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SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA 9A, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT; SPG9A
Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia-9A is a neurologic disorder characterized by onset of slowly progressive spasticity mainly affecting the lower limbs. The age at onset usually ranges from adolescence to adulthood, and patients have gait difficulties, motor neuropathy, and dysarthria. Additional variable features include cerebellar signs, cataract, pes cavus, and urinary urgency (summary by Coutelier et al., 2015).For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia, see SPG3A (OMIM ).
Genes related to Spastic Paraplegia 9a, Autosomal Dominant; Spg9a
ALDH18A1
Top most frequent phenotypes and symptoms related to Spastic Paraplegia 9a, Autosomal Dominant; Spg9a
Spastic Paraplegia 9a, Autosomal Dominant; Spg9a Is also known as spastic paraparesis with amyotrophy, cataracts, and gastroesophageal reflux, cataracts with motor neuronopathy, short stature, and skeletal abnormalities.
Spastic Paraplegia 9a, Autosomal Dominant; Spg9a Recommended genes panels
Panel Name, Specifity and genes Tested/covered
MitoMet®Plus aCGH Analysis.
By Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (United States).
RGS9, RHO, GRK1, RLBP1, RNASEL, BCS1L, RP1, RP2, RP9, RPE65, RPGR, RPL35A, MRPL3, RPS14, RS1, SAG, SARDH, SCO2, SCP2, SDHB , (...)
View the complete list with 612 more genes
Panel complete gene list
RGS9, RHO, GRK1, RLBP1, RNASEL, BCS1L, RP1, RP2, RP9, RPE65, RPGR, RPL35A, MRPL3, RPS14, RS1, SAG, SARDH, SCO2, SCP2, SDHB, SDHC, SEMA4A, SGSH, SHH, SIX6, FOXL2, SLC16A1, SLC22A4, SLC22A5, SLC24A1, SLC25A12, SLC25A13, SLC25A15, SLC25A3, SLC25A4, BRCA1, SLC34A1, SLC35A1, SLC3A1, SLC9A3R1, SLC9A6, SMPD1, SNCB, SOD1, SOD2, SOX2, BTD, SPG7, SPR, SPTLC2, SQSTM1, STAR, STAT1, STAT3, STXBP1, SUCLA2, SUCLG1, SUOX, SURF1, TAT, TAZ, TWNK, HNF1A, HNF1B, ZEB1, TCIRG1, TCN2, TEAD1, TGFB1, TGFBI, ACO2, TIMM8A, TIMP3, TK2, TLR3, TLR4, ACOX1, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF11B, TNFSF11, TP53, TSFM, TUFM, TULP1, TYR, TYROBP, TYRP1, UBE3A, UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, UNG, UQCRB, USH1C, USH2A, CLRN1, VCP, VHL, BEST1, VSX1, WFS1, WT1, WWOX, XDH, ARL6, LPIN1, RPGRIP1, CA2, CDH23, CA4, SOST, GFM1, CABP4, CACNA1F, MRPS16, ELAC2, SLC25A20, C1QTNF5, HTRA2, SLC25A19, ELOVL4, MRPS22, CDHR1, PINK1, AMN, ABCA12, FYCO1, PCDH15, CASP8, CAT, PRPF31, ANKH, CBS, PUS1, HPS3, KLHL7, ALG9, LRPPRC, HPS4, PRPF6, ABHD12, PANK2, NDUFAF5, RP1L1, APTX, COX4I2, NFU1, USH1G, WHRN, PARK7, TRIM32, LIAS, SLC45A2, KIF1B, MCEE, COQ8A, MFN2, HAX1, HPS5, OPTN, NDUFA13, RIMS1, RRM2B, SP7, DTNBP1, PRPF8, AASS, ADGRV1, SARS2, PDSS1, NT5C3A, INVS, NAGS, MFRP, FKBP10, ALG1, IMPG2, ATP6V0A2, COG7, COG8, RAX, BBS7, ATPAF2, HPS6, NDUFAF1, MMAA, NPHP4, CHAT, MTO1, P3H1, MMAB, KIF21A, ALG12, CHM, RD3, KCNV2, SLC25A22, RDH12, CYCS, TTC8, GLRX5, GPR143, SLC35C1, CACNA2D4, COQ6, CLCN7, NUBPL, NDUFA11, SPATA7, L2HGDH, DHDDS, TPP1, CLN3, TUBA1A, TUBB3, SLC39A13, BCOR, BLOC1S3, AARS2, NDUFAF4, PITPNM3, ABHD5, RARS2, INPP5E, CNGA1, ACAD9, CNGA3, CNGB1, DIABLO, CNGB3, EYS, ADAM9, TSPAN12, OSTM1, TOPORS, CERKL, AGK, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, FAM20C, COX15, COX6B1, ABAT, LMBRD1, PDSS2, ALG3, ALG6, ALG2, ALG8, CYP4V2, CPOX, CPT1A, ETHE1, CPT2, CRB1, GNE, CRTAP, CRX, CRYAB, NDUFA12, CISD2, GLYCTK, YARS2, BOLA3, DMGDH, MMACHC, FLVCR1, MMADHC, COQ2, CCDC39, CTSD, COQ9, CTSK, TMEM126A, CUBN, TRMU, MTPAP, DARS2, CYB5A, CYBA, REEP1, FAM161A, SRD5A3, CYP11A1, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, CYP17A1, CYP1B1, TTC19, CYP24A1, SDHAF2, TMEM127, CYP27A1, TMEM70, SLC25A38, CYP27B1, PDZD7, BBS10, ZNF513, HGSNAT, BBS12, C12orf65, AMER1, FOXRED1, DBT, C8orf37, DDOST, ACSF3, MSRB3, XPNPEP3, NDUFAF2, CCDC28B, COX14, D2HGDH, TMEM67, DGUOK, NDUFAF6, DHODH, CYB5R3, LEMD3, IQCB1, DLAT, DLD, CEP290, ADSL, FASTKD2, ANKRD26, CC2D2A, UQCRQ, GNPTAB, DNM1L, ISCU, NDUFAF3, BBS9, PPARGC1B, DPM1, DPM3, RFT1, TUSC3, RILP, DSP, DNAJC19, STRA6, PNPLA2, SNRNP200, SECISBP2, TYMP, AFG3L2, LCA5, AGL, EFEMP1, PRCD, AGPS, ELN, ENO3, SDHAF1, ABCA4, AGXT, PCARE, ETFA, ETFB, ETFDH, EYA1, EYA4, ACSL4, FAH, AIPL1, FBLN5, FBN1, FBP1, AK1, AK2, FECH, AKAP10, FH, ATP8B1, FOXC1, FXN, FSCN2, ALAS2, ALDH3A2, FZD4, G6PC, ALDH4A1, SLC37A4, GAA, ALDH5A1, GAD1, GALC, GALE, GALK1, GALNS, GALT, GAMT, ALDOA, GARS, ALDOB, GATM, GBE1, GCDH, GCK, GCKR, ABCB11, OPN1MW, GCSH, GFER, CBLIF, GJA3, ALMS1, GK, GLB1, TAP1, GLDC, GLUD1, GM2A, GNAT1, GNAT2, GNS, GOT1, GPD1, GPD2, GPI, ABCB4, AMACR, GPX1, GRM6, GRN, GSN, GUCA1A, GUCA1B, GUCY2D, GUSB, ABCB6, GYS1, GYS2, AMT, ABCB7, HSD17B10, HADHA, HADHB, HAGH, HARS, HBB, HCCS, HESX1, HEXA, HEXB, HIBCH, HK1, HLCS, HMGCL, HMGCS2, HP, HPRT1, HPS1, HSD17B4, HSD3B2, HSPD1, IDH2, IDH3B, AP3B1, IMPDH1, ABCD1, IVD, JAG1, APP, KARS, KCNJ13, KRT12, KRT3, KRT5, LDHA, LDHB, COG1, ARG1, LMX1B, LRAT, LRP5, MAN2B1, MANBA, MAOA, PHOX2A, MC1R, MCCC1, MCCC2, ME2, MECP2, MEF2A, MEN1, MERTK, MGAT2, MKKS, MKS1, TRPM1, MLYCD, ALDH6A1, MOCS1, MOCS2, MPDU1, MPI, MPV17, SEPT9, MTHFR, ASL, MTR, MTRR, MMUT, MUTYH, ASS1, MYO7A, MYOC, NAGLU, NCOA4, NDP, NDUFA1, NDUFA10, NDUFA2, NDUFA9, NDUFB3, NDUFS1, NDUFS2, NDUFS3, NDUFS4, NDUFS6, NDUFS7, NDUFS8, NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NEFH, NEUROD1, ZFHX3, NHS, NME1, NPHP1, NPHP3, ATIC, NRL, FRMD7, NYX, OAT, OCA2, OCRL, OGDH, OGG1, OPA1, OPA3, ATP5F1E, ACACA, OTC, OTX2, OXCT1, PAH, PRKN, PAX2, PAX6, PC, PCCA, PCCB, ATP7A, ACAD8, ATP7B, PCK2, AIFM1, ALDH7A1, PDE6A, PDE6B, PDE6C, PDE6G, PDHA1, PDHB, SLC26A4, SERPINF1, PFKM, PGAM2, ACADM, AUH, PGM1, PHB, PHKA1, PHKA2, PHKB, PHKG2, PHYH, ACADS, PITX2, PITX3, PLA2G2A, PLOD2, PLOD3, ACADSB, PMM2, PNKD, POLG, POLG2, ACADVL, PPARG, B4GALT1, CTSA, PPIB, PDP1, PPOX, ACAT1, B4GALT7, PPP2R1B, ACAT2, PRKCG, PRODH, PROM1, PSAP, PSEN1, BBS1, BBS2, CAVIN1, PTS, BBS4, BBS5, PYCR1, ALDH18A1, PYGL, PYGM, QDPR, RAF1, BCKDHA, BCKDHB, RB1, OPN1LW, RDH5, PRPH2, RET, RGR
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Panel.
By Greenwood Genetic Center Diagnostic Laboratories Greenwood Genetic Center (United States).
RTN2, SACS, SLC16A2, SLC2A1, KDM5C, SPG11, ATL1, SPAST, SPG7, TFG, ACOX1, TREX1, UCHL1, VAMP1, ERLIN2, CAPN1, BSCL2, SAMHD1, PNPLA6, ERLIN1 , (...)
View the complete list with 59 more genes
RTN2, SACS, SLC16A2, SLC2A1, KDM5C, SPG11, ATL1, SPAST, SPG7, TFG, ACOX1, TREX1, UCHL1, VAMP1, ERLIN2, CAPN1, BSCL2, SAMHD1, PNPLA6, ERLIN1, NIPA1, RAB3GAP2, BICD2, GJC2, EXOSC3, REEP2, SPART, CPT1C, IFIH1, GBA2, DDHD1, TECPR2, SPG21, CYP2U1, KLC2, ZFYVE26, TUBB3, TUBB4A, HACE1, FARS2, FA2H, AP5Z1, ADAR, VPS37A, C19orf12, RNASEH2B, PGAP1, REEP1, CYP7B1, ZFYVE27, C12orf65, WDR45, WASHC5, DDHD2, KIDINS220, ATP13A2, ENTPD1, B4GALNT1, ALS2, HSPD1, AP4B1, AP4E1, AP4M1, AP4S1, ABCD1, KIF1C, KIF5A, L1CAM, MAG, MARS, MECP2, NT5C2, OPA3, KIF1A, PLA2G6, PLP1, PQBP1, SLC33A1, ALDH18A1
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Exome Panel.
By Genetic Services Laboratory University of Chicago (United States).
RTN2, SACS, SLC16A2, SLC2A1, KDM5C, SPG11, ATL1, SPAST, SPG7, VAMP1, ERLIN2, CAPN1, BSCL2, PNPLA6, ERLIN1, NIPA1, GJC2, EXOSC3, SPART, CPT1C , (...)
RTN2, SACS, SLC16A2, SLC2A1, KDM5C, SPG11, ATL1, SPAST, SPG7, VAMP1, ERLIN2, CAPN1, BSCL2, PNPLA6, ERLIN1, NIPA1, GJC2, EXOSC3, SPART, CPT1C, GBA2, DDHD1, TECPR2, SPG21, ZFYVE26, FARS2, FA2H, AP5Z1, C19orf12, REEP1, CYP7B1, C12orf65, IBA57, WASHC5, DDHD2, KIDINS220, ATP13A2, ENTPD1, B4GALNT1, ALS2, HSPD1, AP4B1, AP4E1, AP4M1, AP4S1, ABCD1, KIF1C, KIF5A, L1CAM, MAG, ARL6IP1, NT5C2, KIF1A, PLP1, SLC33A1, ALDH18A1
Ataxia Exome Panel.
BCS1L, RTN2, SACS, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A, SCO1, SDHA, SDHD, SLC16A2, SLC17A5, SLC19A2, SLC1A3, SLC20A2, SLC2A1, SLC6A1, SLC9A1, SLC9A6, SNAP25, SOD1 , (...)
BCS1L, RTN2, SACS, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A, SCO1, SDHA, SDHD, SLC16A2, SLC17A5, SLC19A2, SLC1A3, SLC20A2, SLC2A1, SLC6A1, SLC9A1, SLC9A6, SNAP25, SOD1, SOX10, BTD, SPG11, ATL1, SPAST, SPG7, SPR, SPTAN1, SPTBN2, SQSTM1, CDKL5, STUB1, STXBP1, SUCLG1, SUOX, SURF1, TBCE, TWNK, TCF4, TCN2, TH, ACO2, TINF2, NKX2-1, TRPC3, TSFM, CEP41, TTPA, TTR, UBE3A, UCHL1, UQCRB, VAMP1, VARS, VLDLR, VRK1, WFS1, WWOX, XPA, XRCC4, YME1L1, ZIC1, SAMD9L, ATP8A2, ERLIN2, FBXL4, AAAS, PRX, CA8, CACNA1A, CACNA1G, PRDM8, CACNB4, PCDH19, SCYL1, ELOVL4, TMEM237, NPC2, CAPN1, PUM1, CASK, SNX14, CAV1, TSEN34, CHCHD10, LRPPRC, BSCL2, ABHD12, PANK2, NDUFAF5, APTX, SLC52A3, DNAJC5, TGM6, SLC19A3, PNPLA6, KIF1B, SCARB2, COQ8A, DGAT2, ERLIN1, PRICKLE1, NIPA1, MLC1, SYNE1, SLC39A4, RRM2B, TRNT1, TPK1, GJC2, PDSS1, TDP2, EXOSC3, FKRP, ADA2, NAXE, RNASEH1, SPART, CPT1C, COG4, RTN4IP1, PMPCA, ATPAF2, CAMTA1, NDUFAF1, TDP1, GBA2, NALCN, EBF3, POMGNT1, TTBK2, MECR, COQ4, DDHD1, POMT2, TECPR2, KIAA0586, CCDC88C, POLR1C, CLCN2, COQ6, NUBPL, CHAMP1, PRICKLE2, NDUFA11, SPG21, SUMF1, ZIC4, MBD5, APOPT1, L2HGDH, CYP2U1, TPP1, CLN5, ZFYVE26, TUBA1A, CLN6, TUBB4A, TUBB, CLN8, CLPP, AARS2, HACE1, NDUFAF4, FARS2, FA2H, ELOVL5, RARS2, INPP5E, AHI1, NHLRC1, RNASET2, RNF216, BRAT1, COL18A1, KCTD7, AP5Z1, COX10, COX15, COX6B1, GMPPB, CP, PEX26, PDSS2, SLC13A5, SYT14, ALG6, UBA5, ETHE1, NDUFA12, B9D1, BEAN1, PTRH2, TACO1, WDR62, TCTN3, SIL1, FLVCR1, CSTB, CEP104, CTBP1, OTUD4, CTDP1, TMEM216, MARS2, LRSAM1, TMEM240, SLC25A46, MMADHC, COQ2, CTSD, COQ9, CTSF, RNF170, ARL13B, C19orf12, ANO10, MTPAP, DARS2, CUL4B, CWF19L1, TTC21B, OFD1, TRAPPC11, TCTN2, REEP1, CPLANE1, POMGNT2, WDR73, PIGG, TTC19, CYP27A1, TMEM70, TCTN1, CTC1, CSPP1, PIEZO2, HEPACAM, UROC1, CYP7B1, WDR81, RNF168, CEP120, NAT8L, C12orf65, FOXRED1, TMEM138, COX20, DBT, DCX, IBA57, TSEN54, SLC6A19, NDUFAF2, TMEM107, COX14, VWA3B, TMEM67, TSEN2, MFSD8, NDUFAF6, DKC1, DLAT, DLD, ZNF592, RUBCN, CEP290, KIAA0556, IFT140, TELO2, ADSL, DDHD2, FASTKD2, RPGRIP1L, TBC1D24, CC2D2A, DMXL2, SH3TC2, ROGDI, KIDINS220, ARV1, UQCRQ, DYNC1H1, MTFMT, DNM2, DNMT1, DOCK3, NDUFAF3, PIK3R5, DPM1, POLR3A, ATP13A2, RFT1, SLC52A2, POLR3B, KIF7, PRRT2, SLC46A1, DNAJC19, SEPSECS, TYMP, AFG3L2, EEF2, EGR2, EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, EIF2B5, ENTPD1, EOMES, COA5, SDHAF1, EPM2A, ERCC3, ERCC4, ERCC5, ERCC6, ERCC8, FKTN, FGF12, FGF14, ISPD, FMR1, FOLR1, FOXG1, FXN, FTL, PET100, ALDH5A1, GABRB3, GALC, B4GALNT1, GAMT, GAN, GBE1, GCH1, GFAP, GJA1, GJB1, GLB1, GCLC, ALS2, GOSR2, SETX, GPI, AMACR, ADGRG1, GRID2, GRM1, GRN, GSS, ABCB7, HARS, HCN1, HERC1, HEXA, HEXB, HIBCH, HLCS, HNRNPH2, HSD17B4, HSPD1, AP1S2, AP4B1, AP4E1, AP4M1, AP4S1, ABCD1, ITM2B, ITPR1, KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNC1, KCNC3, KCND3, KCNJ10, KCNQ2, KIF1C, KIF5A, L1CAM, LAMA1, LARGE1, LIG4, LMNB1, LMNB2, LRP4, MAG, MAPK10, ARL6IP1, MECP2, MKS1, ARSA, MME, MPDU1, MPV17, MPZ, MRE11, ASL, MT-TP, MVK, ASS1, NDUFA1, NDUFA10, NDUFA2, NDUFA9, NDUFB3, NDUFS1, NDUFS2, NDUFS3, NDUFS4, NDUFS6, NDUFS7, NDUFS8, NDUFV1, NDUFV2, NEU1, NF2, ATCAY, NOL3, PNP, NPC1, NPHP1, ATM, ATP1A2, ATP1A3, NT5C2, NUP62, OPA1, OPA3, OPHN1, ATP2B3, OTC, PAX6, PC, ATP7B, PCNA, CHMP1A, PDE6D, PDHA1, PDHB, PDYN, PEX1, PEX10, PEX16, PEX7, KIF1A, PGK1, AUH, PGM3, PHYH, PLA2G6, PLP1, PMM2, PMP22, PNKD, PNKP, POLG, POMT1, CTSA, PPT1, PRF1, PRKCG, DNAJC3, PRNP, PRPS1, HTRA1, PSAP, SLC33A1, PSEN1, PTS, PEX2, ALDH18A1, BCKDHA, BCKDHB, RARS, RELN
Connective Tissue Disorders Panel.
By Human Genetics Laboratory, Munroe-Meyer Institute University of Nebraska Medical Center (United States).
BGN, SKI, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, MED12, TNXB, C1R, C1S, ACTA2, ADAMTS10, SLC2A10, ADAMTSL2, CBS, TAB2, B3GALT6, ATP6V0A2, FKBP14, RIN2 , (...)
BGN, SKI, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, MED12, TNXB, C1R, C1S, ACTA2, ADAMTS10, SLC2A10, ADAMTSL2, CBS, TAB2, B3GALT6, ATP6V0A2, FKBP14, RIN2, SLC39A13, DSE, ADAMTS2, COL11A1, COL11A2, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, ZNF469, CHST14, GORAB, FLCN, MFAP5, EFEMP2, ELN, FBLN5, FBN1, FBN2, FLNA, FOXE3, ABCC6, LOX, LTBP4, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, SMAD6, MYH11, MYLK, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, ATP7A, PKD1, PKD2, PLOD1, B4GALT7, PRDM5, PRKG1, PTDSS1, PYCR1, ALDH18A1
Cutis Laxa Panel.
ATP6V0A2, RIN2, GORAB, EFEMP2, ELN, FBLN5, LTBP4, PTDSS1, PYCR1, ALDH18A1
Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes Sequencing Panel with CNV Detection.
By PreventionGenetics PreventionGenetics (United States).
SPARC, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TNFRSF1A, TNXB, C1R, C1S, LZTS1, ADAMTSL2, B3GALT6, ATP6V0A2, FKBP14, RIN2, CHST3, SLC39A13, DSE, ADAMTS2, COL12A1, COL1A2, COL3A1 , (...)
SPARC, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TNFRSF1A, TNXB, C1R, C1S, LZTS1, ADAMTSL2, B3GALT6, ATP6V0A2, FKBP14, RIN2, CHST3, SLC39A13, DSE, ADAMTS2, COL12A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, ZNF469, CHST14, GORAB, AEBP1, EFEMP2, ELN, FBLN5, FLNA, FLNB, GGCX, SMAD3, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1E1, ATP6AP1, ATP7A, PLOD1, PLP1, B3GAT3, B4GALT7, PRDM5, PYCR1, ALDH18A1
Complex Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Sequencing Panel with CNV Detection.
SACS, SLC16A2, KDM5C, SPG11, ATL1, SPAST, SPG7, TFG, UCHL1, USP8, VCP, ERLIN2, CAPN1, BSCL2, CCT5, PNPLA6, NIPA1, RAB3GAP2, BICD2, GJC2 , (...)
SACS, SLC16A2, KDM5C, SPG11, ATL1, SPAST, SPG7, TFG, UCHL1, USP8, VCP, ERLIN2, CAPN1, BSCL2, CCT5, PNPLA6, NIPA1, RAB3GAP2, BICD2, GJC2, EXOSC3, SPART, GBA2, LYST, DDHD1, TECPR2, SPG21, CYP2U1, ZFYVE26, TUBB4A, HACE1, FA2H, AP5Z1, VPS37A, C19orf12, PGAP1, REEP1, CYP7B1, UNC80, DARS, C12orf65, IBA57, WASHC5, DSTYK, DDHD2, KIDINS220, ATP13A2, WDR48, ARSI, ENTPD1, GAD1, B4GALNT1, ALS2, AMPD2, AP4B1, AP4E1, AP4M1, AP4S1, ABCD1, KIF1C, KIF5A, L1CAM, MAG, MARS, ARL6IP1, NT5C2, ATRX, KIF1A, PLP1, ALDH18A1
You can get up to 41 more panels with our dedicated tool
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Israel MK calls for Trump to recognise Israel's annexation of West Bank
March 23, 2019 at 1:51 pm | Published in: Asia & Americas, Israel, Israeli Elections, Middle East, News, Palestine, US
Israeli Transportation Minister [Atbannett/Wikipedia]
Hours after US President Donald Trump announced the recognition of Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights, controversial Israeli Knesset Member (MK) Bezalel Smotrich has called for Trump to take a similar step regarding the occupied West Bank.
On Twitter, Smotrich wrote: "President Trump, thank you. For 52 years, we have succeeded in the West Bank. It is also of a strategic, historical and security importance for Israel," Safa news agency reported yesterday.
He added: "It is the time to recognise our sovereignty over the West Bank. God willing, we will work to achieve this soon. We hope to see your support, too."
President Trump justified his recognition of Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights by claiming "it is of strategic, historical and security importance for Israel".
Read: Syria vows to recover Golan as Trump policy shift draws criticism
Many of Israel's right-wing parties – among which is Smotrich's National Union party – are calling for annexing "Area C" of the occupied West Bank to Israel, which constitutes 60 per cent of the whole territory. Buoyed by President Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital in December 2017, these parties have become more fervent in their demands, particularly ahead of Israel's upcoming election on 9 April.
The US State Department did not use the word "occupied" in reference to the Golan Heights, West Bank and Gaza Strip in its report about human rights issued earlier this month.
Israel occupied the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula in the Six Day War of 1967. Despite returning the Sinai to Egypt under the Camp David Accords of 1979, Israel has maintained its occupation of the other territories.
Read: Trump move on Golan Heights divides US Israel lobby
Asia & AmericasIsraelIsraeli ElectionsMiddle EastNewsPalestineUS
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News & Information/
Iron Fiends: Cancer Cells in Brain and Spinal Fluid Survive by Monopolizing a Nutrient
By Jim Stallard Friday, July 17, 2020
Adrienne Boire conducts research to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for leptomeningeal metastasis.
Cancer that has spread to the fluid and tissues of the brain and spinal cord, called leptomeningeal metastasis, is difficult to treat. It was not clear how the cancer cells survive in this space. A new discovery shows the cancer cells reprogram themselves to outcompete other cells for iron.
Cancer that spreads to the fluid and tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord can have devastating effects. The condition, called leptomeningeal metastasis, may cause pain, seizures, difficulty thinking, and a loss of muscle, bowel, and bladder control. In the past 20 years, it’s become more common because people are living longer after treatment of their primary tumors.
Current treatments for leptomeningeal metastasis are chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but neither is very effective at destroying the cancer cells. One reason is that this fluid, called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is largely sealed off from the rest of the body by a tight barrier. Normally this barrier protects the brain and spinal cord, but when cancer cells manage to invade the space, it’s hard for treatments like chemotherapy to penetrate. Radiation therapy is difficult to give without damaging the spinal cord or brain function.
Leptomeningeal Metastases
This information describes leptomeningeal metastases and explains how they are treated.
In addition, doctors have been puzzled by how the cancer cells grow in CSF. There is a dearth of iron in the area that cancer cells rely on to support their growth. It has been a bit of a mystery how the cells survive in this barren environment — they seem to defy the odds and have no obvious weak spot to target.
Now a team of Memorial Sloan Kettering researchers led by neuro-oncologist Adrienne Boire may have found the cancer cells’ secret power: They reprogram themselves to gobble up all the nearby iron. By hogging this nutrient, the cancer cells ensure they stay alive and grow while other cells — notably immune cells that have entered the same space — are left short.
“It’s an elegant solution on the part of the cancer cell,” Dr. Boire says. “It’s really unique biology that allows them to win the competition.” The researchers published their discovery on July 16 in Science. They say the finding also points to a possible strategy for treatment.
Genomic Toolbox
To investigate how cancer cells survive in CSF, the researchers analyzed fluid samples taken from five patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. They collaborated with the laboratory of Dana Pe’er to conduct a test called single cell RNA sequencing of the cancer cells in the fluid.
The analysis revealed that the cancer cells increase their activity of a gene called Lipocalin-2. The protein made by this gene binds iron. Immune cells use this protein too, when they are fighting bacteria. But in the CSF, the cancer cells boost their Lipocalin-2 protein levels to outcompete the immune cells for iron in the surroundings. It’s like creating a stronger magnet than the immune cells to pick up more paper clips.
“It’s nefarious, the way the cancer cells exploit Lipocalin-2 to gain an advantage over the immune cells,” Dr. Boire explains. The cancer cell can look through its genome — the entire set of DNA — and deploy the genes that give it a critical survival advantage. The immune cells in the CSF, by contrast, are hamstrung. They lack the ability of the cancer cells to access different parts of the genomic toolbox.
Knowing that iron plays such a key role in leptomeningeal metastasis led the researchers to their next question: What if you could cut off access to iron and starve the cancer cells? In mouse models for the disease, they tested whether the iron could be bound with chemical compounds called iron chelators. They delivered the chelators directly into the spinal fluid. As hoped, this slowed the growth of the cancer cells.
“It reminds me of when two kids are fighting over a toy, and the parent says, ‘That’s it — I’m taking it away. Nobody gets it,’” Dr. Boire says.
It's nefarious, the way the cancer cells exploit Lipocalin-2 to gain an advantage over the immune cells.
Adrienne A. Boire neuro-oncologist
Broader Questions
The researchers are working to bring this therapy to a clinical trial. They think the treatment will be safe if the chelators don’t escape the CSF. “When cancer gets in the CSF, it is sealed away in its own ecosystem, which is why it’s hard to treat. But if you can deliver drugs into that space, the treatments don’t go anywhere else, so side effects are limited.”
Leptomeningeal metastasis (white lines indicated by the yellow arrow) involves cancer cells from a primary tumor spreading to the fluid and tissues lining the brain and spinal cord.
Dr. Boire says the discovery also raises intriguing questions about why immune cells may behave differently around the brain and spinal cord. Normally, immune cells can produce Lipocalin-2 and compete for iron, so something is disabling them.
“If we find out, we could possibly help patients with central nervous system cancers benefit from immune therapies, which often don’t work in the nervous system for reasons we don’t understand,” Dr. Boire says. “This is potentially important for cancer research and cancer biology. That’s how science goes — you’re looking in one direction and then you uncover a corner of something that’s really interesting.”
The researchers are deeply grateful to the patients and families who donated clinical samples for this research. Dr. Boire’s research was supported by Pew Charitable Trusts grant GC241069, Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation grant GC240764, Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance grant GC239280, the Baker Family Foundation, and American Brain Tumor Association grant BRF1900019.
Dr. Boire is an inventor on U.S. provisional patent application 62/258,044, “Modulating Permeability of the Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier,” filed by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. She is also an unpaid member of the Scientific Advisory Board of EVREN Technologies.
Article traversal links for On Cancer
Inspired by a Patient, a Doctor Finds Answers for a Devastating Cancer Complication
MSK Researchers Look for Answers That May Lead to Advances in Treating Leptomeningeal Metastasis, a Virtually Untreatable Complication
Brain Tumors & Brain Cancer
Spine Tumors & Spinal Cancer
Related labs
The Adrienne Boire Lab
The Dana Pe'er Lab
Get the latest news and updates on MSK’s cancer care and research breakthroughs sent straight to your inbox with our e-newsletters.
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CFA Society Chicago NewsBrief
It's not just Janet Yellen: Richard Fischer misses the point of monetary policy too
In congressional testimony, newly minted Fed Chairman Janet Yellen ably revealed why the central bank she runs is often such an imposing barrier to economic progress. While it will be explained later in the piece why Yellen will ultimately have a successful Fed tenure in a debased, “soft bigotry of low expectations” sense, her testimony makes clear that she’ll succeed despite her impressive weakness as an economic thinker.More
Advice on alternative investments
CFA Chicago
Mario Gabelli, CFA is Chairman, Chief Executive Officer of GAMCO Investors, Inc., a New York Stock Exchange listed company that is a widely recognized provider of investment advice to alternative investments, mutual funds, institutional and private wealth management. GAMCO Investors, Inc. is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Gabelli founded the firm in 1977 as an institutional broker-dealer. It has grown into the diversified financial services corporation it is today. Join CFA Chicago on Tuesday, August 12 at 12 p.m. for the Distinguished Speaker Series featuring Gabelli.More
Take the time to give back
Family Focus helps Chicago-area families living in low-income communities give their children the best possible start in life. By offering customized classes, support groups and referral services in a welcoming and caring environment, Family Focus helps families help themselves while building a relationship based on equality and respect. On Thurs., Aug. 14, CFA Chicago is hosting a Summer Networking Reception at Hotel Palomar (Fresco Terrace) to support Family Focus.More
Finding value in energy with Morningstar's Jason Stevens
CFA Institute's Enterprising Investor
At the 2014 CFA Institute Financial Analysts Seminar, energy analyst Jason Stevens of Morningstar shared his views on the shale gas and tight oil revolution, which has been driven by fracking, the combination and application of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that has unlocked the vast potential of trapped oil and gas. During his presentation, Stevens discussed which companies and countries are best positioned to make full use of that potential.More
Meet Chicago's first 'enlightened' hedge fund. Yes, enlightened
There's no CEO or dress code. But there is a feng shui consultant and nostalgia for the early days of the hedge-fund craze. No reception desk or smiling gatekeeper greets you at the entrance of Satori Investment Partners LLC's office. There is just one big, red Oriental rug, courtesy of the feng shui consultant who helped the new hedge-fund firm incorporate the five Zen elements into its office.More
Fewer than 3 percent of nation's banks are minority institutions
Fewer than 3 percent of the nation’s 6,730 banks are minority institutions, but that’s still a bigger percentage than a decade ago, according to a study released by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. The FDIC defines a “minority depository institution” as one in which at least 51 percent of the bank’s stock is owned by black Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans or native Americans. An institution can also receive the designation if most of its board members are minority, and if the community that it serves is mostly minority.More
Firms say new SEC scrutiny may further complicate co-investments
Private Equity Beat
Some private equity managers, facing the prospect of more scrutiny from the Securities and Exchange Commission on how co-investment opportunities are spread between limited partners, caution that additional regulation could pose more challenges to a process that already is difficult to streamline. Andrew Bowden , director of the SEC’s office of compliance inspections and examinations, said limited partnership agreements the federal agency observed lacked clear “protocols for mitigating certain conflicts of interest, including investment and co-investment allocation” in a speech in New York in May.More
The right way to invest globally
Investors are going to the ends of the earth. Shares of foreign companies are making up an increasingly large chunk of U.S. investors' stock portfolios, as barriers to investment fall, global economies integrate and the potential benefits of international diversification are widely embraced. More than a quarter of the money in U.S. equity mutual funds and exchange-traded funds is in foreign-stock-focused funds, up from 14 percent in 2000, according to the Investment Company Institute, a trade group.More
Source: Goldman mortgage deal with federal agency could reach $1.25 billion
Reuters via Chicago Tribune
A deal to resolve a U.S. regulator's claims against Goldman Sachs Group Inc over mortgage-backed securities sold to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac leading up to the financial crisis could cost the bank between $800 million and $1.25 billion, according to a person familiar with the matter. The person said Goldman Sachs is discussing a settlement with the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), which filed 18 lawsuits against Goldman and other banks in 2011 over about $200 billion in mortgage-backed securities that later went sour.More
Social impact bonds: Phantom of the nonprofit sector
What issue could bring Senator Ted Cruz, R-Texas, and Senator Al Franken, D-Minnesota, into bipartisan partnership? Social impact bonds (SIBs) — or pay-for-success (PFS), depending on one’s preferred terminology. Both legislators have been effusive about the reauthorization of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), and Franken seems to have made workforce development one of his top priority issues. A core component of WIOA noted by many of its supporters was the legislation’s $300 million commitment to pay-for-success programming aimed boosting effective, evidence-based efforts in job training.More
GreenChoice Bank fails, Providence Bank is the buyer
The Associated Press via Crain's Chicago Business
Regulators have closed a small lender in Illinois, bringing U.S. bank failures this year to 14 after 24 closures in all of 2013. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. said that it has taken over GreenChoice Bank FSB, based in Chicago. The bank, which operated three branches, had about $72.9 million in assets and $71 million in deposits as of March 31. Providence Bank LLC, based in South Holland, has agreed to assume all of the failed bank's deposits.More
Here's who's winning Chicago's bank battle
What a difference a financial crisis makes. In the seven years since the U.S. banking system teetered on collapse, Chicago's commercial banking industry has gone from a virtual duopoly to something of a free-for-all. For much of the 1990s and well into the first decade of the 2000s, LaSalle Bank and what is now JPMorgan Chase & Co. dominated the local market for serving midsized businesses — the bread and butter of Chicago business leMore
Northern Trust names first female COO
Northern Trust Corp., Chicago’s biggest locally headquartered bank, has named its first female chief operating officer as part of a management shake-up effective Sept. 1. Jana Schreuder, 55, currently president of wealth management – one of Northern Trust’s two major business units along with corporate and institutional services — will assume the COO role, overseeing operations and technology teams. More
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Sharel Cassity
You are here: Home / Sharel Cassity
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Jazz Saxophone
Office: 4415 Humanities
Email: sjohnson92@wisc.edu
Personal website: www.sharelcassity.com
Saxophonist, Multi-Reedist, Composer, Recording Artist, Bandleader, and Educator Sharel Cassity (pronounced “Sha-Relle”) is a musician well established on the New York and Chicago jazz scenes. Listed as “Rising Star Alto Saxophone” in Downbeat Magazine for the past decade, Sharel has appeared on the Today Show, won the 2007 ASCAP Young Jazz Composers Award & has been inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame. Her four albums released as a leader have received top-rated reviews in publications like JazzTimes, Jazziz, Downbeat & American Indian News & earned her a cover story in Saxophone Journal. Cassity’s latest album, “Evolve,” was recorded and distributed on her record label, Relsha Music.
Selected to attend The Juilliard School Jazz program under full scholarship for a Masters in Music, Sharel earned her BFA from The New School for Jazz & Contemporary Music in 2005. A skilled and versatile sideman, Sharel is a regular member of the Dizzy Gillespie Latin Experience, Nicholas Payton TSO, Cyrus Chestnut Brubeck Quartet, and the Jimmy Heath Big Band. She has also performed regularly alongside renowned Grammy-winning artists Roy Hargrove, Lewis Nash, Joe Chambers & Darcy James Argue. Sharel has toured 24 countries and performed at leading venues like the Newport Jazz Festival, Monterey Jazz Festival & the North Sea Jazz Festival. Additionally, she has shared the stage with Herbie Hancock, Wynton Marsalis, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Christian McBride, and Natalie Cole. Sharel was lead alto in the Diva Jazz Orchestra from 2007-2014 and performed in Wynton Marsalis’ Broadway musical After Midnight.
In mainstream genres, Sharel joined Top 40 hit singer-songwriter Natalie Merchant on her recording “Paradise is Here.” She has also performed with Aretha Franklin, Vanessa Williams, K.D. Lang, Fantasia, Trisha Yearwood, Seth MacFarland (Family Guy), Ruben Blades, and DJ Logic.
Sharel appears in publications “I Walked with Giants” by Jimmy Heath, “AM Jazz: Three Generations Under the Lens” by Adrianna Mateo and “Freedom of Expression: Interviews with Women in Jazz” by Chris Becker. An alumni of IAJE Sisters in Jazz, Betty Carter’s Jazz Ahead, and the Ravinia Summer Residency, Sharel has received Downbeat Student Music Awards for Best Jazz soloist, Composition, and Ensemble.
As classical pianist, Sharel placed third in the Disney International Piano Concerto Competition at the age of 10, among many other collegiate and state piano competitions. An accomplished classical saxophonist, Sharel was offered a full scholarship to North Texas State University for classical saxophone.
Currently, Cassity accepted a temporary full-time position at the University of Wisconsin-Madison as Professor of Saxophone for the Fall 2019 semester. Additionally, she has three adjunct positions in the Chicago area at Elgin Community College, Columbia College, and DePaul University. Between 2016-17 Sharel taught internationally as the Woodwind Professor at Qatar Music Academy in Doha, Qatar.
Moving frequently throughout her childhood, Sharel graduated high school in Yukon, Ok. In 2000 she moved to New York City and relocated to Chicago in 2017 with her family. Sharel is a proud Vandoren Performing Artist.
Division of the Arts announces 2021 Creative Arts Awards recepients January 15, 2021
Jeanette Ross, former professor of piano, passed away January 14, 2021
A Special Retrospective Schubertiade December 31, 2020
Kenneth Woods named 2020 Mead Witter School of Music Distinguished Alumni December 15, 2020
Laura Schwendinger awarded 2020 Fromm Foundation Commission December 11, 2020
Faculty presenting papers at AJS Annual Conference December 11, 2020
Celebrate with winter 2020 graduates during virtual commencement ceremony December 10, 2020
Voice & Opera students place high at Wisconsin NATS auditions December 9, 2020
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Home / News / Union Investigation Confirms Allegations Against Plácido Domingo
Union Investigation Confirms Allegations Against Plácido Domingo
Published February 25, 2020 | By Alicia Cook | Post in All Areas
NEW YORK CITY - On September 6, 2019, The American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA) announced the union had retained an independent investigator to examine allegations of sexual harassment and discrimination made by AGMA members against Plácido Domingo.
The investigation concluded that Mr. Domingo had, in fact, engaged in inappropriate activity, ranging from flirtation to sexual advances, in and outside of the workplace. Many of the witnesses expressed fear of retaliation in the industry as their reason for not coming forward sooner. The AGMA Board of Governors has accepted the findings of the report and will take appropriate action.
“AGMA is the connective tissue of our industry. We owed it to our members to conduct this investigation,” said Raymond Menard, AGMA President. “We must remain committed to confronting systemic problems which can cause our members to suffer unlawful discrimination and harassment at work, and to protecting the health and safety of our members in all AGMA signatory companies.”
“AGMA’s efforts to protect its members will not end with this investigation. AGMA is calling upon all companies in Opera, Dance, and Choral concert fields to join an industry-wide initiative to positively change the culture,” said Leonard Egert, AGMA’s National Executive Director. “This will ensure that artists feel respected and empowered to address sexual harassment and related issues going forward.”
Opera America, along with several other major U.S. opera companies, has already responded to this call by expressing a desire to partner in these efforts. This new labor-management coalition will include AGMA membership, signatory companies, support partners, and other stakeholders in a unified commitment to improve culture, prevent harassment in the future. This is a developing effort and AGMA will continue to review and revise its approach. More details on this initiative will be released in the coming weeks. Additionally, AGMA will engage in a promotional campaign using videos, online and printed materials, as well as training programs, to empower its membership to speak out and prevent harassment.
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When a coronavirus vaccine is developed, who will be first in line to get it? A CDC panel usually decides
Elizabeth Weise / USA TODAY
No matter how well-prepared we are, there won’t immediately be enough coronavirus vaccine to immunize all Americans. Choices will have to be made about who goes to the front of the line.
“It’s inevitable that the vaccine will come out more slowly than we like. We’re not going to have 350 million doses delivered day one,” said Andrew Pavia, chief of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.
To be most protective, a list of the first to be immunized must be carefully crafted based on what type of vaccine may become available, who it works best for and whether the disease is still raging.
Since 1964, the United States has relied on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to make those decisions. As soon as the Food and Drug Administration licenses a new vaccine, ACIP offers guidelines on how it should be distributed, to whom and when.
The World Health Organization has a similar group, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization.
ACIP already has begun working on a plan for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The WHO group began its process last week.
“We’re starting as early as we can to deal with the torrent of data that’s coming out," said Dr. Grace Lee, a professor of pediatrics at Stanford University School of Medicine and current ACIP member. "We don’t want to wait until the vaccine becomes available and begin our deliberations then.”
Typically, ACIP’s guidelines would be used without question. That became slightly less clear on Friday with the announcement of a White House initiative called Operation Warp Speed.
In a news conference in the Rose Garden, President Trump said the initiative would create a group of experts and bring together the CDC, National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. military to work at “record speed” to find, test, manufacture and distribute a vaccine.
Moncef Slaoui, a former pharmaceutical executive who Trump named to head Operation Warp Speed, said early clinical trial data from at least one vaccine candidate made him confident “we will be able to deliver a few hundred million doses of vaccine by the end of 2020. We will do the best we can to do that.”
Trump announces 'Operation Warp Speed,' says U.S. could have coronavirus vaccine by January
Vaccine experts have consistently urged caution in presuming a vaccine will be available soon. The White House Coronavirus Task Force's Dr. Anthony Fauci has said while a vaccine is likely within the next year or two, the process takes time. Securing a vaccine quickly would require everything falling exactly into place, the director of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases has said.
"You can rush vaccine development but only when you understand – there’s no way around it – you are trading safety for speed, said Dr. Greg Poland, director of the Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group.
Few details of how coordination within Operation Warp Speed would work were provided and it is unclear what role it will play in vaccine allocation. An unnamed government official involved with the initiative told CNN earlier this month one of the tasks of the new group is to determine who gets the first doses.
The CDC referred inquiries about how the two groups would work together to the White House. The White House did not respond to a request for clarification.
Vaccine experts have spent years considering the best and most effective way to dole out immunizations. ACIP has clear and transparent guidelines on how to conduct the process available on its website, and all its meetings in which it votes on vaccine recommendations are public and webcast. The next is on June 24.
Discussions center on balancing protection for the largest number of people with protecting the most vulnerable.
“If I’ve only got 30 million doses for the next year and I’ve got a population of 350 million, who do I assign propriety to?” said Dr. Arthur Reingold, division head of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of California at Berkeley and an internationally recognized expert on infectious disease.
Health care providers, first responders, the military, political leaders, the elderly, pregnant women and children are generally put at the front of the line, depending on the disease and the vaccine, said Reingold, who served on ACIP for many years.
“All kinds of ethicists are brought to the table,” he said.
Another approach to control an epidemic is to focus on hot spots where a disease is spreading and there are high transmission rates.
"You would rush vaccine to the area, open your clinics and try to get a large proportion of the population vaccinated quickly," said Pavia.
For SARS-CoV-2, the devil is in the details because so much remains unknown about who it affects and how.
Vaccines differ. One may be best for healthy adults, another better for children, and a third most effective for the elderly or those with preexisting medical conditions. ACIP reviews all the data and recommends who should get which vaccines and, if there are shortages, who should go first.
In the case of the new coronavirus, data might show while the elderly are severely affected by COVID-19 immunizing their caregivers could better protect them, depending on how effective the vaccine is for different ages.
“We think about who’s at risk for being exposed, who suffers the worst complications and which population provides the highest benefit due to herd immunity,” said Lee.
Herd immunity is when enough people in the population have been infected and developed immunity to the virus it can no longer spread freely. Scientists' models estimate 65% of the population needs to be immune to establish such immunity and stop the spread of the disease.
So far, infection rates alone are nowhere near high enough to create such herd immunity. While a national infection in the United States has not yet been determined, in France, an estimated 4.4% of the population is believed to have been infected with the disease as of May 11, according to a paper in the journal Science.
Whoever determines who gets inoculated first, public health experts say past experience shows the best medical conclusion isn’t always the best solution.
During a shortage of flu vaccine in 2004 it was decided that the elderly, who were at high risk, should get vaccinated first. It turned out they didn’t want it.
“They said, ‘I’d rather my grandchildren receive the vaccine,’” said Dr. William Schaffner, a professor in the division of infectious disease at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.
After health care workers and first responders are immunized, Schaffner suggested simply making a vaccine available on a first-come, first-served basis.
“Vaccine left in the refrigerator never protected anyone from anything,” he said.
Some health care professionals say Americans need to be part of the conversation about how any coming coronavirus vaccine should be doled out.
“We need to engage with the public now. You’ve got to consider public values,” said Daniel Salmon, a professor of international health who directs the Institute for Vaccine Safety at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “It’s not all about what the scientists think.”
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Fringe for Free! Toronto Fringe ticket giveaways for shows playing on Wednesday, July 11th
July 9, 2012 Tiffany Budhyanto
2012 Toronto Fringe is still chugging along, full speed ahead – and you should see a show this week! And what better way to go to a Fringe show than for free!? As you know from last year we like to spread the love during Fringe and invite our readers to participate in contests for a pair of FREE Fringe tickets to SIX shows every day of the festival. So enter a contest and Fringe for Free! Today’s contest features a pair of tickets to five shows on Wednesday, July 11th.
The shows are:
Smart Food – To be entered into the draw for a pair of tickets to the 12pm show at Annex Theatre (Venue 5) please send an email to contests@mooneyontheatre.com with the subject line “Smart Food contest” by 7pm on Tuesday, July 10, 2012.
Everything I Never Knew I Wanted – To be entered into the draw for a pair of tickets to the 12pm show at Tarragon Extra (Venue 2) please send an email to contests@mooneyontheatre.com with the subject line “Everything I Never Knew I Wanted contest” by 7pm on Tuesday, July 10, 2012.
The Virginity Lost & Found – To be entered into the draw for a pair of tickets to the 2:15pm show at Tarragon Extra (Venue 2) please send an email to contests@mooneyontheatre.com with the subject line “The Virginity Lost & Found contest” by 7pm on Tuesday, July 10, 2012.
I Became My Mother – To be entered into the draw for a pair of tickets to the 7:45pm show at St. Vlad’s Theatre (Venue 7) please send an email to contests@mooneyontheatre.com with the subject line “I Became My Mother contest” by 7pm on Tuesday, July 10, 2012.
Botched – To be entered into the draw for a pair of tickets to the 1opm show at Theatre Passe Muraille Backspace (Venue 11) please send an email to contests@mooneyontheatre.com with the subject line “Botched contest” by 7pm on Tuesday, July 10, 2012.
Mum and the Big C – To be entered into the draw for a pair of tickets to the 11pm show at Randolph Theatre (Venue 4) please send an email to contests@mooneyontheatre.com with the subject line “Mum and the Big C contest” by 7pm on Tuesday, July 10, 2012.
See below for details on each show, how the contest works:
From Press release: Smart Food is an absurdist comedy about Florence, a young man who has a skeleton in his closet – literally! Well, actually it’s a plastic skeleton in his duffle bag who he names Frasier, and he confides in his best friend (and plastic Halloween decoration) with some of his most brutal and humiliating secrets. One of which may be his undoing.
This piece plays at Annex Theatre. Performances: July 04 06:30 PM, July 06 10:30 PM, July 08 08:00 PM, July 11 12:00 PM, July 12 09:15 PM, July 13 11:30 PM, July 14 04:00 PM
Everything I Never Knew I Wanted
From Press release: Stacey was convinced she could “have it all”. Of course life was so much clearer at the age of 6. Seen through the lens of an investigative news team, this autobiographical show takes a humorous and poignant look at what can happen when life doesn’t always go according to plan.
This piece plays at Tarragon Extra. Performances: July 04 06:30 PM, July 06 03:30 PM, July 08 08:15 PM, July 09 06:45 PM, July 11 12:00 PM, July 13 05:15 PM, July 14 10:30 PM
The Virginity Lost & Found
From Press release: An improv-based, drag-tastic, bawdy (but rarely vulgar!) sex comedy about a very special office of the Ministry of the Interior. (warning: management is not responsible for any feminist ideas about the virginity construct you may internalize during this performance.)
I Became My Mother
From Press release: A husband and father of three teens, who is a rock and roll musician turned stroller soccer dad decided one day to dive into the world of open mic standup comedy. There to joke, rant, rave, sing and scream a dads tale from cradles to beyond, he discovers the undeniable.
This piece plays at St. Vlad’s Theatre. July 04 08:45 PM, July 07 02:15 PM, July 09 03:00 PM, July 11 07:45 PM, July 13 02:15 PM, July 14 12:00 PM, July 15 09:00 PM
From Press Release: A dark comedy about a girl’s (absurdist) journey to find her mother… who may or may not have aborted her twenty years ago. Botched irreverently explores both sides of the abortion debate with the grace of Sarah Kane and the sensibility of Eugene Ionesco.
Warning: This play contains adult subject matter, one anthropomorphized egg and dolls.
This piece plays at Theatre Passe Muraille Backspace. Performances: July 05 07:45 PM, July 06 06:30 PM, July 07 10:15 PM, July 08 06:15 PM, July 10 01:30 PM, July 11 10:00 PM, July 13 07:00 PM, July 15 02:15 PM
Mum and the Big C
From Press release: A no-strings attached, playgirl lesbian, most titillated when transient, is relegated back to the sedentary burbs to nurse her boob cancer-riddled, food hoarder mom who’s hell-bent on marrying her off, and finds herself fenced in with lies when she unwittingly shags her mother’s oncologist and falls in love.
This piece plays at the Randolph Theatre. Performances: July 04 08:45 PM, July 07 12:00 PM, July 08 08:45 PM, July 09 03:00 PM, July 11 11:00 PM, July 13 01:45 PM, July 14 09:15 PM
Contest Rules:
(these will remain the same for each Fringe contest, so take the time to read the list once and you’ll be set)
The only acceptable form of entry for the contest is by email, sent to contests@mooneyontheatre.com (Mooney on Theatre will never use your email address for anything other than to reply to the specific contest you entered, and we certainly would never sell it or anything like that)
Each show counts as its own contest, and each entry must be in a separate email. So, if 5 shows are giving tickets away on a given day, and you want to try for each of them, then you need to send 5 emails.
Entrants must be available on the day and time listed in the contest. The tickets are available for that showing only, and cannot be transferred to another date.
The winning entrants will be chosen by a random drawing.
Winners will be notified by email by 9pm on the day of contest closing and need to confirm their attendance 10am AT THE LATEST the following morning so that their names can be given to the theatre company for tickets to be set aside.
Photo I.D. may be required to claim the winning tickets.
Tickets must be picked up 60 to 30 minutes before show time at the venue box office. The box office reserves the right to release any tickets not picked up 15 minutes before show time.
We ask that all winners provide us with a quick blurb on what they thought of the show, either in the comments section of the press release on Mooney on Theatre, or if it has already been reviewed by Mooney on Theatre in the comments section of that.
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Home News Cripple Creek Cripple Creek Offers Sneak Preview Of 2020 Theater Schedule
Cripple Creek Offers Sneak Preview Of 2020 Theater Schedule
Last Saturday, officials from the city of Cripple Creek offered a sneak peek of the upcoming 2020 Butte Theater season and addressed questions by community residents.
Earlier last week, the Butte Theater manager Mel Moser sent out a mass e-mail inviting the public to the meeting in order to clear up some rumors that the theater was shutting its doors. The rumors occurred after the city recently made the move to switch theater production companies by discontinuing the Mountain Repertoire Theater Company’s contract, and resigning the Thin Air Theater Company to put on shows at the city funded Butte Theater. TATC previously did shows at the Butte for 10 years.
Moser started the meeting, held in front of a crowd of around 50 people, by introducing other city officials, including City Administrator Mark Campbell and Jeff Mosher, the city’s new marketing and special events director.
The theater manager then addressed the crowd and passed out a list of the shows that the theater will be putting on for the 2020 season. He told the meeting attendees that the schedule was developed to go back to having more classic melodramas, but he assured everyone that the Butte would be hosting other performances such as musicals.
Moser said that he has heard community concerns, hinting that the city was turning its back on their arts program and the theater. Moser stressed that this rumor was not true. In fact, Moser said he was the main person that led the recent changes, rather than the city. More importantly, he said the city has offered strong support for the Butte.
The theater manager said the impetus of the changes was to have theater go back to producing more locally historical classic melodramas, citing the fact that the majority of their funding comes from historical preservation funds.
“I want to touch on one more point why it is important that we remember our history and we remember the classic melodrama,” Moser explained. “We receive 100 percent of our funding, let me say that one more time, 100 percent of our funding comes from historical preservation funding. The reason they are supporting the Butte and the reason the city is using their historical funding for the Butte is because we are a historical building yes, but we are one of four houses (in the country), there are only three other houses that are involved with the classic melodrama.”
Moser also talked about the history of the Butte theater and his involvement with the theater.
The city officials addressed a number of questions from the audience regarding the theater’s new direction.
Questions were raised about the old Star casino building, located next door to the Butte. Campbell told the crowd that the city had recently bought the building towards the end of last year, just a few weeks ago.
He said that the city had been leasing the building and paying for its maintenance for quite some time. As a result, it made sense that the city purchase the building. The city administrator also said that not much would change with the building and that it would still be used to build sets for the Butte. He did say though, that there have been ideas to use a portion of the building as housing for the professional Butte Theater actors, but they have yet to move forward with the plan.
The rest of the questions asked during the sneak peek session had to do with programming, and how children and others in the community could be involved with performances at the theater. The crowd also made some suggestions referring to how children in the community could get paid to perform in the productions. They also gave ideas of community events to have at the theater before the professional season starts, including a showing of the old country-western movie from the 1950s entitled “Cripple Creek.”
During the sneak peek session, Moser said the upcoming season will have two separate schedules including a community schedule and a professional season. According to Moser, the community season will run from Jan. to May and the theater will host a talent show, a performance by a mind bender from Las Vegas, and it will show several classic movies such as Disney films and famous musicals.
The professional schedule will have at least five productions that will run from mid-May through December. During the Christmas show, children and other members from the community will have the opportunity to audition to perform.
Here are some of the highlights of the forthcoming professional season:
Under The Colorado Sun
This classic Victorian melodrama was written by Thin Air Theater Company’s playwright Chris Sorensen and it is a new adaptation of Quida’s “Under Two Flags.” The story is about a man from New York who fakes his death and flees to Cripple Creek for a new life. The production will be accompanied by an all new olio that will entertain the audience during scene changes.
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
This classic musical was first produced for Broadway in 1949 and then it was later made into a film in 1953. The performance will feature classic songs such as “Diamonds are a girl’s best friend” that was most famously performed by actress Marilyn Monroe.
I Ought To Be In Pictures
This famous comedy-drama play was the 18th written by Neil Simon and it originally opened at Broadway in 1980. The play was later made into a classic film in 1982 that starred actors Walter Matthau and Ann Margaret. This production that will be shown during the late summer season is about a struggling writer, his daughter and his on-again / off-again girlfriend.
Haunting At The Old Homestead
The Thin Air Theater Company’s own playwright Chris Sorensen comes back this fall for another performance that is set in the famous mining town. The production is about spirits that start scaring away guests at Cripple Creek’s famous brothel the Old Homestead. Famous prostitute from the gold rush era Pearl DeVere then decides to recruit three “ghostbusters” to help her rid the property of spirits.
A Cripple Creek Christmas Carol
The final show of the season will feature local actors of all ages as well as the professional crew. This unique holiday-themed performance is producer Armbrister and playwright Sorensen’s rendition of a Dickens classic and it will take the audience through a “perfect past, present, and future holiday experience.”
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Disneyland Guide
Walt Disney World Guide
Downtown Disney / Disney Springs
Disneyland in Natural Color
by Richard Kaufman, contributing writer August 24, 2005
© Disney.
As collectibles go, the guide books for Disneyland have always been a fun and generally affordable option. They offer a window into the past—sometimes our past, and other times a past we like to dream about. Both of Disneyland's original guide books have been reprinted to commemorate the park's 50th anniversary.
The Story of Disneyland (1955) was the park's first guide book, prepared prior to the opening. It contains artwork rather than photographs and was reproduced in a limited edition of 500 for $125 for the merchandise event in July and came in an attractive wooden box (the high price was an odd choice since original copies routinely sell on eBay for far less—$60 or so). Picture Souvenir Book of Disneyland in Natural Color (the full title is a mouthful) was the second guide book produced and the first to contain photographs of the actual rides and attractions. It's both harder to find and more expensive, so Disney Edition's open edition reprint is welcome.
An introduction to Main Street in The Story of Disneyland. © Disney.
The greatest pleasure in looking through old guide books is the ability to see the park in its earlier days. From the color photo on the cover depicting Walt gesturing toward Peter Ellenshaw's concept art (an image from the Disneyland TV show on ABC), to the 34 color photos inside of the park in its opening months, there's a lot of nostalgia to be had for $10.
The guide books in 1955 were smaller than those produced from 1956 onward, and the reprints reflect this—they're smaller than you expect. Disneyland in Natural Color is a 24-page saddle-stitched booklet, 6 by 9 inches, with glossy laminated covers. Considering that it's unlikely the original photographs could be located, Disney Editions has done a startling job in creating this new edition from one of the original printed booklets. The photos are generally clear and the colors surprisingly vivid.
The most surprising thing for me, no matter how many times I see it, is how “young” the vegetation was—the vast expanses of blue sky visible above and around all the buildings give a totally different feeling than the lush green surroundings of the park today. In terms of attractions, so much of the park has changed in every land that many of the photographs reveal a place completely unfamiliar to many of us. On opening day Disneyland was not the crowded place we see now, with shops and attractions squeezed into almost every corner. In 1955 Disneyland reflected only a part of Walt's dream—the part he could manage to scrape together by opening day. It would take many years for Walt to begin to fulfill his vision, and Disneyland in Natural Color is a lovely way to spend a few minutes seeing exactly how he created the framework for what he eventually built into what we think of today as “Walt's Park.”
The book is priced at $9.95 and is available at Disney theme parks.
A page dedicated to the Jungle Cruise from Disneyland in Natural Color. © Disney.
An Explosion of Star Wars Series and Movie Releases Coming Soon
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Discuss this article on MousePad.
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Emily Holbrook
Risk and Insurance Management Society, Inc. (RIMS)
Environmental, Energy & Resources
Insurance Reinsurance & Surety
Learning from Katrina: Storm Surge Protection Is Paramount
On August 29, 2005, the levees that were supposed to protect New Orleans failed catastrophically. The United States Army Corps of Engineers simply did not do the job it was tasked to do. As such, it was found liable for the flooding in court.
“It is the court’s opinion that the negligence of the Corps, in this instance by failing to maintain the MRGO properly, was not policy, but insouciance, myopia and short-sightedness,” U.S. District Court Judge Stanwood Duval Jr. wrote in his lengthy ruling, referring to the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet canal.
“For over 40 years, the Corps was aware that the Reach II levee protecting Chalmette and the Lower Ninth Ward was going to be compromised by the continued deterioration of the MRGO … The Corps had an opportunity to take a myriad of actions to alleviate this deterioration or rehabilitate this deterioration and failed to do so. Clearly, the expression ‘talk is cheap’ applies here.”
Clearly, the man-made protection was not up to par. The storm surge that rushed inland was too great for it to restrain.
As many have noted in the past five years, however, there were other safeguards that historically protected New Orleans: coastal wetlands and barrier islands. But for decades, as National Geographic notes, these were allowed to erode away to the point that they could offer little resistance to the rising tides that ultimately breached the levees.
When Hurricane Katrina smacked the Gulf Coast in August 2005, the protection from powerful storm surges provided by coastal wetlands and barrier islands had gradually been whittled away. Since the 1930s, Louisiana had lost 1.2 million acres of coastal wetlands. More than two dozen dams and thousands of miles of levees on the Mississippi River had trapped sediment that otherwise would have replenished them. At the same time, wetlands were drained and filled to enable oil and commercial development in the Gulf region. Even as the Army Corps of Engineers failed to adequately maintain levees to keep the floodwaters at bay, this loss of natural protection worsened the catastrophe.
Of course, this is not an issue unique to New Orleans.
Across the globe, protective wetlands are disappearing. At the same time, coastal populations are expanding. The combination is deadly and means that wind storms and flooding that would have been less catastrophic to society just a few decades ago are now inherently capable of creating more damage more easily to more people. The NatGeo piece uses the current, historic flooding in Pakistan and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami as examples of major disasters that could have been less disastrous if the natural protective barriers had not been allowed to degrade so dramatically.
With some investment, however, scientists believe that such ecosystems can be restored and again provide protective benefits.
Just as we buy home insurance and life insurance to protect ourselves and our families from catastrophic losses, so society now needs to “buy” disaster insurance to reduce the damage caused by floods and other weather-related events. By strategically investing in the protection and restoration of ecological infrastructure, we can begin to re-gain the benefits of nature’s services.
Some nascent efforts in this direction have at least been floated. Within a month of the Asian tsunami, officials in Indonesia–where more than 126,000 of the tsunami deaths had occurred and where some 1.6 million acres of coastal mangroves had been lost in the preceding few decades–announced a large-scale effort to restore the nation’s mangrove defenses. In the aftermath of Katrina, U.S. scientists have been studying the idea of diverting Mississippi River water back toward Louisiana’s disappearing coastal swamps, to supply the nutrients and sediments needed to rebuild them.
Overall, however, the story is one of inertia, neglect and missed opportunity. After the Great Midwest Flood of 1993, U.S. researchers estimated that restoration of 13 million acres of wetlands in the upper portion of the Mississippi-Missouri watershed, at a cost of $2-3 billion, would have absorbed enough floodwater to have substantially reduced the $16 billion in flood damages from that event. But instead of calling floodplains and wetlands back into active duty, officials in the region permitted even more floodplain development. Nicholas Pinter of Southern Illinois University estimates that 28,000 new homes and 6,630 acres of commercial and industrial development have since sprung up on land that was under water in 1993.
I interviewed former FEMA head James Lee Witt in 2008 (following the Sichuan earthquake in China and Cyclone Nargis that hit Burma soon after), and he was a proponent using natural barriers as well. Here he highlights one of the initiatives he enacted along the riverbanks of the Red River after devastating flooding there in 1997 caused some $3.5 billion in damages.
We utilized the mitigation and buy-out relocation programs [after the flood]. Mayor Pat Owens in Grand Forks [North Dakota] and Mayor Lynn Stauss in East Grand Forks [Minnesota] took all that space and turned it into green, open-space parks. And the Army Corps of Engineers did a fantastic job on the levee work there. You should see that town now. It is a model of prevention.
Mayor Strauss in East Grand Forks took the area we bought out-which still had all the infrastructure, streets and huge trees right along the river-and turned that into an motor home park where people can camp in the summer. It turned into an absolutely beautiful city.
The lesson in all this is that prevention, both natural and man-made, must be prioritized by city planners. If there is a threat of flooding, particularly if the natural barriers that have historically protected the city are disappearing, the municipality must find a way to refortify its shorelines and riverbanks.
Unfortunately, those who propose anything with the words “restore” and “ecosystem” in the same sentence are often quickly dismissed as tree-huggers who are overly concerned with protecting wildlife. With city and state budgets stretched thin, that is not something many citizens can get behind. But it is not about saving the whales — it is about saving people.
And, ultimately, from a protection standpoint, man-made barriers can be just as good in many locations. In New Orleans, for example, they are nearing the completion of a new protection system.
Nearly five years after Katrina and the devastating failures of the levee system, New Orleans is well on its way to getting the protection system Congress ordered: a ring of 350 miles of linked levees, flood walls, gates and pumps that surrounds the city and should defend it against the kind of flooding that in any given year has a 1 percent chance of occurring.
The scale of the nearly $15 billion project, which is not due to be completed until the beginning of next year’s hurricane season, brings to mind an earlier age when the nation built huge works like the Brooklyn Bridge, the Hoover Dam and the Interstate highway system.
The city’s reinforced defenses are already stronger than they were before Katrina. But even after 2011, experts argue, they will still provide less protection than New Orleans needs to avoid serious flooding in massive storms.
This new system is not a Dutch-level engineering marvel that will hold back virtually anything short of Armageddon. You would think that the the death of so many New Orleans residents would have spurred the same “never again” mentality that the Dutch took after they lost 2,000 of their citizens to a flood in 1953 — not the creation of a 100-year protective system (meaning that those who construct it essentially expect it will likely fail within a century when an unusually strong, but not unthinkably strong, storm strikes).
But it is certainly a vast improvement over what existed in 2005.
Now, if we can just get other areas to see the importance of holding back floodwaters before they devastate the community, we will really be making some progress.
The above article is reprinted from the Risk Management Monitor - the official blog of Risk Management magazine.
Risk Management Magazine and Risk Management Monitor. Copyright 2020 Risk and Insurance Management Society, Inc. All rights reserved.National Law Review, Volume , Number 244
Emily Holbrook is the editor of Risk Management magazine and the Risk Management Monitor blog.
www.rmmagazine.com
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James P. Flynn
Trade Secrets and Noncompete Blog
Utah Hopes That Third Time’s a Charm for Non-Compete Statute
The State of Utah on March 22, 2019 returned to the topic of non-competes for the third time in three years. It had passed that statute in 2016 (as we noted), and then amended in 2018 (as we also discussed here earlier), and now is at it again, by amending it once more. Maybe they are hoping that the third time’s a charm, as they say.
It seems that, like Goldilocks, the broadcasting industry found the original 2016 statutory bed to be a little too hard for it to sleep in. As we discussed at the time:
The State of Utah recently enacted Utah Code Annotated 34-51-101 et seq., the so-called Post-Employment Restrictions Amendments, which limit restrictive covenants entered into on or after May 10, 2016 to a one-year time period from termination. Although this could curtail certain employers’ plans, the amendments enacted provide some important exceptions and are in fact much more favorable to employers than those first proposed, which would have precluded virtually all post-employment restrictions in Utah.
[Utah Restricts Post-Employment Restrictions By James P. Flynn on April 6, 2016]
Thus, in 2018, the statute was amended to provide certain rules to apply specifically to the broadcasting industry:
In Utah, the legislature amended the two-year old Post-Employment Restrictions Act (which we had written about before) to limit the enforcement of non-compete agreements against employees in the broadcasting industry. The statute (HB 241) imposes a compensation test that precludes non-competes for broadcast industry employees making less than $47,476 annually, limits broadcast company employment contracts to four years or less, and nullifies any restriction that would limit competition beyond the original contract expiration date (meaning that an employee with a one year restriction who leaves a broadcast employer three months before contract expiration would have a three-month non-compete rather than a one-year non-compete). The amendment also allows enforcement only if the employee is either terminated “for cause,” or the employee breaches the employment contract “in a manner that results in” his or her separation, curious language that seems to leave unaddressed whether a non-compete can be enforced where a non-breaching employee simply resigns. While this amendment is certainly part of the trend of states (Arizona, Connecticut, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, and New York) having statutes specific to non-compete agreements in the broadcasting industry, it also fits in the broader trend of industry-specific limitations targeting an expanding list of industries and the even broader attack on non-compete agreements more generally.
[Utah and Idaho Continue Trend of State Legislatures’ Focusing on Non-Competes By James P. Flynn on April 16, 2018]
Evidently, somebody must have felt that this was too soft on the enforcement of contracts negotiated at arms’ length in the broadcasting industry because it precluded consenting parties from agreeing to contracts of more than four years. So now the statute has removed the four-year cap and replaced it with an amended provision stating that a broadcasting industry non-compete may be included as “part of a written contract of reasonable duration, based on industry standards, the position, the broadcasting employee’s experience, geography, and the parties’ unique circumstances.” Thus, less than three years after enacting the statute and less than one year after trying to put that industry-specific exception to bed, the Utah legislature jumped at the chance to nestle into a result that it must hope “was just right.” I guess we will see.
©2020 Epstein Becker & Green, P.C. All rights reserved.National Law Review, Volume IX, Number 87
JAMES P. FLYNN is a Member of the Firm in the Litigation and Labor and Employment practices. He serves as the General Counsel of Epstein Becker Green and the Managing Shareholder of the firm's Newark office, where he is based. His practice focuses on civil litigation and corporate counseling, including trial and appellate work in the area of intellectual property, complex commercial matters, and employment law. Mr. Flynn represents businesses in a broad spectrum of industries, including health care, pharmaceuticals, and financial services.
jflynn@ebglaw.com
www.ebglaw.com
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Bryan Fletcher, cancer survivor, wins U.S. Olympic Nordic Combined Trials
Bryan Fletcher, diagnosed with leukemia at age 4, won the U.S. Olympic Nordic Combined Trials to lock up his second Winter Games berth on Saturday.
Fletcher, 31, overcame an 84-second deficit after the ski jump to reach the 10km cross-country ski finish line first in Park City, Utah.
Brothers Adam and Ben Loomis were second and third, followed by Fletcher’s younger brother, Taylor, according to reports from Park City.
As a boy, Bryan Fletcher underwent chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia for more than four years, surviving a stroke in the process, before going into remission at age 8.
He entered kindergarten with a bald head but made light of his condition by painting it green and wearing a matching Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles outfit.
Fletcher, who took up skiing during chemo, was a ski jumping forerunner at the 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City.
He just missed the 2010 Olympic team due to an ankle injury from falling down stairs. Taylor took the last spot instead.
Fletcher made his Olympic debut in Sochi, finishing 22nd and 26th in two individual events and sixth in the team event.
Ben Loomis, a 19-year-old and 2016 Youth Olympic silver medalist, led Saturday’s trials after the ski jump portion. Bryan and Taylor Fletcher were fifth and sixth going into the 10km.
This Olympic Nordic combined team will not have any of the men who won the U.S.’ four medals in the sport, all in 2010.
Bill Demong and Todd Lodwick, who competed in the last five Olympics, retired after Sochi.
Without them, U.S. skiers haven’t performed well enough internationally yet to earn an Olympic berth in the Nordic combined team event.
The U.S. currently has two spots available in the individual events in PyeongChang but can get up to five spots (and a team event berth) by the qualifying deadline in three weeks.
The team event has been in the Olympics since 1988, with the U.S. taking part each time.
The U.S. Olympic ski jumping trials are Sunday, airing on NBC, NBCSports.com/live and the NBC Sports app at 1 p.m. ET.
The male and female winners will clinch Olympic berths, with the rest of the team announced in January.
The favorites include Sochi Olympian Sarah Hendrickson and Nita Englund, plus Will Rhoads and Kevin Bickner, a pair leading a new generation of U.S. male jumpers.
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Hidden In Plain Sight: Inside Derby's Sterling Opera House
Built in 1889 and abandoned more than 50 years ago, some believers think the theater could be haunted.
By Dan Corcoran • Published October 30, 2019 • Updated on December 18, 2019 at 5:59 pm
The Sterling Opera House has been standing tall on the edge of the green in downtown Derby for more than a century. It has been sealed off to the public in recent years, and some who have entered it say it can get spooky.
Built in 1889 and abandoned more than 50 years ago, some believers think the theater could be haunted. Paranormal investigators and ghost hunters have been drawn to this space over time.
"They claim there's paranormal activity here," said Jack Walsh, a lifelong Derby resident and self-described history buff. "Maybe we'll become the ghost center of Connecticut," Walsh said with a smirk.
"It's a nice looking building but you have no sense of what actually went on in here."
Keep in mind that 360-degree video only plays properly in certain browsers. Try Chrome, Firefox, MS Edge, and Opera on your desktop, and the YouTube app on your phone, for the best viewing experience.
Some well-known figures graced the stage over the years including Harry Houdini, Amelia Earhart, Bob Hope and Bing Crosby in addition to countless plays and musical performances. The Sterling Opera House was the first structure in Connecticut to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
After its popularity faded, the theater itself went dark in 1945. However, the lower levels of the building were used for another twenty years as city hall the police station and the jail. A few eerie artifacts were left behind in the rusted jail cells.
Walsh said one ghost hunter who visited the Sterling claims he saw a playground ball moving around the theater by itself.
Mubarak Soulemane 1 hour ago
"They said it would roll for no reason," said Walsh. "But then they also showed some other things of waves that might be a person and that there were also voices - the voice of a little boy."
The exterior of the Sterling has been maintained but it would take millions of dollars on the inside to bring it up to code if ever the doors were to open again.
"If there's enough money, they can do anything," said Walsh.
Hidden in Plain SightConnecticutDerbyHunterDan Corcoran
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See Saturn in cosmic triangle early Sunday
This sky map shows the location of Saturn and the moon in the night sky at 3 a.m. local time on Sunday, Jan. 6, 2013, for observers at mid-northern latitudes.Starry Night Software
Jan. 5, 2013, 6:01 PM UTC / Source: Space.com
By By Joe Rao
Skywatchers who are out and about after 3 a.m. local time Sunday, Jan. 6 will have an interesting celestial array to admire. Three heavenly bodies will come together to form a stretched-out and inverted triangle low in the east-southeast sky.
The planet Saturn will shine sedately with a yellowish-white glow well to the left of the moon, which will be a waning crescent about 36 percent illuminated. Hovering well above and to the right of the moon will be the bright bluish star Spica, in the zodiacal constellation of Virgo.
The moon appears to pass Spica every month, but over the past couple of years Saturn has been relatively nearby too. So we have been calling this monthly assemblage tin the night sky the "Saturn Triangle."
This weekend, the Saturn Triangle will be isosceles — that is, possessing two sides of equal length. The moon will be 10 degrees away from both Saturn and Spica in the sky. (Your clenched fist held at arm's length measures roughly 10 degrees.)
The side of the triangle from Saturn to Spica (the base) will measure a much longer 18 degrees. The moon will mark the vertex angle.
By around 5:30 a.m. Sunday, just as dawn is about to break, the trio will have moved to a point about one-third up in the sky toward the south-southeast. But the appearance of this celestial triangle will also have changed.
Saturn is currently 935 million miles from Earth and will not change its position noticeably relative to the background stars during the course of a single night.
But the moon is only 229,800 miles away and as a result will shift its position to the east during the course of the night. In fact, the moon appears to move east against the background stars at roughly its own apparent width (0.5 degrees) per hour.
So, only 2.5 hours after the triangle’s first appearance, the moon will have appeared to move about 1.25 degrees farther away from Spica, placing it noticeably closer to Saturn.
If you have a telescope, check out Saturn's rings. Back in the late summer of 2009, Saturn’s rings were all but invisible to us because they were turned nearly edge-on toward Earth. Now, however, they are tilted 19 degrees toward us and are readily seen with magnifications of 30 power and up.
Editor's note: If you snap an amazing photo of Saturn and the moon, or any other night sky view, and would like to share it with SPACE.com, send images and comments, including name, location and equipment used to managing editor Tariq Malik at spacephotos@space.com.
Joe Rao serves as an instructor and guest lecturer at New York's Hayden Planetarium. He writes about astronomy for The New YorkTimesand other publications, and he is also an on-camera meteorologist for News 12 Westchester, New York.Follow SPACE.com on Twitter . We're also on & .
Night Sky Observing Guide: January 2013 (Sky Maps)
Best Telescopes for Beginners | Telescope Reviews & Buying Guide
Saturn Quiz: How Well Do You Know the Ringed Planet?
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Additional Civil Rights
NCLR Statement on Rushed Confirmation of Justice Amy Coney Barrett to U.S. Supreme Court
by Christopher Vasquez | Oct 27, 2020
CONTACTS:Christopher Vasquez, NCLR Communications Director415.365.1337 | cvasquez@nclrights.org “Today’s action by the United States Senate is an affront to the American people and a threat to the credibility and integrity of the Supreme Court.” SAN FRANCISCO, CA – Today, the United States Senate voted along party lines to confirm Amy Coney Barrett to a lifetime appointment […]
U.S. Supreme Court Declines to Review Federal Court Ruling Ordering Medically Necessary Care for Transgender Prisoner in Idaho
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEOctober 13, 2020 WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, the United States Supreme Court declined to review a federal court decision ordering the Idaho Department of Corrections (IDOC) to provide medically necessary gender confirmation surgery to Adree Edmo, a transgender woman. As a result, the judgment that the United States Constitution requires the State to […]
NCLR’s Response to Justices Alito and Thomas
by Shannon Minter, Esq. | Oct 9, 2020 | Uncategorized
You have been by our side for a long time, through moments of thrilling victory and through many moments of peril and uncertainty as well. We know you look to us to do our research, be one step ahead of our foes, and be ready to pivot and fight until we win the rights […]
NCLR Condemns Rush to Replace Justice Ginsburg
by Christopher Vasquez | Sep 26, 2020
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASESeptember 26, 2020 CONTACTS:Christopher Vasquez, NCLR Communications Director415.365.1337 | cvasquez@nclrights.org SAN FRANCISCO, CA – Today, President Donald Trump announced the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett to replace Justice Ginsburg, only days after Justice Ginsburg’s death and before her burial at Arlington National Cemetery next week. After the death of Justice Scalia in 2016, […]
NCLR Mourns Loss of LGBTQ Equality Champion Justice Ginsburg, Commits to Continue to Fight to Honor Her Legacy
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASESeptember 18, 2020 CONTACTS:Christopher Vasquez, NCLR Communications Director415.365.1337 | cvasquez@nclrights.org “We will celebrate her life and grieve her loss. But above all, we will honor her legacy by continuing her fight.” SAN FRANCISCO, CA – The National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR) mourns the tragic loss of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg – a true […]
(Junk) Science and SCOTUS: The High Court’s Integrity is on the Line in June Medical Services v. Russo
by Julianna S. Gonen | Feb 27, 2020 | Uncategorized | Supreme Court
I recently experienced acute déjà vu when writing our amicus brief in the Supreme Court case June Medical Services v. Russo, which deals with a challenge to a 2014 Louisiana restriction on abortion. That’s probably because the Supreme Court heard a case about an identical state abortion restriction just four years ago. In Whole Woman’s […]
World AIDS Day Message from Executive Director Kate Kendell
by Kate Kendell, Esq. | Dec 1, 2017 | Uncategorized | NCLR, National Center for Lesbian Rights, Kate Kendell, Roberta Achtenberg, World AIDS Day
This year, NCLR celebrated four decades of work to advance LGBTQ equality. We know that we are stronger and better able to fight today’s battles because of our deep history in the movement—growing with, standing with, and supporting our community. And today, on World AIDS Day 2017, we renew our commitment to the fight against […]
NCLR’s Supreme Court Win This Week, and Other Moments That Build a Movement
by Kate Kendell, Esq. | Jun 30, 2017 | Uncategorized | Obergefell, Pavan, Masterpiece Cake Shop
Monday marked two important moments at NCLR. First, we celebrated the second anniversary of winning the freedom to marry nationwide at the U.S. Supreme Court in Obergefell v. Hodges. Being a part of the legal team that won that landmark and transformative victory for our community will always be a highlight of my legal career. […]
NCLR Opposes Confirmation of Damien Schiff and John K. Bush to the Federal Bench
by Julianna S. Gonen | Jun 13, 2017 | Uncategorized
As an organization that litigates cases to protect equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender(LGBT) people, we do not take lightly a decision to oppose judicial nominees. The records of these two individuals, however, compel us to take this position. We believe the unvarnished animus towards LGBTQ people exhibited by Mr. Bush and Mr. Schiff […]
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In 2014, President Obama issued an Executive Order prohibiting discrimination against LGBTQ people by entities that contract with or receive grants from the federal government. This was an important milestone in expanding essential job protections for our community, and it is now under serious threat. Sweeping language in the House version of the National Defense […]
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by Julianna S. Gonen | Oct 3, 2016 | Uncategorized
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It’s already being called “this summer’s hot documentary”—and soon, you can see The Freedom to Marry documentary for yourself at a theater near you! The Freedom to Marry is a new, “War Room” style film by award-winning filmmaker Eddie Rosenstein that provides an emotional, behind-the-scenes view of how love won – with a front-row seat […]
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by Erik Olvera | Jul 14, 2016 | Uncategorized
The Republican National Convention will consider adding its support for conversion therapy—the dangerous practice of attempting to change one’s sexual orientation and gender identity—to the GOP platform when it meets July 18-21 in Cleveland. Please help us tell the #RNC2016 to #StopHate and protect LGBTQ people from the dangerous practice, which has been condemned by […]
President Obama Designates Stonewall National Monument
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U.S. Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch Addresses Shooting at Orlando LGBTQ Nightclub
Today, U.S. Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch delivered remarks at the United State of Women Summit in Washington D.C., where she addressed the mass shooting at Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida on June 12, 2016. Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch: Good afternoon, everyone and thank you for that warm welcome. Thank you to Valerie Jarrett […]
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Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation in patients with chronic kidney disease: the chronic renal impairment in Birmingham (CRIB) study.
Landray MJ., Wheeler DC., Lip GYH., Newman DJ., Blann AD., McGlynn FJ., Ball S., Townend JN., Baigent C.
BACKGROUND: Studies in the general population suggest that low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS: Markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation were measured in 334 patients with chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine >1.47 mg/dL [>130 micromol/L] at screening) and compared with 2 age- and sex-matched control groups, 1 comprising 92 patients with coronary artery disease and the other comprising 96 apparently healthy individuals with no history of cardiovascular or kidney disease. RESULTS: There was evidence of low-grade inflammation in the chronic renal impairment group compared with healthy controls, with higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (3.70 versus 2.18 mg/L, P < 0.01) and fibrinogen (3.48 versus 2.67 g/L, P < 0.001) and lower serum albumin concentration (41.8 versus 44.0 g/dL [418 versus 440 g/L], P < 0.001). More severe renal impairment was associated with a trend towards higher fibrinogen and lower albumin concentrations (both P < 0.001), although there was no association with higher C-reactive protein level. As compared to healthy controls, plasma von Willebrand factor (142 versus 108 IU/dL, P < 0.001) and soluble P-selectin concentrations (57.0 versus 43.3 ng/mL, P < 0.001) were also higher in the chronic renal impairment group. More severe renal impairment was associated with a trend towards higher levels of von Willebrand factor (P < 0.001) and of soluble P selectin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional analysis demonstrates that chronic kidney disease is associated with low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet activation, even among patients with moderate renal impairment.
Am J Kidney Dis
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Artery Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Fibrinogen, Humans, Inflammation, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, P-Selectin, Platelet Activation, Serum Albumin, von Willebrand Factor
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West London News
Family of Ealing BBC journalist Claire Prosser who championed diversity set up bursary for trainee reporters
Claire Prosser died in 2014 after heart surgery and now her family have set up a bursary for aspiring students
David Rivers
Claire Prosser died in 2014 after a career in journalism including a 28-year spell at the BBC
Sign up to FREE email alerts from MyLondon - MyWestLondon News
The family of a journalist from Ealing have set up a bursary award for young people aspiring to break into the profession.
Claire Prosser died in 2014 after heart surgery just years after her son, Tom Clabburn, died in his sleep in October 2007 from an undiagnosed heart condition .
The 54-year-old, who set up the Tom Clabburn Memorial Fund in 2007 with husband Paul Clabburn, was the first director of the BBC's Journalism Training Scheme.
Now Mr Clabburn, daughter Ellen Clabburn and the Journalism Diversity Fund have set up the Claire Prosser bursary award to be managed by the National Council for the Training of Journalists (NCTJ).
The award is a £5,000 contribution to the successful applicant's bursary and will also include a work experience opportunity with the BBC, where the acclaimed journalist worked for 28 years.
Mr Clabburn, a former BBC news presenter who lived with his wife in Elers Road, said: "We are delighted to be able to work with the NCTJ and support a bursary in Claire's name.
"Claire was able to put into action her belief in equality of opportunity via her leadership of the BBC's Journalism Trainee Scheme.
"She believed strongly that journalism, a profession she loved and spent her life in, should be open to anyone from any background.
"It is that spirit we are seeking to keep alive. This bursary is part of her legacy."
'She made a difference to the careers of young people'
Claire's role was to bring diverse talent into the newsroom and she was recognised in 2015 with the European Diversity Awards' Lifetime Achievement accolade.
She began her career at the Surrey Herald in 1978, before spells at BBC Ceefax, BBC Radio 4 and on to BBC Radio 5 Live as an output editor before taking on her role in directing the Journalism Training Scheme.
NCTJ chief executive, Joanne Butcher said: "The NCTJ and Journalism Diversity Fund are proud to support and administer the Claire Prosser bursary award.
"Claire made a real difference to the careers of so many young people and we hope to continue her legacy with this award."
To be eligible for the bursary, applicants must have secured a place on an NCTJ-accredited course.
Mr Clabburn changed the name of the the Tom Clabburn Memorial Fund to the Tom Clabburn and Claire Prosser Memorial Fund following his wife's death.
In January earlier this year, the first of six cardiac screening sessions were launched after the fund had raised £150,000 for charity Cardiac Risk in the Young (CRY).
Around 600 people are expected to be screened this year, covered by the fund, so that people can be screened without paying.
Mr Clabburn has been funding screening sessions in London, particularly Ealing, since 2008.
According to CRY, every week 12 apparently fit and health young people, under the age of 30, lose their lives to sudden cardiac arrest and 80% of these have shown no previous signs of heart defect.
Loose Women’s Nadia Sawalha looks unrecognisable as Phil Mitchell’s lover in unearthed EastEnders snaps
EastEndersThe TV presenter played Annie Palmer in the BBC One soap during the 90s
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Mystika-info
Nechť každý nalezne, co je mu blízké a použije ku prospěchu všech bytostí ...
Úvod - Mysticism, Christian and Buddhist - Transmigration
Mysticism, Christian and Buddhist - Transmigration
DOES Buddhism teach transmigration? If it does, how does it work? Does the soul really transmigrate?
Such questions are frequently asked, and I will try briefly to answer them here.
The idea of transmigration is this: After death, the soul migrates from one body to another, celestial, human, animal, or vegetative.
In Buddhism, as it is popularly understood, what regulates transmigration is ethical retribution. Those who behave properly go to heaven, or to heavens, as there are many heavens according to Buddhist cosmology. Some may be reborn among their own races. Those, however, who have not conducted themselves according to moral precepts will be consigned after death to the underground worlds called Naraka.
There are some destined to be reborn as a dog or a cat or a hog or a cow or some other animal, according to deeds which can be characterized as pre-eminently in correspondence with those natures generally ascribed to those particular animals. For instance, the hog is popularly thought to be
greedy and filthy. Thus those of us who are especially inclined to be that way will be hogs in their next lives. Others who are rather smart or cunning or somewhat mischievous may be born as rats or monkeys or foxes. This reminds us of Swedenborg's doctrine of correspondence, according to which things on earth have corresponding things in heaven or hell.
Sometimes we are said to be born as plants or even rocks.
The interesting thing about this idea of transmigration as sometimes told by Buddhists is that we do not stay in heaven or hell forever. When our karma is exhausted, we come out of hell or come down from heaven. Even when we turn into cats or dogs, we do not repeat this kind of life all the time. We may be reborn as human beings again if we do something good while living as a lower animal, though it is highly doubtful that, for instance, the cat can be taught not to steal fish from the neighbors--which is what she does quite frequently in Japan--however well she, may be fed at home.
But so far nobody has advanced the method of calculating mathematically the strength of karma according to the character of each deed. Therefore, we can never tell how long our life in heaven or hell will be. In any case, we know this much: there is a time when we have to leave heaven or hell.
Buddhists are more concerned--which is natural--with Naraka (hells) than heavens. After death we generally go to Yama, who rules the spirits of the dead. He is known as Emma-sama in Japanese. He has a bright mirror before him. When we appear before him, we see ourselves reflected in it. It illuminates our entire being, and we cannot hide anything from it. Good and bad, all is reflected in it as it is. Emma-sama looks at it and knows at once what kind of person each of us was while living in the world. Besides this, he has a book
before him in which everything we did is minutely recorded. We are therefore before the Lord of Death exactly what we were, and there is no deceiving him. His judgment goes straight to the core of our personality. It never errs. His penetrating eye reads not only our consciousness but also our unconscious. He is naturally legalistic, but he is not devoid of kindheartedness, for he is always ready to discover in the unconscious something which may help the criminal to save himself.
The idea of transmigration has a certain appeal to the imaginative mind if one is not too critical or scientific--the idea that each motive, consciously conceived or unconsciously prompted, has its ethical value and is punishable or rewardable accordingly, and that the Lord of Death ruling the underworld makes no mistake in assigning us to places where we each belong. His mirror of judgment and his records never err in this respect. These ideas correspond to our sense of justice and compensation. Instead of all sinners being summarily consigned to everlasting fire when the Day of judgment comes, it is certainly more in accord with common sense and justice that each sin, judiciously weighed and evaluated, be given its particular due. This evaluation and consignment, when demonstrated in the doctrine of transmigration, takes on a poetic coloring.
Suppose I did something wrong or something not so very bad and were made to be reborn as a cat. I would live in this animal form for a while, perhaps eight or ten years, for the cat does not live very long. My sin is expiated, for probably I behaved properly as a cat from the human point of view. As
a reward, I am born again as a human being. Now, if I remembered this experience as a cat, would it not be highly interesting for me as a former cat to observe all that the mother cat now in my house does, playing with her kittens, sometimes bringing a lizard and even a little snake from the yard for the little ones to play with?
When not only the cat but all the other animals, and also plants and rocks, are looked upon from this point of view, that is, as possible forms of our reincarnation in the future as well as in the past, would not our interest in all those objects existing about us take quite a new turn and perhaps become a source of spiritual inspiration in some way?
For one thing, those forms surrounding us cease to be things altogether foreign to us. They are not strangers; they are not something hostile. On the contrary, they share our nature. We are ready to transform ourselves into their forms of existence, and they too can someday take human form when they are so conditioned. There is a mutual interest between us and them. There is a bond of sympathy and mutual understanding between human beings and the rest of the world.
Besides these considerations, the doctrine of transmigration affords us the chance of pilgrimaging throughout the whole universe, from the thirty-three heavens to the nineteen hells, including the other realms such as the tiryagyona (animal), preta (hungry ghost), and asura (fighting devils). While it is not at all pleasant to be fighting all the time, to be tortured in various ways, or to be eternally hungry, it is in accord with human nature to experience vicissitudes of existence and thereby to learn to read the meaning of life.
Nobody likes to be in hell and tortured. But because of this experience, we know how to appreciate heavenly pleasures
and how to be sympathetic with our fellow beings who happen to be in not so pleasant an environment.
Transmigration pictures us traveling through an infinite number of Kalpas as we go on individually experiencing life in its possible varieties. Evolution, however, delineates human existence as a whole as having gone through all these stages. This is the difference between science and religion: science deals with abstractions, whereas religion is individualistic and personal. So far, evolution has not taken account of ethical implications. It has treated the subject from the point of view of biology and psychology. In the rising development of the human race, the scientists have not given much significance to the ethical and spiritual factors; they have been primarily concerned with the way man has made use of his intelligence more than anything else in his so-called upward course of development.
Transmigration reviews man's existence entirely from the point of view of ethics and religion; it is hardly concerned with his intelligence. And this is the very point where transmigration interests us. The idea may not have anything deserving scientific investigation. But in spite of this, it perpetually attracts the attention of religious minded people.
Theoretically speaking, the idea of incarnation must have come first, then reincarnation, and finally transmigration. Something took the flesh, God or the word or the devil or the first principle or anything else, which had to express itself in a tangible and visible form so that we can talk of it as
something. Being made of the senses and intellect, we individualize, which means incarnation.
When incarnation is established, reincarnation is easy to follow; and when reincarnation is morally evaluated, we have transmigration. Transmigration then comes to be connected with the idea of punishment and reward.
There is another implication of transmigration, which is the idea of the moral perfectibility of human nature. Before Buddha attained Buddhahood he went through many an incarnation, and in each reincarnation he is said to have practiced the six or ten virtues of pāramitā, whereby in his last incarnation as a human being he became a perfect man, that is, Buddha.
As long as we have the idea of an infinite possibility of perfecting ourselves morally, we must find some way of carrying this idea through. Inasmuch as we cannot forever continue our individual existence as such, there must be another way of solving the problem, which is what we may call the eternally progressive conception of transmigration.
Besides this interpretation of the transmigration idea in its moral and punitive aspects, there is an enjoyable phase of it when we make it a matter of experience during our lifetime. When we scrutinize our daily experiences, we realize that we have here everything we could experience by going through an indefinitely long period of transmigration. Every shade of feeling we have while on earth finds its counterpart somewhere in the heavens or in the hells or in some intermediate realms of the preta, or asura or tiryagyona. For instance, when we, are angry, we are with the asura; when we are pleased, we
are transported into the heaven of joy, nirmanarataya; when we are restless, we have turned into the monkey; when we can imagine ourselves free from guilt, we bloom as the lotus or as the morning glory in the early summer dawn, and so on. The whole universe depicts itself in human consciousness. That is to say, our daily life is an epitome of an indefinitely long career of transmigration.
As far as I can see, the doctrine of transmigration does not seem to enjoy any scientific support. The first question we encounter is, "What is it that transmigrates?" We may answer, "It is the soul." "What, then, is the soul?" The soul cannot be conceived as an entity or an object like any other objects we see about us. It cannot be anything tangible or visible. If so, how does it manage to enter into a body? How does it get out of one body when this body decomposes and pass into another body? Where is this "other body" waiting for the liberated soul to enter? The body without the soul is inconceivable; we cannot imagine a soulless body in existence somewhere to receive the soul newly detached. If the soul can maintain itself without embodying itself, why do we not find bodyless souls wandering somewhere? Can a soul subsist without a body?
If the doctrine of transmigration is to be tenable, we must say that there is something that transmigrates; if there is something, what is it? If we cannot affirm it as an entity, what can it be? Can the questions enumerated above be satisfactorily answered? There are still other questions which must be answered before we can establish transmigration.
We can think of the soul not as an entity but as a principle. We can conceive of the soul as not entering into a body already in existence and ready to receive the soul, but as creating a body suitable for its own habitation. Instead of form or structure determining function, we can take function as determining form. In this case, the soul comes first and the body is constructed by it. This is really the Buddhist conception of transmigration.
Buddhist philosophy considers tṛiṣṇā or taṇhā, or "thirst," the first principle of making things come into existence. In the beginning there is tṛiṣṇā. It wills to have a form in order to express itself, which means to assert itself. In other words, when it asserts itself it takes form. As tṛiṣṇā is inexhaustible, the forms it takes are infinitely varied. Tṛiṣṇā wants to see and we have eyes; it wants to hear and we have ears; it wants to jump and we have the deer, the rabbit, and other animals of this order; it wants to fly and we have birds of all kinds; it wants to swim and we have fish wherever there are waters; it wants to bloom and we have flowers; it wants to shine and we have stars; it wants to have a realm of heavenly bodies and we have astronomy; and so on. Tṛiṣṇā is the creator of the universe.
Being the creator, tṛiṣṇā is the principle of individuation. It creates a world of infinite diversities. It will never exhaust itself. We as its highest and richest expression can have an insight into the nature of tṛiṣṇā and its working. When we really see into ourselves, tṛiṣṇā will bare itself before itself in us. As it is not an individualized object, self-inspection is the only way to approach it and make it reveal all its secrets. And
when we know them, perhaps we may also understand what transmigration really means.
When we see the lilies of the field and observe that they are more gloriously arrayed than Solomon in his day, is this not because in our tṛiṣṇā there is something participating in the tṛiṣṇā of the flower? Otherwise, we could never appreciate them. When we follow the fowls of the air and think of their being utterly free from care or worry, is this not because the pulse of our tṛiṣṇā beats in unison with the tṛiṣṇā of the fowls? If this were not the case, how could we ever come to the understanding of those creatures? Even when Nature is regarded as hostile, there must be something in it which calls out this feeling in us-which is to say, Nature partakes of (human) tṛiṣṇā.
The atom may be considered nothing but a cluster of electrically charged particles and having nothing in common with human tṛiṣṇā. But does it not respond to the appliances contrived by human minds and human hands? And is it not because of this response that we can read into the nature of the atom and even devise a weapon most destructive to us human beings? The atom certainly has its tṛiṣṇā, and it is this tṛiṣṇā that enables man to express it in a mathematical formula.
When I was discussing this subject the other day, one of the great thinkers now in America remarked, "Does this mean that there are in our consciousness all these tṛiṣṇā as its constituent elements?" This is perhaps the way most of our readers would like to interpret my presentation of tṛiṣṇā when I make it the basis of mutual understanding, as it were, between ourselves and Nature generally. But I must say that that is not
the way I conceive tṛiṣṇā. Tṛiṣṇā lies in us not as one of the factors constituting our consciousness, but it is our being itself. It is I; it is you; it is the cat; it is the tree; it is the rock; it is the snow; it is the atom.
Some may like to compare tṛiṣṇā with Schopenhauer's Will to live, but my idea of tṛiṣṇā is deeper than his Will. For the Will as he conceives it is already differentiated as the Will striving to live against death, against destruction. The Will implies a dualism. But tṛiṣṇā remains still dormant, as it were, as in the mind of God, for God has not yet moved to his work of creation. This moving is tṛiṣṇā. It is tṛiṣṇā that moves. It is tṛiṣṇā that made God give out his fiat, Let there be light." Tṛiṣṇā is what lies at the back of Schopenhauer's Will. Tṛiṣṇā is a more fundamental conception than the Will.
For Schopenhauer, the Will is blind; but tṛiṣṇā is neither blind nor not blind, for neither of them can yet be predicated of tṛiṣṇā. Tṛiṣṇā is not yet a what. It can be called the pure will In early Buddhism, tṛiṣṇā forms one of the links in the chain of "Dependent Origination," and it is demanded of us to get rid of it in order that we may be freed from grief and fear. But early Buddhists were not logical enough to push the idea of tṛiṣṇā far enough to its very source. Their effort to deliver themselves from tṛiṣṇā's so-called leading to grief, fear, and so on, was also the working of tṛiṣṇā itself. As long as we are human beings, we can never do away with tṛiṣṇā, or, as they say, destroy it. The destruction of tṛiṣṇā will surely mean the annihilation of ourselves, leaving no one who will be the enjoyer of the outcome. Tṛiṣṇā is indeed the basis of all existence. Tṛiṣṇā is existence. Tṛiṣṇā is even before existence.
Later Buddhists realized this truth and made tṛiṣṇā the foundation of their new system of teaching with its doctrines of the Bodhisattva, universal salvation, Amitābha's "vow" (praṇidhāna), the pariṇāmanā ("turning over of merit"), and so on. These are all the outgrowth of tṛiṣṇā. When a Zen master was asked, "How could one get away with tṛiṣṇā?" he answered, "What is the use of getting away with it?" He further said, "Buddha is Buddha because of it," or, "Buddha is tṛiṣṇā." In fact, the whole life of Śākyamuni illustrates this.
Coming back to the transmigration phase of the tṛiṣṇā doctrine, I should like to assert again that this tṛiṣṇā as it expresses itself is essentially the same in any form it may take. (We cannot think of it in any other way.) The human tṛiṣṇā as we feel it inwardly must be that of the cat, or the dog, or the crow, or the snake. When a cat runs after a rat, when a snake devours a frog, when a dog jumps up furiously barking at a squirrel in the tree, when a pig goes around groveling in the mud, when the fish swims about contentedly in the pond, when the waves rage angrily on a stormy ocean, do we not feel here our own tṛiṣṇā expressing some of its infinitely variable modes? The stars are shining brightly, wistfully twinkling in a clear autumnal night; the lotus flowers bloom in the early summer morning even before the sun rises; when the spring comes, all the dead trees vie with one another to shoot out their fresh green leaves, waking up from a long winter sleep-do we not see here also some of our human tṛiṣṇā asserting itself?
I do not know whether ultimate reality is one or two or three or many more, but I feel that one tṛiṣṇā, infinitely diversified
and diversifiable, expresses itself making up this world of ours. As tṛiṣṇā is subject to infinite diversifications, it can take infinitely variable forms. It is tṛiṣṇā, therefore, that determines form and structure. This is what is given to our consciousness, and our consciousness is the last word, we cannot go any further.
Viewing the idea of transmigration from this standpoint, is it not interesting to realize that we are practicing this transmigration in every moment of our lives, instead of going through it after death and waiting for many a Kalpa to elapse?
I do not know whether transmigration can be proved or maintained on the scientific level, but I know that it is an inspiring theory and full of poetic suggestions, and I am satisfied with this interpretation and do not seem to have any desire to go beyond it. To me, the idea of transmigration has a personal appeal, and as to its scientific and philosophical implications, I leave it to the study of the reader.
It may not be amiss here to add a word regarding the difference of attitude between the earlier and the later Buddhists toward the doctrine of transmigration and tṛiṣṇā. As we have already seen, the earlier Buddhist treatment of the subject is always negative, for it tends to emphasize the aspect of liberation or emancipation. The later Buddhists, however, have turned against this and strongly insist on tṛiṣṇā as being most fundamental and primary and needed for the general welfare not only of mankind but of all other beings making up the entire world. They would declare that tṛiṣṇā works in the wrong way when it chooses bad associates; that is, when it combines itself with the relative or psychological self, relying on the latter
as the ultimate reality and as the controlling principle of life. Tṛiṣṇā then turns into the most ungovernable and insatiable upholder of power. What the earlier Buddhists wanted to conquer was this kind of tṛiṣṇā, swerved from its primal nature and becoming the thrall. of egotistic impulses. Indeed, they wished, instead of conquering it, to escape from this state of thralldom. This made them negativists and escapists.
The later Buddhists realized that tṛiṣṇā was what constituted human nature--in fact, everything and anything that at all comes into existence--and that to deny tṛiṣṇā was committing suicide; to escape from tṛiṣṇā was the height of contradiction or a deed of absolute impossibility; and that the very thing that makes us wish to deny or to escape from tṛiṣṇā was tṛiṣṇā itself. Therefore, all that we could do for ourselves, or rather all that tṛiṣṇā could do for itself, was to make it turn to itself, to purify itself from all its encumbrances and defilements, by means of transcendental knowledge (prajñā). The later Buddhists then let tṛiṣṇā work on in its own way without being impeded by anything else. Tṛiṣṇā or "thirst" or "craving" then comes to be known as mahākaruṇā, or "absolute compassion," which they consider the essence of Buddhahood and Bodhisattvahood.
This tṛiṣṇā emancipated from all its encumbrances incarnates itself in every possible form in order to achieve a universal salvation of all beings, both sentient and non-sentient. Therefore, when Buddha declares that he is "all-conquering, all-knowing" he means that he has tṛiṣṇā in its purity. For when tṛiṣṇā comes back to itself, it is all-conqueror and all-knower, and also all-loving. It is this love or karuṇā or maitrī that makes the Buddha or Bodhisattva abandon his eternally entering into a state of emptiness (śūnyatā) and subjects himself
to transmigrate through the triple world. But in this case it is better not to call it transmigration but incarnation. For he assumes all kinds of form on his own account, that is, voluntarily, in order to achieve a universal salvation. He is then not any more a passive sufferer of karmic causation. He is the "tent-designer" (gahakāraka) himself. 1
128:1 The Dhammapada, verses 151-2.
O duchovnu
Bytosti a lidé
Mystika a mystéria
Léčení
info@mystika.cz
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Media Highlights on LDF’s Celebration of Attorney General Holder’s Tenure
Media Highlights on LDF’s Celebration of ...
New York Times: “Eric Holder Resigns, Setting Up Fight Over Successor” Sherrilyn A. Ifill, the president of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund Inc., said of Mr. Holder, “In the field of civil rights, there are few who could even claim to rival this attorney general’s dedication, strategic focus and commitment.”
New York Times: “A Champion of Civil Rights, if Not of Civil Liberties, Just Like His Hero” Sherrilyn Ifill, the president of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, said that in that area, Mr. Holder’s legacy was secure. “On the issue of civil rights, he has been the most engaged and extraordinary attorney general,” she said”
Politico: “Eric Holder’s real legacy”
“In the field of civil rights there are few who could even claim to rival this Attorney General’s dedication, strategic focus and commitment,” said Sherrilyn Ifill, president and director-counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.
Christian Science Monitor: “For Eric Holder, a broad legacy ranging from race to terror”“When Attorney General Holder took the helm of the Department of Justice in 2009, he vowed to make the civil rights division the department’s ‘crown jewel,’ and he has more than fulfilled that mission,” Sherrilyn Ifill, president of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, said in a statement.
“When the history of his tenure is written, Eric Holder will ultimately be recognized as one of the finest attorneys general this country has ever known,” she said.
National Law Journal: “Eric Holder to Announce Resignation, Officials Say”
“He could do anything. He could lead a foundation. He could lead a think tank,” said Sherrilyn Ifill, president of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. “He could lead boards of various organizations. He could take some time off and write an amazing book.”
Ifill declined to comment whether she has discussed with Holder a position at the Legal Defense Fund, one of the most prominent civil rights litigation groups in the country. Holder this year delivered the keynote address at the LDF’s 60th anniversary of the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. When she last spoke with Holder, 10 days ago, Ifill said he didn’t indicate he had planned his resignation.
MSNBC.com: “America’s first black attorney general: Eric Holder’s legacy”
“When the history of his tenure is written, Eric Holder will ultimately be recognized as one of the finest attorneys general this country has ever known,” Sherrilyn A. Ifill, president of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund said shortly after news of Holder’s resignation was announced. “In the field of civil rights there are few who could even claim to rival this attorney general’s dedication, strategic focus and commitment.”
Ifill called Holder’s vision for the civil rights division of the Department of Justice “one of restoration and transformation, from his leadership on voting rights, to legal services for the poor, to criminal justice reforms and, in recent weeks, to his forceful response to the tragic events in Ferguson.”
MSNBC’s Politics Nation with Al Sharpton: http://www.msnbc.com/politicsnation/watch/measuring-eric-holders-legacy-333631043688
Democracy Now: Eric Holder’s Complex Legacy: Voting Rights Advocate, Enemy of Press Freedom, Friend of Wall Street”
MSNBC’s The Reid Report:http://www.msnbc.com/the-reid-report/watch/holder-says-things–obama-can-t-say-at-times–333513795743
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Mexico reveals webs of corruption in contracts, trafficking
MEXICO CITY (AP) — Mexico’s top financial investigator on Friday reported on the webs of corruption and money laundering that thieves, traffickers and political figures have used to hide their wealth.
Santiago Nieto, the head of Mexico’s Financial Intelligence Unit, said a federal judge took bribes to rule in favor of the violent Jalisco cartel, and then used a lawyer’s office to buy vehicles and send as much as $2 million to the United States.
Another gang stole fuel from government pipelines and set up trucking companies to use the diesel and launder profits from sales of fuel to third parties.
Nieto revealed that a sex ring trafficked as many as 2,000 South American women into prostitution in Mexico over the course of a decade. They used front companies and web sites to charge for their services and distribute profits.
He said there were over $100 million in suspicious deposits and transfers to accounts linked to he former head of the country’s state-owned oil company.
Nieto said government money was channeled into a web of companies that sent about $2 million, and perhaps much more, to relatives of the country’s former top security official.
That official, former Public Safety Secretary Genaro Garcia Luna, is being held pending trial in the United States for allegedly taking bribes from the Sinaloa drug cartel.
Nieto said a web of companies got tens of millions in Mexican government contracts for security software, and later channeled some of the money through Panama to Garcia Luna, who lived in Miami, Florida after leaving public service in 2012.
Garcia Luna, 51, was indicted on three counts of cocaine trafficking conspiracy and a false statements charge in New York. He waived his right to a detention hearing in Dallas a week after the federal case against him was made public in New York City.
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Simply irresistible: Be smart, powerful and hireable
Life 8 October 2014
By Sonia Van Gilder Cooke
Employers can’t resist a strong, firm handshake
(Image: Sam Falconer)
YOU’VE rewritten your cover letter 20 times, Googled your interviewers and spent 2 hours polishing your shoes. Who could blame you for thinking you’ve given yourself a decent shot at landing a job? Unfortunately, there’s more to it than that. Your chances could be dashed by anything from the timbre of your voice to the colour of your outfit.
We are all prone to unconscious biases – the unfounded judgements that people make without even being aware they are doing so. When it comes to the job market, this makes for a formidable challenge. If you’re a handsome man and can afford a bespoke suit, for example, you may have an edge over the competition in an interview. But attractive women who wear skirts just above the knee could be at a disadvantage.
Yes, it’s arbitrary and unfair. But don’t worry, social psychology is here to help. You don’t need to be rich, beautiful or lucky to overcome the application odds. You just need a bit of science on your side.
In an ideal world, your name – the first thing a potential employer learns about you – would have no effect on your chances of being hired. In the real world, however, it isn’t easy for people to shed the assumptions that come with a moniker. Just ask Christophe Rocancourt, a French man who conned a fortune out of wealthy US socialites in the early noughties by adopting the name of the Rockefeller banking dynasty. With a name like that, many people didn’t bother to ask too many questions.
Name bias in the job market can present a problem, especially for women and people in minority groups. In a well-known study published in 2012, Jo Handelsman and her colleagues at Yale University found that both male and female science faculty members at research-intensive US universities would rather hire a lab manager called John than one called Jennifer. The faculty members assumed John would be more competent, even though on paper he was no more qualified than Jennifer was. He was also offered a higher starting salary and better mentoring opportunities.
People from ethnic minorities face similar hurdles. A 2011 study of German employers, for example, found that candidates with German-sounding names were 14 per cent more likely to be contacted about a student internship than those with Turkish-sounding names. In a similar study in Sweden, researchers found that employers called back fictional applicants with Swedish-sounding names 50 per cent more often than they did those with Middle Eastern-sounding names.
It’s unsettling stuff, to be sure. But there are ways to tip the scales in your favour. The team behind the German study found that applicants could wipe out discrimination against them by including positive reference letters. It also seems that discrimination is less likely in highly skilled occupations, competitive labour markets and larger firms, which is good news for science graduates.
Some companies are taking action against these unconscious biases. In May, the Bank of Queensland in Australia introduced anonymous applications for all senior management positions, in which women are typically underrepresented. Anyone who applies for one of these roles will have their name, age, gender and address removed from their application before it is considered.
The bank hasn’t yet had a role to fill at that level, but recruiters feel confident that when the time comes, the policy will help the organisation reach gender equality. “All you are really trying to do is take as much of the unconscious bias out of the process as you can,” says Ian Doyle, general manager of human resources for the Bank of Queensland.
The bank isn’t alone in implementing fair recruitment policies to diversify its workforce. To find out which firms are doing well each year, turn to The Times for its list of the top 50 employers for women, or DiversityInc, which lists the top 50 companies for diversity in the US, many of which are multinationals.
If you want to find out whether or not a company cares about diversity, take a look at its website, says Sandra Kerr, director of charity Race for Opportunity. Look out for images of people from a range of ethnic backgrounds, and an explicit statement that the company encourages diversity. “That will give you an idea of their level of consciousness of this issue,” says Kerr.
You may be able to gain a slight advantage by tinkering with the way you write your name. People who include their middle initials are perceived as smarter, say psychologists Wijnand A. P. van Tilburg at the University of Southampton and Eric R. Igou at the University of Limerick in Ireland. That’s because we tend to associate names written with middle initials with formal contexts in intellectual domains, such as on legal documents or medical notes. “People see the middle initials and infer that the person must have high social status in this particular domain, and therefore that the quality of the product must be particularly good,” says Tilburg.
The effect only seems to work with intellectual jobs, and doesn’t work for athletes, for example. It can also backfire for those without many qualifications to their name. “One of the possibilities is that people are perceived to be pretentious,” says Tilburg.
An attractive offer
Let’s say your application has overcome the employer’s unconscious biases and you have secured an interview. Now is your chance to be judged on your skills, experience and personality, right? Sadly not. People tend to make pretty much instantaneous judgements about people based solely on their looks.
We have all thought that life seems easier for the beautiful among us. The phenomenon is partly down to what’s known as the “what is beautiful is good” stereotype. As a result, we project all sorts of wonderful traits on to pretty people, blinded to the fact that they may be no better than anyone else.
But those of us not blessed with supermodel looks can consider this little slice of scientific schadenfreude: being too attractive can work against job applicants.
Earlier this year, Ze’ev Shtudiner of Ariel University in Israel and Bradley Ruffle of Wilfrid Laurier University in Ontario, Canada, sent out 5312 fictional CVs in pairs to 2656 real job openings, across 10 fields including finance, engineering, computer programming and sales. One of each pair of identical CVs had a photograph of either an attractive or plain male or female applicant, while the other had no photograph.
The team’s fictional handsome men received 50 per cent more callbacks than men who didn’t include a picture, and twice as many as plain-looking male applicants. “They have a beauty premium,” says Shtudiner. Not so for women. Applications from women who didn’t include a photograph were most likely to be picked up by recruiters, and plain-looking women were favoured over attractive women.
Shtudiner thinks that recruiting teams at company human resources departments, which are largely female, may be jealous of attractive women. Unless you happen to be a particularly attractive man, it might be best to avoid attaching a photograph to your application.
But it’s not just your looks that sway an interviewer. When Dennis Reynolds of Washington State University and his colleagues asked fellow faculty members and professionals in the hospitality industry to rank photographs of job applicants, the team found that attire and grooming were much more important than beauty when it came to giving a good impression. It’s worth putting the effort in – your devastating good looks won’t make up for your wrinkled shirt.
Getting your clothing right doesn’t just mean pulling out the ironing board, however. A 5-second glance at a photograph is enough for people to judge a man’s personality based on the quality of his suit. Men wearing made-to-measure suits are seen as significantly more confident, successful, high-earning and flexible than those wearing an off-the-rack suit made from the same fabric, says Ben Fletcher, who investigated the phenomenon with his colleagues at the University of Hertfordshire. Those who can’t afford tailored suits should at least ensure theirs fits them.
In a separate study, submitted for publication, Fletcher’s team found that women being assessed by other women for management positions were regarded as less employable and confident if they wore a skirt slightly above the knee and unbuttoned an extra button on their blouses, even if the suit was very conservative. “I’m afraid that the people selecting you are biased – they are being misled by things that they should not reasonably be misled by,” Fletcher says.
What else goes on the blacklist? Try visible tattoos, piercings and the colour red. Wearing a red tie to an interview has been shown to lower employers’ rating of a man’s leadership ability and earning potential, while several studies have shown that tattoos and body piercings are generally frowned upon. There is even debate in the female African American community as to whether a natural rather than straightened hairdo can prevent a candidate from landing a job.
Employers really should do better. The good news is that an increasing number of companies are offering training programmes in diversity and unconscious bias. In the meantime you might want to try looking the part. You can always let your hair down once you’ve got the job.
Have them at hello
In the time it takes you to say “hello”, the person you’ve greeted will have already decided what kind of person you are. As unfair as it sounds, it takes less than a second for someone to assess how trustworthy, competent, likeable and attractive you are based on your voice alone. That’s according to a study published earlier this year by Philip McAleer and his colleagues at the University of Glasgow.
Generally, lower-pitched voices are judged as belonging to people suitable for leadership roles. But women who deepen their voices can face penalties. The common practice of “vocal fry”, which involves dropping your voice to a gravelly pitch – think Zooey Deschanel – isn’t received well by either sex.
Rindy Anderson at Duke University in North Carolina and her colleagues recorded seven men and seven women aged between 19 and 30 saying a phrase with and without vocal fry, which was then listened to and rated by 800 people. The team found that the statements made with vocal fry were less popular than those spoken in a typical pitch.
“You’re not doing yourself any favours by using vocal fry,” Anderson says. “Whether you’re asking about attractiveness, education, competence, trustworthiness or hireability, vocal fry is perceived negatively relative to the normal voice.”
Women who used vocal fry were judged more harshly than men who used it. “We like voice qualities that are middle of the road and sex typical,” says Anderson. If you’re going to lower your voice, don’t take it too far.
A winning handshake
Whether it’s firm, cautious, limp or sweaty, a handshake can make a powerful first impression.
As you might expect, strong handshakes tend to be given by expressive extroverts, while shy people are more likely to offer a limp grasp. That’s what William Chapman and his colleagues at the University of Alabama found when they evaluated the handshakes of 112 students after asking them to complete a personality test.
That might explain why employers prefer the firm shake. Greg Stewart’s team at the University of Iowa found that employers rated students with a firm handshake as more employable.
It pays to go in for a strong shake, says Stewart, especially for women, who can gain a significant advantage from it in an interview situation. A firm handshake provides an easy way to exhibit confidence and stand out from the pack, he says.
Time it right
If a potential employer asks you when you can come in for an interview, it might be best to schedule it for the start of the working day, or just after lunch. That’s when people tend to be in better moods and make more favourable judgements. This has been known to influence parole requests – judges grant 65 per cent of the requests they hear just after their morning and lunchtime breaks. As the day wears on, and judges get increasingly hungry and tired, the number of requests they grant dwindles.
There’s another reason to opt for an interview early in the day. People, including recruiters, tend to use “narrow bracketing” when making decisions – when faced with multiple decisions, we tend to deal with each in a smaller subset, without paying attention to the bigger picture. As a result, recruiters tend to rate candidates by comparing them with the other candidates they see over the course of a day, rather than over the weeks they spend interviewing all candidates.
Uri Simonsohn of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, and Francesca Gino of Harvard Business School explored the phenomenon by analysing 10 years’ worth of applications to MBA courses at US business schools. The pair found that, later in the day, interviewers tend to “balance things off” – if they have already seen strong candidates, they are less likely to rate the remaining interviewees favourably. If you’re up against stiff competition, consider a morning interview.
However, an afternoon slot might benefit you if you feel confident in your abilities. “If in the morning they saw weak candidates, they give stronger evaluations in the afternoon,” says Simonsohn.
Overcoming an employer’s subconscious biases will always be a challenge, but you can boost your chances by priming your own subconscious.
You could, for example, try some power posing. Try standing with your hands on your hips, your chest out and your legs wide apart for 2 minutes. How do you feel?
Social psychologist Amy Cuddy found that job candidates who adopted this pose before a mock interview were rated by judges as being more captivating and engaging.
People who adopt other types of power poses – such as leaning back in an office chair, feet on the table, with their hands behind their head – experience a boost in their testosterone levels and a drop in levels of the stress hormone cortisol. That might explain why power poses help us feel powerful and more willing to take risks, says Cuddy.
More on these topics:
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Male athletes with higher world rankings are better looking
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New Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease are on the Horizon
Gary Tong, MD, PhD, US Therapeutic Area Head, Dementia, Lundbeck
The brain is the last great frontier in science, and its complexity poses unique challenges for researchers. But the need for breakthrough discoveries has never been more urgent.
In the U.S. alone, nearly 100 million people are affected by neurological disorders — that works out to about one in three Americans. That high incidence of neurological disorders comes with a high price tag: nearly $800 billion per year to treat the enormous patient population affected by the most common neurological diseases.
As a neurologist and biomedical researcher focused on Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, I’ve seen the increasing toll of these disorders firsthand. Over the past 20 years, we have made incredible advances in our understanding of Alzheimer’s, but we also have experienced discouraging setbacks, with the failure of many treatments in clinical trial. And we face a growing wave of millions of new cases each year.
In Illinois alone, we have an estimated 220,000 people, ages 65 and older, who have Alzheimer’s. That number is projected to increase by more than 18 percent by 2025.
It’s been 14 years since the last new drug for Alzheimer’s disease was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The outlook may seem bleak — especially if you or a loved one are living with the disease.
But where many are dismayed, I am hopeful. I see marked progress in the last several years — advances that occur faster and in greater frequency. It wasn’t that long ago that a cancer diagnosis was considered a death sentence. Today, we herald incredible new immunotherapy treatments that are providing lifesaving, cancer-killing cures to patients without any other option available.
We are in a new era of medicine today, where advancements and groundbreaking research are driving new treatments and cures for everything from cancer and hepatitis C to rare diseases, diabetes and heart disease.
When it comes to Alzheimer’s, there is a robust pipeline, driven by the tireless efforts of researchers and scientists around the world. My colleagues and I are determined to wield all that we continue to learn about the brain and the neurological system to bring new medicines to market for patients.
The proof is right there in the numbers: A new report shows 537 medicines in development for neurological disorders. There are more than 92 medicines in development for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia alone. And those numbers are matched with robust financial support: Congress recently appropriated an additional $414 million in funding for Alzheimer’s and dementia research. The Gates Foundation is dedicating $100 million for private-public partnerships in research, as well.
We have made great strides over the 20 years I have been practicing medicine, and I believe the next 20 years will be ones of great accomplishment with new and more personalized medicines for the millions affected by Alzheimer’s.
At Lundbeck, we are attacking Alzheimer’s disease from several fronts. In our late-stage pipeline, we have symptomatic treatments — therapies that may offer benefits for patients who are in the advanced stages of Alzheimer’s. In our earlier-stage pipeline, we are exploring disease-modifying treatments that aim to slow the progression of the disease.
I’m also proud to be participating in important conversations about a new Alzheimer’s research framework. This will help researchers identify the disease in its earliest, pre-symptomatic stage so we can intervene with treatments that, hopefully, will slow or stop the progression of Alzheimer’s.
Progress is, indeed, being made, and I am confident the discoveries on the horizon will enable us to conquer this last, challenging frontier of science and the human body.
This article first appeared on Morning Consult.
Brain disorder research
Some Alzheimer's News to Celebrate: 2018 Brain Prize Winners
By Doug Williamson, MD
The Lundbeck Foundation’s 2018 Brain Prize was awarded to four pioneers in the battle against Alzheimer’s. Dr. Doug Williamson, Chief Medical Officer & VP US Medical, shares how Lundbeck is building on the breakthroughs of the winners and attacking Alzheimer’s disease from a variety of angles.
Lundbeck Foundation
Infographic: Guide to Alzheimer's Fundamentals, from A to Z
Despite afflicting more than 5 million Americans, Alzheimer’s disease remains a mystery to many. This infographic details the fundamentals of Alzheimer’s disease - from A to Z - its causes, symptoms, stages and the various approaches researchers are taking to tackle it.
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Home » Collection » The Emperor Hadrian
Ludovico Lombardo
The Emperor Hadrian, c. 1550
overall: 72.7 x 63.8 x 41.1 cm (28 5/8 x 25 1/8 x 16 3/16 in.)
Gift of Stanley Mortimer
Ludovico Lombardo (artist) Venetian, 1507/1508 - 1575
Open Access image.
Stanley Mortimer [1897-1984], New York, and Litchfield, Connecticut;[1] gift 1948 to NGA.
[1] Stanley Mortimer probably inherited the sculpture from his father, also Stanley Mortimer, who was a portrait painter and who in the 1890s built a sixty-room English Tudor manor house on his estate on Long Island and filled it with Renaissance art. (See Steven M.L. Aronson, "A Life in the Country: Patrician bohemians Barbara and Stanley Mortimer look back on a charmed circle of family and friends," House and Garden [April 1984]: 165-171, 230, 232.)
Mortimer, Stanley
Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 161, as Bust of a Roman Emperor (Hadrian).
European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1968: 142, repro., as Bust of a Roman Emperor (Hadrian).
Aronson, Steven M. L. "A Life in the Country." House and Garden (1984): 230.
Sculpture: An Illustrated Catalogue. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1994: 138, repro.
Marani, Pietro C. "The Hammer Lecture (1994): Trivoli, Hadrian and Antinous, New Evidence of Leonardo's Relation to the Antique." Achademia Leonardi Vinci 8 (1995): 217, repro.
Boström, Antonia. "Ludovico Lombardo and the Taste for the all'Antica Bust in Mid-Sixteenth-Century Florence and Rome." Large Bronzes in the Renaissance. Peta Motture, ed. Studies in the History of Art 64, Symposium Papers 41 (2003): repro. 154, 165, 166 fig. 13, 178 nn. 65 and 69.
Luchs, Alison. "Lombardo Family." In The Encyclopedia of Sculpture, Antonia Boström, ed. 3 vols. New York and London, 2004: 2:972.
Avery, Victoria. "The Production, Display and Reception of Bronze Heads and Busts in Renaissance Venice and Padua: Surrogate Antiques." In Jeanette Kohl and Rebecca Müller, eds. Kopf/Bild: Die Büste in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit. Berlin, 2007: 82.
Bacchi, Andrea and Luciana Giacomelli, eds Rinascimento e passione per l'antico: Andrea Riccio e il suo tempo. Exh. cat. Castello di Buonconsiglio. Trento, 2008: 528.
Penny, Nicholas. "The Evolution of the Plinth, Pedestal, and Socle." In Collecting Sculpture in Early Modern Europe. Nicholas Penny and Eike D. Schmidt, eds. Studies in the History of Art 70, Symposium Papers 47 (2008): 467, 469, fig. 15.
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Home » Opportunities » Internships and Fellowships » Curatorial Fellowships » Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Curatorial Fellowship
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Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Curatorial Fellowship
The National Gallery of Art is pleased to announce a postdoctoral curatorial fellowship for 2017-2019, funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. This is a two-year fellowship with the possibility of renewal for a third year. The fellowship provides curatorial training and supports scholarly research related to the collections of the National Gallery of Art. The fellow is fully integrated into a specific curatorial department with duties, privileges, and status equivalent to those of an assistant curator. Time is divided between specific projects and general curatorial work within the department, which includes research on the collection and new acquisitions, work on the presentation of the collection, participation in aspects of special exhibition projects, and opportunities to give public lectures. The fellow will plan and complete a project in consultation with his/her supervising curator.
Consideration is given to candidates working in fields represented by the Gallery's permanent collections of European and American art. Placements are available in the departments of Dutch and Flemish painting, nineteenth and twentieth century painting, modern and contemporary art, and photographs. The doctoral degree in art history (or the equivalent in countries outside the United States) must be or have been officially conferred within three years of the start date of the fellowship. Applicants from all backgrounds are encouraged to apply. This is an international program.
Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Curatorial Fellow works full-time and may begin his/her term at a mutually agreed upon date. The stipend is approximately $54,000 per year. The fellow is eligible to receive health benefits and public transit subsidies. This is a two-year fellowship that carries the option of renewal for one additional year at the Gallery's discretion.
Complete application packets must include:
Six copies of a cover letter that addresses the candidate's interest in the fellowship. It should include the applicant's home address, phone number, and, if available, e-mail address and/or fax number.
Six copies of a statement (not to exceed three double-spaced typed pages) describing the applicant's past and future areas of research and their relationship to the museum's collections and activities
Six copies of a published paper or other writing sample.
Six copies of a complete curriculum vitae of education, employment, honors, awards, and publications.
Three letters of recommendation (academic and professional), which should be sent directly to the National Gallery of Art at the address listed below.
Complete application packets must be received by January 12, 2015. Applications received after that date will not be considered.
All applications will be reviewed by a selection committee composed of Gallery staff and an outside specialist. Finalists will be notified and invited to Washington for interviews.
All qualified applicants will receive consideration for an internship, fellowship, or research assistantship without regard to race, color, sex, age, national origin, religion, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation, marital status, citizenship, or any other protected status. The National Gallery of Art offers equal opportunity and treatment to all who apply and is committed to diversity.
Department of Academic Programs
2000B South Club Drive
For additional information about National Gallery of Art internships and curatorial fellowships, please contact the department of academic programs by telephone at (202) 842-6257 or e-mail [email protected]
Department of Gallery and Studio Learning
Please do not contact Gallery curators or other department heads directly regarding possible placement or projects.
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Dr Peter Ka Hung Chan
kahung.chan@ndph.ox.ac.uk
Early Career Research Fellow
Peter is an Early Career Research Fellow in the Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU). His research is based on the China Kadoorie Biobank and focuses on the understanding of the effects of environmental exposures (particularly air pollution and smoking) on major chronic diseases. He is particularly interested in integrating multi-dimensional data (e.g. wearable devices, OMICs) to assess the health impact of environmental exposures more accurately and comprehensively.
Before joining CTSU, Peter has received training in epidemiology, having obtained an MSc in Global Health Science and a DPhil in Population Health, both from the Nuffield Department of Population Health. He had also studied public health at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Johns Hopkins Blomberg School of Public Health, and Copenhagen School of Global Health.
Regional and seasonal variations in household and personal exposures to air pollution in one urban and two rural Chinese communities: A pilot study to collect time-resolved data using static and wearable devices.
Chan KH. et al, (2020), Environ Int, 146
The effects of air pollution upon public health
CHAN KH. et al, (2020), Environmental Pollutant Exposures and Public Health
Monitoring respiratory infections in covid-19 epidemics.
Chan KH. et al, (2020), BMJ, 369
OUP accepted manuscript
CHAN KH. and Yuen K-Y., (2020), International Journal Of Epidemiology
Solid fuels for cooking and tobacco use and risk of major chronic liver disease mortality: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults.
Chan KH. et al, (2020), Int J Epidemiol, 49, 45 - 55
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Government ends Australia Network tender over allegations of leaks
THE ABC has been granted another year of a multi-million dollar broadcasting contract without it going to tender.
By Mark Kenny
The AdvertiserNovember 8, 20111:36am
THE ABC has been granted another year of a multi-million dollar broadcasting contract without the Federal Government going to tender.
It comes amid complaints of leaks and impropriety in its own tender assessment process, The Advertiser reported.
The announcement by the Communications Minister Stephen Conroy was itself leaked to Fairfax media, raising questions of due process, even within the top echelons of Government.
In a free kick for the national broadcaster, Senator Conroy last night scrapped an already drawn-out tender process for the 10-year $223 million Australia Network, claiming that leaks to media about the respective bids had rendered it unsound.
The two bidders to provide the service, seen as an instrument of foreign policy and a marketing arm of the country internationally, were the ABC, which currently holds the contract, and Sky News, in which News Limited, publisher of The Advertiser, holds a stake.
It had been reported that the independent panel assessing the bids had favoured the Sky proposal amid suggestions this was not favoured by the Government.
In scrapping the process, Senator Conroy, said he was acting on advice from the Australian Government Solicitor who had advised that the "process has been compromised to such a degree that a fair and equitable outcome may no longer be able to be achieved".
"As a result, the Government has taken the decision that it is in the best interests of both tender parties, and the Government, that the process be terminated," he said in a release issued after business hours.
"The Government has asked the Australian Federal Police to investigate the leaks ... (and) is extremely disappointed that such leaks have occurred and that the process has been compromised."
He said the plan now was to have the Cabinet itself decide "on the long term arrangements for the operation" of the service by April next year.
The decision effectively hands the ABC a year-long extension of its contract justified solely on faults in the Government's own process.
In a further irony, Fairfax newspapers reported Minister Conroy's decision to junk the process even before his press release was issued, suggesting that leaks from the Government extend well beyond a flawed tender process for the Australia Network.
Originally published asLeaks end Australia Network tender process
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Federal employees union says Trump administration stripping away workers’ rights
by: Trevor Shirley
WASHINGTON, D.C. (NEXSTAR) — The largest union of federal government employees said it is under attack by the Trump administration.
Hundreds gathered to rally in Washington Tuesday, saying their right to a fair and safe workplace is at risk, and that federal workers across the country could suffer.
“The Trump administration is assaulting our collective bargaining rights,” said J. David Cox, president of the American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE).
Cox said those rights are protected by laws.
“This president is choosing to ignore them and change them through executive orders,” he said.
Union leaders said the president also wants to strip them of other rights, like having a union representative at each worksite, and the right to file grievances over wrongful termination.
“People are refusing to settle for less,” said Richard Trumpka, president of the AFL-CIO. “We’re demanding a fair shot and a fair shake.”
Any changes by the administration could impact around 700,000 federal employees represented by the union.
The Department of Labor refused a request for comment for this story.
“This betrayal of workers by this president is, I’ve never seen anything like it,” said Ohio Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH).
Brown worries about the number of people in his state who would feel the impact of any changes.
“It’s workers’ turn finally to get compensated in the way that you’ve earned,” he said.
AFGE is currently suing the administration over several of its executive actions.
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Sparta BOE approves budget; taxes to rise 2.67%
SPARTA — The Board of Education has approved a $68.5 million budget that will raise the school portion of residents' taxes for the 2020-21 school year by 2.67%.
The budget, which the board voted 8-1 to approve during a remotely held meeting Wednesday, was amended just prior to the vote to include the appropriation of an additional $200,000 for a proposed new playground at the Mohawk Avenue School, which the district's third-graders attend.
The approved budget represents about a $500,000 reduction from last year's budgeted amount but will nonetheless raise the local tax levy by $545,000 over last year's amount, in part to make up for another state aid cut of at least $166,000 heading into the new school year as well as to pay for other programs and expenses.
Among the included items are the addition of at least two new kindergarten aides at the Alpine Elementary School, which Superintendent Michael Rossi said could be increased to as many as six if needed to assist kindergartners with the wearing of face masks, gloves or other personal protective equipment that public health authorities could mandate prior to the reopening of schools in September as the coronavirus emergency winds down.
Other plans call for purchasing district-wide security cameras, science materials, and a utility truck as well as leasing an additional school bus, and offering occupational and behavioral therapy services to the general student population. The district also will increase a special education teacher from half-time to full-time and add an instructional interventionist at the Helen Morgan School; add a health teacher at Sparta Middle School; and add a nurse and interscholastic sports in gymnastics and boys' volleyball and replace the auditorium sound system at Sparta High School.
For the average township home currently assessed at $369,900, property taxes will increase by an estimated $149, according to Business Administrator Pamela Hinman.
The overall tax increase calls for raising an additional $388,000 in so-called “banked cap” money in excess of the state's 2% cap on tax levy increases. The term "banked cap" refers to money the district could have taxed in the prior three years but didn't because it stayed under the cap.
Immediately prior to holding Wednesday's budget hearing, the board swore in its newest member in the person of Mount Olive Schools Superintendent Robert Zywicki, a Sparta resident who was appointed temporarily to the seat left vacant by the April resignation of Karen Scott and who could choose to run in the fall for the remainder of her term, which expires at the end of 2021.
Zywicki wasted no time wading into his first bit of controversy as he questioned Rossi about why architect Greg Somjen — who informed the board Wednesday night that, because of drainage issues, the proposed Mohawk Avenue School playground could end up costing more than the estimated $200,000 — was not consulted on the matter months earlier so the board could better prepare.
"Budgeting usually begins in November," Zywicki said. "I've never seen a quote come through on the day of a public hearing for a capital project that was discussed and meetings were held on last fall. I would think the architect would have been engaged months ahead of time."
Rossi acknowledged that the drainage issue came as a surprise to him as well but said he was hopeful the district would be able to get the playground done in the coming year.
Board member Kate Matteson, however, ripped the administration over what she characterized as shoddy planning, both on the playground issue and in how the budget itself was presented. She also accused school officials of giving priority to last year's $3 million construction of a multi-purpose turf field at the high school at the expense of the district's elementary school students, whom she suggested were being given short shrift by comparison.
Board members Kylen Anderson and Jason Ventresca disputed that, saying the turf field took five years of planning that included several false starts along the way. "I don't think it's fair to say that people were more concerned about the turf field than the playground,“ Anderson said.
Matteson, however, noted that several of the district's schools sit smack in the middle of heavily regulated wetlands and said school officials should have factored this into their planning. "It's New Jersey. You have to do your homework. ... The third-grade playground was just as important as the turf field and should have been taken just as seriously. It's a real fail," she said.
Matteson also faulted the school administration for not having a PowerPoint or other presentation on the budget available and said she would be voting against it for this reason. The other eight members all voted in favor of the budget’s adoption.
Prior to the final vote on the budget, Board Vice President Jennifer Grana made a motion to appropriate the additional $200,000 for the playground, a motion that board member Kurt Morris opposed but that the others all supported.
Eric Obernauer can also be contacted on Twitter: @EricObernNJH or by phone at 973-383-1213.
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Voters enter the polling station at St. Luigi Catholic School during election day in Toronto on Monday, October 21, 2019. Elections Canada has released some preliminary numbers from Canada’s 43rd general election is that help tell the story of the vote, beyond the final results. THE CANADIAN PRESS/ Tijana Martin
Many Canadians voted strategically to stop a party from winning: poll
Overall, 57 per cent said their vote was based on their political convictions
Oct. 29, 2019 7:55 a.m.
More than one-third of Canadians voted strategically in last week’s federal election to stop another party from winning, a new poll suggests.
Thirty-five per cent of respondents to the Leger poll said their decision about who to support took into account the chances that their vote would prevent another party’s candidate from being victorious.
And almost as many waited until the final week of the campaign to make their choice.
Thirteen per cent made a decision during the last week, six per cent during the final weekend before the Monday vote, and another 10 per cent literally didn’t decide until the last minute on voting day.
Those results suggest a good number of voters waited to see which way the wind was blowing before casting their ballots, motivated at least in part by a desire to prevent the outcome they least wanted.
The online survey of 1,503 adult Canadians was conducted Oct. 22-24 for The Canadian Press and weighted to reflect the makeup of Canada’s population; it cannot be assigned a margin of error because internet-based polls are not considered random samples.
Of all the parties, the Conservatives were the most likely to lock in their support early.
Fully 50 per cent of respondents who voted for the Tories said they made their choice before the campaign started. By contrast, just 30 per cent of Liberals, 22 per cent of New Democrats, 31 per cent of Bloc Quebecois supporters, 35 per cent of Greens and 31 per cent of supporters of the People’s Party of Canada said the same.
Overall, 57 per cent said their vote was based on their political convictions, without any thought to their candidates’ chances of winning.
The 35 per cent who did take strategic voting into account included 39 per cent of Conservative supporters, 43 per cent of Liberals, 28 per cent of New Democrats, 18 per cent of Bloc supporters, 16 per cent of Greens and 24 per cent of People’s Party supporters.
READ MORE: Trudeau says new cabinet to be sworn in on Nov. 20
But while strategic voting was a factor, the poll suggests it wasn’t the primary factor for most. Asked to identify the main reason why they chose to vote for a party, 37 per cent said they did so because the platform and values aligned with their own. Nine per cent said their primary motivation was to get rid of Justin Trudeau’s Liberal government, six per cent said it was to vote against another party and four per cent said they voted mainly for the best local candidate.
Trudeau spent the final week of the campaign warning progressive voters that they must vote Liberal to prevent Andrew Scheer’s Conservatives from forming government.
The poll suggests he had good reason to be worried that progressive voters might split their votes among the Liberals, NDP, Greens and Bloc Quebecois, allowing the Conservatives to come up the middle.
Fully 46 per cent of respondents who ultimately voted Liberal said they considered voting for the NDP during the campaign. Another 30 per cent said they considered voting Bloc and 29 per cent considered going Green.
By contrast, those who voted Conservative were much less likely to have considered other options. Just 18 per cent considered the NDP, 15 per cent considered the People’s Party, 13 per cent considered the Liberals, 13 per cent the Greens and 11 per cent the Bloc.
In the end, Trudeau’s Liberals won 157 seats, 13 short of a majority. The Conservatives, who spent the final week of the campaign warning against a Liberal-NDP coalition, wound up with 121.
The outcome, combined with the latest poll results, suggest “the messaging of the Liberals in the last legs of the campaign, sort of post-debate, played much better than the messaging from the Conservatives,” said Leger executive vice-president Christian Bourque.
Indeed, while the Liberals stemmed the bleeding of their support to the NDP and Greens, Bourque said the Conservatives seemed unable to grow their support from the outset of the campaign.
“The Conservatives simply just delivered their base on election day and not anything else.”
Among those who didn’t vote, 15 per cent said they were working, travelling or otherwise unavailable to cast ballots, 14 per cent said they weren’t eligible to vote, 13 said they don’t trust politicians and nine per cent said they weren’t interested. Another three per cent said they found all parties disappointing, three per cent said their vote wouldn’t have counted, two per cent said the polling station was too far away, another two per cent said they didn’t receive voter information cards and one per cent fessed up to laziness.
READ MORE: Democrats can learn from slim Liberal win to beat Trump: ex-Obama envoy Heyman
Joan Bryden, The Canadian Press
Google’s most-searched Halloween costumes of 2019
VIDEO: Twiggy the waterskiing squirrel to come to Vancouver boat show
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Send Flowers for Joseph
Joseph J. Tinninis
July 31, 1953 ~ November 18, 2020 (age 67)
MSG Joseph J. Tinninis “Tino”, 67, of Mahanoy City, passed away on Wednesday, November 18th in Bethlehem, Pa.
Born in Shenandoah on July 31st, 1953 he was the son of the late Joseph C. Tinninis and his surviving mother, Lois F. (Truskowsky) Tinninis.
Tino was a 1971 graduate of Marian High School and then enlisted in the United States Navy for 4 ½ years and then transferred to the United States Army where he spent his more than 30 year career as an Automated Systems Supervisor at Fort Indiantown Gap Military Reserve in Annville, Pa.
He was a member of Friendship Fire Company, Englewood, Frackville, Pa where he dedicated much of his time and effort and along the way made many great friends. He was also a member of the Good Fellowship Club in Ashland, Pa. Tino liked to spend time on Smith Island, Maryland as a commercial crabber. He also enjoyed fishing and hunting, especially with his circle of friends at “The Farm”.
He leaves behind his mother, Lois Tinninis, at home, 1 daughter, Christi Tinninis – Georgia, 2 sisters, Susan Tinninis – at home, and Lois Wallauer with husband Michael – Ashland, Pa. 1 brother, Charles “Chuck” Tinninis and his wife Marci – Greencastle, Pa. Also surviving are his companion of 13 years, Molly Dalton, and nieces and nephews.
A visitation for family and friends will be held on Friday, November 27th from 8am to 10am at the Oravitz Home for Funerals Inc, 40 N. Jardin St, Shenandoah. Interment with full military honors will follow at 11:30am in Fort Indiantown Gap National Cemetery, Annville, Pa.
Contributions in Tino’s memory may be dedicated to the: Friendship Fire Company, 147 N. 7th St, Frackville, Pa, 17931
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Joseph J. Tinninis, please visit our floral store.
40 N Jardin St,
Interment with Military Honors
Fort Indiantown Gap National Cemetery
Indiantown Gap Rd.
Annville, PA 17003
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Drueding Center
Hopeworks 'N Camden
Our Brothers Place
Youth Emergency Shelter
Solidarity in Action
Photo 4 Social Change
ORIAI
Artists in the Spotlight!
Imagine No Hunger
A Look Back... at Our Future
How to Help Foster Children
How You Can Help Foster Children
Want more information, or are you looking for a way to get involved? Below are links to organizations that deal with child welfare and foster care.
AdoptUSKids: A project of the Children's Bureau, part of the federal Department of Health and Human Services, the organization encourages families to adopt U.S. children.
Casey Family Programs: Casey Family Programs' mission is to provide and improve -- and ultimately to eliminate the need for -- foster care by providing direct services and promoting advances in child-welfare practice and policy.
Dave Thomas Foundation: Wendy's founder Dave Thomas created the nonprofit organization dedicated to increasing the adoption of the more than 150,000 children in North America's foster care system.
North American Council on Adoptable Children: NACAC promotes and supports permanent families for children and youth in the United States and Canada who have been in care, especially those in foster care and those with special needs.
Pew Commission of Children in Foster Care: Part of the Pew Charitable Trust, the Pew Commission on Children in Foster Care has been established to develop recommendations to improve outcomes for children in the foster care system.
Children's Rights: One of the country's foremost advocacy organizations for children. Uses the power of the courts, policy analysis and public education to ensure that children who are abused and neglected receive the care and services they need, and that they grow up in permanent and loving homes.
Maryhurst: Provides residential in-home and community-based treatment programs to children with severe emotional disabilities, most often caused by traumatic experiences of abuse and neglect. A fully licensed childcare, child placement and adoption service provider in Kentucky, serving more than 600 children and families each year.
The Kinship Center: The California-based Kinship Center helps create and support families for thousands of children who can no longer remain safely with their birth parents.
Adoption.About.com: A clearinghouse of information on adoption and foster care.
The Urban Institute: A nonpartisan economic and social policy research institute.
National Foster Parents Association: The National Foster Parent Association is the only national organization that strives to support foster parents, and remains a consistently strong voice on behalf of all children.
Child Welfare League of America: An association of more than 900 public and private nonprofit agencies that assist more than 3.5 million abused and neglected children and their families each year with a range of services.
Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative: A national foundation whose mission is to help youth in foster care make successful transitions to adulthood by connecting them with opportunities in education, employment, health care, housing and supportive personal and community relationships.
Annie E. Casey Foundation: The primary mission of the foundation is to foster public policies, human service reforms and community supports that more effectively meet the needs of today's vulnerable children and families.
National Court Appointed Special Advocate Association: Together with its state and local members, the association supports and promotes court-appointed volunteer advocacy for abused and neglected children so that they can thrive in safe, permanent homes.
© 2017 Optical Realities Photography / Indie Arts Initiative
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Civil Society, History, Politics
The vernacular and the utopian
By Boaventura de Sousa Santos*
Consult any modern written language dictionary and you will come away with the conclusion that the vernacular and the utopian are opposing concepts. While the vernacular (from the Latin word vernaculus) means that which is specific to a given country, place or region, the utopian (from Utopia, the title of Thomas More’s famous 1516 book) refers to that which
would be expected to characterize an imaginary government nowhere specific. Figuratively speaking, the vernacular is that which is right, pure, or of the land, whereas the utopian describes that which is make-believe, fanciful, chimerical. In the present text I seek to show that, contrary to this apparent contradiction and the consensus of dictionaries, the two terms share more complicities than one might imagine, and that those complicities have become more visible in recent times.
My title draws from the groundbreaking work of Teodor Shanin, one of the most remarkable and forgotten Marxist theorists of the twentieth century, which was instrumental in reclaiming the rich, diverse and dynamic character of Karl Marx’s thought (against all orthodoxies, both Marxist and non-Marxist). Shanin focused especially on showing the importance of Marx’s unpublished writings from the 1867 publication of the first volume of Das Kapital (the last major work to be published in his lifetime) until his death in 1883 – i.e., the notes of the “later Marx”, totaling no less than 30,000 pages. Until the publication of Capital, and notwithstanding his being more widely read on the history of non-European – namely Asian – societies than
any other European theorist of his time, Marx analyzed those societies from a Eurocentric and evolutionist point of view, based on the notion that such societies represented earlier, irrevocably obsolete stages of Europe’s developed capitalist societies. But even with regard to the latter societies, the only one to be analyzed by Marx with an impressive degree of detail and insight was England, then the most developed of capitalist economies.
A keen observer of the revolutionary movements then mushrooming right on European soil but which did not follow the proletarian revolution model he had theorized about, Marx began to pay closer attention to them, rather than ignoring them or forcibly squaring them with his theory. That was the case with the 1871 Paris Commune, but even more so with Russia’s
peasant-based revolutionary populist movement, which made itself strongly felt in the 1870s and 1880s. In order to understand the events in Russia, Marx obsessively undertook to learn Russian (as if it were “a matter of life or death”, his wife complained in a letter to Engels, Marx’s faithful companion and longtime collaborator). From then on and until the end of his life, the heterogeneity of histories and social transformations became central to Marx’s reflections. The theoretical consequences soon followed: there are no rigid laws of social development; there is not one, but several ways to reach socialism, and the analyses contained in Capital are only entirely valid in the case of England; far from being a hindrance or historical residue, peasants can, in certain circumstances, be a revolutionary subject. All this seemed odd, theoretically impure and “not very Marxist” in the eyes of the majority of late 19th-century Marxists. This development in Marx’s thinking was even regarded as the sign of an aging mind, and in fact one of the four versions of his letter to Vera Zasulich, a Russian populist, was censored by the Russian Marxists and remained unpublished until… 1924.
Curiously enough, the same accusations of theoretical impurity were to be directed against Lenin by his comrades after 1905-7.
What, then, were Marx’s sins? There were two. On the one hand, his valuing local and vernacular contexts and experiences, despite their deviating from the supposedly universal patterns. On the other hand, his viewing as positive and even utopian that which was old, seemingly residual (Russia’s peasant commune, based on community property and grassroots
democracy, albeit under the constant surveillance of the despotic tsarist state) and which, by reason of its voluntarism and moralism, posed a challenge to the objective (and amoral) laws of social evolution he himself had unveiled. All this sounds like ancient history and not relevant to our present and future, but that is really not the case. This kind of debate, centered on the
need to look to tradition in search of energies and clues for better futures and, more generally, on how difficult it is for pure theory, whatever it may be, to account for ever-recalcitrant, ever-changing reality, was present throughout the twentieth century and will accompany us, I think, in the current century.
Let me mention, by way of illustration, two very different contexts that were (and probably still are) marked by this debate. I will not go into the fact that not one of the revolutionary processes stabilized in the course of the last century was led by the working class in the precise way envisaged by Marxist theory, be they the Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917, the Mexican revolution of 1910, the Chinese revolutions of 1910, 1927-37 and 1949, the Vietnamese revolution of 1945 or the Cuban revolution of 1959. In each and every one of these, the protagonists were the oppressed working people from both the countryside and the city, with peasants playing a decisive role in some of them.
The first context was that of decolonization in the Asian subcontinent (notably India) and in Africa. Every independence process was marked by the following dilemma: given that local realities strayed so far from the European cases analyzed by Marx that many adaptations would be required to even start to envisage Marxist versions of socialist-oriented nationalist
revolutions, should that fact be regarded as an added difficulty or an opportunity? In India there was a lively debate among the nationalist forces, with, on the one hand, Nehru’s position, linking socialism to the modernization in India, along lines that did not differ much from European modernization, and on the other, Gandhi, who saw in India’s rich culture and
community practices the best guarantee of true liberation. In 1947, Nehru’s position prevailed, but the Gandhian tradition has lived on and remains operative to this day. In Africa, the time span runs from 1957 (the independence of Ghana) to 1975 (independence of the Portuguese colonies).
At the risk of omission, let me say that the four most notable leaders in the anti-colonial liberation struggle were Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana), Julius Nyerere (Tanzania), Leopold Senghor (Senegal) and Amílcar Cabral (Guinea-Bissau). They were all intensely involved in the debate about the value of the African vernacular, and they all tried, albeit in different ways, to counteract Marx’s Eurocentrism and to envisage futures for their countries in which African culture, traditions and ways of life would be adequately valued. Each in his own way, they all contributed to a notion of African socialism that called for a diversity of paths toward development where African humanism was to replace unilinear progress at all costs and the class struggle would take a back seat to ancestral experiences of communal life.
They all included the possibility that the local, ancestral vernacular might become the mobilizing idea of a liberation utopia. Just like in the later Marx, with whom none of them was familiar, the vernacular would obviously have to be adapted for its utopian potential to be released.
By 1975, when the then Portuguese colonies gained independence, the terms of the debate had changed significantly, thanks to the external context and to the knowledge resulting from the evolution of the previous experiences of independence on the continent. But even then, the tension between the vernacular and the utopian manifested itself in multiple ways.
Just to give one example: At first, Mozambique’s Frelimo party was hostile toward everything traditional, viewing it as a past that had been hopelessly adulterated by the colonial violence. Hence its hostility toward the continuity of the traditional authorities in the role of administering justice in informal ways, carried out by members of the local community and based on African justice systems. However, dismantling the system of community authorities
proved so disruptive to the ways of peaceful coexistence within the communities – already beyond the reach of official justice anyway –, that the government had to reverse course and in 2000 ended up legitimizing those authorities, which now operate in parallel with the community courts. In similar fashion, in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde the tabanca (i.e., village) courts continued to exist, under the name of area courts (tribunais de zona).
The second context is quite different and a lot more recent. It occurred in Mexico with the 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas, and in Bolivia and Ecuador with the constitutional rocesses that followed the victories by Evo Morales (2006) and Rafael Correa (2007), respectively, in the presidential elections of these two countries. The Zapatista experiment constitutes a most
complex mixture of the vernacular and the utopian, combining to this day the ideals of social and political liberation on the one hand and, on the other, the valuing of the community culture and experiences of the indigenous peoples of southern Mexico. A counter-hegemonic reading of the ideals of human rights is thus interwoven with a radical demand for self-government and for constant innovation based on that which is genuine and ancestral. As
regards the two democratic experiments in Bolivia and Ecuador, they came after decades of mobilization of the indigenous peoples, as a result of which the latter’s ancestral worldviews made a decisive imprint on the Constitutions of Ecuador (2008) and Bolivia (2009). The notion of development has been replaced by that of good living and the concept of nature as a natural resource has been replaced by the concept of nature as pachamama, mother earth, who must be cared for and whose rights are explicitly enshrined in Article 71 of the Ecuadorian Constitution. The interweaving of the vernacular and the utopian, the past and the future, was
enthusiastically embraced by the urban ecological movements of many countries, which knew nothing about indigenous philosophy but still were attracted by its respect for the values of the care for nature and the ecological awareness that drove them. As with the Zapatistas before, the new and innovative emphasis on the vernacular and the local gave rise to discourses that transcended the local and became part of cosmopolitan emancipatory
narratives of an anti-capitalist, anti-colonialist and anti-patriarchal bent. This creative tension between the vernacular and the utopian did not end with the historical experiments mentioned above. I would venture to say that it will accompany us in the present century, no doubt strengthened by the alternatives brought about by the post-pandemic period. It is becoming increasingly evident that unless societies and economies adopt ways of life
not based on the unjust and unfettered exploitation of natural and human resources, human life on the planet is at risk of becoming extinct.
*Boaventura de Sousa Santos is a Portuguese m professor of Sociology at the School of Economics, University of Coímbra (Portugal), distinguished legal scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School, and global legal scholar at the University of Warwick. Co-founder and one of the main leaders of the World Social Forum. Article provided to Other News by the author,on Sept.07, 2020
Eternal Brexit
Sustainability Credits: Path for Covid Economic Recovery and a Global Renewable Future
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Episodes and Videos
Friday Nights on PBS
President Trump’s impeachment battle continues
Air Date:
It was a sleepy week in Washington, but not in American politics. Robert Costa and the panelists looked at the latest developments in President Trump’s impeachment battle. The conversation also turned to a look back at some of the year’s big issues, like immigration and the economy, and previewed where these subjects could go in the new year.
ROBERT COSTA: It was a sleepy week in Washington, but not in American politics.
PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: (From video.) They had nothing. How do you impeach? You had no crime.
MR. COSTA: President Trump is in Florida and the fight over his Senate trial continues. And as the year ends, that’s far from the only battle he faces.
FORMER VICE PRESIDENT JOSEPH BIDEN: (From video.) We need to restore the integrity of the presidency, and it’s about time we get that underway.
SENATOR AMY KLOBUCHAR (D-MN): (From video.) If the president claims that he is so innocent, then why doesn’t he have all the president’s men testify?
MR. COSTA: Next.
ANNOUNCER: This is Washington Week. Once again, from Washington, moderator Robert Costa.
MR. COSTA: Good evening. Is the outcome of President Trump’s upcoming impeachment trial all but certain? For weeks Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has been saying yes, predicting Senate Republicans will acquit the president, but there was some movement this week – some flashes of uncertainty. Senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, who has broken with the GOP on major votes in the past, spoke to a local reporter and said she does not approve of McConnell’s alliance with the White House.
SENATOR LISA MURKOWSKI (R-AK): (From video.) In fairness, when I heard that I was disturbed. To me it means that we have to take that step back from being hand-in-glove with the defense.
MR. COSTA: And Senator Doug Jones of Alabama, perhaps the most vulnerable Senate Democrat, told ABC News in recent days that he remains undecided.
SENATOR DOUG JONES (D-AL): (From video.) I’m trying to see if the dots get connected. If that is the case, then I think it’s a serious matter; I think it’s an impeachable matter. But if those dots aren’t connected and there are other explanations that I think are consistent with innocence, I will go that way too.
MR. COSTA: Joining us tonight, Kimberly Atkins, senior news correspondent for WBUR, Boston’s NPR News Station; Amna Nawaz, senior national correspondent for the PBS NewsHour; and Bob Woodward, associate editor of The Washington Post and author of Fear: Trump in the White House. Welcome to all of you.
Kim, to start us off, Senator Murkowski taking her position as this negotiation continues about a Senate trial for President Trump, are her concerns about the president’s conduct – is it about the substance of impeachment or is it about the process?
KIMBERLY ATKINS: Well, it seems so far to be about the process, because when Mitch McConnell was talking about working with the president, Mitch McConnell was talking about this quick trial that he expects, I think that is what’s troubling, and it reminds of me of the confirmation hearings of Justice Brett Kavanaugh in a way. Remember then it was Republicans then led by Jeff Flake who wanted to take a step back, all of a sudden there was the request for that additional FBI probe. It was short. It was, you know, very constricted in what it was, but it gave Republicans a chance just to pump the brakes a little bit as the pressure ratcheted up, and it seems like that’s what Senator Murkowski is interested in doing. I could see her possibly convincing other more moderate Republicans like Susan Collins or Senator Mitt Romney or Cory Gardner, other people who are vulnerable who are facing reelection too, to get behind a plan on the rules, when they’re the setting the rules of how this goes, that it doesn’t look like this is just going to be rammed through on a fast track and not be fair.
MR. COSTA: And Amna, when you think about the process complaints that are out there from Senator Murkowski, but there’s also political capital the president has with Republicans that may also help them fall into line eventually on impeachment. President Trump said this about the senator last month at a donor event, according to The Washington Post. Quote, “She hates me. I kind of like her, but she doesn’t really like me,” adding, quote, “We do so much for Alaska you’d think we’d get her vote for something one of these days.” GOP just passed a $1.4 trillion spending deal. The Republicans have been there for Alaska, along with the president. Will that ultimately maybe force her hand?
AMNA NAWAZ: I think Senator Murkowski would disagree. That’s President Trump being his prime transactional self, right, that we do so much to help you in your state, why wouldn’t you back me when it comes to this one political battle I’m facing. But you know, you said it really well, I thought, in the opening, which was this was a flash of uncertainty and it wasn’t that bright a flash, to be honest. To express a mild discontent with the way the process has unfolded so far is not exactly a forceful show of this is an abdication of our constitutional responsibility, this is problematic; it was a bit of hesitation. And for all the speculation about now that the door is opened and has been opened by Senator Murkowski in this time where the Senate is still waiting for the articles of impeachment to be sent to them so they can begin the process, the door is open now for some other potential senators – maybe some vulnerable Republicans, people who have criticized the president before; Senator Mitt Romney, as Kimberly mentioned, who’s actually been specific about his criticism of the president when it comes to foreign influence in the United States – it’s a chance for them to walk through that door. Will they? We really have no idea, but the longer this process drags out the more pressure there could be on them to have to answer to that.
MR. COSTA: Bob, it brings up the big question I have as a reporter: Could there be a surprise on the horizon? Everyone thinks this cake is baked, Washington is sleepy this week. But you’ve been a student of history; you’ve been writing about the presidency for decades. Could there be a surprise?
BOB WOODWARD: Well, of course. And what’s interesting, the psychology of the senators is, wow, this is a high-stakes game, we’re going down in history this way or that way; we better handle it right. I recall back to the Clinton impeachment, right, 20 years ago he was impeached in the House, waiting for a Senate trial, and who parachutes in? Two former presidents, Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, writing an op-ed piece in The New York Times saying the solution here is censure, and proposed a deal where Clinton would have to acknowledge he had lied or he had not told the truth under oath. Of course he’s not going to do that, and so everyone’s trying to position themselves on this and make a judgment. Is there some compromise? We know politicians are always looking for some middle ground. And so I think we are in Never-Never Land in a very significant way, not necessarily on the outcome but on the maneuvering.
MR. COSTA: But what about Leader McConnell and President Trump? How do you read that relationship?
MR. WOODWARD: Well, it’s supposedly close. I’m not sure the – you know, there are not a lot of interests they share other than trying to ensure their political future and making sure it’s long. So you know, but I think that’s the most important relationship in Washington.
MR. COSTA: The most important relationship.
MR. WOODWARD: Yeah, in the short run, in this trial, you know, everyone’s going to be judged. People in our business are still looking at Trump – the Trump presidency. I think there is an effort – I know, second Trump book I’m working on – to look in other areas that don’t have to do with Ukraine, and there’s a lot of research to do, a lot of reporting, and I think there has to be an effort to get Trump’s side as much on all of these issues.
MR. COSTA: And you think about all the other issues that are out there, that’s part of the challenge that’s confronting House Democrats. Speaker Pelosi, who’s holding up the articles of impeachment from the Senate, there was news this week House Democrats’ counsel Doug Letter suggested President Trump could be impeached twice if witnesses such as former White House Counsel Don McGahn are forced to testify. In a federal filing Monday the House counsel wrote this: quote, “If McGahn’s testimony produces new evidence supporting the conclusion that President Trump committed impeachable offenses that are not covered by the articles approved by the House, the committee will proceed accordingly, including if necessary by considering whether to recommend new articles of impeachment.” What is the speaker’s ultimate goal in holding up these articles?
MS. ATKINS: Well, I think she still realizes that she has power to wield, and as long as she has that she is going to use it. We have seen it could be – look, we’re over break. Nothing was going to be happening anyway immediately. She saw that bit of time, she’s buying it. Now, it comes with a risk. If Democrats wait too long, it can look purely like political maneuvering. It can make the entire impeachment process look like political maneuvering because one of the fundamental arguments, right, was that impeachment is necessary now instead of waiting for an election because these actions are ongoing, and they’re urgent, and it presents a threat to the Constitution. The longer you wait, the harder it is to make that argument. But one reason that it’s so tight, it’s so focused on Ukraine, has always left open that door, that even if he is not convicted if he does something else – even if he wins reelection – there can always be another impeachment. The Democrats still have that power in the House that they will try to wield if they think they have the ability to do so.
MR. COSTA: Amna, you just co-moderated the Democratic presidential debate. They have Iowa and New Hampshire just a few weeks away. Are they in lockstep with Speaker Pelosi in this delay?
MS. NAWAZ: Well, let’s be clear, all of the 2020 Democratic primary candidates have said that they support the impeachment inquiry, right? Beyond that, some of the candidates who are currently in the Senate, who would be jurors in that trial, have been walking a very fine line, trying to maintain at least an air of impartiality because they know what their constitutional duty would be. And they are saying: I’m going to reserve judgement. We’re going to follow the process and allow it to unfold.
That said, to Kimberly’s point, the longer that this sort of plays out, the longer there is any kind of a gap – and there are diminishing returns if it goes too long – but a lot of those vulnerable GOP senators we mentioned already will continue to face questions about where they stand, whether they agree with Murkowski, whether they have their own hesitations. And we all remember back in October when Cory Gardner was pinned down in a hallway by a reporter and asked repeatedly – three, four, five times – is it OK for the president to invite foreign influence into domestic politics, to look into a domestic political rival. And he didn’t answer each time. It was incredibly damaging for him. More than half of his state supports the impeachment inquiry, at least right now. It’s a tenuous position for a number of these senators to hold.
MR. COSTA: Bob, when you think about President Trump, there was a headline in Roll Call newspaper this week, Mar-a-Limbo. He’s just waiting to see what happens with the Senate trial. But when you look at this process and compare it to Watergate, in terms of the evidence, Democrats keep looking for more documents, more witnesses. They’re trying to, perhaps, bolster their case. Is there a real difference between what’s happening now and what’s happening then in terms of the evidence that’s on hand?
MR. WOODWARD: Well, in the Nixon case there were, before he resigned, dozens of hours of tapes, and testimony, and actual documents. People wrote things down. You know, let’s put the fix in. Let’s do that. And so it’s very different in terms of magnitude. What strikes me from looking at this from a distance, and considering Nancy Pelosi, there were really extraordinary political muscle on her part to take the position, we’re not doing impeachment. Then they get the Ukraine information, we’re doing impeachment. At the same time, incredible political muscle on the Republican side. A hundred and seventy-three Republicans voting unanimously against impeachment. That is staggering. So we’re in a situation where the – people have staked out their sides. And, you know, how this – I think –
MR. COSTA: Does the White House buckle at all, and yield, in terms of witnesses or documents? Or do you believe President Trump will hold the line?
MR. WOODWARD: Well, I think he’s kind of committed, and it’s in the courts. But the courts are going to decide this week or next month. It’s going to the Supreme Court. And there is a classic, you know, power context going on here that is very – couldn’t be larger. And the Supreme Court might want to really do something very serious, if they get one of these cases. I think I’ve tried in my own mind to calculate the number of possible scenarios here in the next year. And I can list 14. (Laughter.)
MR. COSTA: I think I could add a few myself. I mean, it just – Kim, you’re the – you’re the attorney here at the table.
MS. ATKINS: Yeah.
MR. COSTA: You think about Chief Justice Roberts. Will he play by the rules, be low key, based on your reporting, or not?
MS. ATKINS: Yeah, I think so. We’ve seen from – I’ve seen from covering the Supreme Court and covering politics and that Chief Justice John Roberts is not a guy who wants to take on the political – take the political wand and run with it. He is very aware about his role as the chief justice of the Supreme Court, and the role of the court, and the reputation of the court. He will be equally as concerned that this be – this look like a fair process, this looks like he did his job. And I don’t think – I think there will be pressure by Donald Trump, maybe through his Twitter account, that Chief Justice John Roberts is one of the people who are there to protect him, and he doesn’t see his role that way.
MR. COSTA: Let’s step back for a second. We’re at the end of the year. This is the last show of 2019, and it’s a year that ends with a standoff, and that’s not that surprising because if you remember at this time last year the U.S. government was shut down as President Trump clashed with Democrats over funding for a border wall, and that did not end until late January. Immigration since then has remained front and center. Amna co-moderated this month’s Democratic presidential debate and had this exchange with Mayor Pete Buttigieg of South Bend, Indiana.
MS. NAWAZ: (From video.) You said last month that the U.S. owes compensation to children separated from their families at the southern border. The consensus among child welfare experts is that those thousands of children will likely suffer lifelong trauma as a result of that separation. Are you committing as president to financial compensation for those thousands of children?
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA MAYOR PETE BUTTIGIEG (D): (From video.) Yes, and they should have a fast track to citizenship, because what the United States did under this president to them was wrong and we have a moral obligation to make right what was broken.
MR. COSTA: Amna, a year on from that immigration standoff, that shutdown, where are we? Where is the United States in terms of immigration policy? Where is President Trump?
MS. NAWAZ: You know, if there is one thing President Trump has succeeded in doing it is raising immigration back to a top issue when it comes to American voters, even making it a voting issue around this identity issue and who we are as Americans, who should be allowed to become an American. And it hasn’t been that way for many, many years. But where we are is dramatically far away from where we were when the Trump presidency began. The entire immigration landscape, not just when it comes to illegal immigration, but legal migration as well, has been changed. There’s a number of changes still held up in the courts. And the conversation has changed dramatically too.
You see now among the 2020 candidates on the Democratic side people staking out much more progressive positions than they had in the past, as a counterbalance to many of the Trump administration’s policies. And the family separation policy, of course, that we’ve all talked about before, we’ve all covered in many different ways, that was one of sort of the deciding points of 2019, when people – even among the president’s own supporters – when we knew the extent of it, when we knew the details about the ways in which it was carried out, about the complete lack of planning that went into separating minor children from their parents, that was for a lot of people a breaking point. It's not something as a policy matter that President Trump wants to come back to, but immigration remains something he comes to again and again when his back is up against the wall.
MR. WOODWARD: Can I ask, but how would you compensate people? A very good question to the mayor about that. And he said, oh yes, and then he slid off. And I mean, that’s just – that smacks of – how do you administer that? How do you decide what – and remember –
MS. NAWAZ: It’s a great question.
MR. COSTA: And where – brings up the bigger question, where are the Democrats on immigration? How are they – if we look ahead to campaign 2020, where are they going to be on immigration?
MS. NAWAZ: So I’ll say on that one specific policy, so far Mayor Buttigieg is the only one to go that far out, to say, yes, we should be accountable to these families to whom we caused great harm, and compensation – financial compensation is the way I think that should go. No other candidate is saying that right now. But it’s a very easy policy position and a very easy political messaging position for a lot of these candidates to say: What I will do is change these morally repugnant policies that the Trump administration has put into place. When you press them on the details, on things that should be easy – like providing a path to citizenship for DACA recipients – they will all pledge, in the way that they have in the past, to make it a priority. Democrats haven’t managed to do that yet.
MR. COSTA: And there are other issues on the domestic front beyond immigration. You have the economy for so many people front and center as well. President’s trying to get a trade deal done with China. Is that the key issue facing him on the economy in 2020, especially with the jobs numbers pretty strong and the stock market so high?
MS. ATKINS: Yeah, I mean, the important part about the trade deal with China is that the trade – the trade – the tariff war was really harming a lot of people in a way that they could feel. It was harming farmers. It was harming manufacturing. There were real working people who were feeling the pinch from that. And that coming to a conclusion will be a big problem for him, because otherwise – that coming to a conclusion will be a big benefit for him, because otherwise the economy has been really strong. I thought that the one thing that could be the biggest problem for Donald Trump’s reelection prospects would be if the economy somehow tanked before the election. Now I’m not so sure. If it tanks for some reason other than his – what he does, I think that his core supporters may still stay with him because they stayed with him longer than I expected them to, particularly farmers, throughout this China trade war, and they are there at the conclusion. So I think the strong economy is the biggest – is the biggest wind at the president’s back right now.
MR. WOODWARD: Yes, and it’s almost a hurricane, at least at the moment. And I’m trying to step back a little bit and think about this, and what have we got? We really have two Americas, and they are split on impeachment, they are split on Trump, they are split on immigration. I think there’s an important split on healthcare. I think this idea of, you know, Medicare for All, understand the force behind it but, what, there are 160 million people or more who have private insurance, and one of the old rules of management at The Washington Post was don’t try to fix it if it’s not broken. And those people think it’s not necessarily broken; they’d like it to be better. So –
MR. COSTA: But the other half of America feels like they want the whole system to change. You hear about systemic change from Senator Sanders, from Senator Warren, and that’s gaining traction on the Democratic side.
MR. WOODWARD: Well, that’s – we’ll see. I mean, I just think there is this sense right now of is there going to be a crisis that defines Trump. If it’s the economy, that hurricane at his back, you say the – and you’re right – that Trump supporters stick with him, but I think there are lots of people who really don’t like him who are sticking with him because of the economy.
MR. COSTA: What’s your perspective reportingwise when you were sitting on that debate stage moderating, talking to them about healthcare? Do the Democrats – is there a debate in the Democratic Party about where they’re moving on healthcare, and how do you see that playing out in the coming weeks?
MS. NAWAZ: Very much so. I mean, I think one of the most significant changes we saw in that debate within just the Democratic Party was, you know, in the spectrum of, you know, Medicare for All and changing the entire system or slight changes to the system as it exists, building back up the Affordable Care Act first, was that Senator Warren herself shifted her position, and she went from wanting to immediately implement a Medicare for All plan early in a potential presidency to basically adopting the plan that some of the more moderate candidates had, which was a slow rollout to a single-payer system in the first three years and then eventually moving into a Medicare for All system, which – can you imagine in your presidency like your third or fourth year trying to do something like that? But it was a bit of a walkback for her from what was an incredibly progressive position. You’re seeing that still very much play out. I don’t – I don’t think the Democratic candidates have figured out which way that the party needs to go.
MR. COSTA: I also wonder about nationalism. You look at President Trump’s message in 2016 on issues like immigration. You look at the U.K., Boris Johnson, the Conservatives winning over there just a few weeks ago. Is nationalism; President Trump’s message on race, immigration, identity; is that again at the heart of his 2020 message?
MS. ATKINS: Yes. I mean, look, everything that Donald Trump has done in terms of policy echoes what he said on the campaign trail, and there has been no reason to believe he would change that because he really hasn’t suffered any – aside from the impeachment which is its own specific thing – really hasn’t suffered any pushback to that. He really hasn’t paid any political price for all those things. He thinks that that’s what his supporters want – by and large, he’s right – and he is giving everyone the nationalistic part, he’s given them that; conservative judicial appointees, he’s given them that. He is doing – he is checking all of those boxes that he laid out during his campaign, and I don’t see any reason that he thinks that he needs to change that. The Democrats will have to change their message in order to defeat this.
MR. WOODWARD: It sounds like you think he’s going to be reelected.
MS. ATKINS: I think it depends on the Democrats. I think all of the factors that led to Donald Trump’s election are still there. The difference, the X factor, is going to be the Democratic candidate and how that candidate campaigns.
MR. WOODWARD: You see, nationalism is a little fuzzy, I think. I think what it is, in the way Trump looks at it and practices it, is being tough, being a hard-ass, in almost every opportunity that comes his way, and that’s very appealing to people in this – I think this is an era of, on the international front, great instability, great risks are being taken. It’s not clear what the policies are, but you know, there he is. And he can tweet anything; as you know, people who work for him wake up at 3 a.m. in a cold sweat, my God, what has he tweeted? And if he’s tweeted nothing, they can go back to sleep for three more hours and then check for the 6 a.m. tweet. I mean it is tough, tough, tough. And I think it’s – I was fascinated that you say he’s been successful on immigration. You mean politically.
MS. NAWAZ: Absolutely.
MR. COSTA: In his eyes.
MS. ATKINS: Right, yes.
MS. NAWAZ: In his eyes, absolutely. I mean, you look back even to the 2018 midterm elections, what message did we hear from President Trump and the White House again and again and again? It was not just the economy’s doing well; it was we need to fix immigration.
MR. COSTA: We have to leave it there. We could talk all night. And thank you for sharing your evening for us and this year. It really is appreciated. On behalf of our whole team, I wish you only the best in 2020.
In the meantime we will continue this talk and conversation on the Extra with a focus on President Trump and foreign policy. It airs live on social media and is later posted on our website.
I’m Robert Costa. Good night.
Bob Woodward
Amna Nawaz
Senior National Correspondent
Kimberly Atkins
Senior Opinion Writer
Watch the Webcast Extra:
President Trump and the world
As the year winds down, Robert Costa and the panelists looked at the president’s foreign policy goals and what he accomplished on the international front in 2019.
Audio Podcast | Video Podcast
What’s Next As President-Elect Joe Biden’s Inauguration Nears
President Trump is now the first United States president to be impeached twice. This was the most bipartisan impeachment in history, but still only 10 House Republicans voted in favor of Trump’s impeachment.
President Donald Trump’s Second Impeachment & A Nation on Edge
President Trump is now the first United States president to be impeached twice. This was the most bipartisan impeachment in history, but still only 10 House Republicans voted in favor of Trump’s impeachment. The panel discusses how the nation is bracing for both the inauguration of President-elect Joe Biden as well as a second Trump impeachment trial, the emotional and political wreckage from the Capitol, and what comes next as President-Elect Biden’s term in office approaches. Yamiche Alcindor of the PBS NewsHour guest moderates.
This Week on Washington Week: A Historic Second Impeachment
History was made yesterday as President Donald Trump became the first president to be impeached twice. This came one week to the day after a mob of Trump supporters attacked the U.S. Capitol, disrupting but not stopping the counting of the Electoral College votes that confirmed Joe Biden's victory.
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A Deeper Look at A Historic Week
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Rainbow Six Siege's core dev team is moving on
By Fraser Brown 19 December 2019
There's a new team with a new vision for the game.
After four years, Rainbow Six Siege's core team is moving on, though still staying at Ubisoft. Creative director Xavier Marquis, brand director Alexandre Remy and other members of the team will be hopping onto new projects, leaving the game in the hands of a new squad of Rainbow Six Siege veterans.
Before it launched, the prospect of a multiplayer-only online Rainbow Six seemed to hold little appeal for fans of the series, myself included, but it quickly proved itself to be as tense and inventive as its singleplayer counterparts, and completely unlike most other competitive multiplayer games. It's had a great run under Marquis, and Ubisoft is adamant that it's here to stay.
Remy described it as passing a legacy onto the new team in a video announcement. It's led by Leroy Athanassoff, who was lead designer on For Honor before he joined Rainbow Six Siege. While it's a new core team, they're not new to Rainbow Six Siege, having worked on the game for some time.
Siege relied heavily on Marquis and the original team during the early days, according to the former creative director, but it's grown better and larger, in great part thanks to the community, and now it's more than just their vision.
"Today we need to prepare new developers, new people, new teams to be able to embrace that," he said. "It's crucial to the very existence of the game."
Athanassoff also shared the team's goals for Rainbow Six Siege now that the transition has happened.
"We will start expanding the 'game universes,'" he said. "If you look at player experience, we need to stop thinking about exclusive features and start implementing inclusive features instead. What I mean is that we need to deliver content that will impact every player and the whole community."
Specific changes and new features weren't mentioned, but generally it sounds like they're aiming for broader, more holistic updates. I'm a bit out of the loop these days, though I've been following the big updates, but at the four year mark a shake-up is probably a good thing.
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Fantastic Sports Promotions
Fantastic Sports Promotions – Dream Sports is becoming more popular amongst lots of people. Nowadays, lots of grownups play these games as a source of home entertainment. Dream Sports has actually been around for many years, however they acquired in popularity after the popularity of baseball and basketball. In the last few years, Fantasy Sports has actually become one of the most popular methods to enjoy amusement and to interact with others.
Fantasy Sports is a kind of virtual game, typically played via the Internet, in which gamers build or create fictional groups made up of non-real or virtual gamers. These teams compete in video games based on the result of these gamers ‘ efficiencies in real life. If Joe Hockey has been playing baseball all his life, he can join a league in which his group contends versus other teams that are made up completely of other players who have not played baseball prior to.
Betting is unlawful in the United States, however this does not prevent individuals from engaging in dream sports. The current death of the Uigea Act prohibits players from betting over NFL choices and the same goes for NCAA tournaments and soccer competitions. As of now, no genuine plans have actually been taken into movement to ban gambling in the United States, but it seems likely that some sort of legislation will be passed in one day. As a result, it is important for anybody who participates in fantasy sports to comprehend how and when to bet.
There are various types of fantasy sports leagues offered, and they are grouped according to how they are played. Most basic leagues play in a single way, which includes a league champion series. There are and also head-to-head”clan ” competitions amongst gamers within each league. Each of these different kinds of leagues need various kinds of bets. Comprehending the various types of bets, their results, and the way they affect the outcomes can help you decide when to position a bet on a specific player or team.
Standard daily dream sports leagues allow you to bank on one or lots of routine season games. You can likewise take part in “playoff games ” where you will be able to bet a portion of the total points in the competition. There are also month-to-month cups that you can sign up with where you can bet money in “seasons ” that rotate throughout the month. These everyday dream sports leagues vary due to the fact that they offer players more possibilities to win and they also keep an eye on awards and stats in a different way than those of the “seasonal ” range.
Head-to-head competitors among players within a league resemble other types of everyday dream sports. For example, if you bet on your favorite basketball group to win every game throughout the playoffs, you would place that bet during the “playoffs “. If you wanted to wager versus your neighbor ‘s team in a head to head game, you would position that bet within the “regular season ” video games. Within a league, there is no other way to identify which kind of competition is “properly ” scheduled and which is not.
Many basic leagues within the world of fantasy sports do have playoff races. These races happen through a league website and can include such things as batting leader, finest 3 players, pitchers, groups with the best record, etc. The winners of these races are identified by an easy mathematical formula, so there is truly absolutely nothing else to it than that. This suggests that there are no gamers who are trying to manipulate the system in any method. Gaming is totally based upon the randomness of whether or not a player completes a race.
Of course, there are still some baseball and football gamers out there who will try to make their method into the dream group by unfaithful. There are a lot of data for baseball and football players, so it is very simple for some players to improve their data by figuring out how to beat the systems.
Fantasy Sports is a kind of virtual game, typically played through the Internet, in which gamers develop or develop fictional teams made up of non-real or virtual gamers. These everyday dream sports leagues vary since they offer players more opportunities to win and they also keep track of stats and awards differently than those of the “seasonal ” variety.
Head-to-head competitors amongst players within a league are comparable to other types of everyday fantasy sports. Of course, there are still some baseball and football gamers out there who will try to make their way into the dream team by unfaithful. There are a lot of statistics for baseball and football gamers, so it is extremely easy for some players to enhance their data by figuring out how to beat the systems. Fantastic Sports Promotions
◀Fantastic Sports Store Coupon
Fantastic Sports Cards▶
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Phone Number For Espn Fantasy Sports
Phone Number For Espn Fantasy Sports – Fantasy Sports is becoming more popular among many individuals. Nowadays, numerous adults play these games as a source of entertainment. Fantasy Sports has actually been around for many years, however they got in popularity after the appeal of baseball and basketball. In the last few years, Fantasy Sports has become one of the most popular ways to delight in amusement and to engage with others.
Fantasy Sports is a kind of virtual game, often played by means of the Internet, in which gamers develop or develop fictional groups made up of non-real or virtual gamers. These groups compete in video games based on the result of these gamers ‘ performances in genuine life. If Joe Hockey has been playing baseball all his life, he can sign up with a league in which his team completes against other teams that are composed totally of other gamers who have not played baseball before.
Betting is prohibited in the United States, but this does not prevent people from engaging in dream sports. The recent passing of the Uigea Act forbids players from betting over NFL picks and the same goes for NCAA tournaments and soccer tournaments.
There are various types of fantasy sports leagues readily available, and they are grouped according to how they are played. Most basic leagues play in a single way, which involves a league championship series. There are and likewise head-to-head”clan ” competitors amongst gamers within each league. Each of these various kinds of leagues require different kinds of bets. Understanding the various types of bets, their effects, and the method they impact the results can help you decide when to put a bet on a specific player or team.
Standard everyday fantasy sports leagues enable you to bet on one or many routine season video games. These everyday fantasy sports leagues differ because they offer players more chances to win and they also keep track of data and awards differently than those of the “seasonal ” range.
Head-to-head competitors among players within a league are comparable to other types of day-to-day fantasy sports. If you desired to wager versus your neighbor ‘s team in a head to head game, you would put that bet within the “routine season ” games.
Most standard leagues within the world of dream sports do have playoff races. These races occur through a league website and can consist of such things as batting leader, finest three hitters, pitchers, groups with the very best record, and so forth. The winners of these races are figured out by a simple mathematical formula, so there is really absolutely nothing else to it than that. This implies that there are no players who are trying to control the system in any method. Betting is completely based upon the randomness of whether or not a player finishes a race.
Of course, there are still some baseball and football players out there who will try to make their way into the fantasy group by unfaithful. There are a lot of stats for baseball and football gamers, so it is really simple for some players to improve their statistics by figuring out how to beat the systems.
Fantasy Sports is a kind of virtual video game, typically played through the Internet, in which gamers develop or produce fictional groups made up of virtual or non-real players. These daily fantasy sports leagues differ since they provide gamers more opportunities to win and they likewise keep track of awards and statistics differently than those of the “seasonal ” variety.
Head-to-head competitions among players within a league are similar to other types of daily dream sports. Of course, there are still some baseball and football players out there who will attempt to make their method into the dream group by cheating. There are a lot of stats for baseball and football players, so it is really simple for some players to enhance their data by figuring out how to beat the systems. Phone Number For Espn Fantasy Sports
◀Fantasy Sports Professional
Bloomberg Sports Fantasy Football Projections▶
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Pay per Head Sportsbooks: Collison says good bye to West Ham in an emotional letter
Jack Collison signed an emotional goodbye letter after his nine-year stay at West Ham ended, and pay per head sportsbooks can fully understand why the player got emotional.
Price per head services saw that earlier this month, West Ham confirmed that the Wales midfielder, who made it through the youth ranks at Cambridge United, would part ways with the club.
The 25-year-old’s career was heavily set back due to injury. It was limited to 121 appearances during the time that he spent at Upton Park.
However, pay per head sportsbooks saw that despite the decision made by the Premier League outfit to sever ties with Collison, the player was eager to show his gratitude to the club in a long statement on their official website.
The statement read: “The time has come for an end to my West Ham United career. What a roller coaster it has been – I have experienced plenty of ups and downs during my nine-year spell at West Ham.
“I hope I’m remembered as someone who gave his all in every game. Even when things weren’t going well, I always tried my best to have a positive impact, not just on pitch, but also off the pitch and around the training ground.
“I must thank the medical staff at West Ham. They have stuck with me through everything and have been fantastic throughout.
“The moody days, the down days, the rainy days, I have experienced every moment alongside some of the best medical guys I have ever had the privilege of working with.
Contact us today and let us explain exactly how pay per head sportsbooks work.
“As I move forward with my own career, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the fans once more. You have a fantastic set up, great staff and some wonderful players. As you move closer to the Olympic Stadium I wish you lots of luck.”
Pay per head sportsbooks were very sad to learn that Collison will leave West Ham, and wish him plenty of luck in the future.
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01872 572727 clerk@perranzabuloe-pc.gov.uk
Your Parish
Bolenna Park
Boscawen Road
Council Project – Boscawen Road
Perranzabuloe Parish Council announced in August 2018 that it had acquired for the community the former Lloyds Bank premises at 8 Boscawen Road, Perranporth. This landmark site has served the local community since it was first opened as a bank in 1917, and occupies a central and accessible location in the heart of Perranporth village.
Following the closure of the bank in 2017, the Parish Council worked hard to acquire the freehold, with the intention that the site may continue to be put to use as an asset for the benefit and amenity of the local population. With the purchase of the site complete, attention turned to how this site could be an integral part of the Parish Council’s strategy to safeguard and improve the provision of important public services within the parish, many of which are under threat or being cut by central government and the local unitary authority, Cornwall Council. The intention was also to fit into wider schemes to improve the recreation and community facilities within the parish.
A working party was formed by the Parish Council’s Property Group, with its remit to assess the condition of the existing property and to explore the site’s suitability for various purposes, including (but not limited to):
Relocated offices for the Parish Council in the centre of Perranporth village
A new location for Perranporth Library (that the Parish Council is due to take over from Cornwall Council in April 2019)
A community space for the use of local groups
A drop-in centre hosting sessions by Citizen’s Advice Bureau, Samaritans, Cornwall
Council or other government or non-government organisations
Public toilets with disabled access
Given the suitability of the 8 Boscawen Road site for use as council offices, and a desire to make the Parish Council’s operations more visible and accessible to the community, the Property Group also considered the potential for repurposing the current Parish Rooms at Chyanhale, Ponsmere Valley. This site would become vacant should 8 Boscawen Road be designated as the new Parish Council headquarters. Possible uses for Chyanhale could include:
A youth and/or community centre
A small sports hall or a floodlit, all-weather games facility
Business and/or retail units
With proposals also coming forward to relocate the skate park scheme to Ponsmere Valley, the potential to create a hub in this area of the village for youth and / or sports recreation facilities presents a compelling and unique opportunity to transform the provision for young people and other community groups.
With this in mind, the working party has looked at how the site at 8 Boscawen Road could best accommodate relocated Parish Council offices, and what other community uses could be well served by their adjoinment to the council’s operations.
More details can be reviewed by downloading and viewing this Boscawen Road Report pdf
Project News – Boscawen Road
Community Hub – consultation responses
by Parish Clerk | Feb 3, 2020 | Parish Council News, Projects - Boscawen Road
Dozens of residents attended two consultation last month to consider plans for developing the old Lloyds Bank building in Boscawen Road to provide a community hub and residential dwellings. The project team were available to answer questions as well as the architect...
New community space for Perranporth!
by Parish Clerk | Jan 21, 2020 | Council Projects, Parish Council News, Projects - Boscawen Road
Come and see the plans for the new Community Space for Perranporth! The Parish Council has been working hard on the project to replace the old Lloyd's Bank building with a great new space for the benefit of local residents. The library and parish council offices will...
Residents check out plans for Community Hub
by Parish Clerk | Sep 9, 2019 | Council Projects, Parish Council News, Projects - Boscawen Road
Dozens of local residents turned out last weekend as well as MP Sarah Newton to find out more about the plans for the new community hub facility which will replace the old Lloyds bank building and be home to the library and parish council offices. Plans are still at...
© 2021 Perranzabuloe Parish Council | Privacy Statement | Accessibility | Terms of Use | Admin
Website Design & Hosting - SeaDog IT
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The American Middle Class Is Losing Ground
No longer the majority and falling behind financially
After more than four decades of serving as the nation’s economic majority, the American middle class is now matched in number by those in the economic tiers above and below it. In early 2015, 120.8 million adults were in middle-income households, compared with 121.3 million in lower- and upper-income households combined, a demographic shift that could signal a tipping point, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of government data.1
In at least one sense, the shift represents economic progress: While the share of U.S. adults living in both upper- and lower-income households rose alongside the declining share in the middle from 1971 to 2015, the share in the upper-income tier grew more.
Over the same period, however, the nation’s aggregate household income has substantially shifted from middle-income to upper-income households, driven by the growing size of the upper-income tier and more rapid gains in income at the top. Fully 49% of U.S. aggregate income went to upper-income households in 2014, up from 29% in 1970. The share accruing to middle-income households was 43% in 2014, down substantially from 62% in 1970.2
And middle-income Americans have fallen further behind financially in the new century. In 2014, the median income of these households was 4% less than in 2000. Moreover, because of the housing market crisis and the Great Recession of 2007-09, their median wealth (assets minus debts) fell by 28% from 2001 to 2013.
Meanwhile, the far edges of the income spectrum have shown the most growth. In 2015, 20% of American adults were in the lowest-income tier, up from 16% in 1971. On the opposite side, 9% are in the highest-income tier, more than double the 4% share in 1971. At the same time, the shares of adults in the lower-middle or upper-middle income tiers were nearly unchanged.
These findings emerge from a new Pew Research Center analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. In this study, which examines the changing size, demographic composition and economic fortunes of the American middle class, “middle-income” Americans are defined as adults whose annual household income is two-thirds to double the national median, about $42,000 to $126,000 annually in 2014 dollars for a household of three.3 Under this definition, the middle class made up 50% of the U.S. adult population in 2015, down from 61% in 1971.
Are you in the American middle class?
Find out with our income calculator.
Our new calculator allows you to see which group you fit in, first compared with all American adults, and then compared with other adults similar to you in education, age, race or ethnicity, and marital status.
The state of the American middle class is at the heart of the economic platforms of many presidential candidates ahead of the 2016 election. Policymakers are engaged in debates about the need to raise the floor on wages and on how best to curb rising income inequality. Meanwhile, President Barack Obama uses the term “middle-class economics” to describe his economic agenda.4 And a flurry of new research points to the potential of a larger middle class to provide the economic boost sought by many advanced economies.5
The news regarding the American middle class is not all bad. Although the middle class has not kept pace with upper-income households, its median income, adjusted for household size, has risen over the long haul, increasing 34% since 1970. That is not as strong as the 47% increase in income for upper-income households, though it is greater than the 28% increase among lower-income households.6
Moreover, some demographic groups have fared better than others in moving up the income tiers, while some groups have slipped down the ladder. The groups making notable progress include older Americans, married couples and blacks. Despite this progress, older Americans and blacks remain more likely to be lower income and less likely to be upper income than adults overall. Those Americans without a college degree stand out as experiencing a substantial loss in economic status.
In addition to changes in the size and economic standing of the American middle class, its demographic profile has changed significantly in recent decades. Some of the changes reflect long-term demographic trends in the U.S., as the middle class is in many ways a mirror of the broader population. For example, the aging of the country, the growing racial and ethnic diversity, the decline in marriage rates and the overall rise in educational attainment are all reflected in the changing composition of the middle class.
Who is middle income?
In this report, “middle-income” households are defined as those with an income that is 67% to 200% (two-thirds to double) of the overall median household income, after incomes have been adjusted for household size.7 Lower-income households have incomes less than 67% of the median, and upper-income households have incomes that are more than double the median.
The income it takes to be middle income varies by household size, with smaller households requiring less to support the same lifestyle as larger households. For a three-person household, the middle-income range was about $42,000 to $126,000 annually in 2014. However, a one-person household needed only about $24,000 to $73,000 to be middle income. For a five-person household to be considered middle income, its 2014 income had to range from $54,000 to $162,000.8
In addition, the lower-income group is divided into lowest-income households (with income less than half of the overall median) and lower-middle income households (with incomes from half to less than two-thirds of the overall median). In 2014, a lowest-income household with three people lived on about $31,000 or less, and a lower-middle income household lived on about $31,000 to $42,000.9
Likewise, upper-income households are divided into upper-middle income households (with more than twice the overall median income and up to three times the median) and highest-income households (with more than three times the overall median income). In 2014, an upper-middle income household with three people lived on about $126,000 to $188,000, and a highest-income household lived on more than $188,000.
Middle income or middle class?
The terms “middle income” and “middle class” are often used interchangeably. This is especially true among economists who typically define the middle class in terms of income or consumption. But being middle class can connote more than income, be it a college education, white-collar work, economic security, owning a home, or having certain social and political values. Class could also be a state of mind, that is, it could be a matter of self-identification (Pew Research Center, 2008, 2012). The interplay among these many factors is examined in studies by Hout (2007) and Savage et al. (2013), among others.
This report uses household income to group people. For that reason, the term “middle income” is used more often than not. However, “middle class” is also used at times for the sake of exposition.
The middle class shrinks
The hollowing of the American middle class has proceeded steadily for more than four decades. Since 1971, each decade has ended with a smaller share of adults living in middle-income households than at the beginning of the decade, and no single decade stands out as having triggered or hastened the decline in the middle.
Based on the definition used in this report, the share of American adults living in middle-income households has fallen from 61% in 1971 to 50% in 2015. The share living in the upper-income tier rose from 14% to 21% over the same period. Meanwhile, the share in the lower-income tier increased from 25% to 29%. Notably, the 7 percentage point increase in the share at the top is nearly double the 4 percentage point increase at the bottom.
The rising share of adults in the lower- and upper-income tiers is at the farthest points of the income distribution, distant from the vicinity of the middle. The share of American adults in the lowest-income tier rose from 16% in 1971 to 20% in 2015. Over the same period, the share of American adults in lower-middle income households did not change, holding at 9%.
The growth at the top is similarly skewed. The share of adults in highest-income households more than doubled, from 4% in 1971 to 9% in 2015. But the increase in the share in upper-middle income households was modest, rising from 10% to 12%. Thus, the closer look at the shift out of the middle reveals that a deeper polarization is underway in the American economy.
The middle class falls further behind upper-income households financially
The gaps in income and wealth between middle- and upper-income households widened substantially in the past three to four decades. As noted, one result is that the share of U.S. aggregate household income held by upper-income households climbed sharply, from 29% in 1970 to 49% in 2014.10 More recently, upper-income families, which had three times as much wealth as middle-income families in 1983, more than doubled the wealth gap; by 2013, they had seven times as much wealth as middle-income families.
Trends in income
Households in all income tiers experienced gains in income from 1970 to 2014. But the gains for middle- and lower-income households lagged behind the gains for upper-income households.
The median income of upper-income households increased from $118,617 in 1970 to $174,625 in 2014, or by 47%. That was significantly greater than the 34% gain for middle-income households, whose median income rose from $54,682 to $73,392. Lower-income households fell behind even more as their median income increased by only 28% over this period.
Although 2014 incomes are generally higher than in 1970, all households experienced a lengthy period of decline in the 21st century thanks to the 2001 recession and the Great Recession of 2007-09. The greatest loss was felt by lower-income households, whose median income fell 9% from 2000 to 2014, followed by a 4% loss for middle-income households and a 3% loss for upper-income households.
Trends in wealth
The Great Recession of 2007-09, which caused the latest downturn in incomes, had an even greater impact on the wealth (assets minus debts) of families. The losses were so large that only upper-income families realized notable gains in wealth over the span of 30 years from 1983 to 2013 (the period for which data on wealth are available).11
Before the onset of the Great Recession, the median wealth of middle-income families increased from $95,879 in 1983 to $161,050 in 2007, a gain of 68%. But the economic downturn eliminated that gain almost entirely. By 2010, the median wealth of middle-income families had fallen to about $98,000, where it still stood in 2013.
Upper-income families more than doubled their wealth from 1983 to 2007 as it climbed from $323,402 to $729,980. Despite losses during the recession, these families recovered somewhat since 2010 and had a median wealth of $650,074 in 2013, about double their wealth in 1983.
The disparate trends in the wealth of middle-income and upper-income families are due to the fact that housing assumes a greater role in the portfolios of middle-income families. The crash in the housing market that preceded the Great Recession was more severe and of longer duration than the turmoil in the stock market. Thus, the portfolios of upper-income families performed better than the portfolios of middle-income families from 2007 to 2013. When all is said and done, upper-income families, which had three times as much wealth as middle-income families in 1983, had seven times as much in 2013.
Demographic winners and losers
As the middle has hollowed, some demographic groups have been more likely to advance up the income tiers (winners) while others were more likely to retreat down the economic ladder (losers).
Nationally, the share of adults in the upper-income tier increased from 14% in 1971 to 21% in 2015, a gain of 7 percentage points. Meanwhile, the share of adults in the lower-income tier also rose, from 25% to 29%, an increase of 4 percentage points. The difference – 3 percentage points – is the net gain for American adults. By the same measure, the net gain in economic status varied across demographic groups.12
The biggest winners since 1971 are people 65 and older. This age group was the only one that had a smaller share in the lower-income tier in 2015 than in 1971. Not coincidentally, the poverty rate among people 65 and older fell from 24.6% in 1970 to 10% in 2014.13 Evidence shows that rising Social Security benefits have played a key role in improving the economic status of older adults.14 The youngest adults, ages 18 to 29, are among the notable losers with a significant rise in their share in the lower-income tiers.
The economic status of adults with a bachelor’s degree changed little from 1971 to 2015, meaning that similar shares of these adults were lower-, middle- or upper-income in those two years. Those without a bachelor’s degree tumbled down the income tiers, however. Among the various demographic groups examined, adults with no more than a high school diploma lost the most ground economically.
Winners also include married adults, especially couples where both work. On the flip side, being unmarried is associated with an economic loss. This coincides with a period in which marriage overall is on the decline but is increasingly linked to higher educational attainment.
Gains for women edged out gains for men, a reflection of their streaming into the labor force in greater numbers in the past four decades, their educational attainment rising faster than among men, and the narrowing of the gender wage gap.15
Among racial and ethnic groups, blacks and whites came out winners, but Hispanics slipped down the ladder. Although blacks advanced in income status, they are still more likely to be lower income and less likely to be upper income than whites or adults overall. For Hispanics, the overall loss in income status reflects the rising share of lower-earning immigrants in the adult population, from 29% in 1970 to 49% in 2015. Considered separately, both U.S.-born and foreign-born Hispanics edged up the economic tiers.
Road map to the report
This report divides households into three income tiers – lower income, middle income and upper income – depending on how their income compares with overall median household income. The analysis focuses on changes in the size and demographic composition of the three income tiers and on trends in their economic wellbeing. Unless otherwise noted, incomes are adjusted for household size and scaled to reflect a household size of three.
Households that are in the lower-, middle- or upper-income tier in one year are compared with households that are in one of those tiers in another year. The analysis does not follow the same households over time, and some households that were middle income in one year, say, may have moved to a different tier in a later year. The demographic composition of each income tier may also have changed from one year to the next.
The next section of the report describes the size of the U.S. adult population in each income tier and analyzes how it changed from 1971 to 2015. The lower- and upper-income tiers are also subdivided into two tiers each for a closer examination of the dispersion of the adult population: lowest income, lower-middle income, upper-middle income and highest income.
The report then turns to a demographic analysis of the three main income tiers. First, the report examines how changes in the size of lower-, middle- and upper-income tiers have played out differently across demographic groups. The key demographic breaks include age, marital status, gender, race and ethnicity, nativity, education, occupation and industry. Next, the report briefly examines the demographic composition of the middle-income population and how it compares with the population of adults overall and adults in lower- and upper-income tiers.
The final two sections of the report focus on the economic wellbeing of middle-income households, including how it has changed over time and how it compares with the wellbeing of lower- and upper-income households. The first of these two sections examines trends in household income and the second focuses on family wealth, assets and debts.
“Middle-income” households are defined as those with an income that is two-thirds to double that of the U.S. median household income, after incomes have been adjusted for household size. For a three-person household, the middle-income range was about $42,000 to $126,000 annually in 2014 (in 2014 dollars). Lower-income households have incomes less than two-thirds of the median, and upper-income households have incomes that are more than double the median.
Unless otherwise noted, incomes are adjusted for household size and scaled to reflect a household size of three. Adults are placed into income tiers based on their household income in the calendar year previous to the survey year. Thus, the income data in the report refer to the 1970-2014 period, and the demographic data from the same survey refer to the 1971-2015 period.
Whites, blacks and Asians include only the single-race, non-Hispanic component of those groups. Hispanics are of any race. Asians include Pacific Islanders. Other racial/ethnic groups are included in all totals but are not shown separately.
Adults with a high school education are those who have obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent, such as a General Educational Development (GED) certificate. Adults with “some college” education comprise those completing associate degrees as well as those completing any college at all, including less than one year. Prior to 1990, adults “with at least a college degree” refer to those who completed at least four years of college.
“Unmarried” includes “married, spouse absent,” never married, divorced, separated and widowed. “Married” includes opposite-sex couples only, because trends are not available for same-sex couples. “With children at home” includes adults with at least one biological, adopted or step child of any age in the household.
“Foreign born” refers to people born outside of the United States, Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen, regardless of legal status. The terms “foreign born” and “immigrant” are used interchangeably in this report.
“U.S. born” refers to individuals who are U.S. citizens at birth, including people born in the United States, Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories, as well as those born elsewhere to parents who were U.S. citizens.
The difference between the two population estimates is not statistically significant. ↩
The key data source for the report is the Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplement for 1971 to 2015. In the survey, respondents provide household income data for the previous calendar year. Thus, income data in the report refer to the 1970-2014 period and the demographic data from the same survey refer to the 1971-2015 period. ↩
Incomes are first adjusted for household size. ↩
Council of Economic Advisers (2015). ↩
See Ostry, Berg and Tsangarides (2014), Summers and Balls (2015), Dabla-Norris et al. (2015) and Cingano (2014). ↩
Some researchers, such as Burtless (2015) and Feldstein (2015), make the case that the Current Population Survey data understate household income growth. ↩
See Methodology for the method used to adjust incomes for household size. The median income splits the income distribution into two halves – half the households earn less than the median and half the households earn more. The median is not affected by extreme highs and lows in reported incomes. It is also not affected by changes in the top codes assigned to income values in the public use versions of the source data, the Current Population Survey. ↩
All dollar figures in the report are expressed in 2014 prices. ↩
Unless otherwise noted, incomes are adjusted for household size and converted to reflect a household size of three. ↩
The shrinking share of adults in middle-income households also plays a role in this transfer of aggregate income. ↩
The data on wealth are from the Survey of Consumer Finances and pertain to families, not households. Although often the same, the two are slightly different units of analysis as explained in Methodology. Wealth is not adjusted for family size. ↩
An increase in a group’s share that is upper income or a decrease in a group’s share that is lower income signals an improvement in economic status. A decrease in a group’s share that is upper income or an increase in a group’s share that is lower income signals a deterioration in economic status. A 1 percentage point increase or decrease in a group’s share that is lower income is given the same weight as a 1 percentage point increase or decrease in the group’s share that is upper income. ↩
U.S. Census Bureau (Table 3). ↩
Engelhardt and Gruber (2004). ↩
Pew Research Center (2013). ↩
Next: 1. The hollowing of the American middle class Next Page → ← Prev Page
Appendix B: Demographics of adults in lower-, middle- and upper-income tiers
Appendix C: Industry and occupation
Interactive: Are you in the American middle class?
1. The hollowing of the American middle class
2. Changes in income status vary across demographic groups
3. Middle-income adults largely reflect the nation's demographics
4. Middle class incomes fall further behind upper-tier incomes
5. Wealth gap between middle-income and upper-income families reaches record high
Appendix A: References
ReportsDec 9, 2015
InteractivesSep 6, 2018
InteractivesMay 11, 2016
ReportsApr 23, 2013
A Rise in Wealth for the Wealthy; Declines for the Lower 93%
ReportsAug 22, 2012
The Lost Decade of the Middle Class
Economics and Personal Finances
Socioeconomic Class
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Pfizer, Warner-Lambert agree to merge
Pharmaceutical Representative
Pfizer Inc., New York, and Warner-Lambert Co., Morris Plains, NJ, announced they have entered into a definitive merger agreement. The combined company will have annual revenues of approximately $28 billion, including $21 billion in prescription pharmaceutical sales.
"By combining two world-class organizations to create the fastest-growing, major pharmaceutical company in the world, we are positioned for global leadership in the discovery of new medicines that will benefit millions of patients around the world," said William C. Steere, Jr., chairman and chief executive officer of Pfizer.
Originally, Warner-Lambert had planned to join with American Home Products, Madison, NJ, (see Pharmaceutical Representative, Jan. 2000), but due to Warner-Lambert's decision to merge with Pfizer, that agreement has been terminated. To compensate them, Warner-Lambert is paying American Home Products a $1.8 billion "break-up" fee.
"The unwavering goal of our Board of Directors has been to secure the best possible transaction for Warner-Lambert shareholders and the current Pfizer merger terms achieve that goal," said Lodewijk J.R. de Vink, Warner-Lambert's chairman, president and chief executive officer. "Our two organizations, having worked together for several years to achieve the unprecedented success of Lipitor, will bring the same energy and intensity to achieving the most rapid and seamless integration of the two companies."
Lipitor has been co-promoted by Warner-Lambert and Pfizer since 1996. This year, Lipitor is expected to exceed $5 billion in worldwide sales and a spring introduction is planned in Japan.
"Through our Lipitor partnership, we've gained a deep appreciation for Warner-Lambert's commitment to quality and innovation in healthcare. Our conviction that Warner-Lambert is the right partner for us has only been strengthened as we have explored the complementary nature of our companies," said Dr. Henry McKinnell, president and chief operating officer of Pfizer.
De Vink will remain chairman and CEO of Warner-Lambert until closing. He has made a personal decision not to be an executive in the company after the closing.
The combined research and development operations of the company, headed by Pfizer Vice Chairman Dr. John F. Niblack, will have a worldwide scientific staff of over 12,000 and $4.7 billion in annual R&D expenditures in 2000.
Corporate headquarters of the combined company will remain in New York, but the Warner-Lambert Consumer Health Care Division, along with the other consumer businesses and selected additional functions, will be located at Warner-Lambert's offices in Morris Plains, NJ. The worldwide and U.S. pharmaceutical division headquarters will be in New York with operational support functions in both New York and Morris Plains. The transaction, which is expected to close in mid-2000, is subject to customary conditions, including the use of pooling-of-interests accounting, shareholder approval at both companies and governmental and regulatory approvals.
Beside the breakup fee payment, all litigation among American Home Products, Warner-Lambert and Pfizer has been discontinued and American Home Products' option to purchase Warner-Lambert shares has been rescinded. PR
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Show Me the Money: Exploring Physician Incentive Compensation
Pharmaceutical Executive
A new report from ZS Associates explores the efficacy and impact of physician incentive compensation on the delivery of quality care; when incentives fall short, so can patient outcomes
A new report from ZS Associates explores the efficacy and impact of physician incentive compensation on the delivery of quality care; when incentives fall short, so can patient outcomes.
Pharm Exec has discussed at length how gifts and incentives offered to physicians from pharma companies have affected prescribing habits, the integrity of healthcare, and the health outcomes of patients. What we haven’t discussed so far is how another type of physician incentives-called incentive compensation, or IC-can impact pharma and public health overall.
IC is an incentive-based portion of the salary of many physicians, from those who work in hospitals to those in group practices. The incentives are typically offered by payers-insurance companies-or by the hospitals or healthcare provider organizations themselves. Why? Because if payers and provider organizations can motivate physicians to achieve certain healthcare outcomes or reach certain goals, everyone comes up a winner. Improved health outcomes lead to lower costs for providers and patients, right?
The problem, however, at least according to a new survey and report from global consulting firm ZS Associates-“Incentives for Health Professionals”-is that the current IC system often doesn’t reward quality of care, but instead rewards quantity of care. This topic of physician incentives is now being extensively researched by the industry, utilizing all the new software information technologies coming downstream. “You can see from our study that the biggest and most common incentive by far is volume of care delivered,” says Angela Bakker Lee, one of the report’s authors and managing principal for the healthcare service providers practice at ZS Associates. “A volume metric is based on the number of times you see patients or perform a certain procedure. More quantity of care delivered by you-gives you a bigger bonus today.” The catch-22 is this: If the current IC system rewards volume of care, but the real goal in terms of patient outcomes is to turn out healthy patients who don’t need subsequent office visits, procedures, and hospital admissions, then the IC system as it is now may actually be counterproductive and could even be sabotaging public health. “It does reinforce this perverse incentive around delivering more care. You don’t want to be rewarding people for multiple visits or treatments that might not be necessary,” says Bakker Lee.
Where does pharma come in? Patient adherence to medications can improve health outcomes, which can in turn result in fewer necessary office visits, tests, and procedures. Pharma needs to be aware of what motivates physicians in the care they provide, and what effect those physician behaviors are having on their customer base-the patients. Pharma, too, is facing a catch-22, wanting to contribute positively to patient outcomes, yet stuck in a situation where optimal efficacy of its products may lead to fewer IC opportunities for physicians. It’s a vicious cycle. “The quality of the work I do depends upon having enough time to spend with patients. To be pushed into seeing more patients in a day compromises the care that I can offer … and does not necessarily help with the outcome measures that the organization hopes I will be able to achieve,” explains one healthcare specialist in the ZS report.
The incentives come from payers, often to the group practice or hospital the physician works for, and then trickles down to the individual practitioner. The group practice or hospital will qualify for an incentive based on the contract they’ve worked out with the payer. For the most part, payers have-and want-no involvement in determining how those incentives are broken up to individuals: “I absolutely refuse to have any discussions about distribution between individual providers because I don’t want to get blamed for the way they’re distributing their funds … Getting involved would be the worst thing anyone could ever do,” says one payer in the report. “It’s their decision whether to disseminate. We have absolutely no idea how much the individual providers get,” says another. When the payments do finally reach the HCPs, it’s often in a lump bonus at the end of each year. “Essentially there’s multiple ways that these incentives are coming into play,” says Bakker Lee, “and what we’ve found by and large is that often physicians aren’t even aware of these incentives that they qualify for, or what they’re being paid, or what they’re really eligible for or being compensated for at the end of the year.”
But switching the metrics needed to achieve IC-from value-based to quality-based care delivery-is only the first step in overhauling the incentive compensation system, says Bakker Lee; several other issues need addressing as well. “There’s [already] a lot of attention being paid to fixing the metrics,” she says. “What we’re calling out in the study and what was a bit of a shock to us was not just that the metrics needed to evolve [away from volume] -we expected to find that-but the shock was finding that the design and the administration of the incentives is pretty far from what we would call best practices.” For example, she says, the actual amount of IC payout that an individual healthcare provider receives is often just way too low to be noticed; far below what Bakker Lee refers to as the “awareness threshold.” According to the study, although up to 85 percent of HCPs have some form of incentive in their compensation, fewer than one-fourth report that they actually receive incentives today. For example, although other studies have reported that group practices pay 18 percent to 31 percent of total compensation to individual HCPs in the form of an incentive, this is not what individual doctors and nurses perceive to be the case, as shown in the ZS survey. In this study, only 22 percent of respondents reported that they received an incentive payment-that’s a huge perception gap. And of those who are aware of any incentive payment, 30 percent of individual HCPs do not find their current IC motivating.
So where’s the disconnect? “Bonuses are not significant enough at this stage in my life; unfortunately it is hard to increase revenues when MDs are singled out as the cause of rising medical costs,” says one primary care physician in the survey. Another adds, “The actual dollar amount received is rather insignificant.” Bakker Lee says that the IC “has to be worthy of being noticed-it can’t just be a little footnote on their compensation. Based on our assessment of the data from the report, it needs to rise above the 10 or 15 percent threshold,” she advises. Of course, in an industry as notoriously strapped for cash as healthcare, Bakker Lee recognizes that to expect the ability to throw more money at the problem would be “naïve.” Instead, she insists, it’s a matter of reallocation. “Where might it do the most good?” She asks. “Let’s not waste money. Let’s focus the money in the right areas, to make sure it rises above the awareness threshold. Let’s look at what we’re paying and how we’re paying it, and realize that it may be better to concentrate it. We may be spreading it out too thin for it to have an impact.”
Another problem with the current IC system, she says, is the lack of effective communication to the HCPs-about what metrics they’re striving for, and about how they’re doing in terms of reaching those metrics. The overall tone of HCPs gleaned from the report is one of frustration: “The metrics for determining who receives incentives/bonus checks and how much has never been clear,” says one physician in the report. “I am not kept informed on my progress towards my goal. I find myself constantly inquiring from the organization as to what my projected dates are for achieving my bonus,” agrees another. One specialist, perhaps, sums it up best: “It is a complicated formula and I don’t get updates. It is very frustrating. I basically work as hard as I can-and if there is extra money at the end of the year-then that’s great.”
One potential bridge to close this communication gap between payers and physicians is a monthly or quarterly “pulse-check,” asserts Bakker Lee. “If you notice your incentive scheme only once a year, it’s not a very effective incentive scheme.” The increasing availability of electronic health records (EHR) will go a long way in making more regular metric pulse-checks a reality, she says. “It’s only logical that if we offer the incentive payouts and updates more frequently, HCPs will become more aware of them-then it’s a natural, logical result that they can then act on those metrics-and we will get the [quality of care] measures that we want as an outcome.” While Bakker Lee acknowledges that some HCPs receive occasional email alerts if they’ve missed a quality metric, she says it would be far more effective to send out quarterly or monthly scorecards that show where physicians stand in terms of meeting their metrics, and perhaps how they compare to their peers. “That’s much more effective, but today it’s rare,” she says. In addition to frequency of messaging, she says, clarity of messaging is key: “If you’re going to pay incentives, you want to make sure they’re well understood by the audience you’re trying to reach.”
The ideas put forth in this study-using physician incentives to encourage quality over quantity of care, and delivering those incentives effectively-might be familiar to you if you’ve been following the development of ACOs. ACOs began as a Center for Medicaid/Medicare (CMS) initiative by which hospitals and physicians could share in the cost savings-in the form of bonuses-that resulted from achieving quality-care metrics. And this model for improved patient outcomes and decreased spending has been picking up steam, being adapted by private insurers as well. While Bakker Lee recognizes the similarities in the philosophies between ACOs and the IC system-changes the ZS Associates report proposes, she explains that the two are not always inextricably linked-that is, you need physician incentive compensation for an effective ACO, but you don’t need ACOs to develop effective physician IC plans. “The two are definitely aligned,” she says. “If you think about what ACOs do, throughout the country where they’re being used, they’re a way to reduce cost and improve quality.” However, she says, “I don’t think an effective IC plan requires an ACO model. You can have a hospital or provider organization operating on its own, not part of an ACO, that uses incentives to gain more leverage and have more influence on the goals they want to achieve as an organization. Incentives on their own, without the rest of the ACO structure, are a powerful motivation for change.”
When you think about leveraging physician IC in the most effective way to bring about changes, says Bakker Lee, “We all have too much at stake in the healthcare system-either as taxpayers or individuals paying our premiums-to leave the system as it is.” Pharma, too, she says, ought to keep a close eye on IC deliveries and changes. “To the extent that the goals of the payer and provider organizations align with the goals of the pharma companies-and one obvious place where that’s true is around medication adherence-then you can look at incentives as something that benefits both. We’ll see the benefits because as these changes take effect, we’re going to see improvements in quality, reduction in cost, and improvements in customer satisfaction-the key is finding where the goals and incentives are aligned. I think that where they are, there’s a natural connection and an alliance that can be formed.”
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The Phillies may have too many holes to fix at trade deadline
Gabe Kapler (left) hopes that general manager Matt Klentak (right) will upgrade his roster in the coming weeks. (Kyusung Gong, Cliff Welch/Icon Sportswire)
It’s July 2. The August waiver trading period has been scrapped, so July 31 is no longer the non-waiver trade deadline, it’s the trade deadline.
The Philadelphia Phillies are very much in the National League Wild Card race, and – at least by the standards of 2007 – they remain within striking distance in the National League East.
With less than a month until the trade deadline, trade rumors and speculation should be beginning to heat up – but it’s not that simple with the 2019 Phillies.
A win Sunday allowed the Phillies to avoid being swept by the last place Miami Marlins, which they were last weekend in Philadelphia. In between those two series with the Fish, the Phillies swept Mickey Callaway’s dysfunctional New York Mets in four games. They won all four in come-from-behind-fashion, which was encouraging, but probably not sustainable.
There’s certainly a case to be made that Phillies general manager Matt Klentak should be aggressive in pursuing upgrades this month as the Phillies look to reach the postseason for the first time since 2011. But to what degree Klentak should go all in on the 2019 Phillies is a discussion worth having, and one without an easy answer.
After the Phillies added Bryce Harper, J.T. Realmuto, Jean Segura and Andrew McCutchen this off-season, the thought was they would be able to hit their way into the playoffs. But even at the outset of the 2019 season, one thing was pretty clear: to make the playoffs, and certainly to make a deep run, the Phillies would need to add another front-line starter to pair with Aaron Nola. That turned out to be an oversimplified projection of what the Phillies need to add to their starting rotation this month to even win a Wild Card spot.
Nola has struck out 20 batters over his last two outings, so there’s hope that after a very slow start to the 2019 season, the righty is rounding into the form diplayed in 2018 when he posted a 5.4 fWAR and finished third in NL Cy Young Award voting. But Nola, 26, hasn’t provided the elite starting pitching at the top of the rotation that the Phillies anticipated in 2019, and, as expected, there hasn’t been much in the way of stability behind him.
Zach Eflin has thrown two complete games in 2019 and has been the Phillies best pitcher thus far. But Eflin has a 4.41 FIP and 4.71 xFIP, which suggests that the 3.34 ERA he has through 16 starts isn’t indicative of what’s to come. A year ago, the 25-year-old right-hander went 7-2 with a 3.15 ERA before the All-Star Break, before going 4-6 with a 5.76 ERA in the second-half of the season, a half where the Phillies collapsed. The fact that he’s outperformed his peripherals in 2019 suggests he could see similar regression in the second-half of this season.
Jake Arrieta cruised through the first five innings of the Phillies win Sunday, before allowing a towering three-run home run off the bat of Jorge Alfaro in the sixth inning. It didn’t matter given that he entered that inning with a nine-run lead, but he has a 4.43 ERA in over 100 innings in 2019. The former National League Cy Young Award winner hasn’t been close to being an effective middle-of-the-rotation starter.
Nick Pivetta, who the Phillies hoped would take a major step forward in 2019, has a 5.63 ERA and 5.79 FIP in 10 starts in 2019. His season, by just about any way of looking at things, has been a disaster so far. That assessment perhaps leaves out the context that Pivetta was optioned to Triple-A Lehigh Valley in mid-April, spent over a month there and initially looked really good after returning to the major league level.
After posting a 1.80 ERA in his first three starts after being recalled – including throwing a complete game against the Cincinnati Reds on June 8 – Pivetta has allowed seven home runs and posted a 7.13 ERA in his last three outings. The Phillies can hope that things click for Pivetta in the second-half of 2019, but to bank on it would seem to be a mistake.
And the No. 5 spot in the Phillies rotation – whether it’s been filled by Vince Velasquez, Cole Irvin or Enyel De Los Santos – has been a black hole. Every fifth game has turned into a likely loss where manager Gabe Kapler is forced to exhaust his bullpen.
It remains true that to reach the postseason and to be able to do any damage in October, the Phillies need another front-line arm. But that notion assumes that Nola, who has a 4.22 ERA and 4.16 FIP in 2019, will pitch like an ace from here on out. Even if he does, it’s almost impossible to make the case that the Phillies are one ace-caliber pitcher away from being assured a postseason spot, let alone being able to make a run in the National League playoffs.
It’s probably a flawed line of thinking to suggest that at this stage of his career, Madison Bumgarner – who has a 4.21 ERA and 4.16 FIP in 17 starts in 2019 – is going to move out of playing his home games at Oracle Park and help push a team over the top. Even if the soon-to-be 30-year-old lefty could be the missing link for a team that’s one piece away from being a World Series contender, the Phillies don’t fit that description.
The Phillies need multiple starting pitchers – a front-line arm and a back-end innings eater, at least – and even then have needs elsewhere. Going all-in on a rental at this juncture would seem to be malpractice for the Phillies, who are thin on desirable prospect depth.
Toronto Blue Jays RHP Marcus Stroman and Detroit Tigers LHP Matthew Boyd are among the controllable starters that could be had this summer, but unless the Phillies get really hot in the coming weeks, making a trade like that is becoming harder to justify. Sure, the Phillies could acquire a controllable starter knowing that they are in the playoff mix this season, and even if they don’t ultimately reach the postseason, they’ll control said arm for at least another season.
The Texas Rangers did that with Cole Hamels in July of 2015 and ultimately stormed back to win the American League West. There’s that side of things, but there’s also the possibility that the Phillies trade for a controllable starter that suffers a major injury in the second-half of the 2019 season and they look foolish for pushing their chips to the center of the table in a year where they probably weren’t going to make the postseason anyway.
If it becomes clear in the coming weeks that the Phillies are probably just competing to reach the one-game Wild Card playoff in the National League, they may hold off on diving head first into the market for controllable arms until this offseason.
Even if the Phillies land a front-line arm – be it a rental or a controllable starter – Pivetta and Arrieta would remain in the rotation. As outlined above, there’s reason to think Eflin may struggle in the second-half of the season, at least relative to how he’s pitched so far.
The Phillies are two arms away from having a playoff-caliber rotation, meaning someone like Reds righty Tanner Roark could be of interest. Roark, the long-time National, is having a bounce-back season in his first year out of D.C., and given that he’s only a rental, the cost likely won’t be prohibitive. That would be the difference between a rental like Bumgarner and Roark – who has a 3.36 ERA and 3.47 FIP in 16 starts. Even if the Phillies opt to just tweak around the edges at the trade deadline, like they did a year ago, Roark may make sense.
Here’s another issue: 14 relatively meaty paragraphs were just used to discuss the issues in the Phillies starting rotation alone. Certainly, the Phillies have areas of need in their starting lineup and in the bullpen as well.
Scott Kingery has perhaps been the Phillies most valuable position player this season, but if you told the Phillies at the outset of the season that Kingery was hitting over .320 more than halfway though the year, the thought likely would have been that he would have usurped Cesar Hernandez as the starting second baseman.
That’s not even a consideration, though. The combination of Odubel Herrera’s arrest, Andrew McCutchen’s season-ending ACL tear and an inconsistent at-best offensive season from Maikel Franco has pushed Kingery into the super-utility role that the Phillies envisioned him playing a year ago.
It’s great to have a player capable of filling that role. But Kingery has seen meaningful time in center field, left field and at third base, and he can only play one of those positions at a time. He’s illuminated a need for the Phillies to add at least one more everyday player, assuming the organization doesn’t expect outfielder Adam Haseley and No. 1 prospect Alec Bohm (who just got to Double-A Reading) to be productive starters in the second-half of the season.
As far as the bullpen, the Phillies may just choose to bank on internal options getting healthy, whether they are aggressive at the trade deadline or just make some smaller additions.
Tommy Hunter made his first two appearances of the season over the weekend in Miami. Adam Morgan has been off the injured list for nearly 10 days, but he has allowed six runs to cross the plate in four appearances.
David Robertson hasn’t appeared in a game since mid-April, but he completed his first bullpen session Sunday and is targeting a return at the end of July. Seranthony Dominguez avoided Tommy John Surgery by receiving a platelet rich plasma injection in his right elbowin mid-June. The Phillies are hoping for an update on Dominguez’s status later this week.
The Phillies bullpen has been ravaged by injuries in 2019, and has a 4.79 ERA as a unit in 2019 after a brutal month of June. There’s some light at the end of the tunnel, but still quite a bit of moving parts for a bullpen that was seen as a potential bright spot entering the season. A notable external addition isn’t likely, but it sure couldn’t hurt.
Tuesday, the Phillies will open up a crucial three-game series in Atlanta, who they trail in the National League East. They’ll round out the first half of the regular season by visiting the Mets for three games next weekend before the All-Star Break. After the All-Star Break, the Phillies will host the Washington Nationals for three games, before welcoming the National League-best Los Angeles Dodgers for four games.
That 13-game stretch, which includes the four-day All-Star Break in the middle, may decide just how aggressive the Phillies are before July 31. But the feeling here is that there are quite a few holes to fill, without a ton of resources to move and a team that hasn’t yet done enough to convince anyone that they’re worth making major additions to.
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Open enrollment season is a critical time for any human resources department. Employers put plenty of effort into developing the right benefits package to meet the needs of their unique workforce. But even the best benefits program would fail to reach its full potential if it’s not communicated properly in order for employees to see its true value and make the right decisions.Read more >
Financial Wellness: Holistic Education Programs
Honing in on the term ‘financial wellness,’ the day two panel at the PLANSPONSOR National Conference concerning well-rounded programs discussed how plan sponsors can offer holistic materials and value to participants—beyond education.Read more >
Retirement Income Products and Solutions
Defined contribution (DC) plan sponsors have been hesitant to adopt retirement income products and solutions, but changes may be coming to spur more innovation in the industry to address their concerns.Read more >
Trends in Fund Lineup Construction
Investment returns in the next 10 to 15 years are projected to be about half of what they were in the preceding two decades, Sean Lewis, vice president and investment strategist for BlackRock, warned attendees of the 2017 PLANSPONSOR National Conference. The panel all agreed that, widely speaking, the DC retirement planning industry continues to migrate toward streamlined and simplified investment menus—especially the “three-tiered” approach.Read more >
Yesterday, the Dow closed 36.30 points (0.17%) lower at 21,235.67, the NASDAQ fell 32.45 points (0.52%) to 6,175.46, and the S&P 500 was down 2.38 points (0.10%) at 2,429.39. The Russell 2000 lost 2.49 points (0.18%) to finish at 1,419.21, and the Wilshire 5000 decreased 24.46 points (0.10%) to 25,270.99.
The price of the 10-year Treasury note was down 4/32, increasing its yield to 2.214%. The price of the 30-year Treasury bond decreased 9/32, bringing its yield up to 2.870%.
Sponsored message from Milliman
Imagine a retirement plan with predictable contributions and lifelong income. Sound impossible? We’re actuaries – we’ll show you the math.Read more >
The Internal Revenue Service has published its list of pre-approved prototype and volume submitter 403(b) plan documents.Read more >
Learning from Litigation
It is not always possible, even for the most carefully run retirement plans, to avoid getting dragged into Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) litigation, and so having a clear response plan in place is essential.Read more >
An Inside View of the DOL
The Department of Labor (DOL)’s fiduciary rule, now in effect, is still likely not the final rule. That’s according to Timothy D. Hauser, deputy assistant secretary for Program Operations of the DOL’s Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA), who spoke to attendees of the 2017 PLANSPONSOR National Conference. The agency is still looking for ways to streamline and improve its new fiduciary rule, even though most provisions are now in effect.Read more >
ON THIS DATE: In 1777, the Marquis de Lafayette arrived in the American colonies to help with their rebellion against the British. In 1825, Walter Hunt patented the safety pin. Hunt then then sold the rights for $400. In 1888, the U.S. Congress created the Department of Labor. In 1912, Captain Albert Berry made the first successful parachute jump from an airplane in Jefferson, Mississippi. In 1920, the U.S. Post Office Department ruled that children may not be sent by parcel post. In 1951, U.N. troops seized Pyongyang, North Korea. In 1966, the landmark Miranda v. Arizona decision was issued by the U.S. Supreme Court. The decision ruled that criminal suspects had to be informed of their constitutional rights before being questioned by police. In 1967, Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1979, Sioux Indians were awarded $105 million in compensation for the U.S. seizure in 1877 of their Black Hills in South Dakota. In 1994, a jury in Anchorage, Alaska, found Exxon Corp. and Captain Joseph Hazelwood to be reckless in the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
TRIVIAL PURSUITS: What is the difference between pigeons and doves?Read more >
Share the news with a friend! Pass the NewsDash along—and tell your friends/associates they can sign up for their own copy.Read more >
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Home Asbestos Asbestos-Related Diseases
Medically Reviewed
Asbestos exposure increases the risk of several diseases. These conditions range from mild to severe and include asbestosis, mesothelioma, pleurisy, lung cancer and other diseases.
Get A Free Treatment Guide
Conditions Caused by Asbestos
How Asbestos Causes Disease
Who Gets Asbestos-Related Diseases?
Short-Term Asbestos Exposure
Secondary Asbestos Exposure
Pleural Thickening
Lung Cancer from Asbestos
The Family Caregiver’s Guide to Lung Cancer
Occupational Asbestos Exposure
Products Containing Asbestos
Asbestos Exposure Across the U.S.
Asbestos Manufacturers
Written By: Snehal Smart, M.D. Medical Doctor & Patient Advocate
Last Updated: September 11, 2020.
What Diseases Can Be Caused by Asbestos?
The most serious asbestos-related disease is malignant mesothelioma, a cancer of the thin layer of tissue surrounding the lungs.
However, people exposed to asbestos are at increased risk of developing other conditions.
Conditions Caused by Asbestos Exposure
Pleural scarring and thickening
Pleural plaques
The most common asbestos-related diseases include mesothelioma, asbestosis, lung cancer, pleural plaques and pleural thickening.
How Does Asbestos Cause Disease?
Researchers believe several factors contribute to how asbestos triggers cells to become damaged.
Long, thin fibers of the mineral are inhaled and work their way through the lungs. They lodge in the pleura, which is the membrane lining of the chest cavity and layer of tissue that surrounds the lungs.
Once stuck in the pleura, these fibers cause:
Genetic mutations (changes)
Production of abnormal cellular proteins
Free radical (oxidation) damage to the tissue
A 2018 study published in Frontiers in Immunology details how asbestos fibers alter immune function. These immune changes promote additional tissue damage and allow cancerous cellular changes to continue unchecked.
With asbestosis, a chronic lung disease, the body has no way to expel inhaled asbestos fibers. The tiny, sharp particles become lodged in the lining of the lungs.
Over time, the body’s immune system responds to the fibers. Immune cells called macrophages try to engulf and remove the fibers, but ultimately they are unsuccessful.
The fibers lead to irritation and inflammation. The continued immune response to the fibers also contributes to the damage and thickening of tissue.
This results in cumulative scarring of the lungs’ air sacs (alveoli), which makes breathing difficult and diminishes lung capacity. It will also take more muscular effort and energy to breathe, contributing to fatigue and weight loss.
Free Mesothelioma Guide
Critical Mesothelioma Information for Patients & Families
Types of Asbestos-Related Diseases
Asbestos-related diseases can range from mild to severe. Most of these conditions are not reversible or curable, but they can be managed with proper medical care.
Asbestos-Related Pleurisy
Pleurisy occurs when layers of the pleura rub against each other. Pleurisy is sometimes referred to as pleuritis. It can cause sharp pain that worsens during breathing.
Asbestos fibers lead to inflammation. Inflamed pleural membranes rub together, causing more inflammation.
This can lead to chest pain with each breath. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, pain in the back and shoulders, cough and fever. Pleurisy can lead to pleural effusion.
Diagram of pleural effusion treatment
Pleural effusion occurs when fluid builds between the layers of the pleura. The fluid can cause pain and make breathing difficult. If enough fluid builds, pain may lessen because the layers of pleura no longer touch, even though breathing continues to worsen.
Large amounts of fluid may compress the lung to the point it partially or completely collapses and breathing becomes extremely difficult. If the fluid becomes infected, this is called an empyema. Fever is common with empyema.
To relieve the uncomfortable symptoms of pleural effusion, a doctor can drain the fluids from the chest. The fluids can then be tested for infection or cancer cells.
With repeated bouts of irritation from asbestos-related inflammation, pleurisy and pleural effusion, the pleura can sustain permanent damage, leading to scarring.
Diffuse pleural thickening occurs with extensive scarring of the pleura. The scarring leads to large areas of thickening on the pleura. This condition is permanent, meaning once it occurs, it cannot be cured or lessened.
This is one of the most common signs of asbestos exposure. While diffuse pleural thickening is not curable, symptoms can be managed with steroids and bronchodilators to ease breathing. This can improve quality of life and make the condition more manageable.
X-ray showing pleural plaques
Pleural plaques are essentially scars affecting the lungs and pleural membranes. These plaques occur when collagen is deposited on the pleura in response to asbestos exposure.
Plaques often do not produce noticeable symptoms and are typically detected only during routine screenings of asbestos-exposed individuals or by chance during X-rays or CT scans taken for other reasons.
There is disagreement among experts on whether pleural plaques increase the risk of mesothelioma. Both conditions are related to asbestos exposure and around half of people regularly exposed to asbestos go on to develop plaques, making the question difficult to answer.
Asbestosis is a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers. It is characterized by scarring in the lungs and shortness of breath. Symptoms can range from mild to severe.
This condition is similar to pleural mesothelioma in that the disease occurs many years to decades after initial asbestos exposure.
The most common symptom of asbestosis is pulmonary fibrosis, which is seen as scarring and thickening of the lungs. These lung changes result in stiffness, so the lungs cannot easily expand and contract, making breathing difficult.
Other symptoms include persistent dry cough, tightness or pain in the chest and loss of weight and appetite.
There is no cure for asbestosis. Your doctor will focus on relieving disease symptoms, improving your quality of life and minimizing progression of the condition.
Asbestos Lung Cancer
There is agreement among asbestos specialists and lung cancer experts that prolonged asbestos exposure contributes to an increased risk of lung cancer.
However, the lung cancer risk from smoking is much higher than the risk associated with asbestos exposure. Only about 4 percent of lung cancer deaths are attributed to asbestos exposure, while 80 percent are linked to cigarette smoking.
The risk of lung cancer significantly increases in people with a history of smoking and heavy asbestos exposure.
Symptoms of lung cancer include shortness of breath, persistent cough, chest pain and hoarseness or wheezing. The five-year survival rate for asbestos-related lung cancer is better compared to pleural mesothelioma.
Ovarian, Stomach and Laryngeal Cancer
Many women have accused Johnson & Johnson of asbestos contamination in their talcum powder products, resulting in ovarian cancer.
Asbestos fibers that cause damage to the lungs and pleura may damage other areas of the body.
Currently, the research is conflicting regarding how much asbestos exposure increases the risk of ovarian, stomach and laryngeal cancers.
Thousands of lawsuits against Johnson & Johnson involve women who allege asbestos contamination in the company’s talc-based products caused their ovarian cancer.
Some juries have sided with the plaintiff, awarding millions of dollars to ovarian cancer victims. Other juries have ruled in favor of talcum powder manufacturers, indicating they did not find the scientific evidence connecting asbestos-contaminated talcum powder to ovarian cancer persuasive.
Regardless of how these legal matters are settled, there is some evidence asbestos exposure may present a small but measurable increased risk of ovarian, stomach and laryngeal cancers.
The majority of asbestos-related diseases occur in people previously employed where heavy and prolonged occupational asbestos exposure occurred.
Working in asbestos mines and processing plants, industrial facilities and shipyards exposed many people to this cancer-causing mineral.
Examples of occupations where asbestos exposure occurred:
Asbestos miners
Boiler operators and pipe fitters
Commercial construction workers
Aircraft and auto mechanics
Railroad and shipyard workers
Asbestos insulation installers and removers
Some family members have experienced secondhand asbestos exposure, which occurs when asbestos fibers are carried home on the clothing or skin of someone who works with the mineral.
Other people have a history of environmental asbestos exposure because they live near mines or naturally occurring asbestos deposits.
Still, the majority of asbestos-related diseases occur in people who have worked with or around asbestos for long periods of time.
https://www.pleuralmesothelioma.com/asbestos/related-diseases/
Written By Snehal Smart, M.D. Medical Doctor & Patient Advocate
Snehal Smart is the Pleural Mesothelioma Center’s in-house medical doctor, serving as both an experienced Patient Advocate and an expert medical writer for the website. When she is not providing one-on-one assistance to patients, Dr. Smart stays current on the latest medical research, reading peer-reviewed studies and interviewing oncologists to learn about advancements in diagnostic tools and cancer treatments.
Medically Reviewed By: Dr. Joanne Getsy
26 Cited Research Articles
Huaux, F. (2018, November 19). Emerging Role of Immunosuppression in Diseases Induced by Micro- and Nano-Particles: Time to Revisit the Exclusive Inflammatory Scenario. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02364/full
Mayo Clinic. (2018, February 6). Diseases & Conditions. Pleurisy. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pleurisy/symptoms-causes/syc-20351863
Mayo Clinic. (2018, March 7). Diseases & Conditions. Asbestosis. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases conditions/asbestosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354637
Lee, L.J. et al. (2018, December 9). Clustering of malignant pleural mesothelioma in asbestos factories: a subgroup analysis in a 29-year follow-up study to identify high-risk industries in Taiwan. Retrieved from https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/12/e021063.long
Paolucci, V. et al. (2018, June 1). Asbestos exposure biomarkers in the follow-up of asbestos-exposed workers. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/indhealth/56/3/56_2017-0125/_article
Falaschi, F. et al. (2018, January). Imaging of malignant pleural mesothelioma: it is possible a screening or early diagnosis program?-a systematic review about the use of screening programs in a population of asbestos exposed workers. Retrieved from http://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/18101/14603
Visonà, S.D. (2018, December 20). Impact of asbestos on public health: a retrospective study on a series of subjects with occupational and non-occupational exposure to asbestos during the activity of Fibronit plant (Broni, Italy). Retrieved from https://www.jphres.org/index.php/jphres/article/view/1519
Abós-Herràndiz, R. et al. (2017). Risk Factors of Mortality from All Asbestos-Related Diseases: A Competing Risk Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crj/2017/9015914/
Yang, X. et al. (2017, October 31). Association between increased small airway obstruction and asbestos exposure in patients with asbestosis. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/crj.12728
Nynäs, P. et al. (2017, June). Cancer Incidence in Asbestos-Exposed Workers: An Update on Four Finnish Cohorts. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5447405/
Kopylev, L. et al. (2015, August). A systematic review of the association between pleural plaques and changes in lung function. Retrieved from https://oem.bmj.com/content/72/8/606.long
Pairon, J.C. et al. (2014, December 15). Asbestos exposure, pleural plaques, and the risk of death from lung cancer. Retrieved from https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.201406-1074OC
Pairon, J.C. et al. (2013, February 20). Pleural plaques and the risk of pleural mesothelioma. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/105/4/293/925337
Ferrante, D. et al. (2017, December). Italian pool of asbestos workers cohorts: mortality trends of asbestos-related neoplasms after long time since first exposure. Retrieved from https://oem.bmj.com/content/74/12/887.long
Camargo, M.C. et al. (2011, September). Occupational exposure to asbestos and ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Retrieved from https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/ehp.1003283
Fortunato, L and Rushton, L. (2015, May 26). Stomach cancer and occupational exposure to asbestos: a meta-analysis of occupational cohort studies. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2014599
Frost, G. et al. (2008, September 2). Occupational exposure to asbestos and mortality among asbestos removal workers: a Poisson regression analysis. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528146/
Kilburn, K.H. (2000, Mar-Apr). Prevalence and features of advanced asbestosis (ILO profusion scores above 2/2). International Labour Office. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00039890009603395
American Cancer Society. (2018, January 4). Key Statistics for Lung Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-small-cell-lung-cancer/about/key-statistics.html
American Cancer Society. (2016, May 16). Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Risk Factors. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-small-cell-lung-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html
Uguen, M. et al. (2017, July). Asbestos-related lung cancers: A retrospective clinical and pathological study. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5492728/
Mazurek, J. et al. (2017, March 3). Malignant Mesothelioma Mortality – United States, 1999-2015. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6608a3.htm
Hsu, T. New York Times. (2018, July 12). Johnson & Johnson Told to Pay $4.7 Billion in Baby Powder Lawsuit. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/12/business/johnson-johnson-talcum-powder.html
Wischhover, C. (2018, December 14). Vox. Johnson & Johnson accused of hiding the asbestos in its baby powder for decades Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/12/14/18141265/johnson-johnson-talc-asbestos-lawsuits-cover-up-stock-price
Bellon, T. Reuters. (2018, October 11). Jury clears J&J of liability in New Jersey talc cancer case Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-johnson-johnson-cancer-lawsuit/jury-clears-jj-of-liability-in-new-jersey-talc-cancer-case-idUSKCN1ML2QF
O’Connell Ferster, A.P. (2017, April 1). Association Between Laryngeal Cancer and Asbestos Exposure: A Systematic Review. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article-abstract/2589835
Pleuralmesothelioma.com partners with medical health professionals, including mesothelioma specialists, oncologists and other health care experts who review our content to ensure medical accuracy and clarity. Physicians’ Review Network Inc., a recognized leader that provides independent medical and occupational reviews in the U.S., also partners with the website.
This Page Was Medically Reviewed By:
Dr. Joanne Getsy
American Board Certified in Internal Medicine
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How Will the Senate’s Coronavirus Stimulus Bill Benefit Pizzerias?
Editor’s note: This story has been updated as of 11:05 p.m., Wednesday, March 25, with quotes from a National Restaurant Association executive.
A Senate bill with bipartisan support would provide relief for many Americans—including restaurant owners and employees—affected by the coronavirus health crisis in the form of substantial increases in unemployment benefits and low-interest loans to small businesses.
Nationwide, restaurants have either been forced to close their dine-in services or have voluntarily shut those services down, sacrificing billions in sales and sending employees home without pay. Others have closed their doors entirely for the short term. Although many restaurant owners, especially in the pizza sector, have found some success offering only delivery and carryout, reduced services and hours of operation will likely hurt their revenue for weeks or months to come.
After considerable haggling and finger-pointing over the past week, Democrats and Republicans, including Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, Minority Leader Chuck Schumer and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, reached an agreement on the bill early on Wednesday morning. The bill would still have to be approved by the House, but media reports indicate Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who collaborated with Schumer throughout the process, intends to fast-track it to approval.
The stimulus deal comes with a price tag of $2 trillion.
The legislation includes direct payments of $1,200 to American adults in the middle class and lower income levels, plus $500 to parents for each child under the age of 17. It also funds a significant expansion of unemployment insurance and provides $350 billion in the form of loans for small businesses impacted by the coronavirus pandemic.
The bill allows small businesses, such as independent pizzerias and other types of restaurants, with fewer than 500 employees to obtain loans of up to $10 million from local Small Business Association (SBA) lenders. Pizzeria owners can use the loans to cover rent, mortgage and payroll expenses, including paid sick, medical or family leave, as well as costs related to group healthcare benefits. Depending on the extent the loans are used to keep employees on the payroll through June 30, 2020, the loans can be forgiven.
The unemployment benefits will be of special interest to fulltime restaurant workers who have suffered job losses or temporary layoffs in the wake of the coronavirus crisis. The bill includes an extended unemployment insurance program that will allow four months of so-called “full pay” rather than the usual three months.
The bill also raises the maximum unemployment benefit by $600 per week in addition to state benefits, which range from an average of $200 to $550, depending on the state, according to CNN. This provision will be applied for up to four months. And the bill would add up to 13 weeks of extended benefits covered by the federal government. Most states currently offer unemployment benefits only for up to half a year, although some offer limited extensions.
Schumer, who pushed for the added unemployment benefits, told CNN the bill provides “unemployment on steroids.” He said it means “the federal government will pay your salary, your full salary, for four months.”
Additionally, the bill would create a pandemic unemployment assistance program to provide benefits for independent contractors, gig economy workers and the self-employed.
As CNN notes, however, it’s unclear how the bill will help part-time workers, who aren’t eligible for any unemployment benefits in some states.
The National Restaurant Association (NRA) last week asked Congress and the President to provide more than $350 billion in targeted relief for the restaurant industry. As the coronavirus pandemic spreads, the NRA forecasts industry sales to decline by $225 billion during the next three months, costing between five million and seven million jobs. It estimated that a three-month shutdown of restaurants would create a total economic impact of $675 billion “since every dollar spent in restaurants generates an additional $2 elsewhere in the national economy.”
After details of the bill were released on March 25, Sean Kennedy, the NRA’s executive vice president of public affairs, praised Trump and leaders in both parties for “crafting a relief bill that gives unique recovery options to the restaurant industry. This measure is an important first step to help restaurants weather the storm, take care of our employees, and prepare for when we are given the signal to open our doors once again.”
As Restaurant Sales and Jobs Decline, President-Elect Biden Promises Targeted Relief
When Can Restaurant Workers Get Vaccinated for COVID-19?
President Trump Calls for Major Changes to New COVID-19 Relief Bill
Study: Indiana Could Lose 41 Percent of Its Restaurants by End of 2020
Study Links Some COVID-19 Outbreaks to Restaurants, Bars in Washington, D.C.
National Restaurant Association Supports Bipartisan Coronavirus Relief Package
Pizzeria operators can get discounted admission to the Nightclub & Bar Show in Las Vegas
5 Easy Ways to Celebrate National Pizza Day
National Pizza Contest Will Award Up to $25,000 In Cash Prizes
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PoliticalToons
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Books and Comments
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A Cat's Story - Surviving the Pandemic
Pets suffer like humans. A short story of a cat during a pandemic. Written by Oscar Cairoli. M.W. Publishing. 2020.
HITLER in der Karikatur 1924 - 1934
HITLER in der Karikatur der Welt 1924 - 1934 mit Kommentaren aus dem by Melzer Verlag. German publication about Hitler done with editorial cartoons and commentary from Hitler's early days. Published in Germany, 1982.
The New Yorker Cartoon Album
The New Yorker Cartoon Album 1975-1985. From the more than seven thousand drawings published in The New Yorker during this decade, the magazine's editors have selected 382 of the best to create this volume. Viking Penguin, Inc. 1985.
Whitney Darrow Jr
Give up? A new cartoon collection by Whitney Darrow, Jr. (August 22, 1909 – August 10, 1999) . Darrow was born in Princeton, New Jersey, where his father Whitney Darrow was founding director of Princeton University Press. Darrow grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut, where he attended Greenwich High School. He graduated in 1931 from Princeton University, where he wrote humor for the Daily Princeton and was art director for the Princeton Tiger Magazine. He honed his craft at Art Student League of New York with instructors including painter Thomas Hart Benton. In his early 20s began selling cartoons to Judge, Life and College Humor. As a 24-year-old in 1933, he sold his first cartoon to The New Yorker, while the magazine, which had been founded in 1925, was still in its infancy. Simon and Schuster, New York, 1966.
Paul Conrad
Conartist by Paul Conrad, 30 years with Los Angeles Times. Conrad began his career as editorial cartoonist with the Denver Post and moved to Los Angeles Times in 1964. He retired in 1993. In addition to three Pulitzer prizes for editorial cartooning, Conrad has been twice honored by the Overseas Press Club, has six times been awarded the National Sigma Delta Chi Award for Political Cartooning, received the University of Southern California Journalism Award in 1972 and has four times been awarded the prestigious Robert F. Kennedy Award for editorial cartooning. Published by Los Angeles Times, 1993.
Pat Oliphant
The Oliphant Book - A cartoon history of our times by Pat Oliphant. Simon and Shuster, New York, 1969. This book, the first published collection of his work, covers a wide range of subjects, touching most of the political and social soft spots of our world, from space to rebellious youth, to the Gauller, the Great Society, firearms and Vietnam. This copy was signed by the author.
OLIPHANT an Informal Gathering - Simon and Shuster, New York, 1978. Patrick Bruce "Pat" Oliphant (born 24 July 1935) is an Australian-born American artist whose career spanned more than sixty years. His body of work as a whole focuses mostly on American and global politics, culture, and corruption; he is particularly known for his caricatures of American presidents and other powerful leaders. Over the course of his long career, Oliphant produced thousands of daily editorial cartoons, dozens of bronze sculptures, as well as a large oeuvre of works on paper and paintings. He retired in 2015. (Reference from Wikipedia). This particular book was signed by Oliphant.
Syd Hoff
Editorial and Political Cartooning, Published by Stravon Educational Press, New York, 1976. Syd Hoff (1912-2004) was a Jewish-American cartoonist and children's book author, best know for his classic early reader Danny and the Dinosaur. At age 18, he sold his first carton to The New Yorker, and eventually sold a total of 571 of them to the publication. He did love Editorial Cartoons and this is the reason for his book.
Guillermo Mordillo
The collected cartoons of Mordillo. Mordillo's creations, his little people, portray a dream life - romantic, heroic, and courageous. He was born in August 4, 1932 and died June 30, 2019. The son of Spanish parents, he spent his childhood in Villa Pueyrredon in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he had an early interest in drawing. Book published by Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. 1971.
Michael Ramirez
Michael Ramirez was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning in 1994 and again in 2008. Ramirez is a Lincoln Fellow and has won almost every major journalism award through his career, including the Sigma Delta Chi Award in 1995, 1997 and many others. Everyone has the Right to my Opinion, Published in 2008 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
CAIROLI
Copyright 2014 -2020 Politicaltoons - RAW , Hey Joe..., Feeling Good Is..., Art on Mini Canvas, Rocket the Dog , Ping & Pong, IslandToons , Cartoonist Island
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Dr. Tasneem Abbasi
Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering
Tasneem Abbasi obtained her BTech and MTech degrees in chemical engineering and environmental engineering, respectively, both in first class with distinction from Pondicherry University. She has also studied for a master’s degree in water and environmental Engineering on a Trilateral Chevening Scholarship at the University of Survey, UK. She subsequently received her Ph.D. from Anna University of Technology. In a professional career spanning 16 years, Dr. Abbasi has published over 120 papers in indexed journals, with over 3400 citations and a Hirsch Index of 31 on SCOPUS. She has authored ten books, has five granted patents besides six undisputed patent claims.
Developing clean and inexpensive technologies for wastewater treatment, solid waste management, nanoparticle synthesis and energy generation; process safety and loss prevention; application of artificial intelligence techniques to assessment environmental impacts
tasneem.abbasi@gmail.com
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Email:tasneem.abbasi@gmail.com
Notable Publications
Abbasi, T., Abbasi, T., Luithui, C., Abbasi, S.A. 2019. Modelling methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy wetlands in India using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Water (Switzerland), 11, doi: 10.3390/w11102169
Abbasi, S.A., Hussain, N., Tauseef, S.M., Abbasi, T. 2018. A novel FLippable Units Vermireactor Train System ─ FLUVTS ─ for rapidly vermicomposting paper waste to an organic fertilizer. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198 917-930.
Hussain, N., Abbasi, T., Abbasi, S.A. 2015. Vermicomposting eliminates the toxicity of Lantana (Lantana camara) and turns it into a plant friendly organic fertilizer. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 298 46-57.
Abbasi, T., Abbasi, S.A. 2012. Is the use of renewable energy sources an answer to the problems of global warming and pollution?. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 42 99-154.
Abdolhamidzadeh, B., Abbasi, T., Rashtchian, D., Abbasi, S.A. 2010. A new method for assessing domino effect in chemical process industry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 182 416-426.
Awards & Achievements
In recognition of contributions to engineering: Best Young Engineer Award, 2014 by the Institution of Engineers, India; Suman Sharma Award for Outstanding Women Engineer, 2014, by the National Design and Research Foundation, India
Awards for presentation/teaching: Best Speaker Award at World Resource Forum, Davos, Switzerland, 2013; Best Teacher Award, PU, 2010-2011, 2018-2019
Scholarships: Trilateral Chevening Scholarship for pursuing masters degree at the University of Surrey (2004-2005); GATE scholarship for pursuing MTech
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The history of tea
Tea legends
Tea traditions
Europe discovers tea
Tea conquers the world
It all began in 2737 BC in China. According to legend, whilst the emperor Shen Nung was boiling water to slake his thirst in the shade of a tree, a light breeze rustled the branches and caused a few leaves to fall. They mixed with the water and gave it a delicate colour and perfume. The emperor tasted it and found it to be delicious. The tree was a wild tea plant: tea was born.
In India, another legend tells of how Prince Dharma was touched by Divine grace and went out to preach the teachings of Buddha in China. To make himself worthy of such a mission, he vowed never to sleep during the nine years of his journey. Towards the end of the third year, however, he was overcome by drowsiness and was about to fall asleep when by chance he plucked a few leaves from a wild tea plant and began to chew them. The stimulating qualities of tea immediately had their effect; Dharma felt much more alert and thereafter attributed the strength he found to stay awake during the six remaining years of his apostolic mission to these leaves.
In Japan the story goes a little differently: after three years Bodhi Dharma, exhausted, ended up falling asleep while he prayed. On awaking, infuriated by his weakness and devastated by his sin, he cut off his eyelids and threw them to the ground. Some years later, on passing the same spot, he saw that they had given birth to a bush that he had never seen before. He tried the leaves and discovered that they had the property of keeping a person awake. He told the people around him about his discovery and tea began to be cultivated in all those places through which he travelled.
Legends aside, it seems that the bush was originally from China, probably from the region around the border between north Vietnam and Yunnan province, and that the drinking of this beverage was first developed by the Chinese.
During the Chinese Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) the drinking of tea evolved into a more popular pastime, moving away from the realm of pharmacology and becoming a refined part of everyday life.
Teahouses came onto the scene and for the first time tea was a source of artistic inspiration: painters, potters and poets created a sophisticated universe around tea, laden with symbolism. One of them, Lu Yu (723-804 AD), drafted the first treatise on tea, Cha Jing or Traditions of Tea, a poetic work in which he describes the nature of the plant and standardises the methods of preparing and drinking the beverage. "One finds, he writes, in the serving of tea the same harmony and order that govern all things."
Tea then was made of compressed briquettes, which were first roasted before being ground to a powder and mixed with boiling water. Some ingredients were then added: salt, spices, rancid butter…. Tea is still taken this way in Tibet today.
During the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) a second school was born that, insofar as the lyricism of its ceremonies and the importance attached to the rules of preparation were concerned, was a precursor to the Japanese Cha No Yu School. The teas used were increasingly refined and fine china began to play a decisive role in the world of tea. The leaves were ground, with a mortar and pestle, to a very fine powder on to which the simmering water was poured. The mixture was then whipped until frothy with a bamboo whisk. Alongside this ritual, reserved for the court, a more widespread consumption of tea was developed, including other social classes. The first unpackaged, loose teas made their appearance and it was therefore possible to meet the growing popular demand.
During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) an imperial decree prohibited the manufacture of compressed tea and tea began to be taken in its present form: a brew in a pot. This new way of enjoying tea influenced the artefacts and accessories that were used in its preparation: it marked the beginning of earthenware and china tea sets. The kettle replaced the tea bottles of the Tang era and the teapot became the ideal receptacle to infuse the tea. Tea was being democratized and it gradually gained a following in every social class, enjoying even greater economic success with the start of the export trade.
In Japan tea appeared in the 7th century AD. On repeated occasions Buddhist monks brought tea plant seeds from China and tried to establish a tea growing culture in their country. However, it wasn't until the 15th century that tea was grown all over the archipelago. Sen No Rikyu (1522-1591 AD) was the first grand teas master: with him tea became a religion, an art and a philosophy. These disciplines were expressed through a complex and highly codified ceremony in which the ideal was to demonstrate the grandeur contained in the smallest everyday acts. "Tea is no more than this, he writes, boil the water, prepare the tea and drink it properly."
From the 10th century onwards, tea was an export of primary importance for China: firstly to other Asian countries and then, starting in the 17th century, to Europe.
In 1606, the first tea chests arrived in Amsterdam in Holland: this was the first known cargo of tea to be registered at a western port. The East Indies Company, a Dutch firm, had close links at the time with the Far East and they maintained a monopoly over the sale of tea until the end of the 1660s, even after the creation, in 1615, of the East India Company, an English competitor. In 1657, Thomas Garraway, the landlord of a coffee house in London, introduced tea on his premises and placed an advert in the local paper which read: "This excellent beverage, recommended by all Chinese doctors, and which the Chinese call 'Tcha', other nations 'Tay' or 'Tee', is on sale at Sultaness Mead close to the Royal Exchange in London."
If the spread of tea at first met strong opposition - it was said to cause men to lose height and good humour, while women lost their beauty - it soon became the basis of a very important trade. At first the privilege of princes, it later became the favourite of all the dandies who frequented the "coffee houses", soon to be re-named "tea houses".
Cromwell imposed a heavy tax on tea just before his death, and it quickly became the subject of a thriving contraband trade. In the 18th century its price became more accessible and tea became a revered national drink.
In France the introduction of tea gave rise to numerous controversies, from 1650 onwards, in medical circles. It therefore became extremely popular. In one of her letters Madame de Sévigné mentions that Madame de la Sablière was the first person to add tea to her milk. Racine was a faithful tea supporter, as was Cardinal Mazarin who drank it to treat his gout.
English and Dutch settlers brought tea to the New World, where it was to play an important role in the history of the United States. The commodity was subject to a very high duty and, in 1773, the inhabitants of Boston decided to boycott its import. On the 16th December they threw the cargo of a vessel anchored in the harbour into the sea: it was this "Boston tea party" that provoked reprisals by the British authorities against the inhabitants of Massachusetts which, in turn, paved the way for the events that led to the War of Independence.
Tea was also the cause of more peaceful confrontations: like those of the " tea clippers ", light sailing ships used to transport tea. In the 19th century the huge demand intensified rivalry between ship-owners: great races took place along the main maritime routes of the East.
The Chinese were the sole producers at the time and imposed their rules: prohibitive prices, limited access to the port of Canton and a refusal to exchange tea for English textiles. To counter this commercial pressure the English decided to illegally introduce opium into China to create dependence - and therefore give them some bargaining power - on the part of their business partner. This was the start of the Opium Wars that would end with Britain annexing Hong Kong in 1842.
By the 19th century China could no longer cope with the ever-increasing western demand and in 1830 the English started to develop tea cultivation in other countries. Tea plantations were started in India in 1834 and in Ceylon in 1857. The Ceylonese plantations at first were purely experimental but, in 1869, after the total destruction of coffee plantations by a parasite, tea became the island's main source of income.
Tea was also planted in other Asian countries that have become important producers; also in ex-British colonies in Africa and, more recently, in Reunion Island and in Argentina.Today, tea is the most drunk beverage in the world after water, we drink about 15,000 cups every second.
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Employment Law Is Made Up Research Paper
Employment Compliance Employment Law For A Limousine Essay
Employment-At-Will Doctrine Whistleblower Policy Employment-At-Will Is Where
Employment-at-Will Doctrine
Employment-at-will is where; an employee employment contract depends on the will of the employer. This means that the employer is free to discharge or fire an employee at his own will. The employer for a "good cause," at no cause at all or bad cause may fire an employee. An employee on the other hand, is free to cease work, quit or strike. In a decision made in the year 2000 by the Supreme Court, an employer has the right to terminate an employee at will for a reason or no reason at all. The employer further may act inconsistently or arbitrarily without providing prior information or warning (Muhl, 2001). This means that the mere existence of an employment contract affords no protective measures by law that employment will end on particular conditions or will continue. This, however, may be so in a case where the…… [Read More]
Muhl, C.J. (2001). Employment-at-Will Doctrine: Three Major Exceptions, The. Monthly
Lab. Rev., 124, 3.
Summers, C.W. (2000). Employment at will in the United States: The divine right of employers. U. Pa. J. Lab. & Emp. L., 3, 65.
Ariana, L.R. (2010). Carpe Diem: Privacy Protection in Employment Act. Akron Law
Employment Laws Encompasses Various Laws Administrative Means
Employment laws encompasses various laws, administrative means and precedents that describe the rights of people who are working in an organization and also restrictions between an employer and employee relationship. According to Blog 2006, these laws are vital as they help the government in achieving its goal of ensuring that the rights of its citizens are well observed. The laws are laid down to prevent employees from being mistreated by their employers.
LAWS TO BE MONITOED CLOSELY
It is so much important for some laws to be monitored closely to avoid a situation where employees are overworked, exposed to hazardous environment or may be employees termed as ineffective without compensation. In my organization there are various laws that must be followed to the letter. Some of these include tattoos in workplace. It is true to say that with time tattoos have gained acceptance in the society but this does not…… [Read More]
Davis, L. (1975). "Five Propositions for Social Responsibility." Business Horizons June: 19-24.
Milkovich, George T., and Jerry M. Newman (2005). Compensation. 8th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Henderson, Richard (2003) Compensation Management in a Knowledge-Based World. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
Davis, L. (1975). "Five Propositions for Social Responsibility." Business Horizons June
Employment at Will Doctrine
Employment-at-will doctrine is a term used in the labor law referring to a contractual relationship where an employer can dismiss an employee for any reason and without a warning. When a worker is recognized as being hired based on the employment-at-will doctrine, the court does not grant the employee any claim for loss associated with the dismissal. This rule has been justified by the fact that employees may similarly leave a job without giving a reason or warning (Miller & Cross, 2010). In fact, the employer has the authority to dismiss a person for any bad or good cause or even no cause. Similarly, the employee is also at will to cease work, strike or quit. For an employee to challenge a dismissal successfully, the victim must have established that his status was not at will or the dismissal was wrongful. If employers enter into a formal employment, contract with…… [Read More]
Cross, F.B., Miller, R.L.R., & Cross, F.B. (2009). The legal environment of business: Text and cases: ethical, regulatory, global, and e-commerce issues. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Miller, R.L.R., & Cross, F.B. (2010). The legal environment today: Business in its ethical, regulatory, e-commerce, and global setting. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
The purpose of this research report is to find out the employment laws which are most important to be considered for a Human esource Department. This research also aims to provide the solutions to avoid the litigation in hiring and firing processes.
The role of a Vice President in the H department brings along a number of responsibilities. One of the most important is to make sure that all the employment laws which are in place must be monitored properly in order to run the organization smoothly. In my organization I consider the laws related to the working hours as most important amongst all the employment laws. The maximum working hour time for an employee should not exceed 48 hours in a day. Apart from this, an employee cannot work more than 11 hours straight without taking a break. An employee is not allowed to work for seven…… [Read More]
Mark A. Rothstein, Andria S. Knapp & Lance Liebman, Cases and Materials on Employment Law (New York: Foundation Press, 1987), 738.
Lipsig, Ethan; Mary C. Dollarhide (1996). Downsizing: Law and Practice. Washington, DC: BNA Books. pp. 14 -- 35.
Clyde W. Summers, Employment At Will in the United States: The Divine Right of Employers, 3 U. Pa. J. Lab. & Emp. L. 65 (2002)
Muhl, Charles (January 2001), "The employment-at-will doctrine: three major exceptions." Monthly Labor Review. Retrieved 2006-03-20.
Employment Relations
Words: 1480 Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 8674875
CIPD Employment relations Survey Report 2011
It has been noticed that the relationship between the unions and the management is usually positive. According to a survey approximately 55%of the respondents said that they have a positive relationship, there were 30% who described the relationship as neither negative nor positive and 15% said that they had negative relationship with the unions.
However, it has been noticed that since the last Employment Relation survey conducted by the CIPD in the summers of 2008 there has been a decrease in the number of people saying that they have a negative relation with the union. It can also be seen from the fact that 69% of the people said that they have positive relations while only 9% said that they have negative relation with the union.
About 50% of the people who responded, described their relations with union officials and managers as…… [Read More]
With regards to the declining trade union representation, it is often said that freedom mostly progresses in a very faltering fashion with a step backward for every two steps forward. But in the case of the freedom of association it is very evident from the facts that have been mentioned above that this is not a passing phase rather these restrictions might stay there if something isn't done about them. It can be clearly noted that only the countries that are very rich in natural resources or are involved in the global have seen the decline in the associational rights (ICFTU, 2006).
On a general note -- with regards to union policies at the national level -- both the European trade unions as well as the ones in United States should play a more important role in helping and supporting these unions which are under a lot of pressure and are publicizing the incidents of abuse being done to the workers. The democratic governments should make sure that they bring up the topic of the repression of associational rights at all the relevant international forums consistently such as; the UN Human Rights Council and also the regional entities like the OSCE and OAS. Lastly the methods that are being employed by the majority of companies in suppressing their workforce and ultimately the civil society should be differentiated by the democratic community along with the decline that is occurring in the associational rights of the workers (Kirchner, Pascal and Michael, 2010).
With regards to trust issues and lack of understanding of corporate vision and strategy, educational programs need to be created that inform the workforce about various business policies and processes. Lastly, union representatives need to be present -- regardless of whether that representation comes in the form of stand-alone non-union representatives or joint consultative committees -- to allow peaceful resolution of all labor disputes.
mployment Discrimination
Wanted: experienced technical writer and manager sought to write, rewrite and/or edit technical documents. This job entails managing a technical writing team in charge of creating all new documentation for a newly developed architecture software. These documents include: procedure manuals, user manuals, service manuals, for use by consumers and professionals who use the product. The successful applicant will have a seven plus year background in technical writing and a bachelor of science degree in: technical writing, electrical engineering, computer science, or a related field or a three-year background in one of the related fields along with a Master's degree in technical writing. xperience accepted in lieu of a degree in a related field, but all applicants must have at least a bachelor's degree. Candidates will observe the performance of and be taught to use a newly designed architecture-based software, and then work with the design team to…… [Read More]
Employers are also forbidden from asking: what country are you from (Giang, 2013)? National origin is a protected category under Title VII. Employers can inquire as to whether a candidate has a legal right to work in the United States, but not questions about country of origin.
Like the above question, employers are prohibited from asking: is English your first language (Giang, 2013)? Because English is taught in all primary schools in the United States, this question could reveal national origin of the applicant or of the applicant's family members. An employer can require English proficiency as part of the job, but may not ask about whether English was an applicant's first language.
One question that most employers do not realize is prohibited is: have you used illegal drugs in the past (Giang, 2013)? They also cannot ask: do you drink (Giang, 2013). Addiction is a protected disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act. Therefore, questions aimed at uncovering a candidate's past substance abuse are not permitted because they could touch
Employment Relations Assess the Impact
Some unions and their federations, however, presently have notable welfare programs, including human services. As of 2007, there were more than 10 million union members in Japan, and the organizational rate was 18.1%. The members were two thirds the number but 1.5 times the rate of those in the United States. Japanese union's mission is to be "maintaining and improving the conditions of work and raising the economic status of workers. Enterprise unionism is traditionally accompanied by lifetime employment and wage and promotion by a seniority system, particularly in large organizations. These three are commonly included in a set as the major characteristics of Japanese industrial relations or personnel management. They are intimately interwoven and confine employees to the internal labor market and strengthen their attachment to enterprises (Akimoto & Sonoda, 2009).
As is the case in other advanced capitalist societies, the trade union movement in Israel has undergone a…… [Read More]
(n.d). Employee relations (ER). Retrieved from XRefer XML database.
Akimoto, T., & Sonoda, Y. (2009). Labor Welfare in Japan: Social Change and Enterprise Unionism. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 24(1/2), 243. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database.
Bridges, W., & Villemez, W. (1991). EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS AND THE LABOR MARKET: INTEGRATING INSTITUTIONAL AND MARKET PERSPECTIVES. American Sociological Review, 56(6), 748-764. Retrieved from SocINDEX with Full Text database.
EMPLOYEE TURNOVER. (2004). In Encyclopedia of Health Care Management, Sage. Retrieved from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/sageeohcm/employee_turnover
Employment Law Policies Employee Policy
The employer has an established protocol for dealing with allegations of sexual harassment, and a sexual harassment complaint triggers protections for the employee. An employee engaging in sexual harassment of any other employees, clients, or business associates of the employer, will be disciplined. Any employee engaging in sexual harassment who has been notified by the victim, a supervisor, or any other employee of the employer, that such conduct is unwanted and harassing, who continues that activity will be subject to immediate termination.
Affirmative action refers to programs aimed at guaranteeing that employers adhere to state and Federal anti-discrimination lawsuits. Some people are concerned that affirmative action programs discriminate against majorities because they impermissibly consider race or gender in the hiring process, a position that is generally rejected by the EEOC. Because this employer has found that it can achieve and maintain a diverse workplace without the use of…… [Read More]
EEOC v. Waffle House, Inc., 122 S. Ct. 754 (2002).
EmployeeIssues.com. "Whistleblower Protection." Retaliation. 2008. EmployeeIssues.com. 22
Jan. 2009 http://employeeissues.com/whistleblower.htm .
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C.S. 2000e et seq.
Employment Laws Fair Labor Standards
For instance, New York fair employment practice is governed by the New York State Human ights Law and bans discrimination on the basis of age, race, creed, complexion, citizenship, disability, gender inclusive of pregnancy and/or marital status. The state law provisions under the Human ights Law regarding disability happened to be a wider compared to the prohibition under the federal laws, however are considerably akin to those under the Americans with Disabilities Act. -- ADA. The state protective scheme of the New York state does not bear much difference compared to other states, save to the degree that several states have a wider coverage in some areas and/or particular necessities in certain spheres. It is pertinent to note that the coverage of the New York State Human ights Law starts for every employers with 4 or more employees relative to the coverage for Title VII starting with 15 employees at…… [Read More]
Employment and Labor- Issues and Answers: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ('EEOC')" Retrieved from www.entwistle law.com/law_firm/employment-labor-answers/title-vii.htm http://www.entwistle law.com/law_firm/employment-labor-answers/title-vii.htm Accessed on 12 May 2005
Employment and Labor- Issues and Answers: Other Federal Statutes" Retrieved at http://www.entwistle-law.com/law_firm/employment-labor-answers/other-federal-statutes.htm . Accessed on 12 May 2005
FLSA Section 14-, the Payment of Special Minimum Wages to Workers with Disabilities for the Work being performed." U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved at http://www.dol.gov/elaws/esa/flsa/14c/ . Accessed on 12 May 2005
General Information on the Fair Labor Standards Act FLSA." U.S. Department of Labor. Retrieved at http://www.dol.gov/esa/regs/compliance/whd/mwposter.htm . Accessed on 12 May 2005
Employment Risk N1 Employment Risk
Training sessions can also focus both on employers and employees, their understanding of the concept of employment risk, and their communication skills. When communication is improved, employment risk can also be reduced. Employees especially can learn to improve their communication skills, whereas employers can collaborate in this effort by creating an open environment, in which employees have the freedom to voice any concerns. During such training sessions the company protocol with regard to employment risk can also be drawn up for both employers and employees to discuss. In this way employment risk becomes an open issue rather than a hidden one behind which employees can hide whenever there is a chance of suing the company. The company's objectives can then be reached in a more focused manner, and both employers and employees can benefit.
Employment risk is mostly related to employee dissatisfaction and stress factors. These are then also aspects…… [Read More]
Employment Discrimination and Globalization
Entity type and location. This business start-up, registered as Sexy Shoes for Her, Inc., is a single-member Limited Liability Company taxed as a corporation (IS, 2011). All stock is held by the principle and by members of the principle's immediate and extended family, such that, even though the firm is not a corporation, its membership resembles that of a closely-held corporation. The organization process has been completed, and all applicable filing and licensing fees have been paid. The paperwork has been purchased and printed, including corporate seals and stock certificates (eed, et al., 2008). Initial meetings of members have been held, and the Articles of Organization have been finalized. (IS, 2011) Attorney fees for the organization process, legal filings, and advice about the start-up activities have accrued and been paid. The headquarters are in Manhattan, so the company is registered as a domestic LLC with the…… [Read More]
Baily, A.L. And Desiderio, J.M. (2007, May 9). Defining when 'time is of the essence' -- the court offers guidance on required language, New York Law Journal. Retrieved http://www.alblawfirm.com/siteFiles/News/
4 CACED2309A1D686984A650BF0B9E18A.pdf
Breach of contracts. (n.d.). Find Law [Web] Retrieved http://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/business-forms-contracts/business-forms-contracts-overview/business-forms-contracts-overview-breaching.html
Contract terms -- do and don't. (n.d.). Find Law [Web] Retrieved http://smallbusiness.findlaw.com/business-forms-contracts/business-forms-contracts-overview/business-forms-contracts-overview-do-don 't.html
Employment Laws -- Who Are
Words: 582 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 4410043
Many of the gaps in protection, such as afforded under Supreme Court precedent to members of suspect classes have since been strengthened by various acts of Congress, such as those in connection with employment discrimination against disabled workers, and those over 45 years of age (Edwards, Wallenberg, & Lineberry, 2008). Undoubtedly, employment (and other forms of) discrimination against members of suspect classifications still occur even today; however, whereas in the past employers did so very openly and unashamedly, that is no longer possible today (Dershowitz, 2002; Halbert & Ingulli, 2007).
Despite the tremendous progress in civil rights in the last century, federal law does not yet recognize employment (or other types of) discrimination against many categories of minorities, such as homosexuals and transgender individuals, among others. It also affords significantly less protection to certain federally-recognized minority classifications than it allows in connection with the suspect classifications such as race…… [Read More]
Dershowitz a. (2002). Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. New York:
Simon & Schuster.
Edwards GC, Wallenberg MP, and Lineberry RB. (2008). Government in America:
People, Politics, and Policy. New York: Longman.
Employment and Human Resource in
Words: 1160 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper #: 21875197
The Mexican professionals and executives on the other hand based on the existing relationship take advantage of the lowered restrictions on the borders to seek employment in foreign countries and negotiate for better pay. However the only drawbacks are opportunities denied which are occupied by the foreigners in similar positions (Economy watch, 2010).
Wage Differences
Different countries have different wages; in some cases the government has a direct influence in setting the wage bracket for employees in different categories. Wages vary from one country to another which is backed by a number of factors, various fundamentals and the economic conditions at any given time. Different economic situations call for different measures and adjustments as may be stated by the concerned authorities. The economic power of a nation is gauged in terms of the availability of natural resources and economic developments.
The average wage is higher in countries where labour productivity…… [Read More]
Economy watch, (2010). Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico. Retrieved October 21, 2012 from http://www.economywatch.com/foreign-direct-investment/countries/mexico.html
International Labour Office, (2008). Global Wage Report2008/2009. Retrieved October 21, 2012 from http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-dgreports/-dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_100786.pdf
Jesse Vorton, (2010). Globalization's Impact on jobs and wages. Retrieved October 21, 2012 from http://www.helium.com/items/1873177-jobs-and-wages-globalization-creates-jobs-boosts-wages
Maps of the world, (2012). Mexico Population. Retrieved October 21, 2012 from http://www.mapsofworld.com/mexico/population-in-mexico.html
Employment at Will: Definitions of Terms
The principle of employment-at-will is one of the major concepts governing labor relations in the United States. Employment-at-will is a doctrine that gives employers the liberty to terminate an employee, or change the terms of an employment contract, at any time without any reason, warning, or explanation. Additionally, the principle also implies that an employee can quit his/her job at any time and for whatever reason. However, in an unstable labor market, or one in which unemployment rates are high, the employer possesses a significant amount of power through the invocation of employment at will. Employment-at-will is a principle that has traditionally been utilized to govern employment relations except in some situations such as in cases where employment contracts, implied contracts, public policy, and good faith and fair dealing exist. Employees rarely if ever have the right to demand greater job security. Therefore, the…… [Read More]
Doyle, A. “Exceptions to Employment at Will.” The Balance. September 13, 2017, https://www.thebalance.com/exceptions-to-employment-at-will-2060484
Doyle, A. “What Does Employment At-Will Mean?” The Balance. February 10, 2018, https://www.thebalance.com/what-does-employment-at-will-mean-2060493
National Conference of State Legislatures. “The At-Will Presumption and Exceptions to the Rule.” http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/at-will-employment-overview.aspx
Ryan, Liz. “How At-Will Employment Hurts Business.” Forbes. May 1, 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/lizryan/2014/05/01/how-at-will-employment-hurts-business/#6d282d1934d5
Employment at Will Thoroughly Describe What Steps
Thoroughly describe what steps you would take to address the following scenario involving skills, competence, and abilities:
• The employee seems to be unable to learn the computer applications that are basic to her job responsibilities, but, consistently "tells" her boss that she is "a good worker and a genius" and that he does not "appreciate her." Even after a few months of training and support, she is unable to use the computer tools to be productive and efficient in completing the required tasks.
In this situation, there is clearly a disconnect between the expectations of the firm and the perception of the employee. It is therefore the company's responsibility to insure that the employee thoroughly understands the responsibilities of her position as it relates to the overall job function. The company can accomplish this in a verity of methods. The first being a comprehensive overview of…… [Read More]
1) Adams v. George W. Cochran & Co., 597 A.2d 28 (D.C. App. 1991), John W. Budd, Employment with a Human Face: Balancing Efficiency, Equity, and Voice (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004), 86 -- 88
2) National Labor Relations Board, petitioner, v. United Steelworkers of America, CIO, and Nutone, Inc. Nos. 81 and 289, 1958
3) Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986), 477 U.S. 57 at 61, 1986
4) Toussaint v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Michigan, 408 Mich. 579, 601; 292 N.W.2d 880, 886 (1980).
Employment Relations in the Hospitality
Words: 539 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 329158
A great deal of the work is unpaid or low-paid, with a heavy reliance on females and young labor and, in some countries, migrants. Most work is regarded as semi-skilled or unskilled, with some deskilling. Training is often basic, with firms tending to buy in skills from the labor market. A large number of workers communicate directly with customers, while others have a more indirect customer relationship.
Part-time and nontraditional employment is commonplace, and may be increasing among the different nations' interest in creating more flexible labor markets. Mobility is high, which leads to high labor turnover rates. ecruitment and retention is particularly problematic, particularly for managers where a lack of professionalism may impede business success in developing and transitional economies.
This book is a very thorough approach to employment relations and a number of different areas that a hospitality H person needs to consider in order to do his…… [Read More]
Lucas, R.E. (2003). Employment Relations in the Hospitality and Tourism Industries.: New York. Routledge.
Employment Discrimination at Wal-Mart Foundation of the
Employment Discrimination at Wal-Mart
Foundation of the Study
This study examines the legislative and judicial climate that enables corporations like Wal-Mart to engage in practices that violate workers' rights. The popular consensus is that Wal-Mart, the largest retail store in the United States, displays an inordinate disregard for the human dignity and morale of its employees and, despite continual litigation, continues to blatantly violate the legal rights of its employees. Wal-Mart faces charges of violating The Federal Fair Labor Standards Act (2011) by asking management to adjust time sheets so that overtime will not need to be paid, and so that all employees will work under the hourly limit required by the union in order to obtain membership. Employees were insured, without their knowledge, against their death by Wal-Mart. The company was named beneficiary; following death of an employee, the entire benefit amount was retained by the corporation. Not a…… [Read More]
Business Day, Companies. (2011) The New York Times. Retrieved http://www.nytimes.com/
2011/03/30/business/30aldi.html?ref=walmartstoresinc
Byrne, T.P. (2009). False profits: Reviving the corporation's public purpose. Discourse, 57 UCLA L. Rev. Disc. 25, UCLA School of Law, UC Berkeley, (Associate, Chadbourne & Parke, LLP). Retrieved http://uclalawreview.org/?p=1056
Clifford, S. (2011, March 29). Where Wal-Mart failed, Aldi succeeds. The New York Times. Retrieved
Employment Florida Employment This Is a Paper
Florida Employment
This is a paper about employment in Florida. There are two references used for this paper.
The labor market throughout the country is constantly changing. It is interesting to look at Florida's economic and employment history, as well as the trends and changes in its job market.
Changing Economy
Florida's economy has "greatly expanded and diversified since the early 20th century, when it was dominated by farming. Agriculture remained important in the early 1990s, but tourism was the leading economic sector, and manufacturing also contributed heavily to the economy (www.k2mall.com/2/florida/fl/fl3.html)." The United States government has been a leading employer with instillations such as the "John F. Kennedy Space Center on Cape Canaveral, and Eglin Air Force Base near Pensacola (www.k2mall.com/2/florida/fl/fl3.html)."
Miami's location has been beneficial to Florida's economy as it continues to grow into an "international financial center for the Caribbean region (www.k2mall.com/2/florida/fl/fl3.html)." The influx of retirees…… [Read More]
Burger, Frederick. "A Sunny Outlook Helps Reshape Florida's Economy." (accessed 25 March 2004). www.siteselection.com/features/2000/nov/fl/).
Florida. (accessed 25 March 2004). www.k2mall.com/2/florida/fl/fl3.html).
Employment Discrimination In the Past Few Years
Employment Discrimination:
In the past few years, employees have obtained new ammunition to file lawsuits related to job discrimination in federal courts, though they still experience numerous challenges against the rising victories. According to the findings of recent studies, workers who sue over employment discrimination tend to lose at higher rates in federal courts as compared to other kinds of plaintiffs. However, most of these employees are hopeful that the recently signed Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act will herald an improved climate for discrimination lawsuits. This is primarily because the legislation makes it easier for employees to sue over pay discrimination on the basis of race, gender, disability, or age through the extension of the legal deadline to file such cases or lawsuits.
Due to the odds against winning employment discrimination cases, some lawyers have become reluctant to even try to an extent that they have stated that they will…… [Read More]
KOPPEL, NATHAN. "Job-Discrimination Cases Tend To Fare Poorly in Federal Court." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 19 Feb. 2009. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .
Schamotta, Justin. "Difference Between Breach of Contract & Breach of Warranty." Small Business Chron. Hearst Communications, Inc., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .
United Kingdom. Health and Safety Executive. Preventing Slips and Trips at Work - A Brief Guide. Health and Safety Executive, Nov. 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. .
Employment Prospects for an Employee
The average annual earnings of these managers in May 2004 were $92,570. According to the website 'Salary expert,' an Information Systems manager working in New York/New Jersey area can earn an average annual salary of $185,103 per year. Although this salary may seem quite large, the cost of living and purchasing power of this salary in the area must be factored into the salary. Simply to live in this area of high rents, sales taxes, and property taxes requires bearing additional expenses. Secondly, this affluent area boasts many top graduates from major universities who can command top salaries. The number of companies in the area that need such specialists also creates a more competitive market from a demand side, and drives up the price of this type of labor. In contrast, for a person in the same employment in Youngstown Ohio such an executive would earn an average annual salary…… [Read More]
Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2006-07 Edition. (7 Sept 2007).
Computer and Information Systems Managers. Retrieved on 7 Sept 2007 at http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos258.htm .
Salary Expert." (2007). Official Website. Retrieved 7 Sept 2007 at http://salaryexpert.com/seco/index.cfm?Action=DisplayNAInput&CobrandID=95&area=360000
Employment Mary First Needs to Make it
Mary first needs to make it absolutely clear whether she is an employee or independent contractor. In this case, while she may have been hired as an independent contractor, she was later subtly reclassified as an employee. An independent contractor works freelance and part-time which means his place in the firm is not permanent. Mary was definitely one such contractor since her services was required for one specific project. Her contract with the firm was extended when another project came forth for which Mary's services were found suitable. However when the second project began, Mary was no longer an independent contractor since she was often asked to work with specific material and equipment and was also forced to follow company's work-schedule. This is an example of exploitation of independent contractor agreement since only an employee can be instructed to work with specific tools or when, where and how to…… [Read More]
1) IRS Common Law Rules: Accessed 12th Feb 2005: http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small /article/0,,id=99921,00.html" target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Employment Laws the Significance of
If we refer to the latter term, for example, a proactive approach will imply creating the necessary physical and emotional condition for a disabled employee to function properly in the group.
1. Civil Rights -an overview. Legal Information Institute. On the Internet at http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/civil_rights.html
2. Employment Rights - an overview. Legal Information Institute. On the Internet at http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/employment_discrimination.html
3. he Evaluation Center - glossary. On the Internet at http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/ess/glossary/glos-a-d.htm
4. Definition of Undue Hardship. On the Internet at http://www.peo7.com/htmFiles/Definition662.htm
5. Reasonable Accommodation Policy. On the Internet at http://www.cityofsacramento.org/adaweb/Reasonable%20ACCOM%20Policy.
Civil Rights -an overview. Legal Information Institute. On the Internet at http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/civil_rights.html
Employment Rights - an overview. Legal Information Institute. On the Internet at http://www.law.cornell.edu/topics/employment_discrimination.html
he Evaluation Center - glossary. On the Internet at http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/ess/glossary/glos-a-d.htm
Definition of Undue Hardship. On the Internet at http://www.peo7.com/htmFiles/Definition662.htm
Reasonable Accommodation Policy. On the Internet at http://www.cityofsacramento.org/adaweb/Reasonable%20ACCOM%20Policy.htm… [Read More]
The Evaluation Center - glossary. On the Internet at http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/ess/glossary/glos-a-d.htm
Reasonable Accommodation Policy. On the Internet at http://www.cityofsacramento.org/adaweb/Reasonable%20ACCOM%20Policy.htm
Employment Development Critical Analysis of
Secondly, development programs may prove enticing enough to potential employees. Therefore, the company can use them in order to attract the desired staff capable of inducing the organization's growth.
Thirdly, if existing employees are trained for different or more complex tasks, these may become eligible for vacant positions or may handle a wider range of activities. In this context, the company saves money by reducing its need to hire.
Another benefit of development consists of rewarding loyal employees who after learning new skills are promoted to higher positions. This also accounts for a company's performance.
Last, but not least, development strategies allow employees to be more independent or, in other words, they give them wings to fly. This autonomy cuts off the supervision costs, thus increasing the company's efficiency, and inherently, performance (http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/careers-job-training/1151-1.html).
Employee training also plays a major part in maintaining a work/life balance. This is essential for the…… [Read More]
1. Goldstein, S., 2003. Employee Development: An examination of service strategy in a high-contact service environment, [Online], Available:
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3796/is_200307/ai_n9285520
2007, January 30].
2. Gross, B., 2000. Effective Training Programs for Managers, [Online], Available:
Employment Discrimination Signed Into Law
In presenting their case to the U.S. Supreme Court the company articulated that the usurpation of the authority of a seniority system is not justifiable under the AA provisions, and as such Barnett was not wrongfully denied the opportunity to maintain his position.
oes the Supreme Court ecide that a Seniority System "Trumps" and Accommodation Request?
The Court in arriving at its decision presents a reasoned and thoughtful explanation of seniority systems relative to employer/employee hiring. In doing so the Court articulates a considerable advantage and benefits for employees under a company seniority system, "by creating, and fulfilling, employee expectations of fair, uniform treatment. These benefits include 'job security and an opportunity for steady and predictable advancement based on objective standards'" (Reed, O. Shedd, P. Morehead, J. & Pagnattaro, M. 2008). This tactic allows the Court to posit that a seniority system in fact "trumps" an accommodation request under the…… [Read More]
Does the Supreme Court Decide that a Seniority System "Trumps" and Accommodation Request?
The Court in arriving at its decision presents a reasoned and thoughtful explanation of seniority systems relative to employer/employee hiring. In doing so the Court articulates a considerable advantage and benefits for employees under a company seniority system, "by creating, and fulfilling, employee expectations of fair, uniform treatment. These benefits include 'job security and an opportunity for steady and predictable advancement based on objective standards'" (Reed, O. Shedd, P. Morehead, J. & Pagnattaro, M. 2008). This tactic allows the Court to posit that a seniority system in fact "trumps" an accommodation request under the ADA however, in doing so employees are in the totality of cases better served, if in a case by case basis such as Barnett the employee may not.
The Court's reading of the legislation places a superiority of the seniority system over the ADA because they could "find nothing in the statute that suggests Congress intended to undermine the seniority system" (Reed, O. Shedd, P. Morehead, J. & Pagnattaro, M. 2008). In particular the Court reasons that if employers were forced to prove on a case by case basis that seniority systems alone were not enough to override ADA legislation, then the "accommodation decision might well undermine the employees' expectations of
Employment Law One of the
Words: 589 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Case Study Paper #: 48121595
The combination of these elements is showing that she is an independent contractor. ("What is a 1099 Form," 2012) (Hill, 2008)
What are some potential legal implications in the case? What should the utility do to rectify any wrongs in this situation?
There are no legal implications for the firm. This is because they can demonstrate that Karen is an independent contractor. To address any kind of wrongs, the company could offer her some kind of severance pay for ending the contract. Prior to her receiving anything is when Karen would have to agree to never engage in any litigation against the firm in the future. This will protect the company's best interests.
Draft a sample policy for limiting the use of independent contractors that will help avoid issues like this in the future.
To avoid these kinds of challenges in the future, the firm should have all employees sign…… [Read More]
What is a 1099 Form. (2012). Wise Geek. Retrieved from: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-1099-form.htm
Hill, M. (2008). Employee v. Independent Contractor. Lexvisio. Retrieved from: http://www.lexvisio.com/article/2/Status:_Employee_v_Independent_Contractor__ -- _Texas
Employment Recommendation Letter to Whom
Words: 826 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Research Proposal Paper #: 59999395
I was able to see the patience and love that Jane has extended to my children. She very patiently taught my youngest child all his shapes and colors during his eighteenth month.
Jane's effort in teaching my children was manifested in ways more than one. My middle child showed drastic improvements in her reading level. She even jumped two reading levels in just one year! My eldest daughter, on the other hand, was able to excel in soccer and in school as well. I must say that my children have become the well-adjust persons that they are now through Jane's help.
One of the best things that Jane did for my family, especially for my children was helping them during one of the toughest times of their lives. In 2006, my children lost their mother. Jane's presence got them through this grieving process. She was not just their nanny, nor…… [Read More]
Employment Communication the Job Opportunity Data Analyst
Employment Communication
The job opportunity
Data analyst at Ciber, as solicited in the following advertisement from www.jobview.monster.com
"Ciber is looking for a Data Analyst to analyze data from various GFS. This Senior Data Analyst will have experience working in an enterprise environment and crunching numbers that have high levels of visibility.
Strong to expert level skills and experience in MS Excel: if statements, vlookup, hlookup, pivot tables, macros, etc.
A rich history of analytical and problem solving skills and accomplishments.
Analytical and detail oriented individual that enjoys working with data solutions.
Strong to expert skills in data manipulation with tools like MS Excel and Excel reporting.
Ability to quickly comprehend complex spreadsheets/data.
Intermediate SQL query, & SSRS background.
Good communication and presentation skills to executive management audiences.
Skilled at working with large data sets in Excel, quickly resolving data-related issues.
Desired Skills
Clean lines of communication to Executive…… [Read More]
Employment Law Legal Risk and
Paula states that the rationale for the refusal is also violation of Title IIV and EEOC (Equal Opportunity Commission Policy) as it is based merely on the fact that she is a woman and has the potential to become pregnant. Sam's use of his power is also a continuation of his harassment, and now seems explicitly 'quid pro quo.' Not accepting his advances resulted in a negative impact upon Paula's job.
Paula is correct and Sam is incorrect, legally speaking. While fetal protection policies that barred women of childbearing age from jobs because of harm to their potential fetuses became widespread in 1970s and 1980s, the 1991 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in UAW v. Johnson Controls declared these laws to be a form of sexual discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil ights Act of 1964 (Fetal rights, 2009, Law Library).
Scenario 3:
NewCorp has a strong case that…… [Read More]
Consumer Law: What is a contract? (2009). Paralegal Advice. Retrieved January 10, 2009 at http://www.paralegaladvice.org.za/docs/chap11/02.html
Employment at will. (2009). Nolo. Retrieved January 10, 2009 at http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/article-30022.html
Fetal rights. (2009). Law Library. Retrieved January 10, 2009 at http://law.jrank.org/pages/6853/Fetal-Rights-Fetal-Protection-Policies.html
Worker rights. (2009). Retrieved January 10, 2009 at OSHA. http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/rights.html
Employment Application and a Benefits
The asis for Recruitment and Quality of enefits that are being provided
When you evaluate the basis for recruitment, it is obvious that the application is providing a number of different techniques that are used. The most notable include: identifying the position itself, attracting the most qualified candidates and informing applicants about various laws / what the information will be used for. Identifying the position itself is when the individual will see that there is an opening and they will fill out position that they are applying for. On the McDonald's application, they are identifying what position is that they are seeking and their different qualifications for working at the company. Attracting the best qualified candidates is when the company is letting know about what they have to offer in the form of: benefits and compensation. On the application, this can be seen in the section where it is asking…… [Read More]
Employee Benefits. (2011). McDonalds. Retrieved from: http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/careers/employee_benefits.html
Guiding Principles (2011). HR Berkley. Retrieved from: http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/guides/managing-hr/recruiting-staff/employment/recruitment/principles
Job Application. (2011). McDonalds. Retrieved from: http://www.job-applications.com/mcdonalds-application/
Employment Relations Management Discretion in
However, the management did not have the utmost power. The unions took up the cases with the authorities. Their decision was scrutinized by Fair Work Australia and was, consequently, terminated. This is a show of the lack of control that the managers have in the operations. In any case, the regulations in the country favor the employees and managers have to conform to regulations from the legal bodies.
The work places in the country reflect a real indication of the limited control that the managers have on the employees. The actions that they can undertake to impose their force on the employees have a limitation from the authorities. The Fair Work Australia Act is the most specific on the nature of the work place. It regulates the minimum wages for the employees. This means that the managers have no control over the remunerations that the employees get. Termination of…… [Read More]
Australian Fair Work Act: With regulations and rules. (2010). Sydney: CCH Australia.
CCH Australia. (2010). Australian master fair work guide. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia.
CCH Editors. (2010). Understanding the Fair Work Act. Sydney: CCH Australia.
Hor, J., & Keats, L. (2009). Fair Work faqs. Sydney: CCH Australia.
Employment Discrimination in Regards to
Words: 3358 Length: 11 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper #: 46595765
Presence of minority groups at a workplace
At work places, individuals are being discriminated on the basis of being a minority. Structural theory states clearly there is always a consequence for being the minority. This theory is in relation to three known token dynamics which include; it leads to contrast effect that leads to social isolation, it has the element of visibility that results to performance pressure and it also results to stereotyping or role encapsulation (Bell, 2007). Discrimination may be as a result of the individual (from the minority group) being scrutinized to find out whether he/she is capable to excel in whatever he/she is doing. From this theory, an individual whom the public does not associate his/her presence with a certain kind of work is more doubted than a person whom they have faith that he/she can handle the work. For example, a woman with mechanic skills can…… [Read More]
Alon, S., & Haberfeld, Y. (2007). Labor force attachment and the evolving wage gap between White, Black, and Hispanic young women. Work and Occupations, 34, 369-398.
Byron, R.A. (2010). Discrimination, Complexity, and the Public/Private Sector Question. Work and Occupations, 37(4), 435-475. doi: 10.1177/0730888410380152
Bell, M.P. (2007). Diversity in organizations. Arlington: South-Western Cenage Learning.
Couch, K.A., & Fairlie, R. (2010). Last hired, first fired? Black-White unemployment and the business cycle. Demography, 47, 227-247.
Employment Laws in the UK Are They Effective or Not
Employment Laws in the UK: Are they Effective?
esearch shows that the last three Parliaments had a trend towards more employment protection events. However, there are some that argue that the protection events are not enough but also the employment issues need to be reduced. Nevertheless, UK employment law still has lesser levels of work protection and more labor marketplace suppleness relative to other EU Member States. For example, in France the industrial relation law has conserved the simple limitations on industrial action presented by earlier Conservative governments. There has been a range of measures which have been able to raise rights and protections for those that are working parents and their careers. More than a few major issues of employment law continued to be unsettled. With that said, this essay will discuss the huge amount of debate around the amount of employment legislation that currently governs employment within the…… [Read More]
Alcock, A. E. (1997). History of the International Labour Organisation. . London: Macmillian.
American Social History Project. (2002). Who Built America? Working People and the Nation's. New York: Panthenon Books.
Armbruster-Sandoval, R. (2008). Globalization and Cross-Border Labor Solidarity in the Americas. New York: Routledge.
Aronowitz, S. F. (2012). From Ashes of the Old: America's Labor and America's Future. . Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Employment Discrimination Based on Religion
Words: 1988 Length: 7 Pages Document Type: Research Proposal Paper #: 6363558
This can also lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.
It is also noted that religious discrimination can be both overt and covert. Overt discrimination is a more obvious form of discrimination, such as name -- calling and physical intimidation ( Perceived eligious Discrimination and its elationship to Anxiety and Paranoia among Muslim Americans). Covert discrimination is often more insidious and psychologically harmful in that it is suggested by innuendo and veiled remarks that are often less able to be attacked or defended against.
It is also claimed that continued stress as a result of discrimination can lead to mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. However, there is a paucity of research in this area; for instance, "Although the effects of discrimination and hate crimes among various minority member's mental health is documented, no research to date examines the correlates of perceived discrimination among Muslim Americans" (Perceived…… [Read More]
Employment Discrimination Based on Religion, Ethnicity, or Country of Origin. Retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-relig_ethnic.html .
DISCRIMINATION BASED ON RELIGION. Retrieved from http://www.oregon.gov/BOLI/CRD/C_Religion.shtml .
Discrimination- Introduction. Retrieved from http://www.compactlaw.co.uk/monster/empf28.html
Discrimination: Religion. Retrieved from http://www.aflcio.org/issues/jobseconomy/workersrights/rightsatwork_e/disc_religion.cfm
Employment Law in New Jersey
Employment at Will Policy: Exceptions to the ule
The notion of 'at will' employment reflects the fact that by law employees can be fired from any job for any cause, good or bad, depending on the whim of the employer, barring a written employment contract (Muhl 2001:3). There are specific exceptions to this policy which vary from state to state. But in the case of John, the employee who posted a rant on his Facebook page, there are a number of NJ state precedents of allowing employers to fire employees for posts made on social media. A garbage collector in Maplewood, N.J. was fired for complaining on his public Facebook page about having to clean up "after a two-day concert, blaming the mess on liberals who rant about green living and then pollute the parks, and launched a tirade against Obama, gays and liberal politics" (McDonnell 2014).
Also, in the…… [Read More]
Can potential employers ask for my Facebook password? (2015). Nolo. Retrieved from:
http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/can-potential-employers-ask-facebook-password.html
McDonnell, S. (2014). Like it or not, employees can say what they want on social media.
Philadelphia Technology Review. Retrieved from:
Employment From 1968 to 2000
S. economy has shifted from a goods-producing economy to a service- reducing market particularly in the area of knowledge management / technology. With the introduction of the computer in the 1980s, the information sector dominated economy as a desired service and its appeal has risen ever since.
As the Table shows, there was a deep 1980s recession and then a more shallow 1990s downturn, but following each of these drifts the employment trend again began to rise encouraged by innovation in the IT sector.
In short, the reasons given for the rise in employment during these years is: 1. Increased wages; 2. ise in college gradates; 3. Increase in female employment; and 4. The rise of the service sector (particularly IT). This rise in employment, with breaks in the 1980s and a more subdued drop in the 1990s indicate this pattern.
eference
Lee, D. & Wolpin, K.I. (2005). Accounting for…… [Read More]
Lee, D. & Wolpin, K.I. (2005). Accounting for wage and employment changes in the U.S. from 1968-2000: A dynamic model of labor market equilibrium,
Retrieved from http://econ.duke.edu/~psarcidi/doghoon_paper.pdf
Table Indicating Pattern of Employment: 1968-2000
Employment Discrimination Disparate Impact Employment
The main defense to a disparate treatment lawsuit is that the plaintiff was not treated differently than similarly-situated people. An ancillary defense to a disparate treatment claim is that the plaintiff was treated differently, but that the discrimination is part of a bona-fide occupational qualification.
Reasonable accommodation refers to the accommodations that an employer must provide to an employee under federal anti-discrimination laws. The term is most frequently used to describe actions under the Americans with isabilities Act, though Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 may imply a duty for reasonable accommodation of certain things, such as allowing a nursing mother time to breast pump during the workday. A reasonable accommodations lawsuit is almost always going to involve a single plaintiff. The first defense is that the accommodations were reasonable. However, there are several factors relating to exactly what type of accommodation an employer must make, and…… [Read More]
Disparate impact employment discrimination suggests that an employment practice has a greater impact on one protected group than it does on other groups. For example, a non-driving related job in New York city, which required the employee have a driver's license might impact members of different races in different ways. If there is a disparate impact, then the employer has to prove that the questionable practice is actually linked to the performance of the job. Disparate impact cases generally have a greater number of plaintiffs, because they deal with how large groups of people are impacted by a company's employment practices, though a single plaintiff can bring a disparate impact suit, as well. The main defense to a disparate impact lawsuit is that the practice in question does actually have a relationship to the job.
Disparate treatment alleges that an employer discriminated against a specific, protected person, or that a company's employment policies intentionally discriminate against a protected class. For example, the lawsuit that was brought against Hooters' restaurant alleged disparate treatment because male servers were not hired at the restaurant. Generally there is a single plaintiff in a disparate treatment lawsuit, though if a company's employment policies are facially discriminatory, there could be numerous plaintiffs. The main defense to a disparate treatment lawsuit is that the plaintiff was not treated differently than similarly-situated people. An ancillary defense to a disparate treatment claim is that the plaintiff was treated differently, but that the discrimination is part of a bona-fide occupational qualification.
Reasonable accommodation refers to the accommodations that an employer must provide to an employee under federal anti-discrimination laws. The term is most frequently used to describe actions under the Americans with Disabilities Act, though Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 may imply a duty for reasonable accommodation of certain things, such as allowing a nursing mother time to breast pump during the workday. A reasonable accommodations lawsuit is almost always going to involve a single plaintiff. The first defense is that the accommodations were reasonable. However, there are several factors relating to exactly what type of accommodation an employer must make, and an employer can claim that the accommodation was too costly or otherwise prohibitive, and actually be excused from providing the accommodation.
Employment Landlord-Tenant Liability and Duties
Causation:
Irrespective of whether or not AC Apartments satisfied its duty of reasonable care with respect to the safety of its tenants, the harm for which liability is claimed must relate directly to any failure to satisfy that standard. More particularly, to establish liability, the plaintiff must also establish that any negligence of AC in failing to exercise reasonable care was the proximate cause of the harm that resulted (Freidman 2005).
For example, had the apartment complex manager previously been sentenced for rape as a juvenile, even a thorough criminal background check performed by AC Apartments would have failed to disclose that information, through no fault of AC Apartments. A more interesting factual situation arises if AC failed to satisfy its duty of care owed to its tenants by neglecting to perform any pre-employment criminal background check of the manager but where the only relevant information available would have required…… [Read More]
Feliu, a., Johnson, W. (2002) Negligence in Employment Law. Washington, DC: BNF, Inc.
Friedman, L. (2005) a History of American Law. New York: Touchstone Halbert, T., Ingulli, E. (2000) Law & Ethics in the Business Environment 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: West Legal Studies
Schmalleger, F. (1997) Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century. Hoboken, NJ: Prentice Hall
Employment Law What Are Some
If they employees agree to it as a condition of employment, rug tests can be conducted without probable cause, although in terms of 'due process,' usually an employee cannot be terminated without a justifiable cause, such as because of his or her privately political views or race. But still, some employment contracts have 'morals clauses,' for instance, if a hired actor's behavior inhibits his or her ability to do his or her job, like to be a corporate spokesperson for a children's toy company.
Employees cannot be subjected to unwarranted workplace surveillance like voyeurism, however. "In a couple of related workplace privacy lawsuits won by employees, employers claimed 'drugs' as the reason they secretly videotaped employees in company locker rooms. but, instead of revealing illegal drug use or sales, the hidden cameras embarrassingly exposed employees changing their clothes. In so many words, the courts found this to be a blatantly…… [Read More]
Employee Workplace Privacy Rights." (2008). Employee Issues. Com Retrieved 12 Jan 2008 at http://employeeissues.com/workplace_privacy.htm
Right to privacy: An overview." (2008). Legal Information Institute.
Cornell University: School of Law. Retrieved 12 Jan 2008 at http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Privacy
Employment and Labor Relations
mployment and Labor Relations
Key Legislation
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (or Wagner Act) protects the rights of most workers in the private sector of the United States to organize unions, to engage in collective bargaining over wages, hours, and terms and conditions of employment, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands. The Act does not, on the other hand, cover those workers who are covered by the Railway Labor Act, agricultural employees, domestic employees, supervisors, independent contractors and some close relatives of individual employers.
The Wagner Act established a federal agency, the National Labor Relations Board, with the power to investigate and decide unfair labor practice charges and to conduct elections in which workers were given the opportunity to decide whether they wanted to be represented by a union. The NLRB was given more extensive powers than…… [Read More]
Effective Communication of Laws, Regulations and Organizational Policies
An employee handbook (or employee manual) details guidelines, expectations and procedures of a business or company to its employees. Employee handbooks are given to employees on one of the first days of his or her job, in order to acquaint them with their new company and its policies. While it often varies from business to business, specific areas that an employee handbook may address include a welcome statement, which may also briefly describe the company's history, reasons for its success and how the employee can contribute to future successes. It may also include a mission statement, or a statement about a business' goals and objectives.
Orientation procedures usually involves providing a human resources manager or other designated employee completed income tax withholding forms, providing proof of identity and eligibility for employment (in accordance with the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986), proof of a completed drug test (by a designated medical center) and other required forms. An area devoted to definitions of full- and part-time employment, and benefits classification also describes timekeeping procedures, such as defining a "work week." This area may also include information about daily breaks, for
Employment Application Statement as a
I completely understand the agency's chain of command, rules, and protocols. Frankly, I also appreciated the camaraderie that I enjoyed at the LCSD because it made it an absolute pleasure to come to work everyday and I look forward greatly to the opportunity to rejoin the team. Naturally, I missed the annual picnic provided by Director Strout, as well.
It would be my most sincere pleasure to have another opportunity to work for Director Dean Strout, Lou Mackoler, John Carillo, Tray Strout, and Ruben Verillo again and I am confident that they will be able to confirm my suitability for the advertised position. I look forward tremendously for the opportunity of an interview and genuinely appreciate the chance to return to the Los ngeles County Sheriff's Department as an electrician because my previous employment in that same capacity has been my career highlight to date.… [Read More]
As a former (laid off temporary) employee of the Los Angles Sheriff's Department in the same capacity as this job opening from 2006-2010, I am already thoroughly familiar with the requirements and responsibilities of the Electrician position. During my previous tenure in this same position, I became familiar with and knowledgeable about all of the agency's facilities, including Twin Towers, Men's Central Jail, Pitches, CRDF, Mira Loma. FSB Headquarters, and Crime Lab. Additionally, I have already worked at the Lancaster, Palmdale, East Los Angeles, Lennox, Pico Rivera, San Dimas, Temple, Walnut/Diamond Bar, and West Hollywood stations.
Most importantly, I learned how to perform all of the positional responsibilities and tasks described in the job announcement in my previous LACSD position under the tutelage of my supervisors and Lou Mackoler and John Carillo. Also, I have already received the necessary training and have considerable experience interacting with and working safely around inmates and sworn personnel alike. I completely understand the agency's chain of command, rules, and protocols. Frankly, I also appreciated the camaraderie that I enjoyed at the LACSD because it made it an absolute pleasure to come to work everyday and I look forward greatly to the opportunity to rejoin the team. Naturally, I missed the annual picnic provided by Director Strout, as well.
It would be my most sincere pleasure to have another opportunity to work for Director Dean Strout, Lou Mackoler, John Carillo, Tray Strout, and Ruben Verillo again and I am confident that they will be able to confirm my suitability for the advertised position. I look forward tremendously for the opportunity of an interview and genuinely appreciate the chance to return to the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department as an electrician because my previous employment in that same capacity has been my career highlight to date.
Employment Law What Was the
Deliberate discrimination may be to blame -- in part. But companies can also make it easier for women to balance the challenges of work and family life in a more effective fashion, given that these responsibilities often fall disproportionately on female shoulders. Providing day care for women, allowing more flexible work schedules for employees, as well as diversity and sensitivity training are all necessary. Encouraging female mentorship programs to undercut the influence of the still strong 'all boys network' of promotion is another critical move to shatter the ceiling.
Equal Pay and Compensation Discrimination." 1(Oct 2007).
The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved 13 Dec 2007. http://www.eeoc.gov/types/epa.html
Kennedy, John. (10 Jul 1964). "Remarks upon Signing the Equal Pay Act."
The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 13 Dec 2007. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=9267… [Read More]
The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 13 Dec 2007. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=9267
Employment Law Case Problems in
Chapter 21: Case Problem #5
Holmes' role as president of After-School Care Corp. might seem to be in conflict with his decision to purchase Pro-Provider. This is because it is typical in such instances that high-ranking personal will be party to non-compete agreements which are intended to prevent them from exploiting their role within the framework of an organization as a way of ultimately undermining said organization.
However, a Supreme Court of Missouri decision reveals that non-compete agreements are not a cut-and-dry statement of prohibition against providing competition for a former employer. As Corrigan & Kass (2006) report, "protection of the employer, not punishment of the employee, is the essence of the law."An employer cannot extract a restrictive covenant from an employee merely to protect himself from competition.' The Supreme Court of Missouri has stated that '[a]greements of this kind restrain commerce and limit the employee's freedom to pursue his…… [Read More]
Corrigan, W.M. & Kass, M.B. (2006). Non-Compete Agreements and Unfair Competition - an Updated Overview. The Missouri Bar.
Miehe, S. (2010). When You Can't Pay Your Business Debts: Personal Liability and Bankruptcy Options. NOLO.
Employment Law Before the Amusement
If this employee's testing policy is to be implemented, the company especially their HR Department must be strict with their rules. If the applicant fails in one of the requirements one should not accept the applicant. The amusement also needs to hire one Lifeguard Professional Trainer from all applicants. This trainer will be hired only during peak season to orient and to have further training for everybody who has passed the initial interview. The trainer will also be one of the evaluators of each applicant. The qualifications that a trainer must have are the following: 1. He must be a CPR Professional Rescuer; 2. He must be a First Aid Certified; 3 He is currently employed and has trained in a well-known amusement complex; 4. He must have a minimum of 10 years experience as a lifeguard; 5.He must be 30-40 years old.
All new employees who undergo training and…… [Read More]
Information interview
A prospective change of career would be one in which I would become a novelist and I would be able to write my books, do research in various places, set my own working hours and get recognition for my work. In order to gain more insight into this field, I have met with Karen Malloy at Raider Publishing. I decided to meet with her since she is in charge of discovering new talents and she also seemed interested in seeing me and discussing my issues; her motivation was represented by the potential of future collaboration.
The interview commenced at 10 A.M. On a Wednesday and both participants arrived in time. Miss Malloy asked her assistant to bring us some coffee. We then exchanged a few pleasantries and got to talking about writing. Before having the opportunity to ask my own questions, Miss Malloy wanted to know…… [Read More]
Employment Letter Creative Arts Therapist Dear Department
Employment Letter
Creative Arts Therapist
Dear Department of Veterans Affairs,
I am writing to apply for the position of Creative Arts Therapist (Music), as advertised on the U.S.A. JOBS database (http://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/324855700). I am an American citizen and am compelled to treat those who have fought in the armed services. I also have a valid American driver's license, and would be available to relocate on short notice. It would truly be an honor and a privilege to assist the heroes who fight for our freedom.
I am currently receiving my associate's degree in Creative Arts Therapy. Although I do not possess substantial experience, my familiarity with both psychotherapy and dramatic arts ensures that I will provide outstanding service. I am talented in assembling pre-evaluation data, interpreting medical records, review prescriptions issued by the physician, conducting mental and physical evaluations, and finally, developing treatment plans. I have energy and compassion and will…… [Read More]
The New School For Public Engagement. (2012). Creative Arts Therapy. Retrieved from http://www.newschool.edu/continuing-education/creative-arts-therapy-certification/ .
USA Jobs. (2012). Creative Arts Therapist (Music). Retrieved from http://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/324855700 .
Employment Law Seen Today
The following shall be answers to questions that relate to employment law. It shall be a case analysis.
PG 93 Questions
Southwest Airlines Company has accepted that it is an organization, which recruits only female workers. It rejects employing male workers. It has both weight and height limits which would inhibit male applicants. It stated that a Title VII outlaw on discrimination of sex justified its recruitment of female workers for public contact posts of flight attendants and ticket agents. The company maintained its reasons for not employing male workers, as being that the female workers would present the sexy image of the company (Bennett-Alexander and Hartman, 2012 page 92). The issue that hence results now, is whether Southwest has proved that being female is a practically essential BFOQ to sustain the success of the business hence the discrimination in sex. Southwest Airlines failed in their defense claim.…… [Read More]
Baez. (2013, January 26). Cornell HR Review -- The Cornell HR Review is a student-run HR publication that provides timely articles, essays, and executive commentary. Personality Tests in Employment Selection: Use With Caution -- Cornell HR Review. Retrieved October 18, 2015, from http://www.cornellhrreview.org/personality-tests-in-employment-selection-use-with-caution/
Bennett-Alexander, D., & Hartman, L. (2012). Legal Construction of the Employment Environment. Employment Law for Business (7 Ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Writer Thoughts
Employment Law Take Home Exam
An employer should monitor technology usage because it will cut down on waste, in particular of employees wasting time when they should be working.
Employers should also monitor technology to reduce their liability risk as well. There is the risk that employees will do things online that are illegal (such as downloading) or could otherwise perform tasks that create liability when company resources are used in the act. If the company monitors usage, then it can argue that it has done its best in terms of trying to reduce this risk.
One reason that employers should not monitor technology use is because it could represent an invasion of privacy of the worker. The worker could need to use that technology for things like answering emails or doing banking online, and if this is being monitored the company could record things like passwords and codes.
Another reason why employers…… [Read More]
Employment Learning A Battleground Between
Failing to use the union as a forum to achieve this aim is in fact depriving the labor class of the diverse set of skills which it requires in order to remain irreplaceable.
To the point, the article by Stroud & Fairbrother indicates that at present, unions will tend to fall well short of their stated ambitions as a result of this critical oversight. Unions are not seizing on the captive opportunities availed to them through worker organization in order to promote labor education goals. To Stroud & Fairbrother, "the outcome is that trade union involvement in skill formation and workplace learning is marginal, and contributes to the perpetuation of traditional sector practices and regressive learning provisions." (Stroud & Fairbrother, 6)
Under such a circumstance, management and ownership are left to determine the course of employment education. In this determination, such parties predictably emphasize only those educational goals which are…… [Read More]
. (?). Unions and Workplace Learning. .
Cassell, C. & Lee, B. (2009). Trade Unions Learning Representatives: Progressing Partnership? Work, Employment & Society, 23(2), 213-230.
Stroud, D. & Fairbrother, P. (2008). Workplace learning: A Trade Union Failure To Service Needs. Journal of Workplace Learning, 20(1), 6-20.
The contract terms can be created by oral assurance, through implication and other conduct even in the evident lack of absence of any written document and this is provided for by the law. Jill enjoys this protection of the employment and labor law under the worker's compensation articles in this case study hence she cannot be dismissed at will without compensation in lieu of her time, disturbance and movement from her previous location. The employment relations Act of 1999 and 2003 also protects Jill against unfair dismissal ta work since it would be unfair to move her from her previous job, give her long-term stay promises they only to fire her when the company fails to perform yet she is new within the firm.
Go Fast has the moral and ethical responsibility to compensate Jill on the disturbances that she goes through, selling off her house, relocating the…… [Read More]
Employment Application in This Present
One of the qualities I pride myself in is that of honesty. I am a firm believer that if you are being paid you must give a work that is equal to the pay you receive. There are times I without hesitation go well beyond what is expected or anticipated to have a job accomplished because I understand the need to get the job done. I am a definite stickler for not only doing the job right but also doing the right job. I believe that honesty is an important quality for any employee to have so that your employer can have confidence in you.
I am also interested in working with your organization because I believe that it would provide me with the necessary experience and opportunity to advance my life goals. I see your company as providing the environment for individual development. I am of the view that…… [Read More]
Employment Law Is as Important as Knowledge
employment law is as important as knowledge of criminal law to the security manager. Discuss Over the last several years, the issues of employment and criminal law have become increasingly connected. This is because of shifts in attitudes about changes in the responsibilities of security managers. What is happening; is they are expected to serve as a stop gap measure to prevent potential abuses from taking place. The challenge is that these adjustments mean they must have a greater understanding of these concepts in order to provide effective advice about how to deal with them. (Cole 2007)
For instance, one of the issues impacting firms is the numerous lawsuits they will face from their activities and the effects they are having on everyone. In some cases, this can lead to litigation from employment related disputes with some instances bordering on criminal law. To provide the best assistance requires that security…… [Read More]
Cole, G, 2006, The American Criminal Justice System, Thomason, Belmont.
Cole, G, 2007, Criminal Justice, Thomason, Belmont.
Fox, L, 2004, Enron, Hoboken, Wiley.
Kunzelman, M, 2013, BP Spill Trial, Huffington Post. Available from: [3 June 2013].
Employment Laws in the United Kingdom
The author of this report will offer a summary of two important laws and regulations when it comes to employment in the United Kingdom. Those two pieces of law will be the Employment Rights Act of 1996, commonly known as ERA 1996, and the Equality Act of 2010, commonly known as the EA 2010. For both laws, the particulars, specifics and common requirements for all parties involved, both employee and employer, will be covered. While the two laws covered in this report were pass nearly a generation apart, both of them hold a very important place in the employment law paradigm in the United Kingdom.
Employment Rights Act of 1996
Scope & Summary
There are several important requirements and regulations when it comes to the Employment Rights Act of 1996. When an employee starts work with an employer, they are obligated to get a summary of terms and requirements. As…… [Read More]
Employment Laws the Need for Seasonal Employees
The need for seasonal employees comes at harvest time every year for agricultural farming companies. In order to have enough employees to get the job done on time, often workers come across the border from Mexico. There are a number of federal laws that employers must follow including the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1991, Equal Pay Act of 1963, Age Discrimination Act of 1967, Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, the Tax Reform Acts of 1969, 1976, and 1986, Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, among others. Employees have the right to equal treatment at work regardless of age, gender, race, religion, national origin, disability or citizenship status (Your Employment Rights, 2010). The only requirement is a legal authorization to work in the U.S. Employers must complete and maintain a Form I-9, which lists different documents employees can use to show proof of identity and…… [Read More]
Employment Law Guide: Laws, Regulations, and Technical Assistance Services. (2009, Sept). Retrieved from United States Department of Labor: http://www.dol.gov/compliance/guide/index.htm
Your Employment Rights. (2010, Mar). Retrieved from texas.gov: http://www.texasbar.com/Content/NavigationMen...ation/EmploymentLaw/YourEmploymentRights.pdf
Summary of Texas Minimum Wage Act. (2011, Sept 30). Retrieved from The Texas Workforce Commission: http://www.twc.state.tx.us/ui/lablaw/tmwsum.html
Human Resource Management. (n.d.). Retrieved from eNotes: http://www.enotes.com/human-resource-management-reference/human-resource-management-176758
Employment or Academic Resume to Report I
Words: 1306 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Admission Essay Paper #: 73409787
employment or academic resume to report, I nevertheless appreciate the opportunity to tell you more about what I hope to accomplish while at NYU Stern and how I hope to contribute to the faculty and student body. My extracurricular interests and my core curricular interests will both reflect my passion for global business and the future of information systems. I appreciate the flexibility of the Stern MBA program, especially because I am used to being self-directed and independent in my academic and personal careers. In addition to the General Management curriculum I will like to specialize in Information Systems and am also considering meeting with academic advisors while at Stern to discuss whether or not a second area of specialization in either Finance or International Finance would be appropriate. My academic objectives parallel my career and personal goals, as I hope to work as a financial analyst or consultant for…… [Read More]
Employment Laws and HRM Strategy
Maryland Labor Laws
INTRODCUTION
A knowledgeable and well-trained human resources department in any organization is a very valuable asset due to the scope and importance of employment relations and the effects that those relations have on the profitability of that organization. New laws and regulations regarding employee relations appear often and the ability to manage these rules and regulations is mandatory if that business desires to be successful. The purpose of this essay is to explore a specific human resources issue and design a plan to address the problems that may arise from this issue.
This essay will examine the important circumstances that arise when dealing with employees with disabilities. The human resources plan presented in this example will address the issue of an introduction of new technology for employees who may experience physical limitations. Before detailing the plan, I will list and describe the federal and Maryland state laws…… [Read More]
Aitken, R. (1993). Human Resources Planning: Issues and Methods. Department of Population and International Health, Harvard University, July 1993. Retrieved from http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ihsg/publications/pdf/No-1.PDF
Boudreau JW & Ramstad PM (2006). "Talentship and Human Resource Measurement
and Analysis: From ROI to Strategic Organizational Change," Human Resource
Planning, 29(1).
Employment Law in Vietnam Summary of Minimum
Employment Law in Vietnam
Summary of Minimum Statutory Entitlements
Discrimination Laws
Data Privacy Legislation
The Mandatory Social Security Fund
Summary of Visa Requirements www.mayerbrownjsm.com
This booklet provides general advice only and should not be treated as a substitute for legal advice. While care has been taken to ensure that details are correct, no responsibility can be taken for losses arising from the reliance upon its contents. Should you have any speci? c questions please contact Dao Nguyen on +84 8 822-8860 or email at dao.- -- .
© 2008. Mayer Brown LLP, Mayer Brown International LLP, and/or JSM.
Mayer Brown is a global legal services organisation comprising
legal practices that are separate entities ("Mayer Brown Practices").
The Mayer Brown Practices are: Mayer Brown LLP, a limited liability partnership established in the United States; Mayer Brown International
LLP, a limited liability…… [Read More]
Employment Law Criminal Law to the Security Manager
Advice on Handling Dismissals
The Minimum Wage
Working Time egulations
WOKES AND EMPLOYMENT
DISCIMINATION
Gender and Sexual Orientation Discrimination
Gender eassignment
Discrimination on Grounds of ace or eligion or Age
Treatment of employees has come under scrutiny in the last few decades. Legislation has been passed to help facilitate effective regulation of a business/work environment. The areas covered by legislation are: employment contracts, work-related regulations (ie. Breaks and work conditions), minimum wage rates, unlawful/unfair dismissal, and discrimination/harassment on the grounds of gender, sexual preference, race, religious beliefs, disability, and in recent years, age. Legislation of this nature need to be a major concern for employers to not only follow, but implement. Dismissal of legislation could lead to large penalties, associated with compensation and legal fees.
Infringement of employees rights may also lead to a company/organization's poor public image. As most businesses know, maintaining a positive public…… [Read More]
Ashworth, A. 1995. Principles of criminal law. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, p. 87.
Computer World. 1996. IT security managers too focused on compliance, experts say. [online] Available at: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9237254/IT_security_managers_too_focused_on_compliance_experts_say [Accessed: 12 Jun 2013].
Fay, J. 2007. Encyclopedia of Security Management. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, p. 249.
Fletcher, G. 1998. Basic Concepts of Criminal Law. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, p. 45.
Organization Behavior
Human esource Management Policies of Wal-Mart
Employment Law Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart is a large scale multinational retailer that employs more than 2.2 million employees in 27 countries. The management of this large workforce requires it to implement effective human resource management and employment relations policies at its workplace. Wal-Mart believes in effective recruitment and selection process in order to fill the vacant job positions with the most talented and skillful employees. It uses one way and two way virtual interviewing techniques in order to minimize its heavy recruitment and administrative costs. Wal-Mart generally fills its vacant job positions from the industry through fresh graduate induction and experienced professionals. It trains them through different methods in order to make them learn the most advanced knowledge related to their job responsibilities.
The Wal-Mart workforce consists of individuals from different cultures, nationalities, and races. In order…… [Read More]
Bergdahl, 2010, How the HR Division at Wal-Mart drives the Company's Success through People. Available at [Accessed November 28th, 2012]
Celentino, J. 2012, Wal-Mart Doesn't Owe Pregnancy Light Duty. Available from [Accessed November 29th, 2012]
Greenwald, J. 2011, Court rules against Wal-Mart in sexual harassment, retaliation case. Available from [Accessed November 29th, 2012]
Hinshaw & Culbertson, 2012, Wal-Mart Follows Properly-Drafted Accommodation Policy, Still Ends Up Potentially Liable for Retaliation. Available from [Accessed November 29th, 2012]
new HR manager for this fictitious (private sector) company, which has hundreds of employees and is clearly obligated under Title VII and other major employment regulations. Rather than starting over from scratch with a brand new application form, many HR managers would likely take a look at the existing form first.
Using the table located at the very bottom of this document, identify the ten (10) items that are legally problematic* on this employment application form, why they are problematic, and what could possibly be in their place, if applicable. Use of the table is required.
*By problematic we are looking for possible violations of various employment regulations. Note that some may not be blatantly illegal, but, rather problematic and best to avoid as a best practice.
One final tip: Do not focus on stylist elements such as the layout of the application form or questions you do not "like."…… [Read More]
Employment at Will Concept in the Modern Work Environment
Words: 656 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Paper #: 11759084
Gizmo Inc.
Will either of their grievances be heard in court? Why?
Becky's case has a very realistic possibility of being heard in court. This is from releasing her at a time when she was experiencing complication during her pregnancy. In this situation, she can claim that the company did not abide by the different provisions of the law through terminating her employment (after she asked and was initially granted maternity leave). This surpasses the arbitration clause in her employment contract by directly violating the Family Leave and Medical Act. (Cihon, 2013)
Under the law, she can take up to 12 weeks off without having fear of retribution, demotion or suspension. However, in order to be eligible, she must request leave with 30 days prior notification to her employers. Evidence of this can be seen with guidance provided to employers from the Department of Labor which states, "Employees must comply…… [Read More]
Cihon, P. (2013). Employment and Labor Law. Mason, OH: Southwestern.
The Family Medical Leave Act. (2014). DOL. Retrieved from: http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs28.pdf
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Evan Gove
Royal, Norwegian Enter Historic Collaboration
The Healthy Sail Panel is a collaboration with multiple doctors and infectious disease professionals
Cruise ships from various brands docked at PortMiami
Two of the biggest names in cruise are collaborating for the first time ever on new health and safety standards for the cruise industry. Royal Caribbean Group and Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings are working with leading public health experts to oversee the new protocols and standards aimed at keeping guests healthy and safe on their next cruise vacation.
The collaboration is being called the “Healthy Sail Panel” and is tasked with collaboratively developing recommendations for cruise lines to advance their public health response to COVID-19, improve safety, and achieve readiness for the safe resumption of operations.
What is the Healthy Sail Panel?
The Healthy Sail Panel will be led by former Utah Governor Mike Leavitt, who was also the Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2005 to 2009, as well as Dr. Scott Gottlieb, the former commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration from 2017 until 2019. Already in operation for more than a month, the panel is expected to release their findings and recommendations sometime in August.
“In convening the Healthy Sail Panel, we sought the participation of a diverse group of leading experts in areas of science and public health that are directly relevant to the considerations listed by the No Sail Order,” said Governor Leavitt. “We view our work as a profoundly important public health effort. The health and safety of passengers, crew and the communities that cruise ships visit will be the principal focus of this project.”
https://www.porthole.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Royal-Norwegian-Enter-Historic-Collaboration.mp4
Though Royal Caribbean and Norwegian Cruise Line compete for business, both understand that collaboration could help bolster an industry that’s fallen on hard times. As the saying goes, a rising tide lifts all boats.
“This unprecedented disease requires us to develop unprecedented standards in health and safety,” said Richard D. Fain, chairman and CEO, Royal Caribbean Group. “Bringing aboard these respected experts to guide us forward demonstrates our commitment to protecting our guests, our crews and the communities we visit.”
“We compete for the vacationing consumer’s business every day, but we never compete on health and safety standards,” said Frank Del Rio, president and CEO, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd. “While the cruise industry has always had rigorous health standards, the unique challenges posed by COVID-19 provide an opportunity to raise the bar even higher.”
The collaboration between the cruise lines drew praise from around the industry.
“Health and safety are the highest priority for all CLIA cruise line members as demonstrated by this initiative on the part of two of our largest members. We commend this and parallel efforts of all of our members, large and small, who are working tirelessly to develop appropriate protocols based on input from health authorities and medical experts in the U.S. and abroad,” said Kelly Craighead, president and CEO of Cruise Lines International Association.
Other members of the Healthy Sail Panel include:
Helene Gayle, M.D., M.P.H. – CEO of the Chicago Community Trust
Julie Gerberding, M.D., M.P.H. – Executive Vice President and Chief Patient Officer for Merck and former Director of the CDC
Steven Hinrichs, M.D. – Professor and Chair in the Department of Pathology and Microbiology at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha and the Director of the Nebraska Public Health Laboratory, and Director of the University of Nebraska Center for Biosecurity
Michael Osterholm, M.D., Ph.D. – Director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota
Stephen Ostroff, M.D. – Former Acting Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration from 2015-2016, and before that served as the FDA’s chief scientist. Former chief medical officer in the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition and Senior Public Health Advisor to the FDA’s Office of Foods and Veterinary Medicine and former Deputy Director of the National Center for Infectious Diseases at the CDC
William Rutala, Ph.D., M.S., M.P.H. – An expert in the fields of epidemiology and virology, particularly managing outbreaks and emerging pathogens
Kate Walsh, Ph.D. – Dean at the School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University and E.M. Statler Professor
Captain Patrik Dahlgren – Senior Vice President of Global Marine Operations and Fleet Optimization for all Royal Caribbean Group global brands
Robin Lindsay – Executive Vice President of Vessel Operations for Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd.
Let us know your comments!
#CLIA#COVID-19#cruise#Cruise Lines#cruise ship#cruising#Disease#Doctor#Frank Del Rio#health#Healthy Sail Panel#Kelly Craighead#Norwegian Cruise Line#Richard Fain#Royal Caribbean International#Safe#Safety#Travel#vacation
Evan Gove is the SEO & Content Manager for Porthole Cruise's digital department. He covers cruise industry news and writes ship reviews for porthole.com. You can also catch him as a guest on the YouTube series Cruise Control with Bill Panoff. Follow his tweets and posts about the cruise industry from Porthole Cruise's social media accounts.
View all posts by Evan Gove
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Deep In The Art Of Mexico
Steve Leland - December 29, 2020
It was a tough week for cruisers as more cruise lines pushed their start dates back until the Spring, but there's plenty of positivity surrounding the industry…
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Email Spam Protection
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Uber Gets Hefty Fine From The EU For Data Breach
Posted by Mersad On December 11, 2018
In recent years we've seen several companies suffer from hacks of various magnitudes. Over time, we've witnessed the growth of what could be described as best practices in terms of how to respond.
The typical arc goes something like this:
The hack is discovered. Immediately thereafter, the company discloses the pertinent details about the hack, including the number of users impacted, and specifics on what data was compromised. They apologize, tighten up their processes, and often pay for a year (or more) of free credit monitoring for users who were affected by the breach.
All they while, they're working with law enforcement to get to the bottom of who hacked them in order to bring the perpetrators to justice. That's not the path Uber chose to take when they were hacked two years ago.
Instead, when the hackers contacted Uber and demanded $100,000 to reveal how they compromised Uber's system, the company quietly paid up, and said the payment was a very large bug bounty. A year later, the company informed the users who had their data compromised.
Needless to say, that's fairly far removed from the established best practices. When the details came to light, the EU took action.
Recently, the UK's ICO (Information Commissioner's Office) and its data protection authority in the Netherlands both announced a decision to fine Uber for the disclosure delay. The UK fine amounted to £385,000 and the fine from the Netherlands amounted to €600.000.
In all, the breach impacted some 2.7 million users in the UK and nearly 200,000 in the Netherlands.
A spokesman from the Information Commissioner's Office had this to say about the matter: "The incident, a serious breach of principle seven of the Data Protection Act 1998 had the potential to expose the customers and drivers affected to increased risk of fraud."
Ultimately, the fines amount to little more than a slap on the wrist. Uber got off easy in that regard, but hopefully, the slap was hard enough that should another such incident occur, they'll choose to handle it very differently.
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The Top 10 Ways Hackers Get Around Your Firewall And Anti-Virus To Rob You Blind
Cybercrime is at an all-time high, and hackers are setting their sights on small and medium businesses who are “low hanging fruit.” Don’t be their next victim! This report reveals the most common ways that hackers get in and how to protect yourself today.
Pinnacle Access Inc.| IT Services & Support for San Diego, CA $$$
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Chris Kraft, first flight director for NASA, dead at 95
The 'father of Mission Control' died just two days after the 50th anniversary of what was his and NASA's crowning achievement: Apollo 11's moon landing.
By SETH BORENSTEINAssociated Press
In this undated photo provided by NASA, Christopher Kraft, flight director during Project Mercury, works at his console at Mercury Mission Control in Houston. NASA via AP
WASHINGTON — Behind America’s late leap into orbit and triumphant small step on the moon was the agile mind and guts-of-steel of Chris Kraft, making split-second decisions that propelled the nation to once unimaginable heights.
Kraft, the creator and longtime leader of NASA’s Mission Control, died Monday in Houston, just two days after the 50th anniversary of what was his and NASA’s crowning achievement: Apollo 11’s moon landing. He was 95.
Christopher Columbus Kraft Jr. never flew in space, but “held the success or failure of American human spaceflight in his hands,” Neil Armstrong, the first man-on-the-moon, told The Associated Press in 2011.
Kraft founded Mission Control and created the job of flight director – later comparing it to an orchestra conductor – and established how flights would be run as the space race between the U.S. and Soviets heated up. The legendary engineer served as flight director for all of the one-man Mercury flights and seven of the two-man Gemini flights, helped design the Apollo missions that took 12 Americans to the moon from 1969 to 1972 and later served as director of the Johnson Space Center until 1982, overseeing the beginning of the era of the space shuttle.
Armstrong once called him “the man who was the ‘Control’ in Mission Control.”
“From the moment the mission starts until the moment the crew is safe on board a recovery ship, I’m in charge,” Kraft wrote in his 2002 book “Flight: My Life in Mission Control.”
“No one can overrule me. … They can fire me after it’s over. But while the mission is under way, I’m Flight. And Flight is God.”
NASA Mission Control founder Chris Kraft in the old Mission Control at Johnson Space Center in Houston in 2011. David J. Phillip/Associated Press, file
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine on Monday called Kraft “a national treasure,” saying, “We stand on his shoulders as we reach deeper into the solar system, and he will always be with us on those journeys.”
Kraft became known as “the father of Mission Control” and in 2011 NASA returned the favor by naming the Houston building that houses the nerve center after Kraft.
“It’s where the heart of the mission is,” Kraft said in an April 2010 AP interview. “It’s where decisions are made every day, small and large. … We realized that the people that had the moxie, that had the knowledge, were there and could make the decisions.”
That’s what Chris Kraft’s Mission Control was about: smart people with knowledge discussing options quickly and the flight director making a quick, informed decision, said former Smithsonian Institution space historian Roger Launius. It’s the place that held its collective breath as Neil Armstrong was guiding the Eagle lunar lander on the moon while fuel was running out. And it’s the place that improvised a last-minute rescue of Apollo 13 – a dramatic scenario that later made the unsung engineers heroes in a popular movie.
Soon it became more than NASA’s Mission Control. Hurricane forecasting centers, city crisis centers, even the Russian space center are all modeled after the Mission Control that Kraft created, Launius said.
Leading up to the first launch to put an American, John Glenn, in orbit, a reporter asked Kraft about the odds of success and he replied: “If I thought about the odds at all, we’d never go to the pad.”
“It was a wonderful life. I can’t think of anything that an aeronautical engineer would get more out of, than what we were asked to do in the space program, in the ’60s,” Kraft said on NASA’s website marking the 50th anniversary of the agency in 2008.
In the early days of Mercury at Florida’s Cape Canaveral, before Mission Control moved to Houston in 1965, there were no computer displays, “all you had was grease pencils,” Kraft recalled. The average age of the flight control team was 26; Kraft was 38.
“We didn’t know a damn thing about putting a man into space,” Kraft wrote in his autobiography. “We had no idea how much it should or would cost. And at best, we were engineers trained to do, not business experts trained to manage.”
NASA trailed the Soviet space program and suffered through many failed launches in the early days, before the manned flights began in 1961. Kraft later recalled thinking President John F. Kennedy “had lost his mind” when in May 1961 he set as a goal a manned trip to the moon “before this decade is out.”
“We had a total of 15 minutes of manned spaceflight experience, we hadn’t flown Mercury in orbit yet, and here’s a guy telling me we’re going to fly to the moon. … Doing it was one thing, but doing it in this decade was to me too risky,” Kraft told AP in 1989.
“Frankly it scared the hell out of me,” he said at a 2009 lecture at the Smithsonian.
One of the most dramatic moments came during Scott Carpenter’s May 1962 mission as the second American to orbit the earth. Carpenter landed 288 miles off target because of low fuel and other problems. He was eventually found safely floating in his life raft. Kraft blamed Carpenter for making poor decisions. Tom Wolfe’s book “The Right Stuff” said Kraft angrily vowed that Carpenter “will never fly for me again!” But Carpenter said he did the best he could when the machinery malfunctioned.
After the two-man Gemini flights, Kraft moved up NASA management to be in charge of manned spaceflight and was stunned by the Apollo 1 training fire that killed three astronauts.
Gene Kranz, who later would become NASA’s flight director for the Apollo mission that took man to the moon, said Kraft did not at first impress him as a leader. But Kranz eventually saw Kraft as similar to a judo instructor, allowing his student to grow in skills, then stepping aside.
“Chris Kraft had pioneered Mission Control and fought the battles in Mercury and Gemini, serving as the role model of the flight director. He proved the need for real-time leadership,” Kranz wrote in his book, “Failure Is Not An Option: Mission Control from Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond.”
Born in 1924, Kraft grew up in Phoebus, Virginia, now part of Hampton, about 75 miles southeast of Richmond. In his autobiography, Kraft said with the name Christopher Columbus Kraft Jr., “some of my life’s direction was settled from the start.”
After graduating from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1944, Kraft took a job with aircraft manufacturer Chance Vought to build warplanes, but he quickly realized it wasn’t for him. He returned to Virginia, where he accepted a job with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, not far from Phoebus.
Kraft’s first job was to figure out what happens to airplanes as they approach the speed of sound.
After his retirement, Kraft served as an aerospace consultant and was chairman of a panel in the mid-1990s looking for a cheaper way to manage the shuttle program.
Later, as the space shuttle program was being phased out after 30 years, Kraft blasted as foolish the decision to retire the shuttles, which he called “the safest machines ever built.”
Kraft said he considered himself fortunate to be part of the team that sent Americans to space and called it a sad day when the shuttles stopped flying.
“The people of Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo are blossoms on the moon. Their spirits will live there forever,” he wrote. “I was part of that crowd, then part of the leadership that opened space travel to human beings. We threw a narrow flash of light across our nation’s history. I was there at the best of times.”
Kraft and his wife, Betty Anne, were married in 1950. They had a son, Gordon, and a daughter, Kristi-Anne.
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RANDOM SPECIFICS
Matthew Arkin
AN ACTOR'S CREDO
Why what we do matters.
Ah, the holidays. The end of one year, the beginning of another. A time of joy and inspiration for many of us, of family pressure and craziness for others. A time of looking back and evaluating, of looking forward and committing to new goals and ideals. A time when our emotional pot can get stirred. This year, many of us are facing financial uncertainty unprecedented in our lifetimes, both for ourselves and the nation as a whole. This can lead to a lot of questioning and soul searching, particularly for those of us who have chosen to follow a career in the arts, a career known for financial instability even during the best of times. Sometimes the voices in our heads can get very loud. We might look at our wallets and ask, “What am I doing with my life?” We might look at our work and ask, “Does any of this really matter?” So now that the holidays are over, and we are getting back to day-to-day business, I’d like to share some of the thoughts that percolated through my eggnog-and-shopping-crowd addled brain throughout the season.
For me, at times of stress, general questions about goals and ideals in life become more focused into questions about the value and purpose of what we as actors do with our careers. After all, we’re really just storytellers, purveyors of entertainment and diversion. There are serious problems in the world. What are we, artists, doing about these problems? We’re not curing cancer, or housing the homeless, or feeding the hungry.
Or are we?
December, 2001 in New York City. The first holiday season since the towers came down. 9/11 had thrown everything into sharp contrast for me, and like so many others, I was having a crisis of faith. I wasn’t sure what I could grab onto to keep me steady when the world was rocking so violently. Prior to the attacks, my role as father and provider gave me an identity. After the attacks, when my then wife and my child were feeling afraid and insecure in a world that had always seemed safe to them, that role felt more like a burdensome weight than an anchor that kept me moored in a turbulent sea. I was being looked to for strength, context and answers that I didn’t have. At the time, I had not developed a strong spiritual practice or connection to anything, and so I didn’t feel I had those things to give. And though finances were pretty good — I was working steadily as an actor, lots of theater, a recurring role on a television drama, tons of voiceover work — a career in the arts is always tenuous. It was an unsettling time.
One day I was making my rounds in the city, pondering these questions. Cheerful holiday advertisements were a painful and hollow contrast to the questioning and mournful mood of the city’s residents, who were not yet ready to celebrate, so soon after the tragedy. Riding the subway, hurrying to my next appointment, the rattle of the cars was a welcome relief after the cacophony of carols blaring from every open store, shallowly proclaiming the joy of the season. I got off at my stop and was walking down the platform toward the exit when a young woman caught my sleeve and said, “Excuse me, but I have to tell you that you saved my marriage.”
I stopped short, confused. I must have looked dumbfounded. I had never seen her before. I may have said “What?”
“I’m sorry,” she continued, “I saw you on the subway, and I just had to let you know.” We stood there on the platform as trains came and went, and she told me her story. She and her husband were both actors. They had been married for a couple of years, both of them struggling to make a living at their craft, studying, holding down menial support jobs so they could go after their dreams. After a while, things had started to go better for her. She was getting a good amount of paying work, and no longer had to do anything else to bring money in — was, indeed, too busy to do other things. But the same was not true for her husband. Instead, for him, things were getting worse. Nothing was happening in his career, and he had to devote himself more seriously to something else in order to make the necessary amount of money. Construction, I think it was, or perhaps carpentry. Although he was happy for her, it was difficult for him, watching her success grow, and he became demoralized. He was working so hard, for longer hours and for so much less money than her, at something with so much less “prestige,” whatever that is, and his ego was taking a hammering. There was tension between them. She suggested counseling, for him and for them as a couple. He was resistant. The tension grew into friction and, as she put it, their marriage was circling the drain. Still he would not agree to counseling, and she started to wait, with resignation, for the end.
Then one day a friend offered them two tickets to “Dinner With Friends,” a play I was doing in New York at the time. It is a wonderful play about, among other things, the difficulties a marriage can face as romance melts into comfort and then congeals into mere routine. They took the tickets, and at intermission, in the lobby, this young woman’s husband broke down in tears, told her he had been a fool, that he had been forgetting what they had, that he would do whatever he could to save their marriage. They got into counseling, and now, two years later, she told me, they were going to make it.
Now I am under no illusions about this story. I know that I didn’t save this woman’s marriage, any more than the paramedic who uses a defibrillator saves someone’s life. Hundreds of people save the life of a heart attack victim — all the people who play a part in the system: The donor who buys the defibrillators for the hospital, the councilman who votes for the funding for the paramedics, the man who invented defibrillators in the first place. But the point is that without each link in that chain, the heart attack victim dies. Likewise with the events that saved this woman’s marriage. I was merely doing my job to the best of my abilities. I was playing my part in a process — I was a link in a chain.
I believe that the work that we do as actors and writers sends energy out into the universe, and we can never know where that energy is going to go, or what it is going to do when it gets there. Meditating on this simple fact can be very freeing in your work. It will help you to get your focus off of yourself. It will make your work about something outside yourself, and your petty concerns. That will make you a better actor. It is ironic, but true, that the less you think about yourself, the more of yourself you can bring to your work. Of course, so many of the jobs that we do to survive seem to have no redeeming value other than the money that they bring us. This is true even of many high paying acting jobs: the Tide commercial, the 3 episode arc on Gossip Girl — probably not going to save a marriage with either of those. But again, links in a chain, and work that enables you to go out and pursue all the other jobs that do have the potential to be a gift in someone’s life. Think of the Beverly Hills plastic surgeon who does liposuction, breast augmentation, botox and collagen injections, and then volunteers at a low income medical care clinic and fixes a child’s cleft palate. One job supports the other, and a life is changed.
A friend of mine once told the following story, particularly apt to this discussion. When she was a student in college, her family situation was difficult, and her social life at school was not going well. She was afflicted with a serious illness from which she would never recover, leaving her with some permanent physical challenges. As the holidays approached, her sense of loneliness and isolation increased to the point where she resolved to end her life. She gathered the necessary supplies, and was setting them up on the table in her small apartment, with only the noise of the television to keep her company. At around one o’clock in the morning, as she was preparing to take her pills, the opening credits of Frank Capra’s It’s A Wonderful Life began to roll. She had never seen the movie, but she watched it then, start to finish, and when it was over, she flushed the pills down the toilet.
The Talmud tells us “And whoever saves a life, it is considered as if he saved an entire world.” I think about this often. Now of course we never know how our work plays out in the grand scheme of things. I don’t know, for instance, if the people whose marriage I “saved” will go on to have a kid who discovers the cure for cancer. But I also don’t know that they won’t. It doesn’t matter. What does matter is that I did my part. It’s not up to us what happens after we have followed our dreams and done our best. What is up to us is the decision to use the gifts that we are given, and trusting that a power greater than us has a design that we can’t see.
When a day passes, it is no longer there. What remains of it? Nothing more than a story. If stories weren’t told or books weren’t written, man would live like beasts, only for the day. Today we live, but tomorrow today will be a story. The whole world, all human life, is one long story.
© 2012 Matthew Arkin
Thoughts on craft and the creative drive.
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Insecurity- Kaduna state Government to install CCTV in affected areas -Gov El-Rufai
As part of measures to tackle the incessant killings in Southern Kaduna, the state governor, Nasir El-Rufai, has declared that his government has awarded a contract for CCTV’s to be installed in the local governments that have been affected by the killings
The governor made this disclosure in a statement released after meeting with the President of the Christian Association of Nigeria, Revd. Supo Ayokunle, and other CAN leaders in Kaduna on Monday, August 17.
The statement in part reads
”Since last month, the state government and security agencies have been working to contain an upsurge in violence and needless killings in parts of the state. We are deeply saddened by the loss of lives in a totally unnecessary frenzy of communal attacks, reprisals and revenge.
While we mourn the dead, our immediate focus remains to stop the cycle of attacks and reprisals. We remain committed to ending the legacy of violence that has blighted the state for 40 years, needlessly taken many lives and curtailed the life chances of others.
We will continue to support the security agencies to restore calm in the affected communities. Over the last five years, we have invested heavily in the security sector. We have consistently provided vehicles and other logistics support to the security agencies that are deployed in the state.
We are also addressing the technology side of security, through the procurement of drones, the award of contracts to install CCTVs in phases in Kaduna, Kafanchan and Zaria metropolitan areas, build a command and control centre and establish a forensic laboratory.”
Governor El-Rufai who had earlier said Southern Kaduna leaders want his administration to appease them with brown envelopes.
The Kaduna state governor, however, vowed that he will not grease the palms of those whom he described trouble-makers.
El-Rufai added that leaders caught inciting violence will be prosecuted
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Riddles for kids, riddles for kids with answers, hard riddles for kids, easy riddles for kids, funny riddles for kids, math riddles for kids
Easy Riddle
Hard Riddle
Other Riddles
Which entertainer is mentioned by name in the theme song to TV’s “All in the Family”?
January 12, 2021 January 12, 2021 sarah
Trivia Question: Which entertainer is mentioned by name in the theme song to TV’s All in the Family?
Glen Miller
The answer is: Glen Miller
Answer: On this day in 1971, the sitcom “All in the Family” premiered on CBS. The opening theme song “Those Were the Days”, was presented in a unique way for a 1970s series: Carroll O’Connor and Jean Stapleton seated at a piano and singing the tune on-camera at the start of every episode, concluding with live-audience applause.
An old man wanted to leave all of his money to one of his three sons, but he didn’t know which one he should give it to.
Загадка Про Цо
Which U.S. President is on the $2 bill?
Joe and Sally were sitting in their family room one night.
Which tire manufacturer created a system that awards stars to restaurants with excellent food?
Слова Заканчивающиеся На Цо Загадка
What TV comedian was instrumental in putting the original “Star Trek” on the air?
I am taken from a mine, and shut up in a wooden case
Railway Riddles
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CAN MY ACCIDENT BE COVERED UNDER BOTH THE LONGSHORE ACT AND THE JONES ACT?
If you have been injured at your job in the maritime industry, then your injury may be covered by either the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act (Longshore Act) or the Jones Act – but not both. The real challenge is understanding the difference between the two laws so you can determine under which law your injury falls.
In this article, we will delve into the basics of both Acts, the differences between the two, and why there is confusion as to whether they overlap. Given that there is some complexity in differentiating between the Longshore Act and the Jones Act, it is always smartest to obtain the services of an experienced Longshore Act attorney.
We at RITE law know the difficulties that confront workers injured on the job. Our expert team has decades of experience, and a proven track record of success, helping injured clients navigate the Longshore Act and even Jones Act issues. Because there are some short deadlines with regard to workers’ compensation claims under the Longshore Act, call us as soon as possible for a free consultation at 904-500-7483.
The Longshore Act
The purpose of the Longshore Act is to provide compensation and medical treatment for employees who suffer injuries occurring on the navigable waters or ports of the United States.
The employees covered by the Longshore Act are those engaged in maritime work, or in a maritime occupation on the navigable waters of the U.S. or in adjoining waterfront areas. That includes a longshoreman or other person in longshoring operations, and any harbor worker, such as workers who repair, build, or break down ships. Notably, however, the Longshore Act does not cover masters or crew members of a vessel.
With regard to the benefits provided, the Longshore Act is a workers’ compensation program. Accordingly, the types of benefits provided include:
Job rehabilitation compensation
Typical of most workers’ compensation programs, benefits for pain and suffering, and loss of quality of life are not available under the Longshore Act.
The Longshore Act is administered by the U.S. Department of Labor. There are a number of deadlines, forms, and notice requirements connected to the Longshore Act, which all go through the Department of Labor.
The Jones Act
The Jones Act, originally passed by Congress in the 1920s and most recently updated in 2006, was designed specifically for protection against negligence in the maritime industry. The notion of “negligence” in this context is rather broad and could include injuries that were the result of a poorly trained crew, too few crew members on a vessel, or improperly secured cargo, to name a few.
The people covered by the Jones Act include any seaman, from the captain down to the lowest level worker, who spends at least 30% of his or her time onboard an “in navigation” vessel, and whose duties contribute to the ship’s function. “In navigation” means that a vessel is floating and operable, whether the vessel is at sea or in port. A vessel that is in a dry dock is not considered to be “in navigation,” for purposes of the Jones Act.
The Jones Act, in contrast to the Longshore Act, is not a workers’ compensation program. Rather, the Jones Act allows for negligence lawsuits in court. As such, the benefits available to injured seaman are those that typically can result from a negligence lawsuit, including a daily living allowance, medical costs, pain and suffering, and punitive damages. The family of seamen who were fatally injured can also sue under the Jones Act.
The Differences: Longshore Act vs. Jones Act
At first blush, it may seem like the Longshore Act and the Jones Act cover the same territory because of they both deal with the maritime industry. But, in fact, the Acts are mutually exclusive. If you get a remedy under one Act, then the other Act is not available to you. Indeed, the Acts are quite different. The areas of difference are in who is covered, what benefits are available, and where the Act is administered.
Who is covered. The Longshore Act covers any maritime workers who are not masters or crew members of a vessel. The Jones Act, by contrast, only covers seamen who spend more than 30% of the time towards the functioning of an “in navigation” vessel.
What benefits are available. The Longshore Act, being a workers’ compensation program, provides benefits for injuries that do not include pain and suffering or punitive damages. The Jones Act is not part of a compensation program, but rather is permission to sue in a court of law for negligence. That means that all legal remedies, including pain and suffering and punitive damages, are available.
Where the Act is administered. The Longshore Act is regulated by the Department of Labor. The Jones Act, however, is handled in court like any other lawsuit. There is right to a jury trial under the Jones Act, and no government agency is involved. Thus, the parameters of the Longshore Act do not apply to the Jones Act.
The Uncertainty as to which Act Applies
In theory, it is clear why the Longshore Act and the Jones Act are mutually exclusive. The Jones Act covers vessel masters and crew members, and the Longshore Act covers the remainder of workers in the maritime industry on the sea and at seaports. However, in practice uncertainty abounds.
The uncertainty arises in terms of where an injury worker belongs. Determining whether someone contributes to a vessel 30% of his or her time, and therefore is a “seaman” for Jones Act purposes, is a fact-sensitive inquiry. Similarly, the definition of a vessel or whether it is “in navigation” has potential for many “gray areas.”
Thus, having a seasoned LHWCA attorneys to assist you is vital to determine how to deal with a work injury. Given that the Jones Act carries the potential for much greater compensation, you need to understand what your options are. The firm of RITE law understands your need to get answers to your work injury questions. Having handled thousands of injured maritime workers claims, our legal professionals will be able to give you the highest quality service. Call today at 904-500-7483.
HOW ARE DISABILITY BENEFITS CALCULATED UNDER THE DEFENSE BASE ACT? THE ANSWER... CAN I BE FIRED AFTER I FILE A WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIM IN FLORIDA? THE...
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Equifax Left Out of Credit After Data Breach
Redstor posted in Ransomware ● 12 Sep 2017
When any globally recognised organisation reports a data breach there are going to be a number of concerned parties, for Equifax there are literally hundreds of millions of concerned parties. The company has reported that a large-scale data breach led to the records of up to 143 million customers in the States being stolen, in addition to an unknown number of Canadian and British customers.
Unsurprisingly the company’s stock value has dropped some 13% since the event and all eyes now turn back to the company as the fall-out is evaluated and they are left to clear up the mess.
For Hacks Sake!
Although full details of how the data was stolen have not emerged, Equifax have been forthcoming with information and official statements, including that of CEO Richard Smith.
“This is clearly a disappointing event for our company, and on that, strikes at the heart of who we are and what we do”
Among the data stolen by hackers over an almost two-month period, Mid-May to July, it is believed that over 200,000 credit card details were taken. Hackers were able to ascertain access to systems via a ‘website application vulnerability’. It has been reported that Equifax’s core database systems remained intact and had not been accessed; Equifax holds data for more than 890 million customers and over 90 million businesses. Protecting data on that scale is a challenging task but for such a large organisation with such an established business in data, more should have been done.
With this hack making headlines globally it’s not much of a surprise that many regulators and authorities have begun investigating the hack. Among these is the FBI and in the UK the ICO who have stated that this hack is “cause for concern”, and cause for financial penalisation in the not too distant future.
The ICO (Information Commissioners Office) is the data regulatory authority in the United Kingdom and will be responsible for ensuring that any British citizens affected by the breach are treated in the correct way. Equifax has a responsibility to adhere to data laws of countries where it operates and should be well aware of the impending General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Under the GDPR organisations can see fines of up to £17 million or 4% of global revenue for serious data breaches such as this one.
“The Credit Bureaus have for the most part shown themselves to be terrible stewards of very sensitive data… more oversight [is needed] from regulators and law makers”- Cyber Security Expert, Brian Krebs.
The Breach Threat
Data breaches can come in many forms ranging in size and severity, the accidental loss or deletion of data is classified as a data breach but is often not as severe as a hack or external breach. Cyber-security threats are not new; however, the last 18 months have seen an unprecedented rise in the number of attacks reported, especially with malware and ransomware. It is important for organisations of all sizes, global or otherwise, to ensure that steps have been taken to mitigate the risk of a data breach. Steps can include:
Implementing an accurate reporting process
Limiting access to sensitive information
Securing data on split networks
Taking an off-site backup of data
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[view] => blade
Blade (United States, 1998)
Vampires. Few creatures of legend speak to human terror on a more fundamental level. Ever since the silent days of movies, when F.W. Murnau chilled audiences with Nosferatu, a creepy, atmospheric adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula, film-goers have been entranced by vampires on the big screen. The worldwide blockbuster success of two recent pictures, Interview with a Vampire and Bram Stoker's Dracula, indicates that the lure of the undead has not worn off. With Blade, director Stephen Norrington is wedding two popular subjects: vampires and superheroes. His hope, and that of New Line Cinema, the production company financing the movie, is that Blade takes a huge bite out of the late-summer box office.
Blade has been kicking around the comic book world for the better part of twenty-five years, since he first appeared to square off against the title character of Tomb of Dracula. While the most famous vampire of all time didn't make it past the August 1979 issue when the series ended, Blade lived to fight other battles against the legions of night stalkers haunting his universe. The effort to bring the Vampire Slayer to the big screen was spearheaded by the legendary Stan Lee, a mainstay at Marvel Comics for nearly sixty years. Lee believed that Blade possesses two characteristics that make him an attractive property: he's one of a select number of African-American superheroes and he has a "dark side" that will appeal to audiences familiar with recent motion picture interpretations of Batman, The Crow, and Spawn. For a production company like New Line Cinema, eager to start a movie franchise (their first attempt at establishing one was this spring's disappointing Lost in Space), Blade offers a potentially significant upside.
The film opens with a brief prologue in 1967 that explains Blade's origins. On the night his human mother gave birth to him, she was bitten by a vampire. Through some sort of genetic mutation, Blade (Wesley Snipes) came into the world as a hybrid, possessing the physical strength and appetites of the undead, but lacking several of their key weaknesses (garlic doesn't bother him and he can exist quite comfortably in direct sunlight). Since being rescued from the streets by his mentor and friend, Whistler (Kris Kristofferson), Blade has waged a war against vampires, showing no mercy and giving no quarter. To prevent himself from having to feast on human blood, he takes a serum, but his body is developing a tolerance to it. When Blade saves a pretty hematologist (N'bushe Wright) from a vampire, he sees the chance for a cure if she can analyze his blood. But, before he can dream of becoming completely human, he must deal with the new leader of the vampire nation, Deacon Frost (Stephen Dorff), whose stated goal is nothing less than the complete domination of the world.
For about one hour, Blade is a source of fast-paced, action-packed entertainment, as we follow the dour superhero from one confrontation to the next. After a while, however, this approach starts to wear thin. By the time the film is well into its second hour, we begin to wonder whether there's ever going to be a variation on the carnage and mayhem. As it turns out, there isn't. The entire movie can be summed up in one sentence: Blade battles vampires. There is an attempt to turn this into an epic adventure by introducing the concept of a vampire god whose awakening will trigger an apocalypse, but this particular plot aspect is not well-realized, even though it forms the basis for the climactic struggle between Blade and Frost.
The performances in Blade are serviceable. Wesley Snipes does his best Terminator impression by hiding almost all of Blade's emotions beneath a macho facade. This approach works on a certain level – it make Blade a more dangerous and ambiguous figure, but it also prevents the audience from connecting with him. Kris Kristofferson, who plays Blade's grizzled sidekick, is far more interesting in this movie than in his other current outing, Dance with Me. Despite being over-the-top (as one might expect), Stephen Dorff fails to imbue Frost with the ferocity necessary to make him a memorable villain. And N'bushe Wright is simply boring. The supporting cast includes the internationally known Udo Kier as the vampire whose position Frost usurps, and ex-porn star Traci Lords as Frost's long-toothed mistress.
Visually, Blade is an unqualified triumph. This seems to be a common trait of films based on, inspired by, or influenced by comic books (consider, for example, the likes of Batman, The Crow, and Dark City). In fact, the atmosphere is so well-developed that it's easy to forget how derivative and repetitive the plot is, and to get lost in the dark ominousness of Blade's paranoid, vampire-filled world. Blade is fueled by a kinetic energy, and there are scenes, such as the opening dance club sequence, that function as exotic, erotic assaults on the senses. Ultimately, that all turns out to be a rich icing on a half-baked cake. Blade has the capacity to dazzle, but it also will leave many viewers dissatisfied.
Director: Stephen Norrington
Cast: Wesley Snipes, Stephen Dorff, Kris Kristofferson, N'bushe Wright, Donal Logue, Udo Kier, Traci Lords
Screenplay: David S. Goyer based on characters created by Marv Wolfman & Gene Colan
Cinematography: Theo Van de Sande
Music: Mark Isham
U.S. Distributor: New Line Cinema
MPAA Rating: "R" (Violence, Profanity, Sexual Situations)
Genre: ACTION/HORROR
Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 2:35:1
(There are no more better movies of this genre)
Blade: Trinity (2004)
Three...better movies of Wesley Snipes
(There are no more better movies of Wesley Snipes)
worse movies of Wesley Snipes
Murder at 1600 (1997)
Expendables 3, The (2014)
Three...better movies of Stephen Dorff
Reckless (1969)
Public Enemies (2009)
Immortals (2011)
worse movies of Stephen Dorff
Somewhere (2010)
Backbeat (1969)
Debt, The (2016)
Three...better movies of Kris Kristofferson
Lone Star (1969)
Limbo (1999)
Silver City (2004)
worse movies of Kris Kristofferson
Fast Food Nation (2006)
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By Baz Macdonald
Flour is finally back on the shelves after nearly a month of lockdown. While New Zealand is self-sufficient with milk, meat, fruit and vegetables, it turns out we’re not self-sufficient in flour. It’s not an impossible scenario that in a future crisis our country could lose access to bread. Cut yourself a slice of our easy no-knead bread (recipe here) and settle in for this deep dive into how bread is one of the key indicators of a country’s stability.
Pick a disruptive event in human history - war, drought, pandemic - and nearly all include severe food limitations and shortages.
We are incredibly fortunate to live in a time and country where our supermarkets have remained stocked throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. Well... stocked with everything but flour.
Reports from up and down the country have shown the item most difficult to get during lockdown has been flour. It’s shown how much we rely on bread to survive a crisis, and exposed how dependent we are on other countries to produce it.
In this case, it wasn’t that our actual stocks of flour ran low - this shortage has been largely due to issues of packaging, high demand, and how quickly it could be restocked.
But New Zealand doesn’t actually grow enough wheat to feed ourselves. Future pandemics and crises, especially those that affect global trade, could well see a scenario where we run out of access to bread.
Idyllic bread. Photo: Anna Harcourt
The importance of bread
Bread is considered a key metric by which we judge food security and accessibility in New Zealand.
“Nearly all wars of medieval time, the first thing that they did was the siege of the wheat of a village,” says Dr Negar Partow, a senior lecturer of security studies at Massey University. “That's how you would break them down to their knees. They get dominance over your food resources, particularly bread, because that's how you control the population.”
Not only is bread a staple of our diet, it’s also exactly the kind of food people need in order to handle difficult times. It uses few ingredients, all which keep for long periods, and is carbohydrate-rich, keeping you full and providing plenty of energy.
Throughout history, Negar says, the efficacy of leaders was often gauged by the availability of bread.
“The distribution of bread has such intrinsic political implications. The [histories of a] government who could give people bread would read ‘such-and-such leader came into power, and there was no shortage of bread'.”
Bread’s significance can be seen in our traditions, and in our language. As a symbol of fertility, we refer to unborn babies as “a bun in the oven”. As a symbol of kinship, we discuss “breaking bread” with those we trust. As a symbol of wealth and income, we talk about being “on the breadline”, refer to work as “bread and butter”, and call the main financial provider “the breadwinner”.
But despite the deep history of bread helping us through times of crisis, it turns out we actually don’t grow enough flour in New Zealand to get through a pandemic.
An Auckland supermarket, 30 March. Photo: Robin Kerr
We can’t live off the amount of flour we grow in New Zealand
We are far from self-sufficient in the grains used to make flour. In fact, 75% of the bread in our supermarkets is made from Australian grain. “I just assumed that we were all eating New Zealand-grown grain,” says Alison Stewart, CEO of the Foundation for Arable Research. “It was just not something that I had even contemplated.”
The need to be self-sufficient with essential food items has rarely been more pressing than right now in the midst of a global pandemic. But, Alison says it has been something her work has been trying to tackle long before we ever heard the term Covid-19.
“I was giving a presentation about six months ago talking about food security, and I made the point that we are secure and self-sufficient with milk, meat, fruit and vegetables, but we're not fully self-sufficient in grain,” Alison says.
“Therefore, if we did have a major crisis globally and we had to close our borders, then we wouldn't necessarily be able to service the needs of our domestic population. And, of course, six months later, we're now in the middle of the Covid-19 pandemic.”
Fortunately New Zealand has managed to maintain our supply chains in imported items, and so our supply of wheat and other products has continued relatively smoothly. But this was not a guarantee, and it is not outside the realm of possibility within this crisis, or a future one, that New Zealand may lose access to imports of essentials like flour.
It’s a situation many other countries are facing. The United Nations Food and Agriculture organisation wrote in March this year that “a protracted pandemic crisis could quickly put a strain on the food supply chains, a complex web of interactions involving farmers, agricultural inputs, processing plants, shipping, retailers and more.”
One potential issue could be if countries we trade with begin to prioritise their own food supplies over exports. Chairman of the United Wheat Growers NZ, Brian Ledley, says even before Covid-19, due to a lower yield caused by drought, Australia itself had to turn to importing wheat for their own domestic use.
“That would indicate that with their own growing demand, population increase, and a slight drop in production, there is some shadow over the availability of [wheat to import from Australia],” Brian says.
“It highlights the need for New Zealand to be self-sufficient and there is no reason why it can't be done, should the consumer require it.”
As well as supply chain disruptions, we may be cut off from imports if we were to close our borders, or the borders of our major trading partners were closed. Luckily, a spokesperson for the Ministry for Primary Industries says this isn’t likely, as lockdown measures ensured sea freight routes remained open for both imports and exports. “We have not seen, and are not predicting, any major disruptions to imported foods, however we will continue to keep an eye on this, so any potential issues can be addressed early,” the spokesperson says via email.
Wholemeal loaf. Photo: Anna Harcourt
Why don’t we grow our own flour?
According to both Brian and Alison, New Zealand is fully capable of producing enough flour to fulfill our needs. So then, why don’t we?
Simply put, we are feeding it to our cows. Around two-thirds of all grain produced in New Zealand is dedicated to feeding predominantly dairy cows, but also pork and poultry.
In the past, New Zealand was fully self-sufficient in grain. However, over the past two decades low wheat prices from overseas and high demand and prices to use grains as stock feed have caused a major shift. As a result, many grain farmers either pivoted into other land uses such as dairy and beef, or moved into cultivating crops specifically for stock feed.
“We have this situation in New Zealand where if you are a wheat grower, you can get more money for growing wheat to feed cows, than you get for growing wheat to feed humans,” Alison says.
“And that's a really strange situation - it's quite perverse that we pay more to feed cows than we do to feed ourselves.”
She says while it's understandable how we got to this point, “I think there is a moral responsibility that New Zealand should be able to provide the basic staples to its own people from the produce that it grows.
“We are a food production country and it does seem ridiculous that we would import flour from other countries when we've got some of the best arable growers in the world right on our doorstep.”
So could we just take the grain from the cows if we needed?
Unfortunately, in an emergency situation if we needed to produce our own grain, it would not be as simple as diverting the grain away from animals and towards human consumption. Firstly, there would be the problem of still having six and a half million cows to feed.
Secondly, this grain couldn’t be diverted to human consumption because the grains grown for stock feed are different varieties than those for humans. Only a very small selection of these cultivars meet the specifications for humans, which means even in an emergency situation if we needed to supply wheat locally, we would have to wait a whole season (at least six months, but up to a year) for the industry to replant and grow the grain we need domestically, Alison says.
“If we had to close our borders for nine months, then I don't know whether the amount of grain that had been grown in New Zealand in this last season would be able to meet the needs of the country. And I think that that's not a good position to be in.”
Negar says there are key questions the public, agricultural industries and Government should be asking about our food security plans right now.
“If we need to completely lockdown our country, what are the cracks in our security systems that we can think about? Do we have a plan of, for example, how fast can we grow wheat if we need to?” says Negar.
She says a plan for the security of a staple food should include information on how much our country needs of a product, what the country has in storage, what the supply chain and reliance is for imports, and how quickly we could move to full domestic production if we had to.
The Ministry of Primary Industries says while they don’t keep “lists” to inform on food security, they do provide regulatory oversight for food safety and food production.
“During the Covid-19 pandemic, the Government has been working to prioritise and maintain food production and the domestic supply chain so that food is always available,” a spokesperson says.
“It’s also worth noting that New Zealand produces more than enough food for its people.”
As MPI says, if necessary, New Zealand does have the capability to feed our population. In fact, it’s estimated our agricultural sector has the capacity to feed 40 million people.
Yet the fact remains, if that situation were to arise right now, we would not be able to provide bread to the people. Which is something that would likely not play well if we were all staring at bare bread shelves, knowing they were to remain bare.
We used to respect our bread
In Judaism, God was said to have provided the Jews with the bread of the gods, Manna, in order to survive the forty years they spent in the desert after fleeing Egypt (although it is much more likely this was a lichen, rather than a grain). Now, Jewish people clean their houses in the new year for any bread crumbs, believing their blessing from God should not be wasted.
In Christianity, bread played a significant part in Jesus’s journey, including his last supper, and Christians still use bread in their rite of eucharist to remember the sacrifice.
“You see, all of this symbolism of bread that we have,” Negar says. “Constantly we talk about bread in our everyday language as something that is magnificent and is very valuable.”
“But in practice, because we have unfortunately a very consumeristic, capitalist approach toward shopping in general, this kind of respect has only remained in our language. It hasn't remained in our practice of purchasing and making bread.
“I believe our ancestors would be terrified of the amount of bread that we throw out - like it actually could bring the wrath of God down on us.”
In 2014 the organisation Love Food, Hate Waste did a review of New Zealand’s food waste. They found the number one thing we wasted was bread - every year we throw out 15,714 tonnes of it, at a national cost of $62.5 million.
This wastage was likely even worse over this pandemic, Negar says. At the first sign of a security threat, people’s impulse is to hoard the food items that give them a sense of food security.
“Just before the lockdown, I went to the supermarket and saw somebody with a trolley with what looked like 20 packs of bread,” she says. “Okay, so how are you going to keep them? Freeze them?”
These kinds of hoarding impulses come from a lack of knowledge and education around food security, Negar says. Having public education in the purchasing, storage, and preparation of food is just as important as oversight on supply and demand for handling our food security in times of crisis.
“This is very important. In wartime - Second World War, the Iran and Iraq wars, any war - you have a problem with bread and shortness of bread,” says Negar. “And one of the lessons is that when they bought bread, they didn't eat the new bread, but instead ate the stale bread first and kept the fresh bread. That way you could have a longer shelf life for your bread.
“These are very good strategies. We need to learn about these strategies for keeping and managing bread in our household. The public needs to be taught how to keep bread, store bread, make bread, substitute flour in the bread - respect bread in a way. Ultimately, how to not panic about bread.”
Caring for others by sharing bread
These strategies are about more than caring for yourself, Negar says, they’re about caring for others. During times of insecurity, it is likely that a loaf of bread you throw out is a loaf of bread another person didn’t get to eat.
Ultimately, this is what Negar wants to come out of this crisis - a greater understanding of human security as a collective problem.
Let’s say we did need to lock down our borders and rely only on the food we could grow here. Right now the flour we produce would not be enough to feed everyone. That would likely mean only the wealthiest would have access to flour and bread, and the poorest would not.
If we were to view security as a collective concern, it would be imperative to ensure essential goods like flour and bread remained accessible for all New Zealanders in a crisis situation.
“My best dream is that this tragedy leads to a more ethical market and a global rethinking of human security,” says Negar. “What do we need to invest in? How ethical can we be?”
“The fact is, these problems are not only our problems or their problems, it is everybody's problem. That is really my dream.”
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"Star Wars" in South Africa: "The Force Awakens" in the Shadow of an Empire
Sean Mulvihill January 07, 2016
Fallen empires influence the regions of their past dominion long after their collapse. In South Africa, a land that had been torn apart over centuries between conflicts with the Dutch and the British that left behind an insidious culture of white supremacy, the stains of the past are still present, though not as pronounced as a wrecked Star Destroyer on the landscape of Jakku. As J.J. Abrams’ “Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens” looks to the past to define the future of the legendary space opera, I was curious to see how the film would be greeted in a land divided over time by war and mandated segregation. What I encountered in two showings in different cities was a wildly different reaction to the movie itself, though the post-film reactions—particularly to the new characters—were practically uniform. As we still feel today in America, or as can be seen in “The Force Awakens,” change, be it racial or political, is a painfully slow process, sometimes feeling futile in its gradual pacing.
In Pretoria, a city that is approximately 50% white, there’s a general sense of non-state-sanctioned segregation. Restaurants and malls are mostly populated by an affluent white clientele, while the service workers are overwhelmingly black. At a Sunday afternoon showing of “The Force Awakens” at an upscale shopping mall with its own Mercedes-Benz showroom, I caught the first of my two South African screenings of Abrams’ much-anticipated film.
The 3D screening with the mostly white audience was defined by the stoicism of its viewers. Moments that were greeted with rousing cheers from American audiences were given no reaction at all. Even the numerous moments of levity in the film were barely greeted with a chuckle, if at all. Matters weren’t helped by the astoundingly dim projection, which was made worse by the naturally dimming 3D effect. Even worse, the auditorium’s subwoofer was blown, crackling and rattling during many of Kylo Ren’s most menacing moments. As I would find out just a few days later, the theater chain where I saw the film, Ster-Kinekor, doesn’t have the highest standards when it comes to presentation, despite being the most prevalent movie theater chain in South Africa.
Upon leaving the auditorium in Pretoria, each person I talked with said they grew up with the films and had an affection for the series shepherded by George Lucas. Aside from the young child who enthusiastically proclaimed upon exiting the theater, “That was cool, man!” the general reaction was rather tempered. “It wasn’t life changing or anything,” said Denzel, a young black man, outside the theater. When I asked which of the new characters stuck out to him, his reply was simple: “The black guy,” in reference to John Boyega’s Finn.
I then asked a trio of white teens what they thought of the film. Like Denzel, the teens were tempered in their enthusiasm towards the film. The big question on their mind was the lineage of Daisy Ridley’s Rey. “We’re all wondering who’s the girl,” said one of the teens wearing a Nirvana t-shirt.
One aspect of “The Force Awakens” that has drawn its fair share of criticism in the United States took on a new meaning for me in South Africa: the lack of change since the fall of the Empire in “Return of the Jedi.” Though by no means do I believe that J.J. Abrams and company intended their space fantasy to have its own well-defined set of politics, its greater deficiencies took on a new significance in the surroundings of Pretoria. The First Order just picks up the mantle of the Empire following its collapse at the end of “Return of the Jedi,” as if over the course of 30 years the New Republic had gone through all those troubles to establish itself, only to leave its constituents disillusioned. Again, I’m likely putting more thought into this than the creators of the film did. But when viewed in the land where Nelson Mandela fought and won against an oppressive regime and which is currently in a state of disillusionment with the wildly unpopular President Jacob Zuma, whose recent shuffle of Finance Ministers has left the South African currency devalued, the Abrams reboot of the Empire has a ring of truth to it. It's as if lacking a transcendent figure of Mandela or Luke Skywalker leads to an apathy and disillusionment that leads to the resurgence of the past status quo. President Zuma has fostered a culture of political corruption, including allowing the escape of Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, a wanted war criminal, from facing extradition to the International Criminal Court, which combined with severe economic woes could lead to a combustible political climate ripe for extremism on all fronts. Although details are scarce of how exactly the Republic falls apart enough for a new rebellion to take place, it's safe to assume that similar problems in leadership must have taken place for someone like Han Solo to regress back to smuggling and piracy.
Conversely, the feeling around Johannesburg was markedly different. Though it should be stated that I was at another relatively upscale mall and the service workers were predominantly black, the general ratio of customers was much more representative of the city’s overall demographics, which skews closer to around 80% non-white. In the Sandton City Mall the film was once again plagued with projection issues. Early scenes of the film were presented in the wrong aspect ratio of 1.85:1 before slowly adjusting to the 2.35:1 that was intended. Once again, the projection was woefully dim. The inadequacies of Ster-Kinekor’s projection left me with a newfound appreciation for the often pristine presentation experienced at common press screenings. When coupled with the issues affecting screenings of “The Hateful Eight” stateside, the need for projectionists in a digital age came racing to my mind.
That particular audience in Johannesburg had none of the stoicism that was overwhelming with the Pretoria audience. The more rousing moments of action and comedy garnered more specific responses, with BB-8 and Finn constantly earning more laughter and cheers than the entire film in Pretoria. Outside the auditorium the reaction from audience members who spoke to me was much more enthusiastic as well. “It was interesting. It was well done, the way they continued the series,” said Dave, a thirtysomething white man. “It was all very true to the nature of the movies,” he continued. Victor, a black man around the same age as his friend Dave, was fond of one particular new character: “I like Finn.” Though once again I was presented with a racial divide over the new set of characters, there was a sense of racial harmony over the breakthrough star of “The Force Awakens”—BB-8. Everyone loves that little droid.
Having now seen “The Force Awakens” three times, I’ve gotten a clearer sense of its strengths and weaknesses. Among its strengths, the film constantly propels forward at a blistering pace that doesn’t make its structural flaws too evident in the moment. But there’s a crucial mistake hidden in the film, a socio-political aspect of its internal world that dilutes the film’s story of good and evil. While Kylo Ren embodies a sense of entitlement and lust for power that was present yet never effective within Anakin Skywalker in the prequels—emphasized by his saying “I can have anything I want,” or declaring the lightsaber held by a black man to be his birthright—the true failing of “The Force Awakens” is having its Stormtroopers be merely the product of off-screen brainwashing. It places the power structure of evil as nothing more than a top-down affair, with the army that perpetuates atrocities fully clear of responsibility for their actions. Even the Nazis, which are an obvious influence on the Empire and First Order in design and scheme, didn’t merely brainwash their members: they gave them a belief that they were Übermenschen, that they were superior to all. The same could be said of the British or the Boers that perpetrated apartheid. Yet it wasn’t merely four or five powerful figures and a whole lot of brainwashing, but a system that provided an advantage to a select few and giving them cause to defend an unjust state. While the prequels and “The Force Awakens” have portrayed the Stormtrooper as soldier existing solely through cloning and brainwashing, at least the original films were comfortable in retaining ambiguity about the evil nature of the men behind the white masks.
Like everywhere else in the world, “The Force Awakens” was the number one movie in South Africa, scoring the second highest opening of the year behind only “Furious 7,” which remains the highest grossing movie of the year in the country. But it’s not entirely surprising that “Furious 7” would outrace “The Force Awakens” in this region. Cinema can reflect real life conflicts in fantastical locations or provide us with absurd escapism. In a country that has lived in the shadow of an empire for centuries, whose oppressive regime came to an end 11 years following “Return of the Jedi,” tales of power struggles between light and darkness might reflect reality too closely to be the grand escapist fun that we see it in America, no matter how long ago in a galaxy far, far away they're supposed to take place. As we’re constantly reminded of here in America, it’s painful and uncomfortable to look at the horrors of the past, even through the lens of fiction and fantasy.
On the Disempowerment of Promising Young Woman
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Bill Bonner's Diary
Postcards From the Fringe
Bill Bonner's Podcast
The Doom Index
Why We Defended Trump in London
Bill Bonner | Jul 16, 2018 | Bill Bonner's Diary | 10 min readPrint
LONDON – London is abuzz. Aflame. Doubled up in laughter. Shrieking in outrage.
The U.S. president came. He saw. He went bonkers.
The Secret Key to Understanding the Crypto Market
According to one leading cryptocurrency expert, one trading tool has been back-tested and proven to predict moves in the cryptocurrency market with up to 87% accuracy. In this free event, we’ll show you where it says prices should head next…
Down-Market
At least, that’s how the UK press puts it. “Trump leaves chaos behind him…” said one report.
And The Sunday Times reported that both Prince Charles and Prince William had refused to meet the American president, leaving Queen Elizabeth to meet him alone.
But first, we give readers a little advice.
Don’t come to London in July or August. The place is far too crowded with tourists and immigrants. The area around Piccadilly seems to have gone down-market; it is noisy and trashy. And you might run into Donald Trump.
We lived in London several times. But we don’t remember it ever being so unpleasant. Or expensive.
We had dinner with another couple at what appeared to be a moderately priced restaurant in Mayfair. The final tab: over $900 (although much of that was for two bottles of Barolo… ahem).
Wall Street HATES Being Told No (Too Bad)
Wall Street pros are clueless about where the market will head next.
I know with 100% certainty that this year will be like the last 15. At least, when it comes to the millionaire-making power of a phenomenon I call “Quantum.”
Every week, it allows me to isolate a radically different yet powerful trade… which has proven to return as much as 3 years’ worth of profits in as few as 3 hours.
Again: That’s week after week, month after month, for a decade and a half.
This year is no different. In fact, this week is no different.
Which is why those same Wall Street pros offered me 7-figure sums, routinely.
I told them all “NO.” But today, I’m pulling back the curtain for you.
Click now for details
Trump Cause
We know that many dear readers are Donald Trump fans. And many suspect your editor of being a bit cut off from the heartland… indifferent to the stars and stripes… and maybe even a traitor to the Trump cause…
But when the test came, we were ready. We stood up for The Donald.
Here in London, he insulted the prime minister, Theresa May. He suggested that her rival, Boris Johnson, “would make a fine prime minister” in her place.
As for Mr. Johnson, the former mayor of London, Old Etonian, and popular historian has had plenty of thoughts of his own. He said of then-candidate Trump in December 2015:
I think Donald Trump is clearly out of his mind… The only reason I don’t visit some parts of New York [his birthplace] is the very real risk of meeting Donald Trump.
Then… The Donald was late for a meeting with the Queen, keeping her waiting awkwardly.
And when the two set off on a ceremonial walk amid the rows of guards, Mr. Trump walked in front, leaving the poor Queen behind. Social media exploded, clucking and harrumphing.
“I couldn’t believe it,” said one of our hosts, a woman with no previously expressed political opinions. “He was so unchivalrous. Queen or not, she’s a 92-year-old woman.He should have had a little more grace.”
“The man is just not a gentleman,” she went on. Our patriotic glands oozed. We rushed to his defense…
“Of course he’s no gentleman; he’s our president…”
The Internet of Energy Changes Everything
Will Nikola Tesla finally get his revenge?
They laughed at his idea of cheap, wireless energy. But investors aren’t laughing anymore.
There have been two major power shifts in American history.
Now, a new type of energy is taking over. Many believe it will lead to an “internet of energy.” A virtual power grid that will make saving and using energy as simple as sending an email. This investing expert is predicting it will fuel America’s Third Power Shift.
Click here to get all the details
China Blinks
Grace is not what Mr. Trump is known for. But grace is not what the voters wanted from him. They wanted someone who would fight for them, for a change.
One way that The Donald claims to be fighting for the forgotten Americans is through his trade war against the “unfair” practices of the Chinese.
So let’s look at the trade war. Who’s winning?
A couple of prominent gabbers – Jim Cramer, of TV’s Mad Money, and Mohamed El-Erian, chief economic advisor at Allianz – claim that the U.S. is ahead.
Cramer says China has already “blinked” by not immediately countering Trump’s last $200 billion worth of trade taxes.
But Stephen Roach of Yale University, and formerly of Morgan Stanley, disagrees. CNBC:
“Trade wars are not easy to win. They’re easy to lose, and the U.S. is on track to lose this trade war,” Roach, a senior fellow at Yale University and former Morgan Stanley Asia chair, told CNBC’s Squawk Box on Thursday.
“The U.S. is hugely dependent on China as a source of low-cost goods to make ends meet for American consumers. We’re hugely dependent on China to buy our Treasuries to fund our budget deficits, which as you know, are getting larger,” Roach explained.
Who’s right? Cramer or Roach?
Probably neither. Trade deals are win-win. One side has something to sell. The other wants to buy. Stop the deal and both sides lose.
Who suffers the most? You might as well ask who benefits the most when a child can’t find someone to play with… or when a writer can’t find his muse.
There are no winners, only losers.
China’s average trade-weighted tariff is just 3.5%. That’s down from 32% in 1992.
In other words, China’s trade barriers have dropped almost 90% over the last 26 years; today, they pose no real threat to the happiness of the human race.
But a trade war, on the other hand, could have noxious – or even catastrophic – consequences.
The Donald’s trade duties will amount to an additional tax on U.S. consumers of nearly $100 billion. But that’s only a piece of it.
China’s countermeasures will cost U.S. producers, too – especially soybean farmers, who export some $13 billion worth of soybeans to China every year.
Per The New York Times:
Beijing placed a 25 percent tariff on American soybeans last week in retaliation for the Trump administration’s levies on Chinese-made goods. Last year, soy growers in the United States sold nearly one-third of their harvest to China. In dollar terms, only airplanes are a more significant American export to China, the world’s second-largest economy.
More to Lose
El-Erian and Cramer think China will lose the trade war because it has, relatively, more to lose.
It sells more to the U.S. than it buys. But this entirely ignores the other side of the win-win deal.
For every buyer there is a seller, and vice versa. Cut Americans off from Chinese imports, and all of a sudden, Walmart’s “everyday low prices” aren’t quite so low.
Already, prices are rising in the U.S. June numbers showed consumer prices going up at a 2.9% rate year-to-year, while wholesale prices rose 3.4%.
Typically, wholesale prices lead consumer prices… so this gives us an idea of where we are headed.
Putting this Consumer Price Index number in perspective, it is higher than current GDP growth, the Fed funds rate, and wage growth.
All of which is bad news for the man in the heartland. Now, he’s a loser… thanks, at least in part, to the trade war.
And he’s likely to be a much bigger loser if the U.S. makes China lose in a big way.
As we’ve pointed out many times, the U.S. and China are symbiotic – both playing a cockamamie game, where one buys with money it doesn’t have and the other sells to people who can’t afford to pay.
Of the two, the Chinese economy is probably at greater risk of collapse.
But since it is also the biggest buyer of raw materials in the world, the risk is shared by all her trade parties, including the U.S.
If China were to go into a depression, in other words, the U.S. might not be far behind.
Win-lose is fine for the World Cup, politics, and the UFC… but not for world trade.
MARKET INSIGHT: LOAN GROWTH PICKS UP
By Joe Withrow, Head of Research, Bonner & Partners
After hovering near zero last year, credit growth within the financial system has picked up in 2018…
That’s the story of today’s chart, which maps the growth of bank loans from all U.S. commercial banks from 2010 through today.
As you can see, bank loan growth steadily contracted from 2014 to 2017… and it went negative during the first quarter of 2017.
But the most recent data shows that banks are now issuing more loans. Loan growth was up 8% in Q2 of this year.
Bank loan growth is a financial indicator we carefully monitor here at Bonner & Partners.
Bill’s friend, and editor of Macro Watch, Richard Duncan, showed that whenever credit growth falls below 2% per year, a recession is likely to follow.
But heartier credit growth so far in 2018 suggests the economy is not yet in danger of a recession.
– Joe Withrow
FEATURED READS
Foreign Investors: Out of Love With the U.S.?
Foreign investors aren’t expanding into the U.S. like they used to. According to new data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis, foreign investment in the U.S. was down 32% last year.
Why Trump Blocked the Biggest Tech Merger in History
In March, President Trump blocked what would have been the largest tech merger in history. The official reasons are classified. But Jeff Brown, Bill’s top technology analyst, think he knows why POTUS took this unprecedented step…
China’s Economic Slowdown Is the World’s Problem
As Bill reported, a collapse in the Chinese economy would have far-reaching effects in the U.S. Already, China’s economy is cooling, and it’s having a noticeable impact on global growth…
In the mailbag, dear readers’ two favorite topics: Trump and trade…
Your constant berating of Donald Trump will one day soon bite you in the butt. In the past 150 years, there have been many who doubted the might of America. But they have seen nothing yet, even though we have vanquished everyone who has come against us or just looked cross-eyed at us – with the exception of when the charlatan Obama was in charge.
It will be a miracle from God if we survive; but then, I doubt that you even know him. I have about as much disenchantment with the USA Corp. as you, but Trump is not one of them; oddly, he is more like us.
– Edgar H.
Bill, please explain why auto prices should go up as a result of tariffs… General Motors cars and other American-made cars that include most popular imports have no cause to raise prices. This is aside from the fact that tariffs won’t go into effect if trading partners reciprocate by lowering theirs to level the playing field. Ditto for other products that can be replaced with domestic production or alternative sources. Why are you only reporting half of the story?
Trump’s visit to Europe: NATO is 70% American. In light of this, critics claiming Trump is undermining the alliance is laughable. What alliance? Germany is doing more by selling out to Russia with the gas pipeline. I am German, and I think this is unconscionable, as do many NATO allies – not to mention their worst record of contributing to their own and Europe’s defense.
– Erich K.
I read your writings looking for some practical advice. Your article about Donald Trump’s trade war failed to offer anything substantial. While the effects of, and reactions to, these trade wars clearly entertain you (and the market gods), I wonder if you could do your readers a service by suggesting practical things we could do to avoid loss and maybe to make gains.
– Jerry W.
You have let your riches pollute your thinking. Dissing our president will, in the long run, be detrimental to your business. Just a point you can take or reject: Make your financial points succinct. Your continual demeaning of our president is horrible.
– Mitch H.
Meanwhile, a dear reader takes a liking to Bill’s “win-win” philosophy…
I love your writing approach. I was very happy to see you latching on to the win-win approach, as I have understood for many decades now (I’m 80). But please give some thought to applying this to more aspects of human activity – particularly in sports – especially in today’s atmosphere, where winning is everything and losing is highly negative… rather than “how you played the game,” as in past years, always making the result positive for all parties. Parents are especially to blame here, for clearly showing great disappointment if their child does not win over (i.e., beat) the opponent.
– Paul W.
Why is Wall Street now investing billions of dollars in cryptocurrencies?
You’ll discover the answer during an exclusive live event featuring former Wall Street vice president and world-renowned cryptocurrency expert Teeka Tiwari and media personality Glenn Beck on July 19.
Click here to register for this event for free… (And as a bonus, learn how to get your share of the $2 million bitcoin giveaway.)
Want more stories like this one?
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Police Department - Community First!
The Santa Ana Police Department values working with Santa Ana's diverse communities to ensure the safety and security of our neighborhoods.
The Santa Ana Police Department is actively seeking the following wanted persons.
Do not attempt to apprehend these persons yourself. If you know where any of these persons are, call the Santa Ana Police Department at (714) 245-8665 or your local law enforcement agency.
Wanted Suspects
Attempt to Locate: John Figueroa a Parolee at Large who committed several armed robberies using a Tec-22 style sub-machine gun.
Wanted for Murder: In the summer of 2011 Suspect Jesus Canales, was identified as being responsible for shooting a male victim in front of his residence. Click here for more information.
Wanted for Murder: During the summer of 2009, a gang-related homicide occurred in the city of Santa Ana. Jose Gasca is wanted for questioning. Click here for more information.
Wanted for Murder: On 05/15/11, Michael Manzo was involved in a gang related homicide that occurred in the city of Santa Ana. Click here for more information.
Wanted for Murder: Andres “Andy” Diaz has an arrest warrant for a gang-related homicide. Click here for more information.
Wanted for Murder: Ezequiel Jauregui Gonzalez has an arrest warrant for murder which occurred October 31, 2008. Click here for more information.
Wanted for Murder: Martin Barrios Perez has an arrest warrant for murder.
Wanted for Attempted Murder of a Police Officer: Fernando Ramirez Garcia is wanted in connection with the shooting of a Santa Ana Police Officer. Click here for more information.
Wanted for Murder: Ranferi Macedo is wanted in connection with a homicide that occurred in October 2004. Click here for more information.
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The 21st Century Icon Awards
The 21st Century Icon Awards have given the pandemic a massive beating. The Awards continue to Celebrate Success of the Next Generation despite these unprecedented times. The winners of these truly global Awards were unveiled in London on 17th December 2020.
[SAPRwire, Thu Dec 24 2020] The 21st Century Icon Awards have given the pandemic a massive beating. The Awards continue to Celebrate Success of the Next Generation despite these unprecedented times. The winners of these truly global Awards were unveiled in London on 17th December 2020.
The 21st Century Icon Awards are global, unique, distinctive and celebrate success of the next generation by recognising dynamic entrepreneurs and successful individuals, helping them to keep growing and competing on the world stage.
The Panel of Judges, all internationally renowned leaders, had the onerous task of selecting winners from an outstanding list of finalists. Each winner is a global icon, a next generation leader with nonpareil accomplishments.
The Judging Panel for the Awards are:
David Sayer, Vice Chair KPMG
Hugo van Vredenburch, Chairman of Interactive Investor and Former Partner and Managing Director, Goldman Sachs
Ibukun Adebayo, Co-Head Emerging Markets, London Stock Exchange
Dr Amin Jaffer, Senior Curator of Al Thani Collection, Former Curator at The Victoria and Albert Museum, Former International Director of Asian Art at Christie's
William Asprey, Chairman of William & Son, the 7th generation of the Asprey family to specialise in the sale of luxury goods
Baroness Sandip Verma, former Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for International Development, and Ministerial Champion for tackling Violence Against Women & Girls Overseas
Tom Tyler, Head of ELITE Americas & Global Head of Business Development ELITE-London Stock Exchange Group
Nick Ogden, Founder and Chairman, Clear Bank, Founder WorldPay
Stephen Ball, Partner Squire Patton Boggs
Patti Boulaye OBE, Singer, Actor, Broadcaster, Author
Denise Lewis, British Olympic Champion
Tessy Ojo, Chief Executive Officer, The Diana Award.
Now in their 4th Year, the Awards have seen finalists/winners from 35 countries and the received world wide media coverage in 73 countries. There is nothing quite like these Awards globally.
Partners for these Awards are: ELITE, London Stock Exchange Group, Bentley and Stefano Ricci, Supporting Partner KPMG and Coca-Cola is the Sponsor. Past partners include CNBC and London Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
The fantastic winners of the 21st Century Icon Awards 2020 are:
Adolfo Cambiaso, Professional Polo Player, Argentina - Competitive Sports Award
Adolfo is a professional polo player, ranked number one in the world with a 10-goal handicap rating, the highest possible in polo. He became the youngest player in history of the sport to reach the ten goals handicap at the age of 17. Adolfo has won every important international polo tournament in the world amassing 174 title wins. He has held the number one spot in the World Polo Tour's rankings for an incredible twenty three years.
Shankar Mahadevan, Legendary Singer and Composer, India - Magnificent Performing Arts Award
Shankar Mahadevan is regarded as one of India's top playback singers. As a singer and music composer, he has recorded over 7000 songs. He has also recorded songs for many non-film albums, tel-series, devotionals and classical collaborations. Shankar has won 27 prestigious awards for his music. He is also the recipient of the Padma Shri, one of India's highest civilian honours from the President of India.
Mohit Burman, Vice Chairman, Dabur India Limited: - Dedicated Stalwart Award
Elephant Capital: Managing Director
Aviva India: Chairman
Burman Hospitality (Taco Bell): Director
KPH Dream Cricket Pvt Ltd (Kings XI Punjab Cricket Team, Indian Premier League): Chairman
Mohit is the Vice Chairman of Dabur India with Revenues of over USD 1.2 Billion and Market Capitalisation of USD 11 Billion. Promoted by the Burman family in 1884, Dabur has the largest herbal and natural product portfolio in the world available in over 100 countries. Mohit is the driving force behind the Burman family's foray into several high-growth and sunrise sectors of Financial Services like Life Insurance, Pensions, Annuities and Asset Management, besides Agriculture, Retailing & Sports.
Raghavendra Rathore, Renowned Indian Fashion Designer - Exquisite Art & Fashion Award
Companies: Raghavendra Rathore Jodhpur, Imperial India Company, Gurukul School of Design, Jodhpur Design Company, Ajit Bhawan Hotel & Hotel Narlai.
Born into royalty, The Raghavendra Rathore Jodhpur is India's premier menswear bespoke brand. For over two decades the brand has been a leader in customisation of lifestyle services for celebrities, power dressers and individuals with a sense of achievement. With stores in all major metros in India and in the UK, the brand evokes its creativity from the ancient town of Jodhpur. Reliance Brands Ltd and Ermenegildo Zegna invested in his company two years ago making him the first Indian designer to have an international partnership.
Christian Levett, UK - Astute Finance & Investments Award
For seven years Christian Levett was in the Forbes and hedge-fund lists of Wall-Street's highest-paid earners and his Clive Capital was the world's largest commodity trading hedge fund. He is an Art Aficionado, and his collection is showcased in his own museum, Mougins Museum of Classical Art. He owns one of the world's most important collections of Roman Armour and female abstract paintings among others. He is the primary funder of Candy Kittens and Equals Banking Group. The former is the fastest growing sweet company and the latter Is the largest pre-paid currency card company in the UK
Chris Gayle, Jamaica (International Cricketer) - Competitive Sports Award
Jamaican cricketer who played international cricket for the West Indies. Chris Gayle captained the West Indies Test side from 2007 to 2010. Considered as one of the greatest batsmen ever in Twenty20 (T20) cricket, Chris has set numerous records across all three formats of the game. He is the most capped player for the West Indies in international cricket and is the only player to score a triplet of centuries - a triple hundred in Tests, double hundred in ODIs and a hundred in T20Is.
Ajeet Singh, Founder Guria India - Generous Philanthropist Award
Guria India is a nonprofit organisation that is dedicated to fighting child prostitution, second generation prostitution, trafficking of women and children for forced labour or sex primarily in Northern India. Guria was founded in 1993 and to date has rescued more than 2,500 children/women from brothels and other forms of slavery, pursued 3120 criminal cases against traffickers/brothel keepers including 15 Public Interest Litigation.
Dhiraj Mukherjee, Co-Founder Shazam - Innovator Technology Award
Dhiraj co-founded Shazam which pioneered mobile music recognition built on its proprietary breakthrough technology. Shazam has been downloaded over 1 billion times and is used by nearly 500 million people a year. Dhiraj has helped grow Shazam as an executive and board member until the company's sale to Apple in 2018 for a reported $400 million.
Raissa and Joyce de Haas, (Twins) Co-Founders, Double Dutch Ltd, UK - ELITE Rising Star Award
Raissa and Joyce, Co-Founded Double Dutch in 2015. Double Dutch is a premium tonic and mixer brand that is currently selling just under a million bottles per month across 32 countries. They made it on the Forbes 30 under 30 list in 2019. Charlene & Michel Heineken - De Carvalho who own the controlling stake in Heineken hold 10% in Double Dutch.
Tashi and Nungshi Malik (Twins), India - Inspirational Icon Award
Mountaineers and Explorers .
9 Guinness World Records. These include first female twins and siblings to scale Mt Everest, scale Seven Summits, complete Explorers Grand Slam, complete three pole challenge.
Aaron Shephard, Nick Cooke, Harry Hugo, Co-Founders, Goat Agency, UK -
Outstanding Media & Entertainment Award
Goat is one of the leading global influencer marketing agencies. Started in 2015, the agency has grown to a global group with over 120 staff and 3 offices across UK, USA and Singapore. In 2019 Goat was named the #1 Fastest Growing Agency in Europe and #4 Globally by Adweek, as well as LinkedIn's #8 in its Top 10 Startups to work for.
Shalini Passi, Founder, Shalini Passi Art Foundation & MASH (My Art Shalini), India - Squared Watermelon Award
Founded in 2018, the Shalini Passi Art Foundation seeks to advocate a new aesthetic language within the Indian avant-garde - collapsing the hierarchical distinctions between architecture, art, craft, design, and fashion by eliciting a rich discourse around creativity in modernity. The Foundation is supporting, educating, and encouraging experimental new practices. Through her digital platform MASH, Shalini seeks to bridge the gap between art, craft, architecture, design and fashion to further a multidisciplinary approach to these fields.
Umaru W Ndagi, Rahma Integrated Concepts Ltd, Nigeria - Relentlessly Resolute Award
Umaru has worked relentlessly for over 12 years seeking solutions for chronic diseases in Nigeria and Africa. Rahma uses local ingredients to make nutraceuticals for chronic and usually debilitating ailments such as sickle cell, diabetes, arthritis etc. Umaru is running clinical trials on products. The trials for sickle cells been successful and will help alleviate the suffering of millions.
Raman Kant, Founder, NEER Foundation, India - Generous Philanthropist Award
Raman Kant founded NEER Foundation in 2004 as a not-for-profit working towards environment protection, managing water conservation and rural development. The Foundation has produced the first detailed census of natural water resources structures in India. They have cleaned up several ponds and rivers to reduce contamination and constructed many natural water resource structures. The over 5,000 volunteers conduct training programmes in schools on rainwater harvesting and other water conservation methods. The farming communities are motivated to stop use of chemicals. Many villages receive water filters to provide a safe drinking water source, saving thousands from life threatening diseases.
Dr. Sunil Daga Dr Indranil Chakravorty, Dr. Subodh Dave, Professor Geeta Menon, Dr. Neeraj Bala, Dr. Subarna Chakravorty - The BAPIO Institute for Health Research (BIHR) part of British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin
Specialist Professional Award
They teamed together to research and produce one of the most important studies during COVID 19. They drew attention of the government establishing Black Asian and Minority Ethnicity (BAME) as independent risk factors for acquiring COVID-19 infections in health care workers. This study featured on Channel 4 prime time news and was submitted as evidence for parliamentary committee review for unequal impact of coronavirus on BAME.
Tarun Ghulati, Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer and Preeti Rana, Founder and Chief Creative Officer said
"We are delighted and tremendously satisfied that the 21st Century Icon Awards have become the preeminent Champions of the next generation of global leaders. The next generation of leaders and businesses are truly inspiring and we are absolutely thrilled to be a part of their journey and continued success".
Company: 21st Century Icon Awards
Contact Name: Shubham Raut
Contact Email: info@21stcenturyiconawards.com
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Scots, Scottish, and Gaelic … what’s the difference?
Posted on October 28, 2012 March 11, 2014
What language were people speaking in 13th century Scotland?
Undoubtedly, that is a question that keeps most people up at night.
In a nutshell, in 1288, in Scotland, people spoke three local languages regularly. At the time, they called them: French, English, and Scottish.
What is confusing is that those are not the names used to refer to these languages NOW. French, was Norman French. Robert the Bruce, a great King of Scotland, descended from the Gaelic Earls of Carrick, and on his father’s side from “ancestors in Brix, in Flanders. In 1124, King David I granted the massive estates of Annandale to his follower, Robert de Brus, in order to secure the border. The name, Robert, was very common in the family.
Brought up at Turnberry Castle, Bruce was a product of his lineage, speaking Gaelic, Scots and Norman French.” http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/independence/features_independence_bruce.shtml
This article makes a mistake, however, which I have highlighted–or rather, not a mistake because Bruce really did speak those languages, but it isn’t clear to the layman that Bruce would not have called them that.
The transition is as follows:
Old term New term
French Norman French
English Scots
Norman French: “When Norse invaders arrived in the then-province of Neustria and settled the land that became known as Normandy, they gradually adopted the Gallo-Romance speech of the existing populations – much as Norman rulers in England later adopted the speech of the administered people. However, in both cases, the élites contributed elements of their own language to the newly enriched languages that developed in the territories.
In some cases, Norse words adopted in Norman have been borrowed into French – and more recently some of the English words used in French can be traced back to Norman origins. Following the Norman Conquest of 1066, the Norman language spoken by the new rulers of England left traces of specifically Norman words that can be distinguished from the equivalent lexical items in French.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_language
Scots: What we know today as ‘Scots’ was not called that in 1288. It was called ‘English’. Scots is a dialect of English spoken by the lowland people of Scotland. “Scots is a Germanic language closely related to English and spoken by about 1.5 million people in Scotland. Scots is descended from the language of the Angles who settled in northern Britain, in an area now known as Northumbria and southern Scotland, in the 5th century AD. The language was originally know as ‘Inglis’ and has been influenced by Gaelic, Norse, Latin, Dutch, Norman French, Standard French and English.
By the 14th century Scots was the main language of Scotland and was used in literature, education, government and in legal documents.” http://www.omniglot.com/writing/scots.htm
Gaelic: Gaelic was called “Scottish” in 1288 Scotland (thus, the three languages as understood by the people at the time: French, English, and Scottish).
“The Scottish people originated with Gaelic-speaking incomers from North Eastern Ulster who settled in the North Western coastlands and islands of Caledonia in the later fifth century, and subsequently relocated their kingdom of Dal Riata from Ulster to Argyll, ‘the coastland of the Gael’. This subsequently grew by absorption of the Picts in the east, and conquest of the Britons and Angles in the south, into what came to be called Scotland by the 11th century. Viking settlements in the Northern Highlands and Northern Isles from the end of the 8th century established the Norn language which survived in Caithness, Orkney and Shetland until the eighteenth century.
Under the kingship of Malcolm III “Ceannmòr” (1054-96) Gaelic began to lose its preeminence at court and amongst the aristocracy to Norman French, and in the Lowland area to the Anglian speech of the burghs, which were established first in eastern Scotland by David I (1124 – 53). This speech was known firstly as Inglis, and later as Scots, and it rapidly became the predominant language of the Scottish Lowlands, meaning that by the later middle ages Gaelic had retreated to the Highlands and Hebrides, which maintained some degree of independence within the Scottish state.” http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/scots_gaelic_history.shtml
“Gaelic is the traditional language of the Scotti or Gaels, and the historical language of the majority of Scotland. It is not clear how long Gaelic has been spoken in what is now Scotland; it has lately been proposed that it was spoken in Argyll before the Roman period, but no consensus has been reached on this question. However, the consolidation of the kingdom of Dál Riata around the 4th century, linking the ancient province of Ulster in the north of Ireland and western Scotland, accelerated the expansion of Gaelic, as did the success of the Gaelic-speaking church establishment. Placename evidence shows that Gaelic was spoken in the Rhinns of Galloway by the 5th or 6th century.
The Gaelic language eventually displaced Pictish north of the Forth, and until the late 15th century it was known in Inglis as Scottis. Gaelic began to decline in Scotland by the beginning of the 13th century, and with this went a decline in its status as a national language. By the beginning of the 15th century, the highland-lowland line was beginning to emerge.
By the early 16th century, the Gaelic language had acquired the name Erse, meaning Irish, and thereafter it was invariably the collection of Middle English dialects spoken within the Kingdom of the Scots that came to be referred to as Scottis (whence Scots).” http://www.savegaelic.org/gaelic/scottish-gaelic-history.php
Tagsdialect, english, Erse, Gaelic, Inglis, language, medieval, middle ages, scotland, Scots, Scottish
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« Meeting to consider SB 127 and SB 128
Response to Governor’s Budget Address »
REGAN CONVENES FIRST VETERANS AFFAIRS AND EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS COMMITTEE MEETING
Committee approves two bills extending 9-1-1 Law and codifying Civil Air Patrol operations
HARRISBURG – Today Senator Mike Regan (R-Cumberland and York), Chairman of the Senate Veterans Affairs & Emergency Preparedness Committee, convened the first meeting of the committee for the 2019-2020 legislative session. Two measures were approved – one to extend the state’s 9-1-1 Law for an additional two years and another to codify the role of the Civil Air Patrol into state law.
Senate Bill 127, sponsored by Senator Regan and Committee Minority Chair Senator Lindsay Williams, would extend the 9-1-1 Law until June 30, 2021. It is currently set to expire on June 30, 2019. The legislation would also set up a process for future reauthorizations, calling on the Legislative Budget & Finance Committee to study and make recommendations. Furthermore, the bill would enhance the 9-1-1 Advisory Board by adding the State Fire Commissioner and the Chairman of the State Geospatial Coordinating Board as voting members and the Ambulance Association of PA and the PA Council of Governments as non-voting members. Finally, the legislation would authorize PEMA to purchase a system to allow individuals with disabilities to be able to have their disabilities associated with a phone number, so that when they call 9-1-1, the operator will be able to assess a situation more quickly.
“9-1-1 is the backbone of our emergency response system,” said Regan, a former U.S. Marshal. “When a person calls 9-1-1, they are at their most vulnerable. As such, we need to ensure that our 9-1-1 System is fully capable of handling calls from any type of communications device and be able to dispatch a first responder as expeditiously as possible.”
Since the last update to the law in 2015, PEMA has utilized the 9-1-1 Advisory Board to accomplish a great deal, including standardizing what is considered a “Call,” setting funding priorities, and establishing minimum training and certification requirements for 9-1-1 operators. In 2014, state 9-1-1 Funds covered only 65% of county 911 operations, while in 2017, 88% of county 9-1-1 operations were funded.
“This law has been working well, therefore only minor updates are planned at this time,” said Regan.
Senate Bill 128, also introduced by Senator Regan and Senator Williams, would codify the Civil Air Patrol’s state operations in Title 51 under the leadership of the Adjutant General.
“The Civil Air Patrol, the official auxiliary of the U.S. Air Force, often flies under the radar with its mission, which is to assist Pennsylvania’s emergency responders with search and rescue, disaster relief support, homeland security, emergency transport services, and communications support,” said Regan. “This legislation will help solidify their role in state government.”
SB 127 and SB 128 now go to the full Senate for consideration.
For a link to the video from the meeting, click HERE.
CONTACT: Nathan Silcox, 717-787-8524, nsilcox@pasen.gov
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Player of the Week: Mark Reynolds, Diamondbacks
If you know nothing about Reynolds, don’t worry, you’re not alone. In a league loaded with talented rookies (see our Rookie of the Year picks below), Reynolds has quietly made a name for himself, mainly by playing great down the stretch for the Diamondbacks. In a recent six-game stretch in which Arizona went 4-2, Reynolds batted 12-for-23 (.522) with three home runs, nine RBIs and seven runs scored. Reynolds is hitting .329 in September and for the season he has 17 home runs and 62 RBIs in just 106 games.
BASEBALL STORY LINES
1. When it comes to the AL Most Valuable Player, there’s not much of a debate. The New York Yankees’ Alex Rodriguez started the season off with a sublime April that included 14 homers in his first 75 at-bats and never looked back in a yearlong performance that will surely garner him his third MVP award. Detroit Tigers teammates Curtis Granderson and Magglio Ordonez were great, as were the Los Angeles Angels’ Vladimir Guerrero and Boston’s David Ortiz, but no slugger came even close to touching A-Rod’s 53 homers and 151 RBIs. The NL MVP is a much more contested race, with Milwaukee’s Prince Fielder, Philadelphia teammates Jimmy Rollins and Chase Utley and Colorado’s Matt Holliday all making good cases to collect the hardware. But, in the end, the one player that trumps them all is the New York Mets’ David Wright. After starting the year slow, Wright has been unstoppable of late, hitting .373 since Aug. 1 on his way to compiling a 30-homer, 105-RBI, 110-run season for the first-place Mets.
2. Cleveland’s C.C. Sabathia deserves Cy Young consideration as the best pitcher on the best team in the AL and teammate Fausto Carmona has rung up the quietest 18-win season ever, but neither has been better than the Red Sox’s Josh Beckett this season. Beckett became the first 20-game winner in the majors since 2005 in his second season with Boston and he has been especially impressive in the clutch. His last three wins (in which he has surrendered just four runs) have all come following Red Sox losses — pivotal victories for a team locked in a tight race in the AL East. Jake Peavy stands out as the best pitcher, and possibly the best overall player, in the National League in 2007. Peavy’s ERA is a gossamer-thin 2.36 and he leads all of the majors with 234 strikeouts. His 19 wins are a career high and his ERA never rose above 2.47 all season.
3. Boston’s Daisuke Matsuzaka baffled hitters with his vast array of pitches early in the season, but he’s been decidedly off-the-mark over the last two months — a setback that has opened the AL Rookie of the Year honors for his Red Sox teammate Dustin Pedroia. Boston’s first-year second baseman may benefit from a weak crop of rookies, but Pedroia deserves recognition for his solid season, highlighted by a .317 batting average — a mark that ranks 10th in the AL. Over in the NL, the Brewers’ Ryan Braun has 33 homers, 94 RBIs and is hitting .325 — now imagine what those statistics would be if he actually played a game in the majors before May 25. Despite sitting out six weeks to start the season, Braun is tied for fifth in the NL in homers with Miguel Cabrera — a feat he achieved in 140 fewer at-bats than the Marlins’ star. Hunter Pence, who seemed like a lock for the NL Rookie of the Year in mid-June, was derailed by injuries, while Colorado’s Troy Tulowitzki would also be a deserving choice.
— Will Reisman
KEY SERIES
DIAMONDBACKS AT ROCKIES (Today-Sunday): Thanks to a late-season surge, Troy Tulowitzki and the Rockies find themselves not only in contention for the NL wild card, but also the NL West title, too. The Diamondbacks have managed to hold off a series of charges, but must do so for one final series if they are to make the playoffs.
Other Sportssports
Sports briefs: Vick tests positive for pot
Frantz: Gundy’s harsh words earned him respect
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Penelope Cruz’s sister was body double in Pirates to hide pregnancy
by Kim Grundy
Kim Grundy
http://twitter.com/KimGrundy
Kim's Most Recent Stories
These Angelic Baby Names Are Perfect for Your (Let’s Hope) Little Angel
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May 17, 2011 at 1:26pm PM EDT
Penelope Cruz was pregnant while filming Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. Luckily, she had her look-alike sister to fill in as her body double during those tricky sword-fighting scenes!
Related story Shawn Johnson East Is Expecting Baby #2!
Penelope Cruz found out she was pregnant with her first child before filming Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides, however, director Rob Marshall had a plan for concealing her pregnancy during the shoot — Penelope’s sister Monica!
Monica, 34, is an actress and dancer in Spain — and looks just like 37-year-old Penelope — so it was a perfect fit.
“I did a couple of months of training and did what I was able to do, but I couldn’t do everything, just what was safe. Monica came at the end to do some scenes. She’s a dancer and very good with a sword because she’s done a film herself,” said Cruz.
Marshall enjoyed having both Cruz sisters work on the film. “Towards the end of the shoot we asked Monica to help us out for some of the shots because we needed a different silhouette, so the whole family got to work on the movie,” he said.
Cruz took over for Keira Knightley in the fourth installment of the hit Pirates franchise. The new mom was excited to work with Johnny Depp — and reportedly agreed to do the movie before she finished reading the script!
She and actor Javier Bardem welcomed their first child, a boy named Leo, in January. “From the first second, you feel so much love. It is a revolutionary experience,” Cruz gushed to Vogue. “That’s the best way I can describe it. It transforms you completely, in a second. Nature is very wise and gives you nine months to prepare, but in that moment — when you see that face, you are transformed forever.”
Check out our Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides interview with Johnny Depp here >>
See the new OPI nail colors inspired by Pirates of the Caribbean! >>
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Sisense を選ぶ理由
ビジネスチーム調査および協力
企業スケール、安全性、管理
プロダクトアナリティクスカスタマイズ、組み込み、ホワイトラベル
Sisense アドオン
Sisense ラボ
技術パートナー
Dashboard の例
ビジネスユーザー向けアナリティクス
組み込み型 & OEM 向けアナリティクス
旅行およびホスピタリティ
オペレーションおよび物流
医薬品およびライフサイエンス
ホワイトペーパー & eブック
技術者の話 | 12 min read
How Sisense Engineered Its Cloud-Native Linux Deployment From the Ground Up
A couple of weeks ago, we officially launched the Cloud-Native Sisense on Linux deployment after a successful beta release...
Ariel Noy July 10, 2019
A couple of weeks ago, we officially launched the Cloud-Native Sisense on Linux deployment after a successful beta release cycle that kick-started in Spring 2019.
As of 2017, Linux was running 90% of the public cloud workload. It is increasingly the OS of choice by enterprises and the cloud due to its many advantages: lower TCO, higher security, improved stability and reliability, flexibility, and more. Given this importance, we made it an organizational priority to invest in a Sisense on Linux deployment in late 2017.
When we sat down to plan this execution strategy, we realized there were several different ways we could approach it. For us, it was critical to not only do it right so we didn’t waste time and resources but also to deliver a product that would lead our customers into the future and support their needs in the ever-growing cloud environment.
Here’s how we re-architected Sisense with the right technologies and frameworks for the task at hand without simply porting the code over.
The First Few Months
When I was tasked with the responsibility of building a Sisense Linux deployment in late 2017, a few small steps had already been taken. Two developers had started a Linux project which initially comprised of simply porting code from one OS to the other.
They started with C/C++ code, which usually takes the longest to migrate from Windows to Linux. By the end of 2017, the team was able to show their first demo, which ran queries over the ElastiCube Manager, our high-performance database, using C/C++.
Taking Stock and Restarting the Project
Even though some more progress was made, in January of 2018, we decided to take a step back and rethink our approach to this project. Often it is less scary to take what you have and what you know and continue without questioning your approach. However, it is not always the smartest or the best course of action.
Before jumping headlong into merely porting code from one OS to the other, it was necessary to think whether it made sense to migrate all components as-is or instead, to see what language or architecture would work best for the task at hand.
We decided that where it was required and where it made sense, we would not simply port over code but rebuild the component from scratch using the most relevant stack and technology for what that component was meant to do.
There were three “buckets” in this decision-making process:
Components that would be migrated.
Components that would be rebuilt from scratch using the right framework while maintaining institutional knowledge and providing a similar user experience. For example, we concluded that several components had to be rewritten in Java. To enable this, we dedicated more than a month to training the entire engineering team in Java. We also recruited Java experts to help guide and govern the design.
Components that would stay as-is (for example, JavaScript) with very minimal changes such as updating file names and paths.
In hindsight, this was a critical decision that paved the way for a modern, enterprise-grade, full-stack analytic application that is highly-performant, reliable, and scalable. The best part is that we were able to build it in a little over a year.
The Right Technology for the Job
Let’s break this down some more. The Sisense application has a few key tasks handled by different components:
1. Sisense ElastiCube or Data Engine
The Sisense ElastiCube crunches hundreds of millions of records and needs to be highly optimized. It has to be close to the OS for better control of what is being done with less overhead. Most of this code was in C and C++ and was left that way.
Takeaway: C & C++ are good to use when building highly optimized processes that are close to the OS, such as building a database engine.
2. ElastiCube Management Service and Query Service
The ElastiCube Management Service and Query Service were moved away from C# and C++ and rebuilt in Java. Java is a highly-portable and mature language that plays well in building mission-critical, high-performance applications that are CPU-intensive. The agility and complexity needed in those components are such that we needed to use a lot of frameworks that come with Java and focus only on our application logic without compromising on performance.
We already had (and continue to have) a big footprint in Node.js. It would have been easier to use Node.js everywhere. However, we resisted the urge to use Node.js everywhere and use the best language and framework for the job.
Node.js is great for responsive operations with low memory footprint. It is easier to write in Node.js and is fast to debug and develop as well. However, Java has much better performance, more caching, and long state capabilities. Java is also more suited for compilation and type checking, which is important, especially when merging releases and branches over the years. These actions can have a lot of vulnerability if not caught by compilation errors.
For example, the Management service needs to be aware of all the statuses and aware of Kubernetes with a lot of control of the systems. It made sense to build it in Java as the service needs to be efficient, highly available and multi-threaded.
On the other hand, application parts that are more tightly integrated with the UI, are easier to build it in Node.js. For example, the original pivot was implemented in C# as an IIS application. The pivot is a full stack component. It made sense to rewrite it in Node.js which allows the full stack developer to work on both the front-end and back-end in the same technology.
For web services, it’s not recommended to use C++ because the development time is too expensive. For those reasons, eventually, we decided to go with Java and, in particular, used the Spring Boot framework. We also considered a few options like Guice or EJB (which we immediately disqualified).
Takeaway: Java is useful when building mission-critical, high-performance applications that are CPU-intensive with the need for more caching, long state capabilities, and a robust set of available frameworks. Node.js, on the other hand, is useful for responsive operations with a low memory footprint and when a developer wants to work on both the front-end and back-end in the same technology (which is the genesis of Node.js).
3. Data connectors
The .NET connector-framework was replaced with a new framework based on Java because the support for .NET on Linux is via .NET Core, which was introduced in 2016, and does not contain all the functionality of the .NET framework for Windows. The connector framework acts as a pipe for transferring data. On top of this, the actual drivers for accessing most of the database providers are written in Java, so it was only natural to code the framework in Java too. The actual data crunching is done inside the ElastiCube, which is coded in C/C++.
Takeaway: Java is a natural choice for building data connectors due to its large ecosystem including database drivers and rich frameworks.
In summary, there are certain languages most appropriate for certain operations, and choosing the correct language for the operation at hand is key.
Guidelines on Choosing the Right Technology for the Job
Containerizing Microservices
Another critical change in the Linux deployment was related to the architecture itself. While many components in the Windows deployment are microservice based, given the opportunity to re-architect Sisense, we decided to build a containerized microservices application using Docker for containerization and Kubernetes for orchestration.
We initially debated between Docker Swarm and Kubernetes for orchestration but decided to go with Kubernetes due to the rising popularity and the fact that Kubernetes was becoming the de-facto standard for container orchestration. While our teams were comfortable with Docker Swarm, which is considered more of the DevOps way, Kubernetes better handled other developer requirements like versioning, upgrades, releases, and rollbacks. We decided to go with Kubernetes keeping the future developer user in mind.
An interesting debate that comes with building a microservices architecture is the number of microservices you’ll break your application into.
Two years ago, we had a fairly monolith application with four or five services. That is not the case anymore. We have around 20 services today. As a rule of thumb, we try not to create too many microservices, especially ones that lengthen the call chain. It is okay to add services that are not on the call chain. In a given operation, we shouldn’t involve all the microservices in the call chain (for example, 4-5 services is okay but not all available services). It is important to remember that while microservices are a great way of building scalable and resilient applications rapidly, they also add complexity, especially with communication between them and eventually debugging. You need to find a balance between the number of microservices you create, supportability, and maintainability.
A New Way of Doing Things with Shared Storage, Updated Monitoring & Logging
Re-architecting the platform also gave us the opportunity to update old ways of doing things and create better and highly-performant new ways. For example, the Windows way of creating highly-available data is to store copies of the data on multiple servers. With this re-architecting, we were able to do away with that and rebuild that experience enabling the use of highly-distributed and available Shared Storage technologies like cloud storage providers, GlusterFS, Amazon EFS, Azure file share, Google Filestore, and many more.
Another example is logging. One of the challenges with building a microservices-based architecture is debugging because of the number of components involved and all of the different places logs can be stored. One of the first steps we took to alleviate this was to build a combined log using FluentD, which collects all the data in a centralized place. In addition, we added Grafana and Prometheus, which provide counters of what’s going on in the system by providing a detailed view of system metrics.
Learnings Along the Way
While we have come out on the other side of a successful project, the journey was not without difficulties. Some of these were challenges that we learned from and others were limitations that we have had to work with in order to provide the best experience for the end user.
1. Embracing open source technologies
We learned that embracing well-tested and mature open source technologies are game changers in how quickly and efficiently we can build a large-scale, enterprise grade application. This tech is not something to be afraid of. Better yet, some of these technologies provide us with a completely different way of thinking about the problem (like the shared storage solution).
2. Wiping code and rebuilding where needed
We learned not to be afraid to wipe out code and rebuild. Today, we look back at a small portion of a component which we left in C++ and realize that it was a mistake. We could have saved time and done a better job by simply rewriting it. Keeping the code of C components that were not originally written for multi-threaded operations instead of rewriting them to make them multi-threaded was eventually more expensive.
3. Keeping customer and end-user experience in mind
When we embarked on the Sisense on Linux deployment, it was very clear to us that we wanted to provide the same user experience in both the Windows and the Linux deployments.
A big reason for this was to ensure that we can use the carefully curated and built automated testing assets across both deployments. The automatic testing assets (various databases, different schemas, dashboards, validated results) were collected and built for the last couple of years. Keeping the same automatic testing assets was a top priority. The ability to test both deployments with the exact same assets is an important tool to ensure we were retaining data integrity between the two systems. This meant that, in certain areas, we choose not to change something on the front-end that we could have changed in order to ensure the end-user experience was not affected.
We also wanted to make the transition process from Windows to Linux (if asked for) to be quick and painless. To address this, we built a migration tool that allows our customers to move over all the work assets from Windows to Linux seamlessly so that they do not have to worry about rework.
4. Organization-wide focus and cross-company collaboration
A critical component of our success lay in cross-collaboration across R&D teams, and later with non-R&D teams, across the company. The Linux deployment is a completely new platform that touches every aspect of our organization and, at any given point, we had a significant number of Sisense developers contributing to it.
Additionally, this required changes outside of R&D.
Technical support teams needed to know how to debug issues and support customers using a completely new OS and new technology.
Pre-sales engineers needed to know how to successfully install and demo the new deployment to customers and needed to learn about the details of the new architecture. To facilitate the training of the tech teams, the teams not only subscribed to external courses but we also flew internal R&D trainers around the globe to share and educate the teams at various sisense locations.
Sales and marketing teams also needed to become familiar with cloud-technology and the benefits of the Cloud-Native Sisense on Linux deployment in order to convey these benefits to customers and prospects.
It was essential to garner buy-in across the organization with the full-support and prioritization coming from senior leadership. Without a vision and cross-organization goals, no project like this could come to fruition.
The Cloud-Native Sisense on Linux deployment marked a milestone in our journey as we became the only data and analytics platform with an advanced containerized microservices architecture that is purpose-built from the ground up with best-of-breed-technologies like Docker containers and Kubernetes orchestration that can be deployed on the cloud or on-premises. It provides the full Sisense platform including the Elastic Data Hub, which offers both live in-database connectivity to all major cloud databases, as well as Sisense’s proprietary In-Chip™ Performance Accelerator. The deployment fits seamlessly into DevOps processes and enables faster delivery, resiliency, and scalability.
We started this journey with a vision of building a true next-gen analytics platform that will lead the way in how organizations build large-scale analytic applications. We are proud of the platform being deployed with our customers today.
We successfully made this transition in little over a year and while we had some setbacks and difficulties (as with any project), the decisions around how to approach this project — like not shying away from rewriting components where needed — not only sped up the process but also allowed us to build a platform that can provide the most value to our customers in the cloud and the web based world we work in.
As we continue rolling out this new, full-stack Cloud-Native Sisense deployment, we are carefully working with teams across Sisense to make this a great experience for our customers and enable them to go from data to insights even faster in a highly-scalable and resilient environment.
Tags: Cloud | linux
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Queen Elizabeth Gave Prince Philip an Anniversary Gift Only She Could Give
This article originally appeared on InStyle
What do you give a man has everything—you know, a literal prince? Queen Elizabeth has likely grappled with this question for the past, say, 70 years as the royal duo celebrates the anniversary milestone on Nov. 20.
Well, as it turns out, being the Queen of England comes with some serious perks, one of which is the ability to grant knighthood. (To be honest, we'd be more interested in the tiara situation, but granting knighthood is cool too.)
The Queen, 91, took the romantic occasion as an opportunity to appoint her husband, 96, the Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, an honor which recognizes distinguished personal service to her majesty.
"Her Majesty has appointed His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh to be a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO)," the Royal Family's official Twitter page wrote on Monday.
Let's cut to the chase though—the Queen is seriously flaunting her royal privilege right now. If our boyfriends end up confronting us about their lack of knighthood, we're taking it straight to Kensington Palace (just kidding—sort of).
This Story Originally Appeared On Instyle
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Ten years pass in the blink of an eye
Chester-Le-Street store director Ross McLachlan presenting flowers to first customer Doreen Summers
Specsavers opticians in Chester-Le Street will celebrate 10 years of caring for the town’s vision this week.
Fundraising for local hospice
The store will mark the occasion by donating 10p from every £10 spent in store from Sunday 25 May until Sunday 1 June. The money raised will be donated to local charity, St. Cuthbert’s Hospice.
First customer rewarded
In addition, one of the store’s first ever customers, Mrs Doreen Summers, was presented with a pair of free specs and a bouquet of flowers by store director Ross McLachlan and his team.
Customers will also have the opportunity to win a pair of designer specs by guessing the number of recycled glasses in the jar which will be in store during the celebrations. Unwanted glasses from customers are collected in store and sent to Vision Aid Oversees on a regular basis, the next batch being used for the competition are scheduled be sent to the chairty next week.
Staff Numbers triple in a decade
The store, which first opened its doors in 2004, has tripled its number of staff from five to 15 over the 10 years it has been open and looks after the optical needs of over 25,000 local customers.
Ross McLachlan, store director at Specsavers in Chester-Le-Street, says: ‘We have been serving the people of the town for a decade now. It’s hard to believe we will be celebrating our 10th birthday as time really has gone past so quickly.
’Over the last 10 years, we have seen major advancements in technology and attitudes towards eyecare with more people conscious about taking care of their eyesight by getting regular checks. ‘We would like to thank all of our customers for their continued support and we look forward to seeing them during our birthday celebrations.
‘We are hopeful to raise a fantastic amount of money for St. Cuthbert’s Hospice during the week, which will be a lovely way to mark our decade in Chester-Le-Street.’
All Chester-Le-Street store information
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Sportbike Rider Picture Website
2000 Suzuki GSX-R600 - Added by rex.mitchell.nospam.aol.com on 12-Sep-2020
Uploaded for: rex mitchell
2000 Suzuki GSX-R600
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More Information on the Suzuki GSX-R600
The Suzuki GSX-R600 is a 600 cc class, or supersport, sport bike in Suzuki's GSX-R series of motorcycles.
Launched with a water-cooled 599 cc (36.6 cu in) inline-4 engine. The first model had the same body specifications as the 1992 GSX-R750, with the smaller engine and carried over through to the 1993 model year with no changes. It was not imported to UK.
Not produced.
Redesigned with the introduction of Suzuki Ram Air Direct (SRAD) and carried over through to the 2000 model year.
Redesigned with the introduction of fuel injection and carried over through to the 2003 model year with very few changes.
Redesigned which carried over through to the 2005 model year. Total redesign of the fairings and fuel tank. Inverted forks with radial-mounted brakes. Titanium valves, 32-bit ECU were some of the changes on the engine side.
Suzuki introduced an all-new GSX-R600. Underslung exhaust and slipper clutch introduced. Motor is a completely new, but with the same bore and stroke as before.
New subframe, bodywork, and fuel tank. Introduction of new Suzuki Drive Mode Selector (S-DMS).
9 kg Lighter overall, Showa Big Piston Fork (BPF), Brembo monobloc front brake calipers. New gauge cluster similar to those used on the GSX-R1000.
http://www.ashonbikes.com/content/big-piston-forks
http://www.mcnews.com/mcn/articles/2010JanIndex.pdf
http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/2008/05/article/2008-supersport-shootout-vi//
http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/2008/05/article/2008-suzuki-gsx-r600-comparison/)///
http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/2013/06/article/2013-honda-cbr600rr-supersport-comparison///
http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/232/16416/Motorcycle-Article/2013-Suzuki-GSX-R600-Supersport-Comparison.aspx
http://www.motorcycle-usa.com/Article_Page.aspx?ArticleID=3301
http://www.motorcyclenews.com/mcn/bikereviews/searchresults/bike-reviews/suzuki/suzuki-gsx-r600-2004-2005/
http://www.suzukicycles.com/Product%20Lines/Cycles/Products/GSX-R600/2014/GSXR600.aspx
Copyright by Sportbike Rider Picture Website 2021
The photo 2000-Suzuki-GSX-R600-341447-GP.jpg (2000 Suzuki GSX-R600 - Uploaded for: rex mitchell
2000 Suzuki GSX-R600) was uploaded by: rex.mitchell.nospam@aol.com.
Please note, we do not have accessories, motorbikes, motor cycles, motorcycles, or motorcycle gear for sale. This site is dedicated to displaying bike images of Aprilia, Bimota, Harley Davidson, Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, Triumph, Yamaha, and other sportbikes.
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NFL Trade Rumors NFL Draft NFL Power Rankings NFL Trades
The 2020 NFL season is the 101st of the National Football League. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there were no preseason games. The regular season began on September 10, 2020. The final day of the regular season is scheduled for January 3, 2021. The NFL playoffs are set to begin on January 9, and the Super Bowl is scheduled for February 7.
How many teams are there in the NFL?
How to watch NFL games?
Which is the oldest team in the NFL?
How many rounds are there in the NFL playoffs?
How to watch out of market NFL games?
A touchdown is worth six points. A touchdown is counted when the team is in possession of the football advances the ball past the goal line into the end zone; there is one goal line at each end of the 100-yard football field, and each end zone is 10 yards long.
An extra point kick is worth one point, and a two-point conversion is worth two points. After a touchdown is scored, the scoring team can elect to attempt an extra point kick or a two-point conversion. An extra point kick is counted when the ball is kicked through the uprights of the goal post that is located in the end zone A two-point conversion is counted when the team in possession of the ball advances it past the goal line.
A field goal kick is worth three points. A field goal is counted when the team in possession of the ball kicks the ball through the uprights of the goal post that is located in the end zone. Unlike an extra point, a field goal can be attempted at any time and from any distance.
A safety is worth two points. A safety is counted when the defensive team forces the offensive team to down the ball in the end zone on the opposite side of the field from the end zone the offensive team was advancing toward.
After the 17-week, the 16-game regular season is complete, 14 teams advance to the NFL playoffs. Seven teams from the American Football Conference (AFC) and seven teams from the National Football Conference (NFC) go to the playoffs.
The team with the best regular-season record in the AFC and the team with the best regular-season record in the NFC each earn the No. 1 seed for their respective conferences in the playoffs. The No. 1 seed allows a team to get a bye in the first round of the playoffs, and it gives them home-field advantage for any playoff game they play in before the Super Bowl.
The remaining six seeds in each conference play each other in the first round (called the wild-card round) of the playoffs in a single-game elimination format. The matchups are determined by seeding based on regular-season record and whether a team wins their respective division during the regular season.
The three teams in each conference that win their first-round playoff games advance to the second round (called the divisional round). The No. 1 seed in each conference plays its first playoff game in the second round. The matchups for the second round are determined by seeding.
The two teams in each conference that win their second-round playoff games advance to the third round (called the conference championship).
The winners of the AFC and NFC Conference Championship games meet in the Super Bowl. The winner of the Super Bowl is the NFL champion for that season.
The NFL regular season schedule covers 17 weeks. Each team plays 16 games, having one scheduled bye week during the season. Some weeks, there are no scheduled byes and the NFL has 16 games played, with every team in the league in action. Some weeks, up to four teams have scheduled byes and the NFL will have up to 14 games played.
In most weeks of the NFL schedule, there are games played on Thursday, Sunday, and Monday. The vast majority of games are played on Sunday. Some weeks there may be games scheduled for Friday or Saturday.
Due to players on teams testing positive for COVID-19, during the 2020 NFL season, there were some games that were postponed and rescheduled for rare gamedays like Tuesday and Wednesday.
The week before the Super Bowl, the NFL traditionally holds the Pro Bowl, the name for the league’s all-star game. For the 2020 season, the Pro Bowl will not be played on the field but instead will be a simulated Madden video game using the real Pro Bowl rosters.
The annual NFL Draft is held during the offseason, usually in April or May. NFL teams will draft from a pool of draft-eligible college football players.
The draft has seven rounds, with 32 picks in each round – one pick for each team. The teams with the worst regular-season records are given the highest draft picks in each round in an effort to help those teams improve. However, teams often trade draft picks, so the draft order rarely remains consistent.
The NFL Draft is traditionally a major event with fans traveling from all over the world to attend. Through the first and second rounds, draft-eligible players often attend the event and go on stage after they are selected to accept a symbolic jersey and hat for their new professional team. In the later rounds, players typically do not attend.
In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the NFL Draft was held remotely. Draft picks were announced on television and players were filmed at their homes reacting to being drafted. Fans were also filmed reacting from their homes.
The draft usually covers three days. The first round is held on Day 1, the second and third rounds are on Day 2, and rounds four through seven are on Day 3.
The 2021 NFL Draft is scheduled for April 29-May 1.
There are 32 teams in the NFL. They are split among two conferences, the AFC and NFC, and four divisions per conference.
Building and maintaining a dominant championship dynasty in the NFL is extremely difficult. Keeping a talented and successful core group of players together for a long time must endure challenges such as injuries, free agency departures, wear and tear on players’ bodies, and high turnover rate among the coaching staff. The assistant coaches on successful NFL teams are typically hired by other teams to become head coaches, negatively impacting the team’s chemistry and cohesion.
Which makes the accomplishments of the New England Patriots over the last two decades even more impressive. From the 2001 season to the 2018 season, the Patriots appeared in nine Super Bowls and won six of them. Head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady stayed together that entire time, and while many of the surrounding parts came and went, the Patriots established and maintained a winning system and culture.
Brady eventually left the Patriots during the 2020 offseason, and New England proceeded to miss the playoffs in 2020.
In recent years, in addition to the Patriots, some of the NFL’s consistently high-rankings teams have been the Kansas City Chiefs (reigning Super Bowl champions), Baltimore Ravens, Seattle Seahawks, New Orleans Saints, Green Bay Packers and Pittsburgh Steelers.
There are 32 teams in the NFL, split between two conferences (AFC, NFC) and four divisions per conference (AFC North, AFC South, AFC East, AFC West, NFC North, NFC South, NFC East, NFC West).
Most NFL games are broadcast on local and national TV stations in the United States. There are several online streaming services available to watch games for a fee, including Sling, Fubo, and the NFL’s official app.
The Arizona Cardinals and Chicago Bears were part of the NFL in the league’s first season in 1920. The Cardinals, however, existed as a pro football franchise even before the NFL’s existence.
The Cardinals’ history dates back to 1898 when they were based in Chicago and called the Morgan Athletic Club. They eventually became the Cardinals and moved from Chicago to St. Louis to Arizona.
The NFL playoffs consist of four rounds. The first round is known as the wild-card round; the second round is called the divisional round; the third round is the conference championship round, and the fourth and final round is the Super Bowl.
It can be hard to find the NFL game of your choice if you don't have DIRECTV's NFL Sunday Ticket. If you have basic cable, you can watch the games CBS, FOX, NBC, ESPN and NFL Network chooses to show in your area or on national TV.
Two free alternatives are the official NFL app and the Yahoo! Sports app. NFL games are available to live stream for free on your phone or tablet, but you can only watch games that are being shown in your local market.
The NFL app and Yahoo! Sports app streaming services are not available outside of the United States.
When is the NFL Comeback Player of the Year announced?
NFL Reddit Stream: How to stream NFL Divisional Playoff games for free
NFL: How many Super Bowls have gone to overtime?
Who will win Rookie of the year NFL 2020?
5 greatest NFL players to wear the #21 jersey
Who won the Heisman Trophy?
NFL: How many NFL teams have lost all 16 games?
The most watched games in NFL history
Seattle Seahawks fire OC Brian Schottenheimer
What NFL teams have the most cap space in 2021?
Where will Justin Fields be drafted? | 2021 NFL Draft
Who is still in the NFL playoffs 2021?
What team did Nick Saban coach in the NFL?
NFL: Indianapolis Colts LT Anthony Castonzo announces retirement after 10 seasons
Who won the College Football Playoffs National Championship in 2021?
Who is the best quarterback in the NFL right now? (2020-21)
5 NFL Players that never went to college
Is Najee Harris entering the NFL Draft?
Did Kirk Herbstreit ever play in the NFL?
How much does Nick Saban make in a year?
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Program Director - Justice and Public Safety Administration Professor
College of Legal Studies
Work Email : chughes@sullivan.edu
University of Louisville – Ph.D. (Interdisciplinary Studies: Criminal Justice, Sociology, and Social Work) Dissertation: “Reducing the incarceration of the homeless: An examination of multi-service use and the utilization of institutional services”
University of Louisville – M.S. (Justice Administration) Thesis: “White-collar crime: Theoretical perspectives on motivations in the public and private sector”
University of Louisville – B.S. (major: Justice Administration; minor: Sociology)
Criminological Theory, Biosocial Criminology, Social Deviance, Criminal Behavior, Social Control, Juvenile Delinquency, White-Collar Crime, Mental Illness and Substance Abuse
Dr. Hughes is a Professor and Program Director of the Justice and Public Safety Administration program at Sullivan University. Dr. Hughes obtained Ph.D. in Interdisciplinary Studies from the University of Louisville, with a focus Criminal Justice, Sociology, and Social Work. He obtained his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Justice Administration from the University of Louisville. Dr. Hughes serves on Sullivan University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). He is a member of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS), Southern Criminal Justice Association (SCJA), American Society of Criminology (ASC) and Alpha Phi Sigma (national criminal justice honor society).
Hughes, C.S. & Merrifield, H. (in progress) “Does the 2-repeat allele of the MAOA gene indicate a greater risk for shooting and stabbing among men?”
Hughes, C.S. (2019). Research: Conducting it, publishing it, and presenting it (Co-presented with Dr. Tony Pina). Sullivan University Ph.D. student and faculty retreat.
Hughes, C.S. & Merrifield, H. (2018). Does a more effective public speaking course impact student persistence? The Southern Association for Institutional Research, Norfolk, VA.
Hughes, C.S. (2018). Biosocial influences on crime across the life-course. Annual Meeting, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, New Orleans, LA.
Hughes, C.S. (2018). Your guide to the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Sullivan University Ph.D. student and faculty retreat.
Hughes, C.S. (2017). Legislative Waiver. In Christopher J. Schreck (Ed.).
The Encyclopedia of Juvenile Delinquency and Justice. New Jersey: Wiley.
Hughes, C.S. & Stevens, S. (2016). Hit or be hit: The role of genetic factors on aggression and the participation in contact sports. Annual Meeting, Southern Criminal Justice Association, Savannah, GA.
Hughes, C.S. (2015). Nuts and bolts of the IRB. Sullivan University Ph.D. student and faculty retreat
Hughes, C.S. (2014). Shining a light on the IRB process. Sullivan University Ph.D. student and faculty retreat
Foster, J.P. & Hughes, C.S. (2013). Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. In Jay Albanese (Ed.).
Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hughes, C.S. (2013). Understanding the Institutional Review Board (Co-presented with Dr. Jamie Arango). Sullivan University Ph.D. student and faculty retreat
Hughes, C.S. (2012). An analysis of probation decision making and probation success. Evaluation of KY Circuit Court Judge’s decision making.
Foster, J.P. & Hughes, C.S. (2003). The evolution of education in criminology and criminal justice: Hoisted on our own petard. Annual Meeting, Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Boston, MA.
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Steinhafel, a 35-year veteran of Target, will serve as an advisor during the transition.
In a letter to the board of directors, posted to Target's website Monday, Steinhafel said, "The last several months have tested Target in unprecedented ways. From the beginning, I have been committed to ensuring Target emerges from the data breach a better company, more focused on delivering for our guests."
Target said in December that hackers stole credit and debit card information from 40 million customers. In January it revealed that personal information like email addresses and phone numbers may have been stolen from up to an additional 70 million customers.
In the months since, Target adopted a faster timeline for switching to more secure chip-based credit and debit cards, and the payment terminals that accept them. As part of the $100 million effort, Target announced last week that it all of its store-branded cards would be reissued as MasterCard chip-and-pin cards in 2015.
Target also appointed a new chief information officer. Bob DeRodes takes over the position today after former CIO Beth Jacob resigned in March.
Target shares are down slightly in pre-market trading by 1.27% to $62.01.
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Rep. Shankland to host budget office hours on Monday
Nathan Vine
STEVENS POINT – Representative Katrina Shankland, D-Stevens Point, will host office hours on Monday June 22 at the following locations in the Stevens Point area:
•Portage County Health Care Center, Activity Room, 825 Whiting Ave., 10 a.m. to 11 a.m.
•University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Room 122 in Trainer Natural Resources Building, 800 Reserve St., 12 p.m. to 1 p.m.
•Portage County Annex, Conference Room 3, 1462 Strongs Ave., 3:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Shankland's office hour locations were chosen to reflect major issues in the 2015-2017 budget, which will have significant impacts on long-term care, natural resources management, the UW System, and more. Constituents are invited to voice their questions and concerns about the budget, which the legislature's Joint Finance Committee is taking up this month.
To contact Shankland, call 608-267-9649, 888-534-0071 or email rep.shankland@legis.wisconsin.gov.
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Allison Murdock, Stinson Leonard Street’s Deputy Managing Partner, Named to Benchmark Litigation’s Top 250 Women in Litigation
Allison Murdock, deputy managing partner, was named to Benchmark Litigation's Top 250 Women in Litigation for 2015. Murdock has made the list all four years it’s been published.
Benchmark has issued its Top 250 Women in Litigation since 2012. A hallmark guide to North America's leading women litigators, Benchmark’s Top 250 identifies women litigators based on U.S. market analysis and an exhaustive, months-long research cycle.
Murdock has held the role of deputy managing partner with Stinson Morrison Hecker LLP and then, after that firm’s 2014 merger with Leonard, Street and Deinard, with Stinson Leonard Street. She is also a member of Stinson Leonard Street’s board of directors and executive committee.
In the Missouri section of the 2015 Top 250 Women in Litigation, Benchmark notes:
“Murdock has defended corporate fiduciaries against claims of fraud, negligence and breach of fiduciary duty arising from the creation and administration of trusts. Most recently, Murdock’s litigation practice has focused on defending trust termination and reformation actions, and adversary probate proceedings. Her recent clients include several national and regional banks."
“Allison’s work ethic and client service are unsurpassed," said Mark Hinderks, co-managing partner, Stinson Leonard Street. "She brings extraordinary commitment to her role as deputy managing partner. She is a consummate leader."
Benchmark also recognized Murdock as a "Local Litigation Star" in 2012-2015 and a "Future Local Star" in 2009-2011. In 2011, the Kansas City Business Journal named Murdock to its annual "Women Who Mean Business" list.
Murdock is also a board member for Marillac, an organization that provides psychiatric hospitalization, residential treatment and education for children up to age 17. She is a past board member for Cornerstones of Care, Inc.
Murdock earned law and undergraduate degrees from the University of Missouri-Kansas City.
Amanda Bowling
Director of Marketing Communications
amanda.bowling@stinson.com
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The Thrill of Silent Flight
Gliding is the art of staying aloft in an unpowered aircraft, using invisible rising air currents to gain height and soar away in silent flight.
Gliding at its best is a solitary sport, with the pilot pitting his skill against the vagaries of the British weather. Success means that you can fly long distances and experience the freedom of the skies. (Failure, which is naturally always the fault of the weather, may mean landing in a field far away, and a late arrival home with your glider in its trailer.)
What Causes This Rising Air?
There are three main sources of rising air, or lift as we call it: thermals, ridge lift, and wave. Of course, whenever you have air rising in one place, there must be air falling somewhere else; we call this sink. The art of soaring is to find the lift and avoid the sink. It’s not always easy.
Thermals are columns of warm rising air, and are triggered by areas of ground that are warmer than their neighbours. For example, a brown ploughed field often warms up in the sun more quickly than the grass field next to it. Thermals are often marked at the top by Cumulus (or “cotton wool”) clouds. They can occur anywhere, and are the commonest source of lift.
Because the thermals are columns of rising air, gliders need to circle to stay in them.
Ridge Lift is caused by wind blowing towards a steep ridge, such as Sutton Bank in Yorkshire. The wind blows up the face of the hill, and is still rising some distance above the top of the ridge.
Gliders flying in ridge lift tack to and fro along the ridge to stay in the lift.
Wave occurs higher in the atmosphere, and is caused by the wind blowing over high hills or mountains. There is a series of standing waves downwind of the mountains, like the ripples behind a rock in a stream. Wave is marked by bands of lenticular, or lens-shaped, cloud.
Gliders flying in wave fly along one side of the wave clouds like surfers, and can travel long distances in a straight line. They can also fly very very high in wave.
Snitterfield is in a very flat part of the country, so there is no ridge lift, and we only very occasionally get wave from the Black Mountains in Wales. There are, however, plenty of reliable sources of thermals close to the airfield, so there’s no problem finding that important first thermal on a good day.
How Does a Glider Take Off?
Gliders are usually launched by a winch or towed behind a light aircraft.
A Winch is powered by a large engine, and pulls a cable which is as long as the airfield. The launch height is typically between 800′ and 2000′.
An aerotow uses a light aircraft to tow the glider into the air, and the launch is usually to 2000′, although it can of course be to any height if the pilot is prepared to pay the extra fees.
An aerotow can take you to a known source of lift, or to any height, and so is an easier way to start the flight. However, the winch is much cheaper and more cost effective. At Snitterfield, we only use the winch, and our launch height is usually between 1300′ and 1800′, depending on the weather conditions. On a good day, there are enough thermals in easy range of the airfield to make it just as good as an aerotow.
How Long, How High, How Far?
A glider can stay airborne for as long as the weather is working in its favour. One of the gliding certificates, which most experienced pilots have achieved, requires a five-hour duration flight. Long-distance cross-country flights can easily take five, six, or even eight hours. When you’re learning, though, even twenty minutes is a long time, and can be quite difficult to achieve.
Thermals in Britain reach cloudbase at typically 4000′ to 5000′ on a reasonably good day, although 6000′ is not uncommon and 8000′ is not unknown. In wave, though, 20,000′ is quite common for pilots using oxygen, and much greater heights are possible for pilots with the right equipment.
Pilots who fly cross-country usually fly a triangular course, visiting two pre-declared turning points and then returning home. This course may be 100km for a beginner, or up to 300km or even 500km for an expert. The longest flight from Snitterfield was 751Km to Petersfield, Lincoln, Basingstoke, and home, which took Phil King and Martyn Davies, flying in two single-seaters, over 9 hours.
The previous CFI at Snitterfield, Dave Benton, holds a British height gain record with a flight to 38,200′ in Scotland in 1982. The British distance record is just over 1000km, a flight in a two-seater which took over 12 hours. The world distance record is over 3500km, in the Andes, and took over 15 hours.
On March 3rd 1999, Jim and Tom Payne, flying an ASH-25 in California, broke the world record for a 300K out-and-return: 1 hour 7 minutes, 269Kph! That was in the morning. In the afternoon, they did a 500K out-and-return in 2:02, 247Kph. Apparently, the wave lift was quite good.
Most pilots, it has to be said, are quite content with much less than this.
Who Can Be a Glider Pilot
Almost anybody. You can’t fly solo until your fourteenth birthday, so we normally don’t start to teach youngsters much before this. If you’re over seventy, the medical requirements make it impractical to continue to be an instructor. If you are particularly large or small, we may not have a glider that fits you.
Between these limits, almost anyone can fly. We have members who started to learn after they retired at 65, and members who went solo on their 14th birthday.
The level of ability required is similar to that needed to drive a car, so almost anyone can do it. There are very few people who seriously try to learn to fly, but who fail to reach solo standard.
In particular, there is no advantage in being male, and many instructors think that women often make better pilots. Nevertheless, only about 15% of our members are women, an imbalance that we would very much like to correct.
We have an experienced Disabled Pilot, and many disabilities do not preclude flying solo. Each case must be decided on its merits, and safety is the only issue. Anyone who has sound senses and a sound upper body can fly a glider, and control rather than strength is the main requirement.
How Do I Learn to Glide?
If you want to learn to glide, the only way to do it is to join a club and fly regularly.
If you want to find out if you want to learn to glide, there are plenty of ways to go about it. The easiest is to book a Trial Lesson online, confirm it on the morning of the flight, and come along. You can also give the airfield a call on 01789-731095 on the day that you
want to fly, but there’s always a chance that we will be fully booked. You’ll get a briefing and a trial flight, and four weeks membership of the Club. If you explain that youre thinking of taking up the sport, you’ll get a lot more information about flying in general, and the Club in particular, than the visitor whos just come along for a bit of fun.
If you want to try more than just a flight, we can arrange a day’s flying, or a proper five-day Course. This is plenty of time to learn to fly, although there are airmanship and judgement considerations that will probably mean that you won’t fly solo. However, if five days isn’t enough to find out whether gliding is for you, then it probably isn’t.
If you are already a pilot and would like to add Gliding to your skills, or are balking at the cost of learning to fly a light aircraft, we have some membership plans that will help you achieve this. There are other plans that aim to get you to solo standard at a fixed cost.
Is Solo The End Of It?
No, solo is just the beginning. Once you’ve gone solo, you’ll undergo a period of supervised solo flying, and then you’ll start working towards your Bronze ‘C’ Certificate.
The Bronze includes written exams and tests of your flying, airmanship, and cross-country ability. When you’ve reached Bronze standard, you are free to fly solo cross-country, which is the aim of most pilots. At this stage, most people are thinking about buying a share of their own aircraft.
It’s possession of the Bronze that marks you as a Real Pilot.
The Silver ‘C’ Certificate is a certificate of cross-country achievement. There are three legs: a 1000m climb, a 5-hour duration flight, and a 50km cross-country flight away from home. The Silver is within the ability of almost all pilots flying almost any aircraft.
After the Silver are Gold and Diamond, which require 300km/500km flights and 2000m/3000m climbs. These require the necessary conditions, high-performance aircraft, and high-performance pilots, so they are not an automatic progression.
Alternatively, but not mutually exclusively, are the dual flying ratings: P1, Passenger Carrying; BI, Basic Instructor; Assistant Category Instructor; Full Category Instructor. The instructors that you fly with were once novice pilots like yourself, and most of them started flying at Stratford.
What Are The Rewards?
The rewards are what you make them. Some pilots are happy soaring locally, always staying in range of home. Others push themselves to the limits of their ability by flying longer and longer cross-country tasks. Others take to instructing, either introducing visitors to the sport that we’re all hooked on, or training new pilots from being a complete novice, through to solo standard, and on to being a cross-country pilot.
Whatever targets you set yourself, you are always facing the challenge of the weather, and the sense of achievement when everything goes right is enormous.
What’s more, it’s unlikely to be anything like what you do by way of employment, so it’s a very good way to relax at the end of a stressful week at a desk or looking after a family.
Because we’re a Members’ Club, we all have to work together as a team on flying days, so there’s a lot more to the day than just flying. As a result of this teamwork, there’s a strong social side to the Club, and most people wind down after a busy day over a drink together in the local pub.
Surely It Is Expensive?
No, not at all. In fact, the overall Cost of Flying compares very favourably with many other hobbies. At Stratford in particular, the costs are very modest, because we’re a Member’s Club, and nobody is making a profit out of the flying.
The annual subscription is well below what you would pay for membership for
many other similar hobbies, such as a Golf Club or a Marina. While youre
learning to fly, your flying fees will typically be £30 to £40 a day,
although long flights are more expensive (and very much more enjoyable),
which is many times cheaper than learning to fly a light aircraft.
We run a Junior Membership scheme which gives financial help to youngsters, to the tune of approximately half the cost of going solo. We also run a Junior Sponsorship Scheme which does a similar thing by providing fixed cost flying.
Most solo pilots want to own their own aircraft, rather than having to queue up to fly the Club single-seaters. The most common way to do this is to form, or to join, a syndicate of three or four people who share a glider. There are many second-hand gliders available, of various ages, and a first solo aircraft such as a K6 might cost about £4000, shared between four people. Once you have your own aircraft, you pay launch fees but not flying time fees, although instead you can expect to pay £200-300 a year for your share of insurance, maintenance, and certification.
If you try to keep up with technology, though, that’s when it starts to get expensive. All new gliders are built of high-tech materials and have high-tech cockpits, and for those, you can spend all the money you have and more besides: £40,000, £60,000, even £80,000, and that’s without the cockpit computers and satellite navigation systems. The most expensive glider is the Schempp Hirth Arcus, a high-performance high-tech two-seater self launching glider, a snip at £225,000.
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Nearest Dealer
BMW X2 Plug-in Hybrid Offers
Discover our exclusive range of offers on a new BMW X2 Plug-in Hybrid
Introducing the BMW X2 Plug-in Hybrid
Think Sports Activity Coupé (SAC) with enhanced performance, the BMW X2 xDrive25e is a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) version of the practical, sporty-looking X2.
Up to 32 miles of pure electric driving can be enjoyed in the X2 Plug-in Hybrid. Not only does this reduce running costs, it also enables free access to ultra low emission zones in cities; due to there being zero emissions released whilst in all-electric mode.
Longer journeys require the efficient internal combustion engine to engage and work in conjunction with the eDrive electric motor.
A comfortable and thrilling driving experience can be enjoyed in the X2 PHEV, whether you are completing a short urban drive or a longer cross-country expedition.
Range and Performance
Being crowned the most efficient model within the X2 range, you can expect the fuel consumption to be in the region of 160mpg (WLTP combined).
Meanwhile, the combination of the 1.5-litre petrol engine and the eDrive electric motor results in an impressive total power output of 217bhp. This is just 5bhp less than the most powerful model in the range; the M35i.
62mph can be reached from zero in just 6.8 seconds and even more impressive is the all-electric range of up to 32 miles on a single charge.
Whilst behind the wheel of the X2 Plug-in Hybrid you can clearly see the hybrid-specific instrument cluster, which allows you to check the charge level indicator in addition to the purely electric and combined range.
When it is time to re-charge the battery in the X2, there is no need to panic as the process is super simple. If you are at home or work you can simply charge using a conventional household plug socket or even better, a dedicated BMW i Wallbox. Using the Wallbox, the vehicle will reach 80 percent of its full capacity in just 2.4 hours or in 3.2 hours it will be fully charged from empty.
If you are out and about, you can make use of one of the many public charging stations located around the UK.
Test drive the BMW X2 Plug-in Hybrid
Despite its coupé-like aesthetic, the X2 is undeniably rugged like the rest of the BMW X range. The plug-in hybrid powertrain utilises a 4th generation lithium-ion battery and the latest hybrid drive to plunge the X2 xDrive25e to new levels of SAC performance.
To appreciate the practicality and performance of the X2 Plug-in Hybrid, contact your nearest Stratstone BMW retailer and arrange a test drive.
New BMW X2 Plug-in Hybrid Offers
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Japanese publisher prints horror novel on toilet roll
Horror writer Koji Suzuki has teamed up with a Japanese paper manufacturer to have his latest stomach-churning novella published in a very convenient form - on toilet paper.
By Julian Ryall in Tokyo 25 May 2009 • 06:24 am
Koji Suzuki poses with his latest work
The nine-chapter tale is appropriately titled "Drop," and is the alarming story of an evil spirit that inhabits a toilet bowl, according to Takaki Hayashi, vice president of Hayashi Paper Corp.
"I've read the story and it's very scary," he said.
Suzuki has won acclaim as one of Japan's leading horror writers and was behind "Dark Water, "Spiral" and "Ring," the tale of a videotape that caused the death of anyone who sees it. "Ring" was made into a movie in Japan before being snapped up by Hollywood.
His latest work is set in a public toilet and plays on Japanese superstitions that ghosts and evil spirits inhabit the smallest room in the house, which is why they were traditionally relegated to the most distant part of the home. Parents still tell naughty children that a hairy hand will seize them when they have their pants around their ankles if they misbehave and drag them down into the dark water below.
Hayashi Paper has veered away from the more conventional pretty patterns on its toilet paper in the past, according to Mr Hayashi, in the past producing rolls containing information on what to do in the event of an earthquake or other natural disaster.
The latest effort at toilet-time entertainment is printed in blue and is interspersed by splatters that are reminiscent of blood. The story is repeated over every 86 cm of paper and each roll costs Y210 (£1.40).
By Annelies Gartner 16 Jan 2021, 2:49am
By Sarah Knapton 16 Jan 2021, 2:48am
By Alex Clark 16 Jan 2021, 2:47am
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Short items of interest
Staff archive page
Sensitive Dust
Checking the dust on a door sill is an age-old way to see how clean a house is. Now researchers from the University of California, San Diego, are using specially engineered “dust” to see how clean the environment is. Chemistry professor Michael Sailor and graduate student Jamie Link have engineered small, glittery grains of silicon, about 100 micrometers on a side, that change color when they come into contact with organic pollutants in the air or water. Each particle is riddled with tiny pores that are coated with compounds that attract pollutants. As pollutants are drawn into the pores, the reflective properties of the particle change, producing a color shift that can be detected with a handheld reader up to 30 meters away. The researchers, who’ve licensed the technology to an undisclosed company, are working on particles tuned to a host of specific pollutants, so a user could simply toss out a handful of the dust to see immediately what, if anything, had poisoned the air.
This story was part of our January 2005 issue
In the Workplace, It’s BYO PDA
Personal digital assistants increasingly constitute an ad hoc component of the workplace information infrastructure – and are often unsupported, unintegrated, and insecure. Eighty percent of nurses, for example, purchase their own PDAs to use on the job, according to a Spyglass Consulting Group survey. They’re not alone: research by IDC shows that only about half of companies are footing the whole bill for workers who use handheld devices.
BIOTECH Q&A
Drug Development is Virtually Dead
By Spencer Reiss
Genomics technology and science were supposed to unleash a cornucopia of powerful new drugs. Bill Haseltin – who stepped down in October as the chairman and CEO of Rockville, MD – based Human Genome Sciences – explains why that hasn’t happened.
By all accounts, massive investments in genomics-based drug research haven’t paid off. Why?
Productivity has actually declined at virtually every big pharmaceutical company. We’ve traded constraints on drug discovery for constraints on drug development.
Was the promise of genomics-based tools oversold?
It’s not a science question. The current methods of drug development are still structured for another age.
You have a better idea?
Outsource the whole process to specialists – discovery, development, manufacturing, clinical trials. The skills that used to be housed in a few big pharmaceutical companies are now widely distributed around the globe. You manage it with contracts.
So do what a lot of the semiconductor industry has done – go virtual?
Drug targets are best developed based on scientific knowledge, which generally means an academic setting. A virtual or semivirtual company can take a group of those and coördinate the best providers at each stage, wherever they are. Most industries began seeing this long ago. That’s where I want to put my energy now.
Would you go offshore?
They’re doing great work now in China, India, and Eastern Europe. And in many disease categories, you don’t want to do trials in the United States because there are simply not enough patients, and the FDA is – I don’t think “obstructionist” is quite the right word, but in practice, that is the effect.
Alzheimer’s research – you’ve been banging a drum for it. Anything to do with turning 60?
Alzheimer’s is where AIDS was in 1985 – the fundamental knowledge base is there. But whereas with AIDS there may be ten different therapeutic approaches, we have twice that number for Alzheimer’s. It’s a problem that’s ready to be solved.
SOFTWARE Q&A
Scribe of Code and Prose
Ask computer programmers their favorite weblog and many answer “Joel”—that is, Joel on Software, written by veteran developer Joel Spolsky. By day (or is it by night?) Spolsky runs New York–based Fog Creek Software, which makes Web and software development tools.
Programmers are a famously cranky crowd; what explains your appeal?
I rarely write things that are controversial. Usually I pick on some established dogma that is just obviously wrong. Or something nobody ever believed for a minute but is still being spouted.
Let’s try a famous one, then: “Bloatware is bad.”
“Bloatware” sounds bad, but I like my software to do lots of things and have all these capabilities, whether or not I need them.
You also skewer “big handwavy generalizations.” Could you give an example?
There’s no possible level on which anyone can seriously say “Microsoft doesn’t know how to do operating systems.” But otherwise intelligent people quite happily say it nonetheless.
Joel on Software has been known to generalize.
I do this as a public service! I want people to think about the big picture.
Define “geek.”
A kind of light Asperger’s syndrome – very literal minded, doesn’t quite see the big picture. They’re not good at, say, reading faces. They don’t know when people are angry with them. So they often fail at social context. And they fail unpredictably, which is even more aggravating.
Judging by Linux and other open-source programs, geeks also have problems making software for ordinary people.
Open source is driven by programmers’ desire to show off what they’ve done. So everybody dives in and adds a feature, and you end up with endless menu options, most of which ought to be invisible. The Firefox browser project has made a big effort to stay simple. But the traditional open-source community doesn’t respect design; it only respects code.
Auto Drool
Antidepressant users, AIDS and Parkinson’s-disease patients, and millions of others are plagued with “dry mouth,” an annoying dearth of saliva that affects speech and sleep – and which can lead to serious infections. An international research consortium headed by a dentist and an electrical engineer based in Ra’anana, Israel, has teamed up to develop a tooth-sized implant that fights dry mouth by prodding underperforming salivary glands into action. Implanted in place of a wisdom tooth, the device contains a microprocessor, a wetness sensor, and electrodes that stimulate the nearby lingual nerve, which controls saliva production. The patient can use a remote control to fine-tune the amount of stimulation the nerve receives. The researchers are now testing the prototype implant on volunteers in Italy, Spain, and Germany and hope to have a version ready for market by the middle of this year.
3-D on the Fly
Full-color holograms are one of the best ways to visualize new car designs, or the enormous amounts of data collected in fields such as petroleum exploration and homeland security. Zebra Imaging of Austin, TX, has found a way to make large, full-color holograms quickly and relatively cheaply. Its prototype system is monochromatic, but it takes only 90 minutes to print a green hologram into a “tile” of film about .6 meters on a side; the best technology available to date, also from Zebra, costs $12,000 per full-color tile and requires three days in an isolated, vibration-free environment. Once inscribed, the tiles can be combined to form larger images. The prototype uses an off-the-shelf, pulsed green laser that burns exposures into the holographic film in bursts lasting only nanoseconds. Zebra is now developing complementary red and blue lasers; by early next year, it expects to be able to print full-color holograms at perhaps half the current cost.
No End in Sight for Bandwidth Glut
Despite the ever increasing appetites of Internet junkies, the international fiber-optic backbone is still massively overbuilt, with only one-quarter of its capacity currently being used. San Diego-based TeleGeograhpy Research predicts that the glut will persist for at least the next five years.
50 YEARS AGO IN TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
Immortality in a Test Tube
In due course living things stop growing, then show signs of aging, ultimately die; all living things, that is, except parts of animals or plants maintained in tissue cultures. The animal connective tissue cells called fibroblasts, for example, kept in tissue culture so that they are well provided with food, and waste products removed, continue to grow vigorously for indefinite periods of time. Thus although the life span of domestic chickens is but a few years, chick fibroblasts placed in tissue culture decades ago are still growing as lustily as ever; and barring some technical accident to the cultures apparently will continue to enjoy perennial youth forever. Tissue culture is indeed immortality in a test tube.
(January 1955, p. 131)
Rewriting Life
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The Witcher 3 on Nintendo Switch may mean I finally play the DLC
By James Peckham 19 August 2019
Blood and Time
(Image credit: TechRadar)
I’ve put enough hours of my life into The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, but its debut on Nintendo Switch may mean I have to pick it up and travel to The Continent again.
After 92 hours of monster hunting, romancing and playing Gwent, I don’t need to return to this game only a few years after finishing it, but there's one key reason why I may buy it again - and that's the DLC.
I've been lucky enough to play around an hour of the game's Nintendo Switch port, and that short burst of The Witcher's world has encouraged me to return and play through both Hearts of Stone and Blood and Wine.
Both DLC packs sit waiting at home for me on my PlayStation 4 – well, after I reinstall the 50GB+ game – as I've already bought them before.
I loved the ending of the main story, and something about how long I'd spent in that world meant I wasn't desperate to pick up the controller again and dive into those DLC storylines, even though they were ready and waiting.
How Long To Beat, a game aggregation website that estimates the length of games, says Hearts of Stone takes between 10 to 19 hours to complete, while Blood and Wine takes between 15 and 40 hours depending on how much you want to do.
That's another big undertaking in itself, so maybe the Switch is how I'll finally find the motivation to do them. I commute for over an hour a day, and the idea of being able to finally dive into these mammoth DLCs that themselves are longer than your average console game is an exciting one.
So far, my testing time has proved The Witcher 3 on Switch is still a fantastic experience.
It runs smoothly, although those load times are obviously still long, but I found it graphically looked similar to the original game despite its lower resolution.
This is likely to look much better on your TV - although it's only 720p - as it's running 540p in the handheld mode.
It still looks beautiful in this play style, but it's obviously not the optimum way to play The Witcher 3. If you want that, you'll want it on a top-end PC but the trade-off in power for portability is something I'd be willing to make.
If you’ve never dived into The Witcher 3, or you want a new way to play one of the largest and most sprawling video games in recent memory, then there’s likely no better way to do that then at the back of a bus with the Switch in your hands.
So far I've only had the opportunity to play the game while it's undocked, so I'm excited to see how it performs on a TV. But the whole reason this port is exciting is because you're able to take this adventure out into the world for the very first time.
Came and Gwent
The Witcher 3 on Nintendo Switch is the full package too. Everything is sat there waiting on the 32GB cartridge, and that includes both the extra DLCs I've mentioned as well as all the other free upgrades that were provided for the game after launch.
If you want the full experience from the very beginning, this may be the way you can finally get it. CD Project Red hasn’t dropped any missions, any elements of the story or Gwent to make this work.
Despite how much I loved it, I'm not clamoring to pick up Geralt's main adventure again but I think I'm finally ready to experience the final chapter that I've somehow managed to avoid for so long.
Everything you need to know about The Witcher TV series
NHS Covid-19 app 'Loading' notification: a bug fix is on the way
Virgin Media customers are about to get a major Wi-Fi boost
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A HAPPENING DECADE
The 80's Guesthouse is located at 100 years old shophouses in the heart of Georgetown, Penang. The concept of renovation rest on a clear contrast of what is old and new. All effort has been made to preserve as much of the character of the existing building as possible. Existing features have been left untouched while new circulation has been added.
This guesthouse is all about preserving the memories of the building, expressing the detailing, creating a natural, comfortable and authentic interior which appears to be a joy to occupy. The interior retains traces of its previous incarnations in the form of sections of exposed beams, brickwork and aged door. Those incredible worn walls were simply left to be as they are – patchy and broken – without the need to make them perfect by restoring or covering them up. It is important to keep these as a reminder of the history of the building.
The building is decorated with a mixture of vintage and contemporary furniture. Original floorboard from the building have been reused as bathroom door and furniture in the guesthouse.
The 80's was a happening decade when old meets with the new, has inspired the design of the guesthouse. We hope the total experience will be authentic and create timeless feel to the guest. The 80's guesthouse offers amazing value to travelers who looking for a stay with unique heritage experience.
© 2014 THE 80'S GUESTHOUSE
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What Happens When a Billionaire Swoops In to Solve the Student-Debt Crisis
A philanthropist surprised Morehouse College graduates at commencement by announcing he would pay off their student loans. But one person—even a very generous one—can only do so much.
"This is my class, 2019. And my family is making a grant to eliminate their student loans," Smith told graduates on Sunday.Courtesy of Morehouse College
Commencement speakers have a routine: a few words of encouragement, a good—or maybe not so good—joke, and a bit of advice. But this year, Robert F. Smith, the billionaire founder of the private equity firm Vista Equity Partners, who delivered the commencement address on Sunday morning at Morehouse College, a historically black college in Atlanta, took a different approach.
“You great Morehouse men are bound only by the limits of your own conviction and creativity,” Smith told the soon-to-be graduates of the venerated HBCU (historically black college or university). Smith then did something astonishing: He did what he could to make that actually true, telling the class that his family would be eliminating the graduates’ student debt. The crowd, as expected, went wild.
The gift, estimated at about $40 million, is expected to clear the debts of nearly 400 graduates in this class—and is the single largest donation from a living donor to an HBCU in history. The gift is, of course, significant in a political sense, coming at a time when candidates for president and other politicians are seriously mulling debt cancellation; but it is also significant for these black men at Morehouse in particular.
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Julie Beck
Read: Why America needs its HBCUs
According to a report from the Center for American Progress, black students are more likely to take out student loans than their white peers, and nearly half of black borrowers default on their student loans. One Morehouse graduate told the Associated Press that he had $200,000 in student debt, and that when Smith announced the gift, “we all cried. In the moment it was like a burden had been taken off.” By eliminating these graduates’ debt, Smith is very directly changing their future.
The thing about generosity, though, is that it is not a salve for systemic problems. Smith, who has a net worth of $4.5 billion, could eliminate debt for thousands more—and some parents hope that he will. (“Maybe he’ll come back next year,” the father of one Morehouse graduate, who has another son who is currently a junior, told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.) But one billionaire can only help so many, and more than 40 million people in the United States have student loans. And no graduation gift can help the millions of young people who never complete their degree.
It's for this reason that several Democratic presidential candidates believe that the problem of mass student debt requires a systemic approach and have proposed various “free college” policies. Senator Bernie Sanders, for example, has pushed to make public four-year colleges, community colleges, and trade schools tuition-free. Senators Kamala Harris and Cory Booker have signed on to debt-free college legislation. Elizabeth Warren has called for a fund of at least $50 billion to help historically black colleges in particular, as well as other minority-serving institutions, known as MSIs. And in addition to making public colleges tuition-free, her plan would also allow private historically black colleges, such as Morehouse, Howard University in Washington D.C., or Spelman College, to opt in to the federal tuition-free college program. Republicans argue, however, that injecting more federal money into colleges would simply encourage them to drive their tuition up more.
“This is my class,” Smith told the graduates and their families, “and I know my class will pay this forward.” Perhaps this is the start of a new trend; HBCUs are not used to receiving such large donations from living donors, and now the record—first a $30 million gift to Spelman back in December, now $40 million to Morehouse—has been broken twice in the past six months. Smith said he hopes that “every class has the same opportunity going forward.” But what are the chances? How many Smiths are out there, ready to swoop in?
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coronavirus Sept. 17, 2020
The White House Stopped the Post Office From Sending Out Free Masks
By Claire Lampen
Allegedly, the Trump administration was concerned about causing “panic” in providing the public with face coverings early on. Photo: Boston Globe/Boston Globe via Getty Images
At the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, U.S. public-health officials insisted that face masks only served a purpose for essential workers. Around April, however, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had changed its tune. They began recommending that everyone wear facial coverings, particularly in situations where social distancing wasn’t possible, to help limit asymptomatic spread of the virus. At first, officials reportedly feared that encouraging the widespread use of masks would exacerbate the PPE shortage, but by mid-July, CDC director Robert Redfield was saying, “If we all wore face coverings for the next four, six, eight, 12 weeks, across the nation, this virus transmission would stop.”
Given all of that, one wonders what things might’ve been like if the government had simply been upfront about the evidence from the start — and maybe distributed the resources necessary to head off a hoarding situation. According to a report from the Washington Post, the U.S. Postal Service was prepared to do just that, but the White House trashed their plan.
As the CDC began revising its guidance on face coverings, the Department of Health and Human Services allegedly proposed shipping out packages of five reusable face masks to every household in America, beginning with coronavirus hotspots. The USPS stepped up, drafting a press release (dated April) announcing its plan to deliver 650 million cloth masks and noting that it was “uniquely suited” to rise to this occasion. Per the Post, it would’ve started with Orleans and Jefferson parishes in Louisiana before sending out supplies to King County, Washington, Wayne County, Michigan, and New York.
The USPS had a plan to send 5 reusable facemarks to every household in early April. Even had a press release ready.
The White House blocked the plan.
“There was concern...that households receiving masks might create concern or panic." https://t.co/pYABjdzTCM pic.twitter.com/v4BLKRMPOc
— Don Moynihan (@donmoyn) September 17, 2020
Apparently, though, “There was concern from some in the White House Domestic Policy Council and the office of the vice president that households receiving masks might create concern or panic,” an administration official told the Post. Instead, the funding that would have gone to the mask-delivery effort ultimately went to Project America Strong, which provided for the distribution of cloth masks to “critical infrastructure sectors, companies, healthcare facilities, and faith-based and community organizations across the country.” At least until it ran out of masks in June.
The president’s expectation of mass hysteria may also explain his coronavirus response from the very beginning. According to historian Bob Woodward, Trump knew the coronavirus was “deadly stuff” in January, but publicly downplayed the threat so as not to “create a panic.” Instead of presenting a strategy based on the acknowledgment of fact, he has sowed misinformation and confusion. He personally refused to wear a mask for for four months and leaned heavily into science denial, setting a bad example his supporters have seemed all too eager to follow.
Meanwhile, six months into a global pandemic, the country accounts for almost a quarter of the global case count, and nearly 200,000 people in the U.S. have died from the coronavirus. Unfortunately, as we are continually reminded, it really didn’t have to be this way.
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The Free Library > Humanities > Humanities, general > Renaissance Quarterly > September 22, 2002
The Free Library > Humanities > Literature, writing, book reviews > Renaissance Quarterly > September 22, 2002
The Free Library > Date > 2002 > September > 22 > Renaissance Quarterly
From Cicero to Tasso: Humanism and the Education of the Novarese Parish Clergy (1565-1663) *.
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The humanistic program of education was one of the most important legacies left by the Renaissance to early modern society; The humane disciplines of grammar, letters, poetry, history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy, inculcated from the authors of classical Greece and Rome, became the intellectual heritage of the educated elite of western Europe. At a time when a minority of the populace was literate and literacy itself meant possession of only rudimentary reading and writing skills, the most promising students pursued Latin grammar and the humanities as the doorways to professional studies and advancement. (1) Among this elite were lawyers, physicians, civil servants, teachers, scholars and, of most interest here, members of the clergy both Protestant and Catholic. At centers as theologically diverse as the University of Wittenberg, the Academy of Geneva, Oxford and Cambridge universities, and the Jesuit Roman College, the classics and the humanities provided future pastors and priests with the literary and rhetorical skills, cultural depth, and moral reinforcement deemed necessary for successful and godly ministry. (2) In the case of the Catholic clergy, the role played by humanist studies can be measured by examining the educational background and the libraries of the parish clergy of the northern Italian diocese of Novara. In the century following the Council of Trent (1545-63) the Novarese parish clergy enjoyed a dramatic increase in educational opportunities with the establishment of schools, seminaries, and colleges in and around their diocese. Their studies were grounded in Latin grammar and the humanities, supported by grammars, dictionaries, and a variety of classical and Renaissance authors. Although the libraries of the priests provide an imperfect record of what they read, a number of priests appear to have developed a lifelong interest in humanist and secular works, and some continued the humanist tradition by taking up positions as schoolmasters in the towns and villages of the diocese.
The diocese of Novara was the western neighbor of the archdiocese of Milan and until the early eighteenth century part of the duchy of Milan. By Italian standards it was large and far flung, extending from the Lombard plain through the region of lakes Orta and Maggiore to the Italian Alps. In the early seventeenth century it included approximately 270 parishes served by over three hundred curates and almost two hundred canons, chaplains, and other priests. (3) Although the city itself had a population of over seven thousand souls, parishes of the surrounding countryside varied in size from several thousand in the larger towns of the plain to slightly over one hundred in the smaller villages of the lakes and mountains. Despite the remote location of many of its parishes, the diocese was in the mainstream of Catholic reform efforts of the sixteenth century. It enjoyed close ties with Milan, being part of the ecclesiastical province of Milan and as such participating closely in the reforms undertaken by Carlo Bo rromeo (1538-84), archbishop of Milan From 1564 to 1584, and a model of pastoral zeal and effective diocesan administration for many of his colleagues in Italy and throughout Europe. (4) Novara was bound by regulations passed by the Provincial Councils conducted by Borromeo, and its bishops were under the influence of the reformer. The most important of these was Carlo Bascape (1550-1615) who had been a collaborator and biographer of Borromeo and had served as general of the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul or Barnabite congregation prior to his appointment to the diocese of Novara in 1593.
One of the key elements of Borromeo's work, followed at Novara, was the development of a system of diocesan seminaries. The Council of Trent had viewed the ignorance and immorality of the Catholic clergy as major reasons for the development and spread of Protestantism in Europe. Its response, long in gestation, was the decree that dioceses establish seminaries for the formation of boys and young men for the priesthood. The authors of the seminary legislation, influenced by the creation of the Jesuit German College in Rome in 1552 and by the legislation (1555-56) of the humanist Cardinal Reginal Pole (1500-58) for clerical education in England, specified that candidates for admission should be at least twelve years of age and competent in reading and writing. Seminarians were to study Latin grammar, sacred Scripture, ecclesiastical books, the homilies of the saints, and the things necessary for the administration of the sacraments, especially confession. (5) Given the importance of ancient Roman authors to the study of Latin grammar, the Council thus gave at least tacit support to the humanist ideal that the classics were the doorway to intellectual and moral formation.
Although most dioceses of Italy and other Catholic lands were slow to establish and endow the new institutions properly, Borromeo created an exemplary network of seminaries and minor seminaries in Milan and adjacent towns. (6) When it came to seminary curriculum, as in so much else, he amplified and clarified what had been set down by the Council of Trent. He too saw Latin grammar and classical studies as fundamental to the intellectual formation of the clergy. His instructions for the seminaries of Milan stipulated that adolescent students, divided into two sections, should study Latin grammar from the textbook of the Portuguese Jesuit Manoel Alvares (c. 1526-83), and should read the Epistolae familiares of Cicero every morning followed by selected poems of Ovid and Virgil in the afternoons, with recitations or repetitions to be made the next day. From grammar they would proceed to the humanities, again divided into two sections, which involved more advanced readings from Cicero and the poets, as well as thr ee lessons a week in Greek grammar. If they made suitable progress in grammar and the humanities, they were to pursue lessons in rhetoric, logic, philosophy, and theology. Those who were not proficient in grammar and letters were to bypass rhetoric and devote all of their time to subjects of more immediate, practical use: cases of conscience or questions for the confessor, catechism, the Scriptures, and ecclesiastical rhetoric. (7)
To the extent that they were able, the bishops of Novara followed Borromeo's example by establishing seminaries and setting out their curriculum. Between 1565 and 1581 they employed local endowments for the creation not only of a main seminary at Novara but also of minor seminaries at Varallo in the Sesia valley and the Island of San Giulio on Lake Orta. However, these institutions remained small and poorly financed. In 1593 even the main seminary at Novara enjoyed revenues of only four hundred scudi, far short of the twelve hundred scudi mandated for it by the fifth Provincial Council of Milan (1579). Eager to improve seminary funding, Carlo Bascape followed a tactic already employed by his predecessors, directing the revenues of clericati, small benefices originally intended for the maintenance of clerics in minor orders, towards the new foundations. Although the project took almost his entire episcopate, in 1612 he could finally boast that the requirement of the Provincial Council had been met. He also cap italized on local endowments to create new seminaries at Suna in the lakes region and Borgomanero in the center of the diocese, so that at his death there were five seminaries in Novarese territory, with a total enrollment approaching one hundred students. (8) To give the seminary experience greater focus, he divided the main seminary at Novara into two parts: the seminary where students from the ages twelve to nineteen studied Latin grammar and the humanities and the College of Clerics where more mature students, after they had demonstrated proficiency in Latin, studied cases of conscience, the Roman catechism, and ecclesiastical ceremonies for up to four years. (9) This division lasted until 1624, when the Society of Jesus came to Novara. (10)
Although Bascape's curriculum was grounded in Latin grammar and literature, its objectives were in essence practical, designed to fill the diocese's need for priests capable of administering the cure of souls. The older seminarians focused almost entirely on cases of conscience, the Roman catechism, and ecclesiastical ceremonies, and at least initially Bascape left little room for rhetoric, philosophy, speculative theology, and even the study of the Scriptures, prominent in the Tridentine decrees. (11) Instruction in Greek was absent from his curriculum. Two factors lay behind Bascape's rather restricted program: a lack of suitable instructors and the urgent demand for parish priests in outlying areas of the diocese. However, instruction in the seminary of Novara, with its basis in Latin and the humanities, provided the possibility for further intellectual development. As well, many clerics had the time and money to study outside of the diocese, at Milan, Pavia, and other cities where new seminaries and colle ges were open to them. Bascape and his successors also supplemented seminary instruction with the teaching of the new religious orders of the Catholic Reformation. In 1599 Bascape persuaded his own congregation, the Barnabites, to establish a small college at Novara so that Novarese clerics could attend their classes while living under the rule of the seminary. In 1624 the Jesuits replaced the Barnabites, accepting responsibility for the Scuole Cannobiane, a local foundation named after its principal benefactor, the Abate Amico Cannobio (1532-92). The Jesuits were to be paid six hundred scudi a year from funds administered by the Monte di pieta of Novara, one hundred scudi by the seminary, and three hundred from other sources. In return they were to provide three masters of Latin grammar, humanities, and rhetoric, and lecturers in logic, philosophy, and cases of conscience. (12) The Jesuits, therefore, brought a more complete and diversified program of studies to the seminarians of Novara, one that is often r eferred to as the Jesuit Ratio studiorum. Lessons in rhetoric, logic, and philosophy were now added to grammar and letters at Novara, as the gateways, perhaps, for more specialized training in theology.
As in other Italian dioceses of the time, study at a seminary was not mandatory for clerics seeking ordination and advancement at Novara. (13) By the early seventeenth century Novarese clerics could pursue their studies through a wide and ever expanding network of institutions both within and outside the diocese. In addition to the seminaries and the establishments of the new religious orders at Novara, there remained Latin grammar schools and instructors in the towns of the diocese, schools conducted by the older religious orders, and new colleges and seminaries in neighboring cities. However, in these years the majority of the Novarese parish clergy, approximately ninety per cent of whom were native to the diocese, received at least part of their training at one or more of the diocesan seminaries, with the Barnabites at Novara, or with the Jesuits of the Scuole Cannobiane. (14) Of the 306 priests whose book lists are studied below, brief notes on the studies of 208 are found in the pastoral visitations cond ucted by the successors of Bascape. Of these, eighty-five priests indicated that they had received at least a part of their training at one or more of the diocesan seminaries, thirty-seven at the Scuole Cannobiane, and nine with the Barnabites at Novara. Thirty mentioned simply studies at Novara without specifying an institution, which might have involved study at one or more of the above. Twenty-four priests, the majority not native to the diocese, mentioned only studies elsewhere. (15)
Although a number of these priests stated that they studied Latin grammar and the humanities at the main seminary of Novara, it was more common for clerics to pursue the basic disciplines in the small seminaries of the island of San Giulio, Suna, and Varallo; with priests and other masters who taught in their home towns; or at a variety of institutions outside Novara, most notably the Jesuit Brera college of Milan. Many sojourned at two or even three such locations. (16) In addition to the twenty-four priests who reported studies exclusively outside the diocese, fifty-seven combined studies at Novarese schools and seminaries with time spent at institutions at Milan and, less frequently, Pavia. As well, a number of clerics added rhetoric, logic, and philosophy to their course of studies. The main seminary of Novara, the smaller institution of Borgomanero, and after 1624 the Scuole Cannobiane were the places where more mature seminarians finished with the study of cases of conscience before presenting themselve s for ordination and appointment to parishes, chaplaincies, and canonries. Few pursued more advanced studies in theology and canon law, and of these only a handful received degrees. (17)
The humanist training of the Novarese parish clergy was evident not only in the reports they gave about their education, but also in lists or inventories of books which they were required to present during episcopal visitation. This study is based on 306 such lists from visitations conducted between 1616 and 1663. (18) Among the priests who prepared the lists, 242 were curates of the towns and villages of the diocese, forty-seven were chaplains, fifteen were canons of collegiate churches in the larger towns, and two were clerics in minor orders. Only one of them served in the city of Novara itself. (19) With visitations occurring every ten to fifteen years, some priests would over time submit two or even three lists. In this study, every effort has been made to avoid using two lists from the same priest or cleric. As well, when a list contains duplicate copies of a book, only one is counted. The average length of the book lists was over forty-three titles, with fifteen priests possessing over one hundred book s each and several fewer than ten. In an age when the cost of books was prohibitive for persons who were not in the upper and professional ranks of society, the number and size of the Novarese libraries was remarkable, especially as they were possessions of individual priests. (20) The libraries compare favorably with the seventy-four titles found in the seminary of Fiesole in 1646 and even with the 130 books found in the average parish library of the archdiocese of Turin in the mid-nineteenth century. (21) The Turin libraries belonged to churches rather than to individuals, and were collected over a two-hundred year period, 1650 to 1850.
The Novarese lists were prepared in response to episcopal instructions that each parish priest keep books necessary in the administration of the cure of souls. For example, Bascape instructed parish priests to obtain copies of the Bible, the Roman catechism, the decrees of the Council of Trent and of the Provincial Councils of Milan, and other religious works filling into four categories: summas of cases of conscience, collections of sermons, devotional treatises, and commentaries or paraphrases of the gospels and psalms. (22) The lists were reviewed during pastoral visitations, and priests were instructed to remedy any deficiencies. (23) The Bible, the Roman catechism, and the decrees of Trent and of the Provincial Councils of Milan each appeared on well over two hundred of the 306 lists.
Although the priests were not requested to list the secular or profane titles in their libraries, they did from time to time include books of this nature, the majority works of classical Latin authors or other books used in the study and teaching of grammar and the humanities. Accounting for approximately twelve percent of all titles, secular works were a matter of secondary concern to the episcopal visitors, hence underrepresented on the Novarese book lists. (24) Of the 306 lists reviewed, only 151 included secular titles, while a number simply referred to the possession of unnamed libri grammatici. Of the 151, only forty-six priests owned ten or more secular titles: twenty-five listed between ten and nineteen, thirteen from twenty to twenty-nine, three from thirty to thirty-nine, and five over fifty. The longest list came from Bartolomeo Manino, curate of the small village of Pisogno in the region of Lake Orta, during the visit of 1639. Manino's library included over three hundred titles, with approximately 120 of a secular nature. He was then over sixty years old, and of his education we know only that he had studied cases of conscience at the seminary of Novara. (25) The second longest list belonged to Francesco Cacino, canon of the collegiate church of Omegna, who in 1646 possessed almost 250 books, one hundred secular in nature. Cacino had studied grammar at Omegna, the humanities at Milan, and cases of conscience at the College of Clerics of Novara. (26)
The secular books possessed by the Novarese priests can be divided into a number of categories. Grammars, dictionaries, and classical authors -- the works most likely to have been of service in the Latin grammar class -- appeared with a good deal of frequency. Works of philosophy and law were also relatively common. Works by Renaissance and contemporary writers appeared less frequently, unless valued for pedagogical reasons. Although it will be impossible to mention all of the secular titles on the Novarese lists, many of which appeared on only one occasion, the study of these books provides an important window into the cultural world of the Novarese parish clergy of the seventeenth century. Since the priests rarely gave the place and date of publication of the works which they possessed, in the study which follows reference is made to the first known editions of their books. (27)
Humanist pedagogy began with the study of Latin grammar, not as an end in itself, but as a preparation for the classical authors, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy. (28) Since late antiquity the study of Latin was facilitated by a number of texts which were written entirely in Latin and used by the grammar teacher. The most popular Latin grammar in Novara in the seventeenth century was De institutione grammatica (Lisbon, 1572) by Manoel Alvares, which appeared on twenty-two lists. Alvares taught Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and rose to become rector at the Jesuit college of Evora. (29) As noted above, his grammar was recommended for the seminaries of Milan, and Jesuit schools adopted it by the late sixteenth century. (30) It would certainly have been used in Novara's Scuole Cannobiane. Fifteen priests possessed a grammar text by the Flemish humanist Joannes Despauterius (c. 1460-1520), possibly the Prima pars grammaticae (1512), the Rudimenta (1514), or the combined edition entitled Commentarii gra mmatici (1537). (31) Girolamo Cafaro (sixteenth century) of Salerno was found on five lists. His Grammatices epitome, first published in 1545, was a short, elementary manual. (32) Other Latin grammars appeared on one or two lists only, including one book simply described as a Donato, the sixth-century Institutiones grammaticae by Priscian, (33) the Regulae grammaticales of the great Renaissance pedagogue Guarino Guarini of Verona (1374-1460), the Grammatica -- probably the Rudimenta grammaticae (1473) -- of the scholar, Papal secretary; and later bishop, Niccolo Perotti (1429-80), (34) and either the Della lingua romana (1540) or the elementary Latin grammar Priscianello (1550) by Francesco Priscianese. The Donato might have been one of a variety of texts, including the Ars minor of Aelius Donatus, the fourth-century Roman grammarian and teacher of St. Jerome, or the manual called the Ianua or gateway which predated the fourteenth century and was still in widespread use in sixteenth-century Italy. (35) Also w orthy of special note are the grammars of the Florentine scholar Francesco Priscianese because they used the vernacular to teach Latin, an experiment which did not take hold in Italy until the eighteenth century. (36)
Latin dictionaries were frequently found on Novarese book shelves. Sixty-three priests possessed the Dictionarium latinum (1502) by Ambrogio Calepio of the Hermits of St. Augustine (c.1435-c.1509/10). (37) Compiled from classical and Renaissance authors, it was familiarly referred to as il Calepino. Fourteen priests possessed a short Latin-Italian dictionary by Pietro Galesini (c. 1520-90) who also wrote lives of the saints and translations of the Greek fathers and had served as a collaborator of Carlo Borromeo at Milan. (38) Eighteen lists included the Nizolius, sive thesaurus ciceronianus (1536) by Mario Nizolio (1498-1566), who had an appointment to teach the humanities at Parma, while six referred simply to a Ciceronian dictionary. (39)
Books dealing with Italian appeared less frequently. Eleven lists included the late medieval compilation Fior di virtu. The Fior di virtu was written by an unknown author, probably between 1300 and 1323, and contained forty chapters on the virtues and vices. It served as a primary reader in the vernacular. (40) The Prose della volgar lingua (Venice: G. Tacuino, 1525) by the Venetian humanist and cardinal Pietro Bembo (1470-1547) appeared on five lists. (41) The Prose contained an Italian grammar and lexicon as well as an important discussion of the relative virtues of Latin and Italian and an account of the origin, history, and proper nature of the Tuscan vernacular. Also valued for the study of the vernacular was Ludovico Dolce (1508-68), a prolific author whose Osservationi nella volgar lingua (Venice: G. Giolito de' Ferrari, 1550) and Il Ragazzo, comedia (Venice: F. detto le Imperador, 1559) appeared on four lists. (42)
The Novarese lists suggest that the priests enjoyed only a smattering of Greek, Hebrew, and modern languages other than Italian. Four lists included the Institutiones in linguam graecam (Louvain: R. Rescius, 1530) by Nicolaas Cleynaerts or Clenardus (1495-1542), a humanist and university teacher from Brabant, while two contained a Greek alphabet, and one a Greek syntax. (43) Two priests possessed a Hebrew grammar by the Jesuit theologian and cardinal Robert Bellarmine (1542-1621), probably the Institutiones linguae hebraicae ex optimo quoque auctore collectae. (44) The Vocabulario de los dos lenguas toscana y castellana by Cristobal de Las Casas appeared on one list, as did a reference to a French grammar. (45) Only one priest listed a Greek lexicon, supporting the conclusion that few of the Novarese priests pursued Greek.
Classical Latin authors were frequently found in the libraries of the Novarese priests, often listed among libri grammatici or Latin works related to the classroom. Cicero (106-43 B.C.) was by far the most popular. (46) Sixty-four priests listed at least one of his works, and many possessed two or more. Twenty-one priests mentioned unspecified works, thirty-two his letters (in most cases the Epistolae familiares), twenty-nine his Orations, twenty-one the De officiis, and four the Tusculanae disputationes, a philosophical work on the conditions of happiness. Eighteen priests possessed the pseudo-Ciceronian Rhetorica ad Herennium, which possibly indicated that they had taken a class in rhetoric. Cicero was valued for his moral insights, for his dedication to civic affairs, and above all for his mastery of the Latin language.
After Cicero the Latin poets were the most popular classical authors. Virgil (70-19 B.C.) appeared on a total of forty-seven lists. Although in most cases no title was given, one can assume the Aeneid followed by the Eclogues and Georgics. Horace's (65-8 B.C.) Satires appeared on twenty-nine lists, and Ovid's (43 B.C.-18 AD.) works, notably the Metamorphoses and Fasti, on nineteen. The Satires of Juvenal (c. 60-after 128 A.D.) were found on four lists and Martial's (c. 40-103/4 A.D.) Epigrams on seven.
Historians, valued for the moral lessons which they taught and as models of good style, were well represented on the Novarese lists, supporting the argument that history became an important part of the Latin curriculum during the Renaissance. (47) Sallust (86-35 B.C.), author of De Catalinae coniuratione and the Bellum Iugurthinum, was found on twenty lists, followed by Quintus Currius Rufus' (first century A.D.) Historia Alexandri magni and Julius Caesar's (100-44 B.C.) Commentaries, both cited on fifteen lists. The Facta et dicta memorabilia (30-37 A.D.) of Valerius Maximus -- nine books giving short historical anecdotes illustrating the virtues and vices, popular from the Middle Ages on -- appeared on fourteen lists, while nine priests possessed unspecified books from Livy's (59 B.C.-17 A.D.) history of Rome ab urbe condita. Other historians of note were Flavius Josephus (37/8-after 93 A. D.), author of De antiquitate Judaeorum and the Bellum Iudaicum, who was found on eleven lists, Plutarch (c. 46-c. 120 A.D.) whose Lives appeared on six lists, and Eusebius (c. 260-340 A.D.) whose Historia ecclesiastica appeared on five. One priest possessed the Histories and Annals of Tacitus (56/7 A.D.-[+] 117 A.D.).
A variety of other classical works were also found on the Novarese lists. Dramatists were popular with the Comedies of Terence (193 or 183-159 B.C.) appearing on twenty-three lists, the Tragedies of the Stoic philosopher Seneca (c. 4 B.C.-95 A.D.) on six, and the comedies of Plautus (c. 250-184 B.C.) on four. The influence of classes in rhetoric was evident in that seven priests listed the Rhetoric of Aristotle (384-22 B.C.) and five the Institutio oratoria of Quintilian (c. 35-95 A.D.). The Natural History of Pliny the Elder (23/4-79 A.D.), still valued as a compendium of natural science, appeared on nine lists. Not surprisingly there were few works by Greek authors other than Aristotle, and these were readily available in Latin translation. Aesop's fables appeared on ten lists, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey on one, and the oratars Demosthenes (384-22 B.C.) and Isocrates (436-338 B.C.) on two and one list respectively.
Among the Renaissance and contemporary authors possessed by the Novarese priests, the only ones found with some frequency were those who served as models of literary style. Paolo Manuzio (1512-74), son of the Venetian printer Aldo, was the most popular. (48) His works, most notably his Latin and Italian letters, appeared on twenty-one lists. As well five priests credited him with the Adagia, really the work of Erasmus of Rotterdam but printed in a truncated version under Paolo's name since the days of the Council of Trent. (49) Also popular was Aldo Manuzio the Younger (1547-97), Paolo's son, whose Eleganze della lingua toscana e latina (1580) and Locutioni di Terenzio (1585) were cited on twenty-four lists. (50) Ten priests possessed the Silva di varia lecion (Seville 1540) by Pero Mexia (1499-1551) of Seville, a miscellany drawn from ancient and sixteenth-century sources including Erasmus and available in an Italian translation, (51) while up to three owned Lorenzo Valla's (1407-57) Elegantiae linguae latin ae, which was based on a wide variety of authors and became the most important Renaissance guide to Latin usage. (52) Fourteen priests possessed works by the Spanish humanist Juan Luis Vives (1492-1540), with two specifically mentioning his Colloquia sive latinae linguae exercitatio (Paris, 1540). The Colloquia was a collection of twenty-five dialogues based on situations from schoolboy life used for teaching Latin grammar and vocabulary. It enjoyed over fifty editions. (53) Also present were manuals for Latin and rhetoric by four Jesuits: De arte rhetorica libri tres, ex Aristotele, Cicerone, et Quintiliano praecipue deprompti by Cypriano Soarez on ten lists, (54) De particulis latinae orationis by Orazio Torsellini (1544-99) on four to six lists, (55) the Generale artificium orationis cujuscunque componendae, longe facilimum by Joannes Voellus on four lists, (56) and the Progymnasmatum latinitatis, sive dialogorum libri quattuor... (Ingolstadt, 1588-94) by Jakob Pontanus or Spanmuller (1542-1626) on at leas t two. (57)
Works of logic and philosophy were also relatively well represented in the libraries of the Novarese parish clergy; reflecting the fact that many had studied philosophy at the Scuole Cannobiane and the Brera college. Aristotle, the gateway to the study of Thomistic theology; was the most prominent here, as thirty-three priests listed one or more of his works, but only three the works of Plato. Eight priests listed unspecified works of Aristotle and fourteen the Organum quam logicam appellant. Aristotle's Physics appeared on eight lists, Ethics on six, De anima on three, and Rhetoric, mentioned above, on seven.
After works of Aristotle, commentaries on Aristotle and works on logic were the philosophical texts most commonly found. One priest possessed the commentary of the Dominican Tommaso de Vio or Cardinal Cajetan (1468-1534) on De amina, and one that of the Jesuit Vincenzo Filiucci (1566-1622) on the Ethics. (58) Eight priests listed philosophical works by Javelli or Chrysostom of Casale (+ post 1538), a Dominican known for his commentaries on Aristotle. (59) Works on logic included the Summulae logicales of Petrus Hispanus who became Pope John XXI (+ 1277) and the Dialectica of the Jesuit Cardinal Francisco de Toledo (c. 1533-96), cited on five and ten lists respectively. (60)
Approximately eighty other Renaissance and contemporary authors appeared in the Novarese libraries, many only once. Although there were exceptions, these titles tended to rest mainly in the hands of the forty-six priests who listed ten or more secular books in their libraries. This relatively small group of priests seems to have been moved by training in the humanities and by intellectual curiosity to seek out and read secular books beyond the fare offered during their student days. Their libraries suggest that their interests were broad and encompassed not only the scholarly but also the popular literature of the day, covering a spectrum ranging from poetry, oratory, history, and geography, to comedy and the burlesque.
Works of poetry in the Novarese libraries can be divided into the categories of epic and lyric. Epic poetry was represented by two of the greatest poems of the Renaissance, the Orlando furioso (Ferrara: G. Mazzocchi del Bondeno, 1516) by Ludovico Ariosto of Ferrara (1474-1533) and the Gerusalemme liberata (1575) by Torquato Tasso (1544-95), the former on two and the latter on three lists. (61) Ideally suited to the society of the court, both poems combined chivalric romance with the classical insights of Renaissance humanism. In addition Tasso's Re Torrismondo (Bergamo: C. Ventura, 1587), a tragedy based on concealed identities, incest, and friendship betrayed, appeared on two lists, and Sette giornate del mondo creato, an epic based on the book of Genesis, on one list. Also worthy of mention among the epic poets is Jacopo Sannazaro (1457/8-1530) of Naples, whose Italian pastoral romance Arcadia (Venice, 1502) and De partu Virginis, a heroic treatment of the nativity in Latin, were found on four lists and two lists respectively. (62)
Lyric poetry, oratory, and collections of letters were also valued by the Novarese clergy. Although none of the priests listed Dante, Petrarch (1304-74) was cited on seven lists for his Rime, De remediis utriusque fortunae, and other works. (63) Less famous was Dionigi Atanagi (c.1504-73), a writer and poet who served as secretary to cardinals at Rome. He published various collections of letters including De le lettere facete et piacevoli di diversi grandi huomini (Venice: B. Zaltieri, 1561) which appeared four times. (64) Also among the poets was Tommaso Caraffa, whose Poetiche dicerie, overo vaghissime descritioni e discorsi academici (Viterbo: E. de' Rossi, 1633) appeared on four lists and Fioretti poetici on one. (65) Luigi Groto (1541-85), the blind poet, orator, and playwright known as il Cieco d'Adria, was cited on nine lists for such works as Rime and Orationes. (66) The Lettere diverse of the poet Bernardo Tasso (1493-1569), father of Torquato and himself a courtier, secretary, and author of the chiv alric epic Amadigi, appeared four times. (67)
Also found were publications by Giovanni Francesco Loredano the Elder and the Younger. One priest possessed a comedy entitled Li vani amori (Venice: all'insegna della Speranza, 1588) by Loredano the Elder (+1590) (68) Two others had one work each by the younger Giovanni Francesco (160761): the romance L'Adamo (Venice: Grisei, 1640) and an edition of the discourses of the Academy of the Incogniti, which Loredano helped found. The presence of these two works is interesting because Loredano and his associates were at various times under suspicion for heterodox views on such matters as the immortality of the soul and sexual morality. However, Loredano's status as a Venetian patrician who played a prominent role in affairs of state protected him from ecclesiastical censure and he extended that protection, when he was able, to members of his literary circle. For example, the Novelle amorose, first published by Loredano and members of the Academy of the Incogniri between 1641 and 1651, were only placed on the Index librorum prohibitorum in 1683. (69) Therefore the Novarese priests of the period 1616 to 1663 would not themselves have invited negative attention by owning his works.
Other contemporary orators included Marc-Antoine Muret (1526-85), a French humanist who fled to Italy in 1554 on charges of immorality. Muret taught at Venice, Padua, Ferrara and finally Rome, where he was favored by Gregory XIII and became an ecclesiastic in 1576. He wrote numerous commentaries, orations and letters. (70) His Orationes appear on three lists, with one unspecified reference. Meanwhile two priests possessed the Orationi (Genoa: G. Pavoni, 1622) of Agostino Mascardi (1590-1640), who pursued a stormy career as a professor of rhetoric, secretary to cardinals, and writer. However, none of the Novarese priests claimed to possess Mascardi's Dell'arte historica (Rome: G. Faciotti, 1636), a work of deep historiographical insight. (71)
A number of important Renaissance collections appeared on the Novarese lists. Three priests possessed the Emblemata (Augsburg: Steyner, 1531) of Andrea Alciato (1492-1550), the famous Milanese legal scholar. In later editions the work presented over two hundred emblems, each of which consisted of a woodcut emblem, a motto, and a poem designed to illustrate the virtues and vices of humanity? (72) Giovanni Boccaccio's (1313-75) Genealogia deorum gentilium appeared on two lists, while one priest possessed De asse et partibus eius (1515) by the French humanist Giullaume Bude (1467-1540). Both writers helped reconstruct the ancient world, Boccaccio by providing a repository of Greek and Roman mythology and Bude by establishing the weights, measures, and values of the Romans. (73) Unspecified works of the Neapolitan humanist Giovanni Pontano (1429-1503) appeared on three lists. (74)
Although Il libro del cortegiano (Venice: A. Torresani, 1528) by Baldassar Castiglione was not cited, works on manners and etiquette attracted some interest. One priest possessed the Galateo of Giovanni Della Casa (1503-56) a poet, stylist, and disciple of Pietro Bembo. Cast in the form of a dialogue, the Galateo described the proper conduct expected of individuals in a wide variety of circumstances, and became synonymous in Italy with good manners. (75) Also found were two references to La civil conversatione (Venice, 1581), a book of manners and how to live in society by Stefano Guazzo (1530-93) of Casale Monferrato who served at the court of the Gonzaga. A number of priests also possessed Della Casa's Rime e prose (three references) and copies of Guazzo's Dialoghi piacevoli (Venice: G.A. Bertano, 1586) and letters. (76) Three priests possessed Le vinti giornate dell'agricoltura e de' piaceri della villa (Venice: G. Percaccino, 1569), a dialogue on agriculture and the joys of rural living by Agostino Gallo of Brescia (1499-1570). (77)
Contemporary historians made only a modest impression on the Novarese clergy, surprising given the place of classical historians in their libraries. Worthy of mention are the works of Francesco Sansovino (1521-83), a son of the Florentine architect and sculptor Iacopo Tatti called ii Sansovino. Sansovino edited the works of Dante, Boccaccio, Ariosto, and Bembo, and wrote a world chronicle and a history of the Ottoman sultans. Three of his works appeared once each on the Novarese lists: his treatise on the art of letter writing entitled Del Secretario...libri quattro... (Venice, 1564), Dell'historia universale dell'origine et imperio de' Turchi (Venice, 1560-61), and his letters. (78) One priest possessed the Historia d'Italia by Francesco Guicciardini (1483-1540), (79) and one Leonardo Bruni's (c. 1370-1444) De bello italico adversus gothicos libri IV, an adaptation of Procopius (c. 500 to after 562 A.D.). (80) One list included a history by Paolo Giovio (1486-1552), perhaps the Historiarum sui temporis libri XLV (Florence, 1550-52). (81)
Civil law, medicine, and works on healthy living were also of interest to the Novarese priests. Eight mentioned books of civil law, notably the Institutes of Justinian which were the standard introduction to civil law and in the Novarese libraries were usually held in conjunction with books of canon law. A number of priests also listed formularies for notaries. Works dealing with medicine and health included the Trattato della natura de' cibi et del beri (Rome, 1583) by Baldasar Pisanelli possessed by five priests and the Tesoro della sanita (Venice: A. Muschio, 1586) by Castore Durante da Gualdo on four lists. (82) Meanwhile two priests listed the Aphorisms of Hippocrates (460c. 370 B.C.), (83) one the Recetario of Galen (c. 129/130-c. 199/200 A.D.), (84) and one the Dispensatorium of Valerius Cordus (1515-44), a highly regarded description of medically useful plants and minerals and guide to pharmacological prescriptions. (85)
Travel books and works of geography and cosmology were also to be found on the Novarese book lists. The most popular was the Trattato nuovo delle cose maravigliose dell'alma citta di Roma... (Rome: B. Zannetti, 1610) by the Servite friar Pietro Martire Felini (t1613) which was valued as a guide to pilgrims and appeared on eight lists. (86) Five priests possessed other works attributed to the same author. Geography and cosmology were represented by John of Holywood (+1244 or 1256), Alessandro Piccolomini (1508-78), and Giovanni Lorenzo d'Anania (c. 1545-1607/1609). John of Holywood (Sacrobosco), who spent most of his academic career at Paris, wrote the Tractatus de sphaera, a standard textbook on astronomy which was printed forty times between 1500 and 1547 and frequently thereafter. (87) The work appeared on two Novarese lists. Piccolomini, bishop of Patras and coadjutor to the bishop of Siena, wrote La sfera del mondo (Venice, 1552) which appeared on three lists. He was a writer, Aristotelian philosopher, an d theologian who taught ethics and wrote sonnets in the style of Petrarch. (88) Giovanni Lorenzo d'Anania wrote L'universale fabrica del mondo, overo cosmografia (Naples, 1573) which also appeared on three lists. The work reflected the geographical and cosmological knowledge of the day, including the new world but maintaining a geocentric view of the universe. (89)
Among the more eccentric entries on the Novarese lists were writings of Anton Francesco Doni (1513-74). Doni, a one-time monk turned satirist and social critic, helped produce a translation of Thomas More's Utopia and set down a utopian vision of his own. His Mondi celesti and Inferni (1552-53) appeared on four lists. The Mondi celesti included Doni's bleak account of a perfect state based on communal labor and a community of wives. Mothers gave up their children and deformed infants were ruthlessly drowned at birth. There were no family ties, and in this way the anguish caused by love and death was eliminated. Doni's Inferni, meanwhile, consigned to hell not only prostitutes and soldiers but also lawyers, physicians, and theologians. (90) The Novarese lists also included compositions which were popular among the common people. Among these were works by the poet and song writer Giulio Cesare della Croce (1550-1609) who wrote hundreds of short plays and songs. One priest possessed three of his works including Le sottilissime astuzie di Bertoldo (Milan, 1606) and Le piacevoli et ridicolose semplicita di Bertoldino, figliuolo del gia astuto et accorto Bertoldo (Bologna and Modena, 1608). (91) These novelle, which told of the cunning and tricks of the fictitious peasant Bertoldo and the foibles of his simple son, were his most important works.
The history of the development of Novarese educational institutions and the record of secular books in the libraries of the parish clergy point to a number of conclusions. In the early seventeenth century Novarese priests benefited from a steady increase in educational opportunities. With a choice of schools, seminaries, and colleges open to them, both inside and outside of the diocese, many enjoyed a solid scholarly preparation which placed them among the literate elite of northern Italy. Although few obtained degrees, the Novarese priests had moved in the direction set for them by the Council of Trent, by Borromeo, and by their own bishops. Their education was based on the humanist program which began with the study of Latin grammar, supported by a number of published textbooks, and proceeded to the humanities, rhetoric, and history, emphasizing the best of classical models from Cicero and Virgil to Quintilian. Their training in classical Latin was supported by the purchase of dictionaries, collections of l etters, and guides to good style which had been produced by Renaissance and contemporary scholars since the time of Petrarch. They were expected to read and write in the Latin language. Although few of the priests studied Greek, Hebrew, and modern languages other than Italian, their humanistic background did not exclude the study of Aristotelian philosophy or eventually of Thomistic theology. The Jesuit Ratio studio rum included logic and philosophy, and a number of the Novarese priests were able to pursue these disciplines at the Brera college and at the Scuole Cannobiane.
Did the humanistic training of the Novarese clergy greatly influence their reading habits and life styles once they took up their parishes and chaplaincies? The Novarese book lists provide an imperfect record of the secular reading of the clergy, but do suggest that between twenty and forty priests -- those with the larger collections of secular books -- had the time and inclination to pursue a variety of literary interests, even when they were posted to the smaller villages of the diocese. The interests of this small group were wide, ranging from the epics of Ariosto and Tasso, through lyric poetry, oratory, and letters, to the more earthly comedies of Giulio Cesare della Croce. However, the intellectual priorities of the majority of their fellow priests probably focused more on the requirements of the cure of souls than on secular reading. Parish priests were expected to spend time in study, but in three specific areas. At Novara as in other dioceses in the province of Milan and beyond they were required to assemble each month in congregations where they discussed cases of conscience and other matters pertinent to the cure of souls. They were also expected to study the Scriptures, spiritual books, and collections of sermons for their own spiritual edification and in order to prepare the Sunday and feastday homilies demanded of them. Finally, they were to give children and youth of their parishes lessons in Christian doctrine on Sundays and feastsdays, and this too must have involved some preparation. These duties fell especially to parish priests, but chaplains and canons were required to contribute to the life of the parish as well.
Many parish priests probably did not find time to return to their school books or to take up secular reading, at least not as a part of their regular duties. However, there was one task which many of them accepted, both for pay and out of charity; which would have required the use of their secular books. In the seventeenth century a growing number of priests taught the rudiments of reading and writing to boys in the towns and villages of the diocese. The practice was already found before the Council of Trent, and many of the clerics included in this study were first exposed to letters by local priests. With educational standards rising, priests became available to teach reading, writing, arithmetic, and the rudiments of Latin grammar to boys in arrangements more or less formalized with their communities. In the years 1616 to 1618 fourteen parish priests and fifteen chaplains are known to have taught boys in the parishes where they served. Individual teachers often taught around twenty boys in this way. (92) L acking formal training as educators, they without doubt fell back upon the lessons and the books which they had once used as pupils. By the mid-eighteenth century, when there were three times as many clergy in the diocese as there had been in the 1610s, the role of schoolmaster usually fell to chaplains rather than parish priests: at least 129 chaplains and nine parish priests taught the basic skills in the period 1758 to 1763, in what came close to a system of elementary education. (93) Although many of their students would pursue ecclesiastical careers themselves, the proliferation of these chaplain schoolmasters ensured that the humanist program had a direct and widening impact on the people of the diocese.
* I wish to thank the three RQ readers whose comments have done much to improve this article. Financial support was provided by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the University of Saskatchewan, and St. Thomas More College. Abbreviations: ASDN = Archivio Storico Diocesano di Novara; BL Cat = British Library General Catalogue of Printed Books to 1975, 1979-87; BN(F) Catalogue general des livres imprimes de la Bibliotheque Nationale. Auteurs, 1897-1981; CE = Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation, 1985-87; DBI = Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, 1960- ; DHGE = Dictionnaire d'histoire et de geographie ecclesiastiques, 1912- ; DSB = Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 1970-79; DTC = Dictionnaire de theologie catholique, 1923-46; EI = Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze lettere, ed arti, 1949-50; Enc. Ren. = Encyclopedia of the Renaissance, 1999; LTK = Lexikon fur Theologie und Kirke, 1957-65.
(1.) For estimates of literacy rates in the Renaissance and early modern era see Houston, 116-54; Cressy, 1-103; and Grendler, 1989, 403-10. Bireley, 121-46, discusses the role of education in the Catholic Reformation.
(2.) Studies on the formation of ministers and priests are provided by Karant-Nunn, Maag, O'Day, O'Donohoe, and Strauss.
(3.) Deutscher, 1989, 383-86.
(4.) Borromeo formally became archbishop of Milan in 1564, after serving as administrator from 1560 (Boer, xiv). For essays on his pastoral and administrative activity, see Headley and Tomaro, eds.
(5.) Section 23, Decree concerning reformation, chapter 18, in Canons and Decrees, 175-79; O'Donohoe, 163-64.
(6.) For the situation in Lombardy and Borromeo's seminary system see Toscani, 1986, 226-32; and Negruzzo, 2001. A summary of recent research on seminaries throughout Italy is in Toscani, 2000. For the development of seminaries in France see Hoffman, 74-78.
(7.) "Institutiones ad universum seminarii regimen pertinentes, ab Illustrissimo et Reverendissimo D.D. Carolo S. Praxedis Cardinali, Archiepiscopo Mediolani confectae," in Acta ecclesiae mediolanensis, 947-69, especially 948-50. E.M. Riviere, 1914, "Alvates, Alvres, Manuel" in DHGE 2:col. 867.
(8.) Negruzzo, 2000, 53, reports that in 1628 the seminary of Novara had approximately fifty seminarians, Borgomanero twenty, and the Island of San Giulio twenty-four.
(9.) "Regole del seminario de' chierici di Novara," in Bascape, 1609, 599-615; Deutscher, 1981, 304-05; and Negruzzo, 2000, 45-50.
(10.) ASDN, Libro delle ordine del Seminario di Novara [1593-1656], 31v.
(11.) "Deutscher, 1981, 305-10.
(12.) Lizier, 57-59; Deutscher, 1989, 391-94.
(13.) Toscani, 1986, 225-26; O'Donohoe, 163.
(14.) Although many of the priests had surnames which were well established in their communities, the author felt it was prudent to base conclusions about places of origin on statements made by the priests themselves during visitation. Of the 306 priests included in this study, 114 stated that they came from towns of the diocese, while only eleven said they came from outside the diocese. For a broader sampling with a similar conclusion on place of origin, see Deutscher, 1989, 387. The personal profiles (status personalis) and book lists of the priests are found in ASDN, Acta visitationis, vols. 65-138, 141-71, and 180-82.
(15.) Seventeen of the remaining priests indicated only that they had studied in the larger towns of the diocese, or with priests and other public teachers. Six indicated only that they had studied cases of conscience by themselves, presumably after a more guided instruction in grammar and the humanities.
(16.) Of the 208 priests who gave information on their studies, 172 indicated the locale where they had studied grammar and the humanities. Since many studied at two or more venues, the numbers overlap. Sixty priests indicated that they had studied grammar and the humanities at schools or with priests in the towns of the diocese, thirty-one at one of the minor Novarese seminaries, twenty-three with the Jesuits at Novara, twenty-two at the main seminary of Novara, and thirty-four simply at Novara, which might have included study at the seminary or with the Jesuits. Twenty-seven studied grammar at the Brera college, and thirty-six at other institutions outside the diocese such as the Barnabite colleges of Milan and Pavia, Milanese seminaries and, in one case each, Rome, Turin, and Florence.
(17.) In the discussion which follows, of the 306 priests whose book lists were studied, four held degrees in theology, two in canon law, and one in natural philosophy. Among these were Giovanni Battista Rocato, curate of Tornaco in 1617, Giacomo Antonio Malandere, chaplain at Vespolate in 1628, and Giovanni Maria Rosari, vice-curate of Mercurago in 1660. ASDN, Acta visitationis 72:321r; 122:71r-72v; and 166:52r-v.
(18.) ASDN, Acta visitationis, vols. 65-138, 141-71, and 180-82.
(19.) Francesco Pelliciari, canon of the cathedral of Novara, was educated partly at Novara and partly at the seminary of the diocese of Vercelli. In 1617 his book list of 116 titles included twenty secular works, mainly classical authors, grammars, and dictionaries. ASDN, Acta visitationis 76:210r, 215r-16r.
(20.) Houston, 185-91, discusses the cost of books and the limited size of libraries of the sixteenth century. Although prices fell with time, book ownership remained concentrated in the middling to upper ranks of society well into the seventeenth century.
(21.) For Fiesole see Comerford, 1998, 678-80, and for Turin see Allegra, 91-223. Allegra's study is based on fifty-seven parish libraries.
(22.) Bascape, 1613, 63.
(23.) See for example the status personalis of Antonio Comolo, curate of Comignano in the vicariate of Borgomanero, who was reprimanded in 1617 for failing to have all the required books and for not being well versed in cases of conscience. ASDN, Acta visitationis 75:446r-v.
(24.) Books of use in the cure of souls accounted for almost 88% of the titles appearing on the Novarese book lists. The main categories of spiritual books included cases of conscience and confessors' manuals, 21.7%; devotional works, 16.3%; collections of sermons, 13.4%; decrees of Trent, provincial councils, and diocesan synods, 7.8%; the Bible and scriptural studies, 6.2%; lives of saints, 5.5%; catechisms, 5%; books on ceremonies and the Eucharist, 5.6%; works of theology and canon law, 2.5%; Church Fathers, 1%; and miscellaneous, 3%.
(25.) ASDN, Acta visitationis 128:303r-06v. Manino's status personalis is in ASDN, Acta visitationis 65, parish of Pisogno.
(26.) ASDN, Acta visitationis 138:155r-63v.
(27.) The only priest to list date and place of publication with any consistency was Antonio Magisto, a thirty-seven year old chaplain and schoolmaster at Cravegna in 1658, who had studied at Domodossola and under the Jesuits at Novara. Of the forty-seven books in his library, ten are known to have been published before 1600, thirteen between 1600 and 1619, nine 1620 to 1640, and five after 1640. The great majority were published in Italy, with thirteen published at Milan and seven at Venice. ASDN, Acta visitationis 159:468r-69v.
(28.) Grendler, 1989, 203-71.
(29.) E.M. Riviere, 1914, "Alvares, Alvres, Manuel," DHGE 2:col. 867.
(30.) Grendler, 1989, 378.
(31.) Ibid., 191-92.
(32.) Ibid., 192; G. Parenti, 1973, "Cafaro, Girolamo," in DBI 16:240-41.
(33.) Oxford Companion, 463.
(35.) See Oxford Companion, 196, for Donatus, and Grendler, 1989, 174-82, for the Ianua.
(37.) G. Doldi Rondinini and T. De Mauro, 1973, "Calepio, Ambrogia," DBI 16:669-70.
(38.) G. Philippart, 1981, "Galesini, Pietro," DHGE 19:cols. 762-63. BN (F) 56:cols. 746-47, lists the Tesoro della lingua volgar (Venice: A. Salicato, 1584) and Il perfetto dittionario overo tesoro della lingua volgar latina ... (Venice: Barezzi, 1643) among other editions of Galesini's work.
(39.) G. Calogero, "Nizolio, Mario," EI 24:862.
(41.) C. Dionisotti, 1966, "Bembo, Pietro," DBI 8:133-51, especially 142; D. Aguzzi-Barbagli, "Pietro Bembo," CE 1:120-23; D.J. McAuliffe, "Bembo, Pietro," Enc. Ren. 1:201-02.
(42.) Grendler, 1989, 87-88; BN(F) 40:cols. 1226-27. Grendler lists the Osservationi among the titles used by teachers of the vernacular in Venice in 1587-88.
(43.) P. Bietenholz, "Nicolaus Clenardus," CE 1:312-13.
(44.) BN (F) 10:cols. 250-51, lists a number of editions, beginning with that published at Antwerp by J. Moret in 1606.
(45.) Ibid., 89:cols. 557-58, lists six editions of this work, the first Venice: D. Zenaro, 1576.
(46.) Titles and dates for Cicero and the classical authors which follow are based on the Oxford Companion.
(48.) M.J.C. Lowry, "Paolo Manuzio," CE 2:380-81.
(49.) For example, the Adagia appeared on the book list of Giovanni Battista Francino, curate of Agnona, who studied Latin grammar, rhetoric, philosophy, and theology at the Brera college in Milan. Aged 33, he was one of a handful of priests who held a degree in theology. ASDN, Acta visitationis 182:284r, vicariate of Borgosesia (1663). For the Italian editions of the Adagia see Grendler and Grendler, 1976, 6. The edition of 1575 mentioned Erasmus only in the prefatory epistle, while editions of 1578, 1585, 1593, and 1609 made no mention of Erasmus at all. Erasmus' name would appear only once on the Novarese lists. A copy of De duplici copia verborum was among the books of Giuseppe Granalia, Rector of Rastiglione, in the vicariate of Borgosesia in the visit of 1646. Granalia studied Latin at Varallo and logic and cases of conscience at Novara. His book list included 114 titles. See ASDN, Acra visitationis 142:26r-27r.
(50.) M.J.C. Lowry, "Aldus the Younger," Enc. Ren. 1:39-40.
(51.) T. Deutscher, "Pero Mexia," CE 2:439-40. See BN(F) 113:cols. 813-18, for editions.
(52.) C. Trinkaus, "Lorenzo Valla," Enc. Ren. 6:207-13.
(53.) Grendler, 1989, 199-201; T. Deutscher, "Juan Luis Vives," CE 3:409-13; and E.L. Bergmann, "Vives, Juan Luis," Enc. Ren. 6:281-83.
(54.) BL Cat 306:421 lists five editions, the first at Salamanca by Mathias Gastius in 1577.
(55.) H. Rheinfelder, 1965, "Torsellini, Orazio," LTK 10:col. 259; Ferrari, 596; and BL Cat 328:59-60. Torsellini, who taught at Rome and Florence, also wrote a life of Francis Xavier, an epitome of world history, and a history of the shrine of the House of Loretto.
(56.) BN (F) 213:col. 301, lists an edition published at Valencia by J. Vervliet in 1604.
(57.) A. Fingerle, 1963, "Pontanus (Spanmuller), Jakob," LTK 8:col. 611; BN (F) 140:cols. 745-47. Pontanus taught at Dillingen and Augsburg for twenty-seven years and was known for his commentaries on Greek and Latin authors.
(58.) W.A. Wallace, "Cajetan, Thomas de Vio," Enc. Ren. 1:323-24; E Bernard, 1924, "Filliucci, Vincent," DTC 5:col. 2352.
(59.) M.-D. Chenu, 1924, "Javelli," DTC 8:cols. 535-37.
(60.) F. Cereceda, 1946, "Tolet (Toledo) Francois," DTC 15:cols. 1223-25.
(61.) N. Sapegno, 1962, "Ariosto, Ludovico," DBI 4:172-88; D. Looney, "Ariosto, Ludovico," Enc. Ren. 1:97-103; D.A. Trafton, "Tasso, Torquato," Enc. Ren. 6:113-18; and Brand.
(62.) J. Tylus, "Sannazaro, Jacopo," Enc. Ren. 5:394-96.
(63.) De remediis utriusque fortunae consisted of two dialogues among Reason, Hope, and Pleasure and Reason, Sorrow, and Fear about how to attain good fortune and remedy bad misfortune. C. Kleinhenz, "Petrarch," Enc. Ren. 4:451-58.
(64.) C. Mutini, 1962, "Atanagi, Dionigi," DBI 4:503-06.
(65.) BN (F) 23:cols. 720-21.
(66.) C. Calcaterra, "Grotto (Groto), Luigi," EI 17:996; Cambridge History 291.
(67.) M. Sherberg, "Tasso, Bernardo," Enc. Ren. 6:112-13.
(68.) BN (F) 100:col. 26.
(69.) Spini, 140-63, especially 144 note 3, and Miato. The latest of the Novarese lists to include Loredano was submitted by Balthasar Visconti, Rector of Invorio Inferiore, in 1648. ASDN, Acta visitationis 145: 127/r-32r.
(70.) U. Langer, "Muret, Marc-Antoine," Enc. Ren. 4:197; and BN(F) 121:cols. 1038-46 for numerous editions of Muret's orations.
(71.) V.A. Vitelli, "Mascardi, Agostino," EI 22:480.
(72.) R. Abbondanza, 1960, "Alciato (Alciati), Andrea," DBI 2:69-77; P. F. Grendler, "Alciato, Andrea," Enc. Ren. 1:35-36.
(73.) N. Sapegno, 1968, "Boccaccio, Giovanni," DBI 10:838-56; J. Levarie Smarr, "Boccaccio, Giovanni," Enc. Ren. 1:235-40; M.-M. de la Garanderie, "Guillaume Bude," CE 1:212-17; and M. L. Monheit, "Bude, Guillaume," Enc. Ren. 1:313-14.
(74.) T. Deutscher, "Giovanni Pontano," CE 3:113-14;J.H. Bentley, "Pontano, Giovanni," Enc. Ren. 5:118-20.
(75.) C. Mutini, 1988, "Della Casa, Giovanni," DBI 36:699-719; A. Santosuosso, "Della Casa, Giovanni," Enc. Ren. 2:137; Cambridge History of Italian Literature, 210-11 and 262-63; and Toffanin, 247-56.
(76.) La civil conversatione was a book of manners which described virtuous living and the types of behavior desirable in society. It was translated into Latin, French, English, and other languages. Cambridge History, 211; BN (F) 65:cols. 476-78.
(77.) G. Benzoni, 1998, "Gallo, Agostino," DBI 51:693-97; BN(F) 56:cols. 1051-52.
(78.) Grendler, 1969b.
(79.) T.C. Price Zimmermann, "Guicciardini, Francesco," Enc. Ren. 3:100-03.
(80.) C. Vasoli, 1972, "Bruni, Leonardo, detto Leonardo Aretino," DBI 14:618-33; J. Hankins, "Bruni, Leonardo," Enc. Ren. 1:301-06.
(81.) T.C. Price Zimmermann, "Giovio, Paolo," Enc. Ren. 3:68.
(82.) T. Pesenti, 1993, "Durante, Castore" in DBI 42:105-07; Bell, 305, 310-11. For Pisanelli's book see BL Cat 259:399-400.
(83.) R. Joly, 1972, "Hippocrates of Cos," DSB 6:418-31; L. Stephenson Payne, "Hippocrates of Cos," Enc. Ren. 3:150-51.
(84.) L.G. Wilson, 1971, "Galen," DSB 5:227-37; L. Stephenson Payne, "Galen," Enc. Ren. 3:1-2. BL Cat 118:45 lists the Recetario di Galieno Optimo e probato a molte infermita che achadeno a homeni e a done... Traducta in volgare per Maestro Zuane saracino, Venice [1508] and five other editions.
(85.) R. Schmitz, 1971, "Cordus Valerius," DSB 3:413-15.
(86.) M. Ceresa, 1996, "Felini, Pietro Mattire," DBI 46:92-94.
(87.) J.F. Daly, 1975, "Sacrobosco, Johannes de (or john of Holywood)," DSB 12:60-63.
(88.) A. Posch, 1963, "Piccolomini, Alessandro," LTK 8:col. 492; Toffanin, 530-31.
(89.) G. de Caro, 1961, "Anania, Giovanni Lorenzo d'," DBI 3:19-20.
(90.) Grendler, 1969a, 49-65, 170-77; G. Candela, "Doni, Anton Francesco," Enc. Ren. 2:172-73.
(91.) L. Strappini, 1985, "Croce (Della Croce), Giulio Cesare," DBI 31:214-18; Cambridge History, 324.
(92.) For example, in 1616, Michelangelo Zianotto, a thirty-three year old chaplain who had studied grammar and cases of conscience at the seminaries of San Giulio and Novara, taught boys to read and write at Miasino in the region near Lake Orta. His book list of thirty-seven items included seventeen secular titles, plus lecture notes from his student days, on rhetoric, logic, philosophy, and cases of conscience. His secular books included the grammar of Alvares, three dictionaries, a book of poetry, four volumes of eleganze, Cicero, Virgil, Horace, and Terence. ASDN, Acta visitarionis 65:221r-222r.
(93.) Deutscher, 1989, 383-92.
Acta ecclesiae mediolanensis a Carolo Card. S. Praxedis Archiepiscopo condita, Federici Card. Borromaei Archiepiscopi Mediolani iussu collecta et edita. 1599. Milan.
Allegra, Luciano. 1978. Ricerche sulla cultura del clero in Piemonte: Le biblioteche parrochiali nell'arcidiocesi di Torino sec. XVII-XVIII. Turin.
Archivio Storico Diocesano di Novara. Acta visitationis, vols. 65-138, 141-71, and 180-82.
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Bascape, Carlo. 1609. Scritti publicati da Mons. Reverendiss. D. Carlo Vescovo di Novara nel governo del suo vescovado. Novara.
-----. 1613. Lettere di governo episcopale. Novara.
Bell, Rudolph M. 1999. How to Do It: Guides to Good Living for Renaissance Italians. Chicago and London.
Bireley, Robert. 1999. The Refashioning of Catholicism, 1450-1700: A Reassessment of the Counter Reformation. Washington, D.C.
Boer, Wietse de. 2001. The Conquest of the Soul: Confession, Discipline, and Public Order in Counter-Reformation Milan. Leiden, Boston.
Brand, C.P. 1961. Torquato Tasso: A study of the poet and his contribution to English literature. Cambridge.
British Library General Catalogue of Printed Books to 1975. 1979-87. 360 vols. London.
Cambridge History of Italian Literature. 1996. Ed. P. Brand and L. Pertile. Cambridge.
Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent. 1941. Trans. Henry Joseph Schroeder. St. Louis, MO., and London.
Catalogue general des livres imprimes de la Bibliotheque Nationale. Auteurs. 1897-1981. 231 vols. Paris.
Comerford, Kathleen M. 1998. "The Influence of the Jesuits on the Curriculum of the Diocesan Seminary of Fiesole, 1636-46." The Catholic Historical Review 84:662-80.
-----. 1999. 'What Did Early Modern Priests Read? The Library of the Seminary of Fiesole, 1646-1721." Libraries and Culture 34:203-21.
Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. 1985-87. Ed P.G. Bietenholz, associate ed. T. B. Deutscher. 3 vols. Toronto and Buffalo.
Cressy, David. 1980. Literacy and the Social Order: Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England. Cambridge.
Deutscher, Thomas. 1981. "Seminaries and the Education of Novarese Parish Priests (1593-1627)." The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 32:303-19.
-----. 1989. "The Growth of the Secular Clergy and the Development of Educational Institutions in the Diocese of Novara (1563-1772)." The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 40:381-98.
Dictionnaire d'histoire et de geographie ecclesiastiques. 1912- . Ed. A. Baudrillart et al. Paris.
Dictionnaire de theologie catholique. 1923-46. Ed. A. Vacant et al. 15 vols. Paris.
Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 1970-79. Ed. C.C. Gillispie et al. 15 vols. New York.
Dizionario biografico degli Italiani. 1960-. Ed. A.M. Ghisalberti et al. Rome.
Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere, ed arti. 1949-50. Revised ed. Bartolini et al. 35 vols. Rome.
Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. 1999. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. 6 vols. New York.
Ferrari, Luigi. 1973. Onomasticon: Repertorio biobibliografico degli scrittori italiani dal 1501 al 1850. 1943. Reprint, Milan.
Grendler, Paul. 1969a. Critics of the Italian World (1530-1560): Anton Francesco Doni, Nicolo Franco, and Ortensio Lando. Madison.
-----. 1969b. "Francesco Sansovino and Italian Popular History 1560-1600." Studies in the Renaissance 16:139-80.
-----. 1989. Schooling in Renaissance Italy. Literacy and Learning 1300-1600. Baltimore and London.
Grendler, Paul and Marcella Grendler. 1970. "The Survival of Erasmus in Italy." Erasmus in English 8:2-22.
Headley, John M. and John B. Tomaro, eds. 1988. San Carlo Borromeo: Catholic Reform and Ecclesiastical Politics in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century. Washington.
Hoffman, Philip T. 1984. Church and Community in the Diocese of Lyon, 1500-1789. New Haven.
Houston, R.A. 1988. Literacy in Early Modern Europe: Culture and Education, 1500-1800. London and New York.
Karant-Nunn, Susan C. 1979. Luther's Pastors: the Reformation in the Ernestine Countryside. Philadelphia.
Lexikon fur Theologie und Kirke. 1957-65. Eds. J. Hofer and K. Rahner. 10 vols. Freiburg.
Lizier, Augusto. 1908. Le Scuole di Novara ed il liceo-convitto. Novara.
Maag, Karin. 1995. Seminary or University? The Genevan Academy and Reformed Higher Education, 1560-1620. Aldershot Hants, U.K. and Brookfield, Vermont.
Miato, Monica. 1998. L'Accademia degli Incogniti di Giovan Francesco Loredan, Venezia (1630-1661). Florence.
Negruzzo, Simona. 2000. "I seminari novaresi dell'eta moderna." Annali di storia dell'educazione e delle istituzioni scolastiche 7:43-59.
-----. 2001. Collegii a forma di seminario: Il sistema di formazione teologica nello Stato di Milano in eta spagnola. Brescia.
O'Day, Rosemary. 1979. The English Clergy: the Emergence and Consolidation of a Profession, 1558-1642. Leicester.
O'Donohoe, James. 1957. Tridentine Seminary Legislation: Its Sources and its Formation. Louvain.
Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. 1989. 2nd ed. by M.C. Howatson. Oxford.
Spini, Giorgio. 1950. Ricerca dei libertini: la teoria dell'impostura delle religioni nel seicento italiano. Rome.
Strauss, Gerald. 1978. Luther's House of Learning: Indoctrination of the Young in the German Reformation. Baltimore.
Toffanin, Giuseppe. 1973. Storia letteraria d'Italia: Il Cinquecento. 7th ed. Milan.
Toscani, Xenio. 1986. "I seminari e il clero secolare in Lombardia nei secoli XVI-XIX." Chiesa e societa: Appunti per una storia delle diocesi lombarde. Ed. A. Caprioli, A. Rimoldi, and L. Vaccaro, 215-62. Storia religiosa della Lombardia, 1. Brescia.
-----. 2000. "Recenti studi sui seminari italiani in eta moderna." Annali di storia dell'educazione e delle istituzioni scolastiche 7:281-307.
COPYRIGHT 2002 Renaissance Society of America
Deutscher, Thomas B.
Renaissance Quarterly
4EUIT
"Bastard children of tyranny": The Ancient Constitution and Fulke Greville's A Dedication to Sir Philip Sidney *.
Leon Battista Alberti at the Millennium. (Review Essay).
Interpretations of humanism in recent Spanish Renaissance studies.
Arctic bishop turns to England for clergy.
Focus on education in N.S. has 200-year roots: (Arthur) Peters takes cue from Bishop (Charles) Inglis.
Civic Humanism and the Rise of the Medici [*].
Toward the Genesis of the Kristeller Thesis of Renaissance Humanism. Four Bibliographical Notes.
20 years ago ... THE MORAL MAJORITY VS. HUMANISM.
Priest defies Church: runs for NDP (Canada).
Bishops back Ingham's choice of episcopal visitor.
Rhetoric and humanism in Quattrocento Venice.
Can you hear me now? Are laity still getting bad reception? A U.S. Catholic survey on the role of laypeople in the Catholic Church.
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Trend: 3 Innovators Across Time and What We Can Learn from Them
Human history is made up of many disruptors. Before the term ‘disruption’ was applied to business or marketing strategy, singular inventors, creatives, artists, scientists, and pioneering thinkers were dislodging all that came before in order to carve out something entirely new. A way forward, stretching the limits of possibility, shifting the fabric of doubt by just changing the status quo. Stars as bright as, say, Da Vinci may only come around once—but their impact is felt throughout the ages, and there’s still so much we can learn from their life’s work. Innovators know no bounds, ‘no’ means little to them, and realising their vision consumes them. Here are just three true innovators for whom ‘the sky’s the limit’ means or meant very little.
AN INNOVATOR THE 21ST CENTURY NEEDS: ELON MUSK For some, the founder, CEO and CTO of SpaceX may be equally as otherworldly and visionary as Da Vinci himself. Musk has worked within the innovation sector of the tech world since the mid-90s, and was a part of PayPal’s rise to global conquest. Now though, Musk has set his sights on bringing science fiction to reality: a ‘multiplanetary’ existence for humanity, beginning with the establishment of a Martian colony. Perhaps what’s especially endearing about Musk’s limitless approach to innovation is his sheer dedication to humanity. He’s not innovating for innovation’s sake, or recreating a sort of space race to reveal the power of technology, but rather seeking to better the world (and “reduce the risk of human extinction”). Musk has applied his vision and resources where it’s most needed—like reducing global warming via sustainable energy production and consumption. This week, Tesla held a little party in South Australia to celebrate the halfway point in creating the world’s largest battery, which will soon power the state—a promise Musk made over Twitter, and is keeping. He seems to be utterly dedicated, and unwilling to accept the world’s limitations. “It’s not just talk. It’s reality,” he said.
A MUSICIAN THAT CHANGED THE WORLD: MICHAEL JACKSON Michael Jackson may not have been meticulously planning the future of the human race and the science to support it—but he did quietly shift the world around him while writing some of the world’s most earth-shattering pop music. Whether or not you are a besotted fan, or if the celebrity of Michael Jackson, and his occasionally confounding personal life and continuous after-death album releases affect or annoy you—it’s undeniable that he was an exceptionally rare talent with a mind to shift the industry—and the world—he inhabited. Writing on music’s most ground-breaking individuals across time, Rolling Stone said ‘it’s hard to imagine the present-day musical landscape without Thriller, which changed the game both sonically and market-wise.’ In just over a year, Thriller became—and currently remains—the world’s best-selling album, with estimated sales of 66 million copies. When Jackson and producer Quincy Jones were first ideating Thriller, they had immense ambition for what the album might be—not unlike Musk’s dream of colonising Mars. They wanted to create an album that would appeal to fans of all genres and prove so important that the world’s prejudices would be overridden. They enlisted Eddie Van Halen to play a guitar solo in Beat It to firm up their rock credentials and Paul McCartney featured in The Girl is Mine. Jackson blew out the format of what a pop music album could entail, and also too, the scope of a music video with his cinematic 14-minute horror clip for Thriller. Jackson’s music is transcendental; it has a global appeal. He wanted to create music that would echo throughout history, and he achieved that goal through his energy and talent, and by surrounding himself with more talent. But he also succeeded by refusing to ever be guided by genre or prejudice, by cultivating a very distinct style (or brand), and by sharing his passion endlessly.
A PAINTER WITHOUT CATEGORY: GEORGIA O’KEEFE Known as the ‘mother of American Modernism’, Georgia O’Keefe was best recognised for her paintings of oversize flowers. The movements of her creative work over a prolific lifetime are comparable to Picasso’s in many ways, and she strived to have the chance to be viewed in the same light, uncategorised by her location, her status, or the fact that she was a woman artist. While she was the first woman to have a solo show at MOMA in New York City in 1946, an years later, In 2014, O’Keeffe’s 1932 painting Jimson Weed sold for $44,405,000, more than three times the previous world auction record for any woman artist—she always refused to be pigeonholed. She saw herself simply as “one of the best artists” without category. Along with her talent and hard work, this way of thinking allowed her to surpass borders and predecessors. Want more? Stay in touch and subscribe to our monthly newsletter here.
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Recap: The Business of Community
The Office Space was founded in 2003 and continues to lead the charge in the share office industry because of its unique and diverse offerings. We create intuitive work environments which are enhanced by architectural design and art, bolstered by business support services, and activated through an engaging and informative program of events and activities.
December 2019 Covid Update
Updated 7/12/20 The Office Space’s COVID-19 Safety Plan outlines our commitment to providing a carefully managed workspace that upholds the guidelines and the best practice advice of NSW Health, the Federal Government…
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News | Environment | May 23, 2017
Is One of the World’s Most Popular Fish Endangered?
Agency must determine whether Pacific bluefin tuna should be protected under the Endangered Species Act.
Early every morning, Tokyo’s Tsukiji Market, the world’s largest fish market, is a hive of activity as fishermen auction off their prized—and, in some cases, pricey—catch to wholesale buyers. In fact, at one such auction in 2013, a 489-pound Pacific bluefin tuna sold for a then-record 155.4 million yen, which is approximately $1.76 million.
But, because of the booming market for tuna and concerns about overfishing, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) recently made a 90-day finding that there was sufficient evidence to conduct a full review to determine whether to list the Pacific bluefin tuna as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
The finding responds to a petition submitted by the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD)—a nonprofit organization focused on “protecting the lands, waters, and climate that species need to survive”—on behalf of a group of environmental protection organizations. The CBD has secured protection under the ESA for hundreds of animals, including settling a lawsuit with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to make the agency decide whether to protect 757 different species.
According to the petition, a recent assessment of the Pacific bluefin tuna population revealed that decades of overfishing had resulted in the bluefin population’s dipping to 2.6 percent of its unfished size. The petitioners argue that this represents “the edge of extinction” for the bluefin. The consequences of the extinction of the Pacific bluefin tuna could be catastrophic, and not just for our dinner plates: as an important apex predator, the bluefin occupies a sensitive place in the ecosystem.
To decide whether to protect the Pacific bluefin tuna, NMFS will consider the status of the tuna’s habitat, the tuna’s level of commercial utilization, any disease or predation that the tuna may experience, and the adequacy of current protections. Even though the tuna faces risks from habitat destruction, its primary problems stem from overfishing and the lack of satisfactory regulatory mechanisms that address overfishing.
In addition, the dramatic decline in the bluefin tuna population is alarming enough, but the raw figures may actually understate the problem. 80 percent of all fish caught are under one year of age. As a result, scientists have reported that recruitment—the number of new fish produced—is low. Taken together with the fact that most Western Pacific spawning tuna are approximately the same age, these low recruitment numbers hint that the tuna population is in serious danger.
Although listing the Pacific bluefin as endangered would prevent American exports of the fish, a threat would still loom: the classification would not extend to non-American waters. Currently, open-ocean tuna fishing in the Pacific is regulated by two regional fisheries management organizations: the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC). Both the IATTC and the WCPFC currently have population management procedures in place.
However, according to the petition, IATTC’s past catch quotas were set without reference to commonly accepted scientific standards, and the WCPFC’s tuna population rebuilding plan is not nearly aggressive enough. The United States has adopted IATTC catch quotas, despite the fact that the U.S. commercial catch has not reached the current IATTC annual quota this millennium.
Furthermore, listing the tuna as endangered would make it illegal to catch and kill bluefins in American waters, in addition to barring American possession or importation of the fish. Those protections may not be sufficient to protect the population, though, since the United States is reportedly only responsible for about 3 percent of Pacific bluefin imports. Moreover, an American designation as endangered would not be strong enough to bind other countries, especially Japan, which accounts for 80 percent of the global Pacific bluefin catch and is the world’s leading fish importer.
Indeed, Japanese opposition has scuttled a prior international attempt to impose stricter regulations on tuna fishing. In 2010, the United Nations blocked an American-led proposal to ban international trade in the Atlantic bluefin tuna. Japan led the opposition to the proposal, reportedly expressing concerns about the bluefin population but also arguing that the United Nations was not the proper organization to regulate tuna fishing. Japan’s resistance against the proposal allegedly struck a chord with other fishing-dependent countries that were worried about this intrusion into commercial fishing.
Under the ESA, if a petition like the one sent by the CBD is found to contain “substantial scientific or commercial information” that indicates the action requested by the petition may be warranted, NMFS is then required to undertake a more thorough review. Through this review, NMFS will determine whether to classify the Pacific bluefin tuna as endangered or threatened, or neither.
NMFS’s final decision on whether or not to list the Pacific bluefin tuna as endangered is due June 20, 2017, a year after the receipt of the petition.
Tagged: Animals, Endangered Species List, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Synopsis | Process | Process | Process Mar 12, 2020
Regulating Backyard Breeders
Grace Gale
Scholar favors ending unregulated small-volume dog breeding.
Synopsis | Environment | Environment | Environment | Uncategorized Jun 27, 2019
Flawed Rules Ensnare Marine Mammals
Sarah Madigan
Scholar identifies pitfalls of marine mammal protections and pushes for coordinated global standards.
Opinion | Environment | Environment | Environment Feb 13, 2019
Single-Use Plastics Need Comprehensive Federal Legislation
Julia Stein
Despite state and local action, more effective reduction of single-use plastics must come from Congress.
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Terrace Global Re-Iterates Board, Management and Key Shareholder Lock-Up Agreements Representing More Than 76% of All Common Shares
[December 02, 2019]
Terrace Global Inc. ("Terrace Global" or the "Company") (TSXV:TRCE) today reiterates the lock-up agreements in place with its board of directors, management and key shareholders, representing more than 76% of the Company's issued and outstanding common shares, as follows:
Shareholder Group
Board of Directors and Management(1)
3 years following closing of the go public transaction.(2)
International Advisory Board(1)
3 years following closing of the go public transaction.
Key Shareholders(1)
Prior Financing Shareholders (at $0.25/share)
6 months following closing of the go public transaction.
(1) Pursuant to TSXV value escrow agreement and/or voluntary lock-up.
(2) The Company closed its go public transaction on November 18, 2019.
"These extended lock-up agreements demonstrate the confidence that the management team and the board of directors have in the long-term potential of the Company," commented Francisco Ortiz von Bismarck, CEO and Co-Founder of the Company. "While the low volumes in the trading of our common shares is not indicative of the true value of our Company, we believe it was important to ensure that a substantial component of our shares were subject to lock-up to ensure the long-term success of our Company. We have been pleased to see our shareholders believing in our long-term view of the international cannabis opportunity and their agreement to work with us on that basis."
About Terrace Global:
Terrace Global is a multi-country operator (MCO) led by experienced cannabis entrepreneurs focused on the development and acquisition of international cannabis assets. Terrace Global's focus is on federally legal jurisdictions with existing domestic demand, low cost inputs and approved for exportation. Terrace Global's existing asset platform consists of: (1) a 33.75% indirect equity interest in one of the currently two recreational cannabis operations in Uruguay; (2) 100% of Oransur, S.A., a Uruguayan company producing high CBD hemp in Uruguay; (3) 100% of Terra Nova Produção e Comercialização de Produtos Natuis e Farmacêuticos, Lda, a Portuguese company with a pre-license issued by INFARMED for the cultivation, importation, and exportation of medical cannabis in Portugal; and (4) 100% of Pharmabinoide S.L., a Spanish company producing and commercializing hemp in Spain. MariMed Inc., a multi-state cannabis operator in the U.S., dedicated to improving the health and wellness of people through the use of cannabinoids and cannabis products, owns approximately 6% of Terrace Global. For more information, please see www.terraceglobal.ca.
This news release contains certain forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements about the Corporation's future plans and intentions and the listing of the Resulting Issuer Shares on the TSXV. Wherever possible, words such as "may", "will", "should", "could", "expect", "plan", "intend", "anticipate", "believe", "estimate", "predict" or "potential" or the negative or other variations of these words, or similar words or phrases, have been used to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements reflect management's current beliefs and are based on information currently available to management as at the date hereof.
Forward-looking statements involve significant risk, uncertainties and assumptions. Many factors could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results discussed or implied in the forward-looking statements. These factors should be considered carefully and readers should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements. Although the forward-looking statements contained in this news release are based upon what management believes to be reasonable assumptions, the Corporation cannot assure readers that actual results will be consistent with these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this news release, and the Corporation assumes no obligation to update or revise them to reflect new events or circumstances, except as required by law.
Neither the TSXV nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSXV) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Interview with iNetworks Group
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Smart Mobile Apps Empower Business Executives on the Go
Supermicro Reference Architecture for Microsoft Storage Space Direct Hyper-Converged Infrastructure
The US Contact Center Decision-Makers’ Guide 2015
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Here's how Joey Chestnut feels after eating record-breaking 74 hot dogs
The big 'wiener' consumed over 21,000 calories in 10 minutes.
July 5, 2018, 3:19 PM UTC / Source: TODAY
By Randee Dawn
At the annual Fourth of July Nathan's Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest on Coney Island, New York, determining the big winner (or wiener) is usually pretty straightforward. But this year, the number of dogs consumed by the winner of the men's competition wasn't counted correctly. Famed competitive eater Joey "Jaws" Chestnut joined TODAY's anchors this morning to talk about the controversy, his record-breaking win and how he feels after the binge.
Meet the 2018 champions of Nathan's hot dog eating contest
July 5, 201801:54
Chestnut won the big prize for the 11th time, breaking his official world record with 74 hot dogs and buns consumed in 10 minutes (in 2017, he ate 72). Counters at the contest initially miscalculated the number at 64. Women's champ Miki Sudo won her fifth prize by consuming 37 hot dogs with buns in the same time period.
Joey Chestnut certainly relished his victory after winning the Nathan's Famous Hot Dog Eating Contest in Coney Island, New York.Peter Foley / EPA
So, how does Chestnut feel the day after packing away over 21,000 calories in 10 minutes?
"I don't feel great," he admitted on TODAY Thursday. "I feel amazing that I won and I got a record, but like a marathon runner, you feel like garbage after a marathon."
Chestnut, demonstrating more stomach fortitude than most of us.Eduardo Munoz Alvarez / Getty Images
Technique is important when eating competitively, especially when bread is involved. Six-time winner Takeru Kobayshi is credited with popularizing the "Solomon Method," in which the hot dog is split in half, the buns are dipped in water, and then both are consumed. Before using the method for his first victory in 2001, winners hadn't topped 25 hot dogs consumed; that year, Kobayashi ate 50.
Miki Sudo (center), the women's hot dog eating champion, has a particular plan for consuming her franks.Nathan Congleton / TODAY
As for women's winner Sudo, her consumption of 37 franks to earn a fifth consecutive win may owe something to Kobayshi. As she explained, "Typically I eat two hot dogs — two meats, followed by two buns, and rinse and repeat."
So, how many hot dogs could they eat right now on the TODAY plaza?
Chestnut was far from dog-tired: "Enough to win!" he said.
Kid-friendly hacks! How to make spiral-cut hot dogs, the perfect shape burgers
Follow Randee Dawn on Twitter.
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Movie review: Rosamund Pike goes to ‘War’
Nov 8, 2018 at 3:04 PM Nov 8, 2018 at 3:04 PM
Documentarian Matthew Heineman’s first narrative feature, “A Private War,” tells the story of slain newswoman Marie Colvin. It’s urgent and intense filmmaking — and you’ll leave the movie shell-shocked, a feeling you won’t be able to shake for days. Heineman (“Cartel Land,” “City of Ghosts”) shoots the movie in documentary style, bringing viewers smack into the war-torn areas she so meticulously brought home to readers. Serving as our guide is Rosamund Pike (“Gone Girl”), delivering the performance of her career as Colvin, a journalist dedicated to speaking truth to power and to chronicling the all-too-high human cost of war. She was a warrior who saw more frontline action than most soldiers in her years reporting for the Sunday Times of London. She was also deeply affected by all those bombs and bodies, so much so that post-traumatic stress sends her to rehab. Yet, despite observing all those sick, starving people — even losing an eye in Sri Lanka — nothing could deter her. She felt it her duty to tell those peoples’ stories, most of them about women and children who couldn’t speak for themselves. “People are dying and no one knows it is happening,” she says in refusing to “hang up her flak jacket.” Colvin would return, time and again, to the hot spots of Iraq, Libya, Egypt, Tunisia and Syria where she was killed Feb. 22, 2012, by a Syrian army mortar in Homs. She was just 56.
The movie gets rolling shortly after 9/11 and the U.S. invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, taking us through the final 10 years of her life. In addition to her war reporting, Heineman explores Colvin’s personal life, particularly her penchant for parties, lovers (Stanley Tucci, Greg Wise), vodka martinis and cigarettes. Colvin works hard and plays hard. Pike’s gripping, vanity-free performance probably would have made Colvin proud. The actress seamlessly oscillates between the two sides of Colvin — the tough reporter and the vulnerable woman who weeps when she looks in the mirror, unable to reconcile all her demons. Not many could. Heineman also smartly sprinkles Colvin’s own voice from a past interview throughout the movie. In voiceover, the real Colvin recounts her legendary career to “make their suffering part of the record.” Her most haunting revelation is about fear, which she faces down because she “cares enough to go to war.”
The film also benefits from a solid supporting cast. Jamie Dornan plays freelance photographer, Paul Conroy, who was injured in the Homs bombing. Tom Hollander is Colvin’s well-intentioned editor, Sean Ryan. Faye Marsay is Kate Richardson, a cub reporter on the foreign desk who Colvin mentors. Nikki Amuka-Bird is Colvin’s best friend, suggesting she seek treatment for her PTSD. If there is a quibble with the film, it’s that none of these characters are on screen long enough to fully register, except Dornan who, free of the restraints of playing Christian Grey in “Fifty Shades of Grey,” turns in solid work as Colvin’s confidante. It speaks to their unforced chemistry and acting chops that the two most riveting scenes in “A Private War” don’t take place on the battlefield. These quieter moments exposing her vulnerability — and his admiration - happen in rehab and a hotel bathroom.
Heineman, working from a script by Arash Amel, adapting Marie Brenner’s Vanity Fair article, consistently keeps you on edge. Whether his camera is following Colvin and Conroy, as they find a mass grave of hundreds of Saddam Hussein’s victims, or talking their way through a military checkpoint, or Colvin’s attempts to dictate a story from a hospital bed, the mood is frenzied and harrowing. This isn’t one of those “if it bleeds, it leads” journalism movies.
Even though we know how Colvin’s story ends, you still can’t help but scream inside your head: “No, don’t go!” That’s how absorbing “A Private War” becomes. That’s a credit to Heineman and Pike, who’s never been more tenacious, showing that journalists are certainly not the enemy of the people.
— Dana Barbuto may be reached at dbarbuto@patriotledger.com or follow her on Twitter @dbarbuto_Ledger.
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Studio Views
Thomas Lail exhibits in the United States and internationally and is represented by One Mile Gallery. Lail performs and records with experimental duo soundBarn and the multi-member Location Ensemble. He has published numerous reviews and essays including two catalogue essays on the work of Robert Longo and publishes poetry and experimental writing through soundBarn Press. Since 1993, Thomas Lail has taught drawing and painting at Hudson Valley Community College, SUNY in Troy, NY where he is Professor of Fine Arts and a recipient of both the President's Award and the State University of New York Chancellor's Award. He is a past recipient of numerous New York State Foundation for the Arts Special Opportunity Stipend awards as well as a Fulbright-Hays award from the United States Department of State. A native of Upstate New York, Lail grew up across the street from a geodesic dome- perhaps foreshadowing his current interest in Utopian dreams. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s Lail was involved in the Greenpoint/Williamsburg art scene and served on the board for Goliath art space. From 1991 to 1994 he co-published Soup Magazine. Thomas Lail now lives and works in a bricolage former-tractor barn on what was once Heald Orchards in Kinderhook, NY with artist Tara Fracalossi and their son, Coltrane.
About the work:
Thomas Lail’s large-scale xerographic and silkscreen paintings, drawings, and sculpture examine our persistent strivings and ideological failings in pursuit of a better world. Lail’s works reference fragments of images of idealized communities, protests, Edenic floral patterns, flags and maps often reproduced to degraded obscurity. Lail's images suggest both the fleeting physical presence and philosophical space of such structures-- their once-dreamed-future and the tumultuous moments that give rise to such dreams.
Works available through One Mile Gallery
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Home Life Style With Childish Gambino, the Grammy sacrent the artist the most versatile of...
With Childish Gambino, the Grammy sacrent the artist the most versatile of his generation
lefi
it is known under the name of Childish Gambino, mcDJ, or by his real name Donald Glover, the artist of 35 years juggles easily with her hats rapper, singer, DJ, actor, screenwriter, film director and dancer for years. In 2017 already, it was ranked by the magazine Time in its annual list of most influential people in the world. “It embodies this idea of his generation who said that we can do what we want, and change what you want, all the time” comment, then the actress Tina Fey, his mentor since its inception. Sunday night, he has once again marked the spirits by winning four awards at the ceremony of Grammy Awards for his title This is America .
” READ ALSO – The Grammy Awards, 2019 crown Lady Gaga, Childish Gambino, and Kacey Musgraves
● music-beyond the codes In 2013, Childish Gambino wrote a script of 75 pages to accompany his album “Because the Internet”. ANGELA WEISS/AFP
Donald McKingley Glover Jr. has met with success in the music industry under the name of Childish Gambino in 2010 with his EP I Am Just a Rapper , but he had already started composing years ago under the name of mcDJ. In 2002, he produced his first mixtape, The Younger I get , while he was still studying at the university. However, in an interview with Spin in 2011, the rapper denies categorically and completely the project, that it deems worthy of a “Drake decrepit”. A desire to be freed of the dictates of the music industry, it illustrates again in 2013, when he made the choice to write a script of 75 pages to accompany his album Because the Internet , and the launch of a new way to consume music.
● for the comedy
At the university, Donald Glover is quickly noticed by his peers for his talents in writing, which will be considered as quickly as a future is certain for the young man in the comedy. To reason, since it is spotted in 2006 by the actress Tina Fey while he was still a student, who recruited him into his team of screenwriters for 30 Rock , a series of satirical inspired by her experience at the show Saturday Night Live . But it is above all for his role in the series Community that it is identify to the general public. Subsequently, he decides to write and perform his own comedy, Atlanta , which focuses on two cousins who are trying to break into the middle of the rap in Atlanta. The series won two trophies at the Emy Awards and two Golden Globes in 2017, in the categories of best actor in a comedy series and best directing for a comedy series, which reinforces a little more the growing reputation of the artist.
● Childish Gambino for the win
Appointed twice to the Grammy Awards in 2015, in the category of best rap album for Because the Internet , and the best performance rap to his song 3005 , Childish Gambino leaves empty-handed. Three years later, the appointments are doubled: Awaken, My Love! competing for the prize of album of the year and best urban album contemporary while its title Redbone is trying on the side of the record of the year, best R&B song and the best performance R&B. He will not die in this last category. During the press conference, he confirmed his desire to finish with his alter ego music, despite the success that he has harvested. “I like the endings, I think they are important to progress. […] It forces things to become better.”
” READ ALSO – The surprise of Michelle Obama, the boycott of Childish Gambino… the moments of the Grammy Awards
The recognition of the Recording Academy comes to him, especially this year, when he marks the history of the ceremony of the Grammy awards by winning the award of the record of the year and song of the year for his song, rap, This is America , despite the accusations of plagiarism that are aimed. This is the first double major award for the genre of music, usually shunned by the voters. He also won with this title rewards the best performance/rap song and best video clip. A success all the more remarkable that Childish Gambino has refused to produce on the stage of the Staples Center in Los Angeles, where took place the ceremony, and even attend. A choice still unexplained, but which was felt throughout the evening, including the commercial break: viewers were able to discover the teaser of a title unheard of the singer, which will be included in his next album, announced as its last.
● another career on the big screen In “Solo: A Star Wars Story, Donald Glover embodies the young Lando Calrissian. Lucasfilm Ltd.
his success on the small screen, Donald Glover learns enough to begin the conquest of the cinema. It appears in various films, like the blockbuster Alone on Mars (2015) with Matt Damon, or Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) with Tom Holland. It must, moreover, his cameo in this last campaign he had undertaken to interpret the hero Peter Parker in the Sony version. At the time of the reboot with Tom Holland, the director Jon Watts has demanded the possibility of him creating a small role in as a wink to the fans disappointed by the decision of Sony.
” READ ALSO – Solo: A Star Wars Story, a fast-paced western galactic
The following year, he landed the role of the young Lando Calrissian in the spin-off of the franchise, Star Wars centered on the character of Han Solo. And in 2019, he will be the poster of one of the many Disney movies expected at the turn. Glover will double the voice of Simba as an adult, in the adaptation live action of the Lion King . There will be accompanied by, among others, Beyoncé and Chiwetel Ejiofor.
“The Lion King” : check out the first trailer for the movie event of Disney – Watching on Figaro Live
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Jakob Fugger, German Banker
Jakob Fugger of the Lily also known as Jakob Fugger the Rich or sometimes Jakob II. Fugger was a major merchant, mining entrepreneur and banker of Europe between ca. 1495-1525. He was a descendant of the Fugger merchant family located in th...
Bartholomeus Welser, German Banker
Prince Bartholomeus Welser was a German banker. He was the head of the banking firm of Welser Brothers, who claimed descent from the Byzantine general Belisarius. They possessed great riches, and Bartholomeus was created a prince of the emp...
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Grigory Stroganov, Largest Russian Landowner
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John Law, The Mississippi Bubble, 1720
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Thomas Twining, Founder Twinings Tea
Thomas Twining was an English merchant, and the founder of Twinings of London. The son of a fuller who moved to London when the boy was nine years old, Thomas was at first apprenticed to a weaver. He changed careers, however, and worked for...
Matthew Boulton, English Manufacturer
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Mayer Amschel Rothschild, Banker
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Sir Arthur Guinness
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Du Pont, Founder DuPont Company - 1802
Among the young men whom Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier deeply influenced was Eleuthère Irénée du Pont (1771–1834), the founder of the DuPont Company. His father, Pierre Samuel du Pont—an economist, government official, and publicist—was among t...
Gregor MacGregor, Prince of Poyais
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Samuel Cunard, Shipping Magnate
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William George Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong CB, FRS was an effective Tyneside industrialist who founded the Armstrong Whitworth manufacturing empire. Armstrong was responsible for developing the hydraulic accumulator. Where water press...
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PHOTOS: Take a look inside Meghan Markle's $1.8M home for sale in Los Angeles
TopTenRealEstateDeals.com
When Meghan Markle, now Duchess of Sussex and a princess of the United Kingdom, first got her acting part in Suits in 2011, she was married to Trevor Engelson and they rented this charming Colonial-style home in L.A.’s Hancock Park neighborhood - a stone’s throw from downtown Hollywood. Though it was necessary for her to live nine months of the year in Toronto while filming, this is where she would return between filming and where she called home until her divorce in 2013. It has recently been put on the market staged in pure Meghan style, almost as if she had just stepped out for a quick trip to the grocery. It is now for sale priced at $1.8 million.
Filled with sunlight bouncing off of white walls and bright minimalist decor, the 1924 Colonial measures 2,262-square-feet with four bedrooms, three baths, family room, living room with fireplace and dining area, all on an open plan. The eat-in kitchen is also filled with natural light and white cabinets are covered with marble countertops. The dining room opens onto a patio for entertaining and there is a two-car garage with additional parking.
Although romantics love to believe that Markle’s marriage to Prince Harry was a real life Cinderella story, she had been starring in Suits for six years and was paid, at what Fortune estimates, $450,000 per show. In addition, her two clothing lines were popular, selling out quickly and her fashion-lifestyle blog was also pulling in about $80,000 annually. Not one to sit back and waste time, she had a number of small acting roles in between and made about $200,000 for each of her minor film roles. By the time Markle became engaged to Prince Harry, her estimated wealth was already hovering at $5 million.
Although Markle was divorced from Engelson in 2013 and married Prince Harry in 2018, with whom she now has a child, it is rumored that the Sussexes may be looking for a second home in California where Megan’s mother still lives. But would they be interested in this home? Not likely, as times and fortunes have changed and security needs have changed, but for Megan followers who themselves have big dreams, it is the perfect house. Now for sale at $1.8 million, the listing agent is Sheri Bienstock of The Bienstock Group, Los Angeles.
Photo credit: The Bienstock Group
Source: thebienstockgroup.com
This story originally appeared on TopTenRealEstateDeals.com
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Back Packers
Town Activity
Kyabram
Highest court in Australia
The High Court of Australia is the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal.[1] It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the states and territories, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia and thereby shape the development of federalism in Australia.
The High Court is mandated by section 71 of the Australian Constitution, which vests in it the judicial power of the Commonwealth of Australia. The court was constituted by, and its first members were appointed under, the Judiciary Act 1903. It now operates under sections 71 to 75 of the constitution, the Judiciary Act,[2] and the High Court of Australia Act 1979.[3] It is composed of seven justices: the Chief Justice of Australia, currently Susan Kiefel AC, and six other justices. They are formally appointed by the Governor-General of Australia on the advice of the federal government and under the constitution must retire at age 70.
The High Court has had a permanent home in Canberra since 1980. The majority of its sittings are held in the heritage-registered High Court building, located in the Parliamentary Triangle overlooking Lake Burley Griffin.[4] With increasing utilisation of video links, sittings are also often held in the state capitals.
The High Court exercises both original jurisdiction (cases that originate in the High Court) and appellate jurisdiction (appeals made to the High Court from other courts). The High Court is the court of final appeal with the ability to interpret the common law for the whole of Australia, not just the state or territory in which the matter arose. The High Court's broad jurisdiction is similar to that of the Supreme Court of Canada and unlike the Supreme Court of the United States which has a more limited jurisdiction. As such, the court is able to develop the common law consistently across all the states and territories. This role, alongside its role in constitutional interpretation, is one of the court's most significant. As Sir Owen Dixon said on his swearing in as Chief Justice of Australia:
"The High Court's jurisdiction is divided in its exercise between constitutional and federal cases which loom so largely in the public eye, and the great body of litigation between man and man, or even man and government, which has nothing to do with the Constitution, and which is the principal preoccupation of the court."[5]
This broad array of jurisdiction enables the High Court to take a leading role in Australian law and contributes to consistency and uniformity among the laws of the different states.[6]
Original jurisdiction
The original jurisdiction of the High Court refers to matters that are originally heard in the High Court. The Australian Constitution confers actual (section 75) and potential (section 76) original jurisdiction.
Section 75 of the constitution confers original jurisdiction in regard to "all matters":
arising under any treaty
affecting consuls or other representatives of other countries
in which the Commonwealth, or a person suing or being sued on behalf of the Commonwealth, is a party
between States, or between residents of different States, or between a State and a resident of another State
in which a writ of mandamus or prohibition or an injunction is sought against an officer of the Commonwealth.
The conferral of original jurisdiction creates some problems for the High Court. For example, challenges against immigration-related decisions are often brought against an officer of the Commonwealth within the original jurisdiction of the High Court.
Section 76 provides that Parliament may confer original jurisdiction in relation to matters:
arising under the constitution or involving its interpretation
arising under any laws made by the Parliament
of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction
relating to the same subject matter claimed under the laws of different states.
Constitutional matters, referred to in section 76(i), have been conferred to the High Court by section 30 of the Judiciary Act 1903.[2] However, the inclusion of constitutional matters in section 76, rather than section 75, means that the High Court's original jurisdiction regarding constitutional matters could be removed. In practice, section 75(iii) (suing the Commonwealth) and section 75(iv) (conflicts between states) are broad enough that many constitutional matters would still be within jurisdiction. The original constitutional jurisdiction of the High Court is now well established: the Australian Law Reform Commission has described the inclusion of constitutional matters in section 76 rather than section 75 as "an odd fact of history."[7] The 1998 Constitutional Convention recommended an amendment to the constitution to prevent the possibility of the jurisdiction being removed by Parliament. Failure to proceed on this issue suggests that it was considered highly unlikely that Parliament would ever take this step.
The requirement of "a matter" in section 75 and section 76 of the constitution means that a concrete issue must need to be resolved and the High Court cannot give an advisory opinion.[8]
Appellate jurisdiction
Australian court hierarchy
Federal Law Courts
Commonwealth courts and tribunals
Courts of Australian states and territories
New South Wales courts
Victorian courts
Queensland courts
Western Australian courts
South Australian courts
Tasmanian courts
Australian Capital Territory courts
Northern Territory courts
Norfolk Island courts
The High Court's appellate jurisdiction is defined under section 73 of the Constitution. The High Court can hear appeals from the supreme courts of the states and territories, any federal court or court exercising federal jurisdiction (such as the Federal Court of Australia, the Federal Circuit Court of Australia, or other federal courts), and decisions made by one or more justices exercising the original jurisdiction of the court.
However, section 73 allows the appellate jurisdiction to be limited "with such exceptions and subject to such regulations as the Parliament prescribes". Parliament has prescribed a large limitation in section 35A of the Judiciary Act 1903. This requires "special leave" to appeal. Special leave is granted only where a question of law is raised that is of public importance, or involves a conflict between courts; or "is in the interests of the administration of justice". Therefore, while the High Court is the final court of appeal, it cannot be considered a general court of appeal. The decision as to whether to grant special leave to appeal is determined by one or more Justices of the High Court (in practice, a panel of two or three judges). That is, the Court exercises the power to decide which appeal cases it will consider.[9]
Appeals to the Privy Council
The issue of appeals from the High Court to the United Kingdom's Judicial Committee of the Privy Council was a significant one during the drafting of the Constitution and it continued to be significant in the years after the court's creation. The wording of section 74 of the constitution that was put to voters in the various colonies was that there was to be no appeal to the Privy Council in any matter involving the interpretation of the Constitution or of the Constitution of a State unless it involved the interests of some other dominion.[10]
Section 74 of the Constitution, as enacted by the Imperial Parliament,[11] prohibited appeals on constitutional matters involving disputes about the limits inter se of Commonwealth or state powers, except where the High Court certified it was appropriate for the appeal to be determined by the Privy Council. It did so only once: in the 1912 case of Colonial Sugar Refining Co Ltd v Attorney-General (Cth) when the Court was equally divided.[12] After that case, in which the Privy Council refused to answer the constitutional questions put to it, the High Court never certified another inter se appeal.[13] Indeed, in the case of Kirmani v Captain Cook Cruises Pty Ltd (1985), the court said that it would never again grant a certificate of appeal.[14]
In general matters, however, section 74 did not prevent the Privy Council from granting leave to appeal against the High Court's wishes and the Council did so often. In some cases the Council acknowledged that the Australian common law had developed differently from English law and thus did not apply its own principles (for example, in Australian Consolidated Press Ltd v Uren (1967),[15] or in Viro v The Queen (1978)),[16] by using a legal fiction that stated that different common law can apply to different circumstances.[17] However, in other cases, the Privy Council enforced English decisions, over-ruling decisions by the High Court. In Parker v The Queen[18] (1963), Chief Justice Sir Owen Dixon led a unanimous judgment that rejected a precedent of the House of Lords in DPP v Smith saying, "I shall not depart from the law on this matter as we have long since laid it down in this Court and I think that Smith's case should not be used in Australia as authority at all".[18] The following year the Privy Council upheld an appeal, applying the House of Lords precedent.[19]
Section 74 did provide that the parliament could make laws to prevent appeals to the Privy Council and it did so, beginning in 1968, with the Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) Act 1968, which closed off all appeals to the Privy Council in matters involving federal legislation.[20] In 1975, the Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act 1975 was passed, which had the effect of closing all routes of appeal from the High Court.[21] Appeals from the High Court to the Privy Council are now only theoretically possible in inter se matters if the High Court grants a certificate of appeal under section 74 of the Constitution. As noted above, the High Court indicated in 1985 it would not grant such a certificate in the future. In 1986, with the passing of the Australia Act by both the UK Parliament[22] and the Parliament of Australia (with the request and consent of the Australian States),[23] appeals to the Privy Council from state Supreme Courts were closed off, leaving the High Court as the only avenue of appeal. In 2002, Chief Justice Murray Gleeson said that the "combined effect" of the legislation and the announcement in Kirmani "has been that s 74 has become a dead letter, and what remains of s 74 after the legislation limiting appeals to the Privy Council will have no further effect".[24]
Thirteen High Court judges have heard cases as part of the Privy Council. Sir Isaac Isaacs is the only judge to have sat on an appeal from the High Court, in 1936 after his retirement as Governor-General.[25] Sir Garfield Barwick insisted on an amendment to Privy Council procedure to allow dissent;[26] however he exercised that only once.[27] The appeals mostly related to decisions from other Commonwealth countries, although they occasionally included appeals from a State Supreme Court.[28][29][30][31]
Sir Samuel Griffith[28]
Sir Edmund Barton[32]
Sir Adrian Knox[29]
Sir Isaac Isaacs[25]
Sir George Rich[33]
Sir Garfield Barwick[30]
Sir Douglas Menzies[34]
Sir Alan Taylor[35]
Sir Frank Kitto[36]
Sir Edward McTiernan[37]
Sir Victor Windeyer[38]
Sir Harry Gibbs[31]
Sir Ninian Stephen [39]
Appellate jurisdiction for Nauru
As per an agreement between Nauru and Australia signed on 6 September 1976, in application of article 57 of the Constitution of Nauru, the High Court of Australia became the ultimate court of appeal for the sovereign Republic of Nauru, formerly an Australian League of Nations mandate. The High Court was empowered to hear appeals from the Supreme Court of Nauru in both criminal and civil cases, with certain exceptions; in particular, no case pertaining to the Constitution of Nauru could be decided by the Australian court.[40] There were a total of five appeals to the High Court under this agreement in the first 40 years of its operation. In 2017, however, this jumped to 13 appeals, most relating to asylum seekers.[41] Some legal commentators (including the Australian Law Reform Commission[42]) have argued that this appellate jurisdiction sits awkwardly with the High Court's other responsibilities and should be renegotiated or repealed.[43] Problems identified including the need to apply Nauruan law and customary practice and that the High Court need not grant leave for an appeal to be heard.[41]
Matthew Batsiua, a former Justice Minister of Nauru, has suggested that the Nauruan government was unhappy with the arrangement following an October 2017 decision from the High Court.[44] Following a protest in May 2015 outside the Nauruan parliament, 19 people were charged with unlawful assembly and other civil offences. The Supreme Court of Nauru subsequently increased the sentences imposed by the District Court, leading to an appeal in which the High Court quashed the decision.[41][45] The case was remitted to the Supreme Court "differently constituted, for hearing according to law."[45]
On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Nauru's independence, President Baron Waqa declared to parliament that "[s]everance of ties to Australia’s highest court is a logical step towards full nationhood and an expression of confidence in Nauru’s ability to determine its own destiny."[41] Nauruan Justice Minister David Adeang cited the cost of appeals to the High Court as another reason for Nauru to establish its own as the country's highest court.[46] Under the agreement, the government of either country could end the arrangement with 90 days notice. Nauru unilaterally exercised that option on 12 December 2017 and the High Court's jurisdiction ended on 12 March 2018.[44][47] However, the termination of the arrangement did not become known until after the Supreme Court had reheard the case of the protesters and again imposed increased sentences. With the new Court of Appeals not yet established, the defendants are left with no avenue of appeal, a situation criticised as deeply unfair.[47]
The genesis of the court can be traced back to the middle of the 19th century. Before the establishment of the High Court, appeals from the colonial supreme courts could be made only to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, which involved the great expense of travelling to London. For this reason some politicians in the colonies wanted a new court that could travel between the colonies hearing appeals.
Following Earl Grey's 1846 proposal for federation of the Australian colonies, an 1849 report from the Privy Council of the United Kingdom suggested that a national court be created.[48] In 1856, the then Governor of South Australia, Richard Graves MacDonnell, suggested to the Government of South Australia that they and the other colonies should consider establishing a court of appeal that would hear appeals from the Supreme Courts in each colony, and in 1860 the Parliament of South Australia passed legislation encouraging MacDonnell to put forward the idea to his colleagues in the other colonies. However, only the Government of Victoria seriously considered this proposal.[49]
At an inter-colonial conference in 1870 in Melbourne, the idea of an inter-colonial court was again raised and subsequently a Royal Commission was established in Victoria to investigate options for establishing a court of appeal and for unifying extradition laws between the colonies and other similar matters. A draft bill establishing a court was put forward by the Commission, but it completely excluded appeals to the Privy Council, which reacted critically and prevented any serious attempts to implement the bill in London (before federation, any laws affecting all the colonies would have to be passed by the British Imperial Parliament in London).[49]
In 1880 another inter-colonial conference was convened, which proposed the establishment of an Australasian Court of Appeal. This conference was more firmly focussed on having an Australian court. Another draft bill was produced, providing that judges from the colonial Supreme Courts would serve one-year terms on the new court, with one judge from each colony at a given time. New Zealand, which was at the time also considering joining the Australian colonies in federation, was also to be a participant in the new court.[49] However, the proposal retained appeals from colonial Supreme Courts to the Privy Council, which some of the colonies disputed, and the bill was eventually abandoned.
Constitutional conventions
Sir Samuel Griffith, first Chief Justice of Australia
The Constitutional Conventions of the 1890s, which met to draft an Australian Constitution, also raised the idea of a federal Supreme Court. Initial proposals at a conference in Melbourne in February 1890 led to a convention in Sydney in March and April 1891, which produced a draft constitution. The draft included the creation of a Supreme Court of Australia, which would not only interpret the Constitution, like the United States Supreme Court, but also would be a court of appeal from the state Supreme Courts. The draft effectively removed appeals to the Privy Council, allowing them only if the British monarch gave leave to appeal and not allowing appeals at all in constitutional matters.
This draft was largely the work of Sir Samuel Griffith,[13] then the Premier of Queensland, later Chief Justice of Queensland and the first Chief Justice of Australia. Other significant contributors to the judicial clauses in the draft included Attorney-General of Tasmania Andrew Inglis Clark, who had prepared his own constitution prior to the convention. Inglis Clark's most significant contribution was to give the court its own constitutional authority, ensuring the separation of powers; the original formulation from Griffith, Edmund Barton and Charles Kingston provided only that the parliament could establish a court.[48]
Andrew Inglis Clark, prominent contributor to the clauses about the High Court in the Constitution of Australia.
At the later conventions, in Adelaide in 1897, in Sydney later the same year and in Melbourne in early 1898, there were changes to the earlier draft. In Adelaide, the name of the court was changed from Supreme Court of Australia to High Court of Australia. Many people also opposed the new court completely replacing the Privy Council: many large businesses, particularly those which were subsidiaries of British companies or regularly traded with the United Kingdom, preferred for business reasons to keep the colonies under the unified jurisdiction of the British courts, and petitioned the conventions to that effect.[13] Other arguments posited against removing Privy Council appeals were that Australian judges were of a poorer quality than English ones, and that without the Council's oversight, the law in the colonies risked becoming different from English law.[48] Some politicians, such as Sir George Dibbs, supported the petitioners, but others, including Alfred Deakin, supported the design of the court as it was.[13] Inglis Clark took the view that the possibility of divergence was a good thing, for the law could adapt appropriately to Australian circumstances.[48] Despite the debate, the portions of the draft dealing with the court remained largely unchanged, as the delegates focused on different matters.
After the draft had been approved by the electors of the colonies, it was taken to London in 1899, for the assent of the British Imperial Parliament. However the issue of Privy Council appeals remained a sticking point with a number of Australian and British politicians, including the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain, the Chief Justice of South Australia, Sir Samuel Way, and the Chief Justice of Queensland, Sir Samuel Griffith.[17] Indeed, in October 1899, Griffith made representations to Chamberlain soliciting suggestions from British ministers for alterations to the draft, and offering some alterations of his own.[17] Indeed, such was the effect of these and other representations that Chamberlain called for delegates from the colonies to come to London to assist with the approval process, with a view to their approving any alterations that the British government might see fit to make; delegates were sent, including Deakin, Barton and Charles Kingston, although they were under instructions that they would never agree to changes.[17]
After intense lobbying both in Australia and in the United Kingdom, the Imperial Parliament finally approved the draft constitution, albeit with an altered section 74, which represented a compromise between the two sides: there would be a general right of appeal from the High Court to the Privy Council, except that the Parliament of Australia would be able to make laws restricting this avenue, and also that appeals in inter se matters (matters concerning the boundary between and limits of the powers of the Commonwealth and the powers of the states) were not as of right, but had to be certified by the High Court.[17]
Formation of the court
The first Chief Justice of Australia, Sir Samuel Griffith, is administered the judicial oath at the first sitting of the High Court, in the Banco Court of the Supreme Court of Victoria, 6 October 1903.
The Constitution was passed by the Imperial Parliament, and came into effect on 1 January 1901. However, the High Court was not established immediately; it was necessary for the new Parliament of Australia to make laws about the structure and procedure of the court. Some of the members of the First Parliament, including Sir John Quick, then one of the leading legal experts in Australia, opposed legislation to set up the court. Even H. B. Higgins, who was himself later appointed to the court, objected to setting it up, on the grounds that it would be impotent while Privy Council appeals remained, and that in any event there was not enough work for a federal court to make it viable.[13]
In 1902, the then Attorney-General Alfred Deakin introduced the Judiciary Bill 1902 in the House of Representatives. Although Deakin and Griffith had produced a draft bill as early as February 1901, it was continually delayed by opponents in the parliament, and the success of the bill is generally attributed to Deakin's passion and effort in pushing the bill through the parliament despite this opposition.[48] Deakin had proposed that the court be composed of five judges, specially selected to the court; opponents instead proposed that the court should be made up of state Supreme Court justices, taking turns to sit on the High Court on a rotation basis, as had been mooted at the Constitutional Conventions a decade before.[50] Deakin eventually negotiated amendments with the opposition, reducing the number of judges from five to three, and eliminating financial benefits such as pensions.
At one point, Deakin even threatened to resign as Attorney-General due to the difficulties he faced.[48] In what is now a famous speech, Deakin gave a second reading to the House of Representatives, lasting three and a half hours, in which he declared:
"The federation is constituted by distribution of powers, and it is this court which decides the orbit and boundary of every power... It is properly termed the keystone of the federal arch... The statute stands and will stand on the statute-book just as in the hour in which it was assented to. But the nation lives, grows and expands. Its circumstances change, its needs alter, and its problems present themselves with new faces. [The High Court] enables the Constitution to grow and be adapted to the changeful necessities and circumstances of generation after generation that the High Court operates."[51]
Deakin's friend, painter Tom Roberts, who viewed the speech from the public gallery, declared it Deakin's "magnum opus".[48] The Judiciary Act 1903 was finally passed on 25 August 1903, and the first three justices, Chief Justice Sir Samuel Griffith and Justices Sir Edmund Barton and Richard O'Connor were appointed on 5 October of that year. On 6 October, the court held its first sitting in the Banco Court in the Supreme Court of Victoria.
On 12 October 1906, the size of the High Court was increased to five Justices, and Deakin appointed H. B. Higgins and Isaac Isaacs to the High Court. In February 1913, the High Court was increased again, with the addition of two justices, bringing the total to seven. Charles Powers and Albert Bathurst Piddington were appointed. The outcry against their appointments was so great, however, that Justice Piddington resigned on 5 April 1913 without having taken up his seat.[52]
First years of the court
The court's home between 1928 and 1980, the purpose-built courtroom in Little Bourke Street, Melbourne.
After the court's first sitting in the Banco Court in Melbourne, the court continued to use that court until 1928, when a dedicated courtroom was built in Little Bourke Street, next to the Supreme Court of Victoria, which provided the court's Melbourne sitting place and housed the court's principal registry until 1980.[53] The court also sat regularly in Sydney, where it originally shared space in the Criminal Courts in the suburb of Darlinghurst, before a dedicated courtroom was constructed next door in 1923.[54]
The annexe to the Criminal Court in Darlinghurst, the court's home in Sydney.
The court travelled to other cities across the country, where it did not have any facilities of its own but used facilities of the Supreme Court in each city. Deakin had envisaged that the court would sit in many different locations, so as to truly be a federal court. Shortly after the court's creation, Chief Justice Griffith established a schedule for sittings in state capitals: Hobart, Tasmania in February, Brisbane, Queensland in June, Perth, Western Australia in September and Adelaide, South Australia in October; it is said that Griffith established this schedule because those were the times of year he found the weather most pleasant in each city. The tradition remains to this day, although most of the court's sittings are now conducted in Canberra.
Sittings were dependent on the caseload and to this day sittings in Hobart occur only once every few years. There are annual sittings in Perth, Adelaide and Brisbane for up to a week each. During the Great Depression, sittings outside of Melbourne and Sydney were suspended to reduce costs.
During World War II, the court faced a period of change. The Chief Justice, Sir John Latham, served from 1940 to 1941 as Australia's first ambassador to Japan, although his activities in this role were limited by the mutual assistance pact that Japan had entered into with the Axis powers before he could arrive in Tokyo, and were curtailed by the commencement of the Pacific War.[55] Justice Sir Owen Dixon was also absent for several years, while he served as Australia's minister to the United States in Washington.[56] Sir George Rich was Acting Chief Justice in Latham's absence. There were many difficult cases concerning the federal government's use of the defence power during the war.
From 1952, with the appointment of Sir Owen Dixon as Chief Justice, the court entered a period of stability. After World War II, the court's workload continued to grow, particularly from the 1960s onwards, putting pressures on the court.[57] Sir Garfield Barwick, who was Attorney-General from 1958 to 1964, and from then until 1981 Chief Justice, proposed that more federal courts be established, as permitted under the Constitution. In 1976 the Federal Court of Australia was established, with a general federal jurisdiction, and in more recent years the Family Court and Federal Magistrates Court have been set up to reduce the court's workload in specific areas.
In 1968, appeals to the Privy Council in matters involving federal legislation were barred by the Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) Act 1968. In 1975, the Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act 1975 closed all routes of appeal from the High Court. In 1986, with the passing of the Australia Act by both the UK Parliament and the Parliament of Australia (with the request and consent of the Australian States), direct appeals to the Privy Council from state Supreme Courts were also closed off, leaving the High Court as the only avenue of appeal.
The life tenure of High Court Justices was ended in 1977. A national referendum in May 1977 approved the Constitution Alteration (Retirement of Judges) Act (Cth), which upon its commencement on 29 July 1977 amended section 72 of the Constitution so as require that all Justices appointed from then on must retire on attaining the age of 70 years.[58][59]
The High Court of Australia Act 1979 (Cth), which commenced on 21 April 1980, gave the High Court power to administer its own affairs and prescribed the qualifications for, and method of appointment of, its Justices.[58][3]
The legal history of the court is commonly discussed with reference to the Chief Justice of the time. While it is a convenient way of breaking the history of the Court into periods, it tends to overstate the importance of the Chief Justice, and ignores the influence and tenure of other members of the Court; as well as other social factors. For example, Isaacs J was the primary force in the Knox Court, while his own tenure as Chief Justice saw Dixon J emerge as the Court's leading jurist.[60]
Griffith court
Sir Isaac Isaacs, Justice from 1906 and Chief Justice from 1930–1931
As the first High Court, the court under Chief Justice Sir Samuel Griffith had to establish its position as a new court of appeal for the whole of Australia and had to develop a new body of principle for interpreting the Constitution of Australia and federal legislation. Griffith himself was very much the dominant influence on the court in its early years, but after the appointment of Sir Isaac Isaacs and H. B. Higgins in 1906, and the death of foundation Justice Richard O'Connor, Griffith's influence began to decline.[61]
The court was keen to establish its position at the top of the Australian court hierarchy. In Deakin v Webb (1904)[62] Griffith criticised the Supreme Court of Victoria for following a Privy Council decision about the Constitution of Canada, rather than following the High Court's own decision on the Australian Constitution.[49]
In Australian constitutional law, the early decisions of the court were influenced by United States constitutional law. In the case of D'Emden v Pedder (1904),[63] which involved the application of Tasmanian stamp duty to a federal official's salary, the court adopted the doctrine of implied immunity of instrumentalities which had been established in the United States Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1803).[64] That doctrine established that any attempt by the federal government to interfere with the legislative or executive power of the Australian states was invalid, and vice versa. Accompanying that doctrine was the doctrine of reserved State powers, which was based on the principle that the powers of the Australian parliament should be interpreted narrowly, to avoid intruding on areas of power traditionally exercised by the state parliaments. The concept was developed in such cases as Peterswald v Bartley (1904),[65] R v Barger (1908)[66] and the Union Label case (1908).[67]
Together the two doctrines helped smooth the transition to a federal system of government and "by preserving a balance between the constituent elements of the Australian federation, probably conformed to community sentiment, which at that stage was by no means adjusted to the exercise of central power."[61] The court had a generally conservative view of the Constitution, taking narrow interpretations of section 116 (which guarantees religious freedom) and section 117 (which prevents discrimination on the basis of someone's state of origin), interpretations that were to last well into the 1980s.[61]
Two of the original judges of the Court, Griffith and Sir Edmund Barton, were frequently consulted by governors-general, including on the exercise of the reserve powers.[68] This practice of consultation has continued from time to time since.
Knox, Isaacs and Gavan Duffy courts
Adrian Knox became Chief Justice on 18 October 1919 and less than three months later, foundation Justice Sir Edmund Barton died, leaving no original members. The most significant case of the era was the Engineers case (1920),[69] decided at the beginning of Knox's term. In that case, the doctrines of reserved State powers and implied immunity of instrumentalities were both overturned, and the court entered a new era of constitutional interpretation in which the focus would fall almost exclusively on the text of the Constitution, and in which the powers of the Australian parliament would gain increasing importance.
Knox was knighted in 1921, the only Chief Justice to be knighted during his term. Some of the Knox court's early work related to the aftermath of World War I. In Roche v Kronheimer (1921),[70] the Court upheld federal legislation which allowed for the making of regulations to implement Australia's obligations under the Treaty of Versailles. The majority decided the case on the defence power, but Higgins decided it on the external affairs power, the first case to decide that the external affairs power could be used to implement an international treaty in Australia.
Sir Isaac Isaacs was Chief Justice for only forty-two weeks, before leaving the court to be appointed Governor-General of Australia. Isaacs was ill for much of his term as Chief Justice and few significant cases were decided under his formal leadership; rather, his best years were under Knox, where he was the most senior Justice and led the court in many decisions.[71]
Sir Frank Gavan Duffy was Chief Justice for four years beginning in 1931, although he was already 78 when appointed to the position and did not exert much influence, given that (excluding single-Justice cases) he participated in only 40 per cent of cases in that time, and regularly gave short judgments or joint judgments with other Justices.[72] In the context of the Great Depression, the court was reduced to six Justices, resulting in many tied decisions which have no lasting value as precedent.
During this time, the court did decide several important cases, including (1932),[73] which considered Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang's attempt to abolish the New South Wales Legislative Council, and the (1932),[74] which upheld federal legislation compelling the Lang government to repay its loans. Much of the court's other work related to legislation passed in response to the Depression.
Latham court
John Latham, before his appointment to the court, as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for External Affairs in the Lyons government.
The court under Chief Justice Sir John Latham, who came to the office in 1935, was punctuated by World War II. Although it dealt with cases in other areas, its most important and lasting work related to wartime legislation, and the transition back to peace following the war.[75]
The court upheld much legislation under the defence power, interpreting it broadly wherever there was a connection to defence purposes, in cases such as (1941)[76] and (1944).[77] In general, the Curtin Labor government was rarely successfully challenged, the court recognising the necessity that the defence power permit the federal government to govern strongly. The court also allowed the federal government to institute a national income tax scheme in the First Uniform Tax case (1942),[78] and upheld legislation allowing the proclamation of the pacifist Jehovah's Witnesses religion as a subversive organisation, in the Jehovah's Witnesses case (1943).[79]
The court reined in the wide scope of the defence power after the war, allowing for a transitional period. It struck down several key planks of the Chifley Labor government's reconstruction program, notably an attempt to nationalise the banks in the Bank Nationalisation case (1948),[80] and an attempt to establish a comprehensive medical benefits scheme in the First Pharmaceutical Benefits case (1945).[81] However the court also famously struck down Menzies Liberal government legislation banning the Communist Party of Australia in the Communist Party case (1951),[82] Latham's last major case.
Apart from the wartime cases, the Latham court also developed the criminal defence of honest and reasonable mistake of fact, for example in (1941).[83] It also paved the way for the development of the external affairs power by upholding the implementation of an air navigation treaty in R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry (1936).[84]
Dixon court
The bench in 1952, shortly before Chief Justice Latham's retirement. Back, left to right, Fullagar, Webb, Williams & Kitto. Front, left to right, Dixon, Latham & McTiernan.
Under Chief Justice Sir Owen Dixon, who was elevated to that role in 1952 after 23 years as a Justice, the court enjoyed its most successful period, with British judge, Master of the Rolls Lord Denning, describing the time as the court's "Golden Age".[85] Dixon, widely regarded as Australia's greatest judge,[86] had a commanding personal and legal influence over the court in this time, measurable in the rise in joint judgments (many of which were led by Dixon) and good relations between the Justices.[85]
While there were fewer cases which tested the limits of federal power, probably due to the Menzies government which was firmly entrenched in its conservative phase throughout Dixon's tenure, the court did decide several important constitutional cases. Dixon led the court in firmly establishing the separation of powers for the judiciary in the Boilermakers' case (1956),[87] and the court also upheld the continuing existence of the federal government's income tax scheme in the Second Uniform Tax case (1957).[88]
During Dixon's time as Chief Justice, the court came to adopt several of the views that Dixon had advanced in minority opinions in years prior. In several cases, the court upheld Dixon's interpretation of section 92 (one of the most troublesome sections of the Constitution), which he regarded as guaranteeing a constitutional right to engage in interstate trade, subject to reasonable regulation. It also followed Dixon's interpretation of section 90 (which prohibits the states from exacting duties of excise), although both these interpretations were ultimately abandoned many years later.[85]
Barwick court
Sir Garfield Barwick came to the court as Chief Justice in 1964. A significant decision of the Barwick court marked the beginning of the modern interpretation of the corporations power, which had been interpreted narrowly since 1909. The Concrete Pipes case (1971)[89] established that the federal parliament could exercise the power to regulate at least the trading activities of corporations, whereas earlier interpretations had allowed only the regulation of conduct or transactions with the public.
The court decided many other significant constitutional cases, including the (1975),[90] upholding legislation asserting sovereignty over the territorial sea; the First (1975)[91] and Second (1977)[92] Territory Senators' cases, which concerned whether legislation allowing for the mainland territories to be represented in the Parliament of Australia was valid; and (1976),[93] which concerned the validity of the Family Law Act 1975. The court also decided several cases relating to the historic 1974 joint sitting of the Parliament of Australia, including (1974)[94] and the Petroleum and Minerals Authority case (1975).[95]
The Barwick court decided several infamous cases on tax avoidance and tax evasion, almost always deciding against the taxation office. Led by Barwick himself in most judgments, the court distinguished between avoidance (legitimately minimising one's tax obligations) and evasion (illegally evading obligations). The decisions effectively nullified the anti-avoidance legislation and led to the proliferation of avoidance schemes in the 1970s, a result which drew much criticism upon the court.[96]
Gibbs court
Sir Harry Gibbs was appointed as Chief Justice in 1981. Under his leadership, the court moved away from the legalism and conservative traditions which had characterised the Dixon and Barwick courts.[97]
The Gibbs court made several important decisions in Australian constitutional law. It allowed the Federal Parliament to make very wide use of the external affairs power, by holding that this power could be used to implement treaties into domestic law with very few justiciable limits. In Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen (1982)[98] four judges to three upheld the validity of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975, although no single view had majority support. However, in the Tasmanian Dams case (1983),[99] a majority of the court upheld federal environmental legislation under the power.
The court also adopted a more expansive interpretation of the corporations power. In the (1982),[100] the court upheld regulations which, although they did not directly regulate corporations, indirectly protected corporations. In the Tasmanian Dams case, the court indicated that it would interpret the power to uphold legislation regulating the non-trading activities of corporations, although it did not decide the case on that basis. The external affairs power and the corporations power have both been increasingly relied on by the federal government to extend its authority in recent years.[97]
In administrative law, the court expanded on the doctrines of natural justice and procedural fairness in Kioa v West (1985).[101] Although Gibbs himself dissented on those points, he did decide that executive decision makers were obliged to take humanitarian principles into consideration. Outside of specific areas of law, the court was also involved in several cases of public significance, including the (1984),[102] concerning Lindy Chamberlain, and (1984),[103] concerning the botched ASIS exercise at the Sheraton Hotel in Melbourne.
Mason court
Sir Anthony Mason became Chief Justice in 1987. The Mason court was very stable, with only one change in the bench in its eight years, the appointment of Michael McHugh after Sir Ronald Wilson's retirement. The court under Mason was widely regarded as the most liberal bench in the court's history.[104]
The Mason court made many important decisions in all areas of Australian law. One of its first major cases was Cole v Whitfield (1988),[105] concerning the troublesome section 92, which had been interpreted inconsistently and confusingly since the beginning of the court. For the first time, the court referred to historical materials such as the debates of the Constitutional Conventions to ascertain the purpose of the section, and the unanimous decision indicated "a willingness to overturn established doctrines and precedents perceived to be no longer working", a trend which typified the Mason court.[106]
The most popularly significant case decided by the Mason court was the Mabo case (1992),[107] in which the court found that the common law was capable of recognising native title. The decision was one of the High Court's most controversial of all time and represented the tendency of the Mason court to receive "high praise and stringent criticism in equal measure."[106] Other controversial cases included the War Crimes Act case (1991),[108] regarding the validity of the War Crimes Act 1945; Dietrich v The Queen (1992),[109] in which the court found that a lack of legal representation in a serious criminal case can result in an unfair trial; Sykes v Cleary (1992),[110] regarding the disputed election of Phil Cleary; and Teoh's case (1995),[111] in which the court held that ratification of a treaty by the executive could create a legitimate expectation that members of the executive would act in accordance with that treaty.
The court developed the concept of implied human rights in the Constitution in cases such as Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1992),[112] Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills (1992)[113] and Theophanous v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd (1994),[114] in which the court recognised an implied freedom of political communication arising from the nature of the Constitution in laying out a system of representative government.
In other areas of law, the court developed doctrines of equity in relation to commercial law and contract law, in cases such as Waltons Stores v Maher (1988)[115] and (1988),[116] and made significant developments in tort law, in cases such as (1992)[117] and Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd (1994).[118]
Brennan court
Sir Gerard Brennan succeeded Mason in 1995. In contrast to the previous court, the Brennan court had many changes in its membership despite being only three years long. The court decided many significant cases.[119]
In Ha v New South Wales (1997)[120] the court invalidated a New South Wales tobacco licensing scheme, reining in the licensing scheme exception to the prohibition on states levying excise duties, contained in Section 90 of the Constitution. While it did not overturn previous cases in which schemes had been upheld, it did emphasise that the states could not stray too far from the constitutional framework.
The Brennan court made a number of significant decisions in relation to the judiciary of Australia. In (1995)[121] and the (1998),[122] the court developed the persona designata doctrine, and in Kable v DPP (1997),[123] the court rejected attempts by the Parliament of New South Wales to establish a system of preventative detention and found that the states do not have unlimited ability to regulate their courts, given the place of state courts within the Australian court hierarchy.
The court decided several cases relating to the implied freedom of political communication developed by the Mason court, notably Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997)[124] and the (1997).[125] It also decided several native title cases, including the controversial Wik case (1996).[126]
Gleeson court
Murray Gleeson was appointed Chief Justice in 1998. The court under Gleeson's leadership was generally regarded as more conservative than under Mason or Brennan, favouring legalism in the tradition of the Dixon and Barwick courts. In the Cross-vesting case (1999),[127] the court struck down legislation vesting state jurisdiction in the Federal Court. In Al-Kateb v Godwin (2004)[128] a majority of the court applied a narrow interpretation of the Migration Act 1958, finding that it permitted executively-imposed indefinite detention of stateless persons. However, the court did not entirely shy away from principle and public policy in its decisions.[129]
In Egan v Willis (1998),[130] the court supported the New South Wales Legislative Council's ability to suspend the Treasurer when he failed to produce documents before the Council, emphasising the purpose of the ability in facilitating responsible government. In Sue v Hill (1999),[131] the court recognised Australia's emergence as a sovereign independent nation, finding that the United Kingdom was a "foreign power".
The Gleeson court decided a number of important native title cases, including (1999),[132] Western Australia v Ward (2002)[133] and the Yorta Yorta case (2002).[134] In tort law, the court's significant decisions include (1999),[135] concerning negligence actions where there is only pure economic loss as opposed to physical or mental injury, Dow Jones v Gutnick (2002),[136] regarding defamation on the Internet, and Cattanach v Melchior (2003),[137] a wrongful life case involving a healthy child. In criminal law, the court in R v Tang (2008)[138] upheld slavery convictions against the owner of a brothel who had held several women in debt bondage after they had been trafficked to Australia.
Perhaps the Gleeson court's most significant case was among its later ones. In the WorkChoices case (2006),[139] the court finally explicitly accepted a wide reading of the corporations power, after years of gradual expansion following the Concrete Pipes case (1971).[89]
French court
Robert French was appointed Chief Justice in September 2008. The first decision handed down by the French Court was (2008),[140] a case dealing with a motor vehicle accident. One of the most notable judgments handed down by the French Court was Pape v Commissioner of Taxation (2009),[141] a constitutional law case concerning the existence of the Commonwealth's so-called "appropriation power" and the scope of its executive and taxation powers.
Kiefel court
Susan Kiefel was appointed Chief Justice in January 2017. The Kiefel court has decided two important constitutional cases: in Brown v Tasmania,[142] its members adopted a conflicting variety of approaches to the implied freedom of political communication;[143][144] while in Re Canavan,[145] which attracted huge public interest,[146] the court's unanimous decision adhered to an interpretation of section 44 of the Constitution according to its "ordinary and natural meaning". In Wilkie v Commonwealth the Court held that expenditure for the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey had been approved by Parliament and was the collection of "statistical information" that could be conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.[147] In Pell v The Queen, a case of large public interest, the Court unanimously quashed Cardinal George Pell's conviction of child sexual abuse and overturned the ruling of the Victorian Court of Appeal, entering verdicts of acquittal on all charges. The Court held that the jury, "acting rationally on the whole of the evidence, ought to have entertained a doubt as to the applicant's guilt with respect to each of the offences for which he was convicted."[148]
Composition of the court
Main article: List of Justices of the High Court of Australia
The High Court of Australia is composed of seven Justices: the Chief Justice of Australia and six other Justices. Their salaries are determined by the Remuneration Tribunal, an independent statutory authority. Since 1 July 2017, the Chief Justice has received an annual salary of $584,520 and the other Justices have received $530,440.[149][150]
Appointments are officially made by the Governor-General in Council. In practice, appointees are nominated by the Prime Minister, on advice from the Cabinet, particularly from the Attorney-General for Australia. For example, four Justices were appointed while Andrew Fisher was Prime Minister, but it was largely on Attorney-General Billy Hughes' authority that the candidates were chosen.[151] Since 1979, the Attorney-General has been required to consult with the attorneys-general of the states and territories of Australia about appointments to the court.[152] The process was first used in relation to the appointment of Justice Wilson, and has been generally successful, despite the occasional criticism that the states merely have a consultative, rather than a determinative, role in the selection process.[153]
There are no qualifications for Justices in the Constitution (other than that they must be under the compulsory retirement age of 70[154]). The High Court of Australia Act 1979 requires that appointees have been a judge of a federal, state or territory court, or that they have been enrolled as a legal practitioner for at least five years with either the High Court itself or with a state or territory Supreme Court. There are no other formal requirements.[155]
The appointment process stands in stark contrast with the highly public selection and confirmation process for justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Three Chief Justices (Sir Adrian Knox, Sir John Latham and Sir Garfield Barwick) had previously been conservative politicians prior to their appointment, and there is frequent criticism of Barwick's intervention in the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, when he gave advice to Governor-General Sir John Kerr.[156]
On the other side of politics, Labor politicians Dr H. V. Evatt QC, Sir Edward McTiernan and Lionel Murphy QC were also appointed to the High Court; Murphy, Attorney-General in the Whitlam government, was criticised by the conservative side at the time of his appointment but after a decade in office had risen, on occasion, to the heights of Acting Chief Justice. His reputation was gravely damaged in 1985 after an illegal police phone-tap led to him being charged with attempting to pervert the course of justice, but Murphy was eventually acquitted of all charges.[157]
Current composition
Date appointed
Mandatory retirement
Appointing
Previous posting(s)
Susan Kiefel AC QC
(Chief Justice) Qld 30 January 2017
(as Chief Justice)
(as Justice) 17 January 2024 Peter Cosgrove (as Chief Justice)
Michael Jeffery (as Justice) Malcolm Turnbull (Liberal, as Chief Justice)
John Howard (Liberal, as Justice) Supreme Court of Queensland
Federal Court of Australia Barristers' Admissions Board
Virginia Bell AC SC NSW 3 February 2009 7 March 2021 Quentin Bryce Kevin Rudd (Labor) Supreme Court of New South Wales University of Sydney
Stephen Gageler AC SC NSW 9 October 2012 5 July 2028 Quentin Bryce Julia Gillard (Labor) Solicitor-General of Australia Australian National University
Patrick Keane AC QC Qld 1 March 2013 26 October 2022 Quentin Bryce Julia Gillard (Labor) Supreme Court of Queensland
Federal Court of Australia University of Queensland
Michelle Gordon AC SC Vic 9 June 2015 19 November 2034 Peter Cosgrove Tony Abbott (Liberal) Federal Court of Australia University of Western Australia
James Edelman WA 30 January 2017 9 January 2044 Peter Cosgrove Malcolm Turnbull (Liberal) Supreme Court of Western Australia
Federal Court of Australia University of Western Australia
Simon Steward Vic 1 December 2020[158] 9 January 2039[159] David Hurley Scott Morrison (Liberal) Federal Court of Australia University of Melbourne
Two appointments to the High Court were announced on 28 October 2020. Simon Steward was appointed to the court on 1 December 2020, in place of the retiring Geoffrey Nettle, and Jacqueline Gleeson will be appointed to the court on 1 March 2021, in place of the retiring Virginia Bell.[160][161][162]
Initial composition
The first bench of the High Court: Barton, Griffith and O'Connor seated, with court officials in the background. Photo taken at the first sitting of the court on 6 October 1903.
The first three justices of the High Court were Chief Justice, Sir Samuel Griffith, Justice Sir Edmund Barton, and Justice Richard Edward O'Connor.[163] There were a number of possible candidates for the first bench of the High Court. In addition to the eventual appointees, names which had been mentioned in the press included two future Justices of the court, Henry Higgins and Isaac Isaacs, along with Andrew Inglis Clark, Sir John Downer, Sir Josiah Symon and George Wise. (Crucially, all of the above had previously served as politicians, with only Griffith and Inglis Clark possessing both political and judicial experience.) Barton and O'Connor were both members of the federal parliament and both from the government benches; indeed Barton was Prime Minister. Each of the eventual appointees had participated in the drafting of the Constitution and had intimate knowledge of it. All three were described as conservative and their jurisprudence was very much influenced by English law, and in relation to the Constitution, by United States law.[164]
Expansion of composition
In 1906, at the request of the Justices, two more seats were added to the bench, with Isaacs and Higgins the appointees. After O'Connor's death in 1912, an amendment to the Judiciary Act 1903 expanded the bench to seven. For most of 1930 two seats were left vacant due to monetary constraints placed on the court by the Depression. The economic downturn had also led to a reduction in litigation and consequently less work for the court. After Sir Isaac Isaacs retired in 1931, his seat was left empty, and in 1933 an amendment to the Judiciary Act officially reduced the number of seats to six. However, this led to some decisions being split three-all. With the appointment of William Webb in 1946, the number of seats returned to seven, and since then the court has had a full complement of seven Justices.[165] As of 2015 there have been 52 Justices, twelve of whom have been Chief Justice.[166]
Recent developments in composition
Current Justices Susan Kiefel, Virginia Bell and Michelle Gordon are the third, fourth and fifth women to sit on the bench, after Justices Mary Gaudron and Susan Crennan. There are three women sitting concurrently on the bench, alongside four men. In 2017, Justice Kiefel became the first woman to be appointed Chief Justice.[167]
More than half of the Justices, twenty-six, have been residents of New South Wales (with twenty-four of these graduates of Sydney Law School). Thirteen have been from Victoria, eight from Queensland and four from Western Australia. No Justices have been residents of South Australia, Tasmania or any of the territories. The majority of the Justices have been from Protestant backgrounds, with a smaller number from Catholic backgrounds. Sir Isaac Isaacs was of Polish/Jewish background and current Justice James Edelman is also Jewish:[168] they have been the only representatives on the Court of any other faith. Many Justices have not indicated whether they have religious views.
Michael Kirby was the first openly gay justice in the history of the Court; his replacement, Virginia Bell, is the first lesbian,[169] who has been an active campaigner for gay and lesbian rights and was one of the participants in the first Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in 1978.[170]
Almost all judges on the High Court have taken silk as a Queen's Counsel (QC), King's Counsel (KC) or Senior Counsel (SC) before appointment. The exceptions are: Justice Sir Hayden Starke, Justices Sir Edward McTiernan, Sir William Webb, Sir Cyril Walsh, Michael Kirby, Robert French and James Edelman.
From the retirement of Ian Callinan in 2007 until the appointment of Stephen Gageler in 2012, every justice of the High Court had prior judicial experience (serving on state supreme courts or the Federal Court of Australia) for the only time in its history. Although 13 justices of the Court had previously served in state, colonial or federal Parliaments, no parliamentarian has been appointed to the Court since Lionel Murphy's appointment in 1975.
Judges' associates
The Chief Justice and each of the justices engage associates to assist them in the exercise of their judicial functions. At present, all members of the High Court engage two associates for one-year terms. In addition, the Chief Justice is assisted by an employee of the library as a legal research officer. The role of the associate is broadly equivalent to that of a law clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States. Depending on the judge, an associate's responsibilities will typically include legal research, assistance in preparation for oral arguments, tipping in court during oral argument, editing judgments and assisting with extrajudicial functions, such as speechwriting.[171] Associates generally will have graduated with first class honours, at or near the top of their class, from a leading law school.[172] Associates will typically also have research experience (and often experience working for a law firm or university or another court).[172] Accordingly, competition for associate positions is very high with hundreds of applications being received annually.[172]
Sir Keith Aickin, Justice Stephen Gageler and Justice James Edelman all served as associates at the High Court of Australia to Sir Owen Dixon, Sir Anthony Mason and Justice Toohey, respectively.[173]
In the 1950s, Prime Minister Robert Menzies established a plan to develop Canberra and construct other important national buildings. A 1959 plan featured a new building for the High Court on the shore of Lake Burley Griffin, next to the location for the new Parliament House and the National Library of Australia. This plan was abandoned in 1968 and the location of the Parliament was moved, later settling on the present site on Capital Hill.[13]:ch 4
In March 1968, the government announced that the court would move to Canberra.[13]:ch 4 In 1972 an international competition was held attracting 158 entries. In 1973 the firm of Edwards Madigan Torzillo Briggs was declared the winner of the two-stage competition. Architect Chris Kringas was the Principal Designer and Director in charge working with Feiko Bouman. In March 1975, only one month before construction began, Kringas died, aged 38. Following his death, Feiko Bouman, Hans Marelli and Colin Madigan supervised the construction of the design.[174] The constructed building is largely identical to the 1973 competition design.
Construction began in April 1975 on the shore of Lake Burley Griffin, in the Parliamentary Triangle. The site is just to the east of the axis running between Capital Hill and the Australian War Memorial. The High Court building houses three courtrooms, Justices' chambers, and the Court's main registry, library, and corporate services facilities. It is an unusual and distinctive structure, built in the brutalist style, and features an immense public atrium with a 24-metre-high (79 ft) roof. The neighbouring National Gallery was also designed by the firm of Edwards Madigan Torzillo and Briggs. There are similarities between the two buildings in material and style but significant differences in architectural form and spatial concept. The building was completed in 1980 and the majority of the court's sittings have been held in Canberra since then. The High Court was awarded the Canberra Medallion by the Royal Australian Institute of Architects in 1980. The building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II, on 26 May 1980. The Court and its Principal Registry were immediately transferred to the new building and the first sitting in this location took place in June 1980.[4]
The building is primarily constructed from bush-hammered, in-situ, reinforced, off-white concrete as a monolithic structure. The bush-hammering is achieved by constructing the walls using formwork and hammering the concrete when the form work is removed. Large areas of glazing are supported on tubular steel frame structural back-ups. Careful attention has been paid to detailing and the use of controlled natural light in the courtrooms is noteworthy. Internal finishes are rich yet restrained. Flooring is aurisina stone, pirelli rubber or carpet. Wall finishes are concrete, plaster or timber panelling. Ceilings are plywood panelling, timber battened, plaster or concrete. Australian timber is used throughout the building.[4]
Courtroom 1 is the main courtroom with an imposing timber panelled wall of red tulip oak from Queensland, 17.5 metres high. It also contains a long curved bench and bar table of jarrah timber. Blackwood panels are used in the ceiling. The Courtroom has a sound system reticulated to a room which accommodates court reporting services. It contains a woven tapestry incorporating the badges of the States and the Crest of the Commonwealth. Doors for each of the three courtrooms incorporate a special design, those of Courtroom No. 1 featuring a silvered bronze grid partly recessed and fixed into the laminated plate glass. The theme of the design is a shield, emphasising the Court's function as a protector of the Constitution and the liberties of the citizen. The door handles continue the emblematic design. Courtroom No. 2 is described as the "Working Courtroom", as it is the venue for the majority of hearings. It has similar wall panelling and fittings to No. 1 Courtroom, although the ceiling is of painted moulded plywood. Courtroom No 2 is also used for hearing applications for leave to appeal by video link. It therefore is fitted with special equipment for the transmission and reception of pictures and sound between the Courtroom and other cities in Australia. Courtroom No. 3 has been designed for cases which will be dealt with generally by a single Justice and is the smallest of the three courtrooms. It has a jury box so that a trial can be conducted on the rare occasions that such a case comes before the High Court. The Courtroom has been furnished with coachwood timber with a ceiling mainly of glass that provides a high level of natural lighting.[4]
Specially commissioned art works complement the public hall as applied finishes or are integrated into the building's detailing. Included are the water feature designed by Robert Woodward, murals by Jan Senbergs forming an integral part of the public hall, doors at entry to Court 1 designed by and George Baldessin and a wax mural by Bea Maddock in the public hall outside Courtroom 1. Photographic portraits of all Chief Justices and Justices who have sat on the Court since its inception are displayed along the wall outside Courtroom No. 1.[4]
The High Court was added to the Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004.[4]
The building has been subject to critical acclaim:
With its recessed and projecting forms, the building exploits the plastic characteristics of reinforced concrete. The differing expressions of each facade arise from the internal functions and the external conditions. The building was designed to read clearly from across the lake to the north. The meticulous, hand-worked surfaces of both buildings demonstrate the craft-based attitude to concrete construction shown in Madigan's architecture. This is the most successful elevation and it has been enhanced by imaginative terracing and landscaping, in particular by a generous but gentle cascade that flows beside the pedestrian path to the forecourt.
— Taylor, J. (1990). Australian Architecture since 1960. Royal Australian Institute of Architects. pp. 93–102.
The High Court makes itself generally available to the public through its own website.[175] Judgment Alerts, available on the Court's website and by email with free subscription, provide subscribers with notice of upcoming judgments (normally a week beforehand) and, almost immediately after the delivery of a major judgment, with a brief summary of it (normally not more than one page). All of the Court's judgments, as well as transcripts of its hearings since 2009 and other materials, are made available, free of charge, through the Australasian Legal Information Institute. The Court has recently established on its website an "eresources" page, containing for each case its name, keywords, mentions of relevant legislation and a link to the full judgment; these links go to the original text from 2000 onward, scanned texts from 1948 to 1999 and facsimiles from the Commonwealth Law Reports for their first 100 volumes (1903 to 1959); there are also facsimiles of some unreported judgments (1906-2002).[176] Since October 2013, audio-visual recordings of full-court hearings held in Canberra have been available on its website.[177]
The No. 1 Courtroom, used for all cases that require a full bench of seven justices[178]
High Court building
Live renaissance music and dancing at the High Court in 2019
Australia portal
Law portal
Judiciary Act 1903
Judiciary of Australia
Law of Australia
List of Chief Justices of Australia by time in office
List of High Court of Australia cases
List of Justices of the High Court of Australia
List of law schools attended by Australian High Court Justices
^ "Courts". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 24 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2013. The High Court of Australia is the highest court of appeal
^ a b Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth).
^ a b High Court of Australia Act 1979 (Cth).
^ a b c d e f g "High Court of Australia, King Edward Tce, Parkes, ACT, Australia (Place ID 105557)". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment. 22 June 2004. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
^ Dixon, Owen (1952). "Address on being sworn in as Chief Justice". Commonwealth Law Reports. 85: XIII. Not online.
^ Bennett, J. M. (1980). "Foreword by Sir Garfield Barwick". Keystone of the Federal Arch. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-642-04866-5.
^ Australian Law Reform Commission. "The Judicial Power of the Commonwealth". Australian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 19 March 2006.
^ In Re Judiciary and Navigation Acts [1921] HCA 20, (1921) 29 CLR 257, at 265.
^ "High Court of Australia". Courts. Queensland Government. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
^ See for example " Australasian Federation Enabling Act 1899 No 2 (NSW)" (PDF). NSW Parliamentary Council's Office.
^ "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp)" (PDF).
^ Colonial Sugar Refining Co Ltd v Attorney-General (Cth) [1912] HCA 94, (1912) 15 CLR 182.
^ a b c d e f g Hull, Crispin (2003). The High Court of Australia: celebrating the centenary 1903–2003. Lawbook Co. ISBN 0-455-21947-8.
^ Kirmani v Captain Cook Cruises Pty Ltd (No 2) [1985] HCA 27, (1985) 159 CLR 461.
^ Australian Consolidated Press Ltd v Uren [1967] HCA 21, (1967) 117 CLR 221.
^ Viro v The Queen [1978] HCA 9, (1978) 141 CLR 88.
^ a b c d e Gleeson, M (2002). "The Birth, Life and Death of Section 74" (PDF).
^ a b Parker v The Queen [1963] HCA 14.
^ Parker v The Queen [1964] UKPC 16, [1964] AC 1369; [1964] UKPCHCA 1, (1964) 111 CLR 665 (23 March 1964), Privy Council (on appeal from NSW, Australia).
^ Privy Council (Limitation of Appeals) Act 1968 (Cth), which ended all appeals to the Privy Council in matters involving federal legislation
^ Privy Council (Appeals from the High Court) Act 1975 (Cth), which prohibited almost all types of appeal from the High Court.
^ "Australia Act 1986". www.legislation.gov.uk.
^ "Australia Act 1986". www.legislation.gov.au.
^ Gleeson, Murray (14 June 2002). "The Birth, Life and Death of Section 74". Samuel Griffith Society. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
^ a b Payne v The Deputy Federal Commissioner of Taxation (Australia) [1936] UKPC 45, [1936] AC 497]
^ Gleeson, M (2008). "The Privy Council – An Australian Perspective" (PDF).
^ Her Majesty's Attorney General for Guyana v Nobrega (Guyana) [1969] UKPC 24
^ a b Brunton v The Acting Commissioner of Stamp Duties for the State of New South Wales (New South Wales) [1913] UKPC 28, [1913] AC 747
^ a b The Municipal Council of Sydney v Campbell (New South Wales) [1924] UKPC 101, [1925] AC 338
^ a b Caratti Holding Co Pty Ltd v Zampatti (Western Australia) [1978] UKPC 24
^ a b The Corporation of the Director of Aboriginal and Islanders Advancement v Donald Peinkinna (Queensland) [1978] UKPC 1
^ Odonkor v Kole (Gold Coast Colony) [1915] UKPC 34
^ The Commissioner of Income Tax, Bombay Presidency v The Bombay Trust Corporation, Limited (Bombay) [1936] UKPC 53
^ Kariapper v S S Wijesinha (Ceylon) [1967] UKPC 20
^ Peiris v Appu (Ceylon) [1968] UKPC 5, [1968] AC 869
^ Her Majesty's Attorney-General for Dominica v Shillingford (Dominica) [1970] UKPC 15
^ Tek v The Public Prosecutor (Malaysia) [1972] UKPC 10
^ Ramcharan v The Queen (Trinidad and Tobago) [1972] UKPC 9, [1973] AC 414
^ Chin v The Collector of Stamp Duties (Malaysia) [1981] UKPC 22
^ Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Nauru relating to Appeals to the High Court of Australia from the Supreme Court of Nauru (Cth), 6 September 1976
^ a b c d Gans, Jeremy (20 February 2018). "News: Court may lose Nauru appellate role". Opinions on High. Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^ Australian Law Reform Commission (30 June 2001). "Appeals from the Supreme Court of Nauru to the High Court". The Judicial Power of the Commonwealth: A Review of the Judiciary Act 1903 and Related Legislation (PDF). pp. 341–346. Retrieved 2 April 2018. Recommendation 19–1. The Attorney-General should consult with the Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade regarding the feasibility of terminating the treaty between Australia and Nauru, which provides for certain appeals to be brought to the High Court from the Supreme Court of Nauru. If termination is considered feasible, the Nauru (High Court Appeals) Act 1976 should be repealed.
^ Roberts, Andrew (4 December 2017). "Appeals to Australia from Nauru: The High Court's Unusual Jurisdiction". . Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^ a b Wahlquist, Calla (2 April 2018). "Fears for asylum seekers as Nauru moves to cut ties to Australia's high court". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^ a b Cecil v Director of Public Prosecutions (Nauru); Kepae v Director of Public Prosecutions (Nauru); Jeremiah v Director of Public Prosecutions (Nauru) [2017] HCA 46 (20 October 2017), High Court
^ "Nauru Court of Appeal another step to nation's maturity". . The Government of the Republic of Nauru. 2 March 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^ a b Clarke, Melissa (2 April 2018). "Justice in Nauru curtailed as Government abolishes appeal system". ABC News. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
^ a b c d e f g Williams, John (2003). One hundred years of the High Court of Australia. King's College, London. ISBN 1-85507-124-X.
^ a b c d (1980). Keystone of the Federal Arch. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-642-04866-5.
^ McHugh, Michael (15 February 2002). The High Court and the Oxford Companion to the High Court (Speech). Constitutional Law and Conference Dinner. Botanical Gardens Restaurant. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^ Deakin, Alfred (1902). "Judiciary Bill, second reading". Commonwealth Parliamentary Debates. 8: 10967.
^ "History of the High Court". High Court of Australia. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
^ "High Court Building". Our Nation's First Capital. Public Records Office Victoria. Archived from the original on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
^ "Ch 3. History of the Origins and Development of the High Court of Australia" (PDF). High Court of Australia. 15 March 2011. p. 19. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
^ Macintyre, Stuart (1986). "Latham, Sir John Greig (1877–1964)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 10. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
^ Anderson, Grant; Dawson, Daryl. "Dixon, Sir Owen (1886–1972)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 27 March 2020 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
^ "About the High Court – History of the High Court". High Court of Australia. Retrieved 10 December 2005.
^ a b Australia, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=The High Court of. "High Court of Australia". www.hcourt.gov.au.
^ "Constitution Alteration (Retirement of Judges) Act 1977". ComLaw. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
^ Dixon, R; Williams, G, eds. (2015). The High Court, the Constitution and Australian Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107043664. at pp. 7-8, 101-103, 118-119.
^ a b c Mason, Anthony (2001). "Griffith Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Deakin v Webb [1904] HCA 57, (1904) 1 CLR 585.
^ D'Emden v Pedder [1] HCA 1904, (1904) 1 CLR 91.
^ McCulloch v. Maryland 17 U.S. 316 (1819)
^ Peterswald v Bartley [1904] HCA 21, (1904) 1 CLR 497.
^ R v Barger [1908] HCA 43, (1908) 61 CLR 41.
^ Attorney-General for NSW v Brewery Employees Union of NSW [1908] HCA 94, (1908) 6 CLR 469.
^ Markwell, Donald (1999). "Griffith, Barton and the early governor-generals: aspects of Australia's constitutional development". Public Law Review.
^ Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (Engineers' Case) [1920] HCA 54, (1920) 28 CLR 129.
^ Roche v Kronheimer [1921] HCA 25, (1921) 29 CLR 329.
^ Cowen, Zelman (2001). "Isaac Alfred Isaacs". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Fricke, Graham (2001). "Gavan Duffy Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ [1932] HCA 20, (1932) 47 CLR 97.
^ (first State Garnishee case) [1932] HCA 7, (1932) 46 CLR 155.
^ Douglas, Roger (2001). "Latham Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ [1941] HCA 20, (1941) 65 CLR 255.
^ [1944] HCA 8, (1944) 69 CLR 51.
^ South Australia v Commonwealth (First Uniform Tax case) [1942] HCA 14, (1942) 65 CLR 373.
^ Adelaide Company of Jehovah's Witnesses v Commonwealth [1943] HCA 12, (1943) 67 CLR 116.
^ Bank of New South Wales v Commonwealth (Bank Nationalisation case) [1948] HCA 7, (1948) 76 CLR 1.
^ Attorney-General (Victoria); Ex rel Dale v Commonwealth (First Pharmaceutical Benefits case) [1945] HCA 30, (1945) 71 CLR 237.
^ Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth [1951] HCA 5, (1951) 83 CLR 1.
^ R v Burgess; Ex parte Henry [1936] HCA 52, (1936) 55 CLR 608.
^ a b c Zines, Leslie (2001). "Dixon Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Stephen, Ninian Sir (1986). Sir Owen Dixon : a celebration. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-522-84330-9.
^ R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers' Society of Australia [1956] HCA 10, (1956) 94 CLR 254.
^ Victoria v Commonwealth (Second Uniform Tax case) [1957] HCA 54, (1957) 99 CLR 575.
^ a b Strickland v Rocla Concrete Pipes Ltd [1971] HCA 40, (1971) 124 CLR 468.
^ (Seas and Submerged Lands case) [1975] HCA 58, (1975) 135 CLR 337.
^ Western Australia v Commonwealth (1975) (First Territory Senators' case) [1975] HCA 46, (1975) 134 CLR 201.
^ Queensland v Commonwealth (Second Territory Senators' case) [1977] HCA 60, (1977) 139 CLR 585.
^ Russell v Russell [1976] HCA 23, (1976) 134 CLR 495.
^ [1974] HCA 28, (1974) 131 CLR 432.
^ Victoria v Commonwealth (Petroleum and Minerals Authority case) [1975] HCA 39, (1975) 134 CLR 81.
^ Mason, Anthony (2001). "Barwick Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ a b Twomey, Anne (2001). "Gibbs Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen [1982] HCA 27, (1982) 153 CLR 168.
^ Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dams case) [1983] HCA 21, (1983) 158 CLR 1.
^ Kioa v West [1985] HCA 81, (1985) 159 CLR 550.
^ [1984] HCA 7, (1984) 156 CLR 521.
^ Pierce, Jason Louis (2006), Inside the Mason Court revolution : the High Court of Australia transformed, Carolina Academic Press, ISBN 978-1-59460-061-6
^ Cole v Whitfield [1988] HCA 18, (1988) 165 CLR 360.
^ a b Dillon, Michelle; Doyle, John (2001). "Mason Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Mabo v Queensland (No 2) [1992] HCA 23, (1992) 175 CLR 1.
^ Polyukhovich v Commonwealth (War Crimes Act case) [1991] HCA 32, (1991) 172 CLR 501.
^ Dietrich v The Queen [1992] HCA 57, (1992) 177 CLR 292.
^ Sykes v Cleary [1992] HCA 60, (1992) 176 CLR 77.
^ Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh [1995] HCA 20, (1995) 183 CLR 273.
^ Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth [1992] HCA 45, (1992) 177 CLR 106.
^ Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills [1992] HCA 46, (1992) 177 CLR 1.
^ Theophanous v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd [1994] HCA 46, (1994) 182 CLR 104.
^ Waltons Stores (Interstate Ltd) v Maher [1988] HCA 7, (1988) 1164 CLR 387.
^ Burnie Port Authority v General Jones Pty Ltd [1994] HCA 13, (1994) 179 CLR 520.
^ Jackson, David (2001). "Brennan Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Ha v New South Wales [1997] HCA 34, (1997) 189 CLR 465.
^ (Hindmarsh Island Bridge case) [1996] HCA 18, (1996) 189 CLR 1.
^ Kable v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) [1996] HCA 24, (1996) 189 CLR 51.
^ Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation [1997] HCA 25, (1997) 189 CLR 520.
^ (Duck Shooting Case) [1997] HCA 31, (1997) 189 CLR 579.
^ Wik Peoples v Queensland (Pastoral Leases Case) [1996] HCA 40, (1996) 187 CLR 1.
^ Re Wakim; Ex parte McNally (Cross-vesting case) [1999] HCA 27, (1999) 198 CLR 511.
^ Al-Kateb v Godwin [2004] HCA 37, (2004) 219 CLR 562.
^ Zines, Leslie (2001). "Gleeson Court". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Egan v Willis [1998] HCA 71, (1998) 195 CLR 424.
^ Sue v Hill [1999] HCA 30, (1999) 199 CLR 462.
^ Western Australia v Ward [2002] HCA 28, (2002) 213 CLR 1.
^ Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria [2002] HCA 58, (2002) 214 CLR 422.
^ [1999] HCA 36, (199) 198 CLR 180.
^ Dow Jones & Co Inc v Gutnick [2002] HCA 56, (2002) 219 CLR 562.
^ Cattanach v Melchior [2003] HCA 38, (2003) 215 CLR 1.
^ R v Tang [2008] HCA 39, (2008) 237 CLR 1.
^ New South Wales v Commonwealth (WorkChoices case) [2006] HCA 52, (2006) 229 CLR 1.
^ [2008] HCA 51, (2002) 249 ALR 663; 83 ALJR 34.
^ Pape v Commissioner of Taxation [2009] HCA 23, (2009) 238 CLR 1.
^ Brown v Tasmania [2017] HCA 43. "Judgment summary" (PDF). High Court. 18 October 2017.
^ Blackshield, Tony (26 October 2017). "Green in Judgment". Inside Story. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ Chordia, Shipra (2 November 2017). "The Trajectory of Structured Proportionality: Brown v Tasmania". AUSPUBLAW. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
^ Re Canavan [2017] HCA 45. "Judgment summary" (PDF). High Court. 27 October 2017.
^ Wright, Tony (27 October 2017). "Citizenship verdict: The High Court and the theatre of public execution". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ Wilkie v Commonwealth; Australian Marriage Equality v Minister for Finance [2017] HCA 40. "Judgment summary" (PDF). High Court. 28 September 2017.
^ Davey, Melissa (7 April 2020). "George Pell: Australian cardinal released from jail after high court quashes child sexual abuse conviction". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
^ Australia's top judges get a pay rise, SBS News, 10 October 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
^ Determination 2017/09: Judicial and Related Offices – Remuneration and Allowances, Remuneration Tribunal. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
^ Dixon & Williams (eds), Ch 5 The Griffith Court by John M Williams p. 83.
^ High Court of Australia Act 1979 (Cth) s 6
^ Durack, Peter (2001). "High Court of Australia Act". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Section 72 of the Constitution, as amended in 1977, before which there had been no compulsory retirement age.
^ Evans, Simon (2001). "Appointment of Justices". In Blackshield, Tony; Coper, Michael; Williams, George (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554022-0.
^ Lee, H.P.; Winterton, G, eds. (2003). Australian Constitutional Landmarks. Cambridge University Press. pp. 248–50. ISBN 052183158X.
^ Hocking, Jenny Lionel Murphy: A political biography, Cambridge University Press Melbourne 2000, p 304
^ Morrison, Scott (28 October 2020). "Press Conference - Australian Parliament House, ACT". Prime Minister of Australia. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
^ "Federal Court of Australia". Australian Government Directory. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
^ Whitbourn, Michaela (28 October 2020). "Federal Court judges elevated to High Court as new appointments revealed". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
^ Mizen, Ronald; Pelly, Michael (28 October 2020). "Gleeson, Steward next High Court justices". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
^ McLoughlin, Kcasey (28 October 2020). "Meet Australia's new High Court judges: a legal scholar's take on the Morrison government's appointees". The Conversation. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
^ "History of the High Court". High Court. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
^ Dixon & Williams (eds), Ch 5 The Griffith Court by John M Williams.
^ Dixon & Williams (eds), pp. 78-80, 118-119, 141-143, 160,161.
^ "Former Justices". High Court. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
^ Williams, George (30 January 2017). "Susan Kiefel: Australia's first female chief justice". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^ Levi, Joshua (1 December 2016). "Judge and Jewry". Australian Jewish News. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
^ Pely, Michael (20 December 2008). "NSW Supreme Court farewells High Court appointee Virginia Bell". The Australian. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
^ Dennett, Harley (17 December 2008). "New justice a 78'er". Sydney Star Observer. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
^ Young, Katherine. "Open Chambers: High Court Associates and Supreme Court Clerks Compared". Cite journal requires |journal= (help) (2007) 31(2) Melbourne University Law Review 646.
^ a b c "Applying for an associateship with a Justice of the High Court of Australia". High Court of Australia.
^ Feneley, Rick (10 January 2009). "The boy from Sandy Hollow". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
^ "Papers of Colin Madigan 1900–2002 [manuscript]". Catalogue record. National Library of Australia. Retrieved 19 October 2007.
^ "Home page". High Court of Australia. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
^ "High Court of Australia: eresources". Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ "High Court of Australia: Recent AV recordings". Retrieved 21 February 2014.
^ "The building". High Court of Australia. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
Building only
This Wikipedia article was originally based on High Court of Australia, King Edward Tce, Parkes, ACT, Australia, entry number 105557 in the Australian Heritage Database published by the Commonwealth of Australia 2004 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 20 May 2020.
Australian Heritage Commission (1987). Register of the National Estate Database Place Report for the Sculpture Gardens, Australian National Gallery (Copy printed 20 October 2000 ed.).
Australian Heritage Commission (2001). Proceedings of the High Court - National Gallery Heritage Assessments Stakeholder Workshop. Unpublished report.
Buchanan, B. (2001). The Precinct of the High Court of Australia and National Gallery of Australia. Unpublished report provided to the Australian Heritage Commission.
Edwards Madigan Torzillo Briggs (EMTB) International and Harry Howard and Associates (July 1980). "High Court of Australia: architects statement". Architecture Australia: 41–52. CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Garnett, R.; Hyndes, D. (1992). The Heritage of the Australian Capital Territory. National Trust of Australia. pp. 111–115.
Website. www.hcourt.gov.au. High Court of Australia. 2001.
Howard, H.; Buchanan, B. (1999). From Concept to Realisation - A Review of the Landscaping of the High Court of Australia and the National Gallery of Australia. unpublished report.
Royal Australian Institute of Architects (1990). Citation for the Register of Significant Twentieth Century Architecture.
Taylor J. (1990). Australian Architecture since 1960. The Royal Australian Institute of Architects. pp. 93–102.
Burnside, Sarah (2011). "Australian Judicial Biography: Past, Present and Future". Australian Journal of Politics and History. 57 (2): 221. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8497.2011.01593.x. ISSN 0004-9522.
Carter, David J.; Brown, James; Rahmani, Adel (2016). "Reading the High Court at a Distance: Topic Modelling the Legal Subject Matter and Judicial Activity of the High Court of Australia, 1903-2015" (PDF). University of New South Wales Law Journal. 39 (2): 1300. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2017.
Fricke, Graham (1986). Judges of the High Court. Hawthorn, Victoria: Hutchinson of Australia. ISBN 978-0-09-157150-4.
High Court of Australia official website
High Court Documentary, a short documentary on the High Court and its building.
The Highest Court Documentary film, 1998, DVD. Only film ever permitted to be made of the High Court in session, before video recordings of its proceedings.
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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia
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Highest court in Australia The High Court of Australia is the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal.[1] It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the states and territories, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Read more…
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Summer Stage 2011 Press Release
Upper Darby Summer Stage presents its 36th season at Upper Darby Performing Arts Center!
Tickets go on sale May 31, 2011
May 20, 2011 – Drexel Hill, PA – Upper Darby Summer Stage, the family-oriented musical theater series presented throughout the summer months, introduces its 36th season. Tickets go on sale May 31 for the six Children’s Theater shows and the Mainstage Broadway-style musical, “Titanic, The Musical.” Performances begin on July 6 and take place at Upper Darby Performing Arts Center.
Tickets are available by calling the box office at 610.622.1189 or by visiting the website at www.udpac.org. The performances take place at the Upper Darby Performing Arts Center at 601 N. Lansdowne Avenue in Drexel Hill, PA. The stadium style theater offers wheel-chair access and free parking.
The 2011 Upper Darby Summer Stage season includes six Children’s Theater shows: Disney’s “Camp Rock, the Musical,” the Disney Channel movie, live on stage; Disney’s “Mulan, Jr.,” the stage adaptation of the Disney classic; “Narnia,” on the heels of the latest hit movie; Nickelodeon’s “Rugrats, a Live Adventure,” a zany new show from Nickelodeon; “The Secret Garden,” the acclaimed Broadway musical in a shorter version; and “The Dinosaur Musical,” the prehistoric musical comedy.
The Children’s Theater performances are musicals that are 60 to 75 minutes in length and are geared toward children four, five and six years old and up, depending on the show. The performances begin on July 6th and run through August 11th. The Children’s Theater shows are presented on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday mornings at 10:30 am and on Thursday evenings at 7:30 pm. Tickets are $6 – $9. Members of The Upper Darby Performing Arts Center receive a $1 discount. Families are encouraged to make a date each week to see all six shows. Free babysitting is provided for those too young to enjoy the show quietly.
“Titanic, The Musical” – the Broadway hit and winner of five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Book and Best Score – is the Mainstage production presented on July 29, 30 and August 5, 6 at 7:30pm. In anticipation of the 100th anniversary of the Titanic’s fateful voyage, Marcus Stevens, director of the 2007 season’s production of “Ragtime” will invest this production with a talented cast, technical choreography, a full orchestra, professional quality costumes, and outstanding set and lighting design. The Summer Stage Mainstage productions rival many professional theaters and are presented by young adults up to the age of 28, many pursuing professional careers in theater. Tickets are $10 – $13. Members receive $1 discount.
Since 1976, the Upper Darby Summer Stage program has introduced thousands of families from throughout the Delaware Valley to the magic of live musical theater. Each summer 30,000 ticket-holders walk through the doors of the Upper Darby Performing Arts Center to experience performances at a price the entire family can enjoy.
Over 700 young performers from throughout the southeastern Pennsylvania present 28 performances in the span of six exciting weeks. The staff of close to 90 professional directors, choreographers, costumers, and technicians is committed to providing excellent musical theater training, with high-quality performances for families and the entire community.
1 thought on “Summer Stage 2011 Press Release”
mark simoon says:
Can you send me a schedule for the performances and camp programs for a 7 yeas old?
Thanks and best,
« Aug Jun »
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DEC proposes removing New Hartford site from state registry
Observer-Dispatch
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has announced the completion of a comprehensive cleanup site at 3456 Oneida Street site in New Hartford, according to a statement.
Now, there is a DEC proposal to remove the land from the state's Registry of Inactive Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites.
“DEC provided strict oversight of a comprehensive cleanup of the site on Bleachery Road in the village of Chadwicks to address contamination caused by historic industrial activity. Starting in approximately 1980, operations at the property reportedly included the cleaning of industrial machines containing polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) oils, as well as the discharge of fluids containing PCBs to the ground surface and an unnamed tributary,” according to a statement.
Areas of the on-site unnamed tributary and off-site Sauquoit Creek that were disturbed during cleanup activity have been restored, the statement adds.
Further, state officials say the site no longer poses a public or environmental health threat.
Public comments will be accepted on the state's proposal to delist the site until Nov. 29, 2019. If DEC does not receive new or additional information during this public comment period, the agency will delist the site on or after Dec. 29, 2019.
For more information, visit https://on.ny.gov/2NqSm0j or send comments to David Chiusano, NYSDEC, 625 Broadway, Albany, NY 12233-7017; email david.chiusano@dec.ny.gov; or call 518-402-9813.
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The Cohen Files
Michael Cohen Is the Latest Former Trump Ally to Talk to Mueller
In the wake of Manafort’s plea deal, sources confirm that it is now common knowledge among Cohen’s inner circle that Trump’s former lawyer has been in contact with the special counsel’s office.
By Emily Jane Fox
Michael Cohen leaves court in New York.By Jeenah Moon/The New York Times/Redux.
Attorneys for Donald Trump were dealt another major blow on Friday as Paul Manafort, the president’s former campaign chairman, agreed to cooperate with Special Counsel Robert Mueller as part of a deal that involved pleading guilty to two conspiracy charges. Andrew Weissmann, a prosecutor from Mueller’s office, explained to the judge that as part of the deal, all other charges against Manafort will be dropped at sentencing or “at the agreement of successful cooperation.” Under the agreement, Manafort agreed to forfeit four properties and multiple bank accounts, along with cooperating with investigators by participating in interviews, providing documents and testifying in court.
Manafort is one of a number of members of Trump’s inner circle who have cut deals with the special counsel’s office, including former national security adviser Michael Flynn and Manafort deputy Rick Gates. In recent weeks, it has also become common knowledge among close friends of Michael Cohen, Trump’s former personal attorney, that Cohen is talking to the Mueller team, according to people familiar with the situation. (Cohen did not respond to request for comment, nor did his attorney, Guy Petrillo. A spokesman for the special counsel’s office declined to comment.)
The extent and purpose of those talks is not entirely clear. Last month, Cohen pleaded guilty to eight counts of tax evasion, lying to a bank, and campaign-finance violations. During his allocution in front of a packed courtroom, Cohen read carefully chosen words stating that Trump had directed him to make payments to two women who had alleged affairs with the then-candidate, implicating the president as his co-conspirator. Trump subsequently criticized Cohen, contrasting his disloyalty with the contemporaneous actions of Manafort, who he tweeted had “refused to break” by making up stories in order to get a deal. “Such respect for a brave man!” he added. (Trump has denied sexual relationships with both women, and has maintained that he did nothing wrong.)
For months, Cohen has appeared to signal his willingness to cooperate with the government, both with the Southern District of New York and the special counsel’s office. While prosecutors for the Southern District did not initially approach Cohen about a cooperating agreement before he pleaded guilty, many speculated that he could still cut a deal in the months between the plea and his sentencing in December. Those familiar with Cohen’s thinking were unsure about what he might have to offer prosecutors, but because he had worked so closely with Trump and his family for more than a decade, it was assumed that he could potentially be a useful corroborating witness.
It is a remarkable reversal from a year ago, when Cohen told me he would take a bullet for the president. But Cohen has now been squeezed financially, emotionally, and legally in a way he could not have imagined. Since last month, his primary concern has been his family—what a prison sentence could mean for them, and what his financial situation will look like, given his mounting legal bills and lack of income. He had expressed to friends that he was willing to share what he knows, both because he wants to be on the right side of history, and to spare them. As one longtime friend of Cohen’s put it to me, “He doesn’t feel he needs to go out of his way to protect Trump anymore, particularly because Trump has gone out of his way to hurt Michael.” Earlier this week, Cohen and his attorney sat down with New York state tax-department officials, who subpoenaed him last month as part of their inquiry into the Trump Foundation.
According to people close to him, Cohen closely watched the White House’s reaction to his allocution in court last month. He listened as Trump railed against anyone who makes a plea deal, telling Fox News that cooperating with the government “almost ought to be outlawed.” And he has bristled at the feeling that he has taken the fall for a man who has refused to take any responsibility or face any consequence himself. In conversations with Mueller’s team, he is making good on what he told ABC earlier this summer: that his loyalty to Trump is no longer his lodestar.
Emily Jane Fox is a national correspondent at Vanity Fair.
Cohen Files
“The Man Has to Take Responsibility”: Awaiting Sentencing, Cohen Grapples with Trump’s Good Luck
Mueller Investigation
Losing Everything May Have Made Manafort Even More Dangerous
By Abigail Tracy
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Soccer VAVEL
USMNT v T&T: Five Things To Look For
Ahead of Tuesday evening's World Cup Qualifier against Trinidad & Tobago, we examine five things everyone should keep an eye on for this match and into the future of qualifying.
By Kyle Nowotny November 17, 2015 10:17 AM
World Cup Qualifying kicked off in St. Louis with a resounding 6 - 1 victory over St Vincent and the Grenadines. There was plenty to take away from that, both good and bad, but now it is time to look ahead to the US' first road match against Trinidad & Tobago. It's a trip down to the historic Hasely Crawford Stadium with three points on the line for the top two teams in Group C.
Here are five things to keep an eye on during the match:
It's been a hard year for the defense in 2015. They've given up an absurd amount of shots from in and around the box, forcing the goalkeepers to do everything they can to keep the US in the game. Against St Vincent and the Grenadines, the defense wasn't given much to do though they started the match off horribly with bad passing and worst man-marking. This allowed the visitors to take an embarrassing lead very early in the match.
Once the lead was restored, the defense settled down and had little else to do for the remainder of the game. Against T&T, though, they'll have a much tougher task. The centerback pairing of Geoff Cameron and Matt Besler have to remain tight and not allow space for Cardiff City's Kenwyne Jones to exploit. If he can find a little bit of room to maneuver, he'll put chances on frame. It's a good bet he'll slide one past Tim Howard if given enough chances.
The fullbacks need to do a better job of pushing wingers out wide and isolate them than was done at the start of the first match. T&T boasts several wingers with speed enough to get behind the defense and whip a cross in towards Jones.
Possession in Central Midfield
The defense has had a rough go of it this year, and a big reason for that is bad turnovers in midfield combined with a lack of possession in the middle of the park. A lot of this can be put down to players being put out of position (see, Alejandro Bedoya - Brazil). Still, that hasn't been the whole of the issue. Many players have been woefully out of form or been a step too slow to keep up with the opposition.
Michael Bradley isn't immune from this criticism either. He's been trying everything he can to succeed but hasn't been able to find the right magic to make it work. The pairing of Bradley and Jermaine Jones isn't quite what it used to be. Perhaps a pairing of Bradley and newcomer Darlington Nagbe could provide the needed punch, especially if a defensive mid can be placed behind them and Jones.
The best thing to come out of the first qualifier was quick, precise passing and that kind of movement has to continue. One or two touch movement will allow the midfield to find the seams in the T&T defense. Whomever is place in this vital role will need to time their runs forward right. Holes have been the death of this team and discipline is required for any road trip in CONCACAF.
Giving Newcomers Experience
Speaking of faults with this team, it is very old. Jurgen Klinsmann has been relying far too much on veteran players who have limited games left at this level. Blooding young players, or at the least younger. Enter Nagbe and Matt Miazga. The former has shown himself to be a top player in Major League Soccer with loads of potential on the international stage. The latter is a youth international who has finally broke into the starting lineup for the Supporters Shield winning New York Red Bulls. Miazga is an incredibly talented centerback who, at the age of 20, has a lot left to learn and yet is one of the US' top prospects.
Both will need to be given minutes, if possible, during this game so they can learn what it's like to play on the road in CONCACAF. As any veteran player will say, road games in this region are tough regardless of the quality of the opponent. Everything from the fans to field, refereeing, accommodations and so on can make the game far more difficult. Learning to adapt is a key skill needed to get points on the road.
The Right Subs
There was a stretch when it seemed that Klinsmann couldn't make the wrong substitutions in a game, be it a qualifier or friendly. He seems to have lost that talent of late, especially during the Gold Cup and ensuing CONCACAF Cup. If a player is tired and unable to keep up, sub them out. If they are being ineffective, put someone else in their place. Don't get cute with the subs and overthink things.
If a goal is needed, put someone on who can make that happen. If the game needs to be closed out, clog up the midfield and beef up the defense. Considering the heat that has been on Jurgen in 2015, he can ill afford to start losing qualifiers by bungling his subs. It's a fast track to being out of the job.
The offense has been stale this year. They managed to get six past lowly St. Vincent and the Grenadines but have struggled against just about everyone else. A lot of that comes down to chance creation but the rest falls on the poor finishing of the striker corps. The biggest culprit is Jozy Altidore who was good for Toronto but not so much for the US.
Still the goal scoring load can't all fall on his shoulder. Gyasi Zardes has proven to be quite the goal scorer for his club and needs to be played as such, not along the wing. Young Jordan Morris is unproven at the professional level but has loads of potential while Bobby Wood is on a hot streak. The best thing to do is to run a hot striker so look for Wood to be given the start.
The number of chances will be few which means the strikers have to take advantage of their chances.
During the match, these are the things fans should keep their eyes on. If the US can get most, or hopefully all, of these things right than three points is very possible. Should they struggle, though, it'll be a long night in the stadium that created The Shot Heard Round the World.
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