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Home » CPSTF
Liaisons to the Community Preventive Services Task Force
The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) was established in 1996 to develop The Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). The founders understood right away that it was impossible for the CPSTF to represent all of the perspectives and experiences needed to inform their work. Therefore, they invited Liaison organizations and agencies to participate in the process of developing the Community Guide. Liaison representatives do the following
Represent the views, concerns, and needs of their organization and constituents
Provide input into review prioritization and CPSTF recommendations and other findings
Serve on, or recommend participants to serve on individual systematic review teams
Disseminate CPSTF recommendations among their members and constituents
Help their members and constituents translate CPSTF recommendations into action
Provide feedback on how CPSTF recommendations and other findings were disseminated, implemented, and used, and how well the recommendations and other findings met the needs of their constituents
Federal Agency Liaisons to the CPSTF
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Guide to Clinical Preventive Services
Liaison: Iris Mabry-Hernandez MD, Medical Officer
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Centers
Liaison: Brigette Ulin, MPH, Chief, Applied Research & Translation Branch; Director, Prevention Research Centers Program
Liaison: Courtney Burton, MA, Social Science Research Analyst
Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Liaison: Emmeline Ochiai, MPH, Public Health Advisor
Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Patient Care Services, National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Liaison: Lynn Novorska, RD, LDN, MOVE! Dietitian Program Coordinator
Liaison: LCDR Shayna Wilborn, RN, BSN, LHCRM
Liaison: Alberta Becenti, MPH, Consultant Health Promotion/Disease Prevention
Liaison: Carrie Klabunde, PhD, MBA, MHS, Senior Advisor for Disease Prevention, Office of Disease Prevention, Office of the Director
Alternate Liaison: Elizabeth Neilson, PhD, MPH, MSN, Senior Communications Advisor, Office of Disease Prevention
Liaison: Marion Cornelius Pierce, Public Health Analyst
Liaison: Major Denise E. Campbell, MPH, RD, CSSD, Chief, Health Promotion Nutrition
Alternate Liaison: Regina Watson, Health Promotion Program Manager>
United States Army Public Health Center
Liaison: Amy Millikan Bell, MD, MPH, Medical Advisor
Alternate Liaison: Laura Mitvalsky, Director, Health Promotion and Wellness
United States Navy Medicine
Liaison: William (Bill) Calvert, MS, MPH, MBA, Deputy Director for Public Health, Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center
Organization Liaisons to the CPSTF
Liaison: Kevin Kovach, DrPH, MSc, CHES, Population Health Manager
Alternate Liaison: Bellinda K. Schoof, MHA, CPHQ, Director, Division of Health of the Public and Science
Liaison: Diane L. Padden, PhD, CRNP, Vice President of Professional Practice and Partnerships
Liaison: Debra Waldron, MD, MPH, FAAP, Senior Vice President, Healthy Resilient Children, Youth and Families
Liaison: Marie-Michèle Léger, MPH, PA-C, Director, International and Clinical Affairs
Liaison: Tisha Titus, MD, MPH, FACPM, Director of Case Management and Work Capacity, Federal Occupational Health, Department of Health and Human Services
Liaison: Jane Grover, DDS, MPH, Director
Alternate Liaison: Tooka Zokaie, MPH, CLSSGB, National Manager for Fluoridation and Preventive Health Activities
Liaison: Christopher Holliday, PhD, MPH, Director of Population Health
Alternate Liaison: Andrea M. Garcia, JD, MPH Director, Science, Medicine & Public Health
Liaison: David Pugach, JD, Senior Vice President of Public Policy
Liaison: Regina Davis Moss, PhD, MPH, MCHES, Associate Executive Director, Public Health Policy and Practice
Association for Prevention Teaching and Research
Liaison: Sean P. Haley, MD MPH, Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
Liaison: Elizabeth M. Weist, MPH, CPH, Director of Education
Liaison: Marcus Plescia, MD, MPH, Chief Medical Officer
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division
Liaison: Rose Marie Martinez, ScD, Senior Director, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Liaison: Jennifer Li, MHS, Senior Director, Environmental Health
Liaison: Chris Kinabrew, MPH, MSW, Chief Strategy Officer
Alternate Liaison: Jennifer McKeever, MSW, MPH, Director, Public Health Practice and Training
Liaison: Kathleen Amos, MLIS, AHIP, Assistant Director, Academic/Practice Linkages
Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations
Liaison: Joyce Edmonds, PhD, MPH, RN, Assistant Professor, Boston College Connell School of Nursing
Liaison: Albert Terrillion, DrPH, MEd, CPH, CHES, Faculty, Walden University
Federal Agency Liaisons Biosketches
Liaison: Iris Mabry-Hernandez, MD
Liaison: Brigette Ulin, MPH
Brigette Ulin serves as the Applied Research and Translation Branch chief and the director of the Prevention Research Centers Program in the Division of Population Health within the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. In this role, she oversees CDC's Prevention Research Center (PRC) Program, Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Aging Program, and Workplace Health Program.
Prior to this role, she served as the director of the Office of National Prevention Strategy where she supported the U.S. Surgeon General with the management of the National Prevention Council, served as the designated federal officer of the presidentially-appointed Advisory Group on Prevention, Health Promotion, and Integrative and Public Health, and supported the implementation of the nation's first National Prevention Strategy. Ms. Ulin has a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Florida, and a Master of Public Health degree from the Rollins School of Public Health.
Liaison: Courtney Burton, MA
Ms. Burton is a Social Science Research Analyst at the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI). As a part of the Division of Health Innovation and Integration within the Preventive and Population Health Care Models Group, Ms. Burton serves as a project officer for numerous round two Health Care Innovation Awards (HCIA). In this role, she fulfills the mission of the group by identifying innovations in health care with a focus on preventive and population health care models aimed at achieving progress in the three part goals of better care, better health and lower cost. Additionally, Ms. Burton is the logistics lead for CMMI’s Population Health Payer-Provider Summit Series which engages internal and external stakeholders in order to encourage collaboration, and long-term scalability and sustainability of awardees. Prior to joining CMMI, Ms. Burton actively engaged community members through health education and outreach in her position at the Anne Arundel County Department of Health and contributed extensively to the development and implementation of the State Health Improvement Process (SHIP) in her role at the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Ms. Burton graduated from the University of Maryland Baltimore County where she received the following degrees: master of arts in Applied Sociology with a focus on research methods and a bachelor of arts in Health Administration and Policy with a concentration in public health.
Liaison: Emmeline Ochiai, MPH
Ms. Ochiai is a senior advisor in the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office of the Secretary, at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. She is the designated federal official for the Secretary's Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2030. She is the lead for production of Healthy People 2020's interactive evidence-based resources tool and production of the Healthy People 2020 Spotlight on Health webinar series. Ms. Ochiai earned her Master in Public Health degree from Harvard University and her Bachelors of Arts degree from Bryn Mawr University.
Liaison: Lynn Novorska, RD, LDN
Liaison: Alberta Becenti, MPH
Ms. Becenti serves as a Public Health Advisor for the Indian Health Service National Health Promotion/Disease Prevention (HP/DP) program. Her responsibilities include serving as a liaison between local communities (IHS, Tribal, urban), Area Office, and the Headquarters Health Promotion to support and enhance community capacity, developing infrastructure, establishing organizational networks, identifying resources, coordinating and conducting trainings. Provide leadership, direction, and advocacy in planning, developing, and implementing the HP/DP program. Prior positions include serving as a Director of Clinical and Preventive Health Services and served on a committee for a multi-site obesity prevention study among American Indian children. Ms. Becenti received her Master of Public Health in 1991 from the University of Oklahoma. As a certified health education specialist, Ms. Becenti has over 20 years of experience in working with American Indian/Alaska Native communities, schools, and worksites to plan and implement prevention activities focusing on physical activity, tobacco and alcohol prevention. Her key area of interest includes physical activity, obesity prevention, adolescent, and worksite health promotion.
Liaison: Carrie Klabunde, PhD, MBA, MHS
Dr. Klabunde joined the Office of Disease Prevention of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as senior advisor for disease prevention in January 2015, after 18 years as an epidemiologist and program director with the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Klabunde's current responsibilities include leading the Office of Disease Prevention's effort to identify prevention research areas for investment or expanded effort by the NIH. She serves as the NIH liaison to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and Community Preventive Services Task Force. She also is scientific advisor to the Pathways to Prevention program.
Dr. Klabunde is a health services researcher whose interests are in evaluating the organization and delivery of preventive services, with an emphasis on cancer screening in primary care practice. She has expertise in designing and implementing probability sample surveys of health care providers. From 2008-2014, she served as the scientific coordinator for the cancer control supplement to the National Health Interview Survey. Dr. Klabunde holds a doctoral degree in health policy and management from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and masters degrees in health services administration from the University of Florida.
Alternate Liaison: Elizabeth Neilson, PhD, MPH, MSN
Dr. Neilson joined the ODP in May 2010 as a Senior Communications Advisor and worked to increase the visibility of prevention research. In 2016, she was promoted to Health Science Policy Analyst. In this role, Dr. Neilson focuses on identifying research needs and gaps, facilitating collaborative prevention research activities, and promoting the use of evidence-based interventions and the conduct of dissemination and implementation research.
Dr. Neilson co-leads two scientific interest groups in disease prevention and facilitates the partnership between the NIH and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the Community Preventive Services Task Force. She is also an active member of the NIH Dissemination and Implementation Working Group.
Before joining the ODP, Dr. Neilson served for six years as an Advocacy Relations Manager at the National Cancer Institute. She also served as Program Director of the D.C. Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program and as an Area Manager for Planned Parenthood.
Dr. Neilson received a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Emory University. She earned a Master of Science in Community Health Nursing, a Master of Public Health, and a Ph.D. in Public Health with a concentration in Social and Behavioral Sciences from Johns Hopkins University.
Liaison: Marion Cornelius Pierce
Mr. Pierce is a public health analyst for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), Division of Systems Development. He works on internal and external communications and national prevention campaigns. He is the project lead for CSAP’s Underage Drinking Prevention Education Initiatives contract, and he serves as the publications lead for the center. Previously, Mr. Pierce served as the project manager to produce the first-ever Surgeon General’s Report on alcohol, drugs, and health. Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health addresses alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription drug misuse. It provides an in-depth look at the science of addiction, calls for a cultural shift in the way Americans talk about the issue, and recommends actions we can take to prevent and treat these conditions.
Mr. Pierce graduated cum laude from Howard University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications. In addition to substance abuse prevention, his other professional areas of interest include collegiate issues and strategic health communications.
Liaison: Major Denise E. Campbell, MPH, RD, CSSD
In her role as chief, health promotion nutrition, Maj Campbell is responsible for executing guidance for nutrition strategy policies, plans, and program resourcing for 2.6 million beneficiaries. Maj Campbell received her Bachelor of Science degree in dietetics from the University of Delaware, and her master’s in public health from the Colorado School of Public Health.
Alternate Liaison: Regina Watson
Liaison: William (Bill) Calvert, MS, MPH, MBA
Mr. Calvert is the deputy director of the Population Health Directorate at the Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center (NMCPHC). As deputy director, Mr. Calvert provides executive management over three Departments: Health Promotion and Wellness (HPW), Epidemiology Data Center (EDC) and Health Analysis (HA). Mr. Calvert's strategic leadership and facilitation skills are instrumental in shaping of resources and strategies necessary for agile and responsive public health programs, development of new programs, sustainment of existing programs, and improved and streamlined processes. Mr. Calvert provides professional leadership and authoritative consultative services to top-level officials in the Navy, Department of Defense, and other federal and non-federal agencies in the development of policies, regulations, standards and guidelines related to population health. He began his career as a state civil servant with responsibilities for HIV/AIDS Education and Prevention program, management of a large metropolitan AIDS program with oversight of its health education and training, counseling and testing, patient care, and epidemiology/disease reporting programs. He later accepted federal employment for the Department of Navy as a public health educator with the Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC), currently the Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center (NMCPHC). During this time, he served as a program manager for health promotion programs in the areas of alcohol abuse prevention, clinical preventive services and the Sexual Health and Responsibility Program which he established in 1998. Since 2006, Mr. Calvert has served in various leadership roles as a deputy director at the NMCPHC providing executive management and oversight of health promotion and preventive medicine, public health, and currently, population health (PH) and its three departments; Health Promotion and Wellness (HPW), Epidemiology Data Center (EDC) and Health Analysis (HA). His leadership and strategic actions have resulted in the development of new public health programs such as pandemic disease surveillance, addressing the impact of traumatic brain injuries, psychological stress in wounded warriors, as well as developing and collecting quality of and access to care metrics for Navy medical facilities. Mr. Calvert has served as a federal liaison to several organizations and currently serves as representatives for DoD and the Navy Surgeon General. He received his MBA and MPH from the University of Alabama at Birmingham and earned a MS in Biomedical Sciences from Barry University.
Organization Liaisons Biosketches
Liaison: Kevin Kovach, DrPH, MSc, CHES
Dr. Kovach is the manager of the Population Health Department in the American Academy of Family Physicians' Health of the Public and Science Division. In this capacity, he oversees the Academy’s efforts related to chronic disease prevention, social determinants of health, and health equity. Prior to joining the Academy, Dr. Kovach served a variety of roles in state and local public health organizations, including health promotion, emergency preparedness, community health assessment and improvement, and epidemiology. His professional areas of interest include health disparities and health equity, inter-organizational collaboration, and community health assessment. Dr. Kovach has a doctoral degree in public health leadership from the University of Illinois at Chicago and a master’s degree in epidemiology from the University of London.
Alternate Liaison: Bellinda K. Schoof, MHA, CPHQ
Liaison: Diane L. Padden, PhD, CRNP
Diane Padden, PhD, CRNP joined the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) in 2013 and serves as the vice president of professional practice and partnerships. In this role, she is responsible for planning, developing, and implementing activities and programs related to professional practice. Dr. Padden represents AANP and participates in a wide variety of multi-stakeholder meetings related to nurse practitioner practice. She develops, establishes, and maintains partnerships with other organizations and agencies.
Prior to coming to AANP, Dr. Padden was an associate professor in the Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing at the Uniformed Services University in Bethesda, Maryland. While there, she taught in the masters and doctoral programs and held several leadership positions, including Family Nurse Practitioner program director and chair of the Department of Health, Injury and Disease Prevention.
Dr. Padden has been a family nurse practitioner since 1994. She has practiced in private and public settings with a focus on health promotion and wellness for the entire family. She has conducted several research studies and published in the areas of stress, coping, and health promotion behaviors among spouses of military service members.
Dr. Padden received her Master of Nursing Degree from Emory University and her doctoral degree in nursing from The Catholic University of America. She was inducted as a fellow in the American Association of Nurse Practitioners in 2010. She has received several awards including outstanding research abstract for AANP, and the Janet Rexrode Southby Prize in Nursing Research.
Liaison: Debra Waldron, MD, MPH, FAAP
Dr. Waldron is the senior vice president of the Department of Healthy and Resilient Children, Youth, and Families at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). In this role, she oversees child safety, health and wellness; pediatric population health; strategic partnerships for child and family health; and systems of services for children and youth with special health care needs. Dr. Waldron also provides leadership to the AAP Bright Futures National Center—a national disease prevention and health promotion initiative. The Bright Futures Guidelines provide theory-based and evidence-driven guidance for all preventive care screenings and well-child visits.
Previously, Dr. Waldron served as the director of the Division of Services for Children with Special Health Needs at the Maternal Child Health Bureau (MCHB) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration. Prior to joining MCHB, she was vice chair of Child Health Policy and professor of pediatrics at the University of Iowa. In that role, she oversaw the statewide system of services for children with special health care needs. Her areas of expertise are population health and family engagement.
Liaison: Marie-Michèle Léger, MPH, PA-C
Ms. Léger, a physician assistant for 27 years, is senior director of clinical and health affairs, division of Advocacy and Government Relations at the American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA). She obtained a Bachelors of Science, Physician Assistant Program, George Washington University (GWU), Washington DC in 1983 and completed her Master in Public Health, (International Health, Concentration: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention), from GWU in 1996. In her role at AAPA she monitors and advises the Academy's leadership on important issues in clinical medicine and public health. She represents the Academy at a wide range of meetings relevant to clinical practice. Ms. Léger also serves as the Academy's point person on international issues as it relates to the physician assistant profession. She has presented on the role of physician assistant (PA) in the US health care system at various international meetings; provides resources to members going abroad wishing to discuss the PA profession and responds to inquiries from abroad about the PA profession. She has published extensively; written editorials on raising the awareness of emergency preparedness and raising the rate of adult immunization. Ms. Léger has given presentations in the United States and internationally addressing the physician assistant profession, immunization, disparity in health care and infectious disease topics. She currently serves as AAPA's liaison to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice. Prior to joining AAPA, she was the manager, Hospital Epidemiology/Infection Control at Children's National Medical Center (CNMC). While at CNMC, she drafted the hospital's preparedness plan and conducted suspicious powder exposure investigation (anthrax) at the institution. Ms. Léger retains a faculty appointment at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Liaison: Tisha Titus, MD, MPH, FACPM
Dr. Titus is the director of case management and work capacity at Federal Occupational Health, Department of Health and Human Services tasked with providing direction and oversight of four clinical programs: law enforcement, medical employability, OWCP and AED. Prior to this she was the first dedicated preventionist for the Atlanta VA Medical Center focused on employee wellness and served as the medical review officer and medical staff BLS/ACLS instructor. Dr. Titus also serves as regional faculty and chair for the American Heart Association's Emergency Cardiovascular Care for Georgia; Embraced board member; and American College of Preventive Medicine Young Physicians Section member and chair. Her professional areas of interest include global health, immunizations, prevention of infectious and lifestyle diseases, women's health and quality improvement.
Liaison: Jane Grover, DDS, MPH
Dr. Grover became the director of the Council on Advocacy for Access and Prevention of the American Dental Association in April 2013. She oversees ADA activities on topics such as community water fluoridation, dental sealants, school based dental programs, community health center, access to care, and funding of public health dental programs.
She is a native of Detroit and received both her dental degree and Master’s Degree in Public Health from the University of Michigan. Prior to joining the ADA, Dr. Grover was the dental director of an FQHC in Michigan, adjunct faculty of the University of Michigan School of Dentistry and AEGD residency director for Lutheran Medical Center. Dr. Grover has been an advocate for public-private partnerships to promote oral health programs for underserved populations. She was awarded the Clinician of the Year award from the Michigan Primary Care Association in 2004 for her role in advocating for the return of dental Medicaid benefits for adults in Michigan.
Alternate Liaison: Tooka Zokaie, MPH, CLSSGB
Tooka Zokaie is the manager for fluoridation and preventive health activities at the American Dental Association. She leads the National Fluoridation Advisory Committee and the Prevention Sub Committee for the Council on Advocacy for Access and Prevention in the Government and Public Affairs Division. Her work includes educating community leaders on the efficacy and public health benefits of community water fluoridation, tobacco cessation, school-based oral health, and nutrition. Prior to joining the ADA, Ms. Zokaie completed an administrative fellowship in medical-dental integration at Kaiser Permanente Northwest. While in her fellowship, she established a coordinated care protocol for at-risk diabetic and pediatric medical patients to access dental services.
Ms. Zokaie provides continued leadership for oral health access at the local level as a board member of the Oregon Oral Health Coalition and as a liaison for oral health education in primary care settings through the University of California’s Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing. She is a member of the Oral Health Progress and Equity Network (OPEN) and is on the Oral Health Section Policy Committee of the American Public Health Association. Ms. Zokaie attained her master’s degree in public health from the University of California, Davis.
Liaison: Christopher S. Holliday, PhD, MPH
Dr. Holliday is the Director of Population Health at the American Medical Association (AMA). In this role, Dr. Holliday leads efforts to develop and implement national, public health-based change strategies for improving health outcomes and reducing costs for high-impact medical conditions. He helps devise multi-level, evidence-based interventions targeting key social, environmental, and behavioral determinants of health, identify and engage key population segments and communities in health risk reduction, builds clinical-community linkages, and advocates for public policy changes that reduce the leading causes of disease burden and promote healthy lifestyles.
Dr. Holliday is a senior-level leader with twenty years of executive management experience in population health and clinic-based public health, primary healthcare, and non-profit settings at the local and national levels. He has led teams in the prevention of chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and injury prevention. He is a community psychologist and research scientist with nearly a decade of experience in community-based participatory processes, including community mobilization and coalition-building.
Prior to joining the AMA, Dr. Holliday served as the director of the national center of excellence on the social determinants of mental health at the Adler School of Professional Psychology where he was responsible for generating and disseminating knowledge on the influence of social conditions on public mental health. Just before, he served as CEO of Communities Joined in Action, a national organization of 200 community health access and care-coordination coalitions in 44 states. From 1998 through 2011, he served in various leadership roles at the DeKalb County Board of Health in Georgia, including director of the Center for Community Health Transformation and director of Community Health and Prevention Services. He received his Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and PhD degrees in psychology from Northwestern University and Georgia State University, and his Master of Public Health degree from Emory University Rollins School of Public Health.
Alternate Liaison: Andrea M. Garcia, JD, MPH
Liaison: David Pugach, JD
Liaison: Regina Davis Moss, PhD, MPH, MCHES
Dr. Davis Moss is the associate executive director of public health policy and practice for the American Public Health Association. She has nearly 20 years experience managing national health promotion and disease prevention initiatives addressing such areas as reproductive health, healthy aging, obesity prevention, health policy, and sustained capacity in public health. Prior to APHA, Dr. Davis Moss worked on health education efforts for the federal government; a multimedia health information service for a health policy foundation; and an epidemiologic research study investigating reproductive health issues. Her professional areas of interest include women's health, adolescent health, and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. She holds a doctorate in public health focusing on maternal and child health.
Liaison: Sean P. Haley, MD MPH
Dr. Haley is on the faculty of the Medical University of South Carolina where he oversees medical students’ curriculum on health systems science, public health and prevention, evidence-based medicine, and health care disparities. He also works clinically in outpatient family medicine, inpatient hospital medicine, long term residential care facilities, and post-acute care facilities in skilled nursing. Dr. Haley serves as the medical director for the MUSC Asylum Clinic, and he is a member of the Gold Humanism Society. Dr. Haley’s clinical interest areas include preventive medicine, chronic disease management, community medicine, population health, public health, and global and underserved care. He holds a medical degree and a master’s degree in public health, and he has extensive experience working in the not-for-profit sphere within community development and with the resettled refugee population.
Liaison: Elizabeth M. Weist, MPH, CPH
Ms. Weist is the director of education for the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH), where she leads accreditation, education, interprofessional, and global health initiatives. Her career has focused on providing high-quality education, training, and faculty development and leadership programs that drive towards meeting her organization’s strategic goals and help adult learners build personal and professional competencies. Ms. Weist has worked in senior management positions with ASPPH for 20 years.
Ms. Weist has authored nearly two dozen publications and has managed one-million dollar grants from private foundations and federal agencies. She has a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree and holds a Certified in Public Health (CPH) credential.
Liaison: Marcus Plescia, MD, MPH
Dr. Marcus Plescia is the incoming chief medical officer for the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO). He provides medical leadership and expertise across the agency and helps oversee ASTHO’s portfolio of chronic disease prevention and control programs. ASTHO is the national nonprofit organization representing public health agencies of the United States, the U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia, as well as the more than 100,000 public health professionals these agencies employ.
Dr. Plescia has served in public health leadership roles at the local, state, and federal level for the past fifteen years. He was the chronic disease director in the North Carolina Division of Public Heath, director of the national cancer control programs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and public health director in Charlotte, NC. In these roles he has led successful efforts to enact public health policy changes, including a state law banning smoking in all restaurants and bars in North Carolina. He has helped create major public health initiatives, and his leadership of the implementation of CDC's national colorectal cancer screening program is a notable example of his efforts to transform public health practice to more population-based, data-focused approaches.
Dr. Plescia received his Medical Degree, his Master of Public Health, and his Bachelor of Science from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He trained in family medicine at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, NY. He is board certified in family medicine and has practiced in a variety of settings serving homeless, urban poor, and rural underserved populations. He spent the first ten years of his career in academic family medicine and has published extensively in public health and family medicine literature.
Liaison: Rose Marie Martinez, ScD
Dr. Martinez is the senior director, for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division's Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice. In this role, Dr. Martinez directs a portfolio of projects that address prevention strategies and interventions that focus on the general population or subgroups of the population. Topics have included HIV prevention strategies, tobacco use prevention, childhood immunization issues, public health system preparedness, and injury prevention and poison control, among others. Dr. Martinez's areas of expertise include policy analysis and program evaluation.
Liaison: Jennifer Li, MHS
Liaison: Chris Kinabrew, MPH, MSW
Alternate Liaison: Jennifer McKeever, MSW, MPH
As Director of Public Health Practice and Training, Ms. McKeever supports staff, consultants, and network members in the implementation of initiatives that improve the nation's public health performance. Most recently, Ms. McKeever is supporting the creation and launch of the National Coordinating Center for Public Health Training, working with ten regional training centers to co-create, standardize, and modernize a best-in-class public health training system that is easily accessible to all communities and Tribes across the country. In her tenure with NNPHI, Ms. McKeever has led the design and execution of national trainings and conferences that reach over 1,000 public health professionals per year and learning communities that test innovations to advance public health practice. Her work is driven by a deep belief that achieving health in the U.S and everywhere will be found through the pursuit of justice. Prior to joining NNPHI, Ms. McKeever oversaw HIV testing and counseling with the Louisiana Office of Public Health, a program that conducted 75,000 tests and trained over 200 HIV counselors annually. She also managed and provided training for community-based programs providing HIV services across the state. Earlier in her career, Ms. McKeever worked as a social services director for a residential facility for persons living with AIDS, as an ESL teacher and caregiver for children in Honduras, and as an employment coach for persons with developmental disabilities. She earned a MSW and MPH from Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Liaison: Kathleen Amos, MLIS, AHIP
Ms. Amos serves as the assistant director for academic/practice linkages for the Public Health Foundation (PHF). In this role, she manages projects designed to build collaboration between academia and public health practice and strengthen the public health workforce. She coordinates the activities of the Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice and its various initiatives, including the Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals and the Academic Health Department Learning Community, as well as efforts related to increasing the use of evidence in community health improvement planning and enhancing access to public health training evaluation resources. Ms. Amos’ prior experience includes completion of a Grace and Harold Sewell Memorial Fund Learning Partnership fellowship at PHF and the National Library of Medicine Associate Fellowship Program. She holds a Master of Library and Information Studies degree and a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology and social anthropology, both from Dalhousie University.
Liaison: Joyce Edmonds, PhD, MPH, RN
Dr. Edmonds is an associate professor at the Connell School of Nursing at Boston College. She received an MPH from Oregon Health Sciences University and a PhD from Emory University. Dr. Edmonds holds the following two certifications: Advanced Public Health Nurse, Board Certified, (APHN, BC), American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and Certification in Public Health (CPH), National Board of Public Health Examiners. She is an active in the American Public Health Association, Public Health Nursing Section and in public health nursing professional and practice issues. Dr. Edmonds has a research appointment with the Munn Center for Nursing Research at Massachusetts General Hospital and is an affiliate member of Ariadne Labs at Harvard Chan School of Public Health. She has experience in state and local health departments with Title V maternal and child health programs including evidence based home visitation. Her research interests are in maternal health and health seeking behavior. She has worked in the domestic and global context, exploring factors that influence maternal mortality and cesarean delivery rates. She is currently investigating the influence of labor and delivery nurses on birth outcomes and the factors that shape their practice patterns. The goals of her program of research are to support physiologic labor and birth in childbearing women and to improve the quality and equity of maternity care services.
Albert Terrillion, DrPH, MEd, CPH, CHES
Dr. Terrillion is a health professional with over twenty years of experience at the local, state, and national level. He is currently on the faculty for Walden University's School of Health Sciences. In this position, he teaches public health policy and supports efforts to develop, promote, and sustain partnerships between health care professionals and community-based organizations. He has worked with both health systems and community groups to identify successful models and evidence-based practices leading to the development of technical assistance materials and tools to bring these models to scale.
Dr. Terrillion led efforts to support primary care, health equity, and the integration of evidence-based programs and policies in state and local public health agencies. This work included being the operational lead for several national, high-profile, public health initiatives. His background includes work in academia (in translational research, community improvement, and health workforce instruction and training) and work to improve health in rural communities in Louisiana. A native of New Orleans, Dr. Terrillion has led several local initiatives to support the city's ongoing recovery from Hurricane Katrina.
Guide to Community Preventive Services. Liaisons to the Community Preventive Services Task Force. https://www.thecommunityguide.org/task-force/liaisons-community-preventive-services-task-force. Page last updated: December 03, 2020. Page accessed: January 15, 2021
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Archaeology and Medieval History BA (Hons)
UCAS CODE: VV1K
VISIT WEBSITE REQUEST INFO GET PROSPECTUS
Main Site - Cardiff
The BA in Archaeology and Medieval History gives you the opportunity to combine the study of the human past from pre-history to the medieval era through its material remains with particular insight into the history of people in the medieval period. The programme offers a balance between modules covering the medieval historical period and, thematic modules that examine broad social and cultural topics, such as warfare, gender, religion, art and science, as well as modules that provide training in archaeological skills, methods and techniques. It is designed to cultivate the skills of the historian and of the archaeologist, namely, the ability to assess evidence critically, to evaluate different interpretations of the evidence, to construct arguments on the basis of evidence, and to express opinions cogently in speech and in writing.It provides the training necessary for students who wish to study Medieval History or Archaeology at postgraduate level and a valuable range of transferable skills for students who enter other professions.
All offers will exclude General Studies and Critical Thinking
Cardiff University, PO Box 921, Cardiff, Cardiff, CF10 3XQ, Wales
Cardiff has over 8,500 international students from more than 130 countries.
Cardiff is a truly global university with formal links and partnerships with more than 200 institutions worldwide.
The university's culture encourages international exchanges and collaborations.
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Kristine Ono
Kristine Ono is a partner consultant specializing in educational technology and personalized learning for The Core Collaborative. She is also a District Office Intervention Facilitator for the Technology Integration Department in the Montebello Unified School District, which is the third largest school District in Los Angeles county. In her fifteen years as an educator, Kris has served students at all grade levels and in multiple capacities. Kris has developed her own leadership capacity as a Title I Coordinator, English Learner Facilitator and GATE Coordinator.
Kris is integral in the design and delivery of job embedded professional learning at the District level that address authentic integration of technology in the classroom with an emphasis on student-centered assessment and data use.. Kris is a member of her District’s Technology Plan Committee, is a Microsoft Innovative Educator participant, and is deeply committed to playing active role in assisting her district’s diligent efforts to make gains in the areas of Educational Technology.
Kris is passionate about student-centered learning and collaborating with educators in their systemic push to ensure that every student feels important, experiences success, and is able to take ownership over their learning. She has taken an active role towards establishing systems that support, honor and celebrate the processes that are fundamental to student-centered learning.
Kris earned a Bachelor’s Degree in American Studies with an emphasis in Ethnic Studies, and a Master’s Degree in Education from the University of California at Santa Cruz. She loves to Stand Up Paddleboard, is an unadventurous foodie, and resides in Long Beach, CA.
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Remember R&B Legend Al Jarreau
TDR is sorry to report that the Jazz, R&B and Pop Singer, AL JARREAU (born Alwin Lopez Jarreau) passed away February 12, 2017 at 76 years of age. Al was the fifth of six kids born in the family of a Seventh Day Adventist Preacher and his piano playing wife. Mr. Jurreau earned a Master's degree in vocational rehabilitation from the University of Iowa and practiced in San Francisco, moonlighting with the George Duke Jazz trio.
In 1968 he became a singer full time at age 35, and in 1976 he released his first album WE GOT BY that launched his career. In 1981 AL released the album, BREAKING AWAY, that contained the single WE'RE IN THIS LOVE TOGETHER, that became his first hit and made him famous around the world, which he toured tirelessly for many years, and he also made numerous television appearances that pushed his brand.
Although he never got the personal popularity of an Al Green, he won seven Grammys and was nominated for at least a dozen more. Al Jurreau was the only artist besides Michael Jackson to win Grammy's in three categories: Jazz, Pop, and R&B. Mr. Jarreau had recently announced his retirement from touring because of extreme exhaustion. Here's our TDR Tribute to Al Jarreau with the official video with good Picture and Sound, of his signature song, "We Belong Together." @therealdonrocks
#BestofFacebook #DonSundeen #AlJarreau #RockandRollHeaven #RB #70spophits
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“End the culture of jihad if you wish to join the rest of the world in peace and harmony” | Creeping Sharia
Why the U.S. should not take in Muslim immigrants
End the culture of jihad if you wish to join the rest of the world in peace and harmony”
via Nonie Darwish: Why the U.S. should not take in Muslim immigrants
Islamic turmoil never fails to dominate the headlines, and the West is yet again split on how to deal with the polarizing issue of Islamic immigration. But liberals can no longer afford to be motivated by only political short-term goals expressed with the usual shouting, name-calling and emotion. This issue can really hurt liberal and progressive causes, as well as conservative causes.
Looking at the big picture of relocating populations, the first thing that comes to mind is that it should benefit and not hurt either the Muslim nations that are sending the immigrants out or Western nations that are absorbing the immigrants in.
If by absorbing large numbers of moderate Muslims from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan etc., are we really helping these nations to reform? The answer is no, and this is why.
Western governments are reassuring their alarmed citizens that they are vetting the Muslim immigrants and bringing in only the good and peace-loving Muslims, which is questionable, to say the least. Judging from past history, Western governments have failed in their vetting of Muslim immigrants and have allowed in many shady characters, jihadists, radicals, haters, Islamic groups and mosque leaders that are loyal to the jihadist agenda of the Muslim Brotherhood and other terror groups. It is good to remember the efficiency of our vetting process when ICE, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, sent an extension to the visa of one of the 9/11 terrorists about 6 months after 9/11/2001.
But let us assume that Western governments this time will succeed in vetting Muslim immigrants. The important questions we should also ask ourselves are:
1- If we keep taking in the so-called “moderate Muslims” from the Middle East and leave the terrorists and bad guys, who will be left to fight ISIS, Al Qaeda, the Muslim Brotherhood, Boko Haram or whatever the future name might be for the next Islamic terror group? Every time a terror group seem to be defeated, a new one much more radical and stronger pops up.
2- Who will lead the badly needed reform movement in Islam in the heart of the Middle East if most or all moderates move to the West?
3- Are we giving the wrong message to the Muslim world and showing them that we are serious about calling for an Islamic reformation if we keep rescuing those who might reform Islam? It seems that the more radical and tyrannical they become, the faster we come to the rescue. Are we rewarding bad behavior? It certainly seems so.
It is also good to ask, before we allow them in, if large numbers of Muslims immigrant will benefit the West?
That should not be difficult to answer, since we have 1400 years of history of Islamic conquest and immigration around the world. The one thing we must learn is that Muslims do not assimilate and are forbidden from doing that by Sharia. The political and social structure and culture of every country that absorbs large number of Muslims was challenged and changed. Muslims aim at changing the government of host countries rather than adjusting. If you do not believe that, please read the demands of any Muslim minority in a non-Muslim countries.
I have no doubt that many immigrants to the US from the Middle East, of whom I am one, both Muslim and Christian, have assimilated and positively contributed to America.
But unfortunately, it is a fact that a good portion of Muslim immigrants to the West have jihadist goals closely tied to the best interest of Jihadist Islam. Even if the original parents who moved to America were vetted as moderate, there are no guarantees that their children will not radicalize. All they need to do to get radicalized is read the Quran and follow the requirements of Sharia.
The West must also ask itself: what is the West rescuing Muslim refugees from? The honest answer would be from Islam itself as it is practiced today; from the political chaos caused by Sharia and the extreme poverty the Islamic system perpetuates, since Islam is mostly interested in jihadist expansion rather than improving quality of life.
Political Islam is in control of the Muslim world today and is expanding. There are about 49 to 50 majority Muslim countries around the world taking about 1/3 of the habitable land on Earth. Most Western nations that are absorbing a large number of Muslims are not reproducing; they have a low birth rate. Muslims are aware of this population imbalance in the West, and are taking full advantage of it as part of their jihad.
Western leadership and media are sympathetic to rescuing Muslims, but are obviously ignoring the fears of their own citizens — fears of losing Western values, freedoms and democracy to Islamic jihad, which is at war with and despises Western freedoms.
Last night, I was told by a Middle East source that ISIS is in fact encouraging and intentionally herding desperate refugees merged with ISIS infiltrators towards its Northwest borders to head to Europe, for the sole purpose of invading and overwhelming the West. Pushing Muslims to Europe will also takes the pressure off of ISIS and other Muslim countries, which would rather give their problems to the West to solve.
What the West does not understand is that Muslim governments are dependent on and in need of getting rid of their ever-expanding population to the West, in order to lift the pressure on them for reform, modernity and change. It is important to mention that modernity, change and novelty are rejected by name in Sharia. According to Islamic law, the number one duty of a Muslim head of state is to rule by Sharia, which rejects any novelty (meaning reform). Thus the message to Muslims who aspire for Western style reform and democracy is to go live in the West, because you are not getting reform or democracy inside any majority Muslim country.
What the West needs to know is that by constantly absorbing the moderate Muslim population that wants reform, the West is not doing the Islamic reformation movement a favor, but just the opposite; it is delaying any hope for a reformation when the West releases the pressure on Muslim governments by absorbing those who want change.
If the West is serious about helping bring about an Islamic reformation in the heart of Islam, it should do just the opposite of what its policy has been for the last decades. It should stop immigration from Muslim countries for at least until the West is able to figure what is in its best interests and also while Islamic jihadists are waging war on Western civilization.
Some journalists in the West have been criticizing Donald Trump for wanting to do just, and for saying what the gut feeling of most Americans is telling them. Prominent journalists are telling Trump that if we stop immigration from Muslim-majority countries, we will upset moderate governments and turn the moderates against us.
I believe that what will happen is just the opposite. This is one of the most important bargaining chips the West has, if not the number one, after US petrodollars. If we stop immigration from Muslim countries, both radical and moderate Muslim governments will learn to respect America more and will be ready for concessions, especially in regards to the hate and hostile education towards the West in all Muslim countries.
What Donald Trump is suggesting is probably the strongest message from the West, telling the Muslim world “you must change and reform and end the culture of jihad if you wish to join the rest of the world in peace and harmony.”
It is time for the West to cut off the lifeline that it is extending to the Muslim world without realizing and that is empowering radical Islamic jihad. It will need much awaited guts from the West. Muslim countries will not be uncooperative and hostile to the US as a result, but in fact they will start respecting our conditions and will move towards reform. The West needs strong leadership that will do just that.
AFDI Geller Fellow Nonie Darwish is the author “The Devil We Don’t Know” and president of “Former Muslims United,” a program of the American Freedom Defense Initiative.
Please Share & Help Wake America Up
https://creepingsharia.wordpress.com/2015/12/17/end-the-culture-of-jihad-if-you-wish-to-join-the-rest-of-the-world-in-peace-and-harmony/
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The ObserverBooks
Can you tell your omphalos from your equinoctial?
Stephanie Merritt
The gloomy prophecy by Alan Wells of the Government's Basic Skills Agency that children's vocabularies and communications skills are being dramatically cauterised by text messaging, television, PlayStations and working parents who don't talk to them has potentially devastating consequences, not only for the affected generation's social and intellectual life, but for the future of English letters.
As both a concerned parent (my son's vocabulary is presently confined to 'Eeyore', 'duck' and 'moo', for which I can now blame my working hours) and writer, I have been anxiously seeking possible counter-measures, not least because the future of the staple Christmas game Balderdash! is also in jeopardy. For those who don't know, this is a board game which adopts broadly similar principles to the much-loved quiz show Call My Bluff , in which Frank Muir, Alan Coren and assorted guest wits would present the opposing team with an obscure word - cunctator, for example, or refocillate, or fartlek - and three plausible variant definitions, of which only one is true.
There is also a less clearly-structured pub version of this game, in which you fling difficult words back and forth at your opponent and if they can't provide an acceptable definition it's their round, although in this version you're allowed to follow a fine old literary tradition stretching from Shakespeare to Dave Eggers and make words up.
As Melvyn Bragg's recent ITV series, The Adventure of English, demonstrated, we are lucky to have an extraordinarily rich language that has grown over centuries from numerous roots and is constantly evolving. It used to be that panellists on Call My Bluff could take an educated guess at the meaning of a word by working out its etymology - whether its root was obviously Latin or Greek, what its derivatives might be - but now it would seem that, for younger generations, this kind of linguistic knowledge is becoming as endangered as vowels.
Fortunately, not everyone's outlook on the future of English is quite so dismal. Since 1994, the website A Word a Day (www.wordsmith.org) has been posting curious and arcane words daily, together with clear definitions, etymology and working examples of how to slip them into conversation. The site, founded by Indian-born Anu Garg, whose name is disappointingly not an anagram but should be, now has more than 525,000 subscribers worldwide and has been featured in publications from the Wall Street Journal and Wired to newspapers and magazines in India, South Africa, Belgium, Japan and Canada. In the US, some English teachers make it a required subscription for their students (the site is free to access and a new word is emailed each morning).
Garg grew up in northern India as a Hindi-speaker and began learning English at the age of 11. By the time he was in his teens, he claims he used to read the dictionary for fun, which makes you wonder what he must have suffered at school; for most adolescents, displaying an extensive knowledge of long words is a sure way to get yourself beaten up, which may also be a contributing factor in the widespread growth of teenage grunting.
The accompanying book, A Word a Day: A Romp Through Some of the Most Unusual and Intriguing Words in English (John Wiley & Sons £11.50) has been a number one bestseller on Amazon.com and the subject of surprisingly emotive feedback by hundreds of linguaphiles on the website ('Your story brought tears to my eyes. What a tribute to the human spirit,' wrote one woman). By definition, though, the book has to limit its scope and serves best as a teaser for the online version. Words are grouped thematically, though British readers may find the indefatigably jaunty hilarity of the contextual examples a little too American to stomach in large doses.
The daily subscription is a much better bet, and a trawl through the site's archive yields all kinds of delights - not just scholarly words but definitions of the precise difference between gerrymandering and filibustering, or the origins of humble pie.
Fun though it is, there is something clinical about discovering words in this disembodied way. The best way to learn any language is to see it naturally at work and for me one of the most impressive vocabularies at work in contemporary writing is in the poetry and prose of Iain Sinclair. He is one of the increasingly rare modern writers who needs to be read with a dictionary to hand, but without ever being deliberately forbidding.
London Orbital (Granta) offers equinoctial, omphalos and coprolite in the first few chapters, but he also, in common with writers such as A.L. Kennedy, demonstrates the truth that good writing is as much about using familiar words unexpectedly as levering in deliberately clever ones.
· Join the World of Books online debate at www.observer.co.uk/review
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Clinton rules out 2020 presidential run
Washington: Former US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has said that she won’t run for President in 2020 but will continue to speak out about politics, saying, “I’m not going anywhere”.
“I’m not running, but I’m going to keep on working and speaking and standing up for what I believe,” CNN quoted 2016 Democratic presidential nominee as saying in a TV interview on Monday.
“I want to be sure that people understand I’m going to keep speaking out. I’m not going anywhere.”
When asked if she would consider running for governor, mayor or any elected office again, Clinton said: “I don’t think so,” adding that she loves living in New York and is grateful for the time she spent as Senator of the state.
Clinton’s comments ended speculation that she was considering a 2020 bid.
The former First Lady has said she is not running for President a number of times before.
In an interview with Recode magazine last October, Clinton said she didn’t intend to run in 2020.
Clinton also told CBS News in September 2017 that she was “done with being a candidate”.
China on Monday kept mum on Pakistan Foreign Minister Shah Mohammad Qureshi’s claim that Beijing plans to send a special envoy to Pakistan and India to ease tensions following the Pulwama attack, but said the two countries can resolve their differences through friendly negotiations.
Pak allocates Rs 75 mn for construction of cremation grounds, graveyards for Hindus, Christians
Trump impeached, again; may never be able to run for president
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Perils of historical amnesia: on Article 35A
The irony of today’s India is that while our politics is looking towards our history more often than ever before, we are also becoming comfortable with its constant manipulation. The controversial Article 35A of the Constitution, which is currently being challenged in the Supreme Court, is a case in point. Its critics have argued that the Article affords Jammu and Kashmir undue powers, particularly by preventing non-State residents to own land in the State. The media has largely gone along with this explanation, often portraying the debate as a question of “special status” of Jammu and Kashmir and the Article as some sort of unusual concession to the State. In fact, the fundamental purpose of Article 35A, when it was introduced in 1954 as part of a Presidential Order, was the exact opposite: instead of giving the state a “special status”, it was designed to take autonomy away from it.
The Article was introduced in May 1954 as part of a larger Presidential Order package, which made several additions to the Constitution (not just Article 35A). The overall gist of this Order was to give the Government of India enormously more powers over the State than it had enjoyed before. For the first time, India’s fundamental rights and directive principles were applicable to Jammu and Kashmir and the State’s finances were integrated with India. Importantly, the Order also extended the Indian Supreme Court’s jurisdiction over certain aspects of Jammu and Kashmir.
Just as crucially, the Order had come about only after the Jammu and Kashmir government had agreed to it and passed a similar legislation in its own Constituent Assembly, making it clear that these powers were Jammu and Kashmir’s to give, not India’s to take. In fact, at the time of its introduction, the Order was celebrated in India as a great step towards bringing Jammu and Kashmir closer into the Union of India. Even the Hindu right-wing leaders had hailed it as a “commendable step”. No eyebrows were raised over the minor issue of Article 35A, which made up a very small component of the Order.
Of course, the larger problem is that after decades of confusion and purposeful obfuscation, we tend to forget that initially Kashmir was conceived as a State with “special status”. The controversial Instrument of Accession signed by Maharaja Hari Singh in 1947 which brought the State into the Union of India gave New Delhi control only over Kashmir’s defence, foreign policy and communications. On all other matters, the State government retained powers. On the spectrum of autonomy, Jammu and Kashmir lay somewhere between, say, Bihar, a fully integrated State of India, and Bhutan, which enjoyed limited sovereignty under the protection of India. India’s tenuous grasp over Jammu and Kashmir was further complicated by New Delhi’s international commitment to hold a plebiscite in the State to decide its eventual fate.
It is because of this weak India-Kashmir constitutional link that Sheikh Abdullah became “Prime Minister” of Kashmir; the State had its own Constituent Assembly and flag; there were customs checks between India and the State; the Supreme Court did not have jurisdiction over key issues in the State; Kashmir militia was constituted as a separate force; and Srinagar tried to send its own trade commissioners to foreign countries. With the coming into effect of the Indian Constitution in January 1950, New Delhi’s powers over Jammu and Kashmir were defined more clearly through a Presidential Order (a predecessor of 1954 Order). However, just in the areas of defence, foreign affairs and communications was Jammu and Kashmir put on the same footing as the rest of India. On issues of commerce, audit, judiciary, elections and finance, there were considerable modifications. India’s fundamental rights and directive principles were not applicable in Jammu and Kashmir at all.
Only in 1952, after the international clamour for an immediate plebiscite had somewhat subsided, did Jawaharlal Nehru invite Abdullah to discuss how India and Jammu and Kashmir could be more closely integrated. The result was the 1952 Delhi Agreement which, contrary to popular belief, still fell short of the 1954 Presidential Order. For instance, the 1952 agreement did not finalise financial integration and required the fundamental rights and citizenship to be granted to the State’s residents via the State Legislature.
Before the Delhi Agreement could be implemented, the situation was altered radically because of three factors. First, any plans for an immediate Plebiscite were abandoned in 1954, which strengthened New Delhi’s hand. Second, in 1953, Nehru faced a nationwide campaign from the Hindu right-wing demanding greater integration of Kashmir. And finally, and perhaps most importantly, in August 1953, Abdullah was arrested and replaced by BakshiGhulam Mohammed, who was far more amenable to integration with India.
So, in January 1954, New Delhi negotiated a new agreement with Bakshi, which was passed by the Kashmir Constituent Assembly in February, and eventually introduced through Presidential Order in May. However, it still left the State with enormous autonomy. Foremost, all “residuary powers” rested with the State legislature. The State government could detain people who did not enjoy the right to appeal to the Supreme Court. It also retained its controversial land reforms measures and the final authority over any alteration of the State’s boundaries. Among its lesser known provisions at the time was Article 35A, a holdover from the colonial era.
It took another 70 years of successive governments steadily chipping away at Jammu and Kashmir’s autonomy to bring it to today, when the only meaningful “special status” that it enjoys is Article 35A. Almost all of State’s other autonomous powers have been subsumed by New Delhi. Today’s debate over the Article should be seen as part of this larger decades-long process of the State’s integration into India, sometimes through legal means and sometimes through outright fiat.
To be sure, the whole project of federal nation-building requires constant negotiation between the nation state and its components. Arguably, India’s efforts to bring Kashmir into its fold can be told as part of such a story. However, such efforts need to have an underpinning of at least some kind transparent democratic process. Should Article 35A be removed, it must be removed as an expression of the will of the people, through a political process which includes the people of Jammu and Kashmir in the discussion. Or, in the very least, it has to be remembered that the Article is not some special concession to Jammu and Kashmir but the last vestige of a broken promise that India had made to it decades ago.
(The Hindu)
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Lauren Underwood sworn in as youngest ever black woman in Congress
Three new Illinois Democrats were sworn into Congress on Thursday, capping a blue wave that helped the party win the U.S. House and taking their seats amid ongoing partisan wars over President Donald Trump, his policies and a federal government shutdown that has halted services across the country.
Registered nurse Lauren Underwood, 32, of Naperville, became the youngest black woman in U.S. history to serve in the House when lawmakers took the oath Thursday afternoon. Clean-energy entrepreneur Sean Casten of Downers Grove, another political newcomer holding elected office for the first time, joined her in representing vast swaths of suburban territory in Chicago’s collar counties long held by Republicans. And Jesus “Chuy” Garcia of Chicago replaced longtime Democratic U.S. Rep. Luis Gutierrez, who was vocal on immigration issues.
All three voted to elect Nancy Pelosi as Speaker of the House. U.S. Rep. Cheri Bustos of East Moline, the new leader of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, received four protest votes for speaker, and U.S. Sen. Tammy Duckworth of Hoffman Estates received two.
Bustos said the votes weren’t laying a foundation for future moves. Those who voted for her likely have “politics that align with mine,” she said.
Now, Illinois Democrats have 13 members in the House, a key advantage with only one election left before the state could lose at least one of its 18 congressional seats because of population loss after the 2020 census.
Underwood attended a first day of the new Congress gathering hosted by the Congressional Black Caucus on Thursday morning at a theater near the Capitol and teared up during the playing of the black national anthem. New House members from across the country began arriving on Capitol Hill under gray skies as their family members, friends and curious tour groups looked on under heavy police presence.
The new class of Congress “is what I always hoped the United States Congress could always look like,” Underwood said. “Diversity of thought, geographic diversity, age, race, gender, life experience are all great things that we each bring to this Congress of the United States, and I’m really proud to be part of a caucus where I’m not ‘the only.’ ”
Underwood said she has already authored two provisions in the House rules package, one that would prevent the use of nondisclosure agreements for congressional staff prohibiting them from reporting sexual abuse, harassment or discrimination to ethics boards and the other banning sexual relationships between members of Congress and committee staff.
“I have a two-year opportunity to make a real difference and represent the people of the 14th, and they have placed their faith in me,” Underwood said. “They’ve given us a chance. I have to prove myself, and we will, beginning on day one, where I’m leading an effort to reform this government.”
About 15 minutes before the noon start of the House’s session, Underwood met briefly with supporters in her new congressional office across the street from the Capitol, thanking them. Then she briskly walked down the halls of the Longworth office building and down the steps toward Independence Avenue, where strangers greeted her and offered congratulations.
On her way to the Capitol, Underwood posed for photos with her first campaign manager, Sarah Feldmann, as well as incoming U.S. Rep. Elissa Slotkin of Michigan, using the dome as a backdrop. As she neared the entrance to the House, a horde of television and video reporters swarmed her, shouting questions.
“Are you excited to make history?” one reporter said.
“A moment in history,” Underwood responded.
Inside the House chamber, Underwood greeted fellow new and also veteran House members with hugs and handshakes, eventually making her way to her sixth-row seat. She took her spot two seats away from Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, the youngest woman ever in the House.
Casten, settling into his new office Thursday morning while greeting friends and well-wishers, focused much of his campaign on criticism of President Donald Trump and said before the swearing-in ceremony that House Democrats will provide renewed oversight of the White House.
“The Mueller investigation is going to go forward and what’s terrific is that we’re going to have people like Adam Schiff (D-Calif.) running (the) intelligence (committee), and we’re going to be doing the kind of oversight that we all take an oath to the Constitution to do,” Casten said. “Not for partisan reasons, but because the Constitution matters. If we always put the good of the country and the good of the Constitution first, we’ll follow that thread where it lies. Every time the president opposes that path, it makes it look more and more like he’s trying to hide something. I’m not saying I know he’s guilty, I’m saying I wish he’d stop acting like a guilty man.”
Before Pelosi took the oath of office as speaker, she invited the children in attendance to join her on the dais for the moment. Casten took photos and video with his cellphone when his daughters joined the other children at the front of the chambers.
Meanwhile, Jose Garcia, a longtime friend of incoming U.S. Rep. Chuy Garcia, wore a button celebrating his pal’s new position as he strolled outside the Capitol a few hours before the new Congress was to be sworn in.
“Chuy was made for this,” Garcia said. “He’s always based his career on common-sense solutions, and this was just the natural progression for him. His career led him to this moment.”
Republicans, though, control the Senate and the White House, so Democrats won’t have an easy road ahead despite their Thursday celebrations.
“We’re always hopeful, but we know it’s going to be a struggle,” Jose Garcia said.
For the freshmen, the early days of their congressional careers are packed with training and administrative work, like setting up offices. Underwood on Wednesday tweeted about taking her first constituent call. Politics will always be nearby, though. Casten tweeted about a story on U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren’s presidential campaign, and Garcia on Wednesday endorsed a Chicago City Council opponent of the powerful Ald. Ed Burke, who was charged with attempted extortion Thursday.
Nancy Pelosi elected speaker of the House, sees ‘new dawn’ for 116th Congress
Garcia won his 4th Congressional District race in November without much drama, after he emerged from a contested March primary in which Gutierrez endorsed him. He goes to the House four years after taking Mayor Rahm Emanuel to a runoff and declining to run for mayor this year.
Casten defeated Republican U.S. Rep. Peter Roskam of Wheaton, whose congressional career included a stint on then-House Speaker John Boehner’s leadership team and work on the Republican tax overhaul of 2017.
And Underwood overcame Republican U.S. Rep. Randy Hultgren of Plano, a low-key conservative who represented the 14th District since 2011.
Neither Roskam nor Hultgren has held many public appearances since the November midterms nor have they responded to requests for interviews.
Chicago Tribune’s Stacey Wescott contributed.
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It's estimated that 80% of people with hepatitis C aren't aware they have it. World Heptatitis Day is aimed at raising awareness of the problem...
Dr Joe Grove, Birmingham University
Part of the show Science Questions and Answers
WHD_logo2009fin.gif
http://www.aminumber12.org/
Chris Smith - Now it might surprise you to know that around the world about one person in every 12 is actually living with a chronic infection of their liver, usually hepatitis C or hepatitis B, and those numbers totally overwhelm the numbers of people with pandemics that we are well acquainted with, things like HIV and flu. Not many people actually know about the massive disease burden that's caused by these infectious causes of hepatitis and so to try and remedy this on the 19th May what has been set up is being called World Hepatitis Day and all over the world people will be gathering to try and run events to raise awareness of this. At the University of Birmingham researchers including Dr. Joe Grove will be doing just that and he is with us now to explain a bit about what they are trying to achieve. Hello Joe.
Joe Grove - Hi Chris.
Chris Smith - Welcome to the Naked Scientists. So tell us what you are actually hoping to achieve with the World Hepatitis Day.
Joe Grove - Okay, so like you said World Hepatitis Day would be a lot like World AIDS Day, to raise national awareness of the problem and we are holding an event to highlight the interesting scientific and clinical work that's done here in Birmingham. The aim of the event is to raise awareness with the public and hopefully reach out to people to get tested. Also to engage with the patient community that's in the U.K. and to highlight the important work that's done at the University.
Chris Smith - What will you be doing during the day to tell people a bit about hepatitis B and hepatitis C?
Joe Grove - So we have a couple of MPs, Dr Lynn Jones who is our local constituency MP and Dr Brian Iddon who is a member of All-Party Hepatology Groups. They decide liver policy in parliament. They will be coming down. Also representatives from the local press and the local community and the patient community. We will be giving them a series of talks to outline the scientific research we do here on hepatitis C specifically but also the work that's done to treat both hepatitis B and C in Birmingham and the clinical research such as clinical trials that are carried out here. And then we will be giving them a tour of the laboratories and also the clinical research facility in the hospital.
Chris Smith - So let's just look at the actual disease that these agents cause and why you need to raise awareness about them. What are hepatitis B and C and why are they a problem?
Joe Grove - Hepatitis simply means an inflammation of the liver and if you had acute hepatitis, that is a short hepatitis, that's not necessarily a problem. Viruses like hepatitis A or E cause acute hepatitis that self-resolve. Hepatitis B and C are capable of establishing a persistent infection. So individuals may be infected for the duration of their life. Now this becomes a particular problem because if you have hepatitis over this extended period of time you will start to get other symptoms such as liver cirrhosis and possibly even liver cancer. In the case of hepatitis C there are up to 500,000 people in the U.K. with an infection but 80% of those do not know about it.
Chris Smith - So that makes it a major issue because if they don't know it they can pass it on because these are of course blood-borne viruses. You spread them by sharing blood, sharing needles, having sex with people. So people, if they don't know they've got it can pass them on. So I guess raising awareness about them in the general population is very important because that encourages people to get tested.
Joe Grove - Yes, of course and also there are actually treatments. It is possible to treat hepatitis C and you have a reasonably good outcome of treatment. We have around 50% of patients resolving. However, people often don't seek medical attention until the disease has become particularly apparent and by which stage it is harder to treat. So if there is anyone out there who are worried that they may have been exposed, they should get tested and then they got a much better chance of getting a resolution to the illness.
Chris Smith - Thank you very much Joe. That was Dr. Joe Grove who is a researcher at Birmingham University and he is hosting what will be Birmingham's contribution to World Hepatitis Day on Tuesday - the 19th May 2009. Their events are actually on Monday 18th, so that's tomorrow. So thank you very much Joe Grove for joining us on this week's Naked Scientists.
Previous This Week in Science History - The Death of Eduard Bruckner
Next Tech Update - E-Books and E-Readers
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NY Times Urges Congress to Ditch Subsidies to Big Oil
by Lowell F., on 1/9/12 7:10 AM
In a recent editorial, the New York Times makes the same argument we've also been making for a long time now, that "Congress should end the subsidies to Big Oil and redeploy the money saved to support truly new energy technologies, like wind and solar power..." Why? According to the Times, because they are "arcane and unnecessary," costing taxpayers " roughly $4 billion a year."
We'd add that these subsidies continue, even though Big Oil's raking in enormous profits on $100 per barrel oil prices. In the third quarter of 2011, for instance, the five largest U.S. oil companies made $33 billion in profits. This comes on top of huge profits in the 1st and 2nd quarters, and means that "BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, and Royal Dutch Shell made a combined $101 billion in profits during the first nine months of 2011." What are they doing with this money?
...four of the companies are using an average of one-third of their profits to buy back their own stock. That enriches their shareholders but it doesn’t add to oil supplies or investments in alternative fuels or other new technologies.
That's right, these super-wealthy companies are using taxpayer money to further enrich themselves, including through buying back their own stock. Does that make any sense at all? The New York Times certainly doesn't think so, and neither do we.
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The Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami unveils its new permanent space next week
Posted: Tuesday November 21 2017, 11:41 AM
Moving into your first home is a big deal. And if you’re one of the city’s top art destinations—a museum that has been diligently building a state-of-the-art three-story facility for more than two years—it’s an occasion to celebrate. On December 1, the Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami, which was temporarily housed inside the Moore Building since opening in 2014, debuts its extraordinary new museum, a showpiece in itself in the center of the Miami Design District. Known for breaking fresh talent and giving primary museum exposure to under-recognized artists, ICA Miami has set the stage for its share of firsts in the neighborhood. Ready to go inside? Director Ellen Salpeter gave us a special glimpse of what visitors can expect.
“The Everywhere Studio”
This thematic group show (Dec 1–Feb 28), featuring 100-plus works from more than 50 artists (including Pablo Picasso and Roy Lichtenstein), explores the influence that personal settings have on how artists work and what they produce, which is often a response to larger political and economic factors.
Docents lead free tours throughout the galleries, while scholars and artists host lectures and film nights.
The museum opens with works from two Miami-based artists: Mark Handforth, whose sculptures will be on view in the garden, and Haitian artist Tomm El-Saieh, whose show of abstract work will be on display in the emerging gallery on the ground floor.
ICA Miami was designed on the concept of flexible space, wherein walls and structural elements can be easily shifted to allow for different types of programming—meaning dance performances will be in the gallery, not in a formal proscenium theater.
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Columns >
How Mona Lisa paid back the debt of Leonardo da Vinci’s love
Akrita Reyar | Chief Editor (Digital)
What was the mysterious attachment between Leonardo da Vinci and his most famous creation - Mona Lisa; and what was he trying to limn through her.
Leonardo da Vinci (L); His creation, Mona Lisa (R) |  Photo Credit: Twitter
The stylus of many an author has flown to unravel the fine complexity of human relationships. The most popular reads so far have been about affairs between mortals, and yet a lot remains to be defined and discovered in the sphere. In this web of literature and lexis, silently awaits a story untold. Not of two human beings, but between the most significant name of the Renaissance era, Leonardo da Vinci, and his exceptional painting Mona Lisa.
Leonardo da Vinci was a unique child from the start. Born out of wedlock and with quaint tastes, he was kept away from refined learning by unsympathetic societal mores. The curse of the lack of proper education turned out to be a boon for this chosen one, Leonardo escaped believing what was written in the books. What he did learn was to dream. Of aeroplanes, army tanks, calculators, surgical devices, transmission waves, hydraulic pumps, bridges, steam cannons, helicopters, methods of capturing solar power and much much more which was yet to be discovered, invented and most importantly believed as possible.
His early years, in the small Tuscan hamlet of Anchiano, that were spent in the lap of nature helped in blossoming in him, the traits of sensitivity and wonder. Taken as an apprentice in one of the most famous studios of Florence, Leonardo also developed a deep interest in art. Thereafter began his fascinating journey into the real world. He visited several cities in Italy and grew in fame very soon. He dabbled in not just painting, but in the study of anatomy, sculpting, writing, architecture, mathematics, geology, engineering, music, botany, optics, hydro-dynamics and many other subjects. A little known fact is that Vinci was also a profound philosopher. It is to the exceptional talent of this multi-faceted genius that he excelled in each field that he picked.
It was in Florence in 1503, nearly at the age of 51, that he first began to sketch Mona Lisa. She is said to be modelled after the Lisa del Giocondo, wife of a rich Florentine merchant. Just 77x53 cms, much smaller than what she appears in pictures, he breathed life into her using oil paint on wood. The painting is not just exquisite but has several unique features. The blurred effect known as Leonardo’s sfumato is most visible around her eyes and mouth.
Unlike the strong strokes that were au courant in those days, Vinci chose to create a smoky effect through soft and heavy shading and by using his fingers. It is because of the shadow around the ends of her lips that one cannot discern her exact mood and gather whether she is smiling or brooding. Mostly, what mesmerizes is her enigmatic smile teasing viewers about the secret she holds behind the pursed lips.
Apparently, the lady was sitting in front of a mountainous landscape, but on closer inspection, one finds that the left and right backgrounds are strikingly different in proportions. The left side is lower than the right, and so Mona Lisa looks taller on the left surface. There are many stories about how long it took Leonardo to finish her. According to one theory, she was completed in three years, as per another he worked on the painting for four years and then took a break. He is believed to have then continued to mull over and add touches to her here and there, and really perfected the piece a little before his death in 1519.
Whatever may have been the duration, one thing is for sure that Vinci refused to part with her; sidelining even the claims of Francisco Giocondo, who had commissioned the painting in the first place. Leonardo cared for her like for no other in real flesh and blood. He slept with her by his side, embraced her in lonely moments, spoke to her of his innermost feelings; simply never letting her out of his sight. When he moved to other cities, he would leave behind a lot, but never Mona Lisa. On his carriage, she was always seated beside him properly wrapped.
What was it then, which bound a man of senses to such a deep extent with his inanimate creation? There have been many theories; some made famous by the book ‘Da Vinci Code’. It is possible that he was trying to limn answers from some deep spiritual experience. He may have unravelled the mystery of divinity that he wished to express through her perceived dual and combined image of the male and female.
Others feel the answer is more basic. It is still unclear whether she is a woman at all. Mona Lisa may be a combination of the male and female aspects of a human being, and thus indicative of Vinci’s own sexuality. Or she may actually be a man painted in the garb of a lady’s dress of those days. There are also theories that Vinci’s self-portrait is beneath her image, especially as their physical dimensions matched. Else, she may possibly be unique assimilation of several paintings he created and then combined into her shape.
The point is whether he was truly trying to communicate some secret message through her. There is no definitive answer and the mystique surrounding her remains intact. On the flip side, to understand Mona Lisa’s relationship with Leonardo, one must understand that his life was not without controversy. Unconventionality was a norm with him. His unorthodox approach did not suit many and his unqualified success made him the target of many envious eyes. His uncommon sexuality became an easy target. Early in his life, in 1476, he and his friends were put to trial, many believe inappropriately, for sodomy; but escaped punishment due to his influential connections. Leonardo at that time had left Florence and was to return back only much later.
In Milan, where he lived in 1482-99, he came up with different types of weaponry for warfare, despite his gentle temperament, for the dreaded Duke Ludovico Sforza. It was here that he undertook his bizarre trips to graveyards to study human anatomy and organs and began probably some of the first attempts at surgery. Many in the Catholic bastille could not swallow his eminence and conspired for him to be declared anti-Church and a heretic. Then there were other artists, like Michelangelo, who were not free from jealousy of Vinci’s unparalleled faculties and were glad of him quitting Italy and moving to France. It was after his death that his opponents got the better of him, as they tried to wipe traces of his formidable and colossal work. Many of his great pieces were lost and a misty fog enveloped his entity for a long period of time.
It was in such times when Leonardo’s contribution and brilliance were draped in fogginess that Mona Lisa came to the rescue. The painting, which is believed to have been lost for several years, may have through Vinci’s assistants come into the hands of the French King and later Napoleon. Later in the 19th century, when art connoisseurs began to genuinely and greatly appreciate the masterpiece that it sparked an elaborate hunt for the hand whose deft strokes had created such a beauty. So, truly, it was Mona Lisa who led them to Leonardo da Vinci.
Years of research and the final discovery of Leonardo’s notebook, penned in his inflected handwriting, shed light on the existence of the man, who is considered till date the most versatile and uniquely gifted individual ever to be born on the planet. Mona Lisa considered the prototype of all Renaissance works, became the most famous painting of the world and her rising star ensured the resurrection of the man, who had created her and loved her the most.
A few hundred years after she was born, she paid back, in full, the debt to her creator. Mona Lisa was Leonardo’s life as long as he breathed; and she ensured that he will stay alive in books, as a subject of studies, in history and imprinted on human imagination, as one of the greater talents ever to have been born, as long as she exists.
(May 02, 2019 was the 500th death anniversary of Leonardo da Vinci)
HC verdict on Special Marriage Act was long overdue
Joe Biden should learn from Donald Trump on China
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Know how Dhruv compelled Lord Vishnu to appear before him and how he became Dhruva Tara
At a time when Mother Earth was pained due to the atrocities committed by the human race, Dhruva's sincere devotion for Vishnu, gave her a new hope. Read on to know how Dhruva made Vishnu visit the Earth.
Know how Dhruva became Dhruva Tara with Vishnu's blessings
Dharti Maa (Mother Earth) was left spellbound after seeing five-year-old Dhruva's devotion towards Lord Vishnu. His innocence and selflessness helped her heal when she was dismayed by the cruel face of the human race, and therefore Dhruva gave her hope. She was relieved about the fact that people like Dhruva exist and that they shall turn out to be a boon to creation. Unlike other people, who often have a motive behind devotion, Dhruva wanted an answer to his question. And to seek a reply from Lord Vishnu, he did severe penance by giving up food and water for six months.
The little boy continued to do Tapasya even after opposing forces including Indra Dev, attempted to disrupt his Sadhana. But Dhruva was so determined to do the Tapasya irrespective of what the circumstances were, that he succeeded in making Lord Vishnu visit the earth. He went on to hold his breath subconsciously in a bid to intensify his penance.
Therefore, even the Lord, who doesn't believe in prejudice, was moved by Dhruva's sincere devotion. Thus, when the Lord made his presence felt, Dhruva was left speechless. The little boy's mouth was left wide open. And he was in a state of trance for a while. And finally, when the Lord asked him to speak up, the child regained consciousness. In fact, Lord Vishnu had to gently touch Dhruva's cheek to make him speak.
Know how 5-year-old Dhruva's devotion mesmerised Goddess Lakshmi and Narada Muni
Who is Dhruv, the grandchild of Manu and Shatrupa, what did he do and why is he mentioned in the Vishnu Puran?
And when Dhruva realised that his Tapasya has yielded fruits, he asked Shri Vishnu to answer his question. He wondered why he cannot sit on his father's lap. And after hearing such an innocent question from the little boy, Lord Vishnu asked Dhruva to sit on his lap. Subsequently, Dhruva forgot the rest of his problems. And when the Lord lovingly touched Dhruva's head, the little boy regained health. The scars on his body disappeared, and he looked healthier.
Eventually, Dhruva spontaneously chanted the Stuti in praise of Lord Vishnu, and by doing so, conquered the Lord's heart. And as a token of appreciation, the Lord said that Dhruva shall continue to exist in the form of a Nakshatra (tara) even after his journey on earth comes to an end.
Thus, the Lord blessed his ardent devotee with the power of being immortal as an immovable Nakshatra, that we now call the Pole Star.
And before returning to his abode, Lord Vishnu imparted essential life lessons to the little boy, so that he could do all his duties and set an example for generations to come.
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Pick, purchase and program your first industrial robot
Robots aren’t always given a favourable representation in pop culture. In Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), homicidal supercomputer HAL 9000 demonstrates how a robot could conspire against its human colleagues. Thankfully, industrial robots aren’t quite as menacing. Here, Nigel Smith, managing director of Toshiba Machine distributor, TM Robotics, gives advice to manufacturers to make their first robotic investment.
Pop culture aside, robots don’t disappoint. After their first industrial robot installation, manufacturers come back to TM Robotics time and time again to add further automation to their factories. Given that robots boost productivity, profitability and quality, it’s no surprise they are rife. In fact, it is estimated three million industrial robots will be in use globally by 2020, according to the International Federation of Robotics (IFR).
Unfortunately, small-to-medium sized manufacturers are often unwilling to invest in their very first robot — after all, they are hardly inexpensive. Thankfully, taking the automation plunge doesn’t have to be a worrisome process.
Choosing your machine
First things first, what do you want your robot to do? The desired application will determine which kind of robot is required. A SCARA robot, for instance, would be most suited for compact pick-and-place operations; whereas palletising applications may require a 6-axis machine that boasts a heavy payload.
That said, several factors should be contemplated beyond robot type. They include the operation, payload, number of axes, reach, accuracy, cycle time, inertia. The Ingress Protection (IP) rating should also be taken into account, a metric used to define the sealing effectiveness of electrical enclosures against foreign bodies like dirt and moisture. Careful calculation of these nine parameters should be the first step of any robot investment.
It may be time consuming but collecting this data accurately will streamline your search for the best machine. This approach is preferable to relying on estimations, which can have disastrous results. A common mistake is failing to take end-of-arm-tooling (EOAT) into the equation when determining a robot’s payload. Grippers, drills and soldering equipment can add significant weight to a robot, with the potential to push the load over the machine’s maximum lifting capacity. Suddenly, poor calculations mean that you’re left with a machine that is too feeble to fulfil its role.
Similarly, budgets shouldn’t be estimated. Robot investments often go far beyond the initial price tag. As well as the purchasing cost, factories may need to create a segregated work cell or buy additional power units before a robot can be deployed. Not to mention variable expenditures — such as labour, energy, materials and ongoing maintenance — that are required to operate the robot long-term.
In fact, when investigating the true cost of robotics, TM Robotics found that, according to a report by the Boston Consulting Group, manufacturers should budget for three-times the robot’s price tag.
Don’t be afraid to ask for guidance when determining the cost and nine parameter requirements of your robot. Robot suppliers aren’t like the used car salesmen of the automation world — and any that behave in such a way should be actively avoided.
Programming your robot
Parting with your cash isn’t necessarily the most daunting part of a robot investment, however. Instead, a common objection from manufacturers is unfamiliarity with programming languages. While installing a robot usually isn’t as simple as plug-and-play, most don’t require a huge amount of programming knowledge, either.
Powerful but simple simulation tools with offline programming function can be beneficial. However, it is also vital to decide who will be responsible for maintaining the robot and ensuring they are trained. Opting for an easy-to-program robot software, like that provided by TM Robotics, the end user can benefit from extensive training to ensure that robot programming and control is simple, even for engineers embarking on their first industrial robot project.
Combined with a teach pendant —a control box for programming the motions of a robot— completing routine maintenance and adjustment becomes a pain free process. In fact, over 90 per cent of robots use these tools. For technicians and engineers, this makes them an unintimidating piece of tech.
Kubrick’s representation of a malicious robot in 2001: A Space Odyssey may not be entirely accurate in today’s manufacturing world. And, fortunately, your first robot purchase doesn’t have to be quite so intimidating.
Want more advice on making your first robotic purchase? Contact the team at TM Robotics on info@tmrobotics.com for a no obligation discussion. Alternatively, visit www.tmrobotics.com.
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Here's where all of the engagement rings from failed 'Bachelor' relationships end up
One former winner is sharing the behind-the-scenes scoop.
Hannah Brown accepts Jed Wyatt's proposal during the season 15 finale of "The Bachelorette."Mark Bourdillion / ABC via Getty Images
By Ronnie Koenig
Diamonds may last forever, but sadly not all relationships do — especially on "The Bachelor."
In the history of the long-running ABC reality show, only three of the final couples have gotten married (though even more marriages have come out of the spin-off show "Bachelor in Paradise"). So what happens to those gorgeous Neil Lane diamond engagement rings that the contestants propose with?
According to former "Bachelor" winner and "Bachelorette" star Becca Kufrin, there's a "ring graveyard" where producers store the rings from broken relationships
https://www.instagram.com/p/BRm81u6hPhk
Kufrin revealed the behind-the-scenes tidbit on the "Bachelor Party" podcast earlier this week.
"I will say there is a ring graveyard," she explained on the Dec. 12 episode. "They get to keep them all locked away, hidden from everyone — all the scorned rings."
It's not too surprising the contestants don't get to keep the jewels — the custom-designed rings can be valued at up to $100,000.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BC-8siYM3bk
Kufrin, who got engaged to "Bachelor" Arie Luyendyk Jr. on the season 22 finale, received a Neil Lane diamond ring and a rose, but returned the rock to Luyendyk when he famously dumped her on-camera in one of the show's most cringe-worthy episodes.
And while Kufrin said that she returned the ring because she didn't want a "pity diamond," it's been highly publicized that the show's contract stipulates that if a couple is not together a couple of years after the finale, the ring must be returned to the show.
Kufrin had a second chance at love when she returned as "The Bachelorette" and gave her final rose to medical sales rep Garrett Yrigoyen, who proposed to her on a trip to the Maldives with, yep, another Neil Lane sparkler.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BmKtRyhBWun
Here's hoping this one stays far away from the "graveyard."
Ronnie Koenig
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Top 10 Countries Where Government Beg Citizens to Have More S*x
Madagascar’s Herbal Medicine That Cures Coronavirus Sent To Nigeria
Posted by Thandiubani on Mon 11th May, 2020 - tori.ng
A herbal medicine that cures coronavirus and produced by Madagascar has been sent to Nigeria.
Herbal medicine that cures coronavirus sent to Nigeria
Nigeria will soon receive Republic of Madagascar's herbal medicine that cures coronavirus.
Nigeria is among other African countries to receive consignment sent to Equatorial Guinea from where it will be airlifted to Abuja.
For ease of transportation, African countries were divided into zones leading to the freighting of Nigeria’s consignments to Equatorial Guinea.
Nigeria’s COVID-19 positive tally moved to 4,399 last night with 248 new cases announced by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC).
Lagos recorded 81 cases, followed by Jigawa State 35 and Borno 26 cases to top the chart. Kano recorded 26 cases, followed by Bauchi with 20 cases.
There is pressure on the Federal Government by different medical and scientific organizations to allow the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to subject the drug to further analysis.
Some others are pushing for clinical trial of Covid Organics before being used in the country.
The Federal Government was yet to take a position as of weekend because the AU has mandated its Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) to review the scientific data gathered so far on the safety and efficacy of the COVID Organics.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) last week insisted that the efficacy of the drug was unproven.
Also, as part of steps to contain COVID-19, the Nigeria Governors’ Forum (NGF) has started negotiating with the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) and National Association of Nigeria Nurses and Midwives (NANNM) on how to source volunteer doctors and health workers.
The health workers will help to assist ravaged states in the North-West and North-East especially, Kano, Katsina, Jigawa, Bauchi, Yobe and Borno states.
The Chairman of NGF, Dr. Kayode Fayemi, is coordinating the talks with the two professional associations with juicy welfare package.
According to a source, who spoke in confidence, the Presidential Task Force (PTF) on COVID-19 has been notified of the offer from Madagascar and arrangements were being made to bring Nigeria’s allocation to Abuja.
The source said: “The consignments of the drug are being distributed to different countries in Africa based on zonal grouping. We have been told that Nigeria’s consignment is in Equatorial Guinea from where it will be airlifted to Abuja.
“When the herbal drink is brought into the country, we will know the next step. But some medical and scientific organisations are pressurising that the drug be subjected to clinical trial.
“Some countries like Tanzania, Congo-Brazzaville, Guinea-Bissau and Equatorial Guinea have subscribed to the drugs. Also, while South Africa has offered to conduct a scientific analysis of the drug, Senegal said it will subject it to clinical trial.
“I can assure you that the Federal Government will take the best decision on the drug in the overall interest of Nigerians.
“Before any food or drug can be administered in this country, there are certain protocols that must be followed. The government will not circumvent these protocols. We want solution; we want the best for Nigerians.”
On April 28, the Chairman of the PTF on COVID-19, Mr. Boss Mustapha said the nation was ready to give Madagascar’s herbal drink a trial.He said: “I want to assure you that whatever is happening in the world, we are mindful of it and we are keeping a tab.
“I was reading of the experiences in Madagascar– of why everybody is drinking some solutions that have been prepared. This morning I was sharing with my wife, and I told her that probably I would request that Mr. President allow us import a plane load for a trial.
“We are all navigating an unchartered cause. Nobody has ever been on this road. So, every attempt to find solution that would bring succour to our people, be rest assured that this task force is very responsible and we would do everything to ensure that we get what will benefit our people, what will help them in the processes that we find ourselves today.”
On the talks with the NMA and NANNM, Dr. Fayemi said: “We have started negotiations on how to secure the services of volunteer health workers to help contain COVID-19 challenges in the North-West and in the North-East.
“The reality is that many states in these zones have problem of manpower, we need more volunteer health workers to assist them. We know we can draw these volunteers from the private healthcare sector without hurting the Public Health Sector.
“We are ready to offer the volunteers good welfare package, including robust incentives and adequate security. Our ultimate goal is to avert trouble in the affected states; this is why we are pooling resources together.”
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Lakanal
In July 2009 six people died in the fire at Lakanal House in the London Borough of Southwark. It was the worst fire in a postwar block of flats. The block was 14 storeys tall on a two storey podium and contained 98 flats. The block had only one staircase and no sprinklers. On the day of the fire the Firefighter’s Lift in the entrance lobby was out of action. This lobby had a metal plate on the wall with details of which flats were on which floors. The Firefighters had to use the escape stairs, carrying up heavy hoses etc while people were escaping. As this was an escape stair there was no panel at the bottom to indicate which floors the flats were on. Firefighters had to mentally count the floors and they used up valuable air in their breathing apparatus as they climbed the stairs.
During the last pre-inquest hearing in 2012 the coroner Judge Frances Kirkham announced she would take no evidence on the Firefighter’s lift being out of order on the day of the fire. This was the first time the majority of the people in the inquest, including the legal team for the families of the deceased, knew of this. Five days before the inquest started, the last remaining part of s20 of the London Building Acts (Amendment) Act 1939 was repealed. This part of s20 was the responsibility of the London Fire Brigade and it covered the Firefighter’s Lift.
Furthermore, the block breached the Building Regulations: tower block flats should be able to contain a fire for one hour so that the fire fighters can get to the blaze and put it out before it spreads. This is why the Regulations and Codes of Practice include a ‘stay put’ policy for tenants and residents. It is not intended that people will need to escape their homes, down the only staircase, while the fire-fighters struggle up with their hoses.
This fire was described in the Inquest as having moved very quickly and in unexpected ways. Within 15-20 minutes it had spread both up and down to other floors. Compartmentalisation had been breached, the stay put policy was dangerously inappropriate. The inquest found that people were told to stay in their flats and that some did not know about escape routes along communal balconies. Some firefighters, unfamiliar with the building, did not realise that the flats were maisonettes and on two floors.
"Around 1986 and with the abolition of the GLC, the London Building Acts were repealed, except for the part of s20 mentioned above. From that date Southwark were responsible for enforcing the building regulations. It was something they singularly failed to do on their own buildings. New heating mains were run along the ceiling of the main access /means of escape corridor. These were concealed by a timber false ceiling 60m long by 1.5m wide and 60cm deep. The fire in flat 79 on the 11th floor entered this false ceiling. The walls below had 10 or more coats of oil based paint on the wall and these had been coated with a Class 0 coating to limit spread of flame. When the front door of flat 79 failed, the wall of super heated air which burst into the corridor, with a temperature of 1,000C, melted the underlying coats of paint and these slid down the wall and burst into flames, resulting in a horizontal flame 10m long shooting out of the window at the north end of the corridor like a, “blast furnace” according to firefighters on a aerial escape” explains Sam Webb, architect and expert witness for the families of the deceased.
The 10 week 50 day inquest found that during refurbishments carried out in the block in the 1980s fire stopping materials between flats and communal areas had been removed; new windows had been installed which were made from flammable materials and burnt through in less than five minutes. These factors had, according to the Inquest, significantly contributed to the deaths. The coroner, Judge Frances Kirkham, wrote to the local council and to the government, to the Fire Brigade and Fire Sector Federation to express her concerns. She reported that the Building Regulations on Fire Safety were almost impossible to understand and needed to be reviewed. She was also concerned about the training of fire risk assessors and about the guidance relating to carrying out a fire risk assessment. Southwark had not carried out any Fire Risk Assessments since it had become their responsibility in 2006. Judge Kirkham also recommended that the London Fire Brigade visit blocks to familiarise themselves with the layout and that tenants and residents be given better fire safety information.
Judge Kirkham also recommended that tower blocks landlords consider fitting sprinklers, she had listened to and considered the experience of fire experts that where there are sprinklers there will be no deaths from fire or smoke.
click boxes to read documents
2009 report on Lakanal Fire and appropriateness of stay put policy
2017 What happened at Lakanal House? Wilkinson Construction Consultants detail the issues involved in the Lakanal House fire, including cladding, fire stopping and fire door defects
2013 Submissions relating to building regulations made to the Lakanal House Inquest on behalf of families
2013 response on behalf of Lakanal tenants concerning interpretation of building regulations
Professor Kurt Barling's in depth report into the Lakanal House fire. Click on the link to visit the website lakanalhousefire.co.uk
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Visual Arts Performing Arts Music Literature Curating
1 academic year for the Hodder Fellowship, 2 academic years
Hodder Fellows spend an academic year at Princeton, but no formal teaching is involved. An $84,000 stipend is provided. Fellowships cannot fund work leading to the Ph.D.
Princeton Arts Fellowships: An $84,000 a year stipend is provided.
Hodder Fellowship: Given the strength of the applicant pool, most successful Fellows have published a first book or have similar achievements in their own fields; the Hodder is designed to provide Fellows with a year of “studious leisure” to undertake significant new work. Advanced degrees preferred, although not required. Non-US citizens are welcome to apply. This fellowship cannot be used to fund work leading to a Ph.D. or any other advanced degree.
Princeton Arts Fellowship: Fellowships are not intended to fund work leading to an advanced degree. One need not be a U.S. citizen to apply. Holders of Ph.D. degrees from Princeton are not eligible to apply. All applicants must submit a resume or curriculum vitae, a personal statement of 500 words about how you would hope to use the two years of the fellowship at this moment in your career, and contact information for three references. In addition, work samples are requested to be submitted online (i.e., writing sample, images of your work, video links to performances, etc.) Applicants can only apply for the Princeton Arts Fellowship twice in a lifetime.
Note that the deadline applies to both fellowship programs.
University (partial) Stipend Focus on performing arts
living expences
network-development
basic tools and equipment
reharsal space
criteria resident
established artist
2-5 residents
The Hodder Fellowships & Princeton Arts Fellowships
The Lewis Center for the Arts will allow Princeton to fully engage with a range of programs that integrate the creative and performing arts into a broad liberal arts education. The Center will give a new focus and force to the Programs in Creative Writing, Dance, Theater, and Visual Arts, as well as to Film and Video, Musical Theater and to the Princeton Atelier. It will also have close links to the Center for African American Studies, School of Architecture, Department of Art and Archaeology, Council of the Humanities, Department of Comparative Literature, Department of English, Department of Music, Princeton University Art Museum and the McCarter Theatre Center.
Hodder Fellowship: The Hodder Fellowship will be given to writers and other artists of exceptional promise to pursue independent projects at Princeton University during one academic year. Hodder Fellows may be writers, composers, choreographers, visual artists, performance artists, or other kinds of artists or humanists who have "much more than ordinary intellectual and literary gifts;" they are selected more "for promise than for performance."
Princeton Arts Fellowships, funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, will be awarded to artists whose achievements have been recognized as demonstrating extraordinary promise in any area of artistic practice and teaching. Applicants should be early career poets, novelists, composers, visual artists, conductors, musicians, choreographers, playwrights, designers, graphic novelists, film makers, performers, directors, and performance artists -- this list is not meant to be exhaustive -- who would find it beneficial to spend two years working in an artistically vibrant university community.
Fellowships are for two academic years. Fellows will teach a course each semester or, in lieu of one course, may be requested to undertake an artistic assignment.
While Fellows need not reside in Princeton, they will be required to spend a significant part of the week on campus.
Programs Office/Hodder Fellowship, Princeton University, Lewis Center for the Arts,185 Nassau St.,
www.princeton.edu Hodder Fellowship Princeton Arts Fellowship
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St. Lucia Tourism Updates
(Saint Lucia Tourism Authority)
St. Lucia just celebrated its 40th anniversary of independence on February 22, but the island is hosting events throughout the year to mark the occasion. Much like the Caribbean at large, St. Lucia is dubbing 2019 as the “Year of Festivals.”
At an event in New York City, members of the Saint Lucia Tourism Authority—including minister for tourism Hon. Dominic Fedee and director of marketing for the U.S. Kelly Fontenelle–Clarke—spoke about what visitors can expect on the island this year. The highlight will be the Saint Lucia Jazz Festival, held May 5 – 12, which will be collaborating with Jazz at Lincoln Center. The 2019 Saint Lucia Jazz Festival Produced in Collaboration with Jazz at Lincoln Center will feature some of the top performers in venues and public settings across the island. Guests can expect the likes of Christian McBride, Ledisi, Etienne Charles, Russell Hall and Patrick Bartley, plus artists Gregory Porter, Dianne Reeves, Catherine Russell, Somi, The Baylor Project, Veronica Swift, members of the New Orleans Jazz Orchestra and a variety of musicians and collaborators from the Caribbean.
In addition to the performances, the 2019 Saint Lucia Jazz Festival will offer “Artists in Education” initiatives, including master classes, professional development and live performance collaborations with Saint Lucia School of Music students and local jazz artists.
Dominic Fedee
The Jazz Festival is among the largest tourism initiatives undertaken by the island, according to Fedee. But, on top of offering world-class jazz, the festival serves a larger goal. Fedee says that St. Lucia is looking to become more of a year-round destination—not just a warm-weather getaway during the U.S.’s winter months. He also spoke about how the island has much more to offer than its beaches. The Jazz Festival, with its May dates, helps on both accounts.
Going beyond the beaches, St. Lucia is looking to embrace “village tourism.” The idea is to get visitors into the small towns across the island to really learn about local culture. Airbnb is growing in popularity on the island, but Fedee is launching initiatives and legislation to legitimize the option. The initiatives will help the locals receive training and marketing, so they can better learn how to run their “small hotels,” Fedee says. He adds that non-traditional stays are growing at a faster rate than hotel stays (11 percent to 4 percent), and so, ensuring that guests have an authentic—but also positive—experience is a top priority.
While the island has over 2,000 hotel rooms in the pipeline (among the notable projects: Fairmont has broken ground in the south; a fourth Sandals on the island was approved; Hyatt will be opening a hotel in the north; and Apple Leisure Group will be opening both a Zoetry and Dreams resort on the island), Fedee says there will be numerous infrastructure projects beginning in 2019 to keep up.
The island will spend $2 million to improve its main roadways, as a trip from the airport to the resorts on the island’s northern tip can take up to two hours. A new international airport (costing $175 million) is also in the works. The terminal is being built next to Hewanorra International Airport’s existing terminal, which will then be renovated upon the opening of the new airport—giving the airport two terminals. Fedee says the new airport will have digital biometrics kiosks, to do away with paper customs forms, and will be able to accommodate 1 million visitors per year (the current setup is designed for 300,000). The new airport is set to be completed in 2021.
St. Lucia is also working with a yet-unnamed “major cruise line” to build a new, $150 million cruise port in Vieux Fort, near the airport. With the existing cruise port in Castries in the north, the new southern-located port will help diversify the island’s cruise offerings. While Fedee wouldn’t spill on the cruise line, he did say that the cruise port would be able to accommodate the “mega-ships” that are entering the market.
In terms of sustainability, St. Lucia also recently banned styrofoam on the island, plastic straws have been greatly reduced and single-use plastics overall are on the way to being banned, Fedee says. In his words, “keep your eyes on St. Lucia.”
Three New Green Globe Gold Members for Bay Gardens in St. Lucia
Marigot Bay Resort and Marina Debuts Beach "Passport"
Saint Lucia Tourism Authority Launches New Website
Stats: St. Lucia Records Over 1.2 Million Visitors in 2018
Destination Information Local Events Hotel Information Cruise Information Air Travel Caribbean Saint Lucia Travel Saint Lucia Tourism Authority Dominic Fedee Hewanorra International Airport Hyatt Hotels Fairmont Hotels and Resorts Sandals Resorts International Apple Leisure Group Dreams Resorts & Spas Castries Airbnb Saint Lucia Jazz Festival Kelly Fontenelle-Clark Zoetry Wellness and Spa Resorts Vieux Fort
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Coronavirus Screening Stations Emerge in 20 Different U.S. Airports As Airlines Around the World Continue to Cancel Flights
Credit: MARK RALSTON/Getty Images
As the number of people sickened and killed by coronavirus keeps climbing airports and airlines continue to take action to contain the deadly disease.
Coronovirus, which originated in the city of Wuhan, China has resulted in 170 deaths as over 7,000 cases of the disease were confirmed on Thursday, according to The New York Times.
Five cases have been confirmed in the U.S., and on Thursday, a close contact of one of the patients became infected with the virus. He's the husband of the woman in Chicago who was one of the first stateside cases, The Times also reported on Thursday.
Following the announcement that coronavirus has spread from person to person in the U.S., the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus a global emergency after initially not refraining to do so. "This is only the sixth time such an emergency has been declared, with past examples including the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Zika virus," according to ABC News.
This week, the Center for Disease Control (CDC) issued its highest level of travel notice, advising Americans to avoid all nonessential travel to all of China during the deadly coronavirus outbreak. On Tuesday, United Airlines became the first U.S. airline to suspend flights to mainland China. Delta and American Airlines followed suit on Wednesday.
Related: What Travelers Need to Know About the Coronavirus, According to a Doctor and Public Health Expert
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has increased its presence at airports. Health screenings for travelers arriving from China have increased from five major airports — Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York JFK, Chicago O’Hare and Atlanta — to 20. These airports handle about 90 percent of arrivals from China, Vice President Mike Pence said in a speech on Monday.
Those who arrive at one of these 20 airports from China will be handed a CDC pamphlet with information about the coronavirus and asked to fill out a questionnaire with information about their travel and any symptoms. Travelers who appear to show symptoms — coughing, difficulty breathing, fever — will be brought aside for further examination.
United Airlines announced the cancellation of dozens of flights to China because of a “significant decline of demand." United typically offers 12 flights to China per day from the U.S. That number will reduce to three or four from February 1 through February 8, pending further monitoring, CNBC reported. The airline has also issued travel waivers for those who had booked trips to China over the coming months.
American Airlines will cancel two routes between February 9 and March 27. The airline will not operate its flights from Los Angeles to Shanghai or Beijing. Service to Hong Kong will continue from Los Angeles and Dallas Fort-Worth, according to CNN.
Delta Air Lines said in a press release it will half its number of weekly flights between the U.S. and China from 42 to 21. The cancellations will begin February 6 and last through April 30, the longest period of any U.S. carrier so far. Travel waivers have been issued for those seeking to rebook or cancel their plans.
Travel around China has been significantly impacted by the outbreak, particularly in the city of Wuhan, where the disease was first detected. Wuhan has been effectively quarantined during the outbreak, with flights and trains out of the city shut down.
And access to China from global airlines is also dwindling. In a statement, Lufthansa announced it was cancelling all flights (including Austrian Airlines and SWISS) to mainland China through February 9. It will not accept new bookings to China through the end of February, however the airlines will continue to operate flights to Hong Kong. British Airways announced an “immediate” suspension of flights to mainland China. Reuters reported that there are no flights available to China with the airline through the end of February. Air Canada has also temporarily suspended flights to Beijing and Shanghai.
Cruise lines that travel to mainland China have also cancelled upcoming itineraries and allowed passengers to rearrange their travel plans.
Travelers who have been to China within the last 14 days and are feeling ill should seek medical care immediately. Before visiting a doctor’s office or hospital, call ahead and report your condition and recent travel, the CDC advises.
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Substance: A guide to Factory Records’ Manchester
Earlier this week we posted our list of the Top 100 Post-Punk Albums, which comprises most of our soundtrack during October. But now that we’ve highlighted the music itself, it seemed like an opportune time to take a tour of one of the most important cities in post-punk: Manchester, England. In fact, it’s long been a music city, having spawned the likes of The Stone Roses, Oasis, The Smiths and The Fall. But one institution, however short lived, will forever be connected to MCR: Factory Records.
Founded in the late ’70s, Factory quickly rose to prominence on the strength of its innovative bands, such as The Durutti Column, A Certain Ratio, The Happy Mondays, Section 25 and—most notably—Joy Division and New Order. That wave of popularity led to the opening of the iconic nightclub The Hacienda, a festival in the mid-’80s and eventually greater financial risks that took the label down. But during its time, Factory Records was a symbol of musical innovation and style, from the productions of Martin Hannett to the designs of Peter Saville. Everything Factory did was conceptual; it had a catalog number for everything, including a notepad (FAC 7), an unfinished egg timer design (FAC 8), its anvil logo (FAC 47), and even a lawsuit (FAC 61). There will never be another be another label like Factory—for good reason, arguably, as it went bankrupt. But it left a massive mark on popular culture.
We took a trip to Manchester earlier this year, and here’s our guide to the city’s landmarks as they connect to Factory Records.
Factory Records/FAC251
Factory Records’ original headquarters was set up on 86 Palatine Road in West Didsbury, on the first floor of co-founder Alan Erasmus’ home. But eventually the label opened up its new offices on Charles Street in the early 1990s, and that office—much like many of the other pieces of Factory Records’ culture and history—had its own Factory catalog number: FAC 251. The irony is that, despite this being a more high-profile office—in close conjunction to a Manchester BBC bureau, no less—it ended up closing within just a few years, the label having endured some serious financial hardships primarily as a result of two of their biggest bands—New Order and The Happy Mondays—going far overbudget on recordings, the latter technically not on the recordings themselves, but you get the idea. By November 1992 Factory declared bankruptcy. The building still stands, however, with much of its design elements intact, as well as new designs by the original architect of Factory Records’ offices. Its current purpose? A nightclub titled FAC 251, as it turns out, complete with involvement from none other than Peter Hook. (118 Princess St.)
The Hacienda is both famous and infamous, ground zero for a major musical movement and a business that was seemingly always on the brink of collapse despite surviving for 15 years. One of Factory Records’ ambitious pursuits, the Hacienda nightclub opened in 1982 after formerly being a warehouse that housed the building of yachts. Its name taken from the radical political group Situationist International, the Hacienda had little to do with Leftist politics in the long run, given that it became a symbol of excess. Nonetheless, it became an iconic live venue and club that saw the rise of the “Madchester” movement and the growing influence of electronic music, such as acid house. Much like Factory Records itself, it was given a catalog number: FAC 51. It closed in 1997 after Factory’s eventual financial collapse (though surviving for a few years), and though the actual building was demolished and a new building put in its place, the site is now an apartment building called, naturally, The Hacienda. (Whitworth St. West)
Free Trade Hall
Originally constructed in the 1850s, this formerly public hall has since been converted into a Radisson Hotel, which is in itself not terribly exciting. But the history of it is a different matter. In 1976, the Sex Pistols played the Free Trade Hall, in a show now referred to as the “gig that changed the world.” It’s here, after seeing the show, that the members of Joy Division were inspired to start a band. Also in attendance were members of The Buzzcocks (who organized the show), Factory founders Tony Wilson and Martin Hannett, The Fall’s Mark E. Smith, and Morrissey. Joy Division, The Buzzcocks and The Smiths would all later play gigs here as well. And though you’re not going to see live music there now, it’s still cool to walk into a piece of punk rock history. (Peter St.)
The Boardwalk/Little Peter Street
A narrow street that’s a short walk from both The Hacienda and the former Factory Records headquarters, Little Peter Street carries a lot of punk and post-punk history despite looking like a fairly ordinary city street today. It once held the rehearsal studios where Joy Division practiced, for instance. And it also was the site of The Boardwalk, an iconic Manchester club that not only frequently held shows from the likes of The Stone Roses, The Happy Mondays, James and Oasis, but touring bands like Sonic Youth and Rage Against the Machine. (Little Peter Street)
Epping Walk Bridge
Quite a few post-punk fans will likely recognize this site upon seeing it—it’s the locale of a famous photo shoot that Joy Division did with photographer Kevin Cummins (which can be seen on the front cover of The Best of Joy Division). In fact that’s pretty much one of the first things that comes up in a Google search of the bridge. Naturally, the temptation to recreate the photos is high, just keep in mind that as with the snowy pics from the original shoot, Manchester can get a bit frosty during the winter. (Over Princess Street, Hulme)
An exhibition and conference center, this event venue was converted from a former railway station and later became a frequent site for live music during the 1980s. As the G-Mex Centre in the mid-’80s, it was one of the most prominent concert venues in Manchester, and was the site of Festival of the Tenth Summer in 1986. The Festival was hosted by Factory Records and featured performances from The Smiths, New Order, John Cale, Cabaret Voltaire, OMD and The Buzzcocks, among others, which must have certainly been a hell of a fest. For a time it ceased holding concerts though it picked up again in the ’00s. It also is the site of Ninja Warrior UK, so there’s that. (Windmill St., City Centre)
Tony Wilson Place
Though not a proper street but a plaza that also contains HOME, a contemporary art museum, Tony Wilson place honors the late founder of Factory Records by keeping his name alive amid cultural landmarks. While Manchester’s changed a lot since he left his mark on the city, his name still lives on. (First St., off Whitworth)
Factory Records Joy Division manchester New Order
Jeff Terich October 26, 2018
Best Of, Lists
The Top 50 Goth Songs
An official Joy Division & New Order podcast launches this month
New Order share new song “Be a Rebel,” reschedule tour with Pet Shop Boys
Guide to: Manchester, UK
New Order to reissue Power Corruption and Lies as “definitive box set”
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From Georgia to the Ivy League
Singular Lives: The Iowa Series in North American Autobiography
Race and Excellence
“Horace Porter has provided us with an excellent evocation of one of the most overlooked dimensions of the black American experience since desegregation began in the 1960s: the movement of black American scholars from segregated academic institutions into higher and higher levels of formerly white academic institutions. This process of 'intellectual integration,' with all its pains and risks and glory, is brilliantly captured by Horace Porter in the review of his own academic career. This is a rich and warmly felt memoir, one that is very much needed.” —James Alan McPherson
“The Making of a Black Scholar recaptures in often vivid and convincing detail the later twentieth-century experience and reflections of Horace Porter. His energy, ambition, and talent carried him from a segregated childhood in a rural black family in Geogia to the higher halls of American education—Amherst, Yale, Dartmouth, Wayne State, Stanford, and Iowa. His memoir becomes less a record of acknowledged achievement for an aspiring black man than movement through and beyond revered but restrictive white worlds of American academe. Because these places haven’t changed as much as America itself (or as our black population) would have wished or actually realized, his powerful story remains an instructive and sobering one to read.”—Albert E. Stone
This captivating and illuminating book is a memoir of a young black man moving from rural Georgia to life as a student and teacher in the Ivy League as well as a history of the changes in American education that developed in response to the civil rights movement, the war in Vietnam, and affirmative action. Born in 1950, Horace Porter starts out in rural Georgia in a house that has neither electricity nor running water. In 1968, he leaves his home in Columbus, Georgia—thanks to an academic scholarship to Amherst College—and lands in an upper-class, mainly white world. Focusing on such experiences in his American education, Porter's story is both unique and representative of his time.
The Making of a Black Scholar is structured around schools. Porter attends Georgia's segregated black schools until he enters the privileged world of Amherst College. He graduates (spending one semester at Morehouse College) and moves on to graduate study at Yale. He starts his teaching career at Detroit's Wayne State University and spends the 1980s at Dartmouth College and the 1990s at Stanford University.
Porter writes about working to establish the first black studies program at Amherst, the challenges of graduate study at Yale, the infamous Dartmouth Review, and his meetings with such writers and scholars as Ralph Ellison, Tillie Olsen, James Baldwin, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. He ends by reflecting on an unforeseen move to the University of Iowa, which he ties into a return to the values of his childhood on a Georgia farm. In his success and the fulfillment of his academic aspirations, Porter represents an era, a generation, of possibility and achievement.
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Hoyer: House to vote on Great American Outdoors Act
The House will vote on the Great American Outdoors Act by the end of July, but it will not be on the suspension calendar because some Republicans will oppose it, House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, D-Md., announced Monday.
In a statement, Hoyer noted that the bill, which will permanently fund the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) and address the maintenance backlog in national parks, passed the Senate by a vote of 73 to 25. Hoyer thanked House Resources Committee Chairman Raul Grijalva, D-Ariz., “for his long-time leadership on this important issue” and Democratic Reps. Joe Cunningham of South Carolina, T.J. Cox of California, Kendra Horn of Oklahoma, Jared Golden of Maine, Mikie Sherrill of New Jersey and Xochitl Torres Small of New Mexico for introducing the Great American Outdoors Act in the House.
Hoyer added, “I also am appreciative of Rep. Mike Simpson [R-Idaho] for his work as lead Republican co-sponsor of this bipartisan measure and for working to broaden its support in the House.” But Hoyer added, “While I am disappointed that Republicans have indicated they would oppose this bill under suspension, which is why I will bring it to the floor under a rule later in July. I look forward to seeing it pass the House with strong bipartisan support and being sent to the president’s desk to be signed into law.”
The bill has wide support, but the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA), the American Sheep Industry Association (ASI) and the Public Lands Council (PLC) and their state affiliates oppose it.
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Survey of College portrait collections reveals legacy of inequality and colonialism
Women and people of colour continue to be under-represented in college portrait collections, while figures linked to eugenics and colonialism are still memorialised
Both Gonville and Cauis and Trinity College were found to have memorialised eugenists in a bust and portrait respectivelyLouis ashworth
by Martha Bevan, Martha French, Kit Treadwell, Olivia Emily & Alex Haydn-Williams
Friday November 27 2020, 12:00am
CN: This article contains detailed discussion of racism, segregation, colonial violence and torture, eugenics, and sexism.
A Varsity investigation into the portrait collections of Cambridge Colleges reveals that individuals with ties to eugenics, racial segregation and colonialism continue to be commemorated. Meanwhile, statistical analysis shows that only 1.87% of individuals depicted are people of colour and only 15.3% are female.
The findings are based on data compiled on over 1700 portraits on ArtUK, as well as information supplied by college archivists. Of the 31 colleges in Cambridge, only Magdalene, Jesus and St Catharine’s did not respond to Varsity’s request for information. King’s declined to offer any statistics on the modern collection and instead provided historic data.
The investigation collected data on the overall race and gender breakdowns of college collections. Overall, only 32 (1.87%) of the figures depicted in the collections surveyed are people of colour.
By way of contrast, the colleges collectively hold 1682 portraits depicting white people. Meanwhile, 50% (14) of the colleges surveyed have no portrait depicting a person of colour in their collection.
Moreover, though four named women of colour are memorialised across the collections at Girton, Clare Hall and Churchill, none of them have any ties to the university. There are, therefore, no portraits of female students, alumnae or fellows of colour in any Cambridge college. This is despite the fact that twentieth-century Cambridge alumnae include — as highlighted by 2018’s ‘Black Cantabs: History Makers’ exhibition at the University Library — the first female Black MP, the first female East African barrister in Britain, and the first Black woman to have a composition performed at the Proms.
According to the data compiled, only 15.3% of figures depicted in portraits were women, a proportion that dropped to 9.22% when portraits from Newnham, Murray Edwards, Lucy Cavendish and Girton - the historically female colleges - were not included.
Both Fitzwilliam and Selwyn display no portraits depicting women, according to their ArtUK pages. They are the only colleges to display no portraits of women or people of colour.
Three colleges, three eugenicists
Among the figures commemorated are Francis Galton, Charles Galton Darwin, and Charles B. Goodhart, memorialised with portraits at Trinity, Darwin and Gonville and Caius respectively.
Francis Galton, who is still memorialised with a portrait at Trinity College, where he studied, was a pioneer of the eugenics movement. He coined the term ‘eugenics’ in 1883 and was involved in controversial studies of twins and of trans-racial adoption, which sought to prove that heredity was fundamental to human development, not upbringing.
Galton’s unpublished novel Kantsaywhere depicted a utopic eugenic religion, designed to build stronger, smarter humans. This June, University College London chose to rename facilities that honoured Galton.
Charles Galton Darwin, whose portrait is displayed in Darwin College, was president of the Eugenics Society from 1953 to 1959. In his 1952 book The Next Million Years, Darwin wrote that a nation should use “A cruder and simpler method [...] than the animal breeder’s” to select “its ablest people” and avoid the “recurrent degeneration” that he argued happened in societies that did not use eugenics. He further argued that eugenics should become a national religion.
At Gonville and Caius, a bust is displayed of Charles B. Goodhart, a mid-twentieth-century member of the Eugenics Society and friend and correspondent of the prominent Caius eugenicist R. A. Fisher.
Fisher was, until recently, honoured with a painting and a stained glass window in the College’s hall. However, both were removed after a lengthy campaign by the JCR’s BME Officer Christine Salami and a petition which amassed almost 1500 signatures.
A Minister of State for the Colonies
Lord Henry Colyton, who is memorialised with a portrait in the Gonville and Caius collection, and gives his name to one of the College’s halls, was Minister of State for the Colonies during the Mau-Mau Uprising in Kenya.
Colyton had direct knowledge of the British government’s use of ‘concentration camps’ and ankle chains against Kenyan civilians, defending the camps in Parliament as “measures to re-educate and humanise the thousands of unfortunate men and women who have been led so wickedly and recklessly down [...] evil paths”.
According to parliamentary records, Colyton further stated on behalf of the government that the camps were “training [the prisoners] so that they would become useful citizens again”, and personally refused to provide food for the children of imprisoned Kikuyu men. The Lord Colyton Hall has hosted college fundraisers and private hire events.
In response to Varsity’s enquiry on Colyton’s memorialisation, a spokesperson for Gonville and Caius commented: “Following the College Council’s decision to remove the Fisher Window from Hall earlier this year, a Working Group on Representation was established with the wide remit of discussing and making recommendations about [...] diversity of representation within College as a whole and within its governance structures. This includes representation in college artwork and commemorations.”
A Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa
Meanwhile, commemorated with a portrait in Christ’s College is Jan Christian Smuts, a former undergraduate and the Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa from 1919 to 1925, and 1939 to 1948.
Smuts frequently voiced support for racial segregation, arguing that South Africa should become “a white man’s land” and avoid “inter-mixture of blood”. He further claimed in 1925 that “if there was to be equal manhood suffrage over the Union, the whites would be swamped by the blacks”. As Prime Minister, he used anthropological arguments to justify racial segregation, and played a major role in South Africa’s move towards legal segregation.
In his first term as Prime Minister, Smuts passed the 1923 Native (Urban Areas) Act, the first law that separated South African cities into Black and white areas, establishing residential segregation, while the Mines and Work Act, written by Smuts as Mines Minister in 1911, brought into law the principle of skilled jobs being reserved for white people.
A page on the Christ’s website describes his ‘important role at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919’, but makes no mention of his role in establishing racial segregation.
In a joint statement to Varsity, Howard Chae and Chloe Newbold, the SU BME officer and Women’s officer respectively, commented: “College portraits commemorate key benefactors and figures, symbolising the college’s ethos, values, and history.”
Race in Education
They continued: “The continued commemoration of individuals such as Smuts in Christ’s and Rustat in Jesus, among others, are an example of this. Colleges need to commit to concrete actions to materially address these ties and create a more welcoming environment for marginalised students by, for example, adopting the recommendations of the End Everyday Racism report, implementing programmes of reparative justice to follow Legacies of Enslavement enquiries, and ending their ongoing complicity in the global injustices carried out by fossil fuel corporations and arms manufacturers.”
Jesus, Emmanuel, Trinity, Selwyn, Fitzwilliam and Darwin did not respond to Varsity’s request for comment.
Note about statistics: the statistics used have been compiled on the basis of ArtUK collections, for every college except Churchill, Downing, Lucy Cavendish and King’s, for which the statistics are based on information provided by college archivists.
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2015 | 1h 30m | Documentary
The Champions is an inspirational story about the pit bulls rescued from the brutal fighting ring of former Atlanta Falcon’s star quarterback Michael Vick, and those who risked it all to save them, despite pressure from PETA and The... more
The Champions is an inspirational story about the pit bulls rescued from the brutal fighting ring of former Atlanta Falcon’s star quarterback Michael Vick, and those who risked it all to save them, despite pressure from PETA and The Humane Society of the United States to euthanize the dogs. It is a story of second-chances, redemption and hope. This uplifting documentary takes us on a journey about much more than just dogs—about prejudice, being misunderstood, the power of resilience, and the significance of the relationship we as humans have with animals.
WARNING: This movie contains graphic content and may be upsetting to some people.
AmazonVimeo
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Search for: "Harris Yulin"
Call him hilarious. Call him laugh-out-loud funny. But whatever you do call him BEAN. In the comedy that rocked America, Rowan Atkinson is the outrageous Mr. Bean, sent on a mission to California to escort the world famous painting of "Whistler's Mother" to its new home in The Grierson Gallery. What the gallery owner, one of the richest men in America, and his curator David Langley (Peter MacNicol) believe, is that Mr. Bean is Dr. Bean, a renowned art expert. In fact he is just a sleepy-headed...
Bean 2-Movie Family Fun Pack
Bean The clumsy, crazy, wacky Mr. Bean is sent on a mission to escort a famous painting to its new gallery. When something terrible goes wrong, there is only one man who has the power to put it right. The only problem is... that man is Bean! Mr. Bean’s Holiday Mr. Bean can't believe his luck when he wins a camcorder and an all-expense-paid vacation to France. But during his train journey, he falls face first into a series of mishaps, all of which are caught on camera to ensure his own makeshift...
Academy Award® and Golden Globe® winner Denzel Washington plays Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, a man who, in the prime of his boxing career, finds himself wrongfully convicted of murder. Sentenced to life in prison, Carter's published memoir, The 16th Round, inspired a teenager (Vicellous Reon Shannon) from Brooklyn and three Canadian activists (Deborah Kara Unger, John Hannah, Liev Schreiber) to join forces with Carter to prove his innocence. Their extraordinary efforts ultimately secure his...
In the spring of 1980, the port at Mariel Harbor was opened, and thousands set sail for the United States. They came in search of the American Dream. One of them found it on the sun-washed avenues of Miami... wealth, power and passion beyond his wildest dreams. He was Tony Montana. The world will remember him by another name... Scarface.
On the day the Riverton Ripper vanished without a trace, seven children were born. Today, they’re all turning 16... and turning up dead. Legendary director Wes Craven (A Nightmare on Elm Street, Scream) keeps your heart racing with a 3D suspense-thriller filled with twists, turns and a dark secret that will send your soul searching for cover.
Legendary Gangsters: 5-Movie Collection (American Gangster / Carlito’s Way / Casino / Public Enemies / Scarface)
Oscar®-winning icons, Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Denzel Washington, Russell Crowe, Sean Penn and Academy Award® nominee Johnny Depp are at their best in this essential five-film anthology of the most notorious gangster classics of all time: Scarface, Carlito’s Way, Casino, American Gangster and Public Enemies. Violence, drugs, beautiful women and millions of dollars are at stake as visionary directors Michael Mann, Ridley Scott, Martin Scorsese and Brian De Palma each bring their own masterful...
Universal 100th Anniversary Collection (Blu-ray)
For 100 years, Universal Pictures has been entertaining audiences with some of the most unforgettable movies ever made. Featuring prestige Academy Award® winners such as T o Kill a Mockingbird and The Sting , genre-defining classics like Dracula and Spartacus , captivating storytelling such as Field of Dreams and Do the Right Thing , blockbusters like Jurassic Park and E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial and pure entertainment with franchises including The Bourne Identity and The Fast and the Furious ,...
Universal 100th Anniversary Collection (DVD)
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According To Science, These Are The People Most Likely To Cheat In A Relationship
Science has found the people most like to cheat. If your partner is on this list, run far away.
There’s nothing worse than being cheated on in a relationship. It can lead to permanent trust issues that follow a person for the rest of their life. These trust issues may prevent a person from ever truly committing to another person again.
While most people are blindsided by a cheating partner, there are some warning signs that someone might be prone to cheating. If you’re in a relationship, here are some red flags to look out for in people most likely to cheat.
1. Anyone whose age ends in 9.
As people prepare to enter a new decade in age, their own mortality stares them right in the face. This causes them to reevaluate their life choices and make some big decisions. One such decision tends to be finding another partner.
People also tend to leave jobs, change cities, and make other huge decisions in years that end in 9. Even if your partner doesn’t cheat, they may be looking to move on thanks to crisis caused by aging.
2. People who listen to rock music.
If your partner loves rocking out to Van Halen and AC/DC, you should be wary. That’s because people who like rock music are the most likely to cheat, at least according to one source.
According to a survey done by the website IllicitEncounters.com, 41 percent of cheaters tended to like rock music above all other genres. The people who were least likely to cheat preferred rap music to all others.
3. Guys who work in IT.
Some people think those who work in IT are buttoned up, boring guys. It turns out that these men have a devious streak, as well.
On cheating website AshleyMadison.com, guys who worked in IT tended to be the heaviest users of the site. Don’t let their mild-mannered nature fool you — these guys can be real players!
4. French people.
This one really isn’t that surprising. The French have very different attitudes toward cheating and faithfulness in a particular relationship, and the numbers bear that out.
According to some reports, up to 75 percent of French people have cheated on a partner. This number includes both men and women, so at least they’re consistent across genders in their cheating.
5. Twitter users.
Everyone has gotten had some issue in a relationship that started because of something on social media. It turns out, that can include meeting a new partner.
According to a study done by the University of Missouri, those that used Twitter most often were more likely to cheat on their partners. If your boyfriend or girlfriend is constantly on their phone, they may have a secret life that doesn’t include you.
6. Guys named Wayne.
If your boyfriend is named Wayne, we’re sorry to tell you that he’s the most likely to cheat on you. Or at least, you are likely to perceive him as cheating.
According to a survey of 2,000 women, the name “Wayne” was rated as the least trustworthy name of all. Whether he actually cheats or you just think he’s cheating, it can have the same impact on your relationship.
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Conical Wireless Power Transfer System
Thesis on design and construction of a conical wireless power transfer system
There has been a serious development in the overall technology used in the maintenance of the different electronic devices like the television, phones and other integrated circuits in the modern era in the society (Wang et al. 2015). The evolution of the new and advanced electronic devices has also resulted in the use of the advanced electronic devices and also maintain of the advanced design in the building of the materials used to build the equipments (Bergsrud and Straub, 2014). The design of the equipments is made in a more advanced way and also in a more systematic way to rightly deliver the right quality of the technology for the different people in the market.
For making the various types of the wireless power transfer system, the advanced and modern designs are used for improvement of the system. Although it helps to it helps to develop the entire system of the wireless power. Moreover it also assist in creating the correct and accurate power which is necessary for the controlling and managing the electronic devices. The system uses the electromagnetic spectrum for maintaining the safety and security (Chen et al. 2018). The wireless power transfer system is designed with the well constructed components which help to managing the betterment for the economy. The market was being tried to build the ore sensitive that is compared to the technology (Wang et al. 2015).
This underlined chapter introduces the motivation for the motivation of the present work. The first section consists of the overall theoretical background of the wireless power transfer system. The second section includes the literature review (Krikidis et al, 2014). The third sections consist of the important contributions done to the present work carried out in the underlined study. The last section c consists of the present organizations that contribute to the overall thesis of the study in details.
Hertz was the first person who introduced the application of the procreation of the various waves of the radio. The wireless power transfer system or the electricity is showed an accurate capacity to the transmission of the power of the electricity which observed the source of the power. It is necessary to load the electric power without the application of the various wires present in the area (Tuna et al. 2014). Thus the wireless power system is useful to the radio and the television also.
To achieve the entire efficiency of the power is very important in the wireless power system. But it is difficult to design effectively of the wireless power electricity. It is built with the high reverberation power and it is also needed the magnetic wires accordingly. As per the view of (Dai et al., 2017) the wireless power transfer system needs the power which enables the systematic design approach. It is used for the safety reason of taking the electric reverberation power in the transfer system.
The non-radiation and radiation power system is classified by two different groups in the wireless power system (Tong et al. 2016). The radiation power system is relying on the entire excitation of the wireless power transfer system by which the radiation receives the power from the high source of the electricity (Zargham and Gulak, 2015). The power of the radiation released from the original source which goes through over the magnetic waves which is far distance from the electromagnetic (Fukunari et al. 2017). On the other hand, the power transfer system of non-radiated mainly relies on the magnetic wire coupled loops.
(Source: Valenta and Durgin ,2014)
The most applications uses a high magnetic coupling structure for the achievement of the high power efficiency in the wireless power transfer system .The achievement of the high magnetic coupling structure is very much difficult as it reduces the effect of the magnetic coupling as the overall distance between the transmission system increases as it is highlighted in the above diagram. It is needed to extend the overall power transmission range of the wireless power transfer system to be more useful and also it helps in supporting the use of the different applications that requires a high amount of magnetic coupling energy to help in the increase of the efficiency of the overall system (Valenta and Durgin ,2014).
There has been use of several or numerous range of the methods to increase the overall pick up of the power efficiency in the system to help in the increasing of the efficiency of the system for the use of the different appliances or applications in the further study.
History of the wireless power transfer system
The wireless power transfer system is an useful system that is used to transmit the device or the there is active transformation of the energy with the help of different physical wires by the link that helps to establish the correct radiating system for the generation of the enough power source for the transmission of the electromagnetic field in the system.
According to Thilina et al. (2015), it helps in the correct generation of the electromagnetic field for the different system and helps in achieving the correct power for the development of the system or the applications in the future. It came in to the knowledge of the people after the year 1930. The period before 1931 witnessed no chance or opportunities for the different people to know that there is a need of the correct source of transmitting power required to generate a powerful electromagnetic field within the applications that helps in the correct utilization for the generation of power for the human beings in the society(Park et al. 2015).
In the recent era or in the current period the use of the wireless power transfer system has helped in the correct gain of the knowledge used to identify the overall need of the system to emit the correct power source for emitting the correct electromagnetic power for helping in the overall transmitting of the different types of applications used in the system (Yin et al . 2015). It helps to highlight the applications of the wireless power transfer system a d also help to identify the correct history of the system in details from the early period (Boshkovska et al. 2015).
Physics of the wireless power transfer system
The transfer system of wireless power is an efficient system that is used for the production of the different applications used for the applications needed by the human beings. The working of the wireless power transfer system depends on the overall Maxwell’s form of energy equation or law (Ding et al. 2015). It states that the various transmitters used in the system are used to transmit the different energy to the system and it helps in the form of receiving of the correct form of energy as applied in the other forms of the wireless communication system as used by the human beings in the modern era (Pan et al. 2015).
The various kinds of electromagnetic fields associate with the wireless power transfer system are embed or helps in the various device that makes use of the wireless power transfer principle for the safety use of the individuals in the society (Diekhans and De Doncker , 2015). The exposure to the strong electromagnetic fields in the wireless power transform system also helps to radiate a strong electromagnetic energy to the different types of individuals in the market (Duarte et al. 2014).
The wireless power transfer system allows that there needs to have a correct form of communication between the transmitter and the receiver in the spreading of the right energy between the two devices and it results in the correct flow of the current between the two selected devices that uses the electromagnetic form of energy omitted or generated from the wireless power transfer power system (Gunduz et al. 2014).
The working of the wireless power transfer system relies over the concept of the radiation between the far area as well as the near field techniques (Lee and Han, 2015). It helps in the correct form of radiation between the two forms and helps to maintain the correct form of electromagnetic form of energy between the different devices that uses the wireless power transfer system (Yang et al. 2015). The form of transmission techniques, the amount of power hat has been transferred within the system and the overall requirements of the proximity are very much influential in determining the nature of the radiation system used (Dai and Ludois, 2015). It can be a far field technique of radiation used by the system or a near field technique of radiation used by the system (Hu et al. 2014).
The locations of the different antenna applied for creating the wireless power transfer system is used for the transmission of the electromagnetic waves that also helps to utilize the correct power for emitting the correct radiating power of the system. It also help in the transmission of the different radiating forms of energy used in the types of oscillating frequencies and also the types of electric fields are very much dependent on each other in the performing of the applications of the systems under the principle of the wireless power transfer system. The capacitive and the magnetic coupling used in the forms of the applications used under the principle of the wireless power transfer system helps in the correct utilization of the technique to radiate the correct form of the electromagnetic energy in the necessary application using the wireless power transfer system.
The locations for the antenna are also a necessity for the correct availability of the correct form of electromagnetic radiation for the use of the different applications using the wireless power transfer systems. There is a availability of the transition region that exists in the overall region between the far and near field of the radiation field. The two differ rent fields help in the correct identification of the different location of the antennas that help to determine the correct necessity of the forms of the electromagnetic radiation in the wireless power transfer system. The narrow source of beam that is emitted from the far field transfer used in the wireless power transfer system is also known as the power beaming.
The power beaming technique that emits a narrow source of beam in the wireless power transfer system in the different far fielding techniques are used in the types of hoe applications for the use of the human beings in the form of the microwave radiation or the high power lasers for the transmission of the overall source of the radiation of over the long distances in the radiating field used in the wireless power transfer system. It helps in the correct radiation of the transmission of the energy over the long distances and it helps as a useful source of the emission of the electromagnetic field in the system.
The different types of radiating source emitting in the fielding techniques of the wireless power transfer system acts as an useful source of the emission of the power over the long and the short distances in the forms of energy. It helps in the maintenance of the correct form of source to the different human beings by the radiation of the electromagnetic field in the system.
Applications of the wireless power transfer system
The overall forms of the technology used by the wireless power transfer system have been used in the maintenance of the applications used by the types of human beings in the society. The system focuses on the use of the maximization of the different techniques used for the transfer of the power and also in the use of the magnetic coupling techniques used in the coupling system of the coil used in the wireless power transfer system.
The different types of advanced vehicles used in the forms in the places in the world uses a system of the advanced mode of the wireless power transfer system to help in the correct utilization of the techniques to help in the correct functioning of the forms of the system.
The energy transmitted from the wireless power transfer system is also used in the functioning of the advanced mode of the types of vehicles and also the different types of the latest advanced machineries used in the overall development of the energy transmitted by the receivers to help in the correct generation of the electromagnetic power used in the system.
It is also used to produce the correct form of the transmission of the energy and also the use of the energy makes it more convenient for the use of the latest technology in the vehicles and also helps to formulate the correct form of electromagnetic power in the vehicles.
Classification of Wireless power transfer system
The transfer system of wireless power is classified in three following types of radiation which available in the entire distance of the radioactive ranges. These radioactive ranges are described below:
Short range radiation
The different types of the magnetic couples are applied for designing the short range radiation. It is used for restrict the preparatory pair wire links. Thus it helps for transmitting the accurate power to the various kinds of devices (Hu and Wang, 2015). This radiation is placed on the multiple kinds of the plants in the system. But it is limited for rotating the power to 280 mw over 1 cm.
Medium range radiation
The different types of the magnetic couples are applied for designing the medium range radiation. It is used for restrict the preparatory pair wire links. Thus it helps for transmitting the accurate power to the various kinds of devices (Ta et al. 2015). This radiation is placed on the multiple kinds of the plants in the system. But it is limited for rotating the power to 14 MHz.
Long rang radiation
The different types of the magnetic couples are applied for designing the long range radiation. Its main source is electromagnetic waves. It is used for restrict the preparatory pair wire links. Thus it helps for transmitting the accurate power to the various kinds of devices (Timotheou et al.
2015). This system covers the long range distance for the safety to the human beings.
According to Kong et al. (2017), the wireless power system is designed in a generalized structure. Moreover, it is built in a systematic way for transmitting the radioactive waves from the various regions. This region can be the low ability region or high ability region. On the contrary Li et al. (2016), states this system is also used for providing the charge to the different vehicle, cycles, and so on to betterment use of the machineries. Due to the development of the wireless power transfer system, the different radiation is used for improving the entire technology. As per the view of MacVittie et al., (2015), it also assists to minimize the ohmioc loss in the resonators by using the Meta materials.
According to Lin et al. (2017), the success of the high magnetic paring framework is very much difficult as it reduces the effect of the magnetic coupling. The overall distance between the transmission systems maximizes as it is highlighted in the above diagram. It is needed to extend the overall power transmission range of the wireless power transfer system to be more useful and also it helps in supporting the use of the different applications that requires a high amount of magnetic coupling energy to help in the increase of the efficiency of the overall system. On the other hand, Lu et al. (2015) stated the design of the wireless power system is essential as it helps to maintain the sleekness of the entire system for transferring the power from the region in the radioactive area.
Furthermore Luo et al. (2016), states that the well structured full wave electromagnetic solver is used in the solving of the different transmission and receiving of the different waves located in the medium (Bosshard and Kolar, 2016). It helps to customize and the organization of the different objects by the use or introduction of different features like the parameterization and the scripting of the different objects. It helps in the overall formation of the different types of projects by using the General user interface principle (Samanta and Rathore, 2015). According to Nemitz et al. (2016) the different types of radiating source emitting in the fielding techniques of the wireless power transfer system acts as an useful source of the emission of the power over the long and the short distances in the forms of energy. It helps in the maintenance of the correct form of source to the different human beings by the radiation of the electromagnetic field in the system (Song, et al. 2017).
According to Perera et al. (2015) the overall distance between the two transmitters have a great effect on the efficiency encountered by the system and it has no influence on the other parameters of the system like the height of the coil, radius of the loop, radius of the system and the angle between the receiver and the transmitter in the system (Xiong et al .2015). The above results depict that the bringing of the two transmitters in close relation to each other in the different coils causes a total reduction in the overall efficiency and the separation of the two transmitter coils between each other are far away from each other by a measurement (Radziemski and Makin, 2016).
According to Shi et al. (2014), In order to study the overall effect of t he radius of the transmitter loop in the two systems of the wireless power transfer system the two transmitters are taken at a distance of 25mm and the distance between the transmitters and the loop are set at a distance of about 50 mm depending on the overall minimal value as obtained in the underlined sections of the underlined study. The overall radius of the transmitter loop is set up at a distance of about 190mm to 300mm in the system (Sikder et al. 2017). The system is useful for charging of the electronic devices or the components. It helps to maintain the accurate state of the correct procedures for extending the entire electric region from the various fields with the effective methods. Furthermore, it assists to manage and control the overall stability of the wireless power system (Neath et al. 2014).
The basis of the requirements used to design a sleek and a systematic design of the wireless power transfer system the underlined research objectives might be classified and deduced accordingly:
Design of a more systematic and coupled wireless power transfer system.
Design of a more sleek coiled system to reduce the frequency of the electromagnetic waves used in the system.
Design a more harvesting power for the generation of more power to the overall circuit power of the system to deliver a more optimized wireless power transfer system
Elements of wireless power transfer system
There wireless power transfer system consists of different types of materials or elements that help in the effective transmission of the radiating energy in the fields of energy. The various kinds of elements among the field of the wireless power transfer system consist of the inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, and resonant coupling techniques (Shin et al. 2014). The magnetic coupling consists of magnetic wires which helps in the different forms of the radiation of the wires in the different field and it helps in the correct radiation of energy within the different wires and helps in the correct resonance of the different radiations of the different type of the field consisting in the different wires consisting in the different magnetic fields (Carvalho et al.
There are two different types of current passing through the different coil in the radiating field. .
The two different coils include the direct current and the alternating current (Choi et al. 2015). The two currents pass through the different coils and help in the correct coupling resonance of the two different coils in the magnetic field and create a sense of a strong electric field in the different coils passing through the different electromagnetic fields.
The different types of coils helps to increase the overall inductive coupling efficiency depends on the different types of parameters like the placement of the coil in the wireless power transfer system and also help in the coupling of the core material present in the wireless power transfer system. The different types of the transformers that are applied in the coupling efficiency in the system are the use of the correct form of iron or steel while the metal doctor coils makes use of the air in the wireless power transfer systems. It helps in the correct form of passing of the current between the two coupling wires and helps in creating a strong power that helps to increase the overall efficiency if the different types of coils used in the system.
Fig 2.1 Magnetic fields around a coil that is carrying current
Types of design in coils
There are different designs in coils which has been developed or evolved in the last era. It has helped in the passing of the magnetic field through the different types of wires and creates an electromagnetic field (Li and Mi, 2015). The different types of coils include the spiral, a helical, inverse coil which helps in the right passing or the functioning of the different magnetic fields in the electromagnetic field.
Fig: 2.2 (a) spiral coil (b) helical coil (c) inverse conical coil
(Source: Mi et al. 2016)
Parameters of coils
The different types of electromagnetic waves passing through the different coils are a type of the different electromagnetic radiation which are organized and structured in the correct way depending on the correct frequency of the different types of waves. The frequency is expressed as the amount or the number of different repletion of the different indices that occurs at the regular interval of time and it helps to radiate the correct type of electromagnetic waves at the correct schedule of time (Mi et al. 2016). The frequency is measure or expresses in terms of hertz which helps in measuring the total number of the occurrence of the cycles occurring at a regular interval of time. It helps in the correct measurement of the different types of cycles of the number of the regular intervals at that moment of time (Huang and Lau, 2014). The frequency is defined as the reciprocal of the occurrence of the time occurred at that period of time. It is expressed in the following way in the study.
F= 1/f
It is expressed as the characteristic of the total electrical circuit that helps in the starting, opposing and the valuing of the current and has the same effect on the overall effect of the current in the electrical circuit and also effects the movement of the flow of the inertia within the different coils located in the different magnetic coils (Badr et al. 2017). It requires a lot more energy during the starting of the object in comparison to the stopping of the object.
The faraday’s law of induction in the electromotive force is the primary law of the electromagnetism that helps in the correct development of the production of the magnetic field in an electrical circuit and the effect of the development of the field of the electric region on the development of the electric flow within the circuit (Zhong et al. 2015). It is the basic or the primary operating source for the different types of the electric generators, motors and the different types of the solenoids.
The electromotive force is developed during the development of e relation between the conductor and the magnetic field that occurs within the magnetic coil. It is the difference between the differences in the charge of the potential volts which also exists in the two different points in the electrical circuit (Moon et al. 2014). The electromotive force is developed by the overall action of the electrons and the magnetic field working in case of the conductor. It helps to develop the overall process of increasing or producing the right electromotive force in case of the development of the different current generate in the circuit (Aldhaher et al. 2014).
Fig 2.3: Generation of an emf in an electrical conductor.
Self –inductance
The perfect straight conductor also contains a small amount of small inductance in the conductor which helps to produce the right electromagnetic field in the conductor and develop he right circuit within the conductor. According to Bi et al. (2016), the current changes and the magnetic field also changes within he conductor and results in the production of the relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field and develops a phenomenon called
electromagnetic force within the semiconductor.
The principle works on the Lenz’s law which evaluates or expresses that any electromotive force produced in any circuit is always in a direction to the overall effect of the current produced in the circuit. It helps to create a current in the opposite direction of the current and it results in the creation of the negative electromotive force in the circuit (Esteban et al. 2015). The conductors have current and hence it also has a vast amount of inductance in the body of the different circuits produced as a result of the underlined law.
The different types of inductors are divided in the wireless power transfer system according to the types of the cores found in the system. It is defined as the centre of the inductor as that of the centre of the earth which is very much responsible for the transmission of the different forms of energy within the coil. The coils are of two various types. The primary coil is of soft iron and the second one is of air.
There is presence of several types of physical factors that also affects the overall function of the inductance of the coil. The different types of factors includes the measurement of the coil, the total number of the coil, the nature of the coil used and the total number of layers in the winding of the different coils present in the wireless power transfer system. The twice the number of the coils present in the wireless power transfer system also affects the nature of the electric field produced in the system and it helps in the overall production of twice the current as needed by the system to produce the desired electric field in the coil of the system.
The next factor is the diameter of the coil that also affects the functioning of the power system .There is a requirement of more electric lines of force to counter the overall electromotive force by the use of the large diameter of the coil used in the system. The overall field of the coil maximizes directly as the overall area of the coil increases with the diameter of the coil.
The last factor that affects the inductance in overall length of the coil in the wireless power transfer system. The doubling of the length of the coil in the system while keeping the total number of halves as the same also results in keeping the value of the inductance to half in the wireless power transfer system. It means the overall length of the coil depends directly on the coil present in the wireless powerless system.
The final factor that is involved is the type of the core material that is utilized in the coil of the wireless power transfer system. The inductance of the coil depends directly on the type or nature of the equipment of the core used in the wireless power transfer system.
The underlined factors have an essential role in maintaining the overall shape or the overall nature of the material used in the inductance of the coil. It helps to shape up the whole framework of the inductance system and also helps in the correct dependability of the different factors on the total inductivity of the wireless power transfer system that helps in the maintenance of the correct form of the type of the inductance that is used to depict the correct relationship between the overall structure of the inductance with the different determinants or the different forms of the factors that are present in the coil for the correct functioning of the structure obtained in the maintenance of the structure involving the design of the coil in the self inductance of the coils in the wireless power transfer system.
The factors also help to determine the nature of the inductance of the coils and also help to introduce the important aspects in the determining of the correct form of the structure of the self –inductance in the coil system of the wireless power transfer system. It also helps to inhibit the overall dependency if the different types of the factors on the overall nature of them material used in the system.
Resonance frequency and capacitance
The overall energy of the capacitor exists in the surrounding electrical fields that is proportional to the square of the overall field strength and is total proportional to the different charge plates in the electric field (Ko et al. 2015 ). The reactance of an electrical coil looks like a reactance involved in the parallel direction with the different capacitance (Chen et al .2014). The self- capacitance occurs due to the different adjacent capacitate turns through the different multi layered coils in the electric field.
It contains of any system having at least a pair complex type of conjugate poles that contains a natural frequency of the overall oscillation power in the field (Yang et al. 2015). The frequency of the system of the driving force collides with the overall natural frequency produced in the different oscillations hat result in the system being more resonated and the power of the resonated circuit becomes the maximum at that particular point (Harish et al. 2016). The phenomenon is expressed as resonance and the frequency at which the different oscillations of the frequency take place is called resonance frequency.
In the electrical system the phenomenon of resonance occurs in the different systems having one capacitor and one inductor (Ng et al .2014). The nature of the circuit under the resonance is purely resistive in nature.
The electrical resonance is broadly divided in to two categories or divisions:
Parallel resonance.
The two categories of the electrical resonance are broadly classified in details in the following:
The different types of circuits containing the resonance, capacitance and inductance elements contain a different type of special chartactersrtics that helps to be useful in the different type of applications as the different types of characteristics of the different frequencies have a sharp maxim mum or minimum frequency points at that particular point in the circuit(Xu et al .2014). In case of the series resonance circuits the overall condition of the resonance is very much straightforward and is also characterstiesd by a number of zero phases and minimum impedance in the different electrical circuits (Ho et al .2014).
Quality factor is determined as the overall measurement of the overall loss occurred in the circuit (Kim et al .2016). The different types of reactive components include or contain the different inductors and capacitors that are often expressed by the figure of merit expressed as Q.
Fig 2.4: Series RLC circuit connected to a voltage source V
Parallel resonance
The different types of the parallel resonance circuit contain the tank circuit that occurs due to the storage of the overall energy in the different inductors and the capacitors of the concerned circuit (Riehl et al. 2015). In the ideal case the overall capacitor absorbs the overall energy during one half life cycle of the overall power curves at the same speed or rate in which it is released by
theinductor.
Fig 2.5 :Parallel RLC circuit connected to a voltage source V.
The different electromagnetic resonance coupling contains the different types of LC resonance and help in the overall transferring of the power with the different electromagnetic coupling waves (Niyato et al. 2016). The electric coupling and the magnetic coupling are expressed as the mutual capacitance and the inductance. The overall power in the circuit is transferred by the use of the magnetic coupling wire (Lee et al. 2014).
Fig 2.6: Relevant Circuit of Power Transfer System.
(Source: Lee et al. 2014)
The total ohmic resistance for an N-turn circular loop antenna with the loop radius a and b is expressed in the following equation:
R = N.a/b
(Source: Colak et al., 2015)
In this chapter the reader has used the different types of modeling method to describe the different types of the different inductance coils and try to depict the relationship between the self inductance methods used in the different types of designs used in the coils and the overall
inductance among two different coils in the study (Colak et al .2015).
Parametric study of the wireless power transfer systems
The underlined study focuses on the two different models of the wireless power transfer systems using the overall electromagnetic program EMPRO (Na et al. 2015). The foremost model is the single transmitter receiver model (Costanzo et al .21015). The underlined study focuses on the overall turns in the coil, height of the coil, radius of the loop, radius of the coil and the overall angle between the receiver and the transmitter in the study.
Fig 3.1 Structure of single transmitter single receiver
The second model is the two transmitter receiver where there is the study of the effect of the four different parameters and also the overall distance between the loop and the transmitter coils, radius of the transmitter coils, distance between the two transmitter oils and the overall angle between the receiver and the transmitter in the coil (Zeng and Zhnag ,2015).
Fig 3.2 Structure of two transmitter single receiver
Electromagnetic professional program
It is a three dimensional structural full wave electromagnetic solver used in the solving of the different transmission and receiving of the different waves located in the medium (Bosshard and Kolar, 2016). It helps to customize and the organization of the different objects by the use or introduction of different features like the parameterization and the scripting of the different objects. It helps in the overall formation of the different types of projects by using the General user interface principle (Samanta and Rathore, 2015). The program consists of the following features and it helps in the following advantage or benefits in the following areas:
Parameterized solid modelling structure.
It also helps in the formation of the modern 3dimensional design environment.
It helps in the creation of the different choices in the flexibility of the full wave of the different 3 dimensional simulative technologies FEM, FDTD and Eigen mode.
FEM simulation method
It is a process which is used to calculate the overall three dimensional structure of the electromagnetic field inside a structure that is based on the overall fine method used in the underlined process or study. According to Zhu et al. (2016), it helps to provide the critical analysis of the simulation process and the implementation of the EMPRO method in the underlined process that helps to detect the overall S- parameters used in the computation of the simulation in the magnetic and electric fields(Musavi and Eberele, 2014).
It focuses on the overall action of dividing the overall space of the elements into several different small regions or places that helps to represent or express the field in each of the element present by the different use of the local function (Tang et al. 2018). The implementation style used by the underlined method uses the tetrahedral elements to help in the proper modification or identification of the different circuits in the node.
Size of the Mesh against the accuracy
There is an overall trade off between the accuracy level and the size of the mesh of the total amount of the different available computing resources available by the use of the Finite element method (Atya et al. 2017). The accuracy of the solution is dependent on the total availability or the size of the different elements of the mesh in the model (Fu et al. 2014). The small size of the different elements present in the mesh is not so much accurate as the mesh elements that are very much large or present in bulk quantities.
The tetrahedron elements has to occupy or capture a small part of the field that is adequate enough with the different interpolated values from the different types of nodes present in the field(Barman et al. 2015). The generation of a field solution with a large amount of the presence of the different types of the elements requires a large amount of the computing memory and power available in the field (Lee and Han, 2015). It is very much required to fine the accurate mount of solution that is available for the generation of the correct amount of the available computing power and memory to generate the field solution for the mesh and generate the desired and accurate field solution for the electric field.
The overall production of the optimal mesh requires an FEM type of simulator that is used to produce a mesh which is very much critical defined or simplified in the different types of the available regions (Mi et al. 2016). It exhibits a solution that is based on the coarse mesh and helps in generating the new solution based on the overall availability of the mesh structure available in the field.
Parametric study of the single transmitter server
An in depth analysis of the parametric study of the single transmitter server has been conducted to explore the overall difference in the various essential parameters involved in the overall design of the single transmitted server in a detailed way.
Height of the coil
The height of the coil is depicted in a better or in detailed way by analytically conducting an experiment that helps to inhibit the different values of the height of the coil by the use of the single transmitter server.
Result of S21 parameter at H=20 cm and efficiency 75.69% for single transmitter single receiver.
At H=10 cm, from previous equation L=36.03 μH and from simulation resonant
Frequency equal 8.021 MHz as shown in and the capacitance from equation is expressed as the following table.
H(cm)
R(cm)
µH)
F(Mhz)
pF)
Ƞ
Fig: Parametric results depicting the various values for H by using the single transmitter single receiver.
(Source: Mi et al., 2016)
It indicates the value of the inductance is decreased with the overall increase in the height of the coil and it also helps to depict that the values of the different inductance are contrarily corresponding to the values of the height of the coil.
Amount of turns in the coil of the system
It is also an important parameter or mode of the overall measurement of the single transmitter single receiver.
Fig: Result of S21 parameter at N=6 cm and efficiency 79.7% for single transmitter single receiver
µ H)
F(Mhz
C(pf)
Fig: Parametric results with the various results for N for the single transmitter receiver
It is clearly depicted from the above results in the table that the total number of turns in the coil has a large effect on the number of the capacitance, inductance, resonant frequency and the total efficiency of the single transmitter server.
The Loop Radius
The radius of the loop also exerts a significant influence on the efficiency of the single transmitter of the server and it has no influence on the other parameters or the determinants like the inductance, capacitance, and resonance of the circuit as it affect the different fields of the coil and not on the various determinants of the coils.
rLoop(mm)
F(Hz)
Fig: Parametric results with different values of the radius of the coil r for a single transmitter receiver
(Source: (Mi et al. 2016)
Radius of the coil
The radius of the coil inhibits a great importance on the capacitance, reverberation density, inductance and the effectiveness of the transmitter of the server.
Rloop(cm)
L(μ H)
C (pF)
Table 3.4 Parametric results with different values of R for single transmitter single receiver.
Optimum coil for single transmitter receiver
The optimum results obtained from the efficiency at 84.65% where N =6, H= 15 cm, r=28 cm and R=40 cm but the disadvantage of the results is that it is of a huge size. In the use of the practical implementation the different types of dimensions used have an efficiency of 80.26% for
N= 6, H= 12cm, r= 25 cm and R =30cm.
r(loop)
μ H)
Table: Results of parametric study with different values for single transmitter single receiver
Angle between the receiver and the transmitter
The effect of the angle between the receiver and the transmitter can be known by the use of the following table.
Table: Efficiency with different angle (Ɵ) for single transmitter single receiver.
Parametric study of two single transmitter receivers
The above results on the underlined table has shown that there has been a problem of the overall coverage area in the entire system that have resulted in the efficiency drop in cases when the concerned receiver is moved by an angle and hence it uses the two transmitter receiver to encounter the following problem in the study. The different variables in the system are the distance between the transmitters and their loop (dl) the radius of the transmitter loop(r) and distance between two transmitters (ds) in the system.
Distance between two transmitters
The overall distance between the two transmitters have a great effect on the efficiency encountered by the system and it has no influence on the other parameters of the machine liker the height of the coil, the loop radious, radius of the system and the angle between the receiver and the transmitter in the system. The above results depict that the bringing of the two transmitters in close relation to each other in the different coils causes a total minimization of the overall efficiency and the separation of the two transmitter coils between each other are far away from each other by a measurement of a total ds= 25mm.
It helps in the total change in the overall efficiency observed in the system and also helps to increase the overall efficiency of the system in a right manner in the two systems in the coils of the wireless power transfer system.
N H(cm) R(cm) F(MHz) R(trans) dl ds Ƞ
6 14 30 8.6781 250mm 60mm 4mm 43.65%
Table: Different distance between two transmitters (ds).
Distance between the transmitters and the loop
In order to study the overall difference between the loop and the different transmitters of the models used in the different coils of the wireless power transfer system , the setting up of the dl values starting from the range between dl=10mm to dl=110mm. It depicts that the overall distance between the different loop and the transmitters also has a minimizing effect on the overall efficiency of the system.
Table: Different distance between two transmitters and their loop (dl) for two transmitter single receiver coil.
Radius of the transmitter loop
In order to study the overall effect of t he radius of the transmitter loop in the two systems of the wireless power transfer system the two transmitters are taken at a distance of 25mm and the distance between the transmitters and the loop are set at a distance of about 50 mm depending on the overall minimal value as obtained in the underlined sections of the underlined study. The overall radius of the transmitter loop is set up at a distance of about 190mm to 300mm in the system.
Table: Different radius of the transmitter loop (r) andȠ for two transmitter single receiver system.
Optimum result of the two transmitters single receiver systems
It has been underlined from the following sections that the best efficiency rate for the system is 65.56% which is obtained as N= 5cm, H=150mm, r=300mm, dl=50mm and ds= 25mm. The further development has been made in the parametric study by the use of the optimum efficiency level at an amount of 65.46% obtained at r=280mm, dl=60mm and ds =30mm.
F(MH
r(trans)
Table: Optimization system results with different values for two transmitter single receiver system.
Angle between two transmitter receivers
It is depicted from the above table that the overall efficiency of the different transmitters of the different types of the single receiver have a effect on the decrease of the value of the angle from
65.65% to 42.65% as the overall angle of the system has been increased from a range of 0 to 40 degree and increase of the single transmitter model in the wireless power transfer system from an amount of 85 to 30 % as the overall angle has been increased to an o to 40 degrees. The above conclusions helps in analyzing that the efficiency for the mentioned two transmitters single receiver system reduce to about 25% and it drops to 50% for the single transmitter single receiver system for the mentioned increment in the preferred angle system.
Table: Efficiency with different angle (Ɵ) for two transmitter and single receiver system.
In the following chapter, the experiments are carried out to examine the different results in chapter 3 by the correct implementation of the different wireless power transfer models in an experimental way and the comparison with the results obtained in the simulation model.
The two different models used in the experiment are studied in a thorough way to complete the investigation in a successful way. The first model applied in the analysis which is the single transformer single receiver and the second model used in the following experiment is the two transmitters single model in the wireless power transfer system.
In the following experiment there has been an use of the copper wire with a total diameter of 2.80mm and has been wounded around a cylinder which is woody in nature. The total dimension of the coil are N=6, H=170mm and R=360mm as been depicted with the use of the following figure. The signal generator used in the experiment is of the range from 1 to 12 MHz to help in the correct generation of the signal that has been used for the transmitter and the use of the digital oscilloscope is used to calculate the accurate efficiency and measure the received signal from the use of this model.
Single transmitter single receiver experimental results
In the underlined section, there has been use of the two coils in the designing of the wireless power transfer system. The two coils used in the following experiment are one for the use of the receiver and the other for the use of the receiver. The comparison among the acceptor and the transformer used are between 2 meter and the radius of the loops=250 mm as depicted in the underlined figure.
The signal generator used in the experiment of the model has been set up at a voltage amplitude of 20V and the overall frequency of the has been set up to maximum point so that it helps in the successful achievement of the required power transfer at the resonant frequency.It has been found that the frequency at the 10 MHz and is measured at the received voltage at the underlined receiver used in the following experiment.
In the next section the calculation of the efficiency is done at the different angles a shown in the previous figure which also depicts that the increase in the overall angle will result in the decrease of the efficiency of the simulation results.
Table 4.1 Experimental results of efficiency at different angles (Ɵ) for first model.
Two transmitter single receiver experimental results
In this section of the study, there has been the use of three coils one for receiver and two for transmitter with an overall distance between the length of 2 meter and the different receiver coils are of dl = 60 mm, ds=20mm and r = 280 mm. The signal generator frequency is used at an voltage of 20 V which uses the sin wave signal to correctly transmit the signal that has been needed by the resonance frequency of 10 MHz and with the calculated frequency the efficiency has been calculated and it is given as 64.01% at 2 meter distance.
The resonance frequency used for the first model is very much similar to the second model as the two different types of coils are same in terms of wire length, number of turns and the same diameter.
As depicted in the first model, there has been a calculation of the overall efficiency of the two transmitters single receiver model at the different angles which also shows effect and decreases the overall efficiency with the overall increase in the corresponding angle.
Table 4.2 : Experimental result of efficiency at different angles (Ɵ) for second model.
Difference between experimental and simulation results
In the following section, there has been strict comparison between the results of the two different model used in the study. The two types of models used are single transmitter single receiver and the two transmitters single receiver of the wireless power transfer system.
Single transmitter single receiver results of the model
It has been found that different simulation results are very much varied from the experimental results as a result of the total imperfection obtained in the overall implementation of the two different coils that has the similar parameters used in the simulation as a result of the ohmic losses in the different conducting coils of the wireless power transfer system.
The highest efficiency at Ɵ=0 in the different results obtained in the simulation experiment is 85.36% as compared to the experimental results of 75.68%. It is about 10 % lower than the different results obtained in the simulation experiments. The resonant frequency in the overall simulation results is 9 MHz and si about 1 MHz than the results obtained in the experimental; results.
Ɵ)
Ƞ(sim)
Ƞ(exp)
Table 4.3: Simulation and experimental results of efficiency with different angles (Ɵ) for the first model.
Two transmitters two receiver results of the model comparison results
The second model also follows the same results as in cases of the results obtained in the resonant frequency in the first model. The experimental results are different from the simulation results due to the imperfection in the coils with the similar parameters used in the first model in the above experiment. The highest efficiency at Ɵ=0 in the different simulation results is 65.48% but in the experimental results is 60.78%, which accounts for more than 5 % lower in the simulation results . The resonant frequency in the overall simulation results is 9 MHz and is about 1 MHz than the results obtained in the experimental results in the first model.
The overall efficiency with the angle increment at the overall experimental results of the first model has dropped to about 56% while it also has reduced to 38% in the second model. It is analyzed from the above conclusions that the second model has helped in the depiction of far better conclusion as differentiate to the first model used in the evaluation of the study.
Table 4.4 : Simulation and experimental results of efficiency with different angles (Ɵ) for the second model.
In the following thesis, the emphasis is given on the designing of a wireless power transfer system at a distance of two meters with the most efficiency. The parametric study for the single transmitter receiver has been conducted to examine the radius of the coil, height of the coil, number of the turns in the coil and the overall angle obtained among the transformer and the acceptor. It has helped to develop the overall efficiency from 76% to 86%.
After the successful conduction of the parametric study carried out on the single transmitter receiver of a wireless power transfer system the experiment have also been conducted on the parametric study on the two transmitters single receiver coli of two wireless power transfer system(Chen et al. 2016). The stud has been carried out on the radius of the coil, height of the coil, number of turns in the coil, radius of the transmitter loop and the angle between the transmitter and the receiver which has also increased the overall efficiency at angle Ɵ= 30 from 40 to 45%.
The different types of simulation results have also been verified with the help of the experimental results which has helped to increase the overall efficiency of more than 15% lower than the simulation results (Ahn and Gindovanlo, 2016). There is overall difference in the reflection and the empirical consequence due to the overall imperfection of producing the different types of coils in the wireless power transfer system.
The two single transmitter receiver models have a more wide coverage area field in comparison to the single transmitter receiver in the coils of the wireless power transfer system. It has been demonstrated by the different analysis and its results by taking in to account the overall efficiency of the angle between the transmitter and receiver of the different types of coils in the wireless power transfer system.
Based on the above limitations and the final conclusions drawn from the above work, the following research issues and the aspects would help in providing a more natural and progressive scenario to the completed work in the underlined thesis:
The maximum use of the helical wire in the wireless power transfer system to improve the overall efficiency of the two used models in the underlined study.
To provide an in depth analysis of the effect of the misaligned axis between the receiver and transmitter of the two models in the wireless power transfer system.
The repeated use of the parametric study of investigation considering the two transmitter single receiver coil without relying too much on the effect of the result obtained from the first model used in the wireless power transfer system.
The consideration of the more uses of the more than two transmitter receiver coils rather than the use of the single receiver in the wireless power transfer system
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Sikder, M.K.U., Fallon, J., Shivdasani, M.N., Ganesan, K., Seligman, P. and Garrett, D.J., (2017). Wireless induction coils embedded in diamond for power transfer in medical implants. Biomedical microdevices, 19(4), p.79-82.
Song, C., Huang, Y., Zhou, J., Carter, P., Yuan, S., Xu, Q. and Fei, Z., (2017).Matching network elimination in broadband rectennas for high-efficiency wireless power transfer and energy harvesting. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 64(5), p.3950-3961.
Ta, S.X., Park, I. and Ziolkowski, R.W., (2015). Crossed Dipole Antennas: A review. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 57(5), p.107-122.
Tang, X., Zeng, J., Pun, K.P., Mai, S., Zhang, C. and Wang, Z., (20180. Low-Cost Maximum
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Thilina, K.M., Tabassum, H., Hossain, E. and Kim, D.I., (2015). Medium access control design for full duplex wireless systems: challenges and approaches. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(5), p.112-120.
Timotheou, S., Krikidis, I., Karachontzitis, S. and Berberidis, K., (2015). Spatial domain simultaneous information and power transfer for MIMO channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 14(8), p.4115-4128.
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Xiong, K., Fan, P., Zhang, C. and Letaief, K.B., (2015). Wireless information and energy transfer for two-hop non-regenerative MIMO-OFDM relay networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 33(8), p.1595-1611.
Xu, S., Zhang, Y., Jia, L., Mathewson, K.E., Jang, K.I., Kim, J., Fu, H., Huang, X., Chava, P., Wang, R. and Bhole, S., (2014). Soft microfluidic assemblies of sensors, circuits, and radios for the skin. Science, 344(6179), p.70-74.
Yang, G., Ho, C.K., Zhang, R. and Guan, Y.L., (2015).Throughput optimization for massive
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Yin, J., Lin, D., Lee, C.K. and Hui, S.R., (2015).A systematic approach for load monitoring and power control in wireless power transfer systems without any direct output measurement. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(3), p.1657-1667.
Zargham, M. and Gulak, P.G., (2015). Fully Integrated On-Chip Coil in 0.13$\mu {\rm m} $ CMOS for Wireless Power Transfer Through Biological Media. IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems, 9(2), p.259-271.
Zeng, Y. and Zhang, R., (2015). Optimized training design for wireless energy transfer. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 63(2), p.536-550.
Zhong, W.X., Zhang, C., Liu, X. and Hui, S.R., (2015). A methodology for making a three-coil wireless power transfer system more energy efficient than a two-coil counterpart for extended transfer distance. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(2), p.933-942.
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Randlev Church
The chancel and nave of this church are from c. 1200, and both original portals still remain. The porch is a later addition, and a ridge tower was set up in 1891 to replace a previous construction.
The original chancel arch, with a relief frieze depicting Adam and Eve and pictures of Christ is completely unique.
The early 16th century triptych shows Christ between the five wise and the five foolish virgins. The centre panel shows the Madonna and child above the saints Katarina and Barbara who each are stepping on their oppressors: the Emperor Maxentius with the wheel and Barbara?s father, with the tower where she was incarcerated in the background. The side panels show the 12 apostles.
The font has a Romanesque bowl.
The vicarage is from 1749 and it was St. St. Blicher`s home 1811-19.
Open during the sexton's working hours. Keys are available. For further details, please see the notice board.
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Kanye West Cancels the Rest Of His Saint Pablo Tour Dates
A representative for Kanye West confirmed to Pitchfork this morning that, following an abruptly cancelled makeup concert in Los Angeles and abbreviated set in Sacramento, West has cancelled the remaining dates on the Saint Pablo tour. Tickets will be "fully refunded at point of purchase,” according to reps.
Prior to these events, on Thursday night, West had unleashed a volley of his political opinions at an audience in San Jose, including the fact that he did not vote in the 2016 presidential election, but that if he had, he would have “voted for Donald Trump,” and hinted that he might seriously be considering a 2020 run for office. The tour, in support of his 2016 album, The Life of Pablo, kicked off in August, and was heralded by several large-scale pop-up stores of his concert merch across the world.
Update: Kanye West was reportedly placed under observation at a Los Angeles area hospital Monday afternoon after Los Angeles police responded to a medical welfare call, according to multiple authorities familiar with the case. There was no criminal activity involved; the decision to hospitalize West was for his own health and safety, the sources said.
TopicsKanye WestMusician
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Support Frequently Asked Questions History
During the March dumps of 1991, Richard Woolcott and Tucker Hall, set off on a snowboard trip that would forever change their lives. Tucker had just been laid off from work but that wouldn’t stop him from attending his routine Tahoe trip to visit Nathan Fletcher and Mark Gabriel. After riding four days of fresh powder, Richard called work with the excuse that they were snowed in and extended his stay. For more than a week, they awoke every morning with two new feet of snow. It was their first real experience riding powder and the new obsession wouldn't stop there.
Two weeks later Richard quit his job to take some time off and snowboard. He and Tucker had also talked of starting a clothing company during the Tahoe trip but nothing was really finalized. Later that spring, the two came up with the idea of starting a riding company based around the three sports they enjoyed (snowboarding, skateboarding and surfing). With an initial $5,000 from Richard's dad, they started the process. First came the name, then came the stone and Volcom was born.
The Volcom idea would incorporate a major philosophy of the times, "Youth Against Establishment". This energy was an enlightened state to support young creative thinking. Volcom was a family of people not willing to accept the suppression of the established ways. This was a time when snowboarding and skateboarding was looked down upon and the U.S. was in a recession with riots in LA and the Gulf War breaking out. Change was in the air.
For the first two years, Richard and Tucker traveled around the world on wild journeys with friends riding whatever they could. The business side of things was minimal. The headquarters were set up in Newport Beach in Richard's bedroom and all sales were run out of tucker's bedroom in Huntington Beach. The two knew nothing about how to make clothes but that didn't matter. It was all about spirit and creativity. Clothing sales for the first year were $2,600.
Since those wild beginnings, the Volcom Stone has spread slowly across the world. The company has matured internally but continues to run off the same philosophy it started with. The Volcom thinking now flows through its art, music, films, athletes and clothing.
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Chris Lilley Is Bringing Back One of His Popular Characters in His New Show
Australian comedian Chris Lilley, the man behind series like Summer Heights High and Angry Boys, is working on a mysterious TV project, and he announced yesterday via Twitter and Facebook that he’s bringing back one of his old characters in the series. Lilley’s new show is a six-part half-hour comedy for Australian network ABC, but that’s all we really know about it. In his post, Lilley linked to an ABC network poll about which of his characters is coming back. The options for the poll are Jonah, Ja’mie, and Mr G from Summer Heights High; Gran and the twins from Angry Boys; and Phil Olivetti from We Can Be Heroes. Trying to guess with that poll is a great way to fill the zillion years before we get Lilley’s new show in the States.
chris lilley
Chris Lilley Is Bringing Back One of His Popular […]
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August 27, 2015 at 4:17 pm EDT | by Jeffrey Hops
Enough is enough — Sanders stands for real reform
Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)
Let’s start with the basics: Over the past decade, full LGBT civil rights has become a core platform plank of the Democratic Party, and all the current candidates for the Democratic nomination for president are supportive of LGBT issues, even those candidates that may have been resistant to LGBT rights in the past. While Bernie Sanders may have been ahead of his time to advocate for gay rights as early as 1971, we are truly blessed that in 2015, all our Democratic presidential candidates take our side and understand our issues.
This is true not only of LGBT issues, but of almost all the issues that concern Democratic voters. Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, Martin O’Malley, Lincoln Chafee, and Vice President Biden all support a living wage for workers, expanded opportunities for employment, comprehensive educational assistance, truly progressive taxation; meaningful campaign finance reform; humane immigration policy; action to fight global warming; women’s economic and reproductive rights; racial justice; and substantial reform of our criminal justice system. Meanwhile, the Republican Party offers nothing but a smorgasbord of homophobia, racism, sexism, xenophobia, warmongering, reality-denial, bluster and pandering to the worst prejudices of the plutocracy.
The recent sharp stock market sell-off, based on global economic instability and continued weak growth, have reminded us that in many respects, the “Great Recession” is not over, and that the reforms that should have been implemented to prevent its recurrence have fallen short. Since 2009, the power of Wall Street has repeatedly intervened to block legislation, regulation and prosecution. Investment bankers, CEOs, hedge fund managers have taken the economic productivity gains of the last three decades for themselves, while the standard of living for lower-income Americans has actually decreased. During the Great Recession, the banks were bailed out, but not people.
The hundreds of thousands of people who have become involved in Bernie Sanders’ presidential campaign and gone to his rallies are responding to the reality that American democracy has become corrupted by the vast tidal waves of Wall Street and corporate cash. Banks, oil companies, corporate lobbyists, law firms, venture capitalists and defense contractors have the ears (and other parts) of our elected officials. But children in poverty, the mother who works three jobs, the college student with $100,000 of debt do not. Sen. Sanders’ supporters instinctively understand that presidential candidates that have received millions of dollars in corporate contributions are not going to bite the hands that feed them. Sanders’ supporters are saying, “Enough is enough.”
The Bernie Sanders campaign is not about Bernie himself; it is about demonstrating to the country that candidates that truly speak for the people can run and win, and about building a movement of federal, state and local candidates not beholden to corporate sponsorship. We want to show that left-wing candidates can win without the blessing of the establishment media who, for the most part, dismiss low-cash campaigns as quixotic and unworthy of attention. The Sanders campaign wants to show that free social media and good old-fashioned people power can overcome the dynamics that, according to a recent well-known Princeton study, have already turned our democracy into an oligarchy.
Establishment Washington, naturally, is skeptical of the Sanders campaign, believing, as it always has, in “incremental change,” “working within the system” and in “not letting the perfect be the enemy of the good.”
As a result, Democratic as well as Republican elected officials continually make concessions to a small cadre of the ultra-wealthy and corporate donors who have set the parameters of acceptable debate. Many Democrats continue to support job-killing trade deals and the fossil fuel economy long past the time when their deleterious effects have been conclusively demonstrated. “Pragmatism” has co-opted both our passion and our compassion. And as a result, we edge ever closer to a future where the middle class of the United States has been eviscerated, where a few oligarchs own everything and the rest us are left to homelessness, squalor, disease, starvation and environmental catastrophe. In so many countries around the world, this is already the reality. This is the vision to which the American oligarchy aspires.
It is time for all of us to stand up and say, with Sen. Sanders, “Enough is Enough!”
Bernie Sanders supporters marched in the Baltimore Pride Parade this year. (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)
Jeffrey Hops, a resident of Columbia Heights, is an attorney. He has previously served on the board of the Gertrude Stein Democratic Club and as a congressional staffer.
Bernie SandersDemocratic PartyHillary ClintonJoe BidenLGBTLincoln ChafeeMartin O’Malley
Jeffrey Hops
August 27, 2015 at 10:23 pm EDT at 10:23 pm
Excellent summary of Bernie’s positions and philosophy. The new environment, using social media and lots and lots of smaller donations, can beat out the money of the 1%.
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Labor fight roils Bernie Sanders campaign, as workers demand the $15 hourly pay the candidate has proposed for employees nationwide
Democrats introduced a bill on Jan. 16 to raise the federal minimum wage from the current $7.25 per hour to $15 per hour by 2024.
Reporter covering national politics
Unionized campaign organizers working for Sen. Bernie Sanders’s presidential effort are battling with its management, arguing that the compensation and treatment they are receiving does not meet the standards Sanders espouses in his rhetoric, according to internal communications.
Campaign field hires have demanded an annual salary they say would be equivalent to a $15-an-hour wage, which Sanders for years has said should be the federal minimum. The organizers and other employees supporting them have invoked the senator’s words and principles in making their case to campaign manager Faiz Shakir, the documents reviewed by The Washington Post show.
Sanders has made standing up for workers a central theme of his presidential campaigns — this year marching with McDonald’s employees seeking higher wages, pressing Walmart shareholders to pay workers more and showing solidarity with university personnel on strike. The independent from Vermont has proudly touted his campaign as the first presidential effort to unionize its employees, and his defense of the working class has been a signature element of his brand of democratic socialism and a rallying cry for the populist movement he claims to lead.
Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) called on Walmart to increase wages at the company’s annual shareholder meeting on June 5.
Details about the negotiations between Shakir and the union representing Sanders’s campaign workers have not been publicly reported until now. A review of emails, instant messages and other documents obtained by The Post show that the conflict dates back to at least May and remains unresolved. The documents were provided to The Post on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the private talks.
The Sanders campaign late Thursday issued a statement lauding its union contract. “We know our campaign offers wages and benefits competitive with other campaigns, as is shown by the latest fundraising reports,” Shakir said. “Every member of the campaign, from the candidate on down, joined this movement in order to defeat Donald Trump and transform America. Bernie Sanders is the most pro-worker and pro-labor candidate running for president. We have tremendous staff who are working hard. Bernie and I both strongly believe in the sanctity of the collective bargaining process and we will not deviate from our commitment to it.”
It was unclear when or whether Sanders had been made aware of the situation.
In a statement issued earlier Thursday night, the union representing the campaign workers, United Food & Commercial Workers Local 400, said it could not comment “on specific, ongoing internal processes between our members and their employer.”
“As union members, the Bernie 2020 campaign staff have access to myriad protections and benefits secured by their one-of-a-kind union contract, including many internal avenues to democratically address any number of ongoing workplace issues, including changes to pay, benefits, and other working conditions,” the statement said.
“We look forward to continuing to work closely with our members and the management of the Bernie 2020 campaign to ensure all workers have dignity and respect in the workplace.”
A draft letter union members earlier had prepared to send Shakir as soon as this week said that the field organizers “cannot be expected to build the largest grassroots organizing program in American history while making poverty wages. Given our campaign’s commitment to fighting for a living wage of at least $15.00 an hour, we believe it is only fair that the campaign would carry through this commitment to its own field team.”
The draft letter estimated that field organizers were working 60 hours per week at minimum, dropping their average hourly pay to less than $13. It said that “many field staffers are barely managing to survive financially, which is severely impacting our team’s productivity and morale. Some field organizers have already left the campaign as a result.”
Field organizers are the lowest caste in politics apart from unpaid volunteers — often people in their 20s who uproot themselves and move to far-flung parts of the country to work long hours and gain campaign experience in high-stress environments.
By encouraging these workers to unionize, Sanders and his campaign opened a path to negotiate for more than the low wages that typically have prevailed in past campaigns. They are seizing the opportunity.
The Sanders campaign made history in March when it announced that all employees below the rank of deputy director would be represented by a union.
“We’re honored that his campaign will be the first to have a unionized workforce,” Shakir said in a statement at the time. Other campaigns have followed suit, with workers unionizing in at least two other active campaigns: those of Sens. Elizabeth Warren (Mass.) and former housing secretary Julián Castro.
The union and the Sanders campaign reached a collective bargaining agreement that went into effect on May 2 and expires on March 31, 2021. The agreement established wage classifications for national and state staff, ranging from $15 an hour for interns and canvassers to $100,000 annual salaries for bargaining unit deputies.
Field organizers, who are on the front lines of the campaign’s crucial voter contact efforts, were to be paid not by hours worked but via an annual salary set at $36,000. Regional field directors were to be paid $48,000 annually, and statewide department directors were allocated $90,000 per year.
It was not completely clear why the wage dispute began so swiftly after the campaign and the union reached the initial agreement, though at that point the campaign had yet to assemble its sprawling roster of field organizers. But on May 17, Shakir convened an all-staff meeting, during which he recommended raising the pay for field organizers to $42,000 and changing the workweek specifications, according to an email he later wrote to staff. The union draft indicated he was seeking to extend the workweek to six days.
Shakir pressed for a swift vote so he could make budget decisions and decide how many field organizers to hire, according to his email.
The union rejected his offer, because the raise would have elevated field staff to a pay level responsible for paying more of their own health-care costs, according to the draft proposal the union was preparing this week.
The campaign workers decided to press harder. On July 11, dozens logged into Slack, the popular instant-messaging service used by the campaign’s employees, and began bombarding Shakir with appeals to raise pay for field organizers.
“Hi @Faiz,” the messages began. They poured in from across the country.
“I am struggling financially to do my job, and in my state, we’ve already had 4 people quit in the past 4 weeks because of financial struggles,” wrote one field organizer. Another employee said his co-workers “shouldn’t have to get payday loans to sustain themselves.”
A third said he supported the demands for higher wages “because I need to be able to feed myself.” A fourth quoted a line Sanders often uses in speeches, writing, “As you know, real change never takes place from the top on down, it always takes place from the bottom on up.”
The messages caught Shakir’s attention, and later that day he sent an email to the staff thanking them for their comments. “I do believe you are owed an explanation for the situation we find ourselves in,” he wrote in an email obtained by The Post.
In his email, Shakir recapped his thinking from May 17 and expressed regret with the outcome.
“I have no idea what debates and conversations were had, but candidly, it was a disappointing vote from my perspective,” he wrote of the union’s decision to reject his proposal. “But the campaign leadership respected the union process and the will of the membership.”
Shakir said that it would be damaging to the campaign’s budget to implement a pay hike after expanding field staff based on previously planned salary figures. In conclusion, he said, he would negotiate the matter only through the channels established by the union arrangement.
This week, the union, in conjunction with the Sanders campaign staffers it represents, has been preparing to send Shakir a new proposal. According to a draft of the proposal obtained by The Post, they are asking for $46,800 for field organizers and $62,400 for regional field directors.
The draft also asked the campaign to cover 100 percent of the health-care costs for employees making $60,000 per year or less. Under the current agreement, the campaign pays all premiums for salaried employees making $36,000 or less per year. Those making more are covered at a rate of 85 percent.
It also requested that the campaign reimburse field staff for automobile transportation at $0.58 per mile.
“We expect negotiations and concessions to be given to this committee by July 31st at the latest, given the urgent nature of raising pay for Field staff and the unsustainability of the current situation,” the draft said.
Sanders, meanwhile, has continued his push for a $15-an-hour wage across the country, hailing the bill recently passed by the House to set that as the federal minimum. In an online video, his campaign featured an Iowa woman who has fought cancer and says she is struggling on $8.25 an hour from her job at McDonald’s.
“Today, we say as loudly and clearly as we can to McDonald’s: Pay your workers a living wage and negotiate with a union!” Sanders says as the video concludes.
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Americans With Disabilities Act Signed By George H.W. Bush Expanded Rights Of Millions05:24
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President George H.W. Bush signs the Americans with Disabilities Act during a ceremony on the South Lawn of the White House on July 26, 1990. (Barry Thumma/AP)
President George H.W. Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act into law in 1990. It was landmark legislation that expanded rights and protections for millions of people. Bush, who died Friday at age 94, played a key role in its passage.
Here & Now's Jeremy Hobson talks with Marian Vessels, director of the Mid-Atlantic ADA Center in Maryland, who was at the ADA's signing.
This segment aired on December 3, 2018.
George H.W. Bush's Life Has Plenty Of Lessons For Today's Politics
In Helping Those With Disabilities, ADA Improves Access For All
How A Law To Protect Disabled Americans Became Imitated Around The World
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The Best Events on the Culinary Calendar This Week
Westword Staff | January 4, 2021 | 5:54am
Snag a saucy Burrorito tuna burrito for free this week.
It's going to take some time to recover from the twelve-month-long hangover that was 2020. But when you emerge from under the covers — refreshed, revived and rejuvenated — you'll find a welcome sight in the restaurant world: Dining rooms across Colorado can reopen on January 4, though with limited capacity.
Here are other events you'll want to mark on your culinary calendar:
Nab a giant burrito gratis on Wednesday, January 6, at Tacos Tequila Whiskey, 215 East Seventh Avenue. The Governor's Park location of this mini-chain is expanding beyond its namesake items by offering the full menu from Burrorito (a pop-up concept launched out of Fish N Beer last March) starting Friday, January 8 — but if you show up between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. on Wednesday, you can get a sneak preview for free. Pre-orders aren't accepted; just show up with your mask and a willingness to wait in line with fellow burritophiles. More info and the full menu are available on Burrorito's Instagram page.
Restaurant Roll Call: Every Opening and Closing in 2020
All Colorado Restaurants Could Reopen as Soon as Monday
Colorado Restaurants Attract National Media Attention
Let the bartenders at Nocturne help you decide what to drink.
New year, new you, new (and better) vegan recipes. On Thursday, January 7, Cook Street School, 43 West Ninth Avenue, is hosting an online plant-based cooking class, with recipes like farro salad with orange-turmeric dressing, harissa cauliflower steaks with white-bean purée, and apple-ginger crisp. Register for $50 (the cost includes an ingredient kit, which you can pick up between 3 and 5 p.m.) on Cook Street's website for the 6 p.m. interactive livestream.
Taking the easy route — pouring a beer and turning on a tried-and-true playlist — has its place, but sometimes we're in the mood for something new. On Thursday, January 7, scratch that itch with Nocturne's cocktail class. For $30 per person, you'll get a cocktail kit with ingredients and recipes for multiple drinks along with a Zoom link for the lesson. Your bartender will also provide recommended tunes, and you can add on dinner (fried chicken, frites, a burger or a charcuterie board) for a full evening of bites and beverages. Pick up your cocktail kit after 4 p.m. at the jazz bar, 1330 27th Street, on Thursday, then log on to Zoom at 6:30 p.m. for the lesson. Can't make it at the stroke of 6:30, or even this Thursday? No worries: You'll get a recording of the lesson to access any time, and Nocturne offers a new lesson every week. Order on Tock.
If your sourdough starter didn't survive 2020, start anew with Rebel Bread's Bread Camp.
Rebel Bread bakery, which is currently selling its wheaty wares at the Farmers Market LSQ, 1445 Larimer Street, is launching a virtual baking academy this month, with online classes tackling a variety of sweet and savory baked goods. Up first? The Art of Tarts from 9 to 11 a.m. on Sunday, January 10, where you'll learn how to make a pat-in-the-pan crust and a pastry cream tart. Sign up for $39 on Rebel Bread's website, where you can also find a list of ingredients you'll need as well as details on future classes. Mark your calendars for classes on pierogi (February 7 and 21), sourdough bread (a whole week of baking at Camp Bread from January 25 through 30), and bagels (February 7 and March 7)
Author Adrian Miller (left, shown here at Slow Food Nations) is hosting a virtual party for the inauguration of President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris.
Adrian Miller (also known as the Soul Food Scholar and the hustling-est Denver native we know) is hosting two virtual events in January. The first, Books & Beyond, is in partnership with the Denver Public Library Friends Foundation on Monday, January 11, at 5:30 p.m. It will focus on Miller's change of career from attorney to food historian and author, and include the lowdown on his favorite restaurants and recipes. RSVP no later than Tuesday, January 5, on the Foundation's website; while the discussion is free, a donation to the Foundation is encouraged.
Plan ahead:
And on Wednesday, January 20, Miller is celebrating the inauguration of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris with Presidential Soul: A Virtual Presidential Inauguration Event. Attendees will get recipes for four tribute menus being prepared by chefs around the country; music and dancing; discussions with Black chefs who worked for previous presidential administrations and were subjects of Miller's second book, The President's Kitchen Cabinet: The Story of the African Americans Who Have Fed Our First Families From the Washingtons to the Obamas; and author Jesse J. Holland, who's written two books on the history of enslaved people in Washington, D.C., and the White House. Buy your ticket ($46 before January 15, $70 after) on Eventbrite, where you can also find the program for the entire evening.
Major props to the Flatirons Food Film Festival, one of the few food events that knows the true meaning of the word "postpone." As in: The festival was postponed from October 2020, to January 2021. We implore other food event organizers to take a page out of FFFF's book and stop claiming, "Our bacon-brownie-burger-burger bash has been postponed from July 2020 to July 2021," when what they really mean is, "We've canceled our overcrowded festival this year because the world is on fire." In addition to the correct and not-common-enough understanding of the term, the Fest has made another great decision in moving the celebration completely online from Thursday, January 28, through Friday, February 5. See films about about Los Angeles chef Evan Funke's life after walking away from his restaurant Bucato (Funke); indigenous chefs fighting to maintain their traditional food ways (Gather); the quest for elusive wild cacao and the perfect, sustainable chocolate (Setting the Bar); and a period piece about a cook seeking his fortune in the early-nineteenth-century Wild West (First Cow). You can get an all-access pass to watch the complete festival schedule — ten features and three short films — for just $90, or two-, four- and six-packs for $22 to $80 on the Fest's website.
Know of an event that belongs on this calendar? Send information to cafe@westword.com.
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Amy Tan is a gifted storyteller whose first novel, The Joy Luck Club (1989), met with critical acclaim and huge success. The relationships it details between immigrant Chinese mothers and their Chinese American daughters came from Tan’s firsthand experience. She was born in 1952 in Oakland, California, the daughter of immigrants who had fled China’s civil war in the late 1940s. She majored in English and linguistics at San José State University, where she received a BA in 1973 and an MA in 1974. After two more years of graduate work, Tan became a consultant in language development for disabled children and then a freelancer writing reports and speeches for business corporations. Bored with such work, Tan began writing fiction to explore her ethnic ambivalence and to find her voice. Since The Joy Luck Club, she has published several more novels — most recently The Valley of Amazement (2013) — as well as children’s books and The Opposite of Fate (2003), a collection of autobiographical essays. She is also a founding member of the Rock Bottom Remainders, a “literary garage band” made up of popular writers.
In Tan’s novel The Bonesetter’s Daughter (2001), one of the characters says, “Good manners are not enough. … They are not the same as a good heart.” Much of Tan’s writing explores those tensions between keeping up appearances and having true intentions. In the brief narrative that follows, the author deftly portrays the contradictory feelings of a girl with feet in different cultures. The essay first appeared in Seventeen, a magazine for teenage girls and young women, in 1987.
For another entertaining story about a cultural misunderstanding, read the next essay, Naomi Shihab Nye’s “Museum.”
I fell in love with the minister’s son the winter I turned fourteen. 1 He was not Chinese, but as white as Mary in the manger. For Christmas I prayed for this blond-haired boy, Robert, and a slim new American nose.
When I found out that my parents had invited the minister’s 2 family over for Christmas Eve dinner, I cried. What would Robert think of our shabby Chinese Christmas? What would he think of our noisy Chinese relatives who lacked proper American manners? What terrible disappointment would he feel upon seeing not a roasted turkey and sweet potatoes but Chinese food?
On Christmas Eve I saw that my mother had outdone herself 3 in creating a strange menu. She was pulling black veins out of the backs of fleshy prawns. The kitchen was littered with appalling mounds of raw food: A slimy rock cod with bulging eyes that pleaded not to be thrown into a pan of hot oil. Tofu, which looked like stacked wedges of rubbery white sponges. A bowl soaking dried fungus back to life. A plate of squid, their backs crisscrossed with knife markings so they resembled bicycle tires.
And then they arrived — the minister’s family and all my relatives 4 in a clamor of doorbells and rumpled Christmas packages. Robert grunted hello, and I pretended he was not worthy of existence.
Dinner threw me deeper into despair. My relatives licked the ends 5 of their chopsticks and reached across the table, dipping them into the dozen or so plates of food. Robert and his family waited patiently for platters to be passed to them. My relatives murmured with pleasure when my mother brought out the whole steamed fish. Robert grimaced. Then my father poked his chopsticks just below the fish eye and plucked out the soft meat. “Amy, your favorite,” he said, offering me the tender fish cheek. I wanted to disappear.
At the end of the meal my father leaned back and belched 6 loudly, thanking my mother for her fine cooking. “It’s a polite Chinese custom to show you are satisfied,” explained my father to our astonished guests. Robert was looking down at his plate with a reddened face. The minister managed to muster up a quiet burp. I was stunned into silence for the rest of the night.
After everyone had gone, my mother said to me, “You want to 7 be the same as American girls on the outside.” She handed me an early gift. It was a miniskirt in beige tweed. “But inside you must always be Chinese. You must be proud you are different. Your only shame is to have shame.”
And even though I didn’t agree with her then, I knew that 8 she understood how much I had suffered during the evening’s dinner. It wasn’t until many years later — long after I had gotten over my crush on Robert — that I was able to fully appreciate her lesson and the true purpose behind our particular menu. For Christmas Eve that year, she had chosen all my favorite foods.
Naomi Shihab Nye is an accomplished writer of poetry, fiction, and prose for young readers and adults alike. Born in 1952 in St. Louis, Missouri, she earned a BA in English and world religions from Trinity University in 1974 and teaches as a visiting writer at schools and colleges across the country. Growing up, Nye was enchanted by the lyricism of her father’s Palestinian folktales and her mother’s American lullabies; she published her first poem in a children’s magazine when she was seven years old. Since then, Nye’s entranced and entrancing writing has appeared regularly in The Horn Book, The Texas Observer, World Literature Today, and other magazines and in her wide-ranging books, including Habibi (1997), a young-adult novel based on Nye’s own time living in Jerusalem as a teenager; Sitti’s Secrets (1994) and Benito’s Dream Bottle (1995), picture books for children; and Honeybee (2008), poems and essays for adults. She has also compiled or translated several anthologies of world and student poetry, among them This Same Sky (1992) and Salting the Ocean (2000). In 2010 Nye was elected a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. She lives in San Antonio, Texas, and enjoys singing.
Themes of human connection and cultural exchange run throughout Nye’s work. In this story from Honeybee, she leads us fleeing giddily from an honest mistake. Like all of her writing, this romp shows Nye’s unparalleled exuberance for everyday life and her skill at expressing it.
The preceding essay, Amy Tan’s “Fish Cheeks,” also tells a tale of embarrassment.
I was 17, and my family had just moved to San Antonio. A 1 local magazine featured an alluring article about a museum called the McNay, an old mansion once the home of an eccentric many-times-married watercolorist named Marian Koogler McNay. She had deeded it to the community to become a museum upon her death. I asked my friend Sally, who drove a cute little convertible and had moved to Texas a year before we did, if she wanted to go there. Sally said, “Sure.” She was a good friend that way. We had made up a few words in our own language and could dissolve into laughter just by saying them. Our mothers thought we were a bit odd. On a sunny Saturday afternoon, we drove over to Broadway. Sally asked, “Do you have the address of this place?” “No,” I said, “just drive very slowly and I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.” I peered in both directions and pointed, saying, “There, there it is, pull in!” The parking lot under some palm trees was pretty empty. We entered, excited. The museum was free. Right away, the spirit of the arched doorways, carved window frames, and elegant artwork overtook us. Sally went left; I went right. A group of people seated in some chairs in the lobby stopped talking and stared at us.
“May I help you?” a man said. “No,” I said. “We’re fine.” I didn’t 2 like to talk to people in museums. Tours and docents got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in? I took a deep breath, and moved on to another painting — fireworks over a patio in Mexico, maybe? There weren’t very good tags in this museum. In fact, there weren’t any. I stood back and gazed. Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the lobby had stopped chatting. They seemed very nosy, keeping their eyes on me with irritating curiosity. What was their problem? I turned down a hallway. Bougainvilleas and azaleas pressed up right against the windows. Maybe we should have brought a picnic. Where was the Moorish courtyard? I saw some nice sculptures in another room, and a small couch. This would be a great place for reading. Above the couch hung a radiant print by Paul Klee,1 my favorite artist, blues and pinks merging softly in his own wonderful way. I stepped closer. Suddenly I became aware of a man from the lobby standing behind me in the doorway.
“Where do you think you are?” he asked. I turned sharply. 3 “The McNay Art Museum!” He smiled then, and shook his head. “Sorry to tell you. The McNay is three blocks over, on New Braunfels Street. Take a right when you go out of our driveway, then another right.” “What is this place?” I asked, still confused. He said, “Well, we thought it was our home.” My heart jolted. I raced past him to the bottom of the staircase and called out, “Sally! Come down immediately! Urgent!” I remember being tempted to shout something in our private language, but we didn’t have a word for this. Sally came to the top of the stairs smiling happily and said, “You have to come up here, there’s some really good stuff! And there are old beds too!” “No, Sally, no,” I said, as if she were a dog, or a baby. “Get down here. Speed it up. This is an emergency.” She stepped elegantly down the stairs as if in a museum trance, looking puzzled. I just couldn’t tell her out loud in front of those people what we had done. I actually pushed her toward the front door, waving my hand at the family in the chairs, saying, “Sorry, ohmygod, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.” Sally stared at me in the parking lot. When I told her, she covered her mouth and doubled over with laughter, shaking. We were still in their yard. I imagined them inside looking out the windows at us. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything, either. “That was really friendly of them!” “Get in the car,” I said sternly. “This is mortifying.”
The real McNay was fabulous, splendid, but we felt a little 4 nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso, Tamayo.2 This time, there were tags. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else weird happened.
We never 5 told anyone.
Thirty years later, a nice-looking woman approached me in a 6 public place. “Excuse me,” she said. “I need to ask a strange question. Did you ever, by any chance, enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”
Thirty years later, my cheeks still burned. “Yes. But how do 7 you know? I never told anyone.”
“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting with my family talking 8 in the living room. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings changed about my parents after that too. They had good taste. I have always wanted to thank you.”
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Post by CrowsNest » Sun Jun 24, 2018 2:29 am
The End wrote: Why do we need "List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards?"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_c ... _vineyards
Judging by the sea of redlinks in column two, the main purpose of the list appears to be to ensure Wikipedians are properly motivated to write Wikipedia articles for vineyards and wineries owned by celebrities.
Perhaps a rename to "List of wineries and vineyards owned by celebrities" would help usher this wretched thing to its rightful doom?
Post by The End » Mon Jun 25, 2018 5:18 am
CrowsNest wrote:
Or at least "demote" it to a category like "wineries and vineyards owned by celebrities" (and, believe me, we could have an entire thread dedicated to "crap or questionable categories").
Post by ericbarbour » Fri Jun 29, 2018 6:10 pm
Jesus, this looks like a petty backstab on a government official who has been dead a long time:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Hollis
Almost 80% of this article is blubber about "Mole allegations", something WHICH WAS NEVER PROVED, okay?? Just because Peter Wright whinged about something in his book doesn't make it true.
Wright retired in January 1976, upon reaching age 60, and, by his own account, was enraged at being denied a pension for his 30 years of service, on highly legalistic and technical grounds. He emigrated to Tasmania, Australia, where he wrote an account of his work at MI5. Despite attempts by Margaret Thatcher's government to suppress the publication and distribution of Spycatcher, it was finally published in 1987, and eventually sold over two million copies around the world.[11]
Try asking that looney UK government fan Dormskirk why he cares about this shit so much. Is he just a dedicated follower of the "espionage biz", or is he a UK government mole looking to control WP content about "people Whitehall don't like"? I could ask the same about several other major contributors to the Hollis article. One of them, Petrus Magnus, did very little outside of sniping at Roger Hollis.
Post by ericbarbour » Sat Jun 30, 2018 11:22 pm
Still a heavily-vandalized article, despite its obscurity:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Spiegel
The highest-paid person on earth, according to this. His article only dates from 2013 (apparently), the #1 editor thereof is infamous vandalism patroller Bbb23, and the first three edits in the history (which has been chopped up heavily) look like this:
(cur | prev) 06:04, 14 February 2013 Jim1138 (talk | contribs) m . . (22 bytes) (-235) . . (Reverted edits by 149.160.242.63 (talk) to last revision by Marcus Qwertyus (HG)) (undo)
(cur | prev) 06:03, 14 February 2013 149.160.242.63 (talk) . . (257 bytes) (+235) . . (←Redirected page to Asshole) (undo)
(cur | prev) 14:29, 25 December 2012 Mark Schierbecker (talk | contribs) . . (22 bytes) (+22) . . (#REDIRECT Snapchat)
Clear signs of oversight being used to keep Spiegel from threatening the WMF in court.
Some people are hated loads more than Trump (or Hillary), okay?
Post by AndrewForson » Sun Jul 01, 2018 3:30 pm
ericbarbour wrote: Clear signs of oversight being used to keep Spiegel from threatening the WMF in court.
Nothing so sinister: userid Marcus Qwertyus was renamed to Mark Schierbecker.
Post by ericbarbour » Tue Jul 03, 2018 9:54 pm
Pointed out by a friend:
http://www.njohnson.co.uk/
Ring modulators have been around for a long time, first developed for telephone systems, and now used extensively in radio telecomms, and since the 1950s also in electronic music. I've written up some of the history of the ring modulator since my efforts at correcting the wikipedia page seem to upset the electronic music crowd.
Not sure which editing account he was using, but there's some hilarious squabbling on the talkpage for "Ring modulation", with this part being extra-"autistic":
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ring ... ng_sources
Binksternet again. Nothing but assholes here....
Ah, found it, on a different article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_mixer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Nigelj
I *THINK* that's the same guy. Maybe.
Still a badly written and sourced article, and Nigelj fought with people back in 2004-2008 after writing the bulk of the mathematical section
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?ti ... id=7489312
Some old shitstorming on the talkpage
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Freq ... om_article
He did Wikipedia a great favor, and was "rewarded" by being chased away. A story I've heard a thousand times before.
Mentioned partly because Johnson likes to argue with people on the Muff Wiggler forum:
https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewt ... c&start=25
Warning: long barely-readable thread. Whether you have an engineering degree or not.
Post by ericbarbour » Sat Jul 28, 2018 2:14 am
Checking in on something I've posted before. Wikipedians often attempt to "fix society" by wiki. A hopeless and doomed idea, but that doesn't stop them from making content, and fighting over it!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_James_Boyd
Major editor: an obvious WP addict and ADHD sufferer named Elinruby. Works in IT, predictably. Look at the talkpage archives. Second major contributor, Beanyandcecil, is obsessed with the Shock collar article, and has been grinding it since 2010. He appears to have a sockpuppet, Vectronn.
Let random crazy people write something, and you get (shock horror) random crazy. And sometimes they try to be judge and jury.
(fwiw I spent much of my childhood growing up in Albuquerque. Its police department has "enjoyed" a dark reputation for violence and corruption and craziness for more than 100 years. Multiple federal lawsuits and other attempts at reform have been of questionable effectiveness. Mr. Boyd remains dead, and the two guys who did him in, continue with their lives. And nothing in that town changes.)
Post by ericbarbour » Thu Aug 09, 2018 10:27 pm
A giant bizarre mess:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_s ... t_abortion
Mostly the work of one freak. Who was later banned as an abusive sock.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Beachcomb
The alleged main account, Guessing Game, reeks of ADHD craziness, and i do NOT see a clear connection. Guessing Game was really (too) fond of this article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_a ... characters
Post by Strelnikov » Fri Aug 10, 2018 2:23 pm
ericbarbour wrote: Jesus, this looks like a petty backstab on a government official who has been dead a long time:
There are people who think Harold Wilson, Prime Minister from 1965-70 and 1974-76, was also a Soviet mole, and MI5 kept a file on him because he was too comfortable with the USSR for their liking. Stephen Dorril and Robin Ramsey (Lobster magazine) wrote their book Smear!: Wilson and the Secret State (1992) to show how British intelligence went after Wilson for years with the help of the Conservative Party. Some of the talk about Roger Hollis being a Soviet mole is scapegoating for MI5 failures during the 1950s-1960s, some of it might be revenge for this line:
In the same essay, Saunders wrote of the Communist Party of Great Britain: ‘In the international communist movement, the British party was a laughing stock, correctly assumed to be so thoroughly penetrated that it was virtually a branch of the Security Service. As [MI5 Director General] Roger Hollis told the home secretary in 1959, “we [have] the British Communist Party pretty well buttoned up.’ It was more than mere containment, says [David] Cornwell, who ran agents into the party. “We kept it afloat. In fact, we owned it.”’
Since MI5 had known about the Soviet subsidies to the CPGB since the 1930s and not exposed them, ‘We kept it afloat’ is literally true.
That's Robin Ramsey writing in his "View from the Bridge" column in Lobster back in 2015, quoting Francis Saunders in the London Review of Books. The Communist Party of Great Britain went under after the USSR did, replaced by a number of other British communist parties, some of whom predated the 1990s. The other element keeping the "Hollis: was he or wasn't he?" question alive was the chance to write books keeping your pet theory going; (Henry) Chapman Pincher wrote Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders and Cover-Ups: Six Decades of Espionage Against America and Great Britain in 2009 when he was 95, rehashing Peter Wright's arguments that Hollis was a Soviet mole. I think that Pincher (who had been doing investigative journalism on spies since the 1950s) knew what sells and what doesn't and that blaming one guy is more emotionally satisfying than admitting that British counterespionage was full of unimaginative careerists and people firing in the dark.
Still "Globally Banned" on Wikipedia for the high crime of journalism.
Post by ericbarbour » Thu Aug 23, 2018 9:37 pm
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BOOK REVIEW Leaving India
by Yasmin Nair
This article shared 3216 times since Sun Aug 1, 2010
Written by Minal Hajratwala, $26; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 430 pages
It's hard to read either fiction or non-fiction about India or Pakistan without wondering about the proliferation of trees in peoples' backyards. Without fail, a writer reveals a simple childhood musings under a banyan, mango or tamarind tree. A sticky-sweet narrative laden with every cliché involving silk, henna, jasmine flowers and spices wraps that moment. Inevitably, a tragedy strikes people due to repression ( they can't marry whom they love! ) and ancient internecine battles ( too hard to understand but that's just how those people function! )
Minal Hajratwala was born in San Francisco and raised in New Zealand and suburban Michigan before returning to the city of her birth. My Family's Journey is her account of a century-long series of migrations undertaken by her family. The scrupulously researched and documented book will be an engrossing revelation for those who are used to imagining Indians as bearers of ancient traditions who never leave their homelands. Only one tree, bearing tamarinds, appears momentarily in her mother's family's backyard.
Hajratwala's paternal great-grandfather Motiram Narsey left India in 1909, making his way to the Fiji Islands where he established "one of the largest department stores in the South Pacific Isles." Her great-great-uncle Ganda Kapitan went to South Africa at the tender age of eleven in 1904. At seventeen, Kapitan inherited a small eatery in Durban that became a successful institution.
Hajratwala's maternal grandfather Narotam left for Fiji in 1931, and opened a wholesale clothing business. After a period of prosperity, he died poor. His son Champak became friends with Bhupendra Narsey, who married Hajratwala's mother, Bhanu. Hajratwala has 36 first cousins scattered in nine countries.
Today, Hajratwala—a queer journalist, poet and performer—occupies multiple identities. Her story and that of her family could have been rendered in syrupy terms, its members painted as enterprising and brave travelers. But Leaving India lays bare the complexity of migration, its cultural and economic hardships, and the dark underside of the many departures and arrivals. Including, for instance, the realities of race in South Africa.
When her great-great uncle arrived in Durban, one contemporary referred it to as "a second-rate Bombay" because it contained a concentrated population of Indians who were segregated and confined to the city and its outskirts, making its famous Grey Street neighborhood the largest "Little India" in the world. But in apartheid South Africa, Indians were accorded a higher status than native Africans, about whom both whites and Indians told strange stories. One Indian lawyer wrote that Black South Africans "are the descendants of some of the slaves in America who managed to escape from their cruel bondage and migrated to Africa." The lawyer was Gandhi.
Race is as complicated in the United States, where Hajratwala's parents migrate as the beneficiaries of immigration laws that favor educated professionals from India. Growing up in suburban Michigan, Hajratwala struggled to understand why she never fit: "I was a brown body, and did not know what that meant: that blending in completely would be impossible, that I could never disappear into the "melting pot" described in our history lessons on the ideal American immigration." Yet, she contextualizes her feelings within the larger context of Michigan's racial landscape, "a landscape shaped by successive waves of racism" and white flight from cities to suburbs.
But while her racial and ethnic identities are obvious, her sexuality is less so. Among relatives, she repeatedly encounters the question, "When are you getting married?" She writes, "There are people in my extended family who will read for the first time here that I am a lesbian… [ t ] here will be a minor conflagration… [ a ] nd then it will pass…Grace, joy, love, gratitude: these too are elements of my path. When I touch my lover's hand in the dark, I know what the goddess wrote for me."
It's that last sentence that reveals Hajratwala's quintessentially Californian self ( to echo other stereotypes ) , and the book has a tendency to meander into such fuzziness. Despite these minor failings, Leaving India remains an important and clear-eyed look at the realities behind the diasporas of our modern world.
Nair can be reached at nairyasmin@yahoo.com .
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How Videogame Software Built a Better Mountain-Bike Track
The city of Portland, Oregon is currently most famous for a culinary scene that features coffee, food carts, breweries, and a TV show that satirizes all three. The city itself is also located just minutes away from world-class mountain biking locales—if you could only escape the rain long enough to enjoy them. A new indoor facility called the Lumberyard aims to fix that by bringing out the best obstacles for year-round use, and its design employs some surprising software.
phase-floorplan-b
Computer-rendered overview of the various indoor tracks at the Lumberyard.
Portland, Oregon is most famous for its love of coffee, its fascination with food carts, and its home-grown breweries, and, of course, a TV show that satirizes all three. But it's also know for its awesome mountain biking, if you can stand the rain. A new indoor bike track called the Lumberyard fixes that by bringing out the best obstacles for year-round use, and its design employs software used more often for making video games than for building riding trails.
The project is the brainchild of Will Heiberg, a former artist and a producer for Liquid Development, a consultancy design firm that helps develop props and environments for games like Halo and Mass Effect 2. As a serious mountain biking enthusiast, and former vice-president of the mountain biking nonprofit Northwest Trails Alliance, he determined to put his technology skills to use in building an indoor mountain bike park where everyone could ride anytime they please.
The result is the Lumberyard, a 48,000-square foot facility that features jump lines and technical trail riding obstacles that are scaled for various levels of difficulty, from absolute beginners to X-Games gold medalist Bruce Crisman.
Pulling from his digital design background, Heiberg created his preliminary plan for the project in Autodesk Maya, then dropped it into Unreal Engine, a popular and advanced video game design tool that integrates separate factors like rendering, AI, realistic physics, lighting and animation into one cohesive product. "It will do a real-time pre-visualization so we could walk our investors through the whole facility,” explains Heiberg.
Given enough time, Heiberg could have even coded BMX riders to test the virtual facility for him. Unreal Engine allows developers to drop in stock characters with accessories like rocket launchers to add to the verisimilitude of the game, but “we didn’t really think that would help sell the concept,” he said.
So instead of designing virtual characters, Heiberg recruited real-life expert Joe Prisel, a long-time BMX rider and one of the builders behind pioneering indoor bike park Ray’s MTB, in Cleveland, Ohio. Prisel is one of the top park designers in the world, and for the Lumberyard he partnered with fellow designer Matthew Mangus. Together, Prisel, Mangus and Heiberg worked to construct Heiberg’s vision, but adjusted to take into account real riders’ abilities.
"Joe’s been doing this for over twenty years, so he went in with a really good idea of what was going to work and what wasn’t," Heiberg said. For tabletop jumps, "First, they built the takeoff and the landing, then they’d jump it. As soon as the jump feels right, they built the deck in the middle.”
"I had a lot of interesting ideas that weren’t going to work,” Heiberg admitted. "You’ve ridden one of those box jumps—how cool would it be to have three different options, a little more lip, and depending on how good you are you could hit three different features. Joe convinced me that you need that room on either side to have a big margin. It’s going to be hard to ride the narrower lines, and it’ll increase your exposure and narrow your margin of error.”
Heiberg’s plans will likely be keeping Prisel busy for the time being. The Lumberyard currently has plans for a 20,000-foot expansion, and every few months, Heiberg and his team rotate out park obstacles like the rock gardens and teeter-totter. "That keeps it interesting and fresh,” Heiberg notes, and keeps the Lumberyard a place where local BMX celebrities like Paddy Gross and Brad Tibbet can grab a beer at the bar and trade high-fives with beginners who are just starting their first shaky trip down the pump track.
"Don’t feel intimidated,” Heiberg said. “Just let me know when you’re coming down and I’ll ride with you. I wanted to create a community where everyone could ride together.”
Photos and images: Courtesy Will Heiberg
Adrienne So is a senior writer for WIRED and reviews consumer technology. She graduated from the University of Virginia with bachelor’s degrees in English and Spanish, and she worked as a freelance writer for Cool Hunting, Paste, Slate, and other publications. She is currently based in Portland, Oregon.
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‘Is it enough?’: Mnuchin, Powell testify on country’s economic response to COVID-19
Posted: May 19, 2020 / 06:57 PM EDT / Updated: May 20, 2020 / 08:41 AM EDT
WASHINGTON (NEXSTAR) ─ Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin and Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell testified in a virtual U.S. Senate hearing Tuesday morning, warning that a continued shutdown could lead to permanent economic damage.
“It is so important to begin bringing people back to work in a safe way,” Mnuchin said.
But with some states reopening, he also said he’s optimistic that the country will bounce back.
“We expect economic conditions to improve in the third and fourth quarter and into next year,” he said.
Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Massachusetts, grilled Mnuchin on how relief money is being spent.
“You say the economy is going to recover, it’s going to take jobs in order for that to happen,” she said. “Are you going to require companies that receive money from this half a trillion-dollar slush-fund have to keep people on the payroll?”
“We expect people to use their best efforts to support jobs,” he replied.
Sen. Jack Reed, D-Rhode Island, said the nation can’t recover if our state and local governments don’t get the support they need.
“It’s been estimated there are 20 million jobs in state and local governments, they contribute 8.5% of national GDP,” Reed said.
Trillions of dollars are being spent to keep the economy moving, but not everyone agrees on whether more relief money will be needed.
“Before we rush out and do another spending bill we should actually let some of this stuff go to work,” Sen. Patrick Toomey, R-Pennsylvania, said.
Powell said Congress may need to do more to get the country back on track.
“This is the biggest shock we’ve seen in living memory, and the question looms in the air of, ‘Is it enough?'” Powell said.
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Taylor Swift wins top prize, the Weeknd dominates at AMAs
By MESFIN FEKADU AP Music Writer
ABC/AP
In this screen shot provided by ABC on Sunday, Nov. 22, 2020, Taylor Swift accepts the award for artist of the year at the American Music Awards at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles.
SOURCE: ABC/AP
Taylor Swift won her third consecutive artist of the year prize at the American Music Awards, but she missed the show for a good reason: She said she's busy re-recording her songs' masters after her catalog was sold.In a video that aired during Sunday's awards show, the pop star said “the reason I’m not there tonight is I’m actually re-recording all of my old music in the studio where we originally recorded it. So it’s been amazing. And I can’t wait for you to hear it."Last year music manager Scooter Braun — who manages Justin Bieber and Ariana Grande — announced that his Ithaca Holdings company had acquired Big Machine Label Group, the home to Swift’s first six albums. This month Braun said he has sold the master rights to Swift’s first six albums to an investment company; Swift acknowledged the sale on social media and said she would not work with the new buyers because Braun was still involved.Instead, she began re-recording her albums.Swift beat out Bieber, Post Malone and Roddy Ricch to win the top award. She also won favorite music video and favorite pop/rock female artist.The Weeknd lost artist of the year, but he still kicked off his all-star week as a big winner: Days before he’s expected to land multiple Grammy nominations, the pop star dominated the 2020 American Music Awards with multiple wins.The 30-year-old won favorite soul/R&B male artist, favorite soul/R&B album for “After Hours" and favorite soul/R&B song for “Heartless” on Sunday, two days before the 2021 Grammy nominations are announced.Related video: Taylor Swift Speaks Out After Scooter Braun Sells Her Masters for $300 Million“The last time I received this award it was given to me by the late, great Prince," he said after winning favorite soul/R&B album. “And, you know, he’s the reason I get to constantly challenge the genre of R&B and yeah, I’d like to dedicate this to him,” he said.The Weeknd didn’t break character throughout the three-hour show with his gauze-wrapped face, which matched the vibe of his recent album and music videos where he appears blooded and bruised. He accepted his awards and performed with his face wrapped in gauze.Kenny G joined the Weeknd for his performance, playing the sax in downtown Los Angeles as the Weeknd walked across a bridge singing “In Your Eyes.” He finished the performance singing “Save Your Tears.”The Weeknd was one of several artists who appeared live at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles for the fan-voted awards show. Others recently taped their performances because of the coronavirus pandemic, though host Taraji P. Henson — who appeared live from the venue — said the few audience members sitting in the mezzanine practiced social distancing, wore masks and were tested for the virus.Henson joked that A-list celebrities were in the audience, including Beyoncé, though cardboard cut-out of the singer, Jay-Z and other stars appeared in seats.But a good number of chart-toppers were in the building. Breakthrough singer-rapper Doja Cat performed and won multiple honors, including new artist of the year and favorite soul/R&B female artist. Grammy-winning country duo Dan + Shay beautifully performed “I Should Probably Go to Bed” and won collaboration of the year and best country song for “10,000 Hours," both shared with Bieber. And Megan Thee Stallion — won favorite rap/hip-hop songs for “WAP" with Cardi B — performed “Body" from her recently released debut album “Good News."Bieber and Shawn Mendes kicked off the AMAs with a pre-taped performance of their new duet “Monster," marking the first time they performed the song together. It began with a stripped-down Bieber singing his recent hit “Lonely," with songwriter-producer Benny Blanco on piano, and “Holy," where background dancers wearing masks joined him. Mendes, strumming his guitar, then appeared for “Monster," which featured the twentysomethings singing lyrics about about fame and growing up as celebrities who attracted massive public attention. Mendes later sang his song “Wonder" during the show, which aired on ABC.Katy Perry, in her first performance since giving birth to her first child, gave a strong performance of the emotional and hopeful song “Only Love,” which featured a surprise guest appearance from Darius Rucker, who sang and played guitar. With flaming red lights glaring behind her, Billie Eilish sang her new song “Therefore I Am,” as her brother-songwriter-producer Finneas backed her on guitar. Jennifer Lopez and Maluma teamed up to perform their new songs “Pa’ Ti” and “Lonely” from the film “Marry Me,” which both of them star in, while Dua Lipa — who won favorite pop/rock song — levitated in the air during her performance of “Levitating.”24kGoldn and Iann Dior — who currently have the country's No. 1 song with the smash hit “Mood," also performed. The multigenre track is the rare song that has reached No. 1 on both the rap and rock charts.Other performers included BTS, Bad Bunny, Lewis Capaldi, Machine Gun Kelly, Lil Baby, Bell Biv DeVoe and Nelly, who performed hits from his diamond-certified debut album “Country Grammar," which celebrates its 20th anniversary this year.This year the AMAs, which typically awards one Latin honor, launched more categories in the genre. Becky G — who burst on the music scene in 2014 with the pop hit “Shower" but has recently had success singing in Spanish and launching hits on the Latin charts — won favorite Latin female artist.She used her speech to honor immigrant families.“I proudly wave both flags, Mexican and American. And like many, many children and grandchildren of immigrants, no matter where they’re from, we have learned from the ones before us what sacrifice and hard work looks like," she said. “And I dedicate this award to all of our immigrant workers in this pandemic; the students and immigrant families. It’s because of my family, my abuelitos, that I stand here today."Nominees for the AMAs were based on streaming, album and digital sales, radio airplay and social activity, and reflect the time period of Sept. 27, 2019, through Sept. 24, 2020.
Taylor Swift won her third consecutive artist of the year prize at the American Music Awards, but she missed the show for a good reason: She said she's busy re-recording her songs' masters after her catalog was sold.
In a video that aired during Sunday's awards show, the pop star said “the reason I’m not there tonight is I’m actually re-recording all of my old music in the studio where we originally recorded it. So it’s been amazing. And I can’t wait for you to hear it."
Last year music manager Scooter Braun — who manages Justin Bieber and Ariana Grande — announced that his Ithaca Holdings company had acquired Big Machine Label Group, the home to Swift’s first six albums. This month Braun said he has sold the master rights to Swift’s first six albums to an investment company; Swift acknowledged the sale on social media and said she would not work with the new buyers because Braun was still involved.
Instead, she began re-recording her albums.
Swift beat out Bieber, Post Malone and Roddy Ricch to win the top award. She also won favorite music video and favorite pop/rock female artist.
The Weeknd lost artist of the year, but he still kicked off his all-star week as a big winner: Days before he’s expected to land multiple Grammy nominations, the pop star dominated the 2020 American Music Awards with multiple wins.
The 30-year-old won favorite soul/R&B male artist, favorite soul/R&B album for “After Hours" and favorite soul/R&B song for “Heartless” on Sunday, two days before the 2021 Grammy nominations are announced.
Related video: Taylor Swift Speaks Out After Scooter Braun Sells Her Masters for $300 Million
“The last time I received this award it was given to me by the late, great Prince," he said after winning favorite soul/R&B album. “And, you know, he’s the reason I get to constantly challenge the genre of R&B and yeah, I’d like to dedicate this to him,” he said.
The Weeknd didn’t break character throughout the three-hour show with his gauze-wrapped face, which matched the vibe of his recent album and music videos where he appears blooded and bruised. He accepted his awards and performed with his face wrapped in gauze.
Kenny G joined the Weeknd for his performance, playing the sax in downtown Los Angeles as the Weeknd walked across a bridge singing “In Your Eyes.” He finished the performance singing “Save Your Tears.”
The Weeknd was one of several artists who appeared live at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles for the fan-voted awards show. Others recently taped their performances because of the coronavirus pandemic, though host Taraji P. Henson — who appeared live from the venue — said the few audience members sitting in the mezzanine practiced social distancing, wore masks and were tested for the virus.
Henson joked that A-list celebrities were in the audience, including Beyoncé, though cardboard cut-out of the singer, Jay-Z and other stars appeared in seats.
But a good number of chart-toppers were in the building. Breakthrough singer-rapper Doja Cat performed and won multiple honors, including new artist of the year and favorite soul/R&B female artist. Grammy-winning country duo Dan + Shay beautifully performed “I Should Probably Go to Bed” and won collaboration of the year and best country song for “10,000 Hours," both shared with Bieber. And Megan Thee Stallion — won favorite rap/hip-hop songs for “WAP" with Cardi B — performed “Body" from her recently released debut album “Good News."
Bieber and Shawn Mendes kicked off the AMAs with a pre-taped performance of their new duet “Monster," marking the first time they performed the song together. It began with a stripped-down Bieber singing his recent hit “Lonely," with songwriter-producer Benny Blanco on piano, and “Holy," where background dancers wearing masks joined him.
Mendes, strumming his guitar, then appeared for “Monster," which featured the twentysomethings singing lyrics about about fame and growing up as celebrities who attracted massive public attention. Mendes later sang his song “Wonder" during the show, which aired on ABC.
Katy Perry, in her first performance since giving birth to her first child, gave a strong performance of the emotional and hopeful song “Only Love,” which featured a surprise guest appearance from Darius Rucker, who sang and played guitar. With flaming red lights glaring behind her, Billie Eilish sang her new song “Therefore I Am,” as her brother-songwriter-producer Finneas backed her on guitar. Jennifer Lopez and Maluma teamed up to perform their new songs “Pa’ Ti” and “Lonely” from the film “Marry Me,” which both of them star in, while Dua Lipa — who won favorite pop/rock song — levitated in the air during her performance of “Levitating.”
24kGoldn and Iann Dior — who currently have the country's No. 1 song with the smash hit “Mood," also performed. The multigenre track is the rare song that has reached No. 1 on both the rap and rock charts.
Other performers included BTS, Bad Bunny, Lewis Capaldi, Machine Gun Kelly, Lil Baby, Bell Biv DeVoe and Nelly, who performed hits from his diamond-certified debut album “Country Grammar," which celebrates its 20th anniversary this year.
This year the AMAs, which typically awards one Latin honor, launched more categories in the genre. Becky G — who burst on the music scene in 2014 with the pop hit “Shower" but has recently had success singing in Spanish and launching hits on the Latin charts — won favorite Latin female artist.
She used her speech to honor immigrant families.
“I proudly wave both flags, Mexican and American. And like many, many children and grandchildren of immigrants, no matter where they’re from, we have learned from the ones before us what sacrifice and hard work looks like," she said. “And I dedicate this award to all of our immigrant workers in this pandemic; the students and immigrant families. It’s because of my family, my abuelitos, that I stand here today."
Nominees for the AMAs were based on streaming, album and digital sales, radio airplay and social activity, and reflect the time period of Sept. 27, 2019, through Sept. 24, 2020.
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'The right to vote is too important': Millions of mailed ballots not yet returned in key states
By CHRISTINA A. CASSIDY, Associated Press
Video above: President Trump wants decisive result on Election NightJust days before the presidential election, millions of mailed ballots have yet to be returned in key battleground states, and election officials warn that time is running out for voters who want to avoid a polling place on Election Day.At least 35 million mail ballots had been returned or accepted as of early Wednesday, according to data collected by The Associated Press. That surpasses the 33.3 million total mail ballots returned during the 2016 election, according to the U.S. Election Assistance Commission.Yet an estimated 1.9 million ballots were still outstanding in Florida, along with 962,000 in Nevada, 850,000 in Michigan and 1 million in Pennsylvania. In most states, the deadline for ballots to be received is Election Day.“Don’t wait until Election Day,” Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf implored voters this week. “Hand-delivering your own ballot now will give you the peace of mind that your vote will be counted, and your voice will be heard in this historic election.”Combined with early, in-person voting, at least 71.5 million votes have already been cast, more than the total number of advance votes four years ago.Many states made it easier to request a mail ballot this year amid the coronavirus pandemic and concerns about crowded polling places on Election Day.One challenge has been ensuring that voters who are not used to voting absentee return their ballots in time to be counted. Compounding concerns are mail delivery delays that have persisted across the country. Delivery data from the U.S. Postal Service does not offer much assurance that these ballots will reach their destinations if they have not already been mailed.Throughout the fall, as ballots moved through the postal system, the agency has consistently missed its goal to have more than 95% of first-class mail delivered within five days. In the week that ended Oct. 16, the most recently available weekly figures, the Postal Service reported a national on-time delivery rate of 85.5%. Postal districts in many presidential battleground states failed to reach even that mark.The district that covers the eastern part of Michigan, which includes Detroit and its suburbs, has had one of the country’s worst delivery rates — just 71.5% of first-class mail was on-time in mid-October.Michigan’s top election official was among those warning it was too late to try to return a ballot in the mail. She urged voters to use an official drop box or to return their ballot in person at their local election office.“We are too close to Election Day, and the right to vote is too important, to rely on the Postal Service to deliver absentee ballots on time,” Michigan Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson said.This year, Michigan has deployed hundreds of drop boxes across the state. The state’s ballot deadline is 8 p.m. Election Day.The same deadline holds for Wisconsin, after the U.S. Supreme Court rebuffed a Democratic effort to extend it. In the state’s April primary, some 80,000 ballots arrived after Election Day.Voters in the state appeared to be heeding the call to return ballots early, with only about 287,000 ballots outstanding out of some 1.8 million that were sent. That amounts to roughly 16% yet to be returned.Nevada voters have more time to return their ballots, which are not due until Nov. 10 if postmarked by Election Day. There, an estimated 962,000 ballots were still outstanding as of Wednesday, although it’s unlikely all those will be returned because the state decided to send a ballot to all 1.7 million active registered voters in the state. Some voters will choose to show up at the polls or just not cast a ballot.In Florida, 4 million of a record 6 million mail-in ballots requested had been returned as of Wednesday morning. The state was on pace to eclipse the return rate of 2016, when 81% of 3.3 million requested mail-in ballots were returned.To be counted in Florida, ballots must be received by 7 p.m. Election Day.“We are not necessarily concerned about the number of outstanding vote-by-mail ballots, other than trying to hammer home the message that postmarks will not count, and to get them in our office by Election Day,” said Danae Rivera-Marasco, spokeswoman for the Orange County supervisor of elections.Some voters are still waiting to receive their ballots.Abby Leafe, a registered Democrat who lives in suburban Philadelphia’s Bucks County, checked her mailbox Tuesday in vain for her ballot. She hopes to vote absentee but will go to the polls if she has to.“Making sure we have free and fair elections is worth getting COVID for,” said Leafe, a 46-year-old market researcher from Newtown.In Pennsylvania, the crush of mail-in votes is a record, more than 10 times the number received by counties in 2016′s presidential election.The current deadline for ballots in Pennsylvania to be received is three days after the election, but last-minute litigation could move that deadline to Election Day.In most states, voters who requested an absentee ballot but did not receive one in time or decided not to return it can still show up at their local polling place on Election Day and vote. In a few states, these voters could be required to cast a provisional ballot, which will be counted after the voter’s eligibility is confirmed and it's determined that they did not already cast their absentee ballot.Large numbers of voters showing up at polling places on Election Day after requesting an absentee ballot could trigger delays and long lines. The process for checking in will take longer, and casting a provisional ballot also is more involved.“Everything that adds time to that process is going to have an exponential effect down the line,” said Lisa Schaefer, executive director of the County Commissioners Association of Pennsylvania, whose members administer elections. “So we certainly encourage anyone who’s applied for a mail-in ballot to use that ballot as a safe and secure way to vote.”___Associated Press writers Scott Bauer in Madison, Wisconsin; Anthony Izaguirre in Lindenhurst, New York; Marc Levy and Mark Scolforo in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Sam Metz in Carson City, Nevada; and Terry Spencer in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, contributed to this report.
Video above: President Trump wants decisive result on Election Night
Just days before the presidential election, millions of mailed ballots have yet to be returned in key battleground states, and election officials warn that time is running out for voters who want to avoid a polling place on Election Day.
At least 35 million mail ballots had been returned or accepted as of early Wednesday, according to data collected by The Associated Press. That surpasses the 33.3 million total mail ballots returned during the 2016 election, according to the U.S. Election Assistance Commission.
Yet an estimated 1.9 million ballots were still outstanding in Florida, along with 962,000 in Nevada, 850,000 in Michigan and 1 million in Pennsylvania. In most states, the deadline for ballots to be received is Election Day.
“Don’t wait until Election Day,” Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Wolf implored voters this week. “Hand-delivering your own ballot now will give you the peace of mind that your vote will be counted, and your voice will be heard in this historic election.”
Combined with early, in-person voting, at least 71.5 million votes have already been cast, more than the total number of advance votes four years ago.
Many states made it easier to request a mail ballot this year amid the coronavirus pandemic and concerns about crowded polling places on Election Day.
One challenge has been ensuring that voters who are not used to voting absentee return their ballots in time to be counted. Compounding concerns are mail delivery delays that have persisted across the country. Delivery data from the U.S. Postal Service does not offer much assurance that these ballots will reach their destinations if they have not already been mailed.
Throughout the fall, as ballots moved through the postal system, the agency has consistently missed its goal to have more than 95% of first-class mail delivered within five days. In the week that ended Oct. 16, the most recently available weekly figures, the Postal Service reported a national on-time delivery rate of 85.5%. Postal districts in many presidential battleground states failed to reach even that mark.
The district that covers the eastern part of Michigan, which includes Detroit and its suburbs, has had one of the country’s worst delivery rates — just 71.5% of first-class mail was on-time in mid-October.
Michigan’s top election official was among those warning it was too late to try to return a ballot in the mail. She urged voters to use an official drop box or to return their ballot in person at their local election office.
“We are too close to Election Day, and the right to vote is too important, to rely on the Postal Service to deliver absentee ballots on time,” Michigan Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson said.
This year, Michigan has deployed hundreds of drop boxes across the state. The state’s ballot deadline is 8 p.m. Election Day.
The same deadline holds for Wisconsin, after the U.S. Supreme Court rebuffed a Democratic effort to extend it. In the state’s April primary, some 80,000 ballots arrived after Election Day.
Voters in the state appeared to be heeding the call to return ballots early, with only about 287,000 ballots outstanding out of some 1.8 million that were sent. That amounts to roughly 16% yet to be returned.
How to track your mail-in ballot
Nevada voters have more time to return their ballots, which are not due until Nov. 10 if postmarked by Election Day. There, an estimated 962,000 ballots were still outstanding as of Wednesday, although it’s unlikely all those will be returned because the state decided to send a ballot to all 1.7 million active registered voters in the state. Some voters will choose to show up at the polls or just not cast a ballot.
In Florida, 4 million of a record 6 million mail-in ballots requested had been returned as of Wednesday morning. The state was on pace to eclipse the return rate of 2016, when 81% of 3.3 million requested mail-in ballots were returned.
To be counted in Florida, ballots must be received by 7 p.m. Election Day.
“We are not necessarily concerned about the number of outstanding vote-by-mail ballots, other than trying to hammer home the message that postmarks will not count, and to get them in our office by Election Day,” said Danae Rivera-Marasco, spokeswoman for the Orange County supervisor of elections.
Some voters are still waiting to receive their ballots.
Abby Leafe, a registered Democrat who lives in suburban Philadelphia’s Bucks County, checked her mailbox Tuesday in vain for her ballot. She hopes to vote absentee but will go to the polls if she has to.
“Making sure we have free and fair elections is worth getting COVID for,” said Leafe, a 46-year-old market researcher from Newtown.
Fact Check: Can I change my vote? Internet searches spike after president’s tweet
In Pennsylvania, the crush of mail-in votes is a record, more than 10 times the number received by counties in 2016′s presidential election.
The current deadline for ballots in Pennsylvania to be received is three days after the election, but last-minute litigation could move that deadline to Election Day.
In most states, voters who requested an absentee ballot but did not receive one in time or decided not to return it can still show up at their local polling place on Election Day and vote. In a few states, these voters could be required to cast a provisional ballot, which will be counted after the voter’s eligibility is confirmed and it's determined that they did not already cast their absentee ballot.
Large numbers of voters showing up at polling places on Election Day after requesting an absentee ballot could trigger delays and long lines. The process for checking in will take longer, and casting a provisional ballot also is more involved.
“Everything that adds time to that process is going to have an exponential effect down the line,” said Lisa Schaefer, executive director of the County Commissioners Association of Pennsylvania, whose members administer elections. “So we certainly encourage anyone who’s applied for a mail-in ballot to use that ballot as a safe and secure way to vote.”
Associated Press writers Scott Bauer in Madison, Wisconsin; Anthony Izaguirre in Lindenhurst, New York; Marc Levy and Mark Scolforo in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; Sam Metz in Carson City, Nevada; and Terry Spencer in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, contributed to this report.
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Mini me: Deputy 'investigates' boy decked out in cop gear
Glen Rose High School Resource Officer Shane Tipton was on patrol in a housing development just outside Glen Rose during spring break when he drove past a young boy riding a bicycle. The boy waved at him, and something else caught his eye.
He turned his vehicle around and stopped to confirm what he had seen.
It may have seemed like a mirror image of himself as a boy, innocently playing cops and robbers.
The boy, 9-year-old Carter Templeton, was decked out in a vest, plus a toy gun belt, handheld (walkie talkie) radio, and even toy handcuffs.
Carter’s mother, Paige Templeton, was in their front yard monitoring his play and saw Tipton get out of his vehicle, in full uniform.
“His mom thought he was in trouble,” Tipton said of the Glen Rose Intermediate School third-grader.
But, Tipton explained, it was just a friendly stop fuelded by curiosity.
EVERYTHING BUT THE TASER
The first thing Tipton noticed was that Carter was wearing what looked like a bulletproof vest. As he looked closer, he realized the extent to which the youngster had equipped himself.
“He had a radio that looked as real as mine, and a duty belt, handcuff case, flashlight holder — he had the whole gear. He had a toy pistol with a real leather gun belt — exactly the same as mine — just this big,” Tipton said, motioning with his hands to show the boy’s tiny waist size.
About the only thing the boy didn’t have was a toy taser, Tipton noted.
Tipton said the boy told him, “Yeah, I’m on patrol every day. I check these houses (in his neighborhood).”
Carter’s father, Pryor Templeton, is a sergeant with the Texas Highway Patrol based out of Johnson County, his mother told Tipton.
“He said, ‘I want to be a cop, just like you and my dad,’ “ Tipton said. “It made me think about when I got into it. It wasn’t for the money. It was because it’s what I wanted to do. From a child, I always wanted to be a cop.”
Tipton pulled his own real-life bulletproof vest from his vehicle and put it on while Carter’s mother took photos of them beside his patrol vehicle.
Paige Templeton said, “His face lit up. It was adorable. He is obsessed with police officers and the police department. He loves it all.”
The vest Carter had on was actually an “Airsoft” vest, designed for protection while playing paintball.
Carter enjoys including some of the neighborhood kids in his law enforcement role playing, even “pulling them over” on their bikes to issue imaginary speeding tickets.
“He wants to be like that,” his mother said. “He wants to help people and get bad people off the streets. He has a very strong sense of right and wrong.”
Carter has an older brother, 12-year-old seventh grader Rylan, and 7-year-old first-grader Brynlee. But they have other interests, and never had Carter’s enthusiasm for law enforcement play.
Paige Templeton said the family moved to Somervell County about 15 years ago from Amarillo, where her husband was previously based with the DPS.
Tipton said it made an impression on him to see the youngster put law enforcement officers in a favorable light.
“It made me feel better and sleep better at night after I met him,” Tipton said. “He was positive, energetic and full of life. I told him I was glad, and proud for him. It refreshed my soul that somebody wanted to do the job — so enthusiastic, so positive.”
Paige Templeton said that Carter has always loved pretending to be a cop, although he also enjoys playing football and other sports.
“He’s an active little dude,” she said. “He wears me out.”
Tipton noted that parents should make sure that their children aren’t using a toy gun that looks too realistic. Toy guns sold nowadays have to have either a yellow or orange color so they can’t be mistaken for the real thing.
“Make sure it’s noticeably and appropriately marked, where it’s obviously a toy gun,” said Tipton, who moved to Somervell County from Silverton with his family in 1975, when he was in the second grade.
Tipton, who will turn 50 years old in April, has been in law enforcement for 25 years.
After a very brief stint (two weeks) as a correctional officer here, Tipton was promoted to a deputy position with the Somervell County Sheriff’s Office. He retired in 2012 and was a member of the state park police at Dinosaur Valley State Park for one year before returning to the Sheriff’s Office in 2014.
“(Former) Sheriff (Greg) Doyle asked me to come back to this job (as school resource officer), and teaching criminal justice,” said Tipton, who has TEA certification and teaches two such classes at Glen Rose High School.
Tipton said he was attending Tarleton State University, intending to become a coach and teacher, but “chose the law enforcement route instead.”
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Parrywinkle, March 22, 2018
Can't for the life of me pronounce it, but here's how it's spelled. Comhghairdeas. Which, in Irish Gaelic, means congratulations. And it goes out to all the participants in, as well as all the spectators at, this past Saturday's marvelous St. Patrick's Day Parade which wound its way along Main Road for the ninth year in a row to the obvious delight of families from far and wide for whom it has now become an annual tradition. And anseo ag súil long may it continue!
COSTA RICA CALLING - Meanwhile, it seems everywhere I turn these days, I bump into folks who have just returned from, or are heading down to, sunny Costa Rica. A vacation destination that my beautiful Sunshine and I have never visited to be honest. But, just for a change, we are currently checking it out.
People like Jacques Chevrier of Hudson Piscines & Spas who, incidentally, had a hit hot-tub going outside his store throughout the parade. Also Quarry Pointers Ozzie and Linda Voortman who, for a few years now, have made it their winter home-away-from-home. And, as I learned recently while getting a trim at Odyssey Medispa & Salon on route Harwood, hairstylist Zeina Abdulkarim who, together with 14 other local residents, had just returned from recharging their batteries at a week-long retreat co-hosted by Hudsonite Lianne Bridges of The Awakening Village fame and Sharon Cohen, a West Island naturopath.
Explained Zeina, who is entering her fourth season of Zeina's Kitchen Classes in her St. Lazare home and who actually spent most of her time in the kitchen and at local outdoor markets creating all the meals for the group, “It was such a wonderful time away from the business of one's regular life. To rest, restore, being out of the bubble of our everyday routines and surrounded by like-minded people, it was the perfect environment and a fabulous adventure to overcome uncertainties, let loose, and have fun while learning how to reconnect with our passions and purpose.
“To be hired as the cook for 15 people on a retreat was a first for me. I loved the experience and the women who all made it so magical. I am honoured to have been a part of it and, for sure, lifelong friendships were formed.” (See photos on our Facebook page).
BETTERING THE WORLD – I caught up with Lianne on the phone to discover that after leaving Costa Rica she was in Virginia, south of the border, with her two sons, Kaiden and Kerrsen for the Spring Break and taking in the Marine Corps Museum as 17-year-old Kaiden is currently training with the Canadian Army Reserve while studying at Dawson College.
He is obviously following in his father's footsteps in serving the community in that his dad, Robert Parkinson, who passed away in October, 2009, was a Hudson councillor from 2004 to 2009 and in whose memory a nature trail, The Parkinson Trail, was named although, according to Lianne, it has not yet been officially opened.
I was also fascinated to learn that The Awakening Village, founded here in her home basement seven years ago to 'bring people together to explore ways of using their passion and expertise to better the world while bringing prosperity to their own lives and those of others' has grown to include thousands of members from around the globe offering myriad resources, as well as group coaching and networking. Way to go Lianne!
GOING CONTINENTAL - Still on the food scene and continental scene at that, I just learned from Bill Young that the Wyman Breakfast group, which for the past six years or so has been organizing and hosting such guest-speaker breakfasts in the spirit of fellowship and camaraderie, is back after a winter hiatus at Wyman Memorial United Church, 513 Main, this Saturday, March 24, at 9 a.m. when the speaker will be Terry O'Shaughnessy, Executive Director of Hudson's Greenwood Centre for Living History. She will be unveiling the centre's special theme for 2018, Hats Off to Greenwood! while elaborating on its fascinating history as seen through the prism of the vibrant people who once called the historic house home and while there is no admission fee a freewill offering is always welcome!
HIT AT HVT - In closing, just a reminder that the Hudson Player's Club hilarious comedy Jack of Diamonds has its last showing at Hudson Village Theatre, 28 Wharf Road this Sunday, March 25, at 2 p.m. starring local actors and a hoot from start to finish. For reservations, go to hudsonplayersclub.ca or call (438) 923-6828. And enjoy the show!
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Kate Aldrich
You are here: Artists1 / Kate Aldrich
September 20, 2013 /in Mezzo-Soprano /by zgadmin
Hailed by the San Francisco Sentinel as “the Carmen of this Generation” after her debut with the San Francisco Opera, Kate Aldrich has performed the title role in Bizet’s opera to much critical acclaim in such theaters as the Bayerische Staatsoper in Munich, Deutsche Oper Berlin, Metropolitan Opera, Opernhaus Zürich and Arena di Verona. Commanding a wide repertoire which also includes the title role in La Cenerentola, Adalgisa in Norma, Charlotte in Werther and Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier, Aldrich has performed in other leading theaters throughout the world, including the Gran Teatre de Liceu in Barcelona, Teatro Colon de Buenos Aires, Staatsoper Hamburg, Teatro Comunale di Bologna, Teatro Regio di Torino, Washington National Opera, Los Angeles Opera, Theatre du Capitole de Toulouse, Opera de Marseille, Opera de Montpellier, Opera de Montreal, and Teatro Sao Carlos in Lisbon, as well as at the Salzburg Festival and Rossini Festival in Pesaro.
Aldrich began the 2019/20 season with her role and house debut as the Foreign Princess in Rusalka at the Theater an der Wien in, after which she sang her first Princess Eboli in Don Carlos for her debut at the Opéra Royal de Wallonie in Liège. She also appeared in concert in Puerto Rico and Salzburg. In the 2018/19 season, Aldrich debuted in the title role of La Belle Hélène in Hamburg. She also sang Bach’s St. Matthew Passion with the Orchestre National de Lyon and Marguerite in La Damnation de Faust with the Wiener Symphoniker. In addition to a series of concerts in Lyon singing Wagner’s Wesendonck Lieder, the soprano appeared in concert in Salzburg, New York City and Sun Valley. In the 2017/18 season, Aldrich made her role debut as Joan of Arc in The Maid of Orleans with Odyssey Opera in Massachusetts, after which she sang her first Verdi Requiem with the Pittsburgh Symphony. She also sang Carmen at the Hawaii Opera Theatre, performed in concert with the Zürich Chamber Orchestra, and appeared in galas with the Orchestre National de France and at the Avenches Opera Festival in Switzerland. Engagements for the 2016/17 season included Giulietta in Les contes d’Hoffmann at the Opera National de Paris and Los Angeles Opera, the title role in Carmen at the Bayerische Staatsoper in Munich, Semperoper Dresden, and in Tokyo under Charles Dutoit, Charlotte in Werther in San Juan, and her debut as Sister Helen Prejean in Dead Man Walking at the Lyric Opera of Kansas City.
Aldrich’s engagements from the 2015/16 season included Marguerite in La Damnation de Faust with Opera de Lyon, Arden Scott in Great Scott at the San Diego Opera, Rosmira in Handel’s Partenope in Paris, Amsterdam and Madrid, Carmen at the Verbier and Llangollen Festivals, and Statira in Spontini’s Olympie at the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées with the Cercle de l’Harmonie, conducted by Jeromie Rohrer. In the 2014/15 season, she sang the title role in Carmen with Opera de Lyon and the Vancouver Opera, later appearing in the same role at Choregies d’Orange opposite Jonas Kaufmann. She also sang Idamante in Idomeneo re di Creta with Opera de Lyon and Giovanna Seymour in Anna Bolena with Opera de Toulon and the Bolshoi.
In the 2013/14 season, Aldrich sang Adalgisa in Norma at the Metropolitan Opera, Leonore in a new production of La Favorite at the Theatre du Capitole de Toulouse, and Carmen at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, Opernhaus Zurich, and in Seoul and Beijing. Highlights from the 2012/13 season included her debut at the Opera National de Paris as Nicklausse/The Muse in Les contes d’Hoffmann, her debut in Zurich and Seoul as the title role in Carmen, and her debut with the Royal Concertgebeouw Orchestra in Amsterdam in Frank Martin’s Golgotha. She also sang Sesto in La clemenza di Tito with the Opera Municipal de Marseille and starred in the concert performances of Massenet’s Le Mage at the Massenet Festival in St. Etienne, a work that had not been performed in over 100 years. In 2012, Aldrich also made her debut at the Teatro Real de Madrid as Sesto, returned to the Teatro Regio in Torino as Adalgisa in Norma, and sang her first Romeo in Bellini’s I Capuleti e I Montecchi at the Caramoor Festival under Will Crutchfield.
In 2000, Kate Aldrich made her professional debut at l’Arena di Verona as Preziosilla in La forza del destino. She was soon thereafter chosen by legendary director Franco Zeffirelli to sing the role of Amneris in a new production of Aida, which was performed on the 200th anniversary of Verdi’s death in his hometown of Busseto, Italy. Aldrich then developed her repertoire with performances as the title role in Handel’s Giulio Cesare at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in Düsseldorf and Staatsoper Hamburg, Sesto in La clemenza di Tito in Prague, and Rosina in Il Barbiere di Siviglia and Isabella in L’italiana in Algeri at the Teatro Sao Carlos in Lisbon. She made her Carnegie Hall debut with the Opera Orchestra of New York as Frederic in a concert performance of Mignon and sang her first Charlotte in Werther opposite Roberto Alagna at the Teatro Regio in Torino, later repeating the role in Japan with Opera de Lyon. Aldrich returned to Torino as Orsini in Lucrezia Borgia and debuted at the Washington National Opera in the same role. She then made her debuts with both the San Diego Opera and Teatro Massimo in Palermo as Elisabetta I in Maria Stuarda.
Aldrich made her debut at the Salzburg Festival as Ascanio in Benvenuto Cellini, at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan as Rosina in Il Barbiere di Siviglia, and at the Pesaro Festival in the title role of Rossini’s Zelmira. Her first appearances at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona also marked her debut as Nerone in Monteverdi’s L’incoronazione di Poppea. Aldrich has also starred in revivals of such less performed works as Mariotte’s Salome with l’Opera de Montpellier and Massenet’s Don Quichotte at the Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires and in Tokyo. She appeared as Adriano in the Deutsche Oper Berlin’s new production of Wagner’s Rienzi and was also heard in the title role of Ernest Reyer’s rarely performed Salammbo in Marseille.
On the concert platform, Aldrich has performed Das Lied von der Erde with the Bologna Symphony and Eine Florentinische Tragoedie with the San Francisco Symphony, both under the direction of James Conlon. She has performed Eine Florentinische Tragoedie and Ravel’s Sheherazade with l’Opera de Montpellier and Stravinsky’s La Pulcinella and Debussy’s Le Martyre de Saint Sebastian with the Orchestra National de Radio France, under the baton of Daniele Gatti. Aldrich has also performed both the soprano and alto solo parts of La Petite Messe Solenelle at the Rossini Opera Festival in Pesaro and the Washington National Opera, respectively.
Several of Aldrich’s performances have been issued on DVD, including Benvenuto Cellini, La Favorite, Norma, Zelmira, Don Quichotte and Rienzi, as well as Werther opposite Roberto Alagna at the Teatro Regio di Torino. Ms. Aldrich has recorded Antoine Mariotte’s Salome on CD with l’Opera de Montpellier, as well as Massenet’s Le Mage at the Massenet Festival in St. Etienne, France.
www.katealdrich.com
https://www.zemskygreenartists.com/wp-content/uploads/ALDRICH-Kate-1.jpg 3720 5490 zgadmin https://www.zemskygreenartists.com/wp-content/uploads/ZG-Logo-Vector.svg zgadmin2013-09-20 12:59:052020-11-19 23:30:22Kate Aldrich
Veronica Villarroel Judith Forst
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MLB player Albert Almora Jr. brought to tears after foul ball hits child
The Wednesday night matchup between the Houston Astros and Chicago Cubs came to a screeching halt after a young fan was struck by a foul ball.
Play at Houston's Minute Maid Park was briefly paused after the ball, hit by Cubs player Albert Almora Jr., hit the girl. She was taken to a nearby hospital, but the Astros refused to provide any information on her condition.
"Our thoughts are with the entire family," the Astros said in a statement on Twitter.
Almora, who has two children of his own, dropped to his knees after the girl was hit, letting out a cry. Teammates were quick to comfort him. Almora later ventured into the stands, where a security guard hugged the sobbing player. The girl had already been rushed away by a man believed to be her father.
After Albert Almora Jr. struck a young fan with a foul ball, in between innings he went immediately over to that section to ask about the situation. You can see he is overwhelmed with emotion as him and the security guard have a moment. This is just a terrible & sad situation.pic.twitter.com/Yh3wWmDjhx
— Cubs Live (@Cubs_Live)May 30, 2019
"As soon as I hit it, the first person I locked eyes on was her," Almora said after the game, according to CNN. "... Obviously I didn't want that to happen and intend for that to happen.
"God willing, I'll be able to have a relationship with this little girl for the rest of my life. Prayers right now, and that's all I really can control."
Major League Baseball released a statement Thursday morning addressing protective netting that could have prevented the girl from being hit.
"The events at last night’s game were extremely upsetting," the statement said, in part. "Clubs have significantly expanded netting and their inventory of protected seats in recent years. With last night’s event in mind, we will continue our efforts on this important issue.”
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Yara launches miniature model of fertilizer containership
Yara International Asa has announced that a 6 m long model of the Yara Birkeland – an autonomous and zero emission container vessel – has been launched in SINTEF Ocean’s 80 m long sea laboratory in Trondheim, Norway.
Yara announced the partnership with Kongsberg to build the world’s first electric containership in May. The design was developed by Marin Teknikk and has now been revealed. Upon completion, Yara Birkeland, which is named after Yara’s founder, Kristian Birkeland, will transport fertilizer from the company’s production plant Porsgrunn to the container ports in Brevik and Larvik. By moving this transportation operation from road to sea, Yara claims that it will remove 40 000 journeys with diesel-powered truck transport per year. The vessel is scheduled to be launched in 1Q19.
Svein Tore Holsether, the President and CEO of Yara, said: “With this new autonomous battery-driven container vessel we move transport from road to sea and thereby reduce noise and dust emissions, improve the safety of local roads, and reduce emissions.
"It was a special moment in Trondheim when, together with our partners – Kongsberg, Marin Teknikk , SINTEF and ENOVA – we witness the design and demonstration of a miniature Yara Birkeland for the first time."
The model weighs 2.4 t, and includes technology that will be used on the real vessel, including a fully working thruster system designed by Kongsberg. The model will now undergo thorough testing at SINTEF’s test tanks before construction of the real vessel begins. The shipyard will reportedly be selected before the end of this year.
Geir Håøy, the President and CEO of Kongsberg, said: “Initial tests of the model were successful, proving both concept and the technology.
"The testing at SINTEF Ocean marks an important milestone in the development. This vessel is important for the entire maritime industry, and Yara deserves praise for their initiative and commitment. Yara Birkeland is the start of a major contribution to fulfilling national and international environmental impact goals, and will be a global milestone for seaborne transportation."
The development of the vessel has been supported by the Norwegian government, with ENOVA (the Norwegian government enterprise) granting NOK133.6 million to Yara towards the vessel’s construction. Yara claims that this will cover approximately one-third of the estimated cost.
Holsether added: “For the private sector, it is essential to have the government's support when we develop new technology and deliver bold innovations. It allows us to be daring.”
The CEO of ENOVA, Nils Kristian Nakstad, said: “The interest in autonomous transport is great, but at the same time, many are sceptical and question the safety. The key contribution from this project is to demonstrate that autonomous and electric sea transport is feasible, and will deliver the results we want.”
Read the article online at: https://www.worldfertilizer.com/materials-handling/02102017/yara-launches-miniature-model-of-fertilizer-containership/
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Mom donates hundreds of bottles of breast milk to Texas flood victims
A Missouri mom has donated more than 1,000 ounces of breast milk to Hurricane Harvey victims.Daniel Palmer of St. Louis told KMOV that she was devastated watching the flooding in Houston. "I can’t imagine being in a situation where you’re losing everything and just the fear of all of that," she said. While she was looking for a way to help, her son's speech therapist suggested she donate some of her breast milk. "We gave 1,040 ounces and we figured that up, if a normal baby gets three ounces, that's 346 feedings," said Palmer. "Whether you're pumping or feeding, whatever it may be, it's hard, and we're like mamma bears, we protect one another." Palmer would not have the extra supply of breast milk if it were not for the hardships of her youngest son. "Truett has a congenital heart defect along with other underlying anomalies. For a big chunk of his life, he was unable to take my milk. Most of his nutrition came through IV," said Palmer.Her generous donation will help mothers who lost their supply of breast milk when the power went out.
St. Louis, MO —
A Missouri mom has donated more than 1,000 ounces of breast milk to Hurricane Harvey victims.
Daniel Palmer of St. Louis told KMOV that she was devastated watching the flooding in Houston.
"I can’t imagine being in a situation where you’re losing everything and just the fear of all of that," she said.
While she was looking for a way to help, her son's speech therapist suggested she donate some of her breast milk.
"We gave 1,040 ounces and we figured that up, if a normal baby gets three ounces, that's 346 feedings," said Palmer. "Whether you're pumping or feeding, whatever it may be, it's hard, and we're like mamma bears, we protect one another."
Palmer would not have the extra supply of breast milk if it were not for the hardships of her youngest son.
"Truett has a congenital heart defect along with other underlying anomalies. For a big chunk of his life, he was unable to take my milk. Most of his nutrition came through IV," said Palmer.
Her generous donation will help mothers who lost their supply of breast milk when the power went out.
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Medical Aid Group Helps To Relieve Stress On New York's Health Workers
In New York state, more than 6,200 people have died from the virus. Governor Andrew Cuomo pointed out yesterday that's more than twice as many people as the state lost on Sept. 11.
ANDREW CUOMO: And I went through Sept. 11. I thought in my lifetime I wouldn't have to see anything like that again - nothing that bad, nothing that tragic.
KING: The health care system is stretched, but volunteer doctors and nurses have been traveling to New York, including some from the aid group International Medical Corps. Susan Mangicaro is leading their COVID-19 response in New York. She's a registered nurse, and she's with me this morning on Skype. Good morning, Susan.
SUSAN MANGICARO: Good morning.
KING: You have been working in Brooklyn, the Bronx and Queens, so hard-hit boroughs. Can you tell me what you've been seeing there?
MANGICARO: Sure. I've been with International Medical Corps for several years and responding to disasters all over the globe, including the United States. This is really unprecedented compared to anything I've ever seen. Our health care systems are really overloaded, overburdened. The staff is really struggling with being able to meet the needs of the patients unlike anything we've ever seen.
KING: Tell me how the doctors and nurses are doing. You say overwhelmed. What does that look like on the ground?
MANGICARO: It - well, making choices that we typically do not have to make, patients so critical that we're having to determine who can have the care first. They're doing the best that they can. They're exhausted. They're a little bit shell shocked because we're not accustomed to not being able to help so many of our patients.
They're doing the best that they can. They are getting more supplies. They are having more beds open up. But again, they're so stretched with so many patients that are overburdening the system that it's really very difficult for them to kind of go in day to day in conditions which are, you know, life-threatening to both their patients and themselves.
KING: Susan, what would you say is the most pressing problem that IMC is currently responding to?
MANGICARO: I think the most difficult thing that we're facing is being able to get enough staff in. That's the first and foremost thing that we're hearing from the front line, from the emergency department staff, and that is their staff not only are working long hours with more critical patients, which means you need more staff, but they're short on staff because their staff is going out sick, some COVID-positive, some just with other symptoms. And so getting the staff to come here because, as you know, this is not just a problem in New York. It's a problem across the country.
KING: Yeah.
MANGICARO: And so bringing people in. We have a wonderful list of volunteers who donate their time to come to the front lines and support us and support the hospitals here in New York.
KING: You mentioned that International Medical Corps often works in war zones. And you said that this is comparable to that?
MANGICARO: I would say as far as the ability to treat as many people as efficiently as you can and effectively as you can, it is. And it's also difficult because we're not accustomed to seeing that in our country.
MANGICARO: We're not accustomed to so many patients, you know, not making it, you know. And so that is extremely difficult for us, not having, in many cases, you know, in the past - it's getting better - sufficient supplies. But we're just not accustomed to that, you know, even in war-torn countries.
KING: Susan Mangicaro is with the International Medical Corps. She joined us on Skype. Susan, thank you so much for your time. I know how busy you are.
MANGICARO: Thank you so much. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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Arising out of the horror of the Spanish Civil War, a candidate for canonization is investigated by a journalist who discovers his own estranged father had a deep, dark and devastating connection to the saint’s life.While researching the life of Josemaria Escriva, the controversial founder of Opus Dei, the young journalist Robert uncovers hidden stories of his estranged father Manolo, and is taken on a journey through the dark, terrible secrets of his family’s past.
Director: Roland Joffé
Actors: Ana Torrent, Charlie Cox, Derek Jacobi, Dougray Scott, Jordi Mollà, Rodrigo Santoro, Wes Bentley
Country: Argentina, Spain, USA
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The story of Beatrix Potter, the author of the beloved and best-selling children’s book, ‘The Tale of Peter Rabbit’, and her struggle for love, happiness and success.
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All posts tagged G7
Post G7 bickering
Trump's G7 U-turn destroys trust, Europe must stick together: Germany's Maas https://t.co/exXcWBp8OT pic.twitter.com/POcLjwHeqR
— Reuters Top News (@Reuters) June 10, 2018
President @realDonaldTrump slams Canadian PM @JustinTrudeau on Twitter. https://t.co/fxgY5mfAY1 pic.twitter.com/9PLGmMPIMZ
— Fox News (@FoxNews) June 10, 2018
Reuters: U.S.-Canada spat escalates, Europeans criticize Trump’s G7 move
The United States and Canada swung sharply toward a diplomatic and trade crisis on Sunday as top White House advisers lashed out at Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau a day after U.S. President Trump called him “very dishonest and weak.”
The spat drew in Germany and France, who sharply criticized Trump’s decision to abruptly withdraw his support for a Group of Seven communique hammered out at a Canadian summit on Saturday, accusing him of destroying trust and acting inconsistently.
Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland responded to the White House comments by saying that Canada will retaliate to U.S. tariffs in a measured and reciprocal way and that Canada will always be willing to talk.
“Canada does not conduct its diplomacy through ad hominem attacks … and we refrain particularly from ad hominem attacks when it comes from a close ally,” Freeland told reporters in Quebec City on Sunday.
White House economic adviser Larry Kudlow accused Trudeau of betraying Trump with “polarizing” statements on trade policy that risked making the U.S. leader look weak ahead of a historic summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un.
Hours after Trump withdrew his support for the joint statement and attacked Trudeau, Kudlow and trade adviser Peter Navarro drove the message home on Sunday morning news shows in an extraordinary assault on a close U.S. ally and neighbor.
“(Trudeau) really kind of stabbed us in the back,” Kudlow, the director of the National Economic Council who had accompanied Trump to the summit of wealthy nations on Saturday, said on CNN’s “State of the Union.”
Trump seems to have stabbed Trudeau in his front.
Navarro told “Fox News Sunday”: “There is a special place in hell for any leader that engages in bad faith diplomacy with President Donald J. Trump and then tries to stab him in the back on the way out the door and that’s what bad-faith Justin Trudeau did with that stunt press conference, that’s what weak dishonest Justin Trudeau did.”
Some will see a lot of irony in “bad faith diplomacy with President Donald J. Trump”.
Trump seems to be increasing division between the US and the rest of the countries in G7, but prefers to deal with Russia.
Reuters: Russia’s Putin would be ready to host G7 in Moscow
Russia did not choose to leave the G7 and would be happy to host its members in Moscow, President Vladimir Putin said on Sunday when asked about U.S. President Donald Trump’s suggestion that Russia should have been at its latest meeting.
There is a special place in heaven for @JustinTrudeau. Canada, thank you for the perfect organisation of G7!
— Donald Tusk (@eucopresident) June 10, 2018
by Pete George on 11th June 2018 • Permalink
Tagged Canada, Chrystia Freeland, Donald Trump, EU, G7, Justin trudeau, Peter Navarro, stab, USA
Posted by Pete George on 11th June 2018
https://yournz.org/2018/06/11/post-g7-bickering/
G7 – trade issues remain
Trade issues remain after the latest G7 meeting in Canada.
Reuters: Trump demands end to ‘unfair’ trade after G7 summit
U.S. President Donald Trump told Group of Seven leaders that the United States wanted a quick end to trade practices that he says have led to an exodus of American companies and jobs to other countries.
This is someone who has been slapping tariffs on and threatening tariffs all over the place. And someone who pulled out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership as soon as he became president.
Trump, who angered his G7 partners last week with tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from Canada, the European Union and Mexico as part of his “America First” agenda, vowed to hold firm until U.S. goods had “fair” access to markets.
“The United States has been taken advantage of for decades and decades,” Trump said at a press conference on the second day of a two-day summit in Canada.
He said he had suggested to the other G7 leaders that all trade barriers, including tariffs and subsidies, be eliminated.
So why doesn’t he lead by example? otherwise this looks like posturing bullshit.
Reuters: G7 leaders on track for joint communique: French official
The leaders of the Group of Seven nations are on track to agree a joint communique when their summit ends later on Saturday, a French presidency official said, a day after diplomats cited deep splits over the proposed text.
The official though said the document would make clear that on topics such as the environment, the United States did not share the point of view of the other six members.
In a bid to ease tensions over trade, in particular U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum that infuriated other G7 members, officials were working on language about the international rules-based system that would lead the way to reforming the World Trade Organization, the official said.
It looks like the communique will try to paper over obvious cracks.
Reuters: Merkel says differences on trade remain despite joint G7 communique
Leaders of the G7 countries will stress the importance of rules-based trade in a joint communique but there were still differences between Europe and the United States on the issue, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said on Saturday.
“For us it was important that we have a commitment to a rule-based trade order, that we continue to fight against protectionism and that we want to reform the World Trade Organization,” Merkel told reporters after G7 talks in Quebec.
Merkel said there was a broad agreement among G7 leaders that tariffs and other trade barriers should be reduced.
“These are jointly shared principles, although the pitfalls lie in the detail,” she said.
The detail – al the exceptions to free trade?
Maybe some progress has been made at G7 but it’s not apparent.
Tagged Angela Merkel, Donald Trump, G7, trade
https://yournz.org/2018/06/10/g7-trade-issues-remain/
Trade confrontation looking likely at G7
The trade war escalation by Donald Trump may make for a testy G7 meeting in Canada.
Reuters: Trump sticks with hard line on trade as showdown looms at G7
U.S. President Donald Trump is not backing down from the tough line he has taken on trade, the White House’s top economic adviser said on Wednesday, setting the stage for a showdown with top allies at this week’s G7 summit in Canada.
The meeting on Friday and Saturday in Charlevoix, Quebec, will be the first chance G7 leaders have had to confront Trump in person since U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from Canada, Mexico and the European Union were imposed last week.
That move unleashed fury in the Group of Seven industrialized nations and prompted quick retaliation from Canada and Mexico and a promise from the EU to do so as well, unnerving investors who fear a trade war that could derail the global economy.
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, the summit host, and British Prime Minister Theresa May, who will also attend, are among those to sharply criticize the U.S. tariffs as unjustified and punitive.
“There are disagreements. He’s sticking to his guns. And he’s going to talk to them,” Larry Kudlow, Trump’s top economic adviser, told reporters in Washington.
A French presidency official said that while G7 members would raise their unhappiness over the tariffs with Trump, they would not deliver an ultimatum that he drop them because the summit “isn’t the place where you negotiate things like that.”
The official, speaking to reporters after Macron met Trudeau for talks in Ottawa on Wednesday, said the six non-U.S. G7 nations were united on the main topics to be discussed. The G7 groups Canada, the United States, Japan, Britain, Italy, France and Germany. The EU also attends.
Trump will have to more than snipe from Twitter at the meeting. Fronting up on trade issues he has stirred up will be a test of his presidential and negotiating skills. It will be somewhat more challenging than social media posturing.
by Pete George on 8th June 2018 • Permalink
Tagged Canada, Donald Trump, G7, trade
Posted by Pete George on 8th June 2018
https://yournz.org/2018/06/08/trade-confrontation-looking-at-g7-meeting/
Trump at odds with G7 on climate
President Donald Trump has declined to join the rest of the G7 countries reaffirming their commitment to cut back on greenhouse gases. He has said he will make a decision next week.
Trump said he wouldn’t support anything that pout US jobs at risk, but it could lead to other risks.
Fox News: Trump declines to join world leaders at G7 in affirming Paris climate accord
President Trump on Saturday at the G-7 Summit in Italy declined to join six other leading nations in their pledge to uphold the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement.
The other six members of the G- 7 — Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom — reaffirmed their commitment to the agreement, signed by former President Barack Obama.
The group also said the U.S. is “not in a position to join consensus” on climate change.
Trump should have known this would come up at G7 so should have been prepared to do something other than procrastinate.
Tagged climate accord, Donald Trump, G7, Paris, reaffirm
https://yournz.org/2017/05/28/trump-at-odds-with-g7-on-climate/
Topics about the UK, EU and Europe.
BBC: No G7 deal on Russia sanctions over Syria
The UK proposal fails to win support, with the US secretary of state now in Moscow for talks.
BBC: Syria: Boris Johnson denies defeat over sanctions call
The UK Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson has denied he suffered a “defeat” after the G7 group of nations rejected his proposal for sanctions against Russia.
The two-day meeting of foreign ministers was aimed at hammering out a unified approach to Syria before the US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson went to Moscow.
The plan was put forward at the G7 summit in Italy in the wake of a deadly chemical attack the countries say was carried out by Moscow’s ally, Syria.
Italy’s foreign minister said the group did not want to back Russia into a corner and preferred dialogue.
The Lib Dem leader Tim Farron called it a “failure of British diplomacy”.
Mr Johnson denied he had suffered a defeat, saying there was support for sanctions if further evidence of the chemical attack were gathered.
One thing that did appear to unite the group was the future of Mr Assad.
Mr Tillerson summed it up, saying: “It is clear to all of us that the reign of the Assad family is coming to an end.”
by Pete George on 12th April 2017 • Permalink
Posted in General, International
Tagged Boris Johnson, Europe, G7, Syria, UK
Posted by Pete George on 12th April 2017
https://yournz.org/2017/04/12/uk-europe-33/
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‘Pinyapel’ a water-resistant paper made of scrapped pineapple leaves is the ‘future of packaging’
Photo: DTI Region 10
The future of sustainable packaging has come in the form of a water-resistant paper made out of discarded pineapple leaves . The innovative product, “Pinyapel”, aims to be a sustainable alternative to plastic and processed paper alternatives. It received one of this year’s D&AD Future Impact Awards for Environment and Sustainability in New York City.
The name came from a play of Filipino words Pinya (Pineapple) and Papel (Paper). It is a water-resistant paper is an excellent alternative to plastic packaging like plastic cups, plastic bags, and other plastic storage boxes. It was developed by a Filipina businesswoman named Lolita “Luchi” Cabanlet of Cagayan De Oro Handmade Paper.
Cabanlet enlisted the help of the Philippines ‘ Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and Design Center of the Philippines (DCP) to produce the “locally-manufactured specialty paper” from scrap pineapple leaves. The innovators sourced their raw material from a pineapple plantation in the southern province of Bukidnon.
“Pinyapel is a locally-manufactured specialty paper made from discarded pineapple leaves and developed by Design Center of the Philippines’ Materials Research and Development in collaboration with local raw materials supplier and materials converter,” reads a Facebook post from DTI-Design Center of the Philippines.
In a press statement, the government agency describes Pinyapel as the “future of packaging.” They also said that they partnered with Cabanlet “to launch a sustainable innovation to transform waste into new and useful material, a forward-thinking approach to combat the growing problem on non- biodegradable plastic.”
Furthermore, the Department of Trade and Industries said that the project also aimed to help farming communities earn more from their discarded pineapple leaves.
“With the growing demand for sustainability locally and globally, the pinyapel development is aimed at encouraging a circular economy that increases livelihood in farming communities and generates commercialization opportunities while giving new value to agricultural wastes,” DTI-DCP said in a Facebook post about the sustainable product.
The developers of Pinyapel has partnered with Nature’s Fresh, a pineapple exporter from Bukidnon, to supply them with scrapped pineapple leaves to manufacture them into water-resistant paper sheets using a technology developed by the Design Center of the Philippines. It was then supplied to Ideatechs Packaging Corporation, a company producing food container products.
The award will be given in New York City, USA, on November 6. It will be conferred during an “annual activity recognizing those who put their creative ideas into world-changing projects, products and campaigns.”
Pinyapel is just one of the recipients of the 2019 Future Impact Awards for Environment and Sustainability by the D&AD, an organization that recognizes individuals and organizations that have made or will make a positive impact on the environment. The winners of the coveted prize will receive a $150,000 and combines consultancy, mentoring, masterclasses, and development grants, as well as access to a creative, peer-driven network.
“D&AD Impact exists to recognize creative ideas that are driving positive change. It does so by elevating purposeful products, initiatives, and campaigns; by accelerating projects with the potential for impact through a 12-month Future Impact program, and by educating brands and entrepreneurs on incorporating purpose into their business strategy,” reads the D&AD website.
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Sex and city 1
Zulkigal 08.09.2020 08.09.2020
Watch Sex And The City Online on Putlocker. Put locker is the way to watch Sex And The City movie in HD. Watch Sex And The City in HD. Sex and the City 2 was released in cinemas on May 27, , in the United States and May 28, , in the United Kingdom. It was co-written, produced and directed by Michael Patrick King. The DVD was available for purchase in the United Kingdom on November 29, Music by: Aaron Zigman. Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy-drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. Broadcast from until , the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes. Throughout its six-year run, the show received contributions from various producers, No. of episodes: 94 (+ 2 feature films) (list of episodes).
Thank you, Amazon/Prime, for making "Sex and the City" available to me for download onto my tablet. Each episode is fabulous. Almost every night, when I'm getting ready for bed, I watch 1 or 2 (sometimes 3!) episodes. The writers created years of super shows for our benefit. Their efforts were rewarded by wonderful actors/5(K). Jun 06, · Created by Darren Star. With Sarah Jessica Parker, Kim Cattrall, Kristin Davis, Cynthia Nixon. Four female New Yorkers gossip about their sex lives (or lack thereof) and find new ways to deal with being a woman in the s/10(K). Stream Season 1 episodes of Sex and the City online and access extras such as interviews, previews and episode guides. Learn more about Season 1 of Sex and the City on HBO. Watch Sex and the City Season 1 Online | HBO Official Site. Watch Sex And The City porn videos for free, here on zahorszki.eu Discover the growing collection of high quality Most Relevant XXX movies and clips. No other sex tube is more popular and features more Sex And The City scenes than Pornhub! Browse through our impressive selection of porn videos in HD quality on any device you own. Sex and the City is an American romantic comedy-drama television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. Broadcast from until , the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes. Throughout its six-year run, the show received contributions from various producers, No. of episodes: 94 (+ 2 feature films) (list of episodes). May 28, · Directed by Michael Patrick King. With Sarah Jessica Parker, Kim Cattrall, Cynthia Nixon, Kristin Davis. A New York City writer on sex and love is finally getting married to her Mr. Big. But her three best girlfriends must console her after one of them inadvertently leads Mr. Big to jilt her/10(K). Sex and the City 2 was released in cinemas on May 27, , in the United States and May 28, , in the United Kingdom. It was co-written, produced and directed by Michael Patrick King. The DVD was available for purchase in the United Kingdom on November 29, Music by: Aaron Zigman. Watch Sex And The City Online on Putlocker. Put locker is the way to watch Sex And The City movie in HD. Watch Sex And The City in HD.Stream Season 1 Episode 1 of Sex and the City: Sex and the City online or on your device plus recaps, previews, and other clips. Sex and the City is a American romantic comedy film written and directed by Michael .. The DVD has reached the #1 on the UK DVD Top Chart and is the fastest selling DVD release of in the UK, selling over , copies in one . Sex and the City. Season 1, Episode 1. Primer-capitulo-sex-and-the-city carrie- mrbig. Episode Guide. previous. None, next. Models and Mortals. zahorszki.eu: Sex and the City: Season 1: Kim Cattrall, Kristin Davis, Chris Noth, Cynthia Nixon, John Corbett, Sarah Jessica Parker: Movies & TV. Sex and the City Wiki is a website for fans to edit about Sex and the City episodes , movies, and characters. For me, Sex and the City wasn't just a TV show; it was another friend who was 1. Carrie's famous tutu almost didn't make the cut. The vintage tutu skirt that. A New York City writer on sex and love is finally getting married to her Mr. Big. But her three Michael Patrick King, Candace Bushnell (book) | 1 more credit». Stream Season 1 episodes of Sex and the City online and access extras such as interviews, previews and episode guides.
Watch video Sex and city 1
Sex And The City 2 (2010) Official Trailer #1 - Sarah Jessica Parker Movie HD, time: 2:33
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Walking Dead Season 6 artwork revealed
While gearing up for the summer release of Fear the Walking Dead, AMC is hard at work filming season six of the original series. This week, the network has released the first promotional art for the upcoming season, which is set to start in October.
The image makes it clear that there will be a division in the Alexandria safe area this fall. What’s interesting is which side of things Morgan is placed on.
When fans saw Morgan following the clues toward Rick and group, they were excited at the possibility that the two could join forces. However, the promo artwork gives an impression that they might be at odds in the upcoming season.
The two men have a complicated relationship. Morgan having saved Rick in season one before trying to kill him in season three. At that time, in the episode “Clear,” Morgan was at a low point, reeling from the death of his son who had been killed by his zombie wife. From what we saw in season five, Morgan had made peace with his past and was moving on with his life.
Unfortunately, at the moment he caught up with Rick, the lawman was in the midst of a low point of his own. Blood splattered and carrying out an execution, Rick looked liked a mad man.
Will the two be able to reconcile or will season six be Rick vs Morgan?
Tagged as: AMC, Morgan, Rick, The Walking Dead
‘Burying the Ex’ now available through VOD
Capcom developing Resident Evil prequel
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Metal ions in aqueous solution
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H2O)n]z+. The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li+ and Be2+ and 6 for elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table. Lanthanide and actinide aqua ions have a solvation number of 8 or 9. The strength of the bonds between the metal ion and water molecules in the primary solvation shell increases with the electrical charge, z, on the metal ion and decreases as its ionic radius, r, increases. Aqua ions are subject to hydrolysis. The logarithm of the first hydrolysis constant is proportional to z2/r for most aqua ions.
The aqua ion is associated, through hydrogen bonding with other water molecules in a secondary solvation shell. Water molecules in the first hydration shell exchange with molecules in the second solvation shell and molecules in the bulk liquid. The residence time of a molecule in the first shell varies among the chemical elements from about 100 picoseconds to more than 200 years. Aqua ions are prominent in electrochemistry.
Introduction to metal aqua ions
The metallic elements
Li Be
Na Mg Al
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Most chemical elements are metallic and form simple aqua ions with the formula [M(H2O)n]z+ when the oxidation state is 1, 2 or 3. (The metalloids germanium, antimony, and astatine have also been included, as they form aqua cations like metals. The superheavy elements from bohrium to tennessine have unknown aqueous chemistries but are expected to be metallic; predictions on the metallicity of oganesson are varied.) With the higher oxidation states the simple aqua ions dissociate losing hydrogen ions to yield complexes that contain both water molecules and hydroxide or oxide ions, such as the vanadium(IV) species [VO(H2O)5]2+. In the highest oxidation states only oxyanions, such as the permanganate(VII) ion, MnO−
4, are known.[1]
In aqueous solution the water molecules directly attached to the metal ion are said to belong to the first coordination sphere, also known as the first, or primary, solvation shell. The bond between a water molecule and the metal ion is a dative covalent bond, with the oxygen atom donating both electrons to the bond. Each coordinated water molecule may be attached by hydrogen bonds to other water molecules. The latter are said to reside in the second coordination sphere. The second coordination sphere is not a well defined entity for ions with charge 1 or 2. In dilute solutions it merges into the water structure in which there is an irregular network of hydrogen bonds between water molecules.[2] With tripositive ions the high charge on the cation polarizes the water molecules in the first solvation shell to such an extent that they form strong enough hydrogen bonds with molecules in the second shell to form a more stable entity.[3]
The strength of the metal-oxygen bond can be estimated in various ways. The hydration enthalpy, though based indirectly on experimental measurements, is the most reliable measure. The scale of values is based on an arbitrarily chosen zero, but this does not affect differences between the values for two metals. Other measures include the M–O vibration frequency and the M–O bond length. The strength of the M-O bond tends to increase with the charge and decrease as the size of the metal ion increases. In fact there is a very good linear correlation between hydration enthalpy and the ratio of charge squared to ionic radius, z2/r.[4] For ions in solution Shannon's "effective ionic radius" is the measure most often used.[5]
Water molecules in the first and second solvation shells can exchange places. The rate of exchange varies enormously, depending on the metal and its oxidation state. Metal aqua ions are always accompanied in solution by solvated anions, but much less is known about anion solvation than about cation solvation.[6]
Understanding of the nature of aqua ions is helped by having information on the nature of solvated cations in mixed solvents[7] and non-aqueous solvents, such as liquid ammonia, methanol, dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide to mention a few.[8]
Occurrence in nature
Aqua ions are present in most natural waters.[9] Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ are major constituents of seawater.
Aqua ions in seawater (Salinity = 35)
/mol·kg−1
Many other aqua ions are present in seawater in concentrations ranging from ppm to ppt.[9] The concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in blood are similar to those of seawater. Blood also has lower concentrations of essential elements such as iron and zinc. Sports drink is designed to be isotonic and also contains the minerals which are lost in perspiration.
Magnesium and calcium ions are common constituents of domestic water and are responsible for permanent and temporary hardness, respectively. They are often found in mineral water.
Information obtained on the nature of ions in solution varies with the nature of the experimental method used. Some methods reveal properties of the cation directly, others reveal properties that depend on both cation and anion. Some methods supply information of a static nature, a kind of snapshot of average properties, others give information about the dynamics of the solution.
Ions for which the water-exchange rate is slow on the NMR time-scale give separate peaks for molecules in the first solvation shell and for other water molecules. The solvation number is obtained as a ratio of peak areas. Here it refers to the number of water molecules in the first solvation shell. Molecules in the second solvation shell exchange rapidly with solvent molecules, giving rise to a small change in the chemical shift value of un-coordinated water molecules from that of water itself. The main disadvantage of this method is that it requires fairly concentrated solutions, with the associated risk of ion-pair formation with the anion.
Solvation numbers determined by NMR[10]
Be2+ 4 1H 17O
Mg2+ 6 1H
Zn2+ 6 1H
Al3+ 6 1H 17O
Ga3+ 6 1H 17O
In3+ 6 1H
Fe2+ 6 17O
Co2+ 6 1H
Ni2+ 6 1H 17O
Th4+ 9 1H
A solution containing an aqua ion does not have the long-range order that would be present in a crystal containing the same ion, but there is short-range order. X-ray diffraction on solutions yields a radial distribution function from which the coordination number of the metal ion and metal-oxygen distance may be derived. With aqua ions of high charge some information is obtained about the second solvation shell.[11][12]
This technique requires the use of relatively concentrated solutions. X-rays are scatted by electrons, so scattering power increases with atomic number. This makes hydrogen atoms all but invisible to X-ray scattering.
Large angle X-ray scattering has been used to characterize the second solvation shell with trivalent ions such as Cr3+ and Rh3+. The second hydration shell of Cr3+ was found to have 13±1 molecules at an average distance of 402±20 pm. This implies that every molecule in the first hydration shell is hydrogen bonded to two molecules in the second shell.[13]
Neutron diffraction
Diffraction by neutrons also give a radial distribution function. In contrast to X-ray diffraction, neutrons are scatted by nuclei and there is no relationship with atomic number.[14] Indeed, use can be made of the fact that different isotopes of the same element can have widely different scattering powers. In a classic experiment, measurements were made on four nickel chloride solutions using the combinations of 58Ni, 60Ni, 35Cl and 37Cl isotopes to yield a very detailed picture of cation and anion solvation.[15] Data for a number of metal salts show some dependence on the salt concentration.
Cation hydration determined by neutron diffraction[16]
/mol kg−1 (a)
θ /deg (b)
Li+ Cl− 27.77 2.3 (2)(c) 75 (5)
9.95 3.0 (5) 52 (5)
Ca2+ Cl− 4.49 6.4 (3) 34 (9)
1.0 10.0 (6) 38 (9)
Ni2+ Cl− 3.05 5.8 (2) 42 (8)
0.85 6.6 (5) 27 (10)
0.086 6.8 (8) 0 (20)
Ni2+ ClO−
4 3.80 5.8 (2) 42 (8)
Cu2+ ClO−
Fe3+ NO−
3 2.0 5.0 (2) 22 (4)
Nd3+ Cl− 2.85 8.5 (2) 24 (4)
Dy3+ Cl− 2.38 7.4 (5) 17 (3)
(a) moles solute per kg of solvent. (b) angle between M-O and the H-m lines, m= mid point between H or D atoms. (c) Figures in brackets are standard deviations on the last significant figure of the value.
Most of these data refer to concentrated solutions in which there are very few water molecules that are not in the primary hydration spheres of the cation or anion, which may account for some of the variation of solvation number with concentration even if there is no contact ion pairing. The angle θ gives the angle of tilt of the water molecules relative to a plane in the aqua ion. This angle is affected by the hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules in the primary and secondary solvation shells.
The measured solvation number is a time-averaged value for the solution as a whole. When a measured primary solvation number is fractional there are two or more species with integral solvation numbers present in equilibrium with each other. This also applies to solvation numbers that are integral numbers, within experimental error. For example, the solvation number of 5.5 for a lithium chloride solution could be interpreted as being due to presence of two different aqua ions with equal concentrations.
[Li(H2O)6]+ ⇌ [Li(H2O)5]+ + H2O
Another possibility is that there is interaction between a solvated cation and an anion, forming an ion pair. This is particularly relevant when measurements are made on concentrated salt solutions. For example, a solvation number of 3 for a lithium chloride solution could be interpreted as being due to the equilibrium
[Li(H2O)4]+ + Cl− ⇌ [Li(H2O)3Cl] + H2O
lying wholly in favour of the ion pair.
Vibrational spectra
Infrared spectra and Raman spectra can be used to measure the M-O stretching frequency in metal aqua ions. Raman spectroscopy is particularly useful because the Raman spectrum of water is weak whereas the infrared spectrum of water is intense. Interpretation of the vibration frequencies is somewhat complicated by the presence, in octahedral and tetrahedral ions, of two vibrations, a symmetric one measured in the Raman spectrum and an anti-symmetric one, measured in the infrared spectrum.
Symmetric M-O stretching vibrations of some aqua ions in solution[17]
wavenumber /cm−1
Be2+ 530-543
Mg2+ 360-365
Mn2+ 395
Fe2+ 389
Ni2+ 405
Cu2+ 440
Zn2+ 385-400
Hg2+ 380[18]
Al3+ 520-526
Ga3+ 475
In3+ 400
Although the relationship between vibration frequency and force constant is not simple, the general conclusion that can be taken from these data is that the strength of the M-O bond increases with increasing ionic charge and decreasing ionic size. The M-O stretching frequency of an aqua ion in solution may be compared with its counterpart in a crystal of known structure. If the frequencies are very similar it can be concluded that the coordination number of the metal ion is the same in solution as it is in a compound in the solid state.
Data such as conductivity, electrical mobility and diffusion relate to the movement of ions through a solution. When an ion moves through a solution it tends to take both first and second solvation shells with it. Hence solvation numbers measured from dynamic properties tend to be much higher that those obtained from static properties.
Hydration numbers measured by dynamic methods[19]
Cr3+
Ion transport number 13-22 7-13 4 12-14 8-12 3-5 10-13
Ion mobility 3-21 2-10 10-13 7-11 5-9 10-13
Diffusion 5 3 1 9 9 8 11 17 13
Solvation numbers and structures
Solvation numbers of 3 - 6 have been found for lithium aqua ions. Solvation numbers less than 4 may be the result of the formation of contact ion pairs. The higher solvation numbers may be interpreted in terms of water molecules that approach [Li(H2O)4]+ through a face of the tetrahedron, though molecular dynamic simulations may indicate the existence of an octahedral aqua ion.[20] There are most probably six water molecules in the primary solvation sphere of the sodium ion. For potassium, rubidium and caesium even the primary solvation shell is not well defined.[21]
Molecular hydration data for group 2 metal ions[22]
M2+(aq)
M-O distance /pm
− Δ H ⊖ / k J m o l − 1 {\displaystyle -\Delta H^{\ominus }\mathrm {/kJ\ mol^{-1}} }
− Δ V ⊖ / c m 3 m o l − 1 {\displaystyle -\Delta V^{\ominus }\mathrm {/cm^{3}\ mol^{-1}} }
Be 167 2494 -12.0
Mg 209 1921 -21.2
Ca 242 1577 -17.9
Sr 263 1443 -18.2
Ba 281 1305 -12.5
[Be(H2O)4]2+ has a very well-defined primary solvation shell; The BeO4 part has tetrahedral symmetry, Td.[23] [Mg(H2O)6]2+ is also a well-characterized species, with an octahedral core. The situation for calcium is more complicated. Neutron diffraction data gave a solvation number for calcium chloride, CaCl2, which is strongly dependent on concentration: 10.0±0.6 at 1 mol·dm−3, decreasing to 6.4±0.3 at 2.8 mol·dm−3. The Shannon radius of the six-coordinate calcium ion is 100 pm compared to 72 pm for magnesium, a 28% increase in size. This allows for higher aquation numbers and the lower charge density (z2/r) results in weaker M-O bonds, which makes ion pairing easier. Various solid hydrates are known with 8-coordination in square antiprism and dodecahedral geometry.[24]
Group 3 metals, lanthanides and actinides
There is now a substantial body of indirect evidence that seven molecules of water are present in the aqua ion of scandium, Sc3+.[25] Yttrium(III) has approximately the same Shannon radius as holmium(III) so Y3+ has very similar properties to those of Ho3+, so its aqua ion is probably 8-coordinate. The lanthanum aqua ion is probably 9-coordinate, as are those of the lighter lanthanides.
The trivalent lanthanide ions decrease steadily in size from lanthanum to lutetium, an effect known as the lanthanide contraction. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence that the hydration number changes from 9 to 8 at around gadolinium.[26] Structures of aqua ions in the solid state include the 9-coordinate tricapped trigonal prism structure with the lighter lanthanide ions and the 8-coordinate square antiprism structure with the heavier lanthanide ions. There are no experimental data for the solvation state of cerium(IV) or europium(II).[27]
Solvation numbers of 9 or more are believed to apply to the actinide ions in the +3 and +4 oxidation states, but an experimental value is available only for thorium(IV).
Transition metals and group 12 metals
See also: Metal aquo complex
The ions of these metals in the +2 and +3 oxidation states have a solvation number of 6. All have a regular octahedral structure except the aqua ions of chromium(II) and copper(II) which are subject to Jahn-Teller distortion. In the copper case the two axial Cu−O distances are 238 pm, whereas the four equatorial Cu−O distances are 195 pm in the solid state.[30] However, it is unclear whether Cu2+ has a solvation number of 5 or 6 in aqueous solution, with conflicting experimental reports.[28] Silver(I) is probably 4-coordinate, [Ag(H2O)4]+.[31]
A solvation number of 6 with an octahedral structure is well established for zinc(II) and cadmium(II) in dilute solutions. In concentrated solutions the Zn2+ ion may adopt a 4-coordinate, tetrahedral, structure, but the evidence is not conclusive because of the possibility of ion pairing and/or hydrolysis.[32] The solvation number of mercury(II) is most likely to be 6.[33]
The bis aqua structure of the mercury(I) ion,[(H2O)-Hg-Hg-(OH2]+, found in solid compounds, is also found in solution.[34] Another aqua species in which there is a metal-metal bond is the molybdenum(II) species formulated as
[(H2O)4Mo≣Mo(H2O)4]4+.[35] Each molybdenum is surrounded by four water molecules in a square-planar arrangement, in a structure similar to that of the known structure of the chloro complex [Mo2Cl8]4−. The presence of a fifth water molecule in the axial position is not ruled out, however.[36]
There are a few divalent and trivalent aqua ions of transition metals in the second and third transition series. With oxidation state 4, however, only hydrolyzed species exist.
Group 13-15 metals
The aluminium aqua ion, [Al(H2O)6]3+ is very well characterized in solution and the solid state. The AlO6 core has octahedral symmetry, point group Oh. The aqua ions of gallium(III), indium(III) and thallium(III) also have a solvation number of 6. The aqua ion of thallium(I) is often assumed to be 6-coordinate, but this assumption is not based on strong experimental evidence.[37] The Shannon radius of Tl+, at 150 pm, is not very different from that of K+, at 138 pm, so some similarity between Tl+ and K+ chemistry is both expected and observed.[38]
The solvation number of the tin(II) aqua ion, [Sn(H2O)n]2+ is not known with any certainty due to the presence of hydrolysis in the concentrated solutions needed for X-ray scattering measurements.[39] The same is true for the lead(II) aqua ion. With bismuth(III) there is indirect evidence for a solvation number of 9. A nonahydrate is been characterized in the solid state, with a face-capped trigonal prism structure. The Shannon radius for 9-coordinate bismuth (115 pm) is comparable to that of neodymium (116.3 pm) for which a solvation number of 9 is well-established.[40]
Oxo-aqua-cations
Some elements in oxidation states higher than 3 form stable, aquated, oxo ions. Well known examples are the vanadyl(IV) and uranyl(VI) ions. They can be viewed as particularly stable hydrolysis products in a hypothetical reaction such as
[V(H2O)6]4+ → [VO(H2O)5]2+ + 2H+
The vanadium has a distorted octahedral environment (point group C4v) of one oxide ion and 5 water molecules.[41] Vanadium(V) is believed to exist as the dioxo-ion [VO2(H2O)4]+ at pH less than 2, but the evidence for this ion depends on the formation of complexes, such as oxalate complexes which have been shown to have the VO+
2 unit, with cis-VO bonds, in the solid state.[42] The chromium(IV) ion [CrO(H2O)5]2+, similar to the vanadium ion has been proposed on the basis of indirect evidence.[43]
The uranyl ion, UO2+
2, has a trans structure. The aqua ion UO2+
2(aq) has been assumed, on the basis of indirect evidence, to have five water molecules in the plane perpendicular to the O-U-O axis in a pentagonal bipyramid structure, point group D5h. However it is also possible that there are 6 water molecules in the equatorial plane, hexagonal bipyramid, point group D6h, as many complexes with this structure are known.[44] The solvation state of the plutonyl ion, PuO2+
2, is not known.
The main goal of thermodynamics in this context is to derive estimates of single-ion thermodynamic quantities such as hydration enthalpy and hydration entropy. These quantities relate to the reaction
Mz+ (gas) + solvent → Mz+ (in solution)
The enthalpy for this reaction is not directly measurable, because all measurements use salt solutions that contain both cation and anion. Most experimental measurements relate to the heat evolved when a salt dissolves in water, which gives the sum of cation and anion solvation enthalpies. Then, by considering the data for different anions with the same cation and different cations with the same anion, single ion values relative to an arbitrary zero, are derived.
Single ion standard hydration enthalpy /kJ mol−1[45]
-514.6 Be2+
-404.6 Mg2+
-1922.1 Al3+
-320.9 Ca2+
-1592.4 Sc3+
-3960.2 ... Ga3+
-296.2 Sr2+
-1444.7 Y3+
-3620.0 ... In3+
-4108.7 Sn2+
-263.2 Ba2+
-1303.7 La3+
-3282.8 ... Tl3+
-4184.0 Pb2+
Other values include Zn2+ -2044.3, Cd2+ -1805.8 and Ag+ -475.3 kJ mol−1.
There is an excellent linear correlation between hydration enthalpy and the ratio of charge squared, z2, to M-O distance, reff.[46]
Δ H ⊖ = − 69500 z 2 / r e f f {\displaystyle \Delta H^{\ominus }=-69500\ \mathrm {z^{2}/r_{eff}} }
Values for transition metals are affected by crystal field stabilization. The general trend is shown by the magenta line which passes through Ca2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+, for which there is no stabilization in an octahedral crystal field. Hydration energy increases as size decreases. Crystal field splitting confers extra stability on the aqua ion. The maximum crystal field stabilization energy occurs at Ni2+. The agreement of the hydration enthalpies with predictions provided one basis for the general acceptance of crystal field theory.[47]
The hydration enthalpies of the trivalent lanthanide ions show an increasingly negative values at atomic number increases, in line with the decrease in ionic radius known as the lanthanide contraction.
Single ion hydration entropy can be derived. Values are shown in the following table. The more negative the value, the more there is ordering in forming the aqua ion. It is notable that the heavy alkali metals have rather small entropy values which suggests that both the first and second solvation shells are somewhat indistinct.
Single ion standard hydration entropy at 25 °C /J deg−1 mol−1[48]
-87.4 Mg2+
-267.8 Al3+
-51.9 Ca2+
-209.2 ... Ga3+
-40.2 Sr2+
-205.0 ... In3+
-36.8 Ba2+
-159.0 La3+
-368.2 ...
Hydrolysis of aqua ions
See also: Hydrolysis
There are two ways of looking at an equilibrium involving hydrolysis of an aqua ion. Considering the dissociation equilibrium
[M(H2O)n]z+ - H+⇌ [M(H2O)n-1(OH)](z-1)+
the activity of the hydrolysis product, omitting the water molecules, is given by
{ [ M ( OH ) ] ( z − 1 ) + } = K 1 , − 1 { M z + } { H + } − 1 {\displaystyle \{[{{\ce {M(OH)}}}]^{(z-1)+}\}=K_{1,-1}\{{{\ce {M}}}^{z+}\}\{{{\ce {H}}}^{+}\}^{-1}}
The alternative is to write the equilibrium as a complexation or substitution reaction
[M(H2O)n]z+ +OH− ⇌ :[M(H2O)n-1(OH)](z-1)+ + H2O
In which case
{ [ M ( OH ) ] ( z − 1 ) + } = K 1 , 1 { M z + } { OH − } {\displaystyle \{[{{\ce {M(OH)}}}]^{(z-1)+}\}=K_{1,1}\{{{\ce {M}}}^{z+}\}\{{{\ce {OH}}}^{-}\}}
The concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide ions are related by the self-ionization of water, Kw = {H+} {OH−} so the two equilibrium constants are related as
K 1 , − 1 = K 1 , 1 × K w {\displaystyle K_{1,-1}=K_{1,1}\times K_{w}}
In practice the first definition is more useful because equilibrium constants are determined from measurements of hydrogen ion concentrations. In general,
[ M x ( OH ) y ] = β x , − y ∗ [ M ] x [ H ] − y {\displaystyle [{{\ce {M}}}_{x}({{\ce {OH}}})_{y}]=\beta _{x,-y}*[{{\ce {M}}}]^{x}[{{\ce {H}}}]^{-y}}
charges are omitted for the sake of generality and activities have been replaced by concentrations. β ∗ {\displaystyle \beta *} are cumulative hydrolysis constants.
Modeling the hydrolysis reactions that occur in solution is usually based on the determination of equilibrium constants from potentiometric (pH) titration data. The process is far from straightforward for a variety of reasons.[49] Sometimes the species in solution can be precipitated as salts and their structure confirmed by X-ray crystallography. In other cases, precipitated salts bear no relation to what is postulated to be in solution, because a particular crystalline substances may have both low solubility and very low concentration in the solutions.
First hydrolysis constant
The logarithm of hydrolysis constant, K1,-1, for the removal of one proton from an aqua ion
[M(H2O)n]z+ - H+ ⇌ [M(H2O)n-1(OH)](z-1)+
[ [M(OH)]{(z-1)+ ] = K1,-1 [Mz+] [H+] −1
shows a linear relationship with the ratio of charge to M-O distance, z/d. Ions fall into four groups. The slope of the straight line is the same for all groups, but the intercept, A, is different.[50]
log K1,-1 = A + 11.0 z/d
Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+
Al3+, Y3+, La3+ −22.0±0.5
Li+, Na+, K+
Be2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+
Sc3+, Ti3+, V3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Rh3+, Ga3+, In3+
Ce4+, Th4+, Pa4+, U4+, Np4+, Pu4+, −19.8±1
Ag+, Tl+
Ti3+, Bi3+, −15.9±1
Sn2+, Hg2+, Sn2+, Pd2+ ca. 12
The cations most resistant to hydrolysis for their size and charge are hard pre-transition metal ions or lanthanide ions. The slightly less resistant group includes the transition metal ions. The third group contains mostly soft ions ion of post-transition metals. The ions which show the strongest tendency to hydrolyze for their charge and size are Pd2+, Sn2+ and Hg2+.[50]
The standard enthalpy change for the first hydrolysis step is generally not very different from that of the dissociation of pure water. Consequently, the standard enthalpy change for the substitution reaction
is close to zero. This is typical of reactions between a hard cation and a hard anion, such as the hydroxide ion.[51] It means that the standard entropy charge is the major contributor to the standard free energy change and hence the equilibrium constant.
Δ G ⊖ = − R T ln K = Δ H ⊖ − T Δ S ⊖ {\displaystyle \Delta G^{\ominus }=-RT\ln K=\Delta H^{\ominus }-T\Delta S^{\ominus }}
The change in ionic charge is responsible for the effect as the aqua ion has a greater ordering effect on the solution than the less highly charged hydroxo complex.
Multiple hydrolysis reactions
The hydrolysis of beryllium shows many of the characteristics typical of multiple hydrolysis reactions. The concentrations of various species, including polynuclear species with bridging hydroxide ions, change as a function of pH up to the precipitation of an insoluble hydroxide. Beryllium hydrolysis is unusual in that the concentration of [Be(H2O)3(OH)]+ is too low to be measured. Instead a trimer ([Be3(H2O)6(OH3))3+ is formed, whose structure has been confirmed in solid salts. The formation of polynuclear species is driven by the reduction in charge density within the molecule as a whole. The local environment of the beryllium ions approximates to [Be(H2O)2(OH)2]+. The reduction in effective charge releases free energy in the form of a decrease of the entropy of ordering at the charge centers.[52]
Some polynuclear hydrolysis products[53]
Species formula
M2(OH)+ Be2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+
Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+ single hydroxide bridge between two cations
M2(OH)(2z-2)+
2 Cu2+, Sn2+
Al3+, Sc3+, Ln3+, Ti3+, Cr3+
Th4+
VO2+, UO2+
2, NpO2+
2, PuO2+
2 double hydroxide bridge between two cations
3(OH)3+
3 Be2+, Hg2+ six-membered ring with alternate Mn+ and OH− groups
3(OH)(3z-4)+
4 Sn2+, Pb2+
Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, In3+ Cube with alternate vertices of Mn+ and OH− groups, one vertex missing
4 Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ Cube with alternate vertices of Mn+ and OH− groups
8 Zr4+, Th4+ Square of Mn+ ions with double hydroxide bridges on each side of the square
The hydrolysis product of aluminium formulated as [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ is very well characterized and may be present in nature in water at pH ca. 5.4.[54]
The overall reaction for the loss of two protons from an aqua ion can be written as
[M(H2O)n]z+ - 2 H+⇌ [M(H2O)n-2(OH)2](z-2)+
However, the equilibrium constant for the loss of two protons applies equally well to the equilibrium
[M(H2O)n]z+ - 2 H+⇌ [MO(H2O)n-2](z-2)+ + H2O
because the concentration of water is assumed to be constant. This applies in general: any equilibrium constant is equally valid for a product with an oxide ion as for the product with two hydroxyl ions. The two possibilities can only be distinguished by determining the structure of a salt in the solid state. Oxo bridges tend to occur when the metal oxidation state is high.[55] An example is provided by the molybdenum(IV) complex [Mo3O4(H2O)9]4+ in which there is a triangle of molybdenum atoms joined by σ- bonds with an oxide bridge on each edge of the triangle and a fourth oxide which bridges to all three Mo atoms.[56]
Oxyanions
Main article: oxyanion
There are very few oxo-aqua ions of metals in the oxidation state +5 or higher. Rather, the species found in aqueous solution are monomeric and polymeric oxyanions. Oxyanions can be viewed as the end products of hydrolysis, in which there are no water molecules attached to the metal, only oxide ions.
Exchange kinetics
A water molecule in the first solvation shell of an aqua ion may exchange places with a water molecule in the bulk solvent. It is usually assumed that the rate-determining step is a dissociation reaction.
[M(H2O)n]z+ → [M(H2O)n-1]z+* + H2O
The * symbol signifies that this is the transition state in a chemical reaction. The rate of this reaction is proportional to the concentration of the aqua ion, [A].
r a t e = − ( d [ A ] d t ) T = k [ A ] {\displaystyle \mathrm {rate} =-\left({\frac {d[A]}{dt}}\right)_{T}=k[A]} .
The proportionality constant, k, is called a first-order rate constant at temperature T. The unit of the reaction rate for water exchange is usually taken as mol dm−3s−1.
The half-life for this reaction is equal to loge2 / k. This quantity with the dimension of time is useful because it is independent of concentration. The quantity 1/k, also with dimension of time, equal to the half life divided by 0.6932, is known as the residence time or time constant.[57]
The residence time for water exchange varies from about 10−10 s for Cs+ to about 10+10 s (more than 200 y) for Ir3+. It depends on factors such as the size and charge on the ion and, in the case of transition metal ions, crystal field effects. Very fast and very slow reactions are difficult to study. The most information on the kinetics a water exchange comes from systems with a residence time between about 1 μs and 1 s. The enthalpy and entropy of activation, ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ can be obtained by observing the variation of rate constant with temperature.
Selected kinetic parameters for water exchange at 25 °C[58]
time /μs
ΔH‡
/kJ mol−1
ΔS‡
/J deg−1mol−1
Be2+ 1.0×103
Mg2+ 2.0 43 8
V2+ 1.3×104 69 21
Cr2+ 0.0032 13 -13
Mn2+ 0.0316 34 12
Fe2+ 0.32 32 -13
Co2+ 0.79 33 -17
Ni2+ 40 43 -22
Cu2+ 5.0×10−4 23 25
Zn2+ 0.032
Al3+ 6.3×106 11 117
Ti3+ 16 26 -63
Cr3+ 2.0×1012 109 0
Fe3+ 316 37 -54
Ga3+ 501 26 -92
Rh3+ 3.2×1013 134 59
In3+ 50 17
La3+ 0.050
The kinetic parameters for aqua ions of the transition metals are affected by crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) on both the aqua ion and its dissociation product which has one less water molecule in the primary solvation shell. This explains the inertness (long residence time) of Cr3+, which has an octahedral structure and a d3 electronic configuration and Rh3+ and Ir3+ which are also octahedral and have a low-spin d6 configuration. Trivalent ions have longer residence time than divalent ions, except for the very large lanthanide ions. The values in the table show that this is due to both activation enthalpy and entropy factors.[59]
The assignment of mechanisms to the water exchange reaction has not yet been made unambiguously. The simple dissociation mechanism needs to be modified to take into account the presence of a second solvation shell. In all cases exchange between molecules in the second shell and bulk water is fast compared to the rate-determining step. Three possible mechanism arise.[60]
Id (dissociative interchange) mechanism. A water molecule leaves the first solvation shell and enters the second shell.
Ia (associative interchange) mechanism. The same exchange reaction takes place, but there is a significant interaction, in the transition state, between the incoming water molecule and the metal ion.
A mechanism. This is an associative mechanism involving a molecule from the bulk solvent.
This classification represents extreme cases; the actual mechanism may have something of an intermediate nature. The most useful parameter for distinguishing between possible mechanism is the activation volume change, ΔV‡, which is obtained from the pressure variation of the rate constant.[61]
( ∂ ln k ∂ P ) T = Δ V ‡ R T {\displaystyle \left({\frac {\partial \ln k}{\partial P}}\right)_{T}={\frac {\Delta V^{\ddagger }}{RT}}}
The activation volume increases for dissociative mechanisms and decreases for associative mechanisms.
Formation of complexes
Main articles: Coordination complex and Stability constants of complexes
Metal aqua ions are often involved in the formation of complexes. The reaction may be written as
pMx+(aq) + qLy− → [MpLq](px-qy)+
In reality this is a substitution reaction in which one or more water molecules from the first hydration shell of the metal ion are replaced by ligands, L. The complex is described as an inner-sphere complex. A complex such as [ML](p-q)+ may be described as a contact ion pair.
When the water molecule(s) of the second hydration shell are replaced by ligands, the complex is said to be an outer-sphere complex, or solvent-shared ion pair. The formation of solvent-shared or contact ion pairs is particularly relevant to the determination of solvation numbers of aqua ions by methods that require the use of concentrated solutions of salts, as ion pairing is concentration-dependent. Consider, for example, the formation of the complex [MgCl]+ in solutions of MgCl2. The formation constant K of the complex is about 1 but varies with ionic strength.[62] The concentration of the rather weak complex increases from about 0.1% for a 10mM solution to about 70% for a 1M solution (1M = 1 mol dm−3).
The standard electrode potential for the half-cell equilibrium Mz+ + z e− ⇌ M(s) has been measured for all metals except for the heaviest trans-uranium elements.
Standard electrode potentials /V for couples Mz+/M(s)[63]
−3.040 Be2+
−2.71 Mg2+
−2.372 Al3+
−2.931 Ca2+
−2.868 Sc3+
−2.90 ... Zn2+
−0.751 Ga3+
−2.98 Sr2+
−2.899 Y3+
−2.37 ... Cd2+
−0.403 In3+
−0.342 Sn2+
−3.026 Ba2+
−2.912 ... Hg2+
−0.854 Tl3+
+0.73 Pb2+
−0.126 Bi3+
La3+
−2.52 Ce3+
−2.32 Pr3+
−2.34 Nd3+
−2.32 Pm3+
−2.30 Sm3+
−2.28 Eu3+
−1.98 Gd3+
−2.27 Tb3+
−2.27 Dy3+
−2.32 Ho3+
−2.37 Er3+
−2.33 Tm3+
−2.30 Yb3+
−2.23 Lu3+
Ac3+
−2.18 Th4+
−1.83 Pa4+
−1.46 U4+
−1.51 Np4+
−1.33 Pu4+
−1.80 Am3+
−2.06 Cm3+
−2.07 Bk3+
−2.03 Cf3+
−2.01 Es3+
−1.99 Fm3+
−1.97 Md3+
−1.65 No3+
−1.20 Lr3+
Standard electrode potentials /V for 1st. row transition metal ions[63]
M2+ / M −1.63 −1.18 −0.91 −1.18 −0.473 −0.28 −0.228 +0.345
M3+ / M −1.37 −0.87 −0.74 −0.28 −0.06 +0.41
Miscellaneous standard electrode potentials /V[63]
Ag+ / Ag
Pd2+ / Pd
Zr4+ / Zr
Hf4+ / Hf
Au3+ / Au
Ce4+ / Ce
+0.799 +0.915 −1.53 −1.70 +1.50 −1.32
As the standard electrode potential is more negative the aqua ion is more difficult to reduce. For example, comparing the potentials for zinc (-0.75 V) with those of iron (Fe(II) -0.47 V, Fe(III) -0.06 V) it is seen that iron ions are more easily reduced than zinc ions. This is the basis for using zinc to provide anodic protection for large structures made of iron or to protect small structures by galvanization.
Burgess, Section 1.2.
Burgess, p. 20.
Richens, p. 25.
Burgess, p. 181.
Shannon, R.D. (1976). "Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides". Acta Crystallogr. A. 32 (5): 751–767. Bibcode:1976AcCrA..32..751S. doi:10.1107/S0567739476001551. . Richens, Appendix 2.
Burgess, chapter 11.
Burgess, Chapter 6.
Chipperfield, John (1999). Non-Aqueous Solvents. Oxford: OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-850259-3.
Stumm&Morgan
Sykes, A.G. (Editor); Johansson, Georg (1992). Structures of Compexes in Solution Derived from X-ray Diffraction Measurements. Advances in Inorganic Chemistry. 39. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 161–232. ISBN 978-0-12-023639-8. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
Ohtaki, H.; Radnai, T. (1993). "Structure and dynamics of hydrated ions". Chem. Rev. 93 (3): 1157–1204. doi:10.1021/cr00019a014.
Magini, M.; Licheri, G.; Paschina, G.; Piccaluga,G.; Pinna, G. (1988). X-ray diffraction of ions in aqueous solutions : hydration and complex formation. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-6945-2.
Sykes, A.G. (Editor); Enderby, J.E.; Nielson, G.W. (1989). The Coordination of Metal Aquaions. Advances in Inorganic Chemistry. 34. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 195–218. doi:10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60017-3. ISBN 978-0-12-023634-3. CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
Neilson, G.W.; Enderby, J.E. (1983). "The Structure of an Aqueous Solution of Nickel Chloride". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 390 (1799): 353–371. Bibcode:1983RSPSA.390..353N. doi:10.1098/rspa.1983.0136.
Enderby, J.E. (1987). "Diffraction Studies of Aqueous Ionic Solutions". In Bellisent-Funel, M-C.; Neilson, G.W. (eds.). The Physics and Chemistry of Aqueous Solutions. NATO ASI Series. Reidel. pp. 129–145. ISBN 978-90-277-2534-9. p. 138.
Adams, D.M. (1967). Metal-Ligand and Related Vibrations. London: Edward Arnold. p.254.
Richens, p. 126.
Richens, p. 140. Data from Persson, I.; Sandstrom, M.; Yokohama, H.; Chaudhry, M. (1995). "?". Z. Naturforsch. A. 50 (1): 21. Bibcode:1995ZNatA..50...21P. doi:10.1515/zna-1995-0105.
Richens, section 2.3.
Persson, Ingmar (2010). "Hydrated metal ions in aqueous solution: How regular are their structures?". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 82 (10): 1901–1917. doi:10.1351/PAC-CON-09-10-22.
Frank, Patrick; Benfatto, Maurizio; Szilagyi, Robert K.; D'Angelo, Paola; Della Longa, Stefano; Hodgson, Keith O. (2005). "The Solution Structure of [Cu(aq)]2+ and Its Implications for Rack-Induced Bonding in Blue Copper Protein Active Sites". Inorganic Chemistry. 44 (6): 1922–1933. doi:10.1021/ic0400639. PMID 15762718.
Richens, chapters 4-12
Richens, p. 521
Richens, p 551.
Finholt, James E.; Leupin, Peter; Sykes, A. Geoffrey (1983). "Kinetics and mechanism of substitution of the quadruply bonded molybdenum(II) aqua dimer with thiocyanate and oxalate". Inorganic Chemistry. 22 (22): 3315–3333. doi:10.1021/ic00164a027.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. .
Richens, pp152-153.
Richens, p.202.
Data from Burgess, p. 182.
Richens, Figure 1.2.
Orgel, Lesie E. (1966). An introduction to transition-metal chemistry. Ligand field theory (2nd. ed.). London: Methuen. p. 76.
Baes&Mesmer, chapter 3.
Baes&Mesmer, p407
Baes&Mesmer, p 409.
Baes&Mesmer, section 18.2.
Baes&Mesmer, Table 18.3.
Baes&Mesmer, p. 420.
Richens, Figure 6.26, p. 295
Atkins, P.W.; de Paula, J. (2006). Physical Chemistry (8th. ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-870072-2. Chapter 22.
Adapted from Burgess, Tables 11.4 and 11.5
Richens, p. 74. Burgess, p. 323.
IUPAC SC-Database A comprehensive database of published data on equilibrium constants of metal complexes and ligands
Burgess, Table 8.1
Baes, C.F.; Mesmer, R.E. (1986) [1976]. The Hydrolysis of Cations. Malabar, FL: Robert E. Krieger. ISBN 978-0-89874-892-5.
Burgess, John (1978). Metal Ions in Solution. Chichester: Ellis Horwood. ISBN 978-0-85312-027-8.
Richens, David. T. (1997). The Chemistry of Aqua Ions. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-97058-3.
Stumm, Werner; Morgan, James J. (1995). Aquatic Chemistry - Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters (3rd. ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-471-51185-4.
Schweitzer, George K.; Pesterfield, Lester L. (2010). The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-539335-4.
H. L. Friedman, F. Franks, Aqueous Solutions of Simple Electrolytes, Springer; reprint of the 1973 edition, 2012 ISBN 1468429574
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General Category => Ecology, Pets & the Animal Kingdom => Topic started by: Sheena on November 28, 2010, 05:14:15 pm
Title: Pet-Keeping and Animal Sacrifice as Seen Economically and Archaeologically
Post by: Sheena on November 28, 2010, 05:14:15 pm
Pet-Keeping and Animal Sacrifice as Seen Economically and Archaeologically
By Julie 23/11/2010 19:35:00
(http://www.archnews.co.uk/thumbnail.php?file=MISC_STUFF__61__653687260.jpg&size=article_medium)
Pet-keeping in antiquity was a common practice. How the animals were treated can often be seen archaeologically.
By most modern standards, household pets such as cats and dogs are looked at as companion animals. It can be assumed that some people in the past acquired a similar affection to household or working animals. A companion animal is generally valued as being able to bring its owner a sense of loyalty, comfort, security and friendship. Aside from being strictly companions, pets may additionally provide a household function such as dogs providing security for the family and household and cats catch and kill small, destructive pests. Companion animals need not always be soft and cuddly housemates and dogs and cats were not the only animals valued as pets. In some medieval and post-medieval farming societies, cattle and sheep were regarded as companion animals in life but at the time of their death, they quickly were converted from pet-status to food commodity (Harris 1986, 177-178).
Historical evidence surrounding the keeping of pets clearly shows that animals were prized not only for their household duties, but some, for more non-practical reasons. Some companion animals came to symbolize the status of a person or family. Lap dogs were in fashion in the early seventeenth century, as they are today. The tiny dogs were a sure sign of wealth and status as evident by the sheer uselessness of the dog. Lapdogs generally do not catch and kill household pests, could not secure the home of its owner or protect its family from intruders. Aside from being little more than a vocal alarm, lapdogs have virtually no other practical purpose. In Thomas’ (1983) work, it is stated that, “The Stewarts in particular, were so obsessed with them that in 1617 James I was accused of loving his dogs more than his subjects.” Other not-so-cuddly animals were often kept as non-practical companion animals or symbols of wealth. Exotic birds and monkeys among other unusual critters within the society were also clues to the statuses of their owners. Archaeologically, trade routes and bone evidence give clues to the animals imported and exported by a community. North African tortoises were traded as far back as the seventeenth century (Thomas 2005, 101) and the acquisition or collecting of strange, unusual or non-local animals signifies the elevated status of an individual (Thomas 2005, 101).
Archaeologically, animal remains often show evidence of mistreatment, cruelty and other inhumane acts toward the animal in life. Numerous broken rib and jaw bone remains of dogs provide unmistakable evidence of abused animals. Contrasting evidence also shows animals being taken care of when wounded, or treated with respect at death. If the dog was not particularly useful during its life, one must wonder what its purpose was. Surely, a dog with an amputated leg or other deformity was not furry companion.
The zooarchaeological-economic link is revealed again through the acknowledgment of the abundance of reasons for the sacrifice of animals throughout history. Animals have been sacrificed for seemingly endless reasons. People in the past and also the present choose animals based on many factors; age, sex, size and association to a certain god or goddess are just a few. The reasons why people sacrifice animals at all is plentiful as well. Secular, as well as non-secular reasons including honouring the dead, ensuring the continuation of life, providing good luck, enhancing fertility of people, animals as well as crops, keeping the rain god, the sun god or any number of other gods satisfied are all only a fraction of the reasons why. Reasons, whether economically charged or not; are still valid answers to the question “Why?” Zooarchaeologically, the economic, as well as the non-economic reasons can be uncovered. Lauwerier (2002) discusses the economic impact of different types of animal sacrifice. Which is more detrimental to the economy of a society, the loss of one horse’s meat, or the loss of a few chicken’s meat? One may immediately answer with the horse meat of course, as a horse provides many hundreds of kilograms of meat where as a chicken may only offer one or two. That answer would be argued as incorrect if the society never or rarely consumes horse meat. In Roman times, horses were used as work animals, in battle, and as transport; but, as today, horses were considered comrades (Lauwerier 2002, 70). Additionally, the consumption of horse meat might be considered taboo. Ritual consumption, however, is often the culprit for a horse or other animal ‘comrade’ to be eaten. Rituals can be economic or non-economic in nature; often they are both. Suovitaurtilia, the sacrifice of the same numbers of sheep, cattle and pigs in a single ritual, was performed either for the commemoration of the dead or to purify a field used for agricultural purposes and (Wilkens 2002, 73). The commemoration of the dead appears have no economic motive; the purification of the field before seed planting or harvest-time, most certainly does.
The keeping of pets and the sacrifice of animals adds to and often enhances the economic standing of a society whether it is intended or not. Archaeologically, these actions can be seen, establishment of the practice can be made and therefore, it can and should be examined and scrutinized.
Harris, M., 1986. Good to Eat: Riddles of Food and Culture, Allen & Unwin, London
Lauwerier, R., 2002. The economic and non-economic animal: Roman depositions and offerings. In Sharyn Jones O’Day, Wim Van Neer and Anton Ervynck (eds.), Behavior Behind Bones-The zooarchaeology of ritual, religion, status and identity. Proceedings of the 9th ICAZ Conference, Durham. Oxford 66-72
Renfrow, C., n.d. Medieval and Renaissance Food: Sources, Recipes, and Articles. URL: (www.pbm.com/~lindahl/food-art/) Accessed 10 September, 2008
Rumpolt, M., 1604 Ein new Kochbuch. Germany (taken from www.pbm.com/~lindahl/food-art/) accessed 21, September 2008
Thomas, K., 1983. Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England 1500-1800, Allen Lane, London,
Thomas, R., 2005. Perceptions versus reality: changing attitudes toward pets in medieval and post-medieval England. In Just Skin and Bones? New Perspectives on Human-Animal Relations in the Historical Past. BAR International Series 1410, 95-104
Wilkens, B., 2002. Roman suovitaurilia and its predecessors. In Sharyn Jones O’Day, Wim Van Neer and Anton Ervynck (eds.), Behavior Behind Bones-The zooarchaeology of ritual, religion, status and identity. Proceedings of the 9th ICAZ Conference, Durham. Oxford 73-76
Julie (Robinson) St. Jean
Julie@archnews.co.uk
www.julie-robinson.com
http://www.archnews.co.uk/featured/3911-pet-keeping-and-animal-sacrifice-as-seen-economically-and-archaeologically.html
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Aus vs Ind: Adelaide Test to go ahead as scheduled, confirms CA
New Delhi : The Adelaide Test between Australia and India will go on as per schedule, Cricket Australia Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Nick Hockley confirmed on Tuesday. “You are aware that there was a small, contained cluster of Covid cases last week. We have been working very closely with the South Australian government and at this stage we have been given assurances that it has been contained,” Hockley said. “The lockdown that they were under finished last Saturday. So at this stage all assistance go for the Adelaide Test. We are confident that it will go ahead as scheduled,” he added.
There had been doubts over the first Test — a pink-ball fixture — as coronavirus outbreak in South Australia led to suggestions that the December 17-21 match at the Adelaide Oval, the only Test of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy which Virat Kohli will play before returning to India for the birth of his child, be shifted to the latter half of the series. But Hockley said that the match is on schedule.
“We have been lucky that the cases have been very low in Australia. The community transmission has been limited. We worked very hard with the health authorities and with each host city in Australia and worked together the best possible conditions that includes over the last number of days of quarantine, full training, centre-wicket practice, outdoor gym for both India and the Australian players returning from IPL,” said the Cricket Australia chief executive.
“Obviously, the safety of both participants in the community is our absolute number one priority. But we are working closely with the BCCI to make sure that we are providing absolutely the best possible conditions for both training and playing and also accommodation throughout the course of the tour,” he added. Before the Test series, Australia and India are scheduled to play three ODIs and three T20Is beginning Friday.
Adelaide 2020-11-24
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Athlete Chat: St. Patrick's Derrick Gordon
by Matthew Allinson 04-15-2009 02:00 AM Athlete Interviews | Athlete Career Development | Human Relations | Recruiting
Only a razor-thin line separates the nation’s top high school basketball players as they compete with each other for prestigious summer camp invitations and D-I scholarship offers. It’s no wonder that many elite players tend to judge their performances based on how many points they had in their last outing and focus on stuffing the stat sheet to woo camp scouts and college coaches.
Derrick Gordon is a very different story. The highly touted sophomore shooting guard from St. Patrick High School has made a name for himself as the defensive stopper for the national powerhouse located in Elizabeth, N.J. With a slender-built 6-foot-3, 170 lb. frame and a high-energy presence, the athletic Gordon emerged as a solid role player for St. Patrick this season, contributing 12 PPG and relentless defensive pressure.
While Gordon would easily be the star player on 99.9% of other teams across the country, he has found himself scrapping for minutes on a team stacked to the brim with talent. This season, St. Patrick boasted some of the best players in the nation, including McDonalds All-American and UNC-bound Dexter Strickland (6’3” G); Michael Gilchrist (6’6” F), the #1 rated sophomore in the class of 2011; Kyrie Irving (6’1” G), ranked #29 junior by ESPNU for the class of 2010; and Paris Bennett (6’6” F), who will be playing for George Mason next year. “Everybody knows we have a lot of depth on the team,” said Gordon.
As the self-proclaimed “defensive playmaker,” Gordon has made his mark amidst this star-studded lineup by adopting a “defense is first” mentality and playing hard-nosed defense against the best of the best. Throughout the season, St. Patrick Head Coach and 2007 National Coach of the Year, Kevin Boyle, often assigned Gordon to guard the opposing team’s best offensive player. This is a daunting task considering St. Patrick played one of the most grueling schedules in the country, with match-ups against the likes of Oak Hill Academy (Mouth of Wilson, VA), Mater Dei (Santa Ana, CA), Lincoln (Brooklyn, NY), Word of God Christian Academy (Raleigh, NC), St. Benedict’s Prep (Newark, NJ), among other nationally-ranked opponents. Gordon not only accepted this challenge, but he relished the opportunity.
In February, St. Patrick played against Lincoln (Bronx, NY) on ESPN2 in the NIKE Super 6 Showdown at Fordham University’s Rose Hill Gymnasium before 2,500. For the bulk of the 3rd quarter, Gordon defended the all-time NYC scoring leader and top-10 prospect Lance Stephenson (#7 Scout, #9 Rivals, #8 ESPN). Stephenson was recently selected as a McDonald’s All-American and lead his team to an unprecedented four straight city titles. Despite giving up 3 inches and 30 pounds to the 6-foot-6, 200lbs Stephenson, Gordon was not intimidated by his great size and strength. Gordon badgered Stephenson with his stifling on-the-ball defense and helped frustrate the explosive scorer who has a lethal first step into a cold shooting night (he shot 9-of-23 from the field).
Even though Stephenson finished with a game-high 21 points, Gordon contributed to the team effort that prevented Stephenson from erupting for a 30 to 40 point game as he did against St. Patrick two years prior (Stephenson had 42 points in a 91-74 win against St. Patrick at the Prime Time Shootout). This time around, St. Patrick triumphed over Lincoln 63-58 in the showdown.
Gordon personally felt that he played well against Stephenson and expressed unabashed pride in his defensive prowess.
"Lance Stephenson is not the only good player that I’ve guarded since the season started. At the beginning of the year, we played John Wall’s team and I had to guard him. His name is really out there. He is the #1 player in the class of 2009. It was crazy guarding him because there is so much hype about him. We basically played them in their own back yard. So, I just had to bring it…so I did.
On my team, I’m one of the main defensive players. Everybody we play against, they put me on the best player. I’m a main part of this team because of my defense. The time I was in the game, it was very useful. I did my job and did what I was supposed to do."
Gordon’s defensive efforts were instrumental in St. Patrick capturing its third NJSIAA Tournament of Champions Title in four years as New Jersey’s most elite team. Even better, St. Patrick finished one of its most dominate seasons in school history with a 30-3 record and #4 national ranking in the USA Today Super 25.
Winning the New Jersey State Title was not the only goal Gordon set out to accomplish this season. Gordon’s individual goal this year was to have a breakout season. “I really think I had that so far,” said Gordon after the Lincoln game in February.
When I interviewed Gordon as a freshman, he told me his main goal was to work hard so that he could start his 10th grade year. While Gordon cracked the starting lineup several times this season, he endured a tough journey to get there.
"I’m not the type of person who likes to sit on the bench. When I came to St. Pats, that’s what I had to do my freshman year. It was really tough, and at one point, I felt like transferring. I had so much pressure on me when I went back to Plainfield because a lot of people were coming up to me asking ‘why aren’t you playing?’ Actually, I was about to transfer twice from St. Pats [to play with my brother Daryl at Plainfield High School]. That was my biggest hurdle."
Gordon may have been discouraged, but quitting was never an option and he grinded it out on the bench his freshman year. He lives by the mantra: never give up!
"Sometimes things may not work out for you, but you always have to push yourself. Last year, some things didn’t go my way, but I kept pushing myself... pushing myself. This year, it turned out real big for me, so I’m glad I just stayed with it."
Although Gordon started several times this season, he still came off the bench as the backup shooting guard in many games. I asked Gordon what aspects of his game he needed to change to solidify himself as a regular starter.
"It’s not about changing anything because I cracked the starting lineup at the beginning of the year. In some games we played, I would be in the starting lineup. So, it’s not like I have to change anything. My Head Coach always tells me don’t change anything in my game. Just keep doing what I’m supposed to do. Keep playing defense like you do. Don’t change nothing up. Coach was saying that at the beginning of the year. I had to step up my first game because we played against a great team with John Wall. I ended up having 27 points and 4 steals that game, even though that was my first time really playing varsity. It’s not about me changing my game. I just gotta keep doing what I’m doing. Put in my time and keep getting better."
Gordon knows that his opportunity will come next season and plans to work hard on improving his game this off-season. Like any other young player, he still has to develop certain skills.
"The thing that will get me really good at the next level is improving my handle and my jump shot. For my junior year, Coach wants me to work on using my off-hand (left) and improve my range. I have a good mid-range jumpshot, but he wants me to go behind the [3-point] line now. I need to be in the weight room a little more, but like overall, those are really the two things I need to do right now."
Gordon is lucky to have a strong support network in place with Coach Boyle and Dexter Strickland offering him valuable guidance.
He describes his relationship with Coach Boyle as “real good.” “He is not there to tell us bad things. He always tells us good things. He helps us out. I couldn’t have no coach that’s better than him.” Kevin Boyle comes highly recommended with a 559-99 career record, 10 state titles, and a perennial nationally ranked program. He produces top D-I prospects every year.
In his first two seasons, Gordon was also afforded the luxury of getting tips from McDonald’s All-American and UNC commit, Dexter Strickland, a privilege most young players don’t have at their disposal. Since his freshman year at St. Patrick, Gordon has looked up to the older guard Strickland.
“He told me stuff everyday. He always told me what I was doing wrong when we had practice. He helped me when we were doing plays. We always shot together. It was basically the same thing [as my freshman year]. It just kept getting better and better.”
Outside of the St. Patrick program, Gordon’s biggest mentor is his older brother Mike Gordon, who played his college ball for the Binghamton Bearcats and is now pursuing a professional basketball career in Germany. He also likes to pattern his game after UNC’s Wayne Ellington. Gordon especially likes Ellington’s soft shooting touch and smooth overall game. “I always liked him since he was in high school. After I seen him play, he’s been my role model.”
Gordon ranks his top five college choices as follows: Western Kentucky, Florida State, Virginia, VTech, Indiana, and Maryland. However, he said that Maryland needs to show more interest because he hasn’t received any calls from them.
At the moment, top mid-major Western Kentucky is Gordon’s frontrunner. Both Gordon and St. Benedict’s guard Kelvin Amayo (a close friend and fellow Team New Jersey Elite AAU teammate) have an unofficial visit scheduled at Western Kentucky in early June.
Gordon touched upon the most important factors that he considers in selecting which college he will be attending in two years.
“The first thing I look for is academics. Last year, Western Kentucky was one of the only teams with a 100% graduation rate. I just have to have a good fit there. Everybody has that feeling like ‘this is where I’m going to call my home in the future.’ I just have a real good fit there and a real good relationship with the coaches. Maximum exposure… that really doesn’t matter to me. I know that I could go to Indiana if I really wanted to. I just want to go somewhere where I’m wanted and basically make it there. So all that stuff, really doesn’t matter to me.”
It’s comforting to hear that Gordon recognizes the value of education. “My family always told me to have your academics before your sports and that keeps playing in my mind,” added Gordon. Gordon is more interested in selecting a school that is a good fit for him than following the path of maximum exposure and hype. This reflects his maturity, deeper understanding of the decision-making process, and strong fortitude by not succumbing to the pressures of the recruiting process.
Gordon was also happy to elaborate more on why the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers currently sit at the top of his list.
“Because the coaches. The coaches are so funny. I have a great relationship with the head coach [Coach Ken McDonald] and the assistant coaches. I talked to a lot of the other assistant coaches too. They are funny. I asked them the question, ‘If I was to come your school, how would I fit into the system?’ They told me I would be a good fit because I would come in and play a lot of good minutes. But they also said, ‘in order to do that, you’ll have to come in and work. You can come here your freshman year and be a really good player. But, we aren’t just going to hand that to you, you have to earn it.’ That’s one of the things I like about them. They aren’t coaches that will tell you what you want to hear. They will give it to you straight. And that’s what really caught my eye about that school.”
It was the transparency and candidness of the Western Kentucky’s staff that attracted Gordon the most. He knows he will have to earn every second of his playing time and is prepared to succeed in the competitive college environment.
This summer, Gordon will play his AAU ball for Team New Jersey Elite, along with other top preps from New Jersey. (Check out Gordon, #32, with the nice crossover and jumper around the 20:45 mark.) He is determined to help his team win the AAU 17U National Championship in Orlando.
There is no question that Gordon has all talent in the world. He will have the opportunity to realize his full potential next season when he becomes a consistent starter for St. Patrick. Gordon has been honing his defensive skills and buying his time for the last two seasons and now he is ready to show everyone why he is one of the best players in the Class of 2011. He aspires to be selected as a McDonald’s All-American in his senior year, and if he continues to follow the lead of his mentor Dexter Strickland and former McDonald’s All American and Villanova standout Corey Fisher, he will have a good shot at accomplishing this goal and carving out his legacy as the next top guard to come out of St. Patrick.
On behalf of AccessAthletes, we would like to thank Derrick Gordon for taking time out of his busy schedule to do an interview with The Real Athlete Blog. Matthew Allinson can be reached at matt@accessathletes.com.
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Apple's security chief was indicted on bribery charges over allegations that he offered $70,000 worth of iPads in exchange for concealed-carry permits for Apple security guards (AAPL)
By: Business Insider
Apple's chief security officer on Monday was indicted on bribery charges after he was accused of offering an estimated $70,000 worth of iPads to a sheriff's office in exchange for concealed-carry weapons permits.
Thomas Moyer, the executive, was indicted, along with Rick Sung, the second-in-command at the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office, and Sheriff's Capt. James Jensen. The Mercury News first reported the indictment. Jensen had previously been charged on separate counts of felony bribery and conspiracy in connection with a plan to reelect Sheriff Laurie Smith in 2018.
Apple is headquartered in Cupertino, California, which is policed by the sheriff's office in question. Smith has not been charged.
The investigation into the licenses had been underway for more than a year. Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeff Rosen said in a Monday press conference that the plan to donate the 200 iPads was abandoned once the district attorney launched an investigation in August 2019 and obtained a search warrant to examine all records of concealed-carry weapons licenses in.
Rosen said the "quid pro quo" arrangement is "illegal" and that it "erodes public confidence in the criminal-justice system."
"When high-ranking members of a law-enforcement agency are at the heart of a bribery scheme, it tarnishes the badge, the honor, and the reputations, and tragically the effectiveness of all law-enforcement agencies," Rosen said Monday.
The defendants have an arraignment scheduled for January 11, and they could be sentence to prison time if convicted, CBS San Francisco reported.
In a statement to the Mercury News, Moyer's lawyer said Moyer was innocent of the charges against him and that they "look forward to making Tom's innocence clear in court."
The Mercury News called the case the biggest political scandal in recent history for Santa Clara County, where other tech giants are headquartered in addition to Apple.
Two ex-managers of a Silicon Valley security firm pleaded guilty in October to charges in connection with the scandal, CBS San Francisco reported.
Apple did not immediately respond to Business Insider's request for comment.
Read the full report on The Mercury News here.
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SEE ALSO: Apple killed a security project after the FBI pushed back, sources say
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MOVE OR ROVE – The Penultimate Blog
Report from a Roving Specialty
by Carole Stein
Longtime boxer fancier Carole Stein recently returned from the Frenchie National, a roving specialty that was held at the Hilton Hotel NE in Atlanta from Sunday, September 25, through Friday, September 30. We don’t know what Carole decided about adding a Frenchie to her household, but she did bring back some interesting ideas on how an ABC roving national might work. At the end of Carole’s report, we’ll provide some stats from the 2011 Frenchie and ABC Catalogs; and as always, a few opinions. J
I spent the last 4 days in Atlanta at the Frenchie National. I think it’s always interesting to share different ideas, so here goes: For entries, the Frenchie people considered this show to be very large (317 to 325 dogs at each of the 2 parent club sponsored shows held during the week, including 110 – 119 specials; also 147 entries in a mid-week sweepstakes.). It doesn't seem to be a "handlers’ breed," like boxers. It was fun to reconnect with Boxer folks who have downsized J. But let's talk about the show.
First, there is a company called http://www.specialtydogshows.com/. This company only does specialty dog shows, and all I can say is Wow!! From the catalogue to the premium list to the judging schedule and rosettes, they know how to put the SPECIAL in “Specialty.” They are good enough to do large shows like the Golden National. I of course asked about their pricing versus that of the regular show superintendents – they claim that they are competitive, if not a bit less expensive. BUT, you know you are at a Specialty, not just another dog show.
Because this is their business, they know where there are good and bad dog show venues first hand. And because the French Bull Dog Club of America has an interactive website, I could purchase tickets in advance for just the dinners or events I wanted to attend. When I arrived, there was a packet with my name tag to hang around my neck and all my tickets were inside. Everyone received logo-imprinted coolers stuffed with lots of goodies. Interestingly, rescue organizations put in things as well as various Frenchie kennels. The whole scene was very welcoming. Frenchies, like many breeds, have a roving national, and this one was very well-done.
Their annual meeting was one night, but it wasn't the whole night, it was part of the art auction night. The silent auction to benefit their charitable foundation went on the whole week of the show. What I liked so much was how it was organized to allow every Frenchie owner to participate and feel like they were connected and involved, whether they were at the show or not. I don't know how it was put together but there were HUGE baskets from various states, loaded with goodies from a particular state. I would correlate it to a local club building a basket and sending it. That way, even if you weren't at the National you could still feel like you participated and you belonged and you contributed, either stuff or sweat equity. This is an old club – way older than the ABC and they know how to get things done.
There were also raffles going on. People were buying tickets right and left and putting the ticket in the jar next to the item they were interested in. A fancier from Louisiana had built a 5 foot wooden whelping box inside of an armoire. There was some serious stuff and less serious stuff. But you had the whole week to bid and look and buy more raffle tickets to increase your chances. The club made it very easy for you to give money to all their good causes.
They ended the week by finishing up with the awards banquet and silent auction for their foundation, instead of separating the two events – you can see more on the FBDCA website. Their Top 20 was Wednesday night.
Frenchies are clowns. Monday night there was a “pupcake” parade. The folks who dressed up themselves and their dogs took it all very seriously. The judges, well they even hired a local member of the "Real Housewives of Atlanta" cast. It was very funny.
The hotel was fine. There was one restaurant and a small bar. Food wasn't bad. Service was OK – rooms were clean. The hotel had bus service that took you where you wanted to go within a 5 mile radius. The show committee made sure that there were clean-up materials in every nook and cranny in case of an accident. There were a whole lot of motor homes and not a whole lot of handlers. I very easily got in and out of Hartsfield.
As I have said several times over the years, you can't have a revolving national unless there is a process and committee in place first to make it happen. I personally think that airports are no longer of great importance – having adequate RV space is far more important, at least for a roving specialty, to which many more people would be driving rather than flying. And while the pictures that line the walls of the ballroom at the ABC are awesome, their storage should not be an issue IMHO J
The big difference here is that the Frenchie parent club offers 2 shows in 5 days – 2 sets of 5pt majors! The parent club puts on both an independent specialty AND a national specialty. Instead of a futurity, the club offered a sweepstakes on Wednesday. Frankly, I think the idea of having 2 shows in 5 days would be very appealing to a lot of people.
I know there are boxer folks on this list that are Frenchie Club members - please pass on my thanks for making a perfect stranger feel very welcome.
Ok, now let’s compare the two shows – the Frenchie Nat’l and the ABC – and see where the twain might meet. As Carole noted, the Frenchie Nat’l offered two separate shows with 300+ entries each, plus a huge sweeps, a health clinic and DNA blood draw, breeders and judges educational seminars, annual awards banquet, foundation auction, Top 20, and several other events, all in the space of 5 days.
At the ABC, there were 752 dogs entered, including 193 in the Futurity, 163 Obedience entries, 97 Rally entries, and a large off-site Agility Trial. Plus all of the “extracurricular” activities mentioned above. Obviously the ABC entry is much larger and so are the dogs (you can’t tuck a 6 mos boxer puppy in a carrier under the seat on an airplane, much less an adult), but the ABC runs for 7 days rather than 5 to accommodate the larger entry, a separate dinner and auction for the ABCF, and the big performance events.
Even so, given the disparity in the size of the entry and the size and purpose of the dogs (Working versus Non-Sporting), I’m not sure we can draw any conclusions about how a French Bull Dog style roving show might work for the ABC. A better comparison would be the roving Dobe or Golden Retriever or Great Dane National Specialty. And in fact, the professional event planner that Carole mentioned above has coordinated in the past and is planning current and future national specialties for Goldens, Labs, Rhodesian Ridgebacks and Alaskan Malamutes, among other larger breeds. It would be very simple to contact the specialty-planning company and/or the national breed clubs involved to see how the company performed and how pleased the parent club was/is with a roving national system. (I’ve always wondered why the ABC has never considered using a professional event planner.)
Another good comparison might be the 2011 New England Boxer Regional, from which I just returned. Five sets of 5-pt majors – entries of 140+ to 160+ every day – a plethora of other activities, dinners, meetings, a heart clinic, a 4 – 6 mos puppy competition 4 days in a row, etc; and despite the sudden illness of one of the major organizers, a smoothly-run group of shows with very few glitches and no obvious dissension among the host clubs.
The big question remains, however: Is an ABC roving national an idea whose time has come? And is a roving show the fairest solution to equal access for ALL ABC members and exhibitors?
This is the next-to-last installment in our “Moving or Roving series. Please tune in to our next blog for the surprise conclusion. VZ J
Posted by Virginia Zurflieh at 4:53 PM 1 comment:
MOVE OR ROVE by Jennifer Walker, Newcastle Boxers
Throughout this series, others have covered the history behind the ABC National, how we got to Fort Mitchell, and the acknowledged difficulty that many ABC members, notably those in the West and Southwest, face getting to ABC each year. I won’t go much into those topics, except to point out, in fairness, that ever since the move to Fort Mitchell, the ABC National has been “centrally located”, as far as the Board and the attorney it consulted are concerned. (The center of the US is 35 miles outside of Springfield, MO; the Board stipulated the show site should be within 100 miles of an airport that is within 350 miles of that location. Fort Mitchell meets these guidelines, as does Indianapolis.) The problem, ostensibly, is not so much that the Board won’t move the show site as that the members weren’t clear enough when they asked for a “central location.”
Some have joked that the fairest thing would be to find a location that is equally inconvenient to as many members as possible – and there is some truth to that. A better plan, however, might be for the membership to vote to abandon the central location, and instead institute a roving National. It could be done as simply as that – at the next membership meeting where there is a quorum, any voting member in good standing can make a motion to send a vote to the membership, to eliminate the requirement for a central location and instead hold a roving National. Any other voting member in good standing can second it. If the motion passes, the Board will be directed to send the issue to the membership for a vote; if it passes the membership, we will begin to hold a roving National. (Stick around to the end of this article, however, for a caveat on that.)
This is the simple way, but also probably the worst way. We’ve all seen how as vague a notion as a “central location” has gone – that motion was made 13 years ago and some still feel we’re nowhere near centrally located. It will serve the membership far better, instead, to prepare a thoroughly detailed and specific motion that leaves no room for interpretation as to the wishes of the membership. Barring any Board intervention, this will need to go to the entire membership for a vote – Dr. Bob Oliver established a precedent in 2001 that any change in site location must be the result of a mandate from either the Board or the entire membership, and not of a vote made at a membership meeting.
The ideal would be for two or three driven individuals, who have time to spare, to work together on bringing this motion to the floor. Several aspects must be considered and included in the motion, to ensure that as many questions and objections as possible are addressed by the motion itself. The primary considerations are a schedule for rotation, show site criteria, show chair and committees, and ABC property that must be transported to each National and stored in between.
Establish A Rotation Schedule
Virginia suggested four regions for a roving National – I’d suggest five, based on the current Zones into which our local Boxer Clubs are already divided. Roughly, these five could be called Northeast (Zone A), Midwest (Zone B), Southeast (Zone C), Southwest (Zone D), and West (Zone E). The most equitable rotation would be to alternate north and south, east and west, both from year to year and within each Zone. Starting with the West, since they seem the most eager to host a National in their territory, one rotation might be the northern part of Zone E (Pacific Northwest), Zone C (Florida), Zone D (Colorado), Zone A (New York), and the western part of Zone B (Missouri); the next rotation would be the southern part of Zone E (SoCal), Zone C (Ohio), Zone D (Texas), Zone A (Maryland), Zone B (Minnesota); and so on.
This also addresses the issue of whether we’ll have enough workers to put on a roving National. While I agree with Virginia that the ABC should be footing the bill for the events at the National Specialty, the workers must come from the local Boxer Clubs – and not just those immediately local. For a National in the Pacific Northwest, for example, the Pacific Northwest Boxer Club would not be the only Club providing workers; the Oregon and Spokane Boxer Clubs would be expected to assist, and possibly the East Bay and Sacramento Valley Clubs depending on how liberal one was with the definition of “Pacific Northwest”.
Adjust Show Site Criteria
The current show site criteria we have is very specific, and unfortunately also very difficult for most sites to meet. That’s one large reason we’ve been in Fort Mitchell for so many years – the several other, more central sites the Site Selection Committee evaluated did not meet our criteria for one reason or another. Virginia listed the “drop dead” criteria in Part II of this series; the more extensive list is posted on the Boxer Nationals Venues Concerns Facebook group and in the Summer 2011 Bulletin. The group making the motion needs to decide which of the criteria really are “drop dead” and on which we are able to compromise. (Can the airport be an hour and a half from the site, if free shuttle service is readily available? Can the hotel not have a full-service restaurant if there’s one right next door? Could we have the show outdoors? [Several breeds do; Rotties and Goldens recently held their Nationals at a National Park in Colorado.] Should we change our show date to allow for better weather conditions, both for travel and for flying dogs?) The minimum room requirement should, I believe, stay – no one wants a repeat of the situation in Frederick, where all the rooms sold out within an hour of becoming available. (Whether we need a hotel at the show site is a debatable topic – but if we don’t, then I’d suggest we move the National to Purina Farms and leave it there. The facility is tailor-made for dog shows and I believe meets and exceeds every other criteria except the on-site hotel.)
Provide for a Show Chair and Show Committee
I don’t mean assigning a specific person as Show Chair; that is the purview of the President with the approval of the Board of Directors. The motion should provide, however, that the Show Chair be appointed several years in advance (be specific here – they say it takes three years to plan a National, so I’d suggest appointing the Show Chair four or five years in advance). It would probably work best to have the same Show Chair for several years, but again that is the President’s decision. The point is to ensure a Show Chair is appointed far enough in advance that there is ample time to obtain a site, so we don’t end up in a situation where we don’t have another site lined up so we’re staying where we are for the next few years.
Likewise, the President assigns the Chairs of the various show sub-committees, with each Chair selecting committee members. The motion can request that certain Committee Chairs be chosen from the local Boxer Clubs: Hospitality, RV Parking, Special Events Coordinator – positions best served by someone in the area who can be onsite relatively easily throughout the planning stages. Like the Show Chair, the motion can also request that the Committee Chairs be chosen in advance.
Storage and Transportation of ABC Property
One of the arguments against moving from the Drawbridge was that we had nowhere to store the various items of ABC property used at each show between events. This property includes the large portraits that line the walls in the show room and I believe the Top Twenty archway, lighting, and ring decorations. A motion to institute a roving National should include a provision that the Board of Directors assign one person to be responsible for transporting the ABC property to each National and storing it between shows. Ideally, this person will be someone who is able and willing to drive to the National, regardless of where it is held; who has the ability to tow a trailer in which the property is loaded; and who has the ability to store that trailer in an area where it is protected from weather, vermin, and other damage. An alternative is to pay for storage and shipping each year, which may become prohibitively expensive. The motion should probably leave the specifics to the Board and/or Show Chair to decide; a motion to assign one person who is responsible for storing and transporting the property from year to year should be sufficient.
Clearly, this is a complex motion and as such, should be presented in writing to ensure clarity. The written motion should say something like this:
“That we amend the May, 1998 motion on the site location ["that the National Specialty be held in a central location in the United States of America and that the vote on this motion be put to the entire membership.”] by striking out “in a central location” and replacing with “at rotating locations”, and by adding the following after “America” and before “and that the vote….”:
“that the locations rotate among the current Regional Zones in the order E, C, D, A, B, or in such a manner that the site rotates between North and South and between East and West;
“that the show criteria be amended to exclude the requirement for …… [fill in as/if needed];
“that the President, with the approval of the Board, select a Show Chairperson at least four years prior to the show date;
“that the President, with the approval of the Board, fill the Hospitality, RV Parking, and Special Events chair positions at least four years in advance with someone local to the show site;
“that the President, with the approval of the Board, assign one person to be responsible for responsible for transporting the ABC property to each National and storing it between shows; “
For clarification, the entire motion will read:
That we amend the May, 1998 motion on the site location to read: That the National Specialty be held at rotation locations in the United States of America; that the locations rotate among the current Regional Zones in the order E, C, D, A, B, or in such a manner that the site rotates between North and South and between East and West; that the show criteria be amended to exclude the requirement for …… [fill in as/if needed]; that the President, with the approval of the Board, select a Show Chairperson at least four years prior to the show date; that the President, with the approval of the Board, fill the Hospitality, RV Parking, and Special Events chair positions at least four years in advance with someone local to the show site; that the President, with the approval of the Board, assign one person to be responsible for responsible for transporting the ABC property to each National and storing it between shows; and that the vote on this motion be put to the entire membership.
In parliamentary terms, this is a Motion to Amend Something Previously Adopted and requires a two-thirds vote to pass, a majority vote with previous notice, or a majority vote of the entire membership. Previous notice is a little tricky with a mailed vote – although there’s nothing in the Bylaws stating a specific amount of previous notice, it appears that we’ve used the length of time between mailing the ballot and the voting deadline (30 to 45 days) as previous notice in our past mailed votes. (Alternatively, the vote to send the issue to the membership, or the minutes of the meeting at which the topic is introduced, may also arguably be considered previous notice).
For the membership meeting, previous notice means notice of the motion must be included in the call of the meeting – which means either someone can announce at the Regional meeting that the motion will be brought up at the National meeting, or someone can contact the ABC Secretary and inform her of the intent to bring up the motion before she sends the call for the National meeting. (This can be done without previous notice, again, if it passes with a 2/3 vote; previous notice simply decreases the votes needed to a majority.)
Some important aspects of this discussion revolve around the role the Board plays. A key point for the membership meeting is that the Board, as a whole, has no presence at a membership meeting. Since our Board members are also Club members, they are of course allowed to attend and participate in the meeting *as members*, but any additional privileges they have at a meeting can only be granted to them by the assembly. This includes seating arrangements – according to parliamentary procedure, the head table should include only the President, who chairs the meeting; the Secretary, who sits close enough to the President that they can pass papers between them; and the Parliamentarian, who sits close enough to offer whispered advice to the President if necessary. The membership can, if they desire, make a motion to request that any other Board members at the head table take seats with the rest of the membership. Should those Board members refuse – and since we do not have a Sergeant-At-Arms – the membership can move their chairs around the head table. (Clearly this is a dramatic gesture but can be effective when faced with a bullying Board. The motion would need to be made before the site location motion is made, however, because it cannot be made after discussion begins on the site location. It requires a second and must pass by a majority. If the motion-makers feel the Board will be “circling its wagons” or attempting to “flex its muscles”, then dispersing the Board members from the head table may help restore power to the membership.)
After all is said and done, however, the ABC Bylaws state that “the governance and management of the Club shall be vested in the Board of Directors.” In a nutshell, this means that the membership has only those powers which are specifically given to them in the Bylaws. (I verified this with the AKC, since the wording is similar in their sample Bylaws – their response was “The members exercise authority only in those areas in which the bylaws specifically give them that power.”)
In other words, the Board doesn’t have to do anything at all about moving the show if they don’t want to. Even if the rotating National idea passed the membership unanimously, if the Board doesn’t want to move the show, the Board doesn’t have to. Our only recourse in that case is to elect a new Board that will be more responsive to the membership – and that will take some time, since our Board is elected in shifts of three years each.
Of course, we can hope that the Board will endeavor to put into action the will of the membership – and certainly if the Board members want to retain their positions it would be in their best interests to do so. There have been occasions recently, however, when the members and the Board have been in opposition, and in those cases the Board always wins.
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Home Study Abroad How will Brexit Impact International Education?
How will Brexit Impact International Education?
By Dhruv -
The recent news of UK splitting from the European Union (EU) has shocked everyone around the world. As a result of mixed response in the EU and the UK, the Brexit movement will bring along with it serious consequences throughout the world. While the headlines have been spearheading force in the global impact, this rickety ride will take another two years to reach the final negotiations, leaving behind a huge gap of confusion, doubt and a feeling for helplessness.
With this in mind, we wonder, how will this affect the international education scenario? Will it impact the international students moving to UK for higher studies? Would it make it tougher for the Indian students to get in?
Let’s have a look at the major possibilities of Brexit impact on international education.
Scholarship rules could change
With the separation or commonly referred to as, Brexit, the eligibility criteria for scholarships will change. Indian students could be on top of the priority list for the UK universities, with India being a major student market – This could mean more scholarships and funding for the students through external institutions such as the British Council.
While on the other hand, the EU education rewards and scholarships could prove to be a tough treat with most of them already scrapped or considered over-demanding. But, it’s only over time that we will be able to assess the actual position of these policies, as and when they are decided upon. Conversely, after Brexit, EU could gain popularity among the international students and could witness a higher number of applicants as compared to the UK.
London is the benchmark international student city but with the impact of Brexit, this vast majority of students belonging to various cultures and regions will find their free movement under the scanner. The policies have laid down stringent rules and regulations and the diversity of students that UK has enjoyed could be severely affected.
The movement of Indian students to the UK for education has already seen a decline over the past few years, with 2014-15 witnessing a fall by approximately 53%. Student mobility which is highly dependent on policies of the government could decline further with most students preferring to choose Europe, especially with their hopeful attitude towards welcoming international students and migrants, as seen lately.
As Brexit settles in, it will adversely affect the cost of education for international students, especially those in UK, which will now be put in the same faction as other international students. While the currency fall will have immediate short-term effects, resulting in lowering education expenses, a long-term analysis shows that several uncertain factors sum up to a much higher number.
Also, if the institutions suffer post the Brexit split, it could result in an increase in the tuition fee as well as other expenses, forcing students to shell out more for the education.
Research work could take a hit
With Brexit, a definite number of EU students in the UK are destined to decrease. This will also lead to a decrease in the funding that research work receives for the EU students. A number of elite universities in the UK could be forced to end their collaborations with the European Union, leading to the decreased amount of funding in research as well. This could see the rise of a new educational superpower in the EU with Germany and France being two strong forces standing firm in an otherwise, fluttering Europe.
With UK no longer part of the EU consortium, it will lose on the benefits and security that the other EU nations enjoy along with the financial support for research work being a major contributor.
Could EU take the lead?
The UK has always been a preferred study destination across the world but according to recent reports, the student mindset has changed and with the changing trends, the EU nations have started accommodating more students through courses taught in English. Especially with the recent attitude towards the migrant crisis, Europe has gained more limelight than one might think. And with the fall of an already faltering UK, Europe might have a chance of a lifetime to finally resort to the glory it deserved. This could mean a serious shift in the power and with UK, arguably, being the leader in international education, Brexit might be costlier affair than they signed up for.
These are just some of the possibilities in which Brexit could affect the international education scenario for the international students but, until there is no official announcement about the policies, students should not make any hasty decisions but rather understand the possibilities and make a calculated call. The people are greatly affected by the decision and a lot of those, who a few months ago were just across the channel, now find themselves in a whole other continent.
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Five scientific mysteries - D.G.
https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-which-fundamental-science-question-is-the-most-important-a537c63d74b1
Ask Ethan: Which Fundamental Science Question Is The Most Important?
Out of five vital questions, which one should we most desire the answer to?
Despite all we’ve learned about physics, science, and the Universe before us, there are still some incredibly fundamental questions whose answers are still elusive. Each one is a challenge to humanity, and the answers are thoroughly uncertain, with tremendous implications depending on what the answer actually is. From our cosmic birth to the fundamental laws governing everything, and from the origin of life to what actually makes up the Universe, there is so much left to discover. If we could only know the answer to one, which one should we choose? That’s what our Patreon supporter Chris Shaw wants to know, as he asks:
If you could have a complete answer to one of these 5 questions what would it be?
* Did cosmic inflation happen or was there another process?
* Is earth the only place in the cosmos with life?
* How [can we] merge general relativity and quantum mechanics?
* What is dark energy and dark matter?
* How did life begin on Earth?
These are all incredible questions, and they’re all open questions that probe our deepest mysteries about the Universe. Here’s why each one matters.
1.) Cosmic inflation: We know that the Big Bang happened, and that the hot Big Bang wasn’t the very beginning of the Universe. There are a number of finely-tuned, unexplained phenomena that need to be set up as initial conditions to give us the Universe we have today, or the Universe wouldn’t exist as-is. Cosmic inflation is the theory that provided the first accurate explanation for these conditions, reproduced the Big Bang, plus made a slew of other predictions, many of which have been confirmed to great precision. It would be great to know exactly what occurred before the hot Big Bang, and whether it was a particular variant of cosmic inflation, or something inflation-like that turns out to be quite different.
2.) Life beyond Earth: Surely, we can all agree that life exists on Earth. But is there any place beyond Earth that also has life? And what would be a good definition of life, anyway? Do other worlds in our Solar System, which certainly have the building blocks of life, have either past or present life on them? What about worlds around other stars? How likely are they or aren’t they to have life, and how advanced, by comparison to us, have they gotten? These are questions that we truly don’t know the answers to, even though we have extremely strong suspicions that all the same conditions that occurred here on Earth have occurred many trillions of times elsewhere in our Universe.
describing the Universe, with General Relativity accounting for gravitation and Quantum Field Theory accounting for the properties of the Universe’s particles and their interactions. But if you passed an electron through a double slit, what would happen to its gravitational field? What happens at the singularity inside a black hole? And is spacetime fundamental, or is itself composed of discrete quanta? Without a quantum theory of gravity, and a theoretical merging of General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory, we may never know. Is it possible? We think so. Does our Universe actually have a theory of everything? Is gravity truly quantum in nature? That we don’t know.
4.) Dark energy and dark matter: Do they exist? The evidence certainly strongly suggests it. What, exactly, are they? Those are big, open questions that we don’t know the answer to. Dark energy appears to be a constant form of energy uniformly distributed throughout space; dark matter appears to behave like a particle, clumping and clustering under the influence of gravitation. But is dark matter actually particle-based? Does dark matter interact with either itself or normal matter through any force other than gravitation? How did it come to be? And what about dark energy? Is it a property inherent to space itself? Is it a separate field? And why does it have the numerical value that it has? The answers to all of these have so far proved elusive.
5.) The origin of life: How did life on Earth begin? We know that the building blocks of life can be found throughout the galaxy, in interstellar space, and even in the Solar System. Complex, carbon-based molecules are found all over, from cyanide to sugars to ethyl formate, the last of which is the molecule that gives raspberries their characteristic smell. We’ve found meteorites originating from the asteroid belt with amino acids inside, including more than 60 that aren’t involved in life processes here on Earth. And finally, we’ve found circumstantial evidence supporting the idea that Earth-based life originated prior to our planet’s formation. Yet, we haven’t managed to create life from non-life to this point. And thus, we still don’t know how life on Earth began.
If we can magically snap our fingers and know the answer to one of these, which one should we pick? There are two important considerations:
1. Which one is the “hardest problem” in terms of knowing how to find the answer, and
2. Which one would be the most revolutionary and beneficial to our society?
We can throw out cosmic inflation, since we already have many strong lines of evidence that not only support inflation, but also tightly constrain which models of inflation are still valid. We’re too close, and if the next 20–30 years are kind to us, we may even learn how inflation occurred. For the same reason, we should throw out the questions of life beyond Earth, or how it arose. These are active questions we’re making huge progress on, and as much as I want to know that we’re not alone, the amount that we’re learning, both in terrestrial biology and astrobiology, is too important. When you learn the answer, you miss out on all the lessons of finding things out, and over the rest of our lifetimes, we’re likely to see the answers to these questions slowly revealed.
Which leaves the merger of General Relativity with the quantum Universe, and the origin/nature of dark matter and dark energy. These are both incredibly hard problems that have many ideas behind them, but realistically, have seen very little progress. It’s not even a certainty that our Universe has a quantum theory of gravity, or that dark matter and dark energy truly exist, although there are many good reasons to believe all of these are so. All would be revolutionary, and as with all fundamental physical discoveries, the societal benefits are hard to envision.
The cosmic web is driven by dark matter, with the largest-scale structure set by the expansion rate and dark energy. The small structures along the filaments form by the collapse of normal, electromagnetically-interacting matter.
But if we had to choose one, I’d pick the knowledge of dark energy/dark matter. If dark matter turns out to be a particle, it’s possible that we’ll be able to manipulate it in a new way that could be tremendously beneficial to society. It could lead to free, abundant energy, not just here on Earth but anywhere we travel to in the galaxy. It may be as efficient as matter-antimatter annihilation, and if we can harness it, it’ll be there no matter where we go. It’s the majority of the Universe, and our attempts to detect it have all come up empty thus far. It may turn out that we’re looking in all the wrong ways, but until we look in the right way, we have no way of knowing.
Even though the majority of dark matter in the galaxy exists in a vast halo engulfing us, each individual dark matter particle makes an elliptical orbit under the influence of gravity. If dark matter is its own antiparticle, and we learn how to harness it, it may be the ultimate source of free energy. Image credit: ESO / L. Calçada.
There aren’t right and wrong answers here, just choices. The important thing is to realize what we know, what we’re wondering about, what the possibilities are, and what we’re doing to try to learn the definitive answers. If we could simply know something that’s far out of reach today, it could guide us down the correct path. But don’t underestimate the value of the investigative process, or the power of the lessons learned as we make these discoveries. The pleasure lies not just in knowing, but in the act of finding things out!
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Categories: Best Supporting Actor (Mark Ruffalo), Best Actress (Annette Bening), Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay
One of the most talked about films of the year, The Kids are All Right tells the story of a lesbian couple (Bening and Julianne Moore) whose two children decide to seek out their sperm-donor dad (Ruffalo). The entire cast gives excellent performances, and the two nominated performers are no exception. Bening's character isn't particularly likable all the time, but you can tell she is trying to do what's best for her children. Overall the film is engaging, entertaining, and charming. The nominated screenplay is spot-on most of the time, though a few bits of the film come off more awkwardly than they may have been intended. Additionally there are some bits that seem completely unnecessary, for example the son whose teenage rebellions are never discovered or explained and which never amount to anything significant. Still, where it is important the script (and the film overall) gets it right, and that's why Academy Awards voters placed the film in this category to begin with.
Unfortunately for all involved, at the moment The Kids are All Right doesn't look to be a favorite in any category (though this could change). Its best shot is probably in the screenplay category as comedies (which this mostly is) rarely win acting or Best Picture Oscars.
What would you do the day that you hear you've been nominated for an Oscar? Call your family? Run down the street screaming? Um...go to class?
That's what James Franco elected to do yesterday morning. During an appearance on The Daily Show, he walked Jon Stewart through his morning: waking up at 5 a.m., driving to class at Yale, and then having a phone interview with the Today Show before ducking into the classroom, where not once did the professor or students divert the conversation away from Byron (the poet, for those of you unfamiliar) to draw attention to Franco's stellar accomplishment.
The interview probably made girls (and guys) everywhere fall in love with him even more. He just got nominated for an Oscar, which seems like the best excuse in the world to skip class, but earning a Ph.D. in English is more important. Franco is so down-to-earth and humble during the interview, you almost forget the fact that he is a giant movie star. Not to mention the hilarious spoof of his Oscar-nominated performance in 127 Hours: in several clips before his interview, the camera flashes to Franco in the green room, where he has tragically gotten his hand caught beneath a mini-fridge. Clearly the only option is to cut off his arm with a machete, right? Right.
Gotta love a guy with a sense of humor...especially if he's a hot famous actor.
See the disaster unfold here:
Intro - James Franco Is Stuck Under the Mini-Fridge
Daily Show Full Episodes Political Humor & Satire Blog The Daily Show on Facebook
Then watch the interview with Franco. Try not to drool.
I'll be honest with you: over the years, I've had pretty good success predicting who would win Oscars (especially in the "Big 8" categories), but not a great deal of success predicting who would be nominated in the first place. Of course, that's never stopped me from giving my opinion on who I think will or should get a nod. And so, without further ado, here are my thoughts—I'm loathe to call them predictions—on who will get that coveted wake-up call at 5:30 tomorrow morning.
As in most categories, there are a couple of shoo-ins and a few slots still up in the air. Golden Globe winner Colin Firth (The King's Speech) is basically guaranteed his second nod in as many years for his critically acclaimed performance as King George VI. Another safe bet is Jesse Eisenberg as Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg in The Social Network. Critics and audiences alike loved this film, and I expect it will be shown a lot of love by the Academy as well.
The other three slots are sort of up for grabs, though: Jeff Bridges (True Grit), James Franco (127 Hours), Mark Wahlberg (The Fighter), Robert Duvall (Get Low), and Kevin Spacey (Casino Jack) are all real contenders, and a dark horse candidate like Ryan Gosling (Blue Valentine) or Javier Bardem (Biutiful) could sneak his way onto the shortlist. My guess is Bridges, Franco, and Wahlberg will probably get the nods, but this will be a fun category to watch.
Everyone seems to agree that Annette Bening's performance in The Kids Are All Right was more than alright and should earn her her fourth Oscar nomination. Most would also agree that Natalie Portman's tour de force performance in Black Swan is not only a shoo-in, but the favorite to actually win the award. Although few people have seen the movies so far, Nicole Kidman (Rabbit Hole) and Jennifer Lawrence (Winter's Bone) have topped many critics' lists and will probably make the cut. That leaves the remaining spot to be filled by Michelle Williams (Blue Valentine) or Hailee Steinfeld (True Grit), with an outside chance that Julianne Moore (The Kids Are All Right) or Noomi Rapace (The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo) will sneak in there instead.
Though conventional wisdom says Williams should get the nod, I'm going to go out on a limb and predict Rapace. The book and film have both been well received (the Hollywood remake is already underway) and the Academy has, in recent years, enjoyed nominating foreign language films in this category. In the past ten years, Marion Cotillard, Penélope Cruz, Catalina Sandino Moreno, Keisha Castle-Hughes, and Salma Hayek have all been nominated for non-English-speaking roles.
When I said earlier that most categories have a few toss-up slots, I was not talking about Best Supporting Actor; there seems to be a general consensus about who will get nominated this year. Fresh off his Golden Globe win, Christian Bale (The Fighter) should be fighting for Oscar glory soon enough. The Social Network's Andrew Garfield gave a great performance as Zuckerberg's ex-best friend and Facebook's very first investor. With Facebook investing on everyone's minds and in the news of late, Garfield should score his first Oscar nomination. Geoffrey Rush gives a touching yet hilarious performance in The King's Speech—a film for which he is also an executive producer—and will earn his fourth career nomination. Rounding out the nominations should be Jeremy Renner (The Town) and Mark Ruffalo (The Kids Are All Right).
Obviously, no category is immune to surprise nominees, and there's always an outside chance that Johnny Depp (Alice in Wonderland), Justin Timberlake (The Social Network), or Sam Rockwell (Conviction) could grab Ruffalo or Renner's slot.
The King's Speech should score yet another acting nomination for Helena Bonham Carter as the woman who eventually became beloved to Britons as the Queen Mum. Both Amy Adams and Melissa Leo, Academy favorites of late, should score noms for The Fighter. If Hailee Steinfeld doesn't get nominated for Best Actress, expect to see her drop down to the supporting category for True Grit. Rounding out the category, Mila Kunis should make the final cut for what many consider to be the title role in Black Swan. Possible spoilers in this category are numerous, and include Dianne Wiest (Rabbit Hole) and Marion Cotillard (Inception).
Darren Aronofsky (Black Swan) and David Fincher (The Social Network) are both safe bets to make the directing shortlist. Tom Hooper (The King's Speech) should also score his first career nomination. Last week, Mark Ruffalo challenged the Academy to "grow a pair" and nominate Lisa Cholodenko for directing The Kids Are All Right, and they may do just that. Christopher Nolan looks like a decent bet for Inception and David O. Russell has gathered a fair bit of buzz for The Fighter. Cholodenko or Nolan's spot could go to Danny Boyle (127 Hours), Roman Polanski (The Ghost Writer), or even Joel and Ethan Coen (True Grit) though, so don't count on the Academy growing a pair.
I find this category much harder to predict now that it's been expanded to ten films instead of the usual five. My new theory is to just throw everything in here that is getting nominated in the other big categories and see what happens. With that in mind, safe bets include The Social Network, Black Swan, The King's Speech, The Fighter, and The Kids Are All Right. Probable nominees include Toy Story 3, True Grit, The Town, and Inception, and other possibilities include The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo, Winter's Bone, Rabbit Hole, Another Year, and 127 Hours.
Feel free to post your predictions (or your critiques of mine) in the comments.
The Academy announced today that nine foreign language films will advance to Phase II of voting. The Best Foreign Language Film nominating process is done in two phases: In Phase I, an LA-based committee screens all 66 films eligible for the award. This committee selects six films, and the Academy’s Foreign Language Film Award Executive Committee adds three more films. Specially invited committees in New York and LA will view the films on the shortlist this weekend and narrow it down to five eventual nominees, which will be announced along with nominees in other categories next Tuesday.
The nine films on the Academy's shortlist are:
Hors la Loi (Outside the Law) - Algeria
Incendies - Canada
In a Better World - Denmark
Dogtooth - Greece
Confessions - Japan
Biutiful - Mexico
Life, Above All - South Africa
También la Lluvia (Even the Rain) - Spain
Simple Simon - Sweden
The official poster for the 83rd Academy Awards is available for purchase for $20. For the first time, the Academy is also offering a "limited edition" set of 4 posters for $35. More information on the posters, their designs, and how to order yours is available on the Academy's website. Having ordered the official poster before, I can say they are really high-quality prints and make great decorations for your Oscar party.
Tags: 2011, Best Foreign Language Film, News
Well folks, it's that time of year again: Awards season! Sure, the critic's lists and minor awards have been going on for awhile now, but last night the Hollywood Foreign Press Association gave out the Golden Globes (for a full list of nominees and winners, click here), and that's when the Oscar blood really gets pumping.
2010 was a great year for movies, and don't let anyone tell you different. From smash hits like The Social Network and Toy Story 3 to smaller critical favorites like Black Swan and The King's Speech, there has been something for everyone in this year's awards buzz. With the announcement of the Globes last night and just over a week until the Oscar nominations will be revealed, prediction season is officially in full swing.
The Golden Globes didn't have much in the way of surprises (unless you count Ricky Gervais being a bit more mean-spirited than most awards shows emcees as a surprise), but it does give prognosticators another hint as to what may happen on Oscar Night. As many people expected, The Social Network took home Best Picture, Director, and Screenplay, with the acting awards getting split up between The Fighter, Black Swan, and The King's Speech. Most people expect, at this point, that the acting awards at the Oscars should be fairly similar (stay tuned for predictions on who will and who won't get a nomination).
In other news, there are 248 films eligible for Academy Awards this year (not counting the short film and foreign film categories), a list of which can be found here. This represents a drop in the number of eligible films over years past: last year there were 274 and in 2008 there were 281. The Academy sends this list out to all members to assist in the balloting process. Nomination ballots were due back to the Academy last Friday, and the nominations will be tabulated by the accounting firm of PriceWaterhouse Coopers and announced at 8:30 AM (Eastern...that's an ungodly 5:30 AM for most of the folks receiving these nominations) on January 25 by Academy president Tom Sherak and last year's Best Supporting Actress winner Mo'Nique.
Tags: 2011, golden globes, News, Predictions
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About Cirve
Home / About Cirve
The Action takes place on the Atlantic and Mediterranean Core Network Corridors in Spain and Portugal (though the twinned Action “Cirve_PT” twinned Action 2015-PT-0433-S).
Its objective is to increase the use of electric vehicles in these two countries and France under a fully interoperable cross-border framework that allows electric vehicle users to transit from the North of Europe to the Iberian Peninsula, ensuring a link between the southern and northern parts of the EU.
A pilot study will be carried out to deploy 58 multi-standard quick charging points located (40 in Spain, 18 in Portugal) along the Iberian EU Corridors (Mediterranean and Atlantic) with special attention to cross-border areas between Portugal, Spain and France.
Studies will identify the solutions to current legal technical and economic barriers as well as a business model in order to boast the deployment of alternative fuels in the Iberian Peninsula.
aedive.es
ceiia.com
edpenergia.es
endesa.com
recargagic.com
iberdrola.es
ibil.es
renault.es
Connecting the Iberian Peninsula with the other countries of the European Union is the mission of the CIRVE Project, whose acronym stands for “Iberian Corridors of Rapid Recharging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles”. Thus, the project plans to locate 25 new rapid recharge points in Spain and adapt another 15 points that are already in operation in certain strategic locations of the Iberian corridors.
The project is jointly managed by IBIL (project leader), EDP, ENDESA, GIC and IBERDROLA, together with the AEDIVE Association and two other international partners: RENAULT and the Center for Excellence and Innovation of Portugal, CEIIA. In addition, it has the support of the Spanish Ministries of Promotion and of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. The plan is co-funded through the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) 2015 call.
AEDIVE is the Business Association for the Development and Promotion of the Electric Vehicle, a Grouping of Innovative Companies that brings together the entire value chain of the electric vehicle whose purposes are the management, representation, defense and coordination of the common interests of its members, and is in charge of the CIRVE project of Activity 9, dedicated to the activities of Communication and Dissemination of the project.
Estimated total cost of the action: €3,523,232
Maximum EU contribution: €1,761,616
Percentage of EU support: 50%
See below the milestones of the CIRVE Proyect that will be take place along these three years.
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Plain Tales from the Hills - ebook/epub
A wonderful book written in beautiful language, with love for the native land and its history. Despite the fact that all sorts of wars, illnesses and deprivations often flash in the stories, in general the atmosphere is very pleasant, and the book gives a feeling of warmth and tranquility. English guys Dan and Una, brother and sister, meet Elf Pak. He tells them once brought to England, the god Wiland, who once forged a magic sword. Further stories are told already by the direct participants in the events: the knight, the centurion, and so on.
A wonderful book written in beautiful language, with love for the native land and its history. Despite the fact that all sorts of wars, illnesses and deprivations often flash in the stories, in general the atmosphere is very pleasant, and the book gives a feeling of warmth and tranquility. English guys Dan and Una, brother and sister, meet Elf Pak. He tells them once brought to England, the god Wiland...
The Tidal Wave and Other Stories - ebook/epub
If you enjoy the works of Ethel M. Dell then we highly recommend this publication for your book collection. Ethel Dell began to write stories while very young and many of them were published in popular magazines. Beneath her shy exterior, she had a passionate heart and most of her stories were stories of passion and love set in India and other British colonial possessions. „The Tidal Wave and Other Stories” collection includes the following...
The Lamp in the Desert - ebook/epub
Ethel May Dell was a British writer of popular romance novels who produced about thirty novels and several volumes of short stories. The public loved her stories and the books were hugely popular. The scene of this splendid story is laid in India and tells of the lamp of love that continues to shine through all sorts of tribulations to final happiness. When Stella comes to India unaccompanied to join her brother Tommy with his regiment...
Stories from Livy - ebook/epub
Alfred J. Church
„Stories From Livy” is a great collection of stories about important events and people in Roman history. Tales of early Roman history drawn from the greatest of Roman historians, and admirably retold by Alfred J. Church. Features stories of the founding of Rome, the expulsion of kings, and the early days of the republic. It covers the period from the founding of Rome through the Samnite Wars (about 750 to 300 B...
Mother Goose in Prose - ebook/epub
None of us, whether children or adults, needs an introduction to „Mother Goose”. Those things which are earliest impressed upon our minds cling to them most tenaciously. Published three years before L. Frank Baum achieved fame with „The Wonderful Wizard of Oz”, this engaging volume added an exciting new dimension to old, much-loved verses. The book contains 22 prose fables based on famous nursery rhymes: „Old King Cole”...
The Bright Pavilions - ebook/epub
Bright pavilions the fifth book of a series of six volumes of The Chronicles of Harris. As a historical background, the stormy Elizabethan England, including her enemy Queen of Scots. The story tells how one family shared fidelity and frustrated love. If you like to plunge into history, then this book is for you.
The Party and Other Stories - ebook/epub
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
A small collection of stories. The general theme of the stories is the diversity of emotions that the main characters experience, and by the end it turns out to be a bit painful. A variety of subjects, simple but wonderful, honed by irony. Most stories of unhappy marriages. The main characters can get married because of unhappy love or unexpected pregnancy.
Nobby - ebook/epub
Edgar Wallace’s humorous tales of British Army life, centered around the characters of „Smithy” and „Nobby”. The stories, collected in 1905, are supposed to tell us about the every-day life of the soldiers and are supposed to be, in turns, funny, moving, or even sometimes tragic. This substantial collection of the Smithy stories finds our incorrigible hero and his scurrilous band of confederates malingering...
Further Chronicles of Avonlea - ebook/epub
„Further Chronicles of Avonlea” is another wonderful collection of charming Avonlea short stories by Lucy Maud Montgomery, ranging from the humorous to melodramatic, and every bit as enticing and delightful as the first book, „Chronicles of Avonlea”. Published in 1920, it includes fifteen short and entertaining, funny, and romantic stories relating to the inhabitants of the fictional Canadian village of Avonlea and its region...
Elegant Edward - ebook/epub
This collection includes 7 mystery short stories, set in Victorian England. These stories depict adventures and misadventures of Elegant Edward, a charming London crook and his attempts to commit the perfect crime. The stories are pleasant and well written and definitely a product of their time and place. Edgar Wallace was a prolific author of crime, adventure and humorous stories, whose best known creations include „The Four Just Men”...
The Governor of Chi-Foo - ebook/epub
Edgar Wallace was an English novelist, journalist and playwright, who was an enormously popular writer of detective, suspense stories, and practically invented the modern „thriller”. His popularity at the time was comparable to that of Charles Dickens – one of Wallace’s publishers claimed that a quarter of all books read in England were written by him. „The Governor of Chi-Foo” is a rare short story collection...
A Maker of History - ebook/epub
In this romantic story tells about how in 1905 a young British tourist accidentally witnesses a strange meeting in Germany. Then, in Paris, he tells about it not in the company where it could be shared. His sister, who had to meet with him finds his brother’s baggage at the hotel, but he himself disappeared. The French police are pretending to be looking for him persistently, but then the sister himself disappears...
Soldiers Three - ebook/epub
Soldiers Three is a series of fascinating stories by the great English writer and poet Joseph Rudyard Kipling. A collection of short stories written in 1888 provides a glimpse into the life of tommies, as the English soldiers called it, in Afghanistan. They fool around, complain and talk about their daily lives - against the backdrop of the war and sunset of colonial England.
Tam O’ the Scouts - ebook/epub
The book consists of 10 short stories about Tam a brilliant Scottish pilot, a thriller novel fan, socialist and cigar addict. The stories of Tam the pilot are not mysteries. Tam’s dialogue is written phonetically and he is great fun and saves the rather silly pre-Biggles stories from being too ridiculous to be enjoyable. The characters are broad, the situations light, but the stories are exciting and fun...
Those Other Days - ebook/epub
A collection of nineteen stories, by Edward Phillips Oppenheim, mostly from the 1890’s and early 1900’s, published in magazines, and collected in 1913. Ghost stories, bizarre adventures, strange appearances and disappearances, and improbable love are the themes of these very enjoyable stories by the master storyteller. Young men courting women, psychic phenomena, and humorous characters abound...
The tree and the bird - ebook/pdf
Weronika Madryas
'Tree and Bird' is a story about friendship and love. For a tiny bird called the Feather makes a nest in the crown of the eponymous tree, unusual and lonely, and gives it a deep, mutual feeling. Soon comes a troubled time. Read and find out what adversities the heroes of the story will face ...
Discover the mystery of love stronger than death.
The book is available in three language versions...
The Obstacle Race - ebook/epub
This is another wonderful Christian love story by British writer of popular romance novels Ethel M. Dell. She was a popular 20th century writer who wrote dozens of romance novels and several short stories, including the well known „The Keeper of the Door” series. Our story takes place mainly in a little fishing village in England. This small seaside village hides a romance for Juliet Moore – a romance with Dick Green...
Collected Short Stories Vol. 2: Collected Short Stories. Volume 2 - ebook/epub
In this second volume of all the collected works that feature Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr. John Watson, the reader gets reacquainted with the great detective and his friend through 33 short stories and 2 novels with the added bonus of two Doyle written parodies as well as two essays by the author. Volume 2 begins with „The Hound of the Baskervilles”, a haunting novel of murder on eerie Grimpen Moor...
The Orator - ebook/epub
This decent collection presents short stories that include „The Mind-Readers”, „The Sirius Man”, „The Couper Buckle”, and many more stories featuring Chief Inspector Oliver Rater, written by a famous British author Edgar Wallace.? ne of the stories are told in the third person, but one is told by Rater himself, which is unexpected. The stories are fast-paced with some surprising twists...
Quo Vadis. A Narrative of the Time of Nero - ebook/epub
Quo Vadis: A Narrative of the Time of Nero, commonly known as Quo Vadis, is a historical novel written by Henryk Sienkiewicz in Polish. Roman emperor Nero, the singer of beautiful songs. He killed his mother, wife, brother, his entire family and many former friends. The mighty Caesar enjoys only boundless praise. The novel focuses on the love story of a Roman centurion and a beautiful Christian princess in exile...
Chronicles of Avonlea - ebook/epub
On Prince Edward Island, where Anne Shirley grew up in the sea-sprayed town of Avonlea, there was no shortage of wonderful stories. In „Chronicles of Avonlea”, a delightful collection of twelve short stories about the inhabitants of Avonlea and other nearby villages, we meet lovely new characters and relive many stories that inspired various episodes on Road to Avonlea. Focusing on universal themes about mankind...
The Extraordinary Adventures of Arsène Lupin, Gentleman Burglar - ebook/epub
A contemporary of Arthur Conan Doyle, Maurice Leblanc was the creator of the character of gentleman thief Arsene Lupin who, in France, has enjoyed a popularity as long-lasting and considerable as Sherlock Holmes in the English-speaking world. This is the delightful first of twenty volumes in the Arsene Lupin series written by Leblanc himself. The collection includes nine stories dealing with various complicated plots in which Lupin proves himself...
A Modern Cinderella - ebook/epub
Louisa May Alcott created some fascinating short stories here. „A Modern Cinderella: or The Little Old Shoe And Other Stories” contains four short stories by Louisa May Alcott, the author of „Little Women”: „A Modern Cinderella”, „Debby’s Debut”, „The Brothers”, and „Nelly’s Hospital”. Like her more famous novels, Alcott tells stories of young women interacting with people and events from the late 1800s...
Love and Other Stories - ebook/epub
This is a collection of many outstanding stories of Chekhov. There is a pleasant and patient satire in all Chekov’s stories, most of which are tragic, some are political, and all of them are revealed in many complex topics. The stories in this anthology bring back memories of a different time and place when life was completely different. These stories will hook everyone.
The Iron Heel - ebook/epub
The Iron Heel is a distopian utopian socialist novel, told in first person by someone that have read the manuscript finded in a oak, hidden 600 years ago that tolds the life and adventures of a socialist activist Avis Everhard and her husband Ernst Everhard executed in 1932. The Iron Heel is a story with stories within stories...it’s about a past, a present, and a future...all told from the perspective of a man (Jack London) in 1906...
P.-C. Lee - ebook/epub
This unique thriller collection contains the 24 short vintage crime stories – a complete series featuring Police Constable Lee of the London „D” Division, written by the great Edgar Wallace. P.-C. Lee is a typical Wallace character, full of wit and charm. A number of these were reprinted in Ideas in 1928-1929 and in other magazines. Nine of the P.-C. Lee stories were later included in the 1961 collection „The Undisclosed Client and Other...
Doctor Dolittles Garden - ebook/epub
The first part of the book tells about the club for crossing dogs and several of them tell stories after their lives about their lives. Then, leaving the dogs behind, Dr. Dolittle becomes obsessed with learning the language of insects, so he invents a machine for this and, eventually, manages to learn several stories about insects. Dr. Doolittle hears rumors of giant moths, so he asks his animal friends and insects to learn more about them...
The Sea Fairies - ebook/epub
Enchanting fantasy novel from creator of beloved „Oz” stories L. Frank Baum whisks young readers away on an exciting underwater adventure! „The Sea Fairies” (1911) was designed as the first volume in a new series for children, to replace the „Oz books”. It was followed by „Sky Island” in 1912. Trot, the hero of the tales is a girl, like Dorothy in the „Oz” stories. An old captain...
Fanny Hill - ebook/epub
Fanny Hill, also known as Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, is an erotic novel by English novelist John Cleland. It is one of the most prosecuted and banned books in history of literature.
The book is written as a series of letters from Frances „Fanny” Hill to an unknown woman, with Fanny justifying her life-choices to this individual. This fictional account of a young woman’s unconventional route to middle-class respectability is...
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Opening of the 10th Night Hockey League season
On November 22, the grand opening of the 10th Night Hockey League season took place in Moscow, with a celebration named "The Night Hockey League Marathon" being staged.
The league season had already begun in September.
As a part of the event, exhibition matches are being played across the country from Kamchatka to Moscow, with famous athletes, public figures and honoured doctors participating as guests. A friendly game between the Night Hockey League All-Star Team and the Doctor's Team will be played in support of the "Thank You Doctors" project.
All matches can be viewed on the Night Hockey League's official website and YouTube channel.
One day ago, the Legends Match was played, with honoured players and friends of the Night Hockey League taking to the ice.
The Night Hockey League is the most ambitious project in amateur ice hockey, with around 20,000 hockey players from more than 1,000 teams take part in the project annually. The League's geography covers almost the entire country. From September to March, teams compete for the title of the winner of the Regional Championship and the right to play in the final of the tournament at the festival in Sochi, which takes place for two weeks on the ice arenas of the Olympic Park. The winner of the tournament in the main division receives the Krutov Cup and a grant for the construction of an indoor ice rink in its respective region.
The Russian Ice Hockey Federation congratulates the Night Hockey League with the opening of its new season, wishing the management, participants and organisers health and further success!
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United States > Ohio > Ohio travel guide
Places in Ohio
Ohio Travel Guide
Ohio has often been described as the cradle of Americana, and rightly so. Of all of the 50 states, Ohio is perhaps the best microcosm of the United States. It is the birthplace of eight U.S. presidents, and has given the country other notables like the fathers of aviation, Orville and Wilbur Wright, light bulb and phonograph inventor Thomas Edison, astronauts Neil Armstrong (the first man to walk on the moon) and John Glenn (the first American in Space), Bob Hope (America’s most famous entertainer), and Nobel and Pulitzer Prize winning Toni Morrison who is one of the most influential African Americans of her time. More impressive is the fact that no U.S. president since Ulysses Grant in 1856 has been elected president without also winning the electoral votes of Ohio. This is no coincidence. As a state, Ohio features a slice of everything American. Its mixture of blue-collar and white-collar districts, conservative and liberal populations, urban and rural areas, and cultural attributes that resemble parts of the northeast, the south, and the Midwest make it not just a “swing state” on election day, but the perfect embodiment of America. Unequivocally, Ohio is America’s heartland – the funnel through which the rest of the country was settled and populated.
But this is not the only thing that makes Ohio so alluring to visit as a tourist. The state has a country appeal to it. It is home to the largest Amish community in the world who work the fertile farmlands at the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. The northeastern part of Ohio, meanwhile, features thriving glass and pottery communities, attracting antique hunters and bargainers.
And, of course, sports and outdoor lovers will enjoy the thousands of hiking and biking trails, the hundreds of golf courses, and the numerous campgrounds and hunting retreats of Ohio. Most of these offerings are found at the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, the fifth most visited park in the country. In addition to being a natural beauty of winding river valleys, majestic waterfalls, rugged limestone cliffs, and forested hills, most of which can be observed aboard a scenic railroad tour ride, Cuyahoga Valley National Park is also a leisure center. It hosts outdoor concerts and festivals as well as permanent and temporary art exhibits.
Ohio’s Lake Erie Islands are another huge draw for visitors. These islands are located north of Ohio’s Lake Erie coast between Toledo and Cleveland. The major islands include Bass, Pelee, and Kelleys, among 25 other, and can be accessed by ferry or by private boats. From wineries, to beaches, marinas, restaurants, and bars, these islands are extremely popular among Canadians and Ohio residents, and have even been dubbed the “Key West of the North”.
Also of interest are the North Coast beaches of Ohio along the shores of Lake Erie. Many of these beaches have been designated state parks and are equipped with resort-like facilities. You’ll also find a number of the state’s golf courses in this area. Among the more popular beaches include Headlands Beach in Mentor, Edgewater Park near Cleveland, and Lake Erie Beach in Toledo.
Ohio was first inhabited 10,000 years ago by prehistoric people evidenced by the thousands of mounds they built. These mounds and prehistoric remains can be visited at Ohio’s various prehistoric sites, which include among others Hopewell Culture National Historic Park in Chillicothe, the Adena Conical Burial Mound in Columbus, Moundbuilders Earthworks in Newark, the Great Serpent Mound Memorial in Peebles, the SunWatch Indian Village in Dayton, the Flint Ridge State Memorial near Newark, and the Leo Petroglyph State Memorial near Leo.
The French explorer La Salle was the first European to explore the region in 1670. The French controlled the area until the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Most of the early settlements were founded by New Englanders who set up posts along the Ohio River. After the Louisiana Purchase, Ohio was made a state. After the Civil War, Ohio entered its heyday. Its strategic location between Lake Erie and the Ohio River made it important transportation. Many towns, cities, and manufacturing companies, especially iron and steel manufacturers, were set up in Ohio during the industrialization of the U.S. to take advantage of the easy transport of goods along these two waterways. Even with the advent of interstate highways, airports and the decline of America’s industrial sectors, Ohio today remains an important producer of agricultural and manufacturing goods. And while it no longer yields the considerable influence it once did over the country, Ohio’s fortunes have not deteriorated in any significant way.
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Home→Uncategorized→serpentinite parent rock
serpentinite parent rock
[15], Rock Springs Nature Preserve in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, is a 176-acre (71 ha) property conserved by the Lancaster County Conservancy that is a prime example of a serpentine barren. Serpentine and magnesite may occur together if there were enough carbon dioxide available during the metamorphism to form magnesium carbonate magnesite. [ sər-pĕn ′tə-nīt′ ] A metamorphic rock consisting almost entirely of minerals in the serpentine group. Areas of serpentine soil are also home to diverse plants, many of which are rare or endangered species such as Acanthomintha duttonii, Pentachaeta bellidiflora, and Phlox hirsuta. Rock types. Serpentinite 释义: a rock containing large quantities of serpentine | 意思、发音、翻译及示例 . Serpentinite is a unique and beautiful rock that’s rare in most of the world. MARBLE-nonfoliated-contact setting-mediem-coarse grain size-fizzes in HCl-fused calcite grains-parent rocks: limestone, dolostone . Serpentinite is formed from olivine via several reactions between the magnesium-endmember forsterite and the iron- endmember fayalite. Serpentinite rocks are considered to be a suitable raw material for Carbon Capture and Mineralization (CCM), which has been recognized as a potential method for the management of the industrial CO 2-emissions.Different serpentine minerals, that form serpentinite rocks, feature divergent characteristics that influence the eventual suitability of a serpentinite rock for CCM. A rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals, e.g., antigorite, chrysotile and lizardite, formed by serpentinization (hydration and metamorphic transformation) of rock consisting almost wholly of ferromagnesian silicate minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene (usually ultramafic igneous rocks). If serpentinite or ultramafic rock is located on your property or was used to construct your driveway or walkways, there is a risk of asbestos exposure where you live. Parent Rocks and Protoliths. The most common serpentine mineral in Franciscan rocks is antigorite. There are outcroppings of serpentine soils in the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, Alps, Cuba, and New Caledonia. [4] Vegetative characteristics are often shared among the types of flora found on serpentine soils. Width of sample 24 cm. Serpentinite is a unique and beautiful rock that’s rare in most of the world. The parent serpentinite contrasts with the soil clays in having lower SiO 2 (43.3, 38.1, 40.0, and 39.8%) and Fe 2 O 3 (6.6, 3.6, 8.9, and 3.1%, after magnetite removal from the parent rock samples), higher MgO (33.7, 41.0, 42.2, and 40.3%), and lower Al 2 O 3 (0.4, 2.4, 1.5 and 0.7%). These abilities keep rare plants alive such as the Raven’s Manzanita and have the potential to help heal the planet from climate change. The soil is often reddish, brown, or gray in color due to its high iron and low organic content. The mineralogical and geochemical properties of serpentinite rocks in Malaysia were studied. IOWAITE IN SERPENTINITE MUDS AT SITES 778, 779, 780, AND 784: A POSSIBLE CAUSE FOR ... sized fraction of unaltered parent rock and coarser serpentinite. Ecologically, serpentine soils have three main traits: poor plant productivity, high rates of endemism, and vegetation types which are distinct from neighboring areas. This can be done by adding ample amounts of gypsum to the soil. serpentinite Altered rock formed from an ultrabasic precursor by low temperature and water interaction. In the Franciscan Complex, it formed when ocean water carried down with subducting ocean crust was heated and moved through upper mantle and basal ocean crust rocks, hydrating their magnesium- and iron-rich minerals, like olive and pyroxene, to form magnesium-rich serpentine minerals. Caution should be taken when working in serpentine soils or when working with crushed serpentine rocks. Some of our elected representatives don’t know that there are non-asbestiform minerals in the serpentine group, and that they form the bulk of the serpentinite exposed in the state. Concentrations of the mineral as high as 10 % have been determined in the matrix rock material in the northern sector of the deposit. "Evaluation of the Nottingham Park Serpentine Barrens", UMCES-AL, Retrieved May 10, 2009. Serpentine-rich skarn sample with hedenbergite (iron-rich Ca-clinopyroxene). Since these plants developed specialized adaptations to high concentrations of heavy metals, they have been used to remove heavy metals from polluted soil.[12]. Hornfels is not a rock that is "deposited". The rock often contains white streaks of chrysotile running through it, which are a type of naturally occurring asbestos. Serpentine group minerals antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile are produced by the hydrous alteration of ultramafic rocks. The original rock that was metamorphosed is usually referred to as the “parent rock” or “protolith”. They consist mainly of hydroxyl-bearing magnesium silicates formed from original olivine and pyroxenes. The principal rock mass type is massive serpentine with veins of gabbros. The parent rock of quartzite is: quartz sandstone. (found in our local green quartzite, http://plantsandrocks.blogspot.com/2012/03/there-is-one-bed-of-bright-emerald.html). Isotopic evidence suggests that serpentinization occurs as a result of rock interaction with various waters, including sea-water, meteoric water and hydrothermal water, according to the environment in which alteration takes place. It is usually formed by alteration of ultramafic rocks, such as dunites and peridotites by a process called “serpentinization”. Serpentinite is composed of serpentine. Parent rock. (Parent rock, setting, and grade) 15. A variety of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks can be the protolith of hornfels. Argillite. Molten rock caused gases which were forced into the cracks of the serpentinite rock. And now a third … might you do a post on fuchsite one of these days? Description Serpentinite is composed dominantly of the serpentine minerals antigorite, litardite and chrysotile. 词典 语法 博客 School Scrabble 词库 翻译器 Quiz 数字资源 More from Collins. It is green to dark green coloured. Serpentine was one of the rocks thrust up from underneath the earths crust, when the Rheic Ocean crust became what is now Cornwall. Serpentinite is probably very widespread rock deep below, but not nearly as common in the upper parts of the crust. 2003). Yet even with this extreme degree of metamorphism, the minerals are arranged in layers and the rock is clearly classified as metamorphic. A variety of sedimentary, igneous, and In context|geology|lang=en terms the difference between serpentine and serpentinite is that serpentine is (geology) an outcrop or region with soil and rock dominated by these minerals while serpentinite is (geology) a metamorphic rock composed of serpentine minerals formed by the hydration of ultramafic rocks. Asbestos is linked to an array of human health conditions such as mesothelioma from long time exposure of breathing in the dust particles. Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area, 10.3120/0024-9637(2005)52[222:SEITCF]2.0.CO;2, "Plant communities in harsh sites are less invaded: A summary of observations and proposed explanations", "Borrowed alleles and convergence in serpentine adaptation", "Origins and Consequences of Serpentine Endemism in the California Flora". As an insight into the redox conditions associated with serpentinite environ-ments, we report here petrological evidence for the development of a reduced halo in marble in contact with a serpentinite body that experienced blueschist- to eclogite-facies metamorphic conditions as part of an Alpine ophiolite complex in Corsica. The alteration is particularly important at the sea floor at tectonic plate boundaries. Rock outcrops are unique among all other communities found in Poly Canyon. (Parent rock, setting, and grade) What are there similarities? antigorite, lizardite), magnetite. The barrens occur on outcrops of altered ultramafic ophiolites. [5] However, California has the majority of the continent's serpentine soils. Serpentinite is a metamorphosed ultramafic rock. Serpentinite is a metamorphosed ultramafic rock. Serpentinite is a dense, dark green rock that can contain asbestos. Bay Nature.2013.Web. In California, 45% of the taxa associated with serpentine are rare or endangered. Serpentinite. xxxWeb. [16], In Chester County, Pennsylvania, the Nottingham Park, aka Serpentine Barrens, was recommended by UMCES as deserving of National Natural Landmark designation, on numerous grounds. [7][4][1][10] Serpentine tolerant plants are evolutionary younger than non-serpentine plants. so California has it backwards, they claim their State Rock is serpentine In any case, I will be looking for serpentinite and its interesting ecology in a few months, hopefully finding enough material for a post. Serpentinite rocks are almost exclusively made of serpentine minerals. [8] In California, shrubs such as leather oak (Quercus durata) and coast whiteleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos viscida ssp. Accessory chlorite, talc, and magnetite may be present. Serpentinite forms at the expense of olivine- and pyroxene-bearing rocks. state of the parent serpentinite. They are named for minerals of the serpentine group, resulting in serpentine soils, with unusually high concentrations of iron, chromium, nickel and cobalt. Serpentinite is a metamorphic rock that is mostly composed of serpentine group minerals. Ellis, M.”Should We be Worried about Asbestos in Serpentine Rock?”. Serpentinite A rock consisting almost wholly of serpentine-group minerals derived from the hydration of ferromagnesian silicate minerals such as olivine and pyroxene. Phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. Essential minerals: serpentine subgroup (e.g. [4], In order to overcome the chemical and physical challenges presented by serpentine soils, plants have developed tolerances to drought, heavy metals, and limited nutrients. So, we continue to see dangers in harmless amounts of chrysotile asbestos in floor tiles while we neglect or happily tolerate far more important health risks like fast food and lack of physical exercise (which kills millions every year). It is usually formed by alteration of ultramafic rocks, such as dunites and peridotites by a process called “serpentinization”. Serpentinite is a meta-igneous rock formed by the metamorphic reaction of olivine-rich rock, peridotite, with water.Serpentinite has a mottled, greenish-gray or bluish-gray color and is often waxy to the touch. By adding gypsum the soil pH (potential hydrogen) can be potentially leveled, creating an environment where more plant nutrients are in their available state. Yes, poor Californians didn’t get it right here . Serpentine barrens are a unique ecoregion found in parts of the United States in small but widely distributed areas of the Appalachian Mountains and the Coast Ranges of California, Oregon, and Washington. Although the patchy distribution is attributed to the high rates of speciation in serpentine communities, there are a number of challenges associated with this. Serpentinite is probably my favorite rock, and I’m fortunate not to live too far from an area where you can collect it in roadcuts. Essential minerals: serpentine subgroup (e.g. Serpentinite is a meta-igneous rock formed by the metamorphic reaction of olivine-rich rock, peridotite, with water. How to Recognize Serpentine Landscapes Serpentine is California’s state rock. In many cases, the darker part of the rock (consisting of biotite mica and hornblende) has been intruded by veins of lighter rock consisting of quartz and feldspar. Serpentine soil habitats are often home to many native species … I’m planning another field trip to the green quartzite quarry this summer, after the high-country is snow-free. [2] In North America, serpentine soils also are present in small but widely distributed areas on the eastern slope of the Appalachian mountains in the eastern United States. Minerals in this group are formed by serpentinization, a hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle. Yes, we Californians (well, most of us anyway) don’t know the difference between serpentine and serpentinite. Instead it is a rock type that forms when an existing rock is metamorphosed. [9] An adaptive mechanism to high magnesium soils allocates more resources to deep-growing roots. 14. 1.1 Definition A hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle is called as serpentinization, a group of minerals is formed by serpentinization compose rock 'serpentinite'. This is the rock name to remember when you find a hard, nondescript rock that looks like it … Serpentine is a mineral or more precisely mineral group. The sample is from the Sayan Mountains in Siberia. [7], Adaptation to serpentine soils has evolved multiple times. Determining these rock strengths is time-consuming and expensive, particularly for the preliminary studies of projects. [1] The shallow soils and sparse vegetation lead to elevated soil temperatures[2] and dry conditions. At the Malaspina outcrop, the serpentinite–marble contact is marked by a centimetre-thick, weathering-resistant rim of calc-silicate rock, which is remarkable for its continuity throughout the outcrop (i.e. can serpentineites be formed from serpentine rich melt directly or just with the hydration of precursor rock ? Serpentine group minerals antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile are produced by the hydrous alteration of ultramafic rocks. As nouns the difference between serpentine and serpentinite Serpentine rock outcrops characterize all elevations of this landscape, from grasslands and savannahs at low elevations, to the glaciated serpentine rock summits of the eastern Trinity Alps and Eddys, and in the dramatic river canyons of the Rogue, Smith, upper Trinity, and South Fork Sacramento Rivers. United States Department of Agriculture.Web. And now even serpentine too. A rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals, e.g., antigorite, chrysotile and lizardite, formed by serpentinization (hydration and metamorphic transformation) of rock consisting almost wholly of ferromagnesian silicate minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene (usually ultramafic igneous rocks). This barren contains the rare serpentine aster, as well as a number of rare species of moths and skippers. 英语. This however poses a possible implication to grazing cattle. It is green to dark green coloured. Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing rocks ("parent rocks") due to changes in either temperature, pressure, or volatiles within the earth, often by a combination of all three. I can forgive them for “serpentine”, even though the beads have magnetite inclusions, but “new jade”? both marble and quartzite. In some cases, symbioses with serpentine tolerant ectomycorrhizal help facilitate plants’ adaptation to edaphic stressors on serpentine. antigorite, lizardite), magnetite. Parent Rocks and Protoliths: Hornfels is not a rock that is “deposited”. Serpentinite forms at the expense of olivine- and pyroxene-bearing rocks. Question: Peridotite, the parent rock of serpentinite, is what type of rock? The large crystals of metamorphic minerals that form in metamorphic rocks are called: porphyroblasts. The area has over 38 rare, threatened and endangered plant species; as well as rare insects, rocks and minerals. Serpentinites can be distinguished by their dominant serpentine mineral in the rock. Magnetite forms if there is enough iron present (pyroxenite). Serpentinite is a rock. USDA.”Serpentine Soils and Plant Adaptations”. Serpentinites has been important sources of asbestos, but nowadays the use of asbestos has diminished considerably because of health concerns. Includes thoughts on the formation of the regions volcanoes (Mount Warning, Ebor and others), groundwater, the Clarence Moreton Basin, recent sedimentation, gas (including coal seam gas), mineralization in the eastern part of the southern New England Orogen and more. Width of sample 13 cm. I also make beaded jewelry, and my favorite bead supplier sells serpentinite beads both under the names “serpentine” and “new jade” — but they explain “new jade” is a trade name for “serpentine”. pulchella) are typical of serpentine soils. This rock is created with slightly more water than serpentinite, making soapstone softer. -parent rock: quartz sandstone. Serpentinite forms at the expense of olivine- and pyroxene-bearing rocks. Which of the following is a granular (non-foliated) metamorphic rock? This mineral gives the serpentinite its characteristic light to dark green color. Serpentinite (green) with white magnesite from Norway. Serpentinite where the dominant serpentine mineral is fibrous chrysotile. [9] Low soil moisture causes reduced nutrient uptake and transport, decreased stomatal opening and reduced photosynthetic capacity, and also reduces plant growth and productivity. Instead it is a rock type that forms when an existing rock is metamorphosed. Essential minerals: serpentine subgroup (e.g. The generally accepted theory is that serpentinite is created through a high pressure and a low temperature metamorphism of mantle rock or oceanic crustal rock. But we can’t change that. A common rock composed of serpentine minerals, serpentinite is usually formed through the hydration of ultramafic rocks, dunites, and peridotites in a process known as serpentinization. Here it becomes evident that such names have their disadvantages. In the current sample can be seen also the parent rock (peridotite - which is a ultramafic igneous rock/meta-igneous rocks). [7] Other possible phenotypic traits include pigmented stems (as seen in the Streptanthus howellii) and occasionally a carnivorous nature as seen in the Darlingtonia californica. SERPENTINITE-nonfoliated-contact setting-cannot scratch glass plate-green color-parent rock: peridotite. expresses succulence. The serpentinite rock was slicker and lighter than the surrounding rock, and it was pushed to the surface. Serpentinite is a type of ultramafic rock, consisting predominantly of magnesium silicate and iron oxide minerals. Serpentine soils are widely distributed on Earth, in part mirroring the distribution of ophiolites. Differences? 登录 词典. Further study is needed to see if this will potentially have a negative effect on human health as it pertains to beef consumption. Essential minerals: serpentine subgroup (e.g. The silt fractions of such samples … Because the serpentinite muds strongly tended to flocculate, sedimentation methods to separate a finer fraction often failed. [7] For example, Noccaea fendleri (aka Fendler's penny grass) is a hyper-accumulator of nickel and Sedum laxum ssp. 英语 英语 - 中文 英语 - 法语 英语 - 德语 英语 - 印地语 英语 - 意大利语 英语 - 葡萄牙语 英语 - 西班牙语. In the current sample can be seen also the parent rock (lherzolite - which is a ultramafic igneous rock/meta-igneous rocks). Serpentine soils exhibit distinct chemical and physical properties and are generally regarded as poor soils. Thanks for the info — ha ha! ), California Redbud (Cercis occidentalis), California Buckeye (Aesculus californica), and California laurel (Bay tree) (Umbellularia californica). An article from the “Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology” discerned that 20% of the grazing animals had toxic levels of nickel in their kidneys, and 32% had toxic levels of copper in their liver (Miranda et al. Également appelée ophite ou ophiolite, la pierre serpentine est souvent difficile à identifier, car elle se décline dans de multiples couleurs et de nombreuses variétés : on la rencontre le plus souvent de teinte olive, mais elle existe aussi dans des nuances rouge, vert clair, vert forêt, jaune, noir ou blanc. Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals. It is unique in its ability to sustain extremely rare vegetation and sequester carbon. Serpentine minerals are made of tiny sheets of silica tetrahedrons that are loosely held together. [14] Since 1979, the Nature Conservancy has worked with the local community to protect and preserve several tracts in the State-Line Serpentine Barrens which are home to this fragile habitat.[17]. The parent rock of serpentinite is: peridotite. both marble and quartzite. University of California.”Trees and Shrubs for Northern California Serpentine xxxLandscapes”.Division of Agriculture and Natural resources.2009.Web. The dominant plants flourish under the extreme edaphic and climatic pressures that occur on bare serpentinite … Yep, these so-called trade names are disturbing and may cause lots of trouble. The answer is yes, we actually should worry about exposure to the soil created from serpentine rock, especially airborne dust. Here in California, however, we have North America’s largest exposures and we’ve made it our official state rock. There was a dust-up last year when some dimbulb legislator decided we should change the state rock, because *gasp*! … on the California coast, serpentine is habitat to an interesting suite of endemic plants. Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area in Baltimore County, Maryland, covers 1,900 acres of serpentine barren. And how does serpentinite relate to serpentine? A view of the geology of the Northern Rivers of New England, New South Wales. Serpentinite is a rare rock type that is most often developed in subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is subducted under another. A hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle is called as serpentinization, a group of minerals is formed by serpentinization compose rock 'serpentinite'. Jade, for example, is an especially nasty term because it may mean several different things (amphiboles, pyroxenes). Serpentine is Asbestos, which is Evil! Serpentinite most often forms in oceanic crust near the surface of the earth, particularly where water circulates in cooling rock near mid-ocean ridges: masses of the resulting ultramafic rock are found in ophiolites incorporated in continental crust near present and past tectonic plate boundaries. With its curling light and dark veins, migmatite can be very picturesque. In addition, there is high gene flow with the non-serpentine communities that can cause genotypic pollution, hybridization and nonviable offspring. Such rocks are compact, variously coloured, and may have considerable ornamental value. As the gases cooled they formed minerals and gemstones in these rock veins — which are called lodes. 翻译器. km) of serpentinite outcrops, and it is present in 42 of the 58 counties. Serpentinite is composed dominantly of the serpentine minerals antigorite, litardite and chrysotile. Serpentinite forms at the expense of olivine- and pyroxene-bearing rocks. Some of the metamorphic rocks produced here are composed almost entirely of serpentine minerals. The term "serpentine" is commonly used by the general public to refer to the rock type that geologists call "serpentinite." Here it occurs mostly where ultramafic rocks occur (ophiolite complexes). Chrysotile, antigorite, and lizardite are three of the primary serpentine minerals. Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals. Serpentinite is a metamorphic rock formed when water and rock are exposed to low temperatures (about 400 to 600 ºC) and metamorphic processes (high pressures) within the earth’s crust. Serpentinite being the hydrated product of an ultramafic parent rock and not a metamorphic product of limestone as implied by the term ‘marble’. The chart below summarizes the parent rock, setting, and grade of common metamorphic rocks. The term "serpentine" is commonly used to refer to both the soil type and the mineral group which forms its parent materials. Serpentinite rock units have been considered as repositories for the disposal of waste carbon dioxide produced when fossil fuels are burned. **How is serpentinite formed? I am not sure about the first one. The original rock that was metamorphosed is usually referred to as the "parent rock" or "protolith". [4], The unique plants that survive in serpentine soils have been used in the process of phytoremediation, a type of bioremediation. This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 23:28. Thus, only the "matrix" fraction of the serpentinite muds was analyzed. The mineral occurrence is associated with the tectonic zone conserved within massive serpentine wedge. Read more about Serpentinite. [13] Species-rich archipelagos of communities comprise 1.5% of the state's land area. Metamorphic rock names based on parent rock, geologic setting, and metamorphic grade. Volatiles are those chemical substances, including water and carbon dioxide, that easily turn into gas or fluid and are mobile enough to move in and out of solid rock inside the earth. The danger associated with asbestos comes mostly form amphibole asbestos minerals, but it is hopeless to assume that the fearmongering media would take the trouble and educate themselves and their readers about the different types of asbestos minerals. Tapuli, Sweden. In the current sample can be seen also the parent rock (peridotite - which is a ultramafic igneous rock/meta-igneous rocks). Serpentinite is truly a gem in more ways than one. Be sure you understand all of the rock’s origins. Serpentine soils can be amended to support crops and pasture land for cattle grazing. I have several nice photos of fuchsite and have several still unphotographed samples in my own rock collection as well. These are igneous rocks that are composed of … It was originally a grassland, but fire suppression led to the conversion of the area to forest. Serpentinite is a metamorphosed ultramafic rock. Both amphibolite and greenschist are derived from the metamorphism of the same rock type. ), Live-Oak (Quercus sp. Serpentine in skarn may form if the carbonate host rock is dolomite that provides lots of magnesium to form magnesium-rich silicates like serpentine minerals. NATO Advanced Study Institute on Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils, Morel, J.-L., Echevarria, G., & Goncharova, N. (2006). More precisely, serpentine soil contains minerals of the serpentine subgroup, especially antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile or white asbestos, all of which are commonly found in ultramafic rocks. "Rock Springs Nature Preserve", Lancaster County Conservancy Website, Retrieved May 10, 2009. Density decreases of serpentinized rock formations occur as a consequence of serpentinization pro-cesses as fractures and pore spaces increase the rock volume and/or cause mass transfer of the parent rock as it transforms into serpentinite (e.g., Andreani et al., 2007; Klein et al., 2015; Toft et al., 1990), and become Serpentinite definition: a rock containing large quantities of serpentine | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples It is good to remember that serpentinite is composed of serpentine but most people won’t make a difference and in the end it will be a mess. Histoire de la pierre serpentine. Clast lithology is principally harzburgite, dunite, or pyroxenite derived from the original mantle sequence host rock and pervasively serpentinized, but in many localities also includes blocks of wehrlite, gabbro, and dolerite from the transform intrusive suite. 词库. Serpentinite from the Troodos ophiolite in Cyprus. A mineral structurally and compositionally related to the pyroaurite group of hydroxy-carbonates, has been identified as a product of deep weathering in the Woodsreef serpentinite at Barraba, New South Wales. [7] In nitrogen-poor sites, physiological effects on plants include impaired protein synthesis, chlorosis, reduced leaf turgor, reduced leaf and tiller number, reduced growth rate, and low seed yield. [11] Habitat heterogeneity is an important contributor to the level of endemism and biodiversity in this system. They included supporting a number of rare and endemic species, an intact population of pitch pine, and also the site having historic significance. The alteration is particularly important at the sea floor at tectonic plate boundaries. The parent rock of serpentinite is: peridotite. Gaaah! Serpentine soils contain high concentrations of heavy metals, including chromium, iron, cobalt, and nickel. Another way is to take a small sample of the material and send it to some mineralogy lab for X-ray testing. I don’t think that proposal went anywhere. Injecting carbon dioxide into subsurface rock units in the presence of water can produce magnesium carbonate and quartz in an exothermic reaction similar to the one shown below. The result is the formation of hydrated magnesium-rich minerals, such as antigorite, chrysotile, or lizardite, commonly with magnetite or, less frequently, brucite. Rock engineers have commonly used the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) of rock for designing surface and underground structures. [4] Low calcium:magnesium ratios cause limited root growth and root activity, weak cell membranes, and reduced uptake of essential nutrients. Minerals in this group are formed by serpentinization, a hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle. Here in California, however, we have North America’s largest exposures and we’ve made it our official state rock. Serpentinite rocks are considered to be a suitable raw material for Carbon Capture and Mineralization (CCM), which has been recognized as a potential method for the management of the industrial CO 2-emissions.Different serpentine minerals, that form serpentinite rocks, feature divergent characteristics that influence the eventual suitability of a serpentinite rock for CCM. These concerns may actually be greatly exaggerated because there is not much good evidence that chrysotile (serpentine asbestos which makes up more than 90% of all asbestos mined) poses any significant risks to our lungs. The three main types of rock are igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Serpentinites form as a result of serpentinization. I read your post about fuchsite quartzites. Serpentinite forms from the alteration of ferromagnesian silicate materials, such as olivine and … Traductions en contexte de "parent rock" en anglais-français avec Reverso Context : Diamonds in their natural state, i.e., as they occur in deposits or extracts from the parent rock, sorted into lots or parcels. Serpentinite outcrops can form small isolated areas of soil chemistry due to the chemical composition of their soil. I will write about fuchsite some day, there is no doubt about it. antigorite, lizardite), magnetite. During serpentinization the only component mobilized to any extent is calcium which is found in the pyroxenes and plagioclases of some parent rocks. These serpentine-rich rocks are known as \"serpentinites.\" Extensive areas of Earth's surface are underlain by serpentinites. Usually serpentinite contains iron in the form of magnetite which gives dark color to serpentinites. Soapstone, also known as steatite, is a rock that is also formed from peridotite. Serpentinite is a metamorphic rock that forms at tectonic plate boundaries deep within the Earth. Soapstone contains talc and chlorite, which can make the rock … I think it would be good start to investigate who’s products are the building materials used in the building and then ask them directly what kind of asbestos they used then. These are igneous rocks that are composed of olivine and pyroxene (peridotite, pyroxenite). These are chemical reactions which convert anhydrous ferromagnesian silicate minerals (pyroxene, olivine) into hydrous silicate minerals (serpentine) plus some other possibilities like brucite and magnetite. Which of the following is a granular (non-foliated) metamorphic rock? [specify] In California, 10% of the state's plants are serpentine endemics. The state contains over 1,988 square miles (3,200 sq. Ultramafic rocks are igneous or metamorphic rocks that contain more than 70% iron or magnesium minerals.[4]. Serpentine soils are derived from ultramafic rocks. In this research, a number of ten rock samples collected from five representative serpentinite outcrops have been the subject of mineralogical and geochemical studies. ... Chlorite in the clay fraction is inherited from the parent rock. Its only a drop of water in the sea but hopefully better than nothing. 2009). NATO science series, v. 68. I look forward to your fuchsite/muscovite post. Serpentine occurs in central and northern California -- in the Coast Ranges, the Klamath Mountains, and in the Sierra Nevada foothills. [1] Due to their ultramafic origin, serpentine soils also suffer from a low calcium-to-magnesium ratio and lack many essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). We can only try to educate people which I attempt to do with this blog. These area… Serpentinite is a metamorphosed ultramafic rock. I am not yet sure whether I will write a separate post about fuchsite or write about it as part of a muscovite post. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. antigorite, lizardite), magnetite. During hydrothermal metamorphism, olivine and pyroxene minerals are transformed into or are replaced by serpentine minerals. [3] Together, these factors create serious ecological challenges for plants living in serpentine soils. Some examples of common serpentine tolerant plants include: Gray Pine (Pinus sabiniana), California Lilac (Ceanothus sp. two questions — is it possible to tell what kind of asbestos is in a building, for example during remodeling? Whittaker, R. H., Walker, R., Kruckeberg, A., ”The Ecology of Serpentine Soils”.Department of xxxRadiological Services.1954.pp 258–275.Web. Department of Natural Resources.”Natural Communities-Serpentine grasslands”.Maryland.gov. Serpentinite definition is - a rock consisting chiefly of serpentine. Serpentine barrens often consist of grassland or savannas in areas where the climate would normally lead to the growth of forests.[14]. It should be noted that serpentinite is the rock, while serpentine is the soil which results from weathering rock… Geologically, areas with serpentine bedrock are characteristically steep, rocky, and vulnerable to erosion, which causes many serpentine soils to be rather shallow. Serpentinite rock in the cliffs on Kennack Sands , one of the Lizard"s most beautiful rocks , dark green, red , run through with contrasting seams, it polishes like marble to a deep sheen. [6], Serpentine plant communities range from moist bogs and fens to rocky barrens, and must be able to tolerate the harsh environmental conditions of such poor soil. Serpentinite has a mottled, greenish-gray or bluish-gray color and is often waxy to the touch. [7] Heavy metals stunt growth, induce iron deficiency, cause chlorosis, and restrict root development. Serpentinite Serpentinite is a metamorphic rock that is mostly composed of serpentine group minerals. [9] Serpentine plants have strongly developed root systems to facilitate uptake of water and nutrients. They will exhibit a "stunted" growth habit, with dull waxy, gray-green leaves (seen in Eriogonum libertini), which allow for water retention and sunlight reflection respectively. ), Manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp. The serpentinite at the Presidio is probably made from rock scraped off the bottom of ocean crust that is found east of the subduction zone. The spatial isolation from source and other populations limit gene flow,[4] which could make these populations vulnerable to changing environmental conditions. [11] The heterogeneity of serpentine communities coupled with their patchy distribution limits gene flow but promotes speciation and diversification. Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing rocks ("parent rocks") due to changes in either temperature, pressure, or volatiles within the earth, often by a combination of all three. [9] Low phosphorus levels cause similar effects of low nitrogen but also cause reduced seed size, lower root to shoot ratios, and increased water stress. In the current sample can be seen also the parent rock (lherzolite - which is a ultramafic igneous rock/meta-igneous rocks). http://plantsandrocks.blogspot.com/2012/03/there-is-one-bed-of-bright-emerald.html. Brucite forms if the precursor rocks are rich in magnesium (dunite, for example). Dordrecht: Springer. [9][7] Multiple adaptive mechanisms to heavy metals include the exclusion of metals by restricting the uptake by the roots, compartmentalization of metals in various organs, or the development of toxicity tolerance. As a result, they are often drastically different from non-serpentine soil areas bordering the serpentine soils. There are many other serpentine minerals, most of which are rare. Width of sample is 8 cm. Serpentine soil is an uncommon soil type produced by weathered ultramafic rock such as peridotite and its metamorphic derivatives such as serpentinite. However, this rock can be bad for your health due to the presence of asbestos, so think twice about including this in your crystal collection. Serpentine minerals along with other green-colored alteration minerals (talc and chlorite) are still pretty widely distributed because olivine and pyroxenes are readily available in many places. "Places We Protect: State-Line Serpentine Barrens, Pennsylvania", Retrieved July 20, 2020. http://www.californiachaparral.com/images, http://dnr2.maryland.gov/wildlife/Pages/plants_wildlife/serpentine.aspx.Accessed, https://baynature.org/article/should-we-be-worried-about-asbestos-in-serpentine-rock/, https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/beauty/serpentines/adaptations.shtml, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serpentine_soil&oldid=991417294, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2017, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2017, Articles needing more detailed references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The large crystals of metamorphic minerals that form in metamorphic rocks are called: porphyroblasts. 语法. Serpentine group minerals occur less commonly in some olivine-bearing marbles (ophicalcite) and kimberlites, but these rocks are normally not considered to be serpentinites. Schist is a medium grade metamorphic rock with medium to large, flat, sheet like grains in a preferred orientation 1.2 History
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IPC Chapter 17
Indian Penal Code 1860
Chapter XVII – Of Offences Against Property
Section 378:- Theft
Whoever, intending to take dishonestly any movable property out of the possession of any person without that person’ consent, moves that property in order to such taking, is said to commit theft.
A thing so long as it is attached to the earth, not being movable property, is not the subject of theft; but it becomes capable of being the subject of theft as soon as it is severed from the earth.
A moving effected by the same act which effects the severance may be a theft.
A person is said to cause a thing to move by removing an obstacle which prevented it from moving or by separating it from any other thing, as well as by actually moving it.
A person, who by any means causes an animal to move, is said to move that animal, and to move everything which, in consequence of the motion so caused, is moved by that animal.
The consent mentioned in the definition may be express or implied, and may be given either by the person in possession, or by any person having for that purpose authority either express or implied.
A cuts down a tree on Z’ ground, with the intention of dishonestly taking the tree out of Z’ possession without Z’ consent. Here, as soon as A has severed the tree in order to such taking, he has committed theft.
A puts a bait for dogs in his pocket, and thus induces Z’ dog to follow it. Here, if A’ intention be dishonestly to take the dog out of Z’ possession without Z’ consent, A has committed theft as soon as Z’ dog has begun to follow A.
A meets a bullock carrying a box of treasure. He drives the bullock in a certain direction, in order that he may dishonestly take the treasure. As soon as the bullock begins to move, A has committed theft of the treasure.
A being Z’ servant, and entrusted by Z with the care of Z’ plate, dishonestly runs away with the plate, without Z’ consent. A has committed theft.
Z, going on a journey, entrusts his plate to A, the keeper of a warehouse, till Z shall return. A carries the plate to a goldsmith and sells it. Here the plate was not in Z’ possession. It could not therefore be taken out of Z’ possession, and A has not committed theft, though he may have committed criminal breach of trust.
A finds a ring belonging to Z on a table in the house which Z occupies. Here the ring is in Z’ possession, and if A dishonestly removes it, A commits theft.
A finds a ring lying on the high-road, not in the possession of any person. A, by taking it, commits no theft, though he may commit criminal misappropriation of property.
A sees a ring belonging to Z lying on a table in Z’ house. Not venturing to misappropriate the ring immediately for fear of search and detection, A hides the ring in a place where it is highly improbable that it will ever be found by Z, with the intention of taking the ring from the hiding place and selling it when the loss is forgotten. Here A, at the time of first moving the ring, commits theft.
A delivers his watch to Z, a jeweller, to be regulated. Z carries it to his shop. A, not owing to the jeweller any debt for which the jeweller might lawfully detain the watch as a security, enters the shop openly, takes his watch by force out of Z’ hand, and carries it away. Here A, though he may have committed criminal trespass and assault, has not committed theft, inasmuch as what he did was not done dishonestly.
If A owes money to Z for repairing the watch, and if Z retains the watch lawfully as a security for the debt, and A takes the watch out of Z’ possession, with the intention of depriving Z of the property as a security for his debt, he commits theft, inasmuch as he takes it dishonestly.
Again, if A, having pawned his watch to Z, takes it out of Z’ possession without Z’ consent, not having paid what he borrowed on the watch, he commits theft, though the watch is his own property inasmuch as he takes it dishonestly.
A takes an article belonging to Z out of Z’ possession without Z’ consent, with the intention of keeping it until he obtains money from Z as a reward for its restoration. Here A takes dishonestly; A has therefor committed theft.
A being on friendly terms with Z, goes into Z’ library in Z’ absence, and takes away a book without Z’ express consent for the purpose merely of reading it, and with the intention of returning it. Here, it is probable that A may have conceived that he had Z’ implied consent to use Z’ book. If this was A’ impression, A has not committed theft.
A asks charity from Z’ wife. She gives A money, food and clothes, which A knows to belong to Z her husband. Here it is probable that A may conceive that Z’ wife is authorized to give away alms. If this was A’ impression, A has not committed theft.
A is the paramour of Z’ wife. She gives a valuable property, which A knows to belong to her husband Z, and to be such property as she has not authority from Z to give. If A takes the property dishonestly, he commits theft.
A, in good faith, believing property belonging to Z to be A’ own property, takes that property out of B’ possession. Here, as A does not take dishonestly, he does not commit theft.
Section 379:- Punishment for theft
Whoever commits theft shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 380:- Theft in dwelling house, etc.
Whoever commits theft in any building, tent or vessel, which building, tent or vessel is used as a human dwelling, or used for the custody of property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 381:- Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master
Whoever, being a clerk or servant, or being employed in the capacity of a clerk or servant, commits theft in respect of any property in the possession of his master or employer, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 382:- Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of the theft
Whoever commits theft, having made preparation for causing death, or hurt, or restraint, or fear of death, or of hurt, or of restraint, to any person, in order to the committing of such theft, or in order to the effecting of his escape after the committing of such theft or in order to the retaining of property taken by such theft, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
A commits theft on property in Z’ possession; and, while committing this theft, he has a loaded pistol under his garment, having provided this pistol for the purpose of hurting Z in case Z should resist. A has committed the offence defined in this section.
A picks Z’ pocket, having posted several of his companions near him, in order that they may restrain Z, if Z should perceive what is passing and should resist, or should attempt to apprehend A. A has committed the offence defined in this section.
Section 383:- Extortion
Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person, or to any other, and thereby dishonestly induces the person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property, or valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits “extortion”.
A threatens to publish a defamatory libel concerning Z unless Z gives him money. He thus induces Z to give him money. A has committed extortion.
A threatens Z that he will keep Z’ child in wrongful confinement, unless Z will sign and deliver to A a promissory note binding Z to pay certain monies to A to Z sings and delivers the note. A has committed extortion.
A threatens to send club-men to plough up Z’ field unless Z will sign and deliver to B a bond binding Z under a penalty to deliver certain produce to B, and thereby induces Z to sign and deliver the bond. A has committed extortion.
A, by putting Z in fear of grievous hurt, dishonestly induces Z to sign or affix his seal to a blank paper and deliver it to A. Z sings and delivers the paper to A. Here, as the paper so signed may be converted into a valuable security A has committed extortion.
Section 384:- Punishment for extortion
Whoever commits extortion shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 385:- Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion
Whoever, in order to the committing of extortion, puts any person in fear, or attempts to put any person in fear, of any injury, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 386:- Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt
Whoever commits extortion by putting any person in fear of death or of grievous hurt to that person or to any other, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 387:- Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion
Whoever in order to the committing of extortion, puts or attempts to put any person in fear of death or of grievous hurt to that person or to any other, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 388:- Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etc
Whoever commits extortion by putting any person in fear of an accusation against that person or any other, of having committed or attempted to commit any offence punishable with death, or with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, or of having attempted to induce any other person to commit such offence, shall shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and, if the offence be one punishable under section 377 of this Code, may be punished with imprisonment for life.
Section 389:- Putting person in fear or accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion
Whoever, in order to the committing of extortion, puts or attempts to put any person in fear of an accusation, against that person or any other, of having committed, or attempted to commit, an offence punishable with death or with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and, if the offence be punishable under section 377 of this Code, may be punished with imprisonment for life.
Section 390:- Robbery
In all robbery there is either theft or extortion.
When theft is robbery – Theft is “robbery” if, in order to the committing of the theft, or in committing the theft, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft, the offender, for that end, voluntarily causes or attempts to cause to any person death or hurt or wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death or of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint.
When extortion is robbery – Extortion is “robbery” if the offender, at the time of committing the extortion, is in the presence of the person put in fear, and commits the extortion by putting that person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint to that person or to some other person, and, by so putting in fear, induces the person, so put in fear then and there to deliver up the thing extorted.
The offender is said to be present if he is sufficiently near to put the other person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint.
A holds Z down, and fraudulently takes Z’ money and jewels from Z’ clothes, without Z’ consent. Here A has committed theft, and, in order to the committing of that theft, has voluntarily caused wrongful restraint to Z. A has therefore committed robbery.
A meets Z on the high road, shows a pistol, and demands Z’ purse. Z, in consequence, surrenders his purse. Here A has extorted the purse from Z by putting him in fear of instant hurt, and being at the time of committing the extortion in his presence. A has therefore committed robbery.
A meets Z and Z’ child on the high road. A takes the child, and threatens to filing it down a precipice, unless Z delivers his purse. Z, in consequence, delivers his purse. Here A has extorted the purse from Z, by causing Z to be in fear of instant hurt to the child who is there present. A has therefore committed robbery on Z.
A obtains property from Z by saying- “Your child is in the hands of my gang, and will be put to death unless you send us ten thousand rupees”. This is extortion, and punishable as such: but it is not robbery, unless Z is put in fear of the instant death of his child.
Section 391:- Dacoity
When five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery, or where the whole number of persons conjointly committing or attempting to commit a robbery, and persons present and aiding such commission or attempt, amount to five or more, every person so committing, attempting or aiding, is said to commit “dacoity”.
Section 392:- Punishment for robbery
Whoever commits robbery shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine; and, if the robbery be committed on the highway between sunset and sunrise, the imprisonment may be extended to fourteen years.
Section 393:- Attempt to commit robbery
Whoever attempts to commit robbery shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 394:- Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery
If any person, in committing or in attempting to commit robbery, voluntarily causes hurt, such person, and any other person jointly concerned in committing or attempting to commit such robbery, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 395:- Punishment for dacoity
Whoever commits dacoity shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 396:- Dacoity with murder
If any one of five or more persons, who are conjointly committing dacoity, commits murder in so committing dacoity, every one of those persons shall be punished with death, or imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 397:- Robbery or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt
If, at the time of committing robbery or dacoity, the offender uses any deadly weapon, or causes grievous hurt to any person, so attempts to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, the imprisonment with which such offender shall be punished shall not be less than seven years.
Section 398:- Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon
If, at the time of attempting to commit robbery or dacoity, the offender is armed with any deadly weapon, the imprisonment with which such offender shall be punished shall not be less than seven years.
Section 399:- Making preparation to commit dacoity
Whoever makes any preparation for committing dacoity, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 400:- Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits
Whoever, at any time after the passing of this Act, shall belong to a gang of persons associated for the purpose of habitually committing dacoity, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 401:- Punishment for belonging to gang of thieves
Whoever, at any time after the passing of this Act, shall belong to any wandering or other gang of persons associated for the purpose of habitually committing theft or robbery, and not being a gang of thugs or dacoits, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 402:- Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity
Whoever, at any time after the passing of this Act, shall be one of five or more persons assembled for the purpose of committing dacoity, shall be punished with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 403:- Dishonest misappropriation of property
Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use any movable property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
A takes property belonging to Z out of Z’ possession in good faith, believing, at the time when he takes it, that the property belongs to himself. A is not guilty of theft; but if A, after discovering his mistake, dishonestly appropriates the property to his own use, he is guilty of an offence under this section.
A, being on friendly terms with Z, goes into Z’ library in Z’ absence and takes away a book without Z’ express consent. Here, if A was under the impression that he had Z’ implied consent to take the book for the purpose of reading it, A has not committed theft. But, if A afterwards sells the book for his own benefit, he is guilty of an offence under this section.
A and B being joint owners of a horse, A takes the horse out of B’ possession, intending to use it. Here as A has a right to use the horse, he does not dishonestly misappropriate it. But, if A sells the horse and appropriates the whole proceeds to his own use, he is guilty of an offence under this section.
A dishonest misappropriation for a time only is a misappropriation with the meaning of this section.
A finds a Government promissory note belonging to Z, bearing a blank endorsement. A, knowing that the note belongs to Z, pledges it with a banker as a security or a loan, intending at a future time to restore it to Z. A has committed an offence under this section.
A person who finds property not in the possession of any other person, and such property for the purpose of protecting it for, or of restoring it to, the owner, does not take or misappropriate it dishonestly, and is not guilty of an offence; but he is guilty of the offence above defined, if he appropriates it to his own use, when he knows or has the means of discovering the owner, or before he has used reasonable means to discover and give notice to the owner and has kept the property a reasonable time to enable the owner to claim it.
What are reasonable means or what is a reasonable time in such a case, is a question of fact.
It is not necessary that the finder should know who is the owner of the property, or that any particular person is the owner of it: it is sufficient if, at the time of appropriating it, he does not believe it to be his own property, or in good faith believe that the real owner cannot be found.
A finds a rupee on the high-road, not knowing to whom the rupee belong, A picks up the rupee. Here A has not committed the offence defined in this section.
A finds a letter on the road, containing a bank note. From the direction and contents of the letter he learns to whom the note belongs. He appropriates the note. He is guilty of an offence under this section.
A finds a cheque payable to bearer. He can form no conjecture as to the person who has lost the cheque. But the name of the person, who has drawn the cheque, appears. A knows that this person can direct him to the person in whose favour the cheque was drawn. A appropriates the cheque without attempting to discover the owner. He is guilty of an offence under this section.
A sees Z drop his purse with money in it. A pick up the purse with the intention of restoring it to Z, bu afterwards appropriates it to his own use. A has committed an offence under this section.
A finds a purse with money, not knowing to whom it belongs; he afterwards discovers that it belongs to Z, and appropriates it to his own use. A is guilty of an offence under this section.
A finds a valuable ring, not knowing to whom it belongs. A sells it immediately without attempting to discover the owner. A is guilty of an offence under this section.
Section 404:- Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death
Whoever dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use property, knowing that such property was in the possession of a deceased person at the time of that person’ decease, and has not since been in the possession of any person legally entitled to such possession, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine, and if the offender at the time of such person’ decease was employed by him as a clerk or servant, the imprisonment may extend to seven years.
Z dies in possession of furniture and money. His servant A, before the money comes into the possession of any person entitled to such possession, dishonestly misappropriates it. A has committed the offence defined in this section.
Section 405:- Criminal breach of trust
Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion over property, dishonestly misappropriates or converts to his own use that property, or dishonestly uses or disposes of that property in violation of any direction of law prescribing the mode in which such trust is to be discharged, or of any legal contract, express or implied, which he has made touching the discharge of such trust, or wilfully suffers any other person so to do, commits “criminal breach of trust”.
A person, being an employer of an establishment whether exempted under section 17 of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 (19 of 1952) or not who deducts the employees' contribution from the wages payable to the employee for credit to a Provident Fund or Family Pension Fund established by any law for the time being in force, shall be deemed to have been entrusted with the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he makes default in the payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation of the said law shall be deemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the said contribution in violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.
A person, being an employer, who deducts the employees contribution from the wages payable to the employee for credit to the Employees' State Insurance Fund held and administered by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation established under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 (34 of 1948), shall be deemed to have been entrusted with the amount of the contribution so deducted by him and if he makes default in the payment of such contribution to the said Fund in violation of the said Act, shall be deemed to have dishonestly used the amount of the said contribution in violation of a direction of law as aforesaid.
A, being executor to the will of a deceased person, dishonestly disobeys the law which directs him to divide the effects according to the will, and appropriates them to his own use. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
A is a warehouse-keeper, Z, going on a journey, entrusts his furniture to A, under a contract that it shall be returned on payment of a stipulated sum for warehouse-room. A dishonestly sells the goods. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
A, residing in Calcutta, is agent for Z, residing at Delhi. There is an express or implied contract between A and Z, that all sums remitted by Z to A shall be invested by A, according to Z’ direction. Z remits a lakh of rupees to A, with directions to A to invest the same in Company’ paper. A dishonestly disobeys the directions and employs the money in his own business. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
But if A, in the last illustration, not dishonestly but in good faith, believing that it will be more for Z’ advantage to hold shares in the Bank of Bengal, disobeys Z’ directions, and buys shares in the Bank of Bengal, for Z, instead of buying Company’ paper, here, thought Z should suffer loss, and should be entitled to bring a civil action against A, on account of that loss, yet A, not having acted dishonestly, has not committed criminal breach of trust.
A, a revenue-officer, is entrusted with public money and is either directed by law, or bound by a contract, express or implied, with the Government, to pay into a certain treasury all the public money which he holds. A dishonestly appropriates the money. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
A, a carrier, is entrusted by Z with property to be carried by land or by water. A dishonestly misappropriates the property. A has committed criminal breach of trust.
Section 406:- Punishment for criminal breach of trust
Whoever commits criminal breach of trust shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 407:- Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc.
Whoever, being entrusted with property as a carrier, wharfinger or warehouse-keeper, commits criminal breach of trust, in respect of such property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 408:- Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant
Whoever, being a clerk or servant or employed as a clerk or servant, and being in any manner entrusted in such capacity with property, or with any dominion over property, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 409:- Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent
Whoever, being in any manner entrusted with property, or with any dominion over property in his capacity of a public servant or in the way of his business as a banker, merchant, factor, broker, attorney or agent, commits criminal breach of trust in respect of that property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 410:- Stolen property
Property, the possession whereof has been transferred by theft, or by extortion, or by robbery, and property which has been criminally misappropriated or in respect of which criminal breach of trust has been committed, is designated as “stolen property”, whether the transfer has been made, or the misappropriation or breach of trust has been committed, within or without India. But, if such property subsequently comes into the possession of a person legally entitled to the possession thereof, it then ceases to be stolen property.
Section 411:- Dishonestly receiving stolen property
Whoever dishonestly receives or retains any stolen property, knowing or having reason to believe the same to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 412:- Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity
Whoever dishonestly receives or retains any stolen property, the possession whereof he knows or has reason to believe to have been transferred by the commission of dacoity, or dishonestly receives from a person, whom he knows or has reason to believe to belong or to have belonged to a gang of dacoits, property which he knows or has reason to believe to have been stolen, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 413:- Habitually dealing in stolen property
Whoever habitually receives or deals in property which he knows or has reason to believe to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 414:- Assisting in concealment of stolen property
Whoever voluntarily assists in concealing or disposing of or making away with property which he knows or has reason to believe to be stolen property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 415:- Cheating
Whoever, by deceiving any person, fraudulently or dishonestly induces the person so deceived to deliver any property to any person, or to consent that any person shall retain any property, or intentionally induces the person so deceived to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and which act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in body, mind, reputation or property, is said to “cheat”.
A dishonest concealment of facts is a deception within the meaning of this section.
A, by falsely pretending to be in the Civil Service, intentionally deceives Z, and thus dishonestly induces Z to let him have on credit goods for which he does not mean to pay. A cheats.
A, by putting a counterfeit mark on an article, intentionally deceives Z into a belief that this article was made by a certain celebrated manufacturer, and thus dishonestly induces Z to buy and pay for the article. A cheats.
A, by exhibiting to Z a false sample of an article intentionally deceives Z into believing that the article corresponds with the sample, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to buy and pay for the article. A cheats.
A, by tendering in payment for an article a bill on a house with which A keeps no money, and by which A expects that the bill will be dishonoured, intentionally deceives Z, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to deliver the article, intending not to pay for it. A cheats
A, by pledging as diamond articles which he knows are not diamonds, intentionally deceives Z, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to lend money. A cheats.
A Intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A means to repay any money that Z may lend to him and thereby dishonestly induces Z to lend him money, A not intending to repay it. A cheats.
A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A means to deliver to Z a certain quantity of indigo plant which he does not intend to deliver, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to advance money upon the faith of such delivery. A cheats; but if A, at the time of obtaining the money, intends to deliver the indigo plant, and afterwards breaks his contract and does not deliver it, he does not cheat, but is liable only to a civil action for breach of contract.
A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A has performed A’ part of a contract made with Z, which he has not performed, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to pay money. A cheats.
A sells and conveys an estate to B. A, knowing that in consequence of such sale he has no right to the property, sells or mortgages the same to Z, without disclosing the fact of the previous sale and conveyance to B, and receives the purchase or mortgage money from Z. A cheats.
Section 416:- Cheating by personation
A person is said to “cheat by personation” if he cheats by pretending to be some other person, or by knowingly substituting one person for or another, or representing that he or any other person is a person other than he or such other person really is.
The offence is committed whether the individual personated is a real or imaginary person.
A cheats, by pretending to be a certain rich banker of the same name. A cheats by personation.
A cheats by pretending to be B, a person who is deceased. A cheats by personation.
Section 417:- Punishment for cheating
Whoever cheats shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.
Section 418:- Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect
Whoever cheats with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause wrongful loss to a person whose interest in the transaction to which the cheating relates, he was bound either by law, or by legal contract, to protect, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 419:- Punishment for cheating by personation
Whoever cheats by personation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 420:- Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property
Whoever cheats and thereby dishonestly induces the person deceived to deliver any property to any person, or to make, alter or destroy the whole or any part of a valuable security, or anything which is signed or sealed, and which is capable of being converted into a valuable security, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 421:- Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors
Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently removes, conceals or delivers to any person, or transfers or causes to be transferred to any person, without adequate consideration, any property, intending thereby to prevent, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby prevent the distribution of that property according to law among his creditors or the creditors of any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 422:- Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors
Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently prevents any debt or demand due to himself or to any other person from being made available according to law for payment of his debts or the debts of such other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 423:- Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration
Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently signs, executes or becomes a party to any deed or instrument which purports to transfer or subject to any charge any property, or any interest therein, and which contains any false statement relating to the consideration for such transfer or charge, or relating to the person or persons for whose use or benefit it is really intended to operate, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 424:- Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property
Whoever dishonestly or fraudulently conceals or removes any property of himself or any other person, or dishonestly or fraudulently assists in the concealment or removal thereof, or dishonestly releases any demand or claim to which he is entitled, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 425:- Mischief
Whoever with intent to cause, or knowing that he is likely to cause, wrongful loss or damage to the public or to any person, causes the destruction of any property, or any such change in any property or in the situation thereof as destroys or diminishes its value or utility, or affects it injuriously, commits “mischief”.
It is not essential to the offence of mischief that the offender should intend to cause loss or damage to the owner of the property injured or destroyed. It is sufficient if he intends to cause, or knows that he is likely to cause, wrongful loss or damage to any person by injuring any property, whether it belongs to that person or not.
Mischief may be committed by an act affecting property belonging to the person who commits the act, or to that person and others jointly.
A voluntarily burns a valuable security belonging to Z intending to cause wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief.
A introduces water in to an ice-house belonging to Z and thus causes the ice to melt, intending wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief.
A voluntarily throws into a river a ring belonging to Z, with the intention of there by causing wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief.
A, knowing that his effects are about to be taken in execution in order to satisfy a debt due from him to Z, destroys those effects, with the intention of thereby preventing Z from obtaining satisfaction of the debt, and of thus causing damage to Z. A has committed mischief.
A having insured a ship, voluntarily causes the same to be cast away, with the intention of causing damage to the underwriters. A has committed mischief.
A causes a ship to be cast away, intending thereby to cause damage to Z who has lent money on bottomry on the ship. A has committed mischief.
A having joint property with Z in a horse, shoots the horse, intending thereby to cause wrongful loss to Z. A has committed mischief.
A causes cattle to enter upon a field belonging to Z, intending to cause and knowing that he is likely to cause damage to Z’ crop. A has committed mischief.
Section 426:- Punishment for mischief
Whoever commits mischief shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine, or with both.
Section 427:- Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupees
Whoever commits mischief and thereby causes loss or damage to the amount of fifty rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 428:- Mischief by killing or maiming animal of the value of ten rupees
Whoever commits mischief by killing, poisoning, maiming or rendering useless any animals or animal of the value of the ten rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 429:- Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc., of any value or any animal of the value of fifty rupees
Whoever commits mischief by killing, poisoning, maiming or rendering useless, any elephant, camel, horse, mule, buffalo, bull, cow or ox, whatever may be the value thereof, of any other animal of the value of fifty rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment or either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 430:- Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water
Whoever commits mischief by doing any act which causes, or which he knows to be likely to cause, a diminution of the supply of water for agricultural purposes, or for food or drink for human beings or for animals which are property, or for cleanliness or for carrying on any manufacture, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 431:- Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel
Whoever commits mischief by doing any act which renders or which he knows to be likely to render any public road, bridge, navigable river or navigable channel, natural or artificial, impassable or less safe for travelling or conveying property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 432:- Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage
Whoever commits mischief by doing any act which causes or which he knows to be likely to cause an inundation or an obstruction to any public drainage attended with injury or damage, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 433:- Mischief by destroying, moving or rendering less useful a light-house or sea-mark
Whoever commits mischief by destroying or moving any light-house or other light used as a sea-mark, or any sea-mark or buoy or other thing placed as a guide for navigators, or by any act which renders any such light-house, sea-mark, buoy or other such thing as aforesaid less useful as a guide for navigators, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 434:- Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public authority
Whoever commits mischief by destroying or moving any land-mark fixed by the authority of a public servant, or by any act which renders such land-mark less useful as such, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.
Section 435:- Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of one hundred or (in case of agricultural produce) ten rupees
Whoever commits mischief by fire or any explosive substance intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, damage to any property to the amount of one hundred rupees or upwards or (where the property is agricultural produce) ten rupees or upwards, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 436:- Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent destroy house, etc.
Whoever commits mischief by fire or any explosive substance, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause the destruction of any building which is ordinarily used as a place of worship or as a human dwelling or as a place for the custody of property, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 437:- Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden
Whoever commits mischief to any decked vessel or any vessel of a burden of twenty tons or upwards, intending to destroy or render unsafe, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby destroy or render unsafe, that vessel, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 438:- Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive substance
Whoever commits, or attempts to commit, by fire or any explosive substance, such mischief as is described in the last preceding section. shall be punished with imprisonment for life. or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 439:- Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.
Whoever intentionally runs any vessel aground or ashore, intending to commit theft of any property contained therein or to dishonestly misappropriate any such property, or with intent that such theft or misappropriation of property may be committed, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 440:- Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt
Whoever commits mischief, having made preparation for causing to any person death, or hurt, or wrongful restraint, or fear of death, or hurt, or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 441:- Criminal trespass
Whoever enters into or upon property in the possession of another with intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult or annoy any person in possession of such property, or having lawfully entered into or upon such property, unlawfully remains there with intent thereby to intimidate, insult or annoy any such person, or with intent to commit an offence, is said to commit “criminal trespass”.
Section 442:- House-trespass
Whoever commits criminal trespass by entering into or remaining in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or any building used as a place for worship, or as a place for the custody of property, is said to commit “house-trespass”.
The introduction of any part of the criminal trespasser’ body is entering sufficient to constitute house-trespass.
Section 443:- Lurking house-trespass
Whoever commits house-trespass having taken precautions to conceal such house-trespass from some person who has a right to exclude or eject the trespasser from the building, tent or vessel which is the subject of the trespass, is said to commit “lurking house-trespass”.
Section 444:- Lurking house-trespass by night
Whoever commits lurking house-trespass after sunset and before sunrise, is said to commit “lurking house-trespass by night”.
Section 445:- House-breaking
A person is said to commit “house-breaking” who commits house-trespass if he effects his entrance into the house or any part of it in any of the six ways hereinafter described; or if, being in the house or any part of it for the purpose of committing an offence, or having committed an offence therein, he quits the house or any part of it in any of it in such six ways, that is to say:
If he enters or quits through a passage made by himself, or by any abettor of the house-trespass, in order to the committing of the house-trespass.
If he enters or quits through any passage not intended by any person, other than himself or an abettor of the offence, for human entrance; or through any passage to which he has obtained access by scaling or climbing over any wall or building.
If he enters or quits through any passage which he or any abettor of the house-trespass has opened, in order to the committing of the house-trespass by any means by which that passage was not intended by the occupier of the house to be opened.
If he enters or quits by opening any lock in order to the committing of the house-trespass, or in order to the quitting of the house after a house-trespass.
If he effects his entrance or departure by using criminal force or committing an assault, or by threatening any person with assault.
If he enters or quits by any passage which he knows to have been fastened against such entrance or departure, and to have been unfastened by himself or by an abettor of the house-trespass.
Any out-house or building occupied with a house, and between which and such house there is an immediate internal communication, is part of the house within the meaning of this section.
A commits house-trespass by making a hole through the wall of Z’ house, and putting his hand through the aperture. This is house-breaking.
A commits house-trespass by creeping into a ship at a port-hole between decks. This is house-breaking.
A commits house-trespass by entering Z’ house through a window. This is house-breaking.
A commits house-trespass by entering Z’ house through the door, having opened a door which was fastened. This is house-breaking.
A commits house-trespass by entering Z’ house through the door, having lifted a latch by putting a wire through a hole in the door. This is house-breaking.
A finds the key of Z’ house door, which Z had lost, and commits house trespass by entering Z’ house, having opened the door with that key. This is house-breaking.
Z is standing in his doorway. A forces a passage by knocking Z down, and commits house-trespass by entering the house. This is house-breaking.
Z, the door-keeper of Y, is standing in Y’ doorway. A commits house-trespass by entering the house, having deterred Z from opposing him by threatening to beat him. This is house-breaking.
Section 446:- House-breaking by night
Whoever commits house-breaking after sunset and before sunrise, is said to commit “house-breaking by night”.
Section 447:- Punishment for criminal trespass
Whoever commits criminal trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.
Section 448:- Punishment for house-trespass
Whoever commits house-trespass shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.
Section 449:- House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death
Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence punishable with death, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 450:- House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life
Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment for life, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 451:- House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment
Whoever commits house-trespass in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term of the imprisonment may be extended to seven years.
Section 452:- House-trespass alter preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint
Whoever commits house-trespass, having made preparation for causing hurt to any person or for assaulting any person, or for wrongfully restraining any person, or for putting and person in fear of hurt, or of assault, or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 453:- Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking
Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 454:- Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment
Whoever commits lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine; and if the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term of the imprisonment may be extended to ten years.
Section 455:- Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint
Whoever commits lurking house-trespass, or house-breaking, having made preparation for causing hurt to any person, or for assaulting any person, or for wrongfully restraining any person, or for putting any person in fear of hurt or of assault or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description or a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 456:- Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night
Whoever commits lurking house-trespass by night, or house-breaking by night, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 457:- Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment
Whoever commits lurking house-trespass by night, or house-breaking by night in order to the committing of any offence punishable with imprisonment, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable to fine; and, if the offence intended to be committed is theft, the term of the imprisonment may be extended to fourteen years.
Section 458:- Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint
Whoever commits lurking house-trespass by night, or house-breaking by night, having made preparation for causing hurt to any person or for assaulting any person, or for wrongfully restraining any person, or for putting any person in fear of hurt, or of assault, or of wrongful restraint, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to fourteen years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 459:- Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking
Whoever, whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking, causes grievous hurt to any person or attempts to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 460:- All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of them
If at the time of the committing of lurking house-trespass by night or house-breaking by night, any person guilty of such offence shall voluntarily cause or attempt to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, every person jointly concerned in committing such lurkking house-trespass by night or house-breaking by night, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
Section 461:- Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property
Whoever dishonestly or with intent to commit mischief, breaks open or unfastens any closed receptacle which contains or which he believes to contain property, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both.
Section 462:- Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody
Whoever, being entrusted with any closed receptacle which contains or which he believes to contain property without having authority to open the same, dishonestly, or with intent to commit mischief, breaks open or unfastens that receptacle, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
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Heretic — 1984-88
(Belle Antique 9457, 1988/1994, CD)
Heretic was a Japanese group that released two albums in the 80s. This CD combines these two albums and includes a bonus track recorded live in the studio. 1984-88 is interesting in that you can hear how Heretic’s music evolved over the four year period. The first three tracks are excerpts from "Interface Part 1," "Interface Part 2," and "El Rayo de Luna." The music is quite melodic with a progressive rock flavor. The fiery guitar work is outstanding and reminds me of Mike Oldfield. There are also moments during these first three songs when the music almost slips into New Age but it retains an edge. "El Rayo de Luna" has a particularly cinematic feel, almost a spaghetti western, and reminded me somewhat of Popol Vuh’s movie soundtracks. Following these we skip ahead in time to Heretic’s second album (1988). "Do Heretic" is 22 minutes of Heretic’s new musical direction. The music has a darker feel and slowly builds to a Heldon-like climax. The music is not as harsh or frantic as Heldon, more like a kinder and gentler Peter Frohmader. The next song is "Fail Safe Error." Something has seriously gone wrong. U. S. planes are about to attack Moscow due to a glitch in the system and the pilots won’t respond to the President! This movie soundtrack weaves in and out of suspenseful music, a fast bass groove, and some caterwauling violins. This is another excellent song sure to please fans of King Crimson and Heldon. Then the band shifts gears on us again with "Anonymous," a beautiful quiet acoustic guitar ballad sung in Japanese that reminded me of Neuronium’s "Abismos de terciopelo" from Vuelo Quimico. Once more Heretic changes directions with "Tripping on Waves," a jazzy tune with many strange and interesting sounds and noises popping in and out all over the spectrum. The last song from their second album is "m*a*f*o*r*o*b*a," an airy little bit of floating electronics. The CD closes with another King Crimson/Heldon influenced tour de force, "Resource." Here we have nine minutes of searing guitars, bass, and drum recalling Larks’ Tongue in Aspic and Red and including the talent of Chihiro S. (AKA Lacrymosa) on electric bass. 1984-88 is one fine release that displays the talents of a fine band that no longer exists. If you are a fan of any of the above named groups be sure to seek this one out.
by Mike Ezzo, 1996-03-01:
Active in Kyoto from 1984 until about 1989, Heretic was a trio which consisted of Hirofumi Kawahara, Toru Ohta, and Suguru Mori, performing on synths, guitar, and cello. For this CD release Belle Antique has put together a collection of tracks from the two LPs Escape Sequence and Interface. I'm not sure whether or not this does justice to Heretic's music since I haven't heard the complete original recordings. What we end up with on 1984-88 are four pairs of songs that resemble each other. The simultaneously warm and spacey "Excerpts from Interface Part 1" and " Part 2" aspire to Mike Oldfield proportions. But the arrangements seem almost like demos, because the drum machine can't prove the proper foil for Ohta's emotive guitar work. Then there is the manic, 90-mph epic tour-de-force "Do Heretick" and its companion, "Fail Safe Error." The former begins with a rich evocative drone and sparse percussion. The effect is splendid. About seven minutes into it, the atmosphere is transformed into a rampaging cybernetic free-for-all. Not to complain, but I was quite happy with the blissful opening section the way it was. In contrast are the slowly drifting landscapes of "El Rayo de Luna" and "m.a.f.o.r.o.b.a". Cello and soft female voice sneak in ever so subtly on these endangered species. These are my two favorite moments on the entire CD. Finally there are two group songs, featuring guests from Lacrymosa and Ain Soph. One is an open-ended jam, on which Ohta lets it fly with a Pinhas-inspired solo. Very nicely done! The other comes across somewhat like an electronic version of an 80s Crimson piece. So, all in all, a mixed set of compositions from Heretic, which should motivate more than a few people to search out their two rare LP releases.
Heretic was a Japanese synthesizer / guitar based band from the mid-80s; this release collects three tracks from their first album Interface (1985) when they were essentially a three-piece (two synthesizers, guitar + violin) with sequenced percussion, their entire second album Escape Sequence (1988) featuring a five piece lineup (percussion, synth-bass, and cello, synth added to original lineup) and several guests including guitarist Yozox Yamamoto and drummer Taiqui Tomiiye of Ain Soph, and one live track from 1988. The three early tracks tend to be pastoral and melodically colorful, with guitar adding some solo work to a thick synthesizer base. The synth-drums are used sparingly, and in the context of the music sound quite appropriate, as they might on an album by Vangelis, Neuronium, or Jarre. On the second album they take a more bold and aggressive stance, balancing sonic experimentalism with a powerful Heldon-like energy. The 22 minute "Do Heretick" covers a lot of ground, and is by far the most experimental piece on the disc. By the same token, "Fail Safe Error" is certainly the most energetic and urgent, its pulsating rhythms and screaming contorted guitars could be straight from Heldon's Standby or King Crimson's Starless and Bible Black, it even lifts a few lines of dialog from the Henry Fonda movie of the same title. "Anonymous" is a shorter track, the only one here that features lyrics; "Tripping on Waves" is a jazzier sounding piece with some flashy guitar-work, and Yozox' only writing contribution to the album; ethereal vocals by Minako Urasawa are the highlight of the all-too-short "m-a-f-o-r-o-b-a.” The live track is the nine-minute "Resource,” a very Crimsonesque workout — the dual percussion will remind of Bruford and Muir on Larks' Tongues, and the wandering Frippisms of the solo guitar offer further evidence of influence — and interestingly enough, there's hardly any synth to be heard here, very different from what the band was doing just a few years before. This 76 minute disc covers a lot of territory, but it's a journey that most should enjoy!
Filed under: Archives , Issue 4 , 1994 releases, 1988 releases
Related artist(s): Heretic
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Larkin Grimm Hits "The Road"
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November 28, 2016 Comments Off on Interesting Facts About Hungary Views: 7331 Country & Places, Fun Facts, Interesting facts
Hungary is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful tourist destinations that everybody should visit. This landlocked country is situated in Central Europe and shares boundaries with Romania to the southeast, Croatia, Slovenia, and Serbia to the south and southwest, Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, and Austria to the west. This enchanting land is famous all around the world for its delicious food, remarkable architecture, lakes, traditions, and for acquiring Nobel Prizes.
Top 10 Fun and Interesting Facts about Hungary
Quick Hungary Facts:
Total estimated population: 9,840,592 – Capital and Largest city: Budapest – What are people from Hungary called: Hungarian – Official language: Hungarian – Currency: Hungarian forint – Religion: Roman Catholic (around 75% of Hungarians) – Independence day: 15th of March – Main exports: Electronic equipment, machinery, and vehicles (source)
Here are top 10 fun facts about Hungary:
Hungary is said to be one of the oldest nations in Europe. It was founded in 896 A.D. even before Germany, England, or France.
This country has invented a lot of useful and significant things such as ballpoint, krypton electric bulb, and holography. Moreover, geniuses should say thanks to Hungary for inventing the most popular logical toy, the Rubik’s Cube, which has allowed them to make a lot of world records and prove themselves in many global talent shows.
One of the most amazing facts about Hungary is that it always wins a gold medal in the Summer Olympics. The only two times Hungary didn’t win was in the year 1920 and 1984, and that was because it didn’t compete in both of the years.
When it comes to meals, this country has a lot to offer. Its famous stew, goulash, has made tourists visit this country again and again. Moreover, it invented paprika as well.
Unbelievably, you can’t name a newborn in this country until the government approves the name. The government has a great list of names and if your suggested name isn’t on the list, you have to either fill the approval form or keep a name proposed by the officials.
Hungary has won a Nobel Prize in about every category except peace, making a total of thirteen awards.
Another incredible fact is that Hungary has issued the world’s highest denomination note. It has a face value of 1,000,000,000,000,000,000.
Budapest is known for the highest amount of hot springs all around the world. These hot springs are beneficial
Hungary Facts: Budapest
for health and are used as medicinal baths or spas in this city.
The city of Budapest is also home to one of the biggest music festivals in the world. Every August, about 400,000 people visit Hungary just to attend the Sziget Festival.
When it comes to funny facts about Hungary, this one tops the list. There is a very famous legend about the bull’s blood. It says that during a battle with Turk soldiers, Hungarians remained tough and unbeatable because they used to drink the local red wine. The Turks, being curious, wanted to know what the soldiers drink, so the Hungarian soldiers actually told them that it’s the bull’s blood that gives them strength.
So, that is it with the coolest Hungary Facts. Share and Like on Facebook
» Country & Places, Fun Facts, Interesting facts » Interesting Facts About Hungary
"Factmontster" Is A Facts-Based Magazine That Tells You Real And Hidden Reasons Behind Things That You Are Unaware Of. This Blog Is Sure To Keep You Entertained. Each Time You Read Something Out Here, You Are Sure To Get Surprised. Have Fun!
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Score Album for ITV’s ‘Cold Feet’ Reboot to Be Released
Posted: November 2, 2016 by filmmusicreporter in TV Music Albums
Tags: Cold Feet, Edmund Butt, ITV, score, Soundtrack
Sony Music will release a score album for the ITV original series Cold Feet. The album features selections from the original music of the new season composed by Edmund Butt (The Dark, An Adventure in Space and Time, Ashes to Ashes). The soundtrack will be released digitally on November 11, 2016. The label has previously released a 2-CD set featuring the songs from the reboot. Cold Feet is created by Mike Bullen and stars James Nesbitt, John Thomson, Robert Bathurst and Hermione Norris. The comedy drama follows the intertwining lives of a group of Manchester friends at different stages in their relationships. The new season of the series recently premiered in the UK on ITV. A second reboot season is expected to premiere in 2017.
Here’s the album track list:
1. Main Theme (From “Cold Feet”)
2. Airport Arrival
3. Let’s Get Married
4. Matthew’s Theme
5. Pete’s Theme
6. Growing Pains
7. Great in Bed
8. Rachel’s Gone
9. Robert’s Arrested
10. Harry’s Theme
12. Adam Says Goodbye
13. Adam Falls in Love
14. Best Birthday Ever
15. Pete Breaks Down
16. Covert Operations
17. Rachel’s Ghost
18. Grown Men and Lycra
19. My Son
20. Jenny’s Theme
21. Adam Dreams
22. Kiss Hello
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Home > Kazakhstan > Thousands of Loaded Wagons Accumulates at Dostyk-Alashankou
Thousands of Loaded Wagons Accumulates at Dostyk-Alashankou
ALMATY (KTZ press service) — 3500 freight wagons loaded with cargo accumulated at the Dostyk-Alashankou border crossing with China.
At an online meeting on rail freight transport to China, Beibut Atamkulov, Minister of Industry and Infrastructure Development of Kazakhstan said:
As you know, today there is a problem with the movement of loaded wagons towards the Dostyk-Alashankou border crossing. A significant increase in the loading of goods by our exporters since May has led to a significant accumulation of loaded trains in the border areas. About 3,500 loaded wagons have been temporarily halted due to traffic. In order to eliminate the problems that have arisen, the Ministry is currently negotiating with the Chinese side, directly with the State Administration of Chinese Railways. A corresponding letter has been prepared to the Government of the PRC.
As mentioned in his report, Kanat Almagambetov, First Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (KTZ), noted that in order to ensure the timely transfer of export and transit goods to the People’ Republic of China, work is under way to redirect part of the goods traffic via Altynkol. Over the past seven months, the share of goods transport through this junction has risen from 4% to 23%. In addition, work is under way to redirect the freight volumes for containerised transport. Over 7 months of this year, the growth of containerised exports has risen to 13% compared to the same period last year.
Almagambetov pointed out:
Work is underway with shippers of bulk goods to load these goods into big bags. This will reduce unloading time to 12-14 hours. The experiment of 30 railcars loaded with goods (iron ore) was carried out with the rearrangement of wide track to narrow track axles.
In particular, it was noted that despite the impact of the pandemic and the tightening of measures taken by state regulatory authorities in this regard, the volume of traffic between Kazakhstan and China over seven months reached 12.1 mln tonnes. The growth was 30% compared to the same period in 2019, while the volume of cargo shipments from Kazakhstan to China amounted to more than 8 mln tonnes and increased by 41% compared to last year:
This was achieved thanks to the well-coordinated work of railway workers in both countries under the current conditions. The average transport volume of trains on wide gauge for six months was 12.6 trains per day, in July 14 trains per day. KTZ is working to achieve the transfer of 16 trains per day, with the prospect of up to 18.
In addition, Kanat Almagambetov mentioned the development of the railway infrastructure of the Dostyk-Moiynty section at the expense of KTZ. Last year alone, the cost of infrastructure projects amounted to 13.5 bln tenges. The revision of the track (95 km), the extension of the receiving and departure tracks at two separate points of Tokyrau and Orta-Deresin were carried out. In 2020, the cost of the infrastructure projects is 15 bln tenges. The extension of four reception and departure tracks in the “T” park at Dostyk station and much more.
It was also noted during the meeting that in order to attract additional freight traffic and reduce loading from Dostyk Station, favourable tariff conditions for 2020 have been established for transit container traffic through Altynkol Border Station (PRC). In addition, complex special tariffs (10-50% discount) have been established for container transport from China to Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Estonia, Ukraine, Russia and Belarus.
Atamkulov summarized:
Today, effective measures have been expressed to regulate the transport process. I propose to set up a working group and to discuss weekly operational issues related to the transport of goods to the PRC. Summarizing the results of today’s meeting, I suggest that the KTZ continue to work with the Chinese side to increase the throughput at the Dostyk-Alashankou border crossing. Also, work on redistributing part of the goods at the Altynkol-Khorgos border crossing, taking into account the creation of technological conditions.
In the meantime, he suggested that shippers continue to work on redirecting goods to China via the Altynkol-Khorgos border passage and on redirecting containerised cargo. It was decided to work with Chinese partners on the timely unloading and reloading of transit and export cargo from Kazakhstan.
12 August 2020 – Kazakhstan to Discuss Purchase of Russian COVID-19 Vaccines
10 August 2020 – Kazakhstan Postpones Census to 2021
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Keith Urban on AT&T Live at the iHeartRadio
Article Contributed by SRO | Published on Wednesday, June 8, 2016
Tune in to watch "Keith Urban on AT&T Live at the iHeartRadio Theater NY" airing exclusively via nationwide broadcast this Friday, June 10 at 9:00 pm ET/PT on the AUDIENCE Network DIRECTV Ch 239/U-verse Ch 1114.
Keith Urban stops by the iHeartRadio Theater in New York for a special interview and concert performance of songs from his new album RIPCORD alongside a handful of hits.
Watch a "First Look" from the concert special "Keith Urban on AT&T Live at the iHeartRadio Theater NY" now on Entertainment Tonight's ETOnline.com as Keith performs the new song "Wasted Time" (Here) and (Here).Tune in to watch the full concert on Friday, June 10 at 9 p.m. ET/PT on AUDIENCE Network (DIRECTV Ch 239/U-verse Ch 1114)
Watch the trailer for "Keith Urban on AT&T Live at the iHeartRadio Theater NY" airing Friday, June 10 (here).
AUDIENCE Network's new music slate continues to deliver groundbreaking concerts, in-depth artist interviews, unique stories and exclusive performances across all genres, plus select programming in ultra high-definition/4K*, to audiences nationwide since multiple series began airing this past January. Recent concert specials include: CeeLo Green, Hank Williams Jr., Cheap Trick, Peter Frampton, Flo Rida, Martina McBride, Lukas Graham, Kelsea Ballerini, Fall Out Boy and Panic! at the Disco, 2 Chainz, and others. New shows premiere via national broadcast Friday at 9:00 pm ET/PT on DIRECTV Ch 239/U-verse Ch 1114,as well as streaming on directv.com, uverse.com and on smartphones and tablets, via the DIRECTV and U-verse apps.**
AUDIENCE Network's multiple series of original and exclusive performances gives music fans an intimate view of music's most influential artists today. The network collaborates directly with musicians to create a unique show from their perspective.
RIPCORD features a virtual who's who of creative collaborators for an album that Urban says was his "most exhilarating album to make, both musically and creatively."
For the 13-track album, which has already produced his 19th and 20th No. 1 songs, Urban amassed an eclectic group of Grammy, CMA, ACM Award-winning writers and co-producers, who that have collectively worked with the likes of Adele, Jason Aldean, David Bowie, Luke Bryan, Kelly Clarkson, Brett Eldredge, Fun, Lady Gaga, Jay-Z, Madonna, Daft Punk, Pink and Taylor Swift.
They include new collaborations with Jeff Bhasker, busbee, Greg Wells and Nile Rodgers, as well as those who Urban has worked with before, including Shane McAnally, Ross Copperman, Dann Huff and Nathan Chapman, all of whom worked with Urban on his previous No. 1 album FUSE.
For more information on Keith Urban, visit: www.keithurban.net, www.facebook.com/keithurban, https://twitter.com/keithurban and http://instagram.com/KeithUrban.
New FRANK ZAPPA Tribute Beer, “Why Does It Hurt When IPA?”
Tash Sultana Returns To Stage For November 28 Livestream
DEAD ROCK WEST SHARE VIDEO FOR “REVOLUTION IN THE GARDEN”
Tommy Emmanuel To Release ‘Live! Christmas Time’ Album 12/4
AMERICA Announce The Streaming Of Concert Special “America--Live At The London Palladium”
HARRY SHEARER Releases Full Donald Trump Album: ‘The Many Moods Of Donald Trump’ Today
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Tommy Emmanuel Releases Newly Recorded Instrumental of John Lennon’s “Imagine”
Mary Scholz Releases “Lady Liberty”
Tash Sultana Releases Official Music Video For 'Beyond The Pine'
THE STRAY CATS Release New Live Album 'Rocked This Town: From LA To London' This Friday And Share Q&A
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Jeremy Squires 'Many Moons' Due Friday 8/28
Thu, 08/27/2020 - 8:51 pm
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Review of Justin David, Longing: Jewish Meditation on a Hidden God
Justin David. Longing: Jewish Meditation on a Hidden God. Eugene: Cascade Books, 2017. 217 pp.
Hanoch Ben Pazi
The book under review contains three parallel discussions, each worthy and interesting in its own right, which together constitute a challenging and intriguing framework for religious thought and internal observation via biblical texts. The first constitutes an invitation to engage in a meditative reading of the stories of Elijah and Elisha in the Book of Kings. The second proposes a philosophical and theological outlook based on the structure of Franz Rosenzweig’s The Star of Revelation: creation, revelation, and redemption. And the third encourages readers to rethink the meaning of religion and theology in the era of the death of God.
Bereshit: In the Beginning
I trace my own spiritual life to my teenage years, when the Torah came alive for me with its first words, Bereshit. (18)
In his introduction, author Just David shares what appears to be a personal story about his role as a rabbi and a teacher in his community. In this context, he introduces readers to the question of religious leadership in current times, as well as the manner in which religious leaders, who serve as educators for their communities, seek to incorporate the members of their communities into meaningful spiritual discourse. In the context of Jewish discourse, this dilemma encompasses a structural tension between halakha and aggadah—that is, between the practical study of Jewish law and living a Jewish way of life on the one hand, and the meditations and stories that attract attention and draw the general public closer to issues of faith and religious experience on the other hand. The difference between these two genres also has to do with the decision of which texts to study: which serve as the primary texts of study in the basic study of Jewish culture? Traditionally, this position has been filled by Talmudic study (the textual tradition of the Jewish sages of the periods of the Mishna and the Talmud), and this tradition is the basis for Jewish halakhic thought and writing. This comes as something of a surprise, as it assigns paramount status not to the Holy Scriptures—the Bible itself—but rather to a written text that is fully acknowledged to be a work of human creation.
At the outset of his commentary on the Bible, Rashi (1040-1105), the French rabbi who was the foremost Jewish biblical commentator of all time, asks why the biblical text begins with the story of creation. After all, the Torah is a book of laws and should have begun elsewhere, with the verse “this month shall be your first month” (Exodus 12:2), which is a commandment that precedes the story of the exile from Egypt. Many of the writers who have addressed this commentary have offered their own views of Rashi’s answer. David, however, focuses our attention on Rashi’s question of what is the starting point. Although there are many points from which it is possible to set forth, what interests David is the surprising prerogative to wonder where to begin. The journey to the text begins with this prerogative to contemplate, which is also the journey from the text to the spiritual voyage.
On the Importance of the Principle of Tzimtzum
When we examine David’s sources of influence and the sources from which he draws his ideas, we discover a respectable core of mystical and Hassidic Kabbalistic texts, including use of literature of the Zohar, the Kabbalah of the “Ari” (Isaac Luria Ashkenazi), and the doctrine of Reb Nahman of Bratslav. The book’s uniqueness, however, lies in the manner in which it draws the right to read the secret and the spiritual out of the literal text, or—as he describes the basis of inspiration for his work—the infinity that contracts itself within the text.
One of the most curious traditions of the Jewish Kabbalah since the sixteenth century has been the principle of tzimtzum. In its literal sense, this Hebrew term means to reduce something. In its biblical and midrashic sense, however, it is intended to explain God’s revelation in reality—that is to say, the infinite God’s ability to contract itself and reveal itself to humans, as in the revelation in the burning bush, the revelation at Mt. Sinai, and the contraction of God’s Shekhina within the Temple. However, the Ari, one of the foremost Jewish Kabbalists and mystics of all time, posed the question of tzimtzum in the opposite direction by means of the following philosophical and theological question: How can a world and a reality even exist within the infinite existence of Godliness? Tzimtzum is not required to enable God to reveal himself in the world, but rather the opposite: to enable the world to reveal itself within God. The wholeness of the Shekhina and the wholeness of Godliness preclude the revelation of anything personal or finite, and for this reason an act of contraction is required within Godliness to facilitate the creation of a space that is devoid of Godliness. The existence of such a space is what facilitates the establishment of reality, the creation of the world, and the significance of human action. David’s mystical reading draws the divine dynamic nature of reality from this idea—that is to say, the infinity of reality, the possibility of tzimtzum and the absence of Godliness from reality, and the quest for divine revelations within this absence, within this empty space.
This mystical and theological idea also holds psychological and social significance, as it pertains to the question of the oneness of God and the oneness of man facing God. In a variation on the words of Descartes based on Saint Augustine of Hippo, Rabbi Soloveitchik relates to the loneliness of the believer (“I am lonely therefore I believe”), as the loneliness of man encounters the loneliness of God, and the solitariness of man faces the solitariness of God. Soleveitchik describes the complex personality of the believer in relation to man’s experience of existential loneliness, which leads him to the dignity and uniqueness of man who was created in God’s image.
Similarly, in this book, the notions of God’s solitariness and the contraction of Godliness encounter the unique character of the believer, who longs for Godliness itself” “For me, Judaism requires no ‘leap of faith’. Rather, it entails a confrontation with an existential conundrum: that we must live with some degree of isolation so as to induce longing, which prompt us to seek an existential and spiritual foundation that we feel we need” (37).
The two main characters who are present throughout the book, in whom and through whom David seeks to construct his perception of longing, are Eliyahu and Elisha: two prominent prophets from the time of the kings who were known for their social, political, and supernatural activity. For David, however, these two characters represent first and foremost the prophets’ experience of loneliness and need, and his infinite longing for the other and for Godliness. Elisha’s moving cry—“My father! My father! The chariots and horsemen of Israel!” (2 Kings 2:12), exclaimed as Elijah the prophet is swept up to heaven by a divine whirlwind—echoes in David’s ears. Indeed, the verses in the book of Kings that depict this separation are heart-wrenching:
Elisha saw this and cried out, “My father! My father! The chariots and horsemen of Israel!” And Elisha saw him no more. Then he took hold of his garment and tore it in two. Elisha then picked up Elijah’s cloak that had fallen from him and went back and stood on the bank of the Jordan. (2 Kings 2:12-13)
But the pain of Elisha the prophet is immediately translated into a religious appeal: “He took the cloak that had fallen from Elijah and struck the water with it. ‘Where now is the Lord, the God of Elijah?’ he asks” (2 Kings 2:14). It is an appeal that translates Elisha’s suffering and longing for his teacher and father into spiritual suffering and an attempt to search and long for God.
This moment marks the onset of the journey that David depicts in his book. It is the great journey for an understanding of the mystical and religious movement of the student and the teacher, of the great prophet Elijah and his student Elisha. The book proposes understanding the movement toward Godliness as a movement based on longing. It is important to take note of the significant sensitivity proposed here regarding the modes of longing and yearning. It is a movement toward ‘that which was and is no more’ and toward ‘that which will be and is no more.’ Longing is accompanied by pain and hope, desire and movement, and the great wisdom that emerges between Elisha and Elijah is the wisdom of translating this longing and this sense of having missed out into devotion to God and the hope of hearing his voice.
Abraham converses with his father Terah, whose departure from and perhaps longing for his father emerges as major elements of his spiritual movement. Elisha, who refers to Elijah as “father,” seeks to regard him as a father figure and to signify his longing for him. And, of course, David, the book’s author, thinks about his own father and their conversations on spiritual and ethical matters.
According to David, rupture and pain constitute a central element of spiritual longing. The breaking of the vessel in the Kabbalistic story of the creation of the worlds is an important basis for understanding the divine worlds and man’s connection to Godliness. More significant, however, is the great rupture of the modern world and current times, in which we think in terms of ‘the death of Godliness’ and in which paradoxical terms of ‘to have and to have not’ are the concepts leading the movement toward Godliness. Drawing on Martin Buber’s dialogical I-thou relationship, David speaks of man’s connection to the Godliness that is absent from the world. The I-thou relationship, which in the story culminates in the relationship between teacher and student, is the spiritual relationship to which Buber refers and which he regards as a remedy for the human suffering of current times.
Using the Hebrew term tikun (repair), which he translates as “integration,” David rethinks the unique character of Elisha the prophet, who misses his master and teacher, who lives a solitary life of isolation, and who learns to live with his surroundings and community and to be committed to them. It is the Elisha who makes an effort and hopes to hear the voice of Godliness (107-110). Richard Rubinstein reverberates both aloud and silently in the emotionally moving paragraphs regarding the absence of God, or the paradoxical wholeness of the absence of Godliness from the world. The language of longing for Godliness is retranslated into acts of repairing a world without Godliness. In other words, the hope for Godliness and the longing for Godliness lie at the heart of the spiritual activity of man, who assumes responsibility for the world as a whole. David presents the act of taking responsibility in Levinasian terms, and what follows is an excerpt from this unique presentation:
God, for Levinas, is not the deity of our popular cynical imagination, who makes false promises, grants rewards, or executes punishments. God is being itself, and in particular, represents a moral way of being that Jewish tradition calls ‘holiness’. As Levinas himself observed, the Talmud gives God the name, “Holy One, Blessed be He (sic),” which is to say, that the quality of holiness between people is itself the most convincing manifestation of God. (171)
Longing: Jewish Meditation on a Hidden God offers a wonderful opportunity for thought and reflection on theology and Godliness in current times, in the era following the death of God, and in the modern experience of his absence. But it is also a moving opportunity to experience the deep meaning of longing for a vision and a divine voice in a world in which the paradoxical experience of wholeness and emptiness is fundamental. The book also constitutes an invitation to partake in an exceedingly personal journey that each of us can experience—a journey beyond our personal existence, and from there to the other and to Godliness.
In the book’s final lines, the author uses personal words to address the close connection between the absence of the father and the absence of God, and between the experience of incurable pain and the experience of the desire to create and repair the world. It is an individual, almost prophetic call to each of us to transform our painful experience of existence into a magnificent and meditative tool toward repairing the world.
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In Mexico, the fight between good and evil has been waged every week for decades, thrilling generations of fans with the spectacle of Lucha Libre. Real-life superheroes and villains, these masked wrestlers put their lives on the line night after night to entertain the legions of fans. Shot over the course of four years with full access to Mexico’s biggest Lucha Libre promotions, the film LUCHA MEXICO is an intimate look at the lives and work of modern Luchadores.
Gaining remarkable access to all the major Lucha Libre promotions, in LUCHA MEXICO Alex Hammond and Ian Markiewicz offer an entertaining, no holds barred look at some of the sport's top performers, featuring the "1000% Guapo" Shocker, Luchador heir Blue Demon Jr, the tragic hardcore wrestler El Hijo Del Perro Aguayo, and extreme American bodybuilder Jon "Strongman" Andersen. Lucha Mexico goes behind the mask, on a journey into the heart of Mexico.
In the center of sprawling Mexico City, hidden amongst auto repair shops, mom and pop taco stands and shuttered night clubs, lies the historic Arena Mexico. For most of the past century this unassuming venue has been the weekly home of Lucha Libre, a place where masked Luchadores entertain thousands of fans with displays of athleticism and acrobatics, and where some of the most exciting wrestling shows in the world are held. These tireless performers have always been at the direct service of the people, putting their lives on the line every night in epic battles between good and evil, presented with an extraordinary level of style and grace only found in Mexico.
The film captures the colorful luchadores world through modern verite techniques, giving viewers an exciting cinematic look at the triumphs and struggles of a cast of fan-favorites. As the country fights back against crime, corruption and economic crisis, the innocent catharsis of Lucha Libre is more sought after than ever. LUCHA MEXICO steps into the ring, pulls back the iconic mask, and reveals a powerful look into the beating heart of Mexico.
Categories: Film & Arts
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Welcome to the Membership Signup page.
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Подробное описание vet dubai у нас на сайте.
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Transa has created a new project for 2021 in re-releasing one of his old classics ‘Supernova’ with a fully re-mastered edition and new Binary Finary remix t be released on Vinyl…
The good old Vinyl format has made a welcome return to the music stores with more people buying the 12” wax records than ever before. For the trance music fan though it is very much slim picking sin the yard when it comes to new vinyl releases. Gone are the days when every single could be found hiding away in your local record store. The digital age nearly killed off the format a few years ago and trying to find a new trance record on Vinyl was like searching for a drop of water in the desert.
Thankfully though producers are now turning back to the format and putting out music again, not that much but at least we have a few to stock the shelf’s with. One such trance artist who has had many of his old tunes on Vinyl back in the explosion of the sound in the late 90’s is Transa. He is putting new life into the project with new and old music on the table for 2021, The first new Vinyl release from Transa in decades comes with a re-release of one of his old classic tunes ‘Supernova’. The original has been given the full re-mastered treatment and on the flip side comes a brand new Binary Finary remix.
:: 'Supernova' is now available to pre-order now
http://https://www.transa.co.uk
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New York > Queens County > Landmark #149933
Armstrong, Louis, House
Also known as: Louis Armstrong House Museum
34-56 107th St., Corona, New York
Louis Armstrong -- "Satchmo" to his world-wide legion of fans -- lived in this house from 1940 to 1971. One of America's most creative, influential, and popular musicians, he arranged, composed and played blues and jazz like no one else during his 55-year career. In the 1950s and 1960s, Satchmo took his trumpet around the world, giving concerts and serving as a goodwill ambasador sponsored by the U.S. Department of State. -- National Historic Landmark statement of significance, May 11, 1976
Ethnic Heritage - Black; Social History; Performing Arts
B - Person
Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong (1)
National Historic Landmark (2,197)
Queens County, New York (97)
February 2, 2018: New Street View added by Brian Bartlett
National Historic Landmark information
This page's URL is http://landmarkhunter.com/149933-armstrong-louis-house/
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A-5.02 - Funeral Operations Act
24. In addition to what is provided for in section 23, the Minister may suspend, revoke or refuse to renew a funeral services business licence, after consultation with the president of the Office de la protection du consommateur or on the president’s recommendation, if the licensee was found guilty of an offence under the Consumer Protection Act (chapter P-40.1) or an offence under the Act respecting arrangements for funeral services and sepultures (chapter A-23.001).
The Minister may also suspend, revoke or refuse to renew the funeral services business licence of a licensee who is insolvent.
2016, c. 12016, c. 1, s. 24; 2018, c. 142018, c. 14, s. 25.
24. In addition to what is provided for in section 23, the Minister may suspend, revoke or refuse to renew a funeral services business licence, after consultation with the president of the Office de la protection du consommateur or on the president’s recommendation, if the licensee was found guilty of an offence under the Consumer Protection Act (chapter P-40.1) or an offence under the Act respecting prearranged funeral services and sepultures (chapter A-23.001).
2016, c. 12016, c. 1, s. 24.
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Claude A. Desgagnes: Decisions, Comms and Confusion
Accident, Accident Investigation, Accident report, contact, contact/allison, grounding, pilot, pilotage
TSB’s report on the contact and grounding incident involving the general cargo vessel Claude A. Desgagnes as it entered Iroquois Lock in the St. Lawrence Seaway, is a tale of sticky decisions, poor communications and whose-in-charge confusion. One lesson is that once you’ve made a decision, keep in constantly under review.
Here’s the short version:
As the vessel proceeded downriver, the master and pilot spoke, but did not develop a shared understanding of the manoeuvre to be used in the approach to the Iroquois Lock. While the pilot had explained his plan to dredge the anchor to the officer of the watch (OOW) earlier in the voyage, the details of the plan were not relayed to the master when he arrived on the bridge.
Although the pilot later informed the master of his intention to carry out the manoeuvre in broad terms, the master did not confirm that he understood or agreed with the manoeuvre. Neither the master nor the pilot discussed the plan further as the vessel approached the lock entrance. When the master ordered that the vessel’s speed be reduced, the pilot advised against this due to the direction and force of the current at that time. Although the pilot requested the forward anchors be deployed, each time, the master declined.
When the vessel reached a critical point, close to the lock, the pilot once more requested the use of the anchor to slow down the vessel, but the master did not initiate the pilot’s orders. The anchor was not dredged, nor was any other means of slowing down the vessel employed; therefore the vessel continued on its path and struck the upper approach wall. Following the striking, the master and pilot attempted to realign the vessel; however, they were unable to regain control due to the vessel’s momentum, the wind, and the current. The vessel crossed the channel and ran aground.
One of the key decisions that had to be made was how to approach the lock wall. The pilot’s proposal to dredge the anchor as a means of slowing down the vessel was based on previous experience of using this method successfully with vessels having similar characteristics. Other factors included time, wind speed and direction, current, and the limited space available with a vessel ahead going through the lock.
Claude A. Desgagnes makes contact and hits the dirt.
However, the master decided that reducing the vessel’s speed using the main engine, instead of dredging the anchor, was the best course of action in the approach. His decision was based on prevailing conditions, his background, and his previous experience. This previous experience included work for a company where anchors were not permitted to be deployed in non-emergency situations or where there was less than a minimum of 3 metes of under-keel clearance.
That company requirement was based on an incident where another company vessel had deployed the anchor in the proximity of a lock but had overridden the anchor, causing damage to the vessel.
As we all know the master remains responsible for the safety of the vessel and conduct is held to be ‘to master’s orders and to pilot’s advice’.
Confusion reigned at the helm where the man at the wheel had difficulty knowing who had conduct of the vessel. Because the handing over over of the con was unclear, even ambiguous, the helmsman was getting orders from the pilot and the master at the same time. For example, as the vessel approached the lock entrance, the pilot requested the use of the starboard anchor in order to slow down the vessel and to dredge to port towards the upper approach wall. The master did not initiate the action. The pilot then told the master to take command and control of the vessel; however, this transfer was not repeated or confirmed. The pilot and master both continued to issue orders to the helmsman, who, at one point, decided to follow the master’s orders. The pilot also issued engine directions to the master, who performed them and repeated them back to the pilot.
Master and pilot exchanges are often though of as the chat that happened when the pilot boards then it’s over. As the TSB report says: “Master and pilot exchanges are a continuous process that starts from an initial, more formal, exchange and extends throughout the duration of the piloted voyage, as needed. Exchanges of information include agreements on plans and procedures, including contingency plans for the anticipated passage and discussions of any special conditions…Insufficient or poor exchanges can result in the bridge team not sharing a common understanding.
In other words, it is more akin to a conversation that ensures that everyone sings from the same song book. That did not happen on the Claude A. Desgagnes. They were not communicating effectively, did not agree on manoeuvres while approaching the lock, and did not discuss in detail their respective plans of action. A common understanding that ensures unity of action is achieved through open and interactive communication: open communication moves to closed-loop communication: Information is given by the issuer, repeated by the receiver, and re-confirmed by the issuer.
The pilot and the master both knew that the vessel’s speed of approach needed to be reduced; however, they each thought that their method was the best way to slow down the vessel in the approach, based on their individual experiences and knowledge. The pilot and master were not communicating with each other in sufficient detail to allow them to achieve a mutual understanding and “close the loop”; this negated timely agreement and optimal decision making. Although there was a formal master-pilot exchange at the beginning of the voyage that employed a detailed checklist, the exchange did not address the dredging manoeuvre that was planned by the pilot to slow down the vessel in this occurrence.
The pilot requested to have the anchor deployed and, each time, the master declined. The master at one point suggested that the speed be reduced using the main engine, but the pilot indicated that the direction and force of the current prevented that manoeuvre.
Misunderstandings between masters and pilots, often caused by a lack of adequate communication, are a significant factor in many marine occurrences involving piloted vessels. If bridge team members do not exchange information in order to achieve a mutual understanding of a vessel’s manoeuvres on an ongoing basis, there is a risk that crucial manoeuvres to ensure safe navigation will not be completed in a timely manner.
Pilot and master had made two separate but incompatible decisions about how to handle entry into the lock but had not actually reviewed those decisions. It’s tempting to make a decision and stick to it regardless but it isn’t always the best thing to do. TSB warns: “Decision making can be defined as a four-step sequence: gathering information, processing that information, making a decision based on possible options, and then acting on that decision. Once a decision has been implemented, the process starts over again as new information is gathered while monitoring the effects of the decision. Decisions can be influenced by a wide range of factors such as individual perception of the situation, experience, training, expectations, time constraints, and contextual elements. Once a decision is made, there is a tendency for an individual to continue with the selected course of action unless there are compelling reasons not to do so. Additionally, people will often seek out elements that reinforce and support, not contradict, the decision that has already been made. Past experience under similar circumstances can make people reluctant to select a different course of action.”
Looking for things that reinforce a decision rather than those that question it is called confirmation bias. It can be a hazardous habit. An as cognitive psychologists tell you, such bias actually effects how we perceived the data we see.
Download TSB Report
TSB report: A Safety Study of the Operational Relationship between Ship Masters/Watchkeeping Officers and Marine Pilots
[catlist name: pilot]
North Tug: Inexperience Led To Girting This Week’s Podcast: The Case of the Errant Hookers
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When it comes to the crunch - Unpaid overtime in the games industry
Shane Mason, a Solidarity Federation member, libcom poster and games industry worker writes about the practice of 'Crunch Time' - the long hours of unpaid overtime in the games industry and the reasons behind it.
Imagine if you had to give your company over fifteen hours of extra unpaid work a week. Imagine if you hadn’t been able to cook yourself a proper meal in over two months. Imagine if you came home late at night and left for work early in the morning, that’s if you even leave work at all. Welcome to the modern games industry!
The above is what is meant by the term ‘crunch time’, a phrase all too familiar to those in or around the games industry. Technically crunch time is any form of overtime (almost always unpaid) required by a game studio in order to complete a project on time. In reality however there are differing types of overtime, dependent on the country a company operates in, the particular labour laws they work under and whether or not they are owned by a large company. The type of crunching I do is technically voluntary. I say ‘technically’ because even though I could theoretically refuse to do any overtime, you can bet that I wouldn’t last very long with the company if I didn’t. Overtime may not be obligatory, but it is expected.
The other type of crunch time is mandatory unpaid overtime. This is every bit as soul-destroying as it sounds. Very common in North American games studios and those owned and run by big companies and publishers (such as EA, Activision, etc) where it is colloquially known as a ‘Death March’. In this case the company bosses have decided that the game will come out on release date X, with no schedule slippage allowed for. This is usually done for monetary reasons, where fears of a shrinking profit margin have grown too much for executives to bear. This decision inevitably means that huge amounts of work have to be compressed into incredibly small amounts of time. The solution to this problem is inevitably ‘Crunch Time’. This will usually involve working till late into the night (in extreme cases working overnight with little to no sleep), subsisting almost entirely on what cheap food (often junk) the company will provide and sometimes even going without weekend breaks – all without any pay.
This is not an exaggeration. For the upcoming first-person-shooter game ‘Homefront’ publisher THQ has said that the New-York based studio ‘Kaos’ has been put into a ‘seven-day’ crunch period for two months in order to meet their scheduled release date of March 8th, 2011. So this dev team have been working unpaid overtime, without weekends for two months. Yet this is not the worst the industry has to offer. EA’s CEO, John Riccitiello, admitted that they had the Vancouver-based Black Box studio on a near constant crunch churning out yearly additions to EA’s Need for Speed franchise for five years. He says that ‘those days are gone’ and that they now have the team on much healthier ‘bi-annual cycle’. While it’s true that doing a bi-annual release schedule is much less stressful than doing a game yearly, someone had better tell Riccitiello’s findings to the EA Sports division. Those studios are still churning out a game a year for their respective franchises, and I’d be surprised if they weren’t being crunched just as hard as the devs at Black Box were.
There have been one or two voices raised against the practice of crunch time, but they are often few and far between. We work in that most desirable of things, a creative industry. It’s common knowledge that for every single job in the games industry there are hundreds of people just waiting for their chance to get in – often influenced by very idealistic concepts of how the industry actually is. Combine this with a deliberately atomised work culture based around small, insular teams and there’s not much room for dissent. No one wants to be the one to put their head above the parapet. Yet even when arguments against crunch time are made, they often miss the heart of the matter.
The first argument often made is based around how crunching affects our ‘Quality of life’. This is most definitely an issue, as being on crunch time is an awful sensation. Your life becomes an endless cycle of work, sleep and take-away food. You may stop getting the chance to see your friends, families and loved ones. Your working environment can become filled with stress, tension and hair-trigger tempers. The negative effect that crunch time has on day-to-day life is certainly one of the worst things about it, but focusing on this as the only part of the problem is kind of missing the point. It implies that working long hours unpaid would be absolutely fine if it could just be made more pleasant. Yet the stresses and strains of crunch time are inherently intertwined with it. The game developer’s quality of life doesn’t take a hit because he is doing badly managed unpaid overtime, it’s because he’s doing that much unpaid overtime in the first place.
The second type of argument comes from the ‘pragmatic management school’ of thinking. It puts forth the rather radical idea that perhaps this level of rapid, intense overtime isn’t very good for productivity. I can tell you this is true from personal experience. When you’re undergoing a particularly bad crunch time you can just completely zone out. The food makes you feel ill, the lack of sleep makes you distracted, and it takes you a lot longer to do even the simplest of tasks you would otherwise have sailed through.
Yet this argument assumes that crunch time is something that companies should ideally avoid as being ‘bad for business’. You will often hear it said that crunch time happens because of ‘bad planning’. That the schedule was put together way too tight from the outset at which point management will turn around in desperation and decree crunch time in order to cover their own ineptitude. Yet this ignores the huge amounts of money made by big game companies who use crunch time the most. You don’t make those sort of profits without knowing exactly what you’re doing. Crunch time is used as a deliberate part of the game development cycle precisely because it works from the perspective of those who make their money at the top. Why was the schedule made so tight in the first place? Well, to save money on development costs and get a new title into stores as quick as possible. This drive to push games out quickly in order to maximise profits is what also drives companies to crunch their developers. Forcing such a large amount of free labour out of workers is another way to make more money out of a project, even if it is to the detriment of those workers’ lives and even to the quality of the project itself.
This is the true issue with crunch time, that it is a form of blatant economic exploitation. The quality of life issues suffered by developers when crunching are symptoms of a much deeper disease. Games industry workers will often say that they put up with crunch time because they love games and love working with them. Of course we do. Yet look at other creative industries, such as film or television. Those who work in their respective mediums love them just as much as we love ours, yet also get paid for the hours they work. It is not a radical demand that someone be paid for the work they do - whether they love that work or not. If we truly love games we should want to fight to end an industrial practice that harms not only us as workers, economically, physically and mentally, but also damages the games we make, by cutting creative endeavours down to fit a timescale defined by profit alone.
Yet even though the culture of crunch-time is currently ingrained in the industry, we do not have to put up with it. The only reason that companies get away with demanding their employees work crunch time is because we the workers put up with it. If every games industry worker refused to work a single hour’s overtime, what would happen? If crunch time was as necessary and inherent in the industry as companies claim, then the industry would simply die. We all know that wouldn’t happen. What would be far more likely to happen would be that companies would learn that they could no longer leave the workforce out of the equation when planning new projects. Schedules would have to be re-thought to take account of workers unwilling to suffer so much purely for the profits of their bosses. Unpaid overtime is only so common in the games industry because we allow it to be. If enough industry workers banded together and refused to do it, it would become unworkable and would no longer be so ubiquitous.
We’re obviously a long, long way away from anything like that happening in the industry, yet it helps to illustrate the point. We, as games industry workers, could choose to end crunch time if we truly wanted it to happen. It would need workers to stand together and support each other, both within a studio and across the whole industry, but it could be done. Our bosses can only dictate our lives and living conditions in this way if we allow them to do it. If we stand together and support one another, then we can be the ones to make the decisions, we can be the ones in control of our own lives. We want to work in an industry that helps produce the games we are passionate about, not just profits wrung from another late night with no pay.
We do this job because we love games. Let us work for our passion, not for our bosses’ profits.
From http://www.solfed.org.uk
When it comes to the crunch - Unpaid overtime in the games industry.pdf 134.86 KB
Shane Mason
When it comes to the crunch - Unpaid overtime in the games industry.pdf (134.86 KB)
thanks Auto, this was a really interesting insight into an industry rarely (if ever) examined from a workers standpoint. i've only ever been involved in hobbyist open source stuff and i thought that was stressful!
PS have you ever thought of applying sabotage as an industrial tactic - assuming you could band enough devs together? it could be seriously effective if need for speed's cars wont go above 5mph, or all the guns in a FPS are waterguns
There was a decent discussion on crunch time here where sabotage was mentioned, namely the Simcopter incident. That pushed back the release date but we're now in the age of mandatory updates for the games to actually work, so it could be patched out instantly. I think the last notable act of sabotage was a unhappy worker at Rockstar who had just got the boot, leaked a new release to torrents.
PS have you ever thought of applying sabotage as an industrial tactic - assuming you could band enough devs together? it could be seriously effective if need for speed's cars wont go above 5mph, or all the guns in a FPS are waterguns laugh out loud
The thing is, any form of direct action in the games industry would be ridiculously effective. The investment/profit risk in a game is incredibly high for shareholders and bosses. Add to that the fact that a game studio is effectively production bottlenecks as far as the eye can see (animators can't do animations without having character models, modellers can't do modelling without the artwork etc) and you have the recipie for very effective workplace action.
The main problem in the games industry is the culture. The way the games industry has generally worked is by burning out the old and exploiting the young. You get some guys in their early twenties who can't believe their luck that they're working in the industry and they'll put up with all the shit thrown at them. These same guys get to their thirties and fourties, burn out and say 'I'm done'. This kind of turnover means that games industry workers never get to build up enough of an 'us vs them' culture in order to take on their bosses over working conditions and creative control. Those who do stay in one place for a long time are often ground down into compliance. One of the worst sights to see in the games industry is a once creative and forthright person joylessly churning through another crappy iPhone port because 'that's just the way it is'.
I definitely think there is a space for worker organisation and resistance to open up in the games industry, but it's going to take a big culture shift. It'll be especially important for young workers in the industry to know their rights and not put up with the shit. If that happens then bosses will find it a lot harder to just cycle people onto the scrap heap and force down working conditions.
Hopefully I'm going to be writing more stuff about working in the games industry, so stay tuned...
i wonder if you could somehow get Anonymous involved
theres a sub-fraction called Anonymous Anarchist Action who work within Anonymous who would help initialize anything over the web that could possibly help with labour disputes
but as you said, its a question of social attitudes toward taking action not a technical issue.
perhaps anonymous (not the hacker group) threats of sabotage and acts of sabotage during periods when everyone is collectively pissed off during a crunch might help spark some solidarity or collective action... (i'm just throwing around ideas)
since its a creative industry with loads of eager scabs, anonymity might be the best protection so that they can't fire the "trouble-makers"
Mike Harman
Harrison Myers wrote:
Actually I think it's a bit of both while I've never worked in the games industry, on large technical projects in general there is a massive cycle of crunch and lulls - during the crunch the tendency is for people to try to power through it in the hope they can take it easy after launch. But then after launch, everyone is dispensable, so people have to look busy (and it's quite easy for companies to lay people off then if they want then).
A new game (or iphone app, website - anything else that is software) is completely different from a car factory or whatever - once the product is built, distribution is mostly online now (and if it's in shops, then the DVD printers are not going to be at all connected to the games company). While websites go down, and games have bugs in them, they can also keep running for days (if not months or years) without any human interaction. in some cases, say a games company where the website is run in-house, or they might host the centralised update system for the games - so there might be someone who could take it down/deface it and that might affect sales - but that person is going to be extremely easy to identify (unless they deliberately left avenues to sabotage in there - but that is also extremely risky compared to 'traditional' sabotage and with a much higher chance of getting caught). In many cases, the people who would end up being 'scabs' in such a situation are people working for the App store, or a hosting company - who'd just be asked to restore a backup, or move the site to a new server, or block a DDOS attack - all of which are routine tasks and they may not even realise they're scabbing.
So while the few months before a big deadline there is definitely a lot of power (and some areas in the industry have a high demand for workers, who are not easily replaced), it is very uneven over the overall lifecycle and there are a lot of weaknesses too.
yuumei
Auto wrote:
The main problem in the games industry is the culture. The way the games industry has generally worked is by burning out the old and exploiting the young. You get some guys in their early twenties who can't believe their luck that they're working in the industry and they'll put up with all the shit thrown at them.
I used to work in the games industry. There were a few 70+ hour weeks. I put up with it because I was a new graduate and probably wouldn't have gotten in otherwise. I did enjoy it sometimes, but the thing I find most disturbing is that only the really terrible games are like this - the publishers want the world on a stick in a short ammount of time to specification. If the companies actually let the employees be creative (It is a creative industry after all) and didn't have to rely on publishers there would be so many better games out there. And not just sims 4.
I have since moved on to just non-game related 3D. Much less stressful :3
yuumei wrote:
This, this, a thousand times, this.
Sabotaging a game isn't necessarily impossible, one game was made unplayable with a spelling mistake. It doesn't say if the person repsonsible faced any consequences or was even identified. Of course the company released the game broken and never fixed it, it was fixed by a modder 5 years later. Like is said in the article, the industry relies on exploiting young people and then drops them when they burn out (a bit like teaching in the UK and probably quite a lot of industries) IT isn't going to be an easy industry to reform because there are always a lot of people ready to replace the workers, but then gain, that argument is the basic argument used against any industrial action and it is rarely true. Scabs can't usually integrate seamlessly, even for 'unskilled' work. It doesn't always mean workers win unfortunately, but it costs the bosses more to beat us.
Reading this in 2019 unfortunately while crunch periods and other abuses are still very common in the industry there is more a pushback. Bigish games news services are taking a more hostile line with things like this and there are some signs of game dev workers pushing towards organisation.
https://youtu.be/E8G7zipy6bM
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Cradle of Filth Singer Recalls Being Stalked by ‘Reincarnation of Elizabeth Bathory’
Photo Credit: James Sharrock When your band becomes a cult phenomenon, it’s impossible to avoid those few fans peppered within your audience that take their dedication to insane levels. Fans will cover their rooms with your posters, ink your lyrics into their skin, or in the case of Cradle of Filth singer Dani Filth , the reincarnation of serial killer Elizabeth Bathory will claim to have been your lover in a past life. We recently had the pleasure of speaking with Dani Filth, who told us about some incredibly strange encounters with fans, but absolutely nothing we’ve ever heard comes close to this story. Be sure to read the entire tale, as an incredible twist occurs which would make M. Night Shyamalan blush. “There was one particular time for a while, and I won’t name the poor lass,” Dani begins, “but this girl was convinced that she was the reincarnation of Elizabeth Bathory and I was her husband in a previous life, which was pretty uncanny because we’ve written an album about Elizabeth Bathory called ‘Cruelty and the Beast.’ It was just like, “Oh, that’s handy isn’t it?” She was genuinely serious about it and she used to write these amazing letters, but it just got to the point where it felt a bit stalker-ish, then it all died down. Either her brain collapsed or she got better … either way.” He continues, “Later on, I was in a car with a runner [a person who gets items for a touring band] before a show; I think it was in Milwaukee actually, and halfway to Wal-Mart, I was like, ‘Hang about … Wal-Mart was that way … I’m not that silly.’ Then the guy starts telling me how estranged he was from his long lost, long loved girlfriend because she had become infatuated with me, and it suddenly dawned on me that this was the same girl. I was suddenly thinking, ‘I’m in a car with him, going the wrong way,’ thinking he was going to pull out a gun. Nothing of that sort happened, but for a minute there, it was like, ‘Christ!’ You had that sort of burning realization looking over you that this wasn’t going to go too well. The singer concludes, “It was one of those things where I was sort of half interested and half wanting to get where I was, and then suddenly, what he was saying sort of bored more and more into me and the penny dropped. It was like, ‘Oh, no, this may not end well here.’ [Laughs] It was weird, but he was a nice guy and he just wanted to get it off his chest, hence why he was driving around a bit. Stay tuned for our full interview with Dani Filth, where he talks about the band’s new album ‘The Manticore & Other Horrors,’ when the band will embark on a North American tour, more incredible fan interactions and much more. [button href=”http://loudwire.com/tags/cradle-of-filth” title=”Click Here for More Cradle of Filth News” align=”center”]
Posted in News Tags: a-car-with, a-past-life-, a-touring-band, james-sharrock, lyrics, news, read-the-entire, reincarnation
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Saudi Arabia says Houthis Will Not Be Allowed to Take Over Yemen
Iran has stepped up weapons transfers to the Houthis, the militia fighting the Saudi-backed government in Yemen, U.S., Western and Iranian officials tell Reuters, a development that threatens to prolong and intensify the 19-month-old war.
BEIJING, Aug 31 – Saudi Arabia’s foreign minister said on Wednesday the Iranian-allied Houthi movement would not be allowed to take over Yemen, as he accused Iran of seeking to sow unrest around the region.
The head of a Houthi-backed ruling council pledged readiness on Monday to resume negotiations on ending Yemen’s war but reserved the right to resist attacks by a Saudi-backed exiled government seeking to unseat it.
U.N.-sponsored talks to try to end 18 months of fighting collapsed in failure this month and the Houthi movement and allied forces loyal to former president Ali Abdullah Saleh resumed shelling into neighbouring Saudi Arabia.
The talks foundered after the Houthis and Saleh’s General People’s Congress (GPC) announced the formation of the 10-member governing council on Aug 6., ignoring a warning by U.N. Yemen envoy Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed that such a move would violate U.N. Security Council resolutions on how to solve the conflict.
Speaking to Reuters in Beijing, Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir said the ball was in the Houthis’ court as to whether peace talks resumed.
“What is certain, not questionable, certain, they will not be allowed to take over Yemen. Period. So the legitimate government will be defended,” al-Jubeir said.
“The chance they have is to enter the political process, reach an agreement … for the benefit of all Yemenis including the Houthis,” he said.
Saudi Arabia and its Arab allies accuse the Houthis of being pawns of Iran and have launched a military intervention to restore Hadi to power.
The Houthis have held on, having made an alliance with Saleh, who enjoys the support of most of the military.
The Houthis and the GPC hold most of Yemen’s northern half, while forces working for the exiled government share control of the rest of the country with tribes.
At least 10,000 people have been killed in Yemen’s 18-month-old civil war, the United Nations on Tuesday, approaching double the estimates of more than 6,000 cited by officials and aid workers for much of 2016.
Speaking earlier to students at a Beijing university, al-Jubeir lambasted Iran.
“We see Iran supporting Houthis in Yemen and trying to take over the government, supply weapons to the Houthis, smuggle explosives to Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia,” he said.
“We wish we could be as good neighbours like before the 1979 revolution,” al-Jubeir said.
“It’s up to Iran to mend its behaviour.”
[houthi movement], [iran], [Saudi Arabia], [Yemen]
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The Health Benefits of Manganese
Meet Your Daily Manganese Requirements With Dietary Sources
Walnuts are a good source of manganese. Angela Seiffert
Dietary manganese is a trace mineral found in tiny amounts in the human body, mostly in the bones, liver, pancreas, and kidneys. This essential nutrient is necessary for the body to function properly.
You can get enough manganese each day by eating a typical diet. Supplementation beyond the usual recommended daily intake is not necessary, and taking too many manganese supplements can lead to toxicity.
Manganese is necessary for the production of several enzymes and antioxidants that fight free radical damage and aid in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Manganese is also needed for a healthy nervous system and brain function.
People also take manganese supplements to treat certain medical conditions. For example, manganese supplements have been marketed in ways implying a benefit for people with arthritis (often combined with glucosamine and chondroitin), or osteoporosis. However, the science is unclear about whether or not manganese supplementation alone can provide a benefit.
Manganese supplements have also been marketed to people with diabetes. While manganese plays a role in glucose metabolism, the Linus Pauling Institute notes that there is no evidence that manganese supplements improve glucose tolerance in people with or without diabetes.
Manganese given intravenously with zinc and selenium has also been used to help people with COPD breathe on their own without the help of a machine. But it is too soon to tell if this treatment is effective and research is ongoing.
Manganese Deficiency
Manganese supplements have been shown to be effective in treating manganese deficiency. Manganese deficiency is associated with infertility, bone problems, altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and seizures. However, deficiency appears to be extremely rare.
Deficiency is most often seen in children who are on total parenteral nutrition (such as tube feeding) when those diets lacked manganese. You can get plenty of dietary manganese from both plant and animal sources to meet your needs. As such, there is more to worry about in getting overexposed to manganese rather than being deficient in it.
Consuming too much manganese may lead to manganese toxicity.
The Health and Medicine Division of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine says the tolerable upper limit (UL) for manganese is 11 milligrams per day for adults and about 9 milligrams per day for young teens. The UL is the highest daily amount that's thought to be safe.
Taking too much manganese may interfere with your ability to absorb iron from your diet. These two minerals share absorption and transport pathways. If you have a meal with a lot of manganese (or take manganese supplements) you will absorb less iron—and vice versa. It's possible that taking more than 11 milligrams per day could lead to cognitive problems.
The biggest sources of manganese toxicity have been from inhaled manganese dust from welding or smelting and ingested manganese from water contaminated with dry cell batteries. Cases of overexposure have also been seen in total parenteral nutrition, especially in newborns and infants. In cases of manganese overdose, Parkinson disease-like symptoms may develop, such as tremor or shaking, slower movements, or muscle rigidity.
Some bone health supplements have been marketed that are very high in manganese (16 to 20 times the recommended daily intake), which raises concerns of toxicity. If you're thinking about taking manganese supplements, speak to your healthcare provider first. Don't take more than the dosage recommended on the product label.
The Health and Medicine Division of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine determines the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for vitamins and minerals. The DRIs are based on the nutritional needs of the average healthy person. The DRIs for manganese are based on age and sex. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding need just a little more.
1 to 3 years: 1.2 milligrams per day
9 to 18 years: 1.6 milligrams per day
19 years and older: 1.8 milligrams per day
Women who are pregnant: 2.0 milligrams per day
Women who are breastfeeding: 2.6 milligrams per day
14 to 18 years: 2.2 milligrams per day
Eating a diet that includes a variety of plant sources of food will give you plenty of manganese. This trace mineral is essential for health but you are unlikely to develop a deficiency or see a benefit due to taking more than the recommended daily intake.
Dietary manganese is found in nuts, seeds, legumes (like lentils and dry beans), whole grains (such as wheat and oats), and pineapples. You will also get manganese from animal sources. If you are a vegetarian or you eat a typical Western-type diet, you are already getting more than the dietary reference intake each day. Manganese is stable in foods when cooked.
Examples of foods that supply you with a significant portion of your daily needs per serving include:
Pineapple (raw pineapple or pineapple juice)
Pecans, almonds, hazelnuts, and peanuts
Chia seeds, sesame seeds, flaxseeds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds
Spinach, Swiss chard, collard greens, kale, mustard greens, turnip greens
Raspberries, strawberries
Soybeans, tofu, tempeh
Garbanzo beans, lima beans, navy beans, pinto beans, pinto beans, black beans
Seafood such as mussels, clams, and crayfish
Spices such as cloves, cinnamon, black pepper, turmeric
Lastly, if you choose to buy a manganese supplement, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends that you look for a Supplement Facts label on the product that you buy. This label will contain vital information including the amount of active ingredients per serving, and information about other added ingredients.
The organization also suggests that you look for a product that contains a seal of approval from a third party organization that provides quality testing. These organizations include U.S. Pharmacopeia, ConsumerLab.com, and NSF International. A seal of approval from one of these organizations does not guarantee the product's safety or effectiveness but it does provide assurance that the product was properly manufactured, contains the ingredients listed on the label, and does not contain harmful levels of contaminants.
Higdon J, Drake VJ. Manganese. Oregon State University. Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center. Updated March 2010.
Health and Medicine Division of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In: Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, editors. Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006: 350-355.
Manganese. Fact Sheet for Health Professionals National Institutes of Health. Updated June 3, 2020
MedlinePlus. Manganese. Updated March 16, 2020.
National Institutes of Health. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know. Updated April 7, 2020.
Zinc Requirements and Dietary Sources
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Policy and Procedures for the Dismissal of Churches in the Pittsburgh Presbytery
Download "Policy and Procedures for the Dismissal of Churches in the Pittsburgh Presbytery"
Rosalyn Campbell
1 1 Policy and Procedures for the Dismissal of Churches in the Pittsburgh Presbytery 1. Introduction As Christians, as the Church, we embody Christ in the here and now. We celebrate Christ s resurrection. We rejoice in the living, Triune God. Our hands, our hearts, our minds, and our spirits become the vessels, the instruments, which God calls and uses to share God s blessings and love with each other and the whole of creation.... [T]he members of the body that seem to be weaker are indispensable and those members of the body that we think less honorable we clothe with greater honor, and our less respectable members are treated with greater respect; whereas our more respectable members do not need this. But God has so arranged the body, giving the greater honor to the inferior member that there may be no dissension with the body, but the members may have the same care for one another. If one member suffers, all suffer together with it; if one member is honored, all rejoice together with it. Now you are the body of Christ and individually members of it. (1 Cor. 12:22-27) Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit, and there are varieties of services, but the same Lord; and there are varieties of activities, but it is the same God who activates all of them in everyone. To each is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good. (1 Cor. 12:4-7) However, when disagreement, sometimes vehement, pulls at the community, God is still with us. As God s children, we are gathered up and asked to extend forgiveness and strive for reconciliation. The gift of grace, which we have been so generously and freely given, is to be shared with one another. The other cheek is to be turned. The merciful and the peacemakers will be and are blessed. We, individually and corporately, stand in the need of grace. Differences which are untended can become chasms that divide us. As Presbyterians, we have struggled for decades over certain theological and Biblical teachings, and we realize that persons of strong faith and understanding can differ in their understandings of Scripture and in ministry practice. These differences can divide us. We hope that what we share in common namely, faith in the living God, Father, Son and Spirit, a deep and rich shared history, and a dedication to the great ends of the church will sustain us in communion with one another. We have much to learn from one another. The Spirit is always at work within us, calling us to listen in all humility to one another. We fervently pray to sustain the connectional nature of the faith community called the Presbyterian Church (USA). With God, all things are possible. (Matthew 19:26) If a congregation of the Presbyterian Church (USA) desires to leave the denomination, God first of all weeps for and with us as the body of Christ. The body s gifts are separated from each other; both the congregation and the denomination suffer the loss. To reconcile and to heal is our deepest hope and prayer. Together, we are the body of Christ; we are God s Church; we are the instruments of the Holy Spirit. As a Presbytery, we pray for unity, but commit ourselves to working through any separation in the name of the God who so graciously loves us, and as a denomination, as churches and as individuals, gives us the gift of life.
2 2 Therefore, Pittsburgh Presbytery sets forth the following process to guide us into graceful consideration of the best way to resolve our differences. 2. Dismissal to a Reformed Body Congregations seeking dismissal from Pittsburgh Presbytery must become part of another Reformed body satisfactory to the Presbytery. For purposes of this policy a Reformed body is any denomination or other association recognized by the World Communion of Reformed Churches (WCRC) or other reformed denomination determined to be acceptable to the Pittsburgh Presbytery. (Note: Dismissal of teaching elders is a separate matter to be individually pursued by each pastor wishing to be dismissed.) The Presbytery shall appoint an ad hoc committee [or refer to the Commission on Ministry the task] to examine the faith and order of a body proposed to receive a congregation. The committee shall advise the presbytery whether the receiving body is; a. doctrinally consistent with the essentials of Reformed theology as understood by the presbytery; b. governed by a polity that is consistent in form and structure with that of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A); c. of sufficient permanence to offer reasonable assurance that the congregation is not being dismissed to de facto independence. 3. The Trust Clause This policy acknowledges that according to the Book of Order of the PC(USA): All property held by or for a particular congregation, a presbytery, a synod, the General Assembly, or the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), whether legal title is lodged in a corporation, a trustee or trustees, or an incorporated association, and whether the property is used in programs of a particular congregation or of a higher council or retained for the production of income, is held in trust nevertheless for the use and benefit of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (G4-0203) 4. Initiating the Dismissal Process The date that Pittsburgh Presbytery s Executive Committee confirms in writing the receipt of written notice from a congregation s Session that the congregation wishes to enter a discernment process with Presbytery that could result in dismissal marks the beginning of a not-less-than 6 month and not more than 12 month discernment time. (Note: See the document A Process for Discerning God s Will in the Relationship between Pittsburgh Presbytery and Congregations for an outline of the discernment process.) A Discernment Team (DT) will be appointed as per the process. During the time of discernment presbytery representatives shall be part of the mutual discernment process with the congregation. The Book of Order G a stipulates that when a presbytery uses its power and oversight responsibilities to merge, dismiss or dissolve congregations that this is to be done in consultation with their members. Both parties (i.e. the session and the DT) may agree to extend the discernment process for a specific period of time.
3 3 5. Time of Discernment See the document A Process for Discerning God s Will in the Relationship Between Pittsburgh Presbytery and Congregations 6. Basic Values and Understandings of the Dismissal Process During any discussions regarding a congregation s request to be dismissed by the Pittsburgh Presbytery from the Presbyterian Church (USA), the respective parties agree that: a. All parties choose to stay out of the civil courts as litigation is deadly to the cause of Christ and our witness to Christ in the world around us (Resolution adopted by the 218 th General Assembly); b. No acts or impressions of intimidation will be tolerated; c. At every interaction between presbytery representatives and members of a congregation prayer, for all involved, will begin and conclude each meeting; d. Open discussion with the congregation by the Presbytery will be extended and permitted before and/or leading up to any polling of the members of the congregation to advise the presbytery on their preferences regarding dismissal; e. Honesty and transparency by all parties is expected; f. Once entering this process, all parties agree to abide by this policy; Teaching and ruling elders shall abide by their ordination vows. W g. The congregation will disclose its membership addresses to the Presbytery at least 60 days before any congregational polling on requesting dismissal, so that the Presbytery may contact the members directly [in specific circumstances in which a congregational member would object to an address being disclosed, the session would mail the Presbytery s sealed communication to that member]; h. The session will neither specially purge the rolls, nor specially add to the rolls, leading up to a congregational poll (normal roll maintenance continues);
4 4 7. The First Polling of the Congregation After the discernment period has concluded and if the session desires the congregation to continue in the process toward dismissal, there is to be a first gathering of the members of the congregation to advise the Presbytery of the wishes of the members regarding dismissal. Church membership will be based on the total number of members officially reported to the Office of the General Assembly on the 31st of December of the year immediately preceding the vote, but adjusted through normal roll maintenance. At least a simple majority of the total membership must support dismissal. The polling meeting will be moderated by a DT member or a presbytery representative chosen by the DT.. This first poll is considered preliminary and advisory only, authorizing proceeding to the development of a negotiated dismissal agreement that must be confirmed by both the Presbytery and the congregation. a. When the Discernment Team Reports a Continuation of Fellowship- After completing the required process, the DT makes a report to the EC. If it has been decided that the congregation and the Presbytery are still called by God to continue in covenant relationship, the DT and the session will work together to craft a process to acknowledge the learnings from the process, past differences, seek reconciliation if necessary, and covenant for a healthy relationship. b. When the DT Reports that the congregation desires to continue in the process towards dismissal to another reformed body- When a simple majority of the a congregation s total membership polls in favor of departure, the DT shall report this result to the EC along with any recommendations. An Administrative Commission (AC) will be formed, and the dismissal process continues according to this policy. c. In situations where there is a split vote- When the DT reports that the polling did not attain the required level of votes for continuing the process toward dismissal, and the congregation is sufficiently split over the decision, the DT may decide, after consultation with the session that the congregation is in schism. The DT shall report its recommendation to the Executive Committee and request that an Administrative Commission (AC) be formed according to this policy. 8. Formation of an Administrative Commission If a simple majority of the congregation s total membership votes to continue the process toward dismissal, an Administrative Commission (AC) will be formed pursuant to Book of Order G and will engage in discussions and negotiations as a representative of Pittsburgh Presbytery with the congregation. a. The Administrative Commission shall: i. Be trained and oriented by the Stated Clerk, and/or others appointed by the Executive Committee regarding process, the history of the church with the presbytery, and all criteria that should be covered by the AC as well as, appropriate items to be included in any dismissal agreement.
5 5 ii. Shall include as many members of the DT as possible for the sake of continuity. Branch ministers may resource AC s in an ex officio/advisory capacity. iii. Be oriented to an understanding of the trust clause in the Book of Order G b. The Administrative Commission shall have the following powers i. To consult with the members of the congregation concerning the dismissal of the congregation, and to convene gatherings of the members of the congregation for consultation; ii. To examine minutes, papers, and records of the session and congregation; iii. To conduct hearings and to determine whether a disagreement among the members concerning dismissal constitutes schism; iv. If there is schism, to conduct hearings and to determine whether reconciliation of a schism is possible; v. If there is irreconcilable schism, to conduct hearings and to determine whether a faction within the congregation should be identified as the true church within the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.); and to determine, upon recommendation, the disposition of all church property held in trust for the PCUSA (G ). vi. To represent the Presbytery in settlement negotiations with the session or its representatives; vii. To present its findings and recommendations to the Presbytery. 9. Season of Negotiation A season of negotiation will then be entered into between the AC and the session or its appointed representatives, to develop a dismissal agreement. This will be done on a congregation-by-congregation basis, i.e., any dismissal is on a case-by-case analysis. The negotiations will include analysis of any financial settlement involved in a dismissal. Any financial settlement will reflect, but not be limited to, the following considerations: a. An understanding of the trust clause of the Book of Order G ; b. a gracious witness policy that considers the impact of any such agreement upon the ability of the Presbytery and the congregation to continue its mission in the nearby vicinity; c. Provisions for ongoing local spiritual care for members wishing to remain affiliated with the PC(USA); d. Directives that endowments/trusts/memorials of the congregation stay within the PC(USA); that were stipulated to the PC(USA) or its predecessor entities. Endowments left to the larger Church must stay
6 6 within the PC(USA); conversely, endowments/trusts/memorials not so stipulated will ordinarily remain with the dismissed congregation; e. Agreed removal of PC(USA) memorial plaques and signage; f. Size of membership; g. Financial statements of the congregation for a past number of years; h. History of per capita payments by the congregation; i. History of all loans and property purchases, sales and transfers approved by the presbytery. This is in compliance with an understanding of the Book of Order Trust clause. j. Property valuations of physical plant, real estate and potential or current oil, gas, and mineral rights/leases. It would be appropriate to have an appraisal of all properties completed by an outside, independent appraiser jointly chosen by the AC and session. Appraisal fees to be paid for by the congregation seeking dismissal. 10. Arbitration- When an Agreement Cannot be Reached If, after prayerful discernment and discussion, an agreement on a financial settlement cannot be reached, the financial portion of the dismissal agreement will be decided by binding arbitration. Presbytery and the church seeking dismissal shall each choose an arbitrator and these arbitrators shall choose a neutral chairperson. These arbitrators will then direct the proceedings in order to allow Presbytery and the church seeking dismissal to present their respective positions orally and in writing with a decision to be made following the submissions forthwith. Nothing in this policy prevents the arbitrators from assisting the parties in negotiating an agreement for a financial settlement. Expenses for any arbitration process will be shared equally between the Presbytery and the church seeking dismissal. 11. The Financial Settlement Portion of the Agreement The financial settlement plan will ensure that a dismissal action will neither create nor extend to Pittsburgh Presbytery any new encumbrance. Further, no dismissal action will leave Pittsburgh Presbytery holding any liability or mortgage related to a dismissed property. The financial settlement plan will be combined with any other non-financial considerations such as removal of signage or member care for those members choosing to remain affiliated with the PC(USA), etc., to form a dismissal agreement. The final dismissal agreement may include such things as: a reversionary clause for the property (e.g. if it were to be sold, or closes, or ceases to exist for Christian worship), considerations for a percentage of oil, gas, and mineral rights to be paid to the presbytery for a set number of years, the ability of the Presbytery to have the first right of refusal if the church property is to be sold within a set number of years etc. Each dismissal agreement is negotiated on a case-by case basis.
7 7 12. A Second Polling of the Congregation After an agreement is reached on all financial and non-financial matters, a second Presbytery consultation with members of the congregation will be convened to specifically poll the congregation on a final dismissal agreement. At least fifty percent of the membership must be present and seventy five percent of those present must vote in favor of the agreement. 13. Vote of Presbytery on Dismissal When the Administrative Commission finds that a majority of the members of the congregation desire dismissal in accord with the dismissal agreement, the Commission shall report its findings to the Presbytery. A vote of the Presbytery for dismissal will be made with approval by a simple majority vote. 14. Fulfillment of Agreement Following Presbytery approval, payment in full of any financial settlement by the congregation and any agreed upon removal of memorial plaques and signage shall be completed within 90 days of approval for dismissal by the Presbytery. Within this same period all historic original congregational minutes, rolls and registers will be turned over to the Presbytery with the congregation retaining a copy at its own expense. Similarly, the Presbytery at any dismissal of a congregation, which includes a disposition of real property (e.g. buildings, land, camp, oil, gas, or mineral rights, etc.), would appropriately and legally relinquish all legal rights to the property within this same 90 day period in accord with the terms of the final dismissal agreement.
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Mass Media Revolution Success in Brazil
The whole system which was previously working in these conquered territories was destroyed. There are many different examples of this change. The African tribal system was uprooted and destroyed which is still resulting in civil wars in that region. The landlord concept was introduced in Zimbabwe which led to a bloody civil war and eventual removal of these landlords.Similarly, in Brazil, the colonies were interested in the sugarcane industry of Brazil. A dispersed village population could not produce this crop on a mega scale and fulfill the needs of the colonizers. Therefore a new system was set up. A few individuals both locals and colonizers were given vast areas of land. They were to control and manage their own separate regimes to ensure there was no outbreak against the colonizers. This has a twofold advantage. The colonizers could totally control the people through their landlords and moreover, a consistent supply of sugar cane was made possible. To further spoil the already disturbed society slaves were brought in from Africa to work on these farms as labor. For centuries this system has prevailed. The reason for this discussion to establish the understanding that any movement would not be successful until it is backed by a social and economic revolution. The workers on these farms have been kept away from independence and education for centuries. Therefore in order to have a successful chance at uniting them and liberating them from this tyranny, awareness and economic opportunity are required.The sugar trade had been replaced by the gold rush in the 18th century.This however as expected did not last long. Soon after independence, Brazil became the largest exporter of coffee in the world.
Doping and Violence in Sports
Accounting Society and Enviroment
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NSA Blowback: German Counterespionage Pushed to Step Up
The Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution faces growing pressure to step up its counterespionage measures.
October 31, 2013 By Jörg Diehl – Spiegel.de
Amid the continuing NSA scandal, the German intelligence community is being pushed to do more to counter US spying. But with limited resources and a complex bureaucracy, that may not be easy.
Fragmented System
The assertion on the part of Germany's counterintelligence agencies that they knew nothing of the US' spying has met with disbelief. Some are now calling for these authorities to step up their counterespionage efforts and take a close look at what their allies' intelligence agencies are doing. This begs the question, however, of where exactly to find the staff and funding for such measures. Budgets are limited and there is already a high priority -- also a result of considerable political pressure -- placed on the target areas of terrorism and right-wing extremism.
Another aspect that experts find problematic is the fragmented, federal structure of German counterintelligence. In addition to the BFV, the Military Counterintelligence Service (MAD), the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) -- Germany's foreign intelligence agency -- and the country's 16 state-level counterparts to the BFV likewise have areas of nominal jurisdiction. But these latter organizations in particular rarely have enough personnel to put up much resistance to enemy agencies.
German federal-level counterintelligence agents have tried to deal with this chaos by holding regular conferences. In late 2012, the various agencies agreed to meet and make joint decisions four times a year, either at the BFV's headquarters in Cologne or at the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) in nearby Meckenheim. So far, though, not much has come of that plan, says one person who was present when the agreement was reached.
Published by RP Defense - dans Europe & USA Germany BFV BND MAD Renseignement counterespionage Bundesnachrichtendienst Deutschland Intelligence
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News / Features / Interviews / Movies / Article
Dwayne Johnson Touts Hercules at CinemaCon
The Rock himself, Dwayne Johnson, was at CinemaCon today to promote his upcoming adventure epic Hercules wherein he plays the mythological hero. The new trailer, seen below, debuted online today, but Johnson screened it for IGN and other members of the invited press Monday at a Paramount Pictures brunch, during which time he also participated in a Q&A.
Brett Ratner directs Hercules, which also stars Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell, Joseph Fiennes, Peter Mullan, John Hurt, and Rebecca Ferguson. the film is based on the graphic novel Hercules: The Thracian Wars. The official plot synopsis for the Paramount/MGM film follows:
“Everyone knows the legend of Hercules and his twelve labors. Our story begins after the labors, and after the legend…Haunted by a sin from his past, Hercules has become a mercenary. Along with five faithful companions, he travels ancient Greece selling his services for gold and using his legendary reputation to intimidate enemies. But when the benevolent ruler of Thrace and his daughter seek Hercules’ help to defeat a savage and terrifying warlord, Hercules finds that in order for good to triumph and justice to prevail… he must again become the hero he once was… he must embrace his own myth… he must be Hercules.”
Dwayne Johnson stars as Hercules.
Here’s what Johnson had to tell us about making Hercules and more:
Question: I’m very curious about the balance between playing it real versus fantasy. Is it like 300 exaggeration?
Dwayne Johnson: Well, there had been a few iterations in the past of Hercules. The idea was to take the spirit of the graphic novel, which we liked, and then create a script and a story based on that that still gave a very unique twist on the story of Hercules. But we also pay attention, respect and homage to the mythology of Hercules as it relates to the 12 Labors and the group that Hercules had around him, the anguish that he had to go through with the death of his family and things like that. So the goal was to strike a nice balance between, again, a unique twist on the story, and yet at the same time make sure that we still paid homage to the mythology of Hercules.
Question: Since Hercules is public domain, what is it about the graphic novel that made it so specific that you guys wanted to go for that version?
Johnson: You know what it was? It was taking a lot of elements of the mythology, of Hercules, and tweaking them, where ultimately at the end, the greatest thing Hercules can accomplish is accepting his fate and his faith. His faith then becomes his most powerful asset. A lot of times in the past there was — you know, we didn’t want to rely completely on the fables and fantasy elements. We wanted to have some roots being grounded in something. We all felt, by the way, that we were able to strike the balance correctly, where we still paid homage to the Labors and the story of Hercules, but we also made sure that it was really rooted and grounded in something that was very real and something that was palpable to us, today. That palpability would be, you find great power when you have faith — and not necessarily a religious faith, but just the faith in that things can be better.
Question: What about Hercules’s lineage and the fact that his father is a god? Are you going to continue that, about Zeus and all that stuff, or do you have to stay away from that?
Johnson: Buddy, no! [Laughs] Yeah, absolutely, yeah… You know what happens? When we first meet this version of Hercules, he’s gone through a tremendous amount of trauma and anguish over the fact that he’d murdered his family. So when we see him and he’s introduced in this story, he doesn’t care about his faith, and he doesn’t care about who he is, who everyone claims him to be. It doesn’t matter to him, because he doesn’t have his family.
Question: I think I saw Hydra and Cerberus and the lion, obviously. What other monsters are we going to see? Are they all rooted in his history?
Johnson: Well, yes, in the 12 Labors?
Question: Yes, exactly.
Johnson: Yes, we see most of them, and the other ones we know he accomplished. So basically, yes, when we see Hercules now, he’s already accomplished these 12 Labors. He’s accomplished them. You see the footage of that, of him doing it. So there’s a few that we didn’t actually see, like the Belt of Hippolyte.
Question: What is the tone of this film? Is it completely a strict drama? Do you have comedic elements in it? That is something you bring to your projects sometimes.
Johnson: The tone is a nice, even balance. I think of Gladiator and 300. There’s also personality in the movie. There’s fun. There’s some wink in the movie in a way that makes the audience feel good.
Question: Is Hercules a completely strict guy and everyone around him is kind of a bit funnier, or do you have a few one-liners yourself?
Johsnon: Yeah, a few one-liners, sure. I think that always makes it fun, trying to create a heroic character and putting your own twist on it and injecting your own personality into it. You know, the group of actors we had around, everybody came with their A game, all ready to make something that was really, really special. All the actors came on-board knowing that there was another Hercules already being made, knowing that there were other versions of Hercules in the past, in movies and on TV. So everyone got together and wanted to pay homage to the mythology and bring their unique twist.
Question: For anybody who follows you on Twitter, can you talk a little bit about the revealing of the look of Hercules? That was something you guys kind of cloaked in mystery for awhile. Can you talk about the reasoning for that and the process of coming up with the look?
Johnson: Well, the reasoning for that was to try and maintain the level of secrecy in terms of the reveal of what Hercules looked like. The reason for that was because it was going to be a complete transformation. For me, as you see me today, I showed up in Budapest like this, so the transformation was probably about three and a half hours a day. It started off at four and a half hours. We really had to — you just can’t make a movie when… [Laughs] Otherwise, the budget balloons. So in the idea of the complete transformation, we really wanted to do our best to make sure that it wasn’t revealed, especially if we knew that it was going to be as special — or at least we hoped it was going to be as special — as we could create it. So what we did was, they got the best wigmakers in Hollywood — in the world, by the way — and beard designers and beard-makers, Oscar winners, all helping to create the transformation. So that’s why it took so long. For example, the beard that I had was the full beard, and a lot of times in Hollywood, as you guys know, it’s a lace beard that we put on, and they take 30, 45 minutes, an hour tops. This took two and half hours — three hours, because we had very long strips of yak hair — really, yak hair — and they would cut them up probably and inch long and a quarter inch wide, and the process was, they would lay these on my face piece by piece by piece by piece. It was a very, very long process. But in that, what you get is something that is really spectacular. The first couple of days of camera testing and seeing it and recognizing, “Hey, we’ve got something really special. Let’s do our best to make sure that nothing is revealed.” So there was a strict mandate that there were no cameras on set. We fired tens upon tens upon tens of people throughout the process. I would say maybe close to 50 people were fired, crew members, all trying to sneak pictures. So there’s that. There’s mandate, and we all agree on that. But then I told the studio… those guys at Paramount [and MGM], I said, “Hey, what I’d like to do is take the audience and the fans on a journey from beginning to end, because it’s such a passion project for me. So from the time I get to Budapest, I’d like to take them on a journey in terms of what my diet is, what my training is and on set too.” They said, “Well, how are you going to do that?” I said, “Well, trust me. Somehow I’m going to do it.” So that’s how we came upon all the pictures, however we could do it, where I wasn’t necessarily showing my face, but giving the audience a taste of what it’s like on set and how things have been going.
Question: With regard to the physicality, obviously, you know what you’re doing when it comes to preparing for roles.
Johnson: I can fake it pretty good.
Question: What was new on this one? A special jump or something, a sword something?
Johnson: [Laughs] In the loin cloth, it’s an interesting jump. Well, in terms of the fighting style, I thought it was a very raw fighting style. That had a lot to do with club combat, because Hercules has his famous club. So that was a fun fighting style, because it didn’t involve any guns or a specialized fighting style other than he is just a vicious, raw man who is pretty good at what he does. Really, that’s it. But the training — not necessarily the fighting training, but the training in terms of gym training and things like that, that was a lot different than I had ever done. I trained harder for this role than I ever had before. You get one shot at Hercules, so it was about eight months of training, of prep, of fun mythology study, dialect coach, things like that. It was a very long process.
Question: Did you do anything crazy like rip somebody’s head off or something else that you’d never done before?
Johnson: Well, I’ve never ripped anybody’s head off — except in my dreams — but no, nothing, yeah.
Question: What about Brett Ratner, because he’s not the most conventional director you’d think of for this kind of thing?
Johnson: So there were a lot of directors who had their hands up — a lot of directors coming in at first. I thought Pete Berg was going to direct it. We had talked about that. Then we went in a different direction and met with a lot of different directors. Then we met with Brett. Brett came to the table very passionate about the project — as are all directors, by the way; they’re very passionate about the project — but I think the difference with Brett was that — and I’ve known Brett for a long time. I got a Brett at a very special time. What I mean by that is he has had great success, he’s been down, he’s gotten back up. It’s in that come-up that I was able to get Brett. He knew he had this incredible opportunity. He was very passionate about the project, very passionate about Hercules and very passionate about doing something that was very special. Also, I got a very hungry Brett Ratner. You guys have known Brett for a long time. You know he’s a great guy, he’s a talented guy, he’s a fun guy. It was good to see him at this level and raise his game.
Question: Who was your Hercules growing up? Steve Reeves, Lou Ferrigno? Who was the character for you?
Johnson: It was always Steve Reeves, yeah. That’s a great question. Always Steve Reeves. When I was a kid, I was always enamored by — I appreciated the movies, and I was able to see them on VHS when I was a kid, but I was so enamored by the one-sheets and the posters. I had them in my room when I was a kid. So yeah, it was always Steve Reeves. He’s the first one, you know?
Question: Is there an homage to Steve Reeves in this?
Johnson: That’s a good question. Well, you can’t match his looks, you know? Good-looking guy. [Laughs] No, other than just paying great respect. I appreciate Steve, because Steve, he was the very first Hercules and just a good-looking guy, movie star.
Question: Was he an inspiration for you to get into bodybuilding?
Johnson: No, he was a little bit before my time, I think. It started for me when I was 14. When I was a kid, we were in Hawaii — and I might have shared this story before with you guys, but it wound up being one of those definitive stories in my life. When I was a kid at 14, and we were in Hawaii, we were evicted out of our little efficiency. We came home and it had a padlock on the door. I saw my mom crying — it was me and my mom — and she was tapped out. There was nothing we could do, padlock on the door. I just remember at that time thinking I never wanted this to happen again, so I wanted to become a success somehow so we’d never get locked out again and never get evicted. So in my mind at that time, at 14, the men who were successful were Stallone and Schwarzenegger and guys like that — Harrison Ford — who were these men of action. I was like, “Okay, they’re successful, they’re not getting evicted, they built their bodies — I’m gonna go build my body.” It was like that. [Laughs]
Question: You mentioned the raw combat style. What is the violence level of this film? Is it really brutal?
Johnson: It’s PG-13. We pushed the limit. What’s great I think is that when you have a project like this, where the fighting style is brutality — and it’s that fun brutality, in a way that you know that you’re PG-13, so “Let’s get creative.” A lot of times, as you guys know, it’s about how much blood you see — and intention; the intention to brutalize is high, but we try to keep the blood as minimal as possible. I think you’re going to be happy, if you have a thirst for that, like occasionally I do. [Laughs]
Question: You mentioned all the work you put into the beard, and then we see you in the lion’s head. I’m just curious how much work you put into making that look real and authentic to the times, and how did it feel to finally wear that?
Johnson: We have the best costume designers. Again, with a project like this, I was very happy to — at the time when we were putting this on its feet, I had G.I. Joe coming out, and then Pain & Gain, and then Fast & Furious; it was a long string of movies that I had coming out. So I was getting all these reports from our producers and the studio saying, “Hey, this is our DP,” “Hey, this is our set designer,” “Hey, this is our wardrobe designer.” They were all, again, award-winning designers. To answer your question, there was so much passion put into the design of the wardrobe and everything that was on set. So when you see the armor and the lion head, the club, it all looks very real and authentic. In Budapest, I took the club home with me every night back to the room, and the lion head.
Question: [Laughs] Every night?
Johnson: Yeah, just a habit, to remain in the spirit. It kept me sane with those two things — and a bottle of tequila. [Laughs]
Question: Speaking of Pain & Gain, that was my favorite performance of yours.
Johnson: Thank you, man.
Question: Is there a difference in how you approach that kind of character versus how you approach a demigod like Hercules, or is it the same process for you coming into it?
Johnson: It’s pretty much the same process, especially with those two characters, where they’re a bit heightened, and yet at the same time you still want to ground them in some reality and some humanity. There’s an empathy to them as well, because to compare both of those characters, I mean, they’re both big characters with a lot of things going on, and a lot of violence happening with both of these men. But yeah, it’s pretty much the same process. I have a specific set of tools that I like to continue to add to as the years progress and the movies progress, and then bring that to these characters.
Question: There’s some pathos to that character in Pain & Gain. Is there that same kind of thing with Hercules, with his family? Do you bring that same sort of element in?
Johnson: There is, yes. That’s a great comparison. I never drew the parallels until now, now that you’re talking about it, but yes. For me, as an actor and then going into Hercules, finding Hercules like this — this is why for me it’s been a passion project for 10 years. I’m so grateful that I didn’t make it when I first asked about it. I first asked about it when I came to Hollywood 14 years ago. I asked about Hercules and Walking Tall, but at that time I was actually shooting Scorpion King, so it was a little close. I’m happy I didn’t make it back then, because I couldn’t have brought I think the same weight and substance, just living as a man and having the experiences I’ve had today. So what I loved about this version of Hercules was that he was older, he was more experienced. When we meet him, he’s going through a lot of pain, and he has no family. His family’s been murdered.
Question: Do you want to tell just one story as Hercules, or would you want to go through it all again and do another film?
Johnson: Sure, sure. It all depends obviously on the box office and how much fans enjoy it. If they enjoy it, one of the cool qualities about Hercules is that the stories and the mythology of Hercules, they continue. They continue, where he teams up with Jason and the Argonauts. So there’s a lot of different ways we can go. Yeah, I’d love to. Sure.
Question: Did you have any acting pals that begged to come on and do a cameo in this one or go into that world with you? Not that I want to see Mark Wahlberg as Jason.
Johnson: [Laughs] Well, I’m not giving anything away, but there was a moment where — and we just couldn’t make the schedules align — it was going to me and Russell Crowe, and we were going to set something up. But that’s done with… Maybe down the road — but, you know, just to give you an idea of just how exciting and the different ways we can go. There are a lot of different characters that Hercules comes in contact with.
Question: You filmed in Budapest. I’m curious if there were other places you considered for tax reasons about filming in another location, or was it always Budapest?
Johnson: No, originally it was Romania — for tax benefits, and there was also sound stages there and things like that. Plus, Romania, there’s a great landscape there that can play very well. Didn’t work out in Romania. Then we brought our crew and gang over to Budapest, and Budapest ended up working extremely well. They had amazing sound stages there. Their landscape — there are parts of Budapest way out in the hills that look very survived, and it played very well for us.
Question: I’m curious about the chronology of this story. You said we see some of the 12 Labors. Does the story proper take place after he’s done all the Labors? Is it like an in-between time?
Johnson: Correct. When we meet him, he’s completed his Labors, and he’s also been exiled out of Athens by King Eurystheus. Now he just kills for money. But we do see the Labors, though. We make sure that we pay proper homage, again, to them. He has a multitude of flashbacks, including killing his family.
Question: So have you seen a rough cut yet, or a final cut?
Johnson: It’s not final yet, so we haven’t locked it yet, but yes, I’ve seen the rough cut.
Question: So how does it compare, what you’ve seen thus far, to what you had envisioned going in? Does it exceed your expectations?
Johnson: It’s everything I’d hoped it to be and more — because you never know with a movie like this. You never know with a movie this size and scope and a lot of different elements going on, where if you’re going to make it, you get one shot at it. It’s not like an action-comedy or an action movie that plays today, where you have a little bit of leeway, latitude, with what you shoot and what you can get away with. With something like this — epic in nature — it is Hercules, and he’s the world’s first superhero. There’ve been versions in the past, but we wanted to make the definitive Hercules. So going into it, there’s a lot of unpredictability. You hope that everyone comes with their A game, which they did. It was a very long shoot, man. Over six months, we were there — a lot of days, lot of long shoots, lot of long hours. You know, as you’re shooting it, it feels good to you, but you never know. You hope, and you have your gut sense, but in this case, yeah, it’s everything that I’d hoped it to be. The biggest thing for me was just making sure that, if the transformation was going to happen, it looked real and it felt real and authentic. It’s me in a wig — regardless if the wig took 40 days to actually make, the majority of them. Everything had to come together nicely, and I thought it did.
Question: So is this a revenge-type thing, like, you’re trying to find the killers of your family? Was there a romantic element in this movie?
Johnson: Let’s see… There was a romantic element with Ergenia, who was my wife until she was murdered — there went that romance! [Laughs] Maybe in the next one he’ll meet something. Is there a revenge aspect? Well, here’s the unique twist on it. One of the unique twists is that it starts off with anguish and pain, internally, then it becomes revenge when I find out who really killed my family.
Question: Did anyone make you watch any of the Kellan Lutz Hercules?
Johnson: ”Make me!” [Laughs] No, I actually didn’t see it, no. Did you guys see it? You had to see it.
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Call to prayer: Dr. Kristin Neuhaus
Dr. Kristin Neuhaus is an ex-abortionist, not because she came to her senses but because she'd gotten in so much trouble with the Kansas Medical Board that even that crew of inDUHviduals decided it wasn't safe to let her near a uterus with a canula in her hand.
She made up for the lost income by setting up a clever arrangement with George Tiller. He would give her space in his clinic once a week and would provide her with his late-abortion patients and their checkbooks and credit cards and cold cash. Neuhaus would certify that indeed, every single one of them did need a post-viability abortion for pressing "health" reasons. (Just examine the logic of the idea of delaying the termination of a pregnancy for three days, just to get a dead fetus, because the mother's health is in danger, and you can see through this transparent ploy. But it fit the letter of the law, drafted to stand under Roe.)
However, for whatever reason, Neuhaus has stepped forward and indicated that she's willing to turn state's evidence and testify against Teflon Tiller, should the late-abortion charges ever make it to court.
Now, you and I know that Tiller's as likely to ever end up in a courtroom over his malfesiance as Fluffikins is to be taken to task by other cats for eating canaries. But Neuhaus can still go public, outside the courtroom, and blow the lid off the whole thing -- not just Tiller's illegal activities, but the fairly obvious corruption of officials he's managed to purchase. And Tiller is not a rogue abortionist that the rest of the abortion lobby can throw to the wolves. If he goes down, he may well decide to turn on his fellows. This can become a serious chink in the abortion lobby's armor. If Neuhaus speaks out.
Let's get praying, people!
A rash of holiday anniversaries
"Beth" is one of the women Life Dynamics identifies on their "Blackmun Wall" as having been killed by a legal abortion.
Beth was 23 years old when she traveled from Massachusetts to New York for an abortion in 1971. The abortion was initiated by injecting saline into Beth's uterus. But instead of the amniotic sac, the saline went into Beth's bloodstream. Beth immediately began to have siezures and went into a coma. She was pronounced dead on December 29, 1971.
Mary Ann Page is one of the women Life Dynamics identifies on their "Blackmun Wall" as having been killed by a legal abortion. She was 36 years old when she went into cardiac arrest during an abortion/tubal ligation performed under general anesthesia on December 28, 1977. Both procedures were completed, then Mary Ann was taken to the Intensive Care Unit. Mary Ann suffered several more cardiac arrests while she was in the ICU. She was pronounced dead on December 29, 1977.
From a search on information about Cunningham's license, a lawsuit was filed against him that might have pertained to Sheila's death; the case in question was dismissed, according to information Cunningham gave the Texas medical board.
Hoa Thuy "Vivian" Tran, like Holly Patterson, got her abortion drugs at a Planned Parenthood. Vivian was 22 years old, and died December 29, 2003, six days into the abortion process. She'd been given the drugs on December 23 at the Costa Mesa Planned Parenthood facility. The autopsy showed that she died of sepsis.
Vivian's husband is suing the drug company, Planned Parenthood of Orange and San Bernadino Counties, and The Population Council Inc., in Orange County Superiour Court.
Planned Parenthood spokesperson Kimberlee Ward said that PP has "absolute confidence in this method of abortion," which is hardly surprising. After all, Vivian's fetus died, leaving PP with nothing to complain about.
Safe and Legal over the Holidays: Arnetta Hardaway
Sad anniversary: Jacqueline Smith
Over the years, may details of the Jacqueline Smith case have been lost, and the remaining story often is dismissed as an urban legend. But strange and macabre as the story is, it was all too true.
Jacqueline Smith, a 20-year-old fashion designer from Lebanon, Pennsylvania, moved to New York and took an apartment with two other women. She began spending more and more time at the home of Thomas G. Daniels, age 24, eventually all but moving in with him.
In December of 1955, Jackie told Daniels that she was pregnant. Daniels did not want to marry Jackie and instead arranged for a scrub nurse, Leobaldo Pejuan, to perform an abortion at Daniels' apartment on Christmas Eve. After performing the abortion, Pejuan became alarmed at Jackie's condition, and summoned Dr. Ramiro Morales, who told him that Jackie was dead.
When Jackie's father arrived for a visit on December 30, he got Daniels and together they went to the police to report Jackie missing. The police were quickly suspicious of Daniels and began to question him more closely. Daniels finally told police that Jackie had gone into the bathroom and stabbed herself to death due to his refusal to marry her, and that he had dumped her body in the Hudson River.
Police investigated, and found medical instruments in Pejuan's apartment. The entire story eventually came out, with Pejuan pleading guilty and testifying against Daniels. Pejuan was sentenced to 7 1/2 years in prison, and Daniels was sentenced to 8 years.
Illegal anniversary: Sylvia Sawdy
Safe and Legal: Kimberly Roe
Teflon Tiller skates again
Judge Throws Out Charges Against Abortion Provider in Kansas Less Than a Day After They Were Filed
There is one Judge in the universe who can't be bought. Which Tiller and Clark will learn eventually.
Safe and Legal over the holidays: Denise Holmes
Today marks the first of the holiday anniversaries, the women and girls who died over the holiday season, died perhaps thinking that their abortions would mark a new beginning for them.
Denise Holmes, a 24-year-old Australian woman living in Texas, decided to undergo an abortion at Avalon Hospital in Los Angeles, California, on her way home for Christmas of 1970. She never made it home.
Safe and Legal: Myrta Baptiste
Myrta Baptiste, age 26, had abortion of her 10 week pregnancy performed by Orlando Zaldivar at Woma''s Care Clinic December 18, 1982.
Myrta arrived at the hospital in critical condition due to delay of transfer by the clinic staff. She bled to death from 2 uterine perforations. Zaldivar could not be reached for 7 hours while hospital staff were struggling to save his patient's life.
Pre-Roe Mortality, Redux
Just about anybody that's paid attention has heard the claim that there were "thousands" -- or, more specifically, "5,000 to 10,000" -- maternal deaths a year in the United States from criminal abortions back in the bad old pre-Roe days. In fact, Planned Parenthood's amicus brief filed with PP v. Casey still cited this bogus "fact".
Lawrence Lader
Let's start with the numbers. Where did they come from? Here's an interesting exercise: when you see the 5,000 - 10,000 claim, check and see who they cite. Odds are it will be Lawrence "Larry" Lader or some other late 1960's early 1970's abortion guru. This gives the impression that Lader (or whoever) looked at whatever the then-current situation was and wrote up his findings. Nothing could be further from the truth.
The 5,000 - 10,000 claim is one of the standard abortion promotion tricks: misleading citing. Often you'll see abortion advocates citing some recent (or relatively recent) "research". But when you check their source, you'll find that the source cites an even older source. And when you check that source, you'll find that it cites yet another, older source. You'll go round and round. (I've often joked that tracking down pro-choice original source material gives me motion sickness.) Eventually, you'll find the original source. If you're persistent. And lucky.
In the case of the 5,000 - 10,000 claims, the original source was a book -- Abortion, Spontaneous and Induced -- published in 1936 by Dr. Frederick Taussig, a leading proponent of legalization of abortion. Taussig calculated an urban abortion rate based on records of a New York City birth control clinic, and a rural abortion rate based on some numbers given to him by some doctors in Iowa. He took a guess at a mortality rate, multiplied by his strangely generated estimate of how many criminal abortions were taking place, and presto! A myth is born!
Frederick Taussig
Even if Taussig's calculations, by some mathematical miracle, had been correct, they still would have been out of date by the end of WWII. Antibiotics and blood transfusions changed the face of medicine. And you will notice that abortion proponents are all too aware of how dated Taussig's numbers are -- why else would they play Musical Cites instead of simply citing Taussig in the first place? But not only are the Taussig numbers dated, they were never accurate to begin with. At a conference in 1942, Taussig himself appologized for using "the wildest estimates" to generate a bogus number.
Bernard Nathanson
Although it took Taussig six years to reject his own faulty calculations, at least he did admit that he'd been wrong. Other abortion enthusiasts lacked Taussig's compunctions. Bernard Nathanson, co-founder of NARAL, admitted that he and his associates knew that the claims of 5,000 to 10,000 criminal abortion deaths were false. They bandied them about anyway, Nathanson confessed, because they were useful. This, too, is old news -- Nathanson came clean over twenty years ago.
How many criminal abortion deaths were there, then? An excellent question, and a tricky one to answer. Before the Centers for Disease Control began Abortion Surveillance Activities in 1968, and began looking at abortion mortality in earnest in 1972, all abortion deaths were typically counted together: legal (or "therapeutic"), illegal, and spontaneous (miscarriage). However, even without the CDC's intervention, public health officials were watching maternal mortality in general, and abortion mortality in particular, very carefully. After all, abortion itself was a crime, and an abortion in which the mother died could well result in a homicide investigation. This was not petty crime; the police, coroners, funeral directors, and hospital administrators were very attentive to possible criminal abortion deaths.
Peer-reviewed articles published in the decades before Roe gave varied estimates of the number of abortion deaths annually. One study determined that there were approximately 1.3 criminal abortion deaths per year in Minnesota from 1950 through 1965. Commentary on that study pointed out that if researchers combined known criminal abortion deaths with suspected criminal abortion deaths, 4.4 women were dying from criminal abortions per year in Tennessee from 1955 through 1965. A study in California reported 30 total abortion deaths per year during a period studied from 1957 through 1965, and as many as 87% of those abortion deaths were due to criminal abortions. This meant a maximum death rate in California of 26 women per year during that period.
But what can that tell us about mortality nationwide? In 1975 (the first year for which complete numbers are available), Minnesota reported roughly 1.6% of all legal abortions, Tennessee reported about 1.7%, and California about 22%. It is reasonable to assume that the proportion of illegal abortions in each state before legalization would be similar to the proportion of legal abortions in each state after Roe. If each of those states had been representative of the nation at large, that would put the national death rate at 78, 225, and 104, respectively. If we combine the totals, we find 31.7 criminal abortion deaths per year in three states, which represented roughly 26% of abortion deaths. This would mean approximately 123 criminal abortion deaths annually in the decades just before Roe.
Are these numbers realistic at all? Mary Calderone, who was then Medical Director of Planned Parenthood, reported on a conference studying abortion in America. She indicated that in 1957, there were 260 abortion deaths nationwide. That number included all abortions: legal, illegal, and spontaneous. The caluclations based on state maternal mortality investigations are fairly close to Calderone's numbers based on national data. These numbers were based on alerting doctors, law enforcement, coroners, and hospital administrators, along with public records officials, of their responsiblity to report these deaths. Taussig's estimates of 5,000 to 10,000 deaths would have meant that Minnesota authorities should have found 80 to 160 deaths per year when all their efforts could only find one or two. Tennessee should have been finding 85 to 170, rather than 4 or 5. And California should have been finding 1,100 to 2,200, rather than roughly 26.
Once more, with feeling:
Source: "Induced termination of pregnancy before and
after Roe v. Wade" JAMA, 12/9/92, vol. 208, no. 22, p. 3231-3239.
In 1936, Frederick Taussig announced that there were 5,000 to 10,000 maternal deaths from criminal abortion annually in the United States.
In 1942, Taussig admitted that his calculations had been wrong, and that there was no way as many as 5,000 women were dying, much less 10,000.
From 1940 through 1970, abortion mortality fell from nearly 1,500 to a little over 100 (see table).
In 1972, according to the Centers for Disease Control, 39 women died from criminal abortions. (This number was determined by sending out letters to health officials, hospitals, and doctors throughout the country, in addition to the usual reporting methods.)
Are we supposed to believe that public health officials in Minnesota, Tennessee, and California, in cooperation with law enforcment, the medical community, coroners, and hospital administrators, were that far off? Are we supposed to believe that among abortion supporters, Planned Parenthood's Medical Director, the AMA, the Alan Guttmacher Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control, putting forth a concerted effort to uncover every abortion death, were missing that many? Are we to believe that only Taussig's numbers -- generated with admittedly faulty calculations over sixty years ago -- are the true measure of the cost of criminal abortion in the United States? This is what abortion promoters would have you believe when they cite Taussig's discredited numbers.
You would have to go back to before WWII to find as many as 1,000 women dying from criminal abortions annually in the United States. By 1967, when the first states started allowing very limited elective abortions, the number had fallen almost 90%, to 110. Criminal abortion deaths clearly were diminishing dramatically without taking the radical step of legalization. Other strategies, such as liberalizing sterilization laws, providing competent counseling to frightened pregnant women to help them overcome their fears about having their babies, and teaching doctors better diagnostic and treatment strategies for addressing criminal abortion complications, were based on sound research and were likely to reduce criminal abortion deaths to an unavoidable minimum. (As long as some women insist on having abortions, some of them will die, no matter how diligently we try to protect them.) When current strategies are working, it's foolish to throw a monkey wrench into the works. The stragegy of improved medical care was solving the problem. Abortion advocates might have done well to listen to the old adage, "If it ain't broke, don't fix it."
Safe and Legal: Venus Ortiz
Safe and Legal: Mary Pena
Abortionist charged in murder of wife
Doctor pleads not guilty to killing his wife
Malachy DeHenre, who performed the fatal abortion on Leigh Ann Alford in 2003, faces a second trial for the 1997 shooting death of his wife, Dr. Nyasha DeHenre. She was shot in the head in the couple's home. His first trial, in 1999, resulted in a hung jury.
He was also indicted in the rape of a patient in 1992.
Safe and Legal: LaSandra Russ
Safe and Legal: Edith Cote
Safe and Legal: Sharon Hamplton
First, a little background.
In one session of a National Abortion Federation Risk Management Seminar, a participant indicated that when he pulled bowel (extracted part of a patient's bowel through a perforation in her uterus), his preferred method of treatment (if you can call it that) was to stuff the bowel back through the perforation, administer medications to make the uterus contract and control bleeding, monitor the woman more carefully in recovery, and if she seemed okay, send her home none the wiser.
The moderator was appalled. He pointed out that even if there was no obvious injury to the bowel, it might be bruised and damaged. The recommended procedure is to admit the patient to the hospital and examine her bowel, and observe her for signs of further injury. The moderator then asked how many of the other participants followed this method of stuffing the bowel back in and hoping for the best. Six participants raised their hands to be counted.
I knew it was only a matter of time before one of these bowel-stuffing abortionists killed somebody. That's where the unwitting Sharon Hamptlon stepped into the picture.
She went to Bruce Steir at A Lady's Choice Women's Medical Center for an abortion on December 13, 1996. She was 20 weeks pregnant.
Steir remained at the facility for about an hour after Sharon's abortion. She was still in the recovery room when he left.
Sharon's mother, Doris Hamplton, gave a statement to the medical board about the day her daughter died. Excerpts from Doris's statement can be found at ...And So I Could Hold You and You Could Go to Sleep. Here are some excerpts:
Maybe around 3:00 pm I took Curtis inside to use the bathroom. I saw a grey haired man dressed in green surgical clothes sitting at a desk. He said, "You know she is far along." I said, "No. I didn't know because she didn't tell me." Then I saw Sharon in the recovery room about 3:30 or 4:00 pm. She looked so bad that I felt scared. She was laying on a lazyboy style chair with an IV in her left arm and a blood pressure cuff on the other. She looked very pale. Her eyes were partially open and I could see only the whites of her eyes as if she were in shock. She was not speaking and her whole body was shaking real hard in big shivers. Her legs were especially bad. The doctor said, "She doesn't react to drugs well." .... A woman came in and said that Sharon didn't need the blankets that were on her already and pulled the blankets off. Other girls in the recovery room were vomiting and the attendant woman told the girls to keep vomiting, that vomiting was good for them at this time. I went back to the waiting room and a Spanish lady came out and said that Sharon would be ready in a few minutes as soon as the IV finished.
On the way home to Barstow, I stopped at Wendy's to get a sandwich for little Curtis. I tried to wake Sharon but all she said was "Huh, Huh." Then Curtis said, "Mamma, I love you. Do you need anything? Are you okay?" And Sharon said, "Okay. I'll take a drink." Sharon was lying in the backseat of the car and said to Curtis, "Come on back with me Curtis. I love you and so I could hold you and you could go to sleep." She was silent for about one hour. Near Victorville, she said, "I'm so hot. Please let the window down." I opened the window a bit. After that, Sharon was silent forever.
But who would stand in the way of science?
Ukraine babies in stem cell probe
Healthy new-born babies may have been killed in Ukraine to feed a flourishing international trade in stem cells, evidence obtained by the BBC suggests.
Ukraine has become the self-styled stem cell capital of the world.
There is a trade in stem cells from aborted foetuses, amid unproven claims they can help fight many diseases.
But now there are claims that stem cells are also being harvested from live babies.
The BBC has spoken to mothers from the city of Kharkiv who say they gave birth to healthy babies, only to have them taken by maternity staff.
In 2003 the authorities agreed to exhume around 30 bodies of foetuses and full-term babies from a cemetery used by maternity hospital number six.
In its report, the Council describes a general culture of trafficking of children snatched at birth, and a wall of silence from hospital staff upwards over their fate.
This is what you get when you decide that the ends justify the means, that it's okay to kill Peter to save Paul, to steal a phrase.
Safe-n-legal: Sandra Williams
Thirty-year-old Sandra Williams was 11 weeks pregnant when whe underwent an abortion on December 12, 1984. She went home following the abortion. Less than twelve hours later, she was dead. Her death certificate noted that she died from a pulmonary embolism.
Meanwhile, across the street...
Abortion site has Catholic neighbor
A pale half-moon hung in the blue sky on a cold, windy morning Saturday as about 60 Catholics prayed across the street from Tulsa's only abortion clinic.
It was a ritual that has been going on several times a week for years.
But now it is different. They were standing on land owned by the Diocese of Tulsa.
Two months ago, the diocese bought just under a half-acre empty lot across the street from the Reproductive Services of Tulsa, 6136 E. 32nd Place.
"This gives us a place where we can hold prayer, and support of life, . . . and a place to offer support for people that might otherwise choose abortion," said Tim Sullivan, executive director of Catholic Charities.
The diocese has not decided what to do with the land yet. Ideas include a memorial garden for children killed by abortion, a CPC,
The diocese wants to make the use of the land an ecumenical effort rather than purely a Catholic endeavor. A spokesman said, "We don't want this to be a place of confrontation. We would want to use the property to send a message to every woman that is going into the abortion clinic that we don't condemn them. We pray for them, and we will do anything we can to support them."
Reproductive Services executive administrator Linda Meek, who has been at the clinic for 16 years, said she had no problem with the diocese buying the land as long as they remain peaceful.
"I guess that's fine. They've been coming here for years. They're always quiet and peaceful," she said.
Barbara Santee, former executive director of Pro-Choice Oklahoma, said Catholics have been holding vigils at the clinic for years, and have always been prayerful and respectful.
Of course, there's got to be the obligatory quote from somebody who just doesn't get it:
Valerie Ackerman, president of the board of the Oklahoma Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice, said she understood why the diocese wanted to buy the land.
"It makes me sad, though, because it assumes women are not morally mature enough to make their own religious and moral choices," she said.
That somebody who purports to be "religious" would object to people doing outreach and prayer for women in a difficult situation .... Prayers that Ms. Ackerman's eyes might open.
Christmas reminder
Remember that you still have plenty of time to give a Christmas gift in a loved one's name through World Vision. They'll even send an e-card or snail card for you!
Medical care seem to be more expensive at World Vision than at Mercy Ships, possibly because Mercy Ships relies so much on in-kind donations. So they don't have to pay a doctor or for the OR, they just have to pay for the actual surgical supplies.
Nevertheless, many things in the World Vision catalogue are exciting, and they're available for giving in a wide price range:
A fish pond for a community: $200.
Water treatment tablets to enable 250 kids to get safe water at school for a year: Just $50.
A prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care kit can increase survival and health for mother and baby: $116.
Provide a girl in China with education for a year: $350.
Provide an older child or adult with a marketable skill: $50.
Provide a child with school supplies: $32.
Provide a disabled person with a wheelchair: $14. (The wheelchairs are donated by Free Wheelchair Mission; World Vision just needs help with the shipping costs.)
Provide an injured person with a prosthetic limb: $1120
Educate an African orphan for a year: $70.
Warm, portable shelter for a Mongolian family: $1862.
Provide a family with a clean, safe stove that requires less fuel than their traditional fire pits: $150.
Provide a family with ten fruit trees: $65.
Provide high-quality crop seeds for a family: $17.
Who to thank for public health miracles
In 1999, the Centers for Disease Control released "Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Healthier Mothers and Babies." This report is a study in what public health efforts can achieve, but also serves as a great example of how statistics can be misused to further the pro-abortion agenda.
The good news is that in the 20th century, maternal and infant mortality fell over 90%. Aseptic techniques of delivery, antibiotics, vaccinations, sanitation, and other progress in medicine and public health deserve due credit for this. It's stunning to reflect on how risky pregnancy was for mothers 100 years ago -- or even 50 years ago. At the beginning of the 20th century, for every 1000 live births, 6-9 mothers died of pregnancy-related complications. At the end of the century, the mortality rate had fallen so much that it is now measured in deaths per 100,000 live births. With a mortality rate of 7.7/100,000 in 1997, clearly childbirth was 100 times more riskier for our sisters at the turn of the last century.
Infant mortality, likewise, has improved at an astonishing rate. One in ten live-born infants died before the age of one at the beginning of the 20th century. As the century drew to a close, only one in approximately 139 babies born in the United States died before his or her first birthday. This is especially astonishing when you reflect that the end of the century, tiny premature infants that would have been tabulated as miscarriages at one time are now being counted as live births -- which means that our improvement in infant mortality has progressed even though we're trying to save infants who would have been given up for dead a century ago.
The bad news is that our public health officials are so enamored of abortion that they attempt to attiribute better public health to legalization of their favored activity:
The legalization of induced abortion beginning in the 1960s contributed to an 89% decline in deaths from septic illegal abortions during 1950-1973.
It's disengenuous, to say the least, to credit a few states loosening abortion restrictions starting in 1968 with the huge decline in septic illegal abortion deaths during the nearly twenty year period preceding the change. Abortion guru Christopher Tietze attributed the decline in abortion deaths during that period to improved abortion techniques (especially the development of vacuum aspiration), improved emergency care (including improved antibiotic and blood transfusion therapy), and a contraceptive-driven drop in unwanted pregnancies. If someone with Tietze's enthusiasm for abortion hesitated to lay this public health achievement on abortion's doorstep, one must wonder what is going on inside the heads of those folks at the CDC.
Of all the public health accomplishments from 1950 to 1973 -- improved antibiotics, improved access to blood products, broader access to adequate prenatal care, and improvements in environmental health, to name a few -- our public health employees at the CDC single out limited legalization of abortion.
To whom is credit actually due, if it is not due to abortionists and abortion agitators? Let's look at some factors.
1. At the beginning of the 20th century, many maternal deaths were due to one sad factor: inadequate childhood nutrition. Inadequate calcium and vitamin D, especially for city children, caused ricketts. This meant that women who developed ricketts as children had small and/or malformed pelvises. This caused obstructed labor, a major contributor to high maternal mortality. This problem has been virtually eliminated, along with most nutritionally-related complications of pregnancy and childbirth. For this, we should thank:
Public health officials who pushed for vitamin D fortification and pasteurization of milk
Farmers who increased the supply of milk and produce.
Agricultural officials who worked to improve the health of farm animals and to improve farm productivity.
Truck drivers and other transportation workers who brought the milk and produce from farm to city.
Inventors and entrepeneurs who made elctricity and refrigeration cheap and widely available so that milk, meat, and produce would stay fresh.
Planners and workers who built the highway system and other elements of the transportation infrastructure to facilitate the transport of milk,
and fresh meat and produce, from farm to city.
Inventors and entrepeneurs who created jobs and raised the standard of living so that families could afford milk and fresh produce for their children.
Grocers who made all of these products available to consumers.
2. The biggest contributors to the reduction in septic deaths were the unglamorous enterprises of sanitation and hygiene. Less trash in the streets meant fewer rats and other vermin, fewer risks of disease. Running water, sewage treatment, and the widespread use of gas and electric stoves and water heaters made the basic healthy hygiene we take for granted available. For this, we should thank:
City planners who developed strategies for improving cleanliness of our urban areas.
Utility workers who keep our water running and hot.
Sanitation workers who expose themselves to the dangers of garbage-related diseases and in doing so, protect mothers and children.
Waste-management workers of all levels, who have eliminated the ages-old health hazards of, to put it daintily, "grey water."
3. Of course, medical advances played their vital roles. We owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to:
Joseph Lister and others who pioneered antiseptic technique that reduced septic compliations and made c-sections practical.
J.Y.Simpson and other pioneers of anesthesia who made c-sections and other surgery practical.
Ignaz Philip Semmelweiss, whose career was left a shambles by his fight to eliminate childbed fever, and those who took his advice and began the practice of simple hand-washing, which we take for granted, in attending laboring and postpartum women.
Researchers and pharmaceutical companies that made antibiotics, anti-coagulants, and other vital medicines available.
Doctors, nurses, and technicians who developed new medical technologies and worked to make them widely available.
Biomedical companies and workers for making everything from sterile bandages to high-tech monitoring and surgical equipment readily available.
Housekeepers, orderlies, and other non-glamorous but vital workers who keep the medical environment clean and sanitary.
When you reflect on the tremendous advances in public health, especially maternal and neonatal health, of the 20th Century, give credit where credit is due. Remember that it was our fellow citizens, working daily in often thankless and dangerous jobs, who wrought these miracles as much as doctors and medical pioneers. It is thanks to the trash collector, the worker out repairing the electrical lines in bitter weather, the farmer rising before dawn to milk the cows, the stock clerk stacking oranges in the supermarket, that we can so take it for granted that we will survive pregnancy and childbirth, and that our children will outlive their parents. The abortionists and their cheerleaders should learn a little humility.
Clumsy, but it's all I can manage
I can't find another way to share "Lesser Things", by Jars of Clay. It's apt and it's haunting and posting the lyrics just doesn't cut it.
I've truncated it because the music goes on for quite a while, so the end is abrupt. Go buy it.
It's on "Who We Are Instead".
Baby with sirenomelia needs prayers
Boy with mermaid's syndrome abandoned
A three-day-old boy with sirenomelia, known as "mermaid's syndrome" because the legs are fused together like the tail of a mermaid, has been found abandoned outside a hospital in Changsha, China.
He is on dialysis and will need multiple surgeries just to survive before doctors can consider separating his legs.
A little girl in Peru, Milagros Cerron, is the second known surviving child with sirenomelia. The first was Tiffany Yorks, in the United States.
Here is little Milagros now. She's taking her first steps!
Comparative safety: Abortion and stuff people get riled up about
Many abortion advocates pooh-pooh the idea that there are any risks to abortion surgery. Phrases like, "It's safer than a shot of penicillin," or "It's safer than getting your tonsils out" fly around.
How does abortion really compare to things we consider risky?
The Centers for Disease Control claim a death rate of 1.1 deaths per 100,000 induced abortions. I would dispute that, because I don't think the CDC makes more than a cursory attempt to identify abortion deaths. Nevertheless, it's the only number we have, so we have to use it.
First, I'll compare the risk of abortion to another personal, gynecological risk: Toxic Shock Syndrome caused by tampon use. Women of my generation still remember the huge scare over TSS, and the ensuing requirements that tampon manufacturers provide uniform absorbancies and health information about TSS to potential tampon users. And what is the risk of TSS? TSS is seen in one per 100,000 menstruating women. The mortality rate for TSS is roughly three percent. So the risk of death from TSS associated with tampon use is .03 deaths per 100,000. This is considered significant enough to alert women to the risks of tampon-associated TSS, and significant enough to warrant policing of the feminine tampon industry. But a woman is more likely to die from an abortion than she is to get TSS from using a tampon -- and even if she gets TSS, she has a 97% chance of survival.
Okay, the risk of TSS was higher in 1979, when the use of new materials by some tampon manufacturers led to an epidemic. The number of TSS cases at the peak of the epidemic was perhaps 12 per 100,000 menstruating women. That's still .36 deaths per 100,000 menstruating women, or about 1/3 the risk of death from abortion. This risk was still much smaller than the risk from abortion, but rightly considered enough of a risk to alert women and hold tampon manufacturers accountable.
Most people don't consider using tampons to be flirting with death. But still, women's lives are considered important enough to inform them of the risks, and to take measures to reduce the risks. What about riskier gambits?
How about fireworks? Every summer, we're bombarded with warnings to leave fireworks use to the professionals, lest we blast ourselves to bits. Still, professionals set up fireworks shows, and in many states it is legal to purchase fireworks. And, as folks are fond of pointing out when it comes to abortion, not everybody obeys the law. Some people will find a way to get fireworks illegally. (My brother did, and ended up with a broken arm and third-degree burns, so don't think I'm taking fireworks danger lightly.)
So how risky is playing with fireworks? The American Pyrotechnics Association, which monitors fireworks injuries, tallies the risk in terms of injuries per 100,000 pounds of pyrotechnic materials. Fireworks-Related Injury Rates, 1976-2005, shows that in 2005 there were 3.8 injuries per 100,000 pounds of fireworks. I contacted the National Council on Fireworks Safety for statistics on fireworks mortality, and was told, "Because fireworks fatalities are so rare and when they do occur they are generally due to illegal explosives and not fireworks, we do not have such a figure." Our high awareness of fireworks injuries is largely due to the large amount of fireworks used - over 250 million pounds a year in the United States -- and the spectacular and highly public nature of such incidents. Mortality is negligible in proportion, no doubt due to safety-consciousness and protective laws and regulations. In other words, warning people about the dangers of fireworks, and failing to warn people about the dangers of abortion, have led to a world in which playing with fireworks is safer than getting an abortion.
Another cause for alarm is amusement park rides. Consumer groups are lobbying for more stringent state controls of amusement rides, as well as for federal oversight of amusement rides. And how dangerous are these rides? According to the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA) the odds that you'll be seriously injured on an amusement ride (requiring at least an overnight hospital stay) are about one in nine million rides -- and the odds against a fatal injury one in 750 million.
Activity Risk of Death
Abortion 1.2/100,000
Tampons 0.03/100,000
Fireworks negligible
Amusement ride .00013/100,000
Don't get me wrong - I'm not saying that we shouldn't take steps to ensure that people are safe. Carnival rides should be inspected, fireworks should be regulated, and tampon users should be warned of the risks of Toxic Shock Syndrome. We can't take responsibility for our own safety if we're not warned. But what I do want people to consider is how much the cavalier attitude toward abortion risks is leading to unnecessary trauma and death.
I listened to a tape of a National Abortion Federation meeting in which nurses vented their frustration over their futile attempts to get abortion patients to take aftercare seriously. These nurses could not convince patients of the importance of reporting symptoms and seeking prompt care. As a result, relatively minor complications became life-threatening.
If the National Abortion Federation nurses want to know why women won't take abortion risks seriously, they need to look in the mirror. Efforts by NAF and other abortion-advocacy organizations to present abortion as virtually risk-free have been effective. They've been far too effective, to the point where no amount of scolding by a nurse is able to overcome a lifetime of bland assurances that abortion is perfectly safe.
Anniversary: "Dear Dr. Spencer" and the death of Mary Davies
On Saturday, December 8, 1956, 26-year-old Mary Davies of New York City arrived in the Ashland, Pennsylvania office of abortionist Dr. Robert Douglas Spencer. She was seeking an abortion. According to Spencer, Mary was alone, and reported that she'd been bleeding for about two weeks. He didn't examine her, but gave her medication for pain and ergotrate to stop the bleeding. He told her to return the following day for her abortion.
Mary returned at about 10 AM on the 9th. He administered 13 cc's of Evipal in a 10% solution to induce anesthesia. "I injected that solution into the vein of the left arm and in ten seconds she was asleep." Spencer said that the next thing he noticed was that Mary wasn't breathing. She also appeared blue. He injected five cc's of Metrazol into her left leg. She didn't respond, so he gave her an additional five cc's of Metrazol, this time injecting the drug into a vein.
Mary still did not respond, so Spencer attempted to resuscitate her with oxygen. He called his assistant, Mildred Zettlemoyer, into the room to assist him. With Mary in Zettlemoyer's care, Spencer went to another part of the building to retrieve adrenaline. He gave Mary three injections of adrenaline
Mary still was not responding, so Spencer had Zettlemoyer call the laboratory assistant, Steve Sekunda, and tell him to come to the office. Spencer put a breathing tube into Mary's throat, but had to work blind because the light on his scope wasn't working. He resumed artificial respiration, "and pulled on her tongue, but got no response." By the time Sekunda arrived, at around 11:30, Spencer had concluded that Mary was dead. The puzzled man concluded "that this patient died in my office from some heart disease."
Dr. Milton Helpern, chief medical examiner for New York City, was among the experts that testified in Spencer's trial for Mary's death. Helpern concluded that Mary had been pregnant, that the pregnancy had been terminated right before her death, and that she'd died from administration of a drug used for anesthesia for performing a D&C. Mary had been in good health prior to her death.
Patricia G. Miller, author of The Worst Of Times, asked another doctor, "Dr. Bert," who had practiced before legalization, to review news reports of Mary's death and speculate as to whether Mary would have died had abortion been legal. "Dr. Bert" faulted Spencer for not having an assistant while he was administering general anesthesia. "In my view, to give a general anesthetic alone is below good medical care, even in those days." He speculated that Spencer had not had an assistant working with him due to the law against abortion -- an odd speculation, since Spencer was doing abortions quite openly, with at least one member of his staff present in the building. It's also an odd speculation considering how many legal abortionists have had patients die from anesthesia complications, either due to inadequate supervision of the anesthesia process or inadequate resuscitation efforts. Sloppy anesthesia and botched resuscitation were hardly eliminated by legalization.
Spencer's widow, Eleanor, told Patricia Miller that her husband had been quite stricken by Mary's death. He continued to perform abortions, however, along with his regular medical practice, up until the trial. He was acquitted on all counts, likely because it was impossible to prove that Mary hadn't either miscarried during those two weeks of bleeding prior to her appointment with Spencer, or been aborted by somebody else. No mention is made of any fetal remains being found in Mary's body or in Spencer's office.
Spencer briefly stopped doing abortions after the trial, "for a month or so," his widow said. But he resumed his business and eventually got entangled with a fellow named Harry Mace who set up a business for himself rounding up abortion patients and bringing them to Spencer. Spencer's widow lamented that Mace flooded Spencer with patients, pressuring him to rush through abortions. Spencer's health began to fail. He was arrested again, due to the attention attracted by Mace's activities, but died before the case went to trial.
Mary Davies is the only woman known to have died from abortion related complications under Spencer's care. Spencer is estimated to have performed between 40,000 and 100,000 abortions.
Nobody counted the cost
Baby Jessica
Nobody asked if her family could afford her.
Nobody asked if she'd only end up being disabled.
Nobody asked if she had good enough parents.
Nobody asked what her quality of life was going to be.
Nobody asked, "Is it worth the money we're spending?"
Nobody asked, "Is it worth all the time and trouble?"
She was a baby. She needed us. And that was all that mattered.
If only that was all that ever mattered.
Safe and Legal: Magdalena Rodriguez
On December 8, 1994, 23-year-old Magdalena Rodrigues went to Suresh Gandotra's clinic, El Norte Clinica Medica, for what she thought was a second-trimester abortion. Gandotra later said, "I knew I screwed up," when he pulled out bowel instead of fetal parts.
In the mean time, Gandotra left Magdalena unattended while he did abortions on other patients. After a half-hour delay, he finally called an ambulance, but did not inform them of the hospital that was awaiting Magdalena's arrival with a team ready to treat her. When the ambulance crew arrived, they found Magdalena in ventricular fibrillation, with no pulse, bleeding, and on the floor. The ambulance crew was not informed about the hospital that was awaiting this critically injured patient, so they took Magdalena to another hospital, one that was not prepared to treat a patient with her specific injuries.
Gandotra sent Magdalena to the hospital without a medical history or any information about her condition or what he'd done to her. The staff were totally unprepared for what they found when they examined her. Magdalena had no vitals on arrival at hospital. She was unresponsive, with fixed, dilated pupils.
When the surgeon at the hospital opened Magdalena's peritoneum, it was so distended with blood that the operating room was spattered with the escaping blood. Magdalena's uterus was ruptured, with a fetal limb protruding into her abdomen. Her cervix, uterus, bladder, and colon were lacerated. The mangled and partially dismembered fetus was of approximately 30 weeks gestation. As the autopsy describes it, "the body of the baby was not complete when autopsied. Both arms had been cut off; the heart, lungs, liver, and other organs had been cut out, the front of the chest and abdomen were missing, the right femur was fractured, the head was intact except for an area on the scalp which had been taken off from the back of the head."
Magdalena died during surgery. Her death was attributed to "complications of the acute pelvic injuries which consisted of lacerations of the lower uterus, vagina, bladder and colon." She had bled to death.
Gandotra told the medical board that he had delayed calling an ambulance because he had no admitting privileges and that the patient had asked to be released so she could walk home. This unawareness of the severity of her own injuries is a sign that a patient is going into shock and is in need of immediate care.
Gandotra's attorney said, "We don't believe this was blow the standard of care nor do we believe it was malpractice."
A nurse at the hospital that tried to save Magdalena's life said, "I've never seen anything like this before and I don't want to again."
Safe and Legal: Myria McFadden
Life Dynamics lists 28-year-old Myria McFadden on their "Blackmun Wall" of women killed by legal abortions. LDI notes that Myria underwent a second-trimester abortion on December 7, 1987, in Washington, DC. The abortion was performed by Dr. Hazel Tape. Myria had trouble breathing after the abortion. Myria suffered heart and lung failure the day after the abortion. She died at Holy Cross Hospital in Silver Srpings on December 8.
Good news from South Dakota
There are two pieces of good news in this article:
1. The annual number of abortions in South Dakota continues to fall. In 2005, there are only 805, down from a 1982 peak of 1693. That's over a 50% drop!
2. The abortion lobby isn't calling for "increased access". At least not in this article.
Is childbirth safety even relevant?
By all means, yes, let's address childbirth mortality. Let's make better prenatal care available. Let's educate women about the importance of good nutrition before and during pregnancy. Let's develop protocols for referring high-risk women to specialists. Let's improve all aspects of obstetric care, for the better health and safety of mothers and babies. Or rather, let's continue to do so; after all, maternal mortality fell 90% in the United States in the 20th Century -- with most of that progress being made long before abortion was decriminalized. And women who resorted to abortion reaped the benefits of these as well. Helping women to be healthier, and addressing the remaining health concerns surrounding some women's pregnancies, are very laudable pursuits. Yes, by all means let's pursue them.
But let's not for a minute forget that none of this will change a thing about abortion practice. Better screening for gestational diabetes isn't going to clean up, say, the Alabama abortion clinics.
If the abortion lobby is serious about their often chanted mantra of "safe and legal," they'd do something to address "safe" other than obsessing with "legal." They'd investigate abortion mishaps the way the FAA investigates air travel mishaps. They'd make recommendations about preventing further mishaps. They would, in short, take abortion safety as seriously as they take abortion legality.
Safe and Legal: Katrina Poole
Anniversary: Botched abortion leads to amputation
"Nadine" went to Women's Medical Center of Los Angeles on December 5, 1981. She said later that the consent for her abortion was "obtained solely and directly as the result of certain false, misleading, deceitful, and fraudulent statements and representations and concealment of facts on the part of the defendants." Had it not been for the misrepresentations by clinic staff, Nadine said, she never would have consented to the abortion.
The abortion was performed by Emmanuel Brandeis. When the intravenous drugs were administered, damage was done to Nadine's nerves and tissues in her right hand. She had to have portions of her fingers amputated as a result. The consent forms had never mentioned amputation as a potential complication.
Nadine is not the only patient who required amputations as a result of something going wrong with an abortion. Patient "Lina," age 22, filed suit after an abortion performed by Oscar Gonzalez on April 1, 1985. Gonzales injected her with phenegren for the abortion, and sent her home afterward although her hand was swelling and developing a rash. When Lina's arm swelled and turned purple she went to the emergency room. Her arm developed gangrene and had to be amputated. Gonzalez reportedly admitted he may have misinjected the medication.
The most high-profile abortion amputation case is that of Carolina Gutierrez, who died after multiple amputations for post-abortion sepsis.
Narrowly averted abortion
Abortion vs. Premature Birth: Why My Wife and I Chose Life
What they put this couple through is inexcusable. Thank God there was a happy ending.
Another time I just couldn't resist:
BTW, that's Donny Osmond dancing. How white and nerdy can you get?
Illegal anniversary: Rita Shea
Queens patrolman Howard Bailey, morgue attendant Victor Genz, and a Texas medical student, Benjamin Lockhart, were arrested in the December 4, 1965 abortion death of Rita Shea, a 33-year-old Long Island woman. Lockhart confessed to performing the abortion in a motel room near Kennedy airport. After Rita died, her body was put in a car outside her home. Bailey, a married man, had evidently arranged the abortion to keep his affair with Rita a secret.
Having a child with Down syndrome changed everything.
Safe and Legal: Jackie Bailey, Cora Lewis, and "Ellen" Roe
On December 2, 1977, 29-year-old Jackie Bailey was injected with saline by Dr. Eboreime for an abortion at Pacific Glen Hospital in Los Angeles County. Five hours after Jackie expelled the dead baby, her condition appeared grave. Shortly after midnight, she was transferred to Memorial Hospital of Glendale.
Doctors at Memorial suspected a uterine laceration, so they performed exploratory surgery. The bleeding was so profuse that they then performed a hysterectomy in a last-ditch attempt to save her life. Jackie died just before sunrise on December 3.
The autopsy report found that Jackie's uterus had ruptured during the abortion, and that her uterine artery had been lacerated. She had bled to death from her injuries.
Twenty-three-year-old Cora Mae Lewis had her abortion at Inglewood on November 4, 1983. She had gonorrhea at the time of the abortion, which led to inflammation of the cervix and uterus.
Cora developed fever and chills after her abortion, and was finally admitted to a hospital on Novmber 11. She was aggressively treated for pneumonia, including surgery, but died December 3. The coroner attributed her death to pneumonia and lung abscess contributed to by the uterine and cervical inflammation.
Cora is one of many deaths currently attributed to Inglewood Women's Hospital (aka Inglewood Women's Clinic) in Los Angeles County. The others are Yvonne Tanner, Kathy Murphy, Belinda Byrd, Lynette Wallace, and Elizabeth Tsuji.
Abortionist Andre Nehorayoff was disciplined over the abortion death of a patient identified by the medical board as "Patient E." Since other accounts of her death refer to her as "Ellen Roe", I will use this psuedonom as well.
Nehorayoff performed an abortion and discharged Ellen from his facility on November 29, 1983. She was 18 years old and in the second trimester of pregnancy. Two days later, Nehorayoff recieved a lab report that detected only placental tissue in the specimen from Ellen's abortion, indicating that there was still a lot of fetal tissue in Ellen's body. Nehorayoff noted no attempt to notify Ellen of the incomplete abortion.
At 5:10 AM on December 3, Ellen was rushed to an emergency room. She was already in a coma upon admission. An hour and 10 minutes later, she was pronounced dead. At autopsy there was a portion of the fetal left leg protruding from the uterus, and the cause of death was determined to be from hemorrhaging due to the incomplete abortion.
Nehorayoff was also disciplined regarding Patient F, whom he left in a recovery room following her abortion on December 15, 1979, without any monitoring. She turned blue and no pulse could be detected. She was pronounced dead at a hospital.
"Oh Mama, Mama, it hurts so much!"
Teresa Causey clutched her mother's hand during her abortion by Joe Wesley McDaniel on December 3, 1988. Her mother later said that 17-year-old Teresa's last words were, "Oh, mama, mama, it hurts so much!" Then she lost consciousness on the abortion table.
When McDaniel was unable to awaken her, he tried smelling salts, slapped her face, then tried to reach another doctor before finally calling an ambulance.
Teresa had two perfortions of her uterus and two lacerated veins. She died of massive hemorrhage the day of her abortion.
An investigation found that McDaniel had been operating in an unlicensed facility, and that he had broken the law requiring abortions after 13 weeks be done in a hospital; Teresa had been 15 weeks pregnant. No charges were pressed against McDaniel for Teresa's death, the illegal abortion, or the unlicensed facility. Teresa left behind two children.
See Teresa's memorial at Find a Grave.
Just when you think human beings couldn't be more callous....
Woman Arrested in Boy's Dragging Death
A 40-year-old Maryland woman driving a Dodge Ram pickup struck a middle-aged woman and her 3-year-old grandson. She kept driving even though the stroller, with the child still in it, was stuck in the undercarriage of the truck. She continued driving for three quarters of a mile, until the mortally wounded toddler fell from the undercarriage. Whereupon the woman stopped, dislodged the stroller, and drove home.
Imagine that child's pain and terror. The unspeakable anguish of his family. And the utter and absolute failure of the driver, Lazara Arellano De Hogue, to exhibit a shred of concern or compassion.
We're supposed to pray for our enemies, and that includes people who exhibit the moral sensitivity of a great white shark. But you can't expect better from a shark. From a human being? Stopping your f***ing vehicle when you've hit somebody is Morality 101. This isn't some high and holy duty we can expect only from those blessed with more than ordinary grace. This isn't laying down your life for a stranger, or facing torture rather than betray your beliefs. It's just basic human decency. It doesn't seem like a whole lot to ask.
The man who struck and killed my friend stopped immediately and called 911 with his cell phone. He stayed at the scene, shaken and stunned, until the police had come and the dead man had been taken away. My heart breaks for him. I pray for him all the time. I wonder if he's okay. I wish him every good thing. His name is Ken, if anybody wants to add him to their prayer list.
The truck driver who ran over Rich Mullins stopped. Rich's mother asked the mourners at the memorial service to remember him and pray for him. And I do. That's got to be hard, to swerve to miss an overturned vehicle and instead end up running over a man. Still, he stopped. And evidently he summoned help, saving the life of Rich's friend who lay unconscious on the side of the road. He didn't just keep driving and leave Mitch to die.
But this woman. Was this panic?
When Sandra Kaiser threw herself into traffic, the man who hit her stopped immediately. He stood near her, waving his arms, trying to stop other traffic. A woman saw him, but didn't see Sandra lying on the road. She ran over the girl and drove home. But she told her friend something strange had happened, and together they went to the scene to find Sandra being loaded into an ambulance. The woman who ran over Sandra panicked, but she did right when she came to her senses. I often think about her, about the man driving the first car, about the people who had to deal with that tragedy. And I pray for them.
This woman? What in the world was going through her head?
In the mean time, prayers for the family, the cops, the EMS workers, the witnesses to this brutal crime. Their sleep will be haunted for the rest of their lives.
May De Hogue have humanity enough to hurt over what she's done. That much I can pray for.
UPDATE: De Hogue was sentenced to ten years. An autopsy found that the child, Elijah, had survived the initial impact, but suffered fatal injuries during the dragging, which ripped the flesh right off of him. He was still alive -- barely -- when a police officer, following the trail of blood and shredded clothing -- found him.
De Hogue's priest said that she cries all the time and asks for prayers for Elijah and his family. So the prayer is answered -- she did find enough humanity to have remorse. After it was too late to be of any good to anybody but herself.
Comparative safety: Abortion and stuff people get ...
Safe and Legal: Jackie Bailey, Cora Lewis, and "El...
Just when you think human beings couldn't be more ...
Lesser Things
An old story, but new to me
Choice Irony
Safe and Legal: Tamika Dowdy
Illegal anniversary: Doris Becker
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Politics, Economics, Global
Emira Woods
Associate Fellow at Institute for Policy Studies
Emira Woods is a strategist, researcher, and advocate specialising in social impact and innovation. She has served as the Director of Social Impact at ThoughtWorks, a global technology firm committed to economic and social justice. Her work has been to forge and sustain strategic relationships linking social movements to innovative technology, funding, policymakers and other resources. Originally from Liberia, Emira led ThoughtWorks’ efforts to bring more robust technology solutions to the Ebola crisis. This includes addressing the need for more real-time Information – GIS mapping of incidences; mobile-data collection/mobile-service-delivery; and health information management systems
Prior to ThoughtWorks, Ms. Woods worked at the D.C. based think-tank, Institute for Policy Studies, as Director of Foreign Policy In Focus. Her focus was on research, analysis, advocacy and communications/media regarding U.S. foreign policy, with a particular expertise in US-Africa policy. During her career she spent eight years as the Africa Program Officer with Oxfam America and four years as Manager of Development Policy and Practice at InterAction, the U.S. network of intentional development and humanitarian organizations.
Emira serves on the Board of Directors of Action Aid International, the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative, Africa Council and the Association of Concerned Africa Scholars. She remains an Associate Fellow of the Institute for Policy Studies. Ms. Woods has been a regular commentator on CNN’s Your World Today, BBC’s The World Today (Weekend), and appears regularly on Al Jazeera, National Public Radio, CCTV and Voice of America. She has written on a range of issues from climate change, debt, labor rights, trade and development to U.S. military policy. Ms. Woods completed her undergraduate studies in Political Science at Columbia University and her graduate studies in Political Economy and Government at Harvard.
Completed: November 24, 2015
Connecting American Foreign Policy to Economic Policy
One of the long-term threats to American national security is the hollowing out of the middle class and the increasing economic stratification of American society. How can American foreign policy and military spending be reworked to help create a different kind of domestic economy? How can the U.S. promote trade policies that would enhance shared prosperity rather than increasing inequality? Can national defense policies with lower military budgets shift public resources and help rebuild the American middle class? Can we promote the adoption of these economic ideals abroad and help reshape the global economy?
Participants: Robert Johnson, Brad DeLong, Linda Bilmes, Steve Clemons, Emira Woods, Peter Leyden
ExplorePolitics, Economics, Global
Defense, Development & Diplomacy: The Unbalanced Stool of Foreign Policy
The three-legged stool of American foreign policy - defense, diplomacy, and development - is wildly out of balance. The United States has always spent a large portion of its budget on defense, but 9/11 drastically altered patterns of military spending.
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Prometheus Has Landed
After finally going to see Ridley Scott's new movie about the post-constructed origins of his original classic, I have found myself pondering a new question: How does a science fiction author decide what to explain and what not to? We can look to the first Alien film for some excellent guidance. In that film, the origins of the alien creature and the ship that it was found in are never explained. This worked very well because the question was not really relevant to the plot and the mystery that it engendered added intrigue to the story, not frustration or confusion, and ultimately led to the making of Prometheus. An example of something that was explained in Alien is the reason the Nostromo was beckoned to the planet in the first place. That detail was central to the plot and was dramatically revealed at just the right point by Ian Holm's disembodied head. With these examples in front of us, what can we make of all the unexplained material in Prometheus? This film is by the same director and within the very same story arc, and yet it is riddled with illogical nonsense that attempts to get a pass simply for being unexplained!
=================[mild spoilers follow]=========================
But before I get into that, let me squarely lay out the best and worst aspects of the movie. The best elements were in the technical arena - acting, direction, and the stunning visuals which make the film enjoyable to watch. The credit lands squarely in director Scott's lap. The vast landscapes are obvious, but I particularly remember the final scenes of the crashing ship as being quite stunning. They must have had some help from CGI but it sure looked convincingly real. The worst element was hands down the completely unnecessary final scene. It was obviously an attempt to connect the story with the original Alien but it was poorly done, was in the wrong place in the film, and was overly gratuitous. It was so far from the subtlety you would expect from director Scott that I'm loathe to believe he approved of it. It also spoiled a perfectly good ending scene just before it. Anyway, if you are still reading and planning to see the film spoiler free, don't go any further.
=================[major spoilers below]=========================
Going back to the unexplained, lets look at the main thesis of the film. The opening scene of Prometheus seems to show the creation of life on a lifeless planet (presumably earth) when one of the "Engineers" (so named because alien is used for the creatures) distributes his DNA into the water cycle. The idea that either life itself or its molecular building blocks came to earth from somewhere else, and that this event jump started evolution, has been around at least a few centuries under the name panspermia, or more recently, exogenesis. It hung around even within scientific circles because to this day science has nothing that even comes close to a viable theory for the origin of life. I always found that amusing since the space seed theory doesn't explain life's origin either - it just places it somewhere else where it may have been met with better conditions... uh, right. Let's move on.
But the film doesn't even try to be scientific on this matter. First, there is clearly vegetation on the planet already when the Engineer arrives. If they did some terraforming in advance, then where did the DNA for the plants come from? It is made of the same molecules as animal life. Let us then assume that the deposited DNA is the seed that begins animal evolution. We find out later that the Engineer's DNA matches up almost perfectly with ours. If the evolution of life is based on random mutations (as believed today), then the chances the end product would match the DNA seed material is absolutely zero. If instead we are to believe the Engineers continually visited Earth to guide the process, then why would they need to seed it with their own DNA to begin with? How about this... the Engineer at the beginning looks exactly like the ones seen in 2089, but if the planet in the opening is earth, they would have been separated by roughly a billion years. Wouldn't the Engineers' race have evolved in that time too? If the opening represented a more recent event on another planet as an illustration, you have the same problem in reverse. They were doing the same exact thing a billion years ago? What an inconsistent mess!
There are lots of unexplained things that can be chalked up to the weirdness of alien fiction, like why the mother ship in the opening is different from the one at the end, the meaning of the mural on the ceiling of the armory chamber, or that big stone head bust which they use on all the movie posters. It may look cool, but it's just a random item in the film. On the other hand, there are also lots of unexplained things that look like oversights or just poor story telling. I've listed below some that struck me as I left the theater:
David reports that he has been studying the origins of human language to its common roots and thus believes somehow that he can communicate with the Engineers. When the opportunity comes to do so, the Engineer responds to his query by going on a rampage. No communication ever takes place, an element that might have added some interest to the story. Instead, we don't even know what question was asked.
One of my few complaints about the original Alien is how the creature grew so fast without consuming food. At least that was off screen and took a few days. In one scene in this film, the creature in the operating chamber grows rapidly before our eyes in a matter of seconds. That's just not biologically possible even for an alien.
If David's goal was to capture the alien offspring in cryogenic stasis, why didn't he just keep Dr. Shaw sedated? Instead he lets her awaken and tells her she's pregnant? He seemed so much more cunning in other scenes.
I was reminded of this one on another review site - David finds some green goo on the wall when they first enter the caves. That usually means some dangerous creature is lurking around. It is never explained and never appears again, and it turns out there is nothing living in the cave system when they first arrive.
Before David effectively poisons Holloway, he asks him "How far would you be willing to go to find your answer?". When Holloway answers that he would do anything, this supposedly gives David a justification for his action. Since David is a robot, why does he need justification? He does not seek justification for other unethical actions in the film. But even if he was programmed to seek it, Holloway's answer does not logically provide it! The answer assumes willing participation. David gave Holloway no choice in the matter. A human might make such an erroneous transfer, but not a robot driven by logic.
One of the more interesting characters in the film was the android David. As I witnessed the completely unethical methods he used to achieve his master's goals, including outright deception, it reminded me of the rationale behind Asimov's laws of robotics. David certainly broke the first law by performing a fatal experiment on Holloway. In a world where robots have no constraints on their behavior, wouldn't it be impossible for humans to trust them?
The final oddity I have to mention is that for a prequel, there really isn't much connection to the actual events in Alien. Even though the Engineer's ship crashes in the end, we know it is not the ship found by the Nostromo because, among other things, the pilot leaves his cockpit. Indeed, I have read that the planet they visit is not even the same one as in the original. It almost seems like a smooth connection had been thought out but the script was changed at the last minute. In fact, most of my complaints are with the script, and I hear the re-work was done by Damon Lindelof, one of the writers for the Lost TV series. I would conclude he is probably the wrong person to be writing science fiction. Look at all the unexplained stuff he left over at the end of Lost, and it got those fans upset about it too. I wouldn't be paying it much attention if this film had not represented such a historic opportunity, one that I'm sure will not come around again.
Alien Covenant Update
I was a bit nervous about going to see the next film in Ridley Scott's franchise. Interviews with Scott has him declaring he intends to scare the <bleep> out of the audience. The movie poster art is filled with scary images and words like "run", "hide", "scream", etc. I had to search to find one to post here to keep it family friendly. For the previous film, Mr. Scott seemed more interested in making it cinematically beautiful, once of his directorial strengths, and he achieved that. I think he got so much blow back from fans about how "un-scary" Prometheus was that he was determined to give them what they wanted. Sadly, the film turned out to be not so much scary as it was grotesque. The use of CGI was pretty bad and the amount of gore was just gratuitous. What they did with David's character was dark and unfortunate, and the twist at the end was rather obvious. They filled the ship with lovely young couples which just gave them more ways to kill people off, just like any two-bit horror flick. It's one of the few films I watched for this blog that I wish I could erase from memory. Let's hope our original Alien director did this to kill the franchise so he could focus on his much higher quality endeavors.
Now You See Me...
If I had to name one technology from science fiction that I would love to see turned into reality, it would be the invisibility cloak. The most famous examples that I can think of are the wrist devices used by the Predator aliens and the cloaking devices used by the Romulans in Star Trek. It's kind of interesting that both literary examples put the technology in the hands of the enemy. Maybe that's because we Americans consider hiding behind a cloak as a cowardly fighting tactic. But in the real U.S. military, I'm certain governments have spent millions on the problem. Partial solutions have been implemented in the past. Submarines, for example, were invented for this very reason. Smart missiles designed to fly below radar while navigating local terrain and stealth fighter planes that directly avoid radar detection. The fact that complete invisibility has never been achieved illustrates the near impossible ubiquity that such an invisibility cloak presents.
A while back Mercedes came out with a fuel cell powered vehicle and decided to promote the concept by creating an invisible car. They draped LED mats on one side of a B-class hatchback and put a camera on the other side, then hooked them together so the camera image could be transmitted live to the LED array on the other side. The end result can be seen in the promotional video below:
I show this to illustrate at least one way to approach a cloaking technology. Absorb the incident light and then re-transmit it on the opposite side in all directions. The reason it doesn't quite work is that light doesn't just pass through an object through its center - it comes at it from every possible angle. As can be seen in the Mercedes clip, the invisible car effect only works in one direction and from a specific distance away, and it requires objects on the camera side to be sufficiently far away. To accomplish the real effect, an object would need to be covered with tiny cameras, each of which could capture video in every direction. It would also be covered with tiny projectors, each of which could transmit (different) video in every direction. All these would need to be connected to a network backbone so that every camera could send real time data to every projector. Even if this mesh of physical equipment could be brought down to nanotech scales, the wiring and bandwidth requirements would render it physically unworkable.
Most of the real research today in cloaking centers around a technique that deflects the path of light around an object. This is usually accomplished with new types of composite materials that can produce negative refraction. So far it's only been done either on a microscopic scale or only in one direction. For larger objects, the problems described above don't go away. Think of it this way - even if you wanted to hide a perfect sphere, there is still a beam of photons traveling between every two points on the sphere in both directions. It is unlikely that any system of angle deflection could handle such a complex problem. I say unlikely only because our understanding of the physics of negative refraction is so new that I can't rule out some new discovery that might actually do the trick. I just wouldn't put money on it.
There is one final method of achieving invisibility, which is to somehow allow the light to pass right through the object, rendering it temporarily transparent. If I were writing a story that required a cloaking device, this is the method I would choose to play with. Could you alter the matter to prevent its interaction with light? Even better, could you transfer the visible spectrum to another medium that does not interact with matter? Neutrinos pass through anything, but they are hard little buggers to harness. If you want to just cloak a human being, modulating the light down to the RF range would allow it to pass right through and then be modulated back again on the other side, but the loss in directional focus might kill that idea. What about ultrasound? I've heard there are ways to focus sound waves down to the microscopic range. The problem is that it bounces off every density change in your body. No matter what you do, the directional topology problem is still there, but at least direct transfer gets the information to its target location and puts it slightly closer to the realm of possibility.
The writers of Star Trek never really tried to explain how a cloaking device actually worked, and that's generally the way it goes in most of the sci-fi that I've encountered so far. It would be neat to see more attempts at explaining to readers how an invisibility cloak could plausibly become a reality.
Prometheus Rising
Waiting for Ridley Scott's new Alien prequel has been a very unique experience for me. Having experienced the original Alien as a teenager, and recognizing that it achieved classic status apart from all the successors that followed, there is a certain giddiness about the fact that Scott is returning to the franchise. At the same time, being an adult, I don't want to raise my expectations unreasonably high and then be sorely disappointed. For example, when the first trailers appeared it was very exciting because you could tell at least the look of the film would be good, and that is not surprising given this particular director's strengths. But as more trailers followed, I began to worry that the story would be too simplistic and that they were revealing too much of it too soon. After all, it was the script that contributed to the first film's success just as much as the direction, and the writing crew is a new team with a generation of legacy to deal with.
This push and pull continued even as the marketing tool of the new millennium, the viral video, was utilized by the promoters of the film. The setting of the first clip, a future TED conference in 2023, was a really great idea, and it showed there was some thought put into the pre-history of the prequel itself, but the content of the speech was overdramatized and Guy Pearce's execution was poor.
Then everything changed when the second viral video made its full debut, with Michael Fassbender as the android David. Not only was it executed wonderfully but it showed some real science fiction worthy thought behind it. It is portrayed as a marketing video for the Weyland corporation's new line of "8th generation" android, and features a faceless interviewer asking David various questions. The extraordinary part comes when the robot is asked "David, what makes you sad?". The android begins to recite very general topics that are associated with sadness like war, poverty, and cruelty while also shedding profuse tears from both eyes and exhibiting just a hint of sorrow in his expression. Then he adds, "I understand human emotions, although I do not feel them myself". I practically leapt for joy! After years of watching robots portrayed as either emotionless or as actually having feelings, someone finally had enough insight to predict that when we humans eventually do build robots, we will program them to respond as we would ourselves, even though the emotional responses would simply be mimicked, not felt. It would of course be up to the designer to decide whether or not to include in the robot's programming an awareness of this distinction as shown in the video, but doing so makes it even more fun. David goes on to explain why he has been programmed to exhibit emotion, including "making it easier for my human counterparts to interact with me". I personally don't care all that much about where the space jockey came from, but if the script has some of that kind of insight within it, then there's no need to fear disaster. To top it off, the video ends with a close-up showing the Weyland Industries logo perfectly embedded within the android's fingerprint. Superb.
Click here for my thoughts on the film after its release.
Nuclear Ants
A lot of old black-and-white science fiction films were created in the 1950's. Most of them were gloriously bad, some were decent, but only a handful could be described as great movie making. I recently re-watched one such film that I remember first seeing as a kid with my Father. It was a 1954 film called simply "Them!" (yes, including the punctuation), which is not the kind of title you would expect to be associated with anything of quality. But Dad never watched anything that didn't sport an intellectual angle, and even as a kid I could tell this one was a bit different from the usual monster movie. Made during the cold war era, it carries a message about the dangers of using Earth's natural resources as a test laboratory for a science so new (nuclear fission) and an application so destructive (nuclear weapons) that it is impossible to predict the unintended consequences.
I am inclined to forgive the writers in 1954, when nuclear science was still young, for coming up with the now ridiculous and overused premise that fallout radiation can cause genetic mutations sufficient enough to turn ordinary creatures into giant monsters. At least this film gave the ants 9 years of successive generations to do it. In reality, it should take closer to several million years and would require environmental conditions tailored to produce gigantism. But once you get past that, everything else is approached with such scientific rigor, thanks to the role played by Edmund Gwenn, the chief scientist assigned to the case. He and his also scientist daughter actually postulate the incredible theory of what's happening just by examining the footprints. It is they who hatch the plan (pardon the pun) to eliminate the nest, investigate and discover two queens have escaped the New Mexico desert where the original nuclear testing was done in 1945, and convince the U.S. military of the urgency to find them and hunt them down. A 24-hour media monitoring effort ensues to look for any evidence of their location. One queen ends up settling onto a Navy ship which is eventually sunk, and the other heads to the underground storm drain system of Los Angeles, where they have to go in and rescue two children before they can torch the place.
Watching it now, I can really appreciate the quality of the screenplay, acting, and direction. The focus is on the story and characters more than the ants themselves, which are only shown when necessary to advance the plot elements, and with a good balance of action and drama. You also have to admire the fact that the ants were all life-size mechanically operated replicas. Given that, they don't look half bad. The Wikipedia write-up says it was nominated for its special effects and that it was the first "big bug" movie, bestowing it with at least some historic precedent.
Below is an original trailer. Don't be too put off by the dramatic music and opening titles - it was pretty standard for the time period. And its interesting that the beginning quote in this clip is actually uttered in the movie by the scientist in a private meeting, not proclaimed by a TV announcer. Yes, Hollywood marketing has been around a long time.
Back when I was in grade school, my father worked for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory during a time when they were beginning to explore the nearby planets in our solar system. He used to bring home photos of flybys over Jupiter from the Pioneer 10 and 11 satellites and had a whole collection of Mars and Venus flybys from the Mariner days. These were high quality photo prints which I was able to grasp were not only historically important but rare to obtain in the format I was seeing them. I can still remember the day when he brought home a set of photos of the surface of Mars, the first ever taken, from the Viking program. Viking had two vehicles, an Orbiter and a Lander, and my Dad was on the Mars Lander team. You just don't forget things like that.
Mars came to my mind again recently when reading an article that mentioned the upcoming release of a sci-fi film called John Carter of Mars. What got my attention was that he talked as if it was a long awaited event, and yet I hadn't heard of it before. I looked it up and discovered it is an old series from the first half of the 20th century created by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Although that name sounded really familiar, I couldn't quite put a finger on it, so it was back to googling again and then a surprise when I found the origin of my recollection - Burroughs also created the original Tarzan series! That put the upcoming film in a new light, because it is clear now that we have a story that has some staying power, written by someone with proven success. According to the Wikipedia link, Burroughs grew up during the pulp fiction era of American literature and actually wrote a great number of science fictions stories and serials which were published in parallel with his Tarzan adventure series. Long awaited indeed.
It's kind of amazing how much of a role our nearest planetary neighbor has played in the history of sci-fi literature. I managed to find this fairly comprehensive survey of this very topic. What's really neat about the list is that, for each entry, it describes how the red planet itself and its Martian inhabitants were depicted. Two things about it stick out for me. One is the wildly speculative nature of works prior to the satellite programs in the 1960's. The second is the vast array of authors that have dabbled in the subject. All the big names are there - Clarke, Asimov, Heinlein, Bradbury (of course), Wells (of course again), and even Philip K. Dick. Also listed there with a range from 1912 to 1943 is Burroughs own series in which Mars is referred to as Barsoom by its warlike inhabitants.
Now I don't expect to find much thought provoking science fiction in JCM. Both the film trailers and the nature of the period in which they were written (Buck Rogers, etc.), tells me it is more of an adventure story than anything else, a Tarzan in space, if you will. Add to that the Disney label and you have a nice family adventure film. I'm eager to see if they will try to explain away the imaginative world of E.R. Burroughs on this 100 year anniversary of the first work, or just throw reality unapologetically out the window. The historic nature of the material means I am compelled to go see it even if just to be able to comment on it here.
Well, when JCM finally came out in theaters, it flew by like an owl in the night. I was so busy tending to the birth of my second child that I had to wait for it on pay-per-view. Word was that it didn't do so well and I was eager to see what had happened. I'll begin with the good points. As I had expected, one of the strongest aspects of the film was the overall story. All the elements of great storytelling were there, alongside a very colorful and well developed set of characters which were in fact well cast and rather well portrayed. Another striking aspect of the film was the effectiveness of the CGI motion capture used on all the Thark characters. Although James Cameron pioneered the technique in Avatar, this movie seamlessly maps the actors' performances onto a body type much less similar to the human form. The Tharks display a wide range of emotion on an elongated face with eyes at the top and two large tusks protruding from the cheeks. They use four limbs with ease and can lock tusks in combat and it all looks so natural. And I must say that some of the best performances come from the Thark characters like Tars (Willem Dafoe) and Sola (Samantha Morton). Heck, even the martian dog Woola turns out to be a great character.
It is sad that in spite of all this, the film's fall from grace is mainly due to a barrage of technical problems. The music isn't quite right here, the directing could be better there, the dialogue just a bit too corny in places, and oh the editing! Critics rightly pick at the opening scene for being way to early and involved, many of the battle scenes are chaotic and hard to follow, and there are glaring holes that seem like they were cut out to save running time. Sola's origins, a crucial part of her character arc, are passed over with a line. John Carter's remorse for not being able to save his family, another crucial character element, is flashed back at a turning point in the film without having introduced it in the first place. Perhaps they cut out his telling of the story to Deja Thoris, which would explain how a glance at his wedding ring could remind her of his past love when no one ever explained to her what a wedding ring is. Someone must have thought that all the ubiquitous action scenes were more important to the story than the character arcs. I hope they notice what happened at the box office.
I've heard that Burroughs' original tale is much richer in content and perhaps it needed to be broken into several films to do it justice. To answer my original curiosity about its connection to reality, it takes place in the mid 1800's, and there's an implication that the planet Mars is on its way out. However, there's so much that reaches into the world of fantasy - eternal beings, humanoid martians, voodoo like energy sources, transporters based on incantations - that I suppose it doesn't much matter. What does matter is the contribution that Mr. Burroughs' made the world of science fiction.
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You Are: Home | Indictment Brought In Peanut Salmonella Case
Indictment Brought In Peanut Salmonella Case
In the wake of one of the deadliest salmonella outbreaks, the ex-owner and several workers of a now-closed peanut company have been named in a 76-count indictment that charges fraud and conspiracy, according to The New York Times.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/22/business/us-charges-former-owner-and-employees-in-peanut-salmonella-case.html?_r=0
Stewart Parnell, the former owner of Peanut Corp. of America (PCA), was among those charged in the indictment, which legal experts told The Times was very unusual. They said that the government rarely brings criminal charges in food safety cases.
The difference in the PCA case is that authorities believe that Parnell and PCA shipped peanut products that they knew were contaminated around the country, sparking a salmonella outbreak in 2009 that killed nine people and made more than 700 sick, according to The Times. In contrast, most food safety cases involve negligence, unknowingly distributing tainted goods.
Parnell’s defense attorney denied the charges, saying his client did not know that the PCA products were contaminated.
The indictment charges that Parnell, two PCA employees and a broker knew that a lab had found salmonella in peanut products made in the company’s plant in Blakely, Ga., but they did not tell their customers about those test results, The Times reported.
http://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/61201322111426350488.pdf
PCA filed for bankruptcy in 2009, and a fifth person has pleaded guilty to charges stemming from the case.
Tagged on: conspiracy, criminal fraud, federal indictment, Peanut Corp. of America, peanut salmonella outbreak, salmonella outbreak, Stewart Parnell
By Gordon Johnson | February 23, 2013 | Uncategorized | No Comments |
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Event Title: Chairman Senate stressed the Promotion of football at national level on priority basis
Promotion of football shall be encouraged at national level. This was stated by Chairman Senate Muhammad Sadiq Sanjrani while presiding over a meeting of the Committee constituted for the purpose to promote the sports of football and make concrete and coordinated efforts for providing better opportunities to the youth. He said that Pakistan is a country where is a huge potential for the sports of football that remains untapped due non-availability of proper infrastructure and other facilities.
Chairman Senate has always taken keen interest in the sports and is cognizant of the issues being faced in this particular sport. Chairman Senate has also approached 50 CEOs of country’s leading private sector companies to play their role and join hand in the efforts for the promotion of football in the country. He mentioned with disappointment that not a single international standard football ground existed in the country and efforts should be made with support of the private sector to build such facilities for the promotion of sports of football. Sanjrani said that the Committee would make efforts to put in solid recommendations for the development of infrastructure, explore talent and provide better opportunities for training to promote the game of football. Football is very popular game, however, the players need encouragement and patronage,
Sanjrani said in a statement. He said that two football stadium of international standard would be constructed in Quetta and Gwadar cities of Balochistan with the assistance of the Chinese government.
The Committee would take all the stakeholders on board and has decided to chalk out a viable plan to bring some positive change in the existing structure. The Committee was attended by Senators Shibli Faraz, Leader of the House in Senate, Muhammad Ali Khan Saif, Dr. Asad Ashraf, Mirza Muhammad Afridi, Ahmad Khan and President Pakistan Football Federation Ashfaq Hussain Shah.
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Classical Excursions Virtual Lecture Series
Wow, what a month we just had! Like every arts organization ACM needs your support to survive these perilous times. But we’re not just sticking our hand out.
We’ve launched a new series, hosted by yours truly, called Classical Excursions that is a virtual lecture series about key moments in classical music history.
With my signature mix of humor, fascinating insights and the occasional inaccuracy I’ll cover four of my favorite topics. Check ’em out and sign up now!
Why not start the lecture series with a musical portrait of the city where I’m currently quarantined? New York City has seen some of the most important developments in classical music
I’ll start with the arrival of Antonin Dvorak in1893 and talk about the influence of Harry T. Burleigh on his music which serves as a great stepping stone to George Gershwin and Duke Ellington and then it’s off to Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein, minimalism, the uptown/downtown divide and more!
The Romantic Era in music, as in all of the arts, was an era of wild creativity and wild excess. Seth will give backdrop on the era and give historical perspective on key figures including the man who started it all, E.T.A. Hoffman.
Music by several of the most important composers of the era will be featured including Franz Schubert, Felix and Fanny Mendelssohn, Hector Berlioz, Robert Schumann and more.
Composers throughout all eras have obsessed over the idea of national identity even, in the case of Jean Sibelius and Finland, been instrumental in helping create a national identity through their music.
I’ll discuss how composers in the Czech Republic, United States of America, Russia, England, France, Poland, China and Germany have wrestled with or embraced nationalism and how it affected their music.
Before there were rap battles there was the epic, well ok maybe not epic but certainly consequential, showdown between two titans of 20th century music: Igor Stravinsky and Arnold Schoenberg.
This lecture will talk about how each composer had a hand in indelibly defining a century of classical music with reverberations continuing today.
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There Is No Salvation
By Shlomoh Sherman
Today I had to kill some time at the local public library while my girl friend's daughter spent time on a computer. I wandered off in search of a book or two to peruse and found myself in the Religion Section [what a surprise]!
I found Karen Armstrong's THE BATTLE FOR GOD and began skimming the chapters. THE BATTLE FOR GOD is about the rise of Fundamentalism in the last half of the 20th century. Skipping over most of the sections on Islam, I concentrated on the rise of Fundamentalism in the post 1967 Jewish and Christian communities.
What I found was a constant and ongoing tension and friction between the religious and secular world views in both communities. It is the tension and friction between what I consider the modern and premodern mindset. As the world entered the modern era, there was a strong commitment on the part of many people to hold on to the sure and comforting ways of their forefathers. Change is difficult for many people and new concepts can be confusing to those who rely on 'the true" and tested. Not only confusing but in a real sense, threatening.
As the 19th century was ending and new scientific discoveries were penetrating the everyday lives of the masses, people of faith began to react to the implications of these discoveries. As the 20th century wore on, conservative thinking people began to spontaneously organize themselves into communities of socio-religious action.
For centuries, European [and by extension, American] man had lived his life with a comforting sameness. Now he had to confront a new world filled with new ideas. His attitude can be summed up by the idea of the New Society and the True Society. What was true had no need of the new. What was new was simply not true.
This attitude burst forth with amazing force in late 20th century America. The 1960s was a decade of swift and dramatic changes within society, and much of this change was accompanied by noise and violence.
It was also accompanied by the growing strength of the South and Southerners' awareness of this new power. For a century, the South struggled with the memory of the loss of the Civil War and the suffering that accompanied its defeat by the North. For a century, America was dominated by the ideas and ideals of the North. Until the election of Jimmy Carter, there had not been a US president from Dixie since the end of the Civil War. The North set the tone for much of what the nation encountered in its daily life. Science, entertainment, news; social change emanated from the North.
But the 1960s changed that. By the time that the decade ended, there was a growing awareness that most of the country's strategic military installations were located in the south. NASA's base of operations was in the south. A news reporter of the day once quipped, If the Civil War were fought today, the South would win.
But there was more. Northerners had discovered the South and its potential. Northerners began to leave their cold homes and to move down to a more hospitable climate. Competition between North and South began to disappear and peoples who had once looked upon each other suspiciously as long time enemies began to merge together in communities with a new mind. The South transformed itself into an area of new found potentials. The transformation affected all areas of Southern society, including religious society.
Traditionally the South has been more conservative minded than other areas of the country. Religion in the South has also been of a traditional nature. I mentioned that there has existed a modern and premodern mindset, living side by side in America. I identify secular society with the former and religious society with the latter.
Religious conservatism that has come to be known as Fundamentalism found its voice in the South and spread out to the rest of conservative America. It was a revolt against what Fundamentalism considered to be the workings of God's Enemy.
Secular society and its lawmakers finally decided to put into practice what they believed the Framers of the Constitution wanted for America. What was put into legal practice in America was deemed antithetical to the teachings of Biblical Christianity. As far as conservative Christians were concerned, secular "radicals" were pulling America down the road to Hell by going against the traditional teachings of the Bible. And how were these "godless radicals" going against the Bible and against God's wishes? By the de-religionization of our children's schools, they were denying the children's ability to praise God in school. By ensuring the equality of females, they were doing away with God's plan that the woman be confined to the job of home-maker. By protecting the rights of homosexuals, they were creating a new Sodom on American soil. By giving women the right to determine the outcome of their pregnancies, they were committing nationwide infanticide. By integrating negroes into American society and making them legally the equal of whites, they were thwarting God's intentions in that He had created the black man as an inferior meant to serve the white man. These were some of the issues that Southerners such as Pat Robertson and Jerry Fallwell took up as new crusades, attracting millions of angry Americans as disciples and apostles.
In a prior time, many conservative Christians had kept themselves aloof from politics because they felt it to be too much "of the world". But in 1980, that changed. Taking a cue from various other groups in America, they realized that the best way to make changes in society and to bring America back to God was to politicize and try to influence the outcome of elections. Thereby they might put into power as leaders of America men whom they considered to be godly.
In the space of four decades, America went from a nation of Roosevelt liberals to Reagan and Bush conservatives. The Party of Reagan and Bush became strongly identified with Christian religion, as it is today, so much so that the economic philosophies of that Party became entwined with conservative religious philosophies - to the economic detriment of many a new Christian Republican.
In Israel, there was also the phenomenon of the Jewish religious Fundamentalist. The new Israeli Jewish Fundamentalist was just as vehemently opposed to his country's godless secularists as his Christian American counterpart. He also strove to turn Israel into a premodern society. And he had an impetus that the American Christian lacked. His nation had won a tremendous victory in what could only be thought of as an Apocalypse. America could not beat one country, North Vietnam. It could not beat one country, Iraq. Israel had beaten three countries in a war and had driven their armies out of territories that Israel now controlled. After 2000 years of defeat, the Jewish nation was now victorious. Surely God had spoken. Yet the secular leaders of the country turned their backs on the miraculous victory. With less success than their American Christian counterparts, Israel's Jewish Fundamentalists called on their countrymen to return to God and His commandments as interpreted by rabbis who wrote and preached in premodern times.
There is a commonality between Christian and Jewish Fundamentalists - the belief that a return to "that old time religion" will bring about the age of the Messiah, a Golden Age in which all of our troubles will disappear. All we need do is be worthy of that messianic age. The Messiah is the ultimate rationale for Jewish and Christian Fundamentalist agendas, and for Fundamentalist activism in America and Israel.
The idea of the Coming Messiah is an ongoing constant in the minds of both Jewish and Christian Fundamentalists. What is the Messiah all about? The idea of the Messiah was born in the minds of ancient Israelites, and although many cultures may have an idea of a Special Rescuer, only the Jewish idea of Messiah has affected the history of the human race as none other.
How is it that Jews came up with the idea of a Messiah, the Ultimate Rescuer?
There is much that we can learn from Jewish Scripture. The Jewish Bible tells us how Jews looked at and interpreted their history. Anyone reading the Bible inevitably draws the conclusion that it contains a story of failure. It is replete with tales of the failure of people in general and of Jewish failure specifically. As the Jews looked back upon the human history and the Jewish history presented in their scriptures, they saw repeatedly man's failure to comply with the wishes of God, either out of spite or out of inadequacy. God's demands seemed to be reasonable enough but man could not, or would not, comply with those demands. It was bad enough that this was true of nonJews. But what was most unforgivable to the Jews who looked back upon their sad history was that God had singled out their nation for a most glorious place in the world as a people chosen by Him to be a shining example to humanity of how human life is to be lived, how a good society is to comport itself, how a divinely inspired community rises up to meet the challenges of its divine destiny, and yet, over and over they had FAILED to live up to those challenges.
Read the Book of Kings and the Book of Chronicles and see the unraveling of Jewish history. One generation of Israelites and their king is God-fearing, followed by a generation of evil-doers who displease their God. Then the story repeats, over and over, good generation followed by not so good generation, world without end. One would think that having reached the level of the ideal society which pleases God, that the Jews would be able to maintain that state of grace, bringing the rest of humanity to the knowledge of God. But no. They slide back, over and over. The prophets rail, and shout, and warn, and threaten. To no avail. It's all in the DNA. Apparently the same people, both good and evil, keep being born over and over, and keep repeating the same predictable behavior, the good being constantly undone by the evil.
Finally, sick and tired of all this failure on the part of His Chosen People, God vents His anger and displeasure upon them, and they become the world's scapegoat.
And so finally the realization sets in. Yes, God has chosen the Jews to be His People - but they fall short of what He expects and demands of them in that position. It has become obvious that they will never succeed on their own. They are the Chosen People but still they are just ordinary people, like the rest of humanity, - they are limited, flawed human beings. In order to accomplish what God wills, they will have to produce an extra-ordinary man to lead them into God's kingdom. This special man will have none of the weaknesses that ordinary humans have. He will, of necessity, be Superhuman in his ability to be the Perfect Jew, and thereby cause all Jews to achieve perfection in the eyes of God.
And so, when the world turned dark for Jews, the one light that kept them going was the promise and hope that the Super Jew would be sent by God to turn on the everlasting light for Israel and the world. He is the Special Rescuer.
Whether the Messiah is born naturally in the manner of all men or whether he is born of a virgin is an insignificant difference. Whether he is killed and resurrected or whether he is not killed and succeeds with his mission immediately is of little consequence. He is, like Neo in the story of The Matrix, the One who will fix all the unfixable of life's problems. If only the demonic and God-hating secularists will stop all this equality and civil rights nonsense and allow God to run the country as He instructed Tom Jefferson and Ben Franklin, then the nation will merit the coming of the Rescuer. If only we get enough God-Fearing officials elected, then he will come. But the unConstitutional, liberal, unChristian interpreters of the Constitution continuously thwart this goal.
After Reagan got elected, it appeared that Messiah was on his way, coming. After Begin became Israel's PM, it looked as though he was about to come. But no. The godless refused to honor the TORAH or the way of Christ, and so the Messiah made a U-Turn and went back from where he came.
The DNA still is at work in the modern world as it was in the premodern world. The same assholes keep being born over and over. It's no matter whether they are religious assholes or secular assholes, it's the same story. So the world plods along on its course, and it's amazing that in the midst of all this ongoing failure, there is actually progress - without the benefit of the Rescuer. It is a tribute to the nature of mankind. Anne Frank said that people are basically good. And even though they are basically evil, they are still basically good. There are enough people who are truly good so that slowly, over the course of time, we persevere. There is no savior and no salvation. We must rescue ourselves - despite the Fundamentalists in our midst. Each of us is potentially what Jewish mystics call the MESHIACH NISTAR - the Hidden Messiah. We just need the right DNA and the Will to express it.
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Leading site-writing workshops has been and continues to be an important part of exploring the potential of site-writing as a form of practice, since participants at the workshops approach the invitation to write spatially from multiple perspectives, depending on their own disciplinary background, education, mode of practice, political position and attitude to life.
I have conducted site-writing workshops at the following places and as part of the following events:
At the invitation of Professor Annie Chu, this site-writing workshop will be part of the Unmentionables Symposium, presented by the Department of Interior Architecture at Woodbury University School of Architecture, at WUHO Gallery, 6518 Hollywood Blvd , Los Angeles, CA 90028 United States, (6 April 2019) https://woodbury.edu/event/2019-unmentionables-symposium/
At the invitation of Dr Joanne Morra, this was a workshop for PhD students, at the University of the Arts London, held at Central St Martins, (2018).
At the invitation of Professor Rochus Hinkel, this workshop was held with students from architecture and industrial design, as part of a series of feminist lectures and workshops hosted by Rochus, held in the town, and hosted by the University of Regensburg, (2017).
At the invitation of the Tasmanian College of the Arts, University of Tasmania, and organized with the help of Dr Maria Kunder, this workshop included MA and PhD students and staff from University of Tasmania, Australia, (2016).
At the invitation of Prof. Johan Verbeke, Associate Professor Tine Nørgaard and practising visual artist and external Associate Professor Nanna Gro Henningsen, this one day workshop was part of the Critical Written Reflection program and also involved PhD students from art and architecture at Aarhus School of Architecture, University of Aarhus, Denmark, (12-3 March 2016)
At the invitation of Professor Hans Kiib, and as part of the funded project Instant Urbanism, this one-day workshop, supported by curator Dr Signe Brink Pedersen was with practice-led PhD students in art, industrial design, and architecture from across Denmark held at the University of Aalburg, Denmark, (7-8 May 2014).
At the invitation of artist Bella Kerr and curator Amanda Roderick this site-writing workshop focused on memory and place, and was part of Coming to Welsh, comprising a text-work designed by Marit Muenzberg, and an installation at The Mission Gallery, Swansea, as part of Bella Kerr’s Keeper, along with artists Kathryn Faulkner and Karen Ingham (7–11 May 2013).
Spatial Dialectics, a week-long workshop I was invited to host by Professor Dorita Hannah, curator of Theatre Architecture, as part of the Prague Quadrennial, 11th International Competitive Exhibition of Scenography and Theatre Architecture (June 16 – 26, 2011).
As part of the Writing around the Kitchen Table symposium, hosted by Professor Helene Frichot, then of RMIT, Melbourne, Australia (2010)
At the invitation of FATALE, and a special even they held on Feminist Spatial Practices, I conducted a site-writing workshop, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden (2009)
At the invitation of philosopher, architect and architectural critic, Professor Stephen Loo, this workshop was for second year architectural design students, at the School of Architecture, University of Tasmania Tasmania, Australia, (2009)
At the invitation of critic, artist and writer, Dr Linda Marie Walker, and as part of the conference she hosted Writing in an Expanded Field, between the schools of Fine Art and Architecture, this workshop included MA and PhD students and staff from University of Southern Australia, (2009)
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