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UNSCR 1325 in Palestine: Strengthening or Disciplining Women’s Peace Activism?
Sophie Richter-Devroe
Dec 28 2012 • 1149 views
The UN Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, adopted by the Security Council in 2000, is considered by many a historic milestone. In it the Council dealt for the first time specifically with women’s experiences in conflict situations, recognising their contribution to conflict resolution, prevention and management. Since the Resolution was passed, several mechanisms have been established at country and UN level to support its implementation in different contexts.[2] Yet, most evaluations find that UNSCR 1325 has had little impact on women’s actual experiences of conflict on the ground.[3] In Palestine too, where women have had to cope with and resist political violence exercised by the Israeli regime for more than 60 years now, UNSCR 1325 has made little difference to women’s everyday life under occupation.
The resolution has been added to the agendas of many international and local organisations active in the field of conflict resolution and/or women’s rights in Palestine.[4] Most ordinary Palestinian women and men, however, tend to question the usefulness of 1325 for advancing the Palestinian national struggle. The fact that local actors, particularly in countries with a history of foreign occupation, remain sceptical of 1325, should raise critical questions, such as those proposed by Chinkin and Charlesworth: “Can an international legal framework be applied for the empowerment of women in the Third World that is not open to rejection as a further form of intervention and neo-colonialism?”[5] In Palestine the Resolution has not strengthened, but rather disciplined, women’s political activism within a specific international feminist peace agenda.
The International Women’s Commission
In 2005 the International Women’s Commission (IWC), a tripartite body comprising Palestinian, Israeli and international high-level female delegates, was established. Tasked with monitoring the implementation of 1325 in Israel and Palestine, the Commission strived to introduce a gender and feminist perspective to peacebuilding, lobby for increased participation of women in formal and informal negotiations, and advocate the protection of women and their rights in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The Commission, however, had to close down due to strong political differences between the Israeli and Palestinian members. I conducted interviews with the Palestinian members of the IWC in 2009-2010. Already then the Palestinian members of the IWC faced severe difficulties to challenge the mainstream Israeli and international narrow feminist reading of 1325. They were unable to establish their more rights-based interpretations of the Resolution’s main three themes: participation, protection and empowerment.
The IWC was tasked with strengthening women’s participation in peace negotiations. The need for women’s equal participation in formal and informal negotiations and peace initiatives is often justified by the argument that women experience conflict differently than men, and thus bring different gender-specific perspectives and demands to the negotiation table. Palestinian women activists, when lobbying the Palestinian Authority for increasing women’s representation in negotiations and decision-making, often stress this point. One of the Palestinian IWC members, for example, told me:
We think that there is a difference between the view of women and the view of men in negotiations. It is true that the national cause unifies [women’s and men’s positions], but I see, for example, a difference in how women and men talk about water, or the case of Jerusalem, where women might attach more significance to the issue of family reunification.
If women’s standpoint and experience can usefully be contrasted to that of men, one must, however, also enquire about the different experiences among women: Do Palestinian and Israeli women have a similar experience of the conflict? Do they bring a similar “woman’s” perspectives to negotiations? All Palestinian IWC members I interviewed were united in their answer to this question: They all stressed that their everyday life under occupation differs decidedly from that of Israeli women, and that consequently they also hold diverging ideas and political positions. One interviewee expressed this poignantly:
Everywhere in conflict you see that women have more the tendency to listen, to understand, to talk about the details, to try to find solutions, etc. but this doesn’t mean that a Palestinian woman sitting with an Israeli woman would have a different position than a Palestinian man. Because the basics have to be solved, the rights have to be recognised.
Palestinian women’s political positions, as this quote demonstrates, are dominated by national rather than gender-specific concerns. It is thus not in isolation, but in its intersection with class, ethnicity, race, nationality, political affiliation, etc. that gender identity impacts upon political positions and viewpoints.[6] The most significant dividing line between Palestinian and Israeli women activists – which cannot be easily bridged by gender – is that of occupier and occupied. This dichotomy of experiences and political positions constituted a severe problem for the IWC.
The Palestinian members of the IWC I interviewed unanimously found that amongst the three themes dealt with in the Resolution its call to ensure the protection of women and their rights under international law is most significant to their experience. Read from such a rights-based perspective, 1325, as one member clearly stated, “is not just [a way] to tackle the role of women in the negotiation process, pre-, during, and post-conflict. No! 1325 also talks about protection of women under conflict. It has many more components which advocate women’s rights under conflict.”
Palestinian members of the IWC found it imperative to anchor their IWC Charter in international law, UN resolutions and past Israeli-Palestinian agreements. The Charter, and the legal frameworks it refers to, however, have been interpreted very differently by Palestinian and Israeli IWC members, as the following account by a Palestinian member illustrates:
The Charter refers clearly to recognising our rights, international law, UN resolutions, and the two-state solution. We thought it was clear enough, [but] now we are reviewing the Charter. We discovered that some of the Israelis, members [of IWC] who signed the Charter, are talking about Jewish neighbourhoods in East Jerusalem. If you agree to 67 borders, then you cannot say that these are neighbourhoods. These are colonial settlements. This is Palestinian land. […] So it is either that they haven’t read the Charter or that they don’t understand it. They have different interpretations of the Charter. For me it is clear. We thought that it was clear, but then we discovered that it is not clear for everybody.
The Palestinian members’ difficulties to establish their international rights-based interpretation of 1325 as authoritative highlights a major shortcoming of international law: its lack of monitoring and enforcement.[7] The difficulty of enforcement is even heightened in the case of 1325 because, compared to other international legal documents, UNSCR 1325 has one of the weakest standing, depending on the good will of member countries to ensure its implementation.[8] Although the Knesset has adopted a law calling for the implementation of 1325 and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas recognised the IWC through an official decree, the question remains: Who is responsible for the enforcement of 1325 and who can be held accountable for its violations? The recurrent military attacks on Gaza, but also the daily infringements and violations of Palestinian basic rights in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, illustrate painfully that the Palestinian Authority has no means to enforce 1325, let alone guarantee its demand of providing protection for women.
1325 stresses the need to include – and thus empower – local women in conflict resolution. Naomi Chazan, a Knesset and IWC member similarly finds that “women’s participation in conflict resolution is integrally related to the empowerment of women” (Chazan, 2004: 55). Yet, for the Palestinian women I interviewed empowerment is a political issue and cannot be achieved through mere inclusion in conflict resolution processes. Women’s and gender issues should not be dealt with independently of, or even prioritised over, political change, as one of the Palestinian IWC members stressed:
When we discuss issues of how we see peace and negotiations, we want a women’s perspective, but it is not our intention to turn […] to the issue of what the situation of women in Israeli society is, and what they are facing. No, this is not the issue! Because first of all this is political. Now we talk about politics, but from women’s point of view.
Her argument makes clear that Palestinian women in the IWC, when interpreting and trying to make use of 1325, call for the empowerment of the whole Palestinian population. This is not to say that gender equality is not a major concern of Palestinian women’s activists. To the contrary, it highlights that women’s struggle for rights and empowerment is closely linked to their political and economic empowerment which can only be achieved by ending the Israeli occupation and continuous settler colonial policies.
The Palestinian and Israeli IWC members’ conflicting interpretations of international law, UN resolutions and even their own Charter, however, reveal that even in a peacebuilding initiative as the IWC the Israeli side does not fully support the realisation of Palestinian women’s political and economic rights. For Palestinian women living in East Jerusalem the Israeli settlements have devastating and strongly disempowering effects: economically, politically and socially. If maintained under the pretext that they are mere ‘neighbourhoods’, Palestinian women’s (and men’s) empowerment will continue to be blocked.
The UNSC Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security has rightly been considered a landmark in women’s struggles to mainstream gender in conflict resolution and prevention. However, the Resolution faces serious challenges in its implementation. The major obstacles that hinder 1325 from constituting a conducive framework for Palestinian women’s peace activisms lie in the dominant (Israeli and international) interpretations of 1325 which derive from a narrow feminist perspective that priorities access to over transformation of an unequal status quo. Women are invited to participate in and contribute to ‘peace’ negotiations which do not challenge, but rather preserve and even give legitimacy to the maintenance of Israeli control over Palestine. In this narrow access-based interpretation gender issues are presented and prioritised as ‘connecting points’ between the two national groups. But gender here is de-contextualised and de-politicised: the ways in which gender discrimination is related to and reinforced by political and economic oppression – an aspect which all of the Palestinian women I interviewed identified as most pertinent in dominating their lives – is lacking.
Palestinian women’s struggles for empowerment take place under continuous and prolonged Israeli settler-colonial and occupation policies, which strangle their entire society politically and economically, rendering it dependent on foreign aid and without the protection of a sovereign state. By detaching women’s empowerment from this broader context, using vague language and making no mention of social or economic rights (such as the right to basic living conditions or right to housing, for example), the resolution holds little relevance for women’s (and men’s) actual lives, concerns and needs on the ground. Most Palestinians tend not to put too much hope into UN Resolutions. If they use them at all as a framework for their activism, they tend to prioritise those Resolutions that directly acknowledge Palestinian national rights, or condemn Israeli violations of international law. Jumana, a women’s activist in Palestine, for example, asked herself (and me):
“For women on the ground, why should 1325 be more important than any other Resolution, like 194,[9] for example? How can it work without Israel ending the occupation? Israel doesn’t comply with any UN resolution, why this one?”
While a narrow access-based feminist reading of 1325 holds little promise to realise Palestinian women’s rights, the Resolution itself should not be dismissed entirely. If interpreted from a political rights-based perspective, thus recognising and addressing the historical and political root causes of the conflict and the inter-linkages between social (gender) and political (national) rights, the Resolution holds the potential to raise international awareness for, and thus strengthen, rather than discipline, Palestinian women’s struggles for a just future.
Sophie Richter-Devroe is lecturer in Gender and Middle East Studies at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, Exeter University, with a broad research interest in gender theory and women’s activism in the Middle East. She has published translations and reviews of Arabic literary works, as well as several journal articles on Palestinian and Iranian women’s activism. Her work also includes research on Palestinian refugees, Palestinian cultural production, and the Naqab Bedouins.
[1] This article relies on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2008 and 2010 in the framework of my PhD research on Palestinian women’s formal and informal political activism in ‘peacebuilding’ and ‘resistance’ in the West Bank. Parts of it draw from my PhD thesis (completed 2010), in particular chapter 4 “Palestinian Women’s Peace Activism”, and from a jointly authored article Pratt and Richter-Devroe (2012) “Introduction to Special Issue on Critically Examining UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security” International Feminist Journal of Politics, Vol. 13, No. 4. All interviewees’ names are anonymised.
[2] These include the NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security, Country-specific Action Plans, UN System-wide Action Plans; a Peace Commission, and subsequent resolutions dealing with gender and conflict (UNSCR 1820 [2008], 1888 [2009], 1889 [2009]).
[3] See, for example, the Special Issue on Critically Examining UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, Vol. 13, No. 4.
[4] The Palestinian organisations which work(ed) with 1325 include, for example, the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, the Jerusalem Center for Women, The Palestinian Conflict Resolution Centre Wi’am, or the International Women’s Commission.
[5] Chinkin, C. and Charlesworth, H. (2006) “Building Women into Peace: the international legal framework” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 5, p 943
[6] For further discussions on the issue of intersectionality, and of heterogeneity of political position between (but also among) Palestinian and Israeli women peace activists, see e.g. Cockburn, C. (2007), From Where We Stand: War, Women’s Activism and Feminist Analysis. London: Zed Books; Amar, N. (2004) “U.N. Security Council Resolution 1325: Declaration or Reality?”, in Aharoni, S. and Deeb, R. (eds) Where are all the Women? U.N. Security Council Resolution 1325: Gender Perspectives of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, Haifa: Isha L’Isha and Kayan; and Richter-Devroe, S. (2009) “Here it is not about conflict resolution – we can only resist”: Palestinian Women’s Activism in Conflict Resolution and Nonviolent Resistance” in Al-Ali, N. and Pratt, N. (eds) Women and War in the Middle East: Transnational Perspectives, London: Zed Books.
[7] See also Chinkin, C. and Charlesworth, H. (2006) “Building Women into Peace: the international legal framework” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 5.
[8] See also Amar, N. (2004) “U.N. Security Council Resolution 1325: Declaration or Reality?”, in Aharoni, S. and Deeb, R. (eds) Where are all the Women? U.N. Security Council Resolution 1325: Gender Perspectives of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict, Haifa: Isha L’Isha and Kayan.
[9] UNGA Resolution 194 establishes that Palestinian refugees have the right to return to their original homes and villages.
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Opinion – Confronting Israel’s Annexation Plans: From Fear to Hope
Political Leadership in Times of Agony for Palestinian Citizens
Arab-Israeli ConflictGender and SexualityPalestineUnited NationsUNSCR 1325
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Yusef Salaam
DONALD TRUMP'S ADMIRATION FOR RUSSIAN LEADER VLADIMIR PUTIN
Chief Justice John Roberts
Bashar Ashad
Central Park Five
San Diego Bookshelf
Crippled America: How To Make America Great Again, by Donald J. Trump (Threshold Editions, An Imprint 0f Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, NY, 2015, 193 pages).
January 2, 2016 (San Diego's East County) - Donald J. Trump, the very definition of the American success story, has now delved into politics with his candidacy for the White House, and explains why in his very provocative book; Crippled America: How To Make America Great Again. Trump, a graduate of the Wharton School of Finance, an accomplished author and having written more than fifteen bestsellers, with his first book, The Art of the Deal, being considered a business classic and one of the most successful business books of all time. There is no question that trump has been a very successful entrepreneur and businessman – but does that necessarily translate into his being a great politician or President of the United States?
Read more about DONALD TRUMP'S ADMIRATION FOR RUSSIAN LEADER VLADIMIR PUTIN
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Home News Lawsuit News Johnson & Johnson Settles 1,000 Talc Lawsuits for $100M
Johnson & Johnson Settles 1,000 Talc Lawsuits for $100M
By Michelle Llamas
Edited By Emily Miller
This page features 4 Cited Research Articles
Fact-Checked
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Drugwatch has a stringent fact-checking process. It starts with our strict sourcing guidelines.
We only gather information from credible sources. This includes peer-reviewed medical journals, reputable media outlets, government reports, court records and interviews with qualified experts.
After a seven-month lull due to COVID-19, talcum powder litigation is back in the news and in a big way.
According to a Bloomberg report, Johnson & Johnson used the trial hiatus to hold settlement talks. And after four years of litigation, the company for the first time has agreed to a set of major talcum powder settlements.
Johnson & Johnson will reportedly pay $100 million to settle more than 1,000 lawsuits that allege its talc-based baby powder causes cancer. The settlements include more than 75 mesothelioma cases brought by Simmons Hanly Conroy, according to Bloomberg.
Johnson & Johnson still faces more than 20,000 lawsuits alleging its talcum powder products including Johnson’s Baby Powder and Shower-to-Shower caused ovarian cancer and mesothelioma.
The company has been clear that this settlement isn’t an admission of liability, and doesn’t change Johnson & Johnson’s position on the safety of its products.
“In certain circumstances, we do choose to settle lawsuits … Our talc is safe, does not contain asbestos and does not cause cancer,” company spokeswoman Kim Montagnino told Bloomberg in an emailed statement.
The move is “strategic rather than a sign of desperation,” University of Richmond law professor Carl Tobias told Bloomberg. He added that Johnson & Johnson is “generally loath to settle lawsuits.”
In July 2020, Bloomberg Intelligence estimated that settling all unresolved cases could cost $10 billion.
Diagnosed with ovarian cancer or mesothelioma after talcum powder use? Get a Free Case Review
Billions in Jury Verdicts
The move to settle comes after juries have ordered the company to pay billions in verdicts in talcum powder lawsuits. Johnson & Johnson has appealed some of the verdicts.
The largest verdict to date came in 2018 when a jury told Johnson & Johnson to pay $4.7 billion to a group of women who claimed the company’s talcum powder caused their ovarian cancer. The company was not able to completely overturn the verdict in appeal, but the judge reduced it to $2.1 billion.
Although the COVID-19 pandemic put a stop to trial proceedings, trials are expected start up again. A jury in California is expected to hear opening arguments by videoconferencing in the case of Rosalino Reyes III, a factory worker who says 50 years of talcum powder use led to his mesothelioma diagnosis.
Johnson & Johnson has put aside money for its defense and potential settlements, according to a June 28, 2020, SEC filing.
“Notwithstanding the Company’s confidence in the safety of its talc products, in certain circumstances the Company has and may settle cases. The Company has established an accrual primarily for defense costs, and reserves for potential settlement of currently pending mesothelioma cases, in connection with product liability litigation associated with body powders containing talc,” Johnson & Johnson said in the filing.
Talcum Powder Recall and Discontinuation
The Food and Drug Administration announced in October 2019 that it had found a small amount of asbestos in a sample of Johnson’s Baby Powder. This prompted Johnson & Johnson to voluntarily recall 33,000 bottles of the product “out of an abundance of caution.”
In May 2020, Johnson & Johnson announced it would stop selling talcum powder in the U.S. and Canada.
The company was adamant that the decision to stop selling the product had nothing to do with safety concerns. The company blamed lack of demand in North America “due in large part to changes in consumer habits and fueled by misinformation around the safety of the product and a constant barrage of litigation advertising.”
Following the discontinuation in May, trial attorney and complex litigation specialist Trent B. Miracle told Drugwatch that the recall and discontinuation may greatly improve chances for settlement talks.
Talcum Powder & Ovarian Cancer Lawsuits: A Q&A with Trial Attorney Trent Miracle
Michelle Llamas May 11, 2020
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Written By Michelle Llamas Senior Writer
Michelle Llamas has been writing articles and producing podcasts about drugs, medical devices and the FDA for nearly a decade. She focuses on various medical conditions, health policy, COVID-19, LGBTQ health, mental health and women’s health issues. Michelle collaborates with experts, including board-certified doctors, patients and advocates, to provide trusted health information to the public. Some of her qualifications include:
Member of American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) and former Engage Committee and Membership Committee member
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health Literacy certificates
Original works published or cited in The Lancet, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and the Journal for Palliative Medicine
Emily Miller Managing Editor
4 Cited Research Articles
Drugwatch.com writers follow rigorous sourcing guidelines and cite only trustworthy sources of information, including peer-reviewed journals, court records, academic organizations, highly regarded nonprofit organizations, government reports and interviews with qualified experts. Review our editorial policy to learn more about our process for producing accurate, current and balanced content.
Feeley, J. (2020, October 5). J&J to Pay More Than $100 Million to End Over 1,000 Talc Suits. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-05/j-j-to-pay-more-than-100-million-to-end-over-1-000-talc-suits
Johnson & Johnson. (2019, October 18). Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. to Voluntarily Recall a Single Lot of Johnson’s Baby Powder in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.jnj.com/johnson-johnson-consumer-inc-to-voluntarily-recall-a-single-lot-of-johnsons-baby-powder-in-the-united-states
Johnson & Johnson. (2020, June 28). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Form 10-Q Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended June 28, 2020. Retrieved from https://johnsonandjohnson.gcs-web.com/static-files/4328bc40-4cc9-4c94-b39c-25b4350d1267
Johnson & Johnson (2020, May 19). Johnson & Johnson Consumer Health Announces Discontinuation of Talc-based Johnson’s Baby Powder in U.S. and Canada. Retrieved from https://www.jnj.com/our-company/johnson-johnson-consumer-health-announces-discontinuation-of-talc-based-johnsons-baby-powder-in-u-s-and-canada
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Feeding GMOs to Wildlife and Spraying Bee-Killing Pesticides at National Refuges?
Nicole D'Alessandro
For nearly 10 years, two nonprofits filed lawsuits, legal petitions and countless administrative actions to stop the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in its tracks.
The issue that Center for Food Safety and Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER) took with the FWS? The regular use of genetically engineered (GE) crops and bee-killing neonicotinoid pesticides in national refuge farming programs—which ultimately interfere with the very plants and animals the refuge system is designed to protect.
Buffalo grazing in Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge. Photo courtesy of Shutterstock
Today, the FWS announced in an internal memorandum that the agency will ban neonic pesticides and phase out GE feed for wildlife by January 2016.
“GE crops and toxic pesticides violate the basic purposes of our protected national lands,” said Andrew Kimbrell, executive director of Center for Food Safety. “We applaud the Fish and Wildlife Service for recognizing what our legal challenges have repeatedly stated and courts have repeatedly held: that they must stop permitting these harmful agricultural practices.”
National Wildlife Refuge System Chief James Kurth acknowledged in the memorandum that the agency has demonstrated its ability to “successfully accomplish refuge purposes over the past two years without using genetically modified crops, therefore it is no longer possible to say that their use is essential to meet wildlife management objectives.” However, the temporary use of GE crops will be considered on a case-by-case basis for habitat restoration purposes.
Kurth also wrote that the FWS will follow a directive to use long-standing integrated pest management principles to evaluate and guide the agency’s pesticide use practices.
“We are gratified that the Fish and Wildlife Service has finally concluded that industrial agriculture, with GE crops and powerful pesticides, is both bad for wildlife and inappropriate on refuge lands,” stated PEER Executive Director Jeff Ruch. “Since refuges have already demonstrated that they do not need these practices, we would urge the Fish and Wildlife Service to make the ban immediate, not wait until 2016, and to eliminate the loopholes in its new policy.”
The Center for Biological Diversity, Beyond Pesticides and Sierra Club have also been involved in petitions and litigation leading up to the FWS’s policy reversal.
New Study Shows Glaring Differences Between GMO and Non-GMO Foods
How the EPA’s Inaction on Bee-Killing Neonicotinoids Cripples Our Economy
15 Endangered Species You Can Spot in U.S. National Wildlife Refuges
gmos biodiversity national wildlife refuges neonicotinoids featured bees wildlife fws
Light Pollution: The Dangers of Bright Skies at Night
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ECRE Publications
Legal Submissions
Greek requests to move specific groups from islands to mainland detention centres under EU-Turkey deal
16th December 2016 | News
The Greek Minister for Migration Policy, Ioannis Mouzalas, wrote a letter to the EU Member States’ interior ministers on 8 December ahead of the Justice and Home Affairs Council, asking to reconsider and approve Greece’s request to transfer specific groups of people from the hotspots on the islands to selected detention centres on the mainland, without exempting them from the application of the EU-Turkey statement. The move to detention centres in the mainland aims particularly at removing persons who pose security concerns or a risk of absconding.
Whereas the EU-Turkey statement does not explicitly require persons to remain on the Greek islands for the purpose of readmission to Turkey, such a condition has been read into the terms of the deal. Thereby Greece is currently only allowed to transfer asylum seekers whose claims are considered admissible to the mainland. People with family links to other EU countries or vulnerabilities, who were until now exempted from the implementation of the statement, are to be confined to the islands with a view to readmission following a Joint Action Plan published by the European Commission last week.
Greece has at least eight pre-removal detention centres spread across the mainland. In a Commission report of 4 March 2016, the maximum capacity of pre-removal detention centres in Greece was set at 5,359 places, although these were misrepresented as reception places. This number does not include the hotspots on Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Leros and Kos, or the Reception and Identification Centre in Evros. Refugees and migrants entering the hotspots on the islands are in fact deprived of their liberty, even though the Greek legal framework only refers to restrictions on their freedom of movement upon arrival.
The proliferation of detention in Greece raises serious human rights concerns, including in the mainland. A recent monitoring report found many detention facilities such as the Orestiada pre-removal centre to fall short of international standards for the detention of non-nationals. Living conditions in centres including the Corinth pre-removal centre have also been criticised this year for failing to abide by standards.
Beyond the persisting lack of adequate detention conditions, persons applying in pre-removal detention centres face long delays before they can have their claims registered, which have reached up to three months in Amygdaleza. Whereas an asylum seeker can only be detained on specific grounds during the examination of their application, in most cases the Asylum Service orders the continuation of detention of asylum seekers under standard recommendations.
Ekathimerini, ‘Mouzalas requests mainland pre-removal centers’, 10 December 2016.
Aitima, Forgotten: Administratively detained irregular migrants and asylum seekers, October 2016.
Greek Council for Refugees, Implementing alternatives to detention in Greece, December 2015.
AIDA, Country Report Greece: Fourth Update, November 2015.
ECRE Weekly Bulletin
ELENA Weekly Legal Update
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Brockton Public Schools to use grants to address racism, COVID inequities in education
Mina Corpuz
BROCKTON — The city's public school system plans to use a $250,000 grant to address racism and COVID-19 inequities in its education system.
“The district will continue to take every measure to mitigate these disparities," said Superintendent Michael Thomas. "We are constantly evaluating our equity and diversity efforts to identify opportunities for improvement and growth."
Nick Donohue, president and CEO of the Nellie Mae Education Foundation, said in a statement that racism and the pandemic have disproportionately and negatively affected Black, brown and Indigenous communities.
Through grants to districts like Brockton, the foundation can help schools address systemic and anti-Black racism in public education, he said.
Brockton Public Schools will use the funding in four areas: establish an Office of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion for the district; continue professional development around issues including racial inequities, implicit bias and anti-Blackness; "decolonize" the curriculum; and provide students and family with support around race and racial trauma.
Thomas said creating an Office of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion was a goal of his when he became superintendent. The process has started to hire a leader for the office, he said, and it will be built in the next three years.
The office will work with other district offices on efforts including hiring, curriculum writing and student support, Thomas said.
"The office is much needed and will be here long after I leave," he said. "That's the most exciting thing."
Sharon Wolder, the district's chief of Student Support Services, started the Diversity Education Steering Committee in fall 2017 as a way to help educators and staff develop knowledge and competency in those areas.
The committee has developed professional development, and participants have said that it's important and that they want more support and resources to address race and students' cultures in the classroom, she said.
"The grant is significantly important for this work," Wolder said.
She is also working with the district's Office of Teaching and Learning to offer more perspectives and information about contributions of marginalized groups that aren't always included in the curriculum, like in history.
Those working on this effort have talked about adding more Black history beyond what is taught during Black History Month in February, Wolder said. The same should be done for every other group represented in Brockton schools.
She said the group plans to have student representatives who can share their experiences with the curriculum and offer suggestions to improve it.
The district is also using some of the grant money to provide COVID-19 relief by running programs that provide academic, social and emotional support for students struggling with learning remotely, Thomas said.
"It's exciting for the city, not just the district," he said about the efforts supported by the Nellie Mae grant.
Staff writer Mina Corpuz can be reached by email at mcorpuz@enterprisenews.com. You can follow her on Twitter @mlcorpuz. Support local journalism by purchasing a digital or print subscription to The Enterprise today.
© 2021 www.enterprisenews.com. All rights reserved.
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In this section: Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Notification Program
Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Notification Program
Animal Food GRAS Notice Description
Current Animal Food GRAS Notices Inventory
Animal Food & Feeds
How to Submit a GRAS Notice to CVM
This information was excerpted from Federal Register 81 FR 54959 August 17, 2016. Additional information on the GRAS program may be accessed from the Center for Veterinary Medicine's Animal GRAS Notification Program page.
Any person may notify FDA of a view that a substance is not subject to the premarket approval requirements of section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act based on that person’s conclusion that the substance is GRAS under the conditions of its intended use. Notifiers should submit copies of their notices of GRAS conclusion to the Division of Animal Feeds (HFV-220), Office of Surveillance and Compliance, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855.
Notifiers should submit the following information (as described in 21 CFR 570.220 through 570.255):
21 CFR 570.220 General requirements applicable to a GRAS notice.
(a) A GRAS notice has seven parts as required by 21 CFR 570.225 through 570.255. You must submit the data and information specified in each of these parts on separate pages or sets of pages.
(b) You must include each of the seven parts in your GRAS notice. If you do not include a part, you must include with your GRAS notice an explanation of why that part does not apply to your GRAS notice.
21 CFR 570.225 part 1 of a GRAS notice: Signed statements and certification.
(a) Part 1 of your GRAS notice must be dated and signed by a responsible official of your organization, or by your attorney or agent.
(b) Except as required by paragraph (c)(8) of this section, you must not include any information that is trade secret or confidential commercial information in part 1 of your GRAS notice.
(c) In part 1 of your GRAS notice, you must:
(1) Inform us that you are submitting a GRAS notice in accordance with this subpart;
(2) Provide the name and address of your organization;
(3) Provide the name of the notified substance, using an appropriately descriptive term;
(4) Describe the intended conditions of use of the notified substance, including stating whether the substance will be added to food (including drinking water) for animals in which the substance will be used; identifying the foods to which it will be added, the levels of use in such foods, and the animal species for which these foods are intended (including, when appropriate, a description of a subpopulation expected to consume the notified substance); and the purposes for which the substance will be used;
(5) Inform us of the statutory basis for your conclusion of GRAS status (i.e., through scientific procedures in accordance with 21 CFR 570.30(a) and (b) or through experience based on common use in animal food in accordance with 21 CFR 570.30(a) and (c));
(6) State your view that the notified substance is not subject to the premarket approval requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act based on your conclusion that the notified substance is GRAS under the conditions of its intended use;
(7) State that, if we ask to see the data and information that are the basis for your conclusion of GRAS status, either during or after our evaluation of your notice, you will:
(i) Agree to make the data and information available to us; and
(ii) Agree to both of the following procedures for making the data and information available to us:
(A) Upon our request, you will allow us to review and copy the data and information during customary business hours at the address you specify for where these data and information will be available to us; and
(B) Upon our request, you will provide us with a complete copy of the data and information either in an electronic format that is accessible for our evaluation or on paper;
(8) State your view as to whether any of the data and information in parts 2 through 7 of your GRAS notice are exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552 (e.g., as trade secret or as commercial or financial information that is privileged or confidential);
(9) Certify that, to the best of your knowledge, the GRAS notice is a complete, representative, and balanced submission that includes unfavorable information, as well as favorable information, known to you and pertinent to the evaluation of the safety and GRAS status of the use of the substance; and
(10) State both the name and the position or title of the person who signs the GRAS notice.
21 CFR 570.230 part 2 of a GRAS notice: Identity, method of manufacture, specifications, and physical or technical effect.
In part 2 of your GRAS notice, you must include:
(a) Scientific data and information that identifies the notified substance. (1) Examples of appropriate data and information include the chemical name, applicable registry numbers (such as a Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number or an Enzyme Commission (EC) number), empirical formula, structural formula, quantitative composition, and characteristic properties.
(2) When the source of a notified substance is a biological material, you must include data and information sufficient to identify:
(i) The taxonomic source (e.g., genus, species), including as applicable data and information at the sub-species level (e.g., variety, strain);
(ii) The part of any plant or animal used as the source; and
(iii) Any known toxicants that could be in the source;
(b) A description of the method of manufacture of the notified substance in sufficient detail to evaluate the safety of the notified substance as manufactured;
(c) Specifications for material that is of appropriate grade for use in animal food; and
(d) When necessary to demonstrate safety, relevant data and information bearing on the physical or other technical effect the notified substance is intended to produce, including the quantity of the notified substance required to produce such effect.
21 CFR 570.235 part 3 of a GRAS notice: Target animal and human exposures.
In part 3 of your GRAS notice, you must provide data and information about exposure to the target animal and to humans consuming human food derived from food-producing animals, regardless of whether your conclusion of GRAS status is through scientific procedures or through experience based on common use in food, as follows:
(a) For exposure to the target animal, you must provide:
(1) The amount of the notified substance that different target animal species are likely to consume in the animal food (including drinking water) as part of the animal’s total diet, including the intended use and all other sources in the total diet; and
(2) When applicable, the amount of any other substance that is expected to be formed in or on food because of the use of the notified substance (e.g., hydrolytic products or reaction products);
(3) When applicable, the amount of any other substance that is present with the notified substance either naturally or due to its manufacture (e.g., contaminants or by-products);
(4) The data and information you rely on to establish the amount of the notified substance and the amounts of any other substance in accordance with paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this section that different target animal species are likely to consume in the animal food (including drinking water) as part of the animal’s total diet; and
(b) When the intended use is in food for food-producing animals, you must provide:
(1) The potential quantities of any residues that humans may be exposed to in edible animal tissues, including:
(i) Residues of the notified substance;
(ii) Residues of any other substance that is expected to be formed in or on the animal food because of the use of the notified substance; and
(iii) Residues from any other substance that is present with the notified substance whether naturally, due to its manufacture (e.g., contaminants or by-products), or produced as a metabolite in edible animal tissues when the notified substance is consumed by a food-producing animal; and
(2) The data and information you rely on to establish, in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the potential quantities of any residues that humans may be exposed to in edible animal tissues.
21 CFR 570.240 part 4 of a GRAS notice: Self-limiting levels of use.
In circumstances where the amount of the notified substance that can be added to animal food is limited because animal food containing levels of the notified substance above a particular level would become unpalatable or technologically impractical, in Part 4 of your GRAS notice you must include data and information on such self-limiting levels of use.
21 CFR 570.245 part 5 of a GRAS notice: Experience based on common use in food before 1958.
If the statutory basis for your conclusion of GRAS status is through experience based on common use in animal food, in part 5 of your GRAS notice you must include evidence of a substantial history of consumption of the notified substance for food use by a significant number of animals of the species to which the substance is intended to be fed prior to January 1, 1958, and evidence of a substantial history of consumption by humans consuming human foods derived from food-producing animals prior to January 1, 1958.
21 CFR 570.250 part 6 of a GRAS notice: Narrative.
In part 6 of your GRAS notice, you must include a narrative that provides the basis for your conclusion of GRAS status, in which:
(a)(1) You must explain why the data and information in your notice provide a basis for your view that the notified substance is safe under the conditions of its intended use for both the target animal and for humans consuming human food derived from food-producing animals. In your explanation, you must address the safety of the notified substance, considering all animal food (including drinking water) as part of the animal’s total diet, taking into account any chemically or pharmacologically related substances in such diet. In your explanation, you must also address the safety of the notified substance in regard to human exposure, considering all dietary sources and taking into account any chemically or pharmacologically related substances;
(2) In your explanation, you must identify what specific data and information that you discuss in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section are generally available, and what specific data and information that you discuss in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section are not generally available, by providing citations to the list of data and information that you include in part 7 of your GRAS notice in accordance with 21 CFR 570.255;
(b) You must explain how the generally available data and information that you rely on to establish safety in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section provide a basis for your conclusion that the notified substance is generally recognized, among qualified experts, to be safe under the conditions of its intended use for both the target animal and for humans consuming human food derived from food-producing animals;
(c) You must either: (1) Identify, discuss, and place in context, data and information that are, or may appear to be, inconsistent with your conclusion of GRAS status, regardless of whether those data and information are generally available; or
(2) State that you have reviewed the available data and information and are not aware of any data and information that are, or may appear to be, inconsistent with your conclusion of GRAS status;
(d) If you view any of the data and information in your notice as exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, you must identify the specific data and information; and
(e) For non-public, safety-related data and information considered in reaching a conclusion of GRAS status, you must explain how there could be a basis for a conclusion of GRAS status if qualified experts do not have access to such data and information.
21 CFR 570.255 part 7 of a GRAS notice: List of supporting data and information in your GRAS notice.
(a) In part 7 of your GRAS notice, you must include a list of all of the data and information that you discuss in part 6 of your GRAS notice to provide a basis for your view that the notified substance is safe under the conditions of its intended use as described in accordance with 21 CFR 570.250(a)(1).
(b) You must specify which data and information that you list in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section are generally available, and which data and information are not generally available.
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Desktops, laptops remain primary gateways to agency sites
Written by Billy Mitchell
Jan 2, 2015 | FEDSCOOP
Despite evidence that mobile device use is surging, a new Government Accountability Office report found that most Americans visiting agency websites still do so through a laptop or desktop computer.
GAO surveyed six agencies of varying size — the departments of Interior and Transportation, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Federal Maritime Commission, National Endowment for the Arts and the National Weather Service — on how users consume their Web-hosted information. The report, addressed to General Services Administration Administrator Dan Tangherlini, found that between 82 and 94 percent of visitors still accessed the agencies’ websites with a laptop or desktop. In some cases, less than 10 percent of users accessed the websites on mobile phones and even less used tablets.
That said, those percentages of mobile and tablet use, though small, are trending in a positive direction.
“For example, the number of visitors using smartphones and tablets to access NEA information and services — such as applying for grants and tracking grant applications — increased from 3,376 in 2010 to 287,932 in 2013,” Mark Goldstein, GAO’s director of physical infrastructure, wrote in the report. “Similarly, individuals using smartphones and tablets to access DOI’s information increased from 57,428 in 2011 to 1,206,959 in 2013. Among the selected agencies, FEMA had the highest number of visitors who accessed its services using a smartphone and tablet (3.1 million visitors in 2013) followed by DOI, which received approximately 1.2 million visitors who accessed its main website via a smartphone or tablet.”
A FEMA official explained to Goldstein that the agency prioritizes mobile accessibility, as its mission to serve Americans during and after times of disaster often correlates with limited Internet access, and survivors often must use cellular devices.
Federal websites are inherently information heavy and in many cases weren’t built with the end user in mind, GAO reported, which may make it difficult to visit them on a small screen. However, many agencies are taking measures to improve their mobile services, particularly the 24 CFO Act agencies required to do so by the Office of Management and Budget’s 2012 Digital Government Strategy. OMB also released the Digital Services Playbook last year to help agencies improve their digital services.
“All 24 agencies required to comply with provisions of the Digital Government Strategy have made efforts to improve their digital services for those who use mobile devices,” the report says, and 21 of those agencies have enhanced two or more services. All six of the agencies studied in GAO’s report, with the exception of Federal Maritime Commission, have taken steps to make their mobile websites better, whether it be making their design more responsive or creating mobile applications.
GSA is also helping agencies get with the mobile times. The agency’s Office of Citizen Services and Innovative Technology has taken on several initiatives to assist mobile laggards in the federal government, such as creating the DigitalGov.gov website, establishing the Federal Mobile Apps Registry, and offering training and best practices on how agencies can enhance their websites or mobile apps.
Not all agencies are taking GSA’s helping hand, though, GAO found. Of the six studied in this report, just three agencies told GAO “that OMB’s and GSA’s actions have helped their efforts to enhance their digital services.” The other three didn’t need any help with their mobile services. In FMC’s case, it was too small to focus that much attention to improving mobile accessibility.
Dan Tangherlini, Mark Goldstein
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White House: Next-gen broadband coming to ’99 percent’ of schools
Feb 5, 2014 | FEDSCOOP
President Barack Obama records video on an iPad using an app from NASA during a classroom visit at Buck Lodge Middle School in Adelphi, Md., Feb. 4, 2014. (Photo: Pete Souza/White House)
In what is being called the most ambitious digital learning initiative in the country’s history, the White House on Tuesday announced plans to bring next-generation broadband to 99 percent of the nation’s schools by 2017.
Under the guide of the ConnectED initiative, the plan, which includes a $2 billion investment from the Federal Communications Commission, would bring cutting-edge technologies and learning techniques into almost every classroom in America.
As of today, less than 30 percent of the country’s schools have the broadband needed to connect to modern technology such as tablets and advanced online learning tools.
President Barack Obama, who made the announcement at Buck Lodge Middle School in Adelphi, Md., also announced that private sector companies including Microsoft, Apple and Verizon have combined to commit more than $750 million to deliver cutting-edge technologies to the classroom.
“Microsoft heard the president’s call on our industry to step up, and we are privileged to participate in ConnectED by making a significant commitment today,” Margo Day, vice president, U.S. education for Microsoft, said in a blog post.
She continued: “That means our partners will bring to market a multitude of great device offerings, at prepriced levels, specifically for schools to choose from. Schools are going to have amazing choices to ensure their students have the best products and experiences in their classrooms.”
The private sector investments include:
Apple, which will donate $100 million in iPads, MacBooks and other products, along with content and professional development tools to enrich learning in disadvantaged U.S. schools
AT&T, which pledged more than $100 million to give middle school students free Internet connectivity for educational devices over their wireless network for three years
Autodesk, which pledged to make their 3-D design program “Design the Future” available for free in every secondary school in the U.S. — more than $250 million in value
Microsoft, which will launch a substantial affordability program open to all U.S. public schools by deeply discounting the price of its Windows operating system, which will decrease the price of Windows-based devices
O’Reilly Media, which is partnering with Safari Books Online to make more than $100 million in educational content and tools available for free to every school in the U.S.
Sprint, which will offer free wireless service for up to 50,000 low-income high school students over the next four years, valued at $100 million
Verizon, which announced a multiyear program to support ConnectED through up to $100 million in cash and in-kind commitments
The State Educational Technology Directors Association, a nonprofit membership association representing state and territorial educational technology leaders, has advocated for U.S. schools to have 1 gbps of high capacity for broadband service per 1,000 students by the 2017-2018 school year.
The White House or FCC did not specify the particular bandwidth that will be delivered to each school, but promised the Internet would be “high-speed.”
Gene Sperling, the director of the National Economic Council, said the donations are meant to have a “multiplier effect” on the targeted schools. Many students, for instance, need working laptops before they can make use of the broadband access the program is designed to provide.
“It’s quite safe to say that millions and millions of young people will be affected,” Sperling said. “Everything announced here is going to have a stronger impact because of its cumulative effect.”
Obama will be able to increase government spending on the ConnectED program because FCC decided to more quickly disburse money already intended to build capacity for high-speed Internet and for training educators on emerging technology.
“As we consider long-term improvements to the program,” FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler said, “we will take immediate steps to make existing funds go further, significantly increasing our investment in high-speed Internet to help connect millions of students to the digital age.”
White House fact sheet on the announcement.
Apple, AT&T, Autodesk, ConnectED, Government IT News, Microsoft, O'Reilly Media, Sprint, Tech, Verizon, White House
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Meet the Team: Myeisha Boyd
Myeisha Boyd
Hello There! I’m Myeisha. My interest in politics began during my sophomore year of college when I was a Casework Intern for Senator Richard Blumenthal. This is where my passion for public service and advocacy emerged. I truly felt as though I was making a difference by communicating with government agencies on behalf of constituents. For anyone who has an interest in politics, Washington, D.C. is the place to be! During my junior year of college, I was a participant of the Washington Semester Program at American University. I was so excited because I was in the perfect city to apply everything I was learning in the classroom to outside of the classroom and, not to mention, election season was right around the corner. This would be the first presidential election I could vote in, and I planned to get campaign experience prior to the 2016 presidential election.
While I was studying at American University, my course required me to attend congressional hearings and write observational research papers of the hearing. I became frustrated with the inability of Congress to work together and negotiate potential bills in the best interest of the people as a whole. At the conclusion of the Washington Semester Program, I had witnessed first hand the problems within Congress and our democracy as a whole. I did not give up on our government; I came back to the University of Hartford in Connecticut for my senior year and worked as a Legislative Aide Intern for Mayor Luke Bronin of Hartford, CT. I was interested in learning how effective the local government was with implementing policies that their residents cared about.
Along with being a Legislative Aide Intern for Mayor Bronin, I was also a Field Organizer for the Hillary Clinton campaign in Hartford, CT. The position included recruiting and managing a statewide volunteer base, phone banking for Connecticut and other battleground states, and electronically keeping track of voter support. It was a great learning experience and gave me the confidence to speak with diverse groups of people. Politics has so many different areas but it was not until the 2016 Presidential Election that I became interested in election reform.
The ideas of voting for the “lesser of the two evils” or “voting against a candidate” were common themes that I came across in this past election. I started to question the true meaning of the term democracy and how the Founding Fathers interpreted it. I also questioned how I could live in a country that models itself on the principles of a democracy, yet only 45-55% of the eligible voting population has found its way to a polling booth over the previous four presidential elections. It’s easy to see that something is broken in American politics, it’s harder to figure out the best way to fix it.
I am happy to be the Communications Fellow for FairVote. I couldn’t be more excited to work with a group of people who look beyond political parties and advocate for electoral reforms that give voters “a greater choice, a stronger voice, and a representative democracy that works for all Americans.” I look forward to working with talented individuals who are dedicated to electoral reform.
Meet the Team Series Meet The Team
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When you join the team at East Tennessee Children’s Hospital you are not only choosing to help make a difference in the life of a child, you are also making a difference in the lives of their family, too. Being a member of the staff at East Tennessee Children’s Hospital is not only an honor and a privilege, but it’s fun, too! On any given day, as you walk through the halls of the hospital or through any of our 20+ off-site locations, you can see our employees interacting with and engaging our patients through the comprehensive, family-centered care that Children’s Hospital is known for.
East Tennessee Children’s Hospital employees are driven by the organization’s core values of respect, integrity, enthusiasm, teamwork, and excellence. We are looking for employees who are willing to help ensure that our region’s youngest patients receive the best possible care.
We invite you to explore career opportunities at Children’s Hospital and hope that you will choose to become part of our excellent team!
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Girl With Learning Difficulties Given Detention On First Day at High School
An 11 year old schoolgirl was left heartbroken after being given detention on her first day at high school.
Courtesy of South West News Service
It was 11 year old Olivia Tarczon’s first day at Ebbsfleet Academy in Kent on Wednesday, and like many children starting ‘big school’, she would have been both nervous and excited.
On her very first day though, she was absolutely distraught to be told she had to remain in detention for 15 minutes after school as she had forgotten her calculator.
The year 7’s father Tomasz Bazan commented on the decision, “As far as we know she was the only one to get a detention. It has put her off going to school now, she was so upset about it.”
“She has difficulties learning. They seemed strict for the first day of school.”
The school had already come under attack earlier this year, after some pupils were sent home for wearing skirts that were too short. A spokeswoman for the school felt that the issue had already been resolved and that Olivia was alright about the incident. She commented, “I am very surprised to have heard this as I spoke to Miss Bazan on the phone yesterday about this and the need for the academy rules to be consistent from the first day back and she seemed fine and understood.”
“I even asked her tutor to speak to her daughter to make sure she was okay and she expressed no concerns yesterday afternoon.”
Ebbsfleet Academy in Swanscombe, Kent is run by principal Alison Colwell. The academy states in its prospectus that its vision is “centred on raising standards for all students, ensuring that the highest of expectations, a consistency in approach and outstanding teaching and learning are the norm for all.”
Publish date: 07/09/2017 07:00 PM Rachael Sneddon
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Family Equality Condemns Trump Administration Practice of Family Separation Due to HIV Status
WASHINGTON, D.C. — Family Equality condemns the practice of separating children from their parents because of a parent’s HIV positive status, a Customs and Border Patrol practice that was revealed in reporting earlier this month and confirmed by Brian Hastings, chief of Customs & Border Patrol, during a House Judiciary Committee oversight hearing on Thursday July 25.
Representative Jamie Raskin (D–MD) asked Hastings if a mother or father having HIV positive status “is alone enough to justify separation from their child” and Hastings affirmed that it would be, referring to HIV as a “communicable disease.” Raskin followed-up, asking whether a child would be separated from their parent because the parent has the flu, and Hastings replied that CBP would not separate a family for that reason alone.
“HIV has not been considered a communicable disease since 2010, and we condemn this effort by the Trump Administration to further target migrant families, this time using HIV status as a tactic,” said The Rev. Stan J. Sloan, CEO of Family Equality. “To separate children from their parents because of their HIV status reflects a deep misunderstanding of public health, and does irreparable damage to children and families.”
About Family Equality
Family Equality advances legal and lived equality for LGBTQ families, and for those who wish to form them, through building community, changing hearts and minds, and driving policy change. Family Equality believes every LGBTQ person should have the right and opportunity to form and sustain a loving family, regardless of who they are or where they live. Learn more at familyequality.org.
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second shift
How The U.S. Almost Had Universal Child Care (Twice)
76 years ago, the U.S. had a government-funded universal child care system. Can it ever happen again?
[Photo: Gordon Parks/Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA/OWI Collection, [LC-DIG-fsa-8d30785]
By Kathleen Davis 9 minute Read
Day care costs more than college tuition in most states in America.
This high cost often ends up being close to or more than the take-home pay of many parents, and thanks to the persistent gender pay gap, that parent is most often the mom. This means that more women are quitting their jobs or scaling back their hours after they have children. On average, professional women lose around $11,000 a year, thanks to the gender pay gap, which is also the average annual cost of child care in the U.S., and after decades of decline and a drop to 23% in 1999, the share of stay-at-home mothers rose to 29% in 2012.
But it hasn’t always been this way.
1940s: The Economy Needed Women Working And Women Needed Child Care
Seventy-six years ago, the U.S. had a government-funded child care system for working parents. In response to the demands of the defense industries leading up to and during World War II, Congress passed the Defense Housing and Community Facilities and Services Act of 1940. The law funded public works, including child care centers, in communities with defense industries. Families were eligible for child care for up to six days a week, including summers and holidays, and parents paid the equivalent of just $9–$10 a day in today’s dollars. During the less than 10-year run, these government-run daycare centers served more than 100,000 children from families of all incomes.
There was a need for subsidized child care because, as we know, for the first time in U.S. history, both men and women were being encouraged to enter the workforce. In 1940, when the law was passed, only 28% of women were working, but by 1945, more than 34% of women were in the workforce. And the government realized that with two parents working outside the home, it was a social responsibility to provide affordable (and high-quality) child care, just as it’s a social responsibility to provide free public school for older children. But aside from that, there was also an economic motivation for the government to subsidize child care: It needed women in the workforce, just as the economy does now.
New Britain, Connecticut. A child care center, opened September 15, 1942, for 30 children, aged 2 to 5, of mothers engaged in war industry.Photo: Gordon Parks/Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, FSA/OWI Collection, [LC-DIG-fsa-8d30790]
You can guess what happened next. After World War II ended, the defense jobs dried up, and women were largely forced out of (or chose to leave) the workforce. In fact, more than half of the women drawn into the workforce by the war left at the end of the 1940s. And with those jobs went the subsidized child care. It would be decades before Congress would pass another universal child care bill.
1970s: A Threat To “Traditional Family Structures”
In 1971, Congress passed the Comprehensive Child Development Act on a bipartisan vote. The act established a network of nationally funded, locally administered child care centers that would provide education, nutrition, and medical services. Minnesota Senator Walter Mondale viewed the measure as a first step toward national, universal child care. The centers would be open to all on a sliding-scale basis, meaning that unlike most other child care initiatives we’ve seen in more recent years, it would help ease the burden on child care costs on middle class and poor families alike. The amount that Congress authorized for the program would have made a real difference—in today’s dollars, it was the equivalent of five times the 2012 federal budget for Head Start.
The lack of quality, affordable day care is arguably the most significant barrier to full equality for women in the workplace.
Despite early support from officials in his administration, President Nixon vetoed the bill because of conservatives’ worries that subsidized child care would undermine traditional breadwinner-homemaker family structures. The veto also came as the Cold War raged, when fears of a communist approach to social services were at their height.
Today: Falling Far Behind Our Peers
We have moved away from the specter of communism, but many Americans still associate social programs like universal health care and child care as something found only in socialist countries. Many Scandinavian countries have long had national paid parental leave programs as well as guaranteed child care for all children over a year old.
But it’s not just a smattering of Nordic countries that do: All of the United States’s developed peers have far better paid parental leave policies as well as generous child care benefits provided through a combination of government services, unions, and employer funding (and to a much smaller extent, paid for by the parents themselves). To put it in perspective, a 2011 report from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) found that two-earner families in the U.S. pay more than double for child care than almost every other country on the list, including Germany, Australia, France, and Greece.
Almost 70% of women with children under 18 work outside the home.
In the 45 years since the Comprehensive Child Development Act was defeated, the issue of universal child care has never been brought up in a serious way again. President Obama has mentioned the issue (or parts of it) several times over the years, most notably in 2013, when he presented a proposal for a 10-year, $75 billion investment in universal pre-kindergarten for all 4-year-olds. While that measure never passed (the investment would have been financed by higher cigarette taxes, which met political resistance), more than half of U.S. states have since raised their own funds for state government–funded pre-K.
But while the option to take care of and educate children for one year before they start elementary school certainly has its advantages, a patchwork state-by-state system turns this sort of essential care into luck of the draw. It also does nothing for the first four years of a child’s life.
That period is a critical time for development and sets children on the path to the types of adults they will become. According to “The Hell of American Day Care” by Johnathan Cohn, published in The New Republic in 2013, researchers have discovered that what happens in the first few years of life affects the architecture of a child’s brain in ways that shape both intellectual abilities and behavior. “Kids who grow up in nurturing, interactive environments tend to develop the skills they need to thrive as adults,” reports Cohn.
Our Lingering Denial
Since the 1940s, the U.S. has done next to nothing to care for children under 4. There are few programs aimed at the very poor: Head Start, which began in the 1960s with preschool-age children, now offers some measure of assistance to children starting when they’re babies, but is mostly limited to those in foster care or who are homeless. There is also a child care tax credit (which Obama has also tried unsuccessfully to raise during his tenure), but it maxes out at $1,000 (or about 9% of the average cost of day care in the U.S.), and only low-income parents qualify.
But as we saw in the 1940s, the government is capable of agreeing on subsidized child care when it’s obvious that it’s a priority in order to keep women in the workforce. Many signs point to that time being long overdue. The need for child care is a permanent reality in the U.S.: According to the Department of Labor, 57% of women work (a percentage nearly equal to men), and almost 70% of women with children under 18 work outside the home.
Part of the problem seems to be that while the majority of mothers work outside their homes, we still have trouble accepting that the changed landscape of the American family should have also come with a change in how the country views the responsibility of child care.
Of course, the first argument against government-subsidized child care is that caring for one’s children is a personal responsibility, and the burden shouldn’t fall on the shoulders of those who choose not to have children. Yet we are comfortable paying for many social programs that may never benefit us directly: Social Security, pensions, public housing, public schools, libraries, health care. As Cohn points out in his article:
Child care is the major unfinished part of that project. The lack of quality, affordable day care is arguably the most significant barrier to full equality for women in the workplace. It makes it more likely that children born in poverty will remain there. That’s why other developed countries made child care a collective responsibility long ago.
France can serve as a good example of what that “collective responsibility” looks like. There, quality child care for infants through toddlers is subsidized by the government, and families pay based on a sliding scale. Unsurprisingly, 80% of French women work. The cost? The French government devotes about 1% of GPD to child care, more than twice as much as the United States does.
Without intervention, the problem of child care costs in the U.S. will only get worse. According to a Bloomberg report last August, weekly day care costs for children 5 years old and younger rose almost 50% between 1990 and 2011, and the fertility rate in the U.S. is on the rise as millennials enter their prime childbearing years (in 2014 the total number of births in the U.S. increased for the first time since 2007). More births mean an increased demand for day care, which will continue to drive costs up.
But investing in child care isn’t just crucial to keep women in the workforce (which has proved to be good for business: an even gender split at one company contributed to a 41% increase in revenue), it’s also imperative to the overall health of the economy. From The New Republic:
James Heckman, the Nobel-winning economist, has calculated that, in the best early childhood programs, every dollar that society invests yields between $7 and $12 in benefits. When children grow up to become productive members of the workforce, they feed more money into the economy and pay more taxes. They also cost the state less—for trips to the E.R., special education, incarceration, unemployment benefits, and other expenses that have been linked to inadequate nurturing in the earliest years of life. Two Fed economists concluded in a report that “the most efficient means to boost the productivity of the workforce 15 to 20 years down the road is to invest in today’s youngest children” and that such spending would yield “a much higher return than most government-funded economic development initiatives.”
The crushing cost of child care for most U.S. families has only been mentioned in passing by the Democratic candidates, and while he made a nod to it in his final State of the Union address last week, President Obama seems to have dropped the issue from his end-of-term agenda. All of the Democratic presidential candidates have said that , but none have made serious mention of tackling the financial burden that rests on working parents’ shoulders for a much longer period of time.
Universal child care doesn’t have to be the polarizing political issue that it’s become. Most Americans would agree it’s important that women stay in the workforce, that company profits and the economy grow, and that the next generation of workers grow up to be healthy and productive. There are plenty of viable, individual solutions for each of those issues, but only one that’s been shown to tackle all three, and it’s slipped through our fingers twice. Perhaps the third try’s the charm.
Related: What Netflix’s Amazing New Unlimited Parental Leave Policy Really Means
Kathleen Davis is Deputy Editor at FastCompany.com. Previously, she has worked as an editor at Entrepreneur.com, WomansDay.com and Popular Photography magazine.
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FaveThing -> Charlie Sanders -> Sports and Greatest Athletes -> LeBron James
Sourced from: forbes.com
LeBron James (Born Dec 30th 1984) nicknamed "King James" is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the NBA, he is 6ft 8in, and weights about 250lbs. James plays Forward and has also played small forward, and power forward positions. James has won four NBA MVP Awards, two NBA Championships, two NBA Finals MVP Awards, two Olympic gold medals, and NBA scoring title, and the NBA Rookie of the Year Award. He was also selected to ten NBA All-Star teams, and five All-Defensive teams, and is the Cleveland Cavalier's all-time lead scorer.
James played High-School basketball at St. Vincent-St. Mary High-School in his hometown of Akron, Ohio where he was highly promoted in the national media as a future NBA superstar. After his graduation he was selected with the first overall pick in the 2003 NBA draft by the Cavaliers. He currently reels in $60 million. He is currently engaged and has two children.
LeBron, James, LeBron James, King James, Basketball, NBA, Rich, Athlete, Olympics.
Refaves: 1
Jacob Manning into Greatest athletes of all time
Faved February, 27 2014 by:
Charlie Sanders
Calgary, AB, CA
Sports and Greatest Athletes
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No Mere Marriage of Convenience: The Unity of Economic and Social Conservatism
by Robert P. George 11 . 16 . 12
On November 6, Democrats and liberals had a good election night; Republicans and conservatives had a bad one. These things happen. It’s certainly true that the Republican Party and its candidates made some serious mistakes and could have done a number of things better than they did; but it would be tragic”and foolish”for the Party or the conservative movement to abandon its principles. Those principles are true and good. They are the principles on which our nation was founded, and their restoration and defense is vital to its future. Contrary to the claims of the Democratic Party and the cultural-political left, they have not been repudiated by the American people.
Still, all-too-predictably the recriminations have been flying back and forth between different elements in the Republican Party and the conservative movement. Many economic conservatives claim that the Republicans lost the presidential contest and took a drubbing in the battle to win a majority in the United States Senate because of the strong pro-life and pro-marriage stands of the party’s platform and candidates. Their mantra is “time for a truce” (i.e., surrender) on social issues.
Some social conservatives lay blame for the Republican defeat on those whose pro-market and small government convictions and rhetoric allegedly lead working class people and other voters to believe that the party and its candidates are only concerned to protect the economic privileges of the rich and don’t care about ordinary people.
Both sides need to knock it off. Economic and social conservatives need each other”and not merely to win elections. The marriage of economic and social conservatism, while not always a love match, is no mere marriage of convenience. It is a union rooted in shared principles. Let me offer some reflections on why I believe that to be true.
Any healthy society, any decent society, will rest upon three pillars. The first is respect for the human person”the individual human being and his dignity. Where this pillar is in place, the formal and informal institutions of society, and the beliefs and practices of the people, will be such that every member of the human family”irrespective of race, sex, or ethnicity, to be sure, but also and equally irrespective of age, size, stage of development, or condition of dependency”is treated as a person”that is, as a subject bearing profound, inherent, and equal worth and dignity.
A society that does not nurture respect for the human person”beginning with the child in the womb, and including the mentally and physically impaired and the frail elderly”will sooner or later (probably sooner, rather than later) come to regard human beings as mere cogs in the larger social wheel whose dignity and well-being may legitimately be sacrificed for the sake of the collectivity. Some members of the community”those in certain development stages, for example”will come to be regarded as disposable, and others”those in certain conditions of dependency, for example, will come to be viewed as intolerably burdensome, as “useless eaters, as “better off dead,” as le bensunwertes Leben s.
In its most extreme modern forms, totalitarian regimes reduce the individual to the status of an instrument to serve the ends of the fascist state or the future communist utopia. When liberal democratic regimes go awry, it is often because a utilitarian ethic reduces the human person to a means rather than an end to which other things including the systems and institutions of law, education, and the economy are means.
The abortion license against which we struggle today is dressed up by its defenders in the language of individual and even natural rights”and there can be no doubt that the acceptance of abortion is partly the fruit of me-generation liberal ideology”a corruption (and burlesque) of liberal political philosophy in its classical form; but more fundamentally it is underwritten by a utilitarian ethic that, in the end, vaporizes the very idea of natural rights, treating the idea (in Jeremy Bentham’s famously dismissive words) as “nonsense on stilts.”
In cultures in which religious fanaticism has taken hold, the dignity of the individual is typically sacrificed for the sake of tragically misbegotten theological ideas and goals. By contrast, a liberal democratic ethos, where it is uncorrupted by utilitarianism or me-generation expressive individualism, supports the dignity of the human person by giving witness to basic human rights and liberties.
Where a healthy religious life flourishes, faith in God provides a grounding for the dignity and inviolability of the human person by, for example, proposing an understanding of each and every member of the human family, even those of different faiths or professing no particular faith, as persons made in the image and likeness of the divine Author of our lives and liberties.
The second pillar of any decent society is the institution of the family . It is indispensable. The family, based on the marital commitment of husband and wife, is the original and best ministry of health, education, and welfare. Although no family is perfect, no institution matches the healthy family in its capacity to transmit to each new generation the understandings and traits of character”the values and virtues”upon which the success of every other institution of society, from law and government to educational institutions and business firms, vitally depends.
Where families fail to form, or too many break down, the effective transmission of the virtues of honesty, civility, self-restraint, concern for the welfare of others, justice, compassion, and personal responsibility is imperiled. Without these virtues, respect for the dignity of the human person, the first pillar of a decent society, will be undermined and sooner or later lost”for even the most laudable formal institutions cannot uphold respect for human dignity where people do not have the virtues that make that respect a reality and give it vitality in actual social practices.
Respect for the dignity of the human being requires more than formally sound institutions; it requires a cultural ethos in which people act from conviction to treat each other as human beings should be treated: with respect, civility, justice, compassion. The best legal and political institutions ever devised are of little value where selfishness, contempt for others, dishonesty, injustice, and other types of immorality and irresponsibility flourish.
Indeed, the effective working of governmental institutions themselves depends upon most people most of the time obeying the law out of a sense of moral obligation, and not merely out of fear of detection and punishment for law-breaking. And perhaps it goes without saying that the success of business and a market-based economic system depends on there being reasonably virtuous, trustworthy, law-abiding, promise-keeping people to serve as workers and managers, lenders, regulators, and payers of bills for goods and services.
The third pillar of any decent society is a fair and effective system of law and government. This is necessary because none of us is perfectly virtuous all the time, and some people will be deterred from wrongdoing only by the threat of punishment. More importantly, contemporary philosophers of law tell us the law coordinates human behavior for the sake of achieving common goals ” the common good ” especially in dealing with the complexities of modern life. Even if all of us were perfectly virtuous all of the time, we would still need a system of laws (considered as a scheme of authoritatively stipulated coordination norms) to accomplish many of our common ends (safely transporting ourselves on the streets, to take a simple and obvious example).
The success of business firms and the economy as a whole depends vitally on a fair and effective system and set of institutions for the administration of justice. We need judges skilled in the craft of law, free of corruption, and disciplined enough to respect the limits of their own authority in the constitutional system. We need to be able to rely on courts to apply legal rules and principles faithfully to settle disputes, including disputes between parties who are both in good faith, and to enforce contracts and other agreements and enforce them in a timely manner.
Indeed, the knowledge that contracts will be enforced is usually sufficient to ensure that courts will not actually be called on to enforce them. A sociological fact of which we can be certain is this: Where there is no reliable system of the administration of justice”no confidence that the courts will hold people to their obligations under the law”business will not flourish and everyone in the society will suffer.
A society can, in my opinion, be a decent one even if it is not a dynamic one , if the three pillars are healthy and functioning in a mutually supportive way (as they will do if each is healthy). Now, conservatives of a certain stripe believe that a truly decent society cannot be a dynamic one. Dynamism, they believe, causes instability that undermines the pillars of a decent society. So some conservatives in old Europe and even the United States opposed not only industrialism but the very idea of a commercial society, fearing that commercial economies inevitably produce consumerist and acquisitive materialist attitudes that corrode the foundations of decency. And some, such as some Amish communities in the U.S., reject education for their children beyond what is necessary to master reading, writing, and arithmetic, on the ground that higher education leads to worldliness and apostasy and undermines religious faith and moral virtue.
Although a decent society need not be a dynamic one (as the Amish example shows) dynamism need not erode decency. A dynamic society need not be one in which consumerism and materialism become rife and in which moral and spiritual values disappear. Indeed, dynamism can play a positive moral role and, I would venture to say, almost certainly will play such a role where what makes it possible is sufficient to sustain it over the long term.
That is, I realize, a rather cryptic comment, so let me explain what I mean. To do that, I will have to offer some thoughts on what in fact makes social dynamism possible.
The two pillars of social dynamism are, first, institutions of research and education in which the frontiers of knowledge across the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences are pushed back, and through which knowledge is transmitted to students and disseminated to the public at large; and, second, business firms and associated institutions supporting them or managed in ways that are at least in some respects patterned on their principles, by which wealth is generated, widely distributed, and preserved.
We can think of universities and business firms, together with respect for the dignity of the human person, the institution of the family, and the system of law and government, as the five pillars of decent and dynamic societies. The university and the business firm depend in various ways for their well-being on the well-being of the others, and they can help to support the others in turn. At the same time, of course, ideologies and practices hostile to the pillars of a decent society can manifest themselves in higher education and in business and these institutions can erode the social values on which they themselves depend not only for their own integrity, but for their long-term survival.
It is all too easy to take the pillars for granted. So it is important to remember that each of them has come under attack from different angles and forces. Operating from within universities, persons, and movements hostile to one or the other of these pillars, usually preaching or acting in the name of high ideals of one sort or another, have gone on the attack.
Attacks on business and the very idea of the market economy and economic freedom coming from the academic world are, of course, well known. Students are sometimes taught to hold business, and especially businessmen, in contempt as heartless exploiters driven by greed. In my own days as a student, these attacks were often made explicitly in the name of Marxism. One notices less of that after the collapse of the Soviet empire, but the attacks themselves have abated little. Needless to say, where businesses behave unethically they play into the stereotypes of the enemies of the market system and facilitate their effort to smear business and the free market for the sake of transferring greater control of the economy to government.
Similarly, attacks on the family, and particularly on the institution of marriage on which the family is built, are common in the academy. The line here is that the family, at least as traditionally constituted and understood, is a patriarchal and exploitative institution that oppresses women and imposes on people forms of sexual restraint that are psychologically damaging and inhibiting of the free expression of their personality.
As has become clear in the past decade and a half, there is a profound threat to the family here, one against which we must fight with all our energy and will. It is difficult to think of any item on the domestic agenda that is more critical today than the defense of marriage as the union of husband and wife and the effort to renew and rebuild the marriage culture.
What has also become clear is that the threats to the family (and to the sanctity of human life) are at the same time and necessarily threats to religious freedom and to religion itself”at least where the religions in question stand up and speak out for conjugal marriage and the rights of the child in the womb. From the point of view of those seeking to re-define marriage and to protect and advance what they regard as the right to abortion the taming of religion, and the stigmatization and marginalization of religions that refuse to be tamed, is a moral imperative.
It is therefore not surprising to see that they are increasingly open in saying that they do not see disputes about sex and marriage and abortion and euthanasia as honest disagreements among reasonable people of goodwill. They are, rather, battles between the forces of “reason” and “enlightenment,” on one side, and those of “ignorance” and “bigotry,” on the other. Their opponents are to be treated just as racists are treated”since they are the equivalent of racists.
That doesn’t necessarily mean imprisoning them or fining them for expressing unacceptable opinions”though “hate crimes” laws in certain jurisdictions raise the specter of precisely such abuses; but it does mean using antidiscrimination laws and other legal instruments to stigmatize them, marginalize them, and impose upon them and their institutions various forms of social and even civil disability”with few if any meaningful protections for religious liberty and the rights of conscience.
Some will counsel that commercial businesses and business people “have no horse in this race.” They will say that these are moral, cultural, and religious disputes about which business people and people concerned with economic freedom need not concern themselves. The reality is that the ideological movements that today seek, for example, to redefine marriage and abolish its normativity for romantic relations and the rearing of children are the same movements that seek to undermine the market-based economic system and replace it with statist control of vast areas of economic life.
Moreover, the rise of ideologies hostile to marriage and the family has had a measurable social impact, and its costs are counted in ruined relationships, damaged lives, and all that follows in the social sphere from these personal catastrophes. In many poorer places in the United States, and I believe this is true in many other countries, families are simply failing to form and marriage is disappearing or coming to be regarded as an optional “life-style choice””one among various optional ways of conducting relationships and having and rearing children. Out of wedlock birthrates are very high, with the negative consequences being borne less by the affluent than by those in the poorest and most vulnerable sectors of society.
In 1965, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, a Harvard professor who was then working in the administration of President Lyndon Johnson, shocked Americans by reporting findings that the out-of-wedlock birth rate among African-Americans in the United States had reached nearly 25%. He warned that the phenomenon of boys and girls being raised without fathers in poorer communities would result in social pathologies that would severely harm those most in need of the supports of solid family life.
His predictions were all too quickly verified. The widespread failure of family formation portended disastrous social consequences of delinquency, despair, violence, drug abuse, and crime and incarceration. A snowball effect resulted in the further growth of the out-of-wedlock birth rate. It is now over 70% among African-Americans. It is worth noting that at the time of Moynihan’s report, the out-of-wedlock birth rate for the population as a whole was almost 6%. Today, that rate is over 40%.
The economic consequences of these developments are evident. Consider the need of business to have available to it a responsible and capable work force. Business cannot manufacture honest, hard working people to employ. Nor can government create them by law. Businesses and governments depend on there being many such people, but they must rely on the family, assisted by religious communities and other institutions of civil society, to produce them. So business has a stake”a massive stake”in the long-term health of the family. It should avoid doing anything to undermine the family, and it should do what it can where it can to strengthen the institution.
As an advocate of dynamic societies, I believe in the market economy and the free enterprise system. I particularly value the social mobility that economic dynamism makes possible. Indeed, I am a beneficiary of that social mobility. A bit over a hundred years ago, my immigrant grandfathers”one from southern Italy, the other from Syria”were coal miners. Neither had so much as remotely considered the possibility of attending a university”as a practical economic matter, such a thing was simply out of the question.
At that time, Woodrow Wilson, the future President of the United States, was the McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton. Today, just two generations forward, I, the grandson of those immigrant coal miners, am the McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton. And what is truly remarkable is that my story is completely unremarkable. Something like it is the story of millions of Americans. Perhaps it goes without saying that this kind of upward mobility is not common in corporatist or socialist economic systems; but it is very common in market-based free enterprise economies.
Having said that, I should note that I am not a supporter of the laissez-faire doctrine embraced by strict libertarians. I believe that law and government do have important and, indeed, indispensable roles to play in regulating enterprises for the sake of protecting public health, safety, and morals, preventing exploitation and abuse, and promoting fair competitive circumstances of exchange. But these roles are compatible, I would insist, with the ideal of limited government and the principle of subsidiarity according to which government must respect individual initiative to the extent reasonably possible and avoid violating the autonomy and usurping the authority of families, religious communities, and other institutions of civil society that play the primary role in building character and transmitting virtues.
But having said that, I would warn that limited government”considered as an ideal as vital to business as to the family”cannot be maintained where the marriage culture collapses and families fail to form or easily dissolve. Where these things happen, the health, education, and welfare functions of the family will have to be undertaken by someone, or some institution, and that will sooner or later be the government.
To deal with pressing social problems, bureaucracies will grow, and with them the tax burden. Moreover, the growth of crime and other pathologies where family breakdown is rampant will result in the need for more extensive policing and incarceration and, again, increased taxes to pay for these government services. If we want limited government, as we should, and a level of taxation that is not unduly burdensome, we need healthy institutions of civil society, beginning with a flourishing marriage culture supporting family formation and preservation.
Advocates of the market economy, and supporters of marriage and the family , have common opponents in hard-left socialism, the entitlement mentality, and the statist ideologies that provide their intellectual underpinnings. But the marriage of advocates of limited government and economic freedom, on the one hand, and the supporters of marriage and the family, on the other, is not, and must not be regarded as, a mere marriage of convenience.
The reason they have common enemies is that they have common principles: namely, respect for the human person, which grounds our commitment to individual liberty and the right to economic freedom and other essential civil liberties; belief in personal responsibility, which is a pre-condition of the possibility and moral desirability of individual liberty in any domain; recognition of subsidiarity as the basis for effective but truly limited government and for the integrity of the institutions of civil society that mediate between the individual and the centralized power of the state; respect for the rule of law; and recognition of the vital role played by the family and by religious institutions that support the character-forming functions of the family in the flourishing of any decent and dynamic society.
Congressman Paul Ryan has put the matter well:
A “libertarian” who wants limited government should embrace the means to his freedom: thriving mediating institutions that create the moral preconditions for economic markets and choice. A “social issues” conservative with a zeal for righteousness should insist on a free market economy to supply the material needs for families, schools, and churches that inspire moral and spiritual life. In a nutshell, the notion of separating the social from the economic issues is a false choice. They stem from the same root . . . . They complement and complete each other. A prosperous moral community is a prerequisite for a just and ordered society and the idea that either side of this current divide can exist independently is a mirage.
The two greatest institutions ever devised for lifting people out of poverty and enabling them to live in dignity are the market economy and the institution of marriage. These institutions will, in the end, stand or fall together. Contemporary statist ideologues have contempt for both of these institutions, and they fully understand the connection between them. We who believe in the market and in the family should see the connection no less clearly.
Robert P. George is McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence and Director of the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University.
Become a fan of First Things on Facebook , subscribe to First Things via RSS , and follow First Things on Twitter .
Articles by Robert P. George
@McCormickProf
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Fleet diesel dominance to decline as government publishes air quality plans
Posted on 12th May 2017 by admin
Diesel’s share of the UK new car market is set to decline as fleets take a more “open-minded approach” to petrol-engined cars and demand for plug-in and hybrid models increases under pressure from potential tax changes and introduction of a network of Clean Air Zones in towns and cities nationwide.
Clear Air Zones are expected to be introduced by local authorities that have breached air quality standards and they are the central focus of the government’s long-awaited plans to reduce nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels nationally.
The Clean Air Zones – around 80 local authorities have been identified by the government as having roads with concentrations of nitrogen dioxide forecasted at above legal levels – were the key plank in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs’ long-awaited Air Quality Plan published this month.
The government hopes that its proposals, which are out consultation to June 15 with the final Plan expected to be published by July 31, will reduce the impact of diesel vehicles, and accelerate the move to cleaner transport, notably plug-in vehicles. At that time it will also confirm the local authorities which will formally and legally be required to develop and implement comprehensive Clean Air Zone plans.
Simultaneously, the government announced in the Spring Budget, it would continue to explore the appropriate tax treatment for diesel vehicles with any changes announced in the Autumn 2017 Budget.
Additionally, the government has signalled that it wants public sector fleets to move away from operating diesel vehicles and has called on businesses to follow that lead highlighting corporate social responsibilities.
Furthermore, the government says it will consult separately on regulatory changes to support the uptake of alternatively fuelled (non-diesel) vans.
The government said: “Vans spend much of their time driving around our towns and cities and over 96% of them are diesel powered so there is a pressing need to support innovative new solutions.”
It suggests that one way of achieving that was to encourage the uptake of cleaner fuels in delivery vehicle fleets. Proposals include:
Increasing the weight limit of alternatively-fuelled vans that can be driven on a category B driving licence in the UK
Exempting certain alternatively-fuelled vans from goods vehicle operator licensing requirements in Britain
Introducing roadworthiness testing for electric vans in Britain.
All those developments have led the consulting arm of motor industry date suppliers and forecasters CAP HPI to conclude in its new ‘Petrol versus Diesel’ report: “It is clear that the fleet market is concerned enough about future diesel values to reduce their exposure to them. As we start to see restrictions in the use of diesel vehicles in our cities, used buyers will become increasingly wary of the technology and this will impact residual values.
“As these disadvantages begin to outweigh the benefits of diesel vehicles – and the increasing awareness of total cost of ownership is already putting paid to this – we will start to see a vicious circle of declining used demand and declining residual values.”
With some fleets are opening up their ranges to petrol, the report continues: “With declining diesel residual values starting to become apparent, fleets are moving to balance their portfolios to reduce their exposure to falling diesel residuals. Similarly, there is an increased demand for low and zero-emission vehicles from businesses wanting to show themselves as environmentally aware.
“At the same time, end-users are also looking to shift away from diesel. With benefit-in-kind taxation on company cars planned to increase over the remainder of the decade, more and more company car user-choosers are looking at low and zero-emission alternatives, some of which offer a better deal for company car drivers.”
However, Gerry Keaney, chief executive of the British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association, said: “Diesel vehicles remain a vital part of the fleet mix though, as diesel engines are the most energy-efficient internal combustion engines. It is often the most appropriate powertrain for long distance journeys and non-urban freight transportation, and the latest Euro6 diesel engines have made some major gains in reducing harmful NOx (nitrogen oxide) emissions.”
Five cities – Birmingham, Leeds, Nottingham, Derby and Southampton – are already required to introduce Clean Air Zones under the government’s 2015 UK Air Quality Plan. Additionally local authorities in Greater Manchester and in Bristol and South Gloucestershire have secured Air Quality Grant funding to develop Clean Air Zone proposals.
The government says it will work closely with local authorities with a view to them finalising detailed proposals covering entry and charging criteria to the Clean Air Zones within 18 months for introduction in 2020 or sooner if possible.
The government is recommending that the minimum emission standard for Clean Air Zones are: Cars and vans, Euro6 diesel or Euro4 petrol; HGVs, buses and coaches, Euro V1; and motorcycles/mopeds, Euro3. Vehicles that do not meet those standards could be charged to enter a Clean Air Zone. The suggested entry criteria mirrors that of the Ultra-Low Emission Zone scheduled to be introduced in central London in September 2019.
Implementation of each Clean Air Zone must be approved by the government before it can go ahead. A framework document outlining a range of measures that should be incorporated within a Clean Air Zone to improve the urban environment and thus move towns and cities to what the government calls “a low emission economy” includes:
Exploring innovative retrofitting technologies targeted at local bus, taxi or HGV fleets. That and new fuels;
Buying ultra-low emission vehicles and encouraging local transport operators to do the same;
Encouraging private uptake of ultra-low emission vehicles via ensuring adequate chargepoints for plug-in vehicles;
Encouraging use of public transport, cycling, walking, park and ride schemes, and car sharing;
Improving road layouts and junctions to optimise traffic flow, for example by considering removal of road humps;
Working with local businesses and neighbouring authorities to ensure a consistent approach; and
Charging certain types of vehicles to enter or move within the Clean Air Zone.
However, the government argues that charging for Zone entry should be treated by local authorities as a last resort, pointing out it should only be used where local authorities fail to identify equally effective alternatives. However, there is concern as to how effective non-charging Clean Air Zones would be in persuading drivers to stay out of those areas.
If local authorities conclude that charging was the only way to achieve compliance in the shortest possible time, they will be required to set out the detail of: the roads and classes of vehicles subject to a charge, what the charges will be, the manner in which charges would be made, collected, recorded and paid, the hours during which charges would apply, exemptions and reduced rates from charges and enforcement regimes and penalties for non-payment of charges. Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) would be used for the operation of charging Clean Air Zones.
The government says that local authorities should set the level of charge for vehicles entering a zone appropriate to their local circumstances. The level of charge would be within upper and lower bands, which the government says it will publish at a later date.
Other measures to improve air quality suggested in the raft of government documents published include:
Reducing speed limits notably on motorways from 70mph to 60mph, although the documents say further monitoring in real world conditions was required
Improved vehicle labelling to encourage a shift of purchasing behaviour away from new diesel vehicles to alternative vehicle types
Influencing driver behaviour through eco-driving schemes.
The government’s proposals also say that local authorities and other public bodies operating within a Clean Air Zone should ensure the fleet they operate, or are operated on their behalf, and ideally in the wider authority, meets the standards for the Zone.
The government also believes the arrival of Clean Air Zones give local fleets the opportunity to demonstrate how new technologies and approaches could go further than the standard implemented.
It says that the use of ultra-low emission vehicles, alternative fuels and approaches to ‘grey fleet’ – employees driving their own cars on work-related journeys – could all demonstrate a lead.
The documents go on to say: “This might include working with staff on engagement and incentive schemes to reduce vehicle use, such as car clubs and car sharing schemes, cycling incentives and facilities, or flexible working practices.”
The government also says that it is “determined to lead by example” and was taking action to ensure its operations and purchasing power supported reductions in NO2 and other pollutants.
The government is currently busy updating its Buying Standards for vehicles, which set down minimum mandatory and best practice standards requirements for cars, vans, buses and trucks, and they will focus on encouraging the purchase of ultra-low emission vehicles where appropriate and low NO2 emission models.
Additionally, the government says it will work with the Energy Savings Trust and with local authorities to promote the use of Government Buying Standards throughout local government, the wider public sector and beyond in order to “avoid purchasing diesel vehicles wherever possible”. It says the Standards should be used as the “starting point for fleet procurement and operations”.
Businesses, suggests the government, could also play an important role in improving air quality through both how they operate and through influencing their employees’ behaviour.
The government says: “Improving air quality should be considered an important part of corporate responsibility and sustainability. Businesses which make improvements should be supported and rewarded for their action creating a virtuous circle where the city becomes an attractive place for businesses and their customers.”
The Air Quality Plan proposals recommends that: “Local authorities should work with local businesses to explain the aims of a Clean Air Zone and encourage the uptake of programmes to address air quality. Authorities should encourage businesses to take a lead and work with their local communities.”
That may include:
Working with SMEs and other businesses to help them understand their options for adapting to a Clean Air Zone, and the support available to them
Engaging business participation in environmental sustainability and training programmes, for example to improve driver behaviour, and campaigns to raise employee awareness
Working with local employers to increase awareness in their staff about local public transport choices and alternatives, and initiatives such as car clubs and car sharing
Encouraging businesses to commit to use only their cleanest vehicles in a Clean Air Zone
Encouraging businesses to commit, when buying new vehicles, to purchase those in line with or higher than Clean Air Zone standards
Encouraging businesses to adopt approaches to operations that can support a Clean Air Zone
Encouraging large taxi or private hire users, such as universities and hospitals, to require ultra-low emission vehicles within their contracts and promote travel planning to minimise use.
Encouraging the uptake of business recognition schemes such as Go Ultra Low Company status, ECO stars, Logistics Car Reduction Scheme and Fleet Operator Recognition Scheme
Developing delivery service plans with local businesses.
The consultation document and related papers, which applies to England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, can be viewed at https://consult.defra.gov.uk/airquality/air-quality-plan-for-tackling-nitrogen-dioxide/
The FSGB view
The clock is ticking for fleets that pollute. Following the 2002 changes in company car benefit-in-kind tax to a regime based on carbon dioxide emissions, diesel has been the default fleet position. It is clear that government policy is to change that yet, as the likes of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders and the British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association highlight, Euro6 diesel engines are the most energy-efficient internal combustion engines and often the most appropriate powertrain for long distance journeys and non-urban freight transportation so diesel vehicles remain a vital part of the fleet mix, but probably not retaining the dominant position they have held. However, in the new ultra-low emission environment company car decision-making based on whole life costs and fitness for purpose must remain absolute when vehicle replacement is on the agenda. The alternative to diesel vans is less clear cut as petrol-engined models are virtually non-existent and electric models for most fleets are not currently operationally viable. Therefore, diesel will remain first choice but van fleets should look to introduce Euro6 models to ensure they don’t fall foul of any future Clean Air Zone entry criteria.
Fleets to face big changes if MoT regulations are revised
The government is now considering responses to its proposal to extend the time when cars and vans require a first MoT from three to four years – although there are demands that large vans are tested annually.
Any changes could have far-reaching implications for fleets in terms of both operating costs and an even greater focus on ensuring vehicles are roadworthy.
Both the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) and the Retail Motor Industry Federation (RMIF) have called for the status quo to be maintained – an annual MoT when a vehicle is three years old.
However, while the British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association (BVRLA) supports the government’s MoT extension proposal for new cars from three to four years and some vans, it opposes the same move for class 7 vans (those weighing 3,000- 3,500kg).
The Association recommends that the date of the first MoT test for large vans should be cut to one year after first registration, in order to address any potential safety considerations. Such a move could significantly impact on fleet operating costs.
The Department for Transport has proposed three options:
No change, maintaining the current period for vehicles requiring a first MoT at three years
Extending the first MoT for all vehicles currently requiring one at three years, to four years
As option two, but excluding vans in classes 4 (up to 3000kg) and 7, where the current MoT three-year first test timing will be maintained
The government says its preference is for either the second or third options.
In making the proposal, the government has calculated that vehicle owners could collectively save more than £100 million every year.
The SMMT says extending the time when cars and vans require a first MoT from three to four years would have a significant impact on vehicle safety. It also suggested that new technology in cars such as tyre pressure monitoring systems, lane departure warning or wet weather tyre performance, was making cars safer.
Simultaneously, the SMMT suggested that delaying a vehicle’s first MoT could reduce road safety with almost 500,000 more cars potentially in an unfit condition driving freely and unchecked on UK roads as a total of 17% of all models taking their first MoT at three years old did not meet minimum safety requirements.
It pointed out that while new technology-based systems helped prevent or mitigate accidents, they did not change the fundamental underlying operation of wear and tear products such as tyres and brakes, which continued to require regular checks and maintenance.
The RMIF shares that view and, while it agreed that modern cars were better built than ever before, factors such as the condition of Britain’s roads combined with high mileages meant vehicles should be checked more by mechanics.
Mike Hawes, SMMT chief executive, concluded: “The MoT is an essential check on the safety and roadworthiness of vehicles. Extending the first test for cars from three to four years poses a serious risk to road safety and vehicles’ environmental performance.”
Although the SMMT and RMIF highlight that safety should come ahead of deregulation, cost saving or convenience, the BVRLA has warned that, while supporting the extension proposal it should not apply to large vans.
Gerry Keaney, chief executive of the BVRLA, said: “Modern cars are safer than ever. As such, we believe the proposed extension before the first MoT test is required can be implemented without risk to public safety.”
Nevertheless, with work-related road safety high up on fleet decision-makers’ agendas any move to a first MoT at four years would require an even greater focus on risk management, particularly in terms of vehicle service, maintenance and repair management.
However, Mr Keaney continued: “Van traffic is growing, and these vehicles’ average annual mileages are significantly higher than the average car on UK roads. At a time when the government’s own data shows large vans have appalling first time pass rates, the BVRLA believes these vehicles should be getting tested every year, not every three or four years.
“Many large vans fail their first MoT because they have not been well maintained and have substandard brakes, so they pose a real risk to road safety.”
If the BVRLA’s call wins government support it will undoubtedly increase operating costs for businesses running class 7 vans. That could mean that some organisations consider downsizing to class 4 vans, which are excluded from the organisation’s proposal.
The consultation has now closed and civil servants are studying responses. A decision on whether to retain the current MoT rules or change them will be one of the first considerations for the next Transport Secretary appointed following the June 8 general election.
Whatever the government decides in respect of when vehicles should undergo an MoT, managing the roadworthiness of a vehicle comes down to influencing, measuring and improving driver performance. Drivers, whether at the wheel of a car or a van, are the single biggest influence on fleet operating costs. MoT failures for large vans are, according to data from the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency worryingly high, but that is down to a failure of fleets to have in place a daily regime of vehicle checks undertaken by drivers. What’s more, MoT pass rates for all cars and smaller vans are far from perfect. Efficiently and effectively managing drivers and vehicles on a daily basis means that not only will operating costs reduce, but the frequency of an MoT will simply result in the updating of a mandatory record as a ‘pass’ should be recorded every time.
London to introduce Ultra-Low Emission Zone in April 2019
The world’s first Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) will be introduced in central London from April 8, 2019 – 17 months earlier than the previously announced September 7, 2020 start date.
Fleet operators should check the emission standards of their current vehicles – particularly ensuring that replacement programmes mean Euro6 diesel emission standards will be met by the time of the ULEZ’s introduction – or they will pay the price for entry. Typically petrol-engined cars operated by fleets will be of an age that they meet entry eligibility.
The ULEZ will cover the same area as the capital’s existing congestion charging zone. Petrol vehicles that don’t meet Euro4 emission standards and diesel vehicles that do not meet Euro6 emission standards will have to pay a ULEZ daily fee (£12.50 for cars, vans and motorbikes; £100 for buses, coaches and HGVs) to drive in the zone, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
It means petrol cars more than 13 years old in 2019, and diesel cars more than four years old in 2019, are unlikely to meet the new standards. The total cost, with the congestion charge added (during the times of day it is applicable), for drivers with non-compliant cars to drive in central London will be £24 a day (£23 for congestion charge fleet auto pay customers).
London Mayor Sadiq Khan has already confirmed the £10 T-Charge, which will start in October this year. He is now proposing, following a public consultation launched last month that will be replaced by the ULEZ.
In launching the consultation, the Mayor said he was committed to taking ambitious action to protect Londoners from the damaging health impacts of air pollution from toxic vehicle emissions.
The ULEZ will apply to all vehicle types, except black taxis. It is estimated that introducing the initiative in central London will result in nearly a 50% reduction in road transport NOx emissions in 2020.
Once the Mayor has finished consulting on the current ULEZ proposals in June, he will start consulting on actions that will expand the scheme in 2020 and again 12 months later.
The Mayor said that the planned timescales would provide Londoners, motorists coming into the capital from elsewhere and businesses which will be affected, sufficient time to take the necessary steps to prepare for the new standards. They also reflected the minimum amount of time needed for Transport for London to consult on and implement such technically complex schemes over such large parts of the capital.
Mr Khan said: “The air in London is lethal and I will not stand by and do nothing. I am introducing a new T-Charge this October and subject to consultation, I want to introduce the ULEZ in central London in April 2019. This alone will mean the capital has the toughest emission standard of any world city.
“But the scale of our air quality challenge is so big that I need to go further. I want to expand the ULEZ from 2020 for heavy vehicles such as buses, coaches and lorries so that all of London will benefit from cleaner air. Then from 2021, I want to expand it up to the North and South Circular roads for light vehicles, including cars and vans. These measures will help improve the air that millions of Londoners breathe.
“I want to announce my intention to consult on these proposals in good time so that business and those affected by new charges will have time to make changes they need to adapt to our low emission requirements.”
If a vehicle does not meet the ULEZ emissions standards and the daily charge is not paid, a Penalty Charge Notice (PCN) will be issued payable by the registered owner or operator. The penalty would be in addition to any congestion charge or Low Emission Zone penalties received. For motorcycles, cars, vans and minibuses the penalty is £130 (reduced to £65 if paid within 14 days) and for HGVs, coaches and buses it will be £1,000 (reduced to £500 if paid within 14 days).
The consultation on the start date of the central London ULEZ runs until June 25. Other proposals will be consulted on later this year.
The T-Charge (Toxicity Charge) will be introduced on October 23. It applies to vehicles, including cars, vans, minibuses, buses, coaches and HGVs, that do not meet Euro4 standards, typically those diesel and petrol vehicles registered before 2006. It will operate on top of, and during the same operating times, as the congestion charge (Monday to Friday 7am-6pm).
Taking a car abroad on holiday this summer: the rules have changed
Many company car drivers will be taking to continental roads this summer as they take their families on summer holidays and, depending on countries being visited, new rules have come into force.
New European Union regulations mean member states, including the UK, have to share information on drivers relating to traffic offences – with significant implications for fleets. The so-called Cross-Border Enforcement Directive, actually came into force two years ago, but the UK secured a derogation giving it until this month (May) to implement the change.
Critically, there are widespread implications for fleets and drivers as there are differences in member state laws around whether the driver or the registered keeper of a vehicle is responsible following an offence.
Meanwhile, company car drivers journeying to Paris, Lyon and Grenoble must display vehicle emissions stickers in their vehicles following the launch by the cities of the Crit’Air scheme. It is expected that a further 22 French towns and cities will introduce the system by 2020.
That is all in addition to company car drivers ensuring they have the correct vehicle ownership documentation with them, which must be carried by law when journeying abroad in most European countries.
In the case of a company car being owned by the driver’s employer that means being in possession of the vehicle’s registration document (V5C). However, if the vehicle is leased or hired than a Vehicle on Hire certificate (VE103) must be carried instead, which gives the owner’s permission for the vehicle to be driven overseas.
The Directive enables European Union drivers to be potentially identified for offences committed in a member state other than the one where their vehicle is registered.
In practical terms, the Directive provides member states access to each other’s vehicle registration data via an electronic information system to exchange the necessary information in which the offence was committed and the country in which the vehicle was registered.
Once the vehicle owner’s name and address are known, a letter to the presumed offender may be sent.
The Directive covers the eight most common traffic offences: Speeding, failing to use a seatbelt, failing to stop at a red traffic light, drink-driving, driving while under the influence of drugs, failing to wear a safety helmet, the use of a forbidden lane and illegally using a mobile telephone or any other communication devices while driving.
But the Directive does not harmonise either the nature of the offences, nor the system of sanctions for the offences. So it is the national rules in the member state of offence, which continue to apply regarding both the nature of the offence and sanctions.
RAC spokesman Simon Williams said how the new law would work was unclear. He explained: “Unfortunately the application of the Directive is simply not practical. In the UK it is the driver of a speeding vehicle who receives penalty points whereas in France it is the vehicle’s registered keeper who is deemed to be responsible. This means a French person caught speeding in the UK could get away with the offence if they were not the registered keeper of the vehicle concerned, as the French equivalent of the DVLA can only pass details of the offence to the keeper. This may make prosecution extremely hard for UK authorities.
“And if a UK driver is caught speeding in France in a vehicle they are not the owner of, they too might get away with the fine as the registered keeper in the UK would be pursued by the French authorities to pay. While the keeper can state in response they were not the driver, the big question is: will French authorities pursue and fine keepers who claim they weren’t driving at the time?”
The RAC said it had been advised by the Department for Transport that there was no transfer of penalty points to UK drivers’ licences for speeding offences committed abroad.
Nevertheless, said Mr Williams: “We strongly recommend every motorist travelling to Europe by car familiarises themselves with the local rules of the road as it is ultimately their responsibility to do so.”
Meanwhile, the Crit’Air scheme is designed to tackle pollution and requires all vehicles – cars, commercial vehicles, motorbikes and buses – to display a windscreen sticker, or vignette, according to how much they pollute.
The Crit’Air system is used on days when air quality is poor to prevent the worst polluting vehicles from driving in affected cities.
Stickers, which cost £3.60 (€4.18) each including postage, come in six categories and cover the very cleanest electric or hydrogen-powered vehicles (Crit’Air green sticker) to the dirtiest (Crit’Air 5 grey sticker). These relate to the six European Union emission standards for cars – dating back to 1992 when Euro1 was introduced. The penalty for failure to display a sticker is an on-the-spot fine of between €68-135 (£58 to £117). Vignettes can be ordered from the official Crit’Air website – www.certificat-air.gouv.fr/ – and should be delivered within 30 days. To apply for a sticker online drivers must know their vehicle’s European Emissions Standard. The fine for a failure to display a sticker is up to £117.
Country-by-country motoring information is available on the RAC website at www.rac.co.uk/drive/travel/driving-abroad/
Our advice is simple. If you know that you will be taking your company car – or your own car – abroad this summer then ensure you are in possession of the correct documentation as soon as possible. It takes times for documents to be applied for and processed and leaving it to the final days before departure could cause unnecessary stress and upheaval if the correct paperwork does not arrive in time.
No Brexit tariff-free trade deal could trigger huge increase in vehicle and component costs
A failure by the government to secure a tariff-free trade deal as it negotiates the UK’s exit from the European Union will increase the price of new cars and vans by thousands of pounds and also raise the cost of replacement parts.
“Some £1,500” could be added to the cost of every new car sold in the country, according to the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) if trade tariffs were implemented on the UK as a result of Brexit; the European Automobile Manufacturer’s Association (ACEA) has calculated that the price of light commercial vehicles could rise by 10-22%, cars by 10% and the cost of parts and components by 2.5-4.5% for parts based on current tariff levels; while a study by the PA Consulting Group calculates an average £2,372 rise in new car prices.
The price rise warnings come because a failure by the UK government to secure a tariff-free trade deal during Brexit negotiations would mean the adoption of World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules, which the SMMT called “the worst foreseeable outcome” for the UK automotive industry.
Not only would the imposition of trade tariffs hit the price of news vehicles and components, but they would also impact on the competitiveness of the UK motor industry.
The SMMT said the UK government and the European Union needed to reach a deal which “avoided tariffs, harmonised regulation and ensured the European and UK automotive industries remained the engine for growth, innovation and jobs”.
The SMMT continued: “We need a trade policy aligned to a strong industrial strategy that supports the specific needs of the sector for all the investment, reshoring and export opportunities. We need an outcome that maintains growth, innovation, consumer choice and the long-term future of the industry.”
The PA Consulting Group report – ‘Brexit: The Impact on the Automotive Supply Chain’ -countered that it would be up to manufacturers if they chose to pass all the additional tariff costs on to buyers.
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Home » Government Policies and Programmes » The Conditional Cash Transfer Debate and the Coalition against the Poor
The Conditional Cash Transfer Debate and the Coalition against the Poor
By Walden Bello
Conditional Cash Transfers or CCTs have become the subject of controversy recently, with a marathon debate on it breaking out over it during the budget deliberations at the House of Representatives. The CCT program was introduced in 2008, during the administration of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. During the recent budget hearings, however, Arroyo, now the representative of the Second District of Pampanga, opposed the expansion of the program planned by the new administration.
The idea behind CCT’s is that poor families are given a subsidy if they agree to certain conditions: keep their children in school, receive health care during and after pregnancy, and agree to have children immunized, subjected to periodic checkups, and monitored for growth. The aim is to “increase the productivity of the poor,” make children more competitive in the job market when they grow up, and thus “break the intergenerational cycle of poverty.”
CCTs in the Philippines
First launched in Mexico, Brazil, and Bangladesh over a decade ago, CCT programs had spread to about 23 developing countries by 2008. In Latin America alone, some 93 million people are said to be enrolled in CCT programs.
The program in the Philippines was initiated in 2008, during the food price crisis. A poor family was given a P500 monthly cash grant for health and nutrition needs, with another P300 per child for educational expenses. Stipends were limited to three children, coming to a maximum subsidy of P1400 for each family per month.
A total of 700,000 families were reached by the program over the last two years. Now the new administration of President Benigno Aquino III plans to expand the program to cover 1.3 million more families with the help of a recent $400 million loan from the Asian Development Bank, a commitment that comes on top of an earlier $405 million loan by the World Bank in November 2009. The ADB and the World Bank are among the biggest backers of CCTs, with the Bank claiming that its technocrats played the key role in conceptualizing them.
Do CCTs work?
What is the record of CCTs? According to a number of studies, they seem to be working in terms of containing poverty. In Mexico, one exhaustive study of the Progresa-Oportunidades Program claims that it reduced the share of the population living in poverty by 16 per cent. Over 5.2 million households are enrolled in the program, which has been funded by the government, with support also coming from the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.
In Brazil, the CCT Program, known as Bolsa Familia, is massive, with some 12 million families participating in it. The flagship program of the Lula government addressing the needs of the poor, it is said to have played a central role in lifting 20 million Brazilians from absolute poverty and pushing 31 million into the middle class. According to one report in the Guardian, “One of the biggest successes has been the enormous advances made to the school enrollment program. This is largely thanks to Bolsa Familia (“Family Fund”), which pays poor families if their children attend school. This fund has pushed children off the street and into the school room, while also providing the poorest with a well-needed form of income support.”
Even the radical MST, the Landless Movement, has supported Bolsa, though it realizes this might have dampening effects on their members’ willingness to undertake land occupations. According to one MST leader quoted in the report of a Church-linked research center, “…Given the extreme poverty in Brazil and the large numbers of people going hungry, these clientelist policies are necessary…Necessary but not sufficient.”
Supporters of CCTs emphasize that reduction of gender inequality is one of the principal benefits of CCTs. According to a World Bank press release, “Women and marginalized groups in particular see benefits from CCTs, often stretching beyond the household. In Mexico, women reported increased self-confidence, awareness and control over family resources. Programs in Chile, Panama and the Dominican Republic have helped indigenous groups and the extreme poor obtain identity documents, which not only make it possible for them to enroll in CCT programs, but also provide access to other social programs, voting rights, and legal protection.”
CCTs: the cons
What is my view of CCTs?
First of all, the ADB and the Bank’s approach to them is that they are the principal tool to reduce poverty. Now, while they may be a useful complement to structural reform, they are not a substitute for it, and the latter is the agenda of the multilateral agencies, which are loath to address structural issues.
Second, CCTs have a palliative intent, that is, they seek to contain the social damage that is being created by the neoliberal macroeconomic policies pushed by the Bank and the ADB. In this regard, I would say of CCTs what I wrote regarding microlending a few years ago: “Structural adjustment programs promoting trade liberalization, deregulation, and privatization have brought greater poverty and inequality to most parts of the developing world…Many of the same institutions that pushed and are continuing to push these failed macro programs, like the World Bank, are often the same institutions pushing microcredit programs. Viewed broadly, microcredit can be seen as a safety net for millions of people destabilized by the large-scale macro-failures engendered by structural adjustment.” CCTs have the same thrust as micro-lending: damage control at the microeconomic level.
Let us be clear therefore: CCTs are about poverty containment rather than poverty reduction.
CCTs : the pros
Does this then mean that there is no place for CCTs in the anti-poverty arsenal of a developing country like the Philippines? Here is where I part ways with some of the more doctrinaire critics of conditional cash transfers. I would deploy them here for three big reasons.
First, poverty is so pervasive and the combination of runaway corruption and neoliberal policies under the nine-year reign of the previous administration led to so much increase in poverty that any tool to contain its further spread must be utilized. I agree with the comment of the MST leader on the Bolsa Familia cited earlier: given the large and increasing numbers of people going hungry, CCTs have a critical role to play, though I would not go as far as saying they are “necessary.”
Second, under the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) covenant, the Philippines agreed to reduce its poverty rate by half, to 15 per cent of the population by 2015. This covenant may not be legally binding but it has now become morally binding. Thanks to Arroyo and neoliberal policies, we will probably not reach this target by 2015, but we are expected to at least show significant progress by the international community. CCTs can be useful in this enterprise.
Third, CCTs buy time for structural reforms to kick in. The key measures to reduce poverty are reversing trade liberalization, a moratorium on foreign debt payments, and effective agrarian reform. Progressives need some time to win the battle to win approval for these policies in the administration coalition, and after that, we need more time before the poverty-reduction impacts of these far-reaching reforms kick in. Thus I would see CCTs as a stopgap measure, to keep millions above the water line until reforms show results.
The Critics’ Arguments
The opponents of CCT in the Philippines have attacked it on a number of grounds: that CCTs are a “dole-out”; that the vast amounts of resources allocated to the program would open it up to corruption; and that the World Bank and ADB would subvert the program along neoliberal lines.
The dole-out argument is based on a deliberate misunderstanding of the way the program works, which is its use of conditionalities, like keeping children in school to provide them with much needed skills, in return for providing cash support for families.
The CCTs as inducement-for-corruption charge has some validity, but it can be addressed, not by throwing out the baby with the bathwater, which is what Arroyo wants, but by the institutionalization of tight controls, which can be done, as proven by the experience of Bolsa in Brazil and Progresa in Mexico. Under a corrupt regime like the Arroyo presidency, the vast sums of money involved would definitely create corruption. While the Aquino administration, which ran on an anti-corruption, anti-poverty agenda, cannot promise a 100 per cent elimination of corruption, it will definitely substantially reduce it, and it will certainly make sure corruption does not infect its flagship program.
As for the ADB and the World Bank having their own agenda with CCTs, this is to be expected. But one does not run away from the devil. One outsmarts and outmaneuvers it. And the main way to control and minimize the influence of the Bank and the ADB is by firmly limiting their role to providing monetary assistance and keeping their hands off the design of the program and its implementation.
One of the ways to ensure design and implementation along lines that would reduce the potential for irregularities and foreign interference would be to set up a Special Oversight Committee of the CCT in Congress. Reps. Bernadette Herrera, Kaka Bag-ao, and I proposed the formation of such a committee during the House budget deliberations. Over 100 House members signed the resolution, and the House leadership has agreed to set up the proposed committee.
CCTs and the Movement for Social Protection
But even more important, the design and implementation of the program must involve the active participation of civil society and the grassroots urban and rural communities. CCTs must be democratically implemented, not bureaucratically managed. This is the challenge that the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) must take up, and we must hold its feet to the fire to ensure its compliance.
Indeed, as shown in Brazil, CCT’s can be an important weapon in empowering the poor. The could be, not a barrier, but a step forward in the effort to create a base for a movement for “transformative social protection,” one that sees the right to be free of poverty as a basic social right, the fulfillment of which must be the basic goal of economic and social policy.
Where the Critics are Coming from
But where are the critics of CCTs really coming from?
My sense is that the opponents of CCT may be categorized into the following:
– those who oppose it for partisan political gains, such as Arroyo, who is now critical of a program begun under her administration out of sheer opportunism;
– traditional politicians, who are worried that the CCT program will destroy the ties of patronage politics that serve as their main form of control over the urban and rural poor;
– the extreme left, who are afraid that the reform coalition now in government could use the program to create a mass base that would become relatively impermeable to their ultra-left politics;
-the middle class, who are particularly susceptible to the charge that CCTs are a “dole-out.”
Not being able to come in touch with the poor except at arms’ length, the middle class in most developing countries often fail to appreciate how closed the channels of social mobility are to the vast majority of the population. The Philippine middle class is no different. They are unaware of the initial class advantages they possess that have allowed them to “make it” and often cannot see why the poor cannot also make it if they were able to make it. Only people who really do not understand the lives of the poor would make the criticism that the CCT would allegedly “make men lazy because they know their wives would have a monthly dole from government. “
Countering GMA’s coalition against the poor
The truth is that for poor households, there is never enough, and men and women work at multiple jobs to make ends meet. Middle class Filipinos ought to keep their subconscious class biases in check and absorb the fact that, to use Ernest Hemingway’s (and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s) oft quoted line about the rich, “the poor are different from you and me.” What is a wasteful handout for the middle class is a necessity for vast majority of our compatriots living in poverty.
Middle-class Filipinos cannot be complicit in perpetuating them in this awful condition owing to class insensitivity—the kind that is on display when the chattering classes deride CCTs unthinkingly as “dole-outs.”
They must not allow themselves to be unwittingly baited into the anti-poor coalition being constructed and led by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
(Published in Focus on the Philippines: November-December 2010: http://focusweb.org/oldphilippines/content/view/471/52/)
Categories Select Category About SWTP Focus on the Global South – Philippines Overview The SWTP Team Campaigns and Initiatives Campaign Statements and Information It’s More Fun in Aurora, Without APECO! Links and Network Dimensions of Poverty Government Policies and Programmes Poverty as Deprivation Poverty as Disempowerment Poverty as Disposession Poverty as Domination Poverty as Vulnerability The Poor Peoples’ Actions The Poor Peoples’ Economy Poverty in the Philippines Gender and Poverty Poverty Snapshots Type News Uncategorized
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The Bourdain Identity
by Kate Heyhoe
If you've just crawled out from under a rock, I can understand if you've never heard of Anthony Bourdain. You know, the "Hunter-S-Thompson-morphs-with-Spalding-Gray" of the food world. The bestselling author of Kitchen Confidential: Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly, a book which turned the restaurant community on its ear with Bourdain's rants, raves, plain truths, bald-faced lies and outrageous opinions. The book that screamed in black and white what so many professional chefs had murmured among themselves but never would admit to openly. Sex, drugs, rock 'n' roll. Not backstage at the Fillmore, but behind the scenes of famous and not so famous restaurants. All this, unleashed by the executive chef at the acclaimed Brasserie Les Halles in New York.
Even if you don't read books, as a foodie you must have seen the guy on television. His 22-part series called A Cook's Tour airs weekly on the Food Channel. And that brings me to the whole topic of A Cook's Tour: In Search of the Perfect Meal, which is a multi-media extravaganza; you can buy it in book form, watch it on TV as I said, and even listen to it on audio cassette or CD. More than six hours of vivid food tales, seasoned with attitude, read by the author himself.
Living in the country, where the nearest source of goat cheese is a full hour's drive away, I'm a big fan of books-on-tape as highway entertainment. Cookbooks, of course, leave much to be desired when it comes to audio entertainment. But Bourdain's books are decidedly not about recipes. They are entirely about food, cooking, eating, living, and social commentary. All set in a personal perspective and nothing namby-pamby. You don't need to be a dedicated foodie to be affected by Bourdain's words. I doubt anyone would likely walk away from a Bourdain experience without feeling impacted, fulfilled, or violated in some way.
I've excerpted below from Anthony Bourdain's book, A Cook's Tour, a chapter which is just one adventure in Bourdain's quest for the perfect meal. This tale takes place in Portugal, where an entire village has been fattening a pig for months in anticipation of the author's arrival. It's not a story for the squeamish.
By the way, film buffs take note: Bourdain's book Kitchen Confidential is being turned into a movie. Or rather, a film is in production loosely based on Kitchen Confidential, called "Seared" starring Brad Pitt as our chef hero who has a love affair with a New York food critic (not part of the book). "Seared," directed by David Fincher (Seven, Fight Club), also stars Benecio Del Torro, and is slated for a 2003 release.
Bourdain has been hired to be a technical consultant. Somehow I can't imagine pretty-boy Pitt chasing staff members around the kitchen grasping a ten-inch chef's knife, but I can easily visualize Bourdain chasing Pitt around, wielding kitchen weapons and flaming cigarettes, training the actor for realistic culinary battles. For Bourdain fans like me, the making of the movie may be actually more interesting than the film itself. Stay tuned.
Anthony Bourdain Excerpts
About A Cook's Tour
"Where Food Comes From"
from A Cook's Tour
"Food Is Good"
from Kitchen Confidential:
Adventures in the Culinary Underbelly
Kate's Global Kitchen for March 2003:
3/07/03 The Bourdain Identity
3/14/03 Leaping Leprechauns! More St. Paddy's Day Menus
3/21/03 The Progress of Food Processors
3/28/03 Linda Gassenheimer's Latest
Copyright © 2003, Kate Heyhoe. All rights reserved.
Current Kate's Global Kitchen
Kate's Global Kitchen Archive
This page created March 2003
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How High-Tech Tools Have Fast-Tracked Cancer Research
The new wave of ultra-fast technology has redefined oncology
A slow pace has no place in oncology, where every minute matters. From office visit to diagnosis to treatment, cancer patients deserve lightning-fast solutions enabled by rapid research — and faster, more advanced technologies have made it possible.
As a result, high-tech drug discovery, biopharmaceuticals, and cellular advances have opened the floodgates for more effective approaches to basic and translational research — leading to faster findings in cutting-edge fields like immunotherapy and stem cell research.
A call for faster research
Those therapies, along with others bettered by smarter machines, are what former Vice President Joe Biden called for as he spoke at the American Association for Cancer Research in 2016: “I need your help,” he told the crowd. “I need honest evaluations of the kind of changes that could be made1.”
His words not only embodied those of a public official — but of someone personally affected by cancer, following his son Beau’s death from glioblastoma in 20152. Such sentiments are echoed by anyone (patient, researcher, doctor, caregiver) who has seen cancer’s impact first-hand. Overwhelmingly, the consensus is this: We need to hurry up.
With technology, we can.
3 high-tech tools leading the way
New-generation tools equip physicians with faster and more comprehensive access to the latest research developments in oncology. And often, they do it in seconds — saving precious time and resources in a field that has few to spare. They include:
Advanced microscopy for cellular analysis.
Up until 25 years ago, researchers couldn’t keep cells alive long enough to study them, affected as they were under the heat of the microscope. But now, super-resolution microscopy like GE Healthcare’s DeltaVision OMX SR not only facilitates live-cell imaging, it does so in stunning, 3D images that help researchers see cell behavior in all three spatial directions: X, Y, and Z. That speed and precision enables faster insight within compressed research timelines and has yielded research published in Cell, Scientific Reports, and other peer-reviewed journals.
Start-to-finish production for cell therapy.
The boom of personalized medicine and adoptive cell transfer has brought with it a need for end-to-end workflow support that connects the different steps of cell therapy, from isolation to expansion to harvesting. To make commercialization a reality, automating that step-by-step process gives cell therapies like immunotherapy the best chance for clinical success. That’s why high-tech tools like GE Healthcare’s Xuri, Sefia and Asymptote systems are so vital — they reduce the risk of human error while expediting cellular research.
Automated protein purification.
By now, many investigators have cut their purification times in half by moving manual processes to automated chromatography systems like GE Healthcare’s ÄKTA line. Those kinds of faster, more powerful technologies have helped researchers like those at Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies expand their production capacity and reduce turnaround times for drug manufacturing.
From bench to bedside through stronger science
Indeed, faster, high-powered machines have completely revolutionized cancer research. But what does that mean for patient care and physicians on the frontlines? It means getting life-saving medicine faster than ever.
Put simply, these high-tech tools, from super-resolution microscopy to automated protein purification, accelerate research insights by making science stronger — and less prone to human error and contamination. Doing so could reduce the lag in cancer drug development, according to a 2017 paper in the Journal of Commercial Biotechnology3.
In that research, investigators noted that it takes an average of 10 years for cancer drugs to reach patients, even though patients don’t have that long to wait. So how can researchers shorten that window? Through tackling what causes the time lag: Enabling reproducible data, minimizing human error and reducing the risk of contamination.
As new tech shepherds forward more opportunities to automate manual processes, we’re excited to see just how lightning-fast cancer research can become.
Vice President Joe Biden Speaks at the AACR Annual Meeting 2016. American Association for Cancer Research. http://blog.aacr.org/vice-president-joe-biden-speaks-aacr-annual-meeting-2016/. Accessed March 28, 2018.
Beau Biden, Vice President Joe Biden’s Son, Dies at 46. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/31/us/politics/joseph-r-biden-iii-vice-presidents-son-beau-dies-at-46.html. Accessed March 28, 2018.
A Guide to Time Lag and Time Lag Shortening Strategies in Oncology-Based Drug Development. Journal of Commercial Biotechnology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5675122/#. Accessed March 28, 2018.
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ULAANBAATAR CITY TOURS Sukhbaatar SquareGEOTOURISM MONGOLIA2020-01-24T06:09:37+00:00
Ulaanbaatar City Tours – Sukhbaatar Square
Ulaanbaatar City Tours, Homestays & City Travel Information – Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar City’s Sukhbaatar Square, located right at the center of Ulaanbaatar City and is the main location of Mongolia’s national ceremonies and celebrations for the public. Ulaanbaatar’s main square was built for General Sukhbaatar after he passed in 1923 – the exact location where his returning troops celebrated victory after defeating the Chinese at Khiagt. Since then, Ulaanbaatar’s main square is now adorned with the General’s statue build in 1946 in time for the 25th anniversary of the national revolution. The four-meter-tall statue of the general sits atop an eight-meter high base, with fourteen lions holding thick chains together, surrounding it, symbolizing the sanctity of Mongolia. The statue was renewed with a bronze replacement in 2011 for the 90th anniversary of the national revolution. The statue also has a plaque with the General’s quote saying that it’s in our hearts to unite and reach places that man has never reached before.
SPECIALIZED ULAANBAATAR CITY TOURS & EXPERIENCES:
Ulaanbaatar City Tours – Legendary Art of Mongolian Archery
Ulaanbaatar City Tours – Mongolia’s Famed Horse-head Fiddle
Ulaanbaatar City Tours – Learn Mongolia’s Khoomei Throat Singing
Ulaanbaatar City Tours – Ancient Elite Art of Calligraphy
Ulaanbaatar City Tours – Asia’s Famed Brush Arts
Ulaanbaatar City Tours – Social Empowerment
Ulaanbaatar City Tours, Homestays and Sightseeing Attractions
Ulaanbaatar City is the capital of Mongolia. Geographically, Ulaanbaatar city sits on the banks of River Tuul and in a valley between four mountains. According to the 2016 consensus, Ulaanbaatar City has 9 districts spread over 470,000 acres of land and 1,440,447 people, with 67 percent being under the age of 35.
Ulaanbaatar City originated in 1639 as a ger palace gifted to Zanabazar, when he was proclaimed as the First Bogd Khan. Following the nomadic ways, the city moved throughout the country 28 times before it grew too big to move in 1855 and settled in its current location. In the early days of Ulaanbaatar City’s history, it served as the political and religious center for Mongolia.
By the 19th century, the once palace had turned into a proper city with religion, government, politics and trade with a population of twenty-thousand people. In 1924, the modern foundation of Ulaanbaatar City was divided into 13 districts, 4 of which were revamped into new districts in 1965, 5 were abolished and the youngest district was instated in 1992 when Ulaanbaatar City was declared the capital of Mongolia once again.
ULAANBAATAR CITY TOURS Sukhbaatar Square
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mariah carey christmas
543 Mariah Carey Premium Video Footage
Browse 543 mariah carey stock videos and clips available to use in your projects, or search for mariah carey christmas to find more stock footage and b-roll video clips.
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Man arrested after allegedly stabbing dog with hunting knife, breaking off its teeth with pliers
By Amy Lieu
SAN ANTONIO - A Texas man was arrested Friday on suspicion of stabbing his girlfriend’s dog with a 6-inch hunting knife and breaking off the animal’s teeth with pliers.
Vernon Ortiz, 40, of San Antonio, has been charged with animal cruelty to include torture, which is a third-degree felony. He allegedly attacked the dachshund mix named Cosmo after the pet urinated on his bed, officials said.
"As we did the investigation, we found the 40-year-old suspect, it appears, had assaulted the animal with a 6-inch hunting knife," said Shannon Sims, assistant director for San Antonio’s Animal Care Services, according to KENS-TV. "In addition to that, he had also used pliers to break off the canines of the animal to keep it from biting him."
Sims described Cosmo as a "docile animal," the station reported.
San Antonio police were called to a home on August 2 when they found the dog with facial wounds and problems with its teeth, Simms said. An ensuing investigation revealed that the dog had broken teeth.
During the investigation, Ortiz confessed to stabbing the dog, Fox 29 San Antonio reported.
Officials said the dog has been treated by veterinarians. He is now recovering and back with his owner, Ortiz’s girlfriend.
If convicted, Ortiz could face up to 10 years in jail and up to $10,000 in fines, according to Fox 29.
Sims said ACS files at least 100 cases of animal cruelty in the San Antonio area every year, KSAT-TV reported.
This story was reported from Los Angeles.
Marketing firm fires worker after he was photographed wearing company badge at pro-Trump US Capitol riot
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Pennsylvania Fire Code Gap Like Speed Limit Without Police
Pennsylvania fire code gap like ‘speed limit without police’
Fires and explosions have been the subject of a lot of headlines in recent days. Eyes in Pittsburgh have likely been focused on the deadly runaway oil train explosion and fire that leveled part of a Canadian town and killed at least 20 people. Then there’s the commercial plane crash and fire on the West Coast that left two people dead and more than 180 injured.
With those events fresh in readers’ minds, it might surprise some in Pittsburgh to learn that due to a gap in the language, the state law that is supposed to ensure the safety of commercial kitchens against causing fire-related injury or possibly death is, according to some, virtually useless.
One industry representative says the law is like having a speed limit and no cops to enforce it. What it means is that if a restaurant happens to be in violation of the pertinent law, it probably won’t be discovered until after a fire has already done its damage.
State officials say the crux of the issue is that, while the law requires commercial kitchens to have functioning fire suppression systems and to inspect them twice a year, the law doesn’t say who should conduct those inspections. Officials sign off on the systems after installation, but the onus for all future checks falls to the restaurant owners. There’s no check to be sure the inspections are being completed.
The lack of such oversight is believed to have contributed to a June 19 restaurant fire in the downtown area. Officials say grease in a fryer ignited and spread to the roof. The structure suffered $100,000 in damage. Fortunately, no one was injured. The owner is expected to face a fine for failing to have the suppression system inspected.
Meanwhile, the Pittsburgh Fire Department says it is working on a plan that will eventually see firefighters trained to conduct the required annual inspections and give them authority to cite operations that fail the checks.
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Running and managing a school
School buildings and land
School playing fields: Freedom of Information request
Details of figures released by the Department for Education on the sale of school playing fields.
Department for Education and The Rt Hon Nick Gibb MP
The Department for Education has responded to a Freedom of Information request on the disposal of school playing fields.
The department has received 22 applications since May 2010 for the disposal of school playing fields. Approval has been given for 21 applications and one is under consideration.
Of the 21 playing fields we approved for disposal 14 were schools that had closed, 4 were sites that became surplus when existing schools amalgamated. Of the other three:
One was surplus marginal grassland on the school site. Proceeds of the sale were invested in the school library development and sports changing facilities
One was leased to a company to redevelop and improve a playing field (for the school’s use) that was subject to poor drainage and under used. Funding introduced all-weather playing surfaces comprising of four 5-a-side pitches, two 7-a-side pitches, a full sized football and hockey pitch and a 6-court indoor tennis facility. The school also profited from private hire of facilities outside school hours
One was due to be leased to an athletics club to improve sporting provision for the club and the school, although in this case the project did not go ahead
We will only agree to the sale of school playing fields if the sports and curriculum needs of schools and their neighbouring schools can continue to be met. Sale proceeds must be used to improve sports or education facilities and any new sports facilities must be sustainable for at least 10 years.
The number of approvals in previous years is as follows:
Since May 2010: 21
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How Tech Helped Bergen County, N.J., Become First Jurisdiction to End Chronic Homelessness
The tech platform used is not only comprehensive, it’s also ideally suited for use in the field.
by Zack Quaintance / June 9, 2017
Flickr/Bill Benzon
One of the best examples of a government agency using tech to bolster its efforts to address homelessness can be found in Bergen County, N.J., where officials recently certified their jurisdiction as first in the nation to end chronic homelessness.
Chronic homelessness is a classification for individuals who have been homeless a year or more, as well as those who suffer from certain disabilities — and eliminating it was a landmark achievement for the county of nearly 1 million residents, located just across the Hudson River from New York City. This was not the first time, however, that Bergen County’s efforts to address homelessness were recognized on a large scale. In August, Bergen became the first jurisdiction in the state to eliminate homelessness among veterans.
Prior to that, Bergen County was recognized nationally in 2010 for a tech-based measure it implemented to collect data. Back then, the county began using biometric devices — fingerprint scanners, essentially — to collect information daily about who comes in for things like computer use, meals, showers, laundry and the phone. These devices have been helpful tracking efforts to help both the homeless and those at risk for becoming homeless, said Mary Sunden, executive director of Christ Church Development Corp., a nonprofit contracted by the county government to provide sheltering operations and outreach.
Data collected by biometrics is then compiled into a national Homelessness Management Information System platform required by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Bergen County, however, has taken that system further and built a platform that allows them to add additional info as they see fit, creating a more robust picture of the population they serve.
“When there’s a housing opportunity, we always know who is the most vulnerable person who already has everything they need in order to be housed,” Sunden said, “and that’s the person who goes into the next available opportunity.”
The tech platform Bergen County uses is not only comprehensive, it’s also ideally suited for use in the field. Sunden can use her smartphone to access it, or she can print a paper version if need be. She said the combination of biometrics with this platform has made a huge difference in the county’s efforts.
Sunden is able to design daily, weekly and monthly reports with the data collected, and she’s able to discuss them with her team, as well as people who stay in shelters, with whom they go over obtainable actions to make progress in a housing plan.
Since stamping out chronic homelessness, Bergen County efforts have shifted to address individuals just below that status. Sunden said she’s not sure exactly what the data will reveal, but that’s not a bad thing.
“I almost never like to ask myself what it is that I want to find out, because having an expectation of a result colors the data when you’re looking at it,” Sunden said. “So, I don’t do that. I ask myself very general questions, like how many people are there, simple things, how old are they, where did they come from, how did they get here, and what do they need. Then try to let a picture come from the very granular level information.”
View other cities using technology to tackle homelessness
Zack Quaintance Assistant News Editor
Zack Quaintance is the assistant news editor for Government Technology. His background includes writing for daily newspapers across the country and developing content for a software company in Austin, Texas. He is now based in Washington, D.C. He can be reached via email.
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Fundy Funeral Home
Plant a Tree for Eric
Eric Bryan Berry
October 25, 1932 ~ May 8, 2020 (age 87)
It is with great sadness the family of Eric Bryan Berry would like to announce his passing which occurred on May 8, 2020 at the Saint John Regional Hospital. Born in Lachute, PQ, on October 25, 1932 he was the son of the late James and Evelyn (Priestley) Berry.
Eric was the owner of Dairy Queen's (South New Brunswick) before his retirement. He was very community minded and was involved with the Simonds Lions Club holding the position of Past-President.
He is survived by his wife Virginia (Stewart) Berry, son Scott (Holly), daughters; Janet MacInnis and Stephanie Lyttle, his brothers; Garth (Simone) and Clifton (Francoise), his sister Elaine Fuller (Don), grandchildren; Jaime and Jocelyn, great-grandchildren; Laine and Sydney along with his nieces, nephews and cousins.
He was predeceased by his first wife Helen (Guioldy) Berry and his brother Arnold (Frances).
Arrangements are under the direction of Fundy Funeral Home, 230 Westmorland Road (646-2424). Due to the current health crisis a memorial service will be held in Saint John followed by interment at the Lachute Protestant Cemetery at a later date. Remembrances made to a charity of the donor's choice would be appreciated.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Eric Bryan Berry, please visit our floral store.
You can still show your support by sending flowers directly to the family, or by planting a memorial tree in the memory of Eric Bryan Berry
© 2021 Fundy Funeral Home. All Rights Reserved. Funeral Home website by CFS & TA | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy
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December 20, 2019 Livio Andrea Acerbo
*Watchmen*’s Stars Also Wonder About Season 2
Good day, and welcome to another installment of The Monitor, WIRED’s entertainment news roundup. What’s happening this week? Star Wars, mostly. But also some news about Watchmen—and, interestingly, about a new team-up between Leslie Jones, David Benioff, and D.B. Weiss.
Regina King Would Do a Second Season of Watchmen
After seeing the amazing cliffhanger on last Sunday’s season finale of Watchmen, it’s hard to imagine HBO wouldn’t want to make a second season. But that doesn’t mean there is one in the works. According to Regina King, who plays Angela Abar/Sister Night, show creator Damon Lindelof doesn’t even know what it would look like yet. “I know that Damon doesn’t even kinda have an idea of an entry point and an ending for a second season,” King told Vulture. “And I know he wouldn’t come onboard for a second season unless he did. I don’t want there to be a second season if it’s not going to at least be comparable to this first season, which is going to be really hard to do.” Regardless, she says she’s onboard if they make one.
China Censors Allow Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker’s Same-Sex Kiss
We won’t spoil it fully here, but there is a same-sex kiss in Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker, and, per Variety, it’s made it past censors in China. The film, which opens in North America today and is expected to make between $175 million and $200 million at the box office, started previews yesterday in China and so far audiences have reportedly been surprised but largely undaunted by the gay moment. The scene, however, has reportedly been cut from the version of the movie that is showing in Dubai, according to people who have seen the film there.
Leslie Jones’ Netflix Special Is Directed By David Benioff and D. B. Weiss
Saturday Night Live alum Leslie Jones has a new Netflix standup special coming January 14. It’s titled Leslie Jones: Time Machine, and it’s directed by Game of Thrones creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Hey, if they don’t have a future directing Star Wars movies, this is a pretty cool alternative. Watch the new trailer below.
social experiment by Livio Acerbo #greengroundit #wired https://www.wired.com/story/watchmen-season-2-regina-king
Culture / Movies
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< All News
VANGUARD AND HARBOURVEST ANNOUNCE PRIVATE EQUITY PARTNERSHIP
VALLEY FORGE, PA and BOSTON, MA (February 5, 2020)—Vanguard and HarbourVest today announced a strategic partnership to provide qualified investors with access to private equity and the potential to earn higher returns and achieve increased diversification.
“We are entering the private equity market the Vanguard way—partnering with a world-class advisor to provide a high-quality offer,” said Vanguard CEO Tim Buckley. “Private equity will complement our leading index and actively-managed funds, as we seek to broaden access to this asset class and improve client outcomes. While this strategy will be initially available to institutional advised clients, we aim to expand access to investors in additional channels over time. For individual investors in particular, this partnership will present an incredible opportunity—access and terms they could not get on their own.”
Initially available to pensions, endowments, and foundations
The new private equity strategy will initially be provided by Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services to pensions, endowments, and foundations, as part of an ongoing effort to further expand the suite of products for these clients. In keeping with its enterprise-wide focus on advice, Vanguard has invested considerably in its advisory services for a broad range of investors, including outsourced chief investment officer (OCIO) capabilities.
“Many institutional clients seek alpha sources not readily available in the public markets,” said Chris Philips, Head of Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services. “While these organizations may want exposure to the opportunities available in the private markets, it can be challenging to access leading private equity managers and invest with discipline and skill. Through this partnership, Vanguard’s portfolio construction and investment committee governance capabilities will be complemented with HarbourVest’s private market expertise, to the ultimate benefit of our clients.”
Private equity and the capital markets
The capital markets have evolved significantly over the past decade and Vanguard sees an opportunity in private equity for investors who can take on the long-term commitment required of these investments.
“Vanguard is a world class asset manager with a commitment to providing their clients with access to private equity,” said John Toomey, Managing Director, HarbourVest Partners. ”This partnership is a natural extension of our business and combines our private markets expertise with a firm focused on improving client outcomes. We look forward to expanding access to private equity to help strengthen returns for qualified investors.”
Identifying and accessing strong general partners (GPs) is critical to investing in private markets, as there is a wide disparity in manager performance and leading GPs are typically oversubscribed or closed to new investors. HarbourVest’s deep, longstanding relationships with GPs, along with its industry expertise, have historically enabled the firm to secure access to these investment opportunities.
“Our longstanding commitment to putting our clients at the center of everything we do aligns with Vanguard’s investor-centric philosophy and approach to their business,” said Pete Wilson, Managing Director, HarbourVest Partners. “Both firms focus on relationships, quantitative analysis, and deep market expertise, which are critical to investing in public and private markets.”
“For nearly 45 years, Vanguard has improved client outcomes by securing top-tier talent—both internal and external—and taking a long-term, disciplined approach to investing,” said Fran Kinniry, Head of Private Investments at Vanguard. “It takes time, scale, and expertise to construct a broadly diversified, global private equity portfolio. This partnership with HarbourVest provides qualified clients with access to one of the industry’s leading private equity managers and diversification across strategy, geography, and company stage.”
About Vanguard
Vanguard is one of the world’s largest investment management companies. As of December 31, 2019, Vanguard managed $6.2 trillion in global assets. The firm, headquartered in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, offers 424 funds to its more than 30 million investors worldwide. For more information, visit vanguard.com.
About Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services
Vanguard’s Institutional Advisory Services (VIAS) is one the world’s largest outsourced chief investment officer (OCIO) providers. As of December 31, 2019, VIAS manages over $50 billion dollars across nonprofit organizations, pension sponsors and other institutional investors.
About HarbourVest
HarbourVest is an independent, global private markets investment specialist with over 35 years of experience and more than $68 billion in assets under management, as of December 31, 2019. The firm’s powerful global platform offers clients investment opportunities through primary fund investments, secondary investments, and direct co-investments in commingled funds or separately managed accounts. HarbourVest has more than 600 employees, including more than 125 investment professionals across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. This global team has committed more than $40 billion to newly-formed funds, completed over $24 billion in secondary purchases, and invested over $17 billion directly in operating companies. Partnering with HarbourVest, clients have access to customized solutions, longstanding relationships, and actionable insights.
Asset figures as of December 31, 2019 unless otherwise noted.
This communication does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any specific investment product sponsored by, or investment services provided by Vanguard Advisers Inc. or its affiliates, or HarbourVest Partners L.P. or its affiliates. Any such offer may be made only to qualified investors by means of delivery of a confidential Private Placement Memorandum or similar materials that contain a description of the material terms of such investment. No sale will be made in any jurisdiction in which the offer, solicitation, or sale is not authorized or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make the offer, solicitation or sale. Private investments involve a high degree of risk and therefore, should be undertaken only by prospective investors capable of evaluating and bearing the risks such an investment represents. Advice services offered through Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services are provided by Vanguard Advisers, Inc., a registered investment advisor.
For additional legal and regulatory information please refer to www.harbourvest.com/important-legal-disclosures.
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Danes Redefine Fibromyalgia and ME/CFS as a Mental Disorder
by Karen Lee Richards Patient Advocate
It looks like it's time for me to climb back up on my soapbox. I recently learned about a story that has left me shocked and outraged.
(Note: As the story progresses, you will see how eerily and horribly prophetic their use of the word "capture" turned out to be.)
Some of the reclassified illnesses included:
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
Chronic Acute Whiplash Associated Disorders
While papers like this are disturbing, with all of the evidence showing biological abnormalities in most of these diseases, I wouldn't have expected this one little paper to carry much weight. Boy, was I wrong Apparently official Danish agencies accepted "bodily distress syndrome" as a legitimate diagnosis and used it as grounds for the shocking action they would soon take.
Danish Officials Literally Capture ME/CFS Patient
At this point the story jumps forward to February 12, 2013. On that day, Danish officials - including five police officers, two doctors, two social workers and a locksmith - came to the home of Karina Hansen, a 24-year-old Danish woman diagnosed with M.E. (myalgic encephalomyelitis), forcibly removed her from her bed and took her to Hammel Neurocenter. To add insult to injury, Karina's parents have been prohibited from visiting her.
Karina's "crime"? She and her parents chose not to accept the type of treatment the Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics offered, opting instead to pay for a private physician and dietician to treat Karina because they all felt strongly that the treatment being offered - cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), graded exercise therapy (GET) and possibly antidepressants - would be detrimental to her.
According to an August 28, 2013 update, Hammel Neurocenter is claiming Karina has a psychiatric condition and refusing to acknowledge that she has M.E. Her parents continue to be banned from visiting her.
For more information about this story and suggestions of what you can do to help, see "A CALL TO ACTION! RELEASE KARINA HANSEN!"
It's unthinkable - and more than a little frightening - that such a thing could happen in what I had thought was a country that honored personal freedom and human rights.
Admittedly, before this story, I knew little about Denmark's government or health care system. A bit of research revealed that their government is a constitutional monarchy that operates within the framework of a parliamentary, representative democracy. In addition to a universal health care system which covers all Danish citizens and residents, they have an optional private health care sector where users can choose to pay for treatments.
If Danish citizens have the right to choose the optional private health care, how does the government justify their actions against Karina? There has to be something behind this. Is there a political vendetta against her parents for some reason? Is the Danish government using Karina to scare other patients who have these difficult-to-manage illnesses away from seeking costly medical care?
I'm deeply concerned for Karina's well-being. I'm also concerned for all of us who have one or more of these so-called "functional" illnesses. Denmark is setting a very bad precedent. If their actions are allowed to stand, how long will it be until other countries follow suit? After all, it's a lot cheaper to diagnose patients as having a mental disorder and treat them with CBT and GET than it is to run tests and treat their actual physical ailments.
Am I over-reacting? I don't think so. Around the time Karina was being dragged off to a psychiatric facility, I told you about the new DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnostic category - Somatic Symptom Disorder - which could be used in much the same way as bodily distress syndrome is being used in Denmark. A scary prospect for all of us.
See Our Sources
Fink P and Schröder A. "One single diagnosis, bodily distress syndrome, succeeded to capture 10 diagnostic categories of functional somatic syndromes and somatoform disorders." Journal of Psychosomatic Research, May 2010.
Latham, Holly. "A call to action! Release Karina Hansen!" ProHealth, July 15, 2013.
Karen Lee Richards
Karen is the co-founder of the National Fibromyalgia Association. She writes for HealthCentral as a patient expert for Pain Management.
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Brian “Head” Welch Joins Korn For New Album
I know I’m kind of in the minority of metal blogs when I say this, but Korn are an alright band. I’m a bit biased since they were my gateway into heavier music, and the nostalgia factor is there, so keep that in mind before you chew my head off over this. Korn III is actually the only album of theirs that I actively disliked, and I even enjoyed most of their 2011 dubstep-themed record The Path of Totality. I have a high tolerance when it comes to Korn, and I can’t help it. They were once my favorite band, but now that I’ve moved on, I have a bit of a casual interest in the group.
This interest has been piqued a bit since their live reunion with original guitarist Brian “Head” Welch who left the band to kick drugs and pursue Christianity. Now that everyone has had time to heal and grow since the split — including an alleged sobriety across the group — both parties were ready to start again. Apparently the reunion went quite well, because Head has joined Korn’s lineup on a more permanent basis, even being actively involved in writing the group’s upcoming album — their first album together in a decade.
Rolling Stone is hosting a video featuring studio footage and a fairly interesting instrumental. Here’s an excerpt from the accompanying article:
Welch last played with Korn on their 2003 album Take a Look in the Mirror, but the guitarist felt an instant reconnection with his bandmates. “We knew we would have a blast playing together, because we love each other so much, but we really wanted to make sure the music felt right before we committed to making a whole album together,” Welch tells Rolling Stone. “But since we got in the studio, everything just started pouring out, now I can’t wait until our fans hear this stuff!”
I’ve gotta say, as a former fanboy, this is exciting news. While I love Korn’s post-Head industrial/experimental leanings, Head’s solo material actually had quite a bit going for it in terms of that familiar riffing and instrumentation despite the songs being generic and straightforward overall. Hopefully the upcoming album will match Head’s definitive guitar work with Korn’s willingness to experiment to create a brilliant comeback record. This is probably the first new Korn record I’ve actively been EXCITED for since Untitled. We’ll see where this goes when the album drops late this summer.
Brian "Head" WelchKorn
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Beach Holiday Destination
Pictures of: Olhos de Água - Algarve
Olhos de Água was a Portuguese parish in the municipality of Albufeira, with a surface area of 14.35 km².
It was abolished in 2013, under a national administrative reform, and was added to the parish of Albufeira, to form a new parish called Albufeira and Olhos de Agua with headquarters in Albufeira.
Small village of fishing origins, the formation of its name originated in the existence of several fresh water springs on the beach, on the seashore and in the sea.
Along with these fresh water springs, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, and the Romans, who practiced fishing and developed the salting and drying of the fish, were spread all over the Algarve coast. Recently in archaeological works, traces of salting tanks of the Roman period were found, in the neighboring beaches Maria Luísa and Santa Eulália.
Since the 1960's, tourism has been the fastest growing tourist in Olhos d'Água, increasing the number of hotels, shops, restaurants, bars, apartments, hotels.
The parish has become a popular tourist spot, mainly due to its magnificent beaches and fresh water springs. Along with these fresh water springs, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, and the Romans, who practiced fishing and developed the salting and drying of the fish, were spread all over the Algarve coast.
Recently in archaeological works, traces of salting tanks of the Roman period were found, in the neighboring beaches Maria Luísa and Santa Eulália. The parish of Olhos de Agua owes its toponym to these springs, that sprout in the sea and in its sands. Of the patrimonial assets of the parish, we can highlight: the watchtower of the Medronheira tower, very important, in the past, for the defense of the region; and the Water Deposit and Public Laundry.
As already mentioned, the town of Olhos de Água has tourism as its main source of income, however, fishing still remains an important economic activity for local inhabitants, as well as forestry and wine production.
The Algarve, due to its privileged geographical location, with a large coastal area, fauna and cultural heritage, offers you excellent opportunities to expand your gastronomic experience, experiencing some of the best flavors of the Algarve.
Perceve is one of the most appreciated delicacies in the Algarve.
Here is an opportunity to experience the unique and very tasty craca that we enjoy both at the annual festival.
The small picturesque town hosts the festival with many barnacles, drinks and good music.
The excellence of the famous grilled chicken and music, brings thousands of enthusiasts every year.
The climate is Rainy Tropical type with dry summer. The rainy season begins in the fall / winter beginning in December / January. The average annual precipitation is 1,128.6mm.
Plitvička Jezera, Croatia
Rome Italy
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Ascott Marunouchi Tokyo eyes 2017 opening
The Ascott brought its Ascott The Residence brand to Tokyo through a master lease agreement with Mitsubishi Estate Company, one of Japan’s largest real estate developers.
The 129-unit Ascott Marunouchi Tokyo is slated to open in 2017, ahead of the 2020 Olympics to be held in the city. Ascott currently operates approximately 360 serviced apartment units in Citadines Shinjuku and Somerset Azabu East in Tokyo, and Citadines Karasuma-Gojo in Kyoto. In addition to serviced residences, Ascott has 40 properties with more than 2,800 apartment units for corporate lease across ten major cities including Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya and Fukuoka.
Located in the Marunouchi-Otemachi area, Ascott Marunouchi Tokyo will be part of MEC’s mixed-use development comprising offices and retail outlets. The serviced residence has a prime address in Tokyo’s central business district where multinational companies and the headquarters of major Japanese banks are based.
Besides being near commercial buildings, Ascott Marunouchi Tokyo is close to tourist attractions like Ginza, which is the city’s shopping, dining and entertainment district. The serviced residence is located near the Imperial Palace, with apartments offering views of the Kokyo Gaien National Garden. Guests will also enjoy convenient access to other parts of Tokyo and Japan since Ascott Marunouchi Tokyo is linked to the Otemachi subway station and is a 10-minute walk to the main Tokyo train station.
Ascott Marunouchi Tokyo will provide apartments ranging from studios to three-bedroom units with separate working and sleeping areas. For a local touch, guests can choose apartments that come with tatami mattresses. Facilities at the serviced residence include a swimming pool, roof-top terrace, gymnasium, reading lounge, business center and meeting rooms.
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Watchmen Pilots Guide Premieres Renewal Scorecard TV's Top 5 Series Regular Grey's TWD
April 09, 2019 6:45am PT by Josh Wigler
'Game of Thrones' Final Path: The Journey of the Night King
The Hollywood Reporter takes an ice long look at the White Walker leader and his Army of the Dead.
Welcome to Final Path, a regular feature leading up to the final season of HBO's Game of Thrones. In every Final Path, The Hollywood Reporter's resident Westeros expert, Josh Wigler, will offer a character-by-character deep dive of their journey through seven seasons, as well as what can be expected in the upcoming eighth and final season. Up next: the Night King.
Drogon, Rhaegal and Viserion put the fire in George R.R. Martin's song. Guess where the ice comes from?
The Night King was a relatively late arrival in Game of Thrones, first appearing in season four, but his minions have been a part of the show's fabric from the very first scene. The White Walkers made their threat known in the series premiere, "Winter is Coming," toying with men who were foolish enough to stalk their territory beyond the Wall. Since then, the Army of the Dead has only grown bolder, thanks in no small part to the Night King's ice-cold leadership.
For sixty-seven episodes and counting, the Night King's goals have been largely enigmatic, aside from the obvious: he wants to destroy every living creature in his path. But what's driving him beyond those desires? If we're ever going to find out, the time is now, with only six episodes remaining before the story closes once and for all. As Final Path starts winding down, it's time now to survey the road ahead for the deadliest entity in Westeros.
Names and Titles: The Night King, bringer of death, lord of the White Walkers and high general of the Army of the Dead, he who raises his arms incredulously at puny mortals in moments of brutal victory, Darth Maul on ice. May not all be actual titles.
First Appearance: "Oathkeeper," season four's fourth episode. The Night King's first scene was a huge shock to the system for both the book-reading and show-only crowds, as George R.R. Martin has yet to reveal anything remotely resembling the final moments of this episode, in which a White Walker brings a baby to the Night King's palace far north beyond the Wall.
Last Appearance: "The Dragon and the Wolf," the season seven finale. The Night King rides his new chariot, the undead Viserion, and decimates a large swath of the Wall with a huge burst of frozen fire. He and his army proceed to march through the gigantic hole, setting foot in Westeros proper for the first time in the series.
Best Friends: The Night King? Friends? Come on. One imagines he has some kinship with his fellow White Walkers, but calling them friends feels like a stretch. Within the White Walker ranks, there are several other soldiers with similar threat levels, if not quite yet proven to be as deadly as the main man himself.
Worst Enemies: Besides the entire human race? The Night King doesn't seem particularly fond of Jon Snow in particular, nor does he have much room in his heart for Bran Stark. Indeed, the Night King was adamantly opposed to the Three-Eyed Raven (Max Von Sydow) as well as the Children of the Forest, all of whom he slaughtered back in season six's "The Door."
Best Kill: Viserion, and it's not close. The Night King's warpath is responsible for huge amounts of death, but his best individual kill on the record is the ice lance he launched through the air, right into the heart of a high-flying dragon. Maximum scores for accuracy, efficiency and style.
Worst Wound: None so far! Through the season seven finale, the Night King has not sustained a single loss, aside from losing a couple of White Walkers at the hands of Jon Snow and his Valyrian sword Longclaw. One imagines the final, fatal wound is just a few episodes away.
Critical Moments: Every scene with the Night King has served a deliberate purpose. First: the reveal in "Oathkeeper," the first time we learned of the villain's existence. Next: season five's "Hardhome," when the Night King launched his assault on a colony of wildlings, making the full force of his powers known; season six's "The Door," which revealed the Night King's origins as a man-made White Walker thanks to the Children of the Forest; season seven's "Beyond the Wall," in which he ice-lanced Viserion; and finally, season seven's "The Dragon and the Wolf," in which he and Viserion broke open the Wall and waltzed on into Westeros. The rest is history in the making.
Unresolved Mystery: Who was the Night King, before he was the Night King? What makes him tick? Is he just on autopilot with his desires to massacre mankind, or is there more beneath the surface — and if there's more, will we ever find out?
Final Predictions: George R.R. Martin has not finished telling the original tale which Game of Thrones is based on. He has not revealed the White Walkers' purpose. He hasn't even introduced the Night King yet, at least not as anything other than a piece of ancient folklore; certainly not as the series' primary antagonist. It is incredibly possible, likely even, that the Night King from the books and the Night King of the TV series will have very little do with one another, if anything at all.
The good news about all of that? It means total victory for the Night King is off the table, unless creators David Benioff and Dan Weiss are aiming for a conclusion that's completely off-course from Martin's unpublished plan. Deviations here and there are expected, but a full pivot? Unlikely.
Here's the bad news: Martin promised the final notes of his story will be "bittersweet," and those are notes the Night King can contribute to in spades. He and the Army of the Dead have arrived in the Seven Kingdoms. Their warpath is undeniable. One or more main characters are destined to die at the hands of the White Walkers, and the smart bet is certainly on the side of "more." Jorah Mormont (Iain Glen), Brienne of Tarth (Gwendoline Christie), Beric Dondarrion (Richard Dormer) — these are just a few of the main characters who could see their watches end thanks to the Night King's forces.
Eventually, something will stop the Night King's rampage. Game of Thrones has already provided a few clues on that front. In "Beyond the Wall," Beric points at the Night King, suggesting the way to defeat the White Walkers is to defeat the one most responsible for raising the dead. It allows for a scenario where Jon Snow can battle the Night King to the death in a one-on-one battle, Longclaw in hand, shattering the White Walker leader into oblivion. It's also easy to imagine Bran Stark warg-ing into Viserion, wresting control over the Night King's steed, causing the Night King's final fall against Jon Snow, or anyone else armed with a Valyrian or dragonglass weapon.
The defeat of the Night King feels certain, as does the wrath and heartbreak he will inflict on his way out the door. Less certain: learning anything more about him. We know he was once a man, Cobra Commander style, before the Children of the Forest turned him into the first White Walker. Who was he? It's an easy prediction, but we're going with it: the Night King was once a Stark, and part of his plan is to start a new White Walker dynasty using Winterfell as the seat of his power. But will we get that level of detail with only 432 minutes remaining? It's possible, especially if Bran uses his visionary abilities to peer back into the monster's past. More likely — and hopefully! — the Night King's story will continue beyond Game of Thrones, with his origin at least partly explored in the upcoming successor series.
Last Hope: For the Night King and Bran to be two separate entities. Seriously, it's time to let go of the theory that the Night King and Bran are the same person. That's a little too much time travel in our fantasy drama, thank you very much.
Catch up on the Final Path series:
1. Jon Snow
2. Daenerys Targaryen
3. Tyrion Lannister
4. Cersei Lannister
5. Jaime Lannister
6. Sansa Stark
7. Arya Stark
8. Bran Stark
9. Samwell Tarly
10. Theon Greyjoy
11. The Hound
12. Brienne of Tarth
13. Varys
14. Melisandre
15. Davos Seaworth
16. Jorah Mormont
17. Bronn
18. Tormund Giantsbane
19. Beric Dondarrion
20. The Dragons
Follow THR.com/GameOfThrones for continuing coverage. Game of Thrones returns April 14, 2019.
Josh Wigler
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ICAEW gives evidence to parliament on future of tax system
22 September 2020: Key recommendations to the Treasury Select Committee included moving the tax year end, focusing on the distinction between employed and self-employed, and improving day-to-day interactions with the tax administration system.
On Tuesday 15 September, Anita Monteith, Technical Lead & Senior Policy Adviser at ICAEW’s Tax Faculty, represented ICAEW in front of the Treasury Select Committee. Appearing alongside representatives from Institute of Chartered Accountants Scotland and Chartered Institute of Taxation, Anita gave evidence on opportunities to reform the current tax system following the impact of the coronavirus pandemic.
One of the key messages given to MPs on the committee was to look at how the recent proposal for a modern, digitalised tax system could be the trigger to move the tax year end from 5 April to a calendar year end. This would allow for easier alignment of quarterly reports for income tax and VAT in 2023, while also making the UK more compatible internationally as many countries favour a tax year end of 31 December.
On the taxation of work, Anita suggested that the current rules worked well for small unincorporated businesses, such as corner shops, but not so well for self- employed workers whose activities could look very much like those of employees. Any further review of the taxation of work should focus on the employed/self- employed distinction without also seeking to change the system for small businesses.
Anita also recommended that policymakers focus on improving those parts of tax administration which members of the public need to interact with on a day-to-day basis so they are more manageable. When questioned on tax reliefs, she suggested that the government needed to be better at evaluating the costs and benefits of tax reliefs it introduces, and be more willing to go back and look at whether the reliefs are achieving their aimed policy objectives.
Other witnesses highlighted the importance of the government bringing members of the tax profession into the policy making process at an earlier stage, rather than just when consulting on technical implementation. This would help identify and address problems at the outset. They also felt it would be helpful if the government was more willing to have a public debate on potential tax reforms, as this would lay the groundwork for change ahead of bringing forward announcements in the Budget.
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Cellular Apple Watch saved this guy’s life
Andrew O'Hara on November 14, 2017
The Series 3 Apple Watch hasn’t been out for long but it is already potentially saving people’s lives. The latest is a kitesurfer who crashed and became stranded a mile off the coast of Ventura, California. If that wasn’t enough, it also happened to be great white shark infested waters. Luckily, the Apple Watch’s cellular connectivity allowed him to call for help.
The Daily Mail has the exclusive article on how 49 year old filmmaker John Zilles lost his hydrofoil after a huge wipeout. He then realized how far offshore he was, and that he was in a particular area where a great white shark nursery was recently discovered.
“I had a huge wipeout, and my hydrofoil skated away from me.” he said in a statement to the Daily Mail.
He had initially forgotten about the Apple Watch’s cellular capabilities, only remembering when he glanced down at the time. He then called his kids to let them know he would be late, as well as to get the number for the coastguard.
He called the coastguard and gave them his rough location, and was able to help guide them towards him.
We expect to hear more stories like this as time goes on and more people get their hands on Apple’s latest wearable.
Cellular Apple Watch
Video: Top 16 new features of Apple Watch Series 3
With one hour of LTE talk time, the true cost of cellular Apple Watch is battery
The time is now for a ‘style over substance’ year for Apple Watch
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Regional cinema
Rajinikanth's 2.0 adds Rs 100 crore to its hefty budget
The pending CGI work on Rajinikanth's 2.0 needs a huge amount for completion. The film is expected to release by next year.
India Today Web Desk
Rajinikanth as Chitti
2.0, already touted to be the costliest film of India, is now getting costlier. The film, which doesn't seem to be able to move ahead of its post-production phase, now requires more money for the pending CGI work.
It is said that the makers have already churned out about Rs 400 crore for the film, and the pending work might add up to another Rs 100 crore, taking the already-hefty budget of 2.0 to a whopping Rs 500 crore.
Going by all the reports, it looks like 2.0 will be an enormously CGI-heavy film.
The film, which was supposed to release before Kaala (June 7, 2018), might not hit the screens this year and rumours suggest that it might see the light of day only in 2019.
The film has Bollywood superstar Akshay Kumar playing the antagonist and Amy Jackson as the female lead.
AR Rahman has composed the music for the film, which is bankrolled by Lyca Productions.
Meanwhile, Rajinikanth is already busy shooting for his upcoming film with Karthik Subbaraj.
ALSO READ: Rajinikanth's 2.0 beats SS Rajamouli's Baahubali 2, to release across 7000 screens in India
ALSO WATCH | Kaala: Pa Ranjith outshines Rajinikanth in this gangster film
Posted byP Kirubhakar
Follow 2.0
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Day of Deceit - Abridged (Digital Audiobook)
The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor
By Robert Stinnett, Rafael Ferrer (Narrator)
This great question of Pearl Harbor -- what did we know and when did we know it? -- has been argued for years. But no investigator has ever been able to prove that foreknowledge of the attack existed at the highest levels.
Until now. After decades of Freedom of Information Act requests, Robert B. Stinnett has gathered the long-hidden evidence that shatters every shibboleth of Pearl Harbor. Not only was the attack expected, it was deliberately provoked through an eight-step program devised by the Navy. Whereas previous investigators have claimed that our government did not crack Japan's military codes before December 7, 1941. Stinnett offers cable after cable of decryptions. He proves that a Japanese spy on the island transmitted information -- including a map of bombing targets -- beginning on August 21, and that we knew all about it.
The evidence is overwhelming. At the highest levels -- on FDR's desk -- America had ample warning of the pending attack. At those same levels, it was understood that the isolationist American public would not support a declaration of war unless we were attacked first. The result was a plan to anger Japan, to keep the loyal officers responsible for Pearl Harbor in the dark, and thus to drag America into the greatest war of her existence.
Day of Deceit is the definitive final chapter on America's greatest secret and our worst military disaster.
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Home » ArcelorMittal to Build EAF Facility, Create Jobs in Alabama
ArcelorMittal to Build EAF Facility, Create Jobs in Alabama
ArcelorMittal announced its intention to build an electric-arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking facility at AM/NS Calvert in Alabama. Once completed, the planned facility will be capable of producing 1.5 million tons of steel slabs annually for the hot-strip mill. It will also produce a broad spectrum of steel grades required for Calvert’s end-user markets. Construction is expected to take 24 months, and the new facility is anticipated to create 300 new jobs.
AM/NS Calvert, an advanced steel finishing facility, was originally built by Thyssenkrupp for $4 billion and was acquired by ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel Corp. as a 50:50 joint venture in 2014. The joint venture has already invested more than $200 million in strategic projects in Calvert since its acquisition. These existing capabilities in combination with the new EAF will position the facility well for meeting automotive and energy market demand.
According to ArcelorMittal, a new EAF at AM/NS Calvert will further secure its leadership in the North American automotive market.
Tube Manufacturer to Build Facility, Create Jobs in Alabama
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Extrusion Processes DVD
Industrial Heating Magazine May 2020 Issue
Automotive IR Seminar
Advanced Heat Treat Corp. (Cullman, AL)
Advanced Heat Treat Corp. (Waterloo, IA, Midport Blvd.)
Advanced Heat Treat Corp. (Waterloo, IA, Burton Ave.)
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Home latest news Duty-free concession for FIU employees not passed in National Assembly
Duty-free concession for FIU employees not passed in National Assembly
The motion for duty-free concessions to be granted to the accountant and attorney-at-law of the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) was not passed in the National Assembly.
Minister of Social Cohesion, Dr George Norton
The house decided against the motion moved by, Minister of Social Cohesion, Dr George Norton, after the Opposition voted against its passage and two MPs of the government abstained from voting while some were not present in the chamber for the vote.
Minister Norton, who is also the Chairman of the Committee of Appointment, explained that the committee deliberated at its 30th meeting on March 28, 2018, and agreed to offer Surendra Lall Boodhoo and Yonette Romao Scarville, duty-free concessions for a vehicle at 2000-CC.
The Opposition argued that the motion should be withdrawn and the benefits be granted across the board. It was argued that even though the qualifications of the two officials were similar to several Attorneys or accountants in the State’s employ, others did not enjoy duty free concessions for 2000-cylinder capacity (cc) vehicles.
“The fact is the appointments committee wants to bring a benefit to two employees within that unit. To do this, they have to amend the law and make it part of their benefits in the law,” Opposition parliamentarian Irfaan Ali said.
Opposition Member of Parliament, Irfaan Ali
Ali also noted that the granting of these concessions should reside with Finance Minister Winston Jordan and Guyana Revenue Authority (GRA) Commissioner General Godfrey Statia.
“We can’t adjust based on the committee. We have to adjust based on principles and on position. So, we have to say here we are going to create a new category of posts that would benefit from such concessions. For example, you will have other persons appointed by the committee that will now say, we are of the same qualification. We were appointed by the same committee, on the same level. Why is it we are not considered for the granting of such concessions.”
“So, I want to propose he bring an amendment to the Act to deal with this issue, or we take a holistic position dealing with all positions in this category, that we will now give equal treatment. And that we cannot direct the Minister of Finance or Commissioner General,” Ali argued, noting that this would breach existing laws and principles.
A division was subsequently called, but even though the Chambers rang bells calling all members to take up their seats, it was evident that several seats, including Finance Minister Winston Jordan’s, would remain empty for the vote. By the time the dust had settled, 26 voted for the motion to be carried and 28 voted against. There are 65 seats in Guyana’s Parliament.
When their names were called, Public Security Minister Khemraj Ramjattan and Business Minister Dominic Gaskin both announced they were abstaining. A few members, including Jordan, reappeared following the vote.
If passed, the motion in question would have granted the newly-appointed accountant and Attorney-At-Law for the FIU duty-free concessions. The FIU is an agency that acts under the Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) laws.
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Henry boys murder accused make court appearance
The three persons who are accused of murdering Isaiah Henry, 16, and his 19-year-old cousin, Joel Henry have appeared before the Georgetown Magistrates' Court. On...
UG to remain in “safe mode”, courses to continue online
The University of Guyana has confirmed that the institution remains in “safe mode” and all courses for the 2020/2021 academic year will continue online. The...
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JMI Online: Malcolm Singer: Lecture | Leonard Bernstein: The Jewish Works
Leonard Bernstein: The Jewish Works
Malcolm Singer explores Bernstein’s Jewish heritage and the influence of Jewish liturgical music not just on the Chichester Psalms but on much of this extraordinary musician’s output.
Malcolm Singer was Director of Music at the Yehudi Menuhin School from 1998 -2017 and was Musical Director of the Zemel Choir from 1983 – 1993. He teaches composition at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. His own ‘Jewish’ works include Kaddish, commissioned by the BBC Singers; York, for the 800th anniversary of massacre of the Jews at Clifford’s Tower; and The Mask of Esther, commissioned by the St Alban’s Chamber Choir and the Zemel Choir. He has set many Psalms in Hebrew, Latin and English.
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Duke University Chooses Novel by Nigerian-Born Author for Summer Reading Assignment
Filed in Books on April 22, 2014
Duke University has chosen a novel by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as the summer reading assignment for all incoming students. Adichie is the author of Americanah (Alfred A. Knopf), which won the 2013 National Book Critics Circle Award.
The story involves a Nigerian couple who are separated, one going to the United States for college and one living in London. Eventually, they both return to Nigeria.
Like the character in her novel, Adichie left Nigeria at the age of 19 to study at Drexel University in Philadelphia. She transferred to Eastern Connecticut State University and graduated summa cum laude in 2001. She later earned a master’s degree in creative writing at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and a master’s degree in Africana studies from Yale University. She has taught at Princeton University and Harvard University.
Small group discussions about the book will be part of new student orientation in August. Duke University is planning on having Adichie speak on campus early in the fall semester to continue the discussion of her work.
Related: Duke University
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Most Reliable 2017 Luxury Crossovers and SUVs Over $60,000
Christian Wardlaw | Aug 31, 2017
Luxury SUVs are complex machines loaded with technology and mechanical intricacy. However, that doesn’t mean you can’t find one that is likely to be reliable over time. That’s J.D. Power’s finding after synthesizing the data from thousands of survey responses submitted by new- and used-vehicle owners.
Based on information collected by J.D. Power related to quality and dependability, our predicted reliability Power Circle Ratings can help consumers to find the vehicles offering the best chance at a long, trouble-free run. Listed, in alphabetical order, on the pages that follow are those luxury crossovers and SUVs priced higher than $60,000 that rate highest in terms of predicted reliability.
When consulting the ratings, keep in mind that scores are meant for comparison within vehicle segments, not across them.
View All Automotive Study Ratings
Think of the BMW X6 as a BMW X5 with less space inside and a higher price tag, and you’ll understand it. Also, it is unavailable with a plug-in hybrid powertrain, like the X5 is. Instead, the X6 lineup includes a turbocharged 6-cylinder engine, twin-turbocharged V-8, and a performance-massaged X6 M with a six-figure price tag.
The 2017 X6 receives an overall predicted reliability Power Circle Rating of 4.5 out of 5.
Based on the Nissan Armada, the Infiniti QX80 is a full-size, 3-row, luxury SUV designed to carry up to 7 passengers and tow up to 8,500 lbs. of weight courtesy of a 400-horsepower, 5.6-liter V-8 engine. An older design, the QX80 comes in a new Signature Edition trim level for 2017, and adds both pedestrian detection and automatic emergency braking this year.
The 2017 QX80 receives an overall predicted reliability Power Circle Rating of 4 out of 5.
2017 Lexus LX
Like the smaller Lexus GX, the Lexus LX is based on a Toyota model and is designed for serious off-roading. This time around, the iconic Land Cruiser serves as the foundation, with leather, wood, and Lexus design cues spread over it like so much Plugra on a croissant from Tout Autour de Pain. Following a major refresh for 2016, the LX is unchanged for 2017.
The 2017 LX receives an overall predicted reliability Power Circle Rating of 4.5 out of 5.
In addition to its favorable reliability rating, three things make the Lincoln Navigator appealing. First, it has a twin-turbocharged V-6 engine with plenty of power. Second, it uses an independent rear suspension design, helping to maximize third-row seat comfort and cargo space. Third, when maintenance time comes around, the dealer comes to you, not vice versa. Still, you might want to wait, because a completely redesigned Navigator arrives for 2018.
The 2017 Navigator receives an overall predicted reliability Power Circle Rating of 4 out of 5.
Originally designed in the 1970s to serve as a military vehicle, the Mercedes-Benz G-Class has morphed into a luxury performance SUV commanding a six-figure price. Able to travel far from the beaten path, the G-Class is more often used as an instrument of envy, patrolling urban shopping districts instead of barren sandy deserts. After 35 years of production, one thing is certain: the G-Wagen is reliable.
The 2017 G-Class receives an overall predicted reliability Power Circle Rating of 4 out of 5.
2017 Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class
Mercedes freshens the 7-passenger GL-Class for 2017, and at the same time changes its name to GLS-Class. New bits and pieces include a 9-speed automatic transmission, adaptive damping air suspension, next-generation infotainment technology, and a Steering Pilot system for highway driving. Buyers choose between the GLS 450, GLS 550, and the AMG GLS63.
The 2017 GLS-Class receives an overall predicted reliability Power Circle Rating of 4 out of 5.
If not for the popularity of the Porsche Cayenne, the German sports car maker might not have survived. An SUV equipped with the heart and soul of a sports car, the Cayenne is engineered to capably tackle just about any road at any time. Buyers can choose from a wide range of trims and powertrains, and for 2017 a new Platinum Edition becomes available, along with an upgraded infotainment system.
The 2017 Cayenne receives an overall predicted reliability Power Circle Rating of 4 out of 5.
When you think of the Toyota Land Cruiser, visions of ruggedly capable and unfailingly dependable trucks and SUVs might come to mind. Modern Land Cruisers meet those standards, but they’re not as simple, basic, or handsome as the older models. Plus, they’re Lexus-expensive. But for a small contingent of loyalists, nothing else will do.
The 2017 Land Cruiser receives an overall predicted reliability Power Circle Rating of 4 out of 5.
2022 Nissan Ariya Preview
10 Most Popular Luxury Cars
New for 2019: Ford Cars
2022 Acura MDX Preview
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Patient satisfaction with the dental services offered by a dental Hospital in India
N Nagappan1, Joseph John2
1 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
2 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
N Nagappan
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, Tamil Nadu
Introduction: A major component of quality of health care is patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is multifaceted and a very challenging outcome to define. Patient expectations of care and attitudes greatly contribute to the satisfaction; other psychosocial factors, including facilities and treatments services are also known to contribute to patient satisfaction scores. Aim: To measure patient satisfaction about facilities, services and treatments offered by a dental hospital in India. Materials and Methods: Self administrated questionnaire was distributed to outpatients reporting to the dental hospital for treatment. The questionnaire consisted of 30 items that included information about personal data of the patients and their satisfaction with the facilities, services and treatment received in the hospital. Results: About 89.9% of patients felt that the cost of dental hygiene services were reasonable, 57.6% of patients felt that drinking water facilities were enough in the hospital, 31.9% of patients felt that they have problem with scheduling appointments, 86% of patients felt that they had problem in contacting student dentist. Conclusion: The majority of the patients were satisfied with the facilities, services and treatment received at hospital except for facilities such as water supply and scheduling appointments with patient convenience.
Keywords: Dental care, dental survey, patient satisfaction
Nagappan N, John J. Patient satisfaction with the dental services offered by a dental Hospital in India . J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2014;12:297-301
Nagappan N, John J. Patient satisfaction with the dental services offered by a dental Hospital in India . J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent [serial online] 2014 [cited 2021 Jan 15];12:297-301. Available from: https://www.jiaphd.org/text.asp?2014/12/4/297/147669
Patient satisfaction with dental care is an important aspect of the quality of care and will influence the future utilization of the service. [1],[2] It is, therefore, an essential element in assessing the quality of care. A major issue for careful monitoring of satisfaction is recognition of the complex relationship between patients' views of the health care system and their health and illness behavior. [3] Dentist-patient interactions during a consultation, including cognitive and emotional aspects, have been demonstrated to affect patient compliance with clinical advice and follow-up visits. [2]
Chung et al. suggested factors that directly affect willingness to visit a hospital again are expectation level toward a hospital, reliability of the medical care, accessibility to the diagnosis, expenses for diagnosis and patients' satisfaction level. [4] The role of dental specialists is important to improve the quality of dental service and to increase patients' satisfaction level, willingness to use the service once again, and to refer the service to others.
At present, there are 294 dental colleges throughout India producing nearly 30,000 dental graduates per year. [5] The WHO recommended dentists-to-population ratio is 1:7500. [5] In India, dentists-to-population ratio was 1:300,000 in the 1960's, which stands at 1:10,000 today. [5] There is a total workforce of 1,18,000 dental practitioners in India at present, which is expected to swell to 2,25,000 shortly. [6]
The present population of America is nearly 33 crore, and it has 108 dental colleges to provide dental treatments. [5] However after considering the dentist to population ratio as well as the number of fresh dentists graduating per year, the number of dental colleges in America was brought down to 58. [5] Considering this scenario according to the present Indian population of 1.2 billion, India should have only 119 dental colleges against the present number of 294. [5] Although there is mushrooming of dental colleges in India, the patients satisfaction level of being treated in these colleges remain at a meager level. [5]
Although there is increased dental manpower in India, the level of patients' satisfaction needs to be improved. In order to improve the patients' satisfaction, the quality of dental treatment provided alone is not enough. The other factors, which have a role are the environment in which it is provided, the accessibility, the fee charged and the basic sanitation facilities provided in the hospital. [7]
The qualities of dental treatments in dental clinics and hospitals have improved by leaps and bounds in the urban areas, although there is a marginal level in rural areas. The number of patients getting treated also vary, and the cost factor also comes into play. [5] There is an urgent need for research on the dental services provided by the hospitals in the present scenario. This study has been done to measure the patients' satisfaction about facilities, services and treatment offered by a dental hospital in India.
A cross-sectional study.
India is a nation of extraordinary diversity, the second largest in Asia and the seventh largest and the second most populous country with a population of 1.21 billion. [8] It covers an area of 32, 8263 km 2 . There are 28 states and 7 union territories in India. [8] There are 294 dental colleges spread around 21 states and 4 union territories. [5]
The majority of the dental colleges are situated in the Southern part of India, which constitutes Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The state of Tamil Nadu was chosen at random from the Southern states of India. [9]
Sampling methodology
Among the 29 dental colleges in the state of Tamil Nadu, one dental hospital (Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai) was randomly selected. [9] Outpatients reporting to the dental hospital during the month of December 2011 constituted the study population.
Sample size calculation
The overall patient satisfaction was estimated to be 60% among out patients reporting to a hospital in Saudi Arabia [10] and the sample size was calculated using the formula:
All the outpatients reporting for treatment at dental hospital were included till the sample size is achieved.
Patients who are not willing to participate in the study
Patients unable to give informed consent.
Ethical clearance
Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Saveetha University.
Survey instrument
A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to measure the patient satisfaction with the dental services provided by dental hospital. The total of 30 closed-ended questions were used. Items covered were Facilities, Services and Treatments. Questions about each patient's demographic data like age and sex were included.
After a brief introduction on the purpose and intent of the study with the help of information sheet, the informed consent was obtained from the patients and questionnaires were distributed to the patients and filled questionnaires were collected. Only completely filled questionnaire forms were considered for analysis.
Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheet (Microsoft, USA) and descriptive data, and Chi-square test were analyzed using SPSS (IBM) software (version 17.0).
Among the 288 study subjects, 181 (62.8%) were males, and 107 (37.2%) were females. 96 (33.4%) study subjects were aged 18-24 years, 92 (32.1%) study subjects were aged 25-34 years, 38 (13.2%) study subjects were aged 35-44 years, 43 (15%) study subjects were aged 45-54 years and 19 (6.3%) study subjects were aged ≥ 55 years [Table 1].
Table 1: Distribution of study subjects according to age and gender
[Figure 1] describes the patient satisfaction regarding facilities provided in the hospital. About 29 (10.1%) of the patients felt that they have problem in parking the vehicle; 202 (70.1%) of patients felt that enough number of lifts were available, 271 (94.1%) of patients felt that the waiting areas were clean, 263 (91.3%) of patients felt that treatment areas were clean.
Only 49 (17%) of the patients felt that they have problem in locating the college/or hospital, 268 (93.1%) of patients felt that reception staff were friendly and courteous, 246 (85.4%) of patients felt that they were able to locate the concerned department, 247 (85.8%) of patients felt that there were comfortable place to sit when they waited for the treatment.
Figure 1: Assessment of patient satisfaction regarding facilities in the hospital
About 192 (66.7%) patients felt that they were satisfied with the cleanliness of the washrooms, 166 (57.6%) patients felt that drinking water facilities were enough in the hospital and 92 (31.9%) patients felt that they have problem with scheduling appointments.
[Figure 2] describes the mode of transport used for reaching hospital/college. Among the 288 subjects, 167 (58%) used bus, 85 (29.5%) used their own vehicle, 31 (10.8%) subjects used three and four wheelers and 5 (1.7%) of the subjects reach the hospital/college by walking.
[Figure 3] describes the patient satisfaction regarding services provided in the hospital. About 210 (72.9%) patients felt that appointment options were given to their schedule, 244 (84.7%) patients felt that they received enough information during first appointment.
Figure 2: Mode of transport used for reaching hospital/college
Only 86 (29.9%) patients felt that they had problem in contacting student dentist, 269 (93.4%) patients felt that student dentists' were professional and courteous, 271 (94.1%) patients felt that they were pleased with the supervising dentist/staff, 259 (89.9%) of the patients felt that the cost of dental hygiene services were reasonable.
Figure 3: Assessment of patient satisfaction regarding services in the hospital
[Figure 4] describes the patient satisfaction regarding treatments provided in the hospital. About 270 (93.8%) patients felt that the proposed treatment was clearly explained to them, 263 (91.3%) patients felt that they recommend this hospital to their friend/relative, 267 (92.7%) patients felt that the student dentist talked to them with respect and listened carefully and encouraged them to ask questions, 252 (87.5%) patients felt that they received the necessary treatment during their visit to the hospital, 260 (90.3%) patients expressed that the student dentist explained different treatment options and allowed them to decide their choice of treatment.
Figure 4: Assessment of patient satisfaction regarding treatments in the hospital. Overall satisfaction regarding treatment: P < 0.001
About 260 (90.3%) patients felt that the student dentist told them the truth and explained their problems in mouth, 258 (89.6%) patients felt that the student dentist explained each step of the treatment procedure before it is done on them, 255 (88.5%) patients felt that the equipments used were clean and presentable, 255 (88.5%) patients felt that the student dentist used proper infection control procedures.
About 268 (93.1%) patients felt that the student dentist controlled the pain involved during treatment effectively, 228 (79.2%) patients felt that the dental treatment was completed in a timely and efficient manner, 248 (86.1%) patients felt that the student dentist explained to them clearly how to maintain oral hygiene.
The importance of the relations for obtaining patient feedback on dental services, this survey was conducted with the aim to measure patients' satisfaction with regard to facilities, services and treatments offered by a dental hospital in India. This study employed a self-administered questionnaire to collect information regarding patients' satisfaction at the hospital.
The three domains analyzed in this study are facilities, services and treatments. In the facilities domains, 34.1% of patients were not satisfied with the parking facilities, the results were similar to the study by Awliya et al. in Saudi Arabia (2003). [11] About 70.1% of patients felt that there were enough number of elevators and 94.1% of patients felt that the waiting rooms were clean in the hospital, this was higher than the study conducted by Awliya et al. in Saudi Arabia (2003). [11] About 66.7% of patients felt that there was cleanliness of the washroom, this was lower than the study conducted by Awliya et al. in Saudi Arabia (2003). [11] In the present study, only 6.9% of patients were not satisfied with the courteousness of the reception staff, whereas it was 14.8% in the study conducted by Hashim in Emirate of Ajman (2005). [2]
In the present study, 57.6% of patients felt that they are satisfied regarding drinking water facilities, and 31.9% of patients felt that they had a problem in scheduling appointments. These factors were not discussed individually in any of the previous studies.
In the services domain, 29.9% of patients felt that they had a problem in contacting student dentist, which was higher than the study conducted by Awliya et al. in Saudi Arabia (2003). [11] About 84.7% of the respondents were satisfied on first appointments, and they received enough information regarding their treatments.
In the treatment domain, 93.8% of patients felt that the proposed treatment was clearly explained to them, which was lower than the study conducted by Hashim in Emirate of Ajman (2005). [2] Patients overall satisfaction regarding treatments were significant statistically (P < 0.001).
This survey provided a means of assessing satisfaction of the patients currently receiving treatment in the Dental College. The results could facilitate focusing on patient complaints and attending to the concerns of dissatisfied patients. The comments and suggestions also provided useful information about issues important to patients and ways to address them. Given the high costs of educating future dentists and the increasingly competitive environment in which dental colleges operate, the role that dental colleges play as service providers needs to be carefully considered. Future studies may be needed to compare patients' satisfaction in the Dental College with other dental care providers.
The results of this survey questionnaire indicated that majority of the patients were satisfied with the facilities, services and treatment received at Saveetha dental college except for facilities such as parking and water supply, services like scheduling appointments with patient convenience and waiting too long to get a treatment on appointment times with the specialists.
Levin R. The correlation between dental practice management and clinical excellence. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135:345-6.
Hashim R. Patient satisfaction with dental services at Ajman University, United Arab Emirates. East Mediterr Health J 2005;11:913-21.
Schouten BC, Hoogstraten J, Eijkman M. Patient participation during dental consultations: The influence of patient's characteristics and dentists' behaviour. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003;31:368-77.
Chung SH, Kim JY, Lee WG, Sohn EY, Choi YH, Song GB. Changes in the characteristics and satisfaction level of the patients at the Kyungpook National University's Dentistry. J Korean Acad Dent Health 2004;28:235-47.
Ahuja NK, Parmar R. Demographics and current scenario with respect to dentists, dental institutions and dental practices in India. Indian J Dent Sci 2011;3:8-11.
National Oral Health Policy: Prepared by Core Committee, Appointed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 1995.
Retna KN. Assessment of dental treatment required and analysis of cost in the management of dental caries among semiurban primary school children of Kerala. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2000;18:29-37.
Census of India 2011. Available from: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/censusdataonline.html. [Last accessed on 2012 Jun 16].
Dental colleges in India. Available from: http://www.dciindia.org/search.aspx. [Last accessed on 2012 Apr 28].
Mascarenhas AK. Patient satisfaction with the comprehensive care model of dental care delivery. J Dent Educ 2001;65:1266-71.
Awliya WY. Patient satisfaction with the dental services provided by the dental college of King Saud University. Saudi Dent J 2003;15:11-6.
Nagappan N
dental survey
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© Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 18 July, 2014
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Home › To the Last Round: The Leicestershire and Rutland Home Guard 1940-1945
To the Last Round: The Leicestershire and Rutland Home Guard 1940-1945
Author: Austin Ruddy
Paperback - $24.00 USD Quantity
During World War Two, up to 50,000 men and women served in the Leicestershire and Rutland Home Guard, ready to defend their families, friends and fellow citizens, yet today their stories and sacrifices are practically forgotten - until now.
Using a wide variety of sources, the author reveals the true story behind the Home Guard. Apart from their well-know infantry role, Home Guards manned anti-aircraft guns and rockets, formed bomb disposal squads and helped train Special Forces units.
Women Auxiliaries and boy cadets also served in the force. Over 50 of the last Home Guards tell first hand of the many events, both serious and humorous, that occurred while they defended the Home Front.
Also published for the first time are: details of secret defence schemes, showing how the two counties would have been defended to the last round; how three secret local resistance organisations would have carried on fighting after Nazi occupation.
"To the Last Round" is a moving and candid tribute to the Leicestershire and Rutland Home Guard and will provide a welcome addition to the subject at both local and national level.
Born in North London in 1973, Austin J. Ruddy was educated at Highgate School and the University of Leicester, where he attained his degree in Archaeology.
He has studied and collected the social and military history of the Second World War, particularly the British Home Front, for most of his life.
Austin has appeared on radio and television talking about wartime history and regularly researches and writes for magazines, newspapers, journals and websites, as well as local talks on wartime defence history.
Derbyshire Pubs - A Pint Sized History and Miscellany
The Slums of Leicester
Better Than Messi - The Story of Georgi Kinkladze
Mods: Two City Connection. Memories of the 1960's Leicester and Nottingham Mod scene
Derby County in Focus. 1950 to 1970
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Religious orders owe clerical abuse survivors $657 million
READ MORE- Ryan Report on clerical child sex abuse in Ireland reaches one-year milestone Religious orders in Ireland still owe the State more than €500m ($657 million) arising from their agreement to compensate thousands of people who were abused in their childhood while living n state care. Initially the 18 congregations involved pledged a total of €680million ($893million) in cash and property which would cover half the cost of the settlement for victims. It has emerged that only €123million ($161 million) has been paid thus far. In the past there were two separate financial agreements between the State and religious orders in Ireland, the first in 2002 for €128million ($168 million) and the second in 2009 for €552million ($725 million). Despite the initial agreed amount, the total pay out from the 2002 agreement amounted to around €1.2billion ($1.5 billion). The Government then renegotiated the 2009 settlement following the revelations of the Ryan Report which detailed child abuse in religious state-run institutions. Through the 2009 deal religious orders were due to contribute €349million ($458 million) in cash and property, however to date only €20m ($26 million) has been handed over and no property has been transferred. Speaking about the figures, Labour Education spokesman Ruairi Quinn said the public would be disappointed by the slow pace of payments. "I hope that this does not represent an attempt by the religious congregations to renege on the agreement. "The Government must now insist the pace of payments and transfers is accelerated, particularly given the horrendous economic problems we are facing," he told the Irish Independent. The Ryan Report revealed details of rampant child sex abuse and beatings by both nuns and priests over almost a 40-year period in educational institutions throughout Ireland. The Government set up the Residential Institutions Redress Board to deal with and process compensation claims from victims. To date it has processed more than 14,000 cases.
MOLLY MULDOON
Dublin agencies have pleaded with the Irish Government to delay the release of a new child abuse report
READ MORE- Ryan Report on clerical child sex abuse in Ireland reaches one-year milestone
Religious orders in Ireland still owe the State more than €500m ($657 million) arising from their agreement to compensate thousands of people who were abused in their childhood while living n state care.
Initially the 18 congregations involved pledged a total of €680million ($893million) in cash and property which would cover half the cost of the settlement for victims. It has emerged that only €123million ($161 million) has been paid thus far.
In the past there were two separate financial agreements between the State and religious orders in Ireland, the first in 2002 for €128million ($168 million) and the second in 2009 for €552million ($725 million).
Despite the initial agreed amount, the total pay out from the 2002 agreement amounted to around €1.2billion ($1.5 billion).
The Government then renegotiated the 2009 settlement following the revelations of the Ryan Report which detailed child abuse in religious state-run institutions.
Through the 2009 deal religious orders were due to contribute €349million ($458 million) in cash and property, however to date only €20m ($26 million) has been handed over and no property has been transferred.
Speaking about the figures, Labour Education spokesman Ruairi Quinn said the public would be disappointed by the slow pace of payments.
"I hope that this does not represent an attempt by the religious congregations to renege on the agreement.
"The Government must now insist the pace of payments and transfers is accelerated, particularly given the horrendous economic problems we are facing," he told the Irish Independent.
The Ryan Report revealed details of rampant child sex abuse and beatings by both nuns and priests over almost a 40-year period in educational institutions throughout Ireland.
The Government set up the Residential Institutions Redress Board to deal with and process compensation claims from victims. To date it has processed more than 14,000 cases.
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Conan O'Brien gets his Irish up as Jay Leno comes under fire
Typical! Irish stand-up host Conan O'Brien finally gets into high gear just as he's about to be pushed off the air.
"Hosting ‘The Tonight Show' has been the fulfillment of a lifelong dream for me – and I just want to say to the kids out there watching: You can do anything you want in life. Unless Jay Leno wants to do it too," O'Brien said Wednesday night.
Conan has refused to cave to NBC demands that he move "Tonight" to 12:05 a.m. to give Jay Leno a spot at 11:35 p.m.
Conan says he won't be part of the destruction of a franchise.
Late-night CBS rival David Letterman got in on the act as well last night.
Dave poked fun at Leno and said building a closet on his set for Leno.
Apparently Leno had actually hidden in a closet to eavesdrop on executive talks back in the 90s when Leno and Letterman were vyting for the Tonight Show spot.
Dave also referred to the weather and said, "You know, they say, from the weather bureau, they say it's caused by an arctic chill between Jay and Conan."
Leno obviously wasn't very happy.
“Conan O’Brien, understandable, is very upset," he said. "He had a statement in the paper yesterday. Conan said NBC has only given him seven months to make his show work. When I heard that -- seven months! How did he get that deal? We only got four.”
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in Tech Information
How Tech can transform the Industries in India?
How Technology Transforming The Industries In India
Now is a great time to be alive in India as there is an increasing understanding of the direction in which the society at large should be heading. More focus is now directed at technology and we realize its importance to help produce results that can propel the nation.
India rightfully holds its place as a fast-growing nation but there is more work to be done. The status that we hold as a developing nation boils down to the parameters used by the World Bank. The real dilemma right now is how India can go from its status as a growing nation to become developed.
In reality, the prosperity of a nation is tied to the success of its citizens. This means that having a decent standard of living is necessary and some tools to help reach these goals include:
Constant power supply
Standard transport infrastructure
A thriving entertainment sector
Revolutionized agricultural sector
There are speculations by economic and social professionals on forums who believe that the transformation of India would require many more decades. But does this really need to take that much time? Could there be a way to accelerate and achieve more rapid development within a relatively shorter duration?
The answer to these questions lies in technology. On the planet, India is one of the nations that outsource technology. This valuable technical knowledge can be put to good use locally to enhance the growth of the nation. Of course, technology can play a leading role in transforming the industries in India.
Sectors Where Technology Can Play a Key Role
Integrating technology into the vital sectors can serve as the foundation on which growth and development can thrive. There is so much to achieve when we harness the advantages that innovation and tech present to us. The so-called developed countries in the world cannot do without technology and have built their successes on this amazing tool.
Now is the time for India to follow in the same direction at a much faster pace. Here are some key industries that can be integrated with technology to propel and drive the nation towards growth:
No nation can develop beyond its level of education. This implies that if the education system in India is well-structured, it can engineer mass transformation.
India has a very young citizenry with over ¼th of the entire population between the ages of 15 and 24. This can be a young working population that has the potential to drive the growth of India’s economy.
Having a young working population puts the country at an advantage. But that potential and advantage can very much be harnessed with technology. By introducing E-education with the help of the internet to every part of India, the young population can receive the knowledge and skills that they need to create future impact.
2. Healthcare
A healthy population translates into a healthy nation. The importance of health for all individuals cannot be overestimated.
Healthcare is directly tied to productivity because an individual can offer more value when they have a healthy body and mind. To ensure that the citizens of India are healthy enough to be fully productive, technology must be used in healthcare delivery. This will also help to lower the costs of accessing healthcare.
We can have more mobile health clinics with the help of modern strategies of communication such as video conferencing. This can help rural doctors to connect with medical specialists no matter how far apart they are. Think of how this will help to improve healthcare in the rural parts of India.
The more qualified medical professionals can review medical data and assist patients in rural areas through communication technology.
Would industrialization be possible without power? Not at all! We cannot emphasize enough how important it is for a nation to have access to electricity. Unfortunately, not every village in India has adequate power supply and a solution is needed.
While we must commend the efforts made to harness solar energy in electricity generation, more efforts are paramount at this point. This is where technology comes in as there is a need for safe nuclear plants to generate electricity. It is only when the latest tech in energy is implemented fast that the problem of power can be solved once and for all.
Many areas in the nation are experiencing stunted growth and will develop faster with constant power supply.
The entertainment sector in India is fast-growing, thanks to the possibilities that tech offers. Artificial intelligence has been around for a while and is helping to grow the gaming industry.
What is even more interesting is that Indians have a variety of options to choose from. They may decide to visit brick and mortar game zones or stay at the comfort of their homes to enjoy online games.
One industry, in particular, is the gambling sector which is benefiting from technology. Indians naturally love casinos and always want to engage in betting to satisfy their drive for winning. Now, the world of gambling and gaming is evolving quickly as gamers no longer have to visit these physical casinos or game shops.
With the right mobile devices, casino lovers can explore their betting fantasies on top-rated online casinos like IndiaSlots. They may also decide to bet on sports and can do all of these from any location. With technology, the Indian entertainment industry can grow even more.
The transportation industry in India is still developing and a lot of work is needed. The public transportation systems need to be restructured and replanned to serve the population better.
Introducing the idea of developing smart cities is great but there are only a few metro cities such as Delhi and Mumbai. If there is to be a rapid increase in the smart cities initiative, technology needs to come into the mix.
Technology-driven cities with a refined transport system could help to reduce the migration of the population from the poorest cities to the metros.
6. Agriculture
One of the strong points that India can hold onto as a nation is its agricultural prowess. All over the world, the country is known as an agricultural powerhouse.
There is a capacity to do even more and technology can help to harness that potential. If the right technology is not implemented, how can India go from where it is now to get should be? By using tech-driven methods, weather prediction will become even more accurate.
That way, farmers can develop better farming strategies that will help to boost agricultural yields. There will be no need to depend on the rain so much with more improved irrigation systems.
Technology will also help to construct dams that regulate water flow. Also, think of the fertilizers that will assist the growing and harvesting of farm produce. There can also be tech-driven systems to encourage financial accessibility to farmers. Eventually, applying technology right will create the agricultural impact needed to develop India even more.
7. Safety and Security
There is no debate about it. Safety and security are non-negotiable because a nation that is insecure cannot thrive. When the citizenry does not feel protected, every other thing becomes ineffective.
Using technology to improve security and safety in India is not rocket science. E-governance is fast becoming the trend in the world’s developed nations and can take root in India as well.
When technology is fused with safety and security, it becomes easier to govern the people. The legal system becomes more transparent and corruption is dealt with in an effective manner. The benefits of integrating security institutions with tech-driven systems are numerous.
Law enforcement agencies can draw upon innovative gadgets and software to better police the nation. In the end, technology is a leading resource that helps to bring about peace, security, and safety.
8. Environmental Conservation
Again, serious consideration must be directed to environmental conservation in India. There has to be a dedication towards discovering and exploring nonrenewable resource alternatives. But it should not stop there as efforts must be made to establish these alternative sources until they become part of daily living in India.
The importance of testing out non-renewable energy sources on a larger scale is even more pronounced today. There has to be a way to harness solar energy and come up with a wide range of equipment that will function through it.
Exploring and implementing technology will help in this area and also reduce the costs of accessing these types of equipment.
Technology Can Help to Transform India into a World Power
There is so much to achieve when we harness the advantages that innovation and tech present to us. As one of the most populated nations in the world with a young and vibrant population, India is waiting to be tapped.
There are lots of ideas that can help to restructure and strategize with technology to create productive results. As the optimistic vibe continues to spread around the nation, we expect to see an execution of policies and initiatives that will bring about a technological revolution in India.
Within the next few decades, India can go from where it is now to become a world power.
Also read: Industrial Revolution
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ForumPodcastLyricsPress ArchiveTranslations
Protoculture Addicts November/December 1995 (Issue 37)
Dragon Ball Overview
■ Dragon Ball Overview
DRAGON BALL is the number one rated television show in the world, with significant international appeal across as multitude of cultures. It has spawned an incredible 500 episodes and 11 specials.
DRAGON BALL has generated billions of dollars in world-wide merchandising revenues. Bandai, the crucial driver in that success, is fully backing this property worldwide.
DRAGON BALL is the greatest creation of Akira Toriyama, Japan’s most famous and popular animation artist. His printed works have a circulation of over 130 million copies and his television works have dominated Japanese television.
DRAGON BALL is the flagship product of Toei Animation, the “Disney of the Orient,” which has produced 131 full-length animated features, 107 animated series for television (6150 episodes), 30 television specials and countless videos over the last 38 years.
DRAGON BALL is a “Mystical Action Adventure” series of riveting stories, driven by extraordinary characters and filled with terrific moments that reveal the wonderful charm, humor and weaknesses of the warriors, adventurers, wise sages and villains that make up its cast.
■ The Genius of Akira Toriyama
Akira Toriyama is often referred to as the successor to Osamu Tezuka (ASTRO BOY, KIMBA THE WHITE LION) who is often credited with popularizing manga (comic books) in Japan and the one artist that best represents the world of manga. Akira followed his great success DR. SLUMP, which sold 28,110,000 copies and spawned a 400-episode animated series which was rated number one in Japan, with an even greater phenomenon — DRAGON BALL — which has sold over 109,300,000 copies (as of 7/95)!!
Akira’s work appeals to children of all cultures, as evidenced by his international success, and to all forms of media, as evidenced by his success in print, television, film video games, and merchandising. Akira broke new ground with DRAGON BALL. With its “edgy” drawings, unique battle movements and vivid characters, DRAGON BALL is his greatest work. But Akira’s abilities go beyond his pen — he is particularly known for his ability to create strong stories which embody the values of hope for the future, friendship strength and effort.1 Human nature is the essence of the world of Akira Toriyama.
DRAGON BALL has not only spawned over 500 episodes of animated shows, but has created a merchandising frenzy with sales of $2.95 billion in DRAGON BALL-related merchandise.
Akira Toriyama has reached a status few artists can hope for. An Akira Toriyama exhibition has recently toured nine public art galleries and other venues, drawing over 3.3 million people. This is the second time in history that a Manga artist has achieved this level of notoriety (the first being Osamu Tezuka and the exhibit was after his death). The National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo has made an unprecedented move by exhibiting a manga artist’s work. The works of Akira Toriyama can be seen displayed with those of artists such as Monet and Miro.
DRAGON BALL is a continuing mystical adventure series whose wonders unfold with every episode. The unique blind of charm, humor, and action is played out in an intensifying saga that builds through the following 26 episodes.
■ Dragon Ball: The Creative Talent
FUNimation PRODUCTIONS, INC.
FUNimation Productions is a new company whose principals have owned and operated a string of television and radio stations throughout the southern United States over the last three decades. Dedicated to developing quality children’s entertainment, Dragon Ball is FUNimation’s initial entry into the television marketplace, with several more shows in development for 1996.
From the beginning, FUNimation’s founders — Daniel Cocanougher, Gen Fukunaga and Cindy Fukunaga — have focused on developing creative partnerships with leading individuals in the children’s entertainment industry.
For Dragon Ball, FUNimation called upon a writing team headed by Cliff MacGillivray, the story editor and lead writer for MUTANT LEAGUE, currently the number one weekend animated show.
Michael Donovan, who is best known as the lead voice in CONAN, brought his skills and experience in directing over 300 episodes, to the show.
A terrific and talented cast, headed by Gary Chalk, known for his work as HE-MAN, provided the voices for the show. Combined, the actors have over 6000 episodes worth of experience.
New music was created by Griffiths, Gibson and Ramsey, who have received more than 500 awards for creative excellence over the last 25 years and most recently have created all the music for ABC’s REBOOT.
BLT Productions, whose work on ABC’s REBOOT has been critically acclaimed, coordinated the post-production.
Dick and Roger’s Sound Studio, whose credits include PLATOON and ABC’s REBOOT, performed the final mix.
■ Dragon Ball: Present and Future
A. The Animated Series
DRAGON BALL, the series, has over 500 complete episodes that are available for the US syndication market. The cartoon has had remarkable success in Japan, France, Spain, and Hong Kong for many years, and is now doing fantastic in South America.
B. The 1995-6 broadcast season
The first thirteen episodes of DRAGON BALL are being dubbed in English with new music for the 1995-6 broadcast season. The producers are preparing a plan to release thirteen additional episodes during the second half of the 1995-6 season, if the ratings warrant it.2
C. 1996-7 Broadcast Season
At this time, FUNimation is planning to distribute additional new episodes for the 1996-7 broadcast season.
■ Dragon Ball: The Story
“Deep within the Earth’s core a fire rages. Within the heart of this fire dwells the Eternal Dragon, a magical beast of limitless power that can be summoned from his fiery lair only when the seven Dragon Balls — now scattered over the face of the Earth — are found and brought together. When the seven magic Dragon Balls are united, the Eternal Dragon will appear before the adventurer who brought them together and grand that person a single wish. Then, once more the balls will be scattered to the four winds, and the dragon beast will return to his fiery lair until another brave or foolish soul rediscovers the balls and tries to bring them together again.”
– “Curse of the Blood Rubies”3
DRAGON BALL is the story of Goku, a brave, innocent young boy with incredible powers who is plunged into a mystical adventure that is played out in exotic lands filled with noble warriors, beautiful princesses, shape-changing monsters, armies of ruthless villains and a kooky, wise old man.
Saddled with a loud, pushy, teenage girl-companion who thinks nagging is something that just has to be done, Goku is thrust wide-eyed into a place where magical powers and futuristic technology exist side by side.
DRAGON BALL is the inescapable, neverending struggle between good versus evil, right versus wrong and pure hearts versus empty souls. It is the continuing saga of the quest for fervent dreams, the realization of secret innermost wishes and the insatiable hunger for a ham sandwich.
■ Thanks
This article was entirely made with the press releases and synopses provided by FUNimation Production Inc. We want to thank Cindy Fukunaga (FUNimation), and the Promotion Department of FOX Buffalo (WUTV) for their help getting this information.
The following historical notes are included for the benefit of the reader as supplemental information and were not originally published in the book.
1 “Friendship, Effort, and Victory” are the three items that make up the motto of Shōnen Jump in Japan
2 This never ended up happening. While early merchandise advertisements showed characters such as Kuririn and Lunch that would appear in these next batch of episodes, FUNimation regrouped after 13 Dragon Ball episodes and instead returned for the 1996-1997 syndication season in September with the first season of Dragon Ball Z‘s English dubbed episodes.
3 English dubbed title of the first theatrical Dragon Ball film, which was released in America on VHS during the same timeframe as FUNimation’s production of the TV series.
Transcription & Notes: VegettoEX
© 2012–2019 Kanzenshuu. "Dragon Ball" is a trademark of Bird Studio/Shueisha, Fuji TV, and Toei Animation.
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Kingston’s Amy Woodgate “best dementia care in UK”
Amy Woodgate House, a Council-run care home for dementia has received an award recognising it as the best facility in the country. The purpose-built residential and day care centre was a Liberal Democrat Administration initiative which opened in April 2009, providing support services in the heart of Chessington.
At last week’s Executive meeting, Cllr Penny Shelton who is Kingston’s Lead Member for Healthy Living and Adult Support Services said: “I am very pleased to announce that Amy Woodgate House has been awarded the rating of ‘most outstanding new care home for adults with dementia in the UK in 2010’.
“This award has been given by the UK Over 50’s Housing Sector and a number of staff attended the awards’ ceremony in Central Hall, Westminster last Thursday. I think it is worth pointing out that RBK was the only local authority to receive an award… all the other winners were from the private and voluntary sector.”
She added: “I am sure Members agree with me that this is a great boost for the excellent service we provide at Amy Woodgate. So I would like to congratulate all of the staff involved with this award.”
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Baton Rouge & New Orleans Litigation Lawyers Kean Miller LLP Home
Contact Laplace, Louisiana Business Attorney Kean Miller LLP
Amanda Stephens Joins Kean Miller
Kean Miller LLP is pleased to announce that Amanda D. Stephens has joined the firm as an associate attorney in the Baton Rouge office. Ms. Stephens will practice in the Business and Corporate Group.
About Amanda Stephens
Amanda Stephens received her J.D. from the LSU Law Center in 2010 where she was a member of the Order of the Coif, and Moot Court Board from 2009-2010. She is a member of the Louisiana State Bar and Baton Rouge Bar Associations; United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit; and the United States District Court - Middle, Eastern and Western Districts of Louisiana.
About Kean Miller
With over 125 lawyers, Kean Miller serves the legal needs of Louisiana businesses and Fortune 500 companies. The firm maintains offices in Baton Rouge, New Orleans, and Lake Charles, Louisiana and is the largest law firm in the Greater Baton Rouge region. The firm serves clients in numerous industries including energy, petrochemical and chemical, technology and telecommunications, transportation, media and advertising, financial services, insurance, gaming, government and education, healthcare, manufacturing, real estate, retail, construction and leasing. The firm combines the talent and expertise of its lawyers into multi-disciplinary client and industry teams. These teams are comprised of seasoned legal professionals from a variety of disciplines who are equipped to identify legal and business needs and to develop superior service strategies that provide unmatched support to the client.
Kean Miller LLP | Amanda Stephens Joins Kean Miller | Baton Rouge & New Orleans Litigation Lawyers
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The History and Importance of Mandatory Prison Sentences in Florida
Mandatory prison sentences were put into place to provide guidelines to the criminal justice system regarding the appropriate sentence range that would fit certain offenses and felonies. Consistency, in our criminal justice system, is equated with fairness, enforcing the ethos that when a person commits a crime, no matter who they are and what their circumstances are, they will receive roughly the same sentence as another person, regardless of their race, ethnicity, creed, national origin.
Florida’s Mandatory Prison Sentence History: Before 1983
In Florida, sentencing guidelines are a more modern invention. In Florida’s history, the only mandatory sentences were maximum sentences applied to the offense and the degree of the offense. For example, for a third-degree felony, the defendant could receive up to five years, for a second degree felony, they could receive up to fifteen years, for a first-degree felony, they could face up to thirty years, and for a life felony, they could lose their life. This provided judges broad and unfettered discretion to apply any number of punishments as long as its severity was at or under the maximum sentence.
The 1983 Sentencing Guidelines
By 1983, Florida, which had largely been a rehabilitation state, pushed to serving sentences with punishment as its main goal and rehabilitation as a secondary objective for imprisonment. This shift pushed toward the inclusion of sentencing guidelines that more aptly applied specific standards for specific offenses and degrees. A point system was put into place for each felony count that the criminal defendant was accused of, and judges were required to impose sentences that were in the points’ recommended range. Parole eligibility was also tampered with and soon the Florida prisons were flooded.
By 1994, a new sentencing framework was put into place that accounted for finite prison resources and the shifted perspective that prison was only for those who committed the most serious, violent, and dangerous crimes. The judge’s discretion was only slightly broadened with a determination that judge’s discretion could increase or decrease the sentence range by 25 percent.
The 1998 Criminal Punishment Code
By 1998, the sentencing guidelines had been replaced by Florida’s Criminal Punishment Code. Though the code brought together the past sentencing guidelines and objectives such as the idea that sentencing is for the objective of punishment, rather than rehabilitation, and understanding that the Florida state prison system only has finite resources, it removed a significant portion of a trial judge’s discretion in waiving or deviating from the mandatory minimum sentences established. The new system only permitted prosecutors the sole discretion to waive or modify the mandatory minimum sentence.
The Modern Trend: Prison Reform to Remove Mandatory Minimum Sentences
The current trend, as seen through the implementation of prison reform, is to move away from mandatory minimum sentences due to the following factors:
Mandatory sentences were not associated with a reduction in recidivism;
Prison costs have continued to skyrocket and are at their breaking point due to overcrowding;
A believe that a “one size fits all” application leads to inequity, unfairness, and racial bias in its application; and
The worry that prosecutorial discretion is too vast and remains unchecked.
Experienced Criminal Defense Attorney in Fort Lauderdale
If you or a loved one have been arrested for a criminal offense, it is important to speak with an experienced defense attorney like Kevin J. Kulik who can guide you through the criminal justice system and help you throughout your proceedings. Contact Kevin J. Kulik today for a free and confidential consultation in the Fort Lauderdale area.
By Kevin J. Kulik, P.A. | Posted on July 28, 2016
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Japhanie Gray, Reporter
Joe Arredondo, Photojournalist
Published: November 24, 2020, 10:32 pm
Tags: Hit-And-Run, Crash, Walking, Victim, Head Trauma
Mother of hit-and-run victim hopes son’s fight for life reminds people to drive safe this holiday season
Nick Ruiz, 23, was walking to Taco Cabana to eat with his brother when he was struck by a hit-and-run driver
SAN ANTONIO – A San Antonio mother is feeling the weight of the actions of a hit-and-run driver who left her son with life-threatening consequences.
Ida Carrasco Ruiz is the mother of Nicholas Ruiz, 23.
Nick was hit while trying to cross San Pedro Avenue around 9 p.m. Oct. 19. San Antonio police have identified the driver who hit him as Antonio Coronado, 20.
According to a police report, Coronado panicked after hitting Nick Ruiz, kept driving, and called his mother.
Police said about an hour later, his mother called the police and confessed her son committed the crime, which led to Coronado’s arrest for failure to stop and render aid.
Before the crash, Ida Ruiz said her son was always very cautious.
“He is pretty happy-go-lucky,” she said. “He has been living on his own for the past two years. He took the bus everywhere. He walked everywhere. He didn’t drive. He was always just so cautious, which is why when my parents called me and told me he had been hit by a car, I was beyond shocked.”
Ida Ruiz said police told her that Nick Ruiz only suffered from a few bumps and bruises. However, she would soon learn his injuries were much more severe.
“When (the driver) hit my son, my son flew up in the air. His head hit the windshield, bounced off that and hit the ground,” Ida Ruiz said. “Police told his brother he was asleep when he was really unconscious. He’s been in the ICU in that condition for 35 days. That is 35 days of him not being able to talk to me or me being able to talk to him when we normally talked every day.”
Ida Ruiz said Nick has had to undergo several surgeries.
“He has two broken legs, a broken knee, a broken pelvis, a broken clavicle, a brain bleed and severe trauma,” she said. “He’ll never be the same. My son will never be the same. He walked everywhere and probably will never be able to walk again.”
Coronado posted a $4,000 bond a day after he was arrested.
“Yes, he’s been arrested,” Ida Ruiz said. “Yes, he is out on bond, but now he is running around town with freedom. And my son is stuck in his body, and there is nothing I can do.”
Ida Ruiz said her son is a hardworking man and had a job at Panda Express. However, he has no insurance, making his medical bills astronomical.
“He is uninsured, and I have no financial means to handle his bills,” Ida Ruiz said. “Everyone knows just one night in the hospital is a lot. After all of his surgeries, his bills are at least over $100,000. I don’t know how we are going to overcome that, but I will be there for my son through it all.”
Ida Ruiz is currently trying to raise money for medical expenses to help her son. She said she wants nothing more than to see him wake up.
She said the family is not looking forward to the holidays because it’s painful knowing Nick will not celebrate with them.
Ida Ruiz hopes her son’s story servers as a lesson to other drivers, especially during the holiday months.
“These streetways are full of innocent people,” Ida Ruiz said. “You can’t stop in a split second. You are going to take someone’s life forever, or you are going to ruin it forever.”
Japhanie Gray
Japhanie Gray is a reporter with KSAT12 News.
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State Legislatures Put Up Flurry of Roadblocks to Abortion
This article was originally posted on nytimes.com
MIAMI — Oklahoma’s governor this week approved a law extending to 72 hours the mandatory waiting period before a woman can have an abortion. Here in Florida, lawmakers enacted a 24-hour waiting period that requires two separate appointments — one for an ultrasound and information about fetal development and another for the actual procedure.
These are just two laws in a surge of bills passed by Republican-controlled state legislatures this year that make it harder for women to have abortions.
Arkansas led the nation with six new abortion-related laws, including one requiring minors to present a notarized consent from a parent and another saying that a woman more than 20 weeks along must be told that her fetus can feel pain.
Arkansas, along with Arizona, also passed the most novel requirement, requiring doctors to tell patients that drug-induced abortions can be reversed, an assertion that many doctors say is wrong.
The 37 new rules in 11 states are part of a strategy accelerated by abortion opponents in 2011, when provisions restricting abortion access began sweeping state legislatures. More than 200 such laws have passed in the last four years, with Louisiana, Mississippi, Kansas, Oklahoma and Arkansas leading the charge, according to Americans United for Life, an anti-abortion legal group. This year, more than 300 regulations were proposed in 45 states.
And they keep coming: On Thursday, a bill that would ban abortions after 20 weeks was introduced in Wisconsin, where lawmakers proposed a $10,000 fine or 42-month prison sentence for physicians who break the law.
These laws have had a profound effect in states like Texas, where the number of abortion clinics dropped by half because of strict regulations governing their operation.
Advocates of legislation proposed this year say the restrictions are aimed at safeguarding the health of women. Clinics and mainstream medical groups, however, say most of these rules do not improve patient safety and are thinly disguised efforts to discourage women from having abortions and to make them more expensive, which has a disproportionate effect on the poor.
“State legislatures are restricting how doctors provide medical care related to abortion, where doctors can provide that care, what doctors can say to patients when they provide that care and more,” said Suzanne B. Goldberg, the director of Columbia Law School’s Center for Gender and Sexuality Law.
But Anna Paprocki, staff counsel for Americans United for Life, which opposes abortion, said, “The Supreme Court has been clear on this: Not every burden is unconstitutional.” She added, “A lot of the arguments made by the abortion industry against any regulation are red herrings.”
Ms. Paprocki’s group drafted 50 pieces of “model legislation” this year, which made their way to statehouses across the nation. The most frequently proposed bills from these suggestions included limitations on later-term abortions, clinic regulations, hospital admitting privilege requirements for clinic doctors and regulations on abortion-inducing drugs, Americans United for Life said in a report on the 2015 legislative session.
Several states targeted the clinics themselves by instituting costly ways to dispose of fetal remains and requiring doctors to have admitting privileges, according to the Guttmacher Institute, a private research group that supports abortion rights and tracks legislation.
Elizabeth Nash, a senior state policy associate at the Guttmacher Institute, said some states had approved so many kinds of new rules that together they served to make it difficult for women to obtain an abortion.
“In recent years, we have seen a lot become law because of shifts in state legislatures,” Ms. Nash said.
Kansas and Oklahoma recently banned a standard method in second-trimester abortions, in which the fetus is removed in pieces.
Several states have banned the use of telemedicine — treatment by phone or video — in administering abortion-inducing drugs. Arkansas limited the number of weeks that drugs to induce abortion can be used. Like Oklahoma, Arkansas extended the length of the waiting periods before a woman can have an abortion. Like Florida, Tennessee enacted a new waiting period law.
Florida enacted its law, which it calls a “reflection period,” in late April. Abortion providers say it places an undue burden on women who will be required to make two trips to a clinic to end a pregnancy.
“It adds a substantial burden to women’s lives, doubles the amount of time they have to take off work, doubles the child care required, doubles the distance traveled,” said Christopher Estes, the chief medical officer for Planned Parenthood of South Florida and the Treasure Coast. “It really adds time and expense with no medical justification whatsoever.”
Jennifer Sullivan, a freshman legislator who at 23 is the youngest woman in the Florida House, sponsored the bill.
“I have personally seen those women who are being practically dragged to a clinic against their will,” she said.
Dian Alarcón, Florida field organizer at the National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health, told lawmakers that the added obstacles would encourage illegal abortions. She said she herself once had an illegal abortion with no medical care.
Beth Harrison, 33, a personal trainer in Tavares, Fla., testified at a legislative hearing last month that she deeply regretted having an abortion 10 years ago and urged lawmakers to enact the waiting period.
“When they did the ultrasound, the screen was behind me and I happened to turn around and look at it,” Ms. Harrison, who thinks abortion should be illegal, said in an interview. “I saw this baby and I was freaking out.”
There are more than two dozen states that have a mandated waiting period before a woman can have abortion, usually 24 hours, said Michelle Richardson, the director of public policy of the American Civil Liberties Union of Florida.
Florida’s version is more stringent, though, because the first counseling session must be done in person; most allow it to be conducted by phone or electronically. She said advocates plan to fight the law, arguing that it violates the right to privacy ensured in Florida’s Constitution.
“We’ll make the policy arguments about protecting a woman’s right to choose and that hurdles are not in her best interest,” Ms. Richardson said. “The law is just out of hope that it will make it so difficult to have abortion that she won’t do it.”
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(90-1205),
[ White ]
[ O'Connor ]
[ Thomas ]
WordPerfect version HTML version
WordPerfect version
NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the preliminary print of the United States Reports. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Wash ington, D.C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order that corrections may be made before the preliminary print goes to press.
Nos. 90-1205 and 90-6588
UNITED STATES, PETITIONER
90-1205v.
KIRK FORDICE, GOVERNOR OF MISSISSIPPI, et al.
JAKE AYERS, et al., PETITIONERS
90-6588 v. KIRK FORDICE, GOVERNOR OF MISSISSIPPI, et al.
on writs of certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the fifth circuit
Justice White delivered the opinion of the Court.
Mississippi launched its public university system in 1848 by establishing the University of Mississippi, an institution dedicated to the higher education exclusively of white persons. In succeeding decades, the State erected additional post-secondary, single race educational facilities. Alcorn State University opened its doors in 1871 as "an agricultural college for the education of Mississippi's black youth." Ayers v. Allain, 674 F. Supp. 1523, 1527 (ND Miss. 1987). Creation of four more exclusively white institutions followed: Mississippi State University (1880), Mississippi University for Women (1885), University of Southern Mississippi (1912), and Delta State University (1925). The State added two more solely black institutions in 1940 and 1950: in the former year, Jackson State University, which was charged with training "black teachers for the black public schools," id., at 1528; and in the latter year, Mississippi Valley State University, whose functions were to educate teachers primarily for rural and elementary schools and to provide vocational instruction to black students.
Despite this Court's decisions in Brown I and Brown II, Mississippi's policy of de jure segregation continued. The first black student was not admitted to the University of Mississippi until 1962, and then only by court order. See Meredith v. Fair, 306 F. 2d 374 (CA5), cert. denied, 371 U.S. 828, enf 'd, 313 F. 2d 532 (1962) (en banc) (per curiam). For the next 12 years the segregated public university system in the State remained largely intact. Mississippi State University, Mississippi University for Women, University of Southern Mississippi, and Delta State University each admitted at least one black student during these years, but the student composition of these institutions was still almost completely white. During this period, Jackson State and Mississippi Valley State were exclusively black; Alcorn State had admitted five white students by 1968.
In 1969, the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) initiated efforts to enforce Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d. [n.1] HEW requested that the State devise a plan to disestablish the formerly de jure segregated university system. In June 1973, the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning submitted a Plan of Compliance, which expressed the aims of improving educational opportunities for all Mississippi citizens by setting numerical goals on the enrollment of other race students at State universities, hiring other race faculty members, and instituting remedial programs and special recruitment efforts to achieve those goals. App. 898-900. HEW rejected this Plan as failing to comply with Title VI because it did not go far enough in the areas of student recruitment and enrollment, faculty hiring, elimination of unnecessary program duplication, and institutional funding practices to ensure that "a student's choice of institution or campus, henceforth, will be based on other than racial criteria." Id., at 205. The Board reluctantly offered amendments, prefacing its reform pledge to HEW with this statement: "With deference, it is the position of the Board of Trustees . . . that the Mississippi system of higher education is in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964." Id., at 898. At this time, the racial composition of the State's universities had changed only marginally from the levels of 1968, which were almost exclusively single race. [n.2] Though HEW refused to accept the modified Plan, the Board adopted it anyway. 674 F. Supp., at 1530. But even the limited effects of this Plan indisestablishing the prior de jure segregated system were substantially constricted by the state legislature, which refused to fund it until Fiscal Year 1978, and even then at well under half the amount sought by the Board. App. 896-897, 1444-1445, 1448-1449. [n.3]
Private petitioners initiated this lawsuit in 1975. They complained that Mississippi had maintained the racially segregative effects of its prior dual system of post-secondary education in violation of the Fifth, Ninth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Amendments, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1983, and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d. Shortly thereafter, the United States filed its complaint in intervention, charging that State officials had failed to satisfy their obligation under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI to dismantle Mississippi's dual system of higher education.
After this lawsuit was filed, the parties attempted for 12 years to achieve a consensual resolution of their differences through voluntary dismantlement by the State of its prior separated system. The Board of Trustees implemented reviews of existing curricula and program "mission" at each institution. In 1981, the Board issued "Mission Statements" that identified the extant purpose of each public university. These "missions" were clustered into three categories: comprehensive, urban, and regional. "Comprehensive" universities were classified as those with the greatest existing resources and program offerings. All three such institutions (University of Mississippi, Mississippi State, and Southern Mississippi) were exclusively white under the prior de jure segregated system. The Board authorized each to continue offering doctoral degrees and to assert leadership in certain disciplines. Jackson State, the sole urban university, wasassigned a more limited research and degree mission, with both functions geared toward its urban setting. It was exclusively black at its inception. The "regional" designation was something of a misnomer, as the Board envisioned those institutions primarily in an undergraduate role, rather than a "regional" one in the geographical sense of serving just the localities in which they were based. Only the universities classified as "regional" included institu tions that, prior to desegregation, had been either exclusively white — Delta State and Mississippi University for Women — or exclusively black — Alcorn State and Mississippi Valley.
By the mid 1980's, 30 years after Brown, more than 99 percent of Mississippi's white students were enrolled at University of Mississippi, Mississippi State, Southern Mississippi, Delta State, and Mississippi University for Women. The student bodies at these universities remained predominantly white, averaging between 80 and 91 percent white students. Seventy one percent of the State's black students attended Jackson State, Alcorn State, and Mississippi Valley, where the racial composition ranged from 92 to 99 percent black. Ayers v. Allain, 893 F. 2d. 732, 734-735 (CA5 1990) (panel decision).
By 1987, the parties concluded that they could not agree on whether the State had taken the requisite affirmative steps to dismantle its prior de jure segregated system. They proceeded to trial. Both sides presented voluminous evidence on a full range of educational issues spanning admissions standards, faculty and administrative staff recruitment, program duplication, on campus discrimination, institutional funding disparities, and satellite campuses. Petitioners argued that in various ways the State continued to reinforce historic, race based distinctions among the universities. Respondents argued generally that the State had fulfilled its duty to disestablish its state imposedsegregative system by implementing and maintaining good faith, nondiscriminatory race neutral policies and practices in student admission, faculty hiring, and operations. Moreover, they suggested, the State had attracted significant numbers of qualified black students to those universities composed mostly of white persons. Respondents averred that the mere continued existence of racially identifiable universities was not unlawful given the freedom of students to choose which institution to attend and the varying objectives and features of the State's universities.
At trial's end, based on the testimony of 71 witnesses and 56,700 pages of exhibits, the District Court entered extensive findings of fact. The court first offered a historical overview of the higher education institutions in Mississippi and the developments in the system between 1954 and the filing of this suit in 1975. 674 F. Supp., at 1526-1530. It then made specific findings recounting post-1975 developments, including a description at the time of trial, in those areas of the higher education system under attack by plaintiffs: admission requirements and recruitment; institutional classification and assignment of missions; duplication of programs; facilities and finance; the land grant institutions; faculty and staff; and governance. Id., at 1530-1550.
The court's conclusions of law followed. As an overview, the court outlined the common ground in the case: "Where a state has previously maintained a racially dual system of public education established by law, it assumes an `affirmative duty' to reform those policies and practices which required or contributed to the separation of the races." Id., at 1551. Noting that courts unanimously hold that the affirmative duty to dismantle a racially dual structure in elementary and secondary schools also governs in the higher education context, the court observed that there was disagreement whether Green v. New Kent County School Bd., 391 U.S. 430 (1968), applied in all of its aspects to formerly dual systems of higher education, i. e., whether "some level of racial mixture at previously segregated institutions ofhigher learning is not only desirable but necessary to `effectively' desegregate the system." 674 F. Supp., at 1552. Relying on a Fifth Circuit three judge court decision, Alabama State Teachers Assn. (ASTA) v. Alabama Public School and College Authority, 289 F. Supp. 784 (MD Ala. 1968), our per curiam affirmance of that case, 393 U.S. 400 (1969), and its understanding of our later decision in Bazemore v. Friday, 478 U.S. 385 (1986), the court concluded that in the higher education context, "the affirmative duty to desegregate does not contemplate either restricting choice or the achievement of any degree of racial balance." 674 F. Supp., at 1553. Thus, the court stated: "While student enrollment and faculty and staff hiring patterns are to be examined, greater emphasis should instead be placed on current state higher education policies and practices in order to insure that such policies and practices are racially neutral, developed and implemented in good faith, and do not substantially contribute to the continued racial identifiability of individual institutions." Id., at 1554.
When it addressed the same aspects of the university system covered by the fact findings in light of the foregoing standard, the court found no violation of federal law in any of them. "In summary, the court finds that current actions on the part of the defendants demonstrate conclusively that the defendants are fulfilling their affirmative duty to disestablish the former de jure segregated system of higher education." Id., at 1564.
The Court of Appeals reheard the case en banc and affirmed the decision of the District Court. Ayers v. Allain, 914 F. 2d 676 (CA5 1990). With a single exception, see infra, at ___, it did not disturb the District Court's findings of fact or conclusions of law. The en banc majority agreed that "Mississippi was . . . constitutionally required to eliminate invidious racial distinctions and dismantle its dual system." Id., at 682. That duty, the court held, had been discharged since "the record makes clear that Mississippi has adopted and implemented race neutral policies for operating its colleges and universities and that all students have real freedom of choice to attend the college or university they wish . . . ." Id., at 678.
We granted the respective writs of certiorari filed by the United States and the private petitioners. 499 U. S. ___ (1991).
The District Court, the Court of Appeals, and respondents recognize and acknowledge that the State of Mississippi had the constitutional duty to dismantle the dual school system that its laws once mandated. Nor is there any dispute that this obligation applies to its higher education system. If the State has not discharged this duty, it remains in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Brown v. Board of Education and its progeny clearly mandate this observation. Thus, the primary issue in this case is whether the State has met its affirmative duty to dismantle its prior dual university system.
Our decisions establish that a State does not discharge its constitutional obligations until it eradicates policies and practices traceable to its prior de jure dual system that continue to foster segregation. Thus we have consistently asked whether existing racial identifiability is attributable to the State, see, e. g., Freeman v. Pitts, 503 U. S. ___ (1992) (slip op., at 24); Bazemore v. Friday, supra, at 407 (White, J., concurring); Pasadena City Board of Educ. v. Spangler, 427 U.S. 424, 434 (1976); Gilmore v. City of Montgomery, 417 U.S. 556, 566-567 (1974); and examined a wide range of factors to determine whether the State has perpetuated its formerly de jure segregation in any facet of its institutional system. See, e. g., Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell, 498 U. S. ___, ___ (slip op., at 11); Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Bd. of Education, 402 U.S. 1, 18 (1971); Green v. New Kent County School Bd., supra, at 435-438.
The Court of Appeals concluded that the State had fulfilled its affirmative obligation to disestablish its prior de jure segregated system by adopting and implementing race neutral policies governing its college and university system. Because students seeking higher education had "real freedom" to choose the institution of their choice, the State need do no more. Even though neutral policies and free choice were not enough to dismantle a dual system of primary or secondary schools, Green v. New Kent County School Board, supra, the Court of Appeals thought that universities "differ in character fundamentally" from lower levels of schools, 914 F. 2d, at 686, sufficiently so that our decision in Bazemore v. Friday, supra, justified the conclusion that the State had dismantled its former dual system.
Like the United States, we do not disagree with the Court of Appeals' observation that a state university system is quite different in very relevant respects from primary and secondary schools. Unlike attendance at the lower level schools, a student's decision to seek higher education has been a matter of choice. The State historically has not assigned university students to a particular institution. Moreover, like public universities throughout the country, Mississippi's institutions of higher learning are not fungible — they have been designated to perform certain missions. Students who qualify for admission enjoy a range of choices of which institution to attend. Thus, as the Court of Appeals stated, "[i]t hardly needs mention that remedies common to public school desegregation, such as pupil assignments, busing, attendance quotas, and zoning, are unavailable when persons may freely choose whether to pursue an advanced education and, when the choice is made, which of several universities to attend." 914 F. 2d, at 687.
We do not agree with the Court of Appeals or the District Court, however, that the adoption and implementation of race neutral policies alone suffice to demonstrate that the State has completely abandoned its prior dual system. Thatcollege attendance is by choice and not by assignment does not mean that a race neutral admissions policy cures the constitutional violation of a dual system. In a system based on choice, student attendance is determined not simply by admissions policies, but also by many other factors. Although some of these factors clearly cannot be attributed to State policies, many can be. Thus, even after a State dismantles its segregative admissions policy, there may still be state action that is traceable to the State's prior de jure segregation and that continues to foster segregation. The Equal Protection Clause is offended by "sophisticated as well as simple minded modes of discrimination." Lane v. Wilson, 307 U.S. 268, 275 (1939). If policies traceable to the de jure system are still in force and have discriminatory effects, those policies too must be reformed to the extent practicable and consistent with sound educational practices. Freeman, supra, at ___ (slip op., at 21-22; Dowell, supra, at ___ (slip op., at 11); Green, 391 U. S., at 439; Florida ex rel. Hawkins v. Board of Control of Fla., 350 U.S. 413, 414 (1956) (per curiam). [n.4] We also disagree with respondentsthat the Court of Appeals and District Court properly relied on our decision in Bazemore v. Friday, 478 U.S. 385 (1986). Bazemore neither requires nor justifies the conclusions reached by the two courts below. [n.5]
Bazemore raised the issue whether the financing and operational assistance provided by a state university's extension service to voluntary 4 H and Homemaker Clubs was inconsistent with the Equal Protection Clause because of the existence of numerous all white and all black clubs. Though prior to 1965 the clubs were supported on a segregated basis, the District Court had found that the policy of segregation had been completely abandoned and that no evidence existed of any lingering discrimination in either services or membership; any racial imbalance resulted from the wholly voluntary and unfettered choice of private individuals. Bazemore, supra, at 407 (White, J., concurring). In this context, we held inapplicable the Green Court's judgment that a voluntary choice program was insufficient to dismantle a de jure dual system in public primary and secondary schools, but only after satisfying ourselves that the State had not fostered segregation by playing a part in the decision of which club an individual chose to join.
Bazemore plainly does not excuse inquiry into whether Mississippi has left in place certain aspects of its prior dual system that perpetuate the racially segregated higher education system. If the State perpetuates policies and practices traceable to its prior system that continue to have segregative effects — whether by influencing student enrollment decisions or by fostering segregation in other facets of the university system — and such policies are without sound educational justification and can be practicably eliminated, the State has not satisfied its burden of proving that it has dismantled its prior system. Such policies run afoul of the Equal Protection Clause, even though the State has abolished the legal requirement that whites and blacks be educated separately and has established racially neutral policies not animated by a discriminatory purpose. [n.6] Because the standard applied by the District Court did not make these inquiries, we hold that the Court of Appeals erred in affirming the District Court's ruling that the State had brought itself into compliance with the Equal Protection Clause in the operation of its higher education system. [n.7]
Had the Court of Appeals applied the correct legal standard, it would have been apparent from the undisturbed factual findings of the District Court that there are several surviving aspects of Mississippi's prior dual system which are constitutionally suspect; for even though such policies may be race neutral on their face, they substantially restrict a person's choice of which institution to enter and they contribute to the racial identifiability of the eight public universities. Mississippi must justify these policies or eliminate them.
It is important to state at the outset that we make no effort to identify an exclusive list of unconstitutional remnants of Mississippi's prior de jure system. In highlighting, as we do below, certain remnants of the prior system that are readily apparent from the findings of fact made by the District Court and affirmed by the Court of Appeals, [n.8] we byno means suggest that the Court of Appeals need not examine, in light of the proper standard, each of the other policies now governing the State's university system that have been challenged or that are challenged on remand in light of the standard that we articulate today. With this caveat in mind, we address four policies of the present system: admission standards, program duplication, institutional mission assignments, and continued operation of all eight public universities.
We deal first with the current admissions policies of Mississippi's public universities. As the District Court found, the three flagship historically white universities in the system — University of Mississippi, Mississippi State University, and University of Southern Mississippi — enacted policies in 1963 requiring all entrants to achieve a minimum composite score of 15 on the American College Testing Program (ACT). 674 F. Supp., at 1531. The court described the "discriminatory taint" of this policy, id., at 1557, an obvious reference to the fact that, at the time, the average ACT score for white students was 18 and the average score for blacks was 7. 893 F. 2d, at 735. The District Court concluded, and the en banc Court of Appeals agreed, that present admissions standards derived from policies enacted in the 1970's to redress the problem of student unpreparedness. 914 F. 2d, at 679; 674 F. Supp., at 1531. Obviously, this mid passage justification for perpetuating a policy enacted originally to discriminate against black students does not make the present admissions standards any less constitutionally suspect.
The present admission standards are not only traceable to the de jure system and were originally adopted for a discriminatory purpose, but they also have present discriminatory effects. Every Mississippi resident under 21 seeking admission to the university system must take the ACT. Any applicant who scores at least 15 qualifies for automatic admission to any of the five historically white institutions except Mississippi University for Women, which requires a score of 18 for automatic admission unless the student has a 3.0 high school grade average. Those scoring less than 15 but at least 13 automatically qualify to enter Jackson State University, Alcorn State University, and Mississippi Valley State University. Without doubt, these requirements restrict the range of choices of entering students as to which institution they may attend in a way that perpetuates segregation. Those scoring 13 or 14, with some exceptions, are excluded from the five historically white universities and if they want a higher education must go to one of the historically black institutions or attend junior college with the hope of transferring to a historically white institution. [n.9] Proportionately more blacks than whites face this choice: in 1985, 72 percent of Mississippi's white high school seniors achieved an ACT composite score of 15 or better, while less than 30 percent of black high school seniors earned that score. App. 1524-1525. It is not surprising then that Mississippi's universities remain predominantly identifiable by race.
The segregative effect of this automatic entrance standard is especially striking in light of the differences in minimum automatic entrance scores among the regional universities in Mississippi's system. The minimum score for automatic admission to Mississippi University for Women (MUW) is 18; it is 13 for the historically black universities. Yet MUW is assigned the same institutional mission as two other regional universities, Alcorn State and Mississippi Valley — that of providing quality undergraduate education. The effects of the policy fall disproportionately on black students who might wish to attend MUW; and though the disparate impact is not as great, the same is true of the minimum standard ACT score of 15 at Delta State University — the other "regional" university — as compared to the historically black "regional" universities where a score of 13 suffices for automatic admission. The courts below made little if any effort to justify in educational terms those particular disparities in entrance requirements or to inquire whether it was practicable to eliminate them.
We also find inadequately justified by the courts below or by the record before us the differential admissions requirements between universities with dissimilar programmatic missions. We do not suggest that absent a discriminatory purpose different programmatic missions accompanied by different admission standards would be constitutionally suspect simply because one or more schools are racially identifiable. But here the differential admission standards are remnants of the dual system with a continuing discriminatory effect, and the mission assignments "to some degree follow the historical racial assignments," 914 F. 2d, at 692 . Moreover, the District Court did not justify the differing admission standards based on the different mission assignments. It observed only that in the 1970's, the Board of Trustees justified a minimum ACT score of 15 because too many students with lower scores were not prepared for the historically white institutions and that imposing the 15 score requirement on admissions to the historically black institutions would decimate attendance at those universities. The District Court also stated that the mission of the regional universities had the more modest function of providing quality undergraduate education. Certainly the comprehensive universities are also, among other things, educating undergraduates. But we think the 15 ACT test score for automatic admission to the comprehensive universities, as compared with a score of 13 for the regionals, requires further justification in terms of sound educational policy.
Another constitutionally problematic aspect of the State's use of the ACT test scores is its policy of denying automatic admission if an applicant fails to earn the minimum ACT score specified for the particular institution, without also resorting to the applicant's high school grades as an additional factor in predicting college performance. The United States produced evidence that the American College Testing Program (ACTP), the administering organization of the ACT, discourages use of ACT scores as the sole admissions criterion on the ground that it gives an incomplete "picture" of the student applicant's ability to perform adequately in college. App. 1209-1210. One ACTP report presented into evidence suggests that "it would be foolish" to substitute a 3 or 4 hour test in place of a student's high school grades as a means of predicting college performance. Id., at 193. The record also indicated that the disparity between black and white students' high school grade averages was much narrower than the gap between their average ACT scores, thereby suggesting that an admissions formula which included grades would increase the number of black students eligible for automatic admission to all of Mississippi's public universities. [n.10]
The United States insists that the State's refusal to consider information which would better predict college performance than ACT scores alone is irrational in light of most States' use of high school grades and other indicators along with standardized test scores. The District Court observed that the Board of Trustees was concerned with grade inflation and the lack of comparability in grading practices and course offerings among the State's diverse high schools. Both the District Court and the Court of Appeals found this concern ample justification for the failure to consider high school grade performance along with ACT scores. In our view, such justification is inadequate because the ACT requirement was originally adopted for discriminatory purposes, the current requirement is traceable to that decision and seemingly continues to have segregative effects, and the State has so far failed to show that the "ACT only" admission standard is not susceptible to elimination without eroding sound educational policy.
A second aspect of the present system that necessitates further inquiry is the widespread duplication of programs. "Unnecessary" duplication refers, under the District Court's definition, "to those instances where two or more institutions offer the same nonessential or noncore program. Under this definition, all duplication at the bachelor's level of nonbasic liberal arts and sciences course work and all duplication at the master's level and above are considered to be unnecessary." 674 F. Supp., at 1540. The District Court found that 34.6 percent of the 29 undergraduate programs at historically black institutions are "unnecessarily duplicated" by the historically white universities, and that 90 percent of the graduate programs at the historically black institutions are unnecessarily duplicated at the historically white institutions. Id., at 1541. In its conclusions of law on this point, the District Court nevertheless determined that "there is no proof" that such duplication "is directly associated with the racial identifiability of institutions," and that "there is no proof that the elimination of unnecessary program duplication would be justifiable from an educational standpoint or that its elimination would have a substantial effect on student choice." Id., at 1561.
The District Court's treatment of this issue is problematic from several different perspectives. First, the court appeared to impose the burden of proof on the plaintiffs to meet a legal standard the court itself acknowledged was not yet formulated. It can hardly be denied that such duplication was part and parcel of the prior dual system of higher education — the whole notion of "separate but equal" required duplicative programs in two sets of schools — and that the present unnecessary duplication is a continuation of that practice. Brown and its progeny, however, established that the burden of proof falls on the State, and not the aggrieved plaintiffs, to establish that it has dismantled its prior de jure segregated system. Brown II, 349 U. S., at 300. The court's holding that petitioners could not establish the constitutional defect of unnecessary duplication, therefore, improperly shifted the burden away from the State. Second, implicit in the District Court's finding of "unnecessary" duplication is the absence of any educational justification and the fact that some if not all duplication may be practicably eliminated. Indeed, the District Court observed that such duplication "cannot be justified economically or in terms of providing quality education." 674 F. Supp., at 1541. Yet by stating that "there is no proof" that elimination of unnecessary duplication would decrease institutional racial identifiability, affect student choice, and promote educationally sound policies, the court did not make clear whether it had directed the parties to develop evidence on these points, and if so, what that evidence revealed. See id., at 1561. Finally, by treating this issue in isolation, the court failed to consider the combined effects of unnecessary program duplication with other policies, such as differential admissions standards, in evaluating whether the State had met its duty to dismantle its prior de jure segregated system.
We next address Mississippi's scheme of institutional mission classification, and whether it perpetuates the State's formerly de jure dual system. The District Court found that, throughout the period of de jure segregation, University of Mississippi, Mississippi State University, and University of Southern Mississippi were the flagship institutions in the state system. They received the most funds, initiated the most advanced and specialized programs, and developed the widest range of curricular functions. At their inception, each was restricted for the education solely of white persons. Id., at 1526-1528. The missions of Mississippi University for Women and Delta State University (DSU), by contrast, were more limited than their other all white counterparts during the period of legalized segregation. MUW and DSU were each established to provide undergraduate education solely for white students in the liberal arts and such other fields as music, art, education, and home economics. Id., at 1527-1528. When they were founded, the three exclusively black universities were more limited in their assigned academic missions than the five all white institutions. Alcorn State, for example, was designated to serve as "an agricultural college for the education of Mississippi's black youth." Id., at 1527. Jackson State and Mississippi Valley State were established to train black teachers. Id., at 1528. Though the District Court's findings do not make this point explicit, it is reasonable to infer that state funding and curriculum decisions throughout the period of de jure segregation were based on the purposes for which these institutions were established.
In 1981, the State assigned certain missions to Mississippi's public universities as they then existed. It classified University of Mississippi, Mississippi State, and Southern Mississippi as "comprehensive" universities having the mostvaried programs and offering graduate degrees. Two of the historically white institutions, Delta State University and Mississippi University for Women, along with two of the historically black institutions, Alcorn State University and Mississippi Valley State University, were designated as "regional" universities with more limited programs and devoted primarily to undergraduate education. Jackson State University was classified as an "urban" university whose mission was defined by its urban location.
The institutional mission designations adopted in 1981 have as their antecedents the policies enacted to perpetuate racial separation during the de jure segregated regime. The Court of Appeals expressly disagreed with the District Court by recognizing that the "inequalities among the institutions largely follow the mission designations, and the mission designations to some degree follow the historical racial assignments." 914 F. 2d, at 692. It nevertheless upheld this facet of the system as constitutionally acceptable based on the existence of good faith racially neutral policies and procedures. That different missions are assigned to the universities surely limits to some extent an entering student's choice as to which university to seek admittance. While the courts below both agreed that the classification and mission assignments were made without discriminatory purpose, the Court of Appeals found that the record "supports the plaintiffs' argument that the mission designations had the effect of maintaining the more limited program scope at the historically black universities." Id., at 690. We do not suggest that absent discriminatory purpose the assignment of different missions to various institutions in a State's higher education system would raise an equal protection issue where one or more of the institutions become or remain predominantly black or white. But here the issue is whether the State has sufficiently dismantled its prior dual system; and when combined with the differential admission practices and unnecessary program duplication, it is likely that the mission designations interfere withstudent choice and tend to perpetuate the segregated system. On remand, the court should inquire whether it would be practicable and consistent with sound educational practices to eliminate any such discriminatory effects of the State's present policy of mission assignments.
Fourth, the State attempted to bring itself into compliance with the Constitution by continuing to maintain and operate all eight higher educational institutions. The existence of eight instead of some lesser number was undoubtedly occasioned by State laws forbidding the mingling of the races. And as the District Court recognized, continuing to maintain all eight universities in Mississippi is wasteful and irrational. The District Court pointed especially to the facts that Delta State and Mississippi Valley are only 35 miles apart and that only 20 miles separate Mississippi State and Mississippi University for Women. 674 F. Supp., at 1563-1564. It was evident to the District Court that "the defendants undertake to fund more institutions of higher learning than are justified by the amount of financial resources available to the state," id., at 1564, but the court concluded that such fiscal irresponsibility was a policy choice of the legislature rather than a feature of a system subject to constitutional scrutiny.
Unquestionably, a larger rather than a smaller number of institutions from which to choose in itself makes for different choices, particularly when examined in the light of other factors present in the operation of the system, such as admissions, program duplication, and institutional mission designations. Though certainly closure of one or more institutions would decrease the discriminatory effects of the present system, see, e. g., United States v. Louisiana, 718 F. Supp. 499, 514 (ED La. 1989), based on the present record we are unable to say whether such action is constitutionally required. [n.11] Elimination of program duplication and revision of admissions criteria may make institutional closure unnecessary. However, on remand this issue should be carefully explored by inquiring and determining whether retention of all eight institutions itself affects student choice and perpetuates the segregated higher education system, whether maintenance of each of the universities is educationally justifiable, and whether one or more of them can be practicably closed or merged with other existing institutions.
Because the former de jure segregated system of public universities in Mississippi impeded the free choice of prospective students, the State in dismantling that system must take the necessary steps to ensure that this choice now is truly free. The full range of policies and practices must be examined with this duty in mind. That an institution is predominantly white or black does not in itself make out a constitutional violation. But surely the State may not leave in place policies rooted in its prior officially segregated system that serve to maintain the racial identifiability of its universities if those policies can practicably be eliminated without eroding sound educational policies.
If we understand private petitioners to press us to order the upgrading of Jackson State, Alcorn State, and Mississippi Valley solely so that they may be publicly financed, exclusively black enclaves by private choice, we reject that request. The State provides these facilities for all its citizens and it has not met its burden under Brown to take affirmative steps to dismantle its prior de jure system when it perpetuates a separate, but "more equal" one. Whethersuch an increase in funding is necessary to achieve a full dismantlement under the standards we have outlined, however, is a different question, and one that must be addressed on remand.
Because the District Court and the Court of Appeals failed to consider the State's duties in their proper light, the cases must be remanded. To the extent that the State has not met its affirmative obligation to dismantle its prior dual system, it shall be adjudged in violation of the Constitution and Title VI and remedial proceedings shall be conducted. The decision of the Court of Appeals is vacated, and the cases are remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
1 This provision states: "No person in the United States shall, on theground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
2 For the 1974-1975 school year, black students comprised 4.1 percent of the full time undergraduate enrollments at University of Mississippi; at Mississippi State University, 7.5 percent; at University of Southern Mississippi, 8.0 percent; at Delta State University, 12.6 percent; at Mississippi University for Women, 13.0 percent. At Jackson State, Alcorn State, and Mississippi Valley State, the percentages of black students were 96.6 percent, 99.9 percent, and 100 percent, respectively. Brief for United States 7.
3 According to counsel for respondents, it was in this time period — the mid to late 1970s — that the State came into full "compliance with the law" as having taken the necessary affirmative steps to dismantle its prior de jure system. Tr. of Oral Arg. 45.
4 To the extent we understand private petitioners to urge us to focus on present discriminatory effects without addressing whether such consequences flow from policies rooted in the prior system, we reject this position. Private petitioners contend that the State must not only cease its legally authorized discrimination, it must also "eliminate its continuing effects insofar as practicable." Brief for Petitioners in No. 90" 6588, p. 44. Though they seem to disavow as radical a remedy as student reassignment in the university setting, id., at 66, their focus on "student enrollment, faculty and staff employment patterns, [and] black citizens' college going and degree granting rates," id., at 63, would seemingly compel remedies akin to those upheld in Green v. New Kent County School Bd., 391 U.S. 430 (1968), were we to adopt their legal standard. As will become clear, however, the inappropriateness of remedies adopted in Green by no means suggests that the racial identifiability of the institutions in a university system is irrelevant to deciding whether a State such as Mississippi has satisfactorily dismantled its prior de jure dual system or that the State need not take additional steps to ameliorate such identifiability.
5 Similarly, reliance on our per curiam affirmance in Alabama State Teachers Assn. (ASTA) v. Alabama Public School and College Authority, 289 F. Supp. 784 (MD Ala. 1968), aff'd, 393 U.S. 400 (1969) (per curiam), is misplaced. In ASTA, the state teachers association sought to enjoin construction of an extension campus of Auburn University in Montgomery, Alabama. The three judge District Court rejected the allegation that such a facility would perpetuate the State's dual system. It found that the State had educationally justifiable reasons for this new campus and that it had acted in good faith in the fields of admissions, faculty, and staff. 289 F. Supp., at 789. The court also noted that it was "reasonable to conclude that a new institution will not be a white school or a Negro school, but just a school." Ibid. Respondents are incorrect to suppose that ASTA validates policies traceable to the de jure system regardless of whether or not they are educationally justifiable or can be practicably altered to reduce their segregative effects.
6 Of course, if challenged policies are not rooted in the prior dual system, the question becomes whether the fact of racial separation establishes a new violation of the Fourteenth Amendment under traditional principles. Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell, 498 U. S. ___, ___ (1991) (slip op., at 11-12); Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp., 429 U.S. 252 (1977).
7 The Court of Appeals also misanalyzed the Title VI claim. The court stated that "we are not prepared to say the defendants have failed to meet the duties outlined in the regulations." 914 F. 2d, at 687-688, n. 11. The court added that it need not "discuss the scope of Mississippi's duty under the regulations" because "the duty outlined by the Supreme Court in Bazemore controls in Title VI cases." Ibid. It will be recalled, however, that the relevant agency and the courts had specifically found no violation of the regulation in Bazemore. See 478 U. S., at 409 (White, J., concurring). Insofar as it failed to perform the same factual inquiry and application as the courts in Bazemore had made, therefore, the Court of Appeals' reliance on Bazemore to avoid conducting a similar analysis in this case was inappropriate.
Private petitioners reiterate in this Court their assertion that the state system also violates Title VI, citing a regulation to that statute which requires states to "take affirmative action to overcome the effects of prior discrimination." 34 CFR § 100.3(b)(6)(i) (1991). Our cases make clear, and the parties do not disagree, that the reach of Title VI's protection extends no further than the Fourteenth Amendment. See Regents of University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, 287 (1978) (Opinion of Powell, J.); id., at 328 (Opinion of Brennan, White, Marshall, and Blackmun, JJ., concurring in judgment in part and dissenting in part); see also Guardians Assn. v. Civil Service Comm'n of New York City, 463 U.S. 582, 610-11 (1983) (Powell, J., concurring in judgment); id., at 612-613 (O'Connor, J., concurring in judgment); id., at 639-643 (Stevens, J., dissenting). We thus treat the issues in this case as they are implicated under the Constitution.
8 In this sense, it is important to reiterate that we do not disturb the findings of no discriminatory purpose in the many instances in which the courts below made such conclusions. The private petitioners and the United States, however, need not show such discriminatory intent to establish a constitutional violation for the perpetuation of policies traceable to the prior de jure segregative regime which have continuingdiscriminatory effects. As for present policies that do not have such historical antecedents, a claim of violation of the Fourteenth Amendment cannot be made out without a showing of discriminatory purpose. See supra, at ___.
9 The District Court's finding that "[v]ery few black students, if any, are actually denied admission to a Mississippi university as a first time freshman for failure to achieve the minimal ACT score," Ayers v. Allain, 674 F. Supp. 1535 (ND Miss. 1987), ignores the inherent self selection that accompanies public announcement of "automatic" admissions standards. It is illogical to think that some percentage of black students who fail to score 15 do not seek admission to one of the historically white universities because of this automatic admission standard.
10 In 1985, 72 percent of white students in Mississippi scored 15 or better on the ACT, whereas only 30 percent of black students achieved that mark, a difference of nearly 2� times. By contrast, the disparity among grade averages was not nearly so wide. 43.8 percent of white high school students and 30.5 percent of black students averaged at least a 3.0, and 62.2 percent of whites and 49.2 percent of blacks earned at least a 2.5 grade point average. App. 1524-1525. Though it failed to make specific factfindings on this point, this evidence, which the State does not dispute, is fairly encompassed within the District Court's statement that "[b]lack students on the average score somewhat lower[than white students]." 674 F. Supp., at 1535.
11 It should be noted that in correspondence with the Board of Trusteesin 1973, an HEW official expressed the "overall objective" of the Plan to be "that a student's choice of institution or campus, henceforth, will be based on other than racial criteria." App. 205. The letter added that closure of a formerly de jure black institution "would create a presumption that a greater burden is being placed upon the black students and faculty in Mississippi." Id., at 206.
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Subtitle I
§ 3304
41 U.S. Code § 3304 - Use of noncompetitive procedures
(a) When Noncompetitive Procedures May Be Used.—An executive agency may use procedures other than competitive procedures only when—
the property or services needed by the executive agency are available from only one responsible source and no other type of property or services will satisfy the needs of the executive agency;
the executive agency’s need for the property or services is of such an unusual and compelling urgency that the Federal Government would be seriously injured unless the executive agency is permitted to limit the number of sources from which it solicits bids or proposals;
(3) it is necessary to award the contract to a particular source—
to maintain a facility, producer, manufacturer, or other supplier available for furnishing property or services in case of a national emergency or to achieve industrial mobilization;
to establish or maintain an essential engineering, research, or development capability to be provided by an educational or other nonprofit institution or a Federally funded research and development center;
to procure the services of an expert for use, in any litigation or dispute (including any reasonably foreseeable litigation or dispute) involving the Federal Government, in any trial, hearing, or proceeding before a court, administrative tribunal, or agency, whether or not the expert is expected to testify; or
to procure the services of an expert or neutral for use in any part of an alternative dispute resolution or negotiated rulemaking process, whether or not the expert is expected to testify;
the terms of an international agreement or treaty between the Federal Government and a foreign government or an international organization, or the written directions of a foreign government reimbursing the executive agency for the cost of the procurement of the property or services for that government, have the effect of requiring the use of procedures other than competitive procedures;
subject to section 3105 of this title, a statute expressly authorizes or requires that the procurement be made through another executive agency or from a specified source, or the agency’s need is for a brand-name commercial product for authorized resale;
the disclosure of the executive agency’s needs would compromise the national security unless the agency is permitted to limit the number of sources from which it solicits bids or proposals; or
(7) the head of the executive agency (who may not delegate the authority under this paragraph)—
determines that it is necessary in the public interest to use procedures other than competitive procedures in the particular procurement concerned; and
notifies Congress in writing of that determination not less than 30 days before the award of the contract.
(b) Property or Services Deemed Available From Only One Source.—For the purposes of subsection (a)(1), in the case of—
a contract for property or services to be awarded on the basis of acceptance of an unsolicited research proposal, the property or services are deemed to be available from only one source if the source has submitted an unsolicited research proposal that demonstrates a unique and innovative concept, the substance of which is not otherwise available to the Federal Government and does not resemble the substance of a pending competitive procurement; or
(2) a follow-on contract for the continued development or production of a major system or highly specialized equipment, the property may be deemed to be available only from the original source and may be procured through procedures other than competitive procedures when it is likely that award to a source other than the original source would result in—
substantial duplication of cost to the Federal Government that is not expected to be recovered through competition; or
unacceptable delay in fulfilling the executive agency’s needs.
(c) Property or Services Needed With Unusual and Compelling Urgency.—
(1) Allowable contract period.—The contract period of a contract described in paragraph (2) that is entered into by an executive agency pursuant to the authority provided under subsection (a)(2)—
(A) may not exceed the time necessary—
to meet the unusual and compelling requirements of the work to be performed under the contract; and
for the executive agency to enter into another contract for the required goods or services through the use of competitive procedures; and
may not exceed one year unless the head of the executive agency entering into the contract determines that exceptional circumstances apply.
(2) Applicability of allowable contract period.—
This subsection applies to any contract in an amount greater than the simplified acquisition threshold.
(d) Offer Requests to Potential Sources.—
An executive agency using procedures other than competitive procedures to procure property or services by reason of the application of paragraph (2) or (6) of subsection (a) shall request offers from as many potential sources as is practicable under the circumstances.
(e) Justification for Use of Noncompetitive Procedures.—
(1) Prerequisites for awarding contract.—Except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), an executive agency may not award a contract using procedures other than competitive procedures unless—
the contracting officer for the contract justifies the use of those procedures in writing and certifies the accuracy and completeness of the justification;
(B) the justification is approved, in the case of a contract for an amount—
exceeding $500,000 but equal to or less than $10,000,000, by the advocate for competition for the procuring activity (without further delegation) or by an official referred to in clause (ii) or (iii);
exceeding $10,000,000 but equal to or less than $50,000,000, by the head of the procuring activity or by a delegate who, if a member of the armed forces, is a general or flag officer or, if a civilian, is serving in a position in which the individual is entitled to receive the daily equivalent of the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule (or in a comparable or higher position under another schedule); or
exceeding $50,000,000, by the senior procurement executive of the agency designated pursuant to section 1702(c) of this title (without further delegation); and
any required notice has been published with respect to the contract pursuant to section 1708 of this title and the executive agency has considered all bids or proposals received in response to that notice.
(2) Elements of justification.—The justification required by paragraph (1)(A) shall include—
a description of the agency’s needs;
an identification of the statutory exception from the requirement to use competitive procedures and a demonstration, based on the proposed contractor’s qualifications or the nature of the procurement, of the reasons for using that exception;
a determination that the anticipated cost will be fair and reasonable;
a description of the market survey conducted or a statement of the reasons a market survey was not conducted;
a listing of any sources that expressed in writing an interest in the procurement; and
a statement of any actions the agency may take to remove or overcome a barrier to competition before a subsequent procurement for those needs.
(3) Justification allowed after contract awarded.—
In the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (a)(2), the justification and approval required by paragraph (1) may be made after the contract is awarded.
(4) Justification not required.—The justification and approval required by paragraph (1) are not required if—
a statute expressly requires that the procurement be made from a specified source;
the agency’s need is for a brand-name commercial product for authorized resale;
the procurement is permitted by subsection (a)(7); or
the procurement is conducted under chapter 85 of this title or section 8(a) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a)).
(5) Restrictions on executive agencies.—
(A) Contracts and procurement of property or services.—In no case may an executive agency—
enter into a contract for property or services using procedures other than competitive procedures on the basis of the lack of advance planning or concerns related to the amount available to the agency for procurement functions; or
procure property or services from another executive agency unless the other executive agency complies fully with the requirements of this division in its procurement of the property or services.
(B) Additional restriction.—
The restriction set out in subparagraph (A)(ii) is in addition to any other restriction provided by law.
(f) Public Availability of Justification and Approval Required for Using Noncompetitive Procedures.—
(1) Time requirement.—
(A) Within 14 days after contract award.—
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (a), the head of an executive agency shall make publicly available, within 14 days after the award of the contract, the documents containing the justification and approval required by subsection (e)(1) with respect to the procurement.
(B) Within 30 days after contract award.—
In the case of a procurement permitted by subsection (a)(2), subparagraph (A) shall be applied by substituting “30 days” for “14 days”.
(2) Availability on websites.—
The documents referred to in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) shall be made available on the website of the agency and through a Government-wide website selected by the Administrator.
(3) Exception to availability and approval requirement.—
This subsection does not require the public availability of information that is exempt from public disclosure under section 552(b) of title 5.
(Pub. L. 111–350, § 3, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3748; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, § 836(b)(7), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1861.)
Historical and Revision Notes
Source (U.S. Code)
Source (Statutes at Large)
3304(a)
41:253(c), (d)(2).
June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title III, § 303(c)–(f), (j), 63 Stat. 395; July 12, 1952, ch. 703, § 1(m), 66 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 90–268, § 2, Mar. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 49; Pub. L. 98–369, title VII, § 2711(a)(1), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1176; Pub. L. 98–577, title V, § 504(a)(2), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3086; Pub. L. 99–145, title IX, § 961(a)(2), title XIII, § 1304(c)(2), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 703, 742; Pub. L. 103–355, title I, §§ 1053, 1055(a), title VII, § 7203(b)(1)(A), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3261, 3265, 3380; Pub. L. 104–106, title XLI, § 4102(b), title XLIII, § 4321(e)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 643, 674; Pub. L. 104–320, §§ 7(a)(2), 11(c)(2), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3871, 3873; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, § 844(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, § 862(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4546.
3304(b)
41:253(d)(1).
3304(c)
3304(d)
41:253(e).
3304(e)(1)
41:253(f)(1).
3304(e)(3), (4)
3304(f)
41:253(j).
In subsection (a)(7), the words “(who may not delegate the authority under this paragraph)” are substituted for 41:253(d)(2) to move the restriction closer to where it applies.
In subsection (e)(1)(B)(i), the words “advocate for competition” are substituted for “competition advocate” for consistency with section 1705 of the revised title.
In subsection (e)(1)(B)(ii), the reference to section 5376 of title 5 is substituted for the reference to grade GS–16 or above under the General Schedule because of section 529 [title I, § 101(c)(1)] of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101–509, 104 Stat. 1442, 5 U.S.C. 5376 note).
In subsection (e)(5)(B), the words “and not in lieu of” are omitted as unnecessary.
In subsection (f)(2), the words “referred to in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1)” are added for clarity.
Senate Revision Amendment
In subsec. (e)(1)(B)(ii), “for level IV of the Executive Schedule” substituted for “under section 5376 of title 5” by S. Amdt. 4726 (111th Cong.). See 156 Cong. Rec. 18682 (2010).
2018—Subsecs. (a)(5), (e)(4)(B). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “commercial product” for “commercial item”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Jan. 1, 2020, subject to a savings provision, see section 836(h) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of 2018 Amendment; Savings Provision note under section 453b of Title 6, Domestic Security.
General Services Administration: Notification of Use of Noncompetitive Procedures in Response to Public Health Emergency Declaration
Pub. L. 116–136, div. B, title V, § 15003, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 532, provided that:
“Notwithstanding 41 U.S.C. 3304(a)(7)(B), the Administrator, when making a determination that use of noncompetitive procedures is necessary for public interest in accordance with 41 U.S.C. 3304(a)(7)(A) in response to a public health emergency declaration by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247(d) [247d]), is required to notify Congress in writing of that determination not less than 3 days prior to the award of the contract.”
Justification and Approval of Sole-Source Contracts
Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title VIII, § 811, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2405, provided that:
“(a) In General.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009], the Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be revised to provide that the head of an agency may not award a sole-source contract in a covered procurement for an amount exceeding $20,000,000 unless—
the contracting officer for the contract justifies the use of a sole-source contract in writing;
the justification is approved by the appropriate official designated to approve contract awards for dollar amounts that are comparable to the amount of the sole-source contract; and
the justification and related information are made public as provided in sections 2304(f)(1)(C) and 2304(l) of title 10, United States Code, or sections 303(f)(1)(C) and 303(j) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 253(f)(1)(C) and 253(j)) [now 41 U.S.C. 3304(e)(1)(C) and 3304(f)], as applicable.
“(b) Elements of Justification.—The justification of a sole-source contract required pursuant to subsection (a) shall include the following:
A description of the needs of the agency concerned for the matters covered by the contract.
A specification of the statutory provision providing the exception from the requirement to use competitive procedures in entering into the contract.
A determination that the use of a sole-source contract is in the best interest of the agency concerned.
A determination that the anticipated cost of the contract will be fair and reasonable.
Such other matters as the head of the agency concerned shall specify for purposes of this section.
“(c) Definitions.—In this section:
“(1) Covered procurement.—The term ‘covered procurement’ means either of the following:
A procurement described in section 2304(f)(2)(D)(ii) of title 10, United States Code.
A procurement described in section 303(f)(2)(D)(ii) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 ([former] 41 U.S.C. 253(f)(2)(D)(ii)) [see 41 U.S.C. 3304(e)(4)(D)].
“(2) Head of an agency.—The term ‘head of an agency’—
in the case of a covered procurement as defined in paragraph (1)(A), has the meaning provided in section 2302(1) of title 10, United States Code; and
in the case of a covered procurement as defined in paragraph (1)(B), has the meaning provided the term ‘agency head’ in section 309(a) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 259(a)) [now 41 U.S.C. 151].
“(3) Appropriate official.—The term ‘appropriate official’ means—
in the case of a covered procurement as defined in paragraph (1)(A), an official designated in section 2304(f)(1)(B) of title 10, United States Code; and
in the case of a covered procurement as defined in paragraph (1)(B), an official designated in section 303(f)(1)(B) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 253(f)(1)(B)) [now 41 U.S.C. 3304(e)(1)(B)].”
U.S. Code Toolbox
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Trump stumbling in Wisconsin as forces coalesce against him
Scott Bauer and Julie Pace
MADISON, Wis. — Next Tuesday's Wisconsin presidential primary is emerging as a crucial lifeline for Republicans desperate to stop Donald Trump's march to their party's nomination. One of his worst weeks of the 2016 campaign is colliding with a state already skeptical of his brash brand of politics.
A big loss for Trump in Wisconsin would greatly reduce his chances of securing the delegates he needs to clinch the GOP nomination before next July's national convention. It could also offer new hope to rival Ted Cruz and outside groups that see Trump as a threat to the future of the Republican Party.
"I think the whole country is looking to Wisconsin right now to make a choice in this race, and I think the choice Wisconsin makes is going to have repercussions for a long time to come," Cruz said Thursday in an interview with Milwaukee radio station WTMJ.
Trump's view is rosier for his own campaign: "If we win Wisconsin, it's pretty much over."
But almost nothing has gone right for him since Wisconsin stepped into the primary spotlight.
Even before he arrived, Trump was skewered in interviews with a trio of Wisconsin's influential conservative talk radio hosts. On Tuesday, just hours before his first campaign stop, two-term Gov. Scott Walker threw his support behind Cruz, of Texas.
Much of the trouble that followed was of the Trump campaign's own making. Corey Lewandowski, Trump'scampaign manager, got slapped with a charge of simple battery for an altercation with a reporter. Then Trumpwas forced to walk back his assertion that women should be punished for getting abortions, a comment that managed to unite both sides of the abortion debate in fierce opposition to his statement.
"As soon as he stepped foot in Wisconsin the mask finally came off," said state Rep. Jim Steineke, the Republican majority leader in the Wisconsin Assembly. "Part of it is just the Wisconsin nice. We don't take too kindly to people who act the way Donald Trump acts."
GOP voter Linda Ruddy, a 48-year-old dental hygienist from Oshkosh, agreed.
"He's rude. He's arrogant. He's a loose cannon. He's insulting to women," Ruddy said.
A poll run by Marquette University Law School has shown Trump holding steady at around 30 percent in Wisconsin, a level of support that gave him a lead in the state last month. But the latest survey released this week showed Cruz surging past the real estate mogul, topping him by 10 points.
"Everybody is going to want to write that he got taken down," Cruz campaign manager Jeff Roe said of Trump. "The fact is he didn't get taken down. The fact is that we're consolidating."
If Cruz sweeps all the delegates in Wisconsin, Trump will need to win 57 percent of the remaining delegates in other states to collect the 1,237 he needs to clinch the nomination. So far, he has won 48 percent of all delegates awarded.
Wisconsin offers 42, putting it in the middle of the pack of primary prizes. But the state's stature in Republican politics and its position on the calendar — no other state votes until April 19 — have elevated its importance. Though the state has voted for Democrats in the past several presidential elections, it boasts prominent national party leaders including Walker, House Speaker Paul Ryan and Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus.
Anti-Trump groups say they have benefited from the primary calendar. Super PACs and rival campaigns have been able to focus narrowly on Wisconsin for nearly two weeks.
Planned Parenthood and Priorities USA, two groups working to elect Hillary Clinton, have teamed up for their first anti-Trump advertisement of the election year, a 30-second spot playing on websites that featuresTrump's abortion comment.
"When it comes to women, the Republican front-runner is demeaning, insulting and dangerous," the ad reads.
Clinton herself said Thursday in Purchase, New York: "Donald Trump is showing us exactly who he is and we should believe him. But let's remember this, all the Republican candidates want to make abortion illegal."
Trump's rival candidates and outside groups opposing him are slated to spend a combined $3.8 million in advertising in the state. That includes about $1.7 million from Our Principles and Club for Growth Action, a conservative group that has endorsed Cruz.
"We always saw this as a reset period where it would be possible to slow Trump's momentum or reverse it," said Tim Miller, who works for Our Principles PAC.
So far, the billionaire's campaign is slated to spend only about $430,000 on radio and television advertising leading up to the primary, according to data from Kantar Media's Campaign Media Analysis Group.
Trump's largest presence on TV has been an ad that touts his proposed temporary ban on Muslims entering the U.S.
But Trump will soon get some help. A super PAC supporting him said Thursday it would start running two different television ads over the weekend as part of a seven-figure nationwide buy.
And while Wisconsin may provide a much-needed jolt to Trump opponents, the real estate mogul will soon find himself back in friendly territory. The next contest awaiting Republicans comes April 19 in New York, Trump'shome state and one of the biggest delegate prizes up for grabs.
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Church Releases New "General Handbook: Serving in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"
byLindsey Williams | Feb. 19, 2020
The new General Handbook: Serving in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is now available on the Gospel Library app. The handbook is located under the Handbooks and Callings section on the app or online at ChurchofJesusChrist.org.
According to Church Newsroom, the new handbook will only be available digitally and is accessible by the public. Approximately 80 percent of the content in the new handbook is transferred from existing handbooks.
The release also includes an article in the Gospel Library, "General Handbook Frequently Asked Questions."
"The General Handbook is a support resource for those who serve as volunteer leaders in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints," the FAQ reads. "Its primary purpose is to simplify instruction for leading and serving in the Church to further help all of God's children come unto Christ and receive His promised blessings."
► Related Content: BYU and Other CES Schools Update Honor Code Following Handbook Release
Part of the reason for releasing a new handbook is to adapt the handbook to the needs of the global Church. Previous handbooks were written with larger units as the primary audience, according to the FAQ. The new handbook reverses that approach and focuses on the essential programs for every unit in the Church.
"Although members and others are welcome to read the General Handbook, there is no expectation that they do. As in the past, this handbook is primarily intended as a resource for those who are serving in leadership callings," the FAQ reads.
Nine of the 38 chapters have been updated. These chapters, which include significant changes according to the FAQ, include:
1. God’s Plan and Your Role in the Work of Salvation and Exaltation
This chapter is new. "It explains the relationship between (1) God's plan of happiness for His children, (2) our opportunity to participate in His work of salvation and exaltation, and (3) the purposes of the Church."
2. Supporting Individuals and Families in the Work of Salvation and Exaltation
3. Priesthood Principles
This chapter includes "teachings from the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles about how both women and men can exercise delegated priesthood authority in their callings and assignments."
4. Leadership in the Church of Jesus Christ
15. Seminaries and Institutes of Religion
18. Priesthood Ordinances and Blessings
This chapter "includes helpful links and instructional videos that show how to perform the ordinances and blessings."
32. Repentance and Church Membership Councils (as well as policies that support this chapter in 38.6, "Policies on Moral Issues")
This chapter is "a significant revision of the 'Church Discipline' chapter from Handbook 1." The Frequently Asked Questions section explains the seven objectives that guided the revision:
"Use a more ministerial approach and voice. For example, 'disciplinary councils' are now 'membership councils.' 'Disfellowshipment' is now 'formal membership restrictions.' 'Excommunication' is now 'withdrawal of membership.' Instructions are given to bishops and stake presidents about how to compassionately help members as they repent of serious sins."
"Give more emphasis to protecting others when a person poses a physical or spiritual threat."
"Improve structure so the chapter and its procedures can be followed by leaders in a more sequential way."
"Simplify procedures where possible. For example, the high council no longer participates in stake membership councils except in limited situations."
"Provide more guidance about when membership councils would be required, when they may be necessary, and when personal counseling with the bishop or stake president is sufficient."
"Provide more clear and specific definitions of serious sins. Most of these definitions have been moved to the 'Policies on Moral Issues” section (38.6)."
"Increase consistency, particularly among the most difficult matters faced by stake presidents."
36. Creating, Changing, and Naming New Units
37. Specialized Stakes, Wards, and Branches
The handbook will continue to be updated, with the entire book expected to be updated by the end of 2021. New changes will be communicated in notices to Church leaders, and a summary of recent updates will be published with the handbook identifying and linking to significant changes.
The FAQ also includes information about a new section on transgender individuals. "The new transgender section emphasizes that people who identify themselves as transgender should be treated with sensitivity, kindness, compassion, and Christlike love. It explains that most Church participation and some priesthood ordinances are gender neutral. However, priesthood ordination and temple ordinances are received according to birth sex. It provides guidelines for when members who identify as transgender may or may not receive these ordinances. It encourages Church participation for those who identify as transgender."
According to Deseret News, the handbook dates back to 1899 when it was used by stake and ward leaders as a guide to distribute tithing funds. It was first referred to as a “handbook” in 1928. It continued to be added to by leaders until Elder John A. Widstoe rewrote it and published it as the manual "Priesthood and Church Government" in 1939. In the 1970s, it became “The General Handbook of Instructions” and in 1998 it split into two handbooks, “Handbook 1: Stake Presidents and Bishops” and “Handbook 2: Administering in the Church.”
FIND MORE INFORMATION AT Deseret News.
Lead image: ChurchofJesusChrist.org
Lindsey Williams
Lindsey Williams joined the LDS Living team with a passion to find the stories that matter most. Previous stops in her career include BYU-Pathway Worldwide, the Special Projects Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and Utah Valley Magazine. When she's not searching for stories to write, the Colorado Springs native is most likely on a hiking trail. Follow her on Twitter with the handle @lindsey5brooke.
From The Church Policy Church Policy HandbookPolicy,Church Policy,Handbook,From The Church
Church handbook update: Prejudice, policies for members with disabilities, and more topics included
Newsroom of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
From Adam and Eve to Nontraditional Families: 6 Takeaways from the New Church Handbook
3 New Handbook Chapters Released: Primary, Young Women, and Aaronic Priesthood Quorums
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Reading time 19 minutes
Designer Jonathan Anderson speaks with art duo Gilbert & George about agitating the norm
The legendary Gilbert & George reunite with London compatriot Jonathan Anderson to muse about dualities in life and artistic practice.
by Pamela Golbin
As a masterful monochord pair, Gilbert & George flawlessly perform their score where one begins a sentence and the other completes it. They are two voices but one answer.
The so-British artistic couple are matched not only in thought but also in their fixed uniform costumes, which are complementary in colour and have become their brand image since their inauguration in 1967 while studying sculpture at Saint Martin’s School of Art in London.
With his youthful look and rebellious wick, like a wisp in perpetual motion, Northern Irishman Jonathan Anderson seems to be in perfect contrast. He divides his time between his own brand, JW Anderson, and the Spanish luxury house Loewe.
Known for his quirky sartorial signature, Anderson found his latest inspiration in the motto of his fellow compatriot, Oscar Wilde: “The secret of life is in art.” The fashion designer doesn’t hide his admiration for Gilbert & George’s work, though, having collaborated with the duo previously in 2018, and reminds us in passing how much the generations continue to influence each other.
A portrait of Jonathan Anderson.
The designer's debut Spring/Summer 2015 collection for Loewe.
PAMELA GOLBIN: Do you believe there is a relationship between art and fashion?
GILBERT: None. Absolutely none. We never looked at fashion. When we started to walk the streets of London in 1968, we wanted to be ourselves in a big way. That’s why we owned the suits of—
GEORGE: —the suits of our responsibility. As lower-class people, we believe that it’s very important that you put on a suit for an important occasion. If you go out for a job or go to a wedding or a funeral or a christening, you put on a suit. And we believe that every single day of our life is very important.
GEORGE: If you put a suit from every decade of the last hundred years into a computer and you press the average button, it would come up with something like the suits we wear every day. We also quite like Oscar Wilde, who of course said that fashion is horrible, which is why it has to change so often.
Gilbert & George, 2015 © Gilbert & George. Courtesy the artists and Lehmann Maupin, New York and Hong Kong, Seoul, and London.
JONATHAN ANDERSON: Gilbert & George, I was very influenced by your work when I was at university, and I thought our collaboration [in 2018 with JW Anderson] was a very good platform to speak to younger people about it. There’s a beauty in British humor that I’ve always liked. When you look at the early-‘80s series that you did, the men are incredibly seductive. They are people that you want to look up to. Our collaboration was ultimately about my admiration.
PG: Jonathan, you were recently named to the board of the Victoria & Albert Museum in London.
JA: Yes, and it’s interesting Gilbert & George mentioned Oscar Wilde. When I do think of suiting, Oscar Wilde’s chocolate velvet suit stands out, and the V&A just recently acquired it. George, you’re very right. Other than lapels and the waist, the suit has had really only subtle changes throughout the last hundred years.
GEORGE: We always want to stand out and blend in at the same time. There’s also an enormous practicality to suits: you are hardly ever searched at airports, and you can get a table at any restaurant in the world.
GILBERT: It was very important that from the beginning we were not making the art. We were the art.
The art duo performing “The Singing Sculpture” in 1992.
PG: Could you say that wearing your “Sunday best” has allowed you to get away with murder?
GILBERT: Oh we do! We still do get away with murder, yes. We were able to hide in a big and fantastic way.
GEORGE: Dressed like this we can do whatever we want. The city suit is the modern version of the Norman Knight. It’s male armor, yes?
JA: Yes! I always think the inside of a suit is so fascinating. I am particularly attracted to the chest’s canvas: the sponginess and the horse hair. There’s something about the materials that, when put together, become this strange-like membrane.
“Trapped,” 1980, by Gilbert & George; “Union Dance,” 2008, by Gilbert & George.
PG: For you, Jonathan, what is fashion’s role?
JA: I grew up in Northern Ireland. Fashion was never really embraced as much. Clothing for me really became a form of a weapon. We all become characters in some way when we’re going to work or going for a night out. Fashion can be used for comfort and excess or it can be used as a way of protecting oneself. Ultimately, it can be a very powerful character tool. I like sitting in a park and seeing what people are wearing. I am interested in their attitude, in what makes them hold themselves. Fashion is powerful in the way that you can really tell the period that you’re in.
GILBERT: But for us, fashion is against our religion. It really is because we made the decision to put our suits on and, like a monk, it’s for life.
GEORGE: We also realized many, many years ago as baby artists that the young people in the city of London who wore suits had to throw them out every two years. They had to buy new suits to stay fashionable while we always had the same one.
GEORGE: Not completely the same but roughly the same all the time.
Two looks from the Loewe Fall/Winter 2020 men’s show.
PG: Whereas Gilbert & George are two people but one artist, Jonathan, you are one designer with a double persona. You design for both your own brand, JW Anderson, and the Spanish luxury house Loewe.
JA: I don’t know if you’ve seen the movie Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory with Gene Wilder, who, as Willy, has to be told not to do something to do it. I don’t believe that clothing is either for a man or a woman. It is what you feel that you want to put on.
All of this came through when I was a young kid and would go shopping with my mother, who would say, “A woman’s closure goes one way and a man’s closure goes the other.” That felt ridiculous to me, and it led me to go out and agitate the norms with JW. At Loewe, I feel like I’m a chic-er form of myself.
That is if I was to become calmer or more respectful. And the best part is that I have the Eurostar to get myself into character by the time I get to [Loewe’s headquarters in] Paris.
A sweater, bag, and jacket from the 2018 JW Anderson x Gilbert & George capsule collection.
PG: Gilbert & George, you have been working on a series of works entitled the New Normal. How has that process been?
GEORGE: We’re very excited. We really feel that we’ve “hit it off,” as they say.
GILBERT: The idea came from walking the streets of Spitalfields. We wanted to find a name that could explain “existentialism” in English. And it’s not “normal,” normal would be that. We always call the new pictures “new,” so New Normal pictures.
It was very important that from the beginning we were not making the art. We were the art. —Gilbert
PG: The pandemic has caused incredible disruption both in the art and fashion worlds. The art fairs are now viewing rooms and fashion are phygital endeavors. How has this changed your processes?
GILBERT: It hasn’t at all because at the moment we have full exhibitions still going on, so we’ve been working day and night. We never stopped for one single day through the entire pandemic, not once.
JA: Well, fashion has really changed. I think it was coming to the end of its cycle anyway, and the coronavirus obliterated it. It has marked fashion in the face and said, “It’s time to change.” It’s a scary moment for fashion, but at the same time I find it quite liberating. I have more time to contemplate on clothing and even read more. What I have found very challenging at the moment, especially living in London, is the widening economic distance between people.
GEORGE: Our main message has always been that never in our lifetimes have people been more privileged than as now. We are all spoiled brats!
“Bloody Mooning,” 1996, by Gilbert & George.
PG: What can we do about it?
GEORGE: The artist is not here to congratulate them or pat them on the back for being the way they are. The artist is here to show them that there are other possible ways.
GILBERT: We like the idea of confronting the viewer to its difficult sorts. That for us is art.
GEORGE: We are often asked why we want to be provocative. We’re not provocative, certainly not. We would never like to be provocative—we simply want to provoke thought.
PG: “Art for All ” has been your motto for a long time.
GILBERT: We came to that title in 1969. We wanted to make art that everybody was able to read or get something out of.
PG: Do you think there can be a “Fashion for All” or something similar?
JA: I do. Sometimes fashion can be very easily pigeonholed into an elite art form, but whether we like it or not we are all involved in fashion. We all interact with it on a daily basis. I do think we are indirectly involved in this weird public experiment of dressing up.
GILBERT: Fashion is enormous. It’s much bigger than art because everybody wants to dress up as a big queen and walk the streets of London, no? That’s it. And art is just a referee in some way. We all want to be different. We don’t want to be the same, except us.
Fashion can be used for comfort and excess or it can be used as a way of protecting oneself. Ultimately, it can be a very powerful character tool. —Jonathan Anderson
PG: Jonathan, how do you see your creative role?
JA: I see myself as curating ideas, bringing different people into rooms to collaborate on different projects. Loewe has an art foundation that promotes and awards prizes in the fields of poetry, dance, photography, and arts and craft. And I think it’s very important. One of my biggest heroes is William Morris, and I always thought that he was really about putting craftspeople first.
Initially, Loewe began as a German cooperative of craftspeople. To this day, the descendants of the original generation are still working at the factory. Ultimately, they’re master craftsmen. They tell me what to do, because they know how to work with the medium of leather, which is incredibly difficult. It is something that was alive, and then has to be reengineered into another shape.
It is a skill that is learned and passed on from generation to generation.
GILBERT: We have been quite involved with the Arts and Crafts movement. We probably have one of the biggest collections of that period.
GEORGE: Our art is handmade, but nobody will see that and we don’t want them to, anyway. We want them to think that it’s shot straight from the heads and the sex onto the wall.
JA: I’ve been very privileged to come to your home and have seen the kind of paradox between Arts and Crafts and your external vision. It has this madness in the juxtaposition.
Loewe’s Spring/Summer 2018 campaign photographed by Steven Meisel.
PG: How does seduction play into your work?
GEORGE: Very important. We want to seduce the viewer. We want the viewer to at least say, “What the hell am I supposed to think?” We want them to go away and be different. We like it when the elderly gentleman with two walking sticks comes over and says, “This is a tremendous exhibition as it sure scares the hell out of me.” We want to affect.
GILBERT: And we do.
PG: What is the importance of luck in your life and in your work?
GILBERT: Ah! Fate! It’s all about accidents with fate. Everything that we do is by accident and nothing else. What do you think, George?
GEORGE: When we go to the studio to create new pictures, we go empty-headed. We lift the pictures out from inside of ourselves without being conscious of what we’re doing. If we were conscious in our planning, we would never do the pictures that we do.
"Playboy,” 2011, by Gilbert & George.
PG: Jonathan, in 2016 you curated an exhibition, Disobedient Bodies. What was that like?
JA: I was asked by the Barbara Hepworth museum in Wakefield to collaborate on an exhibition project. At the same time, a museum institution in London invited me to do a retrospective. I thought it was a very strange thing to do at my age at the time. It was also during an odd political moment in Britain.
I was fed up with everything in London and with big institutions, so I decided that it was better to do it in Wakefield because I felt it was about not making it so London-centric. I came up with the idea of looking at how artists, fashion designers, architects, potters, and dancers interpreted the body including works from Eileen Gray to Jean Arp. It was a strange process. It took three years to do the show and complete it, but it was an amazing experience.
PG: What did you explore with this show?
JA: I was looking at how classical sculpture has been based around our interpretations of the body. I like the idea of ornamentation; that the body becomes this sort of vessel. You’re decorating a precious object which is the human form. For me, the show was about breaking the rules. I learned the importance of breaking them in any art form to find oneself.
Images from Disobedient Bodies, the exhibition curated by Jonathan Anderson at The Hepworth Wakefield.
PG: How do you define beauty and what is its role in your work?
GEORGE: We always say that beauty is there to carry the message. And the colors and shapes are never there to please. They’re there to serve the purpose of bringing the message from us to the viewer.
GILBERT: What is good and what is bad is changing every single day, every time. And we want to be part of that, deciding it.
GEORGE: Laws are changing all over the world, all the time. Culture is the greatest force. We always say “ban religion” and “decriminalize sex.” Those are our two main mottos.
GILBERT: We want to free ourselves from religion.
We’re not provocative, certainly not. we would never like to be provocative—we simply want to provoke thought. —George
GEORGE: I’m always amazed when people ask what we mean by that. They don’t know that as we speak now, there are people lying on the floor of police cells in more than a hundred countries all over the world, famished, without knowing whether they will be executed or not just for having sex.
It’s the same with banned religion. We know it’s true because one day we had a knock on our door. It was an elderly clergyman that said, “We love that thing you’re doing, ‘Ban religion,’ it’s marvelous.” I said, “Thank you very much, perhaps you can tell me why you think that?”“Oh, it’s very simple,” he said.
“I’m getting on with my congregation on Sunday. They’re all friends of mine, and are rather religious, but I don’t want them to be religious. I want them to be good.” Great moment.
JA: You guys are so generous and so giving. I think that’s why I love you. When I look at your work, I’m just teleported. There is not much art out there that is so generous. I can sit in front of one of your works with full pleasure and leave with pleasure. It’s incredibly humbling and remarkable.
Details from the JW Anderson Fall/Winter 2020 men’s show.
PG: How did you find your signatures?
GEORGE: Well that’s a very interesting and simple story. Unlike the other students, when we left university, we didn’t have a family safety net. We didn’t have any money, but we knew that we were artists. We wandered the streets of London to find life. We were walking near the Euston station, and found a shop selling second-hand things, all the unwanted bits: lampshades, last year’s telephone, and all the detritus of human life. Inside we found a record, which was called Underneath the Arches.
We thought that it was very strange; very near where we lived at the time, there were tramps underneath the arches like that. We took it to a friend who had a gramophone, and we were astonished. The lyrics identified with how we saw life every day in the East End of London. “The risk we never signed for, the culture they can keep, there’s only one place that I know and...”
GILBERT & GEORGE: [Together singing] “...That is where we sleep. Underneath the arches, I dream my dreams away. Underneath the arches, on cobblestones we lay, every night you’ll find me, tired out and worn...”
GEORGE: And that was the moment we found life.
GILBERT: After that we never changed.
GEORGE: Art was life and life was art. All together.
JA: I don’t think I’d ever be able to beat that act! I feel like I still haven’t found my signature style yet. There’s always a kind of search for something.
jonathan-anderson
art-installation
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See how these boys style their Christian Louboutin Loubishark sneakers
See how Jam Hsiao, Fandy Fan, Li Tim, Lawrence Wong and more style their Christian Louboutin Loubishark sneakers.
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Home » First World War » 1/18th Battalion in the First World War » September 1916
Chapter 7 – The Somme.
To the Somme.
The 141st Brigade Operational Orders for 10th September 1916 intimated that the Brigade would relieve 3rd Brigade in the support brigade area on 11th September. One officer per battalion was detailed to proceed to the 3rd Brigade Headquarters in Happy Valley where guides would indicate the area to be occupied.
After reconnoitring the position, the officers were to return to Fricourt Circus to lead in their respective units. In accordance with orders, at 8am on 11th September, the London Irish moved half a mile southwards from Bresle to the Amiens-Albert road and then marched eastwards towards the battle line. A journey of approximately four miles brought the troops into Albert. The town was famed throughout the British Army for the gilded figure of the Virgin and Child, which surmounted the fabric of the Cathedral and some injury to the anchorage of the statue had caused the figure of the Madonna to bend over from its base in a horizontal plane. Thus, the thousands of troops that marched along the road towards the battle area beheld the dramatic spectacle of the Virgin with outstretched arms seemingly holding out the Holy Child for their view. The troops took great interest in the statue as it was popularly believed that the war would end when the figure fell.
After leaving Albert, the Battalion moved by platoons at 200 yard intervals and eventually, in company with the remainder of the Brigade, reached the “Y” support area, which was situated in and around Bottom and Mametz Woods.
It was impossible to escape the signs of war: villages were flattened heaps of rubble, the ruined fields slashed and scarred with derelict trenches; the woods, a sorry conglomeration of tangled and splintered timber. All around were masses of troops, transport and guns and it was not difficult to appreciate that here was the fringe of the area in which the greatest battle in the history of the world was being fought.
The Situation.
The attack on the Somme, which opened on 1st July 1916 was one of a number of offensive operations planned by the Allied Powers to take place during 1916. In Russia and Italy, heavy assaults were to be launched against the Central Powers, while in France, the British and French were to embark on a large scale attack north and south of the river Somme.
In May 1916, the Central Powers forestalled the Allies, by an Austrian attack in the Trentino, which achieved a great deal of success – the Italians being forced back to Asiero and Asiago. On the Western Front in February, the Germans, under Crown Prince William, delivered what was to be a knockout blow against the French at Verdun. The desperate resistance of the French against the repeated assaults of the Germans entailed enormous losses on both sides and the French Division – which were originally intended for use in the offensive on the south side of the Somme were gradually drawn away and employed in the Verdun battlefields.
In June, the Russians attacked in Galicia and their success materially aided in reducing the enemy pressure at Verdun. The British offensive on the Somme, which was to been complementary to the proposed French attacks, was, by force of circumstance, to become of first rate importance.
Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, the Commander in Chief, launched attacks with the intention of relieving the pressure at Verdun, preventing the dispatch of enemy troops to the other theatres of war and wearing down the strength of the enemy.
During the whole of July and August, pressure against the Germans on the Somme was maintained and fearful casualties on both sides were suffered, important strategical results were obtained but, in proportion to the expenditure of men and materials, territorial gains were small. No spectacular breakthrough was achieved owing to the absence of the surprise element, the strength of the enemy positions and the skills and courage of the defenders – notably at Thiepval, Guillemont, Delville Wood and High Wood.
The Attack Plan.
The forward movement, in which the 47th Division was to participate, was to be carried out by the 4th Army (General Rawlinson) and comprised an attack on the enemy defences between Combles and Martinpuich with the objective of seizing Morval Les Boeufs, Guedecourt and Flers.
Three Army Corps were employed:
3rd Corps on the left,
14th Corp in the centre, and
15th Corps on the right.
The 14th and 15th Corps were to attack in a northerly direction, while the 3rd Corps secured the high ground on the left and formed a hinge in which the 14th and 15th Corps could swing forward in a north easterly direction.
47th Division comprised the right flank division of the 3rd Corps and it was hoped that the assault by the 4th Army, which was to be pressed home with the utmost vigour, would result in a decisive victory and would open the country for the use of cavalry. This optimism was based on the assumption that, for two and a half months, the enemy had been worn down, his morale was shaken and that there were few fresh reserves available.
On the 3rd Corps front, 50th and 47th Divisions were in the line on the left and right respectively – with the object of seizing the high ground, (ie Martinpuich-High Wood) and establishing a strong defensive flank to protect the advance of the troops. On the right, the task of the 47th Division comprised an attack on a two brigade front with 141st Brigade on the left and 140th Brigade on the right, the first objective was the Switch Line and the High Wood; the second objective was Starfish and Flag Lane; the third objective, the Division was required to take was the Cough Drop, Drop Alley and Flers Line.
141st Brigade had two battalions in the front line: London Irish (18th Battalion) on the left and the 17th Battalion on the right, The 17th and 18th Battalions were required to take the enemy front line on their frontage and High Wood. The second objective of the Brigade – the Starfish Line – was to be assaulted by the 19th Battalion on the left and 20th Battalion on the right.
These Battalions were to advance from their assembly positions at zero and occupy the front line trenches, vacated by the 18th and 17th Battalions respectively. At 40 minutes after zero, they were to move forward over no-man’s land, pass through 17th and 18th Battalions and, following paper trails laid by the 17th and 18th Battalion, through the wood and, under the protection of an artillery barrage, capture the second objective.
Two hours after zero, the 19th Battalion and the 20th Battalions were to advance again, behind a protecting barrage, with a view to seizing the third objective: the enemy works knows as the Coughdrop, this being the 20th Battalion’s task. The 17th and 18th Battalions were required to mop up all enemy groups in High Wood prior to the advance by the 19th and 20th Battalions to the second objective and the latter Battalions were to leave a trench garrison in the second objective before advancing on to the third line.
Artillery preparation commenced with a bombardment on 12th September, which continued at intervals up to the day of assault. On the day of assault, the artillery fire was to become intense and a barrage placed 150 yards beyond the front line. At zero plus one minute, the barrage was to move into the Wood at the rate of 50 yards a minute until it had crept further forward to a point 150 yards in the rear of the first objective – where it was to remain until one hour after zero. For the attack on the second objective, the barrage was to move on from zero plus one hour and eventually stop on an east and west line through the Coughdrop. For the final assault, the barrage was to be substituted by an intense field artillery fire at two hours after zero. On lifting off the third objective, the guns were required to form a barrage 200 yards beyond the objective.
Orders for given for the concentration of strong points and for machine guns to be pushed up during the attack. In addition to the artillery fire, overhead machine gun fire was to be provided. Four machine guns were to fire from a position selected near Bazentin-le-Petit and four were to engage the enemy from a position to be chosen, in the vicinity of the windmill west of Longueval.
Contact aeroplanes were ordered to fly over the battle area as soon as light permitted and flares were to be ignited by the troops to indicate the progress of the assault, on request, or when signalled for, by Very lights fired from the planes. To assist the advance and in any necessary mopping up, four tanks were to precede the infantry. These tanks were timed to reach the objectives four to five minutes before the assaulting Battalions – and were to pass through “lanes” 10 yards wide in the barrage. Specific instructions were given, however, for the programme of the assault to be carried through by the infantry irrespective of any failure by the tanks.
Bois de Foureaux, better known as High Wood, had an evil reputation. On the verge of being captured on 14th July by the 7th Division, it had remained in enemy hands despite repeated attacks. Division after Division had, after heroic efforts, recoiled from its bloody ramparts leaving the flower of their ranks dead and dying in the waste of shell torn earth and wire that constituted no-man’s land.
The Wood was the key to a considerable portion of the German defences and the resolute enemy defenders had, by their skilful dispositions and successful use of a concentration of machine guns and artillery, held their own against all comers. The grisly heaps of human debris which encumbered the maze of trenches in front of the Wood testified alike to the determination of the British High Command to secure the Wood and to a parallel like determination on the part of the defenders to contest every inch of ground. Two months of sanguinary effort had advanced the British line to a point, which took in the southern half of the Wood.
Of the Wood, very little wood remained but a miserable aggregation of charred and splinted tree stumps and made hideous by putrefaction, lingering gas fumes and the reek of high explosive. The spectacle was one of overwhelming ruin and corruption.
The task facing the 47th Division was of no mean order and its character was realised by all ranks. Great hopes were held that the tanks would give a good account of themselves and that, with their aid, the Division would succeed in taking and holding their objective according to plan. On the afternoon of the 14th September, the 140th and 141st Infantry Brigades relieved the 142nd Brigade in the High Wood sector. The London Irish reached Rendall Avenue at 315pm and, thereupon, took over the left sub-Sector with two companies in the front line and the new assembly trenches and two in reserve in the length of Chester Street – which ran north west from the junction of Chester Street with Rendall Avenue.
The Battle for High Wood.
17th Battalion took over the right sub-Section in the front line, 19th Battalion moved up to Mill Street and 20th Battalion moved to the north east corner of Mametz Wood in readiness for their forward movement later.
So far as the London Irish was concerned, the relief passed off smoothly and no casualties were incurred up to midnight of 14th/15th September. During the night, there was sporadic sniping and some shell fire. Patrols moved about in no-man’s land and final preparations for the assault were completed. The four tanks, which were to accompany the Brigade, moved up and reported that they had reached their starting point and were ready to advance at the time appointed: 620am on the 15th.
At 620am precisely, the artillery barrage opened on the first objective. Almost immediately, despite the fine brightness of the morning, smoke emitted by the shells obscured the enemy front line, making observation impossible.
On the London Irish front and the front of the 17th Battalion, the two tanks, which should have preceded the assault moved forward, but one tank stuck in the front line and other was unable to make progress over the battered tree trunks and came to a standstill just outside the front line.
Despite the failure of the tanks, the attack was launched and, at 630am precisely, the leading waves of London Irish and 17th Battalion emerged from the trenches, followed by the remainder of the assaulting troops. Owing to the close proximity of the enemy line and the special arrangement for leaving wide lanes in the artillery fire so as to prevent injury to the tanks, the curtain of fire, under which the infantry advanced, was inadequate.
Lieut AJ Cunningham DCM.
On the London Irish front, the artillery assistance was almost negligible and, as the inevitable result, the enemy machine guns were able to pour an intense fire into the attacking waves and as soon as the men crossed the parapet, thy were mown down. Captain Maginn, Lt Cunningham and the Bombing Officer gallantly led the rushes but were knocked out. Captain Maginn being killed instantly and Lt Munro was so severely wounded after crawling round trying to aid the wounded, that he died a few days later.
All along the front of High Wood, the enemy machine guns were intact and accurate fire inflicted enormous casualties. The attack of the 17th and 18th Battalion and also the left of the 140th Brigade (15th Battalion) collapsed.
The survivors, raking cover in shell holes doggedly engaged the enemy with their rifles but could not obtain anything like the superiority of fire against the German machine guns, which swept the intervening ground with terrible persistence and accuracy.
Lt-Col AP Hamilton, Commanding Officer of the 19th London Regiment and the London Irish’s Adjutant, immediately organised a number of men and made a gallant attempt to rush the enemy front line but was unsuccessful. Col Hamilton was killed at once together with every man who went forward with him.
Captain PAC Maginn MC.
Elsewhere, the attack achieved some success and, on the left, 50th Division, made good progress except where their right was exposed. On the right of the 47th Division’s front, part of the 15th Battalion and the 7th Battalion went forward and gained ground. Meanwhile, the enemy artillery was pouring a raging torrent of high explosive and shrapnel into the line. After consultation, it was decided to attempt to turn the enemy’s positions in the Wood by bombing round the flanks and the situation, and the outflanking proposals, were reported to Brigade and artillery assistance was requested. 141st Brigade ordered 19th Battalion to work round the left and 20th Battalion to work round the right. In conjunction with the turning movement on the flanks, the 17th Battalion and the London Irish were ordered to make a further frontal attack.
Major JR Trinder MC.
The combined frontal and flanking attacks were successful and, between 9 and 10am, the enemy along the London Irish front of the Wood and elsewhere began to surrender. However, snipers in shell holes and strong points in the Wood continued to harass the advance and Major JR Trinder, the London Irish Commanding Officer, was shot through the head while superintending the removal of the prisoners.
Troops of the 19th and 20th Battalions and the 8th Battalion, moving up as second assaulting troops, became involved in the fighting as enemy groups still held out in the Wood. 140th Trench Mortar Battery rendered very valuable assistance by firing 750 rounds into the Wood in 15 minutes and, a bombardment between 11 and 1130am, arranged for the Brigade against the north western portion of the Wood, was most effective. By 1225pm, the whole of High Wood was captured and several hundred Germans were taken prisoner together with six machine guns and two howitzers. The 141st Brigade was severely depleted by casualties and the survivors were scattered about the Wood in shell holes and trenches. Under a very heavy shell fire, they were hastily reorganised as one composite Battalion and, under the command of Lt Col Norman of 17th Battalion, they were sent forward to the first objective with orders to consolidate.
Major BMc M Mahon came up and took command of the remnants of the London Irish and, in conjunction with other units, the men consolidated the line 150 yards east of the Wood. The enemy shell fire considerably hampered the work but all ranks worked extremely well in spite of the very difficult and trying circumstances.
In front of the 140th Brigade, 7th Battalion and two Companies of the 15th Battalion occupied the first objective and men of the 9th Battalion linked up with the New Zealanders on the right and advanced to their objective: Flag Lane. By early afternoon, 6th Battalion had passed through 8th Battalion and were well forward; 24th and 21st Battalion, under the command of Lt-Col Kenny, were moving up with a view to seizing the second objective; 50th Division intimated that they were moving forward to the Starfish Line.
The 24th Battalion, on the 141st Brigade front, and 21st Battalion on the right, attacked in the evening at about 6pm, under very heavy shell fire and without adequate covering fire. Heavy casualties occurred and the attack failed. 24th Battalion dug themselves in on a line about 200 yards beyond the first objective. 21st Battalion failed to take the Starfish and a portion of the Starfish Line to the westward. The exact disposition of the 24th Battalion was uncertain and London Irish patrols went out to establish the position. When night fell, consolidation and reorganisation was proceeded with as soon as possible.
During the day, the Division had sustained heavy casualties: those of the London Irish alone totalling 223 all ranks. The survivors of the London Irish, together with the remainder of 141st Brigade, spent the night of 15th/16th and the following day digging and consolidating a new line 200 yards in front of the Starfish Line. In consequence of heavy shell fire, it was not possible to connect the new trench on the right flank with 17th Battalion but this point was continuously patrolled and protected by a concentration of machine guns.
On the Divisional front, the task set for 16th September comprised the capture of a ridge running north east from High Wood to a point above Flers and Eaucourt L’Abbaye. The attack was made by three companies of the 23rd Battalion and one company of 22nd Battalion in waves and in excellent order. The Coughdrop, in which some of the men of 6th Battalion were found, was quickly passed and trenches in the immediate vicinity cleared of the enemy. Thereafter, the attack moved off its course and, although the left halted on its objective, the centre and right pushed forward until broken up.
The bulk of the 23rd Battalion were never seen again. The attack was misdirected, owing to inaccurate information as to the position occupied by the troops on the right flank of the Division and the 140th Brigade front line although confusion was excusable on account of the featureless nature of the ground and to the maze of trenches, old and new, which had to be traversed.
At 4pm, 142nd Brigade was ordered to take over the line held by 141st Brigade and, in the early hours of 17th September, 141st Brigade withdrew into the support area. The London Irish were relieved about 4am and moved back to Mametz Wood and, in the afternoon, a welcome draft of 96 other ranks reported.
To free troops of 140th and 142nd Brigades, at 438pm on 17th September, 141st Brigade was ordered by Division to take over the line of the first objective and, at 10pm, the London Irish relieved the 24th Battalion in the line east of High Wood.
Heavy rain set in on the evening of the 17th and the conditions of the ground rapidly deteriorated. Operations designed to secure Drop Alley and its junction with the Flers line were postponed – on account of the weather and the state of the ground – from 750pm on 17th September to 550am on the 18th and the attack on the Starfish Line was put back until 445am on 18th September.
The attack on Drop Alley and the Flers Line succeeded but the enemy retained possession of the actual junction of the Flers Line with Drop Alley. The attack on the Starfish Line, west of the Starfish redoubt, made in the darkness of early morning also succeeded, although the enemy counter attacked and reoccupied a good deal of the line but the ground was, however, made good later.
The exact situation of the posts and the disposition and strength of the various groups of men in the forward area was ill defined. Accurate location finding was made very difficult due to the maze of criss-cross trenches and by the absence of any dominating feature which might be used to assist identification. In these circumstances, constant reconnaissance work was necessary and many obscurities were cleared up by the valuable reports made by London Irish patrols sent out by Captains Totten and Watson.
19th September was a thoroughly uncomfortable day of shell fire and drenching rain and the trenches were converted into slushy ditches and no-man’s land into a sea of mud. On this day, the Battalion reported to Brigade:
“During the last 24 hours weather conditions have impeded work on the trenches very considerably. In many places, men are up to their knee in mud and water, Work is being carried on to keep the trenches as good as possible under the circumstances. There is a great deal of water in the front line. Sandbag dumps have been made by all companies and immediately the ground is possible to work on, re-vetting will be commenced.”
Intelligence.
“Last night was quite quiet except for intermittent shelling. There are snipers out in shell holes in front of our lines. One was thought to be spotted about three hundred yards in front and a patrol went out but was unable to locate him.
About 1030, there was persistent shelling of our front and support lines resulting in several casualties. Patrol reports that the new trench, commenced by Pioneer Battalion, averaged four feet deep and two and a half foot broad. Patrol reports that it runs about 300 yards in front of our present front line. Maps of the position and particulars of how garrisoned are attached. Machine gun on either flanks of the front line and two in support.
G Skevington
Captain and Adjutant
19th Sept 1916, 1225pm. “
Relief from the Battle and the Cost to the Battalion.
At 2am on 20th September, the 1st Cameron Highlanders took over the line held by the 18th, 19th and 20th Battalions. Dog tired and plastered from head to foot in mud, the men of the London Irish set out for billets. The troops moved along the path by the side of Bedford Trench, along High Alley and through Bazentin-le-Grand and the centre of Mametz Wood to Bottom Wood. At the Transport line, situated in the south east corner of Bottom Wood, hot tea was provided for the men and, refreshed by the welcome beverage, the men continued to Albert.
Notwithstanding the gruelling time which the men had undergone, and the filth with which they were covered, the men marched extremely well and earned the high praise of the Major General and the Brigadier General for their unquenchable spirits and disciplined bearing.
The High Wood attack on 15th September was very costly so far as the 141st Brigade was concerned and the operations on that day reduced a magnificent Brigade of highly trained and experienced troops to the strength of less than one good Battalion.
The failure of the tanks was a most unfortunate feature. Their use deprived the attacking Battalions of proper artillery support and gave the enemy warning of the impending assault. The result was a very costly operation and a setback which prejudiced the Division’s arrangements for subsequent attacks. The Major General and Brigadier General Thwaites, foresaw that tanks would experience difficulty but the warning was disregarded by Higher Authority
Casualties.
Casualties sustained by the London Irish amounted to 234 all told:
Officers killed: Major JR Trinder, Captain PAC Maginn, 2nd Lt WF Plummer, 2nd Lt AJ Cunningham.
Officers wounded: 2nd Lt H Banks, 2nd Lt H Crawford, 2nd Lt AC Woodrow, 2nd Lt RC Munro (later died), 2nd Lt HC Tyson, 2nd Lt HC Tyson.
Other Ranks killed: 52.
Other Ranks Wounded: 138.
Other Ranks missing: 31.
Lt-Col AP Hamilton (19th Battalion), late Adjutant of the London Irish Rifles was also killed.
Rest at Bresle.
The Battalion moved to Bresle on 21st September and reoccupied its old billets. A little time was needed to rest the men, re-equip and to give the draft of 150 men – which arrived on 24th September – some intensive training, before proceeding to the line for further fighting.
Eaucourt L’Abbaye.
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Etihad Airways – Official Partner of Manchester City FC
In May 2009, Manchester City announced a partnership with Etihad Airways, the national carrier of the United Arab Emirates. The Club’s stadium was renamed Etihad Stadium, forming the centre piece of the Etihad Campus, which encompasses a large part of the Sport city site in East Manchester.
From their home in Abu Dhabi, Etihad Airways fly to passenger and cargo destinations in the Middle East, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and North America. Together with our codeshare partners, our network offers access to over 400 international destinations in just one booking.
The airline seeks to reflect the best of Arabian hospitality – cultured, considerate, warm and generous – as well as enhance the prestige of Abu Dhabi as a centre of hospitality between East and West.
Find out more https://www.etihad.com/
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Know your USDA watersheds
By USDA Agricultural Research Service
For the first time, information collected over the
past 40 years from instruments on large watersheds across the country
is available online, thanks to an Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
For the first time, information collected over the past 40 years from instruments on large watersheds across the country is available online, thanks to an Agricultural Research Service (ARS) website.
The website, called STEWARDS (Sustaining the Earth’s Watersheds, Agricultural Research Data System), has interactive maps of watersheds. The site allows users to see the topography of the watersheds and the instrument locations, as well as download data.
Jean Steiner, director of the ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory in El Reno, Okla., came up with the idea of organizing data from watersheds nationwide into one site with a standardized format. One key purpose is to make the information available to people involved in the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) and to expand the usefulness of the information gathered at each watershed for nationwide analyses.
CEAP began in 2003 as a multi-agency effort to quantify the environmental benefits of conservation practices used by private landowners participating in selected U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) conservation programs.
But the data are also crucial to others doing hydrological analyses, and to the public, especially to people living in these watersheds.
The data include information on pesticides, nitrogen and phosphorous in streams, rivers, lakes and drinking water reservoirs. The web site also has data on daily stream discharge levels, air and soil temperature and other weather data.
In addition to Steiner, the ARS team, now led by Jerry Hatfield, laboratory director at Ames, Iowa, also included Cropland CEAP Coordinator John Sadler at Columbia, Mo.; Jin-Song Chen, formerly a hydrologist at El Reno; information technology specialists Greg Wilson at Beltsville, Md., John Ross at El Reno, Teri Oster at Columbia, David James and Kevin Cole at Ames; and computer programmer Bruce Vandenberg at Fort Collins, Colo.
Success leads to change for livestock water quality loan program
Cornell technology makes biogas greener
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Lorraine Hansberry Literary Trust
Born Black and Female
Schomburg Center
Spotlight on the Collection
Home > Tags > artist
Write if you will: but write about the world as it is and as you think it ought to be and must be—if there is to be a world. Write about all the things that men have written about since the beginning of writing and talking—but write to a point. Work hard at it, care about it. Write about our people: tell their story. You have something glorious to draw on begging for attention. Don’t pass it up. You have something glorious to draw on begging for attention. Don’t pass it up. Use it. Good luck to you. The Nation needs your gifts.
Reimagining Biography: Meet the Joi Gresham, executuve director of LHLT
On March 22, 2018, the Lorraine Hansberry Literary Trust and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture will co-present Lorraine Hansberry: Reimagining Biography. The four panelists will share how they navigated the feminisms, intersectionalities, political, and private-public voicings that shaped Hansberry’s life in their biographical treatments of the artist, activist, and public intellectual.
Over the last week we have been sharing information about the panel participants as well as information about the Lorraine Hansberry Papers, held at the Schomburg Center. Today we are highlighting Joi Gresham, executive director of the Lorraine Hansberry Literary Trust, who will moderate the panel for Lorraine Hansberry: Reimagining Biography.
Reimagining Biography: the Lorraine Hansberry Papers
On Thursday, March 22, 2018, the Lorraine Hansberry Literary Trust and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture will co-present Lorraine Hansberry: Reimagining Biography. In addition to the AMERICAN MASTERS documentary, Sighted Eyes|Feeling Heart, three biographical treatments of the artist, activist, and public intellectual will be published in the next several years. The four panelists will share how they navigated the feminisms, intersectionalities, political, and private-public voicings that shaped Hansberry’s life in their biographical treatments of the artist, activist, and public intellectual.
Over the last two weeks we have been sharing information about the panel participants as well as information about the Lorraine Hansberry Papers, held at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library.
On March 22, 2018, the Lorraine Hansberry Literary Trust and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture will co-present Lorraine Hansberry: Reimagining Biography. In addition to the AMERICAN MASTERS documentary, Sighted Eyes|Feeling Heart, that aired on PBS in January 2018, three biographical treatments of the artist, activist, and public intellectual will be published in the next several years. Reimagining Biography panelists will be asked to address the feminisms, intersectionalities, political, and private-public voicings that shaped Hansberry’s life and her understanding of herself and the worlds she both lived in and created.
In 2010 the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture published an article, “Young, Gifted, Black, and Complicated: The Question of Lorraine Hansberry’s Legacy,” in their newsletter, Africana Heritage. In that article, Steven G. Fullwood, then Assistant Curator, Manuscripts, Archives, and Rare Books Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture puts the incredible legacy of Lorraine Hansberry’s contribution as an artist, activist, public intellectual, and writer into context.
Over the last two weeks we have been sharing information about the Lorraine Hansberry: Reimagining Biography panel participants as well as information about the Lorraine Hansberry Papers, held at the Schomburg Center. Today we are sharing the essay used for the liner notes for the 1971 cast recording of To Be Young, Gifted, and Black (Caedmon records, TRS 342) written by Lorraine Hansberry’s ex-husband and executor of the Lorraine Hansberry estate, Robert Nemiroff.
Imani Perry interview for WHYY The Takeaway for NPR Philadelphia
Princeton University Professor Imani Perry joins WHYY The Takeaway for NPR Philadelphia to discuss her book, Looking for Lorraine: The Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry, for a live in-studio interview.
Marc Lamont interviews Imani Perry on Looking for Lorraine
Black-owned Philadelphia bookstore Uncle Bobbie's Coffee & Books and the People’s Education Center, welcomed scholar Imani Perry for a reading and talk about her book, Looking for Lorraine: The Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry. Moderated by Marc Lamont Hill, the recorded event is available here.
A New Biography of a Brilliant Playwright Who Died Too Young
Playwright Branden Jacobs-Jenkins reviews Imani Perry’s recent book, noting that, “…Looking for Lorraine is something between a fan’s notes and an academic monograph, less an unpacking of the archive to reveal the life than an exercise in putting the archive in historical context. Its strongest chapters — on “A Raisin in the Sun” and Lorraine’s coming into her own as a public intellectual — are masterly syntheses of research and analysis.
How Lorraine Hansberry Saw Herself
Imani Perry, author of Looking for Lorraine: The Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry (Beacon, 2018) offers a meditation on a Hansberry self-portrait for Lapham Quarterly that Perry came across in her research at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture of the New York Public Library.
Young, Restless, Gifted, and Black: Exploring the Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry
Janice Rhosalle Littlejohn interviews Imani Perry about her recent book, Looking for Lorraine, for the Los Angeles Review of Books:
Sameer Rao of Colorlines on Imani Perry interview about Looking for Lorraine
Sameer Rao of Colorlines points to the September 22 NPR interview with Imani Perry on Looking For Lorraine:
Lorraine Hansberry Literary Trust.
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Steps Towards Inclusivity in Museums
Originally posted on 15 April 2016 #LMGBlogArchive #LMGBlogArchiveProject by Joe Sullivan
In the first of our Editor’s blogs, Joe Sullivan discusses his thoughts on inclusivity in museum storytelling.
I recently started a post at the RAF Museum, as Heritage Outreach Officer. There’s some interesting development going on at the moment, and it’s great to be a part of it. For me personally, I find it exciting that the museum is trying to re-position itself to make it more welcoming and accessible, and a large part of my job so far has simply been going round meeting people from all walks of life, mainly on the estate on our doorstep. What has struck me most from doing this goes back to a debate that has been going back and forwards across the museum sector for a number of years – the majority of displays and exhibitions do not tell stories in an inclusive way. Through my previous jobs in museum education it is something I’ve talked about and come across, but it is a very different prospect to explain to someone who heads up an African youth education programme why it is that we don’t mention in depth the experience of African RAF pilots in World War 2.
Now of course, there are reasons for this. It is probably fair to argue that museums change slowly and therefore aren’t always a fair reflection of changing social attitudes (something you especially find with historic sites). It also must be considered that there is unfortunately not a broad enough diversity in the make-up of the museum sector personnel, as discussed in an article on this blog by Carrie Svinning. Another perspective is that it is potentially harmful to engage with minority stories in a big visible way as it can lead to tokenism – it may be that true inclusivity is best represented by giving everyone the same panel space, no matter their background or culture. In any case, museums are cultural touchstones and should have a mandate to tell stories from all perspectives. In the case of the RAF Museum, this could (for example) expand to cover refugees moving into London from countries that have previously perhaps viewed the RAF in a negative light as they engage on operations. This highlights an important dynamic – the key to a good response from an audience is to tell stories that they can relate to, and in a way that makes them feel comfortable.
On a recent visit to the Bethnal Green Museum of Childhood I was enraged to discover they had miss-labelled a Thunderbirds Tracy Island playset as a 2000s model instead of 1990s. Seeing the toy took me back to that specific Christmas in 1993 when they had all sold out, so Blue Peter famously showed you how to make one from cardboard. My Nan randomly saw a man carrying one on Christmas Eve, and she ran to the shop to find a solitary model left on the shelves (in 1993 that was an actual Christmas miracle!). Quirky personal stories like this are, in my opinion, the ones we need to be telling. Of course this is something that is easy to do from a white British perspective, but much harder to do when trying to represent other cultures and backgrounds. As a result, some stories remain less- or un-told. Robinson Clarke, a significant Jamaican fighter pilot during World War 1 and the first black RAF pilot, features in the permanent World War I displays at the RAF museum to the same extent as the famed ‘Red Baron’ Baron Von Richthofen – a great example of built-in inclusivity. However, there is nothing about Roberta Cowell, the first British transgender person, despite her being a pilot in World War II. These are key stories for some minority or hard-to-reach communities, and telling them in equal measure ensures you are providing the particular stories and culture that those groups want to hear, enabling the a museum to support their visitors in a much wider, in-depth manner. The question remains though: does those groups demand (or need) us to do more?
The latter example brings me to one group that I personally want to make further inroads on telling stories about – the LGBTQ community in museums. It is significant that when I say this everyone immediately points to the single same example (the ‘Hello Sailor’ exhibition several years back at the Merseyside Maritime Museum). My interest in telling those stories is firstly for family reasons, and secondly due to spending several years playing in punk bands. The ongoing celebration Punk.London has come under some recent scrutiny, but I have to say that sparked something in me about the fact I played in a touring punk band for years and the whole of that scene has very much influenced my attitude towards working in a museum in regards to community, inclusivity and DIY ethics. There are fantastic individuals in the DIY underground punk scene working hard to ensure that safe spaces are available, and that the scene can become a breeding ground for self-expression, gender identity politics and feminism. There is an equal movement in UK museums (for example, the Royal Museums Greenwich just celebrated its first ever LGBT history month). Looking at this example, I feel that as the world continues to open up to ideas of self-expression, more and more it is essential that we in museums reflect this and tell those stories. Only when telling those stories becomes second nature, can we say we are truly inclusive.
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Culture / Celebrities
Albert and Charlene’s luxurious honeymoon party
The Oyster Box, one of South Africa’s most lavish hotels, will host a reception for Prince Albert II of Monaco and his new bride, Charlene Wittstock, as they visit the eastern port city of Durban this week. The five-star hotel is famous for sweeping views of the Indian Ocean and a presidential suite that lists […]
The Oyster Box, one of South Africa’s most lavish hotels, will host a reception for Prince Albert II of Monaco and his new bride, Charlene Wittstock, as they visit the eastern port city of Durban this week.
The five-star hotel is famous for sweeping views of the Indian Ocean and a presidential suite that lists for 50,000 rand ($7,400) a night.
The royal newlyweds, who are in town for a meeting of the International Olympic Committee will be throwing a party at the seaside hotel for 400 guests on Thursday.
The hotel, which opened in 1947, is famous as one of Africa’s most opulent destinations.
It has hosted princes William and Harry, supermodel Naomi Campbell and Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich, among other notables and celebrities.
Located in the resort town of Umhlanga, just north of Durban, it prides itself on its “colonial charm”, a historic lighthouse and oyster beds just offshore that supply the hotel’s renowned Oyster Bar.
Joanne Hayes, chief of public relations for the hotel, said it’s an obvious choice for an event like the royal reception.
“We’re thrilled. It’s a great honour. But as far as we’re concerned, when you see the Oyster Box, there is no other choice really,” she told AFP.
The Oyster Box was built in 1869 and originally served as a navigationa beacon before being converted to a hotel.
It recently underwent a two-year renovation, reopening in 2009. The new owners, the Red Carnation luxury hotel group, sought to blend new furnishings and technology with the original decor of the 1940s and 50s, when the old hotel was in its heyday.
Today the hotel has 86 “individually appointed” rooms and suites, including eight garden villas that each have their own plunge pool.
The crown jewel is the 450-square-metre (4,840-square-foot) presidential suite — a two-level room served by private lift, with a private swimming pool, private study and marble his-and-hers bathrooms.
South African media have reported that the couple are staying in the suite, but the hotel is tightlipped about its guests.
The Oyster Box boasts six restaurants overseen by executive chef Kevin Joseph, who trained at Michelin-starred establishments in London.
It also has an all-white ballroom adorned with crystal Venetian chandeliers, an infinity pool overlooking the Indian Ocean and a 24-seat movie theater that can be booked for private screenings with dinner and popcorn.
The royal reception is expected to spill into the various venues of the hotel, which will be reserved exclusively for invitees that night.
The hotel is keeping details of the function under wraps, but Joseph says he is planning a menu that is “seasonal, with a South African touch”.
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Properties / Luxury Homes
Empire State Building Gets $2 Billion Offer
An unidentified bidder from West Asia has offered $ 2.1 billion in an unsolicited bid for New York’s iconic Empire State Building.
Jul 04, 2013 | By Luxuo
An unidentified bidder from West Asia has offered $ 2.1 billion in an unsolicited bid for New York’s iconic Empire State Building, according to The hindu business line.
The offer appeared to top another unsolicited bid of $ 2 billion by Rubin Schron, who partly owns the Woolworth Building in Lower Manhattan. Schron made the offer public after the Empire State Building’s operating company, Malkin Holdings, announced plans to become publicly traded.
The 102-storey building with 2.95 million square feet was valued at 2.3 billion dollars in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission and even with some tax exemptions for its energy-efficiency and elevator improvements, it still pays roughly 31 million dollars a year in property taxes.
Built in 1930, it was once the tallest building in the United States and is situated at 34th Street and Fifth Avenue, a favorite venue for tourists.
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Cristiano Ronaldo joins TAG Heuer
· May 16, 2014
Cristiano Ronaldo joins TAG Heuer - LVMH
https://www.lvmh.com/news-documents/news/cristiano-ronaldo-joins-tag-heuer/
A few weeks before the kick-off of the most followed football competition, Cristiano Ronaldo – one of the best players in the world – joined ranks of TAG Heuer’s illustrious ambassadors.
The signing is TAG Heuer’s first entry into the world of football. “It’s a perfect fit to do that with Cristiano, opening a new trend and a new way to engage with our fans,” declared TAG Heuer CEO Stéphane Linder. “Sports is part of our tradition because we share the same values: self-motivation and discipline, pushing one’s limits, never giving up.”
The two-time Ballon d’Or award winner and Real Madrid forward is set to be the captain of the Portugese team at the World Cup kicking-off in Brazil in June. The latest long-term partnership follows TAG Heuer’s long-established sporting traditions, which include engagement in Formula One, regatta racing and ski sports among others. Alongside Maria Sharapova, Jenson Button, Sébastien Ogier and the entire crew of 2013 America’s Cup winner Oracle Team USA, Cristiano Ronaldo joins the group of world-renown sports personalities who currently represent the Swiss watchmaking House.
New Sephora uniforms designed with CSM 19.05.2014
LVMH Rise helps talent grow 15.05.2014
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Falls Church Mother Arrested after Leaving Children in Hot Car
On behalf of MacDowell Law Group, P.C. | Oct 2, 2017 | Child Abuse |
An extremely distressing story has emerged from Falls Church that seems to indict a mother in the neglect and endangerment of her three children. A little over a week ago, Faulkinson loaded her kids into her car and drove with them to Columbia Pike, somewhere in the 5600 block. Police with the Fairfax Police Department have indicated that the car arrived at Columbia Pike close to 2:00 in the afternoon.
When Faulkinson reached her destination, she exited the car alone and locked all the doors. The children, who it is believed are aged 5, 6, and 7, were left inside of the vehicle. Around 45 minutes later, a call from a concerned citizen was made to the Falls Church emergency line to report that the children were still in the vehicle. The caller indicated that the windows in the car were rolled up and the vehicle was not on to produce conditioned air.
Officers with the Fairfax County Police arrived shortly after the call was placed. According to their report, the children were clearly experiencing heat exhaustion when the police rescued them from the car. Additionally, one of the children, in an attempt to cool the scorching vehicle, had punched and kicked their way through a window that previously had been held together with some tape.
All the children were safely removed from the vehicle and given proper medical attention. After the authorities determined that the children were in good health, they were relinquished from police and medical custody and given to their stepfather.
Faulkinson, for her part, was located and arrested by the Fairfax County Police. She is currently being charged with three counts of cruelty to children, although it is not clear whether or not any additional charges will be leveled in response to the events. In her statement to the police, Faulkinson admitted to leaving the children in the locked car. She said that the reason why she decided to leave them in the vehicle was because she did not want them to accompany her to her job. The circumstances which required Faulkinson to bring her children with her in the first place are not currently known.
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Autodesk Offers AutoCAD 2010 Software to Student Engineering and Design Community Members
Students and Educators Have Access to Industry-Leading Design Software and Resources
SAN RAFAEL, Calif., April 15 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- For the first time, Autodesk (NASDAQ: ADSK) is making AutoCAD 2010 software, its flagship product for 2D and 3D design and documentation, available for free* to members of its global Student Engineering and Design Community. The Student Community is an online resource that offers numerous benefits to students and educators, including free design software, self-paced training, innovative curricula, global social networking, job listings and more.
"We created the Student Community three years ago to help architecture, engineering and digital entertainment students gain the educational resources and technical expertise they need to be successful in their future careers," said Joe Astroth, Ph.D., Autodesk vice president of Learning and Education. "The demand for AutoCAD skills spans many industries. By expanding our offerings to include AutoCAD 2010, students now have easy access to software and resources to help them build those vital skills needed in today's competitive marketplace."
AutoCAD is one of the world's leading design and documentation platforms. Since Autodesk first launched AutoCAD in 1982, the software has regularly been updated with new functionality and features. The latest release, AutoCAD 2010, includes groundbreaking new capabilities introducing free-form design tools, parametric drawing, and enhanced PDF and 3D printing capabilities to help users tackle their most challenging design problems.
The addition of AutoCAD 2010 to the Student Community allows students to take full advantage of these new design tools, while adding to the portfolio of products they can use to develop skills in key industry concepts such as Digital Prototyping, building information modeling (BIM) and sustainable design. With the addition of AutoCAD 2010, the Student Community now offers more than two dozen free software products. Since its launch in 2006, the Community has expanded to more than 570,000 members representing more than 19,000 schools in 139 countries.
Autodesk supports students and educators by providing design software, innovative programs and other resources designed to inspire the next generation of professionals. By supporting educators to advance design education and science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) skills, Autodesk is helping prepare students for future academic and career success. Autodesk supports schools and institutions of higher learning worldwide through substantial discounts, subscriptions, grant programs, training, curricula development and community resources. For more information about Autodesk education programs and solutions, visit autodesk.com/education.
*Free products are subject to the terms and conditions of the end-user license agreement that accompanies download of the software.
Contact: Angela Costa Simoes, 415-547-2388
Email: angela.simoes@autodesk.com
Delcam's FeatureCAM certified for Autodesk Inventor 2010
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© Ewa-Marie Rundquist
May 9, 1955 Stockholm (Suweden)
Born in Sweden, Anne Sofie von Otter’s studies began in Stockholm and continued with Vera Rozsa at London’s Guildhall before she became a principal artist of the Basel Opera from where an international career, which has now spanned more than two decades, was launched. Equally active in opera, concert, recital and recording, and noted as one of the most versatile artists of her generation, Anne Sofie von Otter appears regularly on the world’s major stages and boasts an unrivalled discography.
Anne Sofie Von Otter’s diverse repertoire has played a key role in sustaining her international reputation as an operatic force: Oktavian/Der Rosenkavalier in London, Paris, Chicago, Munich, Stockholm as well as in Vienna and at the Met, conducted by the late Carlos Kleiber (filmed for DVD); Gluck’s Orfeo in Geneva and Alceste at Paris’ Chatelet, both conducted by Sir John Eliot Gardiner; Carmen at the Glyndebourne Festival (Philippe Jordan) and at the Santa Fe Opera (Alan Gilbert); Nerone in Monteverdi’s Poppea at the Aix-en-Provence Festival (Marc Minkowski); Didon in Berlioz’ Les Troyens at the Geneva Opera (John Nelson); Komponist at the Vienna State Opera (the late Giuseppe Sinopoli); Concepcion in Ravel’s L’Heure Espagnole at the Stockholm Opera and Baba the Turk in Stravinsky’s The Rake’s Progress at Vienna’s historic Theater an der Wien (Nicholas Harnoncourt).
Recently, Anne Sofie von Otter has further broadened her repertoire producing two highly-acclaimed Wagnerian role debuts: firstly Brangäne/Tristan und Isolde in a semi-staged production by Peter Sellars with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra and Esa-Pekka Salonen followed by Waltraute/Die Goetterdämmerung in a new production by Stéphane Braunschweig at the Aix-en-Provence Festival with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Sir Simon Rattle.
A long-running relationship with James Levine at New York’s Metropolitan Opera has led to numerous performances of Rosenkavalier, Clemenza di Tito and Idomeneo, as well as Anne Sofie’s stage debut in Debussy’s Pélleas et Mélisande. A regular performer in Paris, the Théâtre des Champs Elysées and Opéra de Paris have been platforms for many role debuts including Handel’s Ariodante (Marc Minkowski), Clairon in Strauss’ Capriccio (Ulf Schirmer),Sesto in both Clemenza di Tito and Giulio Cesare (Marc Minkowski), Handel’s Xerxes (William Christie), Ottavia/Poppea (Rene Jacobs) and Lully’s Thesée (Emmanuelle Haim).
Anne Sofie von Otter performs around the globe in recital with her accompanist Bengt Forsberg, and is a regular performer of chamber music, jazz and crossover programmes. In concert, demand takes her regularly to the major halls of Europe and North America and recent highlights include a residency at Vienna’s Musikverein including Chausson’s Poeme de l’Amour et de la Mer with the Vienna Symphony/Philippe Jordan; Das Lied von der Erde,Les Troyens and Bluebeard’s Castle with the Boston Symphony/James Levine, Oedipus Rex with the LA Philharmonic/Esa-Pekka Salonen and Ravel’s Shéherazade with l’Orchestre National de France/Myung-Whun Chung.
An extensive recording catalogue includes much of her operatic repertoire: Dorabella with Solti, Monteverdi’s Ottavia, Glück’s Orfeo and Alceste, Mozart’s Sesto and Idamantes with Gardiner, Cherubino with Levine, Marguérite with Chung, Dido with Pinnock, Xerxes with Christie, R Strauss’ Composer with Sinopoli, Debussy’s Mélisande, Judith/Bluebeard’s Castle and Oktavian with Haitink, Charlotte/Werther with Nagano and Ariodante, Hercules, Sesto/Giulio Cesare with Minkowski. Anne Sofie began recording with Deutsche Grammophon in 1985 and has a wealth of recordings on that label including with orchestra; Weill, Mahler, Bach, Zemlinsky (Gardiner), Berlioz, Brahms (Levine), Ravel, Mahler (Boulez), Offenbach (Minkowski), Berg, Mahler and a Grammy award-winning Schubert collection (Abbado). Together with Bengt Forsberg, Anne Sofie has also made many award-winning Lieder and chamber music recordings (Schubert, Chaminade, Schumann, Korngold, Brahms, Grieg to name a few). A collaboration with Elvis Costello led to the award-winning release For the Stars, which was followed by I let the Music Speak, a celebration of the music of Benny Andersson and Bjorn Ulvaeus.
2011/2012 season brings an extensive 13-date European recital tour with Bengt Forsberg and Daniel Hope of the Grammy-nominated Terezin programme, a collection of songs and musical works composed by musicians imprisoned in the Nazi concentration camp at Theresienstadt. Additionally, Anne Sofie made concert appearances in New York with Michael Tilson-Thomas, Berlin with Ingo Metzmacher, Paris, Chicago, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles and San Francisco with Myung-Whun Chung, Gavle with Robin Ticciati, Helsinki with Tugan Sokhiev, and at the Gluck Festival in Nurnberg with Marc Minkowski. In recital Anne Sofie von Otter will appear in a new collaboration with the jazz pianist, Brad Mehldau, at the Wigmore Hall, Palais Garnier and the Oslo Opera. On the opera stage, Anne Sofie sang for the first time Offenbach’s La Grande Duchesse in her return to the Basel Opera, in a new production by Christoph Marthaler, reunite with James Levine at the Met as Geschwitz in Berg’s Lulu and repeated her Waltraute at the Salzburg Easter Festival with Sir Simon Rattle. In February-March 2012 she sang Geneviève in Pelléas et Mélisande et the Opéras de Paris (available on medici.tv)
All videos related to Anne Sofie von Otter (9)
Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande
Robert Wilson (stage director), Philippe Jordan...
Claudio Abbado conducts Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde and Symphony No. 10 — With Anne Sofie von Otter and Jonas Kaufmann
A Baroque Celebration with Natalie Dessay, Philippe Jaroussky, Patricia Petibon, Rolando Villazón, Anne Sofie von Otter...
With the Concert d’Astrée under the baton of Em...
Anne Sofie von Otter performs Brahms's Lieder
Verbier Festival 2007-2010
Gluck's Iphigénie en Aulide
Pierre Audi (stage director), Marc Minkowski (c...
Anne Sofie von Otter and Marc Minkowski perform Canteloube and Mozart
Verbier Festival 2010
Musiciens du Louvre, Parole d'Orchestre
Marc Minkowski and his orchestra
Stage Light, Stage Fright
A Letter to Clara – With Hélène Grimaud
A reflection on love and music
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The Ocean and Ash Avildsen Debate Crowd Surfing During Summer Slaughter Tour
Posted by Benjamin Friedman on August 15, 2013
Recently, German post-metal band The Ocean has been making waves (get it?) about crowd surfing (another Ocean joke!) on the Summer Slaughter tour, resulting in a debate with tour founder and Sumerian Records founder Ash Avildsen. Now, Summer Slaughter is essentially a touring metal festival, but instead of playing outdoor venues such as amphitheaters and parking lots, the shows take place inside. With hundreds of metal fans packed together in indoor venues for eight hours of metal, things tend to get pretty crazy. This is especially true considering that the tour headliner is the Dillinger Escape Plan, who are known for their insane stage moves and shows. Crowd surfing is an especially hot issue right now in the metal world, with Lamb of God singer Randy Blythe only recently being cleared of manslaughter charges relating to a fan’s death at a Lamb of God show in Prague.
The Ocean (presumably vocalist Loic Rosetti) posted this on their Facebook:
“what are these stupid “no jumping into the crowd” rules on a tour which gloats about being the “most extreme tour of the year”, seriously? I don’t get it.
This is the 5fth night in a row that we can’t go into the crowd because of stupid agency or venue policies. I’m getting bored. Someone tell these dumbfucks that stage diving doesn’t kill people, and that stage barriers and 6 foot ditches won’t stop us from leaping into the crowd, they just make the leap a little longer and a little more dangerous for everyone.
Someone also tell them that fans know what to expect when they see The Dillinger Escape Plan or The Ocean live. If you are worried about your make up, don’t be in the first row!!!”
Naturally, Avildsen had to respond. Speaking through the tour’s Facebook page, he posted:
I’m a bit offended by The Ocean Collective‘s recent Facebook post jabbing Summer Slaughter and some of the venues that are willing to host it so let me set the record straight.
Summer Slaughter is called “The Most Extreme Tour Of The Year” because of the music. It’s the only tour that puts 10 national acts who play progressive, extreme music all on one stage inside a club during the summer in North America. It’s not called this because of bands doing vintage stage antics.
Iggy Pop and Jim Morrison were jumping off stages in to the crowd before you guys ever picked up an instrument. Jumping off things at a venue doesn’t make you extreme, it makes you dangerous. Sure it’s a cool thing to watch if no one gets hurt, who doesn’t love eye candy? But the reality is people get injured, paralyzed or in rare cases die from this and therefore certain venues at these capacity levels will not allow it. This is usually because of past lawsuits or ones that are still pending verdicts/settlements. It’s not the opening band who’s going to end up footing the bill for the kid when their parents sue for a million dollars for damages, it’s the venue. So next time you start whining about not being allowed to be “extreme” enough on Summer Slaughter, focus on being appreciative of the opportunity you have been given to play your music in front of thousands of people opening for some other great bands instead. If you still really think your music and live performance simply will not be properly conveyed because you can’t jump off shit, then do it where other people don’t have to catch you and risk getting hurt. Land that move and go back on stage to finish your vocal line. That’s extreme. Or maybe you go on tour with Bad Luck 13 Riot Extravaganza and find a new definition for what you consider extreme at a show. I invited you to play because I appreciate your music, so start appreciating the venues and people who are making it possible for you to be here. While you keep taking notes from Dillinger on stage, be sure to take them off stage too. They carry their our own tour/liability insurance. Might want to look in to that bud.
P.S. Mick Foley getting thrown off the top of a steel cage by The Undertaker at Hell In A Cell and taking a 16 foot fall is far more extreme and just as scripted as your next stage dive.
-Ash Avildsen
Summer Slaughter Tour Creator
The Ocean guitarist Robin Staps responded, attempting to minimize the drama while still defending the act crowd surfing:
“… so our recent facebook post on stage diving at Summer Slaughter has recently turned into a bit of a drama, as some people have said – or maybe just a healthy discussion of a difficult topic. Ash Avidsen, head of Summer Slaughter tour, has replied to our post this morning, see link below. And here is our reply, once more.
we have been enjoying this tour to the max, despite some venue’s strict regulations, and we appreciate the opportunity of being here. The point was not to diss the Summer Slaughter tour, which we respect for being a forward-thinking and ground-breaking institution – that’s the whole reason why we did it, and we are happy to be part of this not only extreme, but progressive and interesting and diverse lineup. It’s been a great time.
Firstly, I understand that these “no jumping into the crowd” rules come from certain venues, and not from Summer Slaughter – because most of the nights, it has not been an issue at all — only in a certain chain of venues (and you know well which ones I am talking about), where policies have been so strict that the local security would not even let band members get back on stage or backstage, after they had jumped into the crowd!!! Excuse me, but I find this a bit pathetic. And again, this was not coming from the Summer Slaughter HQ.
I do see your point on the risks involved, in theory. In practice, it’s really not about justifying jumping off 30 feet balconies at House of Blues, it’s not about jumping feet-first into the crowd, with the intention to hurt fans. When you have a light-weight vocalist that communicates with the crowd a lot, and makes them anticipate the jump, the potential risk of injury is about as high as the risk of a guitar player breaking his ankle while stepping on the monitor, or the risk of dying from a heat stroke on a tennis court.
With this whole discussion (not just here but in general), what I find lacking most of the time is a bit of common sense. We don’t want anyone to get hurt, and the people in the first row don’t want to get hurt either, but they are aware of being in a higher energy scenario then in the back of the room there (and hence are more alert and cautious and raise their arms when someone jumps). There is a minimal potential risk involved when a crowd gathers to watch a band play, gets excited, and starts moving – just as there is a potential risk involved with playing volley ball, or doing any kind of sports, really. And in the end, that’s what a rock ‘n roll show is, both for the band, as well as for the majority of the audience: an event of sports.
Stage diving is a beautiful thing – it’s an intense interaction between the crowd and the band. It’s the crowd that actually makes it work, for if they cleared out and if there was none to catch the singer, he would face plant on the floor. The fans don’t want that, and the momentum of energy unleashed when a 90 pounds singer leaps into the crowd and 20 people raise their arms to catch him is low enough that none will get hurt. We may not have been doing this back in the days when Iggy Pop, one of my biggest idols, did it – but we’ve been doing it for 12 years too, and noone ever got hurt in any of close to 1000 shows we have played with this band. Just saying.
– Robin Staps / THE OCEAN
At the NYC date of Summer Slaughter at the Best Buy Theater I attended, singer Loic did in fact dive into the crowd in a most impressive fashion, clearing the aforementioned six-foot ditch. Dillinger singer Greg Puciato and guitarist Ben Weinman also made their way into the sea of metalheads during their set. It was kind of miraculous that they made it back to the stage in one piece, but they did. While no one was hurt, it makes sense that those responsible for the tour have to make sure their bands aren’t doing anything that could cause legal problems or fan injuries such as in the Randy Blythe case. It’s also interesting to find out that Dillinger actually has insurance on the chaos they create at their shows.
There is definitely a lot of room for debate on both sides regarding practices at metal shows. For now, the Summer Slaughter tour has only a few days left, stage diving or not.
Tags: Ash Avildsen, Ben Weinman, Greg Puciato, Sumerian Records, The Dillinger Escape Plan, The Ocean, The Ocean Collective, The Summer Slaugher Tour
Categorised in: Controversy
Let The Rumors About This Year’s Summer Slaughter Tour Begin!
Headbangers Brawl: Do we need to take more precautions toward stage divers?
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Islas Marías, from jail for political prisoners to environmental and cultural center
Today in the morning, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador informed that the Maria Madre Island penitentiary center in the Marías Islands will become a space for art, culture and environmental protection.
The transfer of prisoners will be in the coming months, this space will be for art and environmental culture. Photo: screenshot Twitter @GobiernoMX
Therefore, the penitentiary center will now be a center for environmental education and training of children, adolescents "Muros de agua", José Revueltas; where workshops will be given for the environmental rescue, traditional wisdom, environment, and development of didactic activities.
Destination of the prisoners of Islas Marías
This modernization plan contemplates the release of 200 prisoners from María Madre Island, after having served their sentence; It was also reported that the other 400 prisoners held here will be transferred to prisons close to their homes.
On the other hand, the workers and custodians of the penitentiary system will be relocated in activities that will be carried out with this plan in Islas Marías.
López Obrador indicated that the 400 inmates will be transferred to federal penitentiaries, so in a few months this procedure will begin with absolute respect for human rights, he stressed that it is "a tribute to all the processes of the world."
History of Islas Marías
The penitentiary called Islas Marías was founded by President Porfirio Díaz Mori on May 12, 1905, to protect a penal colony.
This molding, according to Nation 321, was copying the system used in France; so Porfirio Díaz insisted on its installation to house three types of inmates: recidivists for crimes against property, highly dangerous criminals and political prisoners.
In past decades, Islas Marías was the scene of different stories in cinema, art, and literature; leading to create works such as the novel "The Walls of Water" by the Mexican writer José Revueltas in 1941, who was imprisoned in this place.
In a cinema with the film "Las Islas Marías" in 1951, starring Pedro Infante and under the direction of Emilio "El Indio" Fernández.
So today, the federal government indicated that the Marias Islands will be "a space for conservation, environmental education, and training of children and youth."
Famous prisoners in prison
This morning, Francisco Garduño, in charge of the Federal Penitentiary System, announced the list of the most famous prisoners who stepped on that prison:
The writer and political activist José Revueltas, imprisoned for his political ideas close to communism.
The religious Conception Acevedo de la Llata or "Mother Conchita". She was imprisoned from 1929 to 1940, accused of being the intellectual author of the murder of Álvaro Obregón.
Pancho Valentino, a prisoner from 1957 to 1977, a professional wrestler who murdered a priest and looted a church in today's Colonia Escandón.
José Ortiz Muñoz, alias "El Sapo", one of the most bloodthirsty criminals. He assassinated to stabs Isidro Martínez García, a Cuban migrant. For this reason, he was sentenced to 28 years in prison, but later he was sentenced to 40.
There were also missionaries who professed faith to the prisoners.
The most famous was "Father Trampitas", Juan Manuel Martínez Macías, who, as a volunteer, arrived at the prison to profess the faith and remained there for 37 years.
Benefits of this program
President Andrés Manuel López Obrador explained that there will be a process of reconstruction of the Marías Islands, so that in this year the camps for children, youth and seniors begin, in coordination with the help of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Semarnat) and other dependencies.
In reference to the cost of this management, the president indicated that there will be savings, "an amount of 700 million pesos was calculated, for the costs of maintaining this criminal, but we have that in the analysis, but we did not want to make it known, It is not the most important".
Recall that the Marías Islands are located in the Mexican Pacific, consisting of the islands of María Madre, María Magdalena, María Cleofas and the small island of San Juanito, located in the port of San Blas, Nayarit.
However, if you are in the Yucatan Peninsula or in the Riviera Maya, you can reach this Caribbean paradise by ferry.
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Professor Abate Delivers Climate Change Book Talks During UK Lecture Series
Thursday, Dec. 13, 2018
Randall S. Abate, professor in the Department of Political Science and Sociology and Rechnitz Family/Urban Coast Institute Endowed Chair in Marine and Environmental Law and Policy, traveled to the U.K. from Nov. 28 to Dec. 6 to deliver invited presentations at three universities.
On Nov. 29, he delivered a book talk on his forthcoming book, “Climate Change and the Voiceless: Protecting Future Generations, Wildlife, and Natural Resources” (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming August 2019), to approximately 25 professors and graduate students at the University of Cambridge. The book talk was hosted as the final lecture of the semester in the Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance (C-EENRG) Thursday Seminar Series. The seminar series featured distinguished speakers from the University of Cambridge and universities in the Netherlands, Spain, Chile, and India. Abate was one of only two invited speakers from the U.S. in this series.
Abate then traveled to London on Nov. 30 to deliver a second book talk on “Climate Change and the Voiceless” to approximately 30 professors, graduate students, and lawyers at King’s College. The event was hosted by the King’s College Climate Law and Governance Reading Group.
Abate concluded his U.K. tour with a stop in Glasgow for two presentations at the University of Strathclyde. He delivered a third book talk on his forthcoming book to an audience of approximately 50 professors, graduate students, and lawyers at the University of Strathclyde on Dec. 4. He also gave a presentation titled “Ocean Iron Fertilization and Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Food: Leveraging International and Domestic Law Protections to Enhance Access to Salmon in the Pacific Northwest” to approximately 75 professors, graduate students, and lawyers at a conference on Dec. 5. The conference, “A Vision for Ocean Law Governance: 2020-2030 and Beyond,” featured experts on ocean governance topics from the U.K., Canada, the Caribbean, and the South Pacific.
Professor Abate Delivers Book Talks and Panel Presentations in the U.K., Belgium, and Canada
Professor Abate Delivers Endowed Chairs Lecture Series Talk on Climate Change and the Voiceless
Thursday, Sept. 26, 2019
Professor Abate Delivers Climate Justice Presentations on European Tour, Launches New Blog
Abate Delivers Book Talks on Climate Change, Animal Law
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Istanbul Earthquakes
The settlement of civilizations in Istanbul date back to 7th century B.C. When it was conquered by Sultan Mehmet in 1453, a new era started, as did a lot of catastrophe, including fire, flood, and plague. In recent times, when mentioning catastrophe in Istanbul, earthquakes top the list. This is not something new, though. The Istanbul Earthquakes actually go back to the construction of Istanbul as a city.
First Earthquake in Istanbul
Istanbul was established in the year 326 by Constantine the Emperor of Byzantine, so it was called Constantinople at that time. The first earthquake in Istanbul that is recorded occurred 16 years after the establishment of the city. The historian Jerome mentioned this earthquake in his book in 342 A.D. Another earthquake that was just as big occurred in 358 A.D. and erased İzmit from the map. The tremors that occurred on the Anatolian Side of Istanbul were felt even on the Black Sea coasts.
The first earthquake in Istanbul that is recorded occurred 16 years after the establishment of the city.
More Earthquakes and Tsunami in Istanbul
While earthquakes are clearly determined by the seismographs nowadays, they were only discovered through the records of historians in the past.
During the Byzantine period in the years 583 and 611, two big earthquakes occurred. Then, in the year 740, Istanbul was hit with a devastating earthquake once again. After that, we did not see any big earthquakes until year 1000. Then, an earthquake, which was strong enough to damage the walls of Istanbul, occurred in 1231. The last major earthquake that occurred before the conquest of Istanbul occurred in 1419, and with this earthquake, a tsunami hit the Istanbul coast.
The Earthquakes in Istanbul during Ottoman Empire
We cannot locate further details about the aforementioned earthquakes, but we have ample information about the earthquakes in Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire.
The Earthquake on 22nd of August 1509 – Little Doomsday
The biggest earthquake after conquest occurred on the night of August 22, 1509. It was a quite destructive earthquake, therefore earning the name the Little Doomsday. There were many casualties because it occurred at night. According to the information of that period, between 5000 and 15000 people of Istanbul passed away. The balance sheet of the earthquake was also very heavy. Over 100 mosques, more than 1000 prayer rooms, and an undetectable number of houses and shops were completely destroyed. Walls from Yedikule to Bahçekapı were damaged. Among the historic artifacts damaged were Topkapı Palace, Anatolian Fortress, Rumeli Fortress, and Galata Tower. After the earthquake, 60 thousand workers were brought to Istanbul and construction began.
Over 100 mosques, more than 1000 prayer rooms, and an undetectable number of houses and shops were completely destroyed.
The Earthquake on 22nd of May 1766
250 years later after the aforementioned earthquake, another earthquake coinciding with the Feast of Sacrifice on May 22, 1766, occurred, and the aftershocks continued for 8 months. Most people preferred to live in tents which they set up in the gardens or on the streets instead of their homes for a year. The Eyüp Sultan Mosque completely collapsed because of the earthquake in İstanbul in 1766. But interestingly, we have not come across any number of deaths recorded in this earthquake.
The Eyüp Sultan Mosque completely collapsed because of the earthquake in İstanbul in 1766.
The Earthquake on 10th of July 1894
The earthquake that occurred at noon on July 10, 1894 first started from the southwest with slight shocks but continued with severe shocks increasing northward. When this earthquake occurred, the Marmara Sea went 200 meters backward and then hit the shore very violently and broke all the boats on the shore. While the epicenter of the earthquake was Izmit Bay, its effects were felt intensely from 200 kilometers away. Even though the exact number is unknown, history books estimate that a few hundred people lost their lives.
Like the other earthquakes, this earthquake occurred in the summer period and caused great destruction with 7.4 Richter scale quake centered in Gölcük Kocaeli.
The Marmara Earthquake – The Earthquake on 17th of August 1999
While the earthquakes we listed above remain on the dusty pages of history, the pain caused by the Marmara Earthquake, which occurred at 03.02 am on August 17, 1999, was captured by photographs and video footage. Like the other earthquakes, this earthquake occurred in the summer period and caused great destruction with 7.4 Richter scale quake centered in Gölcük Kocaeli. The Marmara earthquake is still remembered as a disaster that was felt even in İzmir and Ankara and caused 17,480 people to lose their lives. After the earthquake, 23,781 patients were transferred to health institutions and 285,000 houses were completely demolished.
Yesim Ozbirinci
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Apple iPhone 11 Price in Bangladesh
Apple iPhone 11 Key Features
Operating System: i 13
Display: Liquid Retina IPS LCD capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors , 6.1 inches, 90.3 cm2 (~79.0% screen-to-body ratio)
Storage & Ram: 256/128/64 GB Storage & 4 GB Ram
Battery: Non-removable Li-Ion , 3110 mAh
SKU: Apple iPhone 11 Category: Mobile
Apple iPhone 11 Full Specifications
Ram: 4 GB + Rom 256/128/64 GB
Single (Nano- and/or Electronic card) or Dual (Nano-, dual stand-by) - for China IP68 dust/water resistant (up to 2m for 30 mins) Apple Pay (Visa, MasterCard, AMEX certified)
Front/back glass, aluminum frame (7000 series)
Liquid Retina IPS LCD capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors
Scratch-resistant glass, oleophobic coating Dolby Vision HDR10 Wide color gamut True-tone
828 x 1792 pixels, 19.5:9 ratio (~326 ppi density)
GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 - SIM 1 & SIM 2 (dual-SIM) - for China CDMA 800 / 1900
HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1700(AWS) / 1900 / 2100 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
LTE band 1(2100), 2(1900), 3(1800), 4(1700/2100), 5(850), 7(2600), 8(900), 11(1500), 12(700), 13(700), 17(700), 18(800), 19(800), 20(800), 21(1500), 25(1900), 26(850), 28(700), 29(700), 30(2300), 32(1500), 34(2000), 38(2600), 39(1900), 40(2300), 41(2500), 42(3500), 46, 48, 66(1700/2100) - A2221 LTE band 1(2100), 2(1900), 3(1800), 4(1700/2100), 5(850), 7(2600), 8(900), 12(700), 13(700), 14(700), 17(700), 18(800), 19(800), 20(800), 25(1900), 26(850), 29(700), 30(2300), 34(2000), 38(2600), 39(1900), 40(2300), 41(2500), 42(3500), 46, 48, 66(1700/2100), 71(600) - A2111 LTE band 1(2100), 2(1900), 3(1800), 4(1700/2100), 5(850), 7(2600), 8(900), 12(700), 13(700), 14(700), 17(700), 18(800), 19(800), 20(800), 25(1900), 26(850), 29(700), 30(2300), 34(2000), 38(2600), 39(1900), 40(2300), 41(2500), 42(3500), 46, 48, 66(1700/2100), 71(600) - A2223
HSPA 42.2/5.76 Mbps, LTE-A (CA) Cat16 1024/150 Mbps, EV-DO Rev.A 3.1 Mbps
Coming soon. Exp. release 2019, September
Apple A13 Bionic (7 nm+)
12 MP, f/1.8, 26mm (wide), 1/2.55", 1.4µm, PDAF, OIS 12 MP, f/2.4, 13mm (ultrawide)
12 MP, f/2.2 TOF 3D camera
Quad-LED dual-tone flash, HDR (photo/panorama) HDR
2160p@24/30/60fps, 1080p@30/60/120/240fps, HDR, stereo sound rec. 2160p@24/30/60fps, 1080p@30/60/120fps, gyro-EIS
256/128/64 GB
Yes, with A-, GLONASS, GALILEO, QZSS
No Active noise cancellation with dedicated mic Dolby Atmos Dolby Digital Plus
Up to 17 h (multimedia)
iMessage, Email, Push Email, IM
Face ID, accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass, barometer Siri natural language commands and dictation
Black, Green, Yellow, Purple, Red, White
Fast battery charging 18W: 50% in 30 min USB Power Delivery 2.0 Qi wireless charging
See more: Apple smartphone…
Apple iPhone 11 Price and Full Specifications in Bangladesh
Apple iPhone 11 Price in Bangladesh and Full Specifications. Currently, The Apple iPhone 11 price in Bangladesh is Upcoming (Approx). Apple makes an announcement in Coming soon. Exp. release 2019, September . Apple iPhone 11 smartphone comes with Liquid Retina IPS LCD capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors , 6.1 inches, 90.3 cm2 (~79.0% screen-to-body ratio) display. Apple iPhone 11 performing with i 13 . It houses 256/128/64 GB Storage & 4 GB Ram. Apple iPhone 11 is running by No. 12 MP, f/1.8, 26mm (wide), 1/2.55", 1.4µm, PDAF, OIS 12 MP, f/2.4, 13mm (ultrawide) primary camera feature & secondary camera feature is 12 MP, f/2.2 TOF 3D camera .
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. The company’s hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, the Apple TV digital media player, and the HomePod smart speaker. Apple’s software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites, as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, and Xcode. Its online services include the iTunes Store, the iOS App Store and Mac App Store, Apple Music, and iCloud.
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DC Movies Have ‘Turned A Corner’, Says Toby Emmerich
by Josh Atkins · January 19, 2019
It seems that Warner Bros. and DC have turned a corner recently, and refocus their efforts to build a shared universe like Marvel.
Toby Emmerich, the new chairman of Warner Bros. spoke to THR about their newfound approach towards the DC superhero films, claiming they are focused on honouring their directors’ visions instead.
When asked what the success of Aquaman means for the DC universe, Emmerich responded:
We all feel like we’ve turned a corner now. We’re playing by the DC playbook, which is very different than the Marvel playbook. We are far less focused on a shared universe. We take it one movie at a time. Each movie is its own equation and own creative quantity. If you had to say one thing about us, it’s that it always has to be about the directors.
This approach makes a lot more sense when consider the DC movies Warner Bros. currently have in the pipeline. 2019 will see Shazam! and Joker arrive on the big screen and as far as we know, the latter is very much a standalone spinoff that doesn’t connect to any of the current DC universe. 2020 will see Wonder Woman 1984 hit theatres, a film set in the past and not connected to the present day storyline, as the title suggests.
Throw in plans for Green Lantern Corps, Cyborg, The Batman, Flash, Suicide Squad 2, Birds of Prey, Nightwing, Batgirl, a Jared Leto Joker movie and Harley Quinn and the Joker and it becomes difficult to see how those would come together under Marvel’s template of different phases bookended by big team up movies.
It does seem that the best way forward is to just tell great stories without worrying how they tie in together with each other. After all, that seemed to work pretty well before Marvel pulled off their first team up movie. Really, this is what DC should have done from the outset; it was obvious to see that their rushed efforts to copy the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and rush out a Justice League film was going to fall flat, and that’s pretty much exactly what happened.
It’s no coincidence that the DC’s best films in the last 10 years have been Wonder Woman, Aquaman and Man of Steel. All of these films were made without worrying about how they fit into a larger continuity; Man of Steel in particular was made before Warner Bros. even decided to do a shared universe. Batman and Superman: Dawn of Justice and Justice League all failed because they were saddled with the burden of building a huge world and introducing tons of important characters in just a couple of films, resulting in overstuffed and confusing stories.
Warner Bros. should be credited for finally learning the right lesson. It took them a long time to get there, but clearly they’ve looked at Wonder Woman and Aquaman and realised that’s the direction they should go in. Marvel won’t be beaten by emulating their template, so it makes sense for Warner Bros. and DC to focus on themselves and create good, engaging stories.
Josh Atkins
Josh is a huge a fan of Star Wars, superheroes and video games. He spends most of his time wondering who would win in a fight between Boba Fett and Star Lord.
Tags: DCJustice League
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Mubadala Infrastructure Partners Take 49 Per Cent Stake In Paris-Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi
Mubadala Development Company (Mubadala), the Abu Dhabi-based strategic investment company, today announced an agreement to sell 49 per cent of its equity interest in Manhal Development Company P.J.S.C., the developer, owner and operator of the campus of the Paris-Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi (PSUAD), to Mubadala Infrastructure Partners (MIP).
Mubadala Development Company (Mubadala), the Abu Dhabi-based strategic investment company, today announced an agreement to sell 49 per cent of its equity interest in Manhal Development Company P.J.S.C., the developer, owner and operator of the campus of the Paris-Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi (PSUAD), to Mubadala Infrastructure Partners (MIP). Mubadala, General Electric and Credit Suisse are co-sponsors of MIP, an infrastructure focused private equity fund investing in the Middle East, North Africa and Turkey, which includes regional and international institutional investors.
The PSUAD project is strategically important to Mubadala and not only positions Abu Dhabi as a centre for educational and cultural excellence, but sets an important benchmark for the development of future UAE social infrastructure projects. The project also demonstrates Mubadala’s expertise in developing and delivering Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects.
Ali Eid Al Mehairi, Associate Director, Mubadala Infrastructure, said: “Mubadala is proud to have built in conjunction with Abu Dhabi Education Council and Paris Sorbonne, a global leader in education, a world class educational facility. The sale of a minority equity stake allows Mubadala to realise a commercial benefit while being in line with its strategy of sharing project risk with other parties at appropriate times which is an important step in the development of the PPP market locally and in the region. We have a strong relationship with MIP and look forward to leveraging their extensive experience to create further value.”
Mubadala Infrastructure Partners Limited’s Chief Executive Officer Philip K. Haddad, said: “Our investment in PSUAD is aligned with our aim of investing in social infrastructure opportunities throughout the MENA region and Turkey and diversifying our portfolio. We believe PSUAD will deliver strong and reliable returns to our investors, while affording MIP the opportunity to actively participate alongside Mubadala in value creation through operational improvements. We look to furthering our strong relationship with Mubadala on similar opportunities in the future.”
The PSUAD project was completed in August 2010 on Al Reem Island and constitutes approximately 93,000m² of state-of-the-art teaching and recreational facilities. The University provides courses in arts, languages and political sciences. Mubadala developed the project under a long-term BOOT structure, which covers build, own, operate and transfer. The grantor of the BOOT concession and off taker of the project is the Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC).
About Mubadala Development Company
Mubadala Development Company (Mubadala) is a catalyst for the economic diversification of Abu Dhabi. Established and owned by the Government of Abu Dhabi, the company’s strategy is built on the creation of partnerships and on long-term, capital-intensive investments that deliver strong financial returns and tangible social benefits for the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and that contribute to the growth and diversification of its economy.
Mubadala brings together and manages a multi-billion dollar portfolio of local, regional and international investments and partners with leading global organizations to operate businesses across a wide range of industry sectors. These include aerospace, energy, healthcare, information communications and technology, infrastructure, real estate and hospitality, and services ventures. For more information about Mubadala please visit http://www.mubadala.ae.
Salam Kitmitto
Edelman Public Relations
M: +971 (0)50 800 8268
About Mubadala Infrastructure Partners
Mubadala Infrastructure Partners is an infrastructure-focused private equity fund. It is managed by Mubadala Infrastructure Partners Limited, a firm sponsored by Mubadala, General Electric and Credit Suisse, whose principal activity is managing closed-end private equity funds.
Hassan Ahari
Mubadala Infrastructure Partners Limited
Copyright 2014 © Mubadala Development Company PJSC. All Rights Reserved.
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The New Federal School Discipline Guidance: What it Means for State Boards of Education
This webinar is now on-demand! Watch the full event here.
Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Education and the U.S. Department of Justice jointly issued school discipline guidance to school districts and schools across the country outlining key principles for improving school climates and eliminating discipline disparities that persist among minority and special education students.
Ensuring equal educational opportunities for all students can be difficult in an age of instructional mandates and limited resources. But state boards of education can play a proactive role in addressing these challenges by working with school districts to cultivate positive school experiences and identify, prevent, and redress discriminatory discipline.
Join NASBE on May 20, 2014, from 3:00 to 4:15 P.M. (EST) for a webinar discussion with Anurima Bhargava, chief of the Educational Opportunities Section at the U.S. Department of Justice, Kristen Harper, special assistant in the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services at the U.S. Department of Education, and NASBE Project Director Kimberly Charis, who is an expert on school discipline, and state policymakers as they review the new school discipline guidelines and discuss state-level initiatives that are helping school districts and schools meet their legal civil rights obligations.
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NATHANMUSIC
Nathan Heinze is a house music and synthpop producer from Miami. His music is similar to that of the Pet Shop Boys and New Order.
In the early 2000s, Heinze produced several eurodance and tribal tracks, but later work showed an electro and progressive house influence. His song "At the Disco" charted at #6 on InternetDJ.com.[1] After the success of "At the Disco", he began collaborating with Miami DJ VButterfly.[2] The most notable tracks the two released were a dance cover of "Lovesong" by The Cure, and "Stupid Prick", a minor hit released by Decibel Records NYC.[3] Heinze also worked with singer Vanessa Valentin on two tracks, "Maldita Condena" and "I'm Leavin".[4]
In 2007, he wrote and produced two tracks for the European charity album Philanthropy, and also remixed two other songs from the album ("Fanatic Boy" by KooLTURE and "Rumor" by Ray Grant).[5] In 2007, Heinze also remixed KooLTURE's hit "Stupid Superstar".[6]
In 2008, he completed two remixes of the West End Girls' first single from their album Shoplifting. The track is entitled "What Have I Done to Deserve This?" and is a cover of the 1987 Pet Shop Boys hit. Heinze's remixes appear on the CD single (released by EMI), along with a radio mix and an instrumental mix.[7]
In November 2008, ISV Entertainment released Heinze's version of "It Doesn't Often Snow at Christmas" sung by West End Girls and found on the "Super Dance Christmas Party" release.[8]
Heinze continues to release records on Decibel Records NYC and has remixed numerous label artists.
In 2017 he returned with a club remix of Milan's Miracles (Take my Heart) and a radio mix of Kids on Bridges single Something in the Water, and has begun work with Sterling Void on a new EP for Defected Records.
© 2021 Nathan Heinze. All Rights Reserved.
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Use of Departed Lawyer’s Surname in Firm Name
2006 Formal Ethics Opinion 20
Adopted: July 13, 2007
Opinion rules that a law firm may not continue to use a former member's surname in the law firm name if the member continues the practice of law with another firm.
Inquiry #1:
Attorney John Doe is the sole shareholder of a professional corporation (PC) engaged in the practice of law. The PC goes by the name of The John Doe Law Firm. Attorney Doe has invested millions of dollars in the PC's marketing materials that contain his surname and likeness. He also uses trademarked slogans that incorporate his first name and/or his surname. Attorney Doe believes that, through his marketing efforts, his name and face have become synonymous with the "face" or "brand" of the PC.
Attorney Doe would like to have other lawyers join the PC as shareholders. Attorney Doe, however, wants to maximize the investment he has already made in the PC. Attorney Doe would like to grant to the PC the right to use his name and likeness under the following terms:
The PC will purchase from Attorney Doe the right to use his name as a trade name of the PC, and to use his name and likeness in advertising and marketing materials for the private practice of law. The PC may not sell the name or likeness or use the name or likeness in the marketing or advertising of any other service or product. The PC may use the name during Attorney Doe's life and following his death.
May Attorney Doe grant to the PC the right to use Attorney Doe's name under these terms?
Opinion #1:
Yes, so long as the agreement complies with Rule 7.5. While the Rules of Professional Conduct do not specifically limit the use of the lawyer's name by a firm in which he is a member, Rule 7.5 does restrict the circumstances under which a surname can continue to be used when the lawyer ceases to practice with the firm. "A firm may be designated by the names of all or some of its members, by the names of deceased or retired members where there has been a continuing succession in the firm's identity, or by a trade name85." Rule 7.5, cmt. [1].1
Rule 7.5 permits a law firm to continue to use a lawyer's surname if he retires from the practice of law or after his death, so long as the lawyer was a member of the firm immediately preceding his retirement or death. Subsequent communications listing the former member's name on law firm letterhead, however, should clarify that the former member is deceased or retired so as not to mislead the public. If Attorney Doe leaves the PC and begins engaging in the private practice of law, the PC could not continue to use Attorney Doe's surname because it would be misleading pursuant to Rule 7.1. See Rule 7.5(a), cmt. [1]. Any agreement between Attorney Doe and the PC must reflect this restriction and may not violate Rule 5.6(a) of the Rules of Professional Conduct.
May Attorney Doe grant to the PC the right to use Attorney Doe's likeness under these terms?
The agreement may grant to the PC the right to use Attorney Doe's likeness while he practices with the PC but not if he ceases to practice with the PC. As long as Attorney Doe practices with the PC, there is probably no danger that the use of his likeness will mislead, deceive, or confuse the public. However, if Attorney Doe ceases to practice with PC (whether by retirement, departure, or death), the PC's use of his likeness will be inherently misleading and confusing to the public, in violation of Rule 7.1, because of the specific fact that Attorney Doe, while the sole shareholder in the firm, invested substantial resources to make his likeness synonymous with the PC. Therefore, after Attorney Doe's departure from the PC, a disclaimer on the PC's advertisements and marketing communications would be insufficient to overcome the public perception that Attorney Doe's services are still available through the PC. This opinion does not prohibit generally the accurate and nondeceptive use of the likeness of a retired or deceased member of a firm in marketing or advertising, as long as the likeness includes a clear statement of the attorney's status3 so as not to imply ongoing involvement with the firm.
Assume that the agreement between the PC and Attorney Doe further contemplates that Attorney Doe is free to leave the firm at any time and practice elsewhere in the state, but restricts his ability to use his own name or likeness in any advertising materials promoting the new venture. The agreement states that once Attorney Doe leaves the PC, he is free to practice elsewhere using any proper firm name (not including his own surname) or State Bar approved trade name for advertising purposes. He may only use his surname, however, in listings on firm letterhead, telephone directories, and business cards.
Under this proposed agreement, can the PC continue to use Attorney Doe's surname as the name of the PC after Attorney Doe leaves the PC to engage in the private practice of law?
No. See opinion #1 above.
As a point of clarification, Attorney Doe's surname is not a trade name, and the licensing of the name to a PC in which Attorney Doe is a member does not change the surname's classification. The terms "Law Firm" or "Law Office" are technically trade names, but because these are useful means of identifying law firms, lawyers may use either designation without registering the trade name.
Opinion #2 differs from Opinion #1 because of the potential misleading nature of a communication using Attorney Doe's likeness after Attorney Doe ceases to practice with the PC.
For example, the use of the likeness of a retired partner on a firm's website should clarify his status as a "retired partner" or "of counsel."
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FILE – Construction cranes tower above condos under construction near southeast False Creek in Vancouver on February 9, 2020. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck
B.C. property values went up 4.2% in 2020 as most homeowners see ‘moderate increases’
Every region in B.C. reported a zero to 10 per cent increase in valuation, although individual cities differ
Property owners across most of B.C. will have seen the value of their homes go up over the past year, according to data published by BC Assessment on Monday (Jan. 4).
The data, based on market values as of July 1, 2020, found that the total value of real estate assessed went up by 4.2 per cent to $2.01 trillion. Overall, every single region in B.C. reported a zero to 10 per cent increase in valuation, although individual city results differed.
(Brackets below denote newly assessed values)
The most populated region of B.C. saw total assessed value increase from $1.41 trillion in 2020 to about $1.46 trillion this year. Vancouver ($1,717,000) and Squamish ($1,026,000) saw the biggest jumps with a 10 per cent increase in the value of single family homes, while Surrey ($1,062,000), Chilliwack ($627,000) and Abbotsford ($343,000) saw four, six and seven per cent increases, respectively. Langley City ($838,000) moved up by four per cent, while the Township ($986,000) increased by seven per cent.
Condos and townhouses didn’t fair quite as well, with the highest increases of five per cent seen in Maple Ridge ($457,000) and six per cent in the District of North Vancouver ($732,000). White Rock ($452,000) was the only city to see a drop of two per cent in condo valuation.
“Despite COVID-19, the Lower Mainland residential real estate market has been resilient,” said BC Assessment deputy assessor Bryan Murao. “For the most part, homeowners can expect relatively moderate increases in value.
The Lower Mainland remained home to the most expensive property in B.C. for 2021, Lululemon founder Chip Wilson’s $66,828,000 pad in Vancouver’s ritzy Kitsilano neighbourhood.
Much like other parts of B.C., the Kootenay communities with the biggest percentage increases in singly family home value were small villages. The Village of Slocan ($196,000) went up by 19 per cent while Nakusp ($275,000) increased by 16 per cent. Bigger cities like Castlegar ($349,000) saw an increase of nine per cent, while Cranbrook ($327,000) went up by six per cent.
“Some of the smaller communities have experienced higher demand than previous years and that is reflected in this year’s assessments,” said deputy assessor Sharlynn Hill.
Thompson Okanagan
In the interior of B.C., Logan Lake ($282,000) saw the biggest jump in single family home value at 15 per cent, with Cache Creek ($207,000) close behind at 14 per cent. Bigger cities like Kelowna ($650,000) saw jumps of three per cent.
On the condo and townhouse front, SunPeaks jumped up by 10 per cent ($531,000), with Kamloops ($285,000) up by six per cent and Kelowna ($372,000) up by two per cent. West Kelowna ($374,000) fell by three per cent while Vernon fell by one per cent ($281,000).
Okanagan area Deputy Assessor Tracy Wall said that “Some of our smaller communities… are seeing notably higher increases in residential values compared to last year.”
For the Thompson region, deputy assessor Tracy Shymko said that “housing demand has remained strong.”
Similarly to the Thompson Okanagan region, the biggest increases in single family values were seen in small communities and villages. The Village of Tahsis ($135,000) saw a whopping 36 per cent increase and the Village of Gold River ($212,000) jumped 17 per cent.
Tofino ($956,000) and Ucluelet ($496,000) saw nine and 11 per cent increases, respectively, while Victoria ($459,000) went up by two per cent. In the centre and north of the Island, Nanaimo ($324,000) went up by three per cent while Courtenay ($319,000) went up by four per cent.
On the condo and townhouse side, Campbell River ($285,000) saw a jump of eight per cent while Esquimalt went up by five per cent ($414,000).
“Home values across Vancouver Island have appreciated this year due to strong demand combined with limited inventory for sale,” said assessor Tina Ireland.
Northern B.C.
In the north, the biggest single family value increase was seen in Burns Lake ($180,000) with 21 per cent, while Smithers ($362,000) went up by 15 per cent. Williams Lake ($266,000) and Prince George ($333,000) were in the middle of the road with a seven per cent increase, while Kitimat ($330,000) – where a large LNG export facility is being built – went down by one per cent.
On the condo and townhouse front, Terrace ($189,000) saw an increase of 14 per cent while Prince George ($186,000) went up by eight per cent.
“In some instances, there has been a larger increase in rural areas within the region, particularly with lakefront properties,” said deputy assessor Jarret Krantz.
B.C. restricts pipeline, dam restarts due to COVID-19 risk
B.C. NDP nets $1.5 million in taxpayer subsidies to political parties
Victoria police seeking high-risk, missing woman driving blue truck
Dana Frazer, 54, is driving a blue 2016 Nissan Frontier
Man exposes himself to woman, children on Sooke trail
Suspect believed to be between 55 and 65 years of age
B.C. health ministry commits $6.25M to hospital expansion in Port Alberni
Plans for larger emergency department have been on hold since 2015
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Afghans hold portraits of former President Burhanuddin Rabbani, as they shout anti-government slogans during a demonstration in Kabul on Tuesday. Last week's killing of Rabbani, an ethnic Tajik, was the latest targeting his party and it has stoked fears of increased factionalism. Shah Marai/AFP/Getty Images hide caption
Shah Marai/AFP/Getty Images
Afghan Factions Vie For Position
September 30, 2011 • In Afghanistan, ethnic political parties are carving up the government and military in anticipation of renewed factional fighting after Western forces leave the country. Tajik and Pashtun groups, in particular, are placing party faithful in key posts.
Afghan Factions Vie For Position Amid Civil War Fears
Afghans carry the coffin of Afghanistan High Peace Council head and former President Burhanuddin Rabbani during his burial ceremony in Kabul, Sept. 23. A suicide bomber assassinated Rabbani on Sept. 20, which further complicates the thorny issue of negotiating with the Taliban. Ahmad Masood/AFP/Getty Images hide caption
Ahmad Masood/AFP/Getty Images
Killing Deals Another Blow To Afghan Peace Talks
September 26, 2011 • A suicide bomber last week killed former Afghan President Burhanuddin Rabbani, who headed the country's council for peace and reconciliation. His death further damages the already limited prospects of peace negotiations.
Sakina sits with her 18-month-old son, Shafiq, at a women's shelter in Bamiyan, in central Afghanistan, last October. Sakina spent seven months in prison for leaving a forced marriage. The Afghan government recently backed down from a plan to take control of women's shelters, and women's groups are hailing it as a victory. Paula Bronstein/Getty Images hide caption
Paula Bronstein/Getty Images
Afghan Women Fight Back, Preserve Shelters
September 26, 2011 • Women's groups in Afghanistan rose up in protest when the government said it was planning to take control of women's shelters. After months of discussion, the government backed down. The shelters will remain independent and are able to receive money from donors.
Afghanistan's Former President Rabbani Assassinated
September 20, 2011 • Burhanuddin Rabbani, the head of the Afghan Peace Council and former president of Afghanistan, was killed in a bombing in the nation's capital.
Protesters in Kabul demonstrate against the results of last September's parliamentary poll, Jan. 23. A year after the elections were held, Afghan President Hamid Karzai and lawmakers are still fighting over the results, and the Parliament has accomplished very little. Musadeq Sadeq/AP hide caption
Musadeq Sadeq/AP
Afghan Parliament Still Stymied By Election Dispute
September 19, 2011 • It's been a year since Afghanistan elected a parliament. But a dispute between President Hamid Karzai and lawmakers has kept the Parliament from passing any significant laws.
20-Hour Insurgent Attack Ends In Afghan Capital
September 14, 2011 • In Afghanistan, a bloody 20-hour insurgent attack on the capital Kabul ended Wednesday morning. All the assailants are dead. The attackers took control of a building that had a clear line of fire to the U.S Embassy and NATO headquarters in the heart of the city.
Insurgents Fire On U.S. Embassy In Afghan Capital
September 13, 2011 • Insurgents appear to have launched a coordinated attack in the heart of Afghanistan's capital city. Rocket propelled grenades and assault weapons could be heard across Kabul — targeting the U.S. Embassy and NATO headquarters.
Rockets Fired At U.S. Embassy In Kabul
September 13, 2011 • Afghan officials say insurgents have been firing rockets at the U.S. Embassy in Kabul. Police describe a large group of gunmen firing heavy weapons in the downtown and diplomatic quarter.
77 U.S. Troops Wounded In Taliban Truck Bomb
September 12, 2011 • Late Saturday night, a Taliban truck bomb ripped through a military base in eastern Afghanistan, injuring 77 U.S. troops. It also sent shrapnel up to a mile away, killing an Afghan policeman and four civilians.
Shown here in 1997, the "Lion of the Panjshir," Ahmad Shah Massoud (left), fought against the Soviets in the 1980s, was a central figure in the Afghan civil war of the '90s and led the resistance against the Taliban until his death on Sept. 9, 2001, the victim of al-Qaida suicide bombers. Emmanuel Dunand/AFP/Getty Images hide caption
Emmanuel Dunand/AFP/Getty Images
Reflecting On Sept. 11, 2001
In Afghanistan, A Rebel Leader's Legacy
September 9, 2011 • Ten years ago, the most famous rebel leader in Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, was killed by al-Qaida as the opening salvo for the Sept. 11 attacks. Revered by followers, Massoud had led the fight against the Taliban.
In Afghanistan, Assessing A Rebel Leader's Legacy
Afghanistan is a country of the young: According to best estimates, at least half the population was under age 10 when the Sept. 11 attacks took place a decade ago. Now, a generation of Afghans has very little knowledge about the events that so transformed their country. In this photo, Afghan children gather for school in Old Kabul in August 2010. Yuri Cortez/AFP/Getty Images hide caption
Yuri Cortez/AFP/Getty Images
For Young Afghans, History's Lessons Lost?
September 8, 2011 • Afghanistan has probably changed more than any other country since the Sept. 11 attacks, and yet most young people have little knowledge of what happened that day, or how it led to the arrival of U.S. troops.
U.S. Marines patrol with Afghan forces through a harvested poppy field in Northern Marjah in southern Afghanistan's Helmand province, June 6, 2011. Ten years after the fall of the Taliban, progress on U.S. pledges to help Afghanistan is mixed. David Gilkey/NPR/Redux hide caption
David Gilkey/NPR/Redux
In Afghanistan, Reviewing A Decade Of Promises
September 2, 2011 • In April 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush spelled out America's pledges to help rebuild a post-Taliban Afghanistan. Some areas, such as infrastructure and medical care, have seen noticeable progress. But in others, such as security, the economy and government, progress has been uneven, at best.
U.S. soldiers check for land mines on a canal running through Highway 1 in Afghanistan's Kandahar province, Aug. 6. Improvised explosive devices, or IEDs, are the Taliban's weapon of choice and are the leading killer of civilians and soldiers in Afghanistan. Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images hide caption
Romeo Gacad/AFP/Getty Images
Training Afghans To Take Over Bomb-Defusing
August 31, 2011 • NATO and U.S. forces are training Afghans to take over the task of combating improvised explosive devices — the Taliban's weapon of choice and the leading killer of civilians and soldiers in the Afghan insurgency.
Incarcerated children sit at the Kabul Juvenile Rehabilitation Center May 18, in Kabul, Afghanistan. The four boys were believed to have been recruited by the Taliban as suicide bombers. In an end-of-Ramadan tradition, President Hamid Karzai recently ordered the release of two dozen children held as suspected suicide bombers. Paula Bronstein/Getty Images hide caption
Afghan President Pardons Would-Be Suicide Bombers
August 29, 2011 • Afghan President Hamid Karzai ordered the release of two dozen children — the youngest of whom was 8 — who had been arrested for planned or attempted suicide bombings. Several high-profile incidents this year have involved youths who carried out suicide attacks.
Tayyeb Agha at a Taliban press conference in November 2001 in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Patrick Aventurier/Gamma/Getty hide caption
Patrick Aventurier/Gamma/Getty
The Taliban's Likely Negotiator With The U.S.
July 22, 2011 • Most observers in Kabul now believe the U.S. has met face to face with a Taliban envoy, and the most likely interlocutor is Tayyeb Agha. He's thought to be one of a few people with regular access to Taliban leader Mullah Omar.
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Tuesday, 23 Sep 2014
The sad and fascinating tale of Scotland’s legendary golfing champions, Old Tom Morris and his son Young Tom, is revealed in a special display by the National Records of Scotland.
National Records of Scotland today publishes its Digital Preservation Strategy. This document sets out the key elements of a five-year digital preservation programme which will allow NRS to establish a fully-functioning
Friday, 12 Sep 2014
The Digital Preservation Coalition (http://www.dpconline.org) have announced the thirteen finalists for the Digital Preservation Awards 2014.
Provisional figures for births, deaths and other vital events registered during the second quarter of 2014 are published today by the National Records of Scotland.
Friday, 22 Aug 2014
The Keeper’s second Annual Report on the Public Records (Scotland) Act 2011 has now been laid before the Scottish Parliament and published.
Thursday, 14 Aug 2014
To mark the centenary of the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, National Records of Scotland presents a free archive display that highlights some of the demographic changes that occurred before, during and after the conflict.
Registrar General’s annual review of demographic trends published
National Records of Scotland (NRS) today publishes ‘Scotland’s Population 2013 – the Registrar General’s Annual Review of Demographic Trends’. It is accompanied by a wide range of other statistics on births, stillbirths, adoptions, marriages, civil partnerships, deaths and life expectancy, which appear in the Vital Events Reference Tables, in ‘Drug-related Deaths in Scotland in 2013’, and in website sections on deaths from certain causes and national life tables.
Wednesday, 13 Aug 2014
Census 2011: Release 3H - Detailed characteristics on Labour Market and Transport in Scotland
Wednesday, 30 Jul 2014
Figures published today by the National Records of Scotland (NRS) show that the total number of households in Scotland is projected to increase by a sixth over the next 25 years to 2.78 million.
Census 2011: Release 3G - Detailed characteristics on Labour Market and Education in Scotland
Statistics published today by the National Records of Scotland (NRS) show that between mid-2012 and mid-2013 the populations of 20 Council areas in Scotland increased while the populations of the remaining 12 decreased or remained the same.
Census 2011: Release 3F - Detailed characteristics on Health in Scotland
The statistics published today by the Registrar General for Scotland on the Scotland’s Census website (www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk) present further details on health (Release 3F), from national to local level.
Provisional figures for births, deaths and other vital events registered during the first quarter of 2014 are published today by the National Records of Scotland.
Wednesday, 4 Jun 2014
Census 2011: Release 3E - Detailed characteristics on Population and Households in Scotland.
The statistics published today by the Registrar General for Scotland on the Scotland’s Census website present further details on population and households (Release 3E), from national to local level.
The last wills of 31,000 Scottish soldiers are being made available online on ScotlandsPeople by the National Records of Scotland as part of commemorations of the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the First World War.
Census 2011: Release 3D - Detailed characteristics on Population and Households in Scotland
The statistics published today by the Registrar General for Scotland on the
Scotland’s Census website present further details on population and households (Release 3D), from national to local level.
Scotland’s population is projected to continue to rise by about 9 per cent over the next 25 years, but not at an even rate across the country.
The number of people registered to vote in elections in Scotland continued to rise, according to figures published today by National Records of Scotland.
Wednesday, 30 Apr 2014
Scotland’s population continues to rise and reached its highest ever total in 2013.
The statistics published below by the National Records of Scotland (NRS) show that the estimated population of Scotland was 5,327,700 in mid-2013, the highest ever.
Life expectancy at birth varies considerably for areas in Scotland, according to a report published today by the National Records of Scotland (NRS) which breaks down by administrative area the Scotland level estimates published on 21 March.
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The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For
Medically Reviewed The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For
mbg Senior Sustainability Editor By Emma Loewe
mbg Senior Sustainability Editor
Emma Loewe is the Sustainability Editor at mindbodygreen and the author of "The Spirit Almanac: A Modern Guide To Ancient Self Care."
Medical review by Bindiya Gandhi, M.D.
Dr. Bindiya Gandhi is an American Board Family Medicine–certified physician who completed her family medicine training at Georgia Regents University/Medical College of Georgia.
The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For
The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For
Image by MaaHoo Studio / Stocksy
Share on: The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For
Share on: The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For The Most Bioavailable Forms Of Magnesium + What Each One Is Used For
Magnesium is an essential mineral that helps keep hundreds of body processes humming along.* Maintaining adequate magnesium levels can also help protect us from heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and migraines, according to the NIH.*
The mineral is present in foods such as leafy greens, avocado, and dark chocolate. However, a National Health and Nutrition Examination survey found that 48% of Americans weren't getting enough of it in their diets between 2013 and 2016. Enter: magnesium supplements, of which there are many forms.
When it comes to magnesium supplements, bioavailability is important.
Every time you take a supplement, some of it gets lost in the body before it gets a chance to do its job. The percentage of supplement that actually makes it into the bloodstream after processing is known as its bioavailability. The higher a supplement's bioavailability, the more effectively it can deliver the intended health benefits.
On its own, magnesium has very low bioavailability. To be turned into a supplement, the mineral is paired with another organic compound that makes it easier for the body to absorb. The resulting combination is either organic, in this case meaning it dissolves well in liquid, or inorganic, meaning it doesn't. Organic forms of magnesium tend to be more easily absorbed and therefore more bioavailable.
Inorganic and less absorbable magnesium combinations, such as magnesium carbonate, magnesium chloride, magnesium gluconate, and magnesium oxide, tend to come with certain side effects. "It forms these clusters of water," functional medicine doctor Robert Rountree, M.D., explains in an episode of the mindbodygreen podcast, "and that basically hurries things along in the gut, shall we say."
Yep, loose stools, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping can occur when you take certain kinds of magnesium or when you consume the mineral in high doses. (The recommended cap on magnesium supplementation is 350 milligrams daily for adults.)
The most bioavailable forms of magnesium.
The other organic compound you'll find in a magnesium supplement pairing usually comes with a benefit of its own. This means that choosing the right supplement for you is largely a matter of needs and preference. Here's a rundown of some of the most bioavailable forms of magnesium supplements and what they do.
4. Magnesium L-threonate
This bioavailable form of magnesium is easily absorbed by the body. It has been shown to have neuroprotective qualities in preliminary animal studies, but it's the least researched form of magnesium on the list.
3. Magnesium malate
Magnesium malate, which combines magnesium with malic acid, is relatively easy to digest and it seems to stick around in the body longer than other forms of magnesium. It's often taken to ease muscle cramps or treat specific muscle issues like fibromyalgia.
2. Magnesium citrate
Magnesium citrate is widely considered one of the most bioavailable forms of magnesium, and it's a laxative that is usually used to treat constipation.
1. Magnesium glycinate
Finally, you have magnesium glycinate, which is a bioavailable form of magnesium that's used to promote sleep.*
magnesium+
The deep and restorative sleep you've always dreamt about, featuring magnesium glycinate.*
"We've been using magnesium to help people sleep forever. And it makes sense," Rountree said on the podcast. "It's a natural muscle relaxant, so it helps the whole body calm down.* It lowers blood pressure.* So it does basically all the things that you want to do to get the body ready for sleep and to help maintain sleep.*" The glycine it's paired with is also thought to promote sleep quality.*
This is the form of magnesium that mindbodygreen chose to make its first sleep supplement, magnesium+.* The mineral is paired with PharmaGABA, a natural sleep enhancer, and jujube, a fruit used in traditional Chinese medicine for calming and sedation, for a formula that can help people fall asleep faster, stay asleep longer, and wake up feeling restored.* And the glycinate's bioavailability means that these benefits won't be lost on you.*
Emma Loewe mbg Senior Sustainability Editor
Emma Loewe is the Senior Sustainability Editor at mindbodygreen and the co-author of The Spirit Almanac: A Modern Guide To Ancient Self Care, which she wrote alongside Lindsay Kellner....
https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/magnesium-bioavailability-importance-and-absorbable-forms
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For important COVID-safety and visitor information please see Visit Us
Tagged: Indigenous Australians
Portraits of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
In these portraits, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders talk about their lives. Interview subjects include David Gulpilil, Rachel Perkins and Wayne Blair. They discuss the impact that white...
Twenty-five years ago on 3 June 1992, the High Court handed down its judgement in the Mabo case. Eddie Koiki Mabo (1936–1992) was a Meriam man from the island of Mer (Murray Island) in the Torres...
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art and Artists
This collection illustrates the many and varied ways that Australia's First Peoples express themselves through art. The collection also shows how Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander peoples have...
Archie Roach collection
Archie Roach's powerful songs tell his story of heartbreaking loss, love and healing through music. He is a Gunditjmara and Bundjalung man, born in Mooroopna, Victoria in 1956. A musician, author...
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women of Music
Celebrating the black and deadly women of Australian music, from Fanny Cochrane Smith in the 1890s to Jessica Mauboy in the 21st century. Music and dance are an integral part of ongoing Aboriginal...
Archie Roach and Ruby Hunter
Archie Roach and Ruby Hunter were partners in life and music for more than 35 years before Ruby's death in 2010. It was Ruby who encouraged Archie to make his first album when he was reluctant,...
First Australians
The landmark television series First Australians explores the history of Australia from an Indigenous perspective. In seven one-hour episodes, it explores what happens when the oldest living culture...
Deep Dive: Trevor Graham and Mabo: Life of an Island Man
To celebrate NAIDOC Week, this month’s Deep Dive looks at Mabo: Life of an Island Man (1997) and features a yarn with Indigenous Connections Manager Tasha James and the film's director, Trevor Graham...
Returning Indigenous Cultural Materials
Ann Robb looks at the process of returning Indigenous cultural materials, including those that were once housed in the former Institute of Anatomy building before it became NFSA headquarters in...
Newscaf: Harbour Bridge Reconciliation Walk
To coincide with National Reconciliation Week 2020, we look back at the Walk for Reconciliation across the Sydney Harbour Bridge, which took place 20 years ago on 28 May 2000.
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Working as a team of eight in conjunction with the Superintendent, the NISD Board of Trustees are an elected governance board with a shared sense of purpose focused on meeting the needs of all NISD students and the communities they serve.
Northside Independent School District’s Board of Trustees and Administration advocate to advance policies that foster the best public education in Texas.
View Government Relations and Advocacy
Dr. Brian T. Woods | Superintendent
Linda Magee | Executive Assistant
Dr. Brian T. Woods, a longtime Northside ISD educator, became Superintendent in July 2012. He began his career in Northside in 1992 as a social studies teacher and has also worked as an Assistant Principal, Vice Principal, Principal, Assistant Superintendent and Deputy Superintendent. Dr. Woods has a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Texas at Austin and a master’s degree and doctorate in educational leadership from the University of Texas at San Antonio.
He is President-elect of the Texas Association of School Administrators and is a member of the Go Public Steering Committee, the Board of P16Plus Council of Greater Bexar County, and the San Antonio Chamber of Commerce. He also serves as an officer in Texas School Alliance. Dr. Woods and his wife Meredith have a son who attends a Northside ISD high school.
Woods' Weekly
Woods' Weekly is written by Superintendent Brian T. Woods and is sent to Northside ISD staff every Monday to keep them updated on local and state education issues.
View Woods' Weekly
The Superintendent's Cabinet serves as the executive leadership and management group that reports directly to the Superintendent of Schools.
View the Superintendent's Cabinet
About NISD
Established in 1949 by the consolidation of 12 rural school districts, Northside today is 355 square miles of urban landscape, suburban communities, and rural Texas hill country. As South Texas’ largest school system, Northside is the “Destination District” for thousands of families wanting a high quality school system.
In 1949, 12 rural school districts joined to form Northside Consolidated School District. Though spread out across Northwest Bexar county, the community came together to build a high school because they recognized the importance of education for all children.
Learn more about 70 years of history
Early dismissal days allow more teacher planning time
Kindergarten registration set for Jan. 19-29
Only 10th graders signed up to take exam allowed on campuses Jan. 26
Magnet schools offer choices for NISD students
NISD to provide free meals for students during Winter Break
Northside celebrates the Season of Giving
Explore all District News
@NISD
It's Maintenance/Custodial Appreciation Day in Northside! While these employees have always been essential in keepi… https://t.co/6D2NWFckMf
Six NISD schools will be hosting @connectforlife blood drives this upcoming Monday, Jan. 18. Donations are by appoi… https://t.co/4NQfuQnKpO
#NISDFamily- @NISDAdamsHillES has received another $2,500 grant from @NationalPTA to expand their on-campus Patriot… https://t.co/kYTOBFVQFr
NISD-TV produces a variety of informational and promotional videos about Northside's educational programs, schools, staff members, students, challenges and successes.
Visit NISD TV
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Justin Townes Earle at Celtic Connections, Glasgow
Carol C Posted On January 18, 2015
Another new year, and another Celtic Connections festival to bring rays of sunshine and warmth to an otherwise dark, cold month. Taking place over 18 days in Glasgow, and with literally hundreds of artists, the festival has become an annual pilgrimage for lovers of traditional and roots music, world, indie, jazz, folk, soul and Americana.
Justin Townes Earle was originally scheduled to appear in an intimate converted church with a capacity of just a few hundred. However, demand for tickets was such that his gig was moved to a very large venue with a capacity of 1500 – certainly not my favourite venue, as it tends to be soulless and a bit claustrophobic when packed to capacity. And it was packed to capacity, despite the freezing tempratures in the City. Before he appeared on stage, Justin’s set initially looked a bit lost on the massive stage as he had only brought a single musician to accompany him. But that musician was the stellar Paul Niehaus, who accompanied Justin on guitar and pedal steel, and together they created layers of sound that surpassed all expectations.
Justin has played Celtic Connections before – he appeared back in 2011, when he was little known in the UK and certainly didn’t attract such large crowds. I recall that gig well, not only for the great music and my first introduction to ‘Mama’s Eyes’, but for the sense of sadness I felt watching the musician, who was clearly troubled, as has been well documented, and he had very little interaction with the audience. Roll on four years, and Justin now has a huge presence on stage, joking with the audience, cursing his guitar which won’t stay in tune, and brimming with energy and confidence. He jokingly referred to his previous appearance at Celtic Connections, saying he couldn’t remember it at all! His performance of Mama’s Eyes this time round was once again a highlight of the evening. He let Paul Niehaus take a break whilst he entertained the enthralled audience with a clearly ad hoc set. He had two attempts at Mama’s Eyes before he was happy, saying that it was his Mother’s favourite song so he needed to get it right!
With two very recent albums – ‘Single Mothers’ and ‘Absent Fathers’ – Justin had a wealth of new material to cover. The large audience was hushed to silence for ‘White Gardenias’ and, with eyes closed, it was almost impossible to believe that there was only a single musician on stage, such was the complexity of Justin’s guitar playing. When he was joined by Paul Niehaus on pedal steel, the duo created layers of sound which brought soul to the large venue. Much of Justin’s back catalogue was covered, although he quickly admitted that he couldn’t always remember the words of his earlier songs. Thankfully this wasn’t the case for Harlem River Blues which was repeatedly requested by the crowd.
Justin has come a long way since his 2011 appearance at Celtic Connections – his sound has matured, but he has also matured and is clearly much happier personally. Hopefully he will remember his 2015 appearance at Celtic Connections, as I certainly will.
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This ain’t Dollywood – There’s golden lore in them thar hills
Archive Posted On March 1, 1997
Just north of Knoxville, up the road from Oak Ridge and the Bull Run Steam Plant, the wending Clinch and Tennessee rivers, past the Sinking Springs Methodist Church and the famed Norris Dam, off the Andersonville Highway, sprawls the internationally renowned Museum of Appalachia. The founder, John Rice Irwin, is working hard today — putting up a new building with “the boys,” waiting on a surveyor to show up, and, later, bringing a newborn lamb into the gift shop from the snow to warm it by the fire. There are chickens to feed, a garden to be worked — ” I could make my supper tonight outta that garden, on turnips and carrots, ” he says — and exhibits to update. Everywhere he looks, John Rice finds things to be done.
Over the phone he asks who my daddy is. That he knows him is not an oddity. It’s a closely knit community, Anderson County. Folks know each other because of what they do, who their parents are, where they live and go to church. Later, at the Museum’s restaurant just off the gift shop, as we lunch on pintos, slaw, broccoli casserole, and cornbread, we talk. Actually, I answer questions. “What kinda music do you like?” “Do you know who Doc Watson is?” “Have you seen my chicks?” “Didn’t your daddy grow up on a farm? His mother still living?” (Very much alive, my grandmother, upon her visit to the Museum, said, “Shit! This ain’t no different than what we had.” The very stamp of authenticity.)
This place ain’t Dollywood, a fun-filled amusement park with gaudy lights, rides, shows, and people in funky outfits who take them off when the park gates close at night. The Museum of Appalachia, a 60-acre working farm and living village, is a lifeway in itself. The vegetable gardens are worked to feed the Irwin family and neighbors; classes are offered in quilting, basketry and other pioneer crafts; animals are tended; buildings are constructed and repaired; friends drop by to visit or lend a hand; and the Museum’s band members often stroll the grounds, playing. It is here that John Rice writes his books, prepares his lectures, works side by side with his wife and daughter. And it is here that his friend Alex Haley spent the last years of his life.
John Rice Irwin, educator, farmer, author, businessman and archivist, began the Museum in one little building in the late 1960s. His commitment to preserving the old ways has illuminated an international public, who for the last three decades have come to visit and learn. Armed with a map, a visitor takes a self-guided tour around the gardens and livestock (cattle, horses, sheep, fowl) to observe the daily routine, listen to fiddlers, see the original dwellings of early settlers (many of which have been carefully moved and restored from their original location, including the Tennessee home of Mark Twain’s family), antiquated jail cells, old-time barns, and trade shops filled with handmade tools.
In the Hall of Fame and the Display Barn, a visitor can see such relics as looms, farm tools, baskets, Native American pottery and trade beads, an abundance of musical instruments, folk art from the self-taught, antique furnishings and quilts. Each environment or item on display has been collected, researched, authenticated, often refurbished. Background information is provided by mostly hand-lettered signs, which supply details on such pieces as a man’s glass eye, a decorated wooden bedspread smoother, an early-20th-century dental office, a glorious antique toy collection, or the birth of Redd Stewart’s “Tennessee Waltz”.
Special events are scheduled throughout the year; the largest, the annual Tennessee Fall Homecoming, has been held each of the last 17 years, beginning the second full weekend in October. The Homecoming includes music in old-time mountain tradition, folk, gospel and bluegrass, as well as buck dancing and clogging. There are craftsmen and women, a local and regional writer’s table, genealogical guides for finding one’s kinfolk, hymn singing in the log church, sheep herding, country food tasting and many other activities in addition to the Museum’s year-round exhibits. Last year, performers included Roy Acuff’s Smoky Mountain Boys, Grandpa and Ramona Jones, John Hartford, Janette Carter (yes, of those Carters), Jimmy Driftwood, and the Museum of Appalachia Band, of which John Rice Irwin is a member.
Music as language and focal point of recreation figures prominently. In one large room surrounded with guitars, banjos, dulcimers and other Appalachian instruments from old to current times, one finds the chronicled history of country music. There is Roy Acuff’s fiddle and memorabilia, Red Rector’s mandolin case, and the story of WNOX, Tennessee’s first radio station (which launched the careers of Chet Atkins, Kitty Wells and the Louvin Brothers, among others). The room’s center is dedicated to Bill Monroe and the Carter Family. Beside Sister Helen’s accordion is a bible that belonged to Irwin’s cousin. Open, it displays a black and white photo glued inside the cover; the attending placard reads, “No self-respecting Christian would ever desecrate their Bible by pasting a picture in it — unless of course, it was of the revered Carter Family.”
Essentially, however, Irwin has placed his emphasis not on the famous, but on those whose precious lives could easily have faded beyond recognition if not for his devotion.
“Pictured here are my friends: The warm, happy, independent folk of Southern Appalachia, they are my people and the people I love, and it was because of them and hundreds like them that I started the Museum of Appalachia — and it is to them that this Hall of Fame is dedicated.” — John Rice Irwin
So reads the hand-lettered sign upon entry to the Museum of Appalachia’s Hall of Fame, the first official stop on the self-guided tour that makes up this amazing homage to the past, looking forward through the window of understanding, knowledge, honor. Below the sign are labeled black and white photographs; largely, elderly mountain folk smiling out from weathered faces in their worn clothing, eyes focused on their friend, John Rice, who has snapped the photo, listened intently, and recognized their contribution to a rich tradition of living with grace.
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'CDC is putting American lives at risk': Members of Congress call for CDC to reinstate cruise 'no-sail' order
Morgan Hines
Members of Congress are calling for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to reinstate its "no-sail" order, which expired at the end of October and was replaced by a "Conditional Sailing Order" that allows a phased-in return to cruising.
"The CDC is putting American lives at risk, not to mention the potential for enhancing the spread worldwide," Sen. Richard Blumenthal, a Democrat from Connecticut, told USA TODAY Friday.
Blumenthal and Rep. Doris Matsui, a Democrat from California, who are co-sponsors of the proposed Cruise Passenger Protection Act, made the request for reinstatement in a letter to CDC Director Robert Redfield.
The letter came after a cluster of COVID-19 cases emerged on SeaDream Yacht Club's SeaDream I, which is currently docked in Barbados after having to cut its first Caribbean voyage short due to the outbreak. “These multiple cases are only the first sign of a looming public health disaster," Blumenthal said.
“In light of these disturbing reports, we feel strongly that you should reverse course on the recent decision by the (CDC) to take a phased approach to restarting cruise line operations in the United States,” Blumenthal and Matsui wrote. “Instead, we implore you to extend the prior no-sail order until a time when the health and safety of passengers and crew can be assured.”
They pointed out in the letter that in spite of the cruise line's efforts to sail safely, including aggressive testing, social distancing, mask wearing requirements and more, the precautions weren't enough to stop the coronavirus from infecting at least seven passengers on board the SeaDream.
"According to the CDC’s own no-sail order, '[c]ruise ships continue to be an unsafe environment with close quarters where the disease spreads easily and is not readily detected,'" the letter continues. "In fact, cruise ships were breeding grounds for the virus at the epicenter of the initial COVID-19 outbreak. With the images of passengers and crew stranded aboard the Grand Princess still fresh in our minds, it is imperative that we learn from the past and take immediate action to prevent history from repeating itself."
The Grand Princess was one of two Princess Cruises ships that experienced an early outbreak of COVID-19, forcing passengers to quarantine during the pandemic's onset in the beginning of March.
The letter Blumenthal and Matsui sent to the CDC Friday isn't the only one the agency has received from Congress.
In September, before extending its order until Oct. 31, the CDC requested that the "no-sail" order be extended to Feb. 15, 2021, but compromised with the White House Task Force to extend it only until Oct. 31, four days before the Nov. 3 election, a person familiar with the situation but not authorized to speak publicly told USA TODAYat the time.
As a result, Rep. Sean Patrick Maloney, a Democrat from New York who chairs the House subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation, has made an official request for records from the CDC. The request came amid circulating allegations that President Donald Trump's administration intervened when the CDC proposed that its "no-sail" order, banning cruise ships carrying more than 250 passengers from sailing in U.S. waters be extended into February amid coronavirus pandemic uncertainty.
Blumenthal and Matsui acknowledged that the "Conditional Sailing Order" listed out a "seemingly robust and phased approach to restarting cruise line operations" but said they have concerns that cruising is "simply unsafe during a global pandemic," especially as cases continue to rise across the country, which had seen more than 10.6 million cases and nearly 243,000 deaths by Friday afternoon according to Johns Hopkins data.
The conditional order "lacks efficient specificity and rigor," Blumenthal said, noting that in order for cruising to restart, he believes there needs to be "a much reduced incidence of the disease," "very stiff guidelines and restrictions on the number of people on board" and "routine testing." But most of all, he said, the pandemic "as we know it now" must end before cruise ships can safely sail.
The cruise industry made the call earlier this month to extend its own voluntary pause on operations until 2021. By pushing sailing off until the new year, they will have more time to prepare and align industry protocols with standards in the CDC's new order, which includes test sailings, among other requirements to be completed, before passenger cruises can resume.
In the letter, Blumenthal and Matsui requested a response from Redfield no later than Nov. 27.
"We’ll see massive outbreaks on cruise ships, which will become floating hot spots with major casualties and potential to spread this disease all around the world (if sailing restarts)," Blumenthal said, noting crew members are often from countries around the world and that passengers will return to their communities, potentially further spreading the virus. "The CDC should enforce its 'no-sail' policy, which certainly should not be suspended in the midst of a raging second surge that we’re seeing right now.”
The CDC declined to comment for this story.
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You are here: Home / News / Norway gives away lead in USA loss
Norway gives away lead in USA loss
The Norwegian national ice hockey team led 2-0 against the USA going into the last period of their World Championships match on Monday night – only to end up losing 4-2 in a heart-breaking final period.
After beating arch rivals Sweden for the first time in 49 years on Saturday, the historically superior American team was always going to be a challenge for the Norwegian underdogs. Nonetheless, letting in four goals in the last period has left many fans disappointed at the team’s failure to pull off a second huge upset.
The US side, although consisting of many American National Hockey League (NHL) players, included only one member of the squad that won Olympic gold last year. Norway themselves were significantly reduced after injuries and a number of other problems that had haunted the team both before and during the tournament. The World Championships are currently taking place in Slovakia.
Two goal lead
Norway’s first goal came after eight minutes, when Ken André Olimb picked up the puck from the left and managed to score under the goaltender – a goal that required long deliberation by the referee and video referee in order to be confirmed. The USA had very little time in which to recover from the shock before Anders Biastiansen found himself one-on-one with the American goaltender, with the Norwegian coming out on top and making the score 2-0.
In the second period, the Americans pressed Norway but could not find a way through past goaltender Lars Haugen. One player, Morgan Andersen, described Haugen as “superman” when speaking to TV channel Viasat, and his efforts ensured that Norway entered the last period of the match in a commanding position.
Third period meltdown
The third period would be a completely different story, as the gulf in class between the sides began to show. Haugen himself described the side as “passive and tired” in the last period, and the USA took advantage. The Americans scored their first after just two minutes through Nick Palmieri, who was accused by some of using his skate in order to score. After that, Norway collapsed, with Jack Skille equalizing just three minutes later. Palmier scored again to give the USA the lead, before Craig Smith completed the comeback with less than a minute remaining.
Goaltender Haugen, who was also the hero of the triumph over Sweden, told Norwegian Broadcasting (NRK) that the first 20 minutes of the team’s performance had been “world class.” He pointed to a number of penalties that the team conceded as contributing to the game turning, but admitted that “the USA showed class and we could not manage an answer,” adding that he was “extremely disappointed.” Another player, Alexander Bonsaksen, admitted that Norway had been “maybe a little scared” of the US, while manager Roy Johansen described it as “a bitter loss” despite the team’s early performance.
Norway’s next match against Austria will decide their world championships fate.
Views and News from Norway/Aled-Dilwyn Fisher
Join our Reader Response if you’d like to comment on this story.
Filed Under: News, Sports Tagged With: hockey
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Ovation TV Retains Janneman To Lead Ad Sales
By Mike Reynolds 08 April 2009
Ovation has hired Liz Janneman to head its advertising sales efforts
The cable ad sales veteran has been named senior vice president of as sales and will head the network's team from its New York offices. She reports directly to Ovation TV CEO Charles Segars.
Janneman brings over 20 years of managerial experience to Ovation from stints at Current TV, The Weather Channel, AOL/Time Warner, Turner Entertainment and Saatchi & Saatchi.
Most recently, Janneman served as president of ad sales for Current, where she oversaw ad sales efforts for both the channel and currentv.com. Prior to that, she was senior vice president of ad sales for Weather for two years.
Previously, she was executive vice president of ad sales for AOL/Time Warner where she was responsible for ad sales efforts for TNT and TBS, during which time revenues doubled to exceed $1 billion annually.
"We are thrilled to have been able to attract such an experienced and accomplished ad sales executive to head the Ovation TV sales team," said Segars in a statement. "Even in these challenging times, the power of the Ovation TV brand and its unique category has created explosive growth in ad sales, distribution and consumer awareness. Liz, along with Deborah Cuffaro and the rest of the sales team, will be a powerful combination in continuing this momentum."
Noted Janneman: "I am very excited to be working with Deb and the entire team at Ovation TV. What an incredible job they've done in just two years. I was so impressed with their progress both on the distribution side and the advertising side that I knew I wanted to be a part of the next phase of growth for this network. I have always enjoyed working on unique brands with broad appeal and as the only television channel dedicatedto the arts and contemporary culture, Ovation TV is certainly that."
FCC's C-Band Auction Ends on $80,916,832,754 High Note
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Posted on November 24, 2017 by Point Pleasant Register
Two sides of a cultural coin
By Kevin Kelly - Contributing columnist
Couldn’t help noticing that two deaths making headlines in the past week represented such seriously opposite ends of American society during the late 1960s and early ’70s, and how they were viewed through the eyes of some of us — me, at least — who were growing up at the time and getting a sense of the world in which we lived.
Charles Manson, cult leader and mass murderer whose followers’ killing rampage in early August 1969 not only shocked the nation but introduced us to the concept of sudden and seemingly random violence, took his last breath at 83 on Nov. 19 after more than four decades of imprisonment. Defiant and attracting disciples right to the end, Manson became the icon of a turbulent decade when people honestly wondered if a divided America could ever heal itself, and an everlasting symbol of evil. The murders of rising screen actress Sharon Tate, several of her friends and an innocent couple over two days seemed to be the last straw on a society then strained by changing mores, increased drug usage and protest against our military commitment to Vietnam.
Thinking back, it did seem to be a crazy time in which we were surrounded in my family’s rural section of upstate New York. I was 12 and beginning to pay attention to what was happening in that world. That particular summer was pretty significant in terms of events. The famous three-day concert on Max Yasgur’s farm in adjoining Sullivan County that came to be known as Woodstock happened in mid-August to the amazement or disgust of the locals, depending on who you talked to, while others coped with the idea that such a mass of people crowded into an isolated spot in the foothills of the Catskill Mountains just for music and the experience.
My good friend Tom Degan, who now comments on the national scene not far from where he grew up in Goshen, N.Y., once brilliantly painted in words how he and a cousin rode their bikes down to the bridge spanning Route 17 the week of Woodstock to see how choked the westbound lanes were with traffic headed to the event. You didn’t even see that on summer Fridays when New York City dwellers fled to the resorts like the one depicted in “Dirty Dancing” for a breath of fresh air.
Three weeks earlier, on July 20, we watched our televisions with awe as astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin descended from a landing unit onto the surface of the Moon, fulfilling the late President Kennedy’s pledge to put Americans on lunar topsoil by the end of the ’60s and ahead of the Soviets. I think our elation at achieving such a marvel in a short amount of time was then deflated by the brutality of the Manson murders, that back home we had not cured the social ills and failings that created a Charles Manson. We last went to the Moon in 1972, but are still dealing with those same problems that drive some individuals to take as many lives as possible.
As I recall within our group of junior high male types, Manson’s Svengali-like ability to influence and bend people to his will in the far-off (to us) universe of California commune living, drugs and the counterculture exerted a certain fascination, although we all knew what had been done by him and his merry band of fellow psychos was abhorrent. Twelve years later, listening to onetime prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi describe his trial experiences with Manson to an audience at then-Rio Grande College, such juvenile wonderings had been long replaced in my mind by the belief we were all better off with him being behind bars for the rest of his life.
Announcement of David Cassidy’s passing at 67 on Nov. 21 brought me back to the other side of the cultural coin at the time I and my friends transitioned into high school, older perhaps but certainly not much wiser. “The Partridge Family” debuted on ABC-TV on Sept. 25, 1970, and brought David, stepson of series star Shirley Jones, into prominence as vocalist for the band whose weekly adventures became the stuff of sitcom history for four seasons.
The show and its music were poles apart from the societal and cultural issues represented by Manson, then facing trial for his crimes, and leaned more to the kind of America to which some folks clung so desperately. Small wonder then that “The Partridge Family” followed “The Brady Bunch” on the network’s Friday schedule for most of its run. David Cassidy and the top 40 soft rock kind of sound, exemplified by his delivery, trendy but clean-cut look and striving for wholesomeness, was an alternative to the emergence of what was once called “acid” rock whose lyrics and instrumentals pointed to a more personal and chaotic vision from its creators.
For those of us pursuing our parochial school lives and seeking diversion at the time, that’s all acid rock (now called “classic” rock) was — a diversion, and in some cases with those individuals who formed bands, an avocation. There were guys who were really passionate about that scene, but much of it was as unreal and unattainable as the stuff fronted by “The Partridge Family.”
Differing tastes tended to obscure David’s talents as a musician and performer, and in later years his skills found an outlet on the stage and in touring. By the close of the ’70s, in a not-bad attempt to stretch himself as an actor, he starred in an NBC-TV series with the self-explantory title of “David Cassidy — Man Undercover.” Structurally a pretty standard police drama that was canceled by mid-season, the stories and a more mature David were compelling enough to make the show memorable, at least for myself when I caught it on a re-run in the summer of 1979. And the David Cassidy of that period was like a lot of us — older and trying to make our way in the world.
And so it goes with the iconic figures of our youth, good and bad. We may outgrow them, they may be no longer relevant, but we never forget what made them either famous or the scourge of our times.
By Kevin Kelly
Contributing columnist
Kevin Kelly, who was affiliated with Ohio Valley Publishing for 21 years, resides in Vinton, Ohio.
Point Pleasant WV, 25550
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Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: Two sides of a cultural coin. Here is a link to that story: http://www.mydailyregister.com/opinion/21261/their-view-29
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Family's forgiveness results in driver getting one day in jail for crash that killed 2-year-old
Updated: 6:45 AM EST Dec 7, 2018
A man was sentenced Thursday in Utah for a distracted driving crash that killed a toddler.According to Fox 13, despite being charged with negligent homicide, Rick Winder was only sentenced to spend a single day in jail — because the girl's parents asked the judge to show mercy."We miss our daughter, of course, so much, but we realize that Rick is a real person. He’s a human being. It took a little while to realize that, but once we did, we were able to forgive him," said Reed Parkinson, father of the victim, 2-year-old Chelsea Parkinson.Winder admitted to being distracted while driving in April, causing him to smash into three cars waiting in a turn lane. "She was full of spunk, a wonderful little girl, so sweet and caring," Chelsea's mother, Katie Parkinson, said. "She had the cutest little, 'Hello. Hello, daddy.'"Reed Parkinson said punishing Winder would not bring his family justice."We would request that he not receive any jail time, if possible, and get the lowest amount of sentencing as possible," the father told the court. Winder expressed remorse, saying the crash was truly an accident."I want to tell them again how sorry I am for this accident and there's not a day that goes by that I don't wish I could take their little girl's place," he said. In total, Winder was sentenced to just one day of already served time in jail, 400 hours of community service, 24 months of court probation, and $993 in fees and fines."And I think that the family being willing to show some humanity and some forgiveness to Rick and his family is what ended up in a just result," defense attorney Steve Burton said. The Parkinsons now live in Colorado and say their family is doing great."Drive safely, hug your kids. Traffic accidents can happen so fast. Hold your kids tight and love them," Reed Parkinson said.
PROVO, Utah —
A man was sentenced Thursday in Utah for a distracted driving crash that killed a toddler.
According to Fox 13, despite being charged with negligent homicide, Rick Winder was only sentenced to spend a single day in jail — because the girl's parents asked the judge to show mercy.
"We miss our daughter, of course, so much, but we realize that Rick is a real person. He’s a human being. It took a little while to realize that, but once we did, we were able to forgive him," said Reed Parkinson, father of the victim, 2-year-old Chelsea Parkinson.
Winder admitted to being distracted while driving in April, causing him to smash into three cars waiting in a turn lane.
"She was full of spunk, a wonderful little girl, so sweet and caring," Chelsea's mother, Katie Parkinson, said. "She had the cutest little, 'Hello. Hello, daddy.'"
Reed Parkinson said punishing Winder would not bring his family justice.
"We would request that he not receive any jail time, if possible, and get the lowest amount of sentencing as possible," the father told the court.
Winder expressed remorse, saying the crash was truly an accident.
"I want to tell them again how sorry I am for this accident and there's not a day that goes by that I don't wish I could take their little girl's place," he said.
In total, Winder was sentenced to just one day of already served time in jail, 400 hours of community service, 24 months of court probation, and $993 in fees and fines.
"And I think that the family being willing to show some humanity and some forgiveness to Rick and his family is what ended up in a just result," defense attorney Steve Burton said.
The Parkinsons now live in Colorado and say their family is doing great.
"Drive safely, hug your kids. Traffic accidents can happen so fast. Hold your kids tight and love them," Reed Parkinson said.
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'Slow down! Stop!’: 7-year-old in coma after being hit by truck while getting off school bus
Updated: 5:50 AM EST Nov 30, 2018
A 7-year-old Maryland girl remains in critical condition after being struck by a truck while getting off her school bus this week, the latest in a recent rash of accidents involving children at bus stops.Skyla Shirriel was struck by a pickup truck Tuesday while crossing the street in Bryantown, Maryland, about an hour's drive southeast of Washington, D.C.Although the bus had activated its flashing red lights and stop sign, a 35-year-old woman driving a Ford F-250 hit the girl as she was trying to get to her home across the street, the Charles County Sheriff's Office said in a press release.Skyla was immediately flown to Children's National Hospital in Washington with critical injuries, the release said."She was late last night put in a medically induced coma," family friend Mike Wathen told WJLA on Wednesday. Diane Richardson, a spokeswoman with the Charles County Sheriff's Office, told CNN Thursday that Skyla was in critical but stable condition.The truck driver, whose name has not been disclosed, remained on the scene after the incident and the case is still under investigation, officials said."She's not in custody as charges are still pending. We are waiting for the investigation to wrap up, which could take a couple of weeks," Richardson told CNN. School officials said the family has been keeping them informed of Skyla's well being and has asked for assistance with food and gas."She is receiving the best medical attention at this time for several severe injuries, and her family is there with her," Robert Opiekun, T.C. Martin Elementary School principal, said in a press release."I spoke with Skyla's father, Mr. Shirriel, and he told me that any assistance would be appreciated."No other injuries were reported in the accident, but Charles County first responders said a 53-year-old was transported to a hospital after suffering a panic attack.Wathen said his children witnessed the incident and were nearly hit too."The other three little boys were pretty shook up. They had a tough time last night," said Wathen. "They just had questions about what happened to her. They all saw it."Bus driver Joselyn Brown told WJLA that she often sees drivers not stopping for the blinking lights and extended stop sign. "I will see them coming and know they're not gonna stop...I push my horn until they go by they still don’t stop. All of us experience it every day," she said."Just stop! Stop when you see the yellow lights even. Slow down! Stop! Somebody’s child is gonna get hurt just like what happened yesterday," said Brown.One of many recent bus-stop accidentsIn most states, drivers are required to stop and wait for a stopped school bus flashing its lights with a raised stop arm.But they often don't. The Maryland State Department of Education conducted a survey that found 3,812 bus-stop violations -- such as motorists passing stopped buses -- on one single day last spring.A similar survey by the National Association of State Directors of Pupil Transportation Services, published in August, found bus drivers reported that nearly 84,000 vehicles passed their buses illegally during the 2017-2018 school year.The latest accident in Maryland is just one of many in recent weeks. In the last month there have been at least five other reports of children being killed or injured when they were struck by vehicles while waiting for their school bus, getting off the bus or boarding the bus.In rural Indiana, three siblings were killed as they were crossing the street to catch their bus.In Tampa, Florida, five students were rushed to the hospital after a car hit them at a bus stop.In Tallahassee, Florida, a 5-year-old boy was injured while he was trying to board a bus.In Mississippi, a 9-year-old was killed as he crossed the road to board a bus.In Pennsylvania, a 7-year-old boy was found dead on the side of the road near his home after he was run over by a vehicle.
BRYANTOWN, Md. —
A 7-year-old Maryland girl remains in critical condition after being struck by a truck while getting off her school bus this week, the latest in a recent rash of accidents involving children at bus stops.
Skyla Shirriel was struck by a pickup truck Tuesday while crossing the street in Bryantown, Maryland, about an hour's drive southeast of Washington, D.C.
Although the bus had activated its flashing red lights and stop sign, a 35-year-old woman driving a Ford F-250 hit the girl as she was trying to get to her home across the street, the Charles County Sheriff's Office said in a press release.
Skyla was immediately flown to Children's National Hospital in Washington with critical injuries, the release said.
"She was late last night put in a medically induced coma," family friend Mike Wathen told WJLA on Wednesday.
Diane Richardson, a spokeswoman with the Charles County Sheriff's Office, told CNN Thursday that Skyla was in critical but stable condition.
The truck driver, whose name has not been disclosed, remained on the scene after the incident and the case is still under investigation, officials said.
"She's not in custody as charges are still pending. We are waiting for the investigation to wrap up, which could take a couple of weeks," Richardson told CNN.
School officials said the family has been keeping them informed of Skyla's well being and has asked for assistance with food and gas.
"She is receiving the best medical attention at this time for several severe injuries, and her family is there with her," Robert Opiekun, T.C. Martin Elementary School principal, said in a press release.
"I spoke with Skyla's father, Mr. Shirriel, and he told me that any assistance would be appreciated."
No other injuries were reported in the accident, but Charles County first responders said a 53-year-old was transported to a hospital after suffering a panic attack.
Wathen said his children witnessed the incident and were nearly hit too.
"The other three little boys were pretty shook up. They had a tough time last night," said Wathen. "They just had questions about what happened to her. They all saw it."
Bus driver Joselyn Brown told WJLA that she often sees drivers not stopping for the blinking lights and extended stop sign.
"I will see them coming and know they're not gonna stop...I push my horn until they go by [and] they still don’t stop. All of us experience it every day," she said."Just stop! Stop when you see the yellow lights even. Slow down! Stop! Somebody’s child is gonna get hurt just like what happened yesterday," said Brown.
One of many recent bus-stop accidents
In most states, drivers are required to stop and wait for a stopped school bus flashing its lights with a raised stop arm.
But they often don't. The Maryland State Department of Education conducted a survey that found 3,812 bus-stop violations -- such as motorists passing stopped buses -- on one single day last spring.
A similar survey by the National Association of State Directors of Pupil Transportation Services, published in August, found bus drivers reported that nearly 84,000 vehicles passed their buses illegally during the 2017-2018 school year.
The latest accident in Maryland is just one of many in recent weeks. In the last month there have been at least five other reports of children being killed or injured when they were struck by vehicles while waiting for their school bus, getting off the bus or boarding the bus.
In rural Indiana, three siblings were killed as they were crossing the street to catch their bus.
In Tampa, Florida, five students were rushed to the hospital after a car hit them at a bus stop.
In Tallahassee, Florida, a 5-year-old boy was injured while he was trying to board a bus.
In Mississippi, a 9-year-old was killed as he crossed the road to board a bus.
In Pennsylvania, a 7-year-old boy was found dead on the side of the road near his home after he was run over by a vehicle.
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Epicurious is righting cultural wrongs one recipe at a time
by: LEANNE ITALIE , Associated Press
Posted: Dec 24, 2020 / 09:22 AM EST / Updated: Dec 24, 2020 / 12:16 PM EST
NEW YORK (AP) — With a new Black editor in chief and ambitious promises to do better, a little corner of the Conde Nast universe is taking on racial and cultural injustice one recipe at a time.
Since July, the small staff at Epicurious, a resource site for home cooks, has been scouring 55 years’ worth of recipes from a variety of Conde Nast magazines in search of objectionable titles, ingredient lists and stories told through a white American lens.
“It came after Black Lives Matter, after a lot of consciousness-raising among the editors and staff,” said David Tamarkin, the white digital director for Epicurious. “It came out of conversations that we had about how we can do better, where are we failing and where have our predecessors failed?”
Called the Archive Repair Project, the work is also an outgrowth of complaints and controversies at Conde Nast. But it’s just one effort on a full plate of initiatives, said Sonia Chopra, who’s been executive editor of Bon Appetit and Epicurious for about four months, working under the new editor in chief, Dawn Davis.
In all, the 25-year-old site (with a staff of 10) is a repository of a massive 35,000 recipes from Bon Appetit, Gourmet, Self, House & Garden and Epicurious itself. They stretch back to 1965.
“The language that we use to talk about food has evolved so much from, sure, the 1960s but also the 1990s, and I think it is our duty as journalists, as people who work in food media, to make sure that we are reflecting that appropriately,” Chopra said.
Epicurious and Bon Appetit have been at the center of accusations that also plague others in the food world: undervaluing staffers of color, perpetuating structural racism, racial and gender discrimination, and more. Some of those issues led several Bon Appetit employees to leave earlier this year after Editor-in-Chief Adam Rapoport resigned over a 2004 Halloween “brownface” photo and amid allegations of racial discrimination.
While Conde Nast studies pay equity, and has issued apologies and pledges to do such things as expand unconscious-bias education and create inclusion and diversity plans, the Archive Repair Project rolls on.
The bulk of Epicurious site traffic goes to the archive, mostly recipes but also articles and other editorial work, Tamarkin and Chopra said.
“Being such an old site, we’re full of a lot of ideas about American cooking that really go through a white lens,” Tamarkin said. “We know that American cooking is Mexican American cooking and Indian American cooking and Nigerian American cooking, that that’s the kind of cooking that’s really happening in this country every day.”
One of the first issues “repaired,” he said, was use of the word “exotic.”
“I can’t think of any situation where that word would be appropriate, and yet it’s all over the site,” Tamarkin said. “That’s painful for me and I’m sure others.”
Another word requiring removal was a lime reference that included a racial slur directed at Black Africans, particularly in South Africa.
Other terms, such as “authentic” and “ethnic,” are also among repairs.
The work, Chopra said, is “certainly something that I think not just Conde Nast brands but all over food media and media in general are really thinking about.”
Since July, when Tamarkin outlined the project on Epicurious, he and his staff have fixed about 200 recipes and other work. Some repairs are more complicated than removing a single word, such as an entire story about the “ethnic” aisle at the grocery store.
“We have published recipes with headnotes that fail to properly credit the inspirations for the dish, or degrade the cuisine the dish belongs to. We have purported to make a recipe `better’ by making it faster, or swapping in ingredients that were assumed to be more familiar to American palates, or easier to find. We have inferred (and in some cases outright labeled) ingredients and techniques to be ‘surprising’ or `weird.’ And we have published terminology that was widely accepted in food writing at the time, and that we now recognize has always been racist,” Tamarkin wrote.
He noted: “Certainly there will be times when our edits do not go far enough; some of our repairs will need repairs.”
For Bon Appetit, that’s exactly what happened when an outcry among readers led it to make multiple changes including the headnote and references to Haiti on a pumpkin soup recipe put forth by Chef Marcus Samuelsson, a guest editor. The magazine referred to it as soup joumou, a beloved Haitian staple that symbolizes the country’s bloody liberation from its French colonizers.
It was not soup joumou, but was intended by Samuelsson as an homage. The magazine adapted an entry from one of his cookbooks, “The Rise: Black Cooks and the Soul of American Food.” Both Bon Appetit and Samuelsson, who is Black, apologized after calls of erasure and cultural appropriation.
Much of food media is facing race and ethnicity fallout that can be traced to white dominance in the highest echelons of the field. On the Epicurious repair project, for instance, just 31% of the people identifying and fixing the archive are staff of color.
Chopra said broader plans are in motion.
“We’re committed to building teams that are inclusive and thoughtful, and that means always assessing and reassessing our policies and processes. As we transition into 2021 with new leadership, we are examining these across the board, from hiring best practices to making sure we are communicating and working collaboratively and holistically across teams and platforms,” Chopra added.
In the meantime, Tamarkin and his crew are slowly pressing on with their archive repairs at Epicurious, where “Asian” is no longer the name of a cold rice noodle salad, and a vadouvan spice blend has lost its mention as “exotic.”
“A lot of these problems happened because there was a lack of thoughtfulness,” Tamarkin said, “so the solutions require that we be thoughtful now.”
by Dara Bitler, KDVR, Nexstar Media Wire / Jan 15, 2021
DENVER (KDVR) -- President-elect Joe Biden will take office on Jan. 20, ending one of the most controversial presidencies in history.
On Thursday morning, President Donald Trump released a statement following the confirmation of votes by Congress after a day when mobs of people flooded the U.S. Capitol.
Preview in new tab(opens in a new tab)
SYRACUSE, N.Y. (WSYR-TV) -- This May will mark the 53rd anniversary of the assassination of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Steuben County reports 61 cases of COVID-19
Bath man arrested for allegedly sexually abusing a child
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Tiffany Teo Looks Back On Another Incredible Performance
Aaron Oh
She may have been away from the Circle for more than a year, but Tiffany “No Chill” Teo picked up right where she left off with another sensational comeback win, this time to hand Ayaka Miura her first loss in ONE Championship.
Just like in her bout with Michelle Nicolini, the Singaporean star looked like she might have to tap to a tight submission attempt in the first round at ONE: KING OF THE JUNGLE, but once again, she survived and came back stronger.
Teo’s defensive grappling was exemplary and this time, she claimed victory via TKO in the dying seconds of the contest with a barrage of ground and pound her Japanese opponent had no answer for.
With the win, “No Chill” earned her second shot at “The Panda” Xiong Jing Nan for the ONE Women’s Strawweight World Title, which is expected to take place later this year.
Now that she has had the chance to celebrate her win, the 30-year-old from “The Lion City” reveals how she feels to be back in action, what was going through her mind during the bout and how it felt to earn her Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu purple belt when she got her hand raised.
ONE Championship: What did it feel like, especially after the layoff, to return to the Circle, and make that entrance walk down the ramp?
Tiffany Teo: There wasn’t any crowd but the feelings and emotions of walking to the cage to the fight was pretty much the same.
It has been a long layoff, so it felt a bit foreign. I kind of forgot what it felt like to do the walkout, and a lot of feelings were overflowing at that point in time.
Troy Worthen Believes One More Win Can Lead To A World Title Shot
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ONE: Once you stepped back inside the Circle, did everything fall right back into place?
TT: Yeah, I was already warming up backstage with my coaches and trainers before the entrance walk, so I was at the right place mentally – ready to go the moment I got inside the Circle.
ONE: Miura had you in a tight arm-triangle choke in the first round. What was your strategy and what were you thinking of at the time?
TT: In the first round my game plan was to keep things at a distance first – just trying to strike with her and not letting her close the distance, but my distance management was kind of off in the first round.
I allowed her to come too close to me, and that’s when she managed to clinch up. She was really desperate, she just held on, because that’s the only way she knows she can win the fight – based on what we have seen from all her previous fights. When she got me to the ground, I just stayed composed.
ONE: Do you think her confidence was damaged when you got up at the end of the first round?
TT: Honestly at the end of the first round, I told myself, ‘You’d better get your act together [laughs].’ Because things just went to the worst-case scenario and it was the position we didn’t want to be in the fight, and we ended up there in just the first round.
My cornermen almost passed out trying to corner me. They said, ‘Why do you always do this to us every fight?’ [laughs]. But, because I had already gotten myself into the worst-case scenario and I had gotten out of it, plus she knew that was the only thing she could do to finish the fight, and because she couldn’t get it done, I am sure her confidence took a huge hit.
ONE: In the second round, you used the clinch to do some damage to her. Were you surprised that she refused to let go?
TT: Yeah that wasn’t a good position for her to be in even if she was trying to get the takedown, but I guess that’s really the only thing she knows how to do and that’s her only go-to takedown. So she desperately held on to it.
ONE: At what point did you feel things started to be going in your favor?
TT: From the second round onwards, I felt like I had the distance right and I had different points of defense where I could still defend the takedowns and do some damage to her at the same time.
I found both the balance and the momentum in the second round. I knew the second round was my time and that I had to take advantage and make up for the bad positions and damage I got myself into during the first round. I knew I had to capitalize on the second and third rounds if I wanted to win this match.
ONE: Did you feel like you could have ended the fight earlier after she got tired in the second round?
TT: I did feel that way, but at the same time, I was a little hesitant about committing to some of the kicks and punches because sometimes when I overly commit to my strikes or kicks, that’s when the takedowns happen.
ONE: Were you surprised she survived your ground and pound at the end of round two?
TT: She’s a really tough girl, she took a lot of clean shots, a lot of knees to her head, body, and elbows, but she wasn’t giving up. She was still hanging on and trying to find a way to get into a better position.
ONE: What made the difference when you got to a similar position in round three and got the TKO?
TT: I guess because she was kind of staying in that same spot for too long without really doing anything to improve her position, I think the referee had to think of her wellbeing and not let her take any more extra damage.
ONE: Can you describe your emotions when the match was stopped and you laid back on the canvas?
TT: At that moment, it was a huge relief when the referee called off the fight. Like I said, it was pretty overwhelming coming back. [I felt] a lot of emotions making the walk back to the Circle.
After a long layoff and finally getting back, and chasing my dreams again, it was a moment of relief and all the emotions were just sinking in.
ONE: How did it feel to get your purple belt after the match, too?
TT: There’s a funny story behind that. There’s this tradition that when you get promoted, there’s a gauntlet where you have to get whipped by your teammates. Many gyms do it as a form of lighthearted ritual. I refused to go for promotion because I didn’t want to get whipped [laughs].
I kept insisting that it made no sense that I had to work so hard and those guys got to whip me, so my coach had a hard time trying to promote me, so this was his only option to promote me without me getting whipped. I kept telling him, ‘The only way you are promoting me is if I am not getting whipped!’
ONE: How does it feel to be the number one contender for the ONE Women’s Strawweight World Title again?
TT: I’ve only started hearing a lot about it until the fight week itself because I was mostly focused on what’s right in front of me, which was my match against Ayaka.
I knew that the match-up made sense but I didn’t want to jump into any conclusions. After the fight, many people asked me what I felt about “The Panda.” It’s the only loss in my whole mixed martial arts career, so I’d definitely love the rematch, but if it comes, it comes, I’m not trying to force it. If they feel like I need another win, I’m up for it.
Read more: Top 5 Highlights From ONE: KING OF THE JUNGLE
Home » News » Tiffany Teo Looks Back On Another Incredible Performance
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About Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology or IIIT-Delhi or IIT-D is an autonomous university in Delhi was officially established on 10th June 2008. It is basically a research oriented university with main focus of empowering the quality education and research facilities to the students. The institute began with its first batch of 60 students of B.Tech in the year 2008 is now consist of B.Tech, M.Tech, and Ph.D programs in CSE and ECE. In the short span of time the university has emerged among the top most colleges of Delhi. The mission of IIIT-D is to become a global centre of excellence in Information technology and provide quality education to the students of both undergraduates and postgraduate levels.
The permanent campus of IIIT-Delhi is located behind the Phase III Okhla Industrial Estate which is approximately 1½ km from the Okhla Railway Station, South Delhi. The university admits students only to the full time programs like Computer Science and Engineering, Electronic and Communication Engineering and it does not offer any part time programs. Admission process for every academic year starts around February and completed in the month of June. From this year the university has introduced yet another program which is Computational Biology (CB) that also attracts the brightest students of the country. IIIT-Delhi provides admission to the eligible students to various undergraduate courses on the basis of candidate’s performance in JEE Main and after through the common counseling which is conducted by JAC, Delhi.
The official site www.iiitd.ac.in offers all the necessary information to the aspirants about various courses, admission procedure, infrastructure, facilities etc offered by the university. www.onlineresultportal.com is also a valuable source of information for the students is a comprehensive database of all the necessary information about universities, boards, polytechnics, IIT’s and entrance examinations conducted by them, results, cut-offs etc so that students can set the right goals of themselves.
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi Result
M.A./M.Sc./M.Com/M.C.A./M.B.A. Exam Result - Click Heree
B.C.A., B.B.A., B.Sc., B.A., B.ed. Exam Result - Click Here
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi - Official Site
Details of Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology
Full Name Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology
Contact No 011 2690 7400
Website https://iiitd.ac.in/
Email registrar@iiitd.ac.in, info@iiitd.ac.in
Address Okhla Industrial Estate,Phase III (Near Govind Puri Metro Station) New Delhi, India - 110020
City Okhla
State New Delhi
List of courses offered by Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology
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Home » LEED Platinum building wins industry award
LEED Platinum building wins industry award
Kate Olinger of Uponor North America receives the PPI Project of the Year Award from PPI's Randy Knapp, director of engineering, building and construction division (left) and Tony Radoszewski, president (right).
Irving, Texas – When San Diego State University (SDSU) razed its student union building to replace it with a highly sustainable, 202,000-square-foot, three-story structure, the goal was to receive LEED Platinum status. Not only did it qualify, but the project recently was also named a Project of the Year by the Building and Construction Division of the Plastics Pipe Institute, Inc. (PPI), the major trade association representing all segments of the plastic pipe industry.
In order to enable the new HVAC system at the new student union building to consume 40 percent less energy than a traditional system, an in-slab radiant heating and cooling system was installed. This was one of the qualifications for the building to meet LEED Platinum requirements. It also reduced energy use and improved indoor air quality. The system used more than 14 miles of PEX tubing from Uponor North America (Apple Valley, Minnesota) in 36,000 square feet of floor space.
The LEED-Platinum SDSU Aztec Center is a project known for its sustainable design, including a green roof and an underground rainwater collection storage. Nearly 80 percent of the materials from the original building were recycled or reused in the new structure. Incorporating a radiant heating and cooling system that uses flexible, durable PEX piping for the in-slab system helped the project meet its design requirement of consuming 40 percent less energy while also offering greater comfort to occupants. Because water has the capacity to transport energy 3,500 times greater than air, a PEX-based hydronic system can heat and cool a structure using much less energy than a traditional forced-air system. And radiant heating and cooling aligns with the body’s natural thermal curve, so occupants are even more comfortable with radiant than with a forced-air system.
Completed in 2014, the project used 75,000 feet of Uponor’s ⅝-inch Wirsbo hePEX oxygen-barrier PEX tubing on three floors on the west side of the building to serve 36,000 square feet of space, including dining and lounge areas on the first floor and meeting and offices spaces on the second and third floors. The tubing was spaced 6" on center and fed by 21 Uponor Engineered Polymer (EP) Manifolds. The chilled and heated water is supplied from the campus central utility plant.
The PPI award was presented to Uponor during the association's annual meeting held in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, May 3-6, 2015.
“With the emphasis on LEED and green building continuing to grow with each passing year,” said Tony Radoszewski, PPI president, “use of a PEX-based system in projects such as the University's new student center shows the importance plastic piping plays in sustainable building practices. It can effectively both heat and cool a large structure to keep occupants comfortable and also offer a 40 percent reduction in energy consumption. In fact, Uponor has seen significant growth in its radiant heating and cooling projects over the past several years primarily due to the sustainability of the system. Because projects can incorporate hydronic radiant systems into other sustainable building practices, such as geothermal, solar and a dedicated outside air system, it is an ideal option for large commercial structures that consume great amounts of energy.
“Using PEX in a LEED-Platinum project to help boost energy efficiency shows the value a PEX-based system brings to sustainable building practices. In addition, with the flexibility and strength of a PEX piping product that can be buried in the slab to effectively warm and cool a large structure, the professional community – including installers, project managers, architects and engineers – as well as the students, families, faculty and staff using the building, can see that PEX is a durable product that is manufactured to last for decades of successful use.”
“PEX pipe is a product that satisfies the needs of homeowners, builders, and plumbers by providing long-term performance, and making installations more labor and cost efficient,” according to Randy Knapp, director of engineering for PPI's, BCD. “PEX is the material of choice for radiant heating systems and is quickly replacing copper for residential potable water plumbing. Other applications of PEX include AWWA municipal water service, snow and ice melt systems, turf conditioning, residential fire sprinklers and geothermal systems. Typically found in sizes from 3/8 to 2 inches and up to 3 inches in diameter, PEX pipe comes in straight lengths or coils and is made from proven high-performance materials.”
The PPI Project of the Year recognition program honors significant industry contributions and professional achievements.
Visit www.plasticpipe.org
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Empowering Women in Industry Conference & Award Gala
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