of tears".[40] Benjamin Bullard of Syfy Wire commented that Kitbull would "trash your animal-loving heart before the inevitable happy ending comes to the rescue";[41] he described the short as a "wordless gem that unfolds a details-loaded vignette through one heart-wrenching emotional roller coaster of a ride".[41] Bridget Sharkey of Arizona Daily Star said that despite being "less than nine minutes long", Kitbull "packs a seriously powerful emotional punch in that period of time";[4] she stated that the short contains a "sweetly satisfying story" that would "make even the toughest and steeliest watcher eventually tear up", adding that it conveys "a powerful message" and is "an incredible piece of film".[4] PopSugar's Kate Schweitzer mentioned that Pixar had "truly outdone itself by achieving full-scale weeps in a matter of mere minutes" through Kitbull, and she characterized the short as "simple and sweet".[42]
Kitbull's use of traditional animation has been praised by critics. Chris Pastrick said that the short "is special in that [it is] the first entirely hand-drawn feature from the studio known for its cutting-edge digital animation".[9] James White of Empire described Kitbull as "a sweet and beautifully animated piece" that uses "hand-drawn 2D techniques blended with all the computing power that Pixar can muster";[12] he felt that the short "explores a style unlike anything the company has produced".[12] Bridget Sharkey wrote that Kitbull is "exquisitely created via hand-drawing" and consists of "simple, life-like animation that is also compulsively watchable".[4] Jennifer Wolfe of Animation World Network commented that the short is "packed with hand-drawn goodness",[43] and Benjamin Bullard stated that it is "rendered in a super-rich 2D cel-shaded style".[41] Shannon Connellan said that Kitbull being a "2D animated short" is not "the usual realm for Pixar".[40] Paste's Garrett Martin mentioned that seeing the short is "exciting", especially since it was created by "a studio that [is not] known for this style of animation".[26]
The short's focus on the treatment of animals has been commented on. Kate Schweitzer felt that Kitbull "makes a powerful statement about the treatment of animals" with the help of "a few startling scenes";[42] she said that "regardless of whether you consider yourself a dog person or a cat person", Kitbull would "reaffirm your love of all animals and make you hug your own pets a bit tighter tonight".[42] Benjamin Bullard wrote that Kitbull depicts "both the terrible and the magical sides of the ways people interact with animals",[41] and Diana Letizia of Il Secolo XIX also felt that the short presents how humans affect animals both in positive and negative ways.[44] Shannon Connellan commented that while animation rarely "tackles the devastating subject of animal abuse", Kitbull "does with heartbreaking insight".[40]
The possibility of Kitbull initiating discussions regarding the reputation of pit bulls has been mentioned. WSET's Elizabeth Tyree said that Kitbull would "have you weeping within minutes of its start", adding that the short "could spark more conversation about the reputation of pit bulls".[7] Kate Schweitzer also felt that the short "might even open up more meaningful conversations about the reputation of pit bulls being an aggressive and dangerous breed",[42] and Katelynn Sprague of KPEL-FM commented that Kitbull "sheds some light on this particular issue".[45]
The characters' depiction in the short has been praised. Michael Walsh of Nerdist stated that Kitbull presents "a story with fleshed-out characters" that go through "a meaningful arc, one that has us feeling all sorts of emotions";[27] he characterized the kitten as "feisty" and "tough", and the dog as "happy" and "sweet".[27] Benjamin Bullard said that the short provides "an anthropomorphized fantasy of how animals' secret lives can follow poignant beats we might never glimpse".[41] Garrett Martin felt that Kitbull "is a powerful look at an unlikely friendship between a stray kitten and an abused pit bull that has the lifelike quality and emotional heft of the best Pixar and Disney animation";[26] Martin described the short as "gorgeous, capturing not just how animals move but also how they think and relate to one another", and added that Kitbull is "as good" as Lady and the Tramp and One Hundred and One Dalmatians when it comes to "examining the lives and personalities of animals in lifelike detail".[26]
^ a b Rees, Arianna (February 19, 2019). "Watch: New Pixar short 'Kitbull' follows the emotional, unlikely friendship between a dogfighting pit bull and kitten". Deseret News. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
^ Eveno, Flora (February 24, 2019). ""Kitbull" le nouveau court métrage Pixar" ["Kitbull" the new Pixar short film]. RTBF (in French). Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ Ritz, Daniel (February 25, 2019). "Pixar's 'Kitbull' Could Change Your Life in Less Than 9 Minutes". KCIX. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ a b c d Sharkey, Bridget (February 22, 2019). "Pixar's New Short Film About A Stray Cat And A Pitbull Is Making People Cry". Arizona Daily Star. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ "Pixar's new short film 'Kitbull' sheds light on treatment of animals". WLS. February 24, 2019. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
^ "Kitbull: Miles se emocionan con la historia del maltrato animal contada en un cortometraje" [Kitbull: Thousands become emotional over the story of animal abuse told in a short film]. La República (in Spanish). February 22, 2019. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ a b Tyree, Elizabeth (February 27, 2019). "Prepare to ugly cry; Pixar releases short about stray cat befriending abused pit bull". WSET. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ "Pixar's emotional new short film is about a stray cat and pitbull". WTHR. February 23, 2019. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ a b c d Pastrick, Chris (February 20, 2019). "Latest Pixar short 'Kitbull' will warm your cold heart". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ "Introducing Pixar SparkShorts". Pixar/The Walt Disney Company/YouTube. January 10, 2019. Archived from the original on February 1, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
^ Pereira, Alyssa (February 19, 2019). "'Kitbull': Tear up at this SF-set Pixar 'SparkShort' film about an unlikely friendship". SFGate. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ a b c White, James (February 19, 2019). "Pixar Conjures Animal Magic For New Short Film Kitbull". Empire. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ Jiménez, Gonzalo (February 22, 2019). "Kitbull: Un perro y un gato se hacen amigos en nuevo corto de Pixar" [Kitbull: A dog and a cat become friends in Pixar's new short film]. CNET (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ Lehane, Scott (June 15, 2018). "First-Time Director Domee Shi Takes a 'Bao' in New Pixar Theatrical Short". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
^ Goldberg, Matt (November 3, 2015). "'The Good Dinosaur' Director Peter Sohn on Simplifying the Story and More". Collider. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
^ Snetiker, Marc (February 4, 2019). "Pixar drops first short film from new animation program SparkShorts". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
^ a b c d "Kitbull – Pixar SparkShorts". Pixar/The Walt Disney Company/YouTube. February 18, 2019. Archived from the original on February 19, 2019. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
^ a b c Loughrey, Clarisse (February 20, 2019). "Kitbull: Pixar releases new short about friendship between stray kitten and pit bull". The Independent. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ a b c d "Meet the Filmmakers Behind Kitbull – Pixar SparkShorts". Pixar/The Walt Disney Company/YouTube. February 18, 2019. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Go Behind the Scenes of Kitbull – Pixar SparkShorts". Pixar/The Walt Disney Company/YouTube. February 18, 2019. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ Hartlaub, Peter (February 27, 2006). "Dueling Pixar directors Andrew Jimenez and Mark Andrews translate their one-upmanship into an Oscar-nominated short". SFGate. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
^ "Kitbull". Soundtrack.Net. Archived from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
^ a b c Orange, B. Alan (January 10, 2019). "Pixar Announces New Short Film Program Sparkshorts". MovieWeb. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved January 10, 2019.
^ a b Milligan, Mercedes (January 11, 2019). "Pixar Launches In-House Indies Program SparkShorts". Animation Magazine. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ "Kitbull (2019) – MovieWeb". MovieWeb. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
^ a b c d e Martin, Garrett (February 18, 2019). "Pixar Releases an Adorable (and Sad) New Short on YouTube". Paste. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ a b c Walsh, Michael (February 20, 2019). "A Feisty Kitten and a Sweet Dog Are Best Pals in Pixar's Latest Tear-jerking Short". Nerdist. Archived from the original on February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
^ Tarlton, Amanda (February 19, 2019). "Pixar's Short Film About Friendship is Guaranteed to Make You Cry". Fatherly. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ Neilan, Dan (February 20, 2019). "Pixar's beautiful new short will have you hugging your pets tighter than usual". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ ""Kitbull" ist der neue Herzzerreißer von Pixar" ["Kitbull" is Pixar's new heartbreaker]. L'essentiel (in German). February 20, 2019. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
^ "Mirá el nuevo corto de Pixar: "Kitbull"" [Watch the new Pixar short: "Kitbull"]. El Intransigente (in Spanish). February 20, 2019. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ "Kitbull: El corto animado de Pixar que cuenta la entrañable amistad de un gato callejero y un Pitbull maltratado" [Kitbull: The Pixar animated short that tells the endearing friendship of a stray cat and a battered Pitbull]. Europa Press (in Spanish). February 20, 2019. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ ""Kitbull", el emotivo corto de Pixar que tiene a un pitbull y un gatito de protagonistas" ["Kitbull", the emotional short of Pixar that has a pitbull and a kitten as protagonists]. Los Tiempos (in Spanish). February 27, 2019. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ "Pixar release new short film Kitbull and it'll make animal lovers cry". The Bolton News. February 27, 2019. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
^ "Kitbull: il commovente corto firmato Pixar" [Kitbull: the moving short signed Pixar]. R101 (in Italian). February 20, 2019. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
^ "Pixar SparkShorts releases another amazing short, "Kitbull"". KSTP-FM. February 21, 2019. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
^ Ingvaldsen, Torsten (February 19, 2019). "Pixar's new short 'Kitbull' tells the story of an unlikely friendship between a stray kitten and an abused pit bull". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ Radulovic, Petrana (February 18, 2019). "New Pixar short is about heartwarming animal friendship". Polygon. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ Sharf, Zack (February 20, 2019). "Pixar's Animal Abuse Short 'Kitbull' Will Break Your Heart and Put It Back Together — Watch". IndieWire. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ a b c Connellan, Shannon (February 20, 2019). "Pixar short 'Kitbull' will make you cry with its unlikely dog-kitten friendship". Mashable. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ a b c d e Bullard, Benjamin (February 20, 2019). "Pixar's Kitbull Short Will Leave Your Animal-Loving Heart in the Junkyard". Syfy Wire. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ a b c d Schweitzer, Kate (February 21, 2019). "Pixar Released a Short Film About a Stray Cat Befriending an Abused Pit Bull, So Get Ready to Cry at Your Desk". PopSugar. Archived from the original on February 27, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
^ Wolfe, Jennifer (February 18, 2019). "Watch: Pixar Short 'Kitbull' a Heartwarming Ode to Friendship". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
^ Letizia, Diana (February 23, 2019). "Kitbull: la storia di un cane, un gattino e del nostro smisurato ego" [Kitbull: the story of a dog, a kitten and our immeasurable ego]. Il Secolo XIX (in Italian). Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
^ Sprague, Katelynn (February 23, 2019). "Disney Short 'Kitbull' Addresses Animal Stereotypes [Video]". KPEL-FM. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
Kitbull on IMDb
A Bug's Life (1998)
Monsters, Inc. (2001)
Finding Nemo (2003)
The Incredibles (2004)
Ratatouille (2007)
WALL-E (2008)
Onward (2020)
Soul (2020)
Luxo Jr. (1986)
Red's Dream (1987)
Tin Toy (1988)
Knick Knack (1989)
Geri's Game (1997)
For the Birds (2000)
Mike's New Car (2002)
Boundin' (2003)
Jack-Jack Attack (2005)
Mr. Incredible and Pals (2005)
One Man Band (2005)
Mater and the Ghostlight (2006)
Lifted (2006)
Your Friend the Rat (2007)
BURN-E (2008)
Partly Cloudy (2009)
Dug's Special Mission (2009)
George and A.J. (2009)
Day & Night (2010)
La Luna (2011)
Hawaiian Vacation (2011)
Small Fry (2011)
Partysaurus Rex (2012)
The Legend of Mor'du (2012)
The Blue Umbrella (2013)
Party Central (2013)
Lava (2014)
Sanjay's Super Team (2015)
Riley's First Date? (2015)
Piper (2016)
Lou (2017)
Bao (2018)
"SparkShorts" program
Purl (2019)
Smash and Grab (2019)
Kitbull (2019)
Cars Toons (2008–14)
Toy Story Toons (2011–12)
Tiny Toy Stories (1996)
Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 1 (2007)
Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales (2010)
Beach Chair (1986)
Flags and Waves (1986)
Light & Heavy (1990)
Nemo & Friends SeaRider (2016)
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command (2000–01)
Monsters at Work (2020)
Television specials
Toy Story of Terror! (2013)
Toy Story That Time Forgot (2014)
The Adventures of André & Wally B. (1984)
It's Tough to Be a Bug! (1998)
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins (2000)
Exploring the Reef (2003)
Turtle Talk with Crush (2004)
John Carter (2012)
Planes (2013)
Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014)
Borrowed Time (2016)
Mary Poppins Returns (2018)
The Pixar Story (2007)
Pixar Image Computer
Presto Animation System
Edwin Catmull
Alvy Ray Smith
Pete Docter
List of Pixar characters
Luxo Jr.
List of Pixar awards and nominations
List of Pixar film references
Computer Graphics Lab
Lucasfilm Animation
Circle 7 Animation
Pixar Canada
Pixar Photoscience Team
A Computer Animated Hand
The Shadow King
20th Century Fox Animation
Disney+ original programming
High School Musical: The Musical: The Series (2019)
The Mandalorian (2019)
Continuations
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (season 7; 2020)
SparkShorts (2019)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kitbull&oldid=906344990"
2010s American animated films
2010s animated short films
2019 animated films
Animated films about cats
Animated films about dogs
Animated films about friendship
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Films without speech
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Saint Tudwal's Islands
(Redirected from St Tudwals Islands)
Saint Tudwal's Island West
Saint Tudwal's Island East with West island in the background
Saint Tudwal's Islands (Welsh: Ynysoedd Tudwal) are a small archipelago lying south of Abersoch on the Llŷn Peninsula in North Wales, at the western end of Tremadog Bay. They were apparently referred to as the Studwells in the early 19th century.[1][2]
There are two main islands: Saint Tudwal's Island West (Welsh: Ynys Tudwal Fawr)(52°47′56″N 4°28′18″W / 52.7988°N 4.4718°W / 52.7988; -4.4718 (Saint Tudwal's Island West)) and Saint Tudwal's Island East (Welsh: Ynys Tudwal Fach) (52°48′19″N 4°27′43″W / 52.8053°N 4.4620°W / 52.8053; -4.4620 (Saint Tudwal's Island East)), plus the Carreg y Trai rocks.
The islands are known for their seal population. The western island houses the St Tudwal’s Lighthouse, and the eastern has the remains of a priory. The western island reaches 144 feet (44 metres) and is the higher of the two.
1 Saint Tudwal's Island East
2 Saint Tudwal's Island West
Saint Tudwal's Island East[edit]
Saint Tudwal's Island East (Welsh: Ynys Tudwal Fach) is a grass covered, kidney-shaped island, about 550 yards (500 m) in length and 220 yards (200 m) in width. It was owned by author Carla Lane until her death in May 2016.
The highest point on the island is 125 feet (38 m) above sea level. It is located just over 0.62 miles (1.00 km) off the Llŷn Peninsula in Gwynedd. The nearest settlement (apart from the lighthouse on Saint Tudwal's Island West) is Machroes. Small ships sail from the nearby town of Abersoch to take passengers to view the wildlife. The island is believed to be the original hermitage of Saint Tudwal, which is presumably where its name comes from. The remains of a priory, referred to in the 1291 tax rolls, can be found on its eastern side.[citation needed]
Saint Tudwal's Island West[edit]
The West island was recently purchased by adventurer Bear Grylls and converted into a holiday home. On 22 August 2013 it was reported that he was facing a planning investigation by Gwynedd Council, after installing a slide into the sea.[3] He has since taken the slide down, saying it was never intended to be permanent and that he would clear it with the council before using it again.[4]
Saint Tudwal
^ use in 21 March 1835 Welsh newspaper article Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine)
^ The Cambrian, 30 December 1809, p. 3 about the wreck of the sloop Spencer
^ Bear Grylls: St Tudwal island slide planning probe by council at www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 22 Aug 2013.
^ Bear Grylls: St Tudwal island slide taken down at www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 Aug 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint Tudwal's Islands.
www.geograph.co.uk : photos of St Tudwal's Islands
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Tudwal%27s_Islands&oldid=846769325"
Islands of Gwynedd
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(Redirected from Stela)
Stone or wooden slab erected for funerals or commemorative purposes
This article is about the stone monuments. For other uses, see Stele (disambiguation).
"Stela" redirects here. For other uses, see Stela (disambiguation).
"Stelae" redirects here. For the town of ancient Crete, see Stelae (Crete).
"Stelai" redirects here. For the battle, see Battle of Stelai.
"Stone tablet" redirects here. For the Ten Commandments stone tablet, see Tablets of Stone.
Stele N from Copán, Honduras, depicting King K'ac Yipyaj Chan K'awiil ("Smoke Shell"), as drawn by Frederick Catherwood in 1839
Stele to the French 8th Infantry Regiment. One of more than half a dozen steles located on the Waterloo battlefield.
A stele (/ˈstiːli/ STEE-lee)[Note 1], or occasionally stela (plural stelas or stelæ), when derived from Latin, is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected in the ancient world as a monument. Grave stelae were often used for funerary or commemorative purposes. Stelae as slabs of stone would also be used as ancient Greek and Roman government notices or as boundary markers to mark borders or property lines.
The surface of the stele usually has text, ornamentation, or both. The ornamentation may be inscribed, carved in relief, or painted.
Steles are occasionally erected as memorials to battles. For example, along with other memorials, there are more than half-a-dozen steles erected on the battlefield of Waterloo at the locations of notable actions by participants in battle.[1]
Traditional Western gravestones may technically be considered the modern equivalent of ancient stelae, though the term is very rarely applied in this way. Equally, stele-like forms in non-Western cultures may be called by other terms, and the words "stele" and "stelae" are most consistently applied in archaeological contexts to objects from Europe, the ancient Near East and Egypt,[2] China, and sometimes Pre-Columbian America.
1.2 Urartu
1.3 Greece
1.5 Maya stelae
1.6 Ireland
1.7 Horn of Africa
2 Notable steles
The funerary stele of Thrasea and Euandria, c. 365 BC
Steles have also been used to publish laws and decrees, to record a ruler's exploits and honors, to mark sacred territories or mortgaged properties, as territorial markers, as the boundary steles of Akhenaton at Amarna,[3] or to commemorate military victories.[4] They were widely used in the ancient Near East, Mesopotamia, Greece, Egypt, Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and, most likely independently, in China and elsewhere in the Far East, and, independently, by Mesoamerican civilisations, notably the Olmec[5] and Maya.[6]
Stela of Iddi-Sin, King of Simurrum. It dates back to the Old Babylonian Period. From Qarachatan Village, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan. The Sulaymaniyah Museum, Iraq
The large number of steles, including inscriptions, surviving from ancient Egypt and in Central America constitute one of the largest and most significant sources of information on those civilisations, in particular Maya stelae. The most famous example of an inscribed stela leading to increased understanding is the Rosetta Stone, which led to the breakthrough allowing Egyptian hieroglyphs to be read. An informative stele of Tiglath-Pileser III is preserved in the British Museum. Two steles built into the walls of a church are major documents relating to the Etruscan language.
Standing stones (menhirs), set up without inscriptions from Libya in North Africa to Scotland, were monuments of pre-literate Megalithic cultures in the Late Stone Age. The Pictish stones of Scotland, often intricately carved, date from between the 6th and 9th centuries.
An obelisk is a specialized kind of stele. The Insular high crosses of Ireland and Britain are specialized steles. Totem poles of North and South America that are made out of stone may also be considered a specialized type of stele. Gravestones, typically with inscribed name and often with inscribed epitaph, are among the most common types of stele seen in Western culture.
Most recently, in the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin, the architect Peter Eisenman created a field of some 2,700 blank steles.[7] The memorial is meant to be read not only as the field, but also as an erasure of data that refer to memory of the Holocaust.
Egypt[edit]
Egyptian Hieroglyphs on an Egyptian funerary stela in Manchester Museum
Many steles have been used since the First Dynasty of Egypt. These vertical slabs of stone depict tombstones, religious usage, and boundaries.[8]
Urartu[edit]
Urartian steles were freestanding stone obelisks that served a variety of purposes, sometimes they were located within temple complexes, or set within monumental rock-cut niches (such as the niche of the Rock of Van, discovered by Marr and Orbeli in 1916[9]) or erected beside tombs. Others stood in isolated positions and, such as the Kelashin Stele, had a commemorative function or served as boundary markers. Although sometimes plain, most bore a cuneiform inscription that would detail the stele's function or the reasons for its erection. The steel from Van's "western niche" contained annals of the reign of Sarduri II, with events detailed yearly and with each year separated by the phrase "For the God Haldi I accomplished these deeds".[9] Urartian steles are sometimes found reused as Christian Armenian gravestones or as spolia in Armenian churches - Maranci suggests this reuse was a deliberate desire to capitalize on the potency of the past.[10] Some scholars have suggested Urartian steles may have influenced the development of the Armenian khachkar.[11]
Greece[edit]
Stele of Arniadas at the Archaeological Museum of Corfu
Greek funerary markers, especially in Attica, had a long and evolutionary history in Athens. From public and extravagant processional funerals to different types of pottery used to store ashes after cremation, visibility has always been a large part of Ancient Greek funerary markers in Athens. Regarding stelai (Greek plural of stele), in the period of the Archaic style in Ancient Athens (600 BC) stele often showed certain archetypes of figures, such as the male athlete.[12] Generally their figures were singular, though there are instances of two or more figures from this time period.[13] Moving into the 6th and 5th centuries BC, Greek stelai declined and then rose in popularity again in Athens and evolved to show scenes with multiple figures, often of a family unit or a household scene. One such notable example is the Stele of Hegeso. Typically grave stelai are made of marble and carved in relief, and like most Ancient Greek sculpture they were vibrantly painted.[14] For more examples of stelai, the Getty Museum's published Catalog of Greek Funerary Sculpture is a valuable resource[15]
China[edit]
A bixi-born Yan Temple Renovation Stele dated Year 9 of Zhizheng era in Yuan Dynasty (AD 1349), in Qufu, Shandong, China
Chinese ink rubbings of the 1489 (left) and 1512 (right) steles left by the Kaifeng Jews.
Steles (Chinese: bēi 碑) have been the major medium of stone inscription in China since the Tang dynasty.[16] Chinese steles are generally rectangular stone tablets upon which Chinese characters are carved intaglio with a funerary, commemorative, or edifying text. They can commemorate talented writers and officials, inscribe poems, portraits, or maps, and frequently contain the calligraphy of famous historical figures.[17] In additional to their commemorative value, many Chinese steles are regarded as exemplars of traditional Chinese calligraphic scripts, especially the clerical script.[18]
Chinese steles from before the Tang dynasty are rare: there are a handful from before the Qin dynasty, roughly a dozen from the Western Han, 160 from the Eastern Han, and several hundred from the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern, and Sui dynasties.[19] During the Han dynasty, tomb inscriptions (墓誌, mùzhì) containing biographical information on deceased people began to be written on stone tablets rather than wooden ones.[19]
Erecting steles at tombs or temples eventually became a widespread social and religious phenomenon. Emperors found it necessary to promulgate laws, regulating the use of funerary steles by the population. The Ming dynasty laws, instituted in the 14th century by its founder the Hongwu Emperor, listed a number of stele types available as status symbols to various ranks of the nobility and officialdom: the top noblemen and mandarins were eligible for steles installed on top of a stone tortoise and crowned with hornless dragons, while the lower-level officials had to be satisfied with steles with plain rounded tops, standing on simple rectangular pedestals.[20]
Steles are found at nearly every significant mountain and historical site in China. The First Emperor made five tours of his domain in the 3rd century BC and had Li Si make seven stone inscriptions commemorating and praising his work, of which fragments of two survive.[21] One of the most famous mountain steles is the 13 m (43 ft) high stele at Mount Tai with the personal calligraphy of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang commemorating his imperial sacrifices there in 725.[21]
A number of such stone monuments have preserved the origin and history of China's minority religious communities. The 8th-century Christians of Xi'an left behind the Nestorian Stele, which survived adverse events of the later history by being buried underground for several centuries. Steles created by the Kaifeng Jews in 1489, 1512, and 1663, have survived the repeated flooding of the Yellow River that destroyed their synagogue several times, to tell us something about their world. China's Muslim have a number of steles of considerable antiquity as well, often containing both Chinese and Arabic text.
Thousands of steles, surplus to the original requirements, and no longer associated with the person they were erected for or to, have been assembled in Xi'an's Stele Forest Museum, which is a popular tourist attraction. Elsewhere, many unwanted steles can also be found in selected places in Beijing, such as Dong Yue Miao, the Five Pagoda Temple, and the Bell Tower, again assembled to attract tourists and also as a means of solving the problem faced by local authorities of what to do with them. The long, wordy, and detailed inscriptions on these steles are almost impossible to read for most are lightly engraved on white marble in characters only an inch or so in size, thus being difficult to see since the slabs are often 3m or more tall.
There are more than 100,000 surviving stone inscriptions in China. However, only approximately 30,000 have been transcribed or had rubbings made, and fewer than those 30,000 have been formally studied.[19]
Stela 51 from Calakmul, dating to 731, is the best preserved monument from the city. It depicts the king Yuknoom Took' K'awiil.[22]
Stela H, a high-relief in-the-round sculpture from Copán in Honduras
Maya stelae[edit]
Main article: Maya stelae
Maya stelae were fashioned by the Maya civilization of ancient Mesoamerica. They consist of tall sculpted stone shafts or slabs and are often associated with low circular stones referred to as altars, although their actual function is uncertain.[23] Many stelae were sculpted in low relief,[24] although plain monuments are found throughout the Maya region.[25] The sculpting of these monuments spread throughout the Maya area during the Classic Period (250–900 AD),[23] and these pairings of sculpted stelae and circular altars are considered a hallmark of Classic Maya civilization.[26] The earliest dated stela to have been found in situ in the Maya lowlands was recovered from the great city of Tikal in Guatemala. During the Classic Period almost every Maya kingdom in the southern lowlands raised stelae in its ceremonial centre.[25]
Stelae became closely associated with the concept of divine kingship and declined at the same time as this institution. The production of stelae by the Maya had its origin around 400 BC and continued through to the end of the Classic Period, around 900, although some monuments were reused in the Postclassic (c. 900–1521). The major city of Calakmul in Mexico raised the greatest number of stelae known from any Maya city, at least 166, although they are very poorly preserved.
Hundreds of stelae have been recorded in the Maya region,[27] displaying a wide stylistic variation.[25] Many are upright slabs of limestone sculpted on one or more faces,[25] with available surfaces sculpted with figures carved in relief and with hieroglyphic text. Stelae in a few sites display a much more three-dimensional appearance where locally available stone permits, such as at Copán and Toniná.[25] Plain stelae do not appear to have been painted nor overlaid with stucco decoration,[28] but most Maya stelae were probably brightly painted in red, yellow, black, blue and other colours.[29]
Ireland[edit]
Ogham stone in Ratass Church, Ireland
Ogham stones are vertical grave and boundary markers, erected at hundreds of sites in Ireland throughout the first millennium AD, bearing inscriptions in the Primitive Irish language. They have been occasionally been described as "steles."[30][31][32]
Horn of Africa[edit]
A sword symbol on a stele at Tiya
The Horn of Africa contains many stelae. In the highlands of Ethiopia and Eritrea, the Axumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet.[33]
Additionally, Tiya is one of nine megalithic pillar sites in the central Gurage Zone of Ethiopia. As of 1997, 118 stele were reported in the area. Along with the stelae in the Hadiya Zone, the structures are identified by local residents as Yegragn Dingay or "Gran's stone", in reference to Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmad "Gurey" or "Gran"), ruler of the Adal Sultanate.[34]
The stelae at Tiya and other areas in central Ethiopia are similar to those on the route between Djibouti City and Loyada in Djibouti. In the latter area, there are a number of anthropomorphic and phallic stelae, which are associated with graves of rectangular shape flanked by vertical slabs. The Djibouti-Loyada stelae are of uncertain age, and some of them are adorned with a T-shaped symbol.[35]
Near the ancient northwestern town of Amud in Somalia, whenever an old site had the prefix Aw in its name (such as the ruins of Aw Bare and Aw Bube[36]), it denoted the final resting place of a local saint.[37] Surveys by A.T. Curle in 1934 on several of these important ruined cities recovered various artefacts, such as pottery and coins, which point to a medieval period of activity at the tail end of the Adal Sultanate's reign.[36] Among these settlements, Aw Barkhadle is surrounded by a number of ancient stelae.[38] Burial sites near Burao likewise feature old stelae.[39]
Notable steles[edit]
King Ezana's stele at Aksum
A victory stele of Naram-Sin, a 23rd-century BC Mesopotamian king.
Stele of Vespasian
Gwanggaeto Stele
King Ezana's Stela
Kul Tigin
Lemnos stela
Lapis Niger
Mesha Stele
Naram-Sin
Nestorian Stele
Pig stele of Edessa
Stone of Terpon
The Doctorate steles at the Temple of Literature, Hanoi
The Ram Khamhaeng stele
Ukrainian stone stelae
In Africa:
Merneptah Stele
Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten
Palermo stone
Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu
The Opa Oranmiyan
Gao-Saney
Burao steles
Stone of the Guanches
In the Western Hemisphere:
Mexico: Tres Zapotes Stela C, Izapa Stela 5, La Mojarra Stela 1
Guatemala: Stela 14 from Piedras Negras
Honduras: Stela H from Copan
Peru: Raimondi Stela
This section contains what may be an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images. Galleries containing indiscriminate images of the article subject are discouraged; please help improve the section by reducing indiscriminate gallery sections or by moving relevant images beside adjacent text, in accordance with the Manual of Style on use of images. (October 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Princess Nefertiabet's funerary slab stele (c. 2575 BC) from Egypt's 4th dynasty
Egyptian grave stela of Nehemes-Ra-tawy, c. 760–656 BC
Stele #25 (c. 2500 BC) from the Petit Chasseur in Sion, Switzerland
A neolithic Sardinian menhir (c. 2500 BC) recovered at Laconi and assigned to the Abealzu-Filigosa culture
The lunette of the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1750 BC), depicting the king receiving his law from the sun god Shamash
Baal with Thunderbolt (c. 14th century BC), a Ugaritic stele from Syria
The Merneptah Stele (c. 1200 BC), engraved on the back of a reused stele of Amenhotep III's, with the earliest mention of the name Israel
An unusually well-preserved Greek herm (c. 520 BC), used as a boundary marker and to ward off evil
A votive stela honoring the Thracian goddess Bendis (c. 400 BC), carved at Athens
A herm of Demosthenes, a c. 1520 recreation of the c. 280 BC original located in the Athenian market
The Rosetta Stone (196 BC), establishing the divine cult of Ptolemy V
A Buddhist Stele from China, Northern Wei period, built sometime after 583
A rubbing of the Yamanoue Stele (681) in Takasaki, one of three protected steles in Japan
Stele 35 from Yaxchilan (8th century), depicting Lady Eveningstar, the consort of king Shield Jaguar II
The Nestorian Stele (781) records the success of the missionary Alopen in Tang China in Chinese and Syriac. It is borne by a Bixi and forbidden to travel abroad.
Rodney's Stone, a slab cross from Early Medieval Scotland
Sueno's Stone (c. 9th century) in Forres, Scotland, displaying efforts at modern preservation of the Pictish stones
A rubbing of the Stele of Sulaiman, Prince of Xining (1348), bearing the Mani in six languages: Nepali, Tibetan, Uyghur, 'Phags-pa, Tangut, and Chinese.
The Galle stele left by Zheng He on Sri Lanka in 1409 with trilingual inscriptions in Chinese, Tamil, and Persian
Tombstones (funerary stelae) at the Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery, Newport, Rhode Island. Typical inscriptions include the names of the deceased interred under the stones. Ca. 18th century and later.
A disc shaped gravestone or hilarri in Bidarray, western Pyrenees, Basque Country, featuring typical geometric and solar forms, as it was the custom since the period previous to Roman times
Ancient Near East portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Steles.
Cantabrian stelae
Kurgan stelae
Monumental inscription
Stele of the Vultures
^ Anglicized plural steles (/ˈstiːliːz/ STEE-leez); Greek plural stelai (/ˈstiːlaɪ/ STEE-ly), from Greek στήλη, stēlē. The Greek plural is written στήλαι, stēlai, but this is only rarely encountered in English.
^ Commons:Category:Battle of Waterloo steles; Timmermans, D. (7 March 2012). "Waterloo Campaign". The British monuments.
^ Collon
^ Memoirs By Egypt Exploration Society Archaeological Survey of Egypt 1908, p. 19
^ e.g., Piye's victory stela (M. Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature Vol 3, The University of California Press 1980, pp. 66ff) or Shalmaneser's stela at Saluria (Boardman, op. cit., p. 335)
^ Pool, op. cit., p. 265
^ Till (2005): 168.
^ Dunn, Jimmy. "The Stelae of Ancient Egypt". Tour Egypt. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
^ a b G. Azarpay, Urartian Art and Artifacts, 1968, p32.
^ C. Maranci, Vigilant Powers: Three Churches of Early Medieval Armenia, 2015, p177-182.
^ C. Maranci, Vigilant Powers: Three Churches of Early Medieval Armenia, 2015, footnote 311 on page 198.
^ Caskey, L. D. “An Archaic Greek Grave Stele in Boston.” American Journal of Archaeology 15.3 (1911): 293. CrossRef. Web.
^ Robinson, Edward. “An Archaic Greek Grave Monument.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 8.5 (1913): 94. CrossRef. Web.
^ Campbell, Gordon. The Grove Encyclopedia of Classical Art and Architecture. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print.
^ Grossman, Janet Burnett. Greek Funerary Sculpture : Catalogue of the Collections at the Getty Villa. Los Angeles: JPaul Getty Museum, 2001. Print.
^ Endymion Wilkinson, Chinese History: A Manual (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 2000): 436.
^ Wilkinson (2000): 436-437.
^ "The Stele of Mount Hua Temple at The West Alp". Vincent's Calligraphy. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
^ a b c Wilkinson (2000): 437.
^ de Groot, Jan Jakob Maria (1892), The Religious System of China, II, Brill Archive, pp. 451–452 .
^ a b Wilkinson (2000): 438.
^ Martin & Grube 2000, p. 113.
^ a b Miller 1999, p. 9.
^ Fuente et al. 1999, p. 187.
^ a b c d e Stuart 1996, p. 149.
^ Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 235.
^ Stewart 2009, p. 8.
^ Stuart 1996, p. 158.
^ Goudsward, David (5 May 2014). "Ancient Stone Sites of New England and the Debate Over Early European Exploration". McFarland – via Google Books.
^ elisabetta. "connemara.irish". www.connemara.irish.
^ Menninger, Karl (10 April 2013). "Number Words and Number Symbols: A Cultural History of Numbers". Courier Corporation – via Google Books.
^ Brockman, Norbert (2011). Encyclopedia of Sacred Places, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 30. ISBN 159884654X.
^ Fukui, Katsuyoshi (1997). Ethiopia in broader perspective: papers of the XIIIth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Kyoto 12-17 December 1997. Shokado Book Sellers. p. 370. ISBN 4879749761. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
^ Fattovich, Rodolfo (1987). "Some remarks on the origins of the Aksumite Stelae" (PDF). Annales d'Éthiopie. 14 (14): 43–69. Retrieved 7 September 2014. [permanent dead link]
^ a b Lewis, I.M. (1998). Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society. The Red Sea Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-56902-103-3.
^ G.W.B. Huntingford, "The Town of Amud, Somalia", Azania, 13 (1978), p. 184
^ Briggs, Phillip (2012). Somaliland. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 98. ISBN 1-84162-371-7.
^ "National Museums". Somali Heritage and Archaeology. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
Boardman, John, ed. The Cambridge Ancient History, Part 1, 2nd Edition, (ISBN 978-0-521-22496-3)
Collon, Dominique, et al. "Stele." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 3 Jun. 2015. Subscription required
Miller, Mary (1999). Maya Art and Architecture. London, UK and New York, USA: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20327-X. OCLC 41659173.
Pool, Christopher A. Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-78312-5)
Sharer, Robert J.; Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya (6th ed.). Stanford, California, USA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4817-9. OCLC 57577446.
Stewart, Daniel Moroni (2009). "Parentage Statements and Paired Stelae: Signs of Dynastic Succession for the Classic Maya" (PDF). Provo, Utah, USA: Brigham Young University. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
Stuart, David (Spring–Autumn 1996). "Kings of Stone: A Consideration of Stelae in Ancient Maya Ritual and Representation". RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: President and Fellows of Harvard College acting through the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology (29/30 The Pre-Columbian): 148–171. JSTOR 20166947.
Till, Karen E. The New Berlin: Memory, Politics, Place. University of Minnesota Press, 2005
Wilkinson, Endymion (2000), Chinese History: A Manual (2nd ed.), Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard-Yenching Institute, ISBN 0-674-00249-0.
The Cesnola collection of Cypriot art: stone sculpture, a fully digitized collection catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries, which contains material on steles
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stele&oldid=902953452"
Stone monuments and memorials
Stone sculptures
Inscriptions by type
Ancient Egyptian stelas
Ancient Near East steles
Archaeological artifacts
Egyptian artefact types
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Interview with Tyler Blackburn from Pretty Little Liars | By Maranda Pleasant
Maranda Pleasant: What inspires you the most?
Tyler Blackburn: I know this might sound a little cliche but, I feel like everybody is searching for the same thing, and that is truth. I think that’s sort of the journey to define that which is most inspirational. Even in acting, when I watch an actor who I find to be so truthful in their craft, or a musician who gets up there and sings so truthfully—I like that. I really like individualism based on truth. That’s something I try to think about. What do I actually think about that, what do I actually feel right now? As opposed what should I feel.
MP: Love that. Powerful. What is it that makes you vulnerable?
TB: I’m very sensitive. It’s always been something I’m very in tune with. I am very emotional. Sometimes to the point of where I just want to hide away, because I can’t get a handle on myself. I don’t mind that idea. Vulnerability is kind of one of those things of, how do I really feel in this moment?
Wow, this is when I’m the most vulnerable. Obviously when I’m put in a situation where there is a lot of attention on me, it’s this weird dichotomy—I like it, because I feel like I’m a natural born performer. But I do feel the most vulnerable.
As life goes on I’m learning to trust myself more, so I am more comfortable— you have to be, doing things in front of people, especially when there’s lots of pressure. I have to make decisions. When you’re put in a position where you’re having to decide, Is this a good decision? Is this the right decision for everybody involved?—it makes me feel a little unsteady, unsure.
MP: Wow. I really appreciate that level of honesty. How do you process pain?
TB: I don’t have one go-to way to deal because circumstances change. One thing I’m recognizing more and more in myself—and looking to change—is going down more of a self-destructive path when I feel pain. I’m trying to avoid that as much as possible. That is an impulse, when I feel out of control. We don’t really understand why we feel what we do in that moment, so it’s almost like I’m trying to take control, even if it’s bad control. I do try to experience the emotions as they come, but sometimes it becomes just too much.
I lost my cousin. It’s been about a month. He’s a year younger than me. He OD’d. It was three days before my birthday. I grew up with this guy. It was such an intense scenario. I went through so many emotions. It kind of ran the gamut of anger and sadness and self-destruction and all those things.
MP: I understand.
TB: Even just talking about it, that’s very cathartic, too. That’s one way of doing that. Actually putting it out as a truth as opposed to trying to conceal it from yourself.
MP: I’m with you. I tend to isolate. Put on the Damien Rice and go paint and isolate for days and drink too much. [laughing] I get it. I’m learning more positive ways of handling myself.
TB: Absolutely. I don’t know about you but I look back at my sort of wilder days where I was doing lots of drugs, and I thought I was just trying to have a good time, but I was covering up so much pain. I haven’t done any drugs for five years now. Now I’m actually presented with these problems and I’m looking at them differently. I see even the small things. Like you said, Damien Rice—he’s perfect for those moments!
MP: You can get really f*cked up on Damien Rice!
TB: Oh my god, I know! I love the album O.
MP: When you run out of Damien Rice you always switch over to Glen Hansard. You said you’ve been clean for five years?
TB: I haven’t done any drugs for five years. I don’t even smoke pot anymore.
MP: That’s great. How was that process for you? Was there a wake up call?
TB: It mostly starts with a decision. I was inching towards making that final decision but I would always retract. It became a vicious cycle. I started realizing that I was no longer having fun with it. It was all-consuming. I had support from my girlfriend at the time. She didn’t do drugs. That was really helpful. I did do a sort of a detox program. I didn’t go to rehab or anything like that. It was a lighter detox program that really eliminates drugs and toxins from your body. Keeps the cravings and stuff from coming back. That made it a lot easier. And then just really reshaping myself.
It’s just so funny—as soon as I did that, that’s when I started booking acting work, which was my dream. So many things have gotten so much better. My life is just in a completely different place and I’m so happy about that.
MP: Deep bow. That is not an easy thing to do. Tell me what you’re passionate about? I heard you speak out against bullying?
TB: My interests lie in nurturing children. That’s part of the reason why the bullying thing has become an aspect of my life. I was bullied a lot growing up. I know firsthand the amount of life that is sucked out of you every time that happens, and how it affected me as a young adult. I was asked if I wanted to do a campaign through Seventeen magazine. And I was like, “Wow, yeah, I would like to.”
It was one of the first moments that I realized that being on a TV show didn’t stop when the director says, “Cut.” There’s a responsibility level that comes along with being a public figure. I can use this for really cool things. That really [allows] me to be very honest about my experiences.
I used to want to kill myself because I had lost so much of who I knew I was because of all the other invalidation from people. It sends you spiraling where you’re like, Wait, I know I have this quality, I know what my integrity is—until you’re being fed all this false information about yourself. You start to wonder why. You don’t feel good about yourself because you no longer believe in yourself.
It’s so important for everybody at every age, but especially kids. High school is a really strange time—you’re not a kid, you’re not an adult. You’re about to be an adult, you’re going to have to make some really intense decisions. It’s a really pivotal time to have as much self-confidence as you possibly can. Even if that means you have one friend who supports you completely. I’m sort of ranting but…
MP: I like your rant! Keep going.
TB: Thanks! I just feel like that spoke to me a lot. I know that the demographic for the show [Pretty Little Liars is pretty much high school students. Not all, but I know that’s a big part of it. I find that again, it’s beneficial to be as truthful as possible. I know that when that magazine issue came out, I got so many tweets about that, saying, Thank you for being honest. It was just really great.
I got to go to an anti-bullying rally in Washington, DC. That was really cool. Parents spoke whose kids have killed themselves because of bullying. It makes me sad. I was there and all the people on the panel were there to raise awareness about that. It’s fulfilling to me in a way that I had never experienced before. I love to act, I love that aspect of my life, but the fact that that sort of parlayed into this other sort of feeling of fulfillment was unbelievable. Now I’m Global Ambassador for Stomp Out Bully. I don’t get to do as much work with them as I would like to.
MP: Thank you for that, by the way. I was suicidal for years in my teens and even almost up into college. Just because of bullying. It doesn’t take long to start believing that stuff. Just living in fear and all kinds of self-worth issues—you don’t shake that off. It takes years to clear that.
TB: It does. In a lot of ways, certain things, it feels like they’re never going to go away. The best thing to do is continue to ask questions, look that fear in the eye.
I feel like from a very early age, we know who we are as individuals. I love when I see parents with their kids in these crazy outfits and they’re like, “That’s what they wanted to wear.” Those small things are so important.
That’s why I think children need to be nurtured for what they are as opposed to what you want them to be. I think that’s when those ideas come into your head of like, What should I feel in this moment? It’s because someone told you, “Your instinct was incorrect.” And you’re like, Why? Why is that wrong?
MP: What projects can we support you in right now?
TB: We just wrapped up the season of Pretty Little Liars. We’ve been working pretty hard on that. I am working on music presently, also through ABC Family. I’m recording some really great tracks right now.
MP: That’s right, you’re a musician.
TB: Mostly a singer. I just recently started writing lyrics. It’s been a new venture for me. I’m really proud of [what] I’m doing musically. The new season of Pretty Little Liars comes out around January 5th.
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Jewish history is the most importance in the Judaism. Many texts and traditions are central to the other Abrahamic religions, with Jewish history and the principles and ethics of Judaism having influenced Christianity and Islam. The first two periods of the Judaism history is mainly that of the Fertile Crescent. Who settled in the land of Israel, Jews was around the world claim descent mostly from the ancient Israelites. In 4th century BCE is often referred to by scholars as "Biblical Judaism." The religion of the patriarchs was simple, and centered on the agreement between Abraham and God. In 6th century BCE the Judahite elite was exiled to Babylon. Under the leadership of last three leaders of Jewish Prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi the second temple was constructed. At first independent was under the roman rule of Judea, Jewish kingdom first by the Hasmonaeans then by the Herodians, but gradually their power declined, until it came under the direct rule of Romans and renamed the Iudaea Province. In 351 CE, the Jewish population in Sepphoris Roman laws started a revolt under the leadership of Patricius against the rule of Constantius Gallus. Jewish populations had existed in Europe. Almost no Jews lived in Western Europe in 17th century. During the period of the European Renaissance and Enlightenment, significant changes were happening within the Jewish community. During the period of 1870s and 1880s the Jewish population in Europe started to discuss more about immigrating to Israel and to establish a national home to the Jewish nation. The British Mandate of Palestine started and the British had promised to create and foster a Jewish national home in Palestine in the year of 1920. In 1939 World War II began and until 1941 Hitler occupied almost all of Europe, including Poland. At the time millions of Jews were living in France. Jewish resistance organizations in Palestine unified and established the Jewish Resistance Movement in the 1945. Now the Israel is a parliamentary democracy country and population of 7.1 million people and which was about 5.8 million of people are Jewish religions.
Jewish Holidays and Jewish Calendar
The Jewish calendar is used by the lunar calendar. The calendar is used to reckon the Jewish New Year and dates for Jewish holidays. The Hebrew calendar was used by the Jews for all daily purposes. Following the conquest of Jerusalem by Pompey in 63 BCE Jews began additionally following the imperial civil calendar for civil matters. This Jewish calendar, still in use, standardized the length of months and the addition of months over the course of a 19 year cycle. Jews do not generally use the words "A.D." and "B.C." to refer to the years on the Gregorian calendar. The "first month" of the Jewish calendar is the month of Nissan. The month of Nissan occurs 11 days earlier each year for two or three years. The American "new year" starts in January but the Jewish calendar has different starting points for different purposes. Jewish calendar, still in use, standardized the length of months and the addition of months over the course of a 19 year cycle.
All Jewish holidays are listed above. To learn more about a specific Jewish holiday, please click the link of that particular Jewish holiday.
Jewish Rituals and Jewish Ceremonies
Judaism has required specialists or authorities for the practice of very few rituals or ceremonies from the time of the Mishnah and Talmud. The Jewish people have had a huge effect on society while nearly always being in a minority. Jewish life is marked by numerous occasions in which individuals and families take time out of their everyday. Judaism religion has most important events. Although a large number of prayers are recited at home as well as in the synagogue.
Birth and Naming Ceremonies: Birth and Naming Ceremonies are the first Sabbath after a Jewish child is born. In Jewish tradition baby girls go through a zeved habat. The girls undergo their ceremony at the first shabbat following their birth. The boys are circumcised and named on the eighth day after their birth as part of their circumcision ceremony. Most Ashkenazi Jews name a baby girl the first Sabbath after she is born. The birth of a child is a momentous occasion that we all want to share with everyone around us.
Circumcision: Circumcision is the performed on the eighth day of a boy's life. Brit Milah means Convenant of Circumcision. Brit Milah is also called Bris Milah. It is a Jewish ceremony in which infant Jewish boys are brought into the covenant commanded by God to Abraham over 3,700 years ago. The only time the Jewish people willingly desisted from this practice was during the 40 years of wandering in the Sinai wilderness. Brit Milah cannot be performed at night or before the eight day, and is considered invalid if done so. The day of birth counts as the first day.
Redemption of the Firstborn: Redemption of the Firstborn is the ceremony is called pidyon ha-ben in Hebrew. Originally the ceremony is organized by the biblical law. This tradition is based on the divine command to redeem the first born. The ceremony is still observed by Orthodox Jews. In Orthodox families, the ceremony is followed by a major celebration. The father then brings the baby to the Kohain and informs him that this is his first born child from his Jewish wife. The ceremony begins with the father bringing his son before a kohein, and announcing that the child is the firstborn son.
Coming of Age: Bar and Bat Mitzvah: Coming of Age: Bar and Bat Mitzvah is the Hebrew phrase for “coming of age” or “commandment age”. It is the Jewish boy, and a Bat Mitzvah a Jewish girl, who has turned 13 years old for girl and who has gone through a ceremony that represents acceptance of some responsibilities which symbolizes their coming of age. Today, boys and girls may mark this event by leading services, reading from the Torah, or doing community service projects. This age is minimum age qualification for marriage. Today they celebrate with the music, dancing, food, gifts and activities for the guest. A Bar or Bat Mitzvah is a milestone event in a young person’s life.
Jewish Marriage Traditions: Jewish Marriage Traditions are the ceremony of the wedding. Jewish marriage ceremony is performed under a special canopy, called a huppah, which represents God's presence, shelter and protection. The couple is exchanging wedding vows, seven marriage blessings are read. It is also traditional for the bride and groom to be alone together for a few moments immediately after the ceremony. In this time the groom ware white-colored cap. This ceremony traditionally called as the yichud.
Divorce in Judaism: Divorce in Judaism is the great tragedy of the Judaism. This religion is accepted divorce as a fact of life, albeit an unfortunate one. In Jewish law, a man can divorce a woman for any reason or no reason. Traditionally, Jewish divorce is granted by a rabbinical court. The divorced person granted by the remarry. But wife is prohibited from marrying for 90 days. Because she quickly remarries and becomes pregnant there will be no questions of paternity. Divorce is a tragedy, but sometimes it's the right thing to do.
Death Rituals and the Chevra KaddishaL: Death Rituals and the Chevra KaddishaL is the natural part of the life. Many laws and customs govern the process of death, burial and mourning. There are no deathbed confessions, and on the first hearing of the death. The Jewish traditional the death body is eyes are closed, the body is covered and laid on the floor, and candles are lit next to it. All Jews, rich or poor, are buried in tachrichin as a statement of the equality in death. Once the body is laid to rest in the casket, it remains closed. Judaism does not allow the viewing of the body.
Mourning: Mourning is the period between death and burial is also as called as the aninut, during which the chief grievers are not obliged to observe the mitzvot. Mourning is the synonymous with grief over the death of someone. In this time they ware dark, sombre clothes is one practice followed in many countries. When death takes a loved one, life seems empty and the future dark. After the first year, the anniversary of death is remembered annually at the synagogue. The chief grievers include the seven close relatives: father, mother, brother, son, daughter and wife or husband. For them, the Jewish law marks different stages of mourning which help them to come to terms with their grief. Jews have guidance at sad times in our lives, because tradition has outlined ways to deal with death and its grief.
Jewish Sects
The historical Jewish movements are Pharisses, Sadduccees and Essenes. These are the responses to the Roman rule of the Israel. The major modern movements are the Reform, Orthodox and Conservative. These are the responses to the modern, secular culture of the Europe and the America. These differences, between the Jewish denominations are also known as the movements. It is varying responses to changing times and cultures.
Orthodox Judaism: The term Orthodox Judaism is only emerged as a result of the growth of new branches of Judaism. All of the Orthodox movements are very similar in their observance and beliefs, differing only in the details that are emphasized. The American and Canadian Orthodox Jews are organized under the Orthodox Union. Orthodox Judaism believes that both the Written and Oral Torah are of divine origin. Orthodox Judaism is the only movement that has preserved the mystical foundations of Jewish theology, referred to as Kabbalah.
Reform Judaism: Reform Judaism is born at the time of the French Revolution. In 1815, after Napoleon's defeat, Jews lost the rights of citizenship in several countries. Thoughtful Jews were concerned about this. Thoughtful Jews were concerned for Reform Judaism. He suggested that Jews study their history and learn of the great achievements of the past. Reform Judaism is the term also may refer to the Israeli Progressive Movement, the worldwide Progressive movement, the Reform movement in Judaism.
Conservative Judaism: The Conservative Judaism is also known as the Masorti Judaism. Conservative Judaism believes that scholarly study of Jewish texts indicates that Judaism has constantly been evolving to meet the needs of the Jewish people in varying circumstances. Conservative Judaism has its roots in the school of thought known as Positive-Historical Judaism. It is the developed on 1850s in Germany. Local rabbis will make use of traditional sources. Conservative Judaism is founded the period of 1801-75. In New York Solomon Schechter reorganized the Jewish Theological Seminary in 1902. Conservative Judaism attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture.
Hasidic Judaism: Hasidic is also called Hasidim in Hebrew. In the Sefer Hasidim austere religious life of these early Hasidim is the documented. The movement originated in Eastern Europe in the 18th century. At that time Jews were experiencing great persecution. Hasidic Judaism began in an honest effort to restore the joy of Judaism to the average Jew. Hasidic Judaism is a Haredi Jewish religious movement. The largest Hasidic groups are located today in Israel and the United States.
Kabbalah: Jewish Mysticism: Kabbalah means to receive in Hebrew language. Kabbalah is a necessary part of the Torah followed by its followers. Kabbalah originally developed entirely within the milieu of Jewish thought and constantly uses classical Jewish sources to explain and demonstrate its esoteric teachings. The term "Kabbalah" has become the main descriptive of Jewish esoteric knowledge and practices. The Sanhedrin leaders were also concerned that the practice of Kabbalah by Jews deported on conquest to other countries.
Jewish Practices and Jewish Kosher Dietary Laws
Jewish ritual religious observe the grounded in Jewish law. The Halakhah shows gratitude to God. Many customs cover all Synagogue ritual and every life cycle event.
The Mitzvot: Mitzvot as is the Festival of Sukkot. Some of the mitzvot are clear, explicit commands in the Bible. Some of the mitzvot overlap The 613 commandments are either "positive commandments" to perform an act of the Mitzvot. Many of the mitzvot cannot be observed following the destruction of the Second Temple. There is also complete agreement that these 613 mitzvot can be broken down into 248 positive mitzvot and 365 negative mitzvoth. Similarly, Israel and the nations come and contend before God on Rosh Hashanah, and we do not know who has prevailed.
The 613 Commandments: 613 commandments are recorded in 12th century. This listing is taken from his classic compendium of Jewish law. The 613 commandments are either "positive commandments" to perform an act or "negative commandments" to abstain from certain acts. This list is reprinted from the book, "Bible Basics," a user-friendly, illustrated reference guide to the Five Books of Moses. In terms of the basic underlying reason for the specific commandment. According to this division, there are three types of "testimonies." This includes all commandments that are meant to bear witness. For example, the festival of Passover is a reminder of the Exodus from Egypt. The festival of Passover is a reminder of the Exodus from Egypt.
Rabbinic Law: Rabbinic Law is collected by the Jewish religious law. The rabbinical portion of halakhah falls into three groups. The groups are a gezeirah, takkanah, and minhag. The gezeriah is a rule instituted by the rabbis to prevent inadvertent violation of a mitzvah.
The Synagogue: The synagogue is the Jewish house of prayer and study. It is first identified in 1866. And it is the Second Temple in 69/70 C.E. The Synagogue once had an old copy of the Old Testament, and it was said that Ezra the Prophet had written it. The synagogue as it appeared in 381 was described by the Spanish pilgrim. A synagogue may be decorated with artwork, but in the Rabbinic and Orthodox tradition, three-dimensional sculptures and depictions of the human body are not allowed, as these are considered akin to idolatry. The present building dates back to 1892. The synagogue as it appeared in 381 was described by the Spanish pilgrim.
Jewish Worship and Prayer: Many Jews sway their body back and forth during prayer. Observant Jews are expected to recite three prayers daily and more on the Sabbath and Jewish holidays. In Orthodox services this is followed by a series of readings from Biblical and rabbinic writings recalling the offerings made in the Temple in Jerusalem. Two prayers starting with Yekum Purkan, composed in Babylon in Aramaic, are similar to the subsequent Mi sheberakh, a blessing for the leaders and patrons of the synagogue.
Keeping Kosher: Jewish Dietary Laws: Kosher dietary laws may seem complicated but Jewish people who keep kosher; it is a sacred duty and a pleasure. It is the same root as the more commonly known word "kosher," which describes food that meets these standards. Food can be kosher without a rabbi or priest ever becoming involved with it. Kosher is not a style of cooking. Traditional Ashkenazic Jewish foods like knishes, bagels, blintzes, and matzah ball soup can all be non-kosher if not prepared in accordance with Jewish law. This is the important law for the Jewish people have been demonstrated in times of persecution, in which Jews have been forced to eat non-kosher foods under penalty of death: many Jews chose to die rather than break kosher.Recitation of prayers is Jewish worship for the central characteristic. These prayers are instructions and commentary is found in siddur. These are all founded in the Jewish prayer book.
Jewish Texts
In this text has remembered the great things God has done for the Jewish people in history. Jewish Text seminar represents a liberal approach to the study of Jewish Texts through a return to active learning. The importance of Judaism's sacred texts extends far beyond their religious significance. The text is the historical and cultural wealth which is critically examined and studied. The text has evident in much of Israel's modern culture, which draws on the legacies of the past even as it gives voice to the issues and concerns of the present. This is the part of the Jewish child's education.
Tanakh: Tanakh is the sacred text. The importance of Judaism's sacred texts extends far beyond their religious significance. The elements of the Tanakh are incorporated in various forms in Christian Bibles, in which, with some variations, it is called the "Old Testament". The Tanakh is also called Mikra. "Tanakh" was not used as a word or term. The three-part division reflected in the acronym "Tanakh" is well attested to in documents from the Second Temple period and in Rabbinic literature. The Tanakh counts as one book what are sometimes counted as two in Christian Bibles. For example one and two is Samuel, one and two is Kings and so forth. There are two major approaches towards study and commentary on, the Tanakh.
Torah: The word "Torah" is a tricky one, because it can mean different things in different contexts. The Torah is the most holy of the sacred writings in Judaism. The books that Christians call the New Testament are not part of Jewish scripture. Torah was created prior to the creation of the world, and that it was used as the blueprint for Creation. The Torah has also been accepted to varying degrees by the Samaritans. The Torah scrolls that we read from in synagogue are un-pointed text.
Talmud: The Oral Torah: Judaism that does not accept the authority of the Oral Law, while accepting the authority of the Written Torah, is called Karaite Judaism. Rabbis of the Talmudic era conceived of the Oral Law in two distinct ways. The Talmud also plays an important role in Conservative Judaism. Oral traditions are the observed on the other cultures. Although the Oral Law has been in written form for almost 18 centuries. It is another important text between the Tanakh.
Midrash: Midrash is the large body of rabbinical material derived primary from sermons. The term 'Midrash' can refer to a particular way of reading and interpreting a biblical verse. The term 'Midrash' can refer to a book - a compilation of Midrashic teachings. Midrash minimizes the authority of the wording of the text as communication, normal language. This allows for some very powerful and moving interpretations which, to the ordinary user of language, seem to have very little connection with the text. The former is still studied today, while the latter was used by many medieval Jewish authorities.
Responsa: Responsa is an answer given by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on certain matters. It has the thousands of volumes of answers to specific questions on Jewish law. The questions forwarded are usually practical, and often concerned with new contingencies for which no provision has been made in the codes of law. Responsa began to be compiled in the middle Ages and continue to the present day. The Responsa accordingly contain rulings on ethics. Older Responsa are also important for readings and emendations of the Mishnah and the Talmud. The Holy Office is the sole and exclusive doctrinal organization which has the right to give Responsa.
Zohar: Zohar is also known as the “Book of Splendour”. The Zohar is a Kabbalistic commentary on the Hebrew Bible. It is not one book, its group of books. The Zohar first appeared in Spain in the 13th century. Dozens of pages in this book are devoted to analyses of the hidden meaning behind first few letters of Genesis. The Zohar was quoted by Todros Abulafia, by Menahem Recanati, and even by Isaac of Acco. The Zohar was held to be an authentic book of mysticism passed down from the second century. Zohar is followed by the almost Orthodox Jews for that matter many of them were themselves Kabbalists.
Jewish Hebrew Alphabet
Jewish Hebrew alphabet is written from right to left. In this type write not only Hebrew all Jewish languages that employ it. The Hebrew alphabet is not a true alphabet it is in fact an abjad. There are over 150 laws concerning how the Hebrew Alphabet must be written by the Jewish Scribe. According to the mystics of the Jewish tradition, the entire cosmos is said to be created from the 22 consonants of the Hebrew Aleph Bet. The characters of the Hebrew Alphabet are derived from the so-called Phenician or Old Semitic letters. The Aramaic characters had undergone many changes in development before the Jews became acquainted with them. Ancient monuments with square letters are very rare. The number of inscriptions relating to this period is very small, and their contents are of little importance. The great importance, however, which was attached to these manuscripts led to great care in the execution of the characters. The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet. Hebrew letters are also used to denote numbers, nowadays used only in specific contexts.
All languages are write to left to right but Hebrew and Yiddish languages are write from right to left. In Jewish language first letter is Alef and Tav is the last letter. In other words, the entire universe is created and sustained by divine language.
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Tag Archive for 'Museo Correr'
Published on 29. 02. 2016 in comics and cartooning, commentary and criticism, culture, current affairs, hype & linkage and pictorial arts. Closed Tags: Alan Moore, Andrea Schiavone, Anthony van Dyck, Apple, Craig Fischer, Denmark, FBI, Hugh Eakin, Jacen Burrows, migration, Museo Correr, Oliver Guez, The Frick Collection, Xavier F. Salomon.
Andrea Schiavone, the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche, c. 1550, New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Just back from a quick trip to Venice for work. I had the opportunity to see the exhibition on Andrea Schiavone (1510-1563) currently on at the Museo Correr and will recommend it whole-heartedly. It’s the first exhibition ever devoted to this singular and very badly understood artist. The exhibition, curated by Lionello Puppi and Enrico Maria dal Pozzolo, makes a good attempt at establishing a chronology and a convincing account of his development as an artist. A difficult thing to do, since the first dated work we have from him is an etching of 1547, at which point he was well into his thirties and thus one would assume well into his career as an independent artist. It is possible to posit a small body of work that precedes this, but nothing datable to earlier than around 1540 — what was he doing before that? It’s anybody’s guess.
Also, there are a number of works that don’t seem to fit anywhere, most notably the Palazzo Pitti Cain and Abel, which relates to the 1540s mannerist turn in Venetian art and consolidates a dramatic figural configuration derived, I think from Baccio Bandinelli (look at far right), continued by those giants of Venetian art Tintoretto (also in the show) and Veronese in the early 1550s. The attribution to Schiavone of the picture goes back to the seventeenth century and the general assumption is that it must be an early work, from before he started subverting perspective, anatomy and naturalistic colour to formulate his extraordinary — sometimes clumsy, sometimes exhilarating — explorations of expressive figuration. The thing is, there’s nothing else in his known oeuvre that looks like this picture, which is closer to (though probably not by) Pordenone, that muscular mannerist of 1530s Venetian painting, than anything else.
Once we get into the 1550s, Schiavone’s development becomes somewhat clearer and some really fantastically original drawings, prints and paintings emerge. The exhibition makes a strong case for his adaptation of Parmigianino’s figural eloquence and Titian’s depth of colour his subversion of great central Italian figures — Salviati, to be sure, but more importantly, Raphael — into a distinctive idiom that, if one accepts the argument of the exhibition, actually anticipated and perhaps even inspired significant developments in the art of figures as great as Titian (who was clearly a close colleague), Tintoretto, and Jacopo Bassano.
Anyway, there’s much more to say and I don’t have the time or wherewithal to do so right now, but if you’re around Venice sometimes over the next month or so, do go see this eye-opening exhibition. It closes 10 April.
The week’s links:
Alan Moore! Craig Fischer had a great review up of Moore’s and Jacen Burrows’ first seven issues of the Lovecraft exegesis Providence up the week before last. It’s a great piece, which makes me look forward to reading the book, even if I’ve been largely disappointed with the direction Moore has gone in recent years. His previous Lovecraft book, Neonomicon, was mean-spirited and rather predictable horror-schlock and Crossed #100 was just plain drudgery. But it’s Moore, so it has to get a lot worse before I loose interest. Pagan Dawn had a terrific interview with Moore on magic. Holding out for Jerusalem…
Hugh Eakin on Denmark, its immigration policy, and the refugee crisis. A great introduction to the political and social situation in Denmark that may help explain the depressing actions of the Danish government lately. Related: I found Oliver Guez’ call for increased European unity in the New York Times well stated.
Apple vs. FBI primer. Great one-stop guide to the specifics of the controversy. Was surprised to learn that an FBI mandated change of iCloud password landed them in this situation. What a screw-up.
My good colleague Xavier F. Salomon on Van Dyck’s great Portrait of Cardinal Bentivoglio, soon to be on loan from Palazzo Pitti to the Frick Collection for its exhibition Van Dyck: The Anatomy of Portraiture.
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World’s Tallest Building will be Kingdom Tower
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture recently announced that it is designing Kingdom Tower which will be the world's tallest building, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, near the Red Sea.
Project : Kingdom Tower
Location : Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
Design architects : Adrian Smith and Gordon Gill
Developer : Jeddah Economic Company
Project cost : $1.2 billion
At over 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) and a total construction area of 530,000 square meters (5.7 million square feet), Kingdom Tower will be the centerpiece and first construction phase of the Kingdom City development on a 5.3 million-square-meter site in north Jeddah. The tower's height will be at least 173 meters (568 feet) taller than the world's current tallest building, Dubai's 828-meter-tall Burj Khalifa, which was designed by Adrian Smith while at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Kingdom Tower will feature a Four Seasons hotel, Four Seasons serviced apartments, Class A office space, luxury condominiums and the world's highest observatory.
The project was announced by His Royal Highness Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud, nephew of Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah and chairman of Kingdom Holding Company, which is a partner in Jeddah Economic Company along with prominent Jeddah businessmen Samaual Bakhsh and Abdulrahman Hassan Sharbatly and Saudi Binladin Group (SBG). SBG is also the contractor for Kingdom Tower.
"Prince Alwaleed, Mr. Bakhsh, Mr. Sharbatly and I were impressed by the boldness and simplicity of the Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill design," said Talal Al Maiman, Executive Director, Development and Domestic Investments, a Board member of Kingdom Holding Company and a board member of JEC. "Kingdom Tower's height is remarkable, obviously, but the building's iconic status will not depend solely on that aspect. Its form is brilliantly sculpted, making it quite simply one of the most beautiful buildings in the world of any height."
In addition to its status as an architectural landmark and economic symbol, Kingdom Tower will enjoy great cultural significance. "We envision Kingdom Tower as an iconic new marker of Jeddah's historic importance as the traditional gateway to the holy city of Mecca," Al Maiman said. He noted that the southeast leg of Kingdom Tower's tripedal base is on a direct line with the Ka'ba in Mecca, Islam's holiest site.
"Our vision for Kingdom Tower is one that represents the new spirit of Saudi Arabia," said Smith, whose experience in supertall tower design at SOM also includes Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai, Nanjing Greenland Financial Center in Nanjing, China, the Trump International Hotel & Tower in Chicago and Pearl River Tower, now in the late stages of construction in Guangzhou, China. "This tower symbolizes the Kingdom as an important global business and cultural leader, and demonstrates the strength and creative vision of its people. It represents new growth and high-performance technology fused into one powerful iconic form. "
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill's design for Kingdom Tower is both highly technological and distinctly organic. "With its slender, subtly asymmetrical massing, the tower evokes a bundle of leaves shooting up from the ground - a burst of new life that heralds more growth all around it," Smith said.
The sleek, streamlined form of the tower was inspired by the folded fronds of young desert plant growth, Gordon Gill added. "The way the fronds sprout upward from the ground as a single form, then start separating from each other at the top, is an analogy of new growth fused with technology," he said. "We're thrilled to be working with His Highness and Jeddah Economic Company to help define this path for the Kingdom."
While the design is contextual to Saudi Arabia, it also represents an evolution and a refinement of an architectural continuum of skyscraper design. The three-petal footprint is ideal for residential units, and the tapering wings produce an aerodynamic shape that helps reduce structural loading due to wind vortex shedding. The Kingdom Tower design embraces its architectural pedigree, taking full advantage of the proven design strategies and technological strategies of its lineage, refining and advancing them to achieve new heights.
The result is an elegant, cost-efficient and highly constructible design that is at once grounded in built tradition and aggressively forward-looking, taking advantage of new and innovative thinking about technology, building materials, life-cycle considerations and energy conservation. For example, the project will feature a high-performance exterior wall system that will minimize energy consumption by reducing thermal loads. In addition, each of Kingdom Tower's three sides features a series of notches that create pockets of shadow that shield areas of the building from the sun and provide outdoor terraces with stunning views of Jeddah and the Red Sea.
The great height of Kingdom Tower necessitates one of the world's most sophisticated elevator systems. The Kingdom Tower complex will contain 59 elevators, including 54 single-deck and five double-deck elevators, along with 12 escalators. Elevators serving the observatory will travel at a rate of 10 meters per second in both directions.
Another unique feature of the design is a sky terrace, roughly 30 meters (98 feet) in diameter, at level 157. It is an outdoor amenity space intended for use by the penthouse floor.
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill also designed the master plan for the 23-hectare Kingdom Tower Waterfront District, which surrounds the tower and which will include residential and commercial buildings, a shopping mall, high-quality outdoor spaces and other amenities. The Waterfront District provides a cohesive and pedestrian-friendly setting for Kingdom Tower while creating a pleasant neighborhood experience along the Kingdom City lakefront.
The district encompasses a high-end shopping mall designed by Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, plus additional development parcels that accommodate commercial and high-density residential uses, offices, two luxury hotels and high-quality open spaces, including the central Tower Plaza. A serene waterfront promenade connects Kingdom Tower, the various development parcels, the open space areas and the mall together. The result is an exciting mixed-use area that offers a concentrated and comprehensive experience including vibrant shopping, entertainment and open-space amenities. The Waterfront District also provides an array of connections to other areas within Kingdom City's overall master plan, designed by HOK Architects.
Design development of the tower is under way, with construction to begin imminently. Foundation drawings are complete and the piling for the tower is currently being tendered. Kingdom tower will cost approximately $1.2 billion to construct, while the cost of the entire Kingdom City project is anticipated to be $20 billion.
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Hornlee Primary is situated in the suburb of Hornlee in Knysna, South Africa. It is the centre of the community which mostly poor, black and coloured people who are termed by the government as “previously disadvantaged”. The community experiences a high percentage of unemployment, affected by the closure of the timber industry on Thesen Island and emphasised by the recession.
Grades R to 7 are taught. Language medium is Afrikaans. There are approximately 1000 learners (children).
As a result of the Group Areas Act during apartheid, many people were forced to relocate to Hornlee. This prompted the government to build a second school, Hornlee Primary School, which opened in 1978.
The current staff includes 32 educators, 2 administration clerks and 3 other public servants. Since the beginning of the new millenium, the principal has been Mr. Neil Weber.
P.O. Box 520 – Wing Street – Hornlee – Knysna – 6570
hornlee.primary@gmail.com
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Journalist says Earl ‘Seko’ Grant Threatened Him
Posted date: June 03, 2013 In: Local | comment : 0
Local Journalist – Mr. Carlisle Jno Baptiste
Earl Seko Grant – who was charged with conspiracy to commit arson, in relation to the December 25th 2010 firebombing of former Magistrate Glenworth Emmanuel’s home, has found himself in a quandary.
A local journalist – Mr. Carlisle Jno Baptiste, has reported that, Earl Seko Grant, who was granted bail on Friday May 31st, threatened him.
Mr. Jno Baptiste stated, while outside the Court on Friday May 31st, after receiving news that Mr. Grant would be bailed, while Mr. Grant was on his way to the courtroom, there were reporters trying to the capture of picture of him.
During that time, Mr. Jno Baptiste stated, Mr. Grant said, “Carlisle I will break your neck.”
Mr. Jno Baptiste claimed, after the proceedings at the Court, he spoke with Mr. Grant’s lawyer, Mrs. Zena Dyer, informing her of the incident. She said she would speak to her client in reference to his claims.
He added, Mrs. Dyer requested that he remain silent on the matter and he agreed.
However, after discussions with other individuals, he was advised to take this matter seriously and file a formal report to the police.
Earl Seko Grant (In Grey Hoody)
This was done about an hour after the incident at the Roseau Police Station.
The journalist noted, that the police officer at the Roseau Police Station, called the St. Joseph Police Station when he made the report.
They informed them of the incident and the officers there were directed to make contact with Mr. Grant to notify him of the report filed against him.
He added, he does not see this incident as one that would require legal action, however he wants Mr. Grant to receive a stern warning to be very careful on the statements he makes, and to desist from making any further threats to him.
Quoted from Mr. Jno Baptiste, “Those things have far reaching implications; as if God forbid something happens to me, he will be the one responsible as he said he is going to break my neck”.
Scotts Head Resident Fine $2000 for Drug Related Offence
Couple Charged for Possession of Cannabis
Mother Keeps son in Prison to Teach Him a Lesson
Dominica Calypso Association Address Libel and Slander
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Buggles
The Age of Plastic
A lot of people (especially in the progressive rock community) have disparaging things to say about Buggles. Personally I’ve always enjoyed the band. Don’t get me wrong, I think there are a couple progressive rock tracks here, but I wouldn’t consider this disc to be prog. Rather the group is included in that genre since (after this disc was released) the duo (Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes) became members of Yes and because Downes is also the solo permanent member of the original Asia. Progressive rock or not, this is still quite an entertaining album.
Living In The Plastic Age
Weird bits of voices and ringing, like a phone, come and go as this opens. It eventually works out to a cool electronic groove. The vocals come in over the top of that. This is a bit like Kraftwerk with a groove and some humanity added to it. There are some really soaring moments as this cut continues. Honestly, I think this is a much stronger tune that "Video Killed the Radio Star." It has some similarities to that song, but just ups the ante. It's a real winner.
The first video to be played on MTV, you have to have heard this song. It’s a cool tune with some varying themes and moods, but you probably know that.
Kid Dynamo
A big change from the first two tracks, this is much more powerful and dramatic. It’s also one that I’d log in as progressive rock. It’s a great piece of music. I’d put this as one of the highlights of the set. It’s not that far removed, in terms of the music, from something by Rick Wakeman.
I Love You (Miss Robot)
A mellower and more understated song, this is pretty. It’s also a change from the rest of the stuff here, and frankly, I’d still call it progressive rock.
Clean, Clean
This is a study in contrasts. It starts with a classical music section that feels like it could have come from a Rick Wakeman album, but then works out into a punky sort of jam. There are a number of other motifs on this. It’s a catchy tune, but not the most proggy thing on the set.
A bouncy and pretty mellower number, this is a cool tune. That said, the music is a bit much like “Video Killed The Radio Star.” Still, it also reminds quite a bit of some of Rick Wakeman’s solo works.
Astroboy (And The Proles On Parade)
More of an electronica sort of piece, this has some cool keyboard work, but over all isn’t really a highlight of the CD.
Johnny On The Monorail
More of a keyboard oriented pop track, this one’s also tasty, but not exceptional.
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Artists' Association MUU » PERFORMANCE VOYAGE 5 premiers in The Hague
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PERFORMANCE VOYAGE 5 premiers in The Hague
Loosduinseweg 9
2571 AA den Haag, The Netherlands
The new PERFORMANCE VOYAGE collection for 2015 is ready and will have its premiere on 8 March 2015 in the Hague. PERFORMANCE VOYAGE 5 showcases video performances by 13 artists and collectives. The PV5 compilation was made from among work submitted in response to an open international call for artists. The theme of the 2015 compilation is “Domestic”, implying such concepts as national, home and even homelessness, as well as family, native, national, political point of view, and immigration.
The first PV5 screening will be held on 8 March in Stichting Ruimtevaart, The Hague, Netherlands. The event is organised in cooperation with In Your Living Room.
The artists featured on the screening programme are Annette Arlander (Finland), Yvon Chabrowski (Germany), Sasha Huber (Finland/Switzerland/Haiti), Julieta Maria (Canada), Sara Pathirane (Finland), “Richter/Meyer/Marx(Berlin)” (Germany), Rah Saneie (Canada/Iran), Willem Wilhelmus (Finland/Netherlands) & Tomasz Szrama (Finland/ Poland), and Carlo Zanni (Italy).
The PV5 exhibition in Helsinki in September 2015 will also include works by Jan Hakon Erichsen (Norway), Lea & Pekka Kantonen (Finland), Jenni Markkanen (Finland), and Owen Parry (UK).
The jury members for PV5 were Ray Langenbach, professor of performance art and theory at Theatre Academy in Helsinki, Minna Suoniemi, artist, and Timo Soppela, director, Artists´ Association MUU.
RUIMTEVAART FOUNDATION’S primary mission is to secure affordable spaces in which different disciplines and practitioners can work as well as exhibit. An artist initiative established in 1991, Ruimtevaartalso initiates contemporary art projects: sound/and media art and music.
Since its formation, Ruimtevaart has occupied several very different types of public buildings in The Hague. Since May 2007, Ruimtevaart has had a new location, the former AAZ building at Loosduinseweg 9. The building offers Ruimtevaart ample opportunities to further extend its operations and establish itself as a platform for the visual arts, design, music and cinematography.
www.stichting-ruimtevaart.nl
IN YOUR LIVING ROOM (IYLR) is an ongoing project founded in 2012 that offers a platform for artists to present their work outside of the usual white cube. Artists from every discipline and approach are welcome to experiment outside of the institution while reaching a wide audience. IYLR’s fast-paced and frequent exhibitions allow space to play, to succeed and to fail.
www.inyourlivingroom.nl
ARTISTS’ ASSOCIATION MUU, founded in 1987, promotes professional artists working across a wide range of disciplines. MUU has 650 artist members, based in Finland. MUU’s two galleries in Helsinki organise exhibitions, screenings, concerts and performances by artists and curators from Finland and abroad. MUU Media Base is a digital working space that supports the creation of artworks through the use of new technologies.
Amorph! International Performance Art Festival has been organised since the mid-1990s, latest in 2014 under the theme “Community”. Published in 2011, Performance Art Bank is a database dedicated to showcasing Finnish performance art. MUU has actively organised international sound art events, exhibitions and workshops. MUU FOR EARS is a series of sound art CD publications, presenting Nordic and international sound art. In 2015, a new database of Finnish sound art, Sound Art Bank, will be published.
www.muu.fi
PERFORMANCE VOYAGE SINCE 2011 – The “Performance Voyage” project was launched in 2011 in conjunction with the Amorph! Festival. Since then, Performance Voyage has become part of MUU’s annual project repertoire, an international initiative whose prominence has increased year by year. The goal of the project is to record and document performance art that usually is bound to the moment, and by doing so keep the piece alive even after the actual performance.
In 2015, Performance Voyage 5 videos will be screened globally at 15 different venues in the Nordic countries, Europe, Canada and more.
Finnish Cultural Institute for the Benelux
Timo Soppela, +358-(0)9-625 972, muugalleria@muu.fi, www.muu.fi
SCREENING/TOUR PROGRAMME:
Annette Arlander: Year of the Tiger 1 (06:19, 2011 | Finland)
Wrapped in a white shawl, the artist lies on the remains of the stone base of an old building on Harakka Island outside Helsinki once a week for a year from 14 February 2010 to 31 January 2011. The aim is to draw attention to changes taking place in the landscape caused by the shifting seasons, weather and climate, and thus to also demonstrate time, to make visible its passing.
Annette Arlander lives and works in Helsinki. She is an artist, researcher and pedagogue, and one of the pioneers of Finnish performance art and trailblazers of artistic research.
Yvon Chabrowski: Afterimage/Protest (07:08, 2013 | Germany)
(excerpt from “Afterimage/Protest”, HD video installation, 17:17 loop, projection onto 191x340cm MDF board, 2013)
Afterimage/Protest is based on a collection of media images of protests found on the Internet. The re-enactment in the video is based on the iconography of images of recent demonstrations from Istanbul and Cairo – but the scenes could also be several centuries old. The slowness of the re-enactment and the freezing of movement in tableaux vivants takes away something of the inevitability of the plot, thereby opening a space of possibilities.
Yvon Chabrowski lives in Berlin and Leipzig. In her work, she ascertains the qualities and functions of media images by establishing three-dimensional video installations and performances, thereby turning the images into material that can be encountered from different perspectives.
Sasha Huber: Haïti Chérie (06:10, 2011 | Finland/Switzerland/Haiti)
Haïti Chérie is a response to the tragic earthquake in Haiti in 2010. A few weeks after the catastrophe, Huber carried out a performance on snowy, seemingly endless frozen sea in Finland, the waters of which continue all the way to the coasts of Haiti. Snow angels drawn by Huber’s body symbolize sorrow and lives lost, but also solidarity and hope.
Sasha Huber is a visual artist of Swiss-Haitian heritage, born in Zurich, Switzerland, and currently living in Helsinki, Finland. Huber’s creative practice spans a variety of media, including video, photography, performance-based interventions, and publications.
Julieta Maria: Limpia (02:37, 2013 | Canada)
Through an intimate gesture of the mouth, this video performance reveals the healing power and authority of the mother in a mother-daughter relationship. The word ‘limpia’ has several meanings. In addition to its basic meaning ‘clean’, it also refers to a ritual of spiritual cleansing, but in the Colombian Caribbean it also means to reprimand through spanking.
Julieta Maria is a Toronto-based video and new media artist with an MFA in visual arts from York University. Her recent work has centred on staged actions performed for video, exploring the experience of violence as an intrusion in the everyday relationship between a subject and the world.
Sara Pathirane: Scarabée (02:20, 2013 | Finland)
Scarabée is a video performance that was shot and performed in the Sahara desert in 2013. The theme of the video is the origin of an image. The Sahara desert is both an imaginary space and an exact location with specific sand formations and state borders.
Sara Pathirane, from Helsinki, Finland, is a painter and intermedia artist who chooses her media according the subject. Video performance and live performance have long been part of her practice. In her work, Pathirane explores the issue of the origin of images and the tradition of landscape painting.
Richter/Meyer/Marx (Berlin): 9991/24 (DYNAMIC BIOGRAPHY) (05:45, 2013 | Germany)
A life in the fast lane: What will remains of it?
Richter/Meyer/Marx (Berlin) is a group that searches for a point of contact from theory and movement. Helge-Björn Meyer studied philosophy at the University Leipzig, Germany, and has worked for several theatres. Since 2010 he has been a dramaturg for dance at Oper Graz in Austria. Katja Richter studied choreography at Hochschule für Schauspielkunst Ernst Busch Berlin. She works as a dancer, stuntwoman and choreographer.
Rah Saneie: Oreo (06:01, 2014 | Iran/Canada)
Oreo is a Youtube tutorial parody. Rah strategically uses humour and the tutorial approach as a communicative tool. Youtube tutorials have become a common way to disseminate and obtain information about many things including beauty practices. Rah uses this model to address contemporary political issues and to stimulate dialogue surrounding racism and white privilege.
Rah Saneie is an Iranian-Canadian video, photo and performance artist. Rah’s work has been published and exhibited internationally in Ottawa, Toronto, New York, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Iran, China, Berlin, Graz, Vienna, Hamburg and London.
Willem Wilhelmus (Finland/Netherlands) & Tomasz Szrama (Finland/Poland):
Framed (00:33, 2012) & Chair (03:45, 2012 | Poland/Netherlands/Finland)
Framed deals with the relation between documentation and privacy.
Chair is an edited video about none other than a chair and how to place such an elementary piece of furniture inside and at the same time outside a living space.
Willem Wilhelmus was born in the Netherlands, and lives now in Helsinki, Finland. Since 1999 he has presented well over 160 distinctive works at international art and performance events in Europe, North and South America, Asia and Africa.
Tomasz Szrama was born in Poland, and lives now in Helsinki, Finland. Since 1996 Tomasz has created happenings, performances and art videos and presented his works in many national and international events and festivals.
Carlo Zanni: My Temporary Visiting Position From The Sunset Terrace Bar (04:00, video from the 360 generated videos (Data Cinema), 2007 | Italy)
Set in the city of Ahlen, in Germany, My Temporary Visiting Position From The Sunset Terrace Bar imitates an amateur film of a landscape framed at sunset. The work, exploring such themes as exile, migration and border control, is enhanced by a poem by the esteemed author, Ghada Samman, and music by the international band, Gotan Project, and composer Gabriel Yared.
Carlo Zanni was born in La Spezia, Italy. Since the early 2000s, his practice has involved the use of Internet data to create time-based social consciousness experiences that investigate our life. Zanni’s practice finds its roots in Sol Lewitt’s artist statement, “The idea becomes a machine that makes the art”, which he translates into a contemporary adaptation, “The idea becomes the code that renders the art.”
IN ADDITION TO THE TOUR, THE PERFORMANCE VOYAGE 5 EXHIBITION WILL ALSO INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING WORKS, PRESENTED IN MUU GALLERY, HELSINKI, IN AUTUMN 2015:
Jan Hakon Erichsen: The Shape Of Things to Come (Origami Odyssey) (08:06, 2012 | Norway)
A male figure attempts to force ordinary furniture and household items into basic origami shapes in a film that mimics the aesthetics of instructional videos.
Jan Hakon Erichsen is a Norwegian artist working with a variety of media. His work focuses on such topics as fear, anger, and frustration. Erichsen has spent several years perfecting a D.I.Y. aesthetic which uses found objects as the main source of material.
Lea & Pekka Kantonen: The Dream and Blueberry Soup (05:20, 2011 (2001) | Finland)
The Dream and Blueberry Soup depicts an everyday domestic situation which embraces simultaneously the states of dreaming and wakefulness and the states of being a child, an adult and an animal.
Since the early 1980s, Lea & Pekka Kantonen´s artistic practice has involved cooperation with other artists, schools, museums and different communities both locally and internationally. They work simultaneously with various projects dealing with similar issues, combining art with fieldwork, teaching, research and political action.
Jenni Markkanen: Fire Tiger (06:29, 2013 | Finland)
Jenni Markkanen bases her video performance, Fire Tiger, on her Chinese horoscope. In its colours and at the core of the performance lies a fiery warmth – the strong optimism of a tiger fighting with love, willing to assure viewers of the trueness of the performer’s belief in her own nature.
Jenni Markkanen is a Helsinki-based visual and performance artist. In her work, she explores personal sincerity through self-portrait narratives which are typically heartbreakingly honest and oddly endearing at the same time.
Owen G. Parry: CIRM 2013-4 (07:37, 2014 | UK)
A public service announcement spoken in the unintelligible languages of Penification, Globalese and onO okoY sparks a series of performances, premonitions, visions, voices and fictions for summoning the impossible “R” and the not-quite-here-yet.
The video uses original sound, scavenged visual material, and edited video documentation from CIRM performances in order to construct a temporary MIRAGE – both a document and advertisement – a porthole into things past and things future.
Owen Parry’s practice is research driven and often collaborative. Working at the intersection of pop culture and the avant-garde, his practice aims to create new mythologies in place of any consistent language or style.
Posted: February 26th, 2015 under Events, News.
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Official releases.
(for more information on the albums, click on the album sleeve)
The new collaborative album from Oliver and legendary guitarist Gordon Giltrap - released March '13.
Featuring Paul Manzi - Vocals, Steve Amadeo - Bass Guitar, Johanne James - Drums
The album also features a special vocal appearance by Benoit David, Oliver's old band mate from Yes, on the track 'From the Turn of a Card'.
This Yes album features Oliver on Keyboards and is being released as a CD/DVD package and triple Live album.
Dancing to the Devil's Beat
This Strawbs album features Oliver on Keyboards and the first Wakeman/Cousins collaboration.
Coming to Town live DVD & CD
This live DVD of the Oliver wakeman Band in concert in Poland is also available as a single audio only CD.
Available as a download album from iTunes!
A keyboard instrumental album originally released in 2003 as part of a three CD box set but re-released in 2007 under Olivers name.
Released by Progrock records in November 2005.
A collection of hard-edged yet melodic songs, the album showcases Oliver's writing skills but also allows room for the dynamic instrumentation which has become a trademark of Oliver's work.
Released by President Records on the 26th May 2003.
Oliver's solo instrumental keyboard album.
This 4 track single was a limited release which has now sold out.
A second collaboration with Clive Nolan, written in the style of a Rock Musical.
Released by Verglas Music 4th February 2002.
Featuring Steve Howe on guitars.
Released by Resurgence 23rd July 2001.
A Progressive Rock Musical co-written with Clive Nolan, based on the poem by Lewis Carroll.
Released by Verglas Music January 1999.
Original album released April 1997.
Remastered version with addtional material released by Verglas Music 26th August 1999.
Commissioned work.
A commissioned work for relaxation and meditation. Released as part of the 'Spiritual Vitamins' series by New Age label 'Balance & Harmony'. Although his name does not appear on the front cover of the album, Oliver is fully credited with the composition and performance on the inside rear cover of the booklet.
Released on 31st March 2003. A commissioned instrumental album for the Disky Communications label. Oliver's music makes up one CD in the 3 CD set.
This CD has since been deleted but re-released as a download album. Click on the album sleeve for more information.
CD version of the famous TV show, main Jingle music composed and performed by Oliver.
The Great Epic Poems
Read by Anthony Davies, John Green & Christopher Farries, with incidental music composed and performed by Oliver.
The Great Love Poets
Read by Sian Phillips, Samuel West & Steven Crossley, with incidental music composed and performed by Oliver.
The Great War Poets
Read by Christopher Farries, Anthony Davies & Pat Nelson, with incidental music composed and performed by Oliver.
Poems of Natural Beauty
Heroic Poems
Read by Derek Jacobi and David Rintoul, with incidental music composed and performed by Oliver.
Lovers Trysts Poems
Read by Juliet Stevenson, David Rintoul and Judy Bennett, with incidental music composed and performed by Oliver.
Other Stuff / Collectables etc...
'Hypatia' - Telergy
Featuring Oliver's keyboard soloing on the opening track. Released April 2015
'What If?' - Carrie Martin
Featuring Oliver on Piano and String Ensemble arrangement for the title track 'What If?'. Released 6th March 2014
'Songs from The Great War' - BBC 3 CD set
Featuring Oliver's track 'Peace'. Released 2nd June 2014
'Sailing Uncharted Seas' - PROG magazine covermount
Featuring 'Moneyfacturing' from the Ravens & Lullabies album. Released 6th March 2013
'Blue' by Paul Bond
Featuring Oliver as a guest keyboardist along with Nick Beggs on Bass.
'Blue' is a charity single released with all profits going to Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital who saved the life of Pauls son Josh after he contracted a serious illness.
Let The Song Begin - King Friday
This album features Oliver on 3 tracks, 'Still the World' (synth solos), 'Let the Song Begin' (Piano, keyboards and synth solo) and 'Down to You' (Mellotron and synths). It is now available from iTunes.
'Strange Ang3ls' by David Mark Pearce
Featuring Oliver as a guest soloist.
'Strange Ang3ls' is the debut album by OWB guitarist David Mark Pearce. The album also features, amongst others, Goran Edman (ex-Yngwie Malmsteen, John Norum) and John Payne (Asia) on vocals. Released in June '11.
'Strawberry Fayre' by Strawbs
Featuring Oliver Wakeman on three tracks as a member of the current Strawbs line up.
Released on 5th October, Vol. 1 is a 2CD set of highlights from the whole weekend of the Strawbs 40th Anniversary concert. CD includes a 16 page booklet with photographs and line-up details.
'Timeline' by Ayreon
Featuring Oliver Wakeman on the track 'Day17: Accident?'.
Released in September 2010. This CD is the first Ayreon retrospective collectors' box featuring a bonus DVD.
'One Among the Living' by Mystery
Featuring Oliver Wakeman solo on the track Kameleon Man. The album also features Oliver's band mate from YES, Benoit David!
'Spectrum' - Steve Howe
Steve's new solo album, titled Spectrum, released in the UK and USA on 4th July 2005
Tony Levin, Dylan Howe, Virgil Howe, and Oliver Wakeman accompany Steve on this solo release.
'The Human Equation' - Ayreon
Oliver appears on his good friend, Arjen Lucassen's latest album. Oliver appears on the track 'Day 17: Accident?'. Other guests include, amongst others, James LaBrie (Dream Theatre), Ken Hensley (ex-Uriah Heep) & Heather Findlay (Mostly Autumn)
'Complementary Medicine' - DVD
The track 'Progress of the Soul' (from Oliver's Spiritual Enlightenment CD) is used as the title music for this DVD
"A look at a large range of complementary medicines. Top professionals clearly explain nineteen complementary medicine subjects."
'Mellotron' Magazine Issue 30 Cover CD
Featuring "The Enchanter" from 'The 3 Ages of Magick'.
Verglas Sampler Volume 2
Featuring "The Mission" from 'Jabberwocky' and the title track from 'Heaven's Isle'.
Metal Invader Cover CD
Featuring "Dangerous World" from 'Jabberwocky'.
'Heaven's Isle' Original Opus Music release
We know of a very few mint-condtion copies of this limited edition original 11-track release available for sale. If you are interested in obtaining one of these, please email us, and we will put you in touch with the vendor.
'Integration' by Hybrid
Featuring Oliver Wakeman on two tracks; 'Man on the Moon' and 'Moving Lights'
'Classic Rock' Magazine Cover CD
Featuring "The Mission" from 'Jabberwocky'.
'One Heart' - Various Artists
The track, 'Standing Stones' from 'the 3 Ages of Magick' appears on this North Devon Hospice charity CD. The CD also features tracks from Reef, Elkie Brooks and Joss Ackland.
'All Around the World' - Prog Aid - Various Artists
ProgAID was set-up in the wake of the terrible earthquake and Tsunami disaster that tragically struck on the 26th December 2004. The CD features Oliver on Piano and Rhodes along side Arjen Lucassen, Neil Morse, Roine Stolt, Anthony Phillips and many others.
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News&announcements
Concerts Schedule
Visiting Rules
Our soloists
Rieger-Kloss organ
St. Nicholas Cathedral
News&announcements Our soloists Organ players Irina Kalynovska
Irina Kalynovska
Iryna Kalynovska, a graduate of the Tchaikovsky National Academy of Music in Ukraine (piano (Professor A. Yankelevych) and organ (Professor A. Kotliarevskyi) classes), has been employed as an organist with the Kamianets-Podilskyi State Historical Reserve, the Khmelnytskyi Oblast Philharmonic, and the Kyiv Theatre of Poetry. Since 1983, she has been a soloist of the National Organ and Chamber Music Hall of Ukraine. In 1982, Iryna Kalynovska became a laureate of the First Republican Organists Contest and won a special prize for the best musical performance. In 1996, Mrs. I. Kalynovska became an Honored Artist of Ukraine, and in 2009 - a National Artist of Ukraine.
Iryna Kalynovska has an inherent constant love of self-improvement. She has sharpened her skills under the guidance of well-known musician W. Schetelich (Germany), Professor F. Klinda (Slovakia), and L. Digris (Lithuania). She has participated in numerous international music festivals. Besides her solo recitals, the artist gives performances in ensembles together with vocalists and instrumentalists. Also, she tours in Ukraine and abroad (Italy, Germany, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Baltic states, USA, Finland, Switzerland, and Great Britain).
Having an extraordinary artistic temperament and high professionalism, Iryna Kalynovska knows the ropes of diversified styles in organ music from different epochs. Her performance is remarkable for outstanding artistry, perfect mastery, and a deep insight into a composer's conception. Her repertoire includes monographic programs: "J.S. Bach", "C. Franck", and "O. Messiaen". Iryna's grand-scale project, a cycle of 17 concerts "Johann Sebastian Bach and His Family", became a notable event in the country's cultural life. The artist pays great attention to the promotion of Ukrainian composers' works. Her repertoire also entails works of L.Dychko, V.Huba, V.Nazarov, V.Poliova, V.Zubytskyi, V.Runchak, M.Shukh, Y. Lionk, S.Luniov, etc.
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16 rue du repos
Metro: Père-Lachaise, Philippe-Auguste or Gambetta
Guide to Art in Père-Lachaise
Guide to art in père-lachaise map
official guidemaps: ENGLISH | French | Spanish | Italian | famous Women | arts | gastronomy | literature | communards
Opened in 1804 on the site of a former Jesuit retreat, Père-Lachaise is today one of the world's most celebrated of cemeteries.
In fact, more than three million people visit Père-Lachaise each year. They come to walk its nearly 109 acres consisting of tens of thousands of monuments, many of which are dedicated to some of the world's greatest names in the arts, sciences, literature and of course history. Here's just a sample:
First woman aeronaut Sophie Blanchard, dancer Jane Avril, Composer Francois Poulenc, Heloise and Abelard, Impressionist painter Camille Pissaro, composer Luigi Cherubini, Frederic Chopin, Abraham Breguet (yes the watch guy), Rene Lalique (the glass guy), pianist Michel Petrucciani, founder of sociology Auguste Comte, Jean Francois Champollion, founder of homeopathy Samuel Hahnemann, Gustave Dore, American rocker Jim Morrison, photographer Gerda Taro, playwright Moliere, fabulist La Fontaine, Antoine Parmentier, actress Sarah Bernhardt, novelist Honore Balzac, writer Sophie Condorcet, philosopher Claude Saint-Simon, painter Eugene Delacroix, American ballerina Harriet Toby, politician Merleau-Ponty, dancer Cleo Merode, filmmaker Georges Melies, singer Edith Piaf, composer Georges Bizet, writer Marcel Proust, Apollinaire, dancer Isadora Duncan, violinist Stephane Grappelli, American writer Richard Wright, politician Auguste Blanqui, Americans Gertrude Stein and Alice Toklas, Amedeo Modigliani, writer Colette, Oscar Wilde, and so many, many more.
You will also discover some of the most powerful and poignant memorials to the tens of thousands of French Jews deported to Nazi death camps, virtually all of whom perished.
In addition to burials of the famous and near-famous you can also find some 2,000 lovely works of art in the cemetery.
The cemetery can be accessed via one of three metro stops.
You can take the no. 3 to “Gambetta,” which will allow you to walk downhill in the cemetery. Follow the exit for the cemetery, up the escalator and then up avenue du Pere-Lachaise to the entrance. As you enter you will see the crematorium-columbarium complex straight ahead and a guard shack on your right. If you turn right up about 100 meters or so is a WC.
You can get off the no. 2 or no. 3 at the "Père-Lachaise" stop and then enter the cemetery at the small entrance directly across from the entrance to the metro.
Finally, you can get off the no. 2 at the “Philippe Auguste” stop and walk up the short block up Boulevard Menilmontant to Père-Lachaise, which will be on your right.
The official cemetery guide map is not generally available at the guard shacks but can be picked up at the conservation office. Unofficial maps are available for sale at the florist shops and news kiosks directly outside of three main entrances: Porte des Amandiers across from the Metro Père-Lachaise, Porte Principale and Porte Gambetta.
Over the years, I've found the most thorough and exhaustive map is the Metropolitains Edition, which is often available from a vendor just outside the entrance across from the Père-Lachaise metro stop.
There are five entrances to the cemetery, three of them usually manned:
Porte Principale, boulevard Menilmontant (main)
Porte des Amandiers, Metro Père-Lachaise, boulevard Menilmontant (unmanned)
Porte du Repos, rue du Repos (varies)
Porte de la Reunion, rue de la Reunion (unmanned)
Porte Gambetta, rue des Rondeaux (manned)
The conservation office is just inside the main entrance off of boulevard de Menilmontant, where you can pick up a copy of the free cemetery guide map. There is also a manned guard shack at the entrance off of rue du Père-Lachaise and rue des Rondeaux, and there is usually a manned guard shack on rue du Repos. There is a crematorium and columbarium in division 87.
After you enter the cemetery at the main entrance directly behind the guard shack on the left and around the corner is a bank of rustic WCs. Beyond the main entrance is the conservation where you will find a WC located on the far side of the building, across from division 7. There are also WCs just inside the entrance off of rue des Rondeaux, the "Gambetta" stop.
Note that the facilities are frequently lacking in amenities so be prepared.
Images provided by Steve Soper. All rights reserved.
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A.J.S. Rayl • December 3, 2013
Mars Exploration Rovers Update: Opportunity Ascends Murray Ridge into Clay Mineral Grounds
Sols 3474 - 3502
NASA / JPL-Caltech / Maas Digital
Although winter took hold at Endeavour Crater in November, Opportunity pressed on, climbing up Murray Ridge and driving into a clay mineral hunting ground as the Mars Exploration Rovers mission cruised another month closer to celebrating its 10th Earth year of surface operations with myriad events throughout January 2014.
The ridge – which forms the backbone of the Solander Point section of Endeavour Crater's eroded rim – is named for Bruce C. Murray, who founded The Planetary Society with Carl Sagan and Louis Friedman in 1980. Murray, who passed away last August at the age of 81, was one of the first generation of explorers to robotically depart Earth for other planets, and one of the planetary science community's most brilliant minds.
The christening of the ridge was announced November 10th at a standing-room-only memorial for Murray, held at the California Institute of Technology's Athenaeum. After delivering a message from the NASA Administrator, James Green, Director of the Planetary Science Division at the Science Mission Directorate, made the announcement. He then gifted Murray's wife, Suzanne Moss Murray, and family with a framed copy of the panoramic image of Murray Ridge that Opportunity took just before it began its first ascent.
At an elevation about 40 meters (131.23 feet) above the surrounding plain, Murray Ridge is "the highest hill we've ever tried to climb with Opportunity," said Steve Squyres, MER principal investigator, of Cornell University. For those who knew Murray, there's a poignant nuance here, especially considering that the rovers weren't designed to hike hills.
Murray's most visible or famous role was as Director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from 1976 to 1982, basically from the end of the halcyon days of the Space Age – Viking, Voyager – through the troubled times that followed. "He led JPL during a time when the planetary exploration budget was under pressure and the future for planetary missions was not clear. His leadership brought us through that period with a strong exploration program," Squyres said. And JPL, of course, is where Spirit and Opportunity were designed, built and are being managed.
NASA / JPL-Caltech / Cornell / ASU
Murray Ridge
Opportunity captured this view of Murray Ridge, in early October, from a position at the base. The component images were taken over the span of five sols or Martian days, beginning on Sol 3446 (Oct. 3, 2013). The ridge, which forms the backbone of Solander Point, is named in tribute to Bruce C. Murray (1931 - 2013), a former director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and one of the founders of The Planetary Society. Orbital observations indicate the presence of clay minerals further up this hill, more evidence of ancient flowing water and possible past habitable conditions. For a higher resolution version, visit the Pancam instrument page.
For more than a decade before his appointment as JPL director however, Murray was pushing the planetary exploration envelope and blazing trails. A Caltech planetary geologist, he worked on the science teams of NASA's earliest missions to Mars in the 1960s and '70s and pioneered the fields of planetary imaging and comparative planetology. He inherently understood the value of images, considered by most physicists in the early days to be less science and more public relations gimmick. And Murray, who suffered fools badly, knew well how to stand his ground and he was right a more than he was wrong.
From the first fuzzy black and white photographs taken by Mariner 4 in 1965, Murray was able to work out the geologic history of Mars, and he added to his findings on future Mariner missions to the Red Planet. "He was a towering figure in Mars research," said Squyres. "His papers are still cited abundantly today."
When he retired from JPL in June 1982, Murray returned to teaching and research at Caltech, where he ushered dozens of students into the fields of planetary science and geology, and became more active again in The Planetary Society and its projects.
Through it all, the Admiral of the Solar System, as some people will always affectionately remember Murray, was inspired by Captain James Cook who some 245 years ago began to sail the seas of Earth to ground-truth and chart the lands less traveled or unknown. In a beautiful coincidence, the MER team, years ago, named its metaphorical "ship," Endeavour Crater – which is carrying the mission back in geologic time – after HMS Endeavour, the British Navy research vessel Cook helmed on his first voyage of discovery, setting sail in 1768.
With Spirit's and Opportunity's combined total of more than 465 gigabits of data returned to date – including more than 250,000 thousand images – scientists are for the first time able to ground-truth Martian environments, past and present, and compare them to environments on Earth.
Bruce C. Murray (1931-2013)
Bruce Murray, with Carl Sagan and Louis Friedman, founded The Planetary Society in 1980 to mobilize public support for planetary exploration. One of the first generation of "Space Age" explorers to embark robotically from Earth and explore the other planets in our Solar System, he was "a towering figure in Mars research," said MER Principal Investigator Steve Squyres. Murray's influence on planetary science, as well as on the Society, is immeasurable
Perhaps though the most meaningful tribute to Murray is that during the next four to five months, through its sixth Martian winter, Opportunity will write the next chapter in the book of MER on and around his namesake ridge. From orbital data, it already appears that chapter will be scientifically compelling. It may even reveal some of the mission's most important findings and / or may uncover some of the greatest Martian mysteries.
That Murray Ridge chapter effectively began once the veteran robot field geologist hit the slopes of the ridge and started hiking. In November, Opportunity's sites were set on an outcrop dubbed Moreton Island near the top of Murray Ridge. It's "one of the places" where the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), a visible-infrared spectrometer onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), "suggests the presence of clay minerals," said Ray Arvidson, deputy principal investigator, of Washington University St. Louis.
Arvidson, who is also a co-investigator on the CRISM team, managed to schedule an MRO pass over Murray Ridge a couple months back so that the infrared spectrometer could collect more data. Basically, this data enable Arvidson and the MER team to reduce the pixilated areas where CRISM detected clay mineral signatures from 18 meters to about 5 meters, so they can better zero in on the location of the clay minerals.
Moreton Island lit up that data. "It's the big glowing signature for clay minerals from CRISM in this area, but it's still weak," said Arvidson. Nevertheless, the signature was real and in late October, the MER team decided to direct Opportunity to Moreton Island.
But before Moreton Island, a dust patch, dubbed Yellow Bellied Glider, after the gliding tree possum of Australia, stopped the rover in its tracks. It was a rare pristine-looking dust sample, so the MER team decided to have Opportunity check it out. The rover pulled up to the dust patch on Halloween, and began the month of November looking it over and analyzing its chemical composition with its Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS).
"It's funny, as ubiquitous as dust is on Mars, it's actually surprisingly hard to find a target that is pure dust," Squyres pointed out. In fact, Yellow Bellied Glider is just the third dust sample Opportunity has studied in all of its nine years and 10 months of roving Mars, and the rover devoted most of the first week of November to conducting a thorough examination.
When all was done and assessed, Yellow Bellied Glider came out looking like average Martian dust, but it may be the best sample of dust this rover has ever seen, according to Squyres. "This is not Earth shattering science, but it is an important measurement to make," he said. "Every APXS measurement we've ever made on Mars has been contaminated to some degree with dust. Even when we brush [with the rock abrasion tool (RAT)], even when we RAT – there is dust everywhere on Mars. We can never get rid of it. Dust is always present. So, if we want to understand the APXS measurements we get on virtually everything we look at, then knowing the composition of that dust is an essential thing to have so we can subtract it out of the other data," he explained.
Opportunity spent the second week of November into the third leaving Yellow Bellied Glider and hiking to Moreton Island. "We were boogying the whole time, but boogying slowly. It's wintertime," said Squyres. "The dust [study] cost us a lot of time, because we drove into it from below, and there was so much sand and dust that we couldn't just power on through it up hill. So we had to back down and drive around, and we lost about three sols."
Yellow Bellied Glider
Yellow Bellied Glider is a dust target named after the gliding tree possum of Australia and Opportunity devoted most of the first week of November to checking it out. That's because "[a]s ubiquitous as dust is on Mars, it's actually surprisingly hard to find a target that is pure dust," MER PI Steve Squyres pointed out. In fact, this pristine looking patch is just the third dust target this rover has studied up close in all its years of roving Mars.
Moreton Island appears to have been worth the wait. Named after the third largest sand island in the world, located on the eastern side of Moreton Bay along the coast of southeast Queensland, Australia, Moreton Island on Mars is "a really interesting outcrop, with a whole lot more soft, really bright matrix exposed than anywhere else I've seen in terms of this areal extent," said Arvidson. The matrix, "the really fine stuff," he speculates, could be what is carrying the clay mineral signature.
But the outcrop also has "some very strong, erosionally resistant rock clasts that are embedded in the fine-grained, more erodible matrix," noted Squyres. "There's been a lot of wind erosion, and because of a prevailing wind direction. "The sand blasting that takes place as the wind blows sand across this outcrop has created a kind of grooved or striated appearance to this thing."
Opportunity's work on Moreton Island continued as November came to an end. It looks to be an outcrop of impact breccia, a type of rock fused together and formed from broken fragments of older rocks likely at the time of whatever hit the area and carved out Endeavour Crater. But it's also a little different than the impact breccias the MER team saw at Cape York.
After examining the Moreton matrix, the robot field geologist will check out one of the dark, embedded rock clasts up close, and then move on to other outcrops and locations where CRISM has detected clay minerals. "We'll be driving along the side of the ridge, because to a couple more outcrops of what we think is this matrix-rich breccia," said Arvidson.
The immediate plan at the end of November called for Opportunity to head south from Moreton Island, about 30 meters to another similar looking outcrop that lit the CRISM clay mineral data. From there, it will head further south and east for about 70 meters, just over the top of Murray Ridge, to a place that is temporarily being called the 'winter wonderland,' said Arvidson. "That's probably where we'll try to be in the January to February time frame, through the depths of winter," said Squyres.
Opportunity spent the second half of November examining bedrock dubbed Moreton Island up close. It's one of the areas along Murray Ridge where the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), a visible-infrared spectrometer aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) "suggests the presence of clay minerals," said MER Deputy Principal Investigator Ray Arvidson, also a co-investigator on the CRISM team.
Although the Martian winter in the planet's southern hemisphere has noticeably set in, Opportunity has barely seemed to notice. "This is sounding a like a broken record, but the rover is doing well and there are no new issues," reported John Callas, the MER project manager at JPL.
The solar-powered rover has been successfully driving from one northerly slope to another, what the team calls "lily pads," so it can angle its solar arrays to the Sun in the northern sky and take in as much sunlight fuel as possible. So far, so good.
"We're hopping from lily pad to lily pad and doing fine," said Squyres. At Moreton Island, "Opportunity is positioned at 18 to 19 degrees northward tilt," he said, "and we have our next few lily pads identified."
Spirit effectively used the lily pad strategy as it was hiking Husband Hill. Now that Opportunity is employing the strategy and climbing Murray Ridge, "this winter for Opportunity will probably be like Spirit's first winter at Husband Hill," Ashley Stroupe, MER rover planner, of JPL, said during a recent interview. That means, barring any unforeseen untoward event, the rover will continue to rove, if only to the next lily pad, and work throughout the harsh season.
Moreover, MER team's latest power projections seem to endorse that. "Our numbers were pretty much on model," confirmed Bill Nelson, chief of MER engineering, at JPL. "That means we should be able to do an active campaign throughout winter, which probably includes a little mobility in addition to everything else."
Even though this is Opportunity's sixth Martian winter, it may be the most productive and rewarding winter it's ever had. "The 'winter wonderland' is pretty areally extensive and has a lot of north-facing slopes that will allow us to do some good winter campaign observations and still move if we want," said Arvidson.
By the time Opportunity pulls into its 'winter wonderland,' the MER mission's 10th anniversary of surface operations will be just around the corner. Celebrations, physical and virtual, are being planned throughout the month of January 2014. The Planetary Society is creating special MER 10 virtual features for its website that will, as of now, include an opportunity for people to send their spirited thoughts to the MER team, exclusive video interviews with team members, and trivia quizzes. The Society is also encouraging its members to hold events in cities across the country and around the world.
Meanwhile, the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum is scheduled to open its MER exhibit January 3, 2014, 10 years after Spirit wowed the world with its bounce down onto Mars. And NASA Headquarters will be acknowledging the mission, the MER Update hears, with an event around the same time, perhaps in coordination with the museum. And, another celebration will be held at JPL in mid-January.
As big of a deal as 10 years roving the surface of Mars is, if you ask the members of the MER team for their thoughts on the 10th anniversary, they stop, or hesitate, searching for words. Some chuckle, seemingly to buy time, but still come up with nothing.
'Amazing,' 'incredible,' 'extraordinary,' 'remarkable,' 'unbelievable' – all those descriptors have been used ad nauseam to describe the MER mission and the rovers throughout the years. It was initially funded as a three-month expedition after all.
What is clear is that the MER team is focused not on the past, but the future. "Yes, we've had a decade of phenomenal exploration, and we still have this very capable vehicle – that's the thing," said Callas. "It's not that Opportunity has lasted so long. It's that there's still stuff to do that we can do. This mission is not over by any stretch of the imagination."
The beauty of Murray Ridge is that there's so much stuff for Opportunity to see and do right there, and plenty of northern slopes where the solar-powered rover can rest and recharge. The 'winter wonderland' area – from the looks of the CRISM data and HiRISE images – appears to be "flat, light-toned rock," Squyres said, similar to the rock outcrop the MER team found on Matijevic Hill earlier this year. "Whether it is, we have no way of knowing until we get there, but there's a good lily pad there and that's good from a power perspective."
What they do know is that Murray Ridge boasts the most extensive stack of rocks and layers that Opportunity has encountered, much of which dates to the Noachian Period some 3 to 4 billion years ago when Mars was warmer and wetter. It almost has to be harboring scientific riches and Martian mysteries as yet unknown, and the team is getting energized, all over again.
"We're really excited about getting to the apparently clay-rich materials that lie out ahead of us," Squyres said. "We're all thinking, 'Whitewater Lake, newberries – ooh, ooh – we get to do that again.' But what we're actually going to see is anybody's guess."
NASA / JPL-Caltech / Cornell / ASU / L. Crumpler
Opportunity's ascent up Murray Ridge
"This graphic that Larry Crumpler put together is awesome," said Steve Squyres, MER PI. "It's a Pancam shot that was back when Opportunity was crossing Botany Bay looking toward Solander Point / Murray Ridge, and Larry plotted our route up hill. It shows how much climbing we've done and it's pretty dang impressive." Opportunity took this image with its Pancam on Sol 3365 on approach to Solander Point and Crumpler plotted the rover's path up Murray Ridge, in yellow. Crumpler is the Research Curator of Volcanology and Space Sciences at the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, and associate professor at the University of New Mexico. He writes an "expert blog" that is also published at The Planetary Society's website. See: http://www.planetary.org/connect/our-experts/profiles/larry-crumpler.html
Opportunity from Meridiani Planum
Opportunity spent Halloween, its Sol 3473 (October 31, 2013), Mars style, driving 8-meters (26 feet) up to a knock-out dust target in the small ripple field, that was soon being called Yellow-Bellied Glider, keeping with the MER Team's current things-from- Australia naming theme. "We saw it, stopped, and said: 'Whoa, we've got a good dust deposit here, let's take a measurement.' Because it's pretty rare," said Arvidson.
When November dawned at Endeavour, the robot field geologist was positioned over Yellow-Bellied Glider and ready to check it out up close. It appears similar to the two other dust deposits this rover has investigated. The first was Les Houches, named after a ski resort in France, which the rover checked out way back on its Sol 60, when it was still at its landing crater Eagle. And the second, North Pole, wasn't found and chosen for inspection until May 2012, when Opportunity was on the northern side of Cape York by Greeley Haven. "But those both had a little bit of other stuff in them," said Squyres.
Opportunity route map
This route map, produced by Eduardo Tesheiner, of Unmanned Space Flight.com (UMSF.com), shows Opportunity's recent travels. It tracks the rover's route around Solander Point, into its winter site on the western side of this section of Endeavour Crater's eroded rim, and up and south along Murray Ridge. Tesheiner creates his route maps, which are regularly featured in the MER Update, from images taken by the HiRISE camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and then charts the rover's drives, in yellow, and labels the main waypoints and stops along the way (in red).
NASA / JPL / UA / E. Tesheiner
On Sol 3475 (November 2, 2013), the rover used her instrument deployment device (IDD) or robotic arm and took pictures with its Microscopic Imager (MI) to create a larger mosaic of the dust target, and then placed the APXS on the same for a multi-sol integration or analysis. "It really, really came out well," said Squyres.
Opportunity also "pressed" the contact plate of the Mössbauer spectrometer down on Yellow Bellied Glider and it made a telling imprint. "We took MI images of it after the measurement and you could see the screws the Germans had put into place in bas relief. So it was very fine-grained stuff, said Squyres.
There were a couple of indicators Yellow Bellied Glider was the best, most pure dust sample of the three, said Squyres, and it's fine-grained appearance was one of them. "In the MI images, it looks like Talcum powder, incredibly fine-grained, and beautiful, with nothing there but dust. The other indicator is when we look at the APXS measurement it was higher in both sulfur and chlorine than any other attempt we ever made to make a dust measurement, and we know that sulfur and chlorine tend to be concentrated in the dust. So after nearly 10 years, we finally got a really good, clean dust composition measurement," he said.
At the same time, there is nothing particularly important scientifically about Yellow Bellied Glider. "It looks like average Mars, but getting it down to the third decimal place, figuratively speaking, is really important because we need that information to correct all the other APXS measurements," said Squyres. "Because dust is everywhere."
Opportunity wrapped up her inspection of Yellow Bellied Glider on Sol 3477 (November 4, 2013) and took off for Moreton Island the following sol. Getting around the dust ripples around Yellow Bellied Glider took some time. Basically, the rover maneuvered along Murray Ridge, making a dogleg maneuver to avoid driving through the dusty ripple field. At the end of the sol, 3478, the rover had put another 17 meters (56 feet)
on its odometer. "We wanted to leave Yellow Bellied Glider carefully, because it was a dust and sand heavy area," said Squyres.
If Opportunity had tried to power straight up hill and through it, there could have been trouble. Although its six weeks in Purgatory Dune, [in truth a ripple, not a dune despite the name], was back in April-May 2005, the memory looms large and still strikes fear into the heart of rover ops folk. In addition to that they noticed "some pretty high wheel slippage" in the rover's final approach to Yellow Bellied Glider. "So, rather than blast on through it, we decided to go around and it cost us a few sols," said Squyres. But erring on the side of caution has been this team's modus operandi, especially since that nasty encounter with Purgatory.
Overview of Endeavour Crater
This image, taken by the University of Arizona's HiRISE camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, shows the sites where Opportunity has been and is going. It was colorized and labeled by MER poet Stuart Atkinson, of UnmannedSpaceFlight.com, a frequent image contributor to the MER Update. Atkinson has been following Opportunity's path to Endeavour in his blog called The Road to Endeavour, which you can visit here: http://roadtoendeavour.wordpress.com/
NASA / JPL-Caltech / UA / S. Atkinson
From the oversampled along track data that Arvidson had acquired from CRISM and then processed for the rover's current hunt for clay minerals, Moreton Island looked to be the best clay mineral spot in the immediate area. Commanding Opportunity to drive there was a no-brainer.
It took a while. The rover devoted the last of the first week, the entire second week, and several days into the third week of November hiking to Moreton Island. "Recognize we're making fairly slow progress these days, because it's winter and the power is so low," said Squyres.
By mid-November, Opportunity was really beginning to feel the winter. On her Sol 3489 (November 16, 2013), the scheduled drive had to be shortened considerably because of the constraint of the expected state of charge of the rover battery. So, as it turned out, the rover only turned to face Moreton Island and bump 10 centimeters (4 inches). But she did take some pictures of Moreton Island with her Panoramic Camera (Pancam) and Navigation Camera (Navcam).
From that distance, it looked something like Chester Lake, a rock Opportunity found and inspected back at Cape York. But, it was different too. In particular Moreton Island seemed to have large, dark rock clasts embedded in it.
On Sol 3492 (November 19, 2013), the rover bumped forward, logging just about 3.5 meters (11.48 feet) to approach the outcrop and then settled in for an in-depth study with the four science instruments that are still working and her camera. The rover's mineral detectors – the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) and the Mössbauer Spectrometer – are no longer functioning.
As the third week of the month turned to the fourth, Opportunity took more close-up pictures with her MI, and then took APXS measurements to glean the chemical composition of a spot on Morton Island's light-toned matrix. "From a distance it looked like it might be finely layered, but when we got up close we realized it's not layering at all," said Squyres. "What we're seeing are the consequences of wind erosion of very heterogeneous rock."
Yellow Bellied Glider up close
In examining Yellow Bellied Glider, Opportunity pressed the contact plate of the Mössbauer spectrometer, built and managed from Germany, down on the target. It made a telling imprint. "You could see the screws the Germans had put into place in bas relief in the MI" [picture taken with the microscopic imager], said Squyres. "So you can see it's very fine-grained stuff."
NASA / JPL-Caltech
From the data they've been able to look at so far, Moreton Island does look similar to Cape York's flat bedrock breccia, known as Chester Lake. "We ground into it with the RAT and found it featured very fine-grained matrix, and we thought it was the glassy part of what was emplaced," said Arvidson. "I think the outcrop we're on, Moreton Island, is similar, but it's huge. It's big enough so you can actually pick it out of the few pixels of CRISM data. We drove there because we thought it would be unique because of the spectral signature – and lo and behold – geologically, it's a really large exposure of matrix with a few, large dark clasts we've never seen before to this areal extent."
While the first APXS results had just arrived as team members were preparing for the four-day Thanksgiving holiday, Squyres wasn't ready to talk about Moreton Island's chemical composition. "I will say this is definitely breccia, a wind eroded impact ejecta," he said.
Through coordinated orbital and surface observations, Opportunity is already sending home little Martian surprises from Murray Ridge – and winter in the Mars' southern hemisphere has only just begun. The best news is that the rover was able to produce about one-third its power production capability, around 300 watt-hours of power, throughout the month.
The sky remains dusty, and the Tau fluctuated from 0.536 to 0.668 and back to .603. The rover's solar array dust factor also fluctuated from 0.491 at the beginning of November to 0.498
around mid-month and
and .500 at month's end. "The dust factor does fluctuate and bounced around a little bit this past month," said Callas. "It's affected by Tau and they have to do calibration periodically so it's not unusual."
For now, Opportunity is remarkably healthy for an old girl, and seems every bit as willing and able to rove on as she always has. "We're not in the lowest part of winter yet, but we're getting darn close and we're doing well," said Squyres.
When the calendar turns to December, Opportunity and her team will be ready to rove again. "We've been at Moreton Island for a while," said Squyres. "We've been working it over and we've already got good MI coverage and good APXS. We planned more MI and more APXS [over the Thanksgiving weekend] and, unless we find some surprises, I think we'll be ready to leave pretty soon."
Large clasts of Moreton Island
The Pancam team produces false color images to better show the different materials and rocks in the pictures and the distinctive large, dark rock clasts embedded in the Moreton Island outcrop really pop in this one. Moreton Island is where CRISM indicated there were clay minerals, but it is yet to be determined if that evidence will be found in the lighter matrix or in the dark rock clasts.
Soon could come in the first part of the first week of December. The plan is to "button up and drive to another CRISM / clay mineral outcrop to the south, which we believe is like Moreton Island, and check it out," said Arvidson. "Then over the next couple of weeks, we'll continue south and then turn left, or inboard, to what we're temporarily calling the 'winter wonderland," which is a big exposure of very bright outcrop."
Opportunity can see this 'winter wonderland' off in the distance now. "We can see it over the top of [Moreton Island] to the southeast about 100 meters away," said Arvidson. But it's too far to see tell with any certainty if it's more of the Matijevic Formation or more of this very fine-grained, easily-weathered, matrix material that is part of the breccia of Moreton Island.
The drive to it will take Opportunity just over the top of the Murray Ridge and onto the crater side. "But there are still a lot of good north-facing slopes there," said Arvidson.
As of now, the rover is slated to spend the worst of winter there in the 'winter wonderland,' searching for more clay minerals and whatever else may be around for the finding. "This is going to be a much more productive winter than last winter was," said Squyres. "Greeley Haven was a single lily pad surrounded by a whole lot of flat – and there was just no place to go. We went there for good reasons, but we wound up sort of trapped there for winter. And this year, at Murray Ridge, there are so many lily pads and so much to work with, we think we're going to be pretty productive," he said.
"If you look at our maps these days, the next area we're going to try and get to, this light-toned stuff [at the 'winter wonderland'], says, 'Matijevic Formation' with a big question mark," said Squyres. "What it's really going to be when we get there – I don't know. We've got the CRISM stuff guiding us and we'll get there and see what we see."
Please visit The Bruce Murray Space Image Library: http://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/
Read more: Opportunity, mission status, Mars Exploration Rovers, Mars
Home > Explore > Space Topics > Space Missions > MER Updates > 2013
A.J.S. Rayl
Contributing Editor for The Planetary Society
Read more articles by A.J.S. Rayl
Bob Ware: 2013/12/06 08:26 CST
Thanks for another wonderful update!
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Showing posts with the label Kim Jong-un
By Unknown May 03, 2018
Nuclear weapons are primarily defensive in nature and represent the ultimate insurance against foreign invasion. This must be the backdrop for the future of Trump-Kim meeting for which the expectations seem to have been hastily heightened and not the much-exaggerated “historic” meeting between the leaders of the two Koreas. No less “historic” meetings were already held twice before––in 2000 and 2007––and the 1992 Joint Declaration for the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula literally stated that “The South and the North shall not test, manufacture, produce, receive, possess, store, deploy or use nuclear weapons.”
We are at the very beginning, not at the end, of a long road that may lead to nuclear-free peace with North Korea, but quite realistically may not. Even worse, with the exaggerated expectations now, the Trump Administration has actually increased the risk of a large-scale conflict.
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2016 was the year of the most missile tests conducted ever by North Korea, a total of 24. Since the beginning of 2017, the regime in Pyongyang had ratcheted up the tests, currently at 17, with the promise to reach a new all-time high, and surpass the last year’s record. The last test, conducted symbolically on the 4th of July, marked a new milestone by introducing an intercontinental capability to the Pyongyang’s ballistic missiles (ICBMs) with a range that could reach Alaska and potentially Seattle. It is now believed that North Korea will soon be able to develop and mount miniaturized nuclear warheads to its ICBMs and become an even greater threat to its neighbors, and the United States. The urgency of the current developments, fast outpacing the expected timetable for acquiring such capabilities, has raised the stakes at Washington, Seoul, Tokyo, Moscow, and Beijing, prompting for fast new policies targeting the military belligerence of the rogue state. What are the main policy op…
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Doctors Without Borders Pays Tribute to the People Fighting HIV/AIDS in Africa and Launches “Positive Generation: Voices for an AIDS-Free Future”
Music project featuring Alejandro Sanz, Paula Fernandes, Karina Pasian, Estelle, Oliver TUKU Mtukudzi, ten Zimbabwean choirs, and many others.
© MSF
AIDS currently claims ten times more lives than war.
Harare and Madrid (PRWEB) December 01, 2011
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) today launched a music project, “Positive Generation: Voices for an AIDS-free Future,” based on songs created by HIV support groups in Zimbabwe and recorded with Zimbabwean and international artists, including Alejandro Sanz, Paula Fernandes, Estelle, Oliver TUKU Mtukudzi, ten Zimbabwean choirs, and many others. The music aims to raise awareness about the reality of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa by highlighting how people on treatment can still live a ‘positive’ life. The project also highlights the importance of programs that prevent mother-to-child transmission of the virus, and warns of the consequences that current global funding shortfalls for HIV/AIDS programs would have on the lives of thousands of patients.
MSF is using music to raise awareness about the virus in Zimbabwe, to educate patients and their families that they are not alone, to inform them that treatment can stabilize the illness, and to end stigmatization of HIV/AIDS patients. Support group choirs, largely made up of Zimbabweans living with or affected by the virus, offer an open, positive approach to HIV/AIDS education. Their testimonies and songs raise awareness about how to prevent the spread of the disease and encourage people to seek HIV diagnosis and treatment.
“With this project, we want to pay tribute to a generation of people who are living ‘positively’ with HIV. Their testimonies transmit positive messages and help fight stigmatization. With MSF’s operational experience in HIV care since 2000, and the latest progress in HIV science, we know that an AIDS-free generation is possible if effective programs are implemented on the ground. We need to keep fighting to reach this goal,” said Mari Carmen Viñoles, head of MSF’s mission in Zimbabwe.
Through “Positive Generation,” MSF aims to bring attention to the recent progress made in the fight against HIV/AIDS, and to warn of the threats that could stop or even reverse progress. Recent research has shown that early treatment not only saves lives, but also has a significant impact on reducing HIV transmission and preventing new infections.
Zimbabwe, the country with the third highest HIV burden in Southern Africa, where 14 percent of adults (about one million people) and 150,000 children are currently living with HIV, has taken ambitious steps to improve HIV/AIDS services. Zimbabwe has seen positive results: currently 63 percent of those in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are receiving treatment, up from only 5 percent in 2006, and expanded ART coverage has reduced annual AIDS deaths by 42 percent since 2006.
This progress, which could mean a future free from HIV, is threatened by a lack of funding and program closures. Zimbabwe, like many other high prevalence countries, will require additional funding in the coming years, yet AIDS funding is currently being cut back globally, as confirmed by the decision by the board of the Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria to cancel Round 11 funding.
“We are facing a serious situation. We are seeing some of the most promising developments in more than a decade of treating patients living with HIV/AIDS, with the potential to turn this epidemic around. Yet these promises will come to nothing if there is not enough funding; we are even running a serious risk of losing ground in the fight against HIV/AIDS,” said Paula Farias, project coordinator of Positive Generation.
Without donors making every effort to fulfill their pledges and step up to meet the real needs on the ground, countries with high HIV prevalence will inevitably face disruptions to their programs. Consequently, gains made through previous investments will be lost and real opportunities for programs to demonstrate high impact will be missed.
More funding is also crucial to ensure that attention is paid to pediatric HIV care through targeted strategies and adapted treatment, and to implement prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs. These are key strategies to achieving an AIDS-free generation in countries with a high HIV prevalence such as Zimbabwe.
The project “Positive Generation: Voices for an HIV free future,” which includes a CD/book, a documentary, and a website, was launched internationally on December 1, 2011. The project is an MSF and Casa Limón production, managed and produced by the Spanish artists Alejandro Sanz, Antonio Carmona and Javier Limón, with voluntary contributions from musicians, composers and performers from around the world, such as the Zimbabwean Oliver TUKU Mtukudzi and Chiwoniso Maraire, Juan Luis Guerra (Santo Domingo), Carlos Vives (Colombia), Paula Fernandes (Brasil), Estelle (UK), Ali Amr (Morocco), David Broza (Israel), Karina Pasian (USA), Tino di Geraldo (France), Estrella Morente (Spain), Carminho & Diogo Clemente (Portugal), Andrés Calamaro (Argentina), Iván “Melón” Lewis (Cuba), Miguel Campillo elbicho (Spain) and Ariadna Castellanos (Spain).
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international independent medical humanitarian organization that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, natural and man-made disasters, and exclusion from health care in more than 60 countries and was the recipient of the 1999 Nobel Peace Prize.
Sandra Murillo
"It's All We Need" featuring Estelle
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The late afternoon light somehow made its way through the small, grimy window in Boris Chetkov's studio. Chetkov was twirling his finger through his long, grayish white beard as he described the explosion of colors on the canvas in front of us. "It's the ascent of the Gods to the top of Olympus" he said, as if it were obvious to anyone. We set the next canvas on the paint-encrusted easel as he commented, "this one is called Flying Shadows." To better comprehend, I set down my cup of tea and stepped back away from the work as far as I could-which was only a few feet in this cluttered studio.
As we continued through a succession of works, I realized that I was sitting with an artist who was completely immersed in his imaginary world - a world where visions and fantasies flowed effortlessly in an unending stream of visual drama. I had entered a realm where beautiful, bold colors were applied with great emotion to the canvas. In harmonious tones the colors were talking to each other, working out their conflicts, their passions, their desires. Hundreds of paintings were stacked all around me and no two were alike. I had never seen anything like it. It was abundantly clear that Chetkov had no boundaries. He would go wherever his mood would take him-landscapes, still life, portraits, abstract compositions-all different, but all notably from the same masterful hand.
Kenneth Pushkin
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Together Retro Game Club: Bubble Bobble
presented by Ivo.
New To Together Retro? Check out the introduction to the club
What made it special
Extremely solid gameplay that is great fun, easy to learn, hard to master – all that combined with co-op gameplay and high production values (cute graphics and catchy music that arguably hold up quite well after more than 20 years).
The basic gameplay is shooting non-lethal bubbles that trap the enemies, which can then be bursted to eliminate them. You can also bounce on the bubbles which is required to access parts of some of the stage. By itself and with solid level design that would be enough for Bubble Bobble to be a great game.
But Taito didn’t stop there and added many subtleties that add depth and huge variety. It has tons of power-ups, secrets, and scoring items. As some examples, the game prominently features items that let you kill enemies in different ways other than trapping them in the bubbles first – water trapped in bubbles and small thunder-bolts trapped in bubbles even have many stages being designed around those alternate methods and liberally provide the player with the special bubbles. The game also has more than one “clear all enemies” item with different effects (a bomb, flood the screen in water, huge thunderbolts).
There are (open) umbrellas that skip a number of stages; if one of the players collects the letters to spell Extend that player gets an extra life but also you instantly skip to the next stage; there are also potions that instantly remove the enemies and fill the screen with bonus items (such as musical notes) to be collected under a time limit before skipping to the next stage – collect all the bonus items for a large bonus (a nice detail that encourages co-operation is that both players can get the maximum bonus by each collecting exactly half of the bonus items).
The game is also one early example of multiple endings, and requires both players to get the better endings.
The game stands as a true classic and has a noteworthy legacy of sequels, spin-offs and remakes (for the remakes see the Versions sections). Rainbow Island was the first official, even though the gameplay got changed quite a bit so it may be best to consider it a spin-off: you control the same characters but now in human form, in most stages you have to climb in vertically scrolling levels by means of your rainbow-producing stars. It also has a lot of depth and generated its own sequels, in particular Parasol Stars (which once agains changes the gameplay and reverted closer to the original).
Puzzle Bobble (Bust-a-move) is widely known classic in itself, despite the completely different gameplay. It uses characters from the original and contributed greatly to popularizing the cute dragon protagonists of the original game.
Perhaps lesser known are the “true” sequels in a gameplay sense:
Bubble Symphony (also known as Bubble Bobble II) lets you choose from 4 dragons with different characteristics.
Bubble Memories (which may actually be a prequel in terms of story) has large bosses and lets you power up to shoot a huge bobble.
These two games are very faithful to the gameplay of the original, even though with different tweaks, so fans of the original that haven’t tried them should look into these. Sadly they weren’t ported to many home systems (Symphony was ported to the Sega Saturn in Japan).
Beyond the official games, the game “inspired” inumerous unofficial clones (including even an unofficial “port” to Texas Instruments graphing calculators). As an example, Bubble Bobble was clearly the direct inspiration for Super Methane Bros. (originally for the Amiga, ported to PCs and available at sourceforge) – although there are some interesting gameplay differences.
Not really important, but two girls are kidnapped and two boys want to rescue them. This could be the same plot used in Double Dragon, except that with two girls the brothers won’t fight in the end and the dragons involved here are the boys – they have been transformed into actual dragons – relatively harmless bubble-blowing dragons though (but they can shoot fireballs with power-ups). So the quest is to save the girls in distress and get transformed from cute bubble-blowing dragons back into boys. For that, the heroes have to go into the Cave of Monsters…
The game was ported to a large number of systems back in the day, and continues to be made available in different systems. This list we present here is not exhaustive, those interested can check the following video on youtube (and its continuation) showing the various versions:
Some notable versions include:
NES (a good port, and one that introduced many to the game) and Master System (a very good port for the time, and this version has some entirely new stages).
The home computer ports for 8-bit systems were a bit gimped.
The (16-bit) Amiga had a very decent port and of particular note has great music (the intro music is different from the original and worth listening to).
An early DOS port (by Novalogic) brought the game to PCs, and there is a different port (by Acclaim, who also ported the game to the Saturn and PS1). Both the Novalogic and Acclaim have notable gameplay differences compared to the original. The Acclaim port is called Bubble Bobble featuring Rainbow Islands, it has slightly enhanced graphics compared to the arcade and in terms of gameplay it is nearly arcade perfect (the differences are subtle). As the name indicates, the Acclaim game includes Rainbow Islands (and a graphics remake of Rainbow Islands as well). It is a good version.
The Acclaim game is a good option, but other than nostalgia or for some curiosities (like extra stages or different music) I believe there is little reason to choose one of the other versions mentioned above today. Instead you can try for one of the more arcade accurate versions, like in the Taito Legends compilation (PC, PS2, XBox).
Different versions and remakes:
Gameboy: I would not consider the gameboy games ports (there is the original and a sequel) – there is no co-op, the stages are different and don’t fit entirely in the screen (scrolling) and they have a different plot. The gameplay is similar and it holds up well, so it is an interesting diversion for those that are really devoted to the series.
Game Gear: Much more faithful to the original, but the stages are squashed to fit the screen (they are inspired directly by the arcade counterparts however).
GBA (Bubble Bobble Old and New) and DS (Bubble Bobble Revolution): these have new versions of the classic with variable quality (the GBA is a remake with new graphics and sound, although I prefer the original graphics and find the sound worse than the original; the DS is a different game with very poor gameplay; in the original release there was even a game-breaking bug). They both have the original game, in GBA you can have an AI-controlled player 2 (not very competent) and in the DS version you can link with another DS to play co-op. The bottom line is that these are worthwhile versions if you want to play Bubble Bobble on an handheld.
Mega Drive: the game is called Super Bubble Bobble and it is a different game with different stages and enemies.
WiiWare (Bubble Bobble Plus) / Xbox Live Arcade (Bubble Bobble Neo) has the possibility for 4-player co-op and some extra stages. Fans would do well to check this one out (if they haven’t already), it is possibly the definite version today, and it had good critical reception.
This game is full of secrets! Join us in the forum to discuss your other findings and strategies.
February 1st, 2013 at 3:17pm by racketboy
February 1st, 2013 at 3:18pm
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Usefull Phones
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Astypalaia has travelled through time with the same name. Small, trivial changes have portrayed her as "Astoopalia", "Astropalia", and "Stipalia".
According to Greek mythology, Astypalaia and Europe were the daughters of Finikos and Perimidis. From the union of Astypalaia and Poseidon, god of the water, the Argonaut, Agaeos was born and so was first settled by the Kares who named her "Pyra" for the red colour of her soil. Because of her many fragrant flowers and her fruit, the Ancient Greek called her "the Gods Bank".
Astypalaia has gone through the Occupation of Crete, the Minoan Era and later on became Greek because of settlers who came from Megara.
During the ancient years, the island must have shown a significant climax as can be witnessed by the various findings, mainly coins which were found during excavations and from the frequent references in texts of ancient writers. The findings are on display at the Archaeological Museum which is open to the public at Pera Yalos and where the visitor can begin to understand the life of Astypalaia.
During the Hellenistic Era, it was a port (a station of Ptolemy of Egypt) and during the Roman Period, it showed a great development owed to its abundant, natural ports which resulted in starting points against the pirates. During the Byzantine Ages, the escalation of piratism brought about changes to the architectural structure and location of the houses of the island, such as the decline of the coastal
dwellings and the movement of the population within the constructed walls of the castle for protection. This era marks the construction of the Castle of Agios Ioannis, situated on the southwestern coast of Astypalaia, whose remains can be found up to today.
The Romans, who appreciated each countrys food most of all, called Astypalaia "fish-bearing" because of the great amount and high quality of fish the island has.
However, the period with the most significant mark, the Castle, which has survived up to our days, is that of the Venetian Conquest after the destruction of the Byzantine Empire by the Franks in 1204, and after the creation of Doukatos of Naxos, Markos Sanouthos, the Venetian founder, conceded Astypalaia to the nobleman, John Querini, also of Venetian descent. He was the founder and its first owner of the lodging which consisted of the center of todays settlement. The Venetian stayed in Astypalaia from 1207 to 1269 during the time which the Byzantine ruled. However, in 1310, John Querini the second, governor of Tinos and Mykonos and the descendant of John Querini the first, conquered Astypalaia again with the help of Markos Grimanis. The Querini family remained the rulers of the island for about 300 years.
Each in his rules, renovated and added to the Castle. Stone plaques with the family emblem of the Venetian nobility who built and dwelt in the Castle.
They are built into various points of the walls and stand memory to their splendor of long ago. One of these plaques has survived up to our days and is built in a part of the Castle where it can be admired by the visitor.
It was placed there in March 1413, the day which was dedicated to their patron Saint Querini, John Querini the fourth, "Count of Astypalaia" and his wife Isabetta. The Venetians lost Astypalaia in 1537 when Barbarosa the terrible, took over the islands.
During Turkish rule, Astypalaia had reserved privileges and so she remained self-governed. Astypalaia took part in the Greek Revolution of 1821, but, like the rest Dodecanese, she was not included in the provisions of the free Greek Nation. She remained under Turkish Rule until 1912 when the Italian rule followed.
Along with the Dodecanesian islands, she was finally united to the rest of Greece on the 7th of March 1948.
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© 2019 Astycar, Rent A Car Astypalaia. Developed and hosted by ITSolution.gr
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Ranger Day Aftermath
Regis Highlander April 17, 2019
Art Source // AC Crvarrubias
Tags AC Covarrubias
From Love to Thanatophobia
By: AC Covarrubias
Eventually, you will die, I will die, your loved ones will die, and everyone you know or don’t know will die. Different cultures have different views on the portrayal of death, but the most popular opinion is that man fears death. This fear of death molded the Blue Oysters Cult hit single Don’t Fear the Reaper.
Don’t Fear the Reaper is a song by the American rock band Blue Oyster Cult In there 1976 album Agents of Fortune. The song itself was written by lead guitarist Donald “Buck Dharma” Roeser. The song, theme-wise, was about the inevitability of one's own death and how it is foolish to be afraid of it. With that in mind, many have viewed this as the song encouraging suicide with the first set of lyrics stating that “ All our times have come. Here but now they're gone”, this, however, this was never the case.
According to Roeser, the song was actually a love song set within a horror genre type of music. As mentioned before the song is about how one should not fear the end of one's mortality, but also how love can transcend the physical world into the next world. How loved ones can come together in death. The song hints to these themes with motifs such as mentioning saint valentine, saint of courtly love, and Romeo and Juliet. With lyrics that say “Valentine is done Here but now they're gone Romeo and Juliet Are together in eternity…” The song, in summary, is that if ones love is strong enough the fear of death is meaningless.
However many people did not get the meaning. The song meaning was viewed differently by the public. As mentioned before, death is something we fear. You can make the most comforting song on the planet, but if mention the grim reaper, the song will be seen completely differently. With lyrics such as “40,000 men and women everyday... Like Romeo and Juliet 40,000 men and women everyday... Redefine happiness Another 40,000 coming everyday... We can be like they are”. Blue Oyster Cult was aware of this scenario while Roeser was writing the song, and there was nothing they could do about it.
Death is just a part of life. Like the wind, the sun, or the rain. It will come for all no matter the circumstances. However if you love someone and he or she has died or is dead remember, we are all destined to die. So eventually you’ll be reunited in eternity. Do not deny it, I know I can't.
Tags AC Covarrubias, Song Review
Rock Still Lives
Regis Highlander February 8, 2019
By: AC Covarrubias, Staff Writer
Music is an art form that has been around since the dawn of humanity and as we evolve, so makes the music we have created. Rock is one genre that nowadays seems to be an endangered genre. There are bands such as imagine dragons who by themselves are a fantastic rock band, but they are not as influential as bands such as Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin, The Rolling Stones, and AC/DC. These bands are not the kings, but the gods that molded rock as we know today. Rock is being different in its purest form. It is all about gambling on your music, which is something most music records nowadays tend to avoid. Songs such as Black Sabbath (which is a song made by Black Sabbath in their first album, Black Sabbath in 1971), Stairway to Heaven, (I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction, and Back in Black. Before the early 2000s music was evolving in new and unique ways, one could never have imagined. Black Sabbath gave birth to heavy metal, Led Zeppelin created what is considered the greatest rock song of all time, The Rolling Stones were the ones to invent arena rock, and AC/DC established the noisy good-time rock ‘n’ roll we know and love.
So what? What relevance does it have in a world that is more in tune with rappers, pop stars, and EDM producers? The answer is reliability. Rock can be made in any form and still be loved, but again, retain its genre. Songs such as The Immigrant Song makes you feel that you are a Viking. Jumpin’ Jack Flash can make you feel upbeat and happy. Black Sabbath (the song) can make you feel a sense of dread and fear of mortality. Back in Black makes you feel like a badass, ready to defeat whatever comes at you. The bands who made these songs wrote them from their experiences, lessons, and imagination, not from corporate sellouts as common of as today. Not to say that all music artists of today are sellouts, or to say that all of these rock bands wrote all of their songs, they just made enough to get the world’s attention. It is what makes rock an art form, and poetry. Whether it is hard rock, metal, blues rock, or classic rock, one thing's for sure, music, in general, can bring people together.
Tags Rock, ACDC, Rock Music, Led Zeppelin, Rock Bands, Music, AC Covarrubias
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Shane McConkey Dies in BASE jumping Accident
Various net sources are reporting that Shane McConkey has died in Italy in a basejumping accident. The Tahoe Daily Tribune has one of the more detailed reports available at present. McConkey was nothing less than an artist when it came to skiing and big air. He was a pioneer in the high-stakes game of combining skiing and parachuting, and has been featured in numerous ski films, including Steep. There is no question the man pushed the envelope of risk, but his skiing was inspirational, representing a huge evolution of the sport of extreme skiing.
Statistically, McConkey's death was probably inevitable. Then again, all of our deaths are inevitable, statically or not. McConkey got to experience things most of us only dream about. While the rest of us were bound always by the laws of gravity, McConkey over his remarkable career seemed almost to have been granted some sort of magical exemption. Almost.
McConkey was 38. He leaves behind a wife, Sherry, and a daughter, Ayla. Our thoughts and prayers go out to Shane's family, and the many friends he leaves behind.
more: TetonAT has this.
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ARE CHANGES COMING TO THE IRA RULES?
After last year’s passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which overhauled the tax code, you might think Congress would be done with tax legislation for a while. That is not the case. While Republican efforts to unleash as second round of tax reform are likely to hit Democratic resistance and are not widely seen as likely to succeed this year, proposed legislation focusing on retirement plans may have some bipartisan support and a decent shot at becoming law. The “Family Savings Act of 2018” (H.R. 6757) includes provisions that would change the rules for your IRA.
Allow Traditional IRA Contributions at any Age
The IRA rules can be strange. While there are no age restrictions for contributing to a Roth IRA, under current law a contribution cannot be made to a traditional IRA for the year an IRA owner turns 70 ½ or for later years. This restriction does not apply to SEP or SIMPLE IRAs, where contributions can continue to be made despite age if the individual is otherwise eligible.
The proposed legislation lifting the age restriction would enable you to continue to fund your IRA if you are still working after age 70 ½. This is a change that makes sense, given that people are living longer and that these days many people continue to work a least part-time in retirement. The change would also mean that those who are 70 ½ or older could take advantage of the back-door Roth IRA conversion strategy, that is currently unavailable to them because they are unable to make traditional IRA contributions due to their age.
No RMDs for Total Retirement Balances of $50,000 or Less
Don’t like taking your required minimum distribution (RMD)? Well, you might get a break, depending on how big your balance is. The proposed legislation would eliminate RMDs for those with total retirement account balances of $50,000 or less. The $50,000 amount is based on the value of all retirement funds at the end of the year and is to be adjusted for inflation for years after 2019. The exemption would only apply to RMDs during the account owner’s lifetime. It would not apply to RMDs from inherited IRAs or plans.
Penalty-free Retirement Withdrawals for Birth or Adoption
The list of exceptions to the 10% early distribution penalty has gotten longer over the years. The proposed legislation would add yet another exception. This exception would be for early withdrawals for births or adoptions and would be limited to $7,500 overall. The distribution would have to occur within one year from the birth or adoption. In addition, the distributions taken under this proposal could be repaid in a future year as a rollover.
Universal Savings Accounts
The proposed legislation would also add a new type of tax-advantaged account to the tax code called a Universal Savings Account. These would be accounts that could grow tax-free like a Roth IRA, but with fewer restrictions. The annual contribution would be limited to $2,500.
As Congress wraps up its 2018 legislative session, keep an eye on these retirement proposals. No one can say for sure what will happen, but they have a real shot at becoming law and your IRA could be affected. Stay tuned to the Slott Report for any future legislative developments.
https://www.irahelp.com/slottreport/are-changes-coming-ira-rules
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Style Sheffield Giveaway Terms and Conditions
Published Jan. 23 2017 03:58 PM
1. The promoter is: Content OD (company no. 73437012) whose registered office is at 3-4 South Street, Park Hill, Sheffield, S2 5QX, who is managing the competition on behalf of Sheffield BID.
2. The competition is open to residents of the United Kingdom aged 18 years or over, except employees of Sheffield BID/Content OD and their close relatives and anyone otherwise connected with the organisation or judging of the competition.
3. There is no entry fee and no purchase necessary to enter this competition.
4. By entering this competition, entrants give Alive After Five permission to repost their images - with credit - on their social media channels.
5. To enter the competition, entrants must like and comment on the photo on Facebook or follow the #'SheffAfter5 Twitter account and retweet the photo on Twitter. One prize is available to claim across both the Twitter and Facebook compeitions. The prize winner will be drawn at random. Entrants who post images/videos must own the image/video or have permission from the copyright holder to use the image entered in the competition.
6. Closing date for entry will be 12:00pm Wednesday 24th May. No responsibility can be accepted for entries not received for whatever reason.
7. The promoter reserves the right to cancel or amend the competition and these terms and conditions without notice in the event of a catastrophe, war, civil or military disturbance, act of God or any actual or anticipated breach of any applicable law or regulation or any other event outside of the promoter’s control. Any changes to the competition will be notified to entrants as soon as possible by the promoter.
8. The promoter is not responsible for inaccurate prize details supplied to any entrant by any third party connected with this competition.
9. The prize is 5 x Kiko Milano nail varnishes, a Burt's Bees starter kit, an M&S make-up bag, a Nature's Ingredients hand and nail collection, a vintage bag from Mooch and a handmade cuff from Crowd Capture.
10. The prize is as stated and no cash or other alternatives will be offered. The prizes are not transferable. Prizes are subject to availability and we reserve the right to substitute any prize with another of equivalent value without giving notice.
11. Winners will be chosen by representatives at Content OD on behalf of Sheffield BID.
12. The winner will be notified by direct communications on the social media channel they entered on within 1 day of the closing day. If the winner cannot be contacted or does not claim the prize within 7 days of notification, we reserve the right to withdraw the prize from the winner and pick a replacement winner.
13. The promoter will notify the winner when and where the prize can be collected/is delivered.
14. The promoter’s decision in respect of all matters to do with the competition will be final and no correspondence will be entered into.
15. By entering this competition, an entrant is indicating his/her agreement to be bound by these terms and conditions.
16. The competition and these terms and conditions will be governed by English law and any disputes will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of England.
17. The winner agrees to the use of his/her name and image in any publicity material, as well as their entry. Any personal data relating to the winner or any other entrants will be used solely in accordance with current UK data protection legislation and will not be disclosed to a third party without the entrant’s prior consent.
18. The winner’s name will be available 1 day after closing date via Alive After Five social media channels.
19. Entry into the competition will be deemed as acceptance of these terms and conditions.
20. This promotion is in no way sponsored, endorsed or administered by, or associated with, Facebook, Twitter or Instagram.
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JOSEPH D'AUGUSTINE
MEMORIAL FUND
Marine Corps EOD Virtual Wall
Secret Santa for Vets
2018 Golf Outing
Operation Color
Upcoming Events
The Staff Sergeant Joseph D’Augustine Memorial Fund Golf Outing - August 19, 2019 at Montammy Golf Club, Alpine, NJ
__________________________________________________________________________________
Monument Terrace Troop Rally hosting nonprofit VAU Fallen Heroes Memorial flag 22 March 2019
Veterans & Athletes United (VAU ) is an all-volunteer disabled veterans 501c3 non-profit organization. Our VAU Fallen Heroes Memorial is a 28ft wide by 6ft tall American flag designed out close to 7000 dog tags with all the names of those who have fallen in the War on Terror. Fifty gold stars are placed on the flag to honor and recognize gold star families from all 50 states. It is built by veterans and funded by veterans. More details can be found at this link www.vetsau.com/memorial .
VAU is proud to partner with Monument Terrace Troop Rally to have the memorial flag displayed at Monument Terrace in Lynchburg Va for the troop rallies 900 consecutive week, Thursday 21 March 5pm set-up through Friday 22 March 5pm breakdown. We hope to bring awareness to the sacrifice of these honorable service members and gold star families. Our Fallen Heroes Memorial will also be on display at the National D-Day Memorial in Bedford Va 29-31 March for their prelude to invasion/living history event.
James Howard, a Lynchburg native and Army veteran who served in Iraq, led a team of all volunteer veterans to construct this memorial. He and VAU are proud to have the memorial displayed at these future events.
James Howard- VAU Founder and President
VeteransAU@gmail.com
www.vetsau.com
Copyright © Staff Sergeant Joseph D'Augustine Memorial Fund. All rights reserved.
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Home / News / Elderly Phoenix Woman Dunks on Welfare-Seeking Phoenix Suns Owner
Elderly Phoenix Woman Dunks on Welfare-Seeking Phoenix Suns Owner
It's unclear whether the Phoenix City Council will follow through on plans to give $150 million to the city's professional basketball team, the Phoenix Suns, for stadium upgrades.
The team's owner, Robert Sarver, has threatened to leave town if the city doesn't kick in a significant portion of an estimated $230 million renovation of Talking Stick Resort Arena, where the team has played since 1992. But he's also promised that the team isn't going anywhere. The city council was supposed to vote on the massive subsidy last week, but then decided to kick the can until next month in the face of public opposition to the giveaway.
Regardless of the eventual outcome, though, the winner in this fight is pretty clearly Phoenix resident Greta Rogers, who went hard to the hole and posterized team owner Sarver and the entire city council for even considering a nine-figure handout to a professional basketball team worth billions.
"We are not in the business of paying taxes to support private enterprise, and especially not an entertainment enterprise," she said. "They can support themselves or fail on their own lack of diligence."
Here's the full video of her comments, which begin just after the 26-minute mark.
Rogers dunked hardest on Sarver, whom she described as a skinflint owner unwilling to open his wallet to land a big-name free agent or otherwise rebuild a team that's finished near the bottom of the league for most of the past decade—the Suns haven't made the playoffs since 2010 in a league where more than half the teams qualify each year. That's a stark contrast to where the team was in 2004, when Sarver bought the Suns for $400 million (they are worth an estimated $1.28 billion today). That same season, the Suns finished with the best record in the league and advanced to the brink of the NBA finals. After another deep playoff run in 2005, the team went into a long decline that shows little sign of ending anytime soon.
That's not all on Sarver. But he hasn't exactly ingratiated himself into the community, ether. In his book about those good Suns teams from the middle of the last decade, Sports Illustrated writer Jack McCallum recounts a story about how Sarver fired a Suns security guard and then "re-assigned" him because the guy did not recognize Sarver and turned him away from a staff-only entrance shortly after he bought the team. Oh, and there's been the ongoing attempts to fleece the people of Phoenix out of their money for new stadiums and stadium upgrades.
Rogers probably speaks for a good chunk of the Phoenix basketball-loving population when she throws an elbow at Sarver. Two-thirds of voters oppose the stadium scheme, according to a poll from the Arizona Republic newspaper, which has also been pretty critical of the idea.
In a piece published last week, Republic columnist Laurie Roberts suggests five ways the stadium deal could be improved. Top of the list? Cut the public's share of the stadium upgrade costs from two-thirds to one-third. That's a good idea. Here's a better one: Cut it from two-thirds to nothing.
Elderly Phoenix Woman Dunks on Welfare-Seeking Phoenix Suns Owner Reviewed by STATION GOSSIP on 05:17 Rating: 5
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Other 365 Flix Streaming platform
Thread starter DiDa
DTVDigest
Seagal's back for his third "GroupChat" session tomorrow! See you there?
Likes: DiDa and Administrator
I will try to do a second chat...
Likes: Administrator
DiDa said:
Glad you made it to the chat. How do you find it? I find that it's good to get your questions asked, but that it's only really in the subsequent video that it comes together. (Sometimes the typed responses being edited down.)
DTVDigest said:
Well, yesterday he only answered 1 of my questions
3rd vlog
Likes: Kotegashi
https://twitter.com/statuses/1047516718392889344
I am wondering which movie will be released on 365 flix in October....
Likes: thegunfighter
It ideally needs to be something that's not GENERAL COMMANDER. Although I'd be happy for it to be. They need something else right now.
thegunfighter
I believe General Commander will be out in November.
It might just be me, but this 4th chat session seemed shorter than the others. Seemed to be over really quickly. I wouldn't be surprised if Seagal is getting quite tired of doing it each week. He's never done anything like this before and he's got so many questions being thrown at him. (Even though there are only just over a dozen fans participating.) I would expect this will be the last one until GENERAL COMMANDER comes out.
I asked him about a few things as always and he answered one about his character's name. He said Axe is his character's call-sign / nickname. Not an abbreviation of Alexander as I suspected. (I have a theory in mind that he's playing the same character as in A GOOD MAN and MERCENARY: ABSOLUTION, but it certainly does not seem to be the intent that it's the same character.) He didn't tell me the character's real name and I suspect he may not have conceived one. To make the character more mysterious.
Likes: bwana-beast, DiDa, thegunfighter and 1 other person
Thanks! I couldn't join yesterday, but I also have the feeling they get shorter every time.
By the way, they also didn't release a video of the 3rd chat. I am wondering why....
I hope we will get a video for this chat (the 4th one)
But surely there's only so many questions that can be asked? I'm guessing most of them have been covered already?
Personally, I couldn't give a damn about asking any questions. All I am interested in is forthcoming films related info! Sadly, Seagal never expands much on this subject.
Another thing: one can surely observe how miserable Seagal always looks while doing these video chats? You can see that he is tolerating it, but would clearly like to be doing something else!! The body language, his bored persona, the staring into space, it's all there to see and something an expert would definitely see as tell tale signs. But that's just the way he is, I guess.
Likes: DiDa, bwana-beast and Administrator
thegunfighter said:
You can see that he is tolerating it, but would clearly like to be doing something else!!
Some questions are repetitive, but others are quite inventive. I think the main questions that people would like to ask are often those that are quite negative, so people don't ask them out of respect. I'm thinking there should be a thread about questions you'd really like to ask but probably wouldn't.
Seagal has never liked interviews and I'm sure he's only doing what's contractually obligated. That he did it at all is pleasantly surprising.
Likes: thegunfighter and Administrator
I don't know what took them to long putting this up. I badgered them about it. They said there were some technical difficulties with the 4th session, so not sure what (if anything) will be released of that.
That's very true.
I think the main questions that people would like to ask are often those that are quite negative, so people don't ask them out of respect. I'm thinking there should be a thread about questions you'd really like to ask but probably wouldn't.
That would certainly be interesting.
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StoneWritten
Posts on Faith and Life
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Home / For what it’s worth
For What It’s Worth: Self-Soothing
by Emily Stone
For what it's worth, self care, Uncategorized
Therapy is way more than a toolbox of intervention. Information alone cannot replace professional help. However, information can be very powerful. So, for what it’s…
For What It’s Worth: The Crucible
For what it's worth, relationships
For What It’s Worth: Perpetual Problems
For What It’s Worth: Parenting, Empathy, and Redirecting
For what it's worth, parenting, self care
Avoiding the Failure to Launch: 5 Tips for My Young Friends Facing Lift Off
For What It’s Worth: Dark Side of the Moon
31 Things You Can Do About Your Depression Today
Depression is difficult to describe. It is a myriad of symptoms spanning the emotional, physical, relational, and spiritual. Is it physical? Is it emotional? Is…
For What It Is Worth: Gottman’s Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
For What It’s Worth: Triangles, Anxiety, and Relationships
For what it's worth, relationships, self care
For What It’s Worth…the Here and Now
For what it's worth, matthew, self care
For What It’s Worth…Your Search For Meaning
For what it's worth, self care
For What It’s Worth…Negativity, Survival, and Brain Training
For what it's worth, philippians, romans
For What It’s Worth…Acting As If
For What It’s Worth…Self-Awareness and Johari’s Window
For What It’s Worth…Irrational Beliefs
2 corinthians, For what it's worth, self care
Therapy & Counseling
Hope & Healing MFT
Dr. Emily Stone is a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist in Charlotte, NC. Click to learn more about her practice, Hope & Healing MFT.
Writings by Author
Copyright © 2019 StoneWritten
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Interview for B.eople, a magazine published by Booking.com
By Solveig on October 6, 2014 in Press
Solveig Sings
by Alex Dorweiler
Music can be many things to different people: an escape or an outlet, something you listen to in times of need, or simply something to have at a party with your friends. But if you are a musician, it’s more than that — it’s everything.
Solveig Borgen is one of those musicians. Originally from Oslo, she tells me about how she came to discover that unquenchable thirst to have music in her life, “I started singing actively around eight years ago, but ever since I can remember I have always enjoyed singing.”
Like any other teenager, Solveig started wondering what she wanted to do with her life. “I didn’t really know what I wanted to do. I liked to sing, but that wasn’t something that my parents recognized as something that I could do for a living and neither did I. I thought you had to play an instrument to be able to do something with music.”
Because she also enjoyed acting, Solveig enrolled in the Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo (Academy of Arts in Oslo) which brought along its own adventures.
“One of my teachers, who was an American, took me to Kentucky for an audition convention where there were hundreds of students from all over America,”she says with a nostalgic grin. “To be honest, it felt a bit awkward. Here I was, performing in a traditional Norwegian costume, singing for two minutes and reciting poetry.”When she was 23, the Snow Camp outdoor theatre in North Carolina invited her to come back later that summer.
Two years after her “US debut”, she decided to build on her experiences and go to the UK to the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA). “That was really important. I wanted to combine acting and singing, which you couldn’t really do back home.”
Solveig then started singing with a friend who played jazz piano back in Norway. “I just thought ‘This is nice, this is free, this is open — I can do stuff, I don’t have to keep singing the exact note that is written.’”And a love for jazz was born.
After this experience, she decided it was time for another chapter and another move was at hand. “I had heard so many good things about Amsterdam and its music. I just rolled into the jazz scene by going to jam sessions. They were a great place to meet people and the jazz community is one big musical family.’
And with that big musical family it wasn’t long before the more traditional kind of family materialized. “I actually met my boyfriend through music. We met on stage, I think one of the first songs we played together was [Cole Porter’s] ‘Love for Sale’.”
Now a mother of two, I ask her if she would still describe it as a hobby or a dream, or even a dream that is going really well. “Yeah, I think that last one is a good way to put it. My children are my focus, but the singing and the music is a huge part of me and I just cannot stop doing that.”
Solveig also performs her own repertoire from Scandinavia and can now be found on stage with various jazz bands and big bands. Have a look at her website: www.solveigsings.com
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No Apologies Over Bombing Of Bandits - Yari
Governor Abdulaziz Yari of Zamfara has warned that there was no apology over bombing of bandits and urged the Nigerian Air Force to continue to flush out the hoodlums from their hideouts.
Yari alleged that some people were working against the state and warned that there was apology over alleged killing of innocent citizens during bombardment of suspected bandits’ camps in Dumburum village in Zurmi local government.
The governor made the statement on Saturday when a 7-man investigation team on the matter visited him at his Talata-Mafara private residence.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the state’s Council of Chiefs had a fortnight ago alleged that innocent citizens were recently bombarded through air strikes in the area by personnel of the Nigeria Air Force (NAF).
“As far as I am concerned and as the head of government in the state (Zamfara), l haven’t seen anything wrong done by the air force, l haven’t received any brief on such matter.
“Dumburum has been a criminal hideout for over three years and the Emir of Zurmi has once asked me to go and wipe out the area saying all those residing there were bandits, so l am surprised that the emir will be part of those saying innocent people were killed in an encounter in the area,” he said.
The governor alleged that “some people will stay in Abuja and fabricate things against the operations in Zamfara in order to distract the operation, this we must not allow’’.
“Please, all security agencies especially the air force should continue with your usual constitutional duties and the state government will give you all the support to facilitate your concentration in trying to bring back peace which has eluded the state since 2007.
“You should continue with fire power to show the criminals that there is a government in place and we won’t negotiate with them again because when we did that in the past, the leaders pretended as if all was well while they allowed their boys to continue to lay siege on the communities,” he said.
Handing over a letter of condolence to the governor from the Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshall Sadique Abubakar, the team leader, AVM Idi Lubo said it was part of the chief’s concern in case the allegations were true.
He said, “the Chief of Air Staff has directed us to properly investigate the matter in order to unravel the truth.
“We have visited other stakeholders and discovered that there was a misinformation which we have now resolved and wish to assure the people of the state that we shall continue to discharge our assigned responsibilities in protecting the innocent with professionalism.”
The team which was conducted round the relevant stakeholders by the Commander of 207 Quick Response Group, Squadron Leader Sunkanmi Thomas thanked the support given to the Air Force operating in the state.
The team visited heads of security agencies, the traditional rulers and government officials among others while in the state.
In the course of the investigation, emirs in Zamfara recanted their allegations and apologized to the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) for misleading the nation on the fight against bandits.
The traditional rulers had, a fortnight ago, went specific that air strikes on suspected bandits camps hit at and killed innocent citizens in some parts of the state.
The outburst of the emirs, also prompted the Minister of Defence, Alhaji Mansur Dan Ali, to accuse some high ranking traditional rulers of conniving with the bandits.
In a turn-around, the Chairman, Zamfara State Council of Chiefs, Alhaji Attahiru Ahmad, tendered an apology to NAF for the allegations.
The Chairman Council of Chiefs, who is also the Emir of Anka, made the apology when a seven-man high powered investigation team led by AVM Idi Lubo visited him at his palace in Anka on Saturday.
The emirs spoke at a press briefing through the Emir of Bungudu, Alhaji Hassan Attahiru.
The Emir of Bungudu also followed up the claim with the release of the names of some persons who were killed in the air strikes.
The Emir of Anka, however, said “the council regrets the embarrassment caused by the press briefing because it was not targeted at the Air Force or the army but at our own son, the Minister of Defence, who wrongly accused us of complicity in the bandits activities in the state.
“l apologize over whatever embarrassment the statement may have caused and from now, we have drawn a line, there won’t be anything like that again, and I want to appeal that care should be applied while tracking the bandits and when they run from your fire power into the community, the land army should take over so as to avoid killing the innocent.
“Out of the 17 emirate councils that we have in the state, mistakes occurred in only four and the submissions we made were gathered in the last two years, l also want to state that nothing happened on innocent citizens in the last six months in the state,” he said.
While speaking on the list of killed persons that was later released by the Emir of Bungudu, the Chairman of the Council of Chiefs said: “The Emir of Bungudu is not the spokesman of the council even though he read our press briefing that day.
“The list of victims that he released to the press on a later day did not emanate from me nor was I aware of it as the Chairman, l will only take responsibility because l am the Chairman”.
He then assured that the traditional council would continue to support security agencies in the fight against armed banditry in the state and urged the army to go and occupy deserted villages where some of the bandits were hiding.
Lubo told the emirs that the team was in the state to investigate the true position of the allegations in order to avoid future occurrence.
“We have also come with condolence letter from the Chief of Air Staff, Air Marshall Sadique Abubakar, in case some innocent people were killed in our encounter with bandits.”
NAN reports that the team was taken round stakeholders by the Commander of the 207 Quick Response Group in the state, Squadron Leader Sunkanmi Thomas.
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Delta Devils pile up miles waiting for home opener
Thu., Dec. 1, 2016, 10:37 p.m.
Mississippi Valley State coach Andre Payne stresses effort on the court and in the classroom. (Dan Pelle / The Spokesman-Review)
By Whitney Ogden whitneyo@spokesman.com(509) 481-1067
No. 8 Gonzaga rolls to seventh straight victory, 97-63 over Mississippi Valley State
At McCarthey Athletic Center, Spokane
BULLDOGS97
DELTA DEVILS63
Saturday, Dec. 3: Gonzaga Bulldogs vs. Arizona Wildcats at Los Angeles, 2:30 p.m. TV: ESPN
Losing nine games in a row is never an easy pill to swallow.
But the winless Delta Devils from Itta Bena, Mississippi, have had to get around another obstacle this season – being on the road for almost two months.
Mississippi Valley State has been traveling to play since its season opener at Northwestern on Nov. 11. The Delta Devils won’t play at home until Jan. 7.
“Being on the road this long is definitely a factor, but no excuses. Our schedule is our schedule and we just have to work and get better,” Delta Devils head coach Andre Payne said.
Playing on the road for the first 14 games is tough enough for any team, but Mississippi Valley State has faced some tough competitors so far. The team’s schedule includes some of the AP Top 25 ranked teams, including No. 13 Indiana, No. 25 West Virginia and Michigan State, which was ranked No. 13 when the Delta Devils visited on Nov. 18. The Spartans dropped out of the poll earlier this week.
Mississippi Valley State’s 97-63 loss to the No. 8 Bulldogs on Thursday night was the fourth ranked team the Delta Devils have battled. They have one more waiting for them on Dec. 20 at No. 19 Iowa State.
“For a team that hasn’t had a home game yet and don’t have one until Jan. 7, it’s inspiring and remarkable how hard they play. They keep getting after it,” Gonzaga head coach Mark Few said.
“It’s a different beast when you play on this level,” Payne said. “ I don’t sugarcoat it. I tell them, ‘Hey, this is the toughest Division 1 schedule of preseason there is. You’re playing against some of the top teams in the nation … but what you have to do is play harder than them, give more effort than them and bring your A game and hope that you can force them into a C game.’ ”
The Delta Devils brought their best efforts against Gonzaga and stayed within a few points before the Bulldogs pulled away for good midway through the first half.
“I think that this team (Gonzaga) is definitely a true top 10 team. They actually have more to throw at you than Indiana,” Payne said.
Spokane was the last stop for the Delta Devils before they head home for 10 days for finals before traveling back to Washington to play Seattle on Dec. 15. Mississippi Valley State has only traveled back home for a day or two at a time before the team had to leave again for another road game.
But even with all that travel, Payne said his players, who mostly take online classes, stay on top of their studies.
“Coach Payne, he makes us study hard and stay up on our books when we’re up in the hotel, and even sometimes in the airport. It gets kind of chaotic, you know, but he gives us a chance to kind of maintain (our grades),” senior guard Rashaan Surles said.
“When I walked in (the locker room), I didn’t talk about the game. I talked about final exams,” Payne said after the game. “I said, ‘This is what we got to do. We’ve got to get back to the hotel, we’re going to order some wings and we’re going to start studying.’ ”
Payne said he makes his players study whenever there is time, which sometimes means opening books on the airplane when they’re traveling to another school. But when the team takes a break from studies, Surles said the down time gives the Delta Devils a chance to relax together and get to know each other better than a lot of other teams.
“We do a lot of bonding. Every team has their bonding time. We just have a little bit more than others,” Surles said.
Payne would describe the bonding time among the players and coaches as a way of building a home away from home.
“We’re a big family,” Payne said. “At the end of the day they love each other, and those guys there, I would go to war with them any day because they don’t know how to stop. They’re going to play continuously hard every second of the game, no matter what.”
Published: Dec. 1, 2016, 10:37 p.m.
Tags: Andre Payne, college basketball, Gonzaga basketball, Gonzaga Bulldogs, GU men's basketball, Mark Few, Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils, ncaa, off the bench, Rashaan Surles, sidebar, #zagsgame415
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Stories tagged: vaccination
UPDATED: Thu., May 9, 2019, 9:34 a.m.
Q&A: With measles on the rise, vaccine is still best defense
The Spokesman-Review asked health experts about any strategies to prevent a measles outbreaks, including for travel or if people can’t remember having the vaccine. Just four months into 2019, the …
UPDATED: Tue., April 23, 2019, 10:08 p.m.
Measles vaccine exemption bill heads to Inslee
House gives final passage to an end to the personal exemption for the measles vaccine.
Tue., April 23, 2019, 4 p.m.
House Call: Vaccine benefits outweigh the miniscule risks
Vaccines prevent disease, decrease suffering and bad outcomes. Severe vaccine reactions, while being uncomfortable and even a bit scary, are rare and do not usually lead to long-term problems like …
Sun., April 21, 2019, 5 a.m.
Spin Control: How the vaxx bill was resurrected
The bill to limit exemptions for the measles vaccination was thought to be dead Wednesday night, but came back to life.
UPDATED: Tue., April 9, 2019, 4:54 p.m.
NYC orders mandatory vaccines for some amid measles outbreak
New York City declared a public health emergency Tuesday over a measles outbreak centered in an ultra-Orthodox Jewish community and ordered mandatory vaccinations in the neighborhood.
US measles tally hits 465, with most illnesses in kids
U.S. measles cases are continuing to jump, and most of the reported illnesses are in children.
UPDATED: Tue., April 2, 2019, 6:34 a.m.
Divided Washington Senate panel backs end to personal exemption on MMR vaccine
Senate panel approves ending personal exemptions for parents who don’t want their children to have measles vaccination.
Wed., March 27, 2019, 1:58 p.m.
2,000 at Temple University get shots amid mumps outbreak
More than 2,000 students and staffers at Temple University took advantage of free vaccine booster shots Wednesday as the number of mumps cases at the school topped 100.
Fri., March 22, 2019, 5 a.m.
Local health officials emphasize risk of chickenpox after Kentucky governor shares story of intentionally infecting his children
Kim Thorburn, former health officer and Spokane Regional Health District director, said she was saddened but not surprised to hear Kentucky Gov. Matt Bevin announce he took his nine children …
Sun., March 17, 2019, 5 a.m.
Shawn Vestal: A parent makes the choice, but it’s not their consequence alone
As the Washington Legislature considers tightening up vaccine requirements for kids entering public schools, anti-vaxxer opponents have taken up the argument that it’s a simple question of parental choice.
Sat., March 9, 2019, 5 a.m.
Sue Lani Madsen: Risk, benefit and vaccine mandates
When the Spanish flu went viral in 1918, it didn’t mean trending on Twitter. Before vaccines, antibiotics, better sanitation and clean water, the leading cause of death was infectious disease. …
UPDATED: Wed., Feb. 13, 2019, 5:03 p.m.
Anti-vaxxers are spreading conspiracy theories on Facebook, and the company is struggling to stop them
As a disturbing number of measles outbreaks crop up around the United States, Facebook is facing challenges combating widespread misinformation about vaccinations on its platform, which has become a haven …
UPDATED: Thu., Jan. 31, 2019, 9:06 p.m.
North Dakota sends specialized team to help with measles breakout in Pacific Northwest
North Dakota is sending an emergency response team to assist in efforts to control an escalating measles outbreak in the Pacific Northwest.
Fri., Dec. 7, 2018, 10:19 a.m.
Ebola spreads to major Congo city as vaccines a concern
The second-largest Ebola outbreak in history has spread to a major city in eastern Congo, as health experts worry whether the stock of an experimental vaccine will stand up to …
UPDATED: Tue., Nov. 13, 2018, 3:59 p.m.
A vaccine for you, and your pooch, too
Several dozen low-income and homeless people took advantage of the WSU Colleges of Nursing and Veterinary Medicine’s free health screening and vaccination clinic on Friday.
UPDATED: Mon., July 23, 2018, 8:08 p.m.
Patients waiting for shots with new shingles vaccine in short supply
Local pharmacists institute wait lists for shingles vaccine as manufacturer struggles to meet demand.
Mon., June 25, 2018, 9:30 a.m.
Latah County vaccination rates better than state average
The results of a study recently published in the journal PLOS Medicine found that only Oregon has a higher number of parents choosing to opt out of vaccinating their children …
Wed., Jan. 31, 2018
100 years ago in Spokane: City promotes vaccination as 20 people contract smallpox
A Spokane Daily Chronicle headline said, “Vaccination! It’s Getting to Be Quite the Thing.” Fourteen people showed up at the city health office to get a smallpox vaccination.
UPDATED: Thu., Nov. 9, 2017, 11:13 a.m.
Spokane Valley City Council may lobby Legislature on vaccination proposal
The Spokane Valley City Council may take its advocacy of parents who want to keep their unvaccinated children in school during disease outbreaks to the state Legislature.
Wed., Oct. 25, 2017, 1:20 p.m.
Panel recommends new, better shingles shot over old version
A federal panel recommended Wednesday that older people already vaccinated for shingles get a new, better shot.
Thu., Sept. 28, 2017, 8:16 a.m.
U.S. health officials brace for potentially bad flu season
It’s flu shot time, and health officials are bracing for a potentially miserable fall and winter.
Mon., Aug. 28, 2017, 10:04 a.m.
Oregon officials challenge low vaccination rate ranking
Officials disagree with a federal report which says Oregon has some of the lowest vaccination rates in the U.S.
Mon., Aug. 14, 2017
House Call: Vaccinations are a back-to-school essential
These days in addition to doing a lot of sports physicals for students wishing to join a team at school, I am doing wellness checkups and immunizations. Vaccines are more …
Sat., April 22, 2017, 1:31 p.m.
Risk of flu-related death higher for unvaccinated children
That’s according to a new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published online earlier this month in Pediatrics. The article says this is the first study of …
UPDATED: Sat., April 22, 2017, 9:56 p.m.
Surgeon general is removed by Trump administration, replaced by deputy for now
U.S. Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy has been removed by the Trump administration and replaced temporarily by his deputy, Rear Adm. Sylvia Trent-Adams.
Wed., April 12, 2017, 7 p.m.
Vaccination rate jumps in California after tougher inoculation law
The vaccination rate for California’s kindergartners jumped this fall from the previous year, with the percentage of students with all required vaccinations rising to 96 percent from 93 percent.
Fri., Jan. 20, 2017, 4:24 p.m.
1 in 4 US men have cancer-linked HPV genital infections
The first national estimate suggests that nearly half of U.S. men have genital infections caused by a sexually transmitted virus and that 1 in 4 has strains linked with several …
Wed., Dec. 14, 2016, 1:25 p.m.
Two vaccinated Spokane County residents diagnosed with mumps
Health officials say the MMR vaccine, which is 88 percent effective, remains the best way to prevent mumps.
Mon., Sept. 12, 2016, 7 p.m.
Flu vaccination is nothing to sneeze at
We are lucky in the United States, the flu is – for the vast majority of people – a survivable illness. But that does not mean that it is just …
Thu., Jan. 7, 2016
Editorial: Vaccinate your schoolchildren
Parents can help prevent outbreaks of chickenpox by taking the new school requirements seriously.
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DNA Folds Into A Smart Nanocapsule For Drug Delivery
Researchers from University of Jyväskylä and Aalto University in Finland have developed a customized DNA nanostructure that can perform a predefined task in human body-like conditions. To do so, the team built a capsule-like carrier that opens and closes according to the pH level of the surrounding solution. The nanocapsule can be loaded—or packed—with a variety of cargo, closed for delivery and opened again through a subtle pH increase.
The pH-responsive DNA origami nanocapsule (blue) loaded with an enzyme (yellow color, high pH).
The function of the DNA nanocapsule is based on pH-responsive DNA residues.To make this happen, the team designed a capsule-like DNA origami structure functionalized with pH-responsive DNA strands. Such dynamic DNA nanodesigns are often controlled by the simple hydrogen-bonding of two complementary DNA sequences. Here, one half of the capsule was equipped with specific double-stranded DNA domains that could further form a DNA triple helix — in other words a helical structure comprised of three, not just two DNA molecules — by attaching to a suitable single-stranded DNA in the other half.
Source: https://www.jyu.fi/
AI Closer To The Efficiency Of The Brain
Computers and artificial intelligence continue to usher in major changes in the way people shop. It is relatively easy to train a robot’s brain to create a shopping list, but what about ensuring that the robotic shopper can easily tell the difference between the thousands of products in the store?
Purdue University researchers and experts in brain-inspired computing think part of the answer may be found in magnets. The researchers have developed a process to use magnetics with brain-like networks to program and teach devices such as personal robots, self-driving cars and drones to better generalize about different objects.
“Our stochastic neural networks try to mimic certain activities of the human brain and compute through a connection of neurons and synapses,” said Kaushik Roy, Purdue’s Edward G. Tiedemann Jr. Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering. “This allows the computer brain to not only store information but also to generalize well about objects and then make inferences to perform better at distinguishing between objects.”
The stochastic switching behavior is representative of a sigmoid switching behavior of a neuron. Such magnetic tunnel junctions can be also used to store synaptic weights. Roy presented the technology during the annual German Physical Sciences Conference earlier this month in Germany. The work also appeared in the Frontiers in Neuroscience.
The switching dynamics of a nano-magnet are similar to the electrical dynamics of neurons. Magnetic tunnel junction devices show switching behavior, which is stochastic in nature. The Purdue group proposed a new stochastic training algorithm for synapses using spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP), termed Stochastic-STDP, which has been experimentally observed in the rat’s hippocampus. The inherent stochastic behavior of the magnet was used to switch the magnetization states stochastically based on the proposed algorithm for learning different object representations. “The big advantage with the magnet technology we have developed is that it is very energy-efficient,” said Roy, who leads Purdue’s Center for Brain-inspired Computing Enabling Autonomous Intelligence. “We have created a simpler network that represents the neurons and synapses while compressing the amount of memory and energy needed to perform functions similar to brain computations.”
Source: https://www.purdue.edu/
How To Create Speech From Brain Signals
“In my head, I churn over every sentence ten times, delete a word, add an adjective, and learn my text by heart, paragraph by paragraph,” wrote Jean-Dominique Bauby in his memoir, “The Diving Bell and the Butterfly.” In the book, Mr. Bauby, a journalist and editor, recalled his life before and after a paralyzing stroke that left him virtually unable to move a muscle; he tapped out the book letter by letter, by blinking an eyelid.
Thousands of people are reduced to similarly painstaking means of communication as a result of injuries suffered in accidents or combat, of strokes, or of neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or A.L.S., that disable the ability to speak.
Now, scientists are reporting that they have developed a virtual prosthetic voice, a system that decodes the brain’s vocal intentions and translates them into mostly understandable speech, with no need to move a muscle, even those in the mouth. (The physicist and author Stephen Hawking used a muscle in his cheek to type keyboardcharacters, which a computer synthesized into speech.)
http://www.sciencesgate.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/speech-synthesis-from-neural-decoding-of-spoken-sentences-720h.mp4
“It’s formidable work, and it moves us up another level toward restoring speech” by decoding brain signals, said Dr. Anthony Ritaccio, a neurologist and neuroscientist at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla., who was not a member of the research group.
The new system, described on Wednesday in the journal Nature,deciphers the brain’s motor commands guiding vocal movement during speech — the tap of the tongue, the narrowing of the lips — and generates intelligible sentences that approximate a speaker’s natural cadence. Experts said the new work represented a “proof of principle,” a preview of what may be possible after further experimentation and refinement. The system was tested on people who speak normally; it has not been tested in people whose neurological conditions or injuries, such as common strokes, could make the decoding difficult or impossible. For the new trial, scientists at the University of California, San Francisco, and U.C. Berkeley recruited five people who were in the hospital being evaluated for epilepsy surgery.
Many people with epilepsy do poorly on medication and opt to undergo brain surgery. Before operating, doctors must first locate the “hot spot” in each person’s brain where the seizures originate; this is done with electrodes that are placed in the brain, or on its surface, and listen for telltale electrical storms. Pinpointing this location can take weeks. In the interim, patients go through their days with electrodes implanted in or near brain regions that are involved in movement and auditory signaling. These patients often consent to additional experiments that piggyback on those implants.
Five such patients at U.C.S.F. agreed to test the virtual voice generator. Each had been implanted with one or two electrode arrays: stamp-size pads, containing hundreds of tiny electrodes, that were placed on the surface of the brain. As each participant recited hundreds of sentences, the electrodes recorded the firing patterns of neurons in the motor cortex. The researchers associated those patterns with the subtle movements of the patient’s lips, tongue, larynx and jaw that occur during natural speech. The team then translated those movements into spoken sentences.
Source: https://www.nytimes.com/
Robots Sort Recycling, Detect If An Object Is Paper, Metal Or Plastic.
Every year trash companies sift through an estimated 68 million tons of recycling, which is the weight equivalent of more than 30 million cars. A key step in the process happens on fast-moving conveyor belts, where workers have to sort items into categories like paper, plastic and glass. Such jobs are dull, dirty, and often unsafe, especially in facilities where workers also have to remove normal trash from the mix. With that in mind, a team led by researchers at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) has developed a robotic system that can detect if an object is paper, metal, or plastic.
The team’s “RoCycle” system includes a soft Teflon hand that uses tactile sensors on its fingertips to detect an object’s size and stiffness. Compatible with any robotic arm, RoCycle was found to be 85 percent accurate at detecting materials when stationary, and 63 percent accurate on an actual simulated conveyer belt. (Its most common error was identifying paper-covered metal tins as paper, which the team says would be improved by adding more sensors along the contact surface.)
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“Our robot’s sensorized skin provides haptic feedback that allows it to differentiate between a wide range of objects, from the rigid to the squishy,” says MIT Professor Daniela Rus, senior author on a related paper that will be presented in April at the IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft) in Seoul, South Korea. “Computer vision alone will not be able to solve the problem of giving machines human-like perception, so being able to use tactile input is of vital importance.”
A collaboration with Yale University, RoCycle directly demonstrates the limits of sight-based sorting: It can reliably distinguish between two visually similar Starbucks cups, one made of paper and one made of plastic, that would give vision systems trouble.
Source: http://news.mit.edu/
Long-lasting Lithium Batteries
The grand challenge to improve energy storage and increase battery life, while ensuring safe operation, is becoming evermore critical as we become increasingly reliant on this energy source for everything from portable devices to electric vehicles. A Columbia Engineering team led by Yuan Yang, assistant professor of materials science and engineering, announced today that they have developed a new method for safely prolonging battery life by inserting a nano-coating of boron nitride (BN) to stabilize solid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries.
While conventional lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries are currently widely used in daily life, they have low energy density, resulting in shorter battery life, and, because of the highly flammable liquid electrolyte inside them, they can short out and even catch fire. Energy density could be improved by using lithium metal to replace the graphite anode used in Li-ion batteries: lithium metal’s theoretical capacity for the amount of charge it can deliver is almost 10 times higher than that of graphite. But during lithium plating, dendrites often form and, if they penetrate the membrane separator in the middle of the battery, they can create short-circuits, raising concerns about battery safety.
“We decided to focus on solid, ceramic electrolytes. They show great promise in improving both safety and energy density, as compared with conventional, flammable electrolytes in Li-ion batteries,” says Yang. “We are particularly interested in rechargeable solid-state lithium batteries because they are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage.” “Lithium metal is indispensable for enhancing energy density and so it’s critical that we be able to use it as the anode for solid electrolytes,” says Qian Cheng, the paper’s lead author and a postdoctoral research scientist in the department of applied physics and applied mathematics who works in Yang’s group. “To adapt these unstable solid electrolytes for real-life applications, we needed to develop a chemically and mechanically stable interface to protect these solid electrolytes against the lithium anode. It is essential that the interface not only be highly electronically insulating, but also ionically conducting in order to transport lithium ions. Plus, this interface has to be super-thin to avoid lowering the energy density of batteries.”
Th findings are outlined in a new study published by Joule.
Source: https://engineering.columbia.edu/
Quantum Computer Can See 16 Different Futures Simultaneously
When Mile Gu boots up his new computer, he can see the future. At least, 16 possible versions of it — all at the same time. Gu, an assistant professor of physics at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, works in quantum computing. This branch of science uses the weird laws that govern the universe’s smallest particles to help computers calculate more efficiently.
Tiny particles of light can travel in a superposition of many different states at the same time. Researchers used this quantum quirk to design a prototype computer that can predict 16 different futures at once.
Unlike classical computers, which store information as bits (binary digits of either 0 or 1), quantum computers code information into quantum bits, or qubits. These subatomic particles, thanks to the weird laws of quantum mechanics, can exist in a superposition of two different states at the same time.
Just as Schrödinger‘s hypothetical cat was simultaneously dead and alive until someone opened the box, a qubit in a superposition can equal both 0 and 1 until it’s measured. Storing multiple different outcomes into a single qubit could save a ton of memory compared to traditional computers, especially when it comes to making complicated predictions.
In a study published April 9 in the journal Nature Communications, Gu and his colleagues demonstrated this idea using a new quantum simulator that can predict the outcomes of 16 different futures (the equivalent of, say, flipping a coin four times in a row) in a quantum superposition. These possible futures were encoded in a single photon (a quantum particle of light) which moved down multiple paths simultaneously while passing through several sensors. Then, the researchers went one step further, firing two photons side-by-side and tracking how each photon’s potential futures diverged under slightly different conditions.
“It’s sort of like Doctor Strange in the ‘Avengers: Infinity War‘” movie, Gu told Live Science. Before a climactic battle in that film, the clairvoyant doctor looks forward in time to see 14 million different futures, hoping to find the one where the heroes defeat the big baddie. “He does a combined computation of all these possibilities to say, ‘OK, if I changed my decision in this small way, how much will the future change?’ This is the direction our simulation is moving forwards to.”
Source: https://www.livescience.com/
Memory In Older Adults Restored To Young Adult Level
Stimulating a precise location of the brain’s memory center with electromagnetic pulses improved the memory of older adults with age-related memory loss to the level of young adults, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study. The study, published in the journal Neurology, used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to target the hippocampus — the brain region that atrophies as people grow older, which is responsible for memory decline.
“Older people’s memory got better up to the level that we could no longer tell them apart from younger people,” said lead investigator Joel Voss, PhD, associate professor in the Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology. “They got substantially better.” “It’s the part of the brain that links two unrelated things together into a memory, like the place you left your keys or your new neighbor’s name,” said Voss, also an associate professor of Medical Social Sciences and of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. “Older adults often complain about having trouble with this.” This type of memory worsens as we age. Nearly all people experience a decline in their memory ability as they age.
The new study of 16 people — ages 64 to 80 with normal age-related memory problems — shows it’s possible to alter memory ability in older adults using this type of brain stimulation, Voss said. “There is no previous evidence that the specific memory impairments and brain dysfunction seen in older adults can be rescued using brain stimulation or any other method.”
Voss’ team located the hippocampus — which is smaller in older adults — individually for each participant with an fMRI. An fMRI (functional MRI) measures how active a part of the brain is at a given time Then, they located an area of the parietal lobe that communicates with the hippocampus for stimulation delivery. This spot was behind and slightly above a person’s left ear, but everyone had a slightly different spot. It isn’t possible to directly stimulate the hippocampus with TMS, which is noninvasive, because it’s too deep in the brain for the magnetic fields to penetrate. So, Voss and colleagues identified a superficial brain region close to the surface of the skull with high connectivity to the hippocampus.
“We stimulated where brain activity is synchronized to the hippocampus, suggesting that these regions talk to each other,” said first author Aneesha Nilakantan, a neuroscience graduate student working in Voss’ lab. At baseline, younger and older adults were given memory tasks in which they learned arbitrary relations between paired things, such as this object goes on this spot on the computer screen. Younger adults score about 55 percent correct and older adults less than 40 percent correct. The research team then applied high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation to the spot for five consecutive days for 20 minutes a d
Then, 24 hours after the final stimulation, the subjects were given a new memory test in which they had to learn new arbitrary relations between paired things. After the brain stimulation, older adults scored at the level of young adults on the memory tasks.
Source: https://news.feinberg.northwestern.edu/
Internet Of Thoughts
Imagine a future technology that would provide instant access to the world’s knowledge and artificial intelligence, simply by thinking about a specific topic or question. Communications, education, work, and the world as we know it would be transformed. Writing in Frontiers in Neuroscience, an international collaboration led by researchers at UC Berkeley and the US Institute for Molecular Manufacturing predicts that exponential progress in nanotechnology, nanomedicine, AI, and computation will lead this century to the development of a “Human Brain/Cloud Interface” (B/CI), that connects neurons and synapses in the brain to vast cloud-computing networks in real time.
The B/CI concept was initially proposed by futurist-author-inventor Ray Kurzweil, who suggested that neural nanorobots – brainchild of Robert Freitas, Jr., senior author of the research – could be used to connect the neocortex of the human brain to a “synthetic neocortex” in . Our wrinkled neocortex is the newest, smartest, ‘conscious’ part of the brain. Freitas’ proposed neural nanorobots would provide direct, real-time monitoring and control of signals to and from brain cells.
“These devices would navigate the human vasculature, cross the blood-brain barrier, and precisely autoposition themselves among, or even within brain cells,” explains Freitas. “They would then wirelessly transmit encoded information to and from a cloud-based supercomputer network for real-time brain-state monitoring and data extraction.”
This cortex in the cloud would allow “Matrix“-style downloading of information to the brain, the group claims. “A human B/CI system mediated by neuralnanorobotics could empower individuals with instantaneous access to all cumulative human knowledge available in the cloud, while significantly improving human learning capacities and intelligence,” says lead author Dr. Nuno Martins.
B/CI technology might also allow us to create a future “global superbrain” that would connect networks of individual human brains and AIs to enable collective thought. “While not yet particularly sophisticated, an experimental human ‘BrainNet’ system has already been tested, enabling thought-driven information exchange via the cloud between individual brains,” explains Martins. “It used electrical signals recorded through the skull of ‘senders’ and magnetic stimulation through the skull of ‘receivers,’ allowing for performing cooperative tasks. “With the advance of neuralnanorobotics, we envisage the future creation of ‘superbrains’ that can harness the thoughts and thinking power of any number of humans and machines in real time. This shared cognition could revolutionize democracy, enhance empathy, and ultimately unite culturally diverse groups into a truly global society.”
According to the group’s estimates, even existing supercomputers have processing speeds capable of handling the necessary volumes of neural data for B/CI – and they’re getting faster, fast. Rather, transferring neural data to and from supercomputers in the cloud is likely to be the ultimate bottleneck in B/CI development. “This challenge includes not only finding the bandwidth for global data transmission,” cautions Martins, “but also, how to enable data exchange with neurons via tiny devices embedded deep in the brain.”
One solution proposed by the authors is the use of ‘magnetoelectric nanoparticles‘ to effectively amplify communication between neurons and the cloud. “These nanoparticles have been used already in living mice to couple external magnetic fields to neuronal electric fields – that is, to detect and locally amplify these magnetic signals and so allow them to alter the electrical activity of neurons,” explains Martins. “This could work in reverse, too: electrical signals produced by neurons and nanorobots could be amplified via magnetoelectric nanoparticles, to allow their detection outside of the skull.” Getting these nanoparticles – and nanorobots – safely into the brain via the circulation, would be perhaps the greatest challenge of all in B/CI.
“A detailed analysis of the biodistribution and biocompatibility of nanoparticles is required before they can be considered for human development. Nevertheless, with these and other promising technologies for B/CI developing at an ever-increasing rate, an ‘internet of thoughts’ could become a reality before the turn of the century,” Martins concludes.
Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/
First 3D Printed Heart
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have managed to 3D print a heart using a patient’s cells and biological materials — a first. Scientists have previously built synthetic hearts and bio-engineered tissues using a patient’s cells. But the latest feat is the first time scientists have created a complex organ with biological materials.
“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart replete with cells, blood vessels, ventricles and chambers,” lead researcher Tal Dvir, a material scientist and professor of molecular cell biology at TAU, said in a news release.
The proof-of-concept feat could pave the way for a new type of organ transplant. For patients with late stage heart failure, a heart transplant is the only solution. But there is a lack of heart donors.
“This heart is made from human cells and patient-specific biological materials. In our process these materials serve as the bioinks, substances made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models,” Dvir said. “Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future.”
The heart scientists printed couldn’t be used in a human transplant operation. Though completely vascularized, it’s too small at about the size of a rabbit heart. “But larger human hearts require the same technology.” Dvir said.
Researchers detailed their breakthrough this week in the journal Advanced Science.
Source: https://www.upi.com/
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Engraved gem
Title: Engraved gem
Subject: Engraving, Portland Vase, Hardstone carving, Natural History (Pliny), Ancient art
Roman intaglio portrait of Caracalla in amethyst, once in the Treasury of Sainte-Chapelle, when it was adapted by adding an inscription and cross to represent Saint Peter.
An engraved gem is a small gemstone, usually semi-precious,[1] that has been carved, in the Western tradition normally with images or inscriptions only on one face. The engraving of gemstones was a major luxury art form in the ancient world, and an important one in some later periods.[2] Strictly speaking, engraving means carving in intaglio, with the design cut into the flat background of the stone, but relief carvings, with the design projecting out of the background as in nearly all cameos, are also covered by the term (this article uses "cameo" in its strict sense, to denote a carving exploiting layers of differently coloured stone). The activity is also called gem carving, and the artists gem-cutters. References to antique gems, and intaglios in a jewellery context, will almost always mean carved gems. Vessels like the Cup of the Ptolemies and heads or figures carved in the round are also known as "hardstone carvings" and similar terms.
signature did not really exist in antiquity.
3 Renaissance revival
4 Parallel traditions
5 Iconography
6 Collectors
8 Imitations
9 Scholars
Gems were mostly cut by using abrasive powder from harder stones in conjunction with a hand-drill, probably often set in a lathe. Emery has been mined for abrasive powder on Naxos since antiquity. Some early types of seal were cut by hand, rather than a drill, which does not allow fine detail. There is no evidence that magnifying lenses were used by gem cutters in antiquity. A medieval guide to gem-carving techniques survives from Theophilus Presbyter. Byzantine cutters used a flat-edged wheel on a drill for intaglio work, while Carolingian ones used round-tipped drills; it is unclear where they learnt this technique from. In intaglio gems at least, the recessed cut surface is usually very well preserved, and microscopic examination is revealing of the technique used.[3] The colour of several gemstones can be enhanced by a number of artificial methods, using heat, sugar and dyes. Many of these can be shown to have been used since antiquity - since the 7th millennium BC in the case of heating.[4]
Antelopes attacked by birds: cylinder seal in hematite and its impression. Late Bronze Age II (maybe 14th century BC), from Cyprus in the Minoan period, following Near Eastern precedents.
The technique has an ancient tradition in the Near East, and is represented in all or most early cultures from the area, and the Indus Valley civilization. The cylinder seal, whose design only appears when rolled over damp clay, from which the flat ring type developed, was the usual form in Mesopotamia, Assyria and other cultures, and spread to the Minoan world, including parts of Greece and Cyprus. These were made in various types of stone, not all hardstone. The Greek tradition emerged in Ancient Greek art under Minoan influence on mainland Helladic culture, and reached an apogee of subtlety and refinement in the Hellenistic period. Pre-Hellenistic Egyptian seals tend to have inscriptions in hieroglyphs rather than images. The Biblical Book of Exodus describes the form of the hoshen, a ceremonial breastplate worn by the High Priest, bearing twelve gems engraved with the names of the Twelve tribes of Israel.
Round or oval Greek gems (along with similar objects in bone and ivory) are found from the 8th and 7th centuries BC, usually with animals in energetic geometric poses, often with a border marked by dots or a rim.[5] Early examples are mostly in softer stones. Gems of the 6th century are more often oval,[6] with a scarab back (in the past this type was called a "scarabaeus"), and human or divine figures as well as animals; the scarab form was apparently adopted from Phoenicia.[7] The forms are sophisticated for the period, despite the usually small size of the gems.[8] In the 5th century gems became somewhat larger, but still only 2-3 centimetres tall. Despite this, very fine detail is shown, including the eyelashes on one male head, perhaps a portrait. Four gems signed by Dexamenos of Chios are the finest of the period, two showing herons.[9]
Reclining satyr, Etruscan c. 550 BC, 2.2 cm wide. Note the vase shown "sideways"; it is characteristic of early gems that not all elements in the design are read from the same direction of view.
Relief carving became common in 5th century BC Greece, and gradually most of the spectacular carved gems in the Western tradition were in relief, although the Sassanian and other traditions remained faithful to the intaglio form. Generally a relief image is more impressive than an intaglio one; in the earlier form the recipient of a document saw this in the impressed sealing wax, while in the later reliefs it was the owner of the seal who kept it for himself, probably marking the emergence of gems meant to be collected or worn as jewellery pendants in necklaces and the like, rather than used as seals - later ones are sometimes rather large to use to seal letters. However inscriptions are usually still in reverse ("mirror-writing") so they only read correctly on impressions (or by viewing from behind with transparent stones). This aspect also partly explains the collecting of impressions in plaster or wax from gems, which may be easier to appreciate than the original.
The cameo, which is rare in intaglio form, seems to have reached Greece around the 3rd century; the Farnese Tazza is the only major surviving Hellenistic example (depending on the date assigned to the Gonzaga Cameo - see below), but other glass-paste imitations with portraits suggest that gem-type cameos were made in this period.[10] The conquests of Alexander the Great had opened up new trade routes to the Greek world and increased the range of gemstones available.[11] Roman gems generally continued Hellenistic styles, and can be hard to date, until their quality sharply declines at the end of the 2nd century AD. Philosophers are sometimes shown; Cicero refers to people having portraits of their favourite on their cups and rings.[12] The Romans invented cameo glass, best known from the Portland Vase, as a cheaper material for cameos, and one that allowed consistent and predictable layers on even round objects.
There are several antique and medieval engraved gems on the Ottonian Lothair Cross (base later). Many antique engraved gems survived in such contexts
During the European jasper.[14] Some gems were engraved, mostly with religious scenes in intaglio, during the period both in Byzantium and Europe.[15]
In the West production revived from the Carolingian period, when rock crystal was the commonest material. The Lothair Crystal (or Suzanna Crystal, British Museum, 11.5 cm diameter), clearly not designed for use as a seal, is the best known of 20 surviving Carolingian large intaglio gems with complex figural scenes, although most were used for seals.[16] Several crystals were designed, like the Susanna Crystal, to be viewed through the gem from the unengraved side, so their inscriptions were reversed like the seals. In wills and inventories, engraved gems were often given pride of place at the head of a list of treasures.[17]
Some gems in a remarkably effective evocation of classical style were made in Southern Italy for the court of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in the first half of the 13th century, several in the Cabinet des Médailles in Paris. Meanwhile the church led the development of large, often double-sided, metal seal matrices for wax seals that were left permanently attached to charters and similar legal documents, dangling by a cord, though smaller ring seals that were broken when a letter was opened remained in use. It is not clear to what extent this also continued practices in the ancient world.
Renaissance revival
Warrior supporting dying comrade. 1st century BC or AD.
The late medieval French and Burgundian courts collected and commissioned gems, and began to use them for portraits. The British Museum has what is probably a seated portrait of John, Duke of Berry in intaglio on a sapphire, and the Hermitage has a cameo head of Charles VII of France.[18]
Interest had also revived in Early Renaissance Italy, where Venice soon became a particular centre of production. Along with the Roman statues and sarcophagi being newly excavated, antique gems were prime sources for artists eager to regain a classical figurative vocabulary. Cast bronze copies of gems were made, which circulated around Italy, and later Europe.[19] Among very many examples of borrowings that can be traced confidently, the Felix or Diomedes gem owned by Lorenzo il Magnifico (see below), with an unusual pose, was copied by Leonardo da Vinci and may well have provided the "starting point" for one of Michelangelo's ignudi on the Sistine Chapel ceiling.[20] Another of Lorenzo's gems supplied, probably via a drawing by Perugino, a pose used by Raphael.[21]
By the 16th century carved and engraved gems were keenly collected across Europe for dedicated sections of a Gisela Richter observed in 1922.[22] Even today, Sir John Boardman admits that "We are sometimes at a loss to know whether what we are looking at belongs to the 1st or the 15th century AD, a sad confession for any art-historian."[23] Other Renaissance gems reveal their date by showing mythological scenes derived from literature that were not part of the visual reportoire in classical times, or borrowing compositions from Renaissance paintings, and using "compositions with rather more figures than any ancient engraver would have tolerated or attempted".[23] Among artists, the wealthy Rubens was a notable collector.[24]
Parallel traditions
Engraved gems occur in the Bible, especially when the hoshen and ephod worn by the High Priest are described; though these were inscribed with the names of the tribes of Israel in letters, rather than any images. A few identifiably Jewish gems survive from the classical world, including Persia, mostly with the owner's name in Hebrew, but some with symbols such as the menorah.[25] Many gems are inscribed in the Islamic world, typically with verses from the Koran, and sometimes gems in the Western tradition just contain inscriptions.
Many Asian and Middle Eastern cultures have their own traditions, although for example the important Chinese tradition of carved gemstones and hardstones, especially jade carving, is broader than the European one of concentration on a flattish faced stone that might fit into a ring. Seal engraving covers the inscription that is printed by stamping, which nearly always only contains script rather than images. Other decoration of the seal itself was not intended to be reproduced.
the Gemma Augustea cameo, in two layered onyx; 19 × 23 cm.
The iconography of gems is similar to that of coins, though more varied. Early gems mostly show animals. Gods, satyrs, and mythological scenes were common, and famous statues often represented - much modern knowledge of the poses of lost Greek cult statues such as Athena Promachos comes from the study of gems, which often have clearer images than coins.[26] A 6th(?) century BC Greek gem already shows Ajax committing suicide, with his name inscribed.[27] The story of Heracles was, as in other arts, the most common source of narrative subjects. A scene may be intended as the subject of an early Archaic gem, and certainly appears on 6th century examples from the later Archaic period.[28]
Portraits of monarchs are found from the Hellenistic period onwards, although as they do not usually have identifying inscriptions, many fine ones cannot be identified with a subject. In the Roman Imperial period, portraits of the imperial family were often produced for the court circle, and many of these have survived, especially a number of spectacular cameos from the time of Augustus. As private objects, produced no doubt by artists trained in the tradition of Hellenistic monarchies, their iconography is less inhibited than the public state art of the period about showing divine attributes as well as sexual matters.[29] The identity and interpretation of figures in the Gemma Augustea remains unclear. A number of gems from the same period contain scenes apparently from the lost epic on the Sack of Troy, of which the finest is by Dioskurides (Chatsworth House).[30]
Renaissance and later gems remain dominated by the Hellenistic reportoire of subjects, though portraits in contemporary styles were also produced.
The Coupe des Ptolémées (Cabinet des Médailles, Paris)
Famous collectors begin with King Mithridates VI of Pontus (d. 63 BC), whose collection was part of the booty of Pompey the Great, who donated it to the Temple of Jupiter in Rome.[31] Julius Caesar was determined to excel Pompey in this as in other areas, and later gave six collections to his own Temple of Venus Genetrix; according to Suetonius gems were among his varied collecting passions.[32] Many later emperors also collected gems. Chapters 4-6 of Book 37 of the Natural History of Pliny the Elder give a summary art history of the Greek and Roman tradition, and of Roman collecting. According to Pliny Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC) was the first Roman collector.[33]
As in later periods objects carved in the round from semi-precious stone were regarded as a similar category of object; these are also known as hardstone carvings. One of the largest, the Coupe des Ptolémées was probably donated to the Basilica of Saint-Denis, near Paris, by Charles the Bald, as the inscription on its former gem-studded gold Carolingian mounting stated; it may have belonged to Charlemagne. One of the best collections of such vessels, though mostly plain without carved decoration, was looted from Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade, and is in the Treasury of the Basilica of San Marco in Venice. Many of these retain the medieval mounts which adapted them for liturgical use.[34] Like the Coupe des Ptolémées, most objects in European museums lost these when they became objects of classicist interest from the Renaissance onwards, or when the mounts were removed for the value of the materials, as happened to many in the French Revolution.
The Gonzaga Cameo, carved of Indian sardonyx (Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg) The gem measures 15.7 × 11.8 cm.
The collection of 827 engraved gems of Pope Paul II,[35] which included the "Felix gem" of Diomedes with the Palladium,[36] was acquired by Lorenzo il Magnifico; the Medici collection included many other gems and was legendary, valued in inventories much higher than his Botticellis. Somewhat like Chinese collectors, Lorenzo had all his gems inscribed with his name.[37]
The Gonzaga Cameo passed through a series of famous collections before coming to rest in the Hermitage. First known in the collection of Isabella d'Este, it passed to the Gonzaga Dukes of Mantua, Emperor Rudolf II, Queen Christina of Sweden, Cardinal Decio Azzolini, Livio Odescalchi, Duke of Bracciano, and Pope Pius VI before Napoleon carried it off to Paris, where his Empress Joséphine gave it to Alexander I of Russia after Napoleon's downfall, as a token of goodwill.[38] It remains disputed whether the cameo is Alexandrian work of the 3rd century BC, or a Julio-Claudian imitation of the style from the 1st century AD.[39]
Three of the largest cameo gems from antiquity were created for members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty and seem to have survived above ground since antiquity. The large Gemma Augustea appeared in 1246 in the treasury of the Basilique St-Sernin, Toulouse. In 1533, King François I appropriated it and moved it to Paris, where it soon disappeared around 1590. Not long thereafter it was fenced for 12,000 gold pieces to Emperor Rudolph II; it remains in Vienna, alongside the Gemma Claudia. The largest flat engraved gem known from antiquity is the Great Cameo of France, which entered (or re-entered) the French royal collection in 1791 from the treasury of Sainte-Chapelle, where it had been since at least 1291.
1st century BC cameo with Troilus and Polyxena surprised by Achilles. Later mount.
In England, a false dawn of gem collecting was represented by Henry, Prince of Wales' purchase of the cabinet of the Flemish antiquary Abraham Gorlaeus in 1609,[40] and engraved gems featured among the antiquities assembled by Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel. Later in the century William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire, formed a collection of gems that is still conserved at Chatsworth.[41] In the eighteenth century a more discerning cabinet of gems was assembled by Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle, acting upon the advice of Francesco Maria Zanetti and Francesco Ficoroni; 170 of the Carlisle gems, both Classical and post-Classical, were purchased in 1890 for the British Museum.
By the mid-eighteenth century prices had reached such a level that major collections could only be formed by the very wealthy; lesser collectors had to make do with collecting plaster casts,[42] which was also very popular, or buying one of many sumptuously illustrated catalogues of collections that were published.[43] Catherine the Great's collection is in the Hermitage Museum; one large collection she had bought was the gems from the Orléans Collection.[44] Louis XV of France hired Dominique Vivant to assemble a collection for Madame de Pompadour.
Casts ("pastes") of gems in collector's cabinets
In the eighteenth century British aristocrats were able to outcompete even the agents for royal and princely collectors on the Continent, aided by connoisseur-dealers like Count Antonio Maria Zanetti and Philipp von Stosch. Zanetti travelled Europe in pursuit of gems hidden in private collections for the British aristocrats he tutored in connoisseurship;[45] his own collection was described in A.F. Gori, Le gemme antiche di Anton Maria Zanetti (Venice, 1750), illustrated with eighty plates of engravings from his own drawings. Baron Philipp von Stosch (1691–1757), a Prussian who lived in Rome and then Florence, was a major collector, as well as a dealer in engraved gems: "busy, unscrupulous, and in his spare time a spy for England in Italy".[46] Among his contemporaries, Stosch made his lasting impression with Gemmæ Antiquæ Cælatæ (Pierres antiques graveés) (1724), in which Bernard Picart's engravings reproduced seventy antique carved hardstones like onyx, jasper and carnelian from European collections. He also encouraged Johann Lorenz Natter (1705–1763) whom Stosch set to copying ancient carved gems in Florence. Frederick the Great of Prussia bought Stosch's collection in 1765 and built the Antique Temple in the park of the Sanssouci Palace to house his collections of ancient sculpture, coins and over 4,000 gems - the two were naturally often grouped together. The gems are now in the Antikensammlung Berlin.
The collection of "Consul" 4th Duke of Marlborough (1739–1817), "which the Duke kept in his bedroom and resorted to as a relief from his ambitious wife, his busy sister and his many children".[48] This included collections formerly owned by the Gonzagas of Mantua (later owned by Lord Arundel), the 2nd Earl of Bessborough, and the brother of Lord Chesterfield, who himself warned his son in one of his Letters against "days lost in poring upon imperceptible intaglios and cameos".[49] The collection, including its single most famous cameo, the "Marlborough gem" depicting an initiation of Cupid and Psyche, was dispersed after a sale in 1899, fortunately timed for the new American museums and provided the core of the collection of the Metropolitan in New York and elsewhere,[19] with the largest group still together being about 100 in the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore.[49]
Prince Stanisław Poniatowski (1754–1833) "commissioned about 2500 gems and encouraged the belief that they were, in fact, ancient." He presented a set of 419 plaster impressions of his collection to the King of Prussia which now form the Daktyliothek Poniatowski in Berlin, where they were recognised as modern in 1832, mainly because the signatures of ancient artists from very different times were found on gems in too consistent a style.[50]
The Punishment of Tityus, a rock crystal intaglio by Giovanni Bernardi.
As in other fields, not many ancient artists' names are known from literary sources, although some gems are signed. According to Pliny, Pyrgoteles was the only artist allowed to carve gems for the seal rings of Alexander the Great. Most of the most famous Roman artists were Greeks, like Dioskurides, who is thought to have produced the Gemma Augustea, and is recorded as the artist of the matching signet rings of Augustus - very carefully controlled, they allowed orders to be issued in his name by his most trusted associates. Other works survive signed by him (rather more than are all likely to be genuine), and his son Hyllos was also a gem engraver.[51]
The Anichini family were leading artists in Venice and elsewhere in the 15th and 16th centuries. Many Renaissance artists no doubt kept their activities quiet, as they were passing their products off as antique. Other specialist carvers included Giovanni Bernardi (1494–1553), Giovanni Jacopo Caraglio (c. 1500–1565), Giuseppe Antonio Torricelli (1662–1719), the German-Italian Anton Pichler (1697–1779) and his sons Giovanni and Luigi, Charles Christian Reisen (Anglo-Norwegian, 1680–1725). Other sculptors also carved gems, or had someone in their workshop who did. Leone Leoni said he personally spent two months on a double-sided cameo gem with portraits of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his wife and son.[52]
The Scot James Tassie (1735–1799), and his nephew William (1777–1860) developed methods for taking hard impressions from old gems, and also for casting new designs from carved wax in enamel, enabling a huge production of what are really imitation engraved gems. The fullest catalogue of his impressions ("Tassie gems") was published in 1791, with 15,800 items.[53] There are complete sets of the impressions in the Hermitage, the Victoria & Albert Museum in London, and in Edinburgh.[54] Other types of imitation became fashionable for ladies' brooches, such as ceramic cameos by Josiah Wedgwood in jasperware. The engraved gem fell permanently out of fashion from about the 1860s,[19] perhaps partly as a growing realization of the number of gems that were not what they seemed to be scared collectors. Among the last practitioners was James Robertson, who sensibly moved into the new art of photography.
The Portland Vase in Roman cameo glass in imitation of onyx.
Cameo glass was invented by the Romans in about 30BC to imitate engraved hardstone cameos, with the advantage that consistent layering could be achieved even on round vessels - impossible with natural gemstones. It was however very difficult to manufacture and surviving pieces, mostly famously the Portland Vase, are actually much rarer than Roman gemstone cameos. The technique was revived in the 18th and especially 19th centuries in England and elsewhere, and was most effectively used in French Art Nouveau glass that made no attempt to follow classical styles.
The Middle Ages, which lived by charters and other sealed documents, were at least as keen on using seals as the ancient world, now creating them for towns and church institutions, but they normally used metal matrices and signet rings. However some objects, like a 13th-century Venetian Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, mimicked the engraved gem.[55]
Another offshoot of the mania for engraved gems is the fine-grained slightly translucent stoneware called jasperware that was developed by Josiah Wedgwood and perfected in 1775.[56] Though white-on-blue matte jasperware is the most familiar Wedgwood ceramic line, still in production today and widely imitated since the mid-19th century, white-on-black was also produced. Wedgwood made notable jasperware copies of the Portland Vase and the Marlborough gem, a famous head of Antinous,[57] and interpreted in jasperware casts from antique gems by James Tassie. John Flaxman's neoclassical designs for jasperware were carried out in the extremely low relief typical of cameo production. Some other porcelain imitated three-layer cameos purely by paint, even in implausible objects like a flat Sèvres tea-tray of 1840.[58]
Gems were a favourite topic for antiquaries from the Renaissance onwards, culminating in the work of Philipp von Stosch, described above. Major progress in understanding Greek gems was made in the work of Adolf Furtwängler (1853–1907, father of the conductor, Wilhelm). Among recent scholars Sir John Boardman (b. 1927) has made a special contribution, again concentrating on Greek gems.
^ Fully half of the antique engraved gems in the Berlin museums and the British Museum are either sard or carnelian, Etta M. Saunders, noted (Saunders, "Goddess Riding a Goat-Bull Monster: A Ceres Zodiac Gem from the Walters Art Gallery" The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 49/50 (1991/1992;7-11) note 19. .
^ The three preeminent European collections of post-Classical engraved gems are the Cabinet des Médailles at the Bibliothèque National, Paris, the Habsburg collection, Vienna, and the British Museum, London, O. M. Dalton observed in "Mediæval and Later Engraved Gems in the British Museum — I" The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 23 No. 123 (June 1913:128-136) and "II" The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 24 No. 127 (October 1913:28-32).
^ Kornbluth, 8-16 quotes passages from Theophilius and others, and discusses various techniques. See Theophilius's article for full on-line texts.
^ Thoresen, "Gemstone enhancement"
^ Boardman, 39 See Beazley for more detail.
^ "Lenticular" or "lentoid" gems have the form of a lens.
^ Beazley, Later Archaic Greek gems: introduction.
^ Boardman, 68-69
^ Boardman, 129-130
^ Beazley, "Hellenistic gems: introduction"
^ Boardman, 275-6
^ Henderson, 112-113
^ De Natura fossilium Bk 1
^ Examples: 14th century French Crucifixion, Rosary pendant, 15th century, both onyx and in the MMA New York.
^ Kornbluth, 1, 4. Susanna Crystal, British Museum.
^ Kornbluth, 1, 4-6
^ Campbell, 411
^ a b c Draper, James David. "Cameo Appearances". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (August 2008)
^ Claire Clark, Kenneth in J. Farago (ed)Leonardo's projects, c. 1500-1519. Volume 3 of Leonardo da Vinci, selected scholarship, Publisher Taylor & Francis, 1999, ISBN 0-8153-2935-0, ISBN 978-0-8153-2935-0. p. 28/160 Google books. Image and description by Boardman
^ Henk Th. van Veen. The translation of Raphael's Roman style. Volume 22 of Groningen studies in cultural change, GSCC ; 22, p. 26, Peeters Publishers, 2007. ISBN 90-429-1855-1, ISBN 978-90-429-1855-9. Google books
^ "Nowadays, however, they have been somewhat neglected—probably because a genuine gem is difficult to distinguish from forged one, and collectors have grown timid in consequence" (Richter, "Engraved Gems" The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 17.9 (September 1922:193-196) p. 193
^ a b Beazley, Boardman lecture
^ Getty, Collectors
^ Beazley Archive, "Late Antique, Early Christian and Jewish gems: Sasanian gems - Christian and Jewish"
^ Numismatic evidence is the other most indicative evidence of the general pose of locally important cult images.
^ Beazley, Geometric and Early Archaic gems: Island gems 6th down.
^ Beazley, Archaic period pages
^ Hennig, 154-5. British Museum on the Blacas Cameo of Augustus.
^ Hennig, 153, Boardman, 275-6
^ Pliny, see below. Whether he was right to claim Mithridates as the first collector is dubious.
^ De Vita Caesarum, Divus Iulius, (The Lives of the Caesars, The Deified Julius), Fordham online text
^ Pliny, Natural History, xxxvii.5
^ Treasury of San Marco
^ Getty Collectors, under Pietro Barbó
^ It passed into the Arundel collection and came to Oxford: see Ashmolean image and description and Graham Pollard, "The Felix Gem at Oxford and its provenance" The Burlington Magazine 119 No. 893 (August 1977:574).
^ Lorenzo de'Medici, Collector of Antiquities', by Laurie Fusco & Gino Corti, Cambridge UP 2006, which gives a survey of early Renaissance collecting in general. On his signing his gems see Draper from IntroductionOnline: The
^ Gonzaga Cameo Exhibition in Mantua further details
^ Mantua exhibition
^ Roy Strong, Henry Prince of Wales and England's Lost Renaissance (1986:199).
^ Diana Scarisbrick, "The Devonshire Parure", Archaeologia 108 (1986:241).
^ "Sulphurs" provided even finer detail; James Tassie made a career of casting gems in plaster and in coloured opaque glass.
^ Apart from those mentioned below, there is information on other notable collections from the Getty Museum
^ Hermitage Museum
^ His correspondence with Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle is published by Diana Scarisbrick, "Gem Connoisseurship - The 4th Earl of Carlisle's Correspondence with Francesco de Ficoroni and Antonion Maria Zanetti", The Burlington Magazine 129No. 1007 (February 1987:90-104).
^ Beazley, Boardman Lecture
^ Towneley's were bought from his heirs, the others bequeathed. See King, 218-225 for a selection of highlights
^ Beazley, Marlborough Collection
^ a b Beazley, The Marlborough Gems, Boardman Lecture.
^ Beazley, The Poniatowski Collection of gems. More details in The Bernie Madoff of Gem Collectors
^ Boardman, 275-6. Hennig 153-4
^ Metropolitan
^ An earlier version is on Google books A Catalogue, Of Impressions In Sulphur: Of Antique And Modern Gems From Which Pastes Are Made And Sold (1775) (ISBN 110459093X / 1-104-59093-X)
^ Beazley, Tassie
^ picture and link
^ Robin Reilly, Wedgwood Jasper London, 1972.
^ Antinoos.info See "Gems" section for gem and casts etc
^ Sèvres tea-tray from the Metropolitan museum of Art
"Beazley" The Classical Art Research Centre, Oxford University. Beazley Archive - Extensive website on classical gems; page titles used as references
Boardman, John ed., The Oxford History of Classical Art, 1993, OUP, ISBN 0-19-814386-9
Campbell, Gordon (ed). The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts, Oxford University Press US, 2006, ISBN 0-19-518948-5, ISBN 978-0-19-518948-3 Google books
Furtwängler, Adolf. Die antiken Gemmen, 1900. This photo repertory was the cornerstone of modern studies.
Henderson, George. Early Medieval Art, 1972, rev. 1977, Penguin.
Henig, Martin (ed), A Handbook of Roman Art, Phaidon, 1983, ISBN 0-7148-2214-0
King, C. W.; Handbook of Engraved Gems, 1866, reprinted Kessinger Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-7661-5164-6, ISBN 978-0-7661-5164-2 Google books
Kornbluth, Genevra Alisoun. Engraved gems of the Carolingian empire, Penn State Press, 1995, ISBN 0-271-01426-1. Google books
Thoresen, Lisbet. "On Gemstones: Gemological and Analytical Studies of Ancient Intaglios and Cameos." In Ancient Glyptic Art- Gem Engraving and Gem Carving. LThoresen.com (February 2009)
Gems and gem engraving by Pliny the Younger
Beazley Archive - Extensive site on classical gems
Carvers and Collectors, a 2009 exhibition at the Getty Villa, with many features
Digital Library Numis (DLN) Online books and articles on engraved gems
The Johnston collection of engraved gems at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Damen, Giada. "Antique Engraved Gems and Renaissance Collectors", In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. online (March 2013)
Boardman, John. Island Gems, 1963.
Boardman, John. Archaic Greek Gems, 1968.
Brown, Clifford M. (ed). Engraved Gems : Survivals and Revivals, National Gallery of Art Washington, 1997. ISBN 0-89468-271-7, ISBN 978-0-89468-271-1
Seals (insignia)
Ancient Greek sculpture
Ancient Roman sculpture
Engraved gem artists
Hardstone carving
Jade, Mughal Empire, Onyx, Aztec, Sandstone
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Morphophonology
Title: Morphophonology
Subject: Linguistics, Morphology (linguistics), List of linguists, Chaha language, Proto-Algonquian language
Generative
Functional theories of grammar
Graphemics
Anthropological
Graphetics
Applied and experimental
Contrastive
Second-language acquisition
Language assessment
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List of linguists
Unsolved linguistics problems
Linguistics portal
Morphophonology (also morphophonemics, morphonology) is a branch of linguistics which studies the interaction between morphological and phonological or phonetic processes. Its chief focus is the sound changes that take place in morphemes (minimal meaningful units) when they combine to form words.
Morphophonological analysis often involves an attempt to give a series of formal rules that successfully predict the regular sound changes occurring in the morphemes of a given language. Such a series of rules converts a theoretical underlying representation into a surface form that is actually heard. The units of which the underlying representations of morphemes are composed are sometimes called morphophonemes. The surface form produced by the morphophonological rules may consist of phonemes (which are then subject to ordinary phonological rules to produce speech sounds or phones), or else the morphophonological analysis may bypass the phoneme stage and produce the phones itself.
1 Morphophonemes and morphophonological rules
2 Types of morphophonological changes
3 Relation between phonology and morphophonology
4 Isolation forms
5 Rule ordering
6 Morphophonology and orthography
Morphophonemes and morphophonological rules
When morphemes combine, they influence each other's sound structure (whether analyzed at a phonetic or phonemic level), resulting in different variant pronunciations for the same morpheme. Morphophonology attempts to analyze these processes. A language's morphophonological structure is generally described with a series of rules which, ideally, can predict every morphophonological alternation that takes place in the language.
An example of a morphophonological alternation in English is provided by the plural morpheme, written as "-s" or "-es". Its pronunciation alternates between [s], [z], and [ɪz], as in cats, dogs, and horses respectively. A purely phonological analysis would most likely assign to these three endings the phonemic representations /s/, /z/, /ɪz/. On a morphophonological level, however, they may all be considered to be forms of the underlying object //z//, which is a morphophoneme. The different forms it takes are dependent on the segment at the end of the morpheme to which it attaches – these dependencies are described by morphophonological rules. (The behaviour of the English past tense ending "-ed" is similar – it can be pronounced [t], [d] or [ɪd], as in hoped, bobbed and added.)
The plural suffix "-s" can also influence the form taken by the preceding morpheme, as in the case of the words leaf and knife, which end with [f] in the singular, but have [v] in the plural (leaves, knives). On a morphophonological level these morphemes may be analyzed as ending in a morphophoneme //F//, which becomes voiced when a voiced consonant (in this case the //z// of the plural ending) is attached to it. This rule may be written symbolically as: /F/ -> [αvoice] / __ [αvoice].
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, pipes (| |) are often used to indicate a morphophonemic rather than phonemic representation. Another common convention is double slashes (// //), as above, implying that the transcription is 'more phonemic than simply phonemic'. Other conventions sometimes seen are double pipes (|| ||) and curly brackets ({ }).
Types of morphophonological changes
Inflected and agglutinating languages may have extremely complicated systems of morphophonemics. Examples of complex morphophonological systems include:
Sandhi, the phenomenon behind the English examples of plural and past tense above, is found in virtually all languages to some degree. Even Mandarin, which is sometimes said to display no morphology, nonetheless displays tone sandhi, a morphophonemic alternation.
Consonant gradation, found in some Uralic languages such as Finnish, Estonian, Northern Sámi, and Nganasan.
Vowel harmony, which occurs in varying degrees in languages all around the world, notably Turkic languages.
Ablaut, found in English and other Germanic languages. Ablaut is the phenomenon wherein stem vowels change form depending on context, as in English sing, sang, sung.
Relation between phonology and morphophonology
Until the 1950s, many phonologists assumed that neutralizing rules generally applied before allophonic rules. Thus phonological analysis was split into two parts: a morphophonological part, where neutralizing rules were developed to derive phonemes from morphophonemes; and a purely phonological part, where phones were derived from the phonemes. Since the 1960s (in particular with the work of the generative school, such as Chomsky and Halle's The Sound Pattern of English) many linguists have moved away from making such a split, instead regarding the surface phones as being derived from the underlying morphophonemes (which may be referred to using various terminology) through a single system of (morpho)phonological rules.
The purpose of both phonemic and morphophonemic analysis is to produce simpler underlying descriptions for what appear on the surface to be complicated patterns. In purely phonemic analysis the data is just a set of words in a language, while for the purposes of morphophonemic analysis the words must be considered in grammatical paradigms to take account of the underlying morphemes. It is postulated that morphemes are recorded in the speaker's "lexicon" in an invariant (morphophonemic) form, which, in a given environment, is converted by rules into a surface form. The analyst attempts to present as completely as possible a system of underlying units (morphophonemes) and a series of rules that act on them, so as to produce surface forms consistent with the linguistic data.
Isolation forms
The isolation form of a morpheme is the form in which that morpheme appears in isolation (when not subject to the effects of any other morpheme). In the case of a bound morpheme, such as the English past tense ending "-ed", it will generally not be possible to identify an isolation form, since such a morpheme does not occur in isolation.
It is often reasonable to assume that the isolation form of a morpheme provides its underlying representation. For example, in some varieties of American English, plant is pronounced [plænt], while planting is [ˈplænɪŋ], where the morpheme "plant-" appears in the form [plæn]. Here the underlying form can be assumed to be //plænt//, corresponding to the isolation form, since rules can be set up to derive the reduced form [plæn] from this (while it would be difficult or impossible to set up rules that would derive the isolation form [plænt] from an underlying //plæn//).
This is not always the case, however; sometimes the isolation form itself is subject to neutralization that does not apply to some other instances of the morpheme. For example, the French word petit ("small") is pronounced in isolation without the final [t] sound, although in certain derived forms (such as the feminine petite) the [t] is heard. If the isolation form were adopted as the underlying form, the information that there is a final "t" would be lost, and it would be hard then to explain the appearance of the "t" in the inflected forms.
Rule ordering
Morphophonology and orthography
The principle behind alphabetic writing systems is that the letters (graphemes) represent phonemes. However in many orthographies based on such systems the correspondences between graphemes and phonemes are not exact, and it is sometimes the case that certain spellings better represent a word's morphophonological structure rather than the purely phonological. An example of this is that the English plural morpheme is written -s regardless of whether it is pronounced as /s/ or /z/; we write cats and dogs, not dogz.
The above example involves active morphology (inflection), and morphophonemic spellings are common in this context in many languages. Another type of spelling that can be described as morphophonemic is the kind that reflects the etymology of words. Such spellings are particularly common in English; examples include science /saɪ/ vs. unconscious /ʃ/, prejudice /prɛ/ vs. prequel /priː/, sign /saɪn/ signature /sɪɡn/, nation /neɪ/ vs. nationalism /næ/, and special /spɛ/ vs. species /spiː/.
For more detail on this topic, see Phonemic orthography, in particular the section on Morphophonemic features.
Hayes, Bruce (2009). "Morphophonemic Analysis" Introductory Phonology, pp. 161–185. Blackwell
Morphophonology, Phoneme, Linguistics, Syntax, Semantics
Proto-Algonquian language
Algonquian languages, Eastern Algonquian languages, Central Algonquian languages, Plains Algonquian languages, Cree language
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Title: Protestant
Subject: Protestant Church in the Netherlands, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Free Methodist Church, Pierre Allix, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), United Methodist Church, United Reformed Church, Evangelical Church in Germany, Church of God in Christ, Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
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(The Ninety-Five Theses)
Pre-Reformation movements
Hussites
Lollards
Waldensians
Reformation era movements
Anabaptism
Counter-Reformation
Dissenters and Nonconformism
Polish Brethren
Remonstrants
Protestantism is one of the major divisions within Christianity. It has been defined as "any of several church denominations denying the universal authority of the Pope and affirming the Reformation principles of justification by faith alone, the priesthood of all believers, and the primacy of the Bible as the only source of revealed truth" and, more broadly, to mean Christianity outside "of an Orthodox or Catholic church".[1]
It is a movement that is widely seen as beginning in Germany by Martin Luther with The Ninety-Five Theses in 1517 as a reaction against medieval doctrines and practices, especially in regard to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology. The doctrines of the over 33,000 Protestant denominations vary, but most include justification by grace through faith alone, known as Sola Gratia and Sola Fide respectively, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the supreme authority in matters of faith and morals, known as Sola Scriptura, Latin for "by scripture alone".
In the 16th century, the followers of Martin Luther established the evangelical (Lutheran) churches of Germany and Scandinavia. Reformed churches in Hungary, Scotland, Switzerland and France were established by other reformers such as John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox. The Church of England declared independence from papal authority in 1534, and was influenced by some Reformation principles, notably during the English Civil War. There were also reformation movements throughout continental Europe known as the Radical Reformation which gave rise to the Anabaptist, Moravian, and other pietistic movements.
2 Luther's 95 theses
3 Protestant doctrines
4.1 Proto-Reformation
4.2 Reformation Proper
5 Fundamental principles
6 Denominations
6.1 Anglicanism
6.2 Main denominational families
6.3 Historical chart
7 Theological tenets of the Reformation
8 Christ's presence in the Lord's Supper
9 Catholicism
10 Radical Reformation
11 Movements
11.1 Pietism and Methodism
11.2 Evangelicalism
11.3 Adventism
11.4 Modernism and Liberalism
11.5 Pentecostalism
11.6 Fundamentalism
11.7 Neo-orthodoxy and Paleo-orthodoxy
11.8 Biblical Unitarian Movement
12 Protestant culture
13 Ecumenism
The exact origin of the term protestant is unsure, and may come either from French protestant or German Protestant. However, it is certain that both languages derived their word from the Latin: protestantem, meaning "one who publicly declares/protests",[2] which refers to the letter of protestation by Lutheran princes against the decision of the Diet of Speyer in 1529, which reaffirmed the edict of the Diet of Worms in 1521, banning Martin Luther's 95 theses of protest against some beliefs and practices of the early 16th century Catholic Church.
The term protestant was not initially applied to the reformers, but later was used to describe all groups protesting Roman Catholic orthodoxy. Since that time, the term protestant has been used in many different senses, often as a general term merely to signify Christians who belong to none of the churches of Catholic tradition (Roman, Orthodox, Monophysite or Nestorian Churches).
Luther's 95 theses
In 1517, Martin Luther, a German Augustinian friar, published The Ninety-Five Theses. Popular history holds that these theses were nailed to a church door in the university town of Wittenberg by Luther himself, but this claim has recently come under scrutiny (see article on Martin Luther for discussion). Luther's propositions challenged some portions of Roman Catholic doctrine and a number of specific practices.
Luther was particularly criticizing a common church practice of the day, the selling of indulgences. In Catholic theology, an indulgence was the full or partial remission of temporal punishment due for sins which have already been forgiven. However, Pope Leo X had declared that indulgences were not only for the remission of temporal punishment, but also for guilt itself. (In other words, buying forgiveness.) To Luther, it appeared that selling indulgences was tantamount to selling salvation, something that he felt was against both biblical teaching and Roman Catholic doctrine. At the time, Rome was using the sale of indulgences as a means to raise money for a massive church project, the construction of St. Peter's Basilica.
The Disputation of Doctor Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences (commonly known as The Ninety-Five Theses)[3] was a request for a formal disputation that criticized the practice of selling indulgences. This kind of disputation was a common academic exercise during this era. Luther maintained that justification (salvation) was granted by faith alone, saying that good works and the sacraments were not necessary in order to be saved. A copy of the disputation eventually made it to the hands of the regional bishop, who in turn forwarded the disputation to Rome.[4]
Protestant doctrines
Although the doctrines of Protestant denominations are far from uniform, some beliefs extending across Protestantism are the doctrines of sola scriptura and sola fide.
Sola scriptura maintains that the Bible (rather than church tradition or ecclesiastical interpretations of the Bible)[5] is the primary and supreme source of binding authority for all Christians. This does not exclude other sources of binding authority, rather it places other forms of authority in subordination to the authority of scripture.
Sola fide holds that salvation comes by grace through faith alone, rather than through good works.
Protestant churches generally reject the Catholic doctrines of papal supremacy and magisterial authority, including both papal infallibility and the general infallibility of the Church. Because of this, Protestant ministers and church leaders have somewhat different roles and authority in their communities than do Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox priests and bishops.
Main article: History of Protestantism
Proto-Reformation
Peter Waldo, founder of the Waldensians, proto-reformed group that continues to exist to this day in Italy.
John Wycliffe, English reformer, the "Morning Star of Reformation".
Jan Hus, Catholic priest and professor, influenced by John Wycliff's writings, founder of an early Protestant church (Moravians), Czech reformist/dissident; burned to death in Constance, Holy Roman Empire in 1415 by Roman Catholic Church authorities "for unrepentant and persistent heresy." After the devastations of the Hussite Wars some of his followers founded the Unitas Fratrum in 1457, "Unity of the Brethren", which was renewed under the leadership of Count Zinzendorf in Herrnhut, Saxony in 1722 after its almost total destruction in the 30 Years War and Counter-Reformation. Today it is usually referred to in English as the Moravian Church, in German the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeinde.
Reformation Proper
Main article: Protestant reformation
Jacobus Arminius, Dutch theologian, founder of school of thought known as Arminianism.
Heinrich Bullinger, successor of Zwingli, leading reformed theologian.
John Calvin, French theologian, reformer and resident of Geneva, Switzerland, he founded the school of theology known as Calvinism.
Balthasar Hubmaier, influential Anabaptist theologian, author of numerous works during his five years of ministry, tortured at Zwingli's behest, and executed in Vienna.
John Knox, Scottish Calvinist and leader of the Scottish Reformation.
Martin Luther, church reformer, Father of Protestantism,[6][7] theological works guided those now known as Lutherans.
Philipp Melanchthon, early Lutheran leader.
Menno Simons, Anabaptist leader who, through his writings, articulated and thereby formalized Mennonitism.
John Smyth, early Baptist leader.
Huldrych Zwingli, founder of Swiss reformed tradition.
The Protestant Reformation of the early 16th century began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church. German theologian Martin Luther wrote his Ninety-Five Theses on the sale of indulgences in 1517. Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in Switzerland under the leadership of Ulrich Zwingli. The political separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII, beginning in 1529 and completed in 1536, brought England alongside this broad reformed movement. The Scottish Reformation of 1560 decisively shaped the Church of Scotland[8] and, through it, all other Presbyterian churches worldwide.
Following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. In the course of this religious upheaval, the German Peasants' War of 1524–1525 swept through the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities. After the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion (1562–1598), the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Thirty Years' War of 1618–1648. This left Germany weakened and fragmented for more than two centuries, until the unification of Germany under the German Empire of 1871.
The success of the Counter-Reformation on the continent and the growth of a Puritan party dedicated to further protestant reform polarized the Elizabethan Age, although it was not until the Civil War of the 1640s that England underwent religious strife comparable to that which its neighbours had suffered some generations before.
The "Great Awakenings" were periods of rapid and dramatic religious revival in Anglo-American religious history, generally recognized as beginning in the 1730s. They have also been described as periodic revolutions in colonial religious thought.
In the 20th century, protestantism, especially in the United States, was characterized by accelerating fragmentation. The century saw the rise of both liberal and conservative splinter groups, as well as a general secularization of Western society. Notable developments in the 20th century of American protestantism were the rise of Pentecostalism, Christian fundamentalism and Evangelicalism. While these movements have spilled over to Europe to a limited degree, the development of protestantism in Europe was more dominated by secularization, leading to an increasingly "post-Christian Europe".
The three fundamental principles of traditional Protestantism are the following:
Scripture alone
The belief in the Bible as the supreme source of authority for the church. The early churches of the Reformation believed in a critical, yet serious, reading of scripture and holding the Bible as a source of authority higher than that of church tradition. The many abuses that had occurred in the Western Church prior to the Protestant Reformation led the reformers to reject much of the tradition of the Western Church, though some would maintain tradition has been maintained and reorganized in the liturgy and in the confessions of the Protestant churches of the Reformation. In the early 20th century there developed a less critical reading of the Bible in the United States that has led to a "fundamentalist" reading of scripture. Christian fundamentalists read the Bible as the "inerrant, infallible" word of God, as do the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican churches, to name a few, but interpret it in a more literal way.
"The subjective principle of the Reformation is justification by faith alone, or, rather, by free grace through faith operative in good works. It has reference to the personal appropriation of the Christian salvation and aims to give all glory to Christ by declaring that the sinner is justified before God (i.e., is acquitted of guilt and declared righteous) solely on the ground of the all-sufficient merits of Christ as apprehended by a living faith, in opposition to the theory — then prevalent and substantially sanctioned by the Council of Trent — which makes faith and good works coordinate sources of justification, laying the chief stress upon works. Protestantism does not depreciate good works, but it denies their value as sources or conditions of justification and insists on them as the necessary fruits of faith and evidence of justification."[9]
Universal priesthood of believers
The universal priesthood of believers implies the right and duty of the Christian laity not only to read the Bible in the vernacular, but also to take part in the government and all the public affairs of the Church. It is opposed to the hierarchical system which puts the essence and authority of the Church in an exclusive priesthood, and makes ordained priests the necessary mediators between God and the people.[9]
Main article: Protestants by country
Protestants refer to specific groupings of churches that share in common foundational doctrines and the name of their groups as "denominations". They are differently named parts of the whole "church"; Protestants reject the Roman Catholic doctrine that it is the one true church. Some Protestant denominations are less accepting of other denominations, and the basic orthodoxy of some is questioned by most of the others. Individual denominations also have formed over very subtle theological differences. Other denominations are simply regional or ethnic expressions of the same beliefs. Because the five solas are the main tenets of the Protestant faith, Non-denominational groups and organizations are also considered Protestant. Due to all these factors, an exact count is not possible, but it is estimated that there are approximately 33,000 Protestant denominations.[10]
Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of the various divided Protestant denominations, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions, as there is no overarching authority to which any of the churches owe allegiance, which can authoritatively define the faith. Most denominations share common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith while differing in many secondary doctrines, although what is major and what is secondary is a matter of idiosyncratic belief.
There are about 800 million Protestants worldwide,[11] among approximately 2.1 billion Christians.[12][13] These include 170 million in North America, 160 million in Africa, 120 million in Europe, 70 million in Latin America, 60 million in Asia, and 10 million in Oceania.
Protestants can be differentiated according to how they have been influenced by important movements since the magisterial Reformation and the Puritan Reformation in England. Some of these movements have a common lineage, sometimes directly spawning later movements in the same groups. Only general families are listed here (due to the above-stated multitude of denominations); some of these groups do not consider themselves as part of the Protestant movement, but are generally viewed as such by the public at large.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, known as Mormons, are attributed[by whom?] as Protestants. Mormons do not adhere to most Protestant principles. Contrary to traditional Christian practice, Mormons believe in a priesthood organization consisting of prophets, apostles, patriarchs, high priests, elders, priests, teachers, and deacons.[14] Mormons do not hold to sola scriptura.[15] Mormons hold to a literal priesthood authority given to worthy male members to teach the Gospel and administer its ordinances.[16] Neither do they hold to the sola fide. Mormons hold to combined efforts of deity and man to achieve salvation, that salvation is through the atonement of Jesus Christ and obedience to the laws and ordinances of the Gospel, and that covenants are made to establish the standards necessary for salvation.[17] Mormons have fervent convictions in Jesus Christ, but due to the radical differences of their additional texts and belief structure, they are frequently not listed as Christians.[18]
The original separation of the Church of England (then including the Wales) and the Church of Ireland from Rome under King Henry VIII was largely political and its religious dimension smaller than some historians have assumed.[19] Apart from the introduction of the vernacular "Great Bible" in 1539 and a few minor changes, official stances on Christian faith and practice remained virtually unchanged until Henry's death.[20] A "programme of coherent Protestant reform" was implemented after his death by the Privy Council, its chief component being Cranmer's two Books of Common Prayer of 1549 and 1552.[20] This reform was reversed by Mary Tudor(1553-8) but restored in a slightly more conservative shape by Elizabeth I in 1559, who resisted all attempts to move the Church of England towards a more extreme form of Protestantism.[20]
In the 19th century some of the Tractarians argued that the Church of England and the other Anglican churches were not Protestant but a "reformed Catholic" or middle path (via media) between Rome and Protestantism. This assertion was attacked by, among others, the Church Association.[21] Today, the Anglican Communion continues to be composed of theologically diverse traditions, from reformed Sydney Anglicanism to Anglo-Catholicism, but the general understanding of its position is now that it contains both "Catholic" and "Protestant" elements of doctrine and practice.[22]
Main denominational families
Christian Denominations
in English-speaking countries
Australian Christian bodies
Australian Interchurch
Australian Evangelical Alliance • site
Catholic & Anglican
Anglican Church of Australia
Holiness & Pietist
Christian Outreach Centre
Historical Protestantism
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Open Brethren
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Antiochian Orthodox of Australia & New Z.
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Non-Chalcedonic
Coptic Orthodox Church in Australia
Pentecostal & Related
Australian Christian Churches (AOG)
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CRC Churches International
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Lutheran Church–Canada
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United Church of Canada
Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese, N.Am.
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Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada
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Coptic Orthodox Church in Canada
Apostolic Church of Pentecost
Canadian Assemblies of God
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Intl. Pentecostal Holiness Church
Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada
Oneness Pentecostal
United Pentecostal Church Intl.
Presbyterian & Reformed
Canadian and American Reformed Churches
Christian Reformed Church in North America
L'Église réformée du Québec
Presbyterian Church in Canada
Presbyterian Church in America
Reformed Church in America
Messianic Jewish Alliance of America
Plymouth Brethren
Seventh-day Adventists, North America
Vineyard Canada
Christian denominations in the UK
UK Interchurch
Affinity (formerly British Evangelical Council)
Churches Together in Britain & Ireland
Evangelical Alliance, UK
Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches
Churches Together in England
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Associating Evangelical Churches of Wales • site
Churches Together in Wales
Evangelical Movement of Wales
Free Church of England
Scottish Episcopal Church
Church in Wales
Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland
Baptist Union of Great Britain
Baptist Union of Scotland
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Grace Baptist Assembly
Old Baptist Union
British Old Catholic Church • site
Old Catholic Church in Europe
Old Catholic Mariavite Church
Old Catholic Church of Great Britain
British Moravian Church
Wesleyan Holiness Church
Evangelical Lutheran Church of England
Lutheran Church in Great Britain
Methodist & Wesleyan
Free Methodist of the UK
Methodist Church of Great Britain
Methodist Church in Ireland
Wesleyan Reform Union
New Church Movement
Vineyard Churches UK
Ichthus Christian Fellowship
Newfrontiers
Pioneer Church • site
Eastern Orthodox Church
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of G.B.
Russian Orthodox Diocese, G.B. & Ire.
Russian Tradition Vicariate, G.B. & Ire.
Oriental Orthodox Church
British Orthodox Church
Celtic Orthodox Church
Elim Pentecostal Church
Foursquare Gospel Church
Asso. Presbyterian Churches, Scotland
Congregational Federation
Free Church of Scotland
Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)
Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland
Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster
Non-subscribing Presbyterian, Ireland
Presbyterian Church in Ireland
Presbyterian Church of Wales
Reformed Presbyterian Church
United Free Church of Scotland
Brethren in Christ
Fellowship of Ind. Evangelical Churches
Quakers/ Britain Yearly Meeting
Quakers/ Ireland Yearly Meeting
United States Christian bodies
U.S. Interchurch
Anabaptist and Friends
American Baptist Association
American Baptist Churches
Baptist Bible Fellowship International
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Conservative Baptist Association of America
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches
National Association of Free Will Baptists
National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.
African-American Baptist
National Baptist Convention of America
National Missionary Baptist Convention of America
Catholic and Anglican
Holiness and Pietist
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)
Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
North American Lutheran Church
African Methodist Episcopal Church
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese
Armenian Apostolic of Am.
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)
Church on the Rock International
Full Gospel Fellowship
International Pentecostal Holiness Church
Pentecostal Assemblies of the World
Conservative Congregational Christian Conference
Cumberland Presbyterian Church
Korean Presbyterian Church in America
International Council of Community Churches
National Asso. of Congregational Christian Churches
National Association of Congregational Christian Churches
Stone-Campbell
Christian churches and churches of Christ
International Churches of Christ
Grace Gospel Fellowship
Independent Fundamental Churches of America
Interdenominational Associations
Denominational Associations
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World Convention of Churches of Christ
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All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC)
Association of Evangelicals of Africa (AEA)
All Africa Baptist Fellowship
Africa Lutheran Communion
Christian Conference of Asia (CCA)
Evangelical Fellowship of Asia
Asia Pacific Baptist Federation
Asia Lutheran Communion
Caribbean Conference of Churches (CCC)
Evangelical Association of the Caribbean
Caribbean Baptist Fellowship
Conference of European Churches (CEC)
European Evangelical Alliance
European Baptist Federation
Pentecostal European Fellowship
Middle East Council of Churches (MECC)
Latin American Council of Churches (CLAI)
Latin American Evangelical Fellowship (FIDE)
Union of Baptists in Latin America
North American Baptist Fellowship
Standing Conference of Orthodox Bishops in America
Pacific Conference of Churches (PCC)
Evangelical Fellowship of the South Pacific (EFSP)
(Alphabetical)
Anglican (disputed)
Historical chart
Theological tenets of the Reformation
Main article: Five solas
The Five Solas are five Latin phrases (or slogans) that emerged during the Protestant Reformation and summarize the reformers' basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the Catholic Church of the day. The Latin word sola means "alone", "only", or "single".
The use of the phrases as summaries of teaching emerged over time during the reformation, based on the overarching principle of sola scriptura (by scripture alone). This idea contains the four main doctrines on the Bible: that its teaching is needed for salvation (necessity); that all the doctrine necessary for salvation comes from the Bible alone (sufficiency); that everything taught in the Bible is correct (inerrancy); and that, by the Holy Spirit overcoming sin, believers may read and understand truth from the Bible itself, though understanding is difficult, so the means used to guide individual believers to the true teaching is often mutual discussion within the church (clarity).
The necessity and inerrancy were well-established ideas, garnering little criticism, though they later came under debate from outside during the Enlightenment. The most contentious idea at the time though was the notion that anyone could simply pick up the Bible and learn enough to gain salvation. Though the reformers were concerned with ecclesiology (the doctrine of how the church as a body works), they had a different understanding of the process in which truths in scripture were applied to life of believers, compared to the Catholics' idea that certain people within the church, or ideas that were old enough, had a special status in giving understanding of the text.
The second main principle, sola fide (by faith alone), states that faith in Christ is sufficient alone for eternal salvation. Though argued from scripture, and hence logically consequent to sola scriptura, this is the guiding principle of the work of Luther and the later reformers. Because sola scriptura placed the Bible as the only source of teaching, sola fide epitomises the main thrust of the teaching the reformers wanted to get back to, namely the direct, close, personal connection between Christ and the believer, hence the reformers' contention that their work was Christocentric.
The other solas, as statements, emerged later, but the thinking they represent was also part of the early reformation.
Solus Christus: Christ alone.
The Protestants characterize the dogma concerning the Pope as Christ's representative head of the Church on earth, the concept of works made meritorious by Christ, and the Catholic idea of a treasury of the merits of Christ and his saints, as a denial that Christ is the only mediator between God and man. Catholics, on the other hand, maintained the traditional understanding of Judaism on these questions, and appealed to the universal consensus of Christian tradition.[23]
Sola Gratia: Grace alone.
Protestants perceived Roman Catholic salvation to be dependent upon the grace of God and the merits of one's own works. The reformers posited that salvation is a gift of God (i.e., God's act of free grace), dispensed by the Holy Spirit owing to the redemptive work of Jesus Christ alone. Consequently, they argued that a sinner is not accepted by God on account of the change wrought in the believer by God's grace, and that the believer is accepted without regard for the merit of his works, for no one deserves salvation. [Matt. 7:21]]
Soli Deo Gloria: Glory to God alone
All glory is due to God alone since salvation is accomplished solely through his will and action — not only the gift of the all-sufficient atonement of Jesus on the cross but also the gift of faith in that atonement, created in the heart of the believer by the Holy Spirit. The reformers believed that human beings — even saints canonized by the Catholic Church, the popes, and the ecclesiastical hierarchy — are not worthy of the glory.
Christ's presence in the Lord's Supper
Main articles: Real Presence and Eucharist
The Protestant movement began to diverge into several distinct branches in the mid-to-late 16th century. One of the central points of divergence was controversy over the Lord's Supper. Early Protestants rejected the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, which teaches that the bread and wine used in the sacrificial rite of the Mass lose their natural substance by being transformed into the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ. They disagreed with one another concerning the presence of Christ and his body and blood in Holy Communion.
Lutherans hold that within the Lord's Supper the consecrated elements of bread and wine are the true body and blood of Christ "in, with, and under the form" of bread and wine for all those who eat and drink it, [1Cor 10:16]] [11:20,27]] [24] a doctrine that the Formula of Concord calls the Sacramental union.[25] God earnestly offers to all who receive the sacrament, [Lk 22:19-20]][26] forgiveness of sins, [Mt 26:28]][27] and eternal salvation.[28]
The reformed closest to Calvin emphasize the real presence, or sacramental presence, of Christ, saying that the sacrament is a means of saving grace through which only the elect believer actually partakes of Christ, but merely with the bread and wine rather than in the elements. Calvinists deny the Lutheran assertion that all communicants, both believers and unbelievers, orally receive Christ's body and blood in the elements of the sacrament but instead affirm that Christ is united to the believer through faith — toward which the supper is an outward and visible aid. This is often referred to as dynamic presence.
A Protestant holding a popular simplification of the Zwinglian view, without concern for theological intricacies as hinted at above, may see the Lord's Supper merely as a symbol of the shared faith of the participants, a commemoration of the facts of the crucifixion, and a reminder of their standing together as the body of Christ (a view referred to somewhat derisively as memorialism).
The official view of the Catholic Church on the matter is that Protestant denominations cannot be considered "churches" but rather that they are ecclesial communities or "specific faith-believing communities" because their ordinances and doctrines are not historically the same as the Catholic sacraments and dogmas, and the Protestant communities have no sacramental/ministerial priesthood and therefore lack true apostolic succession.[29][30] According to Bishop Hilarion (Alfeyev) the Orthodox Church shares the same opinion on the subject.[31]
Contrary to how the Protestant reformers were often characterized, the concept of a catholic or universal Church was not brushed aside during the Protestant Reformation. On the contrary, the visible unity of the Catholic Church was an important and essential doctrine of the Reformation. The Magisterial Reformers, such as Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Ulrich Zwingli, believed that they were "reforming" the Catholic Church, which they viewed as having become corrupted. Each of them took very seriously the charges of schism and innovation, denying these charges and maintaining that it was the Catholic Church that had left them.[32] In order to justify their departure from the Catholic Church, Protestants often posited a new argument, saying that there was no real visible Church with divine authority, only a "spiritual", "invisible", and "hidden" church— this notion began in the early days of the Protestant Reformation.
Wherever the Magisterial Reformation, which received support from the ruling authorities, took place, the result was a reformed national Protestant church envisioned to be a part of the whole "invisible church", but disagreeing, in certain important points of doctrine and doctrine-linked practice, with what had until then been considered the normative reference point on such matters, namely the Papacy and central authority of the Catholic Church. The reformed churches thus believed in some form of Catholicity, founded on their doctrines of the five solas and a visible ecclesiastical organization based on the 14th and 15th century Conciliar movement, rejecting the papacy and papal infallibility in favor of ecumenical councils, but rejecting the latest ecumenical council, the Council of Trent. Religious unity therefore became not one of doctrine and identity but one of invisible character, wherein the unity was one of faith in Jesus Christ, not common identity, doctrine, belief, and collaborative action.
Today there is a growing movement of Protestants, especially of the Calvinist tradition, that reject the designation "Protestant" because of its negative "anti-Catholic" connotations, preferring the designation "reformed", "evangelical" or even "reformed Catholic" expressive of what they call a "Reformed Catholicity"[33] and defending their arguments from the traditional Protestant confessions.[34]
Radical Reformation
Main article: Radical Reformation
Unlike mainstream Evangelical (Lutheran), Reformed (Zwinglian and Calvinist) Protestant movements, the Radical Reformation, which had no state sponsorship, generally abandoned the idea of the "Church visible" as distinct from the "Church invisible". It was a rational extension of the state-approved Protestant dissent, which took the value of independence from constituted authority a step further, arguing the same for the civic realm.
Protestant ecclesial leaders such as Hubmaier and Hofmann preached the invalidity of infant baptism, advocating baptism as following conversion, called "believer's baptism", instead. This was not a doctrine new to the reformers, but was taught by earlier groups, such the Albigenses in 1147.
In the view of many associated with the Radical Reformation, the Magisterial Reformation had not gone far enough, with radical reformer, Andreas von Bodenstein Karlstadt, for example, referring to the Lutheran theologians at Wittenberg as the "new papists".[35] A more political side of the Radical Reformation can be seen in the thought and practice of Hans Hut, although typically Anabaptism has been associated with pacifism.
Early Anabaptists were severely persecuted by Lutheran, Reformed, and Roman Catholic civil authorities.
Pietism and Methodism
Main articles: Pietism and Methodism
The German Pietist movement, together with the influence of the Puritan Reformation in England in the 17th century, were important influences upon John Wesley and Methodism, as well as new groups such as the Religious Society of Friends ("Quakers") and the Moravian Brethren from Herrnhut, Saxony, Germany.
The practice of a spiritual life, typically combined with social engagement, predominates in classical Pietism, which was a protest against the doctrine-centered "Protestant orthodoxy" of the times, in favor of depth of religious experience. Many of the more conservative Methodists went on to form the Holiness movement, which emphasized a rigorous experience of holiness in practical, daily life.
Main article: Evangelicalism
Beginning at the end of 18th century, several international revivals of Pietism (such as the Great Awakening and the Second Great Awakening) took place across denominational lines, largely in the English-speaking world. Their teachings and successor groupings are referred to generally as the Evangelical movement. The chief emphases of this movement were individual conversion, personal piety and Bible study, public morality often including temperance and abolitionism, de-emphasis of formalism in worship and in doctrine, a broadened role for laity (including women) in worship, evangelism and teaching, and cooperation in evangelism across denominational lines. Some of the Major figures in this movement include Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott, and Martyn Lloyd-Jones.
During the 20th century evangelicals reacted to perceived excesses of Christian fundamentalism, adding to concern for biblical authority, an emphasis on liberal arts, cooperation among churches, Christian apologetics, and non-denominational evangelization.
Main article: Adventism
Adventism is a Christian movement which began in the 19th century, in the context of the Second Great Awakening in the United States. The name refers to belief in the imminent Second Coming (or "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ. It was started by Baptist minister William Miller, whose followers became known as Millerites. Today, the largest church within the movement is the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
The Adventist family of churches is regarded today as conservative Sabbath.
Modernism and Liberalism
Main article: Liberal Christianity
Modernism and liberalism do not constitute rigorous and well-defined schools of theology, but are rather an inclination by some writers and teachers to integrate Christian thought into the spirit of the Age of Enlightenment. New understandings of history and the natural sciences of the day led directly to new approaches to theology.
Main article: Pentecostalism
Pentecostalism, as a movement, began in the United States early in the 20th century, starting especially within the Holiness movement. Seeking a return to the operation of New Testament gifts of the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues as evidence of the "baptism of the Holy Ghost" or to make the unbeliever believe became the leading feature. Divine healing and miracles were also emphasized. Pentecostalism swept through much of the Holiness movement, and eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations in the United States. A later "charismatic" movement also stressed the gifts of the Spirit, but often operated within existing denominations, rather than by coming out of them.
Main article: Christian fundamentalism
In reaction to liberal Bible critique, fundamentalism arose in the 20th century, primarily in the United States, among those denominations most affected by Evangelicalism.
Toward the end of the 20th century, some have tended to confuse evangelicalism and fundamentalism, however the labels represent very distinct differences of approach that both groups are diligent to maintain, although because of fundamentalism's dramatically smaller size it often gets classified simply as an ultra-conservative branch of evangelicalism.
Neo-orthodoxy and Paleo-orthodoxy
Main articles: Neo-orthodoxy and Paleo-orthodoxy
A non-fundamentalist rejection of liberal Christianity, associated primarily with Karl Barth and Jürgen Moltmann, neo-orthodoxy sought to counter-act the tendency of liberal theology to make theological accommodations to modern scientific perspectives. Sometimes called "Crisis theology", according to the influence of philosophical existentialism on some important segments of the movement; also, somewhat confusingly, sometimes called neo-evangelicalism.
Paleo-orthodoxy is a movement similar in some respects to neo-evangelicalism but emphasizing the ancient Christian consensus of the undivided church of the first millennium AD, including in particular the early creeds and church councils as a means of properly understanding the scriptures. This movement is cross-denominational and the most notable exponent in the movement is United Methodist theologian Thomas Oden.
Biblical Unitarian Movement
In the mainstream of the Protestant Reformation there is the Biblical Unitarian Movement.[37] Today, biblical Unitarianism (or "Biblical Unitarianism" or "biblical unitarianism")[38] identifies the Christian belief that the Bible teaches God is a singular person—the Father—and that Jesus is a distinct being, his son. A few denominations use this term to describe themselves, clarifying the distinction between them and those churches[39] which, from the late 19th century, evolved into modern British Unitarianism and, primarily in the United States, Unitarian Universalism.
In Italy the Biblical Unitarian Movement powered by the ideas of Sozzini and others[37] is represented today by the churches associated with the Christian Church in Italy.[40] This movement in Italy claims a strong Christian and biblical soul. From the analysis of documents that you can find on the official site of the CCI,[41][42] it is clear that the doctrinal position of this Christian confession of faith is therefore akin to the so-called Biblical Unitarian movement [43][44][45] and on the other hand, far from that of Unitarian Universalist Association who, although they have the same origin in 1500 AD, through the centuries have suffered the influence of many non-biblical ideas (cf. Universalism). The Christian Church in Italy has significant similarities with the Biblical Unitarian movement, although it maintains a cautious position on some doctrinal points. Wilbur wrote about the Unitarian Movement: "The religious movement whose history we are endeavoring to trace... became fully developed in thought and polity in only four countries, one after another, namely Poland, Transylvania, England and America. But in each of these it showed, along with certain individual characteristics, a general spirit, a common point of view, and a doctrinal pattern that tempt one to regard them as all outgrowths of a single movement which passed from one to another; for nothing could be more natural than to presume that these common features implied a common ancestry. Yet such is not the fact, for in each of these four lands the movement, instead of having originated elsewhere, and been translated only after attaining mature growth, appears to have sprung independently and directly from its own native roots, and to have been influenced by other and similar movements only after it had already developed an independent life and character of its own.".[46] From the analysis of documents that you can find on the official site of the CCI,[41][42] it is clear that the doctrinal position of this Christian confession of faith is therefore akin to the so-called Biblical Unitarian movement [43][44][45] and on the other hand, far from that of Unitarian Universalist Association who, although they have the same origin in 1500 AD, through the centuries, have suffered the influence of many non-biblical ideas (cf. Universalism).
The Christian Church in Italy believes that God is only one person[47] in direct contrast with the doctrine of the Trinity, which defines God as three coexisting persons in one substance (essence), merged into one being.[48] So CCI adheres to strict monotheism by believing that Jesus was a perfect and holy man,[49] virginally begotten in Mary, the promised Christ, the Son of God and that, as the glorified man, now is at the right hand of God praying for the whole Church.[50][51] The movement from which the Christian Church in Italy was inspired rejects other doctrines taught for centuries,[52] including the soteriological doctrines of original sin and predestination.[53][54] The CCI for its peculiarity has no common trait with other religious movements which exalt Jesus as the only true God, as for example the Oneness Pentecostalism, the United Pentecostal Church International and the True Jesus Church.
Protestant culture
Although the Reformation was a religious movement, it also had a strong impact on all other aspects of life: marriage and family, education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy, and the arts.[55] All Protestant churches allow their clergy to marry. Many of their families contributed to the development of intellectual elites in their countries.[56] Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops), in most Protestant churches.
As the reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost. For example, the Puritans who established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628 founded Harvard College only eight years later. About a dozen other colleges followed in the 18th century, including Yale (1701). Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning.[57][58]
The Protestant concept of God and man allows believers to use all their God-given faculties, including the power of reason. That means that they are allowed to explore God's creation and, according to
Protestantism has had an important influence on science. According to the Merton Thesis, there was a positive correlation between the rise of Protestant pietism and early experimental science.[67] The Merton Thesis has two separate parts: firstly, it presents a theory that science changes due to an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology; secondly, it puts forward the argument that the popularity of science in England in 17th century, and the religious demography of the Royal Society (English scientists of that time were predominantly Protestants or Puritans) can be explained by a correlation between Protestantism and the scientific values.[68] He focuses on English Puritanism and German Pietism as responsible for the development of the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries. Merton explains that the connection between religious affiliation and interest in science is a result of a significant synergy between the ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science.[69] Protestant values encouraged scientific research by allowing science to identify the God influence on world and thus providing religious justifications for scientific research.[67]
In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms).[70] The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523).[71] Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government.[72] The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches.[73]
Politically, Calvin favoured a mixture of aristocracy and democracy. He appreciated the advantages of democracy: "It is an invaluable gift, if God allows a people to freely elect its own authorities and overlords."[74] Calvin also thought that earthly rulers lose their divine right and must be put down when they rise up against God. To further protect the rights of ordinary people, Calvin suggested separating political powers in a system of checks and balances (separation of powers). Thus he and his followers resisted political absolutism and paved the way for the rise of modern democracy.[75] Besides England, the Netherlands were, under Calvinist leadership, the freest country in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It granted asylum to philosophers like Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle. Hugo Grotius was able to teach his natural-law theory and a relatively liberal interpretation of the Bible.[76]
Consistent with Calvin's political ideas, Protestants created both the English and the American democracies. In seventeenth-century England, the most important persons and events in this process were the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, John Milton, John Locke, the Glorious Revolution, the English Bill of Rights, and the Act of Settlement.[77] Later, the British took their democratic ideals to their colonies, e.g. Australia, New Zealand, and India. In North America, Plymouth Colony (Pilgrim Fathers; 1620) and Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628) practised democratic self-rule and separation of powers.[78][79][80][81]These Congregationalists were convinced that the democratic form of government was the will of God.[82] The Mayflower Compact was a social contract.[83][84]
Protestants also took the initiative in creating religious freedom, the starting-point of human rights. Freedom of conscience had had high priority on the theological, philosophical, and political agendas since Luther refused to recant his beliefs before the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms (1521). In his view, faith was a free work of the Holy Spirit and could therefore not be forced on a person.[85] The persecuted Anabaptists and Huguenots demanded freedom of conscience, and they practised separation of church and state.[86] In the early seventeenth century, Baptists like John Smyth and Thomas Helwys published tracts in defence of religious freedom.[87] Their thinking influenced John Milton and John Locke's stance on tolerance.[88][89] Under the leadership of Baptist Roger Williams, Congregationalist Thomas Hooker, and Quaker William Penn, respectively, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania combined democratic constitutions with freedom of religion. These colonies became safe havens for persecuted religious minorities, including Jews.[90][91][92] The United States Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the American Bill of Rights with its fundamental human rights made this tradition permanent by giving it a legal and political framework.[93] The great majority of American Protestants, both clergy and laity, strongly supported the independence movement. All major Protestant churches were represented in the First and Second Continental Congresses.[94] In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the American democracy became a model for numerous other countries and regions throughout the world (e.g., Latin America, Japan, and Germany). The strongest link between the American and French Revolutions was Marquis de Lafayette, an ardent supporter of the American constitutional principles. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was mainly based on Lafayette’s draft of this document.[95] The United Nations Declaration and Universal Declaration of Human Rights also echo the American constitutional tradition.[96][97][98]
Democracy, social-contract theory, separation of powers, religious freedom, separation of church and state – these achievements of the Reformation and early Protestantism were elaborated on and popularized by
Also other human rights were initiated by Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln).[103][104] Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among the first thinkers who made significant contributions to international law.[105][106] The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist. He also founded the Red Cross.[107]
Protestants have always felt obliged to help people. They have founded hospitals, homes for disabled or elderly people, educational institutions, organisations that give aid to developing countries, and other social welfare agencies.[108][109][110] In the nineteenth century, throughout the Anglo-American world numerous dedicated members of all Protestant denominations were active in social reform movements such as the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage.[111][112][113] As an answer to the "social question" of the nineteenth century, Germany under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck introduced insurance programs that led the way to the welfare state (health insurance, accident insurance, disability insurance, old-age pensions). To Bismarck this was "practical Christianity".[114][115] These programs, too, were copied by many other nations, particularly in the Western world.
The arts have been strongly inspired by Protestant beliefs. Martin Luther, Paul Gerhardt, George Wither, Isaac Watts, Charles Wesley, William Cowper, and many other authors and composers created well-known church hymns. Musicians like Heinrich Schütz, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, Henry Purcell, Johannes Brahms, and Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy composed great works of music. Prominent painters with Protestant background were, for example, Albrecht Dürer, Hans Holbein the Younger, Lucas Cranach, Rembrandt, and Vincent van Gogh. World literature was enriched by the works of Edmund Spenser, John Milton, John Bunyan, John Donne, John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, William Wordsworth, Jonathan Swift, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Edgar Allan Poe, Matthew Arnold, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Theodor Fontane, Washington Irving, Robert Browning, Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë, Charles Dickens, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thomas Stearns Eliot, John Galsworthy, Thomas Mann, William Faulkner, John Updike, and many others.
Main article: Christian ecumenism
The ecumenical movement has had an influence on mainline churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference. Its origins lay in the recognition of the need for cooperation on the mission field in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Since 1948, the World Council of Churches has been influential, but ineffective in creating a united church. There are also ecumenical bodies at regional, national and local levels across the globe; but schisms still far outnumber unifications. One, but not the only expression of the ecumenical movement, has been the move to form united churches, such as the Church of South India, the Church of North India, the US-based United Church of Christ, the United Church of Canada, the Uniting Church in Australia and the United Church of Christ in the Philippines which have rapidly declining memberships. There has been a strong engagement of Orthodox churches in the ecumenical movement, though the reaction of individual Orthodox theologians has ranged from tentative approval of the aim of Christian unity to outright condemnation of the perceived effect of watering down Orthodox doctrine.[116]
A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Roman Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from the Roman Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Roman Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Roman Catholics may be ordained to the priesthood after a period of study.
In 1999, the representatives of Lutheran World Federation and Roman Catholic Church signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, apparently resolving the conflict over the nature of Justification which was at the root of the Protestant Reformation, although Confessional Lutherans reject this statement.[117] This is understandable, since there is no compelling authority within them. On July 18, 2006, delegates to the World Methodist Conference voted unanimously to adopt the Joint Declaration.[118][119]
Anti-Protestantism
European Wars of Religion
Islam and Protestantism
List of Protestant churches
Cook, Martin L. (1991). The Open Circle: Confessional Method in Theology. Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Press. xiv, 130 p. N.B.: Discusses the place of Confessions of Faith in Protestant theology, especially in Lutheranism. ISBN 0-8006-2482-3
Dillenberger, John, and Claude Welch (1988). Protestant Christianity, Interpreted through Its Development. Second ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. ISBN 0-02-329601-1
Nash, Arnold S., ed. (1951). Protestant Thought in the Twentieth Century: Whence & Whither? New York: Macmillan Co.
This article's use of external links may not follow World Heritage Encyclopedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (August 2010)
Look up Protestant, Protestantism, or evangelical in , the free dictionary.
Commons has media related to Protestantism.
European Institute of Protestant Studies
"Why Only Catholicism Can Make Protestantism Work" by Mark Brumley
United Methodist perspective)
Protestantism—Christianity in View
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Eurythmics vinyl reissues due in 2018
November 21, 2017 by Paul Sinclairtags: 1980s, Dave Stewart, eurythmics
With the band currently nominated as a 2018 inductee in the Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame (you can vote here) today comes the news that Sony will release all eight of Eurythmics RCA studio albums next year…
In The Garden (1981), Sweet Dreams (Are Made Of This) (1983), Touch (1983), Be Yourself Tonight (1985), Revenge (1986), Savage (1987), We Too Are One (1989) and Peace (1999) are the albums in question, of which the first three are currently slated for release in April next year, Be Yourself Tonight, Revenge and Savage lined up for July and We Too Are One and Peace almost a year away, with an October 2018 release date!
The band have never liked 1984 remix album Touch Dance which is therefore not part of this reissue campaign and despite the social media campaign talking of ‘all’ their studio albums, 1984 (For The Love Of Big Brother) is another absentee, presumably because it’s the one album owned by Universal (this anomaly is down to an opportunistic Richard Branson managing to get the rights to issue the soundtrack back in the day). Peace has never been issued on vinyl, so fans might view that is the most exciting aspect of this campaign.
The announcement represents something of a thawing of relations with Sony, with Stewart in the past scathing about their perceived lack of interest in the band and their body of work. Whether this means we might see some proper archival activity – perhaps at the back end of next year – remains to be seen.
To coincide with this announcement ‘DJ Earworm’ has created an officially sanctioned mash-up called Eurythmix.
The vinyl reissues will be out in 2018. Read SDE’s 2016 interview with Dave Stewart.
In The Garden vinyl LP
Sweet Dreams Are Made Of This vinyl LP
Touch vinyl LP
Amazon de 13.6 Order
Be Yourself Tonight vinyl LP
Revenge vinyl LP
Amazon uk 14.5 Order
Amazon fr 13.5 Order
Savage vinyl LP
We Too Are One vinyl LP
Peace vinyl LP
108 responses to Eurythmics vinyl reissues due in 2018
Dunc says:
It was “Love Is A Stranger” which got me back into playing my vinyl collection again, after coming across the original version on a 12″ remix. The sound was amazing, so warm, rich and sharp, and Annie’s voice on top of it like cut glass. Actually had myself a little pop “moment” there and then. While these are likely to lose out to the Banshees vinyl reissues this year, I hope this “thawing of relations” will finally pave the way for the “Savage” DVD.
Bob Burrows says:
Weirdly enough on the subject of the 24bit wav downloads, In The Garden and Sweet Dreams are 24bit 96k whereas Touch is only 24bit 44.1k. anybody any ideas why?
This is purely speculation ok but… Dave has complained many times about Sony losing masters. Perhaps it the masters to Touch that he is referring to???
Bought Bundle 1 in store from HMV today and they have 3 exclusive prints you get with the records.
Pingback:Out This Week / on 30 March 2018 | superdeluxeedition
FINALLY! RSD 2018…
Eurythmics – 1984 (For The Love of Big Brother) [Legacy LP – ‘RSD First’ 2000 copies]
Here come Annie and Dave again. I will buy vinyls and I will back to 80s. They are Back to the Past, my past.
Phil Fogel says:
One of my all time favorite groups. They are so underrated. Be Yourself Tonight, Revenge and Savage are 3 of my all time favorite albums. I was hoping they would do a 3CD/DVD set like the Bananarama ones. I’ve been looking for he 1984 soundtrack on CD for years.
How many more posts do we need on here before Dave gets on with the DELUXE EDITIONS?
Wish list 2019:
SWEET DREAMS SDE the weird demos, remixes, concert special? Heaven club, London?
TOUCH SDE to include Touch Dance, Videos, Remixes, Demos
BE YOURSELF TONIGHT – empty the f*ing vault!
REVENGE SDE to include Eurythmics LIVE 1987 on DVD
SAVAGE SDE to include the films, remixes – especially those previously available on vinyl – what about that promo gig they did in paris?
WE TOO ARE ONE to include We TOO ARE ONE TWO on DVD
PEACE meh.
AND NEW MUSIC! Those two need to sit down with a synthesizer again. No string quartet anniversary or something. Lennox has helped enough. Time to make some more magic!!!
memoryboy says:
Ok, one last note here… I got a little excited, and posted about it, only to have possibly changed my mind again. Yesterday I was listening to my own collection of CD’s I had that I ripped the entire Eurythmics catalog from vinyl (including the ‘1984’ album and it has always sounded amazing to me. I’ve always felt that Vinyl was the superior listening experience. And I still feel that way. Analog is the way to go IMO.
Anyways, I decided to compare my Vinyl rips to the 2005 Reissues of the Eurythmics albums that were remastered. Wow. Once again I am really disappointed in the difference. The 2005 Remasters sound way too loud. Over-compressed? Almost muted in sound quality, like listening to it through a cloth… compared to my Vinyl rips the 2005 Remasters sound terrible. This was the conclusion I made years ago. So what happened recently where I changed my mind?
Well, I was listening to the 2005 Remasters over this past weekend and yes I found some redeeming qualities in them, there are subtle details in the sound that obviously sound remastered (in a good way), and honestly they sounded pretty good on my stereo, (small and large speakers) but when I compared the 2005 Remasters to my Vinyl rips, it’s amazing the difference. My Vinyl rips are superior in every way. Confirms why I love the sound of Vinyl.
But I love the convenience of mp3’s, for when I am out walking around.
After listening to the 2005 Remasters and my Vinyl rips yesterday I decided to look up anything about these online and came across this website…
http://forums.stevehoffman.tv/threads/eurythmics-on-cd-and-remasters.191914/
And there it is. Many people complaining about the Eurythmics remasters. And I have to say, I half agree with them. The song ‘When Tomorrow Comes’ on the ‘Ultimate Collection’ CD is Loud and so very overly-compressed, it’s so bad, and now I’m…. back to being heart broken.
I think for now I will stick to my Vinyl rips. Plus I have almost all the extended remixes ripped off vinyl and also the ‘1984’ album. So I’m good.
But would still love a Box set for each album, remastered beautifully, with bonus tracks and all the Extended Remixes, etc… AND the ‘984’ album Remastered with all the extras…
So there is my final verdict. I find the 2005 Remasters are listenable, they really are, but as some have said the original CD releases back in the 80’s may sound better, if you can find older used copies online or in the shops. I am extremely picky about sound quality. And I would say the 2005 Reissues are listenable … until something better comes along.
Ok, so, I’ve gone back and had a close listen to the 2005 Remastered Albums that were reissued years ago, I have the whole Collection, I was disappointed they weren’t able to include the 1984 (Big Brother) album in those Remastered albums but I understand why that was a problem for them to do. Someday let’s hope.
Earlier on this post I commented I was not happy with the 2005 Remasters. Well, I’ve changed my mind.
Well, I was pleasantly surprised when I went back to listen to those reissues. The sound quality is actually quite good. And I mean everything sounds great. I think what happened was I compared specific tracks to other copies I had and decided the remastered sound was not very good. I was wrong. What I realized was that the sound was actually better than many remasters being released out there. I like the fact that these remasters aren’t super “Tinny” if that makes sense, the sound is not overly “Treble-y” which is good… not sure what the word would be for this, but I found that it’s a great remaster. Everything sounds balanced.
Some remastered music is screwed up by either too much bass added or too much treble, something is either cranked up all the way to the left or the right. These remasters sound just fine, which is a relief. I have avoided listening to these CD’s for years mostly due to my verdict that the sound was not very good. Having changed my mind, I have been on an “Eurythmics-Marathon all weekend, Binge-Listening to all the CD’s these past few days.
What a nice surprise to find these Albums were not a waste of money back when I bought them. I’ve avoided them for the most part the past eleven years (I bought the complete Collection of Remastered CD albums back in 2005 when they were released)
Isn’t it strange how that happens?
I also have the Eurythmics “Ultimate Collection” that was also released back in 2005. And I love how they included single edit versions on that Collection. Although the “1984” era is sorely missing.
I have also been enjoying the Bonus tracks on each album as well. I had actually listened to these CD’s a few times back when I first got them and enjoyed discovering the Bonus tracks, but because I felt the sound quality wasn’t up to snuff I haven’t gone back to listen to them much. I actually have all the Eurythmics albums on Vinyl (Including ‘1984’ on Vinyl and I have ripped them all to CD and mp3, including many Extended Remixes. So I already have my own collection of their albums on CD ripped from Vinyl and they sound excellent) but it’s nice to know these remasters from back in 2005 sound Great. It’s like Christmas happened early over here now that I went back and had a second listen. Hahaha, So thrilled about this.
Now if only Depeche Mode would go back and remaster all their albums PROPERLY with a bonus disc of b-sides and remixes, well that would make my life complete. I am still disappointed by the sound quality of those DM reissues from years ago. They are my favorite band. I wish they would take the time and just do what the Pet Shop Boys are doing, they have done an excellent job on their remasters recently.
Songs to note that I have really been enjoying re-discovering off the Eurythmics 2005 Remastered albums are:
Never Gonna Cry Again [Live] (1982)
Your Time Will Come (1981)
4/4 In Leather [Live] (1982)
Satellite Of Love (1982)
Grown Up Girls (1985)
Missionary Man (Single Version) (1986)
Shame [Dance Mix] (1987)
The King And Queen Of America [Dance Remix] (1989)
Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me (1989)
Sweet Dreams (Are Made Of This) [Hot Remix] (1991)
william mckinley says:
Still patiently waiting for the Super Deluxes of their albums.
I remember being extremely excited when I first heard ‘Beethoven (I Love To Listen To) on the radio. I honestly thought it was Grace Jones and Annie Lennox doing a song together! I was confused, but knew I loved it instantly. Savage ended up being a favorite for me.
My favorite Eurythmics song? Gosh, that’s a hard one, but judging by the ones I play the most, it might go in this order… top 10:
1. Sweet Dreams (Are Made Of This)
2. Here Comes The Rain Again
3. Who’s That Girl?
4. Aqua
5. Grown Up Girls
6. Beethoven [I Love To Listen To]
7. You Have Placed A Chill In My Heart
8. Missionary Man
9. The Last Time
10. I Love You Like A Ball And Chain
After that, it’s hard to choose, but I would add…
No Fear, No Hate, No Pain (No Broken Hearts)
Love Is A Stranger
Sex Crime (1984)
Would I Lie To You?
omg, see? I can’t stop, hahaha, it’s hard to choose.
I think my favorite Eurythmics album is “Touch” quickly followed by Sweet Dreams (are made of this), after that it’s hard to choose… I think Savage is right up there at the top too. Also 1984 is an excellent album. I prefer “Revenge” over “Be Yourself Tonight”.
I’m a sucker for the synth-based early stuff, with Annie’s extra cropped bright orange hair and power suit’s. Those first two albums were a huge influence on my youth and teenage years.
Daniel ( from Berlin ) says:
the megamix shows what great songs eurythmics did in all these years.
but the megamix itself is horror!
p.s. annie lennox seems like a little bit over the top on the “17 again” & “i saved the world”
videos….it lookslike she is on a LSD trip.
feline1 says:
Very non-plussed by this!
These albums sold by the bucketload on release and you can buy them on vinyl for peanuts at any record fair. (Apart from ‘Peace’, but meh to that) – don’t see what the need to bring them out on vinyl again is?! (Unless we’re acknowledging that vinyl is a crap format that degrades still further every time you play it ;)
There are still about a dozen B-sides, cassingle and 12″ bonus tracks from Eurythmics that never made it onto CD yet… and there’s surely to god tons of unreleased demos and other recordings in the vaults, and masses of live recordings too, all of which could be used to form 2 or 3-CD reissues of the albums.
Oh and there’s several live and promo videos of theirs that still aren’t available except on VHS or u-matic copies on YouTube!
iain says:
“vinyl is a crap format that degrades every time you play it” YES! Re-issuing vinyl is just cynical marketing ploy.. more $ for the companies!
AKICKUPTHE80S says:
I love the Eurythmics but I have to admit to being a bit disappointed with this announcement. There had been some pics/video of Dave and Annie making music together so I was really hoping for a new album and tour… I suppose that it could still happen.
I’d rather see proper deluxe CD reissues of the albums.
I do need to go back and check out the 1984 soundtrack again as I clearly haven’t fully appreciated it judging on the comments above.
I would love to see a Savage box set.
With the Blu Ray DVD video album that they did 4 Savage. And all the remixes that came out with the Savage singles. I have the Savage Vine video but don’t have anything to play it on.
Anyone knows why the eurhythmics haven’t got the deluxe a treatment is a great misfortune for us music lovers
thanks for sharing that with us. I have to say those are great choices. “I love you like a ball and chain” is incredible. And her vocals on that song are incredible. I am still surprised they did not make that a single, did they? Did they make that a single? I thought I saw in Smash Hits magazine once they had the lyrics… and I wonder if it was ever issued as a single. “I love you like a ball and chain” is an amazing song. I also think “You have placed a chill in my heart” is one of their very best as well, that’s also an amazing song. those are both some of my favorites as well. It’s hard to choose.
No, “I Love You Like A Ball And Chain” was never a single.. but easily could have been. Be Yourself Tonight is a fantastic album.
Yes, it’s a stand out on the album, as is that crazy phasey bit near the end of the track
There was a really good Radio 1 documentary/interview with Dave Stewart when this album came out, where he talked about that phasing and loads of other aspects of the album. I remember a similar one for Arcadia’s So Red The Rose. Some great archive audio which is ‘lost’ and should be part of reissue sets if/when they happen.
I’d love to hear that documentary.
And i find someone else who remembers it! Every year i ask on the Duran forum if anyone has it, to utter silence. Great interview with Annie Nightingale and Nick actually named Rose Arcana on the show.
That’s right! Simon said that “Lady Ice” was Nick’s favourite song, ever!
alan hansen says:
i was considering whether to post something about “1984,” but i think i’ll pass, as it’s quite redundant and unnecessary.
Paul may I ask what is your favorite Eurythmics song?
That’s a tricky one…. Savage is my favourite album, so tempted to say “You Have Placed A Chill In My Heart” or “Shame”… but my favourite song might be “I Love You Like A Ball and Chain” from Be Yourself Tonight. I also really like “Take Me To Your Heart” from In The Garden.
Favourite single is still the first I’d heard – Love is a Stranger.
Apologies for the ramble, but seeing Annie pull off her wig in the back of that limo for the video at the age of 12 was one of the key turning points in my life. I’d compare it to the tales told of those seeing Bowie perform ‘Starman’ on TOTP. I had never seen anything like it. I was deeply transfixed and became more than slightly obsessed as teenagers do over pop stars and music.
And for the early-to-mid 1980s, Annie was a genuine, magnificent pop star. But what’s always held fascination is the period between the first two albums.
How did ‘Ann’, the mousy girl from Aberdeen who wrote and sang with her ex on ‘In the Garden’ – a wonderful potpourri of left-field Euro p0p-angst – in the space of just 6-9 months turn into ‘Annie’, a shimmering, confident diva seemingly unafraid to bare her soul to millions of us. Just take a look at her on The Old Grey Whistle Test performing ‘Belinda’ and ‘Never Gonna Cry Again’. Then watch some of the live footage from Heaven nightclub about a year later – the difference still staggers.
Obviously Grace Jones is a heavy influence, but after all these years on, I still don’t have an easy answer.
I pretty much loved all the albums up to ‘We Too Are One’, which still sounds to me like a collection of half-baked demos, songs quickly written to be ready for the next tour. The precise focus of writing and the emotion was absent, bar a couple of tracks. Maybe I’m being harsh, as ‘Savage’ was almost to great to follow.
Here’s hoping for some SDE sets to follow after these somewhat unnecessary reissues.
Annabel Lecter says:
I also love Take Me To Your Heart, Paul. Plus, the revised version from the Live in Heaven segment of the Sweet Dreams video album offers a great alternate take on the track.
Savage is my favourite album too. I just wish that the Shame video wasn’t blocked on YouTube. It’s the only track we can’t watch.
kittens69 says:
I like the idea of listening to The Eurythmics (formed, by the way, in Wagga Wagga Australia which I happened to pass through on a train yesterday), but her voice and the production gets v tiresome after three songs. ‘Sweet Dreams’, ‘Touch’, ‘1984’, some of ‘Be Yourself Tonight’ & ‘Savage’ are the only albums worth touching and all readily available in good pressing. Annie is a bit po-faced and worthy, but doubt she wrote her sleeve notes; suspect you can blame some eager beaver at 19 Management for penning those! ‘This City Never Sleeps’ is still a total classic, even better when it was used in ’91/2 Weeks’. A career of diminishing returns…
wayne klein says:
I’d love to see these reissued on CD mastered properly. I have all the original RCA releases and purchased a couple of the reissues and the mastering sucks.
UK price £22 is not great for a single album, some of them on Amazon are £17.10 (Touch was one) but for stuff that’s made it’s money years ago they’re a bit overpriced. Part of me thinks the record companies are starting to take the rise now with some of their pricing for what is just a straight repress usually without any bonuses etc.
Benjamin Adams says:
No 1984, that’s a bummer. It’s the one I want the most.
Keith Ainsworth says:
I missed the ‘In The Garden’ period the first time around. Then I saw the Whistle Test performances of Belinda and Never Gonna Cry Again (now on youtube) which intrigued me enough to seek it out. Glad I did, it’s great stuff.
I was not happy with the remastered sound from the 2005 reissues, I thought they sounded very flat, and it’s been a disappointment ever since. I bought all of those but I’ve always wish that they would remaster them properly and really do a really great job. It would be great if they remastered them on CD again. I don’t know Who remastered those reissues but they just don’t sound that great to me. It’s like those 2005 reissues sound like they made Annies vocals crystal clear but the music is very flat, like listening to it through a table cloth.
I compared a Stirling (I think) cut of Be Yourself Tonight with the 2005 remaster and thought the remaster sounded fine.
… It was cut according to the original mastering credit, and pressed on Germany. Maybe Precision rather than Stirling?
start eventually with a good ( complete ) DELUXE EDITION of the “sweet dreams” album!
but please with ALL remixes and all b-sides and 12” bonus tracks.
especially “i’ve got an angel” ( dub ) is amazing.
i still can’t believe that they made no 12” mix of “love is a stranger”…. too bad.
but maybe it lays deep in the vaults.
I love “Step on the Beast”, that was another one that never made it onto CD yet… and “Invisible Hands” (which was originally gonna be the album’s title track!) … and all those wierd remixes of “The Walk”
Peace doesn’t look like it will divide very well on vinyl. Depending on which mix is used (presuming it’s one or the other and not a combination and/or new mixes or edits) side 2 clocks in at just under or just over 27 minutes. I thought the resequencing might have been to even up the side duration, but there’s not a huge amount in it and the original running order. A 49 minute album is not ideal for single vinyl, but then I guess it wasn’t originally prepared with that in mind.
Isaías says:
I totally agree with JPD up above. Super Deluxe Editions to all of their albums. Needless to say to include all the edits, remixes, alternative versions, demos, promo videos, top of the pops, BBC, etc…
Great idea to get die hard fans involved in the process in order to make it as complete as possible !!! Record companies should listen to us before releasing box sets. Sometimes they turn it into something really boring !!!
baward says:
Having got well into Dave & Ann back with ‘In The Garden’, which I still have, my patience was truly tested with the seemingly endless 12″ version of ‘Right By Your Side’, and I drifted away from them after that.
On the other hand, ‘This Is The House’ 12″ is one of the best records I own.
I truly love this band, wondering if there will be a download code of sorts? Their back catalogue should be explored a little deeper as i wasnt aware of 1984 (born a little later)
Would love cd boxes for all these records.
Dustin Soper says:
SONY hasn’t issued one of their 2 CD “Essential” titles for Eurythmics at all – and I’m surprised. That could be something interesting – at least have it Eurythmics/Annie Lennox if you can’t find 2 CD’s worth of material for Eurythmics.
Andrew F says:
The official Eurythmics store is offering three bundles for each stage of the vinyl release campaign, which prices each record at £15 before postage.
I’ve preordered all three bundles and it’s added £11 postage to the total order, making each album £16.38 inclusive of UK delivery.
This is markedly better than the current Amazon UK pre-order price of £21.99 per album.
Are you aware that if that’s a single order they won’t post the albums until the last bundle comes out? They’re not staggering postage for single orders, each bundle has to be ordered separately to be posted separately.
It’s a shame In The Garden is ignored when it comes to their greatest hits albums. It’s one of their best. IMO
I think that album is so great because it is so “out there” in terms of what they are best known for. Yes, it has the electronics that they would put to such different effect in a short time, but the general aesthetic of the album is so much more….almost psychedelic? The arrangements and the distortions, the mixes of the songs. It feels like something that straddles 60’s psychedelia, 70s punk, and 80s electro. I’m sure there are probably other albums like it out there in terms of sonics, but I haven’t really found any of them. It may not be a “polished” as what came after, but it really deserves attention and acclaim for the risks that it takes.
Not Available says:
Has everyone forgotten about the live album, and particularly the acoustic disc?
seemingly they have. Mind you, it was basically rubbish compared to some of the live recordings that must be in the vaults.
The four live tracks from 1981 that ended up on the ‘This is the House’ 12″ are astounding (and outrageously, only two of them ended up on the remastered CD editions).
I also have a couple of wonderful bootlegs from 1982 on very hissy cassettes (one of which is from a licensable BBC In Concert).
I think a 3cd/dvd boxset would’ve been ideal. Like an anthology of sorts with stuff that was left off last time around in 2005. Hopefully this renewed interest in the duo’s rock & roll hall of fame nomination will somehow prompt Sony to get off their ass and let Dave Stewart have control over the back catalogue.
Let’s just hope this is a sign that the attention from the Hall of Fame has helped Sony notice that they have an entire catalog that has been seriously under-served. I would really like a proper re-issue campaign, possibly a box set. Something to make good on the promise of the original re-issue campaign, that started a trickle through the floodgates and then promptly slammed shut.
Martin Power says:
£22 per release but too rich for me so let’s hope for some deals as if not just pick up and Ex week on from charity shop?
I may have to try out the new sequence of Peace with both versions of the CD!
Mike- That’s a very interesting thought – which mixes they’ll be using. Same for “We Too Are One” which I think had a different version if I’m not mistaken.
Really? Wow, I didn’t know that!
I’m interested in Peace on vinyl, but is there any word on which mixes they’re using for it?
Waiting for ” Peace” no interst for the rest.
Chris Squires says:
Rather like the Phil Collins vinyl they are missing a trick. If these were all made into doubles with a second LP of original remixes, demos and b-sides then I would snap every single one of them up.
I’m thrilled with this idea. I wonder if Savage will have the original poster inside of it in this reissue?
Jon J says:
Whilst it’s welcome to see some activity around Eurythmics’ back catalogue, it’s hard to get excited about these vinyl reissues. As for many 1980s bands, secondhand copies of Eurythmics LPs are fairly easy to find, so apart from ‘Peace’ and, to a lesser extent, ‘In the Garden’, these don’t add much to what’s already out there.
A more comprehensive repackaging of their albums on CD to supersede the incomplete 2005 reissues would be much more welcome (as would finally releasing the superb ‘Savage’ video anthology on DVD). Alternatively, if vinyl is the only way forward, the release of Annie’s earlier solo albums on vinyl would be a more attractive option – ‘Diva’ is hard to find these days and ‘Medusa’ never got a UK release on vinyl.
I may buy these, as I had cassettes and CDs of theirs but hardly any vinyl; HOWEVER, jeeeeez would I much rather see a CD reissue campaign with those missing period remixes. Sigh.
Ken Evans says:
Saw Annie in concert a few years ago, good show – although, at one point she says “Did I invent the 80’s or what?” hmmm……
Paul, who do you think invented the 80’s, or did anyone?
Michael McA says:
There is an arrogance about Annie Lennox that is quite unattractive. In the sleeve notes to her ‘Collection’, I’m pretty sure she refers to the songs as ‘classics’ and ‘timeless’ – which is nonsense. Diva was a pretty good album but she’s produced nothing solo to match the inventiveness of Eurythmics. She’s a bloody great singer but IMO Dave was the greater talent.
Think she had probably watched Grace Jones’ ‘One Man Show’ a few times too!
I still play 1984 – even better than Savage.
Nigel D Day says:
Bowie with the Let’s Dance/Serious Moonlight.
For starters.
JPD says:
I for one am getting sick and tired of all these vinyl reissues. Most of us already have these on vinyl and first edition CDs plus the reissue CDs. Plus a lot of reissue campaigns as with this campaign are missing things. Touch Dance and 1984 are important releases in the Eurythmics back catalogue. It is great that Peace is finally getting a vinyl release.
I would prefer super deluxe cd editions containing all the edits, mixes and versions plus rarirites from each album. 1984 needs to receive the attention it deserves. It is one of my favourite Eurythmics album. Touch Dance can be included in the Touch SDE.
The vhs tapes of Savage and We Too Are One need to be released on DVD too. These could be a part of the SDE.
Savage is my all time favourite Eurythmics albums and it has some amazing single edits and remixes. A SDE would be incredible including a DVD of Savage and the Fanclub 1987 Christmas Flexidisc with I’ve Got A Lover (Back In Japan) Remix.
Record companies need to get fans involved in reissue campaigns. We know what we want and are more likely to part with our cash if these reissues are concise and complete.
Spot on, especially regarding Savage
Chris Gerard says:
Interesting to note that they have dramatically altered the running order for “Peace” for the upcoming vinyl release. When it was reissued on CD in 2005, they used different mixes for most of the songs. I wonder if this is an attempt to better sequence the album, perhaps the way they originally intended, or just to balance out the vinyl sides lengthwise. It seems they could have done that without so many changes, which leads me to believe it’s an attempt to reseqeunce the album more to their liking. I was actually listening to it last night thinking it is oddly sequenced.
https://store.eurythmics.com/products/october-releases
I wish ‘Touch Dance’ was included. I know they don’t like it, but I’m a completeist. And as a remix lover, I’m really quite fond of it. Plus it’s kind of contradictory to say they’re not keen on remixes (according to Wikipedia, Annie felt ‘Touch Dance’ was too much of a commercial product) but promote the reissue campaign wiiiiith (drumroll please)…..a megamix.
Of course I also want ‘1984’ included, but that’s a record company/rights issue, not an ‘I don’t like it’ issue.
Picked up sweet dreams vinyl and Spanish vinyl of revenge for £6 total to replace my damaged copies. Both play brilliantly. I’m sure there’s enough near mint copies of most of their albums floating about without the £22 price tag and my experience of the erasure vinyl reissues left a bad taste in my mouth with this kind of thing. Hope they do a good job with the transfer
Also it’s DJ Earworm (not Earthworm), who also did a similar remix for Annie’s solo output several years ago when ‘The Annie Lennox Collection’ was issued.
Kauwgompie says:
Wish they would do an SDE of the Eurythmics albums. One or two a year, like they do with the Ramones and include all the period remixes, demos, live stuff, early mixes, outtakes, etc. All these albums are high quality. Stewart probably has a point that Sony doesn’t pay enough attention. It’s astounding that you have (almost) the entire Eurythmics body of work under contract and you’re just sitting on it doing nothing.
Annie Lennox’s first two solo albums are also tipped to be reissued on vinyl next year as well. They were part of a prize package via Annie’s FB page, with delivery of those delayed until Feb, I believe.
Klaus says:
Thanks for providing the link to the Rock’n Roll Hall Of Fame, though my 5 votes went to the current numbers 7,10,11,12 & 14 in ranking.
Bon Jovi waaay ahead of all other contenders and The Cars on number 4 can only be explained in that the possibility to vote is better known in the US than in other countries.
At least the Eurythmics currently have about 50% more votes than Depeche Mode, who seem to make the same album over and over again for more than 20 years now.
As opposed to have done one in the last 25 years? DM more deserving than Eurythmics, though none more deservant than Duran who are ignored again!
Paul you left out ‘Savage’ in your article on release dates. One if their best in my opinion
Whoops. Corrected. That’s my favourite album of theirs too.
One of my favorite bands ever.
Ross Munro says:
Is there going to be a download code with them? The CD’s are quite hard to find nowadays.
They are available from the US for around $7.99(us) part of the Sony budget range. I order Be Yourself Tonight, Touch, and Sweet Dreams for friends quite often.
I love early Eurythmics – the first three albums were peerless and Savage was a great return to form. But let’s be honest, Peace aside, all of these records are second-hand shop staples and can be picked up for fraction of the price of the proposed reissues.
Carl Ramplin says:
1984 … and Touch dance …
ho hum or is that completism?
There’s nothing ‘ho hum’ about 1984. I’d say it’s their second best album after Savage.
yes – but there aren’t BAD albums … great and good … great includes 1984 Be Yourself, Sweet dreams and Savage for me
I know they hate 1984 … but what about us … glaring gap in the linear stacked treasure … and Touch Dance has moments too
Dave definitely doesn’t hate 1984. We had a great chat about that album when I interviewed him.
I don’t think either of them dislike 1984. The problem is a rights issue (as Paul mentions in his write-up). The album rights were linked with the film and a different label, and there has yet to be an agreement that brings it back under the umbrella with all the “proper” studio albums.
I don’t really understand why together Dave and Annie don’t target 1984 as an album to reissue, because a) they don’t have to deal with Sony (which was always Dave’s issue) and b) despite the single being well known, it’s a rather ‘lost’ studio album. Also to throw in a ‘c)’ it didn’t get reissued in 2005 when the others did, so it’s long overdue. Finally d) It’s really good!
ok my understanding is wrong ….sure there was some reason it wasn’t remastered with the others but that makes it more irksome then its been forgotten …
Checking back it was reported as ‘there are issues’ …which morphed in my mind …
so – which one will be reissued first 1984 or seeds of love …..?
Trash says:
@Paul – 100% agree on both counts.
About time someone had the good sense to reissue 1984.
It would be great if we could get 1984 as an expanded edition with all the album tracks as they originally appeared on the release, plus the original score elements as they were intended for the film. I remember a post on here at some point linking to a file on YouTube where someone had pulled elements from the isolated film score on the BluRay release to show what the work that actually made it into the film sounded like. A disc of original cues and the music that was cut would be excellent as an archival release. Plus I love electronic scores, especially from that era, so I think it would be a chance for the entire project to be reevaluated, maybe even reconsidered as on-par with work by such masters as Carpenter.
I posted that YouTube link on twitter and Dave Stewart retweeted it, so he’s definitely aware :)
Absolutely agree! 1984 is excellent and remains their most underrated.
1984 good album I remember that. That touch dance was not made with their involvement or consent at all. I read Dave Stewarts book .Lots of name dropping not a very good read.
I thought the book was brilliant. As for ‘name-dropping’… what are you supposed to do when you’ve worked with so many famous people? Not mention them?!
Tony Orwell says:
with my Aiwa cassette player being used on a daily basis I had a cassette with be yourself tonight on one side and Hounds of love on the other, pretty much wore that bad boy out in 1985/1986. One of the great 80’s bands for sure
Tom M Hans says:
Great combo. I had Revenge and Bell Donna on a Maxell tape and was killing it over time.
It would e great if they released a compilation of their 12″ mixes on vinyl
It would be an even better idea if they released a compilation of their 12″ mixes on CD.
Yes please..
They should do what the Pet Shop Boys have done with all their older albums and re-released them as 2 and 3 CD sets
Steve W says:
I lost interest in the band after Touch but I will very much look forward to replacing my ancient copies of that & Sweet Dreams. My copy of the curio In The Garden however is still in great condition.
Totally understandable, however you should really examine “Savage” which is an exceptional album.
Lemmin says:
I’ll second tim, Savage is outstanding. I dropped off after Revenge but revisited their later works during Annie’s solo success run, glad I did.
I’ll also support checking out Savage–it’s not that I dislike Be Yourself Tonight and Revenge, but they always sounded like a different band to me. Savage was the last point where they sounded like the original Eurythmics that I fell in love with in the early 80’s. I frankly enjoy all their albums, but Savage is on par with Sweet dream and Touch in m opinion.
@Tim you beat me to it. Savage is indeed a fantastic album – possibly (probably) my favourite – a return to their electronic roots!
Auntie Sabrina says:
“… Stewart is trying to track down the master tapes for Sweet Dreams – which were misplaced as RCA Records changed hands over the years.
He remembers making “about 60 weird experiments” before arriving at the single’s final arrangement “and some of them sound extremely modern”.
“I’d love to get that tape back. If a band came out today with some of those backing tracks, you wouldn’t say, ‘Oh, that sounds like it was made in 1981’.”
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42051131
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Business Leader and Philanthropist Jessie Frances Neal Receives Honorary Doctorate from Island University
By Richard Guerrero | Published: May 15, 2019
CORPUS CHRISTI, Texas – Iconic West Texas business woman and philanthropist Mrs. Jessie Frances Neal is now an Islander graduate.
The Texas A&M University System of Board of Regents approved the granting of an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters to Neal, who received her Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi diploma at the May 11 afternoon commencement ceremony.
“Mrs. Neal’s dedication to furthering the accessibility of higher education for young leaders, as well as her commitment to education as evidenced through her own determination and success in becoming a businesswoman, reflect the values that we hold at the Island University of cultivating lifelong learning and responsible citizenship,” Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi President and CEO Dr. Kelly M. Quintanilla told the Commencement audience shortly before presenting Neal with her honorary doctorate, the eighth such degree to be awarded in the history of the Island University.
Neal says she is pleased to have had a hand in helping Texas A&M-Corpus Christi as it works to reach its strategic academic objectives. She adds she is especially proud that she was awarded an honorary doctorate.
“I am speechless and just do not have the words to express my surprise and gratitude,” Neal said. “My feeling is that the students are the ones who are receiving this award. I am simply the vehicle in providing them the opportunity to be the best that they can be. This is such a special honor, and I feel humble in receiving it and my family is very proud!”
Neal wrote her first oil lease in 1965, five years after oil was discovered on her family’s ranch. Neal Ranch was established by her father, Jess J. Neal, in Upton County, Texas, a sparsely populated county about 60 miles south of Odessa, Texas, in 1941.
A one-time student at Texas Christian University and at San Angelo Business College, Neal opted to manage her family’s resources herself and quickly learned how to conduct business in the predominantly male-dominated world of the oil and gas industry of the late ‘60s. More than 50 years later, Mrs. Neal continues to negotiate oil leases and as a result, she is an expert in the administration of detailed land agreements, pipeline agreements, and protection of surface rights, as well as emerging technologies that range from shale formations to horizontal drilling.
“The oil leasing business today is quite different from when I started – I had a typewriter and wrote letters and went to the Courthouse to see what was on file,” Neal said. “Today, there are many tools to use. Learn about them and use them.”
Her desire for young people to learn the necessary skills to be successful in the business world led her to start the Jessie Frances Neal Foundation to provide scholarship opportunities for College of Business students at A&M-Corpus Christi in 2014. To date, she has helped a total of 23 students graduate from the Island University. Mrs. Neal is passionate about the value of business education and sought to increase access to that education.
“I want to provide opportunities to those who work hard and just did not have the finances for a full 15 hours every semester for four years of college education to gain more knowledge and understand how important a signature can be,” Mrs. Neal says.
Neal says she enjoys hearing from her scholarship recipients as they advance through their degree plans.
“I received Christmas thank you letters from the Neal Scholars, and I received a very thoughtful letter from the parents of one of the Neal Scholars,” she says. “I was touched that the parent had taken the time to write me to let me know how much it meant for her child to receive the scholarship because financially they could not afford a college education. That made me weepy and very happy that I had been able to provide a college education that would enable a good life ahead.”
In addition to annual scholarship support, Neal has created the Jessie France Neal Foundation and Clifton W. Coonrod Endowed Chair in Accounting and Business, which will allow the College of Business the opportunity to attract and retain the highest quality faculty in the discipline of accounting.
Neal scholarship recipient Cassandra Pena earned a Bachelor of Business Administration at the Spring 2019 Commencement; she said was excited to see her benefactor receive an honorary doctorate on the same day.
“Mrs. Neal’s scholarship has helped me to accomplish my goal, which is to graduate with my undergraduate degree debt-free,” Pena said. “The fact that she’s receiving an honorary doctorate at my ceremony is a touching moment. It is a special connection – she followed me through my three years at university and now the University is able to give back to her and honor her. So it kind of comes full circle.”
Fellow Neal Scholar Lailah Cobble also earned a Bachelor of Business Administration at Commencement. The San Antonio native said she’s had several opportunities to visit with Neal and added she always takes the time to thank her for the scholarship award.
“Every time I speak with Mrs. Neal, I always give her a great handshake and a big hug and tell her how grateful I am,” Cobble said. “I was excited to hear that she was getting a doctorate because that also meant she would be here for my graduation. So I was grateful to have the opportunity to thank her again.”
Coastal Bend Business Innovation Center Continues Growing Local Establishments
Island University Celebrates Largest Commencement To Date
RELLIS Business Professors Receive Southeast Region Research Award
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Pruitt tells miners `regulatory assault' is over
SYCAMORE, Pa. (AP) — Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt told dozens of Pennsylvania coal miners Thursday that the “regulatory assault” on their industry is over, and that the environment can be protected without hurting business.
“We’re going to do it the American way, grow jobs and show the rest of the world how it’s done,” Pruitt said before going on a mine tour about 50 miles south of Pittsburgh.
“The regulatory assault is over,” he said, referring to tightened environmental and other regulatory standards on coal and other energy industries under former President Barack Obama. “We’re going to partner together with you.”
Pruitt spoke for less than five minutes to about 100 workers at the Harvey Mine, one of three comprising the nation’s largest underground coal mining complex. It’s run by CNX Coal Resources.
He did not take any questions from the news media, which did not accompany him on the underground tour.
As a candidate, President Donald Trump pledged to revive the struggling U.S. coal industry. Since assuming office, he has issued executive orders rolling back Obama-era federal regulations on planet-warming carbon emissions, lifted water pollution protections and ended a freeze imposed on leases of public lands for coal mining.
As Oklahoma’s attorney general, Pruitt sued the EPA more than a dozen times to challenge environmental regulations opposed by the fossil fuel industry.
Pruitt didn’t address whether the administration intends to withdraw from the international climate agreement, which sets ambitious goals to lower carbon-base pollution. The executive order could make it more difficult for the U.S. to hit its carbon reduction benchmarks.
Even coal company executives have publicly expressed doubts that rolling back regulations will stem the coal industry’s decline. Coal mining now accounts for fewer than 75,000 U.S. jobs.
Several of the nation’s largest coal companies were forced to seek bankruptcy protection in the last year as electric utilities switch to cheaper, cleaner-burning natural gas made more plentiful through a drilling technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. The cost of building renewable energy projects also continues to fall, with wind turbines now producing emissions-free electricity cheaper than coal in many parts of the country.
CNX spokesman Zachery Smith said the three mines employ 1,500 people, about the same number who worked there throughout the Obama administration. But miners now are working full time and with weekend overtime. Many worked just three or four days a week when demand for coal bottomed out in 2014 and 2015.
Kevin Carson, 30, a married father of one, works in the mine’s processing plant, where rock is cleaned away from the coal. He went to work for the company 10 years ago right out of college, where he got a degree in industrial technology.
“I’d say we are optimistic. It’s a little more positive now, that the coal markets are starting to pick up,” Carson said.
Mines “provide a great deal of support for the local economy,” he said.
Rachel Gleason, executive director of the Pennsylvania Coal Alliance, said the organization is “cautiously optimistic” conditions will improve for the industry.
“It’s very early in the administration, but in the past eight years we’ve seen a systematic attack on the industry from top to bottom,” she said.
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Trump gets 'welcome' from Montana senator he is opposing
By MATT VOLZ, Associated Press
HELENA, Mont. (AP) — U.S. Sen. Jon Tester gave President Donald Trump a tongue-in-cheek welcome to Montana on Thursday by taking out a full-page ad in more than a dozen newspapers thanking him for signing 16 bills the Democrat sponsored or co-sponsored.
Trump was scheduled to hold a rally in the city of Great Falls to campaign for Tester’s Republican challenger, State Auditor Matt Rosendale. The president has made the Montana Senate race a priority after he blamed Tester for derailing the nomination of his Veterans Affairs nominee, White House physician Ronny Jackson.
Tester’s ad, which ran in the Great Falls Tribune and in newspapers across rural northern and eastern Montana, sought to undermine the president’s efforts to boost Rosendale by pointing out that he and the president agree on several issues.
“Welcome to Montana, and thank you President Trump for supporting Jon’s legislation to help veterans and first responders, hold the VA accountable, and get rid of waste, fraud and abuse in the federal government,” the ad read.
The Tester campaign also planned a statewide radio ad campaign to run through the weekend touting his bills that Trump has signed.
The National Republican Senatorial Committee in a statement called Tester’s ads a “pitiful” effort to paint himself as a Trump ally before the rally.
Tester is one of 10 Senate Democrats running for re-election in states that Trump won in the 2016 election. Trump singled out Tester in April, saying the farmer from Big Sandy “will have a big price to pay” for releasing allegations against VA nominee Jackson that included drunkenness, overprescribing medication and fostering a hostile work environment. Jackson denied the claims but withdrew his nomination.
Montana is the latest stop on Trump’s midterm campaign tour, designed to boost Republicans as well as tout his first 18 months in office. He recently made a similar trip to North Dakota and is expected to keep traveling throughout the summer.
In Great Falls, Trump planned to promote his record on the economy and national security, said a person familiar with the president’s plans, adding that Trump would stress his recent moves on immigration and foreign policy as well as the low unemployment rate. The person was not authorized to discuss the plans publicly and spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity.
The president also was expected to paint Tester as an “obstructionist” and embrace Rosendale as a better fit for the state that he won by 20 points.
The visit comes less than two weeks after his eldest son, Donald Trump Jr., campaigned for Rosendale in the city of Billings.
Rosendale, who is seeking to deny Tester a third term and give Montana an all-Republican congressional delegation, said Trump has focused on the race because of Tester’s “liberal obstruction.”
Montana, a purple state that elects both Republicans and Democrats to statewide offices, strongly supported Trump in the 2016 election, leading both candidates to compete for Trump supporters. Rosendale said he’ll back Trump’s agenda, while Tester said he’ll support the president when it’s in the state’s interests and oppose him when it’s not.
Tester planned to spend Thursday listening to farmers’ and business owners’ concerns about Trump’s import tariffs and was expected to be driving back to his farm when the president spoke, spokeswoman Marnee Banks said.
Associated Press writer Catherine Lucey in Washington contributed to this report.
This story has been corrected to show that Jackson was not Trump’s first Veterans Affairs nominee.
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Let there be light at Sabina Park! UDC completes Lighting Project
Let there be light at Sabina Park! UDC completes Lighting Project - Desmond Malcolm (left), General Manager, Urban Development Corporation (UDC) celebrates the commissioning of lights at Sabina Park on August 3, 2014 with Colette Roberts- Risden, Chief Technical Director (right), Office of the Prime Minister and her son Ethan Risden. The UDC which is government’s main urban and rural development planning agency was entrusted with the management of the project. . The Sabina Park Lighting Tower Project is a US$ 3.2 million venture which involved the design, fabrication and installation of international standard lighting towers to illuminate the Sabina Park Cricket Field. This decision is based on the experience of the UDC in the development and refurbishing of several sporting landmarks inclusive of The National Stadium, GC Foster College and The Montego Bay Sports Complex. The project commenced on April 1, 2014 and was delivered in time for the Caribbean Premier League (CPL). The UDC worked alongside partners such as Jentech Consultants, The Tourism Enhancement Fund, Fosrich Company Limited and Phillips.
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Iran Halts Curbs on Enrichment in Partial Pullout from Nuclear Deal
Netanyahu: 'We will not let Iran get nuclear weapons'
Iran says it will keep its excess uranium and heavy water in a partial pullout from the 2015 nuclear deal.
Iran made the announcement on the one-year anniversary of the United States' pullout from the deal. Iran has given European nations 60 days to improve the terms of the current deal or it will resume high-level enrichment of uranium.
The United States has also sent an aircraft carrier strike group to the Persian Gulf in what was called an "unmistakable message" to Iran. The U.S. has also reimposed other sanctions on Iran, pressuring the government.
Shortly after the news became public, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reiterated Israel's determination to prevent Iran from going nuclear.
"This morning, on my way here, I heard that Iran intends to continue its nuclear program," he said at a Memorial Day ceremony. "We will not let Iran get nuclear weapons."
"We will continue to fight our enemies, and will strike our roots even deeper in our homeland," he pledged. "That is what our heroes did at the dawn of the nations' rebirth, and we march in their path."
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EU Overshoot Day 2019: If EU consumption was the global norm, the Earth’s yearly budget would be exhausted on 10 May
EU Overshoot Day is a stark reminder that EU consumption is contributing to the Earth’s looming ecological and climate collapse.
© Global Warming Images / WWF
Brussels, 9 May 2019 - 10 May 2019 marks the date by which humanity would have exhausted nature’s annual budget if everybody in the world lived like EU residents, according to a new report by WWF and Global Footprint Network.
Human society is supported by what nature provides – food, fiber, timber, carbon absorption, and land to build infrastructure. However, if all people around the world shared the same lifestyle we enjoy in the EU, mankind would have used as much as the planet’s ecosystems can renew over the entire year by 10 May already. This means that 2.8 Earths would be needed to sustain the demand of natural resources required by such a lifestyle.
In contrast, Earth Overshoot Day, the date by which humanity has used as much ecological resources as the planet’s ecosystems can renew over the whole year, fell on 1 August last year. For the remainder of the year, humanity operates on depletion of the natural capital. This excess use is called “overshoot”.
The consequences of our ecological overshoot include global deforestation, biodiversity loss, collapse of fish stocks, water scarcity, soil erosion, air pollution, and climate change, leading to more frequent extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, and wildfires. These threats in turn bring about tensions and conflicts, and exacerbate global inequalities.
The report highlights the many differences between EU Member States’ Ecological Footprints and those of other countries in the world. It also shows that despite large variations among EU countries, not a single one of them is performing at a sustainable level.
The report echoes the stark findings of this week’s scientific report of the Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) [1], and it comes ahead of a crucial EU Leaders Summit on the Future of Europe on 9 May in Sibiu (Romania) [2] and just two weeks before the EU elections. It provides recommendations for the urgent changes that are needed to move the EU’s Overshoot Day later into the year. This includes, amongst others, actions to fully protect and restore nature in Europe by 2030 and make the EU climate neutral by 2040.
Ester Asin, Director at WWF’s European Policy Office said: “EU Overshoot Day is a stark reminder that EU consumption is contributing to the Earth’s looming ecological and climate collapse. This is not only irresponsible, it is outright dangerous. Urgent action is needed, and EU leaders must summon the political will to treat this situation as an emergency, and set us on a path towards a sustainable future for Europe. WWF is calling for the UN Sustainable Development Goals to be placed at the heart of everything the EU does and for a European Sustainability Pact to be adopted in the wake of the EU elections, comprising concrete actions on climate and environment to protect what is vital to us all.”
Mathis Wackernagel, Founder and President of Global Footprint Network said: “We are running a pyramid scheme, taking resources from the future to run today's economy. It needs no reminder that this is risky for Europe's prosperity. As we do for finances, we need careful accounting on the resource side as well. We need to know how much nature we use and how much we have. We have choices. Choosing to deplete our future does not serve us. The EU election gives us the opportunity to choose a different path that enables lasting prosperity."
In October 2018, WWF published a Call to Action to all EU leaders and elected representatives for a European Sustainability Pact, consisting of a comprehensive set of goals and actions to be taken in the next five years on climate change, nature protection and sustainable development [3]. WWF calls on the European Parliament, European Commission and European Council to endorse these actions in the wake of the European elections. This should contribute to a significant decrease of the EU’s Ecological Footprint, allowing it to not only stay on track with its international commitments under the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, but also to protect Europe’s long-term stability, safety and prosperity.
Notes to the editors:
[1] Scientific report of the Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
[2] On 9 May 2019, EU heads of state and governments will convene in Sibiu, Romania for an informal European Council where leaders will discuss the EU’s next strategic agenda for the period 2019-2024. For more information, see here.
[3] WWF Call to Action – A European Sustainability Pact for a safer, more competitive and responsible EU, October 2018
Catherine Joppart, Communications Officer,
WWF European Policy Office
cjoppart@wwf.eu
© Global Warming Images / WWF Enlarge
EU Overshoot Day Report 2019
WWF's work on EU elections 2019
Global Footprint Network
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Chaney to dedicate piano in memory of officer
By Denise Dick | February 3, 2012 at 12:05a.m.
By Denise Dick
denise_dick@vindy.com
A baby grand piano at Chaney’s visual and performing arts school will be dedicated to a school security officer who died this week while on duty.
Robert Conway Sr., 57, of Boardman, died Wednesday afternoon after apparently suffering a heart attack while working at the school.
Karen Ingraham, a city schools spokeswoman, said no students were believed to be in the area when Conway collapsed. Grief counselors were at the school Thursday and would remain there for as long as needed.
Tracy Schuler-Vivo, Chaney Visual and Performing Arts coordinator, said Conway was excited when a friend of Schuler-Vivo’s donated a baby grand piano to the school.
“It has a few nicks in it, but it’s in pretty good shape,” she said. “Officer Conway was so excited about refinishing it and making it all shiny. He was looking up on the website to find out the best way to do it.”
When Conway heard Schuler-Vivo wanted to get a storage box for the new piano, he brought designs for it to her office.
“When I heard about what happened [Wednesday], I knew I had to dedicate it to him and the guy who donated it,” she said. “It will be called the [Dan] Kalosky-Conway piano. Maybe we’ll get a little plaque to put on it.”
William Morvay, security chief at the city schools, where Conway started working in 1992, said Conway enjoyed working with the students.
“I’ve heard a lot of stories about him volunteering to work different events,” he said. “When he was at Rayen a while back, and they were having their prom or formal event, he would rent his own tux and make sure he was there for the kids.”
Conway worked as a reserve Mahoning County deputy sheriff, beginning in 1981.
“First of all he was a good family man, devoted to his wife and his family,” said Sheriff Randall A. Wellington. “He was a hard worker. He was very dependable, he knew his job and he did it well.”
Conway is survived by his wife, Sharon, four sons, Robert F. Jr. of New Waterford, Nicholas Conway of East Palestine, Mason Hornyak of Youngstown and Mark Conway of New Middletown; three daughters, Michelle Powell of New Springfield, Nichole Johnson of New Middletown and Melissa Conway of Columbus; and eight grandchildren.
Sgt. Chuck VanDyke, who is in charge of the reserves at the sheriff’s office, said Conway graduated from the police academy in 1981 and initially became a reserve deputy under former Sheriff James A. Traficant.
“He has been with us ever since,” VanDyke said.
Conway was a 1973 graduate of Cardinal Mooney High School and earned his bachelor’s degree from Youngstown State University.
He was a member of the Youngstown chapter of the Blue Knights, a police motorcycle organization that contributes to charitable causes. The organization’s website says it has raised money for the Michael Hartzell Scholarship Fund, Make A Wish Foundation, Hospice of the Valley and the Joe Kaluza Fund.
Robin Lees, a retired Youngstown Police lieutenant and a Blue Knights member, said that while the club includes many members, Conway was one who was active and involved.
“He was always giving of his time,” he said.
Conway’s obituary says he loved his dogs and was a supporter of the Paws and Prayers Rescue Group of Akron.
Services will be at noon Saturday at Clemente Funeral Home in Struthers, where calling hours will be from 9 a.m. to noon.
Memorial tributes in Conway’s name may be made to Paws and Prayers, P.O. Box 2864, Akron, OH 44309.
Making CD goal of grass-roots project for Chaney VPA students
May 11, 2017 12:08 a.m.
Chaney students host last show as official VPA school
September 22, 2011 12:05 a.m.
Pianist shows students how hard work pays off
Chaney VPA program praised by community members
April 24, 2015 12:05 a.m.
Chaney performers join Stand Against Racism
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The purpose of the Clothesline Project is to recognize Domestic Violence Awareness month. Through personal statements written on t- shirts appropriate to the size of the victim, the Clothesline Project explores the personal costs of domestic violence.
10/18 at 10:00 am | TSC, Sunburst Lounge | More Info
Concatenation
There will be an opening reception on 10/26 at 5 p.m.
10/18 at 10:00 am | Chase Fine Arts Center | More Info
Finding Your Place in the Aggie Family: Freshman drop-in group
This is a weekly drop-in group for students who find it unexpectedly challenging to adjust to their new life at USU. Homesickness is common and it can be tough to feel like you have made meaningful connections at USU. Balancing school, friends, and work can be hard. Making new friends in a new environment may be more difficult than you anticipated. It may not feel like you fit into the Aggie Family. These struggles are very common. In this group, you will meet other students who are facing similar challenges. It will be a confidential and judgment-free place to provide mutual support, exchange ideas, and connect with each other. Bring your own lunch to the meeting so we can eat while we talk.
10/18 at 11:30 am | Taggart Student Center | More Info
Testing like a pro
It is possible to do better on tests just by the way you approach the questions. Common sense and critical thinking are key strategies. You can come away with how to make a testing strategy and remember more for the test.
10/18 at 11:30 am | HPER Building | More Info
Graduate Training Series: Common Grad School Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
Grad school can sometimes be tricky waters to navigate, but there’s no better way to learn how than from your peers. At this GrTS, grad students who have recently finished or will soon finish their degrees will share their advice on how to be successful, followed by a Q&A session and general discussion on topics important to you.
10/18 at 12:00 pm | Merrill-Cazier Library | More Info
The Clothesline Project
The Clothesline Project is an empowering display of shirts decorated by survivors of domestic violence showcasing their experience. Each shirt portrays the experience, as well as the emotions involved, of someone in Cache Valley. The purpose of this event is to raise awareness about domestic violence and the resources available in the community. These resources include; The Center for Women & Gender, SAAVI, CAPS, Access & Diversity, The Family Place and CAPSA.
10/18 at 12:29 pm | TSC, International Lounge | More Info
CEE Water and Environmental Seminar
Tim Sheibe, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, will give a seminar presentation titled "Influences of Hydrologic Exchange Flows on River Corridor and Watershed Biogeochemical Function".
10/18 at 3:30 pm | Engineering Building | More Info
Space Dynamics Laboratory Technical Lecture
Lecture/Readings
This ongoing lecture series gives students, faculty and staff the opportunity to hear the latest in space science engineering created right here at Utah State and the Space Dynamics Laboratory.
The Republic of Nature with Mark Fiege
Historian Mark Fiege visits the Swaner Preserve to discuss his book The Republic of Nature as well as his work on national parks in the U.S. and around the world. This event is made possible with support from Utah Humanities, the Park City Library and Swaner Preserve. This event is free, but registration is required.
10/18 at 7:00 pm | Swaner EcoCenter | More Info
50th Anniversary Gala Concert
Join us for the 50th Anniversary Gala of the Chase Fine Arts center, the inaugural event in the newly renovated Daines Concert Hall. This special event is part of USU’s Year of the Arts and features the sounds of Tony Award-winning actress and singer Kelli O’Hara, along with performances from the Department of Music and the American Festival Chorus and Orchestra.
10/18 at 7:30 pm | Chase Fine Arts Center, Daines Concert Hall | More Info
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Our staff's commitment to you
Our staff is committed to providing support, compassion, information, and direction as needed to all members of our community, their families, and friends who are dealing with loss and grief.
PHILIP R. WHITE 5th Generation Owner prwhite@whiteemerson.com
Born and raised in Whittier, Phil is the fifth-generation of the White family to own and operate White Emerson Mortuary. Faith, family, food and hospitality is mostly what Phil knew through the entirety of his youth. His parents, Dave and Lynn, would host weekly Bible studies for anywhere between 10 and 100 people, all of which they would feed. Phil only remembers a handful of times that it was just his family at the dinner table; there were always additional mouths to feed. That is probably why cooking is now one of Phil’s passions.
Phil graduated from Whittier Christian High School. Saving money to go to college, he figured working for the family business was the best way to make-due (all the while making it clear he had no desire to follow in the family business). After a short period of time, funeral service called to Phil. The first hug of gratitude he received; the realization that it is ok to cry with those who hurt; and the understanding that we are serving God by comforting His children made it clear to Phil that he was here to stay. After taking over the family business, the Whittier Narrows Earthquake of 1987 destroyed the mortuary building. With the encouragement of his father, David (fourth-generation owner), Phil acted as Owner and Builder, rebuilding the current mortuary facility.
In 1984, Phil married his bride, Rebekah. Together they have two children, Paul and Annie, who both work for the family business. He is the proud grandfather to his three grandchildren. Phil has been an avid outdoor sportsman, enjoying hunting, fishing and golfing. He also loves his annual garden which aids his passion for cooking. Most of all, he is grateful for his Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ.
PAUL D. WHITE Managing Director pdwhite@whiteemerson.com
Paul White is the sixth-generation of funeral directors in his family’s business. At age 16 he attended the Mortuary Science program at Cypress College and earned an Associates degree in Mortuary Science. He went on to graduate from Biola University in La Mirada with a Bachelors degree in Biblical Studies. After college, Paul moved to Utah to work for a non-profit organization. After his time in non-profit service, he joined the funeral profession again while living in Salt Lake City. He and his family would eventually move back to California to join his family’s business in Whittier.
Paul enjoys engaging with his local community, including being a part of the Whittier Area Chamber of Commerce and a member of the Whittier Host Lions Club. In 2013, he helped found the Transitional Care Task Force (LA Chapter), a partnership of funeral service providers and hospice organizations helping families transition from hospice care to funeral service.
Paul is licensed as a Funeral Director, Embalmer and Crematory Manager in California. He also holds his Funeral Directors license in the state of Utah. Growing up around the business has had a profound impact on his life, as he has learned to appreciate every day as a gift from The Lord.
ANNIE WHITE Administrative Assistant awhite@whiteemerson.com
Annie was born and raised in La Habra, California, and is part of the founding family of White-Emerson. She holds a degree in Religious Studies from California State University, Fullerton and finds the funeral industry to be a deeply meaningful place to serve.
“Though I have worked in the family business off-and-on since I was in high school, it wasn’t until I completed my education and wanted to pursue ministry that I recognized the ministry my family was already a part of. Since this realization, though at times it is difficult, I am grateful to participate in the story my family has been involved with for generations.”
CURTIS CROSBY Family Services Director cpcrosby@whiteemerson.com
Curtis was born and raised in the rural community of Lovell, Wyoming. At the age of 14 he began assisting his brother-in-law at the local funeral home. This experience fueled his innate passion for service and – coupled with his own experience with loss – contributed to his choice of a career in funeral service. Curtis attended Cypress College and earned an associate degree in Mortuary Science. He is a licensed funeral director, embalmer, and prearrangements counselor and has been serving bereaved families for nearly 18 years.
For Curtis, the most meaningful thing about funeral service is the opportunity to serve others at their time of need. “People come to us with great inner turmoil, and we have the privilege of helping them take their first steps back to somewhat of a normal life. That is very rewarding,” he says.
True to his Wyoming roots, Curtis enjoys horseback riding, hunting, and riding quads. However, family comes first. He most enjoys spending time with his wife, kids, and extended family.
Having served a two-year mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Chile, Curtis is fluent in Spanish and works with most of the Spanish-speaking families that White Emerson Mortuary serves.
RICHARD CRAIN Family Services Coordinator rcrain@whiteemerson.com
Richard was born in Arkansas (please don’t hold this against me!). His family moved west when he was 6 years old. Raised in the San Gabriel Valley, he attended Pasadena College where he was the Drum Major of the Official Tournament of Roses Band for two consecutive years. He went on to attend East Los Angeles College and Azusa Pacific University’s Masters in Conducting Program. Answering Uncle Sam’s invitation, he took basic training at Ft. Dix, New Jersey and Military Occupation Specialties (MOS) training at Ft. Lewis, Washington. Following his military release, he worked as an Operations Manager for the former Security Pacific National Bank, before that later merged with Bank of America.
Feeling a higher-calling, he studied at Berean School of the Bible, now known as Global University in Springfield, Missouri. As a licensed minister, he served as a Worship Arts Director at First Family Church in Whittier developing musical and artistic worship expressions. During his time in ministry, he composed and created musical productions, produced choral recordings and sang with the Bonner Singers – recording in London and singing for the opening of Disneyland Paris, France. During this time he also served as musical conductor of the Southern California Edison Company Chorale, performing various community service performances.
After years in music, Richard found himself ready to step into a more personal and supportive role as a Chaplain for Silverado Hospice Company, eventually leading to his current position with White Emerson Mortuary. Richard earned his Grief Specialist Certification from the Grief Recovery Institute and conducts grief support meetings to help those who have suffered a loss. He finds great satisfaction in serving families in their greatest time of sorrow and pain. Helping them find ways of honoring their loved ones is very fulfilling.
Richard is married to his extraordinary wife, Ronalyn, and together they have two sons and two, loving daughters-in-law. His favorite pastime is spending time with his two, beautiful granddaughters.
BRIAN WILLATS Family Services Coordinator bwillats@whiteemerson.com
Brian hails from the great state of Nebraska and is a Husker through and through, graduating from the University of Nebraska in 1986. Brian spent over a decade in Michigan before moving to California in 2006. He is an ordained minister through the Christian Reformed Church of North America, and brings that pastoral experience into his position with White Emerson.
Brian considers it an honor to be with families during the arrangements for their loved ones. He is currently pursuing doctoral studies at Claremont School of Theology. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, working on his family’s genealogy, and jamming on the bass guitar.
JOY FRITZ Administrative Clerk
Being born and raised in Whittier, Joy Fritz (Grumbine) attended school in the Orchard Dale and Hillview Middle School circuit and graduated from La Serna High School. She continued her education in Ventura, California studying Liberal Arts at Thomas Aquinas College. Gravitating towards careers in the hospitality industry, she was happy to accept a position in the funeral care in 2012. She found a deep sense of fulfillment in being able to assist families in any small way during such a difficult time in their lives.
Joy began working for White-Emerson Mortuary in 2015 and loves being a part of a family-owned firm that works hard to treat each person with the dignity and honor that they themselves would want.
MIGUEL ACUNA Funeral Assistant
Miguel was born and raised in Corpus Christi, Texas where he attended Roy Miller High School. After graduating from high school, Miguel joined the United States Marine Corps where he served his country proudly for two years. After his time in the Marines, he attended college.
Miguel joined the team at White Emerson Mortuary in 1996 as a funeral assistant. “Working for White Emerson has been extremely rewarding because I get to help families in a time of need,” he shares. When he is not at work, he likes to BBQ and spend time with his children and grandchildren. He also enjoys serving in his community as an Elder through Cornerstone Celebration Center International Church in Whittier.
CECILIA VALLEZ Funeral Assistant
Though Cecilia came to White Emerson in 2014, she has actually served in the funeral industry for 18 years. Her primary responsibility is in the role of service director, assisting families and clergy in coordinating the details of funeral services, including church services, as well as ceremonies at the graveside. Cecilia is bilingual, helping her serve diverse families from the broader Whittier community. She most enjoys serving families during a sensitive time of need, helping provide comfort and peace of mind during a difficult time.
Cecilia is a native to Southern California and enjoys music and singing, surfing, spending time with her daughters, and taking long walks, spending time with God. She has been married to her husband Mike for almost 25 years; they make their home in Whittier.
PHILIP R. WHITE
5th Generation Owner
PAUL D. WHITE
ANNIE WHITE
CURTIS CROSBY
Family Services Director
RICHARD CRAIN
Family Services Coordinator
BRIAN WILLATS
JOY FRITZ
Administrative Clerk
MIGUEL ACUNA
Funeral Assistant
CECILIA VALLEZ
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To The Movies (2018)The 15:17 to Paris (2018)The Accidental Detective 2: In Action (2018)The Bookshop (2018)The Cakemaker (2018)The Captain (2018)The Catcher Was a Spy (2018)The Charmer (2018)The Children Act (2018)The China Hustle (2018)The Commuter (2018)The Darkest Minds (2018)The Dawn Wall (2018)The Death of Stalin (2018)The Endless (2018)The Equalizer 2 (2018)The Fall of the American Empire (2018)The Favourite (2018)The Final Year (2018)The Fireflies are Gone (2018)The First Purge (2018)The Fog (2018)The Front Runner (2018)The Girl in the Spider's Web: A New Dragon Tattoo Story (2018)The Gospel According to Andr� (2018)The Great Battle (2018)The Great Buster: A Celebration (2018)The Guardians (2018)The Guilty (2018)The Happy Prince (2018)The Happytime Murders (2018)The Hate U Give (2018)The Heart of Nuba (2018)The House That Jack Built (2018)The House With A Clock In Its Walls (2018)The Hurricane Heist (2018)The Insult (2018)The Island (2018) (2018)The King (2018) (2018)The Last Race (2018)The Last Resort (2018)The Last Suit (2018)The Leisure Seeker (2018)The Little Stranger (2018)The Meg (2018)The Miracle Season (2018)The Miseducation of Cameron Post (2018)The Monkey King 3 (2018)The Mule (2018)The Negotiation (2018)The Nun (2018)The Nutcracker and the Four Realms (2018)The Oath (2018) (2018)The Old Man & the Gun (2018)The Oscar Nominated Short Films 2018 (2018)The Party (2017) (2018)The Possession of Hannah Grace (2018)The Predator (2018) (2018)The Price of Everything (2018)The Rider (2018)The Riot Act (2018)The Road Movie (2018)The Seagull (2018)The Sisters Brothers (2018)The Son of Bigfoot (2018)The Spy Gone North (2018)The Spy Who Dumped Me (2018)The Third Murder (2018)The Wife (2018)The World Before Your Feet (2018)The Young Karl Marx (2018)They Shall Not Grow Old (2018)Thoroughbreds (2018)Three Identical Strangers (2018)Thugs of Hindostan (2018)Till the End of the World (2018)Tomb Raider (2018)Traffik (2018)Trust Machine: The Story of Blockchain (2018)Truth or Dare (2018)Tully (2018) (2018)Tyler Perry's Acrimony (2018)Tyrel (2018)Unbroken: Path to Redemption (2018)Uncle Drew (2018)Under the Tree (2018)Unfriended: Dark Web (2018)Unsane (2018)Unstoppable (2018) (2018)Upgrade (2018)Venom (2018) (2018)Vice (2018)Viper Club (2018)Vox Lux (2018)Wanda (2018)Wastelander (2018)We the Animals (2018)Welcome to Marwen (2018)What They Had (2018)Where Hands Touch (2018)White Boy Rick (2018)Whitney (2018)Widows (2018)Wildlife (2018)Winchester (2018)Wings of Desire (2018)Woman Walks Ahead (2018)Won't You Be My Neighbor? (2018)Ya Veremos (2018)You Were Never Really Here (2018)Zama (2018)Zero (2018)_________All of 2017 Films_______13 Minutes (2017)1945 (2017)3 Generations (2017)3 Idiotas (2017)47 Meters Down (2017)9/11 (2017)A Bad Moms Christmas (2017)A Cure for Wellness (2017)A Dog's Purpose (2017)A Gentleman (2017)A Ghost Story (2017)A Question Of Faith (2017)A Quiet Passion (2017)A Taxi Driver (2017)A United Kingdom (2017)A Woman's Life (2017)Abacus: Small Enough to Jail (2017)After the Storm (2017)Afterimage (2017)Aida's Secrets (2017)Alien: Covenant (2017)Alive and Kicking (2017)All Eyez on Me (2017)All I See is You (2017)All Saints (2017)All the Money in the World (2017)Along with the Gods: The Two Worlds (2017)American Assassin (2017)American Made (2017)American Satan (2017)An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power (2017)Annabelle: Creation (2017)Architects of Denial (2017)Atomic Blonde (2017)Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (2017)Baby Driver (2017)Badrinath Ki Dulhania (2017)Band Aid (2017)Battle of Memories (2017)Battle of the Sexes (2017)Baywatch (2017)Beach Rats (2017)Beatriz At Dinner (2017)Beautiful Accident (2017)Beauty and the Beast (2017) (2017)Because of Gracia (2017)Before I Fall (2017)Berlin Syndrome (2017)Better Watch Out (2017)Big Sonia (2017)Bill Nye: Science Guy (2017)Birdboy: The Forgotten Children (2017)Birth of the Dragon (2017)Bitter Harvest (2017)Blade of the Immortal (2017)Blade Runner 2049 (2017)Blind (2017)Bluebeard (2017)BOMBSHELL: The Hedy Lamarr Story (2017)Born in China (2017)BPM (Beats Per Minute) (2017)Brad's Status (2017)Brave New Jersey (2017)Breathe (2017) (2017)Brigsby Bear (2017)Brimstone and Glory (2017)Buddies in India (2017)Buena Vista Social Club: Adios (2017)Buster's Mal Heart (2017)California Typewriter (2017)Call Me by Your Name (2017)Canelo Vs. GGG: Supremacy (2017)Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie (2017)Carrie Pilby (2017)Cars 3 (2017)Cezanne et moi (2017)Champion (2017)Chapter & Verse (2017)Chasing the Dragon (2017)Chasing Trane: The John Coltrane Documentary (2017)Chavela (2017)CHiPs (2017)Chuck (2017)Churchill (2017)Citizen Jane (2017)City of Ghosts (2017)City of Rock (2017)Close Encounters of the Third Kind (40th Anniversary) (2017)Coco (2017)Collide (2017)Colossal (2017)Columbus (2017)Confidential Assignment (2017)Crown Heights (2017)Daddy's Home 2 (2017)Darkest Hour (2017)David Lynch: The Art Life (2017)Dean (2017)Despicable Me 3 (2017)Detroit (2017)Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (2017)Dina (2017)Dolores (2017)Donald Cried (2017)Downsizing (2017)Duckweed (2017)Dunkirk (2017)Earth: One Amazing Day (2017)Endless Poetry (2017)Everybody Loves Somebody (2017)Everything, Everything (2017)Ex Libris: The New York Public Library (2017)Ex-File 3 (Qian Ren 3) (2017)Explosion (2017)Extraordinary Mission (2017)Fabricated City (2017)Faces Places (2017)Fairy Tail: Dragon Cry (2017)False Confessions (2017)Father Figures (2017)Ferdinand (2017)Fifty Shades Darker (2017)Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool (2017)Fist Fight (2017)Flatliners (2017) (2017)Footnotes (2017)Frantz (2017)Free Fire (2017)Friend Request (2017)From the Land of the Moon (2017)Geostorm (2017)German Concentration Camps Factual Survey (2017)Get Out (2017)Ghost in the Shell (2017) (2017)Gifted (2017)Girls Trip (2017)God of War (2017)God's Own Country (2017)Going in Style (2017) (2017)Gold (2017)Golmaal Again (2017)Good Time (2017)Goodbye Christopher Robin (2017)Gook (2017)Graduation (2017)Growing Up Smith (2017)Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017)Happy Death Day (2017)Happy End (2017)Hare Krishna! The Mantra, the Movement and the Swami Who Started it All (2017)Hazlo Como Hombre (Do It Like An Hombre) (2017)Hermia & Helena (2017)Home Again (2017)Hostiles (2017)How to be a Latin Lover (2017)Human Flow (2017)I am Not Your Negro (2017)I Called Him Morgan (2017)I Do... Until I Don't (2017)I, Daniel Blake (2017)I, Tonya (2017)In the Fade (2017)Ingrid Goes West (2017)Inhumans (2017)It (2017)It Comes At Night (2017)ITTEFAQ (2017)Jab Harry Met Sejal (2017)Jagga Jasoos (2017)Jane (2017) (2017)Jasmine (2017)Jeremiah Tower (2017)Jigsaw (2017)John Wick: Chapter Two (2017)Jolly Llb 2 (2017)Journey to the West: The Demons Strike Back (2017)Judwaa 2 (2017)Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017)Just Getting Started (2017)Justice League (2017)Kedi (2017)Kidnap (2017) (2017)King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017)Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017)Kong: Skull Island (2017)Kung Fu Yoga (2017)L'important C'est D'aimer (2017)Lady Bird (2017)Lady Macbeth (2017)Landline (2017)Last Flag Flying (2017)LBJ (2017)Le Trou (2017)Leap! (2017)Let there be Light (2017)Letters from Baghdad (2017)Life (2017) (2017)Like Crazy (2017) (2017)Little Shop of Horrors: The Director's Cut (2017)Logan (2017)Logan Lucky (2017)Long Strange Trip - The Untold Story of The Grateful Dead (2017)Lost in Paris (2017)Love, Kennedy (2017)Loving Vincent (2017)Lowriders (2017)Lucky (2017)Manifesto (2017) (2017)Manolo: The Boy Who Made Shoes for Lizards (2017)Marie Curie: The Courage of Knowledge (2017)Marjorie Prime (2017)Mark Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House (2017)Marshall (2017)Maudie (2017)Mayweather vs. McGregor (2017)Megan Leavey (2017)Memoir of a Murderer (2017)Menashe (2017)Moka (2017)Molly's Game (2017)Monster Trucks (2017)mother! (2017)Mr. Gaga: A True Story of Love and Dance (2017)Mubarakan (2017)Munna Michael (2017)Murder on the Orient Express (2017) (2017)My Cousin Rachel (2017)My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea (2017)My Father Die (2017)My Friend Dahmer (2017)My Journey Through French Cinema (2017)My Life as a Zucchini (2017)My Little Pony: The Movie (2017)Naples '44 (2017)No Greater Love (2017)Norman: The Moderate Rise and Tragic Fall of a New York Fixer (2017)Novitiate (2017)Obit. (2017)Ok Jaanu (2017)Once Upon A Time (2017)One Week and a Day (2017)Only The Brave (2017)Our President (2017)Our Time Will Come (2017)Panique (2017)Paris Can Wait (2017)Past Life (2017)Patti Cake$ (2017)Pearl Jam - Let's Play Two (2017)Permanent (2017)Person To Person (2017)Personal Shopper (2017)Phantom Thread (2017)Phillauri (2017)Phoenix Forgotten (2017)Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017)Pitch Perfect 3 (2017)Polina (2017)Pop Aye (2017)Poster Boys (2017)Power Rangers (2017) (2017)Professor Marston & the Wonder Women (2017)Quest (2017) (2017)Radio Dreams (2017)Raees (2017)Railroad Tigers (2017)Rat Film (2017)Raw (2017) (2017)Rebel in the Rye (2017)Rebels on Pointe (2017)Reset (2017)Reset (Ni Shi Ying Jiu) (2017)Resident Evil: The Final Chapter (2017)Restless Creature: Wendy Whelan (2017)Rings (2017)Risk (2017)Rock Dog (2017)Roman J. Israel, Esq. (2017)Rough Night (2017)Rumble: The Indians Who Rocked The World (2017)Same Kind of Different as Me (2017)Saving Banksy (2017)Score: A Film Music Documentary (2017)Shubh Mangal Saavdhan (2017)Signature Move (2017)Slack Bay (2017)Slamma Jamma (2017)Sleepless (2017)Sleight (2017)Smurfs: The Lost Village (2017)Snatched (2017)So B. It (2017)Some Like It Hot (Qing Shung) (2017)Song to Song (2017)Sophie and the Rising Sun (2017)Spark: A Space Tail (2017)Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017)Spirited Away (Fathom Event) (2017)Split (2017)Stalker (2017)Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017)Staying Vertical (2017)Stefan Zweig: Farewell to Europe (2017)Step (2017) (2017)Stronger (2017)Suburbicon (2017)Super Dark Times (2017)T2: Trainspotting (2017)Table 19 (2017)Take Every Wave: The Life of Liard Hamilton (2017)Te Ata (2017)Terminator 2: Judgment Day 3D (2017)Thank You for Your Service (2017) (2017)The Adventurers (2017)The B-Side: Elsa Dorfman's Portrait Photography (2017)The Bad Batch (2017)The Ballad of Lefty Brown (2017)The Battleship Island (2017)The Beguiled (2017) (2017)The Belko Experiment (2017)The Big Sick (2017)The Blackcoat's Daughter (2017)The Book of Henry (2017)The Boss Baby (2017)The Breadwinner (2017)The Bye Bye Man (2017)The Case for Christ (2017)The Circle (2017) (2017)The Commune (2017)The Crime of Monsieur Lange (2017)The Dark Tower (2017)The Devotion of Suspect X (2017)The Dinner (2017)The Disaster Artist (2017)The Emoji Movie (2017)The Exception (2017)The Fate of the Furious (2017)The Fencer (2017)The Florida Project (2017)The Force (2017) (2017)The Foreigner (2017)The Fortress (2017)The Founder (2017)The Glass Castle (2017)The Great Wall (2017)The Greatest Showman (2017)The Hero (2017)The Hitman's Bodyguard (2017)The House (2017)The Journey (2017)The Killing of a Sacred Deer (2017)The King's Case Note (2017)The King's Choice (2017)The Last Dalai Lama? (2017)The Last Word (2017)The LEGO Batman Movie (2017)The LEGO Ninjago Movie (2017)The Little Hours (2017)The Lost City of Z (2017)The Lovers (2017)The Lucky Man (2017)The Lure (2017)The Man Who Invented Christmas (2017)The Marseille Trilogy (2017)The Mayor (2017)The Midwife (2017)The Mountain Between Us (2017)The Mummy (2017) (2017)The Nut Job 2: Nutty by Nature (2017)The Only Living Boy in New York (2017)The Ornithologist (2017)The Oscar Nominated Short Films 2017 (2017)The Other Side of Hope (2017)The Ottoman Lieutenant (2017)The Passion of Joan of Arc (2017)The Persian Connection (2017)The Post (2017)The Prison (2017)The Promise (2017) (2017)The Red Turtle (2017)The Resurrection of Gavin Stone (2017)The Salesman (2017)The Sense of an Ending (2017)The Shack (2017)The Shape of Water (2017)The Snowman (2017)The Space Between Us (2017)The Square (2017)The Star (2017)The Stray (2017)The Sunshine Makers (2017)The Swindlers (2017)The Thousand Faces Of Dunjia (2017)The Trip to Spain (2017)The Trouble with Terkel (2017) (2017)The Unknown Girl (2017)The Void (2017)The Wall (2017)The Wedding Plan (2017)The Women's Balcony (2017)The Wrong Light (2017)The Zookeeper's Wife (2017)Their Finest (2017)Thelma (2017)This Is Not What I Expected (2017)Thor: Ragnarok (2017)Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017)Tiger Zinda Hai (2017)Til Death Do Us Part (2017)Tim Timmerman, Hope of America (2017)Toilet: Ek Prem Katha (2017)Tom of Finland (2017)Tommy's Honour (2017)Tomorrow (2017)Transformers: The Last Knight (2017)Truman (2017)Tubelight (2017)Tulip Fever (2017)Twenty Two (2017)Tyler Perry's Boo 2! A Madea Halloween (2017)Un Padre No Tan Padre (2017)Underworld: Blood Wars (2017)Unforgettable (2017) (2017)Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets (2017)Valley of Bones (2017)Viceroy's House (2017)Victor (2017)Victoria and Abdul (2017)Vince Giordano: There's a Future in the Past (2017)Wait For Your Laugh (2017)Wakefield (2017)Walk With Me (2017)Walking Out (2017)War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)Warriors of the Dawn (2017)WASTED! The Story of Food Waste (2017)We Love You, Sally Carmichael! (2017)Whose Streets? (2017)Wilson (2017)Wind River (2017)Wish Upon (2017)Wolf Warrior 2 (2017)Wonder (2017)Wonder Wheel (2017)Wonder Woman (2017)Wonderstruck (2017)Woodshock (2017)Worlds Apart (2017)xXx: The Return of Xander Cage (2017)Your Name. (2017)Youth (2017) (2017)_________All of 2016 Films_______10 Cloverfield Lane (2016)13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi (2016)2016 Oscar Nominated Short Films (2016)20th Century Women (2016)3 Weeks in Yerevan (2016)A Aa (2016)A Beautiful Planet (2016)A Bigger Splash (2016)A Hologram for the King (2016)A Kind of Murder (2016)A Man Called Ove (2016)A Melody to Remember (2016)A Monster Calls (2016)A Street Cat Named Bob (2016)A Tale of Love and Darkness (2016)A War (2016)Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie (2016)Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (2016)Aferim! (2016)Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016)Allied (2016)Almost Christmas (2016)Already Tomorrow in Hong Kong (2016)American Honey (2016)American Pastoral (2016)AmeriGeddon (2016)Anesthesia (2016)Anomalisa (2016)Anonymous (2016)Anthropoid (2016)Approaching the Unknown (2016)April and the Extraordinary World (2016)Aquarius (2016)Arrival (2016)Art Bastard (2016)Assassin's Creed (2016)Asura: The City of Madness (2016)Author: The JT LeRoy Story (2016)Baaghi (2016)Baar Baar Dekho (2016)Bad Moms (2016)Bad Santa 2 (2016)Band of Outsiders (2016)Band of Robbers (2016)Barbershop: The Next Cut (2016)Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)Be Somebody (2016)Befikre (2016)Being 17 (2016)Being Charlie (2016)Believe (2016)Ben-Hur (2016) (2016)Best Worst Thing That Ever Could Have Happened (2016)Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk (2016)Blackway (2016)Blair Witch (2016)Bleed for This (2016)Boo! A Madea Halloween (2016)Born to be Blue (2016)Bridget Jones's Baby (2016)Busco Novio Para Mi Mujer (2016)Cafe Society (2016)Caged No More (2016)Captain America: Civil War (2016)Captain Fantastic (2016)Central Intelligence (2016)Certain Women (2016)Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Band Singh Bahadur (2016)Chevalier (2016)Chimes at Midnight (2016)Chongqing Hot Pot (2016)Chosen (2016)Christine (2016)City of Gold (2016)Clown (2016)Cock and Bull (2016)Cold War 2 (2016)Collateral Beauty (2016)Colliding Dreams (2016)Compadres (2016)Complete Unknown (2016)Creative Control (2016)Criminal (2016)Dancer (2016)Dangal (2016)Dark Horse (2016)Daughters of the Dust (2016)Dawson City: Frozen Time (2016)De Palma (2016)Deadpool (2016)Dear Zindagi (2016)Deepwater Horizon (2016)Demolition (2016)Demon (2016)Denial (2016)Desierto (2016)Detective Chinatown (2016)Devil and Angel (2016)Dheepan (2016)Diary of a Chambermaid (2016)Dictator (2016)Dirty Grandpa (2016)Dishoom (2016)Disorder (2016)Disturbing the Peace (2016)Do Not Resist (2016)Doctor Strange (2016)Don't Breathe (2016)Don't Think Twice (2016)DONGJU: The Portrait of a Poet (2016)Dough (2016)Eat That Question: Frank Zappa in His Own Words (2016)Eddie the Eagle (2016)Eisenstein in Guanajuato (2016)El Clan (2016)Elevator to the Gallows (2016)Elle (2016)Elvis & Nixon (2016)Embrace of the Serpent (2016)Equals (2016)Equity (2016)Eva Hesse (2016)Everybody Wants Some!! (2016)Evolution (2016)Eye in the Sky (2016)Fan (2016)Fantastic Beasts and Where To Find Them (2016)Fences (2016)Fifty Shades of Black (2016)Finding Dory (2016)Fitoor (2016)Five Nights in Maine (2016)Florence Foster Jenkins (2016)For a Few Bullets (2016)Francofonia (2016)Frank and Lola (2016)Free State of Jones (2016)From Afar (2016)Genius (2016)Gentleman (2016)Ghost Team (2016)Ghostbusters (2016) (2016)Gimme Danger (2016)Girl Asleep (2016)Gleason (2016)Goat (2016)God's Not Dead 2 (2016)Gods of Egypt (2016)Greater (2016)Green Room (2016)Hacksaw Ridge (2016)Hail, Caesar! (2016)Hands of Stone (2016)Happy Bhaag Jayegi (2016)Hardcore Henry (2016)Harry & Snowman (2016)Harry Benson: Shoot First (2016)Harry Potter IMAX Marathon (2016)Hell or High Water (2016)Hello, My Name is Doris (2016)Hidden Figures (2016)Hieronymus Bosch: Touched by the Devil (2016)High Strung (2016)High-Rise (2016)Hillary's America: The Secret History of the Democratic Party (2016)Hillsong - Let Hope Rise (2016)Ho Mann Jahaan (2016)Hockney (2016)Holy Hell (2016)Housefull 3 (2016)How to Be Single (2016)Howards End (2016)Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016)I Am Not Madame Bovary (2016)I Belonged to You (2016)I Knew Her Well (2016)I Saw the Light (2016)I'm Not Ashamed (2016)Ice Age: Collision Course (2016)In a Valley of Violence (2016)In the Shadow of Women (2016)Incarnate (2016)Independence Day: Resurgence (2016)Indignation (2016)Inferno (2016)Ip Man 3 (2016)ISM (2016)Ixcanul (2016)Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016)Jackie (2016)Jane Got a Gun (2016)Jason Bourne (2016)Jimmy Vestvood: Amerikan Hero (2016)Julieta (2016)Kabali (2016)Kahaani 2 (2016)Kamikaze '89 (2016)Kapoor & Sons - Since 1921 (2016)Kaptaan (2016)Keanu (2016)Keeping Up with the Joneses (2016)Kevin Hart: What Now? (2016)Ki & Ka (2016)Kicks (2016)Kill Me, Deadly (2016)King Cobra (2016)Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy: XV (2016)Knight of Cups (2016)Krisha (2016)Ktown Cowboys (2016)Kubo and the Two Strings (2016)Kung Fu Panda 3 (2016)L'attesa (2016)La La Land (2016)Lamb (2016)Land of Mine (2016)Lazer Team (2016)Les cowboys (2016)Life, Animated (2016)Lights Out (2016)Like for Likes (2016)Lion (2016)Little Men (2016)Live By Night (2016)Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World (2016)London Has Fallen (2016)Los Sures (2016)Louder than Bombs (2016)Love & Friendship (2016)Love Me True (2016)Loving (2016)Luck-Key (2016)M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016)Ma ma (2016)Maggie's Plan (2016)Manchester by the Sea (2016)Marguerite (2016)Master (2016)Masterminds (2016)Max Rose (2016)Max Steel (2016)Me Before You (2016)Mechanic: Resurrection (2016)Meet the Blacks (2016)Men & Chicken (2016)Mia Madre (2016)Michael Moore In TrumpLand (2016)Middle School: The Worst Years of My Life (2016)Midnight Special (2016)Mifune: The Last Samurai (2016)Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (2016)Miles Ahead (2016)Miracles from Heaven (2016)Miss Hokusai (2016)Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016)Miss Sharon Jones (2016)Miss Sloane (2016)Moana (2016)Mohenjo Daro (2016)Money Monster (2016)Monster Hunt (2016)Moonlight (2016)Morgan (2016)Morris from America (2016)Mother's Day (2016)Mr. Church (2016)Mr. Donkey (2016)Mr. Right (2016)Multiple Maniacs (2016)My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 (2016)My Golden Days (2016)My Love, Don't Cross that River (2016)Naam Hai Akira (2016)Neerja (2016)Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising (2016)Neruda (2016)Nerve (2016)New World Order (2016)New York, New York (2016)Nine Lives (2016) (2016)No Manches Frida (2016)No One's Life Is Easy: So I Married an Anti-Fan (2016)Nocturnal Animals (2016)Norm of the North (2016)Norman Lear: Just Another Version of You (2016)Now You See Me 2 (2016)Oasis: Supersonic (2016)Ocean Waves (2016)Off the Rails (2016)Office Christmas Party (2016)Only Yesterday (2016)Operation Chromite (2016)Operation Mekong (2016)Other People (2016)Ouija: Origin of Evil (2016)Our Kind of Traitor (2016)Our Little Sister (2016)Papa: Hemingway in Cuba (2016)Passengers (2016) (2016)Paterson (2016)Patriots Day (2016)Pele: Birth of a Legend (2016)Pete's Dragon (2016)Peter and the Farm (2016)Phantom Boy (2016)Phantom Detective (2016)Phantom of the Theatre (2016)Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016)Premam (2016)Presenting Princess Shaw (2016)Priceless (2016)Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2016)Puerto Ricans in Paris (2016)Queen of Katwe (2016)Rabin, the Last Day (2016)Race (2016)Raiders!: The Story of the Greatest Fan Film Ever Made (2016)Rams (2016)Ratchet & Clank (2016)Regression (2016)Remember (2016)Remember the Goal (2016)Remember You (2016)Requiem for the American Dream (2016)Revelation: Dawn of Global Government (2016)Ride Along 2 (2016)Risen (2016)Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)Rules Don't Apply (2016)Saala Khadoos (2016)Sanam Teri Kasam (2016)Sand Storm (2016)Saturday's Warrior (2016)Sausage Party (2016)Search Engines (2016)Seasons (2016)Sembene! (2016)Seondal: The Man Who Sells the River (2016)Seoul Searching (2016)Shangri-La Suite (2016)Shin Godzilla (2016)Shut In (2016)Silence (2016)Sing (2016)Sing Street (2016)Sky on Fire (2016)Snowden (2016)So Young 2: Never Gone (2016)Southside with You (2016)Spirit of the Game (2016)Star Trek Beyond (2016)Storks (2016)Suicide Squad (2016)Sully (2016)Sultan (2016)Summertime (2016)Sunset Song (2016)Sweet 20 (2016)Sweet Bean (2016)Sweet Sixteen (2016)Swiss Army Man (2016)Sword Master (2016)Tale of Tales (2016)Tampopo (2016)Te3n (2016)Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows (2016)The 5th Wave (2016)The Accountant (2016)The Age of Shadows (2016)The Angry Birds Movie (2016)The Bad Kids (2016)The Battle of Algiers (2016)The Beatles: Eight Days a Week - The Touring Years (2016)The BFG (2016)The Birth of a Nation (2016)The Boss (2016)The Bounce Back (2016)The Boy (2016)The Boy and the Beast (2016)The Brand New Testament (2016)The Bronze (2016)The Brothers Grimsby (2016)The Choice (2016)The Club (2016)The Comedian (2016)The Congressman (2016)The Conjuring 2 (2016)The Dark Horse (2016)The Darkness (2016)The Disappointments Room (2016)The Divergent Series: Allegiant (2016)The Dressmaker (2016)The Eagle Huntress (2016)The Edge of Seventeen (2016)The Eyes of My Mother (2016)The Fallen Idol (2016)The Family Fang (2016)The Finest Hours (2016)The First Monday in May (2016)The Fits (2016)The Forest (2016)The Girl on the Train (2016)The Greasy Strangler (2016)The Handmaiden (2016)The Hollars (2016)The Homeless Billionaire (2016)The Huntsman: Winter's War (2016)The Infiltrator (2016)The Innocents (2016)The Invitation (2016)The Jungle Book (2016)The Kind Words (2016)The Land (2016)The Last Man on the Moon (2016)The Legend of Tarzan (2016)The Light Between Oceans (2016)The Lion in Winter (2016)The Little Prince (2016)The Lobster (2016)The Love Witch (2016)The Lovers and the Despot (2016)The Magnificent Seven (2016)The Man Who Knew Infinity (2016)The Masked Saint (2016)The Meddler (2016)The Mermaid (2016)The Monkey King 2 in 3D (2016)The Monster (2016)The Music of Strangers (2016)The Neon Demon (2016)The New Year's Eve of Old Lee (2016)The Nice Guys (2016)The Ones Below (2016)The Other Side of the Door (2016)The People vs. Fritz Bauer (2016)The Perfect Match (2016)The Purge: Election Year (2016)The Romans (2016)The Secret Life of Pets (2016)The Shallows (2016)The Take (2016)The Tenth Man (2016)The Treasure (2016)The Wailing (2016)The Wasted Times (2016)The Wave (2016)The Wild Life (2016)The Witch (2016)The Witness (2016)The Young Messiah (2016)Therapy for a Vampire (2016)Things To Come (2016)Three (2016)Tickled (2016)Time Renegades (2016)Time to Choose (2016)Toni Erdmann (2016)Touched with Fire (2016)Tower (2016)Train to Busan (2016)Trapped (2016)Triple 9 (2016)Trolls (2016)Tunnel (2016)Under the Shadow (2016)Under the Sun (2016)Unsullied (2016)Until Forever (2016)Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe (2016)Victor (2016)Vita Activa: The Spirit of Hannah Arendt (2016)Viva (2016)Voiceless (2016)War Dogs (2016)Warcraft (2016)Wazir (2016)We Are X (2016)Wedding Doll (2016)Weiner (2016)When the Bough Breaks (2016)Where to Invade Next (2016)Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (2016)White Girl (2016)Why Him? (2016)Wiener-Dog (2016)Wild Oats (2016)X-Men: Apocalypse (2016)Zero Days (2016)Zoolander 2 (2016)Zootopia (2016)_________All of 2015 Films_______1915 (2015)20 Once Again (2015)2015 Oscar Nominated Short Films (2015)3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets (2015)3 Hearts (2015)45 Years (2015)5 Flights Up (2015)5 to 7 (2015)90 Minutes in Heaven (2015)99 Homes (2015)A Ballerina's Tale (2015)A Borrowed Identity (2015)A Brilliant Young Mind (2015)A Fool (2015)A Journey Through Time with Anthony (2015)A La Mala (2015)A LEGO Brickumentary (2015)A Little Chaos (2015)A Most Violent Year (2015)A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence (2015)A Poem Is a Naked Person (2015)A Royal Night Out (2015)A Walk in the Woods (2015)ABCD 2 (2015)About Elly (2015)Above and Beyond (2015)Adult Beginners (2015)All Things Must Pass (2015)Aloha (2015)Alvin and the Chipmunks The Road Chip (2015)American Ultra (2015)Amy (2015)An Honest Liar (2015)Animals (2015)Ant-Man (2015)Appropriate Behavior (2015)Ardor (2015)Area 51 (2015)Assassination (2015)Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)Baahubali: The Beginning (2015)Badlapur (2015)Bajirao Mastani (2015)Bajrangi Bhaijaan (2015)Ballet 422 (2015)Bangistan (2015)Batkid Begins (2015)Beasts of No Nation (2015)Beloved Sisters (2015)Best of Enemies (2015)Beyond the Mask (2015)Beyond the Reach (2015)Big Game (2015)Big Stone Gap (2015)Black Mass (2015)Black or White (2015)Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution (2015)Black Sea (2015)Blackbird (2015)Blackhat (2015)Bombay Velvet (2015)Boruto: Naruto the Movie (2015)Boulevard (2015)Boy and the World (2015)Bridge of Spies (2015)Brooklyn (2015)Brotherly Love (2015)Brothers: Blood Against Blood (2015)Buen Dia, Ramon (2015)Burnt (2015)By the Sea (2015)C'Est Si Bon (2015)Cake (2015)Captive (2015)Carol (2015)Cartel Land (2015)Carter High (2015)Censored Voices (2015)Chappie (2015)Chi-Raq (2015)Child 44 (2015)Chocolate City (2015)Christmas Eve (2015)Cinderella (2015)Clouds of Sils Maria (2015)Coming Home (2015)Concussion (2015)Cooties (2015)Cop Car (2015)Creed (2015)Crimson Peak (2015)Daddy's Home (2015)Danny Collins (2015)Dark Places (2015)David and Goliath (2015)Deli Man (2015)Desert Dancer (2015)Detective Byomkesh Bakshy (2015)Detective K: Secret of the Lost Island (2015)Difret (2015)Digging for Fire (2015)Dil Dhadakne Do (2015)Dilwale (2015)Dior and I (2015)Do I Sound Gay? (2015)Do You Believe? (2015)Don Verdean (2015)Don't Think I've Forgotten: Cambodia's Lost Rock and Roll (2015)Dope (2015)Dragon Ball Z: Resurrection 'F' (2015)Dragon Blade (2015)Eden (2015)Entertainment (2015)Entourage (2015)Escobar: Paradise Lost (2015)Everest (2015)Every Secret Thing (2015)Ex Machina (2015)Experimenter (2015)Extraction (2015)Faith of Our Fathers (2015)Fall in Love Like a Star (2015)Fantastic Four - 2015 (2015)Far from the Madding Crowd (2015)Felix and Meira (2015)Fifty Shades of Grey (2015)Focus (2015)Forever Young (2015)Freeheld (2015)Freetown (2015)Furious 7 (2015)Gabbar is Back (2015)Game of Thrones (2015)Gemma Bovery (2015)Get Hard (2015)Gett: The Trial of Viviane Amsalem (2015)Go Away Mr. Tumor (2015)Good Kill (2015)Goodbye Mr. Loser (2015)Goodnight Mommy (2015)Goosebumps (2015)Grandma (2015)Hamari Adhuri Kahani (2015)He Named Me Malala (2015)Heart of a Dog (2015)Heaven Knows What (2015)Heist (2015)Hell and Back (2015)Heneral Luna (2015)Hitchcock/Truffaut (2015)Hitman: Agent 47 (2015)Home (2015)Hot Pursuit (2015)Hot Tub Time Machine 2 (2015)Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015)Human Capital (2015)I (2015)I Am Big Bird (2015)I Smile Back (2015)I'll See You In My Dreams (2015)In Jackson Heights (2015)In the Heart of the Sea (2015)In the Name of my Daughter (2015)Infinitely Polar Bear (2015)Ingrid Bergman: In Her Own Words (2015)Inside Out (2015)Insidious Chapter 3 (2015)Insurgent (2015)Iris (2015)Irrational Man (2015)It Follows (2015)James White (2015)Janis: Little Girl Blue (2015)Jem and the Holograms (2015)Jimmy's Hall (2015)Joy (2015)Jupiter Ascending (2015)Jurassic World (2015)Kahlil Gibran's The Prophet (2015)Katti Batti (2015)Kill Me Three Times (2015)Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015)Knock Knock (2015)Krampus (2015)Kumiko, The Treasure Hunter (2015)Kung Fu Killer (2015)Labyrinth of Lies (2015)Ladrones (2015)Lambert & Stamp (2015)Learning to Drive (2015)Legend (2015)Let's Get Married (2015)Lila & Eve (2015)Listen to Me Marlon (2015)Little Boy (2015)Lost in Hong Kong (2015)Lost River (2015)Love (2015)Love & Mercy (2015)Love and Lost (2015)Love the Coopers (2015)Macbeth (2015)Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)Madame Bovary (2015)Maggie (2015)Magic Mike XXL (2015)Man From Reno (2015)Manglehorn (2015)Maps to the Stars (2015)Max (2015)Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015)McFarland, USA (2015)Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (2015)Meet the Patels (2015)Memories of the Sword (2015)Merchants of Doubt (2015)Meru (2015)Minions (2015)Miss You Already (2015)Mission: Impossible - Rogue Nation (2015)Mississippi Grind (2015)Mistress America (2015)Mojin: The Lost Legend (2015)Mommy (2015)Monkey Kingdom (2015)Mortdecai (2015)Mr. Holmes (2015)Mr. Six (2015)Mr. X (2015)Mustang (2015)My All American (2015)Nasty Baby (2015)No Escape (2015)Noble (2015)Noma My Perfect Storm (2015)Northern Limit Line (2015)Nowitzki (2015)Old Fashioned (2015)Once I Was a Beehive (2015)Only You (2015)Our Brand Is Crisis (2015)Paddington (2015)Pan (2015)Paper Towns (2015)Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension (2015)Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 (2015)Pawn Sacrifice (2015)Peggy Guggenheim Art Addict (2015)People Places Things (2015)Phantom (2015)Phoenix (2015)Pierrot le fou (2015)Piku (2015)Pitch Perfect 2 (2015)Pixels (2015)Point Break (2015)Poltergeist (2015)Prem Ratan Dhan Payo (2015)Project Almanac (2015)Pyaar Ka Punchnama 2 (2015)Queen and Country (2015)Red Army (2015)Results (2015)Ricki and the Flash (2015)Road Hard (2015)Roar (2015)Rock The Kasbah (2015)Room (2015)Rosenwald (2015)Run All Night (2015)Running Man (2015)Runoff (2015)Saint Laurent (2015)Samba (2015)San Andreas (2015)Scouts Guide to the Zombie Apocalypse (2015)Secret in their Eyes (2015)Self/Less (2015)Serena (2015)Seventh Son (2015)Seymour: An Introduction (2015)Shaandaar (2015)Shamitabh (2015)Shanghai (2015)Shaun the Sheep Movie (2015)She's Funny That Way (2015)Sicario (2015)Singh is Bling (2015)Sinister 2 (2015)Sisters (2015)Sleeping with Other People (2015)Slow West (2015)Snow Girl and the Dark Crystal (2015)Somewhere Only We Know (2015)Son of Saul (2015)Song One (2015)Southpaw (2015)Spare Parts (2015)Spectre (2015)Spotlight (2015)Spring (2015)Spy (2015)Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)Steve Jobs (2015)Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine (2015)Still Alice (2015)Stonewall (2015)Straight Outta Compton (2015)Strange Magic (2015)Strangerland (2015)Suffragette (2015)Sunshine Superman (2015)Taken 3 (2015)Talvar (2015)Tamasha (2015)Tangerine (2015)Tangerines (2015)Tanu Weds Manu Returns (2015)Tap World (2015)Ted 2 (2015)Terminator: Genisys (2015)Testament of Youth (2015)Tevar (2015)The 100-Year Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared (2015)The 33 (2015)The Advocate: A Missing Body (2015)The Age of Adaline (2015)The Apu Trilogy (2015)The Ark of Mr. Chow (2015)The Assassin (2015)The Beauty Inside (2015)The Big Short (2015)The Boy Next Door (2015)The Chronicles of Evil (2015)The Connection (2015)The D Train (2015)The Danish Girl (2015)The Diary of a Teenage Girl (2015)The DUFF (2015)The End of the Tour (2015)The Farewell Party (2015)The Gallows (2015)The Gift (2015)The Good Dinosaur (2015)The Green Inferno (2015)The Gunman (2015)The Hateful Eight (2015)The Himalayas (2015)The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2 (2015)The Hunting Ground (2015)The Intern (2015)The Lady in the Car with Glasses and a Gun (2015)The Lady in the Van (2015)The Last 5 Years (2015)The Last Witch Hunter (2015)The Last Women Standing (2015)The Lazarus Effect (2015)The Letters (2015)The Loft (2015)The Longest Ride (2015)The Look of Silence (2015)The Man From U.N.C.L.E. (2015)The Man in 3B (2015)The Martian (2015)The New Girlfriend (2015)The Night Before (2015)The Office (2015)The Overnight (2015)The Peanuts Movie (2015)The Perfect Guy (2015)The Phone (2015)The Priests (2015)The Quay Brothers in 35mm (2015)The Revenant (2015)The Salt of the Earth (2015)The Search for General Tso (2015)The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2015)The Second Mother (2015)The Seven Five (2015)The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water (2015)The Stanford Prison Experiment (2015)The Taking of Tiger Mountain (2015)The Tales of Hoffmann (2015)The Third Man (2015)The Transporter Refueled (2015)The Tribe (2015)The Vatican Tapes (2015)The Visit (2015)The Walk (2015)The Water Diviner (2015)The Wedding Ringer (2015)The Winding Stream (2015)The Witness (2015)The Wolfpack (2015)The Woman in Black 2: Angel of Death (2015)The Wonders (2015)The Wrecking Crew (2015)The Yes Men Are Revolting (2015)The Young & Prodigious T.S. Spivet (2015)Theeb (2015)Timbuktu (2015)Tomorrowland (2015)Trainwreck (2015)True Story (2015)Trumbo (2015)Truth (2015)Turbo Kid (2015)Twenty (2015)Un Gallo con Muchos Huevos (2015)Unbranded (2015)Unfinished Business (2015)Unfriended (2015)Vacation (2015)Veteran (2015)Victor Frankenstein (2015)War Room (2015)WARx2 (2015)We Are Your Friends (2015)Welcome Back (2015)Welcome to Me (2015)What We Do in the Shadows (2015)When Marnie Was There (2015)Where Hope Grows (2015)While We're Young (2015)White God (2015)Wild City (2015)Wild Tales (2015)Woman in Gold (2015)Woodlawn (2015)Yellow Day (2015)Youth (2015)Z for Zachariah (2015)_________All of 2014 Films_______1,000 Times Good Night (2014)12 O'Clock Boys (2014)2 States (2014)20,000 Days on Earth (2014)2014 Oscar Nominated Short Films (2014)22 Jump Street (2014)23 Blast (2014)3 Days to Kill (2014)300: Rise of An Empire (2014)50 to 1 (2014)A Birders Guide to Everything (2014)A Coffee in Berlin (2014)A Field in England (2014)A Five Star Life (2014)A Haunted House 2 (2014)A Matter of Faith (2014)A Million Ways to Die in the West (2014)A Most Wanted Man (2014)A Summer's Tale (2014)A Tale of Winter (2014)A Walk Among the Tombstones (2014)About Last Night (2014)Action Jackson (2014)Addicted (2014)Afflicted (2014)Alan Partridge: The Movie (2014)Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (2014)Alive Inside (2014)Alphaville (2014)America (2014)American Mustang (2014)American Sniper (2014)Anchorman 2 (2014)And So It Goes (2014)Anita (2014)Annabelle (2014)Annie (2014)Antarctica: A Year on Ice (2014)Art and Craft (2014)Art of the Steal (2014)As Above/So Below (2014)At Middleton (2014)Atlas Shrugged Part III: Who Is John Galt? (2014)Awake: The Life of Yogananda (2014)Back in Time (2014)Bad Words (2014)Bang Bang (2014)Bears (2014)Before I Go To Sleep (2014)Begin Again (2014)Beijing Love Story (2014)Belle (2014)Bethlehem (2014)Better Living Through Chemistry (2014)Beyond Sight: The Derek Rabelo Story (2014)Beyond the Lights (2014)Big Bad Wolves (2014)Big Eyes (2014)Big Hero 6 (2014)Birdman (2014)Blended (2014)Blood Ties (2014)Blue Ruin (2014)Boyhood (2014)Breakup Buddies (2014)Breathe In (2014)Brick Mansions (2014)But Always (2014)Calvary (2014)Cantinflas (2014)Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)Cesar Chavez (2014)Cheap Thrills (2014)Chef (2014)Child of God (2014)Chinese Puzzle (2014)Citizen Koch (2014)Citizenfour (2014)Code Black (2014)Coherence (2014)Cold Comes the Night (2014)Cold in July (2014)Cuban Fury (2014)Dancing in Jaffa (2014)Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)Dear White People (2014)Decoding Annie Parker (2014)Deliver Us From Evil (2014)Devil's Due (2014)Diplomacy (2014)Divergent (2014)Dolphin Tale 2 (2014)Dom Hemingway (2014)Dr. Cabbie (2014)Dracula Untold (2014)Draft Day (2014)Dragon Ball Z: Battle of Gods (2014)Dumb and Dumber To (2014)Earth to Echo (2014)Edge of Tomorrow (2014)Ek Villain (2014)Elaine Stritch: Shoot Me (2014)Elena (2014)Endless Love (2014)Enemy (2014)Ernest & Celestine (2014)Exodus: Gods and Kings (2014)Fading Gigolo (2014)Fed Up (2014)Filmistaan (2014)Finding Fanny (2014)Finding Vivian Maier (2014)Flamenco, Flamenco (2014)Force Majeure (2014)Forrest Gump (2014)Fort McCoy (2014)Foxcatcher (2014)Frank (2014)Frank Miller's Sin City: A Dame to Kill For (2014)Frankie & Alice (2014)Fury (2014)Generation War (2014)Get On Up (2014)Gimme Shelter (2014)Girl on a Bicycle (2014)Glen Campbell... I'll Be Me (2014)Gloria (2014)God the Father (2014)God's Not Dead (2014)God's Pocket (2014)Godzilla (2014) (2014)Gone Girl (2014)Gore Vidal: United States of Amnesia (2014)Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)Haider (2014)Happy Ending (2014)Happy Valley (2014)Hasee Toh Phasee (2014)Heaven is for Real (2014)Hector And The Search For Happiness (2014)Hercules (2014)Heropanti (2014)Highway (2014)Holiday (2014)Horns (2014)Horrible Bosses 2 (2014)How to Train Your Dragon 2 (2014)Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania (2014)I Origins (2014)I, Frankenstein (2014)Ida (2014)If I Stay (2014)If You Build It (2014)In Bloom (2014)In No Great Hurry: 13 Lessons in Life with Saul Leiter (2014)In Secret (2014)Inherent Vice (2014)Innocence (2014)Interior. Leather Bar. (2014)Interstellar (2014)Into The Storm (2014)Into the Woods (2014)Island of Lemurs: Madagascar (2014)Ivory Tower (2014)Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014)Jai Ho (2014)James Cameron's Deepsea Challenge 3D (2014)Je T'aime, Je T'aime (2014)Jealousy (2014)Jersey Boys (2014)Jimi: All Is By My Side (2014)Jinn (2014)Jodorowsky's Dune (2014)Joe (2014)John Wick (2014)Just a Sigh (2014)K2: Siren of the Himalayas (2014)Keep On Keepin' On (2014)Khoobsurat (2014)Kick (2014)Kids For Cash (2014)Kill the Messenger (2014)Knights of Badassdom (2014)Kochadaiiyaan (2014)Korengal (2014)Kundo: Age of the Rampant (2014)Labor Day (2014)Laggies (2014)Land Ho! (2014)Last Days in Vietnam (2014)Le Chef (2014)Le Week-End (2014)Left Behind (2014)Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return (2014)Let's Be Cops (2014)Leviathan (2014)Life After Beth (2014)Life Itself (2014)Life of a King (2014)Life of Crime (2014)Like Father, Like Son (2014)Listen Up Philip (2014)Locke (2014)Love is Strange (2014)Love on the Cloud (2014)Lucy (2014)Magic in the Moonlight (2014)Magician: The Astonishing Life and Work of Orson Welles (2014)Main Tera Hero (2014)Make Your Move (2014)Maleficent (2014)Mary Kom (2014)Mas Negro Que La Noche (2014)Meet the Mormons (2014)Men, Women & Children (2014)Million Dollar Arm (2014)Mistaken for Strangers (2014)Mommy (2014)Moms' Night Out (2014)Mood Indigo (2014)Mr. Peabody & Sherman (2014)Mr. Turner (2014)Muppets Most Wanted (2014)My Old Lady (2014)National Gallery (2014)Need for Speed (2014)Neighbors (2014)Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (2014)Night Moves (2014)Nightcrawler (2014)No Good Deed (2014)Noah (2014)Non-Stop (2014)Not Cool (2014)NOW: In the Wings on a World Stage (2014)Nymphomaniac: Volume I (2014)Nymphomaniac: Volume II (2014)Obvious Child (2014)Oculus (2014)Ode to My Father (2014)On Any Sunday: The Next Chapter (2014)On My Way (2014)One Chance (2014)Only Lovers Left Alive (2014)Ouija (2014)P.K. (2014)Palo Alto (2014)Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones (2014)Particle Fever (2014)Penguins of Madagascar (2014)Persecuted (2014)Ping Pong Summer (2014)Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014)Pompeii (2014)Pride (2014)Pump (2014)Raja Natwarlal (2014)Raze (2014)Redwood Highway (2014)Repentance (2014)Ride Along (2014)Rio 2 (2014)Rob the Mob (2014)RoboCop (2014)Rosewater (2014)Rudderless (2014)Sabotage (2014)Sagrada: The Mystery of Creation (2014)Saving Christmas (2014)Saw 10th Anniversary (2014)Selma (2014)Sex Tape (2014)Shaadi Ke Side Effects (2014)She's Beautiful When She's Angry (2014)Singham Returns (2014)Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks (2014)Snowpiercer (2014)Son of God (2014)Song of the Sea (2014)St. Vincent (2014)Stalingrad (2014)Step Up All In (2014)Stranger By the Lake (2014)Supermensch: The Legend of Shep Gordon (2014)Tammy (2014)Tazza: The Hidden Card (2014)Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014)That Awkward Moment (2014)That Demon Within (2014)The Admiral: Roaring Currents (2014)The Adventurer: The Curse of the Midas Box (2014)The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014)The Attorney (2014)The Babadook (2014)The Bag Man (2014)The Best of Me (2014)The Best Offer (2014)The Blue Room (2014)The Book of Life (2014)The Boxtrolls (2014)The Breakup Guru (2014)The Congress (2014)The Dance of Reality (2014)The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby (2014)The Discoverers (2014)The Dog (2014)The Double (2014)The Drop (2014)The Equalizer (2014)The Expendables 3 (2014)The Face of Love (2014)The Fault in our Stars (2014)The Fluffy Movie (2014)The Galapagos Affair: Satan Came to Eden (2014)The Gambler (2014)The German Doctor (2014)The Giver (2014)The Golden Era (2014)The Good Lie (2014)The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014)The Grand Seduction (2014)The Green Prince (2014)The Guest (2014)The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014)The Homesman (2014)The Hornet's Nest (2014)The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 1 (2014)The Identical (2014)The Imitation Game (2014)The Immigrant (2014)The Internet's Own Boy (2014)The Interview (2014)The Judge (2014)The Last of Robin Hood (2014)The Last Of The Unjust (2014)The Legend of Hercules (2014)The Lego Movie (2014)The Liberator (2014)The Love Punch (2014)The Lunchbox (2014)The Maze Runner (2014)The Monuments Men (2014)The November Man (2014)The Nut Job (2014)The One I Love (2014)The One I Wrote For You (2014)The Other Woman (2014)The Overnighters (2014)The Passionate Thief (2014)The Pirates (2014)The Principle (2014)The Purge: Anarchy (2014)The Pyramid (2014)The Quiet Ones (2014)The Raid 2 (2014)The Railway Man (2014)The Remaining (2014)The Rover (2014)The Signal (2014)The Skeleton Twins (2014)The Song (2014)The Tale of The Princess Kaguya (2014)The Theory of Everything (2014)The Trip to Italy (2014)The Two Faces of January (2014)The Unknown Known (2014)The Way He Looks (2014)The Wind Rises (2014)The Zero Theorem (2014)There's No Place Like Utopia (2014)Think Like a Man Too (2014)Third Person (2014)This is Where I Leave You (2014)Tim's Vermeer (2014)Top Five (2014)Tracks (2014)Transcendence (2014)Transformers: Age of Extinction (2014)Tusk (2014)Two Days, One Night (2014)Tyler Perry's The Single Moms Club (2014)Unbroken (2014)Under the Electric Sky (2014)Under the Skin (2014)Uzumasa Limelight (2014)Vampire Academy (2014)Venus in Fur (2014)Veronica Mars (2014)Video Games: The Movie (2014)Visitors (2014)Viva La Liberta (2014)Walk of Shame (2014)Walking with the Enemy (2014)Water & Power (2014)Watermark (2014)We Are The Best (2014)What If (2014)When the Game Stands Tall (2014)Whiplash (2014)Whitey: USA v. James J. Bulger (2014)Why Don't You Play in Hell (2014)Wild (2014)Winter's Tale (2014)Wish I Was Here (2014)Women Who Flirt (2014)Words and Pictures (2014)X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014)Yellow Day (2014)Yves Saint Laurent (2014)Zero Motivation (2014)_________All of 2013 Films_______12 Years a Slave (2013)2 Guns (2013)20 Feet from Stardom (2013)200 Cartas (2013)2013 Oscar Nominated Short Films (2013)21 & Over (2013)42 (2013)47 Ronin (2013)56 Up (2013)A Band Called Death (2013)A Glimpse Inside the Mind of Charles Swan III (2013)A Good Day to Die Hard (2013)A Haunted House (2013)A Hijacking (2013)A Pig Across Paris (2013)A Place at the Table (2013)A Touch of Sin (2013)A.C.O.D. 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(2011)Creature (2011)Delhi Belly (2011)Desi Boyz (2011)Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame (2011)Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011)Dolphin Tale (2011)Don 2 (2011)Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2011)Double Dhamaal (2011)Double Hour (2011)Down for Life (2011)Dream House (2011)Drive (2011)Drive Angry (2011)Dum Maaro Dum (2011)Dylan Dog: Dead of Night (2011)Eames: The Architect and the Painter (2011)El Bulli: Cooking in Progress (2011)Elite Squad: The Enemy Within (2011)Evangelion 2.0: You Can Not Advance (2011)Even the Rain (2011)Every Day (2011)Everything Must Go (2011)Evil Bong 3-D (2011)Exporting Raymond (2011)Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (2011)Fast Five (2011)Filth to Ashes, Flesh to Dust (2011)Final Destination 5 (2011)Fireflies in the Garden (2011)Footloose (2011)Forks Over Knives (2011)Friends with Benefits (2011)Fright Night (2011)From Prada to Nada (2011)Gainsbourg: A Heroic Life (2011)Glee The 3D Concert Movie (2011)Gnomeo and Juliet (2011)Go For It (2011)Green Lantern (2011)Gun Hill Road (2011)Hall Pass (2011)Hanna (2011)Happy Feet Two (2011)HappyThankYouMorePlease (2011)Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 (2011)Henry's Crime (2011)Hesher (2011)Higher Ground (2011)Hobo With a Shotgun (2011)Hoodwinked Too! Hood vs. Evil (2011)Hop (2011)Horrible Bosses (2011)Hugo (2011)I Am (2011)I Am Number Four (2011)I Don't Know How She Does It (2011)I Saw the Devil (2011)Immigration Tango (2011)Immortals (2011)In a Better World (2011)In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011)In Time (2011)Incendies (2011)Inni (2011)Insidious (2011)Into the Abyss (2011)Ip Man 2: Legend of the Grandmaster (2011)J. Edgar (2011)Jack and Jill (2011)Jane Eyre (2011)Jig (2011)Johnny English Reborn (2011)Judy Moody and the NOT Bummer Summer (2011)Jumping the Broom (2011)Just Go With It (2011)Justin Bieber: Never Say Never (2011)Kaboom (2011)Kevin Hart: Laugh at My Pain (2011)Kill the Irishman (2011)Killer Elite (2011)Kinyarwanda (2011)Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011)L'Amour Fou (2011)Labios Rojos (2011)Larry Crowne (2011)Le Havre (2011)Life in a Day (2011)Life, Above All (2011)Like Crazy (2011)Limitless (2011)Love Crime (2011)Machine Gun Preacher (2011)Margin Call (2011)Mars Needs Moms (2011)Martha Marcy May Marlene (2011)Mausam (2011)Meek's Cutoff (2011)Melancholia (2011)Mere Brother Ki Dulhan (2011)Midnight in Paris (2011)Miral (2011)Miss Minoes (2011)Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol (2011)Moneyball (2011)Monte Carlo (2011)Mooz-lum (2011)Mozart's Sister (2011)Mr. Popper's Penguins (2011)Mumbai Diaries (2011)Munger Road (2011)My Afternoons with Margueritte (2011)My Reincarnation (2011)My Week with Marilyn (2011)New Year's Eve (2011)No Eres Tu, Soy Yo (2011)No One Killed Jessica (2011)No Strings Attached (2011)October Baby (2011)Of Gods and Men (2011)One Day (2011)Oranges and Sunshine (2011)Orgasm Inc. (2011)Our Idiot Brother (2011)Outrage (2011)Page One: A Year Inside the New York Times (2011)Paranormal Activity 3 (2011)Pariah (2011)Passione (2011)Pastorela (2011)Paul (2011)Pearl Jam Twenty (2011)Phil Ochs: There But For Fortune (2011)Pina (2011)Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011)Poetry (2011)Point Blank (2011)POM Wonderful Presents: The Greatest Movie Ever Sold (2011)Potiche (2011)Priest (2011)Project Nim (2011)Prom (2011)Puncture (2011)Puss in Boots (2011)Queen to Play (2011)RA One (2011)Rango (2011)Rascals (2011)Ready (2011)Real Steel (2011)Red Riding Hood (2011)Red State (2011)Redemption Road (2011)Rejoice and Shout (2011)Restless (2011)Revenge of the Electric Car (2011)Rio (2011)Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)Rockstar (2011)Sanctum (2011)Sarah's Key (2011)Saving Private Perez (2011)Scream 4 (2011)Season of the Witch (2011)Senna (2011)Seven Days in Utopia (2011)Sex and Zen 3D: Extreme Ecstasy (2011)Shame (2011)Shark Night 3D (2011)Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011)Sholem Aleichem: Laughing in the Darkness (2011)Singham (2011)Sleeping Beauty (2011)Snow Flower and the Secret Fan (2011)Something Borrowed (2011)Soul Surfer (2011)Source Code (2011)Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (2011)Straw Dogs (2011)Submarine (2011)Sucker Punch (2011)Super (2011)Super 8 (2011)Tabloid (2011)Take Me Home Tonight (2011)Take Shelter (2011)Terri (2011)Thank You (2011)The 5th Quarter (2011)The Adjustment Bureau (2011)The Adventures of Tintin (2011)The Afflicted (2011)The Art of Getting By (2011)The Artist (2011)The Beaver (2011)The Big Year (2011)The Black Power Mix Tape: 1967-1975 (2011)The Butcher, the Chef and the Swordsman (2011)The Change-Up (2011)The Company Men (2011)The Conquest (2011)The Conspirator (2011)The Darkest Hour (2011)The Debt (2011)The Descendants (2011)The Devil's Double (2011)The Dilemma (2011)The Double (2011)The Eagle (2011)The First Grader (2011)The Future (2011)The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011)The Grace Card (2011)The Greatest Miracle (2011)The Green Hornet (2011)The Guard (2011)The Hangover Part II (2011)The Heart Specialist (2011)The Hedgehog (2011)The Help (2011)The Housemaid (2011)The Human Centipede 2: Full Sequence (2011)The Ides of March (2011)The Interrupters (2011)The Iron Lady (2011)The Last Godfather (2011)The Last Lions (2011)The Last Mountain (2011)The Lincoln Lawyer (2011)The Mechanic (2011)The Mighty Macs (2011)The Mill and the Cross (2011)The Muppets (2011)The Music Never Stopped (2011)The Names of Love (2011)The Princess of Montpensier (2011)The Rite (2011)The Roommate (2011)The Rum Diary (2011)The Sitter (2011)The Skin I Live In (2011)The Smurfs (2011)The Thing (2011)The Three Musketeers (2011)The Tree of Life (2011)The Trip (2011)The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 1 (2011)The Undefeated (2011)The Warring States (2011)The Way (2011)The Way Back (2011)The Whistleblower (2011)The Women on the 6th Floor (2011)The Woodmans (2011)The Worst Movie EVER! (2011)There Be Dragons (2011)Thor (2011)Thunder Soul (2011)Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy (2011)Tomboy (2011)Tower Heist (2011)Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011)Trigun: Badlands Rumble (2011)Trollhunter (2011)Trust (2011)Tucker & Dale Vs. Evil (2011)Turtle: The Incredible Journey (2011)Tyler Perry's Madea's Big Happy Family (2011)Tyrannosaur (2011)Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives (2011)Unknown (2011)Vidal Sassoon: The Movie (2011)Waiting for Forever (2011)War Horse (2011)Warrior (2011)Water for Elephants (2011)We Bought a Zoo (2011)We Need to Talk About Kevin (2011)Weekend (2011)What Women Want (2011)What's Your Number? (2011)When Harry Tries to Marry (2011)Win Win (2011)Winnie the Pooh (2011)Winter in Wartime (2011)X-Men: First Class (2011)Yamla Pagla Deewana (2011)Young Adult (2011)Young Goethe in Love (2011)Your Highness (2011)Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011)Zookeeper (2011)_________All of 2010 Films_______127 Hours (2010)2010 Oscar Shorts (2010)44 Inch Chest (2010)71 Into the Fire (2010)8: The Mormon Proposition (2010)A Film Unfinished (2010)A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010)A Prophet (2010)A Woman, A Gun and A Noodle Shop (2010)After.Life (2010)Agora (2010)Ajami (2010)Alice in Wonderland (2010)All Good Things (2010)Alpha and Omega (2010)Animal Kingdom (2010)Anjaana Anjaani (2010)Another Year (2010)Babies (2010)Band Baaja Baaraat (2010)Best Worst Movie (2010)Bhutto (2010)Bitch Slap (2010)Black Swan (2010)Blood Done Sign My Name (2010)Blue Valentine (2010)Bran Nue Dae (2010)Break Ke Baad (2010)Breaking Upwards (2010)Breathless (2010)Brooklyn's Finest (2010)Buried (2010)Burlesque (2010)Ca$h (2010)Cairo Time (2010)Carlos (2010)Case 39 (2010)Casino Jack (2010)Casino Jack and the United States of Money (2010)Catfish (2010)Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore (2010)Centurion (2010)Chain Letter (2010)Chance Pe Dance (2010)Charlie St. Cloud (2010)Chloe (2010)City Island (2010)Clash of the Titans (2010)Client 9: The Rise and Fall of Eliot Spitzer (2010)Coco Chanel and Igor Stravinsky (2010)Conviction (2010)Cool It (2010)Cop Out (2010)Countdown to Zero (2010)Country Strong (2010)Crazy on the Outside (2010)Creation (2010)Cyrus (2010)Dabangg (2010)Date Night (2010)Daybreakers (2010)De Mai Tinh (2010)Dear John (2010)Death at a Funeral (2010)Defendor (2010)Despicable Me (2010)Devil (2010)Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2010)Dinner for Schmucks (2010)District B13: Ultimatum (2010)Due Date (2010)Easy A (2010)Eat Pray Love (2010)Edge of Darkness (2010)Enter the Void (2010)Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010)Extraordinary Measures (2010)Fair Game (2010)Faster (2010)Father of My Children (2010)Fish Tank (2010)Flipped (2010)For Colored Girls (2010)Formosa Betrayed (2010)Four Lions (2010)Freakonomics (2010)From Paris with Love (2010)Frozen (2010)Furry Vengeance (2010)George A. Romero's Survival of the Dead (2010)Get Him to the Greek (2010)Get Low (2010)Going the Distance (2010)Golmaal 3 (2010)Grease (2010)Green Zone (2010)Greenberg (2010)Grown Ups (2010)Gulliver's Travels (2010)Guzaarish (2010)Hadewijch (2010)Happy Tears (2010)Harry Brown (2010)Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 1 (2010)Hatchet 2 (2010)Heartbreaker (2010)Hemingway's Garden of Eden (2010)Hereafter (2010)Holy Rollers (2010)Hot Tub Time Machine (2010)Housefull (2010)How Do You Know (2010)How to Train Your Dragon (2010)Howl (2010)Hubble 3D (2010)Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist and Rebel (2010)Human Centipede (2010)I Am Love (2010)I Hate Luv Storys (2010)I Love You, Phillip Morris (2010)I Spit on Your Grave (2010)I Want Your Money (2010)I'm Still Here (2010)If You Are the One 2 (2010)Inception (2010)Inside Job (2010)Inspector Bellamy (2010)Iron Man 2 (2010)It's Kind of a Funny Story (2010)Jack Goes Boating (2010)Jackass 3-D (2010)Jean-Michel Basquiat: The Radiant Child (2010)Joan Rivers: A Piece of Work (2010)Jonah Hex (2010)Just Wright (2010)Karthik Calling Karthik (2010)Khatta Meetha (2010)Kick-Ass (2010)Killers (2010)Kings of Pastry (2010)Kings of the Evening (2010)Kisses (2010)Kites (2010)Knight & Day (2010)La Mission (2010)La Soga (2010)Leap Year (2010)Leaving (2010)Lebanon (2010)Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010)Legendary (2010)Legion (2010)Let it Rain (2010)Let Me In (2010)Letters to God (2010)Letters to Juliet (2010)Life as We Know It (2010)Life During Wartime (2010)Like Dandelion Dust (2010)Little Fockers (2010)Lottery Ticket (2010)Love and Other Drugs (2010)Love Ranch (2010)MacGruber (2010)Machete (2010)Made in Dagenham (2010)Mademoiselle Chambon (2010)Mao's Last Dancer (2010)Marmaduke (2010)Megamind (2010)Mesrine: Killer Instinct (2010)Mesrine: Public Enemy No. 1 (2010)Metropolis (2010)Micmacs (2010)Mid-August Lunch (2010)Middle Men (2010)Monsters (2010)Morning Glory (2010)Mother (2010)Mother and Child (2010)Multiple Sarcasms (2010)My Dog Tulip (2010)My Name is Khan (2010)My Soul to Take (2010)N-Secure (2010)Nanny McPhee Returns (2010)Never Let Me Go (2010)Nick Saban: Gamechanger (2010)Night Catches Us (2010)No Problem (2010)North Face (2010)Nowhere Boy (2010)Oceans (2010)Off and Running (2010)Ondine (2010)Only the Brave (2010)Orlando (2010)OSS 117: Lost in Rio (2010)Our Family Wedding (2010)Oy Vey! My Son is Gay! (2010)Paranormal Activity 2 (2010)Peepli Live (2010)Percy Jackson & The Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010)Piranha 3D (2010)Please Give (2010)Preacher's Kid (2010)Predators (2010)Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time (2010)Princess Kaiulani (2010)Prodigal Sons (2010)Raajneeti (2010)Raavan (2010)Rabbit Hole (2010)Racing Dreams (2010)Ramona and Beezus (2010)Ran (2010)Rare Exports: A Christmas Tale (2010)Red (2010)Red Riding Trilogy (2010)Remember Me (2010)Repo Men (2010)Resident Evil: Afterlife (2010)Restrepo (2010)Robin Hood (2010)Saint John of Las Vegas (2010)Salt (2010)Saw 3D (2010)Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010)Sea Rex 3D: Journey to a Prehistoric World (2010)Secretariat (2010)Sex and the City 2 (2010)She's Out of My League (2010)Shoah (2010)Shrek Forever After (2010)Shutter Island (2010)Skyline (2010)Solitary Man (2010)Somewhere (2010)Soul Kitchen (2010)South of the Border (2010)Splice (2010)Standing Ovation (2010)Step Up 3-D (2010)Stone (2010)Stonewall Uprising (2010)Summer Wars (2010)Sweetgrass (2010)Takers (2010)Tales from Earthsea (2010)Tamara Drewe (2010)Tangled (2010)Tees Maar Khan (2010)Terribly Happy (2010)The A-Team (2010)The American (2010)The Art of the Steal (2010)The Back-Up Plan (2010)The Black Waters of Echo's Pond (2010)The Book of Eli (2010)The Bounty Hunter (2010)The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)The City of Your Final Destination (2010)The Concert (2010)The Crazies (2010)The Disappearance of Alice Creed (2010)The Eclipse (2010)The Expendables (2010)The Extra Man (2010)The Fighter (2010)The Ghost Writer (2010)The Girl on the Train (2010)The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest (2010)The Girl Who Played with Fire (2010)The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2010)The Good Guy (2010)The Good, the Bad, the Weird (2010)The Greatest (2010)The Human Experience (2010)The Illusionist (2010)The Joneses (2010)The Karate Kid (2010)The Kids Are All Right (2010)The Killer Inside Me (2010)The King's Speech (2010)The Last Airbender (2010)The Last Exorcism (2010)The Last Song (2010)The Last Station (2010)The Legend of Pale Male (2010)The Losers (2010)The Lottery (2010)The Lovely Bones (2010)The Most Dangerous Man in America: Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers (2010)The Next Three Days (2010)The Nutcracker in 3D (2010)The Other Guys (2010)The Perfect Game (2010)The Romantics (2010)The Runaways (2010)The Salvation Poem (2010)The Secret in Their Eyes (2010)The Secret of Kells (2010)The Social Network (2010)The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010)The Spy Next Door (2010)The Square (2010)The Switch (2010)The Tempest (2010)The Tillman Story (2010)The Tooth Fairy (2010)The Tourist (2010)The Town (2010)The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010)The Virginity Hit (2010)The Warrior's Way (2010)The Weathered Underground (2010)The Wildest Dream (2010)The Wolfman (2010)The Yellow Handkerchief (2010)Tiny Furniture (2010)To Save a Life (2010)Today's Special (2010)Touching Home (2010)Toy Story 3 (2010)Tron Legacy (2010)True Grit (2010)Twelve (2010)Tyler Perry's Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010)Unstoppable (2010)Valentine's Day (2010)Valhalla Rising (2010)Valley of the Heart's Delight (2010)Vampires Suck (2010)Veer (2010)Videocracy (2010)Vincere (2010)Vision (2010)Waiting for "Superman" (2010)Waiting for Armageddon (2010)Waking Sleeping Beauty (2010)Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps (2010)Warlords (2010)Waste Land (2010)We Are Family (2010)Welcome to the Rileys (2010)What If... (2010)When in Rome (2010)When You're Strange (2010)White Material (2010)Wild Grass (2010)Wild Target (2010)Winnebago Man (2010)Winter's Bone (2010)Wonderful World (2010)Yogi Bear (2010)You Again (2010)You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger (2010)Youth in Revolt (2010)_________All of 2009 Films_______$9.99 (2009)12 Rounds (2009)17 Again (2009)2009 Oscar Shorts (2009)2012 (2009)3 Idiots (2009)35 Shots of Rum (2009)500 Days of Summer (2009)9 (2009)A Christmas Carol (2009)A Perfect Getaway (2009)A Serious Man (2009)A Single Man (2009)A Town Called Panic (2009)A Woman in Berlin (2009)Adam (2009)Adoration (2009)Adventureland (2009)Alien Trespass (2009)Aliens in the Attic (2009)All About Steve (2009)All the Best (2009)Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009)Amelia (2009)American Violet (2009)Amreeka (2009)An Education (2009)Angels & Demons (2009)Antichrist (2009)Anvil! The Story of Anvil (2009)Armored (2009)Astro Boy (2009)Avatar (2009)Away We Go (2009)Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009)Bandslam (2009)Bart Got a Room (2009)Battle for Terra (2009)Big Fan (2009)Billu (2009)Black Dynamite (2009)Blood: The Last Vampire (2009)Bride Wars (2009)Bright Star (2009)Broken Embraces (2009)Broken Hill (2009)Brothers (2009)Brothers at War (2009)Bruno (2009)Capitalism: A Love Story (2009)Carriers (2009)Casi Divas (2009)Chandni Chowk to China (2009)Cheri (2009)Chocolate (2009)Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant (2009)Cloud 9 (2009)Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)Coco Before Chanel (2009)Cold Souls (2009)Collapse (2009)Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009)Coraline (2009)Couples Retreat (2009)Crank: High Voltage (2009)Crazy Heart (2009)Crips and Bloods: Made in America (2009)Crossing Over (2009)Dance Flick (2009)De Dana Dan (2009)Death in Love (2009)Delhi 6 (2009)Departures (2009)Did You Hear About the Morgans? (2009)District 9 (2009)Do Knot Disturb (2009)Downloading Nancy (2009)Drag Me to Hell (2009)Dragonball Evolution (2009)Duplicity (2009)Earth (2009)Easy Virtue (2009)Echelon Conspiracy (2009)Enlighten Up! (2009)Everlasting Moments (2009)Every Little Step (2009)Everybody's Fine (2009)Extract (2009)Fame (2009)Fanboys (2009)Fast and Furious (2009)Fighting (2009)Fired Up (2009)Flame & Citron (2009)Food, Inc. (2009)Free Style (2009)Friday the 13th (2009)From Mexico with Love (2009)Funny People (2009)G-Force (2009)G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009)Gamer (2009)Gentlemen Broncos (2009)Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009)Girl from Monaco (2009)Gomorrah (2009)Good Hair (2009)Goodbye Solo (2009)Halloween II (2009)Hannah Montana The Movie (2009)Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009)He's Just Not That Into You (2009)Herb & Dorothy (2009)Horse Boy (2009)Hotel for Dogs (2009)Humpday (2009)I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell (2009)I Love You Beth Cooper (2009)I Love You, Man (2009)Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009)Il Divo (2009)Imagine That (2009)In the Loop (2009)Inglourious Basterds (2009)Inkheart (2009)Invictus (2009)Is Anybody There? (2009)It Might Get Loud (2009)It's Complicated (2009)Jennifer's Body (2009)Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience (2009)Julie & Julia (2009)Kambakkht Ishq (2009)Kaminey (2009)Killing Kasztner (2009)Killshot (2009)Knowing (2009)Kurbaan (2009)La Danse: Le Ballet de L'Opera de Paris (2009)Land of the Lost (2009)Larger than Life in 3D: Dave Matthews Band, Ben Harper and Gogol Bordello (2009)Law Abiding Citizen (2009)Le combat dans l'�le (2009)Lemon Tree (2009)Life Partner (2009)Little Ashes (2009)London Dreams (2009)Lorna's Silence (2009)Love Aaj Kal (2009)Love Happens (2009)Luck (2009)Luck by Chance (2009)Lymelife (2009)Made in U.S.A. (2009)Main Aurr Mrs. Khanna (2009)Mammoth (2009)Management (2009)Me and Orson Welles (2009)Medicine for Melancholy (2009)Michael Jackson's This Is It (2009)Miss March (2009)Mississippi Mermaid (2009)Monsters Vs. Aliens (2009)Moon (2009)More Than a Game (2009)Motherhood (2009)My Bloody Valentine 3-D (2009)My Life in Ruins (2009)My One and Only (2009)My Sister's Keeper (2009)New in Town (2009)New York (2009)New York, I Love You (2009)Next Day Air (2009)Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (2009)Nine (2009)Ninja Assassin (2009)Not Easily Broken (2009)Not Forgotten (2009)Notorious (2009)O'Horten (2009)Observe and Report (2009)Obsessed (2009)Of Time and the City (2009)Old Dogs (2009)Ong Bak 2: The Beginning (2009)OPA! (2009)Orphan (2009)Outlander (2009)Outrage (2009)Owl and the Sparrow (2009)Paa (2009)Pandorum (2009)Paper Heart (2009)Paranormal Activity (2009)Paris (2009)Paris 36 (2009)Passport to Love (2009)Paul Blart: Mall Cop (2009)Pirate Radio (2009)Planet 51 (2009)Play the Game (2009)Police, Adjective (2009)Ponyo (2009)Post Grad (2009)Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire (2009)Public Enemies (2009)Push (2009)Race to Witch Mountain (2009)Red Cliff (2009)Royal Kill (2009)Rudo Y Cursi (2009)Saw VI (2009)Seraphine (2009)Serbis (2009)Shall We Kiss? (2009)Sherlock Holmes (2009)Shorts (2009)Shrink (2009)Sin Nombre (2009)Sleep Dealer (2009)Small Change (2009)Sorority Row (2009)Soul Power (2009)Spread (2009)Star Trek (2009)State of Play (2009)Still Walking (2009)Street Dreams (2009)Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li (2009)Sugar (2009)Summer Hours (2009)Sunshine Cleaning (2009)Super Capers (2009)Surrogates (2009)Taken (2009)Taking Woodstock (2009)Tera Mera Ki Rishta (2009)Terminator Salvation (2009)Tetro (2009)That Evening Sun (2009)The Baader Meinhof Complex (2009)The Beaches of Agnes (2009)The Blind Side (2009)The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009)The Box (2009)The Boys Are Back (2009)The Brothers Bloom (2009)The Burning Plain (2009)The Class (2009)The Collector (2009)The Cove (2009)The Cross: The Arthur Blessit Story (2009)The Damned United (2009)The Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009)The Final Destination (2009)The Fourth Kind (2009)The Girlfriend Experience (2009)The Golden Boys (2009)The Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard (2009)The Great Buck Howard (2009)The Hangover (2009)The Haunting in Connecticut (2009)The House of the Devil (2009)The Hurt Locker (2009)The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009)The Informant! (2009)The Informers (2009)The International (2009)The Invention of Lying (2009)The Last House on the Left (2009)The Limits of Control (2009)The Lovely Bones (2009)The Maid (2009)The Men Who Stare at Goats (2009)The Merry Gentleman (2009)The Messenger (2009)The Missing Person (2009)The Mysteries of Pittsburgh (2009)The Other Man (2009)The Pink Panther 2 (2009)The Princess and the Frog (2009)The Private Lives of Pippa Lee (2009)The Proposal (2009)The Road (2009)The Secrets of Jonathan Sperry (2009)The September Issue (2009)The Slammin' Salmon (2009)The Soloist (2009)The Stepfather (2009)The Stoning of Soraya M. (2009)The Sun (2009)The Taking of Pelham 1 2 3 (2009)The Time Traveler's Wife (2009)The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009)The Ugly Truth (2009)The Unborn (2009)The Uninvited (2009)The White Ribbon (2009)The Wonder of It All (2009)The Yes Men Fix the World (2009)The Young Victoria (2009)Thirst (2009)Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas in 3-D (2009)Tokyo Sonata (2009)Tokyo! (2009)Toy Story Toy Story 2 3D (2009)Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009)Transylmania (2009)Two Lovers (2009)Tyler Perry's I Can Do Bad All By Myself (2009)Tyler Perry's Madea Goes to Jail (2009)Tyson (2009)Uncertainty (2009)Under the Sea 3D (2009)Underworld: Rise of the Lycans (2009)Unmistaken Child (2009)Until the Light Takes Us (2009)Untitled (2009)Up (2009)Up in the Air (2009)Valentino: The Last Emperor (2009)Wake Up Sid (2009)Wanted (2009)War Eagle, Arkansas (2009)Watchmen (2009)Weather Girl (2009)What's Your Rashee? (2009)Whatever Works (2009)Where the Wild Things Are (2009)Whip It (2009)Whiteout (2009)World's Greatest Dad (2009)X Games 3D The Movie (2009)X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009)Year One (2009)Yoo-Hoo, Mrs. Goldberg (2009)Youssou N'Dour: I Bring What I Love (2009)Zombieland (2009)_________All of 2008 Films_______10,000 B.C. (2008)2007 Academy Award Nominated Short Films (2008)21 (2008)27 Dresses (2008)4 Months, 3 Weeks, 2 Days (2008)88 Minutes (2008)A Christmas Tale (2008)A Girl Cut in Two (2008)A Plumm Summer (2008)A Secret (2008)A Thousand Years of Good Prayers (2008)Alice's House (2008)All Roads Lead Home (2008)Allah Made Me Funny (2008)American Teen (2008)An American Carol (2008)Appaloosa (2008)Ashes of Time Redux (2008)Australia (2008)Baby Blues (2008)Baby Mama (2008)Babylon A.D. (2008)Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008)Baghead (2008)Bangkok Dangerous (2008)Battle in Seattle (2008)Be Kind, Rewind (2008)Bedtime Stories (2008)Beer for My Horses (2008)Before the Rains (2008)Beverly Hills Chihuahua (2008)Bhoothnath (2008)Bigger, Stronger, Faster* (2008)Billy: The Early Years of Billy Graham (2008)Blindness (2008)Blonde and Blonder (2008)Body of Lies (2008)Bolt (2008)Bonneville (2008)Bottle Shock (2008)Boy A (2008)Bra Boys (2008)Brick Lane (2008)Brideshead Revisited (2008)Burn After Reading (2008)Bustin' Down the Door (2008)Cadillac Records (2008)Call + Response (2008)Caramel (2008)Cassandra's Dream (2008)Changeling (2008)Charlie Bartlett (2008)Che (2008)Chicago 10 (2008)Choke (2008)Chris & Don. A Love Story (2008)City of Ember (2008)City of Men (2008)CJ7 (2008)Cloverfield (2008)College (2008)College Road Trip (2008)CSNY: Deja Vu (2008)Days and Clouds (2008)Death Race (2008)Deception (2008)Defiance (2008)Definitely, Maybe (2008)Delgo (2008)Disaster Movie (2008)Dolphins and Whales: Tribes of the Ocean 3D (2008)Don Carlo at La Scala (2008)Doomsday (2008)Dostana (2008)Doubt (2008)Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who! (2008)Drillbit Taylor (2008)Drona (2008)Eagle Eye (2008)Elegy (2008)Elsa & Fred (2008)Emma Smith: My Story (2008)Encounters at the End of the World (2008)Everybody Wants to Be Italian (2008)Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed (2008)Fashion (2008)Fears of the Dark (2008)Finding Amanda (2008)Fireproof (2008)First Sunday (2008)Flash of Genius (2008)Flawless (2008)FLOW: For Love of Water (2008)Fly Me to the Moon - 3D (2008)Fool's Gold (2008)Forever Strong (2008)Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008)Four Christmases (2008)Frost/Nixon (2008)Frozen River (2008)Fugitive Pieces (2008)Funny Games (2008)George A. Romero's Diary of the Dead (2008)Get Smart (2008)Ghajini (2008)Ghost Town (2008)Goal 2: Living the Dream (2008)God Tussi Great Ho (2008)Gonzo (2008)Gran Torino (2008)Greetings from the Shore (2008)Hamlet 2 (2008)Hancock (2008)Hannah Montana/Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert Tour (2008)Happy-Go-Lucky (2008)Harold and Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay (2008)Harvard Beats Yale 29-29 (2008)Hell Ride (2008)Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008)Henry Poole Is Here (2008)Heroes (2008)High School Musical 3: Senior Year (2008)House (2008)How She Move (2008)How the Garcia Girls Spent Their Summer (2008)How to Lose Friends and Alienate People (2008)Humboldt County (2008)I Can't Think Straight (2008)I Served the King of England (2008)I've Loved You So Long (2008)I.O.U.S.A. (2008)Igor (2008)In Bruges (2008)In the Name of the King: A Dungeon Siege Tale (2008)Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)Iron Man (2008)Jaane Tu Ya Jaane Na (2008)JCVD (2008)Jellyfish (2008)Jodhaa Akbar (2008)Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008)Jumper (2008)Kismat Konnection (2008)Kit Kittredge: An American Girl (2008)Krazzy 4 (2008)Kung Fu Panda (2008)La Riviere aux Castors (2008)Lakeview Terrace (2008)Last Chance Harvey (2008)Last Year at Marienbad (2008)Leatherheads (2008)Let the Right One In (2008)Little Chenier (2008)Lola Montes (2008)Love Comes Lately (2008)Mad Money (2008)Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008)Made of Honor (2008)Mamma Mia! (2008)Man on Wire (2008)Maria Stuarda at La Scala (2008)Marley and Me (2008)Married Life (2008)Max Payne (2008)Me & You, Us, Forever (2008)Meet Bill (2008)Meet Dave (2008)Meet the Spartans (2008)Mera Pind (2008)Mere Baap Pahle Aap (2008)Midnight Meat Train (2008)Milk (2008)Miracle at St. Anna (2008)Mirrors (2008)Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day (2008)Mongol (2008)Morning Light (2008)Moving Midway (2008)My Best Friend's Girl (2008)My Blueberry Nights (2008)My Father My Lord (2008)My Name Is Bruce (2008)My Winnipeg (2008)Never Back Down (2008)Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist (2008)Nights in Rodanthe (2008)Nim's Island (2008)Noah's Arc: Jumping the Broom (2008)Nobel Son (2008)Nothing Like the Holidays (2008)One Day You'll Understand (2008)One Missed Call (2008)One Two Three (2008)OSS 117: Cairo, Nest of Spies (2008)Over Her Dead Body (2008)Oye Lucky, Lucky Oye (2008)Paranoid Park (2008)Passengers (2008)Pathology (2008)Penelope (2008)Pineapple Express (2008)Ping Pong Playa (2008)Planet B-Boy (2008)Pray the Devil Back to Hell (2008)Priceless (2008)Pride & Glory (2008)Prom Night (2008)Proud American (2008)Punisher: War Zone (2008)Quantum of Solace (2008)Quarantine (2008)Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008)Race (2008)Rachel Getting Married (2008)Rambo (2008)Redbelt (2008)Religulous (2008)Repo: The Genetic Opera (2008)Reprise (2008)Revolutionary Road (2008)Righteous Kill (2008)Roadside Romeo (2008)RockNRolla (2008)Role Models (2008)Roman de Gare (2008)Run Fat Boy Run (2008)Sarkar Raj (2008)Savage Grace (2008)Saw V (2008)Semi-Pro (2008)Seven Pounds (2008)Sex and the City (2008)Sex Drive (2008)Shelter (2008)Shine a Light (2008)Shoot Down (2008)Shutter (2008)Singh Is Kinng (2008)Sixty Six (2008)Sleepwalking (2008)Slumdog Millionaire (2008)Smart People (2008)Snow Angels (2008)Son of Rambow (2008)Soul Men (2008)Space Chimps (2008)Speed Racer (2008)Standard Operating Procedure (2008)Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008)Step Brothers (2008)Step Up 2 the Streets (2008)Stop-Loss (2008)Strange Wilderness (2008)Street Kings (2008)Stuck (2008)Superhero Movie (2008)Surfer, Dude (2008)Surfwise (2008)Swing Vote (2008)Synecdoche, New York (2008)Talento de Barrio (2008)Tashan (2008)Taxi to the Dark Side (2008)Teeth (2008)Tell No One (2008)The Air I Breathe (2008)The Babysitters (2008)The Band's Visit (2008)The Bank Job (2008)The Boy in the Striped Pajamas (2008)The Business of Being Born (2008)The Children of Huang Shi (2008)The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008)The Counterfeiters (2008)The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)The Dark Knight (2008)The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008)The Duchess (2008)The Edge of Heaven (2008)The Express (2008)The Eye (2008)The Fall (2008)The First Saturday in May (2008)The Flight of the Red Balloon (2008)The Foot Fist Way (2008)The Forbidden Kingdom (2008)The Grocer's Son (2008)The Hammer (2008)The Happening (2008)The Haunting of Molly Hartley (2008)The Hottie & the Nottie (2008)The House Bunny (2008)The Incredible Hulk (2008)The Last Mistress (2008)The Legend of God's Gun (2008)The Life Before Her Eyes (2008)The Longshots (2008)The Love Guru (2008)The Lucky Ones (2008)The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008)The Other Boleyn Girl (2008)The Other End of the Line (2008)The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything (2008)The Promotion (2008)The Reader (2008)The Rocker (2008)The Ruins (2008)The Secret Life of Bees (2008)The Secret of the Grain (2008)The Secrets (2008)The Signal (2008)The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008)The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008)The Spirit (2008)The Stone Angel (2008)The Strangers (2008)The Tale of Despereaux (2008)The Visitor (2008)The Wackness (2008)The Witnesses (2008)The Women (2008)The Wrestler (2008)The X-Files: I Want to Believe (2008)The Year My Parents Went on Vacation (2008)Then She Found Me (2008)Thoda Pyaar Thoda Magic (2008)Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas in 3-D (2008)Timecrimes (2008)Tout est Parfait (2008)Towelhead (2008)Traitor (2008)Transporter 3 (2008)Transsiberian (2008)Tristan und Isolde at La Scala (2008)Tropic Thunder (2008)Trouble the Water (2008)Trumbo (2008)Twilight (2008)Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns (2008)Tyler Perry's The Family That Preys (2008)U Me Aur Hum (2008)U2 3D (2008)Under the Same Moon (2008)Undoing (2008)Untraceable (2008)Up the Yangtze (2008)Valkyrie (2008)Vantage Point (2008)Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008)Vince Vaughn's Wild West Comedy Show (2008)W. (2008)WALL-E (2008)Waltz with Bashir (2008)Wanted (2008)War, Inc. (2008)Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins (2008)Wendy and Lucy (2008)Were the World Mine (2008)What Happens in Vegas (2008)What Just Happened? (2008)When Did You Last See Your Father (2008)Where in the World Is Osama Bin Laden? (2008)Witless Protection (2008)Yes Man (2008)You Don't Mess with the Zohan (2008)Young@Heart (2008)Yuvvraaj (2008)Zack and Miri Make a Porno (2008)_________All of 2007 Films_______1408 (2007)2 Days in Paris (2007)28 Weeks Later (2007)30 Days of Night (2007)300 (2007)3:10 to Yuma (2007)A Mighty Heart (2007)Aaja Nachle (2007)Across the Universe (2007)After Dark's Horrorfest 2 (2007)After the Wedding (2007)Aida at La Scalla (2007)Aliens Vs. Predator - Requiem (2007)Alpha Dog (2007)Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007)Amazing Grace (2007)American Gangster (2007)Americanizing Shelley (2007)Amu (2007)Angel-A (2007)Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters (2007)Arctic Tale (2007)Are We Done Yet? (2007)Atonement (2007)August Rush (2007)Avenue Montaigne (2007)Awake (2007)Away from Her (2007)Balls of Fury (2007)Because I Said So (2007)Becoming Jane (2007)Bee Movie (2007)Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (2007)Behind the Mask: The Rise of Leslie Vernon (2007)Believe in Me (2007)Bella (2007)Beowulf (2007)Bhool Bhulaiyaa (2007)Black Book (2007)Black Sheep (2007)Black Snake Moan (2007)Blade Runner: The Final Cut (2007)Blades of Glory (2007)Blind Dating (2007)Blood and Chocolate (2007)Bon Jovi: The Lost Highway (2007)Boy Culture (2007)Brand Upon the Brain! (2007)BRATZ (2007)Breach (2007)Bridge to Terabithia (2007)Broken English (2007)Brooklyn Rules (2007)Bug (2007)Captivity (2007)Cashback (2007)Catch and Release (2007)Chak DE! India (2007)Chalk (2007)Charlie Wilson's War (2007)Cheeni Kum (2007)Civic Duty (2007)Code Name: The Cleaner (2007)Color Me Kubrick (2007)Constellation (2007)Control (2007)Crazy Love (2007)Daddy Day Camp (2007)Dan in Real Life (2007)Darfur Now (2007)David & Layla (2007)Day Watch (2007)Dead Silence (2007)Death at a Funeral (2007)Death Sentence (2007)Dedication (2007)Deep Water (2007)Delirious (2007)Delta Farce (2007)Dhamaal (2007)Dhan Dhana Dhana Goal (2007)Diggers (2007)Disturbia (2007)DOA: Dead or Alive (2007)Dragon Wars (2007)Dus Khaniyan (2007)Eagle Vs. Shark (2007)Eastern Promises (2007)Eklavya - The Royal Guard (2007)El Cantante (2007)Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007)Enchanted (2007)Epic Movie (2007)Evan Almighty (2007)Evening (2007)Eye of the Dolphin (2007)Fakers (2007)Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007)Fay Grim (2007)Feast of Love (2007)Feel the Noise (2007)Fido (2007)Fighting Words (2007)Firehouse Dog (2007)First Snow (2007)For the Bible Tells Me So (2007)Fracture (2007)Fred Claus (2007)Freedom Writers (2007)Gandhi My Father (2007)Georgia Rule (2007)Ghost Rider (2007)Ghosts of Cite Soleil (2007)God Grew Tired of Us (2007)Gone Baby Gone (2007)Good Luck Chuck (2007)Goya's Ghosts (2007)Grace Is Gone (2007)Gracie (2007)Gray Matters (2007)Grindhouse (2007)Guru (2007)Gypsy Caravan (2007)Hairspray (2007)Halloween (2007)Hannibal Rising (2007)Happily N'Ever After (2007)Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007)Heyy Babyy (2007)Hitman (2007)Holly (2007)Hollywood Dreams (2007)Home of the Brave (2007)Honeydripper (2007)Hostel Part II (2007)Hot Fuzz (2007)Hot Rod (2007)I Am Legend (2007)I Know Who Killed Me (2007)I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry (2007)I Think I Love My Wife (2007)I Want Someone to Eat Cheese With (2007)I'm Not There (2007)Illegal Tender (2007)In the Land of Women (2007)In the Shadow of the Moon (2007)In the Valley of Elah (2007)Interview (2007)Into Great Silence (2007)Into the Wild (2007)Introducing the Dwights (2007)Ira & Abby (2007)Jhoom Barabar Jhoom (2007)Jimmy Carter Man from Plains (2007)Jindabyne (2007)Joe Strummer: The Future Is Unwritten (2007)Joshua (2007)Journey from the Fall (2007)Juno (2007)Kickin' It Old Skool (2007)Killer of Sheep (2007)King of California (2007)Knocked Up (2007)L'Age des Tenebres (2007)La Vie en Rose (2007)Laaga Chunari Mein Daag - Journey of a Woman (2007)Ladron Que Roba A Ladron (2007)Lady Chatterley (2007)Lars and the Real Girl (2007)Le Doulos (2007)License to Wed (2007)Life in a... METRO (2007)Lions for Lambs (2007)Live Free or Die Hard (2007)Lonely Hearts (2007)Look (2007)Love in the Time of Cholera (2007)Lucky You (2007)Lust, Caution (2007)Ma Fille, Mon Ange (2007)Ma Tante Aline (2007)Mafioso (2007)Manufactured Landscapes (2007)Margot at the Wedding (2007)Martian Child (2007)Maxed Out (2007)Meet the Robinsons (2007)Michael Clayton (2007)Moliere (2007)Mr. Bean's Holiday (2007)Mr. Brooks (2007)Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium (2007)Mr. Untouchable (2007)Mr. Woodcock (2007)Music and Lyrics (2007)Music Within (2007)My Best Friend (2007)My Kid Could Paint That (2007)Namastey London (2007)Nancy Drew (2007)Nanking (2007)National Treasure: Book of Secrets (2007)Next (2007)Nishabd (2007)Nitro (2007)No Country for Old Men (2007)No End in Sight (2007)No Reservations (2007)Noelle (2007)Nomad (2007)Norbit (2007)O Jerusalem (2007)Ocean's Thirteen (2007)Om Shanti Om (2007)Once (2007)Outsourced (2007)P.S. I Love You (2007)P2 (2007)Paprika (2007)Paris, je t'aime (2007)Partner (2007)Passage to Zarahemla (2007)Pathfinder: Legend of the Ghost Warrior (2007)Perfect Stranger (2007)Persepolis (2007)Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)Premonition (2007)Pride (2007)Primeval (2007)Ratatouille (2007)Red Road (2007)Redacted (2007)Redline (2007)Reign Over Me (2007)Rendition (2007)Reno 911!: Miami (2007)Rescue Dawn (2007)Reservation Road (2007)Resident Evil: Extinction (2007)Resurrecting the Champ (2007)Revolver (2007)Right at Your Door (2007)Rise: Blood Hunter (2007)Rocket Science (2007)Romance and Cigarettes (2007)Rush Hour 3 (2007)Saawariya (2007)Salaam-E-Ishq (2007)Sarah Landon and the Paranormal Hour (2007)Saw IV (2007)Sea Monsters: A Prehistoric Adventure (2007)Sea of Dreams (2007)Self-Medicated (2007)September Dawn (2007)Seraphim Falls (2007)Severance (2007)Sharkwater (2007)Shoot 'Em Up (2007)Shooter (2007)Shootout at Lokhandwala (2007)Show Business (2007)Shrek the Third (2007)Sicko (2007)Silk (2007)Skinwalkers (2007)Sleuth (2007)Slow Burn (2007)Smokin' Aces (2007)Southland Tales (2007)Spider-Man 3 (2007)Stardust (2007)Starter for 10 (2007)Starting Out in the Evening (2007)Steep (2007)Stomp the Yard (2007)Strength and Honor (2007)Sunshine (2007)Superbad (2007)Surf's Up (2007)Surviving My Mother (2007)Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)Sydney White (2007)Ta Ra Rum Pum (2007)Taare Zameen Par (2007)Talk to Me (2007)Ten Canoes (2007)The 11th Hour (2007)The 2006 Academy Award Nominated Short Films (2007)The Abandoned (2007)The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford (2007)The Astronaut Farmer (2007)The Bourne Ultimatum (2007)The Brave One (2007)The Brothers Solomon (2007)The Bubble (2007)The Bucket List (2007)The Comebacks (2007)The Condemned (2007)The Darjeeling Limited (2007)The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007)The Ex (2007)The Final Season (2007)The Flying Scotsman (2007)The Game Plan (2007)The Golden Compass (2007)The Golden Door (2007)The Great Debaters (2007)The Heartbreak Kid (2007)The Hills Have Eyes 2 (2007)The Hip Hop Project (2007)The Hitcher (2007)The Hoax (2007)The Host (2007)The Hunting Party (2007)The Invasion (2007)The Invisible (2007)The Italian (2007)The Jane Austen Book Club (2007)The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters (2007)The Kingdom (2007)The Kite Runner (2007)The Last Legion (2007)The Last Mimzy (2007)The Last Sin Eater (2007)The List (2007)The Lives of Others (2007)The Lookout (2007)The Messengers (2007)The Mist (2007)The Namesake (2007)The Nanny Diaries (2007)The Number 23 (2007)The Orphanage (2007)The Page Turner (2007)The Perfect Holiday (2007)The Reaping (2007)The Red Balloon / White Mane (2007)The Salon (2007)The Sasquatch Gang (2007)The Savages (2007)The Seeker: The Dark Is Rising (2007)The Simpsons Movie (2007)The Ten (2007)The Ten Commandments (2007)The Tripper (2007)The TV Set (2007)The Ultimate Gift (2007)The Valet (2007)The Violin (2007)The Walker (2007)The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep (2007)The Wendell Baker Story (2007)The Wind That Shakes the Barley (2007)There Will Be Blood (2007)Things We Lost in the Fire (2007)This Christmas (2007)This Is England (2007)Thr3e (2007)Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas (2007)TMNT (2007)Tortilla Heaven (2007)Trade (2007)Transformation: The Life and Legacy of Werner Erhard (2007)Transformers (2007)Two Weeks (2007)Tyler Perry's Daddy's Little Girls (2007)Tyler Perry's Why Did I Get Married (2007)Underdog (2007)Vacancy (2007)Vanaja (2007)Vitus (2007)Waitress (2007)Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story (2007)WAR (2007)War/Dance (2007)We Own the Night (2007)What Would Jesus Buy? (2007)Who's Your Caddy? (2007)Wild Hogs (2007)Wristcutters: A Love Story (2007)Year of the Dog (2007)You Kill Me (2007)Youth Without Youth (2007)Zodiac (2007)_________All of 2006 Films_______10 Items or Less (2006)16 Blocks (2006)49 Up (2006)A Good Woman (2006)A Good Year (2006)A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints (2006)A Prairie Home Companion (2006)A Scanner Darkly (2006)Accepted (2006)Adam & Steve (2006)After Dark's Horror Fest: 8 Films to Die For (2006)Akeelah and the Bee (2006)Alex Rider: Operation Stormbreaker (2006)All the King's Men (2006)America: Freedom to Fascism (2006)American Dreamz (2006)American Hardcore (2006)An American Haunting (2006)An Inconvenient Truth (2006)Annapolis (2006)Another Gay Movie (2006)Apocalypto (2006)April's Shower (2006)Aquamarine (2006)Army of Shadows (2006)Art School Confidential (2006)Arthur and the Invisibles (2006)Artie Lange's Beer League (2006)Ask the Dust (2006)ATL (2006)Babel (2006)Barnyard (2006)Basic Instinct 2 (2006)Beerfest (2006)Being Cyrus (2006)Bhagam Bhag (2006)Big Momma's House 2 (2006)Black Christmas (2006)Blood Diamond (2006)BloodRayne (2006)Bobby (2006)Bon Cop, Bad Cop (2006)Borat (2006)Boynton Beach Club (2006)Breaking and Entering (2006)Brick (2006)Broken Bridges (2006)Bubble (2006)Cars (2006)Casino Royale (2006)Catch a Fire (2006)Cave of the Yellow Dog (2006)Changing Times (2006)Charlotte's Web (2006)Cheech (2006)Children of Men (2006)Chup Chup Ke (2006)Church Ball (2006)Clerks II (2006)Click (2006)Cocaine Cowboys (2006)Color of the Cross (2006)Come Early Morning (2006)Confetti (2006)Conversations with God (2006)Conversations with Other Women (2006)Copying Beethoven (2006)Crank (2006)Crossover (2006)Curious George (2006)Curse of the Golden Flower (2006)Date Movie (2006)Dave Chappelle's Block Party (2006)Days of Glory (2006)Death of a President (2006)Deck the Halls (2006)Deep Sea 3-D (2006)Deja Vu (2006)Deliver Us from Evil (2006)Dhoom 2 (2006)Dirty (2006)District B13 (2006)Don (2006)Don't Come Knocking (2006)Doogal (2006)Down in the Valley (2006)Drawing Restraint 9 (2006)Dreamgirls (2006)Driving Lessons (2006)Edmond (2006)Eight Below (2006)Employee of the Month (2006)End of the Spear (2006)Eragon (2006)Everyone's Hero (2006)Facing the Giants (2006)Factory Girl (2006)Factotum (2006)Failure to Launch (2006)Fanaa (2006)Fast Food Nation (2006)Fateless (2006)Feast (2006)Final Destination 3 (2006)Find Me Guilty (2006)Firewall (2006)Flags of Our Fathers (2006)Flicka (2006)Flushed Away (2006)Flyboys (2006)For Your Consideration (2006)Freedomland (2006)Friends with Money (2006)Fur: An Imaginary Portrait of Diane Arbus (2006)Gabrielle (2006)Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties (2006)Glory Road (2006)Goal! The Dream Begins (2006)Grandma's Boy (2006)Gridiron Gang (2006)Guadalupe (2006)Half Nelson (2006)Happy Feet (2006)Hard Candy (2006)Harsh Times (2006)Haven (2006)Heading South (2006)Hollywoodland (2006)Hoodwinked (2006)Hoot (2006)Hostel (2006)How to Eat Fried Worms (2006)Humko Deewana Kar Gaye (2006)Ice Age: The Meltdown (2006)Idiocracy (2006)Idlewild (2006)Imagine Me and You (2006)Infamous (2006)Inland Empire (2006)Inside Man (2006)Invincible (2006)Iraq in Fragments (2006)Jaan-E-Mann (2006)Jackass: Number Two (2006)Jesus Camp (2006)Jet Li's Fearless (2006)John Tucker Must Die (2006)Just My Luck (2006)Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006)Kabul Express (2006)Keeping Mum (2006)Keeping Up with the Steins (2006)Kinky Boots (2006)Krrish (2006)La Moustache (2006)La Mujer de Mi Hermano (2006)Lady in the Water (2006)Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006)Larry the Cable Guy: Health Inspector (2006)Lassie (2006)Last Holiday (2006)Le Petit Lieutenant (2006)Leonard Cohen I'm Your Man (2006)Let's Go to Prison (2006)Letters from Iwo Jima (2006)Little Children (2006)Little Man (2006)Little Miss Sunshine (2006)Looking for Comedy in the Muslim World (2006)Love's Abiding Joy (2006)Loverboy (2006)Lucky Number Slevin (2006)Malamaal Weekly (2006)Man of the Year (2006)Marie Antoinette (2006)Marilyn Hotchkiss' Ballroom Dancing & Charm School (2006)Material Girls (2006)Miami Vice (2006)Mini's First Time (2006)Miss Potter (2006)Mission: Impossible III (2006)Monster House (2006)My Super Ex-Girlfriend (2006)Nacho Libre (2006)Nanny McPhee (2006)National Lampoon's Van Wilder: The Rise of Taj (2006)Neil Young: Heart of Gold (2006)Night at the Museum (2006)Night of the Living Dead (2006)Night Watch (2006)Notes on a Scandal (2006)Omkara (2006)On a Clear Day (2006)Once in a Lifetime (2006)One Night with the King (2006)Only Human (2006)Open Season (2006)Over the Hedge (2006)Pan's Labyrinth (2006)Peaceful Warrior (2006)Perfume - The Story of a Murderer (2006)Phat Girlz (2006)Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)Poseidon (2006)Preaching to the Choir (2006)Pulse (2006)Pyare Mohan (2006)Quinceanera (2006)Rang De Basanti (2006)Red Doors (2006)Rocky Balboa (2006)Romeo & Juliet: Sealed with a Kiss (2006)Romeo et Juliette (2006)Roving Mars (2006)Running Scared (2006)Running with Scissors (2006)Russian Dolls (2006)RV (2006)Saw III (2006)Scary Movie 4 (2006)School for Scoundrels (2006)Scoop (2006)Screamers (2006)See No Evil (2006)Shaadi Karke Phas Gaye Yaar (2006)Shadowboxer (2006)She's the Man (2006)Sherrybaby (2006)Shortbus (2006)Shut Up and Sing (2006)Silent Hill (2006)Sketches of Frank Gehry (2006)Slither (2006)Snakes on a Plane (2006)Something New (2006)Sophie Scholl - The Final Days (2006)Stay Alive (2006)Step Up (2006)Steve Harvey's Don't Trip (2006)Stick It (2006)Stranger Than Fiction (2006)Strangers with Candy (2006)Superman Returns (2006)Sweet Land (2006)Take the Lead (2006)Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby (2006)Tamara (2006)Taxi 9211 (2006)Tenacious D in: The Pick of Destiny (2006)Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning (2006)Thank You for Smoking (2006)The Ant Bully (2006)The Benchwarmers (2006)The Black Dahlia (2006)The Break-Up (2006)The Bridge (2006)The Celestine Prophecy (2006)The Child (2006)The Covenant (2006)The Da Vinci Code (2006)The Departed (2006)The Descent (2006)The Devil and Daniel Johnston (2006)The Devil Wears Prada (2006)The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)The Fountain (2006)The Good German (2006)The Good Shepherd (2006)The Great New Wonderful (2006)The Groomsmen (2006)The Grudge 2 (2006)The Guardian (2006)The Heart of the Game (2006)The Hills Have Eyes (2006)The History Boys (2006)The Holiday (2006)The House of Sand (2006)The Illusionist (2006)The Journals of Knud Rasmussen (2006)The King (2006)The Lake House (2006)The Last King of Scotland (2006)The Last Kiss (2006)The Lost City (2006)The Marine (2006)The Mostly Unfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green (2006)The Nativity Story (2006)The Night Listener (2006)The Nightmare Before Christmas (2006)The Notorious Bettie Page (2006)The OH in Ohio (2006)The Omen (2006)The Painted Veil (2006)The Pink Panther (2006)The Prestige (2006)The Promise (2006)The Proposition (2006)The Protector (2006)The Puffy Chair (2006)The Pursuit of Happyness (2006)The Queen (2006)The Quiet (2006)The Real Dirt on Farmer John (2006)The Return (2006)The Road to Guantanamo (2006)The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause (2006)The Science of Sleep (2006)The Second Chance (2006)The Secret Life of Words (2006)The Sentinel (2006)The Shaggy Dog (2006)The U.S. Vs. John Lennon (2006)The War Tapes (2006)The Wedding Curse (2006)The Wicker Man (2006)The Wild (2006)The Work and the Glory III: A House Divided (2006)This Film Is Not Yet Rated (2006)Time to Leave (2006)Trailer Park Boys: The Movie (2006)Tristan and Isolde (2006)Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story (2006)Trust the Man (2006)Tsotsi (2006)Turistas (2006)Twelve and Holding (2006)Two or Three Things I Know About Her (2006)Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion (2006)Typhoon (2006)Ultraviolet (2006)Umrao Jaan (2006)Unaccompanied Minors (2006)Underworld: Evolution (2006)United 93 (2006)V for Vendetta (2006)Venus (2006)Viva Pedro! (2006)Volver (2006)Wah-Wah (2006)Waist Deep (2006)Wassup Rockers (2006)Water (2006)We Are Marshall (2006)What the Bleep?: Down the Rabbit Hole (2006)When a Stranger Calls (2006)When Do We Eat? (2006)Who Killed the Electric Car? (2006)Why We Fight (2006)Wordplay (2006)World Trade Center (2006)X-Men: The Last Stand (2006)You, Me and Dupree (2006)Zinda (2006)Zoom (2006)_________All of 2005 Films_______2046 (2005)3 Burials of Melquiades Estrada (2005)3-Iron (2005)5x2 (2005)9 Songs (2005)A History of Violence (2005)A Lot Like Love (2005)A Sound of Thunder (2005)A Tout de Suite (2005)A Wake in Providence (2005)Aeon Flux (2005)After Innocence (2005)Aliens of the Deep (2005)Alone in the Dark (2005)An Unfinished Life (2005)Apaharan (2005)Appleseed (2005)Apres Vous (2005)Are We There Yet? (2005)Assault on Precinct 13 (2005)Asylum (2005)Bad News Bears (2005)Bailey's Billions (2005)Ballet Russes (2005)Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress (2005)Batman Begins (2005)Be Cool (2005)Be Here to Love Me (2005)Beautiful Country (2005)Beauty Shop (2005)Because of Winn-Dixie (2005)Bee Season (2005)Bewaafa (2005)Bewitched (2005)Black (2005)Bluff Master (2005)Boogeyman (2005)Breakfast on Pluto (2005)Bride and Prejudice (2005)Brokeback Mountain (2005)Broken Flowers (2005)Brooklyn Lobster (2005)Brothers (2005)Bunty Aur Babli (2005)Cache (2005)Capote (2005)Casanova (2005)Caterina in the Big City (2005)Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005)Cheaper by the Dozen 2 (2005)Chicken Little (2005)Chocolate (2005)Christmas in the Clouds (2005)Cinderella Man (2005)Classe Tous Risques (2005)Coach Carter (2005)Constantine (2005)Cote D'Azur (2005)Crash (2005)Cronicas (2005)Cry Wolf (2005)CSA: The Confederate States of America (2005)Cursed (2005)D.E.B.S. (2005)Dark Water (2005)Dear Frankie (2005)Death of a Dynasty (2005)Deewane Huye Paagal (2005)Derailed (2005)Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo (2005)Diary of a Mad Black Woman (2005)Dil Jo Bhi Kahe (2005)Dirty Deeds (2005)Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist (2005)Domino (2005)Doom (2005)Dot the I (2005)Down and Derby (2005)Downfall (2005)Dreamer: Inspired by a True Story (2005)Duma (2005)Dust to Glory (2005)Ek Ajnabee (2005)Ek Khiladi Ek Hasina (2005)El Crimen Perfecto (2005)El Vacilon: The Movie (2005)Elektra (2005)Elizabethtown (2005)Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (2005)Eros (2005)Everything Is Illuminated (2005)Fantastic Four (2005)Fever Pitch (2005)First Descent (2005)Flightplan (2005)Four Brothers (2005)Fun with Dick and Jane (2005)G (2005)Gay Sex in the 70s (2005)George A. Romero's Land of the Dead (2005)Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005)Good Night, and Good Luck. (2005)Green Street Hooligans (2005)Grizzly Man (2005)Guess Who (2005)Gunner Palace (2005)Happily Ever After (2005)Happy Endings (2005)Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005)Head-On (2005)Heights (2005)Hellbent (2005)Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005)Hide and Seek (2005)High Tension (2005)Hitch (2005)Home Delivery (2005)Hostage (2005)House of D (2005)House of Wax (2005)Howl's Moving Castle (2005)Hustle & Flow (2005)Ice Princess (2005)Imaginary Heroes (2005)In Her Shoes (2005)In the Mix (2005)Indigo (2005)Innocent Voices (2005)Inside Deep Throat (2005)Into the Blue (2005)Jarhead (2005)Jiminy Glick in La La Wood (2005)Joyeux Noel (2005)Junebug (2005)Just Friends (2005)Just Like Heaven (2005)Kaal (2005)Kicking and Screaming (2005)Kids in America (2005)King Kong (2005)King's Ransom (2005)Kingdom of Heaven (2005)Kings and Queen (2005)Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang (2005)Kontroll (2005)Kung Fu Hustle (2005)Ladies in Lavender (2005)Last Days (2005)Layer Cake (2005)Lila Says (2005)Little Manhattan (2005)Look at Me (2005)Lord of War (2005)Lords of Dogtown (2005)Lost Embrace (2005)Lucky (2005)Mad Hot Ballroom (2005)Madagascar (2005)Madison (2005)Magnificent Desolation (2005)Man of the House (2005)Mangal Pandey - The Rising (2005)March of the Penguins (2005)Matando Cabos (2005)Match Point (2005)Me and You and Everyone We Know (2005)Melinda and Melinda (2005)Memoirs of a Geisha (2005)Millions (2005)Mindhunters (2005)MirrorMask (2005)Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (2005)Mobsters and Mormons (2005)Modigliani (2005)Monster-in-Law (2005)Mr. and Mrs. Smith (2005)Mr. Ya Miss (2005)Mrs. Henderson Presents (2005)Mrs. Palfrey at the Claremont (2005)Mughal-e-Azam (2005)Munich (2005)Murderball (2005)Music from the Inside Out (2005)Must Love Dogs (2005)My Date with Drew (2005)My Summer of Love (2005)Mysterious Skin (2005)National Lampoon's Blackball (2005)Neal -N- Nikki (2005)Nina's Tragedies (2005)Nine Lives (2005)No Entry (2005)Nobody Knows (2005)North Country (2005)November (2005)Off the Map (2005)Oldboy (2005)Oliver Twist (2005)Ong Bak: The Thai Warrior (2005)Paheli (2005)Palindromes (2005)Paradise Now (2005)Parineeta (2005)Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005)Pretty Persuasion (2005)Pride and Prejudice (2005)Prime (2005)Proof (2005)Racing Stripes (2005)Rebound (2005)Red Eye (2005)Rent (2005)Rize (2005)Robots (2005)Rock School (2005)Roll Bounce (2005)Rumor Has It... (2005)Sahara (2005)Saint Ralph (2005)Salaam Namaste (2005)Saraband (2005)Sarah Silverman: Jesus is Magic (2005)Saving Face (2005)Saw II (2005)Schultze Gets the Blues (2005)Secuestro Express (2005)Separate Lies (2005)Serenity (2005)Shaadi No. 1 (2005)Shopgirl (2005)Sin City (2005)Sky High (2005)Son of the Mask (2005)Sons of Provo (2005)Star Wars: Episode III (2005)State Property 2 (2005)Stay (2005)Stealth (2005)Steamboy (2005)Supercross (2005)Swimming Upstream (2005)Syriana (2005)The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005)The Adventures of Shark Boy and Lava Girl (2005)The Amityville Horror (2005)The Aristocrats (2005)The Aryan Couple (2005)The Ballad of Jack and Rose (2005)The Baxter (2005)The Beat My Heart Skipped (2005)The Best of Youth (2005)The Boys of Baraka (2005)The Bridge of San Luis Rey (2005)The Brothers Grimm (2005)The Cave (2005)The Chorus (2005)The Chronicles of Narnia (2005)The Chumscrubber (2005)The Constant Gardener (2005)The Devil's Rejects (2005)The Dukes of Hazzard (2005)The Dying Gaul (2005)The Edukators (2005)The Exorcism of Emily Rose (2005)The Family Stone (2005)The Fog (2005)The Game of Their Lives (2005)The Gospel (2005)The Great Raid (2005)The Greatest Game Ever Played (2005)The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (2005)The Holy Girl (2005)The Honeymooners (2005)The Ice Harvest (2005)The Interpreter (2005)The Intruder (2005)The Island (2005)The Jacket (2005)The Legend of Zorro (2005)The Libertine (2005)The Longest Yard (2005)The Man (2005)The Matador (2005)The Memory of a Killer (2005)The New World (2005)The Pacifier (2005)The Passenger (2005)The Passion Recut (2005)The Perfect Man (2005)The Prize Winner of Defiance, Ohio (2005)The Producers (2005)The Ring Two (2005)The Ringer (2005)The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (2005)The Skeleton Key (2005)The Squid and the Whale (2005)The Talent Given Us (2005)The Thing About My Folks (2005)The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till (2005)The Upside of Anger (2005)The Weather Man (2005)The Wedding Date (2005)The White Countess (2005)The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill (2005)The Work and the Glory: American Zion (2005)The World's Fastest Indian (2005)Three... Extremes (2005)Thumbsucker (2005)Tim Burton's Corpse Bride (2005)Transamerica (2005)Transporter 2 (2005)Turtles Can Fly (2005)Two for the Money (2005)Uncle Nino (2005)Underclassman (2005)Undiscovered (2005)Unleashed (2005)Up and Down (2005)Ushpizin (2005)Valiant (2005)Venom (2005)Viruddh (2005)Waiting... (2005)Walk on Water (2005)Walk the Line (2005)Wallace and Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005)Waqt (2005)War of the Worlds (2005)Wedding Crashers (2005)Where the Truth Lies (2005)White Noise (2005)Wild Safari (2005)Winter Solstice (2005)Wolf Creek (2005)XXX: State of the Union (2005)Yes (2005)Yours, Mine and Ours (2005)Zathura (2005)_________All of 2004 Films_______13 Going on 30 (2004)50 First Dates (2004)A Cinderella Story (2004)A Day Without a Mexican (2004)A Dirty Shame (2004)A Fish Without a Bicycle (2004)A Fond Kiss (2004)A Home at the End of the World (2004)A Love Song for Bobby Long (2004)A Tale of Two Sisters (2004)A Very Long Engagement (2004)After the Sunset (2004)Against the Ropes (2004)Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London (2004)Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2004)Alexander (2004)Alfie (2004)Alien vs. Predator (2004)Along Came Polly (2004)America's Heart and Soul (2004)Anacondas: The Hunt for the Blood Orchid (2004)Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004)Around the Bend (2004)Around the World in 80 Days (2004)Asa Nu Maan Watan (2004)Baadasssss! (2004)Bad Education (2004)Baptists at Our Barbecue (2004)Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004)Before Sunset (2004)Being Julia (2004)Benji Off the Leash (2004)Beyond the Gates (2004)Beyond the Sea (2004)Birth (2004)Blade: Trinity (2004)Blue Butterfly (2004)Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius (2004)Born Into Brothels (2004)Breakin' All the Rules (2004)Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004)Bright Young Things (2004)Broadway: The Golden Age (2004)Broken Lizard's Club Dread (2004)Broken Wings (2004)Bukowski: Born Into This (2004)Callas Forever (2004)Camping Sauvage (2004)Carandiru (2004)Catch That Kid (2004)Catwoman (2004)Cellular (2004)Celsius 41.11: The Truth Behind the Lies of Fahrenheit 10.22.04 (2004)Chasing Liberty (2004)Christmas with the Kranks (2004)Clifford's Really Big Movie (2004)Closer (2004)Code 46 (2004)Coffee and Cigarettes (2004)Collateral (2004)Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004)Connie and Carla (2004)Control Room (2004)Criminal (2004)Danny Deckchair (2004)Dans une galaxie pres de chez vous (2004)Darkness (2004)Dawn of the Dead (2004)Days of Being Wild (2004)De-Lovely (2004)Dev (2004)Dhoom (2004)Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights (2004)Disney's Teacher's Pet (2004)DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story (2004)Dogville (2004)Donnie Darko: The Director's Cut (2004)Easy (2004)Ella Enchanted (2004)Elles etaient cinq (2004)Elvis Gratton XXX (2004)Enduring Love (2004)Envy (2004)Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)Eulogy (2004)Eurotrip (2004)Exorcist: The Beginning (2004)Facing Windows (2004)Fade to Black (2004)Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)Fat Albert (2004)Festival Express (2004)Fida (2004)Finding Neverland (2004)First Daughter (2004)Flavors (2004)Friday Night Lights (2004)Garden State (2004)Garfield: The Movie (2004)Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence (2004)Godsend (2004)Godzilla (2004)Going the Distance (2004)Going Upriver: The Long War of John Kerry (2004)Good Bye Lenin! (2004)Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst (2004)Guiana 1838 (2004)Hair Show (2004)Harold and Kumar Go to White Castle (2004)Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004)Head in the Clouds (2004)Hellboy (2004)Hero (2004)Hidalgo (2004)Highwaymen (2004)Home on the Range (2004)Hotel Rwanda (2004)House of Flying Daggers (2004)Hum Tum (2004)I Am David (2004)I Heart Huckabees (2004)I'll Sleep When I'm Dead (2004)I'm Not Scared (2004)I, Robot (2004)In Good Company (2004)In the Face of Evil: Reagan's War in Word and Deed (2004)In the Realms of the Unreal (2004)Intermission (2004)Intimate Strangers (2004)Jersey Girl (2004)Johnson Family Vacation (2004)Khakee (2004)Kill Bill Vol. 2 (2004)King Arthur (2004)Kinsey (2004)Kitchen Stories (2004)Kyon? Ho Gaya Pyu (2004)L'Incomparable Mademoiselle C. (2004)Ladder 49 (2004)Lakshya (2004)Latter Days (2004)Laws of Attraction (2004)Le Dernier (2004)Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004)Lightning in a Bottle (2004)Little Black Book (2004)Love Me If You Dare (2004)Love, Sex & Eating the Bones (2004)Main Hoon Na (2004)Man on Fire (2004)Maria Full of Grace (2004)Masti (2004)Mayor of the Sunset Strip (2004)Mean Creek (2004)Mean Girls (2004)Meet the Fockers (2004)Metallica: Some Kind of Monster (2004)Mickey (2004)Million Dollar Baby (2004)Miracle (2004)Monica la mitraille (2004)Monsieur Ibrahim (2004)Monty Python's Life of Brian (2004)Moolaade (2004)Mr. 3000 (2004)Mujhse Shaadi Karogi (2004)My Baby's Daddy (2004)Napoleon Dynamite (2004)NASCAR: the Imax Experience (2004)National Lampoon's Gold Diggers (2004)National Treasure (2004)Ned Kelly (2004)Never Die Alone (2004)New York Minute (2004)Nicotina (2004)Ocean's Twelve (2004)Open Water (2004)Osama (2004)Our Music (2004)Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism (2004)P.S. (2004)Paparazzi (2004)Paper Clips (2004)Primer (2004)Raise Your Voice (2004)Raising Helen (2004)Ray (2004)Red Lights (2004)Remember Me, My Love (2004)Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004)Riding Giants (2004)Rosenstrasse (2004)RRRrrrr!!! (2004)Saddest Music in the World (2004)Saints and Soldiers (2004)Saved! (2004)Saw (2004)Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004)Secret Window (2004)Seducing Doctor Lewis (2004)Seed of Chucky (2004)Shall We Dance (2004)Shaolin Soccer (2004)Shark Tale (2004)Shaun of the Dead (2004)She Hate Me (2004)Short Cut to Nirvana: Kumbh Mela (2004)Shrek 2 (2004)Sideways (2004)Silmido (2004)Silver City (2004)Since Otar Left (2004)Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004)Sleepover (2004)Soul Plane (2004)Spanglish (2004)Spartan (2004)Spider-Man 2 (2004)Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter... and Spring (2004)Stage Beauty (2004)Starsky & Hutch (2004)Stateside (2004)Stephen King's Riding the Bullet (2004)Still, We Believe: The Boston Red Sox Movie (2004)Strayed (2004)Super Babies: Baby Geniuses 2 (2004)Super Size Me (2004)Surviving Christmas (2004)Suspect Zero (2004)Swades (2004)Tae Guk Gi: The Brotherhood of War (2004)Tais-toi (2004)Taking Lives (2004)Tarnation (2004)Taxi (2004)Team America: World Police (2004)The Agronomist (2004)The Alamo (2004)The Assassination of Richard Nixon (2004)The Aviator (2004)The Battle of Algiers (2004)The Best Two Years (2004)The Big Bounce (2004)The Bourne Supremacy (2004)The Brown Bunny (2004)The Butterfly Effect (2004)The Chronicles of Riddick (2004)The Clearing (2004)The Cookout (2004)The Corporation (2004)The Crying Ladies (2004)The Day After Tomorrow (2004)The Door in the Floor (2004)The Dreamers (2004)The Final Cut (2004)The Flight of the Phoenix (2004)The Forgotten (2004)The Girl Next Door (2004)The Grudge (2004)The Home Teachers (2004)The Hunting of the President (2004)The Incredibles (2004)The Ladykillers (2004)The Last Shot (2004)The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004)The Machinist (2004)The Manchurian Candidate (2004)The Mother (2004)The Motorcycle Diaries (2004)The Notebook (2004)The Passion of the Christ (2004)The Perfect Score (2004)The Phantom of the Opera (2004)The Polar Express (2004)The Prince & Me (2004)The Princess Diaries 2 (2004)The Punisher (2004)The Sea Inside (2004)The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004)The Stepford Wives (2004)The Story of Weeping Camel (2004)The Terminal (2004)The United States of Leland (2004)The Village (2004)The Whole Ten Yards (2004)The Woodsman (2004)The Work and the Glory (2004)The Yes Men (2004)Therese: The Story of Saint Therese of Lisieux (2004)Thunderbirds (2004)Time of the Wolf (2004)Tokyo Godfathers (2004)Torque (2004)Touch of Pink (2004)Touching the Void (2004)Travellers and Magicians (2004)Troy (2004)Twilight Samurai (2004)Twisted (2004)Two Brothers (2004)Uncovered: The War on Iraq (2004)Undertow (2004)Valentin (2004)Van Helsing (2004)Vanity Fair (2004)Veer Zaara (2004)Vera Drake (2004)Voices of Iraq (2004)Walking Tall (2004)We Don't Live Here Anymore (2004)Welcome to Mooseport (2004)What the #$*! Do We Know?! (2004)White Chicks (2004)Wicker Park (2004)William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice (2004)Wimbledon (2004)Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! (2004)Without a Paddle (2004)Woman, Thou Art Loosed (2004)Wooly Boys (2004)You Got Served (2004)Young Adam (2004)Yu-Gi-Oh! (2004)Yuva (2004)Zatoichi (2004)Zelary (2004)_________All of 2003 Films_______1+1=11 (2003)2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)21 Grams (2003)28 Days Later (2003)A Guy Thing (2003)A Man Apart (2003)A Mighty Wind (2003)Agent Cody Banks (2003)Alex and Emma (2003)Alexandra's Project (2003)Alien: The Director's Cut (2003)All the Real Girls (2003)Amandla! (2003)American Splendor (2003)American Wedding (2003)And Now Ladies and Gentlemen (2003)Anger Management (2003)Annie Brocoli dans les fonds marin (2003)Anything But Love (2003)Anything Else (2003)Armaan: The Desire (2003)Assassination Tango (2003)Bad Boys II (2003)Bad Santa (2003)Baghban (2003)Basic (2003)Bend It Like Beckham (2003)Better Luck Tomorrow (2003)Beyond Borders (2003)Big Fish (2003)Biker Boyz (2003)Billabong Odyssey (2003)Blizzard (2003)Blue Car (2003)Boat Trip (2003)Bon Voyage (2003)Book of Mormon Movie (2003)Bringing Down the House (2003)Brother Bear (2003)Bruce Almighty (2003)Bubba Ho-Tep (2003)Buffalo Soldiers (2003)Bugs! (2003)Bulletproof Monk (2003)Bus 174 (2003)Cabin Fever (2003)Calendar Girls (2003)Camp (2003)Capturing the Friedmans (2003)Casa de Los Babys (2003)Chalte Chalte (2003)Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003)Charlotte Sometimes (2003)Chasing Papi (2003)Cheaper by the Dozen (2003)City of Ghosts (2003)City of God (2003)Civil Brand (2003)Cold Creek Manor (2003)Cold Mountain (2003)Comment Ma Mere Accoucha de moi durant (2003)Concert for George (2003)Confidence (2003)Cowboy Bebop (2003)Cradle 2 the Grave (2003)Daddy Day Care (2003)Daredevil (2003)Dark Blue (2003)Darkness Falls (2003)Darna Mana Hai (2003)Deliver Us from Eva (2003)Demonlover (2003)Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star (2003)Die Mommie Die! (2003)Dil Ka Rishtaa (2003)Dirty Pretty Things (2003)Down with Love (2003)Dreamcatcher (2003)Dum (2003)Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd (2003)Duplex (2003)DysFunKtional Family (2003)Elephant (2003)Elf (2003)Far Side of the Moon (2003)Final Destination 2 (2003)Finding Nemo (2003)Foolproof (2003)Freaky Friday (2003)Freddy vs. Jason (2003)From Here to Eternity (2003)From Justin to Kelly (2003)Gang of Roses (2003)Garage Days (2003)Gaz Bar Blues (2003)Gerry (2003)Ghosts of the Abyss (2003)Gigli (2003)Girl with a Pearl Earring (2003)Gloomy Sunday (2003)Gods and Generals (2003)Good Boy! (2003)Gothika (2003)Green Card Fever (2003)Grind (2003)Hawayein (2003)He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not (2003)Head of State (2003)Help! I'm a Fish (2003)Herod's Law (2003)Holes (2003)Hollywood Homicide (2003)Honey (2003)House of 1,000 Corpses (2003)House of Sand and Fog (2003)House of the Dead (2003)How to Deal (2003)How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003)I Capture the Castle (2003)Identity (2003)In America (2003)In the Cut (2003)Intolerable Cruelty (2003)Irreversible (2003)It Runs in the Family (2003)Japanese Story (2003)Jeepers Creepers 2 (2003)Jet Lag (2003)Johnny English (2003)Just Married (2003)Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003)Kangaroo Jack (2003)Kart Racer (2003)Khachaturian (2003)Khushi (2003)Kill Bill Volume 1 (2003)Km. 0 (2003)Koi... Mil Gaya (2003)Kuch Naa Kaho (2003)L'Auberge Espagnole (2003)L.O.C. (2003)La Grande Seduction (2003)Lara Croft Tomb Raider 2 (2003)Laurel Canyon (2003)Le Divorce (2003)Legally Blonde 2: Red, White and Blonde (2003)Lockdown (2003)Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003)Lost in La Mancha (2003)Lost in Translation (2003)LOTR: The Return of the King (2003)Love Actually (2003)Love Don't Cost a Thing (2003)Lucia, Lucia (2003)Luther (2003)Madame Sata (2003)Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon (2003)Malibu's Most Wanted (2003)Mambo Italiano (2003)Marci X (2003)Masked and Anonymous (2003)Master and Commander (2003)Matchstick Men (2003)Modern Times (2003)Mona Lisa Smile (2003)Monster (2003)My Architect (2003)My Boss's Daughter (2003)My Flesh and Blood (2003)My Life Without Me (2003)Mystic River (2003)National Security (2003)Nez Rouge (2003)No Good Deed (2003)Northfork (2003)Nowhere in Africa (2003)Old School (2003)On Line (2003)Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003)Once Upon a Time in the Midlands (2003)Open Range (2003)Out of Control (2003)Out of Time (2003)Owning Mahowny (2003)Party Monster (2003)Passionada (2003)Paycheck (2003)People I Know (2003)Pere et Fils (2003)Peter Pan (2003)Phone Booth (2003)Pieces of April (2003)Piglet's Big Movie (2003)Pirates of the Caribbean (2003)Pokemon Heroes (2003)Poolhall Junkies (2003)Pride and Prejudice (2003)Radio (2003)Raising Victor Vargas (2003)Respiro (2003)Riders (2003)Rivers and Tides (2003)Rugrats Go Wild (2003)Runaway Jury (2003)S.W.A.T. (2003)Scarface (2003)Scary Movie 3 (2003)Seabiscuit (2003)Secondhand Lions (2003)Secret Lives of Dentists (2003)Shanghai Knights (2003)Shattered Glass (2003)Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas (2003)So Close (2003)Something's Gotta Give (2003)Spellbound (2003)Spider (2003)Spun (2003)Spy Kids 3D: Game Over (2003)Step Into Liquid (2003)Stoked: The Rise and Fall of Gator (2003)Stuck on You (2003)Super Sucker (2003)Sur le Seuil (2003)Sweet Sixteen (2003)Swimming Pool (2003)Sylvia (2003)Taxi 3 (2003)Tears of the Sun (2003)Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003)The Barbarian Invasions (2003)The Battle of Shaker Heights (2003)The Cat in the Hat (2003)The Company (2003)The Cooler (2003)The Core (2003)The Cremaster Cycle (2003)The Dancer Upstairs (2003)The Eye (2003)The Fighting Temptations (2003)The Fog of War (2003)The Good Thief (2003)The Gospel of John (2003)The Guru (2003)The Hard Word (2003)The Haunted Mansion (2003)The Heart of Me (2003)The Hebrew Hammer (2003)The Hero - Love Story of a Spy (2003)The Holy Land (2003)The Housekeeper (2003)The Hulk (2003)The Human Stain (2003)The Hunted (2003)The In-Laws (2003)The Italian Job (2003)The Jungle Book 2 (2003)The Last Samurai (2003)The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003)The Legend of Johnny Lingo (2003)The Legend of Suriyothai (2003)The Life of David Gale (2003)The Lizzie McGuire Movie (2003)The Magdalene Sisters (2003)The Man on the Train (2003)The Man Without a Past (2003)The Matrix Revolutions (2003)The Matrix: Reloaded (2003)The Medallion (2003)The Missing (2003)The Order (2003)The Real Cancun (2003)The Recruit (2003)The RM (2003)The Rundown (2003)The Safety of Objects (2003)The School of Rock (2003)The Shape of Things (2003)The Singing Detective (2003)The Statement (2003)The Station Agent (2003)The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003)The Trip (2003)The Triplets of Belleville (2003)The Weather Underground (2003)The Young Black Stallion (2003)Thirteen (2003)Tibet: Cry of the Snow Lion (2003)Timeline (2003)To Be and to Have (2003)Todo el Podor (2003)Together (2003)Tupac: Resurrection (2003)Under the Tuscan Sun (2003)Underworld (2003)Uptown Girls (2003)Veronica Guerin (2003)View from the Top (2003)Washington Heights (2003)Whale Rider (2003)What a Girl Wants (2003)Where's the Party, Yaar? (2003)Willard (2003)Winged Migration (2003)Wonderland (2003)Wrong Turn (2003)X2: X-Men United (2003)_________All of 2002 Films_______13 Conversations About One Thing (2002)24 Hour Party People (2002)25th Hour (2002)40 Days and 40 Nights (2002)8 Femmes (2002)8 Mile (2002)A Walk to Remember (2002)Aankhen (2002)Abandon (2002)About a Boy (2002)About Schmidt (2002)Adam Sandler's 8 Crazy Nights (2002)Adaptation (2002)Adrenaline Rush: The Science of Risk (2002)All About the Benjamins (2002)All or Nothing (2002)Amadeus: Director's Cut (2002)Amen (2002)American Adobo (2002)American Chai (2002)Amy's Orgasm (2002)Analyze That (2002)Antwone Fisher (2002)Apollo 13: The Imax Experience (2002)Ararat (2002)Asterix and Obelix: Mission Cleopatra (2002)Atanarjuat- L'homme rapide (2002)Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002)Auto Focus (2002)Bad Company (2002)Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever (2002)Barbershop (2002)Bartleby (2002)Beauty and the Beast Special Edition (2002)Beijing Bicycle (2002)Below (2002)Big Fat Liar (2002)Big Trouble (2002)Birthday Girl (2002)Blade II (2002)Blood Work (2002)Bloody Sunday (2002)Blue Crush (2002)Bollywood/Hollywood (2002)Bowling for Columbine (2002)Brown Sugar (2002)C.Q. (2002)Catch Me If You Can (2002)Changing Lanes (2002)Charly (2002)Cherish (2002)Chicago (2002)Cinema Paradiso: The New Version (2002)Circuit (2002)City by the Sea (2002)Clockstoppers (2002)Collateral Damage (2002)Comedian (2002)Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002)Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course (2002)Crossroads (2002)Crush (2002)Dahmer (2002)Das Experiment (2002)Death To Smoochy (2002)Deuces Wild (2002)Die Another Day (2002)Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (2002)Dogtown and Z-Boys (2002)Dragonfly (2002)Drumline (2002)E.T. (2002)Eight Legged Freaks (2002)Elling (2002)Empire (2002)Enigma (2002)Enough (2002)Equilibrium (2002)Escaflowne (2002)ESPN Ultimate X -- The Movie (2002)Evelyn (2002)Extreme Ops (2002)Far From Heaven (2002)Fear Dot Com (2002)Femme Fatale (2002)Festival in Cannes (2002)Formula 51 (2002)Four Feathers (2002)Frailty (2002)Frida (2002)Friday After Next (2002)Full Frontal (2002)Gangs of New York (2002)Ghost Ship (2002)Green Dragon (2002)Half Past Dead (2002)Halloween: Resurrection (2002)Hansel & Gretel (2002)Happy Times (2002)Harrison's Flowers (2002)Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002)Hart's War (2002)Heaven (2002)Hey Arnold! The Movie (2002)High Crimes (2002)Histoire de pen (2002)Hollywood Ending (2002)Home Movie (2002)Hometown Legend (2002)How to Kill Your Neighbor's Dog (2002)Human Nature (2002)I Am Trying to Break Your Heart (2002)I Spy (2002)Ice Age (2002)Igby Goes Down (2002)Impostor (2002)In Praise of Love (2002)Insomnia (2002)Intacto (2002)Invincible (2002)Italian for Beginners (2002)Jackass: The Movie (2002)Jason X (2002)John Q. (2002)Jonah: A Veggie Tales Movie (2002)Joshua (2002)Juwanna Mann (2002)K-19: The Widowmaker (2002)Kaante (2002)Kissing Jessica Stein (2002)Knockaround Guys (2002)Kung Pow: Enter the Fist (2002)L'Odyssee d'Alice Tremblay (2002)La Mysterieuse Mademoiselle C (2002)La Turbulence des fluides (2002)Last Orders (2002)Late Marriage (2002)Lawrence of Arabia (2002)Le Collectionneur (2002)Les Dangereux (2002)Life or Something Like It (2002)Like Mike (2002)Lilo & Stitch (2002)Little Secrets (2002)Love Liza (2002)Lovely and Amazing (2002)Mad Love (2002)Maid in Manhattan (2002)Manna from Heaven (2002)Martin Lawrence Live: Runteldat (2002)Max (2002)Me Without You (2002)Men in Black II (2002)Men With Brooms (2002)Metropolis (2002)Minority Report (2002)Monsoon Wedding (2002)Moonlight Mile (2002)Morvern Callar (2002)Mostly Martha (2002)Mr. Deeds (2002)Mujhse Dosti Karoge (2002)Murder by Numbers (2002)My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002)My Wife is an Actress (2002)Narc (2002)National Lampoon's Van Wilder (2002)Never Again (2002)Nicholas Nickleby (2002)Nine Queens (2002)No Such Thing (2002)Notorious C.H.O. (2002)One Hour Photo (2002)Orange County (2002)Paid in Full (2002)Pandora's Box (2002)Panic Room (2002)Personal Velocity (2002)Pinero (2002)Pinocchio (2002)Pokemon 4Ever (2002)Possession (2002)Pulse: a STOMP Odyssey (2002)Pumpkin (2002)Punch-Drunk Love (2002)Quebec-Montreal (2002)Queen of the Damned (2002)Rabbit Proof Fence (2002)Rain (2002)Ram Dass (2002)Read My Lips (2002)Real Women Have Curves (2002)Red Dragon (2002)Reign of Fire (2002)Resident Evil (2002)Return to Never Land (2002)Road to Perdition (2002)Roger Dodger (2002)Rollerball (2002)Russian Ark (2002)Saathiya (2002)Santa vs. the Snowman (2002)Savage Messiah (2002)Scooby-Doo (2002)Scotland,PA (2002)Scratch (2002)Secretary (2002)Seraphin un homme et Son peche (2002)Serving Sara (2002)Sex and Lucia (2002)Shanghai Ghetto (2002)Shiri (2002)Showtime (2002)Signs (2002)Simone (2002)Skins (2002)Slackers (2002)Snipes (2002)Snow Dogs (2002)Solaris (2002)Sorority Boys (2002)Space Station (2002)Spider-Man (2002)Spider-Man/Men In Black II (2002)Spirit: Stallion of Cimarron (2002)Spirited Away (2002)Spy Kids 2: Island of Lost Dreams (2002)Standing in the Shadows of Motown (2002)Star Trek: Nemesis (2002)Star Wars: Episode II -- Attack of the Clones (2002)State Property (2002)Station Nord (2002)Stealing Harvard (2002)Stolen Summer (2002)Storytelling (2002)Stuart Little 2 (2002)Sunshine State (2002)Super Troopers (2002)Sweet Home Alabama (2002)Swept Away (2002)Swimfan (2002)T-Rex: Back to the Cretaceous (2002)Tadpole (2002)Talk to Her (2002)Tanguy (2002)The Adventures of Pluto Nash (2002)The Banger Sisters (2002)The Believer (2002)The Bourne Identity (2002)The Cat's Meow (2002)The Cockettes (2002)The Count of Monte Cristo (2002)The Country Bears (2002)The Crime of Father Amaro (2002)The Dangerous Lives of Altar Boys (2002)The Earth Will Swallow You (2002)The Emperor's Club (2002)The Emperor's New Clothes (2002)The Fast Runner: Atanarjuat (2002)The Good Girl (2002)The Grey Zone (2002)The Hot Chick (2002)The Hours (2002)The Importance of Being Earnest (2002)The Kid Stays in the Picture (2002)The Lady and the Duke (2002)The Last Kiss (2002)The Last Waltz (2002)The Lion King (2002)The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)The Man From Elysian Fields (2002)The Master of Disguise (2002)The Mothman Prophecies (2002)The Mystic Masseur (2002)The New Guy (2002)The Pianist (2002)The Powerpuff Girls Movie (2002)The Quiet American (2002)The Ring (2002)The Rookie (2002)The Rules of Attraction (2002)The Salton Sea (2002)The Santa Clause 2 (2002)The Scorpion King (2002)The Singles Ward (2002)The Son of the Bride (2002)The Sum of All Fears (2002)The Sweetest Thing (2002)The Time Machine (2002)The Transporter (2002)The Trials of Henry Kissinger (2002)The Triumph of Love (2002)The Truth About Charlie (2002)The Tuxedo (2002)The Way Home (2002)The Weight of Water (2002)The Wild Thornberrys (2002)Time Changer (2002)Time of Favor (2002)Time Out (2002)Trapped (2002)Travelling Birds (2002)Treasure Planet (2002)Tuck Everlasting (2002)Tully (2002)Two Weeks Notice (2002)Undercover Brother (2002)Undisputed (2002)Unfaithful (2002)Waking Up in Reno (2002)Wasabi (2002)We Were Soldiers (2002)Welcome to Collinwood (2002)Wes Craven Presents: They (2002)What Time Is It There? (2002)White Oleander (2002)Who is Cletis Tout? (2002)Windtalkers (2002)XXX (2002)Y Tu Mama Tambien (2002)Yamakasi (2002)_________All of 2001 Films_______15 Fevrier 1839 (2001)15 Minutes (2001)3,000 Miles to Graceland (2001)A Beautiful Mind (2001)A Knight's Tale (2001)A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)About Adam (2001)Ali (2001)All Access (2001)All Over the Guy (2001)Along Came a Spider (2001)Amelie (2001)America's Sweethearts (2001)American Desi (2001)American Outlaws (2001)American Pie 2 (2001)Amores Perros (2001)An American Rhapsody (2001)Angel Eyes (2001)Antitrust (2001)Apocalypse Now Redux (2001)Asoka (2001)Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)Baby Boy (2001)Band of Outsiders (2001)Bandits (2001)Baran (2001)Behind Enemy Lines (2001)Behind the Sun (2001)Black Hawk Down (2001)Black Knight (2001)Blow (2001)Blow Dry (2001)Bones (2001)Bread & Tulips (2001)Bread and Roses (2001)Bride of the Wind (2001)Bridget Jones's Diary (2001)Brigham City (2001)Brother (2001)Brotherhood of the Wolf (2001)Bubble Boy (2001)Bully (2001)Burnt Money (2001)Captain Corelli's Mandolin (2001)Carman: The Champion (2001)Cats & Dogs (2001)Charlotte Gray (2001)China: The Panda Adventure (2001)Company Man (2001)Corky Romano (2001)Crazy/Beautiful (2001)Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles (2001)Dark Blue World (2001)Dinner Rush (2001)Divided We Fall (2001)Domestic Disturbance (2001)Don't Say a Word (2001)Donnie Darko (2001)Double Take (2001)Down to Earth (2001)Dr. Dolittle 2 (2001)Driven (2001)Eban and Charley (2001)Encounter in the Third Dimension (2001)Enemy at the Gates (2001)Escanaba in 'da Moonlight (2001)Evolution (2001)Exit Wounds (2001)Extreme Days (2001)Faithless (2001)Fast Food Fast Women (2001)Fat Girl (2001)Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (2001)Focus (2001)Freddy Got Fingered (2001)From Hell (2001)Funny Girl (2001)Gabriela (2001)Get Over It (2001)Ghost World (2001)Glitter (2001)Go Tigers! (2001)Gosford Park (2001)Grateful Dawg (2001)Greenfingers (2001)Hannibal (2001)Happenstance (2001)Happy Accidents (2001)Hardball (2001)Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001)Haunted Castle (2001)Head Over Heels (2001)Heartbreakers (2001)Hearts in Atlantis (2001)Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001)Heist (2001)Herman U.S.A. (2001)High Heels and Low Lifes (2001)How High (2001)I Am Sam (2001)In the Bedroom (2001)In the Mood for Love (2001)Innocence (2001)Intimacy (2001)Iris (2001)Iron Monkey (2001)Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001)Jeepers Creepers (2001)Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (2001)Jodi No. 1 (2001)Joe Dirt (2001)Joe Somebody (2001)John Carpenter's Ghosts of Mars (2001)Josie and the Pussycats (2001)Joy Ride (2001)Jump Tomorrow (2001)Jurassic Park III (2001)Just Visiting (2001)K-PAX (2001)Kandahar (2001)Karmina 2: L'enfer de Chabot (2001)Kate & Leopold (2001)Keep the River on Your Right (2001)Kingdom Come (2001)Kiss of the Dragon (2001)Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi (2001)L.I.E. (2001)La Forteresse suspendue (2001)Lagaan (2001)Lajja (2001)Lantana (2001)Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001)Last Resort (2001)Last Wedding (2001)Le cercle (2001)Left Behind (2001)Legally Blonde (2001)Les Boys III (2001)Liam (2001)Life and Debt (2001)Life as a House (2001)Lost and Delirious (2001)Lumumba (2001)Made (2001)Max Keeble's Big Move (2001)Me, You, Them (2001)Megiddo: The Omega Code 2 (2001)Memento (2001)Merci pour le chocolat (2001)Million Dollar Hotel (2001)Monkeybone (2001)Monster's Ball (2001)Monsters, Inc. (2001)Monty Python and the Holy Grail (2001)Moulin Rouge (2001)Mulholland Drive (2001)My First Mister (2001)N'Sync: Bigger Than Live (2001)Nico and Dani (2001)No Man's Land (2001)Not Another Teen Movie (2001)Novocaine (2001)Nuit de noces (2001)O (2001)Ocean's Eleven (2001)On the Line (2001)One Night at McCool's (2001)Original Sin (2001)Osmosis Jones (2001)Our Lady of the Assassins (2001)Out Cold (2001)Pearl Harbor (2001)Pinero (2001)Planet of the Apes (2001)Pokemon 3 (2001)Pootie Tang (2001)Porn Star: the Legend of Ron Jeremy (2001)Punks (2001)Rat Race (2001)Recess: School's Out (2001)Riding in Cars With Boys (2001)Rock Star (2001)Rush Hour 2 (2001)Save the Last Dance (2001)Saving Silverman (2001)Say It Isn't So (2001)Scary Movie 2 (2001)See Spot Run (2001)Serendipity (2001)Series 7 (2001)Session 9 (2001)Sexy Beast (2001)Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure (2001)Shallow Hal (2001)Shrek (2001)Sidewalks of New York (2001)Snatch (2001)Someone Like You (2001)Songcatcher (2001)Sordid Lives (2001)Soul Survivors (2001)Spy Game (2001)Spy Kids (2001)Startup.com (2001)Sugar & Spice (2001)Summer Catch (2001)Sweet November (2001)Swordfish (2001)Tape (2001)Texas Rangers (2001)The Adventures of Felix (2001)The Affair of the Necklace (2001)The Amati Girls (2001)The Animal (2001)The Anniversary Party (2001)The Big Eden (2001)The Bread, My Sweet (2001)The Brothers (2001)The Business of Strangers (2001)The Caveman's Valentine (2001)The Center of the World (2001)The Circle (2001)The Claim (2001)The Closet (2001)The Crimson Rivers (2001)The Curse of the Jade Scorpion (2001)The Day I Became a Woman (2001)The Debut (2001)The Deep End (2001)The Devil's Backbone (2001)The Dish (2001)The Endurance (2001)The Fast and the Furious (2001)The Fluffer (2001)The Forsaken (2001)The Glass House (2001)The Golden Bowl (2001)The Independent (2001)The Invisible Circus (2001)The Last Castle (2001)The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)The Luzhin Defence (2001)The Majestic (2001)The Man Who Cried (2001)The Man Who Wasn't There (2001)The Mexican (2001)The Mummy Returns (2001)The Musketeer (2001)The One (2001)The Other Side of Heaven (2001)The Others (2001)The Piano Teacher (2001)The Pledge (2001)The Princess and the Warrior (2001)The Princess Diaries (2001)The Road Home (2001)The Royal Tenenbaums (2001)The Score (2001)The Shipping News (2001)The Son's Room (2001)The Tailor of Panama (2001)The Trumpet of the Swan (2001)The Vertical Ray of the Sun (2001)The Wash (2001)The Wedding Planner (2001)The Widow of St. Pierre (2001)Thirteen Ghosts (2001)Together (2001)Tomcats (2001)Tortilla Soup (2001)Town & Country (2001)Training Day (2001)Trembling Before G-d (2001)Two Can Play That Game (2001)Un crabe dans la tete (2001)Under the Sand (2001)Va Savoir (2001)Valentine (2001)Vanilla Sky (2001)Waking Life (2001)Wet Hot American Summer (2001)What's the Worst That Could Happen? (2001)When Brendan Met Trudy (2001)Yaadein (2001)Zoolander (2001)_________All of 2000 Films_______102 Dalmatians (2000)28 Days (2000)3 Strikes (2000)8 1/2 Women (2000)A Hard Day's Night (2000)A Time for Drunken Horses (2000)Adrenaline Drive (2000)Agnes Browne (2000)Aimee & Jaguar (2000)Alice and Martin (2000)All the Pretty Horses (2000)Almost Famous (2000)American Psycho (2000)An Affair of Love (2000)An Everlasting Piece (2000)Autumn in New York (2000)Backstage (2000)Badal (2000)Baise-Moi (2000)Bait (2000)Bamboozled (2000)Basket (2000)Battlefield Earth (2000)Beautiful (2000)Beautiful People (2000)Bedazzled (2000)Before Night Falls (2000)Best in Show (2000)Beyond the Mat (2000)Big Momma's House (2000)Billy Elliot (2000)Bittersweet Motel (2000)Black and White (2000)Bless the Child (2000)Blood Simple (2000)Boiler Room (2000)Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 (2000)Boricua's Bond (2000)Bossa Nova (2000)Bounce (2000)Boys and Girls (2000)Boys Life 3 (2000)Bring It On (2000)Bulandi (2000)But I'm a Cheerleader (2000)Butterfly (2000)Cast Away (2000)Catfish in Black Bean Sauce (2000)Cecil B. Demented (2000)Center Stage (2000)Chal Mere Bhai (2000)Charlie's Angels (2000)Chicken Run (2000)Chocolat (2000)Chuck & Buck (2000)Chunhyang (2000)Cirque du Soleil: Journey of Man (2000)Cleopatra's Second Husband (2000)Coyote Ugly (2000)Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000)Croupier (2000)Cyberworld 3-D (2000)Dancer in the Dark (2000)Dark Days (2000)Dhadkan (2000)Digimon: The Movie (2000)Dinosaur (2000)Disney's The Kid (2000)Down to You (2000)Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)Dr. T and the Women (2000)Drowning Mona (2000)Dude, Where's My Car? (2000)Duets (2000)Dungeons and Dragons (2000)East Is East (2000)Erin Brockovich (2000)Eye of the Beholder (2000)Fantasia 2000 (2000)Final Destination (2000)Finding Forrester (2000)Frequency (2000)George Washington (2000)Get Carter (2000)Ghost Dog: Way of the Samurai (2000)Girl Next Door (2000)Girl on the Bridge (2000)Girlfight (2000)Gladiator (2000)God's Army (2000)Godzilla 2000 (2000)Gone in Sixty Seconds (2000)Gossip (2000)Goya in Bordeaux (2000)Grizzly Falls (2000)Groove (2000)Gun Shy (2000)Hadh Kar De Aapna (2000)Hamara Dil Aapka Pase Hain (2000)Hamlet (2000)Hanging Up (2000)Har Di Jo Pyar Karega (2000)Held Up (2000)Here on Earth (2000)Hey Ram (2000)High Fidelity (2000)Highlander: Endgame (2000)Himalaya (2000)Hollow Man (2000)Hum To Mohabbat Karega (2000)Human Traffic (2000)I Dreamed of Africa (2000)I'm the One That I Want (2000)Into the Arms of Strangers (2000)Isn't She Great (2000)Jesus' Son (2000)Joe Gould's Secret (2000)Josh (2000)Judy Berlin (2000)Jungle (2000)Kadosh (2000)Karobaar (2000)Keeping the Faith (2000)Khauff (2000)Khi pyar na ho jaye (2000)Khiladi 420 (2000)Knockout (2000)Kurukshetra (2000)La Buche (2000)Left Luggage (2000)Little Nicky (2000)Loser (2000)Lost Souls (2000)Love & Sex (2000)Love and Basketball (2000)Love's Labour's Lost (2000)Loving Jezebel (2000)Lucky Numbers (2000)Luminarias (2000)Maelstrom (2000)Malena (2000)Me Myself I (2000)Me, Myself & Irene (2000)Meet the Parents (2000)Mela (2000)Men of Honor (2000)Mercy Streets (2000)Michael Jordan to the Max (2000)Mifune (2000)Miss Congeniality (2000)Mission to Mars (2000)Mission: Impossible 2 (2000)Mohabbatein (2000)MVP: Most Valuable Primate (2000)My Dog Skip (2000)New Waterford Girl (2000)Next Friday (2000)Not One Less (2000)Nowhere to Hide (2000)Nurse Betty (2000)Nutty Professor II: The Klumps (2000)O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)One Day in September (2000)Panic (2000)Passion of Mind (2000)Pay It Forward (2000)Phir Bhi Dil Hain Hindustani (2000)Pitch Black (2000)Place Vendome (2000)Pokemon The Movie 2000 (2000)Pollock (2000)Price of Glory (2000)Promenons-nous dans les bois (2000)Proof of Life (2000)Pukar (2000)Quills (2000)Raju Chacha (2000)Ready to Rumble (2000)Rear Window (2000)Red Planet (2000)Reindeer Games (2000)Remember the Titans (2000)Requiem for a Dream (2000)Return to Me (2000)Ride (2000)Rififi (2000)Road Trip (2000)Romeo Must Die (2000)Rugrats in Paris: The Movie (2000)Rules of Engagement (2000)Running Free (2000)Saving Grace (2000)Scary Movie (2000)Scream 3 (2000)Screwed (2000)Shadow of the Vampire (2000)Shaft (2000)Shanghai Noon (2000)Shikari (2000)Shower (2000)Simpatico (2000)Small Time Crooks (2000)Smiling Fish and Goat on Fire (2000)Snatch (2000)Snow Day (2000)Solas (2000)Space Cowboys (2000)State and Main (2000)Such A Long Journey (2000)Sunshine (2000)Supernova (2000)Taxi 2 (2000)The 6th Day (2000)The Adventures of Rocky & Bullwinkle (2000)The Art of War (2000)The Beach (2000)The Big Kahuna (2000)The Broken Hearts Club (2000)The Cell (2000)The Closer You Get (2000)The Color of Paradise (2000)The Contender (2000)The Crew (2000)The Cup (2000)The Emperor's New Groove (2000)The Exorcist (2000)The Eyes of Tammy Faye (2000)The Family Man (2000)The Filth and the Fury (2000)The Five Senses (2000)The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas (2000)The Gift (2000)The House of Mirth (2000)The In Crowd (2000)The Ladies Man (2000)The Last September (2000)The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000)The Legend of Drunken Master (2000)The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg (2000)The Little Vampire (2000)The Next Best Thing (2000)The Nightmare Before Christmas (2000)The Ninth Gate (2000)The Opportunists (2000)The Original Kings of Comedy (2000)The Other Conquest (2000)The Patriot (2000)The Perfect Storm (2000)The Replacements (2000)The Road to El Dorado (2000)The Skulls (2000)The Tao of Steve (2000)The Taste of Others (2000)The Tigger Movie (2000)The Virgin Suicides (2000)The Watcher (2000)The Way of the Gun (2000)The Whole Nine Yards (2000)The Yards (2000)Thirteen Days (2000)This Is Spinal Tap (2000)Thomas and the Magic Railroad (2000)Time Code (2000)Time Regained (2000)Titan A.E. (2000)Traffic (2000)Trixie (2000)Trois (2000)Turn It Up (2000)Tuvalu (2000)Two Family House (2000)U-571 (2000)Unbreakable (2000)Under Suspicion (2000)Uninvited Guest (2000)Up at the Villa (2000)Urban Legends: Final Cut (2000)Urbania (2000)Vatel (2000)Venus Beauty Institute (2000)Vertical Limit (2000)Waking the Dead (2000)Way Down Town (2000)Wes Craven Presents: Dracula 2000 (2000)What Lies Beneath (2000)What Planet Are You From? (2000)What Women Want (2000)What's Cooking (2000)Whatever It Takes (2000)Where the Heart Is (2000)Where the Money Is (2000)Whipped (2000)With a Friend Like Harry (2000)Woman on Top (2000)Wonder Boys (2000)Wonderland (2000)X-Men (2000)Yi Yi (2000)You Can Count on Me (2000)_________All of 1999 Films_______10 Things I Hate About You (1999)20 Dates (1999)200 Cigarettes (1999)42 Up (1999)8MM (1999)A Dog of Flanders (1999)A Midsummer Night's Dream (1999)A Walk on the Moon (1999)After Life (1999)Alien Adventure (1999)All About My Mother (1999)American Beauty (1999)American Movie (1999)American Pie (1999)An Ideal Husband (1999)Analyze This (1999)Angela's Ashes (1999)Anna and the King (1999)Any Given Sunday (1999)Anywhere But Here (1999)Arlington Road (1999)Asterix and Obelix vs. Caesar (1999)At First Sight (1999)Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999)Autumn Tale (1999)Baadshah (1999)Babar, King of Elephants (1999)Baby Geniuses (1999)Bats (1999)Beefcake (1999)Being John Malkovich (1999)Besieged (1999)Better Than Chocolate (1999)Bicentennial Man (1999)Big Daddy (1999)Black Mask (1999)Blast from the Past (1999)Blue Streak (1999)Body Shots (1999)Bowfinger (1999)Boys Don't Cry (1999)Breakfast of Champions (1999)Bringing Out the Dead (1999)Brokedown Palace (1999)Buena Vista Social Club (1999)Cannabis 101 (1999)Children of Heaven (1999)Chill Factor (1999)Cookie's Fortune (1999)Cradle Will Rock (1999)Crazy in Alabama (1999)Cruel Intentions (1999)Dahek (1999)Deep Blue Sea (1999)Detroit Rock City (1999)Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo (1999)Dick (1999)Dil Kya Kare (1999)Dillagi (1999)Dog Park (1999)Dogma (1999)Double Jeopardy (1999)Doug's 1st Movie (1999)Dr. Akagi (1999)Drive Me Crazy (1999)Drop Dead Gorgeous (1999)Dudley Do-Right (1999)Earth (1999)East-West (1999)Edge of Seventeen (1999)EDtv (1999)Election (1999)Elmo in Grouchland (1999)Elvis Gratton II (1999)Encounter in the Third Dimension (1999)End Of Days (1999)Endurance (1999)Entrapment (1999)eXistenZ (1999)Extreme (1999)Eyes Wide Shut (1999)Felicia's Journey (1999)Fifty (1999)Fight Club (1999)Flawless (1999)Foolish (1999)For Love of the Game (1999)Forces of Nature (1999)Galapagos (1999)Galaxy Quest (1999)Get Real (1999)Girl, Interrupted (1999)Gloria (1999)Go (1999)Goodbye Lover (1999)Grey Owl (1999)Guinevere (1999)Happy, Texas (1999)Haseena Mann Jaayegi (1999)Hello Brother (1999)Hideous Kinky (1999)Hindustan Ki Kasam (1999)Histoires d'hiver (1999)Holy Smoke (1999)Hote Hote Pyar Ho Gaya (1999)House on Haunted Hill (1999)Humsaath Hain (1999)Idle Hands (1999)Illuminata (1999)In Dreams (1999)In Too Deep (1999)Inspector Gadget (1999)Instinct (1999)International Khiladi (1999)Island of the Sharks (1999)Jakob the Liar (1999)Jawbreaker (1999)Just a Little Harmless Sex (1999)Just the Ticket (1999)Korhram (1999)La nuit des chauvre-souris (1999)Lake Placid (1999)Lal Badshah (1999)Last Night (1999)Laura Cadieux ... La Suite (1999)Le dernier souffle (1999)Les enfants du marais (1999)Liberty Heights (1999)Life (1999)Light It Up (1999)Limbo (1999)Lock,Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1999)Lost & Found (1999)Love Stinks (1999)Lovers of the Arctic Circle (1999)Lucie Aubrac (1999)Magnolia (1999)Man on the Moon (1999)Mansfield Park (1999)Mast (1999)Matroni et moi (1999)Message in a Bottle (1999)Mickey Blue Eyes (1999)Mr. Death (1999)Mumford (1999)Muppets From Space (1999)Music of the Heart (1999)My Favorite Martian (1999)My Life So Far (1999)My Name is Joe (1999)My Son the Fanatic (1999)Mystery Men (1999)Mystery, Alaska (1999)Never Been Kissed (1999)Notting Hill (1999)October Sky (1999)Office Space (1999)One Man's Hero (1999)Open Your Eyes (1999)Outside Providence (1999)Payback (1999)Play It to the Bone (1999)Plunkett & Macleane (1999)Pokemon: The First Movie (1999)Princess Mononoke (1999)Pushing Tin (1999)Random Hearts (1999)Ravenous (1999)Ride With The Devil (1999)Romance (1999)Run Lola Run (1999)Runaway Bride (1999)Sarfarosh (1999)She's All That (1999)Siegfried & Roy: The Magic Box (1999)Silsila Hain Pyar Ka (1999)Simon Sez (1999)Simply Irresistible (1999)Sirf Tum (1999)SLC Punk (1999)Sleepy Hollow (1999)Snow Falling on Cedars (1999)South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999)Star Wars: The Phantom Menace (1999)Stigmata (1999)Stir of Echoes (1999)Straight From the Heart (1999)Stuart Little (1999)Such a Long Journey (1999)Sugar Town (1999)Summer of Sam (1999)Sunshine (1999)Superstar (1999)Sweet and Lowdown (1999)Taal (1999)Tarzan (1999)Tea With Mussolini (1999)Teaching Mrs. Tingle (1999)The 13th Warrior (1999)The 24-Hour Woman (1999)The Astronaut's Wife (1999)The Bachelor (1999)The Best Man (1999)The Blair Witch Project (1999)The Bone Collector (1999)The Castle (1999)The Cider House Rules (1999)The Corruptor (1999)The Deep End of the Ocean (1999)The Emperor and the Assassin (1999)The End of the Affair (1999)The General's Daughter (1999)The Green Mile (1999)The Harmonists (1999)The Haunting (1999)The Hurricane (1999)The Insider (1999)The Iron Giant (1999)The King and I (1999)The King of Masks (1999)The Legend of 1900 (1999)The Limey (1999)The Loss of Sexual Innocence (1999)The Love Letter (1999)The Lovers on the Bridge (1999)The Matrix (1999)The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999)The Minus Man (1999)The Mod Squad (1999)The Mummy (1999)The Muse (1999)The Nutcracker (1999)The Omega Code (1999)The Other Sister (1999)The Out-of-Towners (1999)The Rage: Carrie 2 (1999)The Sixth Sense (1999)The Story of Us (1999)The Straight Story (1999)The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999)The Third Miracle (1999)The Thirteenth Floor (1999)The Thomas Crown Affair (1999)The Winslow Boy (1999)The Wood (1999)The World Is Not Enough (1999)Thicker than Water (1999)This Is My Father (1999)Three Kings (1999)Three Seasons (1999)Three To Tango (1999)Titus (1999)Topsy-Turvy (1999)Toy Story 2 (1999)Train of Life (1999)Trekkies (1999)Trick (1999)Trippin' (1999)True Crime (1999)Tumbleweeds (1999)Twice Upon a Yesterday (1999)Twin Dragons (1999)Twin Falls Idaho (1999)Unconditional Love (1999)Universal Soldier: The Return (1999)Vaastar (1999)Varsity Blues (1999)Virtual Sexuality (1999)Virus (1999)Wild Wild West (1999)Wildfire: Feel the Heat (1999)Wing Commander (1999)Wolves (1999)Xiu Xiu: The Sent Down Girl (1999)_________All of 1998 Films_______3 Ninjas: High Noon at Mega Mountain (1998)54 (1998)A Bug's Life (1998)A Civil Action (1998)A Friend of the Deceased (1998)A Merry War (1998)A Night at the Roxbury (1998)A Perfect Murder (1998)A Price Above Rubies (1998)A Rat's Tale (1998)A Simple Plan (1998)A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries (1998)Affliction (1998)Africa's Elephant Kingdom (1998)Air Bud: Golden Receiver (1998)Almost Heroes (1998)American History X (1998)Another Day in Paradise (1998)Antz (1998)Apt Pupil (1998)Arguing the World (1998)Armageddon (1998)Artemisia (1998)Babe: Pig in the City (1998)Barney's Great Adventure (1998)BASEketball (1998)Belly (1998)Beloved (1998)Beyond Silence (1998)Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss (1998)Black Dog (1998)Blade (1998)Blues Brothers 2000 (1998)Bride of Chucky (1998)Buffalo 66 (1998)Bugs Bunny Film Fest (1998)Bulworth (1998)C't'a ton tour Laura Cadieux (1998)Can't Hardly Wait (1998)Caught Up (1998)Celebrity (1998)Central Station (1998)Chairman of the Board (1998)Chambermaid On The Titanic (1998)Character (1998)Chinese Box (1998)City of Angels (1998)Clay Pigeons (1998)Clockwatchers (1998)Cousin Bette (1998)Cube (1998)Dance With Me (1998)Dancer, Texas Pop. 81 (1998)Dancing at Lughnasa (1998)Dangerous Beauty (1998)Dark City (1998)Dead Man On Campus (1998)Deceiver (1998)Deep Impact (1998)Deep Rising (1998)Deja Vu (1998)Desperate Measures (1998)Dirty Work (1998)Disturbing Behavior (1998)Down in the Delta (1998)Dr. Dolittle (1998)Elizabeth (1998)Enemy of the State (1998)Ever After (1998)Everest (1998)Fallen (1998)Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998)Firelight (1998)Firestorm (1998)Fireworks (1998)Four Days in September (1998)Freeriders (1998)Gadjo Dilo (1998)Gods and Monsters (1998)Godzilla (1998)Gone With The Wind (1998)Grease (1998)Great Expectations (1998)Half Baked (1998)Halloween: H20 (1998)Happiness (1998)Hard Rain (1998)Hav Plenty (1998)He Got Game (1998)Henry Fool (1998)High Art (1998)Hilary and Jackie (1998)Holy Man (1998)Home Fries (1998)Homegrown (1998)Hope Floats (1998)How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998)Hurlyburly (1998)Hurricane Streets (1998)Hush (1998)I Got the Hook-Up (1998)I Love You ... Don't Touch Me! (1998)I Still Know What You Did Last Summer (1998)I Think I Do (1998)I Went Down (1998)I'll Be Home For Christmas (1998)In God's Hands (1998)Insomnia (1998)Jack Frost (1998)John Carpenter's Vampires (1998)Kissing a Fool (1998)Knock Off (1998)Krippendorf's Tribe (1998)Kurt and Courtney (1998)Last Night (1998)Lawn Dogs (1998)Le Bossu (1998)Les Boys II (1998)Les couloirs du temps (1998)Les Miserables (1998)Let's Talk About Sex (1998)Lethal Weapon 4 (1998)Life is Beautiful (1998)Little Voice (1998)Live Flesh (1998)Living Out Loud (1998)Lolita (1998)Lost In Space (1998)Love & Death on Long Island (1998)Love is the Devil (1998)Madeline (1998)Mafia! (1998)Major League: Back to the Minors (1998)Mark Twain's America in 3D (1998)Mean Streets (1998)Meet Joe Black (1998)Meet the Deedles (1998)Men With Guns (1998)Mercury Rising (1998)Mighty Joe Young (1998)Modulations (1998)Monument Avenue (1998)Mr. Jealousy (1998)Mr. Nice Guy (1998)Mrs. Dalloway (1998)Mulan (1998)My Giant (1998)Mysteries of Egypt (1998)Next Stop Wonderland (1998)Niagara Niagara (1998)Nights of Cabiria (1998)Nightwatch (1998)No Looking Back (1998)One Tough Cop (1998)One True Thing (1998)Orgazmo (1998)Out Of Sight (1998)Palmetto (1998)Passion In the Desert (1998)Patch Adams (1998)Paulie (1998)Pecker (1998)Permanent Midnight (1998)Phantoms (1998)Pi (1998)Picnic at Hanging Rock (1998)Place Vendome (1998)Playing by Heart (1998)Pleasantville (1998)Plump Fiction (1998)Polish Wedding (1998)Post Coitum, Animal Triste (1998)Practical Magic (1998)Primary Colors (1998)Psycho (1998)Quest for Camelot (1998)Regeneration (1998)Return to Paradise (1998)Ride (1998)Ringmaster (1998)Ronin (1998)Rounders (1998)Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1998)Rush Hour (1998)Rushmore (1998)Safe Men (1998)Saving Private Ryan (1998)Senseless (1998)Shakespeare in Love (1998)Shattered Image (1998)Shooting Fish (1998)Simon Birch (1998)Six Days, Seven Nights (1998)Six-String Samurai (1998)Slam (1998)Slappy and the Stinkers (1998)Sliding Doors (1998)Slums of Beverly Hills (1998)Small Soldiers (1998)Smoke Signal (1998)Snake Eyes (1998)Soldier (1998)Sour Grapes (1998)Species II (1998)Sphere (1998)Spice World (1998)Star Kid (1998)Star Trek: Insurrection (1998)Steam: The Turkish Bath (1998)Stephen King's The Night Flier (1998)Stepmom (1998)Still Breathing (1998)Still Crazy (1998)Strangeland (1998)Strike (1998)Suicide Kings (1998)Swept from the Sea (1998)T-Rex: Back to the Cretaceous (1998)Tango (1998)Tarzan and the Lost City (1998)Taste of Cherry (1998)Taxi (1998)The Avengers (1998)The Bicycle Thief (1998)The Big Chill (1998)The Big Hit (1998)The Big Lebowski (1998)The Big One (1998)The Borrowers (1998)The Butcher Boy (1998)The Celebration (1998)The Cruise (1998)The Dinner Game (1998)The Dreamlife of Angels (1998)The Faculty (1998)The General (1998)The Gingerbread Man (1998)The Governess (1998)The Hanging Garden (1998)The Hi-Lo Country (1998)The Horse Whisperer (1998)The Impostors (1998)The Inheritors (1998)The Land Girls (1998)The Last Days (1998)The Last Days of Disco (1998)The Man in the Iron Mask (1998)The Mask of Zorro (1998)The Mighty (1998)The Negotiator (1998)The Newton Boys (1998)The Object of My Affection (1998)The Odd Couple II (1998)The Opposite of Sex (1998)The Parent Trap (1998)The Players Club (1998)The Prince of Egypt (1998)The Proposition (1998)The Real Blonde (1998)The Red Violin (1998)The Replacement Killers (1998)The Ride (1998)The Rugrats Movie (1998)The School of Flesh (1998)The Siege (1998)The Spanish Prisoner (1998)The Swindle (1998)The Thief (1998)The Thin Red Line (1998)The Truce (1998)The Truman Show (1998)The Waterboy (1998)The Wizard of Oz (1998)The X-Files (1998)There's Something About Mary (1998)Touch of Evil (1998)Twilight (1998)Two Girls and a Guy (1998)U.S. Marshals (1998)Urban Legend (1998)Velvet Goldmine (1998)Very Bad Things (1998)Waking Ned Devine (1998)Wedding Singer (1998)Western (1998)What Dreams May Come (1998)Whatever (1998)Why Do Fools Fall In Love (1998)Wide Awake (1998)Wild Man Blues (1998)Wild Things (1998)Wilde (1998)Without Limits (1998)Woo (1998)Wrongfully Accused (1998)You've Got Mail (1998)Your Friends & Neighbours (1998)Zero Effect (1998)_________All of 1997 Films_______187 (1997)4 Little Girls (1997)8 Heads in a Duffel Bag (1997)A Chef in Love (1997)A Life Less Ordinary (1997)A Self-Made Hero (1997)A Simple Wish (1997)A Smile Like Yours (1997)A Thousand Acres (1997)Absolute Power (1997)Addicted to Love (1997)Afterglow (1997)Air Bud (1997)Air Force One (1997)Albino Alligator (1997)Alien Resurrection (1997)Alive and Kicking (1997)All Over Me (1997)Amistad (1997)An American Werewolf in Paris (1997)Anaconda (1997)Anastasia (1997)Anna Karenina (1997)As Good As It Gets (1997)Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery (1997)B.A.P.S (1997)Bandwagon (1997)Batman & Robin (1997)Bean (1997)Beautician and the Beast (1997)Bent (1997)Beverly Hills Ninja (1997)Bliss (1997)Blood & Wine (1997)Boogie Nights (1997)Booty Call (1997)Box of Moonlight (1997)Boys Life 2 (1997)Brassed Off (1997)Breakdown (1997)Broken English (1997)Buddy (1997)Buscando un Sueno (1997)Career Girls (1997)Catherine's Grove (1997)Cats Don't Dance (1997)Chasing Amy (1997)Children of the Revolution (1997)City of Industry (1997)Commandments (1997)Con Air (1997)Conspiracy Theory (1997)Contact (1997)Contempt (1997)Cop Land (1997)Crash (1997)Critical Care (1997)Dancehall Queen (1997)Dangerous Ground (1997)Dante's Peak (1997)Das Boat (1997)Day for Night (1997)Deconstructing Harry (1997)Def Jam's How to Be a Player (1997)Different for Girls (1997)Dirty Dancing (1997)Donnie Brasco (1997)Double Team (1997)Dream With the Fishes (1997)End of Violence (1997)Eve's Bayou (1997)Event Horizon (1997)Excess Baggage (1997)Face/Off (1997)Fairy Tale:A True Story (1997)Fast, Cheap & Out of Control (1997)Father's Day (1997)Female Perversions (1997)Fierce Creatures (1997)Fire (1997)Fire Down Below (1997)First Strike (1997)Flamenco (1997)Flubber (1997)Fools Rush In (1997)For Richer or Poorer (1997)For Roseanna (1997)Free Willy 3: The Rescue (1997)G.I. Jane (1997)Gabbeh (1997)Gang Related (1997)Gattaca (1997)George of the Jungle (1997)Going All the Way (1997)Gone Fishin' (1997)Good Burger (1997)Good Luck (1997)Good Will Hunting (1997)Gridlock'd (1997)Grizzly Mountain (1997)Grosse Pointe Blank (1997)Guantanamera (1997)Gummo (1997)Happy Together (1997)Hard Eight (1997)Hercules (1997)Hollow Reed (1997)Home Alone 3 (1997)Hoodlum (1997)Hotel de Love (1997)I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997)In & Out (1997)In Love and War (1997)In the Company of Men (1997)Inventing the Abbotts (1997)Irma Vep (1997)Jackie Brown (1997)Johns (1997)Julian Po (1997)Jungle 2 Jungle (1997)Kama Sutra (1997)Kicked in the Head (1997)Kiss Me, Guido (1997)Kiss or Kill (1997)Kiss the Girls (1997)Kissed (1997)Kolya (1997)Kull the Conqueror (1997)Kundun (1997)L.A. Confidential (1997)La Conciergene (1997)La Promesse (1997)Late Bloomers (1997)Latin Boys Go to Hell (1997)Lawrence of Arabia (1997)Le plus beau metier du monde (1997)Leave It to Beaver (1997)Les Boys (1997)Liar Liar (1997)Lost Highway (1997)Love and Other Catastrophes (1997)Love Jones (1997)Love Serenade (1997)Love! Valour! Compassion! (1997)Ma Vie en Rose (1997)Mad City (1997)Marguise (1997)Marius et Jeannette (1997)Masterminds (1997)Matusalem II (1997)McHale's Navy (1997)Meet Wally Sparks (1997)Men in Black (1997)Metro (1997)Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1997)Mimic (1997)Money Talks (1997)Mortal Kombat Annihilation (1997)Most Wanted (1997)Mouse Hunt (1997)Mr. Magoo (1997)Mrs. Brown (1997)Murder at 1600 (1997)My Best Friend's Wedding (1997)Napoleon (1997)Night Falls on Manhattan (1997)Nothing to Lose (1997)Nowhere (1997)Nueba Yol 3 (1997)Office Killer (1997)One Night Stand (1997)Operation Condor (1997)Oscar and Lucinda (1997)Out to Sea (1997)Paperback Romance (1997)Paradise Road (1997)Picture Perfect (1997)Pink Flamingos (1997)Pippi Longstocking (1997)Playing God (1997)Ponette (1997)Prefontaine (1997)Prisoner of the Mountains (1997)Private Parts (1997)Red Corner (1997)Return of the Jedi (1997)Rhyme & Reason (1997)Rien ne va plus (1997)RocketMan (1997)Romy & Michele's High School Reunion (1997)Rosewood (1997)Rough Magic (1997)Scream 2 (1997)Selena (1997)Seven Years in Tibet (1997)Shadow Conspiracy (1997)Shall We Dance? (1997)She's So Lovely (1997)Shiloh (1997)Shooting Porn (1997)Sick; Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist (1997)Smilla's Sense of Snow (1997)Snowriders 2 (1997)Soul Food (1997)Spawn (1997)Speed 2: Cruise Control (1997)Sprung (1997)Star Maps (1997)Star Wars (1997)Starship Troopers (1997)Steel (1997)Substance of Fire (1997)SubUrbia (1997)Sunday (1997)Switchback (1997)Telling Lies in America (1997)Temptress Moon (1997)Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1997)That Darn Cat (1997)That Old Feeling (1997)The 6th Man (1997)The Apostle (1997)The Assignment (1997)The Boxer (1997)The Daytrippers (1997)The Delta (1997)The Devil's Advocate (1997)The Devil's Own (1997)The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca (1997)The Edge (1997)The Education of Little Tree (1997)The Empire Strikes Back (1997)The Fifth Element (1997)The Full Monty (1997)The Game (1997)The Godfather (1997)The Hanging Garden (1997)The House of Yes (1997)The Ice Storm (1997)The Jackal (1997)The Little Mermaid (1997)The Lost World (1997)The Man Who Knew Too Little (1997)The Matchmaker (1997)The Myth of Fingerprints (1997)The Peacemaker (1997)The Pest (1997)The Pillow Book (1997)The Postman (1997)The Rainmaker (1997)The Relic (1997)The Saint (1997)The Second Jungle Book (1997)The Swan Princess 2 (1997)The Sweet Hereafter (1997)The Tango Lesson (1997)The Van (1997)The Wind in the Willows (1997)The Winter Guest (1997)This World, Then the Fireworks (1997)Thrill Ride (1997)Til There Was You (1997)Titanic (1997)Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)Touch (1997)Traveller (1997)Trial and Error (1997)Truth or Consequences (1997)Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie (1997)Turbulence (1997)Twin Town (1997)U-Turn (1997)Ulee's Gold (1997)Un Air de Famille (1997)Vegas Vacation (1997)Volcano (1997)Wag The Dog (1997)Waiting for Guffman (1997)Warriors of Virtue (1997)Washington Square (1997)Wedding Bell Blues (1997)Welcome to Sarajevo (1997)Wes Craven Presents Wishmaster (1997)When the Cat's Away (1997)When We Were Kings (1997)Wild America (1997)Wings of the Dove (1997)Year of the Horse (1997)Zeus and Roxanne (1997)
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter... and Spring (1)
Date Released 4.2.04
Opening Weekend Gross $0.043
Total Domestic Gross $2.105
Peak # of Screens 74
Weeks in Top 60 15
Rank This Week --
Studio SPC
Best Picture Oscar --
Weekend Box Office Stats for Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter... and Spring
Week Weekend Weekend Rank Weekend Gross
(millions) Pct. Change Per-Screen Avg. # of Screens Cumulative Gross
(millions)
1 April 2 - 4, 2004 59 $0.043 -- $7,093 6 $0.043
2 April 9 - 11, 2004 52 $0.049 14% $6,953 7 $0.114
3 April 16 - 18, 2004 41 $0.066 36% $5,099 13 $0.202
5 April 30 - May 2, 2004 42 $0.122 12% $2,978 41 $0.506
6 May 7 - 9, 2004 33 $0.156 27% $2,681 58 $0.706
7 May 14 - 16, 2004 31 $0.140 -10% $2,371 59 $0.914
8 May 21 - 23, 2004 28 $0.137 -2% $2,409 57 $1.113
9 May 28 - 31, 2004 29 $0.208 51% $3,463 60 $1.369
10 June 4 - 6, 2004 21 $0.146 -9% $1,967 74 $1.561
11 June 11 - 13, 2004 31 $0.111 -24% $1,560 71 $1.741
14 July 2 - 5, 2004 47 $0.040 -24% $1,022 39 $2.054
15 July 9 - 11, 2004 50 $0.026 -15% $808 32 $2.105
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New York Beats Out San Francisco to Be World’s Best Tech City
by Jessica Sass
By: Sydney Maki
Amazon.com Inc. might have the right idea: A new study shows New York City is the best place on the planet for technology.
New York ranked first in an index measuring 30 global tech-heavy cities analyzed by real estate brokerage Savills Plc, with San Francisco in second place and London third. New York pulled ahead thanks to its volume of venture capital cash, large pool of talent -- both homegrown and people attracted to the city -- and the opportunities that exist for them.
“So much of it is talent,” Paul Tostevin, author of the report, said from London. “New York can keep generating its own talent and, I think more importantly, recruiting it from around the world.”
Amazon in November unveiled plans to build an office hub in the Long Island City neighborhood of Queens to accommodate 25,000 new employees. In its announcement, the internet retailer pointed to its desire for big populations of skilled workers to hire from. Google and Apple Inc.are also expanding in the city.
“Scale is something New York can offer when you’re employing so many people, so there’s a real advantage there for large tech companies,” said Tostevin, associate director of world research for the brokerage. “There’s that work-and-life balance that’s so important, and that New York can offer that is quite advantageous.”
It’s the first time in the report’s three iterations that New York came out on top. Austin, Texas, and San Francisco took the No. 1 and 2 spots, respectively, in both the 2015 and 2017 studies. The Savills index scores cities on the costs of living and doing business, investment opportunities, real estate prices and access to transit, among other things.
New York got points for its venture capital investment, which was billions of dollars greater than in San Francisco over the past three years, according to the report. That and plentiful transportation options helped offset the city’s poor score for real estate costs, Tostevin said. New York’s rents for offices -- including co-working space -- and housing are among the highest, according to Savills
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Home History 5 Crazy Facts You Probably Don’t Know About American Life 100 Years...
5 Crazy Facts You Probably Don’t Know About American Life 100 Years Ago
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When one says history, a lot of things come to mind. For instance, the wars, politics, the culture, and all the serious stuff. We learn about these things in school; we spend years studying them.
So now it’s time that we dive into the small and often taken for granted facts and small trinkets of history 100 or so years ago.
1. Fuel for cars was only sold in drug stores
In 1885, Karl Benz invented the first automobile that was powered by gasoline. It had only three wheels and was called Benz Patent-Motorwagen.
Three years after the automobile’s invention, Bertha Benz, Karl’s wife took the Motorwagen to a road trip. It was an over 60-mile round trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim in order to showcase the automobile.
Along the way, she purchased fuel by purchasing benzene from pharmacies. Gasoline stations, as we know them now, hadn’t been invented yet.
2. One out of every 5 adults could not read or write
Today’s literacy is different from a hundred or so years ago. The materials and resources we have now are a lot better than what people who live then had.
In 1870, 20 percent of people were unable to read and write; today it is down to 14.9 percent.
The fact that only six percent of Americans graduated from high school may have contributed to widespread illiteracy.
3. The population of Las Vegas was only 25
The earliest visitors to Las Vegas were nomadic Paleo-Indians who traveled there when they left behind petroglyphs.
During the year 1900, believe it or not, Las Vegas only a population of 25.
By 2015, 115 years later, the population had risen to to 623,747.
4. An average US female worker made around $300 a year
In 1915, about 2 years after the income tax came to the scene and took a cut from salaries, an average male worker in the US made about $687 a year.
On the other hand, being a woman was quite difficult during those times. An average female worker in 1915 only made about $6 a week or just $312 a year.
5. Before the 1920s or so, women gave birth at home
A hundred years ago, the U.S. did not have the same number of hospitals that it has now. In reality, hospitals were reserved for severe cases of diseases only.
Only in the 1920s did the hospitals start to market to women, and the pitch was absurd like the women are having a vacation or something, “It’s a kind of break. Come rest for a week, have your baby, and you don’t have to take care of the family for a few days.”
Aren’t these facts a little refreshing compared to our history class?
Image via Pixabay.
Luxembourg’s First Gentleman Poses With First Ladies And It Is Everything We Had Hoped For
Unearthed Photos Show Rare Side To Scott’s 1912 South Pole Expedition, Including A Frostbitten Hand
6 Steps To Financial Stability In One Chart
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Take an Emotional Journey With ‘Marigolds’
February 26, 2014 by Allison Hiltz 20 Comments
A Fall of Marigolds by Susan Meissner
Published by NAL Trade on February 4, 2014
Genres/Lists: Fiction, Historical Fiction
Read synopsis on Goodreads
Buy the book: Amazon/Audible (this post includes affiliate links)
Today I’m participating in a blog tour for a new book by award-winning novelist Susan Meissner who’s here with me today to talk about her newest book from Penguin NAL. A Fall of Marigolds is a part historical novel, part contemporary novel set on Ellis Island in 1911 and in Manhattan a hundred years later.
Susan Meissner is the multi-published author of fifteen books, including The Shape of Mercy, named one of the 100 Best Novels in 2008 by Publishers Weekly and the ECPA’s Fiction Book of the Year. She is also a speaker and writing workshop leader with a background in community journalism. She and her husband make their home in Southern California.
Have you ever found an item and wondered about the lives of its previous owners? I have, which is why I was intrigued by A Fall of Marigolds by Susan Meissner which is, at its core, about one beautiful scarf linking two women across time. A dual narrative spanning a century, this story follows two women: Clara, a nurse at Ellis Island in 1911, and Taryn, a single mother in present day. Both women are struggling to overcome personal tragedies and are, ultimately, seeking redemption.
One of the things that I loved about this book, aside from the storyline, was the setting. The detailed descriptions about the life and patients on Ellis Island created such a vivid world that I could easily lose myself in the early 1900’s. Present-day Manhattan, of course, required less description and I am glad that the author chose to to use her words wisely by focusing on the past. Meissner avoids the mistake most historical fiction writers make by striking the perfect balance between description and plot.
Lyrically written and with impeccable character development, A Fall of Marigolds is the perfect book to curl up with. The author has a gift for bringing emotions to the surface and takes the reader on an emotional journey that will leave you breathless. As the women faced their fears and made decisions that would last a lifetime, I felt like I was standing beside them, my heart racing in time with theirs. Historical fiction fans will absolutely adore this book.
Scroll down for an interview with the author and amazing photos that inspired the book!
1. Susan, tell us where the idea for A Fall of Marigolds came from.
I’ve long been a history junkie, especially with regard to historical events that involve ordinary people facing extraordinary circumstances. A couple years ago I viewed a documentary by author and filmmaker Lorie Conway called Forgotten Ellis Island; a hauntingly poignant exposé on the section of Ellis Island no one really has heard much about; its hospital. The two man-made islands that make up the hospital buildings haven’t been used in decades and are falling into ruins, a sad predicament the documentary aptly addresses. The documentary’s images of the rooms where the sick of a hundred nations waited to be made well stayed with me. I knew there were a thousand stories pressed into those walls of immigrants who were just a stone’s throw from a new life in America. They were so close they could almost taste it. But unless they could be cured of whatever disease they’d arrived with, they would never set foot on her shores. Ellis Island hospital was the ultimate in-between place – it lay between what was and what could be. A great place to set a story
2. What is the story about, in a nutshell?
The book is about two women who never meet as they are separated by a century. One woman, Taryn, is a 9/11 widow and single mother who is about to mark the tenth anniversary of her husband’s passing. The other is a nurse, Clara, who witnessed the tragic death of the man she loved in the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in Manhattan in 1911.In her sorrow, Clara imposes on herself an exile of sorts; she takes a post at the hospital on Ellis Island so that she can hover in an in-between place while she wrestles with her grief. She meets an immigrant who wears the scarf of the wife he lost crossing the Atlantic, a scarf patterned in marigolds. The scarf becomes emblematic of the beauty and risk inherent in loving people, and it eventually finds it way to Taryn one hundred years later on the morning a plane crashes into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The story is about the resiliency of love, and the notion that the weight of the world is made more bearable because of it, even though it exposes us to the risk of loss.
3. Why a scarf of marigolds? What is their significance?
Marigolds aren’t like most other flowers. They aren’t beautiful and fragrant. You don’t see them in bridal bouquets or prom corsages or funeral sprays. They don’t come in gentle colors like pink and lavender and baby blue. Marigolds are hearty, pungent and brassy. They are able to bloom in the autumn months, well past the point when many other flowers can’t. In that respect, I see marigolds as being symbolic of the strength of the human spirit to risk loving again after loss. Because, face it. We live in a messy world. Yet it’s the only one we’ve got. We either love here or we don’t. The title of the book has a sort of double-meaning. Both the historical and contemporary story take place primarily in the autumn. Secondarily, when Clara sees the scarf for the first time, dangling from an immigrant’s shoulders as he enters the hospital building, she sees the floral pattern in the threads, notes how similar they are to the flames she saw in the fire that changed everything for her, and she describes the cascading blooms woven into the scarf as “a fall of marigolds.”
4. What led you to dovetail the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 with 9/11?
When I first began pulling at story threads, my first instinct was to tell a story about an immigrant struggling to remain hopeful as an unwilling patient at Ellis Island hospital. But the more I toyed with whose story this was, the more I saw instead a young nurse, posting herself to a place where every disease known and unknown showed up. It was a place like no other; a waiting place – a place where the dozens of languages spoken added to the unnatural homelessness of it. Why was she here? Why did she choose this post? Why did she refuse to get on the ferry on Saturday nights to reconnect with the real world? What kind of person would send herself to Ellis not just to work, but to live? Someone who needed a place to hover suspended. I knew something catastrophic had to happen to her to make her run to Ellis for cover. As I began researching possible scenarios, I came across the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, which up until 9/11 was arguably the worst urban disaster to befall Manhattan. There were similarities between that fire and 9/11, including the tragic fact that many trapped workers jumped to their deaths rather than perish in the flames. For every person lost in disasters such as these, there is always his or her individual story, and the stories of those who loved them. I wanted to imagine two of those stories.
5. One important plot element is the moral dilemma Clara faces when she discovers something about the dead immigrant’s wife that he does not know. What led you to include this story thread?
A good story has to have tension; there has to be some kind of force tightening the screws, forcing the characters to react and respond. The main character of any novel wants something and the tension increases whenever what she wants eludes her. Clara is desperate to keep love golden, perfect in her mind, and without sharp edges. This moral dilemma I impose on her forces her to truly ponder what she thinks she wants. Is love really at its grandest when there are no sharp edges to it all? I don’t think so. I think to love at its fullest means we might get hurt. Probably will. But that doesn’t mean it’s not worth sharing, giving, and having. I include a line in the book that sums it up for me. “Love was both the softest edge and the sharpest edge of what made life real.” I think if we’re honest with ourselves we don’t want to settle for love being just as safe as “like.” Clara wrestles with what to do with her knowledge because she doesn’t want the beauty of love to somehow be tarnished; even it’s tarnished by truth.
6. Your last few novels have had historical components interwoven within a contemporary story. Why do you prefer that kind of story construction?
I think living in Europe for five years awakened my love for history. It’s like it was always there but my time spent overseas just woke it up. When I think back to the subjects I did well in and that came easy to me in high school and college, it was always English and history, never math or science. I appreciate the artistry of math and the complexity of science, but neither subject comes easy to me. History has the word “story” in it. That’s what it is. It’s the story of everyone and everything. How could I not love it? Study history and you learn very quickly what we value as people; what we love, what we fear, what we hate, what we are willing die for. History shows us where we’ve been and usually has lessons for us to help us chart where we’re going.
7. Are you working on anything new at the moment?
My next book is set entirely in England, mostly during The London Blitz. My main character starts out as a young, aspiring bridal gown designer evacuated to the countryside with her seven-year-old sister in the summer of 1940. Though only fifteen, Emmy is on the eve of being made an apprentice to a renowned costumer and she resents her single mother’s decision to send her away. She sneaks back to London – with her sister in tow – several months later but the two become separated when the Luftwaffe begins its terrible and deadly attack on the East End on the first night of the Blitz. War has a way of separating from us what we most value, and often shows how little we realized that value. I have always found the evacuation of London’s children to the countryside – some for the entire duration of the war – utterly compelling. How hard it must have been for those parents and their children. I went on a research trip to the U.K. in the fall of 2013 and I spoke with many individuals who were children during the war; some were separated from their parents, some were bombed out of their homes, some slept night after night in underground Tube stations, some watched in fascination as children from the city came to their towns and villages to live with them. This book explores issues of loss and longing, but also the bonds of sisters, and always, the power of love.
8. Where can readers connect with you?
You can find me at www.susanmeissner.com and on Facebook at my Author page, Susan .Meissner, and on Twitter at SusanMeissner. I blog at susanmeissner.com. I also send out a newsletter via email four times a year. You can sign up for it on my website. I love connecting with readers! You are the reason I write.
9. This is your first general market novel after having written more than a dozen books for the inspirational market. Why the switch?
I got my start in the inspirational market and am immensely grateful for that experience. Every published novelist wants to connect with her ideal reader. We don’t all like the same genres and we don’t all like the same style and voice. I believe a great many of my ideal readers shop in the general marketplace because that’s where I shop. My favorite authors — among them Kate Morton, Geraldine Brooks, Lisa See, Jamie Ford, and Diane Setterfield — are all general marketplace authors. Add to this that my faith threads are always subtle rather than obvious, then the move to the general market place seems like a great way for me to connect with more readers. My approach to faith in my writing is one that I liken to the subtlety of God’s presence and influence in the Book of Esther in the Old Testament. The faith thread in the Book of Esther is as subtle as it can be – God is never even mentioned – and yet the story is powerfully told and the virtues of loyalty, trust, hope, and courage are obvious. I have never thought of myself as writer of Christian fiction but rather a Christian who writes fiction.
10. What will readers already familiar with your style find different about A Fall of Marigolds?
I would say any difference between my last book and this one is minimal. The takeaway of A Fall of Marigolds is heavily influenced by the idea of sacrificial love – as great a theme as any – as well as the decision we all must make as to whether we believe all of life is random or that there is purpose and design and therefore a Designer. I have never thought of my books as inspirational in nature, even when I was first starting out. I have not sought to point people to my theological positions or anyone else’s. I merely and only want to tell stories that compel my readers to ponder anew what they love, fear, or long for; what they are willing to die for, live for, hope for. I don’t put messages in my books. At least I never want any book of mine to sound like it is message-driven. But I do want my books to make you want to sit down and talk bout the story with someone.
Cementville by Paulette Livers (Book Review)
“The Distant Hours” by Kate Morton
Social Commentaries Abound in Franzen’s ‘Purity’
“The Patron Saint of Liars” by Anne Patchett
All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr
“Demon Fish: Travels Through the Hidden World of Sharks” by Juliet Eilperin
On the consequences of fear-driven hate: Black Earth Two Years Later
‘Winter of the World’ Hits Close to Home
Are You Guilty of ‘America’s Original Sin’?
Filed Under: Book Reviews, Fiction Tagged With: Historical Fiction
Pretty Baby by Mary Kubica (Book Review)
Alter Recommends We Step Away from the Screen in ‘Irresistible’
Book Review: “Shadow Year” Showcases Secrets and Sorrow
‘The Thank You Economy’ and Why Manners Matter
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From The Box Office To Billboard: Black Panther Takes Over
Black Panther has been smashing the box office since its release on Feb. 16th, with over $1.1 billion in box office sales worldwide at the time of this writing. This film captures so many different concepts that it was only fitting to have the soundtrack produced by hip-hop heavyweight group, TDE. The Black Panther Soundtrack taps into the talent of some of the best in the game today including Kendrick Lamar, Future, SZA and Travis Scott. Despite the creativity of the film, the soundtrack paints a picture in and of itself. From the heaving-hitting bass on “King's Dead” to the melodic notes from SZA on "All the Stars," this soundtrack captures the mood of every moment in the movie. Check out some tracks from the movie soundtrack below!
tags: Michael B. Jordan, The Black Panther, The Black Panther Film, Wakanda, Chadwick Boseman, Lupita Nyong'o
categories: New Music
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Brad Pitt Bids $120K to Watch ‘Game of Thrones’ With Emilia Clarke
Michael Kovac/Getty Images for for J/P HRO Gala
Actor and producer Brad Pitt bid $120,000 to watch an episode of Game of Thrones with Emilia Clarke, who plays Daenerys Targaryen on the fantasy drama.
TMZ said the bidding at the charity auction started at $20,000 and went back and forth between Pitt and a non-celebrity bidder, who has not been identified in media reports.
Pitt bowed out of the competition when the other bidder offered $160,000 for the experience.
"During the first auction, Brad was on his phone. When the auction announced Emilia Clarke, they called her out in the crowd and Brad literally turned his whole neck to find and look at her and enthusiastically clap," a witness told Us Weekly.
"He offered $80,000 in the auction to watch Game of Thrones with Emilia," the source continued. "Emilia was covering her mouth and giggling. Leo [DiCaprio] enthusiastically watched the whole auction, turning his head back and forth between Brad and Emilia. [Pitt] later offered $120,000 and raised his arms in excitement, but was out at $150,000. He laughed hysterically when he gave up and they called him out for it. ... He clapped and cheered when someone else took it for $160,000."
Sean Penn's gala dinner and auction to benefit the J/P Haitian Relief Organization took place at Milk Studios in Los Angeles Saturday.
Source: Brad Pitt Bids $120K to Watch ‘Game of Thrones’ With Emilia Clarke
Filed Under: Brad Pitt, game of thrones
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Posted on July 1, 2015 by Stephanie Pearl-McPhee
Happy Canada Day, and welcome to the somewhat traditional Canada Day Post! It’s almost traditional for me to write a post about the amazing country I live in on this day, and I say almost, because since I began blogging, I’ve only missed two years. There are Canada Day posts from 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013 for your reading pleasure, if you are really, really that interested in Canada. Today is also traditionally the day that I get the weirdest comments. Some of you just take leave of your senses when someone talks about their country, so it’s also become traditional for me to post a little reminder up here, at the top, where I point out a few things.
1. Yes! I’m Canadian! I live in Canada and everything. You didn’t know that? I’m sorry. I try to mention it from time to time so that it doesn’t sneak up on you on this day, but if you’re disappointed or inexplicably angry about my nationality, I think you should just breath through your nose for a minute. It’s not personal.
2. If I say “My country is fantastic” that is not the same as “your country is crappy”. When I say “Canada has the best reputation in the world“, “Canadians are the most educated people in the world” or “Our healthcare has been amazing for us” I am saying just that – not anything about your country.
3. While we’re mentioning healthcare, I think it is very bad manners for someone who does not live here, and does not use our healthcare to explain to us how it is very bad. I know you saw on the news or read an article or met a Canadian once, or just know in your heart that it is terrible, but the fact is that 86% of us think it is great, 91% of us think it is preferable to private systems, and less than one percent of us ever seek care in the US – and that includes having to use it in emergencies while travelling. Even our doctors like it. Only .5% of them leave to practice medicine in the US and that number has been declining for years. It is comparatively inexpensive, and we live a long time, and have very good infant mortality rates. We are healthy and happy, for the very most part, and so please don’t drop by to tell us that you know more about it than we do.
4. The reason I am not “fair” and don’t do a July 4th post is…. well heck. See #1 above. If you’re American, you should totally write one about the charms of your country on that day.
Ready? Sure you are. Over the years I’ve done Canada, A-Z, trivia, facts, quotes- this year? Jokes.
How many Canadians does it take to change a light bulb?
None. Canadians don’t change light bulbs. We accept them the way they are. *
How do you get 50 drunk Canadians out of a swimming pool?
You say “Please get out of the swimming pool.” **
What is Stephen Harper’s favourite food?
Prorogies.***
How do you stop bacon from curling in the frying pan?
Take away their brooms. ****
It’s game 7 of the Stanley cup final, and and a man visiting Canada on holiday makes his way to his seat right at centre ice. He sits down, noticing that the seat next to him is empty. He leans over and asks his neighbour if someone will be sitting there. “No,” says the neighbour. “The seat is empty.” “This is incredible”, said the man. “Who in their right mind would have a seat like this for final game of the Stanley Cup playoffs and not use it?” The neighbour says “Well, actually, the seat belongs to me. I was supposed to come with my wife, but she passed away. This is the first Stanley Cup we haven’t been to together since we got married in 1967.” “Oh … I’m sorry to hear that. That’s terrible. But couldn’t you find someone else, a friend or relative, or even a neighbour to take the seat?” The man shakes his head sadly. “No, they’re all at the funeral.”*****
What do you call a Canadian firefighter?
A hoser.******
* This is actually pretty true. We were the first country in the world to express multiculturalism as a an official policy. (1971.) We have more immigrants from more places per capita than any other country, We legalized same sex marriage ten years ago, and we are the most tolerant people in the world, apparently.
** it’s true. As a nation, we are very polite. If it makes you feel better though statistically speaking, we also swear like truckers.
*** This is an inside joke. Here in Canada the Prime Minister (that’s who Stephen Harper is) can be fired by the people of Canada anytime his party loses the confidence of the house. (It’s called a vote of no-confidence. If one is called, and the governing party loses, then they’re not in charge anymore and we have an election.) Stephen Harper is famous for proroguing parliament to avoid this vote taking place – and for a few other things. He’s into it. (Calling for a prorogue is closing Parliament without ending the session. Like a pause.)
****Curling is a wildly popular sport in Canada. A full half of us have watched curling on TV in the last year – Top Curlers can be like rock stars here, we have highways named for them, and we think movies about them are awesome. (We admit the TV series was not very good.) We all know what “hurry hard” means, where you’re going if you’re headed for a bonspiel or a briar, and secretly, we’d like to be a skip.
*****I just put this one in so that Hockey wouldn’t feel bad because I said something about curling. Did you know though, that Hockey isn’t our only national sport? The other one is lacrosse. Together, they are pretty much our only outlets for aggression and violence.
******That’s another inside joke. “Hoser” is a Canadian word for a guy who’s kind of dim or uncultured. There’s lots of Canadian words. Chesterfield, eavestrough, keener, touque, runners, homo milk, icing sugar, mickey, pablum, freezies, housecoat, loonie, toonie, chinook, toboggan… I’m sure a Canadian can translate all those for you in the comments, and add a few more.
333 thoughts on “Oh, Canada”
Abigail on July 1, 2015 at 2:51 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! Thank you for sharing so much with us about your country. I always learn something from you every year 😀
Liz on July 1, 2015 at 2:51 pm said:
Evestrough! Thanks for the new word, and happiest of Canada days!
rams on July 1, 2015 at 3:36 pm said:
‘Cept that it’s “eAvestrough” , like, attached to the eaves. Keeps us from being dripped on when eavesdropping.
Vicki T. on July 1, 2015 at 4:47 pm said:
I think in some areas of the U.S. at some time in the past, we began calling them “gutters”. Eavestrough sounds more polite. 🙂
Happy Canada Day!!
Christine on July 1, 2015 at 9:54 pm said:
For most Canadians, the “gutters” would be the sides of the street where the rain gathers to run into the drain…
MelD on July 2, 2015 at 6:49 am said:
Brits differentiate between gutters and guttering (eavestroughs)… 😉
Gina B on July 2, 2015 at 12:02 pm said:
Nancy Reid on July 2, 2015 at 6:31 pm said:
I thought that guttering was what candles did in a breeze!
Bmcg on July 1, 2015 at 2:52 pm said:
Love these. I am reading this in Wisconsin and it makes me homesick (ok I’m coming home tomorrow……). Happy Canada Day everyone.
Austin Val on July 1, 2015 at 2:53 pm said:
Someone once said, “No one ever went broke underestimating the intelligence of the American people.” (Rams will say I am misquoting.)
The Canada Day blog post comments are proof of that. I am grabbing my popcorn and beer. Let the commenting begin!
skeindalous on July 1, 2015 at 3:30 pm said:
In a post about how polite and friendly Canadians are….no need to bash the US.
I’m bashing my own people.
Sue on July 2, 2015 at 10:49 am said:
Polite and friendly unless you’re driving on the QEW and then all bets are off!!!
You’re misquoting (see? You were right!) H.L. Mencken said “Nobody ever went broke underestimating the taste of the American people.” I wish he were wrong more often.
Judith on July 1, 2015 at 3:51 pm said:
me, too. PT Barnum (I think) said “there’s a sucker born every minute”; he was from the US; “sucker” implies a certain dimwittedness; ergo, the quotation suggests some lack of intelligence in the USofA. Yes, I’m a citizen of the US; no, I don’t want to leave it–but I sure don’t think it’s always right.
Always love these Canada Day posts. Thank you.
Renee on July 1, 2015 at 8:15 pm said:
Good time to remember Canada, the US, and Mexico are all part of North America. We include more people when we add in Central and South America. Many times we citizens of the United States are too country-centric.
Love the bacon joke!
Just me on July 2, 2015 at 9:21 am said:
Me too and live on the same side of the border as H.L. Mencken did.
Claudia on July 1, 2015 at 2:54 pm said:
Happy Canada Day from Boston! As a Boston Bruins hockey fan, I totally love the Stanley Cup playoff joke .. ya don’t have to be Canadian to be loving on hockey, that’s for sure.
And godspeed with the blankie!
Mo on July 1, 2015 at 8:59 pm said:
Another one from the Boston area here – Happy Canada Day and thanks for Bobby Orr! Yes, and Nathan Fillion. But, of course, for Steph herself.
Krista on July 4, 2015 at 11:41 pm said:
As an avid San Jose Sharks fan, I loved the Stanley Cup joke too. Most years, I post on Facebook “Public Service Announcement: Life will be postponed due to playoff hockey until further notice.” My friend’s know that I won’t commit to anything if the Sharks are still in the playoffs.
Between watching and playing hockey as well as my fiber crafts, I have met so many Canadians and am completely jealous of your healthcare system and wish we could have implemented something similar here.
“evestrough” or “eavestrough”? Spelled the first way, it seems kinda nasty. Or at least mighty personal.
Cindy B on July 1, 2015 at 2:59 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to you too.
How Canada got its name
Two guys were sitting around trying to think up a name for their fine new country. One guy said, “We should do like the USA and just use 3 letters in our name. We’ll put all the letters in a hat and pull out one at a time and that will be our name.” The other guy said, “Good idea, eh?”
So thats what they did – they put all of the letters of the alphabet in a hat and pulled out one at a time. The first guy pulled out the letter “c”. He said, “There you go – a C, eh?” The second guy reached in the hat and pulled out the letter “n”. He said, “Oh, I got it – an N, eh?” The first guy reaches in for the last letter and pulled out a “d” and said, “We did it, its a D, eh?”.
And thats how Canada was named – C-eh-N-eh-D-eh.
Teresa on July 1, 2015 at 3:53 pm said:
Sam M. on July 1, 2015 at 4:39 pm said:
Love this! Hadn’t heard these Canadians jokes but I once backpacked through Ireland with some Kiwis who told some awesome Australian jokes.
Maggie on July 1, 2015 at 8:57 pm said:
Oh that is just too funny. My daughter and I have had some good laughs over these jokes. Makes me wish Canada Day came twice a year. Happy day to all.
susanintoronto on July 2, 2015 at 9:31 am said:
Ha! I’ve never heard it before. Excellent.
sweetpeajenny on July 6, 2015 at 11:45 am said:
Janey on July 15, 2015 at 9:17 pm said:
Love it! Even though DH says that it is mainly the Upper Canadians who say “eh”.
Janey, from the East coast
Mary on July 17, 2015 at 6:00 pm said:
I love in Detroit and spent a lot of time in Windsor and the surrounding area. I didn’t hear it much around here, but the year I took a boat trip to Montreal I heard it more and more as went travelled north in Ontario.
Paula on July 1, 2015 at 2:59 pm said:
Stuck working on this Canada Day (hospitals never close) and I just laughed out loud at your hockey joke. Shared with all my colleagues – Thank You for making us all laugh on this wet, miserable day !
Carol S on July 1, 2015 at 9:36 pm said:
Reminds of the golf joke about the guy who would never miss a game. One day he was out playing with his buddies. A funeral procession passed by the course. He tipped his hat and stood still for a moment. One of his friends said “Never saw you do that before, do you always do that.” Response: No. That was the wife going by.”
Mandi on July 1, 2015 at 3:00 pm said:
Every year I read these, it makes me want to pack my bags and move due north to the OPPOSITE side of Lake Erie from where I live now! 🙂 Happy Canada Day!
Terri Mc on July 1, 2015 at 3:05 pm said:
And you have a most beautiful national anthem!
Pat Lewis on July 1, 2015 at 9:41 pm said:
Yep and we steal from the best!
http://www.musicaltoronto.org/2014/06/25/the-origins-of-the-canadian-national-anthem-revealed-in-mozart/
Karen F on July 8, 2015 at 11:23 am said:
Here in the U.S. we steal a drinking song from an English Gentleman’s Club. See http://www.colonialmusic.org
Kat Tronolone on July 1, 2015 at 3:07 pm said:
Yes!! I look forward to your Canada Day post every year – it’s my absolute favorite.
Barbara G on July 1, 2015 at 3:07 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! My dad had a rotating tv antenna so that we could watch Hockey Night in Canada from the Toronto stations at our home in Niagara Falls (New York). Still sing along with both anthems at hockey games. Family picnics also had great quantities of Canadian beer, all brands in the same short, squatty brown returnable bottles.
Risa on July 1, 2015 at 3:36 pm said:
I miss those stubby beer bottles!
Peggy on July 1, 2015 at 10:06 pm said:
Oh, those beer bottles with the short necks? Many many years ago the CBC had a show called “Eclectic Circus” . My favorite radio show! One night sometime in the 80s the show had a running gag in which the attorney general had decided that instead of elections there would be a lottery. The person with the winning number would be prime minister. Throughout the show, man-on-the-street interviews were held and each person was asked what he would like to do as prime minister. The answer was always year-round hockey season and a return to “those beer bottles with the short necks. I really liked those”.
stealthystitcher on July 1, 2015 at 3:10 pm said:
I’m of Canadian descent, if québécois count. Love Canada, but…
I would go with you on health care if Nova Scotia didn’t decide several years ago not to cover the cost of an expensive chemo drug. It will only kill ten people a year.
upnites tx on July 1, 2015 at 5:46 pm said:
In the USA, insurance cos. routinely choose not to pay or pay so littlee we can’t afford the diff. Or people can’t afford the insurance (yes even now) at all. Don’t have statistics at hand as to how many die but the stress alone and fear can kill you. And why the heck IS medicine so much more expensive here? (From TX love it,wouldn’t leave it for disclosure) Go Canada Day! {Also work in oncology health care}
Pam on July 1, 2015 at 6:12 pm said:
And medical bills are the leading cause of bankruptcy.
Cheryl Brake on July 1, 2015 at 3:11 pm said:
***** Hockey, Lacrosse and… dodge ball 😉 ?
Risa L on July 1, 2015 at 3:11 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! Wish I’d moved there when I had the chance. I wish you lots of beer and poutine (neither of which I like).
pattye brewer on July 1, 2015 at 3:15 pm said:
I grew up in Rochester and Toronto was our “big city.” I have so many happy memories of it! I’d move in a heartbeat but I am so loving living in the little slice of climate heaven we call San Diego. Though I still knit for my friends and relatives back east and I have come to love the wonder of Linen!
Cathey on July 1, 2015 at 6:38 pm said:
I live in San Diego, too (Alpine), but yesterday’s weather was, um, unusual, dontcha think? Love Stephanie, love Canada, love knitting and all things fibery.
Julie Lanner on July 1, 2015 at 6:54 pm said:
I’m in San Diego (born here) and I think that whatever tourist brought this humid weather along needs to go home and take it back with. We’re used to heat, but dry heat. Too humid to do anything, I’ll have to stay home and knit.
Julie in San Diego
Rachel on July 1, 2015 at 10:17 pm said:
Ha! I just moved from San Diego to southern Louisiana. Welcome to my every day 🙂
Patty on July 1, 2015 at 3:17 pm said:
Enjoy your day! 🙂
mary on July 1, 2015 at 3:17 pm said:
happy Canada day. personally I wish we had a health care system like yours. then I wouldn’t have to worry so much about my son not being able to afford insurance. I love the USA but hate our health care system.
PamH on July 2, 2015 at 9:14 am said:
I’m with you! I’ve been all for health care similar to Canada’s for years. I’m also from Rochester and love the good old USA but having been exposed to Canada all my life certainly appreciate how wonderful it is. Happy Canada Day!
Allison on July 1, 2015 at 3:22 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! So sorry that you get some rude people on here that wish to “school” you.
I for one, am quite envious of Canadians and their lovely country. I’m pretty sure I was born a Canadian and secretly transported to Texas and adopted. 😉
jen on July 1, 2015 at 4:00 pm said:
I feel the same here in Arkansas 🙂
Patti in KY on July 1, 2015 at 4:17 pm said:
me too! have visited a lot, and always feel at home there. i think we were separated at birth!
Katie M. on July 2, 2015 at 11:38 am said:
Oh good! I’m not the only one. Born and raised in Indiana, but have always had a major country crush on Canada. Someday I’ll follow through with my threats to move there, and I’ll be able to watch curling more often than every 4 years in the Olympics.
Judy in MT on July 1, 2015 at 3:22 pm said:
When I saw you were doing jokes I was really hoping you’d do the one about the American beer and the canoe that you told at Strung Along in June . . . I wrote it down and when I read it to my husband he laughed long and hard!
Given that I’ve read some of the negative comments over the years I understand why you might’ve chosen to omit it though. 🙂
Enjoy. Have a beer or 3. Hope the blankie is nearly done!
Now I need to hear this joke.
Jenny on July 1, 2015 at 4:53 pm said:
How is American beer like making love in a canoe?
They’re both f-AHEM-ing close to water.
Pat D on July 1, 2015 at 5:21 pm said:
Americans tell that one about specific brands. I heard it about Coors.
Liz M on July 1, 2015 at 5:50 pm said:
I heard it about Fosters.
(And I did have to snigger, in responding to this comment, the verification tool told me to touch the man)
Jacquie on July 1, 2015 at 8:19 pm said:
Heleninboise on July 2, 2015 at 2:18 am said:
I think it was light beer
Judith on July 2, 2015 at 8:06 am said:
my daughter brought that one home from college (learned something, at least)–as “mega-brewery beer”. Love it.
Ellen on July 1, 2015 at 3:23 pm said:
Love to hear about Canada. We here in the U.S. should be much more aware of our neighbors to the North. Always love visiting Canada, and you have every reason to be proud of your country.
Kate on July 1, 2015 at 8:17 pm said:
Couldn’t have said it better myself. Thank you for the delightful post, Stephanie, and a very happy Canada Day to you!
Elizabeth McCarten on July 1, 2015 at 3:23 pm said:
Happy Canada Day from Kingston, where to celebrate I visited Purlin’ J’s Roving Yarn Truck at Arts Fest in City Park (a block from my front door). Did I buy some yarn? Of course. Single skeins for small projects don’t count on a yarn diet, right? You’ve probably visited “What’s Different in Canada”, the blog, but your readers might enjoy it for a laugh!
Joanne on July 1, 2015 at 7:53 pm said:
Where was the yarn truck when I lived in Kingston (hometown)?!!! Okay, that was a million years ago!
Adele on July 1, 2015 at 3:24 pm said:
Loved the curling story, will definitely pass it on to friends who will enjoy it, too. I grew up 70 miles from Thunder Bay, back when it was Ft. William and Port Arthur, and radio reception was better from CKPR than Duluth stations. In the late ’60’s we went across so often that the authorities knew us by name and recognized our station wagon. So, I’ll just comment that most of us (at least the ones over 35) who live here in border country: Northern Minnesota, are very familiar with most of the words in your list, and have been known to use them often. I suspect that they have crept across our mutual border, probably some from each side. Several of the others I’ve learned from either my sister-in-law or best friend, both of whom are transplants who have taken roots here. Oh, for the record, neither of them say “eh”. And we in MN don’t all say uff-da! Please note that giggles are accompanying this comment.
P.S. Your baby blankets are so beautiful, Almost holding my breath to see if it gets finished in time.
Jean on July 2, 2015 at 12:45 pm said:
Happy Canada Day from another northern Minnesotan! I, too, use many of those words. Summer vacations were always spent going North to your beautiful country. My husband and I just did the Circle Tour of Lake Superior for our 30th. My mom still watches Canadian tv-mostly for the hockey.
ArtIsCentral on July 3, 2015 at 12:26 am said:
Oh, my Grandma was from Greenbush. I can still hear her saying ‘Uffda Mayda.’
marit on July 1, 2015 at 3:25 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! My firstborn was born 23 years ago today, so to me it’s a great day 🙂
Being Norwegian, I have also watched quite a lot of curling over the years…the Norwegian team has done pretty well in the Olympics and world championships, but no one in Norway plays it-LOL!
Ina on July 2, 2015 at 5:34 am said:
It’s the exact same in Sweden. LOL
We do quite well in the Olympics and yet I’ve never met anyone who curls (plays curling?) and I’m all for winter sports myself (former bandy player (another sport where we do well in the World Championships but few people plays it) so I figure statistically I should have met at least one.
Anyways, great sport to watch and great post to read!
ditto in Switzerland?!!! lol
physicsmom on July 2, 2015 at 8:42 pm said:
What is bandy, please?
Andrea @ This Knitted Life on July 1, 2015 at 3:25 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to you too, Stephanie! Enjoy enjoy enjoy!
Just wanted to chime in – always love your Canada Day posts, and I do not always understand my fellow Americans and their misplaced patriotisms. (OF COURSE she loves her country best you dimwits. OF COURSE she’s proud. The fact that she has reasons to be just makes it nicer.) Thanks, Harlot!
Meredith on July 1, 2015 at 3:28 pm said:
I love this post…but as a resident of the Pacific Northwest, I don’t think Canadians get to claim “Chinook” as all their own 🙂 (yes, I know it refers to winds, specifically downslope winds where the Rockies meet the plains..but the word is from the Lower Columbia….)
That should read, the word, and the Tribe are from the Lower Columbia…(thus also the capitalization)
Ruth on July 2, 2015 at 9:44 am said:
My daughter & her husband are both lawyers (in the US). Their late and much beloved Golden Retriever was named Chinook. They both thought it was appropriate that a dog owned by two lawyers should be named after a hot air current.
Eimearee on July 1, 2015 at 3:28 pm said:
Okay… I must know what the Canadian ‘Mickey’ is because we have our own ‘mickey’ here in Ireland…
Julie on July 1, 2015 at 4:00 pm said:
A small (375 ml) of alcohol. We probably got the term from the Irish!
…bottle. Oops.
Chris on July 1, 2015 at 4:03 pm said:
A mickey is a small bottle of liquor (375 ml or 13 ounces). My husband would tell you it was a good size to sneak into movie theatres when he was a teen (50 years ago).
JL on July 1, 2015 at 3:29 pm said:
Being a total fan of all things Canadian–including our local morning news reporter, Pat Kiernan–I’m proud to say that I got all the jokes without explanation, except the prorogies. Not bad for a black girl from the Bronx, eh?
The curling joke made me giggle for quite a while.
Shelley on July 1, 2015 at 3:31 pm said:
I really love it that you love your country. I wish that all of us in the US were as patriotic.
Happy Canada Day! As an American who wishes for national health care and more tolerance, I apologize for my fellow Americans. But I have been doing that a lot lately 🙁
Knit on and enjoy.
Don’t apologize! We are all responsible for our own poor behavior and you have no business assuming you have no flaws and must monitor the behavior of others.
Jackie on July 1, 2015 at 6:15 pm said:
Oh, Pam, I agree with you. Sure I’m patriotic, but I get really upset with much of what happens in the U.S. It’s important to be honest about one’s country.
I’ve been in Canada a bit and loved every minute of it and all the people I met were wonderful.
We in the U.S. could learn much from our northern neighbor, but you can keep Harper. We have too many similar, and worse, politicians here.
Keep up the yearly posts!
Sherry B. on July 1, 2015 at 3:37 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I thoroughly enjoy your Canada posts whenever they are as I think it’s interesting and fascinating to learn about how things work in different places. What I would VERY much love though is if you could provide a link to where you get your statistics about the healthcare system that you quoted in #3. In the past I have commented to my family about how I think we (the U.S.) should switch to the Canadian version of healthcare and have been told what an idiot I am and how I don’t have any idea what I’m talking about, etc. I feel that having some statistics of how Canadians actually feel about the system would give my opinion some validation.
Anna on July 1, 2015 at 10:10 pm said:
You can try Statistics Canada in google and it should refer you to the website. Very thorough public stats.
Irina on July 2, 2015 at 4:53 pm said:
I believe the stats are from here: http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2009/08/never-mind-the-anecdotes-do-canadians-like-their-health-care-system.html (there’s a CTV report and a Harris-Decima poll mentioned and linked). It’s also rather old, from 2008-2009 or so.
Jennai on July 1, 2015 at 3:39 pm said:
Happy Canada Day Steph! Your curling joke was hilarious (although I have to admit I totally didn’t get it until I read your explanation), and thank you so much for posting the link to the 2008 post re: the Canadian parliamentary system. Absolutely fascinating!
Carole Finger on July 1, 2015 at 3:48 pm said:
Was on Ravelry this morning and they spoke about Canada Day. My first thought was HAPPY CANADA DAY to all Canadians, especially Steph McPhee. AS
you have written your annual Canada Day post I now
may send you a good greeting. Have a super day.
Linda on July 1, 2015 at 3:49 pm said:
OMG tears are rolling down my face. Those jokes are all great, but the one that really made me lose it was the Stephen Harper one…… that is the best joke ever! I’m sitting in Atlanta, wearing my Canada tshirt, missing home like crazy as I do every Canada Day (and every day really). Love your blog, but especially today, and I think I may treat myself to a reread of every last one of your July 1st posts…..
Lacy on July 1, 2015 at 3:54 pm said:
I wish we had the “vote of no-confidence” here in the states. If we did Obama would have been out on his ear long ago.
Happy Canada Day! Now lets celebrate with a BOWL OF POUTINE!!!!
Some of us disagree. Can’t say about poutine-never had it but it looks good.
Upnites, I agree with you, only its that ” most of us disagree”. That’s why he won by a landslide 😉
Emily on July 1, 2015 at 6:46 pm said:
Except he was re-elected so, no, a vote of no confidence wouldn’t get rid of President Obama.
and a lot of us are very happy with what he said last week.
Jill L on July 3, 2015 at 12:32 pm said:
Yes, many of us very happy with what has happ Ned in the last 2 weeks!
Honestly, every year your posts make Canada more appealing to me. Crazy US people that get upset about your pride in your country are just that, CRAZY. I really don’t understand why so many staties feel the need to force the world to blow our holes. And universal healthcare would be soooo coool!!!! Come on BERNIE SANDERS!!!! #feelthebern
Yaaaay Bernie. btw did you see the Bernie Bear.
Jen on July 1, 2015 at 11:40 pm said:
Awwww! That’s so cute!
lunargent on July 4, 2015 at 11:01 pm said:
Jen – please tell me that you meant “blow our horns”.
I don’t want a bunch of stangers anywhere near my holes, thankyouverymuch!
Suzanne on July 1, 2015 at 3:58 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! You have a lovely country, that we love to visit often.
Jamie on July 1, 2015 at 4:00 pm said:
I always enjoy your July 1 post. Happy Canada Day to you and all your fellow Canadians!
The jokes were all good, including the one from one of your readers about the naming of Canada.
Amy N. on July 1, 2015 at 4:00 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to you too…and to all Canadians! Thinking fondly today of the years I lived in Alberta (1966-1979).
And I had no idea that pablum was a Canadian word. I thought it was a baby cereal. Must be a Canadian baby cereal and something else I picked up in my impressionable youth in AB.
Amy in the US (who goes by amyfibre all over the ‘net)
Emily on July 1, 2015 at 10:35 pm said:
It’s a baby cereal.
Which was invented by Canadian doctors – who then made sure the royalties went to the Hospital for Sick Children (in Toronto, Ontario) rather than getting rich themselves.
Tastes gross. But babies love it.
Eyemight on July 2, 2015 at 4:28 pm said:
My mum was a paediactrician and we had free samples of pablum for breakfast for years. With bananas and milk it wasn’t bad.
nb on July 11, 2015 at 9:14 pm said:
We ate pablum and I loved it, used to steal it from my baby sister. Don’t worry, she grew up just fine.
Strix Luna on July 1, 2015 at 4:03 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I grew up less than 30 miles south of the border with Quebec so I grew up knowing both what touques and poutine (yum!) are 🙂
I liked the joke about getting us out of a swimming pool. When we leave the pool (in an orderly fashion) we probably say, “sorry, eh?”
Barbara Lapinskas on July 1, 2015 at 4:06 pm said:
Happy happy Canada Day! Always enjoy my visits there!
Laurie on July 1, 2015 at 4:11 pm said:
I like your Canada posts. It makes me think we are lucky to have such awesome neighbors.
I knew a Canadian once who insisted that hoodies were called bunny hugs in Canada. I never knew if I could completely trust him on that.
Meg on July 1, 2015 at 4:30 pm said:
They are, but only in Saskatchewan. I grew up there but still call hoodies bunnyhugs despite having lived in a different province for 18 years! The rest of Canada mocks us (gently) for it. The University of Saskatchewan sells hoodies with a dictionary definition of Bunnyhug printed on them. I wear mine proudly!
Tine on July 1, 2015 at 4:54 pm said:
I live in Ontario, and I had never heard the term ” bunny hugs” until I did a crossword puzzle last week, which used it as a clue. And here’s reinforcement.
samm on July 1, 2015 at 5:57 pm said:
When we were kids many moons ago, we called them kangaroo jackets. 🙂 We always had ours with us when we camped. I love the term bunny hugs!
Definitely they were kangaroo jackets when I was a kid.
Sara on July 2, 2015 at 12:18 pm said:
I think that had more to do with the pouch-like pocket, especially on the pullover, than the hood!
Christine on July 1, 2015 at 10:12 pm said:
Yup–grew up in Saskatchewan…can confirm both the widespread unquestioning use of the term Bunnyhug for a hooded sweatshirt with no zip up the front, AND the mocking one gets for continuing to use the term once outside Saskatachewan… =) I could TOTALLY use one of those UofS ones!! (Plus some more excellent Rider gear, just to annoy my Bomber in-laws, but that’s another story…)
Kathleen Ruelling on July 2, 2015 at 10:27 am said:
Grew up with kangaroo jackets (I’m in Alberta), and now call them hoodies- and have to stop and think what a bunny-hug is when my relatives in SK talk about them! They also call chocolate milk Vi-Co in SK – I think it was/is a name brand of milk, but has come to mean chocolate milk.
You should totally get one – My Mom still lives in Sk and bought me my UofS Bunnyhug for my birthday one year. I treasure it! And I call it my “Bunnyhug Bunnyhug” to differentiate it from my other bunnyhugs that DON’T have the word bunnyhug printed across the front. 🙂
Sox on July 2, 2015 at 8:58 pm said:
What you called Bunnyhugs we called Kangaroo jackets. Where I live now they’re called hoodies. I think ‘hoodies’ is so boring.
Kim W on July 1, 2015 at 4:17 pm said:
I remember Pablum (insert shudder).
My mom played curling when she lived in Ottawa. If it were not for Canada’s Health Care System, I would not be alive to write this comment, so no complaints here!
Enjoy the day!
Joyce on July 1, 2015 at 4:30 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I’m in the US but have Canadian blood. My grandparents were Canadian and my niece and nephew live in BC. It’s a great country and it is wonderful that you all are so accepting of all people. I wish we had your health care system here.
Sarah Wethered on July 1, 2015 at 4:33 pm said:
I was just saying to my husband that I wonder when you will put up your Canada Day post. I’m filling my Facebook feed with Canada jokes. I recognize some of yours in your post. My favourite is what did the Albertan say after seeing the Eiffel Tower for the first time? How many barrels of oil does that thing produce.
Happy Canada Day. This Canadian girl will be barbecuing later and having a few bottles of beer to celebrate. We can see three cities’ fireworks from our balcony and I can’t wait.
Gentle One on July 1, 2015 at 4:34 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to you and to all Canadians! I do so love your Canada Day posts, and hope you will continue them for many years to come.
Friday on July 1, 2015 at 4:38 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! Thank you for sharing more about your country.
And on behalf of my fellow Americans, I apologize for those so egocentric that they’d actually be offended that you like your own country, and talk about it, and don’t give someone else’s country equal airtime. I was surprised when you said that… but only for a moment. :/
Avimatic on July 1, 2015 at 4:47 pm said:
I’m sorry that we Americans can be so annoying. Thank you for explaining the jokes – very considerate! Happy Canada Day – I’m waving from Lake Ontario in Western NY.
Hazel on July 1, 2015 at 4:47 pm said:
we have icing sugar in the UK too – at least from googling it sounds like the same stuff
Is this “cheers and red wine” Hazel? I hadn’t seen your sign off in some time, and wondered if you were OK.
Jaime on July 1, 2015 at 4:47 pm said:
I gotta tell you, I’m American (from New Jersey)…and I love me some curling. I got hooked on it during the 2010 Winter Olympics and it’s kind of the best thing ever. I may also have tried to investigate where a 31-year-old school psychologist could learn curling on a somewhat casual basis. Still working on that one.
Deborah Taylor on July 1, 2015 at 6:47 pm said:
Well, the first thing to know about curling is you just can’t be casual about it! It’s all or nothing…..(from the mouth of a “curling widow” in the winter months)
CarolG on July 1, 2015 at 4:50 pm said:
Thank you for the Canada Day post and Happy Canada Day! Our son will be moving to Montreal in September to attend University and we are so excited for him. We are all learning to love your country. I am hoping to find a nice yarn shop or two!
Leslie Fehr on July 1, 2015 at 4:52 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to you! I’ve loved your Canada Day posts from years past and always learn something new about a country that I admire for many reasons. I hope it is a wonderful day for all !
Judy on July 1, 2015 at 4:55 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! The joke about Curling was hysterical. I’m a big fan of the Olympics (both summer and winter). Much to the dismay of my family I am perched in front of the TV for the entire 17 (of however many they are) days. When Curling comes on I am enthralled. Also, alone in front of the TV as my family members fail to see the point. Quite a charming sport.
Thank you for another heart-warming Canada Day post; I was looking forward to it. Since I am Canadian, I always find myself in them. They make me sit up a little straighter and smile just a little broader. I think we Canadians are catching on to how to show our national pride just a little.
Ruth Anne on July 1, 2015 at 4:59 pm said:
Well I am American and I look FORWARD to your annual Canada post. In fact when I saw on FB that it was Canada Day I thought, “Oh good, I can’t wait to see what the Yarn Harlot writes this year!” Thanks for the jokes, I sent them to my daughter whose boss for the summer is from Newfoundland. Have a great holiday!
Leslie on July 1, 2015 at 5:27 pm said:
Have your daughter ask her boss about Newfie jokes. I
Bee on July 3, 2015 at 2:26 pm said:
Many Newfoundlanders (myself included) consider “Newfie” to be a derogatory term. The disgustingly insulting jokes you refer to are even worse. You may want to look into the history and connotations of the word “Newfie” before making such a suggestion in the future.
Happy Canada Day to you and your loved ones!
Sarah V. on July 1, 2015 at 5:05 pm said:
I think Austin Val is right – I believe it should be eavestrough. I also have to say that I’ve never seen “touque” spelled that way before… toque, tuque, etc. but never like that! Interesting 🙂
Kath on July 1, 2015 at 5:09 pm said:
I love reading about your country, I love visiting your country —- and I do believe that each of your jokes made me giggle!
Awfulknitter on July 1, 2015 at 5:09 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I was wondering whether you’d do another one of these posts. Every time I think, I should really visit Canada, it sounds like an awesome place mostly full of nice people. I am also sort-of fascinated by the idea of poutine. I was really excited to come across it advertised at a food stall recently (I’m in the UK), and then really disappointed to find out that it was melted raclette cheese rather than squeaky cheese. (It was tasty, though. And fulfilled the criteria of being terribly unhealthy.)
As a US citizen who is the daughter of a proud Canadian mother, I was fortunate enough to receive the best of and spend ample time in both countries. As much as I love my country I long have felt that culturally I would have been better suited to be a Canadian. My sister and and I still swear we sleep best breathing in Canadian air. We fabulous memories of sunlit summers with our cousins. We would return with scads of Red Rose tea, butter tarts (our grandmother’s were the best,) Timbits, Diana sauce, Bick’s hamburger relish and the ever-exotic flavored chips that we could not get in Ohio at the time. The majority of people we encounter here have grave misconceptions of life above the 49th. About 20 years ago, my sister and I headed north on short notice, in s snowstorm, to attend our uncle’s funeral. My sister told her girlfriend she was not going to pack much, if she needed anything she would go to the mall. Her friend turned to her in disbelief and asked, “They have MALLS there?” We, of course, couldn’t wait to share that with our cousins. Later that night the friend called my uncle’s house, identified herself and asked for my sister. Not missing a beat, my quick-witted cousin said, “Sure, let me shinny down the phone pole and get her.” [i knew all the terms but one; I’m off to look up “keener.”
Kari on July 1, 2015 at 5:16 pm said:
I rarely comment but had to stop in to wish you Happy Canada Day. And I absolutely loved joke #3. Let’s hope we see the last of him this October.
christine arnone on July 1, 2015 at 5:17 pm said:
Happy Canada Day from across the lake. You’ve done your people proud again. Rightly so.
kelliinkc on July 1, 2015 at 5:20 pm said:
I also love to read these Canada Day posts. I was shocked to learn that people got upset over you showing pride in your own nation and National holiday. Incredible!!!! Until I read your blog I didn’t know that our two nations celebrated their Independence Days so close together. I have been to Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland (although only the airport in the last one!). My favorite city was Ottawa. Love Canada. Happy Canada Day!!!
Ellen in Indy on July 1, 2015 at 5:23 pm said:
I just sang “O, Canada” in your honor (and to test whether I still remember the words from when we had a good minor-league hockey team with a Canadian kid named Gretzky playing and going to high school here.
I’m sorry that there are so many rude Americans these days. It makes me sad. I’m 71, and in the late ’80s or early ’90s I’d thought that my country was going to grow up and at least be more polite, like our neighbors to the north. Sadly, too many politicians and those who rent them or own them outright find it profitable to turn us against each other so we won’t notice what the oligarchs are doing to the rest of us.
I love my country, but I don’t let that blind me to its flaws.
Angela Pea on July 1, 2015 at 5:24 pm said:
LOL…my brother-in-law (a police officer) calls my future son-in-law (a fireman) a “Hose-Dragger. “Hoser” may be more appropriate at times…for both of them! 🙂
Ann on July 1, 2015 at 5:25 pm said:
Yeah for Canada! Happy Canada from a fellow Cannuck! Ps another Canadian “word”: 2-4, as in a 2-4 of beer!
I just had to repost the Hadfields’ Canada song on FB. And I am going to make my husband listen to it again. It’s just nigh on perfect and thanks for sharing it a year (or two?) ago. Happy Canada Day!
Ruth on July 1, 2015 at 5:32 pm said:
Good list, eh?
RebeccaNYC on July 1, 2015 at 5:32 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I love all the facts about Canada, and they are some of the reasons why I am having my duel-citizenship processed at this very moment! Great, eh?
Taylor on July 1, 2015 at 5:33 pm said:
Wait … pablum is a Canadian term? I always thought it was a brand name made common like kleenex.
It is that too, but it is (was?) made in Canada. Pablum is also used to mean anything that tastes like baby cereal, or metaphorically as something bland and easy to digest intellectually. I stopped using Pablum because it was always so lumpy, and my brother, who worked for the company, said they spent $10,000 trying to prevent the lumpiness, but they couldn’t.
Shirley on July 1, 2015 at 5:33 pm said:
The U.S. could learn a lot from its neighbor to the north, especially regarding health care. Happy Canada Day! What does Canada Day celebrate?
Oh, honey–Confederation, like your July 4th!
Dominion Day, really for those of us @50 and above.
Kristi on July 1, 2015 at 5:42 pm said:
Thank you for another great post honouring this amazing country of ours! Look forward to it every year. Now just a BBQ dinner and fireworks tonight and my Canada Day will be complete!
Carol on July 1, 2015 at 5:48 pm said:
As a Scot,the bacon joke made me burst out laughing having got it immediately.Have a guid yin.:-)
Paulag on July 1, 2015 at 5:55 pm said:
I bolted out of work today to catch your Canada Day post! Happy Canada Day fro Upstate NY! May you never run out of maple syrup and may your poutines be smothered in gravy!
Cindi on July 1, 2015 at 5:56 pm said:
Great post and a fun look at our country. Loved the hockey joke! Proud every day to be Canadian!
Happy CehNehDeh Day to you Stephanie! I’m a proud Canadian too, but didn’t realize that “housecoat” wasn’t universally used. 🙂
twotoast on July 1, 2015 at 6:15 pm said:
Happy Canada Day from sunny Alberta!
kellyg on July 1, 2015 at 6:18 pm said:
De-lurking to say — you write the best Canada Day posts.
NY Phoenix on July 1, 2015 at 6:24 pm said:
some of us who grew up in Maine also understand many of the Canadian terms 🙂
This also would have been my youngest’s birthday… had he not decided to be “fashionably” (ok, a week!) late!
Deborah Makarios on July 1, 2015 at 6:25 pm said:
I was nearly Canadian, but my grandparents had a relative here, which tipped the balance in deciding where to emigrate.
Hi from the Freest Country in the World – New Zealand. (We also have icing sugar.)
busyworke on July 1, 2015 at 6:28 pm said:
I grew up in Spokane, Washington with a hockey-loving family and spent many weekends at games in Nelson, BC, only 150 miles North. Learned to love white vinegar with my fries, Mackintosh’s toffee and the Great White North. Proud to say I could define most of the Canadian words. Loved the bacon joke, but the Stanley Cup joke had me laughing out loud at my desk.
Happy Canada Day to our dear neighbors to the North.
Ahhhh, Macintosh Toffee! Whenever we went to Vancouver from Seattle we came back with lots of boxes! I also remember getting rock candy!
erasmus on July 4, 2015 at 1:27 am said:
Macintosh toffee, the dentists’ delight! I lost more fillings to that stuff as a kid…
Elizabeth L on July 1, 2015 at 6:42 pm said:
Happy Canada Day!! Thrilled that you love your country enough to brag about it. Cheers!
PS – We loved our visit to Toronto last week. Great city, so much to do, so much variety!
P J Evans on July 1, 2015 at 6:54 pm said:
Ah, *that’s* why NEHGS was asking about Canada in their survey this week. (For the record, Canadians are all over my family tree.)
I’d be knitting, except it’s too hot where I am. 40C is not good knitting weather.
Gail on July 1, 2015 at 7:01 pm said:
I have wanted to be a Canadian for decades, since I studied there in the summer of 1971. Your country rocks. I’d love for my daughter to immigrate to Canada to teach elementary school!
Jo-Anne on July 1, 2015 at 7:11 pm said:
Happy Canada Day. Loved this, and all the other posts, as a proud Canadian. I especially loved the bacon curling joke.
Chelsea on July 1, 2015 at 7:15 pm said:
Don’t forget “Davenport”. My Canadian-raised grandmother always used that one to describe the couch/sofa. Happy Canada Day to you from an almost part-Canadian! (My grandmother was born in the states, but raised in Canada for most of her childhood.)
MNSusan on July 1, 2015 at 10:10 pm said:
My Michigan grandmother called her sofa a davenport, too. Then again, her father was from England, so that might be where she got it .
don’t forget Chesterfield
HeleninBoise on July 2, 2015 at 2:05 pm said:
and settee
Claire on July 1, 2015 at 7:31 pm said:
I also as a Scot laughed out loud at the curling joke. Love your Canada Day posts, it is always great to come across someone who is proud of their country and unashamedly happy to say it. Being Scottish makes me proud, but your Canada Day posts make me look forward to having the opportunity to visit Canada. x
I read everyday but don’t post very often, if at all.
I just want to say Happy Canada Day from another proud Canadian in the middle of our great country.
Kmoya on July 1, 2015 at 7:39 pm said:
(The jokes made me cry/laugh like a Cathy cartoon)
Ros on July 1, 2015 at 7:54 pm said:
Happy Canada Day – and thank you Canada for hosting the women’s world cup so splendidly. We’re watching the semi-final as I write (in the UK). Come on England.
I’m so sorry for your loss. Hard luck for the player and the own goal, don’t blame her the whole team played their hearts out.
Patricia on July 1, 2015 at 8:01 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! Thanks for sharing William Shatner and Paul Gross with us (seriously, Men With Brooms is just a wonderful movie). I had the pleasure of spending Canada Day in London several Years back – spent my day surrounded by Mounties, eating Tim Horton’s and watching curling on Trafalger Square. It was marvelous!
Ladona on July 1, 2015 at 8:02 pm said:
Happy Canada Day, to you and all on America’s northern border. A question for next year: what is the significance of July 1st? Is it like July 4th and Independence Day?
Yup–exactly!
Tine on July 1, 2015 at 10:27 pm said:
Yes, it’s the day we celebrate that Canada became its own country, independent from England, although we are still subjects of the Queen.
Stephanie on July 1, 2015 at 8:04 pm said:
As a fellow Canadian knitter from the GTA (Greater Toronto Area), I got all your jokes! LOL!
As a Canadian nurse, I am proud to be part of our health care system that is truly amazing.
Now, on to my own blanket on a deadline!
Happy Canada Day to all.
Chris M on July 1, 2015 at 8:04 pm said:
Our neighbourhood celebrates by toasting our neighbourhood and our country and singing Oh Canada. Then we party.
April on July 1, 2015 at 8:37 pm said:
As a 3rd generation Canadian who has been living in the United States for the last 19 years I can say that, without a doubt, that Canada is THE BEST COUNTRY EVER.
Patricia Walters on July 1, 2015 at 8:39 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I’m privileged to come up to your beautiful country at least 3 times a year for work. My husband and I adore Nova Scotia and have vacationed there several times in the last 10 years. I never understood why there weren’t more advertisements to vacation in Canada. August in Canada versus August in Texas is a no brainer.
Your are absolutely right. The people are fabulous.
Happy Canada day! My grandmother was Canadian and my aunt was born there. They moved to the states when my aunt was little. I wish we had a health system like Canada’s. Have a fantastic day. Keep on knitting!
Snafferfella on July 1, 2015 at 8:57 pm said:
I am a citizen of the U.S , but have enjoyed all your Canada Day posts. Very nice to see your national pride. Loved the jokes this year. And I know most of your Canadian words, perhaps because I read English novels, or because I had great great great grandparents that emigrated to the U.S. or because I lived most of my life in nearby Minnesota? Who knows.
Linda Watson on July 1, 2015 at 9:02 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I would like to thank Canada for producing my husband and my in-laws, kind and generous people all, although my MIL did occasionally have her moments. But, still, it’s been fun learning to speak Canadian and know that a “snap” on a jacket is actually a “dome,” or that “clothes pins” are “clothespegs” and a multitude of others that I have learned over the years. Also fun to have my husband’s grandmother show me off to her friends as her “American granddaughter.” 🙂
Leslita on July 1, 2015 at 9:03 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I think it’s great you are such a proud Canandian! I think Canada and Canadians are great. I think the US (my home) could learn a lot from Canada and I wish we’d adopt national health insurance like you have. Well, ObamaCare gets us a little closer . . .
Enjoy your day and revel in your country!
christine m east of toronto on July 1, 2015 at 9:08 pm said:
Thanks for the annual delight! Surprised that you have to start with the disclaimer…but maybe shouldn’t be. People can be odd..
Sally at Rivendale Farms on July 1, 2015 at 9:13 pm said:
I have loved every one of your Canada Day posts, but this one may need to live for awhile at the top of my list. And while I always admire your pride for your country and your stance on issues that are important, I have to admit that the “please get out of the pool” joke made me laugh so hard there may have been a small accident. Thank you, Steph, this was just perfection all the way around.
Happy Canada Day! One day, I want to visit. Mousie too–we’re pretty sure it will be awesome.
Lisa H. on July 1, 2015 at 9:29 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to you and all of our neighbors to the north! I really enjoy all of your Canada Day posts, especially this year’s inclusion of jokes.
P.S. Has the baby arrived?
Eden on July 1, 2015 at 9:38 pm said:
Happy Canada Day, Stephanie and everyone else!
MillieP on July 1, 2015 at 9:39 pm said:
Now I can’t see to knit, because I’ve got tears of laughter in my eyes.
PS: We have icing sugar here in Australia too (We use it to make stuff that’s NOT called ‘frosting’)
Stricktanz on July 1, 2015 at 9:39 pm said:
Another wonderful post, really enjoyed that one! Such a big fan of yours, had to finally leave a comment for the first time too.
Best of success and speed for the blanket!
Greetings from a way to hot a night without a/c in Germany.
Anonymous, too on July 1, 2015 at 9:48 pm said:
Hope you had a great Canada Day, Steph!
But not all of those words and terms are purely Canadian. The term “icing sugar” is also used in the UK — I’ve seen the product on store shelves there. “Housecoat” was once frequently used in the US, although perhaps with a different meaning than in Canada. Here, a housecoat was a lightweight, shapeless, and often sleeveless dress. Divine’s character wears one in the original version of “Hairspray”. As the garment has declined in popularity, so has the word..
Janis on July 1, 2015 at 9:58 pm said:
“Housecoat” = full-body apron.
And for Canadians now, it’s a dressing gown? or whatever you call that belted thing you put on over your pajamas when you need to answer the door or whatever!! =)
Dara on July 1, 2015 at 9:48 pm said:
Happy Canada Day Stephanie – thanks for the GREAT jokes and the even better reminders about how lucky we are to live in my beloved Canada. The blanket is looking oh so lovely. Well Done
1) Canada is lovely.
2) I’m sorry some of my compatriots have been turds over this.
3) Curling is still not a sport. It’s what you come up with when it’s February and you’ve very near the Arctic Circle, and you haven’t seen the sun in months, and you found a rock and a broom in the toolshed, and you NEED TO COME UP WITH SOME ACTIVITY OF SOME KIND TO KEEP FROM GOING COMPLETELY INSANE, and bam. Curling was born.
It’s a good thing they didn’t find a dead moose and a few kilos of gunpowder in the toolshed, or else curling would be a significantly gorier event.
I’m terribly sorry. I think I was a turd there. I make much worse fun of American football, though.
Hey….in the Middle Ages men who screamed and beat the ground with sticks were considered possessed by devils and dangerous; now they are considered golfers on a bad day!
StrongCat on July 2, 2015 at 2:41 pm said:
Oh, dear! Janis, you made me laugh out loud because as a transplanted Brit who became a Canadian Citizen, and who lives on the prairies where it is colder than the surface of Mars on occasion, you were not being a turd. I laughed out loud at the moose-and-gunpowder, scaring other patrons of our small-town library. I suffer badly from cabin fever in the winter months but up to now have successfully avoided an addiction to curling or hockey. Thank God for knitting!
Carol A on July 2, 2015 at 2:41 pm said:
ROFL. Once upon a time, a dead whale was found on the Oregon Coast. A decision was made ( I don’t remember by whom) to blow it up. There were quite a few onlookers. Need I say more?
Janis on July 3, 2015 at 11:08 am said:
Whoever made the decision, I can bet two things. That person was:
1) Male.
2) A devoted watcher of one of those “Penis Extenders of Modern Warfare” TV shows on the history channel. 🙂
Joey B. on July 1, 2015 at 9:57 pm said:
Oh ye gods, is it wrong of me to be giggling over all the jokes? Also, I love that moose tag you have with the bag! where did you get it?
Mary on July 1, 2015 at 10:00 pm said:
I have this tendency whenever our politicians have a little extra surge in their continual stupidity to research the immigration requirements for Canada.
Hope you have a very happy Canada Day
KnittingMole on July 2, 2015 at 3:32 pm said:
Me too!! Also every time I have to pay my ridiculously high health insurance bill.
mkg on July 1, 2015 at 10:01 pm said:
Jeez I wish I was a Canadian! I love you guys. And what a great hockey joke! Happy Canada Day!
I always love to read your Canada Day stories to learn more about your country. My great-grandparents were from small towns in Ontario and I have always been proud of my Canadian ancestry.
Karrie on July 1, 2015 at 10:07 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! Relaxing knitting hiding from this very non-Canadian heat wave!
Denise on July 1, 2015 at 10:25 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to you, Stephanie. Don’t think I’ve ever wished anyone those greetings before! I always love your posts, but these are some of my favorites.
Wonder if you all take a national holiday in the middle of the week? Or as is a strange US custom, to move the day off work to a weekday near a weekend. The Fourth of July is a Saturday this year, so everone is taking Friday off. Huh?
Canada Day and Christmas are the two holidays that are not moved to abut the weekend. But if Canada Day were to occur on a weekend, then either the Friday or, more likely, the Monday would be a holiday from work. Same with Christmas and Boxing Day (Dec. 26). If either of those occur on a weekend, we get an extra day off. If they occur on Saturday and Sunday, we get 2 extra days off. And before you envy us our Boxing Day, we don’t have a Black Friday off after Thanksgiving, as seems to be becoming more common in the US.
And November 11th is never moved to the weekend…at least in the private sector (vs government employees)
Trish at Tangled Threads on July 3, 2015 at 4:40 pm said:
and New Years Day
Laura on July 1, 2015 at 10:32 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I think we are lucky to have you as neighbors!
Sue on July 1, 2015 at 10:35 pm said:
As a half-Canadian, half-Engish New Zealander (please note: nothing to do with Australia – there’s quite a bit of ocean in between) I loved the jokes. They made me come over all nostalgic. Wish I could make another trip to Canada.
Love the Canada jokes. There were a couple there I hadn’t heard before (and I’m in Ontario).
Reminds me of a contest the Globe and Mail ran years ago (I was in high school – I refuse to calculate how many years ago that was!) to come up with a Canadian equivalent to the expression “as American as apple pie.”
The winner: “As Canadian as possible, under the circumstances.”
and I love the blanket. I’m sure the baby will, too.
Lynne in Florida on July 2, 2015 at 2:50 am said:
ROFLOL!
I hadn’t heard that! That’s hilarious, the only word that would make it more Canadian is to add “sorry”!
Maria on July 1, 2015 at 10:45 pm said:
I love Canada and was happy to take my daughter for a trip to Québec last spring. We invented a catchphrase: “tout est mieux au Canada!” Just now, I told her today is Canada Day and she immediately said “Tout est mieux”
annie on July 1, 2015 at 10:55 pm said:
I always love your Canada Day posts…thank you! Wish I could write one as clever about the US. We are great…just struggling a bit lately.
ellen on July 1, 2015 at 10:58 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to you. Comments don’t seem too bad to me this year, except for the outbreaks of gratuitous political squabbles. We’re getting pretty tense down here.
MizG on July 1, 2015 at 10:58 pm said:
We use eavestrough, chinook, toboggan, and housecoat in Minnesota, too, and most folks across the pond think we ARE Canadians by the way we talk, eh.
Okay by me.
PatV on July 1, 2015 at 10:58 pm said:
Happy Canada Day – it’s a good thing to be proud of your country!
Catherine S. on July 1, 2015 at 11:04 pm said:
Happy Canada Day, Steph! My hubby & I just sang your national anthem (best on earth) in your honor. Plus you have the world’s best flag.
Carol on July 5, 2015 at 12:13 pm said:
I second that, love the flag!
Kelly on July 1, 2015 at 11:05 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I spent a while looking up some terms that you listed, but most of them were familiar. This is not surprising since I grew up in an area of Rhode Island known as Petite Canada.
kathleen chapman on July 1, 2015 at 11:13 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! Love the posts every year. I love to hear things from people proud of there country.
Alice in the Heartland on July 1, 2015 at 11:33 pm said:
I look forward to Canada Day every year! Hope you’re having a great one and that the blankie is progressing.
Had to read the jokes out loud to DH so he would know why I was laughing.
Thanks for all the joy you bring me with your posts.
Carie on July 1, 2015 at 11:51 pm said:
Happy Canada Day!! And I think I’ve worked out eavestrough as gutters around the edge of the roof, hurrah for learning a new thing every day!
Renee Anne on July 1, 2015 at 11:51 pm said:
And on this Canada Day, I got my copy of one of your books (The Amazing Thing About the Way It Goes). I’ll get around to reading it someday…::sigh::
Heleninboise on July 2, 2015 at 12:06 am said:
Happy happy Canada Day!!!….my parents moved from England to Montreal when I was 6 and my brother 4, followed by another move to the USA. I love my adopted country lots, but wish we had spent more time in Canada – can’t wait to visit again. Sent from HOT Idaho where knitting is getting hard to do even with a/c……
Heather on July 2, 2015 at 12:16 am said:
Even though certain people are emotionally unstable, you still do your best to make them feel at home. By writing that disclaimer section you reached out the hand of friendship to some of these folks, even though they are probably incapable of understanding. That is and will always be the thing I most admire about you as a person. Never stop the love and support for the most aggressive and unstable members of the human community.
stashdragon on July 7, 2015 at 12:37 pm said:
Well said, Heather!
Lynda the Guppy on July 2, 2015 at 12:52 am said:
I’m an American who just laughed so hard at the curling joke that I scared the cat.
*off to bandage my wounds*
Tina B on July 2, 2015 at 1:27 am said:
I, too, look forward to these posts every year! I’m American and read these posts with a hope that this is what America could be. It’s an interesting time in the U.S. right now. Lots of progress and lots of backlash.
My dh and I are traveling through Canada right now and have been continually struck by the beauty and the kindness of the people, and the international nature of everywhere we’ve been. We have been going down the fantasy rabbit hole of what it would take to actually move here, and one objection we come up against is the reliance/presence of the oil industry. We both associate it with a pretty destructive force, in all the ways you can interpret that. Can someone help me out – is this a fair claim?
Regardless, Happy Canada Day from a 15th floor Airbnb condo rental in Edmonton!
cookgoalie on July 2, 2015 at 2:03 am said:
The oil industry…as you were travelling…using a car? Or a bus? Or a plane? That relies on the petro-chemical industry for fuel?
Unfortunately we are all consumers of oil, so it has to come from somewhere.
Tina B on July 2, 2015 at 11:08 am said:
That was my point to my dh. But we are both social servants so don’t work directly for oil (although it seems we all do when it comes to American politics…)
AJ on July 2, 2015 at 10:06 am said:
Yes, the oil industry is prevalent, but it depends on where you’re living/working. I’ve been in southern AB now for 13 years, and have never had a job in oil & gas. My husband also doesn’t work in o&g. But, a lot of people do, and the economy is largely tied to it. However, I grew up in BC, and the presence of o&g as an industry was basically non-existent.
Monica on July 2, 2015 at 12:49 pm said:
If you have questions about Canada’s oil industry I suggest reading the book “Ethical Oil: The Case for Canada’s Oil Sands” by Ezra Levant. As an Albertan I liked seeing the other side of the story.
Laura on July 2, 2015 at 1:47 am said:
I LOVE your Canada Day posts Steph so keep them coming!!! xxx
Christine on July 2, 2015 at 1:53 am said:
And a Happy Canada Day to you, albeit a bit late. I think it is only appropriate that you are proud of and love the beautiful, wonderful country where you live. Americans are very fortunate indeed to have such marvelous peace-loving neighbors to our north. (You never hear our immigration lunatic fringe call for building a fence on the U.S. / Canadian border. Could it be that you have it so good there you’d need to be mad to sneak south?) And if anyone wonders, I will enthusiastically celebrate the 4th of July because I am proud of and love my country as well.
Abbie on July 2, 2015 at 1:56 am said:
I think this is my favorite Canada Day post so far, and not just because I got all the jokes. (Shoutout to my Canadian besties who taught me everything I know.) I hope you and your family had an awesome Canada Day, Steph!
Neglected to mention that we are all “knit together” and bound by fiber ties. How marvelous! Besides, I’m busily knitting away at a cardigan from a super talented designer from Calgary, Heidi Kirrmaier.
KimS on July 2, 2015 at 2:59 am said:
Today I would like to leave this appreciation of Canadians. It is wonderful that you can (almost to a person) be so proud of being Canadian, but without doing it in a jingoistic or offensive way. You’re a good bunch. I’m a very English English person (I certainly consider myself English over British) but have a huge amount of respect for Canada. You seem to be getting a lot right (more than us, certainly at the moment).
ROSIE on July 2, 2015 at 3:20 am said:
I agree with the comment above – I am English, not British – and proud of it. But – if I had to live anywhere else, then Canada here I come! I loved Canada when I visited, many years ago. Happy Canada Day, Stephanie.
Kate on July 2, 2015 at 3:23 am said:
Canada is a wonderful country and all the things you say about it are true. I lived there for a year almost 20 years ago and haven’t fully recovered from leaving! I have the equivalent of homesickness for a country that isn’t my home. The words loonie and toonie are my favourites (although I kind of wish they’d gone with doubloons like some people wanted!)
Amy EM on July 2, 2015 at 8:01 am said:
I’m really disappointed that you took this opportunity to post so negatively rather than CELEBRATE your country. Spread the love, not the hate.
Tine on July 2, 2015 at 10:48 am said:
???????????????????????????????
donna on July 2, 2015 at 11:16 am said:
?????????????????????????????????
this post is all about LOVE – for one’s own country, whatever it might be. I’m so dissapointed that we couldn’t have one freakin’ year without a negative comment. So sorry, Steph…..we almost made it. wait – isn’t that a song…..:-)
Chris S on July 2, 2015 at 6:02 pm said:
I think perhaps you have mistaken a very Canadian past-time of laughing at ourselves to be negativity. Many Canadians (not all of course given our ethnic diversity) have a very dry humour and part of our humour is poking fun at ourselves – without real harm meant. It perhaps would translate better if you were actually with the Canadians telling the jokes, just reading it doesn’t allow you to see the body language – nor do you hear the raucous laughter after the punchline.
Stephanie’s Canada Day posts are always about the love she has for her country.
Hope this helps with the translation.
Chris S in Canada
Stephanie Pearl-McPhee on July 2, 2015 at 8:18 pm said:
Thanks for explaining Chris! Canadians really have a unique sense of humour.. the negative is positive!
You’re welcome. I’m guessing this commenter never read about the bacopa-cabana, which I found so funny that Marsha and I bought you one a few years back. (I still “our” version of Barry Manilow’s song.)
We really celebrate our diversity with laughter and that’s one of the best medicines ever!
Chris S
OOOPS, that should read “still SING our version . . . .”
Linda on July 2, 2015 at 8:20 am said:
Happy Canada Day Stephanie from Atlantic Canada!
Hope you had a wonderful day yesterday. Love the jokes.
Knit on!
SuEllyn on July 2, 2015 at 8:33 am said:
Thanks again for your Canada Day post. I’ve enjoyed it for years now. I’m always impressed by your love for your country without putting anyone else’s down and saddened that anyone that would read your blog to begin with needs to be so negative in the comments. I’ve learned alot of interesting things from you over the years, some about knitting, some about Canada. Thank you!
Nancy on July 2, 2015 at 8:52 am said:
I love your Canadian Day posts—they are always great! I love that you love Canada! As an American who travels through your country often and lives 50 mls south of the border, I think Canada totally rocks! Often overseas I meet people who think we are Canadians–yahoo! They think we are polite, I say to myself. I also love the USA too, but think we should be more like our neighbors to the north. Happy Canadian Day All!
Maryann on July 2, 2015 at 8:55 am said:
A. I’m sorry you have to list comment guidance before your Canada Day posts.
B. Canada: I want to go to there.
Meg on July 2, 2015 at 8:56 am said:
Happy Canada Day (late) to all. I love Canada. Every vacation I’ve ever had there has been wonderful, full of hospitable people, gorgeous scenery, very happy times.
A lot of those “Canadian” words are typical here in New England, too. We also use “powder room” which I like a lot.
Good luck on the blanket.
Leslie Fischgrund on July 2, 2015 at 9:00 am said:
Belated Happy Canada Day! Love you sharing the bits and pieces of Canadian culture. My husband and I even tried poutine when we were in Niagara Falls last November (you need to do long bike tours like yours to eat it on a regular basis…but it was great!).
Sanni on July 2, 2015 at 9:20 am said:
Happy Canada Day! As someone who feels deep love for two countries – the one I was born in and the US where I live now – I completely agree: Praising one country isn’t a slap on all others. Nor does patriotism ask us to deny our country’s shortcomings. It asks us to keep working to make our country into its best self.
Also I see patriots of (most) other countries this way: here’s a person who shows gratitude for all that is good in life, and what her/his country has done for her/him. Grateful people are awesome to be around.
Beautifully put, Sanni.
cindy on July 2, 2015 at 9:23 am said:
i love this post and canada sounds wonderful! i think i’d very much like to be canadian, if it didn’t get so cold in the winter, lol! happy belated canada day. 🙂
Lois on July 2, 2015 at 10:14 am said:
Happy Canada Day! ( A day late, but heartfelt.) Hope your blankie is speeding toward the finish line.
Tricia on July 2, 2015 at 10:29 am said:
I find it somewhat amusing and somewhat disappointing that you REGULARLY get hate on your Canada Day posts. People are so silly. Happy Canada Day from a fellow Canadian!
MarileeRD on July 2, 2015 at 10:47 am said:
Happy Canada Day! (Sorry it’s a day late.) Great jokes!
Kizz on July 2, 2015 at 10:52 am said:
Oh! Men With Brooms and Paul Gross are delightful! And so is this post. Happy belated Canada Day!
Jeanniemac on July 2, 2015 at 11:00 am said:
I’m so glad I didn’t miss your Canada Day post. Its always one of my favorites. I may be a day late but Happy Canada Day!
Lisa on July 2, 2015 at 11:07 am said:
This American loves your Canada Day posts and every great thing about your beautiful country.
Duffy on July 2, 2015 at 11:13 am said:
Happy Canada Day! Dad was Canadian, born near the Brooks area in Alberta where the wind is so lazy it goes right through you.
I looked up “freezies” and found an article where two truckloads of freezies were stolen in April from Brampton. I imagine they’re now being sold in Seattle to handle the heat.
What do you call them in the US?
jACQUELINE on July 3, 2015 at 3:04 pm said:
The only other time I’ve heard that term “lazy wind” was in Yorkshire, North of England. Isn’t it cool how sayings pop up in different parts of the world?
Becky G on July 2, 2015 at 11:44 am said:
Happy belated Canada Day! I love your Canada posts and have learned so much over the past few years. Thank you for sharing! 🙂
Jeanette on July 2, 2015 at 12:00 pm said:
Happy Canada Day (yesterday…oops)! Having grown up in NY, only about 15 minutes from the Canadian border, I’m often thought to be Canadian (living in Virginia now…there’s no distinguishing upstate NY from Canada apparently) Except for the perogies. I laughed right out loud at all these jokes! Love our friends to the north! Thanks Stephanie for all your write about!
Cathy L on July 2, 2015 at 12:17 pm said:
Love your Canada Day posts!
Nan on July 2, 2015 at 1:03 pm said:
Paulette on July 2, 2015 at 1:10 pm said:
Happy belated Canada Day.
If I were to escape Wisconsin it would either be to Minnesota or Canada. Better yet, Wisconsin could become another province along with the UP. We’re almost there…..afterall:
How many Canadian words have to be in a vocabulary before you can become part of the country. Hoser, eavestrough, housecoat, tobaggan. I’m sure there are many Yoopers and Wisconsin folks who would feel right at home and happier being Canadian. Anything to escape our state governments. Plus, we’d be very comfortable climate-wise. We;d be able to offer you good things, like a mountain range (the Porkies in the UP, a really cool city (Madison), and a really good Football team (GB Packers) Good beer too Spotted Cow for instance). Oh ya, Wisconsin does name streets after Packer players and coaches, does that count? Some of my favorite camping memories are at Pancake Bay and Kakabeka Falls. Canada would be able to add Door County (and unfortunately WIsconsin Dells). Strategically, it would give Canada a part of the Mississippi River and half of another Great Lake and all of Lake Superior.
I think this is a pretty good deal….give it some thought.
Karen Wong on July 2, 2015 at 1:19 pm said:
Laura Zazzarino on July 2, 2015 at 1:51 pm said:
You’re lucky to live in a country you’re still allowed to be proud of, without being told that you’re a hater or a micro-agressor. That’s not so much the case in the States anymore, as it is no longer politically correct to say nice things about your country if you’re from the USA.
That’s really sad, when the US is still a great country, although I admit it has taken a beating in recent years in terms of how it is seen on the world stage. There is nothing wrong with patriotism; in fact I have been quoted as saying that it is the cornerstone of a well-ordered life. I’ve been to several great places in the USA and hope to visit many more, as I have many wonderful friends there. Happy 4th of July, when it arrives. This Canadian loves to see exuberant celebration of pride in one’s country.
I’ve always enjoyed your Canada Day posts, and other references that remind me that the cultures of the U.S. and Canada are both similar and different. One of the joys of blogs on the internet is finding that there are people all over the world who have similar interests as I do. I have read with interest about knitters who live in Norway and Russia above the arctic circle, tatters in the UK, France, Malaysia, India, and Poland. Its always a bit of a shock when a quilter complains about the unrelenting heat wave in December, and then I realize that she lives in Australia. Each of these bloggers have given me a peak into their day to day lives that I have enjoyed enjoyed and appreciated. Happy Canada Day, as I make plans for the Fourth that include a hike and picnic with friends, and a toast to my ‘Germans from Russia ‘, Swiss, and Scots ancestors who crossed an ocean to come to the United States.
Trudy on July 2, 2015 at 3:23 pm said:
Hi Stephanie! I love this post! So funny! I especially love it because I’m from the U.S. but my husband is looking for a job in Canada right now. He directs labor unions and we’re having an awfully hard time living in one place since unions have begun being so attacked in this country! He started this line of work 6 yrs ago and we’ve moved to different states four times already! We have two toddlers and I’m self-employed teaching music lessons so every time we move I have to start my business all over again. It’s been tough! We want to move somewhere where we can stay in one place and where unions are stronger. And we’ve always loved Canada! Their healthcare, schools, worker benefits, self-employed pensions and maternity leave??? It’s amazing. He has a very good prospect of a director position right now that he’s perfect for in Burnaby, B.C. So… we’ll see! I would love to become Canadian! 🙂
Happy Canada Day! I hope you enjoyed it!
Emy on July 2, 2015 at 3:31 pm said:
I’ve spent the last 10 or so years as a hockey fan because I now live in a place that has an NHL team, and finally get what all the fuss is about. In that time, I’ve become convinced that Canadians are probably such lovely people because they get out all of their anger, frustrations, and other negative emotions either on the hockey rink, or by yelling at the rival team.
Nancy in TO on July 2, 2015 at 4:52 pm said:
Being Canadian, I actually snorted at the bacon joke!
Jane on July 2, 2015 at 5:39 pm said:
You people inflicted Bieber and Nickelback on the rest of the world. That’s the real reason for the vitriol.
Sorry, we needed a break.
Christine on July 3, 2015 at 11:19 am said:
Ha, ha–that’s true enough! But also a WHACKLOAD of very excellent comedians that you also get to enjoy, plus reams of hockey players… =)
Happy Canada Day, Stephanie (and everyone else who celebrates)! I’ve only been in your country once, on a trip to Niagara Falls, but I do look forward to seeing more of it someday.
AnnH on July 2, 2015 at 5:51 pm said:
Loved the jokes – I laughed out loud. Apparently Canadians are so polite we say thank you to the ATM.
Jenni Reiz in Edmonton on July 5, 2015 at 10:32 pm said:
True story!
Britt on July 2, 2015 at 6:05 pm said:
What a fun post! We use a lot of those Canadian words in Minnesota as well. Neato!
A day late, but Happy Canada to you. I grew up in the Rochester NY area so am quite familiar with most of the Canadian isms. Love Canada, particularly Toronto, and wish I could get up there for a visit. (Live in Florida now and don’t travel well.)
Mya on July 2, 2015 at 6:29 pm said:
Wait? You’re from Canada?
Carolyn in NH on July 2, 2015 at 6:42 pm said:
US Midwesterners knew the word “Chinook” at one time…Laura Ingalls Wilder used it in her book The Long Winter, one of her Little House series:
“Laura said nothing; she was too happy. She could hardly believe that the winter was gone, that spring had come. When Pa asked her why she was so silent, she answered soberly, ‘I said it all in the night.’
‘I should say you did! Waking us all from a sound sleep to tell us the wind was blowing!’ Pa teased her. ‘As if the wind hadn’t blown for months!’
‘I said the Chinook,’ Laura reminded him. ‘That makes all the difference.'”
Thank you Stephanie!
Kate K on July 7, 2015 at 4:11 pm said:
That’s where I learned the word, too! (Cackling with glee.)
If you haven’t read “The Wilder Life: My Adventures in the Lost World of Laura Ingalls Wilder” by Wendy McClure, I highly recommend it!
Richo on July 2, 2015 at 6:46 pm said:
Happy Canada Day from a proud Australian. We’re not quite up there with the healthcare and the education, but we’re pretty close. Like Canada, we rate very low on the Failed States Index. Not that this is a competition or anything, but we even have our own version of Stephen Harper too, only he’s called Tony Abbott.
Just wish we were caught up to Canada on the equal marriage rights, but hey, we still have something to aspire to.
I post this because my family had a choice to emigrate to either Australia or Canada. They chose Australia for the climate – something I remind them of in the middle of a scorching hot summer. If my family had made a different choice, I could have had access to a slightly better education and healthcare system, and I could follow curling instead of cricket. If you guys only had cricket, I would regret their choice more.
I love all your words but my favoUrite is kerfuffle.
(And I think adding the ‘U’ coloUr, neighboUr is important. Sometimes I stick a U in when there isn’t supposed to be one, just because!)
May on July 2, 2015 at 9:49 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! Loved your jokes, thanks!
Melissa on July 2, 2015 at 11:18 pm said:
Happy Canada Day! I’ve learned so much about your country by reading this annual post. And I see why the rest of the world regard Canadians as non-aggressive.
Frankly more Americans need to travel outside of this country. And then they would see that other places have specific strengths that we lack. That’s not a putdown. It’s just that the Good Lord spreads the blessings around…..
And we should hang our heads in embarrassment over potentially exporting those 2 New York escaped murderers to your country. But if they had crossed over the border last week, I’m sure that your government would have collaborated in the search!
Don’t apologize, I rather think they were trying to export themselves. As well as part of their plan seemed to work, it did not end well.
(and I’m supposed to touch the truck – how funny)
Ryan on July 3, 2015 at 12:39 am said:
THANK YOU for this post. Though I’m from the US, I’m a close neighbor in New England and I’ve been using the word “hoser” for about two decades now- something my family could never figure out where I picked up. Quite frequently, someone will tell me I made the word up, or insist that I must mean “poseur” with a heap of snottiness in their voice. I feel vindicated today! Thank you for this glorious gift!
Diane Fuller on July 3, 2015 at 11:51 am said:
Happy Canada Day a bit late (I’ve been sick this week.) I apologize for any rude comments by my fellow Americans. Anyone who is truly patriotic ought to be able to appreciate the same sentiment in the citizens of other countries. I think Canada is amazing and has every reason to be proud. Just the fact that it can produce a gem like you shows what a great place it is.
Sarah on July 3, 2015 at 1:08 pm said:
Happy Canada Day (I tweeted it to you on the actual day so I feel ok being late here)
Love Canada, honeymooned in Canada, have lived my whole life right next door to Canada (WA, AK, MN). Plan to retire in Canada (is there room for one more).
Best neighbors ever–(not to diss you Mexico but I’ve not lived right next door to you for 56 years so not sure about you quite yet….)
PS Love the jokes–I got them all. Is that good or bad?
Sheila on July 3, 2015 at 1:37 pm said:
I’m not insulted or affronted that you don’t due an Independence Day post. As an American, it has never dawned on me to celebrate Canada Day, why would you celebrate the 4th? Oh, happy belated Canada Day!
Heather on July 3, 2015 at 2:54 pm said:
Happy belated Canada Day! I love learning about Canada every year, and especially enjoyed the Stanley Cup joke.
Mary Peed on July 3, 2015 at 4:40 pm said:
Having lived in Michigan’s upper peninsula for most of my life, I find that we’re a lot like Canada…. we even sound like Canadians… except we say “Hey?” instead of “eh?”
I’m also not insulted that you don’t write an July 4th post and you’re proud of being Canadian. I get that but I do find it curious that you feel the need to defend your country so much. Does the lady protest too much and who cares? Besides you do come to the good ol’ USofA for much of your income.
Donna Engelhardt on July 4, 2015 at 10:45 am said:
Love it! What you do for disseminating info about Canada in your Canada Day posts should qualify you for Order of Canada as a Goodwill Ambassador.
Projektmanagerin on July 4, 2015 at 12:08 pm said:
After reading this I immediately youtubed “Due South”. .. it’ s all there!
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Pippa on July 4, 2015 at 4:00 pm said:
Happy Canada Day to all – although I now live in the excited states, I lived in your wonderful country for ten years, and visit fairly frequently
Happy Canada Day to all. Although I defected to the United [excited] States many years ago, I spent 10 wonderful years in Canada, met and married a fellow Brit, then moved. Sometimes I wonder why????
Karen Lauterwasser on July 4, 2015 at 10:26 pm said:
Hi! My youngest son just finished his first year at UBC Vancouver. I sent him a link to your post so he can immerse himself in Canadiana. That is, if he reads the blog like I told him to…
Cathy on July 5, 2015 at 7:10 am said:
I love the jokes but especially the hockey one! Your love for our country is heartwarming, especially when there is so much negativity in the Canadian press. I would never want to live anywhere else (but I do love to visit the UK). Good luck with the blanket and the best of good luck to your sister-in-law!!
Hannah on July 6, 2015 at 8:47 am said:
Is icing sugar the same as powdered sugar?
Justine on July 6, 2015 at 11:23 am said:
You’re Canadian!? But you seem so normal!
Just kidding, I knew you were Canadian, and you don’t seem very normal.
That is, you are normal for a knitter but we all know that to others we are pretty crazy.
bj of LaColline on July 6, 2015 at 3:55 pm said:
Born and raised in Texas, a family connection with Louisiana and, yes – I got it, the Curling Bacon made me drop my needles from laughing so hard!
A Belated Happy Canada Day
to my favourite Canadian!
Just got down from a no-internet stretch of the Sierra Nevada, and headed right for your Canada Day post. As always, it’s a gem. Cheers from California!
I grew up in Detroit and love all things Canadian. Your candidate day posts are great. I’m a crazy person who believes that there can be more than one great country in the world and I am happy to Accord Canada that status. And I was brought up saying eavestroughs. Thanks for all the great jokes, I love every one and I actually get them all. God bless the Mapl Leaf flag, and the land she flies over, and the people who are blessed to enjoy her peace and security.
Sorry, I didn’t process and I see my voice recognition device thought I was talking about Candidates day (???) When I was really taking about CANADA day. I really wish responses were editable! 😛
dublin dye on July 26, 2015 at 4:55 am said:
As a Canadian in Dublin for 15 years, my coworkers favourite joke is the pool one. But this year I got to spend Canada day in Canada, it might have been the first time since I moved!
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