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1. REGULATION MATCH LENGTH: All matches are Seventy (70) minutes EXCEPT the Championship Match, which is Eighty (80) minutes. 5-minute halftimes. The referee shall keep official time for each match.
2. RED CARDS: One Red Card, the player is suspended from the current and next match. Two Red Cards, the player is suspended from the tournament. A double yellow is considered a Red Card; the player is suspended from the current and next match. (A substitute may enter the game on a double yellow.)
3. TIE MATCHES: Tie matches after regular match time will be determined as follows:
Championship match and Championship semi-finals: If tied at the end of regulation, the teams will play one ten (10) minute overtime period. The choice of side will be determined by a coin toss with the other team awarded the kick-off. Teams will switch sides at the 5-minute mark. The full 10 minutes will be played (NO SUDDEN DEATH). The team ahead at the end of this period will be declared the winner. However, if still tied at the end of overtime, the match will be decided by kicks from the penalty mark.
Quarter Finals: Ties will be decided by kicks from the penalty mark.
Group Play: Ties will be allowed in group play.
Shoot-out Format: Five players from each team will be selected to take the penalty shots. Any player on the roster may participate in the shoot-out even if she was not playing at the end of regulation. Players red carded during the game or ineligible to play from a previous red card may not participate. The teams will alternate taking shots. After 5 shots from each team, the team with the most goals will be declared the winner. Should the match remain tied, a “sudden death” shoot-out will take place with each team alternating turns until a winner is declared. At least ten (10) different players from each team must take a turn shooting before any player from a team can take a second penalty shot. At least ten different players from a team must take a second shot before they can take a third penalty shot, etc.
4. GRACE PERIOD: A five (5) minute grace period will be allowed after the scheduled start time for the match. If a team is not ready to play after this grace period, the Tournament Director may award a 1-0 forfeit.
5. ACL BRACES AND PLAYER SAFETY: It is within the referee’s sole discretion whether or not to require sharp edges of ACL braces to be covered and protected. The tournament committee prefers covering such braces as of courtesy to other players; however, it is the referee’s decision and the referee may change that decision during a game or from one game to another. The same applies to casts, etc. The referee may decide a player cannot play the match even if the player played a previous match.
6. PLAYER, COACH AND SPECTATOR CONDUCT: All coaches are responsible for the conduct and behavior of their players, parents, and friends at the tournament site. Poor sportsmanship, repeated fouls, verbal abuse, and negative yelling, in general, will not be tolerated by the referees or the tournament. The Tournament Director at his discretion may award a forfeit and/or disqualify a team from the tournament. It is required that players from both teams to be on one side of the field with spectators on the other side, unless the Tournament Director may decide otherwise.
7. HOME TEAM AND JERSEYS: Unless the Tournament Director declares otherwise, the team listed first (or on top of the bracket in a bracket tree ) is declared as the ‘home’ team with normal CIF ‘home team’ privileges.
8. RULES/DISPUTES: CIF Rules apply. Decisions relating to the interpretation of the Tournament Rules can only be made by the Tournament Director or his designee. All decisions, judgments, calls of tournament referees and Tournament Director are final. No protests will be allowed.
9. MOVED/DELAYED/SHORTENED/CANCELLED GAMES & REFUND POLICY: The time and place of any game may be changed, and games may be canceled, by the Tournament Director. The referee may also cancel a game. A game that is suspended for any reason by the referee shall be considered a complete game if at least one half of the game has been played. Forfeited games also count as complete games. Canceled or suspended games as to which less than half the game has been played (other than forfeited games) shall be completed as soon as may be practical at a time and place to be determined, unless (1) each team has already played three games in the tournament, and (2) completion of the game is not necessary to determining a tournament champion, in which case the game shall not be completed (if it had been started) or played (if the game had never been started). While we will make every attempt to have all games played, it is possible that some teams might end up playing less than three games due to inclement weather or other forces beyond our control. If so, the following refund schedule applies: Zero matches played = 100% refund less $100 administrative fee; One match played = 60% refund after $100 admin fee; Two matches played = 40% refund after $100 admin fee; Three matches played = No refunds
10. POINT SYSTEM & GROUP PLAY: The following point system will be used to determine 1st, 2nd, & 3rd place in each group during preliminary rounds:
Six (6) points for each win
One (1) point for each goal max points 3
One (1) point for a shutout (0-0 ties do not apply)
Three (3) points for a tie
Zero (0) points for a loss
A forfeit will result in a 1-0 loss for the forfeiting team
11. Tie Breaker: In the event, there is a tie in group play between teams, the following point system will be used to determine 1st, 2nd, & 3rd place in each group during preliminary rounds:
Goals Differential
Goals For
PK’s (Coin flip if a three-way tie with the winning team during the coin flip to get a bye in the pk’s first round)
Determining Wild Card Spot for top 2nd place team advancing into the Championship Round with tied teams:
4:15pm pk’s will determine the advancing team on field #1
Determining Wild Card Spot for top 3rd place team advancing into the 9th Place Round with tied teams:
2:45 pm pk’s will determine the advancing team on field #1
12. BRACKET PLAY & ADVANCEMENT: Once group play has been completed each team will be placed based on their standings. Second place teams will be reseeded based on the tournament committee and advanced into the bracket play with the best 3rd place team based on points. 3 rd place teams will be reseeded and placed into the consolation games.
Brackets:
Quest for Excalibur: 1st Place Teams and the Best 2nd Place team. ( Playing for the championship)
Sir Lancelot: 2nd Place Teams and the best 3rd place team. (Playing for 9th Place)
Guinevere: 3rd Place teams (Consolation Games)
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Fremantle defeats Sydney
Round 18, Optus Stadium, Attendance: 33594
Saturday, 20th July 2019, 6:10 PM AWST
Fremantle Betting Odds: Win 1.82, Line -2.5 @ 1.91
Sydney Betting Odds: Win 2.00, Line +2.5 @ 1.91
Brownlow Votes: 3: J Lloyd, 2: L Ryan, 1: L Parker
Fremantle 1.1 3.6 6.7 7.10 52
Sydney 1.4 5.4 5.6 7.9 51
Fremantle Player Stats | Sydney Player Stats | Match Head to Head Stats | Scoring Breakdown | Highlights
Fremantle Match Statistics (Sorted by Behinds) Coach: Ross Lyon
Sean Darcy 6 11 17 1 0 2 2 26 1 3 7 3 1 1 1 77 88
David Mundy 9 16 25 4 0 1 2 0 0 1 11 3 0 0 2 74 104
Michael Walters 15 6 21 5 1 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 3 4 0 95 104
Reece Conca 19 7 26 4 1 1 5 0 0 3 5 7 2 1 1 108 89
Brandon Matera 10 4 14 2 1 1 3 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 63 48
Bradley Hill 19 1 20 6 1 1 1 0 0 3 2 4 3 0 1 85 65
Ed Langdon 15 6 21 5 0 1 2 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 81 87
Andrew Brayshaw 13 7 20 5 0 1 8 0 0 5 3 2 3 0 0 101 116
Aaron Sandilands 6 8 14 2 0 0 1 17 2 1 5 3 1 2 0 63 96
Joel Hamling 10 8 18 7 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 2 4 1 0 80 117
Nathan Wilson 13 4 17 5 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 4 1 0 1 71 75
Cameron McCarthy 5 0 5 2 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 26 20
Rory Lobb 9 5 14 5 3 0 0 10 0 4 1 3 3 1 1 78 84
Connor Blakely 12 5 17 4 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 79 74
Ethan Hughes 8 9 17 8 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 2 5 0 1 71 77
Darcy Tucker 7 3 10 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 51 30
Griffin Logue 6 3 9 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 1 56 55
Luke Ryan 14 7 21 7 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 1 112 117
Taylin Duman 11 3 14 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 56 64
Adam Cerra 13 3 16 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 4 0 0 60 68
Sam Switkowski 4 8 12 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 44 61
Brett Bewley 15 3 18 5 0 0 1 0 1 6 1 3 1 0 2 64 57
Sydney Match Statistics (Sorted by Behinds) Coach: John Longmire
Tom Papley 18 5 23 6 1 3 1 0 1 6 1 6 0 0 0 95 71
Jake Lloyd 21 21 42 8 0 2 0 0 0 3 2 4 8 1 0 132 121
Tom McCartin 5 0 5 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 28 16
Sam Reid 7 4 11 6 3 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 70 82
Luke Parker 16 12 28 6 1 1 4 0 2 7 6 3 0 3 0 116 105
Josh P. Kennedy 7 16 23 3 0 0 8 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 0 94 87
Dane Rampe 17 5 22 9 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 4 4 0 1 105 98
Zak Jones 11 14 25 4 0 0 2 0 0 4 4 3 0 1 3 73 90
George Hewett 15 12 27 4 0 0 3 0 0 2 1 4 2 0 1 90 86
Aliir Aliir 12 4 16 6 0 0 3 2 0 3 0 3 4 0 0 76 76
Isaac Heeney 8 8 16 5 0 0 5 0 0 2 2 0 4 1 0 76 85
Lewis Melican 10 6 16 1 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 2 2 1 1 55 67
Colin O'Riordan 4 14 18 5 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 1 60 87
Callum Mills 12 7 19 6 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 84 97
Ryan Clarke 11 11 22 2 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 66 55
Oliver Florent 12 4 16 2 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 3 2 0 1 51 31
Will Hayward 6 7 13 3 0 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 55 73
Robbie Fox 7 6 13 3 1 0 3 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 61 66
Nick Blakey 5 5 10 2 1 0 4 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 50 60
Ryley Stoddart 2 5 7 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 20 21
Hayden McLean 8 5 13 5 0 0 8 16 0 2 1 5 2 2 4 87 60
James Rowbottom 10 6 16 5 0 0 6 0 0 2 2 3 1 0 0 81 71
Fremantle Statistic Sydney
7 Goals Kicked 7
Fremantle Attribute Sydney
Fremantle Games Sydney
9 Less than 50 10
Fremantle First Quarter Sydney
Fremantle Second Quarter Sydney
28.6% Conversion 100.0%
Trailing by 10 Halftime Leading by 10
Fremantle Third Quarter Sydney
3.1 19 Score 0.2 2
75.0% Conversion 0%
Leading by 7 End of Quarter Trailing by 7
Fremantle Final Quarter Sydney
Won game by 1 End of Game Lost game by 1
Fremantle First Half Sydney
Lost half by 10 Result Won half by 10
Fremantle Second Half Sydney
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Beyond Borde
Home >> Aging
"Through the Pane" to rep the USA at the Rome Observatory with Catone Film Fest!
Dawn Westlake's "Through the Pane" will represent the USA in the documentary section of the Catone Film Festival held at L'Osservatorio di Roma in Rome, Italy July 14-15, 2017. Based on a memoir chapter by her father, Donald G. Westlake,"Through the Pane" is about his acceptance of Dawn's mother's death in 2012. Dawn's parents were happily married for 62 years. The film was shot in 2015 in Dawn's childhood home in a suburb of Chicago, IL, USA. Cinemat...
BEST SHORT DOC award arrives from Greece!
The Best Short Documentary Award won by "Through the Pane" in the Athens International Digital Film Fest in Greece on February 8th, 2017 was received in Los Angeles by producer/director Dawn Westlake on March 1st. Since her cast and crew are spread around the globe in Barcelona, Chicago and Los Angeles, she photoshopped them into a "group" picture with the Greek trophy. https://twitter.com/dawn_westlake/status/837838106942328832/photo/1 This is the 8th nomination and 5th aw...
"Through the Pane" to play Detroit in Purgatory!
"Through the Pane" will play the Purgatory Film Exhibition in Detroit, Michigan, USA on March 12, 2017. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the short film is based on the memoir chapter by her father, Donald G. Westlake, which deals with his acceptance of her mother's death. They were very happily married for 62 years. GC Johnson of Acoustic Labs scored the film. (He was nominated for the Peer Raben Music Award at SoundTrack_Cologne in Germany in August 2016.) "Through the Pane" ...
Through the Pane wins BEST SHORT DOC award in Athens!
"Through the Pane" won the Best Short Documentary Award at the Athens International Digital Film Fest in Greece on February 8, 2017. This is the 5th award for the film out of 8 nominations. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on her father's memoir chapter about his acceptance of his wife's death. They were very happily married for 62 years. "Through the Pane" was shot/edited by Pol Carrizo Vilarroig of Imatge Barcelona. It was scored by GC Johnson of Acousti...
Through the Pane Nominated for Best Doc in Italian Fest
"Through the Pane" has been selected to the MalatestaShort Film Festival in Cesena, Italy for March 13-15, 2017. It's been nominated to the Best Documentary category. This is its 7th award nomination. The film has won four awards so far in its festival career, in showcases in Chile, Spain and two others in Italy. Written/helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on the memoir chapter by her father, Donald G. Westlake, recounting his acceptance of his wife's death in 2012. The...
Through the Pane receives 42nd set of laurels!
"Through the Pane" will play the Athens International Digital Film Festival in Greece from the 2nd-8th February 2017. This is the 42nd festival selection for the 2015 short film directed by Dawn Westlake and based on her father's memoir chapter about his acceptance of the death of her mother. The film has garnered 6 nominations and won four awards in festivals in Spain, Chile, and two in Italy. Composer GC Johnson of Acoustic Labs was nominated for the Peer Raben Music Award at t...
"Through the Pane" to tour Mexico!
"Through the Pane" will tour Mexico with TODOS SOMOS OTROS in Mexico, November 8-13, 2016. The film was chosen from 908 entries from 51 countries. TODOS SOMOS OTROS will visit theaters in Mexico City, Veracruz, Puebla, Yucatan, Toluca & Queretaro. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on her father's memoir chapter about his acceptance of his wife's death. They were very happily married for 62 years. The film was shot/edited by Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig of Imatge Barcelon...
40th Fest for Through the Pane!
AtlantiDoc Festival in Atlantida, Uruguay is the 40th festival selection for "Through the Pane". The film will play there between December 6-10, 2016. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on the memoir chapter by her father Donald G. Westlake about his acceptance of his wife's death. They were happily married for 62 years. The film was shot on the Canon6D by Pol Carrizo Vilarroig of Imatge Barcelona. Carrizo-Vilarroig also edited and did special effects. "Through the Pa...
Through the Pane wins SPECIAL JURY PRIZE at Fesancor Festival in Chile!
"Through the Pane" won the Special Jury Award for International Documentary at the 24th annual Fesancor Film Festival in Santiago, Chile. This is the fourth award for the film out of 6 international nominations. http://fesancor.cl/premiacion-2016/ The jury's comments: Spanish: "El corto se destaca por su lenguaje poético y delicadeza expresiva que nos transportar a las reflexiones y sentimentos de sus personajes." English: "The film is notable for its ...
Two More Fests for "Through the Pane"!
"Through the Pane" has been accepted to two festivals for the month of November, bringing the total to 39. The film will play the Davis Film Festival in Davis, CA, USA on November 6th, 2016. It was also chosen from over 3000 entries from 46 nations to play the Festival de Cinemistica in Granada, Spain from November 16-December 17, 2016. "Through the Pane" is based on the memoir chapter by Donald G. Westlake about his acceptance of his wife's death. They were very happil...
Fest #37 for "Through the Pane"!
"Through the Pane" will have its French premiere at the Festival du Film de Famille in Saint-Ouen, France on November 19th, 2016. This is the 37th festival acceptance for the filn. Helmed and directed by Dawn Westlake, "Through the Pane" is based on a memoir chapter by Donald G. Westlake about his acceptance of the death of his wife of 62 years. The original score by GC Johnson was nominated for the Peer Raben Music Award in Cologne, Germany in August. The film was shot and...
"Through the Pane" in Twickenham Alive Film Fest!
"Through the Pane" played the Twickenham Alive Film Festival in the UK on October 2nd, 2016. This is the 36th festival acceptance for "Through the Pane". Written and helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on the memoir chapter by her father about his acceptance of the death of her mother. They were very happily married for 62 years. The film was shot on the Canon6D by Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig of Imatge Barcelona. Pol also edited and did visual effects. "Through the ...
"Through the Pane" to play Colombia!
"Through the Pane" has been selected to play in El Saman de Festicine in Viterbo-Caldas, Colombia October 13-16, 2016. This is the 35th selection for "Through the Pane". Helmed and written by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on a memoir chapter by her father, Donald G. Westlake. It addresses his cosmic acceptance of his wife's death four years ago. They were very happily married for 62 years. The film was shot on the Canon6D by Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig of ImatgeBarcelona...
"Through the Pane" to play Visualizame in Madrid!
"Through the Pane" was selected to play Visualizame Film Festival in Madrid, Spain from September 30-October 2, 2016. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on her father's memoir chapter about his acceptance of his wife's death. They were very happily married for 62 years. The film was shot and edited by Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig of Imatge Barcelona. The score by GC Johnson of Acoustic Labs was nominated this year for the Peer Raben Music Award at SoundTrack_Cologne in German...
"Through the Pane" accepted to Vasteras Film Festival in Sweden!
"Through the Pane" has been accepted to the Vasteras Film Festival in Vasteras, Sweden for September 28-October 2, 2016. "Through the Pane" has been accepted to the Vasteras Film Festival in Vasteras, Sweden for September 28-October 2, 2016. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on her father's memoir chapter about his acceptance of his wife's death in 2012. They were happily married for 62 years. "...
"Through the Pane" accepted to Jahorina Film Festival!
"Through the Pane" has been selected to the 10th annual Jahorina Film Festival in Bosnia-Herzegovina for September 14-18, 2016. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on her father Donald G. Westlake's memoir chapter about the death of his wife of 62 years. Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig of Imatge Barcelona shot and edited. A guitarviol score was composed by GC Johnson of Acoustic Labs, a 2016 Peer Raben Music Award nominee. For more info and to see a trailer of "Through the Pane...
"Through the Pane" accepted to 30th film fest!
"Through the Pane" has received its 30th film festival acceptance! It will play the Fano International Film Festival in Italy from October 18-22, 2016. Helmer Dawn Westlake has a long history with the Fano Film Festival, having one special jury awards for past films presented there. "Through the Pane" is based on her father's memoir chapter about his acceptance of her mother's death. They were very happily married for 62 years. The film was shot/edited by Pol Carrizo...
"Through the Pane" sentenced to prison by jury!
This is one of the coolest ideas for a festival...and "Through the Pane" has just been accepted as a top finalist for the jury award! We'll play the DAROCA & PRISION Film Fest in a prison in Zaragoza, Spain in September. This prison has been using film to rehab prisoners since 1918...and they have had an in-house filmmaking program since 2005, supported by leaders in the Spanish filmmaking industry. AND, for those of you not in the Big House, you'll be able to see the film ...
Through the Pane" to play Fesancor in Chile!
"Through the Pane" was chosen from 2,012 entries to play Fesancor in Santiago de Chile from October 24-31, 2016. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on her father's memoir chapter about his acceptance of her mother's death. The pair were happily married for 62 years. Cinematography and editing are by Pol Carrizo Vilarroig of Imatge Barcelona. The film was scored on the guitarviol by Gregory Johnson of Acoustic Labs. Gregory's score has been nominated for the Peer R...
"Through the Pane" in Cortos Por Caracoles!
"Through the Pane" has been invited to screen out of competition in the Off Caracoles section of the Cortos Por Caracoles Film Fest in Seville, Spain for September 3-10, 2016. Helmed by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on the memoir chapter by her father, Donald G. Westlake, about his acceptance of her mother's death. It was shot/edited by Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig of Imatge Barcelona. The score was provided by GC Johnson of Acoustic Labs, and is currently representing the USA in the ...
"Through the Pane" to play London with Portobello Film Festival!
"Through the Pane" will play the Portobello Film Festival in London, UK on September 5th, 2016. Helmed by Dawn Westlake and based on a memoir chapter by her father Donald G. Westlake, "Through the Pane" was shot/edited by Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig and scored by Gregory Johnson of Acoustic Labs. Gregory was recently nominated for the Peer Raben Music Award for the film's score by SoundTrack_Cologne in Germany. For more info and to see a trailer: http://dawnwestlake.com/ronde...
"Through the Pane" accepted to FerFilm Fest in Kosovo!
"Through the Pane" will play the FerFilm Fest in Ferizaj, Kosovo from September 2-6, 2016. Helmed by Dawn Westlake and based on a memoir chapter by her father Donald G. Westlake, "Through the Pane" was shot/edited by Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig and scored by Gregory Johnson of Acoustic Labs. Gregory was recently nominated for the Peer Raben Music Award for the film's score by SoundTrack_Cologne in Germany. For more info and to see a trailer: http://dawnwestlake.com/rondecana/...
"Through the Pane" to play Flimmer Film Fest in Sweden!
"Through the Pane" has been invited to screen at Flimmer Film Festival in Norrkopping, Sweden from September 30-October 9, 2016. This is the FIRST time in the 16-year filmmaking career of helmer Dawn Westlake that a film of hers has been screened in Sweden! Based on the memoir chapter written by Westlake's father of his acceptance of her mother's death, "Through the Pane" has now been invited to 24 festivals and has won Best Director and Best Documentary awards in Sp...
Peer Raben Music Award nomination for "Through the Pane"!
GC Johnson of Acoustic Labs has been nominated for the Peer Raben Music Award from SoundTrack_Cologne in Koln, Germany for his score for "Through the Pane". The film will be presented at SoundTrack_Cologne on August 27, 2016. Helmed and written by Dawn Westlake, the film is based on the memoir chapter of her father, Donald G. Westlake, about his acceptance of the death of her mother. Donald & Helen Gum Westlake were very happily married for 62 years. GC Johnson's tracks were ...
"Through the Pane" to play Video Festival VIDEOMEDEJA!
"Through the Pane" has been selected to the 20th International Video Festival VIDEOMEDEJA that takes place in the Museum of Contemporary Art of Vojvodina, in Novi Sad, Serbia from October 21st - 23rd, 2016. Based on the memoir chapter by Donald G. Westlake about his acceptance of his wife's death, the film was helmed by his daughter, Dawn Westlake. Pol Carrizo-Vilarroig of ImatgeBarcelona filmed/edited and provided visual effects. GC Johnson of Acoustic Labs provided an original g...
Beyond Borders Doc Fest : our vision
International Documentary Festival «Beyond Borders» calling
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Full list of the Irish family history records
The Index to the Dublin City Census 1851
Using the Irish records
Churches & Religion
Institutions & Organisations
Irish Newspaper Collection
Life Events (Birth, Marriage, Death)
Military Service & Conflict
Newspapers, Directories & Social History
Records in this collection
1831 Tithe Defaulters
Cork, Pobble O'Keefe census 1830-1852
Dublin City Census 1901: Rotunda Ward
Dublin electoral rolls
Estate Commissioners Offices, Applications from Evicted Tenants, 1907
Griffith's Survey Maps & Plans, 1847-1864
Griffith's Valuation
Ireland Census 1821-1851
Ireland Census 1911
Ireland Down Ballyroney Presbyterian burial plots, 1895
Ireland Valuation Office books
Ireland, Clare Electoral Registers
Irish Army Census 1922
Irish Census Search Forms 1841 & 1851
Landed Estates Court Rentals 1850-1885
Reports from Committees, Fictitious Votes (Ireland), Select Committee on Fictitious Votes, 1837-1838
The Census of Elphin 1749
Waterford registers and records
The Index to the 1851 Dublin census is an excellent source for anyone researching Dublin city during the mid-nineteenth century. Providing the names and addresses of approximately 59,000 heads of household, it was compiled by Dr D A Chart around 1910 using the original 1851 census returns.
The 1901 and 1911 censuses are the only complete surviving census returns for Ireland; those compiled between 1813 – 1891 were either destroyed by government order, or during the civil war in 1922, leaving researchers of nineteenth century Ireland reliant on 'census substitutes.'
Two commonly used census substitutes are Griffith’s Valuation and the Tithe Applotment Books – official documents recording the value of land or property held by individuals for the purposes of taxation. These work well as substitutes where there is one family per property and where the family resides at that property, which was generally the case in rural areas. However, they don’t document the residence of the individual which is problematic for the researcher of urban areas, particularly Dublin City, where it was common for people to live in tenements – buildings divided into apartments with two or more families per property. In these cases, sources such as Griffith’s Valuation only mention one main occupier (the official rate payer), so it is impossible to know all the families that lived in a particular building.
Dr D A Chart’s index of heads of households in Dublin City, 1851 is therefore an extremely valuable source to the researcher of individuals living in Dublin in the mid-nineteenth century. Listing the names of the heads of each distinct household, it provides the searcher with far more information than could be gleaned from Griffith’s Valuation which was published within the same period.
The index is based on information extracted from the 1851 census which was conducted on 30th March 1851, with policemen acting as enumerators. The catalogue, prepared by Dr Chart, was subsequently used not just by historians and genealogists; it was also helpful in substantiating old age pension applications where the birth records were inadequate. This semi-official use of the index is referred to in the 47 PRO DK Report of 1915 which states that "the census returns of 1851 have been useful in furnishing proof of age".
Dr Chart’s index was handwritten, and consists of two hardbound volumes: North Dublin City and South Dublin City. The index is held in the National Archives of Ireland (CEN 1851/18/1-2). Chart created the indexes by extracting information from Form B of the 1851 census, and arranging it by Civil Parish. He listed each street located in that civil parish, and then the name of each householder in that street. So, anyone using the original indexes would have to have an idea of the street in which the individual they were researching lived, or else go through all 60,000 entries trying to find it. Also, the volumes themselves are in a relatively poor condition; the spine of the Dublin South volume is damaged and some of the pages within it are loose.
Seán Magee developed the online version of the index which is easier to use than the original. It also ensures that further damage to the original index will be avoided.
What information is included in the Index?
all heads of household
where a head of household is absent, another family member is also mentioned
people working in key Dublin institutions. These include hospitals (The Rotunda, Meath and Richmond); barracks (the Royal, Richmond and Arbour Hill); prisons (the Richmond Bridewell and Grangegorman); workhouses;the Bank of Ireland; Trinity College Dublin; the Royal Dublin Society; the Dublin House of Industry and Jury’s Hotel
Which areas of Dublin are covered?
The index covers 21 civil parishes within central Dublin:
South Dublin Parishes (33,565 entries – 56.9% of population)St. AudeonSt. AndrewSt. AnneSt. BridgetSt. CatherineSt. JamesSt. JohnSt. LukeSt. MarkSt. MichaelSt. Nicholas WithinSt. Nicholas WithoutSt. Patrick's DeanerySt. PeterSt. WerburghNorth Dublin Parishes (25,429 entries – 43.1% of population)St. GeorgeSt. MarySt. MichanSt. PaulSt. ThomasGrange Gorman
Interpreting information in the census
It is interesting to note that family members who were absent that day were still included in the census; the heads of 91 households are described as ‘absent’ or ‘away’ at the time. In a third of such cases, a woman’s name has been provided in the index, either a wife or a female relative.
Others are described as ‘gone away’ which is a much broader term – it can refer to people who have emigrated, moved to the Poorhouse or gone to sea.
'Removed' is yet another term you might come across, and which was used even more ambiguously – it could refer to a change of address, emigration or admittance to hospital, for instance. Such information can be useful if you are tracing a family that emigrated around this time.
Particularly significant is the fact that 26.3% of households (15,500 households) recorded a female head. This figure includes the small number of cases where the husband was absent. This suggests that in mid-19th century Dublin, women had a relative amount of economic freedom, though the destruction of the census means that it is impossible to tell what percentage of these women worked for a living.
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Full list of United States records
Minnesota State Census 1895
1840 United States census, Revolutionary War veterans
1890 U.S. Census, Civil War Union Veterans and Widows
Alabama State Census 1855
California Great Registers 1866-1910
California State Census 1852
Colorado State Census 1885
Florida State Census 1935
Minnesota Territorial Census 1857
South Carolina, legislative papers 1782-1929
South Carolina, plats for state land grants 1784-1868
South Dakota State Census 1905
US Census 1850 Mortality Schedule
US Census 1850 Slave Schedule
US Census 1930 Merchant Seamen schedule
US Census 1940 (Free Access)
Discover your ancestors from Minnesota today by searching through more than 500,000 names in the Minnesota State Census, recorded June 1, 1895. Find out where your ancestor was residing during America’s Progressive Era. The records will tell your ancestor’s ethnicity, birth year, birth place and residence.
Each record includes a transcript created from information found in the original records. The amount of detail in each record can vary but most will include a combination of the following information:
Page and line number
Discover more about Minnesota State Census 1895
The Minnesota State Census was recorded on June 1, 1895. At this time the President of the United States was Grover Cleveland. America was at the beginning of what is now known as the Progressive Era - a time period marked by social activism and political reform. The nation was disturbed by the corruption of the Gilded Age. The era also saw the rise of new political parties. One of these parties was the Populist Party.
Ignatius Donnelly
One of the founding members of the Populist Party was Ignatius Donnelly, who is found in the census residing in Nininger Township. Donnelly was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but moved out to Minnesota in 1857 to expand his law practice. He allied with John Nininger to establish a new town, Nininger Township on the Mississippi River during the land boom. But the pair became victims of the Panic of 1857 and the town collapsed, but Donnelly continued to live there.
Donnelly began his political career as the Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota from 1860 until 1863. Donnelly was also elected to Congress from 1863 until 1868 and then the State Senate from 1874 until 1878. During his political career he moved between all the political parties until he became a founding member of the Populist Party. He protested against corruption and called for more government regulation of industry.
Donnelly published a number of books on topics of science and history; such as Atlantis: The Antediluvian World and The Great Cryptogram: Francis Bacon’s Cipher in the So-Called Shakespeare’s Plays. Ignatius Donnelly died just after midnight on January 1, 1901 after suffering a stroke during a campaign speech for the vice-presidency.
Three years after the Minnesota State Census of 1895 the Spanish-American War broke out. On April 29, 1898 President McKinley requested volunteer troops from every state. Minnesota had the largest number of volunteers and quickly filled its state’s quota by May 7th. The state raised three regiments, the 12th, 13th and 14th with companies from Minneapolis, St. Paul, Red Wing, Stillwater and St. Cloud. The 13th regiment was sent to the Philippines to fight the Spanish. For many of the volunteer soldiers it was the first time they saw an ocean. The Minnesotans saw the worst of fighting and suffered the highest number of casualties of all the other regiments combined. The regiment remained in the Philippines for a time after the war. When they returned home President McKinley was among the thousands to welcome home the troops.
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The John Paul II difference in 1989
Twenty-five years ago, on Jan. 27, 1989, a joint statement from the communist government of Poland, the Solidarity trade union, and the Catholic Church announced a national “Roundtable” to discuss the country’s future, including major structural issues of political and economic reform. The Roundtable began the following month; basic agreements were reached in April; partially-free elections, swept by Solidarity candidates, were held in June; and in September, a Solidarity leader, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, became Poland’s first non-communist prime minister since World War II.
Poland was the first of the Warsaw Pact dominos to fall. Its transition accelerated the Revolution of 1989, which was completed in late December 1989 with the swearing-in of Vaclav Havel, a political prisoner earlier in the year, as president of Czechoslovakia.
Over the past quarter-century, various theorists have tried to explain “1989,” typically focusing on the economic incapacities of communist regimes in the post-industrial age, the personality of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, or some combination of these two factors. No doubt the inability of state-centered, command economies to compete in a high-tech world had something to do with “1989”: so did the fact that Gorbachev, who came from a different generation of Soviet leaders, was unwilling to roll the tanks to maintain Stalin’s external empire. But to leave the analysis with economics and Gorbachev seems to ignore the larger historical question: Why did “1989” not involve massive bloodshed and violence, the usual twentieth-century methods of effecting vast social change?
Let me suggest, once more, an answer.
Beginning with the 1992 publication of The Final Revolution, I have been arguing that “1989” was, at bottom, a revolution of conscience—a revolution of the human spirit. The essential character of that moral revolution was captured by Polish dissident Adam Michnik in a historical judgment that was also the ethical foundation of a political program: “People who begin by storming Bastilles end up building their own.” The leaders of “1989,” in other words, were determined that “1989” would not be a re-run of 1789. They wanted to build a future of freedom on a nobler foundation than the French revolutionary assertion of radical personal willfulness— which, after the real Bastille had been stormed, quickly turned into radical mob-led bloody-mindedness.
And from whence did that determination-to-be-different come? It came from many sources. It came from years of serious political reflection by dissidents from the working classes and the central European intelligentsia, much of it carried out in prisons and expressed in underground classics like Michnik’s “Letter from the Gdansk Prison, 1985” and Havel’s magnificent essay, “The Power of the Powerless.” It came from the interaction of these dissidents, their organizations, and the various Helsinki Watch Groups that were established in the North Atlantic world to monitor communist regimes’ adherence to the 1976 Helsinki Accords: a cynical act of diplomatic mendacity by which the Soviet Union and its satellites committed themselves to honor basic human rights, and a folly they would come to bitterly regret. It came from an American president, Ronald Reagan, who was prepared to call political and social evil by its right name, whatever the proponents of quiet diplomacy thought.
And it came from Pope John Paul II, who will be canonized precisely three months after the 25th anniversary of the announcement of the Polish Roundtable.
Moral revolution—a revolution of conscience—had been stirring in central and eastern Europe since 1968, when the Prague Spring was crushed by Soviet tanks. As archbishop of Cracow, the man who would become John Paul II fostered that revolution by bringing together religious and secular dissidents of moral seriousness. Then, as pope, John Paul focused that intensifying but still latent moral energy, somewhat like a laser, into a sharp, bright beam of conscience during his June 1979 pilgrimage to his native Poland, where he helped people of east-central Europe rediscover their dignity.
Communism would have fallen, eventually. That it fell when it did, and how it did, cannot be explained without reference to John Paul II and the revolution of conscience he came to embody.
George Weigel is Distinguished Senior Fellow of Washington’s Ethics and Public Policy Center. His previous articles can be found here.
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Dunwich: East Anglia’s Atlantis
Dunwich is half the town it used to be. Literally. Although if you go by population figures, then it’s actually a sixteenth of the size it was in 1086 (thank you Doomsday book).
Dunwich village: the part that isn't in the sea
When I was a child, my Lowestoft-born grandfather would say: “Listen carefully, and you can still hear the old church bells toll from their watery grave.” Although he was usually off his head on a combination of Brylcreem fumes and full-sugar ginger beer, so you couldn’t always trust what he said.
At one-point Dunwich rivalled London as England’s most important port, which is hard to imagine when you walk through the idyllic Suffolk village these days. There’s not a Nando’s in sight. But back in the day it was a bustling port, exporting wool and grain and importing fish, fur, timber, cloth and wine. It was also famous for its shipbuilding industry – so much so that in 1229, King Henry III put in an order for 40 ships so he could go and fight the French – like you did back in those days.
During the Anglo-Saxon period (500AD to 918AD), Dunwich was the capital of the Kingdom of the Angles, until the Angles were incorporated into the Kingdom of England in 918. However, the town really rose to prominence following the Norman invasion.
Unfortunately for Dunwich (and the east coast in general), it was battered by major storm after major storm, every year for decades during the 13th and 14th centuries. These storms have been compared to the ones which hit the south-west in 2013-14. Sadly, for the medieval denizens of Dunwich, neither David Cameron nor Nigel Farage were around to don wellies and Barbour jackets and wade around looking indifferent, as people’s homes and livelihoods floated past.
Some of the houses in Dunwich are beautiful
East Anglia has been plagued by the threat of erosion ever since the planet warmed up and sea levels rose at the end of the last ice age. Much of its coastline is comprised of glacial till, which is very easily eroded by the action of the sea (particularly during stormy conditions). However, it wasn’t just erosion that did for Dunwich; over the course of the fourteenth century, the River Dunwich permanently changed its course, significantly impacting the transportation of goods in and out of the town. The final nail in the coffin came in 1328, when a fierce storm moved so much shingle it blocked the harbour; leading to economic disaster as shipping, trade and ultimately people, moved elsewhere.
In its heyday, Dunwich had ten churches, a small monastery, two friaries, two hospitals and a House of the Knights Templar (a Catholic military order founded in 1119). All that remains now, aside from the village itself, are the ruins of the thirteenth century priory and leper hospital. St. James’s Church looks like a typical, medieval East Anglian church; however, it was actually built in 1832 – so don’t be fooled!
A view without a room - the ruins of Greyfriars Priory
Dunwich is a lovely village, with access to a fantastic beach (although be warned: it is stoney!). There are some great cafés and a pub – plus it has a small museum which is open everyday except Mondays and Tuesdays. You can enjoy a walk around the priory ruins and nearby forest.
Dunwich Beach - look out for the stones - ouch!
Dunwich was also a filming location for the BBC’s 1968 adaptation of M. R. James’s Whistle, and I’ll Come to You. The hotel where Professor Parkin stayed is now part of Cliff House Holiday Park. You can stay there too and imagine that you are an elderly academic being haunted by a spectre that you evoked by blowing on a strange bone whistle. Have fun!
Eight places you need to visit in Liverpool
Have you visited these nine must-see places in York?
How is this Suffolk village linked to the famous Kennedy curse?
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Lyle Thompson leads the NLL leaderboards in his sophomore campaign
Photo Credit: Kyle Hess
Lyle Thompson, No. 4, has taken the NLL world by storm with his impressive sophomore campaign. The 24 year-old leads the entire NLL in points with 59 (25G, 34A), tied for first in goals for and sits in third for assists. Lyle was drafted with high expectations, and it’s completely fair to say he may be exceeding them.
After a weekend of setting a new career-high in single-game goals (6) and matching his personal best in assists the game before (8), the Onondaga Nation native was all smiles and confidence after Georgia’s 15-9 victory over the Rochester Knighthawks on Feb. 19.
“When you get a feel for it and your teammates are telling each other to get me the ball,” Lyle said after the game Sunday, “that puts a lot of confidence in yourself and – I wouldn’t say pressure because confidence is a huge thing – but I try to be both. I like to be someone who can go to the net and score if a team’s not respecting my ability to score, and if a team’s overplaying that, that’s when I start feeding the ball.”
During his rookie campaign, the 2015 NLL No. 1 overall draft pick finished with 60 points (27G, 33A) in 18 games, scoring two game-winning goals. 17 of his points were from power plays (7PPG, 10PPA). He also collected 81 loose balls and caused 12 turnovers. By the end of the 2016 season, Lyle had 103 shots-on-goal (SOG) and a .180 shooting percentage (SPCT) while going 18-for-33 on faceoffs. He was one of four Georgia players to be named to the 2016 All-Rookie Team, a collection of the six best rookies across the NLL. Lyle tied with Calgary’s Dane Dobbie and Vancouver’s Garrett Billings for 30th in the NLL in points.
Eight games into his sophomore season and Lyle already has or is on pace to eclipse his own rookie records. Helping lead Georgia to a 7-1 record, he takes a bye week one point short of his entire 2016 total. Lyle’s other stats in comparison to himself and the rest of the NLL leaders:
Has 21 power play points (5PPG, 16PPA). No other player in the league has as many power play assists as Lyle.
Already has two game-winning goals. Of the top 100 scoring players in the NLL, only Calgary’s Tyler Digby (tied for 35th overall) and Saskatchewan’s Jeff Cornwall (tied at 64th overall) can claim to have as many GWGs.
Has four shorthand points (3SHG, 1SHA). Out of the top 100 scoring players in the league, the next closest are four players with two, one of which is Georgia’s very own assistant captain Shayne Jackson (16th overall).
Collected 60 loose balls. To find a player with more, you have to go down the scoring leaderboard all the way to 75th and find New England’s Jay Thorimbert and his 83 loose balls gathered.
Has 77 SOG and a .240 SPCT. Go down the leaderboard. Nobody’s close.
Already 20-for-37 on faceoffs. Nobody in the top 40 has close to the amount of faceoffs or wins that Lyle has.
Lyle also leads the league in the 3 Star Leaders category with 20 points (three 1st star wins, one 2nd star win, two 3rd star wins). These are awarded to the top three players of each game. Lyle has dominated the rankings in Georgia’s matchups, placing in 75% of the games played and earning top honors in three of the games.
“Lyle’s really continued on from where he ended last year,” offensive coach Dan Ladouceur said later in the week. “That was a big hope for the coaching staff that he would hit the ground running, and he has. We’re very happy with the leadership role he’s taking on. He’s more vocal. He’s talking more to the guys about the offense and having input. For our part, it’s very refreshing.”
Refreshing as it may be for the Swarm coaches, exciting is what it is for the Swarm franchise and its fanbase. With his brother Miles and Jerome Thompson on the floor with him, the Thompson Brothers started off the season against the Saskatchewan Rush by setting a Guinness World Record when visiting brother Jeremy played, too. This occasion marked the first time four brothers had ever played in the same game in professional lacrosse.
Whether he’s recording eight assists in a game or getting the socktrick (six goals in a game), he’s a constant offensive threat playing his heart out every time he steps on the floor.
Captain Jordan MacIntosh: “A lot of people have elevated their game this year. Obviously for starters, Lyle. He’s at 59 points now, and last year he had 60. I was teasing him the other day, saying, ‘Hey, Lyle, what the heck were you doing last year?’ Basically, he’s been phenomenal.”
Assistant captain Shayne Jackson: “Lyle’s been just killing it this whole season. The past three games, he’s really stepped up to the plate.”
Goalie Mike Poulin: (Talking about the player’s reaching their potential) “Lyle’s a classic example. You know guys with 60 points in 18 games. When we talk about reaching our potential, now he’s got 59 points in eight games. He’s a prime example of a guy who’s come into his own.”
Assistant coach Sean Ferris: “Lyle Thompson, the No. 1 overall pick, he’s come into his own. Kudos (GM and owner) John Arlotta for taking him first overall. He’s been a treat to watch, been awesome. He’s done everything for us this year: scored five-on-five; scored power plays; he’s scored three man-short goals; played on a man-short, scored a goal, then went on the faceoff team. He’s a complete player … Lyle’s really come into his own this year.”
Georgia will take to the road next week for two games. The team visits Scotiabank Saddledome to take on the Calgary Roughnecks Saturday, Mar. 4. Faceoff is set for 9:00 p.m. ET. The Swarm then travels to Mohegan Sun Arena to take on division rival New England for the third time this season on Sunday, Mar. 12. Faceoff is set for 1:00 p.m. ET. Fans can catch both games LIVE via NLLTV.com
Georgia returns to The Hive for a rematch against Calgary on Friday, Mar. 17. Faceoff is set for 7:35 p.m. ET. Tickets are available by calling 844-4-GASWARM or by visiting GeorgiaSwarm.com/SingleGame.
October 28, 2020 National Lacrosse League plans to begin its 35th season; NLL Face-Off Weekend... National Lacrosse League plans to begin its 35...
October 22, 2020 Swarm extend coaches Ed Comeau and Sean Ferris’s contracts through 2023 Swarm extend coaches Ed Comeau and Sean Ferris...
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Schirn Art Hall Frankfurt
Modern art at its best at the Schirn Art Hall in Frankfurt am Main.
The Schirn building itself is something of a modern work of art in the heart of Frankfurt's Old Town with its light, angular design nestled between the distinguished red sandstone cathedral and the Römer old town hall. The art gallery is located at the heart of the city as an important focal point in Frankfurt's cultural life. It is also one of the most celebrated galleries in Germany and in Europe.
Schirn, the name of the gallery, is the Hessian word for "hut" or "shed", which belies its significance. Since opening in 1986, the Schirn has staged some 200 exhibitions. It has no collection of its own but organises temporary exhibitions and projects on selected themes or the work of individual artists. The themed exhibitions have made the most notable contribution to the gallery's international reputation, such as those offering an overview of Viennese Art Nouveau, Expressionism, Dadaism and Surrealism, the history of photography and subjects such as shopping – art and consumerism and the visual art of the Stalin era. Major solo exhibitions have honoured artists such as Wassily Kandinsky, Marc Chagall, Alberto Giacometti, Frida Kahlo, Bill Viola, Arnold Schönberg, Henri Matisse and Julian Schnabel. Taking a stance on topical themes and aspects of artistic creation can be said to be the Schirn's hallmark. It aims not only to engage visitors in a meaningful exhibition experience but also to encourage active participation in the cultural discussion.
www.schirn.de
Constance: the beautiful lakeside city
Dresden: synonymous with culture
Düsseldorf: Live close, feel free
Erfurt: where beauty meets confidence
The Ruhrgebiet: from industrial region to cultural melting pot
Hamburg: a maritime metropolis that leaves you wanting more
Hamelin: a place with a love-hate relationship with rats
A city on the river and a beloved maiden: Heilbronn
In the heart of the Allgäu with an eventful past: Kempten
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Is The President An “Essential” Worker?
...if the President knowingly fails to “take Care that...the Laws be faithfully executed” when rogue public officials and bureaucrats force dissenting doctors to commit medical malpractice on their helpless patients, is it not arguable that he is entirely a “non-essential worker”?
During the course of the “covid-19” panic, masses of hot air, typescript, and electrons have been expended on what workers are, or are not, “essential”. On the one hand, in society’s estimation each and every worker in the free-market economy is “essential” in his particular job—otherwise, he would not be employed.
On the other hand, from each individual’s perspective, his own employment is “essential” in order to meet his needs as well as the needs of others who depend upon him. Apparently, all too many elected public officials, bureaucrats, and judges imagine that, not only are they “essential” workers, but also they are licensed to determine which individuals in the private economy are “essential” workers whom they will allow to continue to work during the panic, and which individuals are “non-essential” workers whom they will prohibit from working through threats and even the imposition of fines and imprisonment. But average Americans entertain rather negative opinions as to whether many (if not most) politicians, public officials, bureaucrats, and judges are themselves “essential” workers (or even actual workers, as opposed to parasites).
Beyond dispute, though, is that any individual who is not performing his job is, to the extent of his dereliction of duty, a “non-essential” worker (because, of course, to that extent, he is not working at all).
What about the President of the United States? The key inquiry is: “What is his job?” Article II, Section 1, Clause 1 of the Constitution provides that “[t]he executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.” Thus, the President’s overall job is to employ “[t]he executive Power” for constitutional purposes—for, perforce of Article II, Section 1, Clause 7 of the Constitution, the President “‘solemnly swear[s] (or affirm[s]) that [he] will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of [his] Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” Of most consequence, Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution prescribes that “he [that is, the President] shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed”. If the President does not “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed”, to that extent he is not exercising “[t]he executive Power” and is not “preserv[ing], protect[ing] and defend[ing] the Constitution”. Thus, the President is an “essential” worker insofar as he performs his duty to “take Care”, and a “non-essential” worker insofar as he does not.
The “covid-19” panic presents numerous instances which raise the question of whether, to one degree or another, the President is proving himself to be an “essential”, or a “non-essential”, worker.
For purposes of a simple, yet highly important, illustration of the problem, consider the following set of questions, as to which the present author will remain noncommittal—leaving each reader to do his own research and supply his own answers:
Is there credible evidence that, under the right circumstances, “covid-19” infections can be cured, and in a significant number of cases have been cured, through administration of a combination of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and zinc sulphate (“HAZ”)?
Is there credible evidence that certain officials in certain States have actually prohibited duly accredited and licensed medical doctors from administering HAZ to patients infected with “covid-19”, even though: (i) those doctors in their professional opinions considered such treatment to be necessary; (ii) those patients gave their informed consent to such treatment; and (iii) those officials knew or should have known of the effectiveness of HAZ, or were willfully blind or recklessly indifferent as to its efficacy?
Is there credible evidence that public-health officials at various levels of the federal system have coerced, threatened, intimidated, or otherwise pressured or improperly influenced doctors not to administer HAZ to their patients infected with “covid-19”, even though: (i) those doctors in their professional opinions considered such treatment to be necessary; (ii) those patients gave their informed consent to such treatment; and (iii) those officials knew or should have known of the effectiveness of HAZ, or were willfully blind or recklessly indifferent as to its efficacy?
Is there credible evidence that, as a result of such prohibitions, coercion, threats, intimidation, or other pressure or improper influence directed against those doctors, (i) those doctors have been prevented or deterred from practicing their professions in what in their professional opinions they considered to be the best interests of their patients; (ii) some of those doctors’ patients infected with “covid 19” have suffered more severely than they would have if they had been treated with HAZ; and (iii) some of those doctors’ patients infected with“covid-19” have died because they were not treated with HAZ?
Is there a sound legal argument that, under the foregoing circumstances, both the doctors and their patients have been deprived of constitutional and civil rights by persons in public office acting under color of law? And do these constitutional and civil rights include: (i) in the case of the doctors, the “liberty” to practice medicine according to their professional discretion in the best interests of their patients and without outside interference; (ii) in the case of all of the patients, the “liberty” to choose which medical treatments to accept or to reject (in the popular phrase “the right to control their own bodies” as their own “property”); (iii) in the case of some of the patients the right to “life” unburdened by needless suffering; and (iv) in the case of other patients the right to “life” itself?
Do Sections 241 and 242 of Title 18 of the United States Code impose criminal sanctions on persons who, acting under color of law, deprive others of such constitutional or civil rights, whether intentionally or with willful blindness or reckless indifference towards those others’ interests?
If credible evidence and a sound legal argument exist with respect to the matters set out in Questions 1 through 6, should the President, in fulfillment of his duty to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed”, direct the Department of Justice (including the FBI) to conduct an immediate and thorough investigation of those public officials who prohibited doctors from administering HAZ to their patients or who coerced, threatened, intimidated, or otherwise pressured or improperly influenced doctors not to administer HAZ to their patients? And if the President, in the exercise of prudence, ought not to rely on the Department of Justice to conduct such an investigation, should he appoint for that purpose a special commission composed of suitably qualified scientific and legal experts, forensic investigators, and knowledgeable laymen who are citizens of the United States and completely independent of (i) the governments of the United States, of every State, and of every foreign nation; (ii) the World Health Organization, the United Nations, and every other international organization; (iii) every domestic or foreign pharmaceutical company; and (iv) every other private corporation, and every foundation, charity, philanthropic institution, and other non-governmental organization which provides financial or other support for work in any manner related to the prevention of or treatments for “covid-19” or like infections, whether by means of drugs, vaccinations, or other modalities?
If, notwithstanding credible evidence and a sound legal argument for the matters set out in Questions 1 through 6, and notwithstanding his constitutional duty to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed”, the President neglects, fails, or refuses either to direct the Department of Justice or to appoint a special commission to conduct such an investigation, should he be deemed to be, to that extent, a “non-essential” worker? Indeed, if the President knowingly fails to “take Care that [some of] the Laws be faithfully executed” when rogue public officials and bureaucrats force dissenting doctors to commit medical malpractice on their helpless patients, is it not arguable that he is entirely a “non-essential worker”? For his duty “to the best of [his] Ability, [to] preserve, protect and defend the Constitution” is comprehensive and indivisible. It cannot be fulfilled when it is performed only as to one part, while being evaded as to another part.
Of course, even with respect to “tak[ing] Care that the Laws be faithfully executed”, the President must rely to some degree on his advisors. In the final analysis, however, he and no one else is responsible for the choice of his advisors, and for adherence to their advice. As Harry Truman rightly observed with respect to the President’s desk in the Oval Office, “the buck stops here”, because from that place it cannot be passed to anyone else.
When he starred in show business, the President became famous for the line: “You’re fired!”
The old saying that “there’s no business like show business” is not true, though. Show business pales in comparison to the constitutional business of “tak[ing] Care that the Laws be faithfully executed”. If the President proves himself to be a “non-essential” worker with respect to this most essential of his constitutional duties during this most trying time, is “You’re fired!” not what voters might say to him this coming November?
by Dr. Edwin Vieira, Ph.D., JD
© 2020 Edwin Vieira – All Rights Reserved
E-Mail Edwin Vieira: [email protected]
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Shopping in the UK – Supermarkets
by Emma Morley | Mar 15, 2017 | Relocating to the UK | 0 comments
Supermarkets are big in the UK – both in terms of size and importance. There are supermarkets on most high streets, but it is the edge of town stores that are most popular and contain the massive range of products we love. We tend to either drive to the bigger stores, or order online and get our groceries delivered – the delivery option is becoming more and more popular, especially for flat dwellers with a few flights of stairs to climb and parking issues!
There are a few companies from which to choose – all have a slightly different brand image and price band. If you want to know where to head to do your shopping, the following information might help you decide which of the major chains will suit you best:
By far the biggest of them all. The company was one of the first major food retailers to introduce online shopping. You can choose your groceries from the online virtual store and arrange next day delivery for £5. Their website offers many other services too – from Tesco Direct which is their non food arm, covering everything from electricals to DIY, through to Tesco Bank which includes savings accounts and travel insurance, amongst many other things.
There are a few different formats of stores: Tesco Express which are small, urban outlets often connected to a petrol filling station or in a high street. These stores offer a wide range of products but specialise in convenience foods and is the ideal place to fetch that midweek pint of milk when you run out. The Metro is the next size up and the ranges are a little bigger, these are found in high streets across the country. The superstores are bigger still, these are usually placed in out of town locations and the Extra stores are the biggest of them all. Again, in out of town locations where there is enough land to build them, these gigantic warehouse type structures contain everything you might need.
Tesco has a loyalty card – Tesco Clubcard – where you can earn points on every pound you spend. These points can be redeemed on further purchases at both Tesco and their affiliate companies:
www.tesco.com
Sainsbury‘s has held a reputation for being a middle class supermarket and until recently has been favoured for the quality of its products rather than the value of them, although this has changed over the past few years and they have become more competitive on price. This is probably because the group has lost significant market share over the past couple of decades mainly to its closest rival, Tesco. Sainsbury’s have been opening smaller stores on the high street over the last ten years and has convenience stores in many towns as well as large out of town superstores. Their online shopping attempts to rival that of Tesco and has a similar array of products.
Sainsbury’s also has a loyalty card – Nectar card – where you can earn points on everything you spend – these points can be redeemed on all manner of products and services, a bit like the Tesco Clubcard.
http://www.sainsburys.co.uk
Founded in 1965, it is one of the new kids on the block compared to the other supermarket chains in the UK. It was taken over by Walmart in 1999 and is now the second largest supermarket chain in the country, after Tesco.
It tries to compete in terms of range and services as the others, but Asda has built a reputation for “piling them high and selling them cheap” and are often perceived as a value end retailer – not necessarily focusing on a quality product, rather low prices and high volume. Like Tesco and Sainsbury’s, they will deliver groceries to your door.
http://www.asda.co.uk/
This traditionally based supermarket chain has expanded massively in the past decade, mostly due to its takeover of the UK arm of another chain – Safeway. It is still the smallest of the big four supermarkets but it has the fastest growth of its rivals. Its traditional reputation as a volume retailer built on value for money is now being replaced in its marketing by its reputation for selling fresh foods made onsite.
http://www.morrisons.co.uk/
Undeniably middle class, Waitrose prides itself on very high quality, their tagline being “Quality Food Honestly Priced”. Britain is an increasing nation of foodies and Waitrose is favoured because of it’s wide range of unusual and high end lines. This is not a PLC, it is a company owned by the staff who call themselves “partners”. It’s part of the John Lewis pertnership and has a reputation for looking after its staff and it’s enviable ethical record.
http://www.waitrose.com/
A British institution as far as shops are concerned. Famous worldwide for it’s knickers and socks, M&S as we call it holds a very special place in the hearts of us Brits, The first retailer to introduce quality ready meals into its stores, and famed for its sandwiches, it has a reputation for selling high quality food. They used to sell only their own branded products, but have recently been introducing some key branded products too.
M&S now have a growing chain of food only stores called “Simply Food” which are dotted about the place on high streets, in motorway service stations, hospitals and train stations. They don’t provide the same online grocery shopping/delivery service as the others, although you can order a limited amount of other products online:
http://www.marksandspencer.com/
This was the very first retail company in Britain. The Co-op is a group of retail societies run for the benefit of its members. It has a reputation as an ethical company and has Fair Trade guarantees with its suppliers. Not as widespread as the others, and seem to have been suffering over the past decade as the other chains have grown:
http://www.co-operative.coop
Aldi and Lidl
These are a couple of new kids on the block. They came to the UK from Germany in the nineties and have become very popular over recent years with their focus on the no frills, value end of the market. Specialising in staple items, such as food, beverages, toilet paper, and other inexpensive household products, many of its range are own label, with the number of other brands usually limited to a maximum of two for a given item.
https://www.aldi.co.uk/
https://www.lidl.co.uk
The Lowdown on UK Schools
What makes Britain great #18
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Corporate view of Relocation
DIY Relocation
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Relocating to the UK
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What Makes Britain Great
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Love shown by trip to Japanese Budo master
Published: 10:00 AM March 27, 2009 Updated: 5:45 PM December 11, 2020
A BRIXINGTON mum-of-three suffering with multiple sclerosis since the age of 16, has thanked her husband carer for his love and support by sending him on a two-week trip to Japan so he could set up a martial arts school back in Exmouth.
A BRIXINGTON mum-of-three suffering with multiple sclerosis since the age of 16, has thanked her husband carer for his love and support by sending him on a two-week trip to Japan so he could set up a martial arts school back in Exmouth.Amanda Martin, 44, of Fraser Road, and her daughter Jessica, 17, secretly wrote to charity Dream-A-Way and the Multiple Sclerosis Society so martial arts enthusiast and full-time carer Nigel, 40, could train in Budo taijutsu, or ninjutso. Keen footballer Jessica said: "We did it for my dad because of what he does for my mum - and they deserved a holiday on their own." On the couple's return from Noda, north of Tokyo, where Nigel trained with the 34th grand master Masaaki Hatsumi, the Exmouth dad and fellow 5th Dan Tracy Adams opened the Budo Warriors School, which is held at 7pm-8.30pm, every Monday in gym 5, at Exmouth Community College's Gypsy Lane site. The classes are �4 for adults and �3 for children, with the first lesson free.Nigel and Tracy - one of just five females nationwide to hold the 5th Dan belt - now run a non-profit making club, passing on their skills to youngsters and adults.Nigel, who met Amanda in Samantha's night club, said the group will also teach students about the Japanese culture. He said: "We want to keep the cost low so it's affordable for the community. We hope to get sponsorship to buy things the group needs, like mats." Nigel and wheelchair bound Amanda, who have been married for 21 years, said they were touched by the Japanese culture and kindness during their fortnight away.So taken were they by the Japanese way of life, they hope to one day make a return visit."They were like my second family," said Nigel, whose interest in martial arts began when he was 12 years old. "People were so friendly and everyone was taking an interest in Amanda."People almost went out of their way to do things for us."The training was unbelievable. It was hard work, but it was worth it. Training with the grand master was mind-blowing."Tracy and I have both still got 10 grades to go. We are martial arts practitioners and still learning. We are just passing on what we know."If you would like to join the club, or become a sponsor, contact Mr Martin on 07803127107.
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Ribbon cut on wards
Published: 9:25 AM May 29, 2009 Updated: 6:08 PM December 11, 2020
THE �52,016 makeover of two wards in Budleigh Salterton Hospital has been completed, and will help patient welfare say the League of Friends.
THE �52,016 makeover of two wards in Budleigh Salterton Hospital has been completed, and will help patient welfare say the League of Friends.The Nuttall and Jubilee single-bedded wards have been completely redesigned to provide a palliative care ward, and an isolation ward - all paid for by contributions, legacies and fundraising efforts by the League of Friends. Both wards now have en-suite facilities, with extra ventilation and light, with beautiful views over the hospital garden - and even have extra space for friends and relatives of patients to stay overnight, if needed.The two wards were officially opened last Wednesday by Joyce Brown, a nurse at the hospital for 29 years - 10 of them as matron - and after her retirement, in 1990, she volunteered to oversee the start of the Day Unit, which is so valuable to the community.The new mayor, Courtney Richards, also helped with the opening.The project, say the League of Friends, will greatly enhance the service offered by the hospital, and Dr David Evans, chairman of the League of Friends said: "The immense success of this project was due to careful planning and co-operation between the doctors and nursing staff, the Devon PCT, the architects Peter Eardley and Stephen Hart, and the League of Friends."The League of Friends, together with the doctors and nursing staff, are delighted with the result. We invested �52,016 in this project, which will contribute to the comfort and welfare of patients for many years to come."At the opening of the two wards, Joyce reminded staff
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Increasing demand for elder care attracts investors and govt scrutiny
By Lu Yameng Source: Global Times Published: 2020/11/20 0:24:41
Senior residents spend leisure time outside in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu Province. File Photo: VCG
In China, which has a long tradition of home-based elderly care, visitors may be surprised to see five homes for senior citizens along a 500-meter stretch of Baisha Road in Changsha, Hunan Province.
"Baisha Road enjoys a good location with convenient public transportation. The Third Hospital of Changsha is also nearby," Hu Piaoxue, 27, told the Global Times.
Hu works for Zhaoxi Qingshanci Community Care Center, one of the five nursing homes. "Baisha Road is in the old town area of the city of Changsha, and a lot of elderly people live here," she said.
According to data released on the official website of National Bureau of Statistics, the number of people over the age of 65 reached 175.9 million in 2019, accounting for 12.56% of the country's overall population of 1.4 billion.
It's estimated the number of elderly will continue to grow. "During the 14th Five Year Plan [2021 - 2025], it is predicted that China's elderly population [over the age of 60] will exceed 300 million," Jia Weizhou, spokesperson of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, said at a regular press conference on Oct 23.
"We will see a surge in demand for elder-care as parents of the first generation of children born under the one-child family planning policy reach an advanced age in the next five to 10 years. The elderly care industry is facing big challenges," said Jia.
Increasing demand for elder care
China has nearly 220,000 elder-care service institutions and facilities at the end of June, and just over 7.9 million beds for the elderly. The number of elder-care facilities is growing 26.6 percent per year, and the number of beds for the elderly is increasing by just 7.7 percent, Jia said.
Chen Zhiping, chief of elder care under the Civil Affairs Bureau in Changsha's Tianxin district, told the Global Times that "there are 12 private and 2 public nursing homes in Tianxin district."
With so many elderly service institutes on one road, elderly people in surrounding communities can also ask for help from the nursing homes, Chen said. He explained that one nursing home, the BAP Nursing Hospital, can provide home-based care services for 2,000 to 5,000 elderly people in the neighborhood.
Lin Lezheng, a 93-year-old man living at Zhaoxi Qingshanci Community Care Center, worked as an architect before retiring from China Metallurgical Group Corporation 33 years ago. He now shares a 20-square-meter room with another resident.
"My son and daughter-in-law had hired a nurse to take care of me at home, but they still worried about me so I agreed to move to this nursing home," Lin told the Global Times. After his wife died four years ago and his son and daughter-in-law emigrated to Australia, Lin was alone most of the time before he moved into the nursing home.
"The nursing home seems to be an ideal place to live for old people. It feels like living in your own home. If there is any discomfort the staff will take care of you," said Lin. His son and daughter-in-law haven't been able to return to China because of the COVID-19 epidemic since September. "I am relying on the nursing home to take care of me."
Lack of professional staff
With increasing demand for elder care, the lack of professional staff has become more acute.
Peng Bowen, who is only 23 years old, is already the person in charge of the Zhaoxi Qingshanci Community Care Center on Baisha Road, which has 50 beds with 38 residents.
"Workers in the elderly care industry are generally younger, but many leave after working for one or two years in nursing homes, as salaries are too low to support their own families," Peng said.
Peng graduated just three years ago from Changsha Social Work College, majoring in elderly service and management. The college was the first in the country to offer a major in elder-care services in 1999.
"Most of my colleagues chose to work in elderly care centers as we want to bring some changes to this sector. Our salaries are very low, and our public image is not as high as a teacher's," said Peng.
Senior citizen Lin told the Global Times, "I think the care center should hire more professional talents."
Peng said he and his team, who are mostly young people of his age, have done a lot to improve the living condition, diet, and medical treatment of residents in his senior's home, but residents under their care still have complaints.
"They (the center) should invite experts on nutrition and food for the elderly, because sometimes the food is not suitable for us," said Lin.
"The main problem is attracting more people to work in nursing homes," Chen Zhiping told the Global Times.
Industry expecting for more regulation
The Chinese government has been putting greater emphasis on supervision of nursing homes and introducing measures to improve elderly care services. New measures on the management of nursing homes took effect on November 1, according to the official website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.
"The most urgent problem is that we need to set norms for those who establish nursing homes. Most nursing homes in Tianxin district don't have a fire safety license because of unclear ownership of the rented building," Chen said.
"There are a growing number of nursing homes in China, and more investors are looking at the elder-care industry, but the management of nursing homes is not that professional," Peng said.
Although the government provides subsidies for the construction and operation companies establishing nursing houses, profits are still low, Chen said.
"The elderly care industry is more like a livelihood industry, solving social and employment problems, and the government basically does not collect taxes from elderly nursing homes," Chen said.
"It was only when I came to work in the nursing home that I realized what care for elderly really means," Lin lamented. "It's a great benefit for the elderly to continue to interact with society, integrate into society and receive positive education. I really hope there can be greater focus on the elder-care industry," he said.
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Events, Sports, Things To Do 5
Cale Conley is One to Root for at Atlanta Motor Speedway
By Rick Limpert @RickRoswell · On February 27, 2015
Looking for a driver to root for this weekend as NASCAR invades Atlanta Motor Speedway for three big races?
Look no further than 22-year old, West Virginia native, Cale Conley.
I had a talk with Conley on Thursday night and he is bright, polite and determined.
This will be his first time participating in a race at Atlanta Motor Speedway.
“(Last year) I was lucky enough to come (to Atlanta) to watch,” stated Conley. “I’ve been here before, just never on the track. Having an experience on the track is another thing. Hopefully things go our way, and the car is fast.
Conley will run the full 33-race 2015 NASCAR Xfinity Series schedule for TriStar Motorsports.
The likeable Conley started racing at the age of five. He worked his way through go-karts, quarter midgets and open wheeled USAC Kenyon midgets. Conley collected multiple poles and feature wins throughout the Midwest before transitioning into sprint cars competing with the World of Outlaws and All Star series at the age of 16.
Conley made his NASCAR debut in the K&N East Series in 2011 and captured his first win in 2012 at Columbus Motor Speedway. In 2013, Conley competed full-time in the K&N East Series, scoring four top-5’s, five top-10’s and one pole. After competing in NASCAR’s K&N series, Conley moved up to the NASCAR Xfinity Series in 2014 and competed in 11 races for Richard Childress Racing with one 6th place finish at Kentucky Speedway and five top 15 finishes.
“TriStar Motorsports is proud to field a Toyota Camry for a rising star in NASCAR,” said Mark Smith, TriStar Motorsports team owner. “With Cale’s drive and passion for NASCAR, I know that we will have a successful 2015 season with him behind the wheel.”
First things first, Conley said he will have to learn the track.
“I need to get up to speed, and learn if the track in line-sensitive. I know tires wear out pretty quickly here, but I’ll just try to get used to the track as fast as I can.”
Conley is getting used to the larger speedways by talking to drivers that have more experience. He talks to teammates David Starr and Mike Bliss for advice.
From day one, Coney wanted to be a racer.
“That was always the goal,” added Conley. “That was my dream. I’ve been very lucky and fortunate to have my family’s support. It’s a difficult game out there. It takes a lot of funding and luck.”
Conley might just be one of the brightest young stars in NASCAR. He’s doing what he loves, and I expect to see him in “Victory Lane” in 2015.
“It’s all I ever wanted to do- race for a living,” sums up Conley.
Conley will be running in the Hisense 250, Atlanta’s race on the Xfinity Series on Saturday, February 28, 2015 at 2 p.m.
Cale Conley will be racing in the Xfinity Series at Atlanta Motor Speedway
Cale Conley driving the No. 14 Toyota Camry
Atlanta Motor SpeedwayCale ConleyNASCARXfinity Series
Kevin Harvick Races Away with 61st Annual Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500
Chase Elliott Draws NASCAR Fans in Dawsonville
Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 Brings ‘Pit Party’ to Marietta
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Devil's Third creator promises highest-budget production yet
Renowned videogame creator Tomonobu Itagaki has revealed that his newest game, Devil's Third, will be by far the largest-scale production he has ever taken on.
Speaking to Game Informer, the games designer - who is legendary for his role in creating the Dead or Alive and Ninja Gaiden franchises - said the budget of Devil's Third is bigger than any game he has ever made, despite his CV including more than 30 titles.
"If you put a little bit more money into the one I'm making now ... I could make all of the 30 games I made before," he explained.
Devil's Third is an ambitious Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 game set in a future world that has been wracked by a global catastrophe, with Itagaki's brand of dynamic action set to be present and correct.
Developed for THQ by the designer's new team at Valhalla Game Studios, the title will combine ranged combat with high-speed melee brawls, while also delivering stunning visuals and online modes.
Itagaki added that it remains too early to share any further details on the secretive project, but assured fans that it is still on track to meet its planned 2013 release date.
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Home / Classroom Resources / Past Simple / Past Simple: Learning English through History Study Book
Past Simple: Learning English through History Study Book
David Ronder, Peter Thompson
A flexible classroom resource for students interested in British history and culture.
Past Simple: Learning English through History Study Book quantity
Upper intermediate to proficiency
CEF Level: B1+ IELTS Level: 5.0+
Online resources available
Past Simple: Learning English through History
Past Simple is a fascinating introduction to British history and culture, designed to improve the language skills of adult learners of English but suitable also for use in sixth-forms and FE colleges in Britain. The authors, both practising teachers, succeed in delivering a wealth of historical facts and improving students’ language and critical thinking skills all in an engaging, entertaining and often humorous way.
Past Simple comprises 22 chapters, 12 on key episodes or periods of British history (such as the First World War), 10 on significant themes (imperialism, the growth of democracy, etc.) that run through the story of these islands. Each chapter is based around a central reading text, followed by comprehension and critical thinking exercises, additional primary source material and a focus on relevant language points. There is a clear emphasis on skills development and follow-up extension tasks to encourage Internet and library research.
Publication date: 7 Aug 2012
Chronological:
1. Civilizing the barbarians: The Romans in Britain
2. 1066 and all that: The Norman Conquest
3. Majesty and marriages: King Henry VIII
4. Good Queen Bess: Elizabeth I
5. Roundheads and Cavaliers: The English Civil War
6. Fire and plague: Samuel Pepys' London
7. The longest reign: The Victorians
8. A long way from Tipperary: World War I
9. Britain can take it: The Blitz
10. From the cradle to the grave: The welfare state
11. Cultural revolution: The swinging sixties
12. The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher
Thematic:
1. From barons to ballot box: The long road to democracy
2. The Bard of Avon: William Shakespeare
3. The Sun never set: The British Empire
4. A special relationship? Britain and the USA
5. A funny old game: Cricket
6. Seen and not heard: British childhood
7. Auld enemies: England and Scotland
7. That cloud in the west: Ireland
9. A safe haven: Immigration to Britain
10. An enduring obsession: Social class in Britain
David Ronder started his English teaching career in Barcelona in the early 1990s. He has taught business and general English in the UK for many years, recently specialising in ESOL. An Edinburgh history graduate, he has always been interested in the connections between language and history. He devised and ran an innovative course to teach British history to ESOL students at the Institute in North London, which formed the initial basis for Past Simple.
He is a published travel journalist, and though he continues to teach, he now works mainly as a freelance editor and Spanish translator. He is a member of the Chartered Institute of Linguists.
Peter Thompson is head of history at London’s leading sixth-form college and has over 20 years’ history teaching experience, working mostly with 16-19-year-olds and adults.
He taught English as a foreign language whilst living in Berlin, Germany, for three years during the 1990s.
"This is a cleverly thought-out and attractively presented book, which uses amusing classroom activities and insightful articles to develop language learning. It does this by providing stimulating discussion topics, a selection of playful English idioms, good internet-based research and creative writing tasks, all within a historical, cultural and British citizenship context.
Its 22 chapters are divided into two parts, beginning with the Chronological chapters, a short but nuanced chronological survey of British history, beginning in Roman Britain and ending, presciently, 12 chapters later with The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher. Also included in this section are chapters on the 1960s and the national health service (NHS). A further ten chapters (the Thematic chapters) deliver material on topics such as democracy, immigration and even cricket. The chapter on democracy, for instance, sympathetically explores the emancipation of women through the activities of the suffragettes, and in the chapter on cricket – ‘a funny old game’ – there is an exploration of class and race issues. The book is not exclusively Anglo-centric either; it is about Britain, and rightly includes Ireland and Scotland.
The structure is accessible, but an entire chapter is not doable in a single two-hour lesson. Each chapter has pre-reading discussion questions, followed by an in-depth reading text with a glossary, which will take students between 20 and 30 minutes to complete. (I think it would be a very good idea to set the pre-reading at the end of class and then get the students to do the reading for homework, ready for a follow-up lesson.)
Illustrations, graphs and tables develop topics interestingly, so that in the chapter on Henry VIII, we are presented with six portraits of Henry’s wives and asked which one we think is Anne of Cleves (Henry was supposedly charmed by the flattering portrait he was sent of her – and agreed to marry her on the strength of it – but was bitterly disappointed when he met the real thing). There are also further opportunities for research, so that students, in one instance, can find out more about the talented black South African cricketer Basil D’Olivera, who embarrassed the South African apartheid regime to its very core with a very successful career in the UK after being denied a platform at home in which to shine.
Past Simple is also very internet-savvy and web-wise, with recommendations for plenty of very good YouTube clips. It has web links to further develop the students’ understanding. For example, they are invited to investigate whether Henry VIII really wrote the words to Greensleeves. I particularly like the way keyword search engine prompts are given. For example, when doing research on the welfare state, it is suggested that they search for ‘state pension’ + ‘history’ and ‘William Beverage’ + ‘last words’ and ‘NHS’ + ‘number of employees’ + ‘annual budget’, thus guiding the students to excellent interactive material.
The final writing tasks in each unit range from writing short essays to more creative approaches, like writing a childhood account or a poem. Best, however, is the treatment of idioms – so on the section for topic development, students are asked if they know the meaning of words like chuddies, chutzpah, kushti/cushty, craic/crack, and so on. My students really warmed to this in class.
Altogether, this is a very pleasing addition to the plethora of English language teaching books out there, but one that stands out as it gets students to practise the four skills while getting to grips with the rich and diverse cultural backstory from which the English language has emerged."
- Ashley Chapman for English Teaching Professional, Issue 87, July 2013
"Past Simple introduces British history and culture, and no doubt enthusiasts of the Clil approach to the ELT classroom will find this of immense interest. Its 22 chapters fall into two parts: twelve on key episodes or periods of British history, such as the First World War, and ten on significant themes, such as imperialism and the growth of democracy. The authors do not state a suitable language level for intended users, but judging by the reading texts and follow-up tasks this would certainly be material for those at or beyond FCE level; that’s B2 on the CEFR or Ielts 6.0.
The twelve chronological chapters in part one look firstly at the Romans in Britain and what they did for the country as it then looked. As with all chapters, following a lengthy and hugely informative reading text, this time on rebellions and ‘barbarians’, the readers meets a page of related and generally high-level multiple choice and true-or-false questions. Section two of this and other units develops the topic in focus by looking at related features, for example Roman architectural splendours. More interestingly, for the general language learner, it also looks at words the Romans left behind after they departed in AD 410, such as thesaurus, abacus, and curriculum. Chapters end with extension activities involving discussion questions, areas for library research and writing.
As Past Simple looks also at events taking place in 1066, King Henry VIII, Elizabeth I and the English Civil War, it would certainly provide absorbing reading about early English history for students in English-medium colleges of further or higher education, or those on summer schools wishing to develop their language skills through private study. Following units on Samuel Pepys’ London, it moves swiftly on to matters relating to Victorian England and the Blitz of the Second World War. The final three units in part one cover the emergence of the welfare state, the Swinging Sixties and the life and times of ‘Iron Lady’ Margaret Thatcher.
Part two covers themes relating to recent history in Britain, looking first at the development of democracy from 1066 up to the removal from power of wartime prime minister Winston Churchill by the ballot box at the end of WWII.
While some themes are perhaps predictable, such as the life and works of William Shakespeare and Britain’s issues with Ireland, others are a delightful surprise, Chapter seventeen for example, felt like the answer to this reviewer’s silent prayer as it covers the noble English game of cricket, always felt to be a reflection of the true national character of people living there. Although it fails to go into the vagaries of the LBW (leg before wicket) rule, it deals with the well-known cricketing phrases that are commonly used, such as ‘knocked for six’ to describe immense surprise, and ‘batting on a sticky wicket; to express a person’s difficult situation. Extension activities include carrying out internet searches for Test match records, or getting hold of Wisden, the cricketer’s bible. Personally if I ever get used to such material I think I might be gone for a week at least.
Such absorbing material is certainly to be applauded and, while challenging, marks a great change from dull activities covering inevitable grammar points. All chapters in Past Simple could and indeed should be used to supplement developing themes in main coursebooks."
- EL Gazette, October 2013
Rhymes and Rhythm: A poem-based course for English pronunciation Study Book with audio DVD and additional material on CD-ROM
Versatile Vocabulary: Games for enhancing vocabulary Study Book
English Practice Grammar: Revised International Edition (with answers) Study Book
Fast Track to Reading: Accelerated Reading Programme for EFL and ESOL Students Course Book with audio CDs
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UC Davis’s Chancellor, Linda Katehi, Must Go
Apology not accepted!
DAVIS – University of California, Davis Chancellor, Linda Katehi, appeared here yesterday and finally apologized for permitting her campus police to shoot pepper-spray directly into the faces of non-violent students. Too late. She initially defended their actions, and regardless, it happened on her watch. Sign this petition to demand her resignation. This is California. Our college students are not the enemy.
Ew, Penn State, Ew
A proud tradition of molestation!
UNIVERSITY PARK, PA – Starting with the riot in support of a coach who covered up wrongdoing for decades, and extending, so far, all the way to children bullying the first victim to come forward out of his school, the people of Pennsylvania State University have clearly come down on the side of child abuse. Even Sandusky’s “innocent” explanation is over the line. But what’s a little pedophilia among friends? Football is clearly very very important… Go Nittany Lions!
How Much Banana Republican Hypocrisy Is Enough?
Go with what you know! I could easily be the next President MORON!
PHOENIX – Three hundred sixty-five days until the election. And, Banana Republicans are still beside themselves. While they simply can’t stand the endlessly flip-flopping empty suit, Mitt WRONGNEY, their latest alternative, Herman “Back of the Bus is Fine” CAIN’T, has made so many missteps that it has become laughable to continue apologizing for him. As if the outrageously regressive tax plan, the willful ignorance of the leadership of U-beki-beki-beki-beki-stan-stan, and the assertion that people laid off by big banks should blame themselves are not sufficient, he has now developed another theme: denying credible accusations of sexual harassment! First he didn’t remember, then he did. First, it was only one woman, then two, three, four and five. First there was no truth, then there were at least two settlements. First it was a left wing media smear campaign, then it was TEXECUTIONER Rick PERIGEE (the lowest point)’s fault. And through it all, he has comported himself in such an undignified manner, that anybody left supporting him is no longer credible. He verbally abused the press and had his handlers push and shove them around. He literally threw a temper tantrum when he was asked a legitimate question about it. Then today, he held a press conference wherein he said all of the women — who did not know each other; some of whom were paid thousands of dollars for their silence — were all lying. So, the aforementioned supporters, who stopped the entire operation of the United States Government and wasted fifty million dollars to find out if President Bill Clinton got a blowjob; and who screamed bloody murder over Anthony Weiner’s underwear pictures; have now decided that it is acceptable for their candidate to put his hand up a woman’s skirt and shove her face in his crotch because she asked for a job. Well, hey, at least he’s not a Mormon…
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Eskom and the sale of Optimum Coal Mine
Was Brian Molefe merely trying to protect the electricity supply?
29 November 2016 By Zoe Schaver and Georgina Guedes Analysis
Arnot Power Station, Middelburg. Photo: Wikipedia user Gerhard Roux (CC-BY-SA)
The Public Protector’s report provided some fairly damning evidence about Gupta-owned Tegeta’s purchase of Optimum Coal Holdings (OCH). Industry analysts have speculated on what this means and what the next steps could be.
State of Capture, the report that Thuli Madonsela finalised before concluding her tenure as Public Protector, builds a case about Eskom’s conflicts of interests. It suggests that the power provider was acting at the behest of the Guptas, the family with controversial ties to President Jacob Zuma and other senior government officials.
Eskom CEO Brian Molefe resigned in the wake of the report’s release, but at least one commentator has said that he was simply acting under pressure to avert the power supply crisis, while others have been more sceptical of Molefe’s intentions.
The 355-page report, in part, looked into a deal facilitated by Eskom, that transferred ownership of Optimum Coal Holdings (OCH), formerly owned by Glencore, to Tegeta. co-owned by the Guptas and Duduzane Zuma, the president’s son, in April this year.
Glencore had put the Optimum Coal Mine (OCM) – one of the three entities in OCH – into business rescue. Eskom, as OCM’s only customer, had stated that it would only approve a change in OCM’s ownership if the new owner agreed to pay the R2 billion penalty debt owed to Eskom because the mine had provided the power supplier with substandard coal.
Eskom would also only permit the sale of OCM, not the other two entities that were a part of OCH, as they did not owe debts and were still profitable. These conditions barred many potential buyers from acquiring OCM.
However, when Tegeta entered the playing field, they were not required to pay OCM’s penalty debt immediately, although Eskom has stated that the debt remains in force and payable. Moreover they were able to purchase all three entities in OCH.
In addition, the rehabilitation fund that all mining companies are required to have was allowed to be counted as Tegeta’s asset through a transfer to the Bank of Baroda, which allowed the company to demonstrate that it could pay OCM’s debts if it acquired the mine. Normally, these funds may only be accessed to fund rehabilitation at the closure of a mine.
Finally, the report stated that when Tegeta was still R600 million short of the purchase price, Eskom’s board approved a R659 million prepayment to Tegeta (not to OCH), which enabled the company to buy OCH two days later.
However, Khaya Sithole, a chartered accountant and academic, has released a statement arguing that these actions were mere errors of judgement on the part of Molefe while he acted on the imperative to end loadshedding in South Africa.
Sithole believes that Molefe had to facilitate the sale of OCH to Tegeta because Glencore was threatening to stop OCM supplying coal to Eskom until Eskom agreed to pay more per tonne of coal. This would have caused South Africa’s load shedding problem to continue indefinitely, Sithole says.
“In Brian’s view, his quest to end load shedding at all costs was the driving ambition. Unfortunately, it was limited by the reality of the economic structure that Eskom was stuck with. Brian’s main error was in seeking to bypass such a problem by engaging the Gupta contract – and he will regret this forever … South Africans were very happy that Brian ended load shedding. It is the true mechanics of how he did it that we are now uncomfortable with – and we are letting him burn.”
However, according to Dirk de Vos, director of the corporate finance consulting firm QED Solutions, Molefe’s decision-making around the OCH deal had nothing to do with keeping the lights on.
“The loadshedding we experienced had nothing to do with coal supplies; it was purely a question of generation plant availability. This fell to below 70%, probably due to lack of maintenance and keeping the lights on at all costs in 2010,” he says.
In addition, he says that Molefe’s role in mitigating the energy crisis has been overstated by Sithole. “The work to increase plant availability – to around 75%, which is still below the 80% target – is a result of the engineers at Eskom. There are quite a few of high competence. The fall in demand, due to higher prices and the low commodity prices for South Africa’s mineral exports, played just as big a role.”
He believes that now that the ex-Public Protector has brought this all out into the open, Glencore will be forced by its shareholders to sue Eskom and Tegeta, and a lot will emerge in open court.
“There were many representations to drive this deal forward. Glencore was effectively bullied out if its assets – forced to sell OCH because it couldn’t pay Eskom a R2 billion fine, but then Tegeta got different terms. In fact, the big question for me is why Glencore hasn’t already sued…”
And despite his sympathy towards Molefe, when approached to clarify his views, Sithole responded on email “The hint of corruption all through the deal cannot be disputed. At the very least, Brian is guilty of the most egregious form of insider trading and really lost track of his fiduciary responsibilities to Eskom.” Sithole further says: “The difficult part with simply concluding that the engineers were the fixers then invites us to interrogate why it took them that long to do that or more explicitly - why it only happened once Brian was in the house. It would be interesting if it turned out that coal supplies did not play a part in the loadshedding saga as Eskom themselves were adamant that the declining availability of coal supplies, due to increased exports, would directly lead to load shedding.”
It remains to be seen whether Glencore will take legal action. Further findings could potentially be brought to light by the National Energy Regulator of South Africa’s (Nersa’s) proposals for the multi-year price determination (MYPD) process, which call for greater transparency and reliability about the supply and demand of coal, which De Vos says would bring the nature of the agreements with coal suppliers like Glencore into the open.
For now, all eyes are on the newly appointed Public Protector Busisiwe Mkhwebane, waiting to see whether she will push for the judicial inquiry recommended in her predecessor’s report.
© 2016 GroundUp.
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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No Molefe loadshedding miracle
There was no loadshedding "miracle" delivered by Brian Molefe. It is quite simple: demand plummeted. A handful of mining and industrial customers constitute close to half of Eskom's demand. Since 2011/12, national mining production has slumped to levels even lower than that of the Great Recession. On the one hand this has been driven by supply pressure à la skyrocketing electricity price inflation, intermittency and rising labor costs. But for the most part, flagging demand is to blame. RSA is experiencing the worst commodity slump in my lifetime!
During Molefe's fortuitous tenure, the Bayside aluminum smelter was decommissioned at Richard's Bay. FYI, smelters are nothing to be sneezed at. They represent about 10% of Eskom's total demand and 6% of its peak demand. Mozal, the only smelter in Mozambique, represents half of the nation's annual electricity consumption! Mozal also happens to be one of Eskom's largest customers, and it saw its sales fall 12% over that 2015/16 period. Located just down the road from Bayside is Hillside - the largest smelter in the southern hemisphere. Its year-on-year revenues fell by 27.6% between July-Dec 2015. As a result, it suspended twenty-two smelting pots by September 2015. South32 (formerly BHP Billiton) runs these smelters, and they have declared that they aren't planning to restart idle capacity before 2018.
Hello reserve margin!
Declining coal quality was a major load-shedding issue during the early years (i.e. 2007/8-11) because this happened to be the strongest coal bull-market, ever. The spread between domestic and export prices was enormous. That's when Eskom really saw its coal being diverted to export markets. So it was *a* problem during this whole Glencore deal, but nothing like 2007/8 where poor coal took out 40% of Duvha and 37.6% of Matla. Lower demand enabled us to stop haemorrhaging cash on diesel OCGT peakers. And it's lower demand, not Molefe, that gave Eskom the much-needed room to conduct maintenance and thereby increase plant availability.
Harald Oswin
Westville households get electricity after 10 years
Khayelitsha residents rally to help fire victims
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The Real Reason Why Tyra Banks Is Not on 'AGT' in 2019
Terry Crews is taking over for season 14 of NBC's top-rated show.
Season 14 of America's Got Talent returns to NBC on Tuesday, May 28 with Terry Crews as the host.
Naturally, fans are wondering where Tyra Banks is and why she's not on the 2019 version of AGT.
Tyra hinted that she would be leaving the show back in November 2018.
The new America's Got Talent season is upon us, and already season 14 is shaping up to look a lot different. Aside from Mel B and Heidi Klum saying goodbye as judges, the show is also officially welcoming Terry Crews as the permanent host — and bidding farewell to Tyra Banks.
Even though reports initially made it seem as if Tyra would host the summer edition and Terry would just be stepping in for the winter spinoff America's Got Talent: The Champions, it looks like the supermodel is no longer a part of the variety show at all.
But don't assume that Tyra's departure is the result of some crazy behind-the-scenes drama. As it turns out, the writing's been on the wall for quite some time. Back in November 2018, just a few months after season 13 wrapped up, Tyra told Access Hollywood that she was done with the show.
“I think I had a really nice run with AGT," she said. "I had a lot, a lot of fun."
So ... why did Tyra Banks leave AGT?
In short, it sounds like there was just too much on Tyra's plate. In December, a source revealed to Deadline that Tyra was moving on from hosting the NBC talent show to focus on TV producing. The source also added that Tyra has since been "inundated with producing and acting requests."
Tyra spent the end of last year working on the TV movie Life-Size 2. She also recently appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit for the first time in 22 years — and revealed that her new modeling name is "BanX."
A post shared by Tyra Banks (@tyrabanks)
"Yeah, BanX with an X," Banks told Entertainment Tonight. "Because I want me coming out of retirement to be bigger than me, and for me to represent women to say, enough of this cookie-cutter thing."
Does this mean Tyra is going all-in on her modeling career again? Time will tell, but in the meantime, we can't wait to see all of Tyra's new projects — whether on TV or on magazine covers — come to life.
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You are here: Home / 2020 / On the Australian war crimes in Afghanistan
CPA/ML Communist Party of Australia (Marxist-Leninist), Written by: Nick G. on 3 December 2020
Marxist-Leninists hold that there are two types of war – just and unjust.
Imperialist wars brutalise soldiers of imperialist armies engaged in foreign wars of aggression and occupations. In contrast, people’s liberation armies fighting just wars are under the leadership and guidance of revolutionary class ideology and organisation serving the people.
Just wars cannot be won by military means alone. They are often waged by weaker and technologically inferior forces which attract the support of the people and can be sustained and led to victory by correct politics. Those correct politics include relations between the armed forces and the people, and also between the armed forces of the just cause and the armed forces of the unjust cause. Captured and wounded soldiers of the unjust army are subjected to education about the two types of war, are persuaded to renounce their support for the unjust, and are treated with leniency.
Unjust wars cannot attract popular support over the longer term. What support there is evaporates over time. The forces of the unjust cause must rely on military means, and tend to discount winning popular support because of their apparent superiority in strength of arms and other technologies.
Afghanistan – an unjust war
Australia’s longest-running war is its engagement in Afghanistan. It began in November 2001 in the wake of the September 11 attack on the World Trade Towers in New York. The Australian government sent troops to Afghanistan to show its support and subservience to the US as a compliant ally, often referred to as a “puppet” or “deputy sheriff of the US”. Australian soldiers played a support role to the forces of US and other imperialisms. Those forces invaded Afghanistan in a so-called “war on terrorism”. There was and is a terrorism associated with the reactionary fascist wing of the Islamic religion, but the invasion of Afghanistan by imperialist powers was not a just application of force. It was unjust from the start, largely motivated by US imperialist ambitions in the region and set the scene for a wave of anti-democratic measures, under the cover of “anti-terrorism”.
The recent report into allegations of war crimes by Australian troops in Afghanistan was preceded by a report commissioned by the head of the Australian Army, Gen. Angus Campbell, in 2015 following persistent rumours of illegal killings of Afghans by Australians. Presented to Campbell in 2016, the report by sociologist Dr. Samantha Crompvoets quoted Australian soldiers, who did not want to be identified, who were appalled by the behaviour of fellow soldiers.
One said that 2012 was the worst he had seen:
“Guys just had this blood lust. Psychos. Absolute psychos. And we bred them. These things do not happen in isolation. They (soldiers) become more confident over time when they are there and these behaviours become permissible and equated with being good and effective soldiers.”
She repeated allegations made by the soldiers she interviewed: when helicopters landed in villages, any villagers running away were fired upon, “killing many of these men and boys (and sometimes women and children) shooting them in the back, while running away.” Other soldiers would take any surviving men and boys “and ‘interrogate’ them, meaning tie them up and torture them…for days and the whole village would be deprived of food, water and medicines…When the Special Forces left, the men and boys would be found dead: shot in the head or blindfolded and with throats slit,’’ she wrote.
One “disturbing example” given by soldier informants occurred when Australian soldiers driving along a road saw two 14-year old boys who they decided might be Taliban sympathisers. “They were stopped and searched and then their throats slit. The rest of the troop then had to ‘clean up the mess’…the bodies were bagged and thrown in a nearby river.”
It was this report, delivered in 2015 but kept secret at the time, that led Angus Campbell to commission the report into allegations of Australian war crimes in Afghanistan. Campbell (now head of all Australian Defence Forces) did that in March 2016.
In the meantime, David McBride, a former Army lawyer with two tours of duty in Afghanistan, was leaking Australian Defence Force files (the “Afghan Files”) to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). The ABC subsequently ran a series of stories alleging Australian war crimes.
The Australian Government retaliated against McBride and its national broadcaster. In September 2018, McBride was charged with theft of Government property (more charges were subsequently added), while in June 2019, the offices of the ABC were raided by Australian Federal Police (AFP) and all material relating to the Afghan Files seized. In June 2020, the AFP recommended that charges be laid against ABC journalist Dan Oakes. There was a huge public outcry and the Government was forced to back down from charging Oakes. Charges still remain against the whistleblower McBride.
The heavily redacted (censored, blacked-out) Afghanistan Inquiry Report, also known as the Brereton Report, finds credible evidence of 23 incidents involving 25 current or former ADF personnel accused of killing 39 individuals, with a further two subjected to cruel treatment. However, a further 28 incidents (and 11 more that were discontinued) had found that allegations were not substantiated or could not be proceeded with.
Of those that the Report found to be unsubstantiated, there were 20 allegations of unlawful killings, seven of which involved more than one person. Nine involved case of ill-treatment of prisoners, including assaults and the holding of knives to male genitals.
Nine of the allegations which were designated as credible were dismissed with no further action required because of the legal principle of derivative use immunity according to which if Soldier X gives information to the Inquiry that he unlawfully killed a prisoner, the information given to the Inquiry by Soldier X (and anything obtained as a direct or indirect consequence) is inadmissible in any prosecution of Soldier X.
Regardless of the alleged war crimes of Australian troops in the unjust invasion and occupation of Afghanistan, there is culture of a sub-imperialist lackey that has long permeated the Australian armed forces. With the exception of the War Against Fascism (WW2), every conflict involving Australian troops in imperialist wars has been unjust. The Brereton Report does us all a favour by including an historical review of Australian war crimes (Chapter 1.08 of the Report) from the Boer War to the present day. There are several examples from WW2, unsurprising given that although the cause was just, the political and military leadership came from the pro-imperialist bourgeoisie. Australia has sent troops to just about every imperialist war waged by the dominant imperialist power presiding over this county – from the British colonial Boer war to US imperialist wars on Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and Syria.
Fascists and racists are attracted to imperialist military service and encourage a culture in which unjust actions are celebrated. In 2018, photos emerged of Australian troops, in 2007, flying a Nazi flag from their combat vehicle. In June 2020, footage emerged of Australian soldiers holding a racist “Southern Pride” Confederate flag used to guide in a U.S. military UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter to pick up Afghan prisoners following an Australian-led raid. The ADF immediately denied any knowledge of the incident although the footage was reportedly included in a highlight reel for the Special Air Service Regiment's 3 Squadron following a 2012 deployment to Afghanistan.
Bandaid measures and the necessary prosecution of Australian war criminals aside, Australians must ensure that our country has an independent and peaceful foreign policy, that we make a decisive break with US and other imperialisms, and never again allow Australian armed forces to be sent to support unjust wars.
The whistleblower David McBride should receive the highest of accolades and the shameful and vengeful charges against him be dropped immediately.
Australia’s working people have a long tradition of struggle against imperialist wars, reaching as far back as mass opposition to imperialist WW1 and Conscription; to fascism in WW2 and the Vietnam War. In the months leading to the invasion of Iraq in 2003 millions of Australians from different walks of life voiced their opposition to Australia sending troops to US planned and led war on Iraq. In February 2003 one month before the invasion of Iraq over 4000,000 demonstrated in the streets across the country demanding “No War on Iraq”, “No War for Oil”, “No troops to Iraq”. Many carried signs depicting the then Australian Prime Minister as a puppet of the US.
No more Australian involvement in imperialist wars!
For anti-imperialist independence and socialism!
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CHIME (Clearinghouse for Immigrant Education): Service Provides Access to Information on the Education of Immigrant Students
• by Aurelio M. Montemayor, M.Ed.• IDRA Newsletter • May 1996 •
Schools and communities are experiencing rapid social change as they work to lay the foundation for the future of U.S. society. Teachers and administrators attempt to meet the diverse needs of both the growing population of U.S.-born children of color and newly-arrived, foreign born children. Immigrant parents struggle to comprehend a new culture and language while trying to understand an unfamiliar system of public education. Immigrant children are caught in the middle, providing culture and language translations for their parents and families, seeking to build social relations with U.S.-born children and young immigrants from other lands, and struggling against great odds to succeed in school. In our public schools we must teach students to respect all languages, cultures and peoples. We must capitalize on the cultural diversity to expand democracy.
What is CHIME?
Building a US society where all cultures, languages and peoples are respected requires information and hard work. To support this important work, the National Coalition of Advocates for Students has established CHIME (Clearinghouse for Immigrant Education). CHIME is an interactive clearinghouse and networking service that facilitates access to educational materials, organizations and individuals concerned with the effective education of immigrant students. CHIME is available to assist schools, parents, advocates and others who support the school success of immigrant students and who are working to build a multicultural society.
This national center collects timely and current research on issues affecting communities today, such as parental involvement, evaluation and placement of immigrant and LEP students, culturally appropriate support services and multicultural education. Also available is information on the cultural background of many immigrant groups that can help educators understand the background experiences and strengths immigrant children bring with them to the classroom. The center has also recently expanded to include materials written for parents in support of the Mobilization for Equity project – a project by IDRA and others funded by the Ford Foundation and the National Coalition of Advocates for Students to engage the public and parents in achieving the best possible education for all students. These materials explain educational issues in a language that is easy to understand, and many are translated into Spanish. A few materials are written in Vietnamese, Chinese and Haitian-Kreyol.
How Does CHIME Work?
By calling CHIME’s toll-free number, you can access an expanding collection of resources to improve the educational experience of foreign-born children. For fast, easy access to resources on educating immigrant students, this is the resource to contact. Whether educator, parent or interested citizen, you can receive information and resources on how schools can better serve immigrant students and their families. To participate, you can also write to CHIME at the address below.
CHIME staff members will become your partners in problem solving. They will survey the available resources, help you to make networking connections and provide information about how to order relevant documents. For documents, there is a nominal fee to cover duplication, shipping and handling. Other services are free, including complimentary copies of the newsletter New Voices and annotated bibliographies.
The CHIME Collection
The CHIME collection includes the following:
Literature: Continually expanding compendium of articles and research evaluated and abstracted on a wide range of topics relevant to immigrant students.
Promising Practices: Written descriptions of successful efforts developed by schools and community-based organizations that serve substantial immigrant student populations.
Resource Listing: A national listing of resource centers, community-based organizations and individuals with resources, experience or knowledge to share.
Publications: Annotated bibliographies developed periodically on specific topics in immigrant education. Entitled Selected Readings from CHIME, these resource lists are available to CHIME users free of charge, as is the quarterly newsletter, New Voices.
CHIME is a service of the National Center for Immigrant Students which is a program of the National Coalition of Advocates for Students (NCAS). NCAS is a nation-wide network of 23 experienced child advocacy organizations that work to improve access to quality education for all students, particularly those who are poor, members of racial and linguistic minority groups, people who have recently immigrated to the United States, and people who are physically challenged. IDRA is a member organization of NCAS.
In 1988, NCAS published New Voices: Immigrant Students in US Public Schools, the first comprehensive examination of the status of young newcomers in the nation’s public schools. NCAS established the National Center for Immigrant Students in 1990 to stimulate networking and information-sharing, expand advocacy on behalf of foreign-born students, and examine emerging federal, state and local policy likely to impact upon their school success.
Advice on immigrant education issues is provided to the National Center for Immigrant Students by a national advisory panel of leaders from many different immigrant communities across the country.
Principal funding for the National Center for Immigrant Students and for CHIME is provided by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the Ford Foundation.
Aurelio Montemayor is the lead trainer in the IDRA Division of Professional Development. Comments and questions may be sent via e-mail at feedback@idra.org.
[©1996, IDRA. This article originally appeared in the May 1996 IDRA Newsletter by the Intercultural Development Research Association. Permission to reproduce this article is granted provided the article is reprinted in its entirety and proper credit is given to IDRA and the author.]
Learning Goes On
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7 facts about the history of medicine
From ancient enemas to tapeworm doctors, Caroline Rance shares seven remarkable moments from medicine’s unpredictable, shocking and frequently gory history…
Skull with four trepanned holes. (SSPL/Getty Images)
1) Prehistoric people needed surgery like a hole in the head
In 1865, American archaeologist Ephraim George Squier left Cuzco, Peru, in possession of an ancient Mexican skull given to him by a collector. The artefact was to ignite debate in medical circles on both sides of the Atlantic.
Dating from around 1400–1530 BC, the skull had a rectangular hole in its frontal lobe. Squier shared the find with the New York Academy of Medicine and with French neuroscientist Paul Broca, who showed that the hole had been deliberately made while the person was still alive.
Examples of this ancient practice – trepanning – have since been found worldwide, dating back as far as 10,000 BC. It appears to have developed independently in many cultures, and as a result there’s evidence of various methods: scraping the skull with a sharp flint; boring a circle of holes and prising out the resulting disc; creating a ‘hashtag’ shape of grooves and removing the middle.
But why would people do this? Broca speculated that they were trying to let evil spirits escape from the body. It’s a theory that remains popular today, but we should be aware that it rather suited 19th-century white anthropologists to view indigenous cultures as scientifically inferior.
Also possible is that trepanning was a practical way to treat fractures (the ancient Greeks certainly used it this way). With head wounds a familiar consequence of conflict or accident, practitioners might have observed the course of infection and realised that dead bone would eventually disintegrate (if the patient didn’t die in the meantime). Removing these fragments manually would have been worth a try. We can’t ask ancient communities why they made holes in heads, but their rationale could have been less barbaric than it at first appears.
2) Ancient Egyptian medical specialists included the ‘herdsman of the anus’
Magic, religion and rational science mingled without contradiction in ancient Egyptian healing. A sick person could consult a doctor (called a swnw), a magician or a lay priest – or all three if they felt like it. One practitioner might be both priest and doctor, curing via a combination of medicines, incantations and prayers.
Egypt’s system of medicine was the first to be set down in writing, but its history remained obscure until hieroglyphs started being decoded in the early 19th century. Since then, papyri and depictions in tombs have shown that doctors had an extensive knowledge of disease and a rich pharmacopoeia of herbs, animal products and minerals. Prescriptions were prepared according to precise recipes that included long lists of ingredients and their measurements, and took many forms including pills, ointments, inhalations and enemas.
One doctor particularly skilled in administering these enemas was Irenakhty, who lived in approximately 2150 BC. He was doctor to the royal palace and (among several other titles) held the position of neru pehut – herdsman of the anus. His proctological expertise was not a one-off: his predecessor Khuy was another anal guardian, who combined the role with his skills as a dentist to ensure both ends of the pharaoh’s alimentary canal remained in tip-top condition.
Reconstruction of an ancient Egyptian relief from the Temple of Kom Ombo, showing a collection of surgical instruments. (DeAgostini/Getty Images)
3) Plastic surgeons have long been able to offer new noses for old
The loss of a nose – whether the result of punishment, unluckiness in sword-fighting, or disease – has historically led surgeons to try to restore the patient’s features and dignity.
The Indian surgeon Sushruta (c600 BC) used a plant-leaf template to dissect a flap of skin from the patient’s cheek, leaving it attached by a strip called a pedicle. Twisting it so the wound surface remained downwards, Sushruta would suture it into the place of the missing nose and affix small reed tubes to act as nostrils.
Similar procedures re-emerged in Renaissance Italy, when surgical families the Brancas and the Vianeos developed methods of creating a new nose from the skin of a patient’s arm. It was worth these practitioners’ while, however, to keep the details secret to ward off competition. In 1597, Gaspare Tagliacozzi, professor of anatomy at Bologna, brought nasal reconstruction out into the open by publishing De Curtorum Chirurgia per Insitionem, which aimed to describe rhinoplasty scientifically and educate other surgeons about it.
Tagliacozzi’s operation involved making parallel incisions in the skin of the upper arm and drawing a linen dressing underneath the flesh. After about 14 days, he cut the flap at one end; another 14 days allowed the flap to mature and he then engrafted it to the patient’s nasal cavity, using a system of bandages to keep the arm and face together. After another fortnight, he separated the arm from the nose (much to the patient’s relief) and shaped the graft accordingly. But after Tagliacozzi’s death in 1599, the operation failed to become mainstream. It was not until the late 18th century that European surgeons realised new noses were still being created in India.
A letter to the Gentleman’s Magazine in 1794 told of an Indian army bullock-driver called Cowasjee, who was captured by the sultan and punished as a traitor by having his nose and one hand severed. An unnamed Mahratta surgeon skilfully moulded a new nose from the skin of Cowasjee’s forehead. British surgeon Joseph Constantine Carpue drew upon these reports to begin nasal reconstructions in 1814; his work revived interest in rhinoplasty and helped western surgeons catch up with their Indian counterparts.
Engraving from Tagliacozzi’s ‘De Curtorum Chirurgia per Insitionem’, showing rhinoplasty surgery in which the patient’s nose was attached to a flap of skin on his upper arm. (DeAgostini/Getty Images)
4) Smoking was good for you
The words ‘cigarettes’ and ‘health’ are now unlikely bedfellows. Nineteenth-century medical cigarettes for asthma, however, were part of a long history of inhalation therapy that continues in the inhalers of today.
Ideas about the causes of asthma changed over the centuries, so the inhalation of herbal smoke fell in and out of favour depending on the prevailing theory. By the end of the 18th century, however, asthma was being interpreted as a ‘nervous’ disease caused by spasms of the bronchi. Into this receptive medical environment came the plant datura stramonium, or thorn-apple. Already known in the US, people in Britain began smoking it between 1802 and 1810, after a similar remedy, datura ferox, was brought back by an East India Company physician. Joseph Toulmin, a surgeon from Hackney, substituted the more easily obtainable datura stramonium, gaining relief from his own asthma. Word quickly spread about the new remedy.
At first, stramonium was smoked in ordinary tobacco pipes. It was possible to grow it oneself and dry the roots and stalks (although not the leaves, which have a dangerous narcotic effect). By the middle of the 19th century, smoking was socially acceptable and ever easier with the introduction of cigars, then cigarettes (and matches). Commercial brands of stramonium cigarettes fitted nicely into this context and were not seen as a quack remedy – doctors recommended them as a convenient way of inhaling the drug.
In the early 20th century the spasmodic model of asthma gave way to the concept of allergic inflammation, and this made smoking seem less appropriate. At the same time, new drugs such as ephedrine provided an alternative to the potentially hallucinogenic stramonium. As the dangers of tobacco smoking became more apparent, medicated cigarettes fell out of favour – but, for a while, stramonium had played an important role in bringing relief to those struggling to breathe.
Kellogg’s ‘asthma cigarettes’. (Reg Innell/Toronto Star via Getty Images)
5) The first African-American female doctor graduated at the height of the American Civil War
In May 1869, a doctor addressed the annual meeting of the New England Anti-Slavery Society. Slavery had been abolished in 1865, and the doctor expressed strong hopes for the future for black people. She also gave a prescient warning: it would “take earnest labour on the part of their friends to secure them all their rights.” The speaker was Rebecca Crumpler, the first African-American woman to graduate as a physician. She devoted her career to improving the health status of black people living in poverty, especially women and children.
Crumpler was born Rebecca Davis in Christiana, Delaware, in 1831. She married Wyatt Lee in 1852, settling at Charlestown, Massachusetts. There, she worked as a nurse for local physicians, and these employers supported her successful application to the New England Female Medical College. Her husband died of tuberculosis in 1863 but she persisted with her studies and graduated the following year as ‘doctress of medicine.’ She briefly practised in Boston before travelling to St John in New Brunswick, Canada, where she married Arthur Crumpler in May 1865. She is now remembered as Rebecca Lee Crumpler, although she does not appear to have continued using the name Lee after her second marriage. Sadly, no identifiable photos of her have survived.
With the American Civil War over, Crumpler went to Richmond, Virginia, to work for the Freedmen’s Bureau, a government agency assisting freed slaves and impoverished white people in the former Confederate states. Despite her degree, she is listed in the records as ‘nurse’, receiving $10 per month. As she later explained, however, this part of her career was the ‘real missionary work’ to which she felt called. Serving a population of 30,000 black people emancipated from slavery yet still experiencing violent discrimination, she focused on assisting the poorest families.
Her A Book of Medical Discourses (1883), was one of the earliest medical publications by an African-American writer, and specifically spoke to a female readership. Crumpler realised that knowledge is power and that encouraging women to be active in protecting their own and their children’s health would improve their lives within a difficult context.
6) The tapeworm doctor could expel your unwanted passengers
The beef tapeworm, taenia saginata, can grow to over 20 metres long in the human intestines. As is also the case with its shorter but meaner cousin, the pork tapeworm, it absorbs nutrients from the contents of the digestive system and can survive peacefully for years – unless, that is, its host decides to evict it.
In late 19th and early 20th-century America, the tapeworm provided a profitable career for itinerant practitioners, who travelled from town to town, parting people from their intestinal inhabitants. Such ‘tapeworm specialists’ are not exactly a much-fêted part of the history of medicine, but their activities give an insight into the healthcare options available to rural communities.
When treated by a worm doctor, you would have to fast for a day to get the worm hungry, then take a teaspoon of the essential oil of male fern in a cup of warm milk. After this, you lay down for a few hours before taking a draught of castor oil, turpentine and croton oil – the latter being toxic and a drastic laxative. The spectacular effects of this mixture can readily be imagined.
Some tapeworm specialists were showmen, impressing the punters by displaying preserved ‘worms’ of enormous length. These were more likely to be fakes made from animal entrails than the real thing, so the tapeworm doctor became a fairly disreputable character. He’s unlikely to be commemorated with a statue outside a hospital or a reverent biography detailing his selfless quest for medical progress, but he was part of the colourful variety of healthcare providers to whom the average person could turn when unable to afford a physician.
1812 copperplate engraving of a parasitic tapeworm. (Florilegius/SSPL/Getty Images)
7) Plague and inequality joined forces at the turn of the 20th century
The word ‘plague’ sounds inherently medieval, but the Third Plague Pandemic finished within living memory. Previous pandemics had wiped people out indiscriminately, but this one disproportionately affected those living in poverty, highlighting the global health inequality that has been worsening ever since.
The Third Pandemic emerged in China in the 1850s and crossed international borders during the 1890s. From Hong Kong in 1894, rats infested with plague-carrying fleas starting travelling the world on colonial supply ships, taking their lethal bacteria to every inhabited continent.
The bacterium – yersinia pestis – was isolated the same year (1894) by Alexandre Yersin and Kitasato Shibasaburō, who independently found it within days of each other. In 1898 Paul-Louis Simond established rat fleas as the vector, or transmitter. As the disease spread to international ports, however, public health officials responded with quarantine programmes that isolated suspected sufferers on the assumption that the disease could pass from one human to another.
Draconian measures by the British government in India led to political unrest; in the United States, existing anti-Asian prejudice fed on the disease’s Chinese origin. When plague reached Cape Town via Argentina in 1901, its first victims were black dockworkers. South Africa’s colonial government used this as a pretext to remove the African population of District Six, forcing them under armed guard to a location outside the city at Uitvlugt (Ndabeni). Segregation, which had been regularly mooted on ostensible health grounds for the previous two decades, began in earnest.
The Third Pandemic killed around 15 million people, the majority in India and Africa. The disease’s pandemic status officially ended in 1959, but plague has never been eradicated, and although yersinia pestis remains susceptible to the antibiotic streptomycin, multi-drug resistant strains occasionally surface. Let’s hope future historians do not have to analyse a Fourth Plague Pandemic.
Caroline Rance blogs at www.thequackdoctor.com about the history of medical advertising and health fraud. She recently appeared on BBC2’s Great British Railway Journeys. Her latest book, The History of Medicine in 100 Facts, explores medicine’s history in bite-sized topics, from prehistoric parasites to the threat of antibiotic resistance. Caroline is on twitter as @quackwriter and her Facebook page is www.facebook.com/quackdoctor.
Science & Medicine Week
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Home / Data, Publications and Research / Guide to Hong Kong Monetary, Banking and Financial Terms
Welcome to the Guide to Hong Kong Monetary, Banking and Financial Terms, which provides brief definitions of terms relevant to Hong Kong's monetary, banking and financial systems. The Guide is intended to serve as a reference tool for anyone with a professional or general interest in Hong Kong's financial system, and will continue to expand as time evolves. There are special links in some key terms to allow rapid cross-referencing to related materials both within the publication and the latest HKMA website content.
Notes For Users
This Guide includes the following terms:
General technical terms that have an important application to Hong Kong's monetary, banking and financial systems; and
Specific terms that have a distinct meaning within Hong Kong's monetary, banking and financial systems.
FILTERING BY ALPHABET AllABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Accounting Arrangements
An agreement reached in July 1988 between the Financial Secretary, as the Controller of the Exchange Fund, and the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (HSBC), as the Management Bank of the Clearing House of the Hong Kong Association of Banks. The agreement required HSBC to open an account with the Exchange Fund. The balance in that account could only be altered by the HKMA, (or its predecessor, the Office of the Exchange Fund). The Accounting Arrangements required HSBC to manage the Net Clearing Balance (NCB) of the rest of the banking system, having regard to the level of the balance of HSBC's account with the HKMA. If the NCB exceeded the balance, the HKMA would charge HSBC punitive interest on the excess amount, which represented the sum that HSBC had over-lent to the rest of the banking system. If the NCB was negative, a punitive interest rate would also be charged on the debit balance. The Accounting Arrangements came to an end with the introduction of the Real Time Gross Settlement system in December 1996, which requires all banks to maintain a clearing account with the HKMA.
Accumulated Surplus
The total net profit earned by an entity as an on-going business. The Accumulated Surplus of the Exchange Fund is the total net profit earned by the Exchange Fund since 6 December 1935.
Additional Tier 1 capital (AT1 capital)
A component (other than Common Equity Tier 1 capital) of an authorized institution’s Tier 1 capital, which is intended to absorb losses of an authorized institution on a going concern basis. It includes capital instruments issued by an authorized institution that meet the qualifying criteria set out in Schedule 4B to the Banking (Capital) Rules, share premium resulting from the issue of Additional Tier 1 capital instruments and the amount of minority interests arising from Additional Tier 1 capital instruments issued by consolidated bank subsidiaries of the authorized institution and held by third parties.
Aggregate Balance
The sum of balances in the clearing accounts and reserve accounts kept with the central bank. In Hong Kong, this refers to the sum of the balances in the clearing accounts kept with the HKMA. The Aggregate Balance is a part of the Monetary Base. Since June 1998, the HKMA has been disclosing forecast changes in the Aggregate Balance attributable to the HKMA's foreign exchange transactions as well as issuance of and interest payments on Exchange Fund paper on a real time basis through Reuters and Bloomberg.
See also Currency Board System and Linked Exchange Rate System.
Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance (AMLO)
An Ordinance that:
(a) provides for the imposition of requirements relating to customer due diligence and record-keeping on specified financial institutions and designated non-financial businesses and professions;
(b) provides for the powers of the relevant authorities and regulatory bodies to supervise compliance with those requirements and other requirements under the AMLO;
(c) provides for the regulation of the operation of a money service and the licensing of money service operators;
(d) provides for the regulation of the operation of a trust or company service and the licensing of trust or company service providers;
(e) establishes a review tribunal to review certain decisions made by the relevant authorities under the AMLO; and
(f) provides for incidental and related matters.
Interest rate arbitrage: Activities that seek to profit from the deviation between the interest rate differential and interest equivalent of the spread between the forward exchange rate and spot exchange rate. In a broader context, interest rate arbitrage activities may seek to take advantage of the interest rate differential between two currencies. Funds may be switched from one currency to another until the interest rate gap reflects the expected appreciation or depreciation of one currency against the other.
Currency note arbitrage: Activities that seek to profit from the deviation between the official exchange rate applicable to the issue and redemption of banknotes and the market exchange rate. For example, when the market exchange rate is stronger than the official exchange rate, banks can buy foreign currency in the foreign exchange market, surrender it to the Currency Board in exchange for domestic currency at the fixed exchange rate, and thereby make a profit from the differential between the two rates.
ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO)
A regional macroeconomic surveillance organization, established under the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralisation (CMIM) Agreement, to support the implementation of CMIM, and monitor the macroeconomic and financial soundness of all CMIM parties.
Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC)
Established in 1989, the goal of APEC is to advance Asia-Pacific economic dynamism and sense of community. Hong Kong is a member of APEC and HKMA representatives attend the APEC meetings for finance and central bank officials.
Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG)
An inter-governmental organisation, consisting of over 40 member jurisdictions in the Asia Pacific region, focused on ensuring that its members effectively implement the international standards against money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing related to weapons of mass destruction. The APG is one of the nine FATF-style regional bodies which are the associate members of the FATF. Hong Kong was one of the founding member of the APG in 1997.
Asian Bond Fund (ABF)
A fund initiated by the Executives' Meeting of East Asia-Pacific Central Banks (EMEAP) in 2002, with the aim of broadening and deepening regional and domestic bond markets in Asia. The ABF consists of two phases. In June 2003, EMEAP launched the first phase (ABF1), which invests in a basket of US dollar-denominated bonds issued by Asian sovereign and quasi-sovereign issuers in eight EMEAP economies (China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand). Building on the success of ABF1, EMEAP has worked to extend the ABF concept to bonds denominated in local currencies. It announced the launch of the second phase of ABF (ABF2) in December 2004.
ABF2 comprises the ABF Pan Asia Bond Index Fund (PAIF) and eight Single-Market Funds. The PAIF is a single bond fund investing in sovereign and quasi-sovereign local currency-denominated bonds issued in eight EMEAP markets. The eight Single-Market Funds will each invest in sovereign and quasi-sovereign local currency-denominated bonds issued in the respective EMEAP markets. The Single-Market Fund of Hong Kong, the ABF Hong Kong Bond Index Fund, is the first ever bond exchange-traded fund in Asia. Both the ABF Hong Kong Bond Index Fund and the PAIF are listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.
A multilateral development finance institution founded in 1966 by 31 member governments to promote the social and economic progress of the Asia-Pacific region. It now has 65 members - 47 from within the region and 18 from outside. Hong Kong has been a member of the ADB since 1969. The HKMA is responsible for matters relating to Hong Kong's participation in the ADB. HKMA officials attend the ADB's Annual Meetings and contribute to discussions on policy issues of common interest. Under the name "Hong Kong, China", the HKMA has continued to participate actively in the ADB's activities after 1 July 1997.
Asset quality
A description of the degree of financial strength and risk in a bank's assets, typically loans, investments, placements, and off-balance sheet items. Asset quality is normally measured by the level of a bank's classified assets, as well as overdue and rescheduled assets. The higher the level of classified assets and overdue and rescheduled assets, the lower the asset quality of a bank.
See also Loan Classification System.
Audit Sub-Committee (ASC)
A Sub-Committee established under the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee to review and report on the HKMA's financial reporting process and the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal control systems of the HKMA. The Sub-Committee reviews the HKMA's financial statements, and the composition and accounting principles adopted in such statements. It also examines and reviews with both the external and internal auditors the scope and results of their audits.
Authorized institutions
An institution authorized under the Banking Ordinance to carry on the business of taking deposits. Hong Kong maintains a Three-tier Banking System, which comprises banks, restricted licence banks and deposit-taking companies. Authorized institutions are supervised by the HKMA.
Automatic/Autopilot Adjustment Mechanism
The main device under a Currency Board System for maintaining currency stability. Under Hong Kong's Currency Board System, when banks sell US dollars to the HKMA, the inflow of funds causes the Aggregate Balance, and hence the Monetary Base, to expand. This expansion takes place because, in settling the deals, the HKMA credits the clearing accounts of these banks with the Hong Kong dollars required for settlement. Conversely, when banks sell Hong Kong dollars to the HKMA, the HKMA debits the clearing accounts of these banks, causing the Aggregate Balance, and hence the Monetary Base, to shrink. The expansion or contraction of the Monetary Base causes domestic interest rates to fall or rise respectively, thus creating the market conditions necessary to counteract the initial capital flows and restore exchange rate stability.
See also Linked Exchange Rate system.
Backing Assets/Backing Portfolio
Specific US dollar assets of the Exchange Fund that have been designated to back the Monetary Base. A statement of the Currency Board Account, which shows the value of the Backing Assets and the Monetary Base, has been published monthly since March 1999.
See also Backing Ratio, Investment Portfolio, Long-Term Growth Portfolio, Strategic Portfolio and foreign currency reserves .
Backing Ratio
The ratio between the Backing Assets and the Monetary Base. When the Currency Board Account was first set up, sufficient US dollar assets were transferred to the Currency Board Account to provide a 105% backing of the Monetary Base (Backing Portfolio). Movements in the Backing Ratio are subject to the effects of changes in the Monetary Base, revaluation gains or losses due to interest rate change, and the size of the net interest income. Net interest income refers to the excess of interest earnings from US dollar assets over interest payments on Exchange Fund paper. Under the Linked Exchange Rate System, although specific Exchange Fund assets have been designated for the Backing Portfolio, all Exchange Fund assets are available to support the Hong Kong dollar exchange rate.
Under a new arrangement approved by the Financial Secretary in January 2000, when the Backing Ratio reaches 112.5% (the upper trigger point), assets will be transferred out of the Backing Portfolio to the Investment Portfolio of the Exchange Fund assets to reduce the ratio to 110%. Conversely, should the ratio drop to 105% (the lower trigger point), assets will be injected from the Investment Portfolio to restore it to 107.5%. This arrangement enables a higher investment return on excess assets while ensuring sufficient liquid assets in the Backing Portfolio.
See also Backing Assets/Backing Portfolio .
A statutory write-off, cancellation, conversion into equity or modification of certain liabilities of a failing financial institution, in order to absorb losses of the institution and restore its capital position so as to enable it to carry on business for a reasonable period and maintain market confidence in it. It is one of the stabilization options available under the Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance.
A statistical statement that summarises, for a specific period, the economic transactions of an economy with the rest of world. A complete BoP account comprises the current account and the capital and financial account. In Hong Kong, while the quarterly BoP account is compiled from the reference period of the first quarter of 1999, the annual BoP account dates back to the reference period of 1998.
One of the three types of authorized institution in Hong Kong under the Banking Ordinance. Banks are the only institutions permitted to carry on banking business.
See also deposit-taking company, licensed bank, restricted licence bank and Three-tier Banking System.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
An international organisation founded in 1930 to foster international monetary and financial co-operation and serves as a bank for central banks. The BIS provides secretariat support for G-10 and other central banking committees, which include the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, the Committee on the Global Financial System, the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, the Markets Committee, and the Central Bank Governance Steering Group looking into issues relating to the promotion of global financial stability. The HKMA joined the BIS in 1996. In July 1998, the BIS opened its first representative office for Asia and the Pacific in Hong Kong. Between September 1999 and March 2006, the HKMA chaired the Central Bank Governance Steering Group. The HKMA now participates in BIS Annual Meetings, and in some of its committee and working group meetings.
Bank for International Settlements Asian Consultative Council
A forum established in 2001 to provide a vehicle for communication between the Asian and Pacific members of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and its Board and management on matters of interest and concern to the Asian central bank community. The forum comprises the Governors of the BIS member central banks in the Asia-Pacific region. The HKMA is a member; it chaired the forum from June 2003 to June 2005.
Banking Advisory Committee (BAC)
A committee established under the Banking Ordinance to advise the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (CE/SAR) on matters relating to the Banking Ordinance, in particular in relation to banks and the carrying on of banking business. The BAC is chaired by the Financial Secretary. Its members include the Monetary Authority and persons appointed by the Financial Secretary under the delegated authority conferred by the CE/SAR.
See also Deposit-Taking Companies Advisory Committee.
Banking book
This refers to the on-balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet exposures held by the authorized institutions other than assets and exposures categorised under the trading book.
Banking business
Under the Banking Ordinance, banking business means the business of either or both of the following:
(a) receiving from the general public money on current, deposit, savings or other similar account repayable on demand or within less than three months;
(b) paying or collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers.
Banking (Capital) Rules (BCR)
A piece of subsidiary legislation made by the Monetary Authority under section 97C of the Banking Ordinance to prescribe capital requirements for authorized institutions incorporated in Hong Kong, taking into account the risks associated with the institutions.
Banking (Disclosure) Rules (BDR)
A piece of subsidiary legislation made by the Monetary Authority under section 60A of the Banking Ordinance to set out the minimum standards for public disclosure which authorized institutions must make in respect of their state of affairs, profit and loss and financial resources (including capital resources and liquidity resources).
The Banking (Disclosure) Rules apply to both locally incorporated and overseas incorporated authorized institutions, except for those falling within certain exemption criteria as specified in the Banking (Disclosure) Rules.
Banking licence
A licence granted by the Monetary Authority under the Banking Ordinance to a body corporate incorporated in or outside of Hong Kong wishing to carry on banking business in Hong Kong. Under the minimum criteria for authorization, certain conditions must be satisfied before a banking licence can be granted.
Banking Ordinance
The statute providing the legal framework for banking supervision in Hong Kong. The Banking Ordinance provides for the authorization and supervision of authorized institutions so as to provide a measure of protection to depositors and to promote the general stability and effective working of the banking system. The Banking Ordinance also provides for the approval and supervision of money brokers. The Banking Ordinance is regularly reviewed in the light of practical experience and to take account of developments in the banking industry.
Banking Review Tribunal
A tribunal established under section 101A(1) of the Banking Ordinance to hear appeals brought up by authorized institutions against certain decisions made by the Monetary Authority under the Banking Ordinance or its subsidiary legislation in relation to capital, liquidity and disclosure requirements, recovery planning and limitations on exposures and interests.
Banking Sector Reform Programme
The HKMA announced in July 1999 a three-year reform programme to further develop the banking sector in Hong Kong. The objectives of the reform programme are twofold: first, to encourage market liberalisation and enhance competitiveness in the banking sector; and, secondly, to strengthen banking infrastructure with the objective of enhancing the safety and soundness of the sector. The package of policy initiatives includes, among others, the removal of the "one-building" condition, deregulation of the Interest Rates Rules, a consultancy study on enhancing deposit protection and a study on the establishment of a commercial credit reference agency. All the policy initiatives contained in the reform programme have been completed.
Banking Supervision Review Committee
A committee established in 1996 within the HKMA to consider, advise and make recommendations to the Monetary Authority on major authorization matters under the Banking Ordinance. The principal objectives of the Committee are to ensure that decisions on authorization matters are taken in a fair and reasonable manner and to strengthen internal checks and balances.
Banknote
A note issued by a bank promising to pay the bearer the par value of the note on demand.
The interest rate forming the foundation upon which the Discount Rates for repurchase-agreement transactions through the Discount Window are computed. The Base Rate is currently set at 50 basis points above the lower end of the prevailing target range for the US federal funds rate or the average of the five-day moving averages of the overnight and one-month HIBORs, whichever is the higher. The HKMA announces the Base Rate every day before the interbank market opens in Hong Kong.
Basel II
A framework published by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in June 2004 for regulating the capital adequacy of banks. Replacing the Capital Accord (also known as Basel I) issued in 1988, Basel II offers implementing jurisdictions a more comprehensive and risk-sensitive framework that aligns regulatory capital requirements of banks more closely with the inherent risks they face. It consists of three pillars:
minimum capital requirements
supervisory review process
market discipline.
See also internal ratings-based approach and standardized (credit risk) approach.
A package of regulatory reforms introduced by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel Committee), including (i) various enhancements to the international regulatory capital standards and (ii) new international liquidity standards, with a view to promoting the resilience of banks and banking systems to financial stress.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel Committee)
The primary global standard setter for the prudential regulation of banks and provides a forum for cooperation on banking supervisory matters. Its mandate is to strengthen the regulation, supervision and practices of banks worldwide with the purpose of enhancing financial stability. It comprises representatives of central banks and supervisory authorities from 28 jurisdictions. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority became a member in 2009.
Basic approach
One of the approaches set out in the Banking (Capital) Rules that authorized institutions incorporated in Hong Kong may choose for the calculation of minimum capital requirements for their credit risk. This approach is essentially a modification of the Capital Accord issued in 1988 (Basel I) and is mainly intended for use, with the prior approval of the HKMA, by authorized institutions with small, simple and straightforward operations.
See also standardized (credit risk) approach.
Bilateral netting
A legally enforceable arrangement between two parties under which, in the event of a party's default, the amount the non-defaulting party is to receive from (or pay to) the defaulting party is a net sum determined by netting the amounts receivable from and the amounts payable to the defaulting party under all transactions covered by the arrangement.
Bridge institution
A company created for the purpose of receiving a transfer, under the Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance, of all or part of a failing financial institution’s issued securities, assets, rights or liabilities and effecting a timely disposal of the same to a purchaser.
CAMEL rating system
An internationally recognised framework for assessing the Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management, Earnings and Liquidity of banks. The primary purpose of CAMEL is to help identify institutions whose weaknesses require special supervisory attention. The overall rating is expressed on a scale of one to five in ascending order of supervisory concern: "1" indicates the highest rating and least degree of concern; "5" represents the lowest rating and highest degree of concern. The HKMA has adopted the CAMEL rating system to assess the financial condition and overall soundness of authorized institutions in Hong Kong.
Capital Accord
An accord reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 1988 (now commonly known as Basel I), which has been applied to Hong Kong since 1989. The Capital Accord sets out the framework for measuring the capital adequacy of banks, by requiring them to hold a minimum level of capital for their exposures to credit risk, expressed as a minimum ratio between a bank's capital base and its risk weighted assets. The Capital Accord promotes soundness and stability in the international banking system and aims at reducing sources of competitive inequality among international banks. It has been revised to address the issues of bilateral netting, multilateral netting and market risks arising from banks' open positions in various financial instruments.
Capital adequacy ratio (CAR)
CAR is a collective term referring to the three risk-weighted capital ratios, namely the (a) Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio; (b) Tier 1 capital ratio; and (c) Total capital ratio, prescribed under Basel III. The ratio is intended to be a measurement of a bank’s capital position in respect of its exposures to credit risk, market risk, operational risk and sovereign concentration risk. The Banking (Capital) Rules made under section 97C of the Banking Ordinance stipulates that locally incorporated authorized institutions must maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of not less than 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of not less than 6% and a Total capital ratio of not less than 8%, but the Monetary Authority may under section 97F of the Ordinance increase the minimum above ratios applicable to an authorized institution, taking into account the risks associated with the institution. Each locally incorporated authorized institution is assigned a set of minimum ratios on an unconsolidated (solo) basis or on both a consolidated and unconsolidated basis.
The method based on which a locally incorporated authorized institution should calculate its CAR is set out in detail in the Banking (Capital) Rules. The standards set out in the Rules are in line with the international capital standards released by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
Consolidated basis: In the calculation of the consolidated CAR, the consolidated position of the institution covers its local and overseas branches and the subsidiaries specified by the HKMA.
Solo basis: In the calculation of the solo CAR, the combined position of the institution's local and overseas branches is covered.
Capital buffers
Capital buffers consist of three components: 1) the capital conservation buffer, 2) the countercyclical capital buffer and, 3) for authorized institutions considered as systemically important by the Monetary Authority, a higher loss absorbency buffer.
The capital buffers, which must be met by Common Equity Tier 1 capital, are intended to bolster resilience of the banking sector against adverse economic developments and, in the case of the higher loss absorbency buffer, to limit potential negative externalities posed by systemically important authorized institutions were they to become non-viable. If any of the capital buffers maintained by an authorized institution is lower than the level prescribed in the Banking (Capital) Rules, the institution will be subject to restrictions on its ability to make distributions so that it can restore the capital buffer to the desired level.
Central clearing
A function carried out by a central counterparty through which financial performance of financial contracts is guaranteed, thereby mitigating the counterparty credit risk faced by the sellers and the buyers of the contracts.
Central counterparty
An entity that interposes itself between the buyers and the sellers of financial contracts such that it becomes the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer of the contracts for the purposes of clearing and settling the contracts.
Central Moneymarkets Unit (CMU)
A clearing system operated by the HKMA. The CMU comprises computerised clearing, settlement and custodian facilities for Exchange Fund Bills and Notes, bonds issued by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and debt securities issued by both public and private sector entities.
Certificate of finality
A certificate issued to designated systems meeting certain criteria specified under the Clearing and Settlement Systems Ordinance. The certificate provides statutory backing to the finality of settlement for transactions made through designated systems by protecting the settlement finality from insolvency laws or any other laws.
Certificates of Indebtedness
Certificates issued by the Financial Secretary under the Exchange Fund Ordinance, to be held by note-issuing banks as cover for the banknotes they issue. The note-issuing banks are required to submit US dollars to the HKMA in return for the Certificates at the rate of HK$7.80 to US$1.
Charge-off ratio
The ratio of the total amount of loans written off during a period to total outstanding amount of loans at the end of that period. This ratio measures the gross credit loss of a loan portfolio over a specified period of time. Charge-off policies vary from institution to institution. For credit card lending, normally, an account will be written off when the receivable has been overdue for more than 180 days or when the ultimate repayment of the receivable is unlikely (e.g. the cardholder is bankrupt or cannot be located). To better assess the asset quality of the credit card lending portfolio, the credit card charge-off ratio should be read in conjunction with the delinquency ratio. The charge-off ratio is annualised, whereas the delinquency ratio is measured by using the period-end position.
CHATS Optimiser
The CHATS Optimiser is a system mechanism that settles paper cheques and large-value Clearing House Automated Transfer System (CHATS) payments simultaneously and in an offsetting manner. Paper cheques are settled daily in a bulk run at a specific time by multilateral netting. When the amounts required to settle paper cheque payments are substantial, banks, having known their net cheque settlement positions, may make use of the CHATS Optimiser to make offsetting CHATS payments to their counterparties during the bulk settlement run. This helps the banks to manage their liquidity positions more efficiently and relieves them from the need to sit on substantial amounts of money for meeting their payment obligations in the bulk settlement run.
Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralisation (CMIM)
A regional multilateral arrangement under the aegis of ASEAN+3 to provide US dollar support through currency swaps to participants facing liquidity shortages and/or balance of payments difficulties.
Classified loans
Loans that are classified as "substandard", "doubtful" or "loss" under the HKMA's Loan Classification System.
Clearing account
The account maintained by banks with the central bank, or clearing house, for the purpose of paying and settling transactions between the banks themselves or between the banks and the central bank.
Clearing and settlement system
A system established for (i) the clearing or settlement of payment obligations, (ii) the clearing or settlement of obligations for the transfer of book entry securities, or the transfer of such securities.
Clearing House Automated Transfer System (CHATS)
A computer-based system established in Hong Kong for the electronic processing and settlement of interbank fund transfers. CHATS operates in a Real Time Gross Settlement mode between banks in Hong Kong and is designed for large-value interbank payments. Banks using CHATS are connected to the clearing house computer operated by Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited.
Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA)
A free trade agreement entered into between the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China on 29 June 2003 giving preferential access to the Mainland market for Hong Kong companies. CEPA aims at strengthening trade and investment co-operation between the Mainland and Hong Kong through progressively reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers on trade in goods and services, and facilitating trade and investment activities. CEPA is designed to offer new business opportunities on the Mainland for Hong Kong enterprises and professionals and increase Hong Kong's attractiveness to overseas investors.
CMU Bond Price Bulletin
A website https://www.cmu.org.hk developed by the Central Moneymarkets Unit (CMU) of the HKMA to increase product and pricing transparency in the bond market. It allows banks and financial institutions to quote indicative bid and offer prices for bonds and to provide related bond information, making it easier for retail investors to participate in the bond market.
Code of Banking Practice
A voluntary code jointly produced by the Hong Kong Association of Banks and the DTC Association with the endorsement of the HKMA. The Code took effect on 14 July 1997. It sets out the minimum standards for a wide range of personal banking services provided by authorized institutions, including the operation of accounts and loans, card services, payment services and debt collection. The HKMA requires all authorized institutions to comply with the Code and monitors authorized institutions' compliance with the Code as part of its regular supervision. The Code is subject to review and revision from time to time.
A code approved by the Monetary Authority under section 97M of the Banking Ordinance to provide guidance in respect of any of the provisions in any rules made by the Monetary Authority under section 60A(1), 81A(1), 97C(1) or 97H(1) of the Banking Ordinance in relation to disclosure requirements, limitations on exposures and interests, capital requirements and liquidity requirements applicable to authorized institutions.
Code of Practice for Payment Card Scheme Operators
A voluntary code jointly produced by eight payment card scheme operators in Hong Kong with the endorsement of the HKMA. The Code of Practice for Payment Card Scheme Operators (the Code) took effect in 2007 with a revision on 13 November 2015. The Code specifies general principles for the scheme operators to observe in order to promote the general safety and efficiency of payment cards in Hong Kong and to foster public confidence in them.
Coinage Ordinance
A statute enacted in 1994 to make provision for the issue of legal tender coins in Hong Kong.
See also Legal Tender Notes Issue Ordinance.
Commercial credit reference agency
See credit reference agency.
Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI)
A committee hosted by the Bank for International Settlements that sets international standards to promote, monitor and make recommendations about the safety and efficiency of payment, clearing, settlement and related arrangements, thereby supporting financial stability and the wider economy.
Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS)
Formerly known as the Euro-Currency Standing Committee, the CGFS is one of the four standing committees under the Bank for International Settlements. The Committee has three major tasks: systematic short-term monitoring of global financial system conditions; long-term analysis of the functioning of financial markets; and the articulation of policy recommendations aimed at improving market functioning and promoting stability. The Committee meets quarterly in Basel. The HKMA is not a member but has been regularly invited to participate in CGFS meetings.
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (CET1 capital)
Common Equity Tier 1 capital is generally regarded as having the highest loss absorption capacity among different types of an authorized institution’s capital. It includes capital instruments that meet the qualifying criteria set out in Schedule 4A to the Banking (Capital) Rules, share premium resulting from the issue of Common Equity Tier 1 capital instruments, retained earnings, other disclosed reserves, and minority interests arising from Common Equity Tier 1 capital instruments issued by consolidated bank subsidiaries of the authorized institution and held by third parties.
See also capital buffers and Tier 1 capital.
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio
A ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of the authorized institution’s Common Equity Tier 1 capital to the sum of the institution’s total risk-weighted amount for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and sovereign concentration risk, as determined in accordance with the Banking (Capital) Rules.
See also capital adequacy ratio.
Consolidated supervision
The global supervision by the HKMA of locally incorporated authorized institutions. The supervision embraces, among other matters, capital adequacy, concentration of exposures, and liquidity. It covers an institution's subsidiaries as well as local and overseas branches. The main objective is to enable the HKMA to assess any weaknesses within a banking or financial group that may affect the authorized institution itself, and, if possible, to initiate preventive or remedial action.
Continuous Linked Settlement (CLS) System
A global clearing and settlement system for cross-border foreign exchange transactions. The System is operated by CLS bank International which is owned by over 70 global banking and financial institutions. It enables foreign exchange transactions involving the CLS eligible currencies to be settled through the CLS System on a payment-versus-payment basis, thus eliminating the settlement risk in these transactions. The Hong Kong dollar is an eligible currency of the CLS System.
Convertibility Undertaking
An undertaking by a central bank or Currency Board to convert domestic currency into foreign currency and vice versa at a fixed exchange rate. In Hong Kong, the HKMA operates Convertibility Undertakings on both the strong side and the weak side of the Linked Rate of 7.80. Under the strong-side Convertibility Undertaking, the HKMA undertakes to buy US dollars from licensed banks at 7.75. Under the weak-side Convertibility Undertaking, the HKMA undertakes to sell US dollars at 7.85. Within the Convertibility Zone between 7.75 and 7.85, the HKMA may choose to conduct market operations consistent with Currency Board principles with the aim of promoting the smooth functioning of the money and foreign exchange markets.
The four broad principles governing these operations are
(1) All operations within the Convertibility Zone should be carried out in strict accordance with Currency Board rules: that is, both the stock and changes in the Monetary Base should be fully backed by US dollar assets.
(2) The primary objective of any operations should be to preserve exchange rate stability implied by the Linked Exchange Rate system and to maintain confidence in the system.
(3) Operations might be undertaken to support such interest rate adjustments as would maintain exchange rate stability under the Linked Exchange Rate system, and would avoid destabilising behaviour in interest rates.
(4) Operations might also be undertaken in order to remove market anomalies.
See also Currency Board System.
Cooperation Agreement (COAG)
An institution-specific cross-border cooperation agreement between the institution’s home and relevant host resolution authorities that need to be involved in the planning and crisis resolution stages of the institution. Pursuant to Key Attribute 9, COAGs should be in place for all global systemically important financial institutions at a minimum.
Core Funding Ratio (CFR)
A ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of a category 2A institution’s “available core funding” to the amount of the institution’s “required core funding”.
Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision
A set of minimum standards for sound prudential regulation and supervision of banks and banking systems issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. They are used by jurisdictions as a benchmark for assessing the quality of their supervisory systems and for identifying future work to achieve a baseline level of sound supervisory practices. They are also used by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in the context of the Financial Sector Assessment Program, to assess the effectiveness of jurisdictions’ banking supervisory systems and practices.
Corporate governance refers to the processes and the related organisational structures, by which organisations are directed, controlled and held to account. It involves a set of relationships between a company's management, its board, its shareholders, and other stakeholders. In the banking industry, corporate governance signifies the manner in which the business and affairs of individual banks are directed and managed by their board of directors and senior management. It also provides the structure through which the objectives of the institution are set, the strategy of attaining those objectives is determined and the performance of the institution is monitored.
The HKMA has issued a number of guidelines on corporate governance applicable to all authorized institutions in Hong Kong since 2000. These guidelines are reviewed by the HKMA on a regular basis to take into account international developments and to keep in pace with international best practice.
Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB)
The CCyB is a part of the Basel III regulatory capital framework. In essence it is a mechanism to build up additional capital during periods of excessive credit growth when risks of system-wide stress are observed to be growing markedly. This capital can then be “released” when the credit cycle turns to absorb losses and enable the banking system to continue lending in the subsequent downturn.
See also capital buffers.
Counterparty credit risk (CCR)
A credit risk that the counterparty to a financial contract could default before the final settlement of the cash flows of the contract. The key difference between CCR and the credit risk incurred by granting a loan is that the amount of CCR exposure will vary with the market value of the contract throughout its life and either counterparty to the contract may suffer a loss.
Credit reference agency / Credit bureau
An entity that engages in the collection, maintenance and dissemination of information about borrowers' creditworthiness to facilitate credit assessment by credit providers. The handling of consumer credit information is governed by the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance and the Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data issued thereunder. In Hong Kong, the credit reference agencies that handle consumer and/or commercial credit information are privately owned. The establishment of a commercial credit reference agency (CCRA) is one of the policy initiatives contained in the Banking Sector Reform Programme. The initiative aims to address the need for authorized institutions to have better information about their corporate customers, particularly in relation to small and medium sized enterprises. The CCRA in Hong Kong commenced operation in November 2004.
The risk of a borrower or counterparty failing to meet its obligations.
Crisis Management Group (CMG)
An institution-specific group maintained by the institution’s home and key host resolution authorities, with the objective of enhancing preparedness for, and facilitating the management and resolution of, a cross-border financial crisis affecting the institution. Pursuant to Key Attribute 8, CMGs should be in place for all global systemically important financial institutions.
Critical financial function
An activity or operation carried on, or a service provided, by a financial institution on which an entity (other than a group company of that financial institution) relies; and that, if discontinued, would be likely to i) lead to the disruption of services that are essential to the economy of Hong Kong; ii) undermine the general confidence of participants in the financial market in Hong Kong; or iii) give rise to contagion within the financial system of Hong Kong.
Currency Board Account
The Currency Board Account lists the various liabilities and assets relating to the operations of the Currency Board System. On the asset side, it shows US dollar assets designated to back the Monetary Base. On the liability side, it shows the Monetary Base, which includes banknotes and coins issued, the Aggregate Balance, and the outstanding amount of debt paper issued by the Currency Board.
Currency Board Committee (CBC)
A Sub-Committee established under the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee in August 1998 to oversee the operation of the Currency Board System in Hong Kong and to recommend to the Financial Secretary, where appropriate, measures to enhance the robustness and effectiveness of Hong Kong's Currency Board arrangements. The Sub-Committee is chaired by the Chief Executive of the HKMA. Its members include professionals in the financial industry, academics, and senior officials of the HKMA.
Currency Board System
A monetary system that complies with the Monetary Rule requiring that any change in the Monetary Base should be matched by a corresponding change in foreign currency reserves in a specified foreign currency at a fixed exchange rate. In operational terms, the Monetary Rule often takes the form of an undertaking by the Currency Board to convert domestic currency into foreign currency reserves at the fixed exchange rate.
See also Automatic/Autopilot Adjustment Mechanism, Aggregate Balance, Convertibility Undertaking and Linked Exchange Rate system.
Customer due diligence (CDD)
Specified financial institutions, including Authorized Institutions, and designated non-financial businesses and professions are required under the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing Ordinance to carry out customer due diligence (CDD) measures in certain circumstances, such as before establishing a business relationship with a customer. CDD measures generally include the identification and verification of identity of a customer, any beneficial owner of the customer and any person purporting to act on behalf of the customer, as well as obtaining information on the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship established.
Cyber Intelligence Sharing Platform (CISP)
One of the pillars of the Cybersecurity Fortification Initiative (CFI). It provides an effective infrastructure for sharing intelligence on cyber attacks. The timeliness of receiving alerts or warnings from a commonly shared intelligence platform will help the banking sector as a whole to prepare for possible cyber attacks. The platform was launched by the HKMA in collaboration with the Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute and the Hong Kong Association of Banks.
Cyber Resilience Assessment Framework (C-RAF)
One of the pillars of the Cybersecurity Fortification Initiative (CFI). It is a risk-based framework for Authorized Institutions to assess their own risk profiles and benchmark the level of defence and resilience that would be required to accord appropriate protection against cyber attacks.
On the other hand, Stored Value Facilities Licensees are subject to another C-RAF which is specifically designed for them given their different business nature and risk profile. The C-RAF for SVF licensees does not form part of the CFI as the CFI is for Hong Kong’s banking sector.
Cybersecurity Fortification Initiative (CFI)
The Cybersecurity Fortification Initiative (CFI) was implemented with a view to raising the cyber resilience of Hong Kong’s banking system. It is underpinned by three pillars: Cyber Resilience Assessment Framework (C-RAF), Professional Development Programme (PDP) , and Cyber Intelligence Sharing Platform (CISP).
Debt servicing ratio (DSR)
The monthly repayment obligations of the borrower as a percentage of monthly income.
Delinquency ratio
The ratio of the total amount of loans overdue for more than three months to total outstanding amount of loans. This ratio provides an indication of the asset quality of the loan portfolio.
Delivery versus payment (DvP)
A securities delivery arrangement in which the delivery of securities takes place as soon as payment is made for them and confirmed final and irrevocable.
See also payment versus payment (PvP) .
Deposit Protection Scheme
A scheme to provide statutory protection to bank depositors. Established and maintained by the Hong Kong Deposit Protection Board, the Scheme would help strengthen public confidence in the banking system and contribute to the maintenance of financial stability. All licensed banks in Hong Kong are members of the scheme unless otherwise exempted by the Board.
Deposit Protection Scheme Ordinance
The Ordinance was enacted on 5 May 2004 to provide for the establishment of a deposit protection scheme in Hong Kong.
Deposit-Taking Companies Advisory Committee (DTCAC)
A committee to advise the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (CE/SAR) on matters relating to the Banking Ordinance, in particular those relating to the business of deposit-taking companies and restricted licence banks. The DTCAC is chaired by the Financial Secretary and is composed of the Monetary Authority and other members appointed by the Financial Secretary under the delegated authority conferred by the CE/SAR.
See also Banking Advisory Committee.
Deposit-taking company
One of the three types of authorized institutions in Hong Kong under the Banking Ordinance. Deposit-taking companies are restricted to taking deposits of HK$100,000 or more with an original term to maturity of at least three months. These companies are mostly owned by, or otherwise associated with, banks. They engage in a range of specialised activities, including consumer finance, trade finance and securities business.
See also licensed bank, restricted licence bank and Three-tier Banking System.
De-risking
The phenomenon of financial institutions terminating or restricting business relationships with clients or categories of clients to avoid, rather than manage, risk in line with a risk-based approach. De-risking can be the result of various drivers, such as concerns about profitability, prudential requirements, anxiety after the global financial crisis, and reputational risk. It is a misconception to characterise de-risking exclusively as an anti-money laundering issue.
See also Financial Inclusion.
A financial contract whose value is derived from the value of single or multiple underlying assets, indices or events. Common underlying assets include foreign currencies, equities, credit, debt securities, and commodities. Derivatives can be used for hedging, enhancing investment yield, or taking arbitrage opportunities, and cover a wide range of financial contracts including forwards, futures, options, swaps and their various combinations and variations.
Designated system
A payment system (which is a clearing and settlement system or a retail payment system, as the case may be) designated under the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance (PSSVFO). A payment system (i) whose proper functioning is material to the monetary or financial stability of Hong Kong or to the functioning of Hong Kong as an international financial centre, or (ii) having regard to matters of significant public interest may become a designated system under the PSSVFO . Designated systems are subject to oversight by the HKMA.
The interest rate at which banks obtain overnight Hong Kong dollar liquidity from the HKMA through repurchase agreements involving Exchange Fund paper or other eligible paper under the Discount Window. The Discount Rate consists of two tiers:
Percentage of Exchange Fund Paper held by a bank Applicable Discount Rate
First 50 per cent
Next 50 per cent
Base Rate plus 5 per cent or overnight HIBOR for the day, whichever is higher
Discount Window
In Hong Kong, the facility through which banks can borrow Hong Kong dollar funds overnight from the HKMA through repurchase agreements using eligible securities as collateral.
See also Discount Rate.
Dollarisation
The substitution of the domestic currency by a foreign currency (in most cases, the US dollar) as a unit of account, store of value, and medium of exchange. Dollarisation can be official or unofficial. Official dollarisation refers to the use of a foreign currency as legal tender in the local economy. Unofficial dollarisation refers to the informal, yet popular, use of a foreign currency, usually in parallel with the circulation of the local currency.
Domestic Systemically Important Authorized Institution (D-SIB)
An authorized institution (AI) would be considered a D-SIB if in the opinion of the Monetary Authority the risks associated with the AI are such as to render the AI capable of having a significant impact on the effective working and stability of the banking or financial system of Hong Kong were the AI to become non-viable.
See also Systemically Important Authorized Institution (SIB).
Doubtful loans
See Loan Classification System.
DTC Association (DTCA)
Established in 1981 under the Companies Ordinance, the DTCA was originally known as the Hong Kong Association of Restricted Licence banks and Deposit-Taking Companies. Any restricted licence bank or deposit-taking company may join the DTCA. The objectives of the DTCA include furthering the general interests of restricted licence banks and deposit-taking companies, serving as an intermediary between the Government and members, and acting as a consultative body to the Government on matters concerning the business of taking deposits in Hong Kong.
See also Hong Kong Association of Banks.
Effective Exchange Rate Index for the Hong Kong Dollar (EERI)
The nominal effective exchange rate indices (NEERI) compiled by the Census and Statistics Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region that measure movements in the weighted average of the nominal exchange rate of the Hong Kong dollar against the currencies of Hong Kong's principal trading partners. The real effective exchange rate index (REERI) measures weighted average of nominal effective exchange rates against the currencies of principal trading partners, adjusted for relative movements in price or cost indicators against those selected trading partners. In effect, the measure reflects the movement of prices of Hong Kong's goods and services relative to those of its major trading partners, and thus is often cited as our indicator of price competitiveness. There is no single measure of REERI, as the index may be constructed using different price indices based on consumer prices, export prices and unit labour costs.
Electronic banking/e-banking
Banking services delivered through a public or private network, including the Internet and wireless communication networks. Customers may gain access to e-banking services using an electronic device, such as a personal computer (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA), automated teller machine (ATM), kiosk, or touch-tone telephone.
See also Internet banking.
Electronic clearing (ECG)
A computerised system for clearing and settling various types of electronic payments through Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited. These payments include autopay, electronic clearing items generated by the securities clearing and settlement system (the Central Clearing and Settlement System operated by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited), and the point-of-sale clearing and settlement system. Settlement by ECG is on a next-day batch-run basis.
Electronic Delivery Programme
A programme for delivering circulars and guidelines to authorized institutions through the HKMA's Private Website.
Electronic money/e-money
Electronic money products are defined as stored value or prepaid products in which a record of the funds or value available to the consumer is stored on an electronic device in the consumer's possession. This includes both prepaid cards (sometimes called electronic purses) and prepaid software products that use computer networks such as the Internet (sometimes called digital cash). These products differ from so-called access products that allow consumers to use electronic means of communication to access otherwise conventional payment services (for example, use of the Internet to make a credit card payment or for general "on-line banking").
Electronic wallet / e-wallet
A stored value facility that allows users to use a mobile device or a computer to make purchases or payments to another person using value stored in the user’s account. Some e-wallets also allow users to link other channels (e.g. credit /debit card, bank account etc.) as a funding source.
Enhanced Competency Framework for Banking Practitioners (ECF)
A set of common and transparent competency standards that enables more effective training for new entrants and professional development for existing practitioners, which is conducive to enhancing the level of core competence and on-going talent development of banking practitioners. The ECF covers six professional work streams: (i) Anti-money Laundering and Counter-Financing of Terrorism, (ii) Cybersecurity, (iii) Treasury Management, (iv) Retail Wealth Management, (v) Credit Risk Management and (vi) Risk Management and Compliance.
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) are factors that can impact sustainability of a company and they cover non-financial considerations, including environmental protection, climate change, pollution, social impact, governance, and anti-corruption.
See also responsible investment.
Euro Clearing System
A clearing system introduced in Hong Kong in April 2003 to improve settlement efficiency and reduce settlement risk of euro transactions in Asian time. Like the Hong Kong Dollar, US Dollar and Renminbi Clearing Systems, the Euro Clearing System offers Real Time Gross Settlement for euro payments and payment versus payment settlement for EUR/USD, EUR/RMB and EUR/HKD foreign exchange transactions. The system is also linked to the Central Moneymarkets Unit to provide delivery versus payment settlement of euro-denominated debt securities and repurchase agreement facilities.
See also Hong Kong Dollar Clearing System, US Dollar Clearing System and Renminbi Clearing System.
A fund established in 1935 by the Currency Ordinance (later renamed the Exchange Fund Ordinance) as a reserve to back the issue of Hong Kong's banknotes. In 1976, the bulk of the foreign exchange assets of the Government's General Revenue Account and all of the assets of the Coinage Security Fund (i.e. funds received against the issue of coin) were transferred to the Exchange Fund and debt certificates were issued in exchange. Thus, the resources available to regulate the exchange value of the Hong Kong dollar were centralised in the Fund. The Exchange Fund is under the control of the Financial Secretary and is used primarily for 'affecting, either directly or indirectly the exchange value of the currency of Hong Kong'. In addition, it may be used to maintain the stability and integrity of the monetary and financial systems of Hong Kong with a view to maintaining Hong Kong as an international financial centre. The Exchange Fund may be held in Hong Kong currency, foreign exchange, gold or silver, or in such securities or assets as the Financial Secretary considers appropriate after having consulted the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee. The Monetary Authority is appointed by the Financial Secretary to manage the Exchange Fund, among other duties.
Exchange Fund Advisory Committee (EFAC)
Under section 3(1) of the Exchange Fund Ordinance, the Financial Secretary exercises control over the Exchange Fund in consultation with an Exchange Fund Advisory Committee (EFAC). The Financial Secretary is ex-officio chairman of EFAC. The other members are appointed by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. EFAC advises the Financial Secretary on general policy on the investment of the Exchange Fund.
EFAC is assisted in its work by five sub-committees, which monitor specific areas of the HKMA's work and report and make recommendations to the Financial Secretary through EFAC. The Governance Sub-Committee monitors the performance of the HKMA and makes recommendations on remuneration and human resources policies, and on budgetary, administrative and governance issues. The other four Sub-Committees are the Audit Sub-Committee, Currency Board Sub-Committee, Investment Sub-Committee and Financial Infrastructure and Market Development Sub-Committee.
Exchange Fund Bills and Notes (EFBNs)
Exchange Fund Bills and Notes (EFBNs) are Hong Kong dollar debt securities issued by the HKMA. They constitute direct, unsecured, unconditional and general obligations of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government for the account of the Exchange Fund and have the same status as all other unsecured debt of the Government.
The EFBN Issuance Programme ensures the supply of a significant amount of high-quality Hong Kong dollar debt papers, which can be employed as trading, investment and liquidity management instruments. Banks that maintain Hong Kong dollar clearing accounts with the HKMA may arrange repurchase agreements using their holdings of Exchange Fund papers (and other eligible securities) as collateral to obtain overnight liquidity from the HKMA through the Discount Window.
Exchange Fund Bills and Notes Indicative Pricings
The HKMA publishes indicative pricings for Exchange Fund Bills and Notes (EFBNs) two times a day. The indicative pricings are calculated by Reuters based on indicative bid and ask quotes provided by the Eligible Market Markers designated by the HKMA .
Exchange Fund Investment Limited (EFIL)
EFIL is a private limited company established in October 1998 under the Companies Ordinance by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to i) manage the Hong Kong equity portfolio of the Exchange Fund (consisting of the Hang Seng Index constituent stocks acquired in theHKMA's August 1998 market operation and the portfolio transferred from the Land Fund to the Exchange Fund in November 1998), and ii) to dispose of the Exchange Fund's Hong Kong equity portfolio (other than a long-term Investment Portfolio) with minimum disruption to the market. A total of HK$140.4 billion worth of Hong Kong stocks was disposed of through the initial public offering of the Tracker Fund of Hong Kong (TraHK) and the subsequent quarterly Tap Facility of TraHK. The disposal programme was completed on 15 October 2002. The HKMA took over responsibility for the management of the Exchange Fund's Hong Kong equity portfolio from EFIL in January 2003.
Exchange Fund Ordinance
A statute originally enacted as the Currency Ordinance of 1935. The Exchange Fund Ordinance makes provision for the establishment and management of the Exchange Fund and the employment of its assets. The Ordinance requires that the Exchange Fund "shall be used primarily for such purposes as the Financial Secretary thinks fit affecting, either directly or indirectly the exchange value of the currency of Hong Kong and for other purposes incidental thereto." The Financial Secretary may, having regard to that primary purpose and with a view to maintaining Hong Kong as an international financial centre, use the Exchange Fund for maintaining the stability and integrity of the monetary and financial systems of Hong Kong. It also empowers the Financial Secretary to appoint the Monetary Authority to manage the Exchange Fund, among other duties.
Exchange-traded fund (ETF)
A listed bond or equity fund that seeks to achieve a total return corresponding to that of its benchmark index by investing in all or a representative sample of the constituent securities of the benchmark index (benchmark securities).
One of the unique features of an ETF is the provision of an in-kind creation and redemption mechanism, which helps ensure that the trading price of fund units will be close to the net asset value per unit. Under this mechanism, units of the ETF can be created by surrendering a specified basket of benchmark securities to the fund. In the case of redemption, the fund will provide a basket of benchmark securities in exchange for the units being redeemed. In most cases, there is a minimum size for in-kind transactions.
See also Tracker Fund of Hong Kong.
In relation to an authorized institution incorporated in Hong Kong, directors who have definable management responsibilities in addition to their functions as directors.
See also independent directors and non-executive directors.
An individual appointed by a registered institution to directly supervise the conduct of one or more regulated activities of that registered institution. Such officer must have received prior written consent from the Monetary Authority. “Executive officer” has the meaning set out in §2 of the Banking Ordinance.
Executives' Meeting of East Asia-Pacific Central Banks (EMEAP)
A forum of central banks and monetary authorities in the East Asia and Pacific region established in 1991. Executives' Meeting of East Asia-Pacific Central Banks (EMEAP)'s primary objective is to strengthen co-operation among its members. The eleven members include the Reserve Bank of Australia, People's Bank of China, the HKMA, Bank Indonesia, Bank of Japan, Bank of Korea, Bank Negara Malaysia, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Monetary Authority of Singapore and Bank of Thailand. Three working groups have been established, on payments and market infrastructures, financial market development, and banking supervision. The HKMA participates in all three working groups as members.
Faster Payment System (FPS)
A system launched by the HKMA in September 2018 to address the increasing market needs for more efficient retail payment services. Both banks and stored value facilities (SVF) in Hong Kong may participate in the FPS. It enables their customers to make cross-bank/SVF payments easily, by entering the mobile phone number or the email address of the recipient, with funds available to the recipient almost immediately. The FPS operates on 24x7 basis and supports payments in the Hong Kong dollar and the renminbi.
Fee arrangement
Since 1 April 2007, the Financial Secretary introduced a new fee arrangement on the fiscal reserves placed with the Exchange Fund. The fee is based on a fixed rate for the year determined every January and is also applicable to most of the other placements with the Exchange Fund. The rate is the average annual investment return of the Investment Portfolio for the past six years, or the average annual yield of three-year Government Bond for the previous year subject to a minimum of 0%, whichever is higher.
See also placements with the Exchange Fund .
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
An inter-governmental body established in 1989. The objectives of the FATF are to set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures for combating money laundering,terrorist financing and financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and other related threats to the integrity of the international financial system.
The FATF has developed a series of recommendations that are recognised as the international standard for combating of money laundering and the financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. They form the basis for a co-ordinated response to these threats to the integrity of the financial system and help ensure a level playing field. In order to ensure full and effective implementation of its standards at the global level, the FATF monitors compliance by conducting evaluations on jurisdictions and undertakes stringent follow-up after the evaluations, including identifying high-risk and other monitored jurisdictions which could be subject to enhanced scrutiny by the FATF or counter-measures by the FATF members and the international community at large.
Hong Kong has been a member of the FATF since 1991 and is obliged to implement the latest FATF recommendations.
Financial Disputes Resolution Centre (FDRC)
A non-profit making organisation established to administer an independent, impartial, transparent, efficient and affordable financial dispute resolution scheme providing mediation and arbitration services as an alternative to litigation, in order to facilitate the resolution of monetary disputes between financial institutions and their customers in Hong Kong.
Financial inclusion means that the general public and small- and micro- enterprises are able to open and maintain bank accounts and have access to basic banking services to meet the basic needs of their daily lives or the needs of fund transfers for their business operations.
Financial Infrastructure and Market Development Sub-Committee (FIMC)
A Sub-Committee established under the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee to make recommendations on measures to further develop Hong Kong’s status as an international financial centre and strengthen the international competitiveness of Hong Kong’s financial services, including promoting the development, operational excellence, safety and efficiency of the financial infrastructure in Hong Kong; and promoting the development of Hong Kong as an offshore renminbi centre and fostering the development of other enabling factors. It also makes recommendations on initiatives for the HKMA and monitors the work of the HKMA. The Sub-Committee is formerly called the Financial Infrastructure Sub-Committee.
Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance (FIRO)
An Ordinance establishing a cross-sectoral resolution regime for financial institutions in Hong Kong with a view to avoiding or mitigating the risks otherwise posed by their non-viability to the stability and effective working of the financial system in Hong Kong, including to the continued performance of critical financial functions. The FIRO confers statutory powers on the Monetary Authority, the Securities and Futures Commission and the Insurance Authority as resolution authorities for those financial institutions within the scope of the FIRO that operate under their respective existing regulatory purviews.
Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs)
A system that facilitates the clearing, settling, or recording of payments, securities, derivatives or other financial transactions. The five major types of FMIs are systemically important payment systems, central securities depositories, securities settlement systems, central counterparties and trade repositories.
Financial sanctions
Financial sanctions refer to measures imposed by international organisations and governments prohibiting the provision of financial services towards, or in support of, certain persons, organizations, activities or regimes.
Financial sanctions may be imposed multilaterally or unilaterally and cover a broad spectrum ranging from comprehensive sanctions against entire regimes to narrowly defined prohibitions on activities involving targeted individuals and entities.
A comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the financial sector of a country or jurisdiction. FSAP assessments are the joint responsibility of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank in developing economies and emerging markets and of the IMF alone in advanced economies. An FSAP includes two major components: a financial stability assessment, which is the responsibility of the IMF, and a financial development assessment, the responsibility of the World Bank. The FSAP analyses the resilience of the financial sector, the quality of the regulatory and supervisory framework, and the capacity to manage and resolve financial crises. Based on its findings, the FSAP produces recommendations of a micro- and macro-prudential nature, tailored to the specific circumstances of the country or jurisdiction assessed.
Financial Stability Board (FSB)
Hong Kong is a member of the FSB, formerly the Financial Stability Forum (FSF). The FSF, which was established by the G7, first convened in April 1999 with a view to reducing vulnerability and safeguard the smooth functioning of financial markets through enhanced information exchange and co-operation in financial supervision and surveillance. Hong Kong's inclusion in the FSF, together with four other non-G7 economies (Australia, the Netherlands, Singapore and Switzerland) is a recognition of its status as a systemically important financial centre. The HKMA regularly attends meetings of the FSF to exchange views on potential vulnerabilities in the international financial system.
In April 2009, the FSF was re-established as the FSB with an expanded membership and broadened mandate. The structure of the FSB consists of a Chairperson, a Steering Committee, a Plenary, and a Secretariat. Under this structure, three Standing Committees on: (a) Assessment of Vulnerabilities;, (b) Supervisory and Regulatory Cooperation; and (c) Standards Implementation; were established to carry out the work of the FSB. Hong Kong is a member of the Plenary meeting and participates in all three Standing Committees.
Financing of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction
Proliferation financing refers to the provision of funds or financial services related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in contravention of national and/or international laws. The term covers a broad range of activities, such as those in support of the development of WMDs or activities relating to the procurement of materials (e.g. dual-use goods) intended to be used in the manufacturing of such weapons.
Fintech Supervisory Sandbox (FSS)
A supervisory arrangement that allows banks and their partnering technology firms to conduct pilot trials of their fintech initiatives without the need to achieve full compliance with the HKMA's supervisory requirements.
Fiscal Reserve Account
The account held by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for accumulating its fiscal surpluses. In 1976 the bulk of the foreign exchange assets of the Government's General Revenue Account were transferred to the Exchange Fund. From then onwards, the Government has placed the surpluses of the General Revenue Account with the Exchange Fund.
'Fit and proper' test
The HKMA must be satisfied that any person who is, or is to be, a chief executive, director or controller or an executive officer (defined as an individual who is responsible for supervising regulated securities and futures activities) of an authorized institution should be a 'fit and proper' person to hold that position. In applying the fit and proper test, the HKMA generally takes into account the following factors: the person's reputation and character, the person's knowledge and experience, and past record, if any, of non-compliance or criminal activity.
The HKMA must also be satisfied that an authorized institution has adequate systems of control to ensure that each person who is a "manager" of the institution is a fit and proper person. A "manager" is an individual who is principally responsible for the conduct of any major affairs or business of the institution.
Stored value remaining on the stored value facility (SVF), but does not include SVF deposit. For legal definition of the term, please refer to section 2 of the Payment Systems and Stored Value facility Ordinance.
Flow of funds statements
Records of transactions in financial assets and liabilities among various sectors of an economy or among these sectors and non-residents during a period of time. They are useful for analysing the interrelationship between the supply of credit and economic activity, and the effects of changes in interest rates on borrowing and holdings of financial assets.
Foreign currency reserves
The stock of assets denominated in foreign currency or currencies held by a government as investments, and used, where necessary, in financial transactions to support the exchange rate of the domestic currency. Foreign currency reserves are also used for making payments in foreign currencies without the need to sell the domestic currency in the market.
Foreign currency swap deposits
Deposits which involve customers buying foreign currencies in the spot market and placing them as deposits with authorized institutions, while at the same time entering into a contract to sell these foreign currencies (principal plus interest) forward in line with the maturity of such deposits. For most analytical purposes, these deposits should be regarded as Hong Kong dollar time deposits. money supply figures for the Hong Kong dollar are adjusted to include foreign currency swap deposits, while those for foreign currency are adjusted to exclude these deposits.
Foreign exchange settlement risk
The risks of loss associated with the settlement of foreign exchange transactions, which include principal risk, replacement cost risk, liquidity risk, operational risk and legal risk. Of these risks, the most important risk type is principal risk, in which one party pays the currency it sold but does not receive the currency it bought (also called the “Herstatt risk”).
Future Fund
The Future Fund was established on 1 January 2016. Placements by the Future Fund comprise an initial endowment from the balance of the Land Fund and periodic top-ups from the General Revenue Account as directed by the Financial Secretary. These placements are divided into two portions: one linked with the performance of the Investment Portfolio and another linked with the performance of the Long-Term Growth Portfolio.
See also Land Fund.
Global Systemically Important Authorized Institution (G-SIB)
An authorized institution (AI) would be considered a G-SIB if in the opinion of the Monetary Authority the risks associated with the AI are such as to render the AI capable of having a significant impact on the effective working and stability of the global financial system were the AI to become non-viable.
Governance Sub-Committee (GSC)
A Sub-Committee established under the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee to monitor the performance of the HKMA and make recommendations on remuneration and human resources policies, and on budgetary, administrative and governance issues.
Government-issued currency in circulation
The HKMA issues coins and $10 currency notes on behalf of the Government. An agent bank is responsible for the storage and distribution of coins and currency notes to the public. The transactions between the HKMA and the agent bank are settled in US dollars at the rate of HK$7.80 to one US dollar. Coins and currency notes in circulation are therefore fully backed by foreign currency reserves held in the Exchange Fund. Changes in the circulation are automatically matched by corresponding changes in the foreign currency reserves.
See also banknote.
A debt instrument where the funds raised are channelled to fund projects or investments that contribute to environmental sustainability.
A publication by the HKMA providing guidance to institutions seeking authorization under the Banking Ordinance about the scheme of supervision contained in the Ordinance and the policies and approach of the Monetary Authority in implementing it.
Higher loss absorbency (HLA) capital
This capital buffer is applicable to an authorized institution (AI) designated by the Monetary Authority as Global Systemically Important Authorized Institution (G-SIB) or Domestic Systemically Important Authorized Institution (D-SIB). The HLA requirements must be met with Common Equity Tier 1 capital.
Home supervision
The monitoring of authorized institutions by the banking supervisory authority in the place where the authorized institution is incorporated. The HKMA is the home supervisor to authorized institutions incorporated in Hong Kong and exercises consolidated supervision over these authorized institutions, their subsidiaries and their local and overseas branches.
See also host supervisor.
Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB)
A statutory body established in 1981 under the Hong Kong Association of Banks Ordinance (HKAB Ordinance) to replace the Hong Kong Exchange Banks Association. All banks are required to become members of HKAB and to observe the rules made by the Association under the HKAB Ordinance. The main objects of HKAB, among others, are to further the interests of banks, to make rules for the conduct of the business of banking, to act as an advisory body to its members in matters concerning the business of banking, and to provide facilities for the clearing of cheques and other instruments.
See also DTC Association and Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited.
Hong Kong Association of Banks Hong Kong Dollar Interest Settlement Rates
Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB) Hong Kong dollar Interest Settlement Rates are commonly known as the Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate or HKD HIBOR. The benchmark fixing for the HKAB HKD interest settlement rates is the estimated offer rate at which deposits in HKD for the Contract Period are being quoted to prime banks in the Hong Kong interbank market at 11:00 a.m. on the relevant business day. This is calculated by averaging the middle quotes after excluding the highest three quotes and lowest three quotes received from the 12-20 contributing banks, which are appointed by HKAB. While HKAB is the benchmark owner of the HKD interest settlement rates, the Treasury Markets Association is the benchmark administrator.
Hong Kong Deposit Protection Board
A statutory body created under the Deposit Protection Scheme Ordinance to establish and maintain the Deposit Protection Scheme in Hong Kong. The Board’s functions include the following: (i) maintaining the Deposit Protection Scheme; (ii) collecting contributions payable by Scheme members; (iii) managing the Deposit Protection Scheme Fund; (iv) making payments to depositors in the event of a failure of a Scheme member; and (v) recovering payments made to depositors from the assets of the failed Scheme member.
Hong Kong Dollar Clearing System
To enable safe and efficient settlement of interbank payments denominated in the Hong Kong dollar, the HKMA has introduced the Hong Kong Dollar Clearing System since 1996. Interbank payments are settled on a Real Time Gross Settlement basis. In addition, the system offers a range of advanced and sophisticated clearing and settlement functions. The key functions include a delivery versus payment (DvP) facility for Hong Kong dollar-denominated shares, payment versus payment for RMB/HKD, USD/HKD and EUR/HKD foreign exchange transactions, and processing of Hong Kong dollar cheques. The system is also linked to the Central Moneymarkets Unit to cater for the DvP of Hong Kong dollar-denominated debt securities and repurchase agreement facilities.
See also US Dollar Clearing System, Euro Clearing System and Renminbi Clearing System.
Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards
Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (HKFRS) include the following pronouncements issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants:
Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards and Hong Kong Accounting Standards
Interpretations.
Since 2005 HKFRS have been modelled on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which include the following pronouncements issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the successor of the International Accounting Standards Committee):
International Financial Reporting Standards and International Accounting Standards
HKFRS and IFRS set out recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements dealing with transactions and events that are important in general-purpose financial statements. They may also set out such requirements for transactions and events that arise in specific industries.
Hong Kong Institute for Monetary and Financial Research (HKIMR)
An institute established in August 1999 by the HKMA with the objective of conducting research in the fields of monetary policy, banking and finance that is of strategic importance to Hong Kong and the Asian region. With the establishment of the Hong Kong Academy of Finance (AoF) in June 2019, the HKIMR becomes a subsidiary of the AoF and expands its monetary and financial economic research to cover also Applied Finance Research and Thought Leadership. The Institute hosts distinguished visiting scholars and researchers to undertake research on monetary and financial issues and carry out projects that are highly relevant to questions of interest to the financial industry and regulators in Hong Kong and that provide the financial industry in Hong Kong with ideas regarding its strategic development in the long run.
Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited (HKICL)
A private company jointly owned by the HKMA and the Hong Kong Association of Banks. HKICL was established in May 1995 to take over in phases the clearing functions provided by the former Management Bank of the Clearing House, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited. This process was completed in April 1997. HKICL provides interbank clearing and settlement services to all banks in Hong Kong and operates the computer system of the Central Moneymarkets Unit.
Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate (HIBOR)
The rate of interest offered on Hong Kong dollar loans by banks in the interbank market for a specified period ranging from overnight to one year.
Hong Kong Monetary Authority or HKMA
The government authority in Hong Kong with responsibility for maintaining currency and banking stability. The HKMA was established on 1 April 1993 by merging the Office of the Exchange Fund with the Office of the Commissioner of Banking. Its specific functions and objectives are:
to maintain currency stability, within the framework of the Linked Exchange Rate system, through sound management of the Exchange Fund, monetary policy operations and other means deemed necessary;
to promote the safety and stability of the banking system through the regulation of banking business and the business of taking deposits, and the supervision of authorized institutions; and
to enhance the efficiency, integrity and development of the financial system, particularly payment and settlement arrangements.
The Chief Executive of the HKMA is the Monetary Authority appointed by the Financial Secretary, who is advised by the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee on matters relating to the control of the Exchange Fund and on the operation of the HKMA.
Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited (HKMC)
A public limited company incorporated under the Companies Ordinance and wholly owned by the Government through the Exchange Fund. The HKMC was incorporated in March 1997 with a view to developing Hong Kong's secondary mortgage market. Its business is being developed in two phases. The first phase involves the purchase of mortgage loans for its own portfolio, which it funds largely through the issuance of unsecured debt securities. In the second phase, the HKMC securitises mortgages into mortgage-backed securities and offer them for sale to investors. In March 1999, the HKMC also launched the Mortgage Insurance Programme to provide insurance protection to banks against the risk of payment default by borrowers.
Hong Kong Note Printing Limited (HKNPL)
HKNPL prints all of the banknotes for Hong Kong's three note-issuing banks. HKNPL's note printing plant at Tai Po was purchased by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government from De La Rue in April 1996 through the Exchange Fund. HKNPL is majority owned by the Government, with minority shareholdings by the three note-issuing banks and China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation.
Hong Kong Trade Repository (HKTR)
HKTR is an electronic system operated by the Monetary Authority for submitting and receiving reports on over-the-counter derivative transactions for the purposes of the reporting obligation under section 101B of the Securities and Futures Ordinance.
Host supervisor
A banking supervisory authority in the place where a branch of a foreign incorporated authorized institution is located. In Hong Kong, the HKMA is the host supervisor to branches of foreign banks. The HKMA's approach to the supervision of branches of foreign banks is broadly in line with that applied to locally incorporated institutions except that capital-based supervisory requirements are not applied to such branches.
See also home supervision.
In relation to an authorized institution (AI) incorporated in Hong Kong, non-executive directors who are independent of the AI's management and free from any business or other relationship that could materially affect their independent judgment. Some non-executive directors may represent the interests of the AI's shareholders or have some form of connection with the AI, which means that they cannot be considered as independent. Independent directors are appointed to the board of directors to provide effective checks and balances on the powers of executive directors and the management and to give objective advice on activities of the AI and decisions taken by the board of directors.
The first-time sale of equity shares of a company through public subscription. An active response to an IPO will usually lead to a brief increase in demand for short-term liquidity.
Intelligence-led Cyber Attack Simulation Testing (iCAST)
One of the components of the Cyber Resilience Assessment Framework (C-RAF). It is to be applied on top of the traditional penetration testing. Simulation test scenarios will be designed to replicate current real-life cyber attacks based on specific and up-to-date threat intelligence.
Interbank liquidity
The availability of funding for borrowing (to meet short-term payment obligations) or lending (to temporarily dispose of surplus funds productively) in the interbank market.
Interbank money market
The market in which banks borrow or lend money among themselves to accommodate short-term shortages or to dispose productively of surplus funds in their clearing accounts.
Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book (IRRBB)
The risk to an authorized institution’s financial condition resulting from adverse movements in interest rates that affect the authorized institution’s banking book positions.
Interest Rates Rules
See Rules on Interest Rates and Deposit Charges.
A widely used metric for measuring the performance of long-term investments, taking into account the time value factor of the total stream of cash flows (including contributions and incomes) during the whole investment period.
Internal ratings-based approach (IRB approach)
One of the approaches for the calculation of minimum capital requirements for credit risk. Under this approach, authorized institutions will be able to use certain outputs of their own internal rating systems to calculate the regulatory capital which they must hold, provided that they can satisfy their supervisors that their systems meet a set of minimum requirements and have obtained supervisory approval for the use of the IRB approach.
See also basic approach and standardized (credit risk) approach.
Established in 1946, the IMF is an international organisation of 184 members to promote international monetary co-operation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange arrangements; to foster economic growth and high levels of employment; and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries under adequate safeguards to help ease balance of payments adjustment. Although not a member, Hong Kong has participated in the activities or discussions of the IMF as part of the UK Delegation prior to 1 July 1997 and as part of the People's Republic of China Delegation thereafter. The HKMA co-ordinates matters relating to the participation of Hong Kong in the IMF. These include attending its Annual Meetings, handling the IMF Article IV Consultation on Hong Kong, and subscribing to the IMF Special Data Dissemination Standard requirements in the dissemination of official data. In September 2000, the Sub-Office of the IMF's Resident Representative Office in Beijing commenced its operation in Hong Kong. The Sub-Office is responsible for gathering information on financial and monetary developments in Asia and analyzing their impacts on Hong Kong.
International Monetary Fund Article IV Consultation
Under Article IV of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the IMF holds bilateral discussions with member economies, usually every year. A staff team visits the economy, collects economic and financial information, and discusses with officials about the economy's economic developments and policies. On return to headquarters, the staff team prepares a report, which forms the basis for discussion by the Executive Board. At the conclusion of the discussion, the Managing Director, as Chairman of the Board, summarises the view of Directors, and this summary is transmitted to the economy's authorities. The HKMA co-ordinates the Consultation on Hong Kong, that takes place in the fourth quarter each year. Hong Kong also participates in the IMF pilot project for the voluntary release of the Article IV Staff Report, the first of which was published in March 2000.
International Monetary Fund Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS)
The SDDS was established in 1996 to guide member economies of the International Monetary Fund in the dissemination of economic and financial data to the public. This increases the transparency of economies seeking access to international capital markets. Hong Kong subscribed to the SDDS in early 1997. Hong Kong has complied with the enhanced SDDS and published the first set of data on foreign currency reserves and foreign currency liquidity in the end of May 2000. At present, the HKMA releases every month Hong Kong's latest foreign currency reserve assets figures, analytical accounts of the Exchange Fund, and the Currency Board Account, in addition to the SDDS Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity. The dissemination of these data is made in accordance with the HKMA's policy of maintaining a high level of transparency.
A form of electronic banking where banking services can be accessible by customers through the Internet.
Investment benchmark
A yardstick for directing the long-term investment strategy and evaluating the investment return on a portfolio. Based on the objectives of the portfolio, the investment benchmark is a basket of investment assets appropriate for the risk tolerance for the portfolio. To evaluate the performance of the investment manager, the actual return of the portfolio is compared to the return on the investment benchmark.
See also reserves management.
Investment Portfolio (IP)
The Investment Portfolio (IP) of The Exchange Fund is invested primarily in the bond and equity markets of developed nations to preserve the long-term purchasing power of the assets.
See also Backing Assets/Backing Portfolio, Long-Term Growth Portfolio, Strategic Portfolio and foreign currency reserves.
Investment Sub-Committee (ISC)
A Sub-Committee established under the Exchange Fund Advisory Committee to monitor the HKMA’s investment management activities and make recommendations on the investment policy and strategy of the Exchange Fund and on risk management and other related matters.
Joint Financial Intelligence Unit (JFIU)
An unit set up in 1989 and jointly run by the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong Customs & Excise Department. The JFIU manages the suspicious transaction reporting regime for Hong Kong and its role is to receive, analyse suspicious transaction reports and to disseminate them to the appropriate law enforcement agencies in or outside Hong Kong, or financial intelligence units worldwide.
See also Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering.
Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions (“Key Attributes”)
The core elements that the Financial Stability Board (FSB) considers to be necessary for an effective resolution regime. Their implementation should allow authorities to resolve financial institutions in an orderly manner without taxpayer exposure to loss from solvency support, while maintaining the continuity of the institutions’ vital economic functions. The Key Attributes were first published by the FSB in October 2011, endorsed by G20 in November 2011 as a new international standard for resolution regimes in response to the “Too-Big-To-Fail” problem, and updated by the FSB in October 2014
Land Fund
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government Land Fund Trust was established on 13 August 1986. The Trust was set up to facilitate the management of the HKSAR's share of revenue obtained from land sales during the period commencing from the entry into force of the Joint Declaration (27 May 1985) until China's resumption of exercise of sovereignty on 1 July 1997. On the establishment of the HKSAR on 1 July 1997, the assets of the Trust were vested in the HKSAR Government. The Chief Executive of the HKSAR appointed the Financial Secretary as the public officer to receive, hold and manage the Fund as part of the HKSAR Government reserves. Subsequently, the Land Fund was established by a resolution made and passed by the Provisional Legislative Council under section 29 of the Public Finance Ordinance. Between 1 July 1997 and 31 October 1998, under the direction of the Financial Secretary, the fund was managed by the HKMA as a portfolio separate from the Exchange Fund. On 1 November 1998, the assets of the Land Fund were merged into the Exchange Fund and have since then been managed as part of the Investment Portfolio of the Exchange Fund. With effect from 1 January 2016, the assets of the Fund have been held as a notional savings account within the fiscal reserves called the Future Fund which is placed with the Exchange Fund for securing higher investment returns over a ten-year investment period.
See also Future Fund.
Lead Resolution Authority (LRA)
The resolution authority designated by the Financial Secretary, pursuant to section 7 of the Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance, as the LRA of a cross-sectoral group to lead the coordination and implementation of resolution-related matters in relation to the cross-sectoral group. Only the LRA may initiate resolution of a within scope financial institution within the cross-sectoral group.
Legal Tender Notes Issue Ordinance
A statute to regulate the issue of banknotes and currency notes. Under the Ordinance, the banknotes issued by Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited, Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited and The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited and the HK$10 currency notes issued by the Financial Secretary pursuant thereto since 2002 are legal tender notes within Hong Kong.
See also Coinage Ordinance.
Lender of last resort
An institution, normally a central bank that stands ready to accommodate demands for funds in times of crisis or liquidity shortage. The institution normally discharges this function either through open-market purchases of assets of acceptable quality from the banking sector or by making loans through the Discount Window to solvent but temporarily illiquid banks, usually at above-market rates and against good collateral.
Leverage ratio (LR)
A capital standard designed to complement the risk-based capital adequacy ratio, the LR is designed to restrict the build-up of excessive leverage in the banking sector. Numerically, the LR is expressed as an authorized institution’s Tier 1 capital to its exposure measure as defined under the Banking (Capital) Rules.
Licensed bank
One of the three types of authorized institutions in Hong Kong licensed under the Banking Ordinance. Licensed banks are the only institutions permitted to carry on banking business in Hong Kong. This term is often used interchangeably with bank.
See also deposit-taking company, restricted licence bank and Three-tier Banking System.
Linked Exchange Rate System
A form of Currency Board System adopted in Hong Kong on 17 October 1983 with a view to maintaining a stable external value of the currency of Hong Kong, in terms of its exchange rate in the foreign exchange market against the US dollar, at around HK$7.80 to US$1.
Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF)
An earlier Hong Kong version of a Discount Window, established in 1992. Under the facility, banks could borrow overnight funds from the HKMA through repurchase agreements of eligible securities at the offer rate set by the HKMA. They could also place surplus funds overnight with the HKMA at the bid rate. The LAF was replaced by the Discount Window in September 1998.
Liquidity Adjustment Window
A facility that allows banks to obtain intraday liquidity from the HKMA through repurchase agreements involving Discount Window eligible securities for bulk clearing purpose.
Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)
Under the Basel liquidity standards, the LCR is a ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of a category 1 institution’s “high quality liquid assets” to the amount of the institution’s “total net cash outflows” over 30 calendar days.
Liquidity Maintenance Ratio (LMR)
A ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of a category 2 institution’s “liquefiable assets” to the amount of the institution’s “qualifying liabilities (after deductions)” over a calendar month.
Liquidity ratio
Before 1 January 2015, all authorized institutions in Hong Kong were required to meet a minimum monthly average liquidity ratio of 25%. Since 2015, this requirement has been superseded by the requirements relating to the Liquidity Coverage Ratio and the Liquidity Maintenance Ratio.
Loan Classification System
A system introduced by the HKMA in December 1994 requiring authorized institutions to report on a quarterly basis loans (including investment debt securities) and provisions made against them under the following five categories:
Pass: Loans for which borrowers are current in meeting commitments and for which the full repayment of interest and principal is not in doubt.
Special Mention: Loans with which borrowers are experiencing difficulties and which may threaten the authorized institution's position.
Substandard: Loans in which borrowers are displaying a definable weakness that is likely to jeopardise repayment.
Doubtful: Loans for which collection in full is improbable and the authorized institution expects to sustain a loss of principal and/or interest, taking into account the net realisable value of collateral.
Loss: Loans that are considered uncollectable after all collection options (such as the realisation of collateral or the institution of legal proceedings) have been exhausted.
Loans that are classified as substandard, doubtful or loss are collectively known as classified loans.
Loan-to-deposit ratio
The ratio of the amount of loan to the amount of deposit. This is a measure of liquidity in the banking sector.
Loan-to-value ratio (LTV ratio)
The ratio of money borrowed to fair market value of collateral, usually in reference to real property.
Local representative office
A bank incorporated outside Hong Kong may apply to the HKMA for approval for the establishment of a local representative office. A local representative office is required to confine its business to representational and liaison activities and must not engage in banking business. Since April 2002, the HKMA's general policy that an overseas bank should maintain a local representative office for a minimum of one to two years before it can be considered for authorization has been removed.
Long-Term Growth Portfolio (LTGP)
The Long-Term Growth Portfolio (LTGP) was established in 2009 to diversify risks of the Exchange Fund's investments and improve the overall return of the Exchange Fund in the long run. It comprises asset classes including private equity (including infrastructure) and overseas real estate. It focuses on generating good risk-adjusted return for the long term.
See also Backing Assets/Backing Portfolio, Investment Portfolio, Strategic Portfolio and foreign currency reserves .
Loss-Absorbing Capacity (LAC)
Financial resource of an entity (in the form of securities issued by, or loans made to, the entity) that is capable, in the event of the entity ceasing or becoming likely to cease to be viable, of being used to absorb losses of, and to recapitalise, the entity.
Loss loans
Market Makers for Exchange Fund Bills and Notes
Financial institutions appointed by the HKMA to promote the liquidity of the Exchange Fund Bills and Notes in the secondary market (professional market). Market makers undertake to quote two-way prices on request during normal trading hours of Exchange Fund paper (between 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon and 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday to Friday). The rights and obligations of market makers are stated in the Information Memoranda of Exchange Fund Bills Programme and Exchange Fund Notes Programme.
See also Recognised Dealers for Exchange Fund Bills and Notes.
In relation to the calculation of capital adequacy ratios, market risk is defined as the risk of losses in on- and off-balance sheet positions arising from movements in market prices and rates. These risks include the risks pertaining to interest rate related instruments and equities in the trading book, and foreign exchange risk and commodities risk throughout the authorized institutions.
Minimum criteria for authorization
The minimum criteria that new entrants must satisfy in order to be, and continue to be, authorized under the Banking Ordinance. These criteria are listed under the Seventh Schedule to the Banking Ordinance. The criteria cover a broad range of considerations and focus on the general quality and ability of the applicant to conduct banking business or deposit-taking business in Hong Kong. In addition to the general requirement that the applicant's business should be conducted with integrity, prudence and competence, the criteria include such considerations as adequacy of home supervision; the 'fit and proper' test for directors, controllers and chief executives; and adequate accounting systems, financial resources, liquidity, control of large exposures, and provisions against loans.
Monetary Authority
The person appointed by the Financial Secretary under section 5A of the Exchange Fund Ordinance to assist the Financial Secretary in the performance of his functions under that Ordinance and to perform other functions as assigned. The Monetary Authority is also responsible under the Banking Ordinance for the promotion of the general stability and effective working of the banking system.
See also Hong Kong Monetary Authority.
Monetary Base
A part of the monetary liabilities of a central bank. The Monetary Base is defined, at the minimum, as the sum of the currency in circulation (banknotes and coins) and the balance of the banking system held with the central bank (the reserve balance or the clearing balance). In Hong Kong, the Monetary Base comprises Certificates of Indebtedness (for backing the banknotes issued by the note-issuing banks), government-issued currency in circulation, the sum of the balances of the clearing accounts kept with the HKMA (the Aggregate Balance), and Exchange Fund Bills and Notes.
Monetary Rule
Under a Currency Board System, the Monetary Rule requires changes in Monetary Base (liabilities of the Currency Board) to be matched by corresponding changes in foreign currency reserves in a specified foreign currency (assets of the Currency Board) at a fixed exchange rate.
Monetary Statistics Ordinance
A statute enacted in 1980 that provides for the collection of statistical information from banks and deposit-taking companies by the Monetary Authority. Every authorized institution is required to submit to the Monetary Authority a return setting out the required statistical information for the purpose of monitoring developments in the monetary sector.
Money broker
A person who provides dealing services to counterparties, one of which is an authorized institution, in foreign exchange and money market transactions. In Hong Kong, money brokers are required to be approved by the Monetary Authority under the Banking Ordinance.
The process of changing the identity of the source of illegally obtained money (i.e. crime proceeds) so that it appears to have originated from a legitimate source.
Money laundering is a criminal offence under the Laws of Hong Kong. According to the Drug Trafficking (Recovery of Proceeds) Ordinance (DTROP), Cap.405 and the Organized and Serious Crimes Ordinance (OSCO), Cap.455, a person commits the offence of money laundering if he deals with any property, including money, which he knows or has reasonable grounds to believe to be proceeds of crime.
The total stock of money available in the economy. Hong Kong has three measures of money supply:
Money Supply definition 1 (M1): The sum of legal tender notes and coins held by the public plus customers' demand deposits placed with banks.
Money Supply definition 2 (M2): M1 plus customers' savings and time deposits with banks plus negotiable certificates of deposit (NCDs) issued by banks held outside the banking sector.
Money Supply definition 3 (M3): M2 plus customers' deposits with restricted licence banks and deposit-taking companies plus NCDs issued by these institutions held outside the banking sector.
Among these three series, HK$M1 exhibits a significant seasonal pattern, whereas there is no strong evidence of seasonality in broad money (HK$M2 and HK$M3). Seasonally adjusted series of HK$M1 and its components (i.e. cash held by the public and demand deposits) are compiled and published by the HKMA.
An arrangement that protects lending banks against the risk of mortgage payment default by the borrower. Mortgage insurance in Hong Kong enables the banks to lend more than 70% of the value of the property without incurring additional credit risk, since the portion in excess of 70% loan-to-value ratio ("LTV ratio") is covered by mortgage insurance. In March 1999, The Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited launched a Mortgage Insurance Programme to provide mortgage insurance to banks in Hong Kong up to a LTV ratio of 85%. The Programme was expanded in August 2000 to include loans with 90% LTV ratio, and in July 2004 to include loans with 95% LTV ratio.
Mortgage-backed securities (MBS)
Bonds backed by a pool of mortgage loans where the coupon payment and principal repayment rely on the cash flow, in the forms of scheduled instalment payment and unscheduled early principal repayment, of the underlying mortgage loans. The security may be provided with credit enhancement in the form of guarantee, over-collateralisation, senior-subordinate structure, letter of credit or other means to meet investor demand.
Mystery shopping programme
A supervisory tool to complement the HKMA’s other supervisory work to test check the business practices of authorized institutions in different aspects.
A term applied to residential mortgage loans where the outstanding loan amount with an authorized institution is higher than the current market value of the mortgaged property. This definition does not take into account other loans which a borrower may have obtained from co-financiers such as property developers, the government or money lenders to finance the purchase.
Negotiable debt instrument
An unconditional written order to repay a debt, easily transferable from one person to another. Examples of these instruments are negotiable certificates of deposits, securities, bankers' acceptance, bills of exchange, promissory notes and bonds.
Net realisable value
The current market value of a security less any realisation costs.
Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)
Under the Basel liquidity standards, the NSFR is a ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of a category 1 institution's “available stable funding” to the amount of the institution’s “required stable funding”.
Non-cooperative countries and territories (NCCTs)
In 2000 the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF) engaged in a process of identifying countries and territories having inadequate rules and practices that impede international co-operation in the fight against money laundering. These countries or territories are designated as NCCTs. The FATF promulgates in its revised 40 Recommendations that financial institutions should give special attention to business relationships and transactions with persons, including companies and financial institutions from countries or jurisdictions which do not or insufficiently apply its recommendations. Between June 2000 and September 2001 the FATF identified a total of 23 NCCTs, of which 20 had been removed from the NCCT list by June 2005 after making significant progress in anti-money laundering measures.
In relation to an authorized institution (AI) incorporated in Hong Kong, directors other than executive directors, that is, directors who are not employees of the AI and do not hold any other office in the AI in conjunction with their office as director. They are appointed to the board of directors to provide effective checks and balances on the powers of executive directors and management and to give objective advice on activities of the AI and decisions taken by the board of directors.
See also independent directors.
Note-issuing banks
Banks that issue banknotes that are legal tender. The current note-issuing banks in Hong Kong are The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited, and Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited. In order to issue banknotes in Hong Kong, the note-issuing banks have to place with the Exchange Fund an equivalent amount of US dollars at the rate of US$1 = HK$7.80 in exchange for Certificates of Indebtedness.
Off-site review
Off-site assessments made by the HKMA of the financial condition and quality of management of an authorized institution. Off-site reviews help to detect emerging problems that can be followed up with on-site examinations and prudential meetings. The scope of an off-site review varies from the regular analysis of banking returns to an extensive annual review of the performance and financial position of a particular authorized institution.
On-site examination
An essential part of the banking supervisory process undertaken by the HKMA. On-site examinations of books, records and internal controls apply to all authorized institutions irrespective of their place of incorporation. In the case of locally incorporated authorized institutions, on-site examinations also extend to their overseas branches and subsidiaries. The frequency of examination varies according to the size, financial standing and internal control systems of the authorized institution concerned. On-site examination provides the opportunity to examine at first hand how an institution is managed and controlled. It is particularly useful for assessing asset quality and the adequacy of internal controls.
Open Application Programming Interface (Open API)
Application programming interface (API) is a computer programming approach for facilitating exchange of information and executing instructions between different computer systems. Open APIs are APIs that allow third parties access to systems belonging to an organisation.
Open APIs allow financial institutions to open up their internal IT systems and data for programmatic access by third party service providers or its counterparts in an open and documented manner. Effective implementation of Open API will enable, for example, information of different banks’ products and services to be aggregated under the same website/app for comparison and financial planning by users with ease. New service providers may also make use of the open information to offer unique products and new customer experience.
The risk of direct or indirect losses resulting from inadequacies or failings in the processes or systems, or of personnel, of an institution; or from external events.
An international organisation established in 1961 to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world. The OECD provides a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems.
Overdue loans
Loans with a specified expiry date where the principal or interest remains unpaid after the expiry date.
In the context of financial market infrastructures,a process undertaken by the HKMA to monitor compliance of the infrastructures under its purview with the oversight requirements set out in the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance and/or other oversight frameworks to promote the safety and efficiency of these infrastructures.
Pass loans
A set of instruments, banking procedures and interbank fund transfer systems that ensure the circulation of money. The HKMA is the overseeing authority for Hong Kong's payment system. Since 1994 the HKMA has implemented a number of reforms to Hong Kong's payment system. The most important of these reforms was the launch in December 1996 of the Hong Kong Dollar Clearing System for interbank payments. This system is widely acknowledged to be one of the most advanced and robust of its kind. A US Dollar Clearing System and a Euro Clearing System were launched in 2000 and 2003 respectively to facilitate the efficient settlement of US dollar and euro transactions in Hong Kong and the region. A Renminbi Clearing System was introduced in June 2007 to provide a clearing and settlement platform for the renminbi banking business in Hong Kong.
Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Appeals Tribunal (PSSVFAT)
A tribunal established under the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance to hear appeals from persons who are aggrieved by a decision of the Monetary Authority on the designation of a clearing and settlement system, the revocation of a designation, the issuance of a certificate of finality , or the suspension or revocation of a certificate of finality. The tribunal is chaired by a judge and consists of a panel of independent members appointed by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance
The statute providing the legal framework for the designation and oversight of clearing and settlement systems and retail payment systems, as well as the licensing of stored value facilities in Hong Kong. The Ordinance also provides statutory backing to the finality of settlement for transactions made through those designated clearing and settlement systems (known as "designated systems") for which a certificate of finality is issued.
Payment versus payment (PvP)
A mechanism in a foreign exchange settlement system to ensure that a final transfer of one currency occurs only if a final transfer of the other currency or currencies also takes place.
See also delivery versus payment (DvP) .
Placements with the Exchange Fund
The Exchange Fund, from time to time, accepts placements by fiscal reserves, Government funds and statutory bodies. The interest rate is generally linked to the performance of the Investment Portfolio with the exception of the Future Fund.
See also fee arrangement .
Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures (PFMIs)
An international regulatory standards on financial market infrastructures, issued jointly by the Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures of the Bank for International Settlements and the International Organization of Securities Commissions in April 2012. The aim of the principles is to provide for the effective regulation, supervision and oversight of financial market infrastructures to make the infrastructure more resilient to financial crisis and to foster their safety and efficiency.
Authorized institutions which operate as private banks or have dedicated private banking units and maintain a personalised relationship with private banking customers in providing personalised banking services, dealing, advisory or portfolio management services to these customers.
Private equity (PE)
Broadly refers to equity investments not traded frequently or freely in the open market. Generally, this asset class is participated mainly by institutional investors. Examples of private equity investment strategy are leveraged buyout, venture capital and co-investments.
See also Long-Term Growth Portfolio .
Private Wealth Management Association (PWMA)
An industry association established in 2013 and incorporated as a company limited by guarantee. Its members are authorized institutions and licensed corporations in Hong Kong with dedicated private wealth management businesses providing personalised banking and portfolio management services.
PWMA aims to:
foster the growth and development of the private wealth management (PWM) industry in Hong Kong;
promote proper conduct, integrity and high standards of professional competence on PWM practitioners;
provide industry representation on PWM-related matters; and
provide a channel for the PWM industry to maintain ongoing dialogue with government officials, regulators and other relevant organizations.
Private Website (PWS)
A website introduced by the HKMA in March 1999 and designed for the exclusive use of all authorized institutions in Hong Kong and the HKMA for information dissemination and communication. Through PWS, authorized institutions are able to communicate directly with the HKMA and access all banking returns, application forms, circulars, guidelines and the latest version of software issued by the HKMA.
Process Review Committee
An independent committee whose members are appointed by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The principal objectives of the Committee are to review and advise the HKMA on the adequacy of the HKMA's internal operational procedures and guidelines for applying the standards set under the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance to designated systems in which the HKMA has a legal or beneficial interest.
Professional Development Programme (PDP)
One of the pillars of the Cybersecurity Fortification Initiative (CFI). It is a localised certification scheme and training programme for cybersecurity professionals, developed by the HKMA in collaboration with the Hong Kong Institute of Bankers and the Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute. It is an integrated and well-structured programme to train and nurture cybersecurity practitioners in Authorized Institutions and the information technology industry, and to enhance their cybersecurity awareness and technical capabilities of conducting cyber resilience assessments and simulation testing.
Property lending
For the purposes of the HKMA's banking supervision, property lending usually refers to the following types of loans reported in the Quarterly Return of Loans and Advances and Provisions:
a) loans to finance property development, including those for building and construction;
b) loans to finance investments in properties, including uncompleted properties; and
c) loans to professional and private individuals for the purchase of residential properties for own occupation or investment purposes, other than the purchase of flats under the Home Ownership Scheme, Private Sector Participation Scheme and Tenants Purchase Scheme.
Individual authorized institutions may adopt a broader definition for their own internal purposes.
Prudential meeting
A meeting held by the HKMA with the senior management of an authorized institution, following an off-site review. The meeting enables the HKMA to understand how the institution controls its operations and views its business prospects, and to discuss prudential concerns arising from on-site examinations or other sources. A prudential meeting is normally held at least once a year with every authorized institution. In the case of institutions belonging to a banking group, prudential meetings may be held both at the group level and with individual subsidiaries of the group.
Prudential supervision
The process of ensuring that authorized institutions adhere to minimum prudential standards. These standards are imposed either by the HKMA's regulatory requirements or through the institution's own internal policies, procedures and controls. The HKMA monitors adherence by authorized institutions to prudential standards through a wide variety of techniques, including on-site examinations, off-site reviews, prudential meetings, co-operation with external auditors, and the sharing of information with other supervisors. The objective of prudential supervision is not to prevent all bank failures but to ensure that any that do occur are sufficiently limited and infrequent so as not to threaten the stability of the banking system as a whole.
Real interest rates
Real interest rates are nominal interest rates adjusted for expected changes in the price level. Real interest rates are often constructed by subtracting observed consumer price inflation from a nominal interest rate. However, conceptually, the inflation component should reflect a forward-looking measure of expected inflation, as opposed to the backward-looking measures commonly used.
Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS)
The continuous settlement of payments on an individual-order basis without netting debits with credits across the books of the central bank.
See also payment system.
Recognised Dealers for Exchange Fund Bills and Notes
Recognised Dealers are financial institutions appointed by the HKMA which maintain securities accounts with the HKMA for holding Exchange Fund Bills and Notes, including on behalf of their customers. The rights and obligations of Recognised Dealers are stated in the Information Memoranda of Exchange Fund Bills Programme and Exchange Fund Notes Programme.
See also Market Makers for Exchange Fund Bills and Notes.
Recovery planning
The identification and planning for the deployment of a menu of recovery options which an authorized institution could reliably execute when under severe stress to restore its financial strength and viability.
Register of authorized institutions
A register containing particulars of all authorized institutions and representative offices of overseas banks, which the HKMA maintains for public inspection under the provisions of the Banking Ordinance.
Registered institution
An authorized institution which is registered under the Securities and Futures Ordinance to conduct securities intermediary activities. The HKMA is the front-line supervisor of registered institutions.
Relevant individual
An individual who carries out any regulated function in one or more regulated activities of a registered institution. “Relevant individual” has the meaning set out in §20(10) of the Banking Ordinance.
Renminbi banking business
Limited renminbi-denominated banking services offered by licensed banks in Hong Kong to Hong Kong identity card holders and, for certain types of services, to Designated Business Customers. To be eligible to conduct renminbi banking business, each licensed bank has to enter into an Agreement for Settlement of Renminbi Banking Business in Hong Kong with the Clearing Bank to become a Participating Bank. The Clearing Bank is appointed and authorized by the People's Bank of China (PBoC) to provide renminbi position squaring and clearing services to the Participating Banks. Renminbi banking business commenced in February 2004 with the initial scope of services covering currency exchanges between renminbi and the Hong Kong dollar, remittances, deposits and bank cards denominated in renminbi. The existing limitations on renminbi banking business are subject to progressive change in accordance with the evolution of the PBoC's policy. For example, with effect from December 2005 Participating Banks are allowed to offer renminbi current account services to Hong Kong identity card holders, who may now issue renminbi cheques to pay for consumer purchases in Guangdong Province.
Renminbi Clearing System
To cater for the settlement needs of the expanded renminbi business and facilitate the efficient settlement of Renminbi transactions in Hong Kong, the Renminbi Clearing System was upgraded from the Renminbi Settlement System in June 2007. The Renminbi Clearing System is built on the same infrastructure as the Hong Kong dollar Real Time Gross Settlement system and offers a range of advanced and sophisticated clearing and settlement functions. The key functions include Real Time Gross Settlement for Renminbi payments, a delivery versus payment (DvP) facility for Renminbi-denominated shares, payment versus payment for RMB/HKD, USD/RMB and EUR/RMB foreign exchange transactions, and processing of renminbi cheques. The system is also linked to the Central Moneymarkets Unit to cater for the DvP of Renminbi-denominated debt securities and repurchase agreement facilities.
See also Hong Kong Dollar Clearing System, US Dollar Clearing System and Euro Clearing System.
Repurchase agreement (repo)
An agreement between two parties whereby one party sells securities to another party in return for cash and agrees to repurchase equivalent securities at an agreed price and on an agreed future date. Repos may be seen as being akin to collateralised borrowing and lending. Legally, however, the transaction under a repo involves an outright sale of the securities that passes full ownership of the securities to the purchaser. This instrument is widely used between a central bank and the money market as a means of relieving short-term shortages of funds in the money market. It thus represents an important tool in monetary management. In Hong Kong, banks are allowed to obtain temporary liquidity through the Discount Window using repurchase agreements with Exchange Fund Bills and Notes as collateral.
Rescheduled loans
Loans that have been restructured and re-negotiated between authorized institutions and borrowers because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower or the inability of the borrower to meet the original repayment schedule and for which the revised repayment terms, either of interest or the repayment period, are non-commercial to the authorized institution.
The HKMA manages the Exchange Fund in accordance with the Exchange Fund Ordinance. The day-to-day management of the Fund is carried out by the Exchange Fund Investment Office of the HKMA. The principal investment objectives of the Exchange Fund are:
to preserve the capital of the Fund
to ensure that the entire Monetary Base is at all times fully backed
to ensure sufficient liquidity for maintaining monetary and financial stability
to achieve returns on the Fund that will preserve the long-term purchasing power of its assets.
Resolution is an administrative process which enables authorities to manage the failure of a financial institution (FI) in an orderly manner by using the powers available under the resolution regime in circumstances where the failure of the FI could have adverse systemic consequences to the financial system. Resolution differs from insolvency procedures in that it is designed to preserve the continued provision of critical financial functions by an FI whilst still imposing the costs of failure on the shareholders and certain creditors of the FI.
Resolution Authority
An administrative authority responsible for exercising resolution powers, including initiation of resolution, over financial institutions that are within the scope of the resolution regime. Under the Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance, the Monetary Authority is the resolution authority for banking sector entities including all authorized institutions.
Resolution planning
An institution-specific ongoing process of planning for resolution to facilitate an effective use of resolution powers in the event of failure of the financial institution.
Under the Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance, the Monetary Authority is responsible for undertaking resolution planning for banking sector entities which include all authorized institutions.
Resolvability assessment
An institution-specific assessment, being part of the resolution planning, conducted by a resolution authority with a view to evaluating whether it is feasible and credible for the resolution authority to resolve the institution in an orderly manner in accordance with the preferred resolution strategy devised for it. If any significant barriers to orderly resolution are identified from the resolvability assessment, the resolution authority may direct the institution to take action such as making appropriate structural or operational changes to remove such barriers.
Under the Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance, the Monetary Authority is responsible for conducting resolvability assessments of banking sector entities which include all authorized institutions.
An approach that takes into consideration "Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)" principles in investment decision, with a view to enhancing sustainability of investment return in the long run as well as for better risk management.
See also Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG).
Restricted licence bank
One of the three types of authorized institution in Hong Kong under the Banking Ordinance. A restricted licence bank may take time, call or notice deposits from members of the public in amounts of HK$500,000 and above without restriction on maturity. Restricted licence banks generally engage in activities such as merchant banking and capital market operations.
See also deposit-taking company, licensed bank and Three-tier Banking System.
All of the locally incorporated banks plus a number of the larger foreign banks whose operations are similar to those of the locally incorporated banks in that they operate a local branch network and are active in retail banking business.
Retail payment system
A system or arrangement for the transfer, clearing or settlement of payment obligations relating to retail activities (whether the activities take place in Hong Kong or elsewhere), principally by individuals, that involve purchases or payments; and includes related instruments and procedures. The Monetary Authority may designate a retail payment system if he is of the opinion that such retail payment system should be designated pursuant to the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance, and the retail payment system so designated is subject to the oversight by the Monetary Authority. For legal definition of the term, please refer to section 2 of the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance.
Revocation of authorization
The Banking Ordinance empowers the Monetary Authority to revoke the authorization of an authorized institution if the minimum criteria for authorization are breached. In addition, other grounds for revocation include the provision of materially false, misleading or inaccurate information to the HKMA. The grounds on which authorizations may be revoked are specified in the Eighth Schedule to the Banking Ordinance. A decision by the HKMA to exercise its powers of revocation will usually depend on the scope for remedial measures and on whether revocation would be in the interests of depositors and of the stability of the banking system. The authorized institution concerned must cease to carry on the business that was the subject of its authorization as soon as the revocation becomes effective.
Risk-based supervisory approach
An approach adopted by the HKMA in its supervision of authorized institutions in Hong Kong. Under this approach, the HKMA assesses the risk profile of each institution and ascertains the effectiveness of the institution's systems and procedures to identify, measure, monitor and control risks. A supervisory plan is then formulated for each institution having regard to its risk profile and risk management systems. This approach enables the supervisory process to focus on the areas of greatest risk to an institution and enables the HKMA to be more proactive in taking actions to pre-empt any serious threat to the stability of the banking system, as a result of any current or emerging risks. While banks are subject to many different risks, the HKMA will focus its attention on eight types of banking risks (namely, credit, interest rate, market, liquidity, operational, reputation, legal and strategic risks) in assessing the risk profile of each institution.
RTGS Liquidity Optimiser
A liquidity saving device, launched on 23 January 2006, which increases liquidity efficiency through periodic multilateral offsetting of payment instructions queued in the Real Time Gross Settlement system at each 30-minute interval. Apart from scheduled runs, an RTGS Liquidity Optimiser run will also be triggered by the HKMA when needed, for example during times of large interbank payment flows, to clear outstanding payment queues.
Rules on Interest Rates and Deposit Charges/Interest Rates Rules (IRRs)
Certain types of Hong Kong dollar deposits offered by banks in Hong Kong were previously subject to IRRs issued by the Hong Kong Association of Banks (HKAB). All banks in Hong Kong, as members of HKAB, were required to observe these rules, which generally related to the maximum rate of interest a bank could offer on certain types of deposits. Progressive deregulation of IRRs has taken place in phases since 1994. Since July 2001, all IRRs have been removed and interest rates on all kinds of deposits are determined by individual banks.
A process in which the credit risk associated with less liquid financial assets (e.g. mortgage loans) is transferred to third party investors through issuance of debt securities whose financial performance depends on the performance of the assets.
Simultaneous Processing of DvP and Collateralisation (SPDC)
The SPDC is a system tool which allows Exchange Fund Bills and Notes (EFBNs) buyers to obtain liquidity from the HKMA using the incoming EFBNs as collateral. This encourages greater use of real-time delivery versus payment to settle EFBN transactions, thus increasing settlement efficiency and reducing settlement and concentration risks at the end-of-day settlement run.
Sovereign concentration risk
The risk of large losses arising from obligors which are specified sovereign entities of a particular jurisdiction suddenly failing to meet their credit obligations.
Sovereign foreign public sector entity
A public sector entity outside Hong Kong which is regarded as a sovereign for the purposes of calculating the capital adequacy ratio of a bank by the relevant banking supervisory authority of the jurisdiction in which the entity and the bank are incorporated.
Special mention loans
Specified sovereign entity
Means a central government, central bank and sovereign foreign public sector entity of a jurisdiction, but excludes—
(a) the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China;
(b) the People’s Bank of China;
(c) a sovereign foreign public sector entity of the Mainland of China;
(d) the Government of the United States of America; and
(e) the Government.
Stabilization option
An option under the Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance that a resolution authority may, subject to certain conditions being met, apply to within scope financial institution in resolving the institution. Under the Financial Institutions (Resolution) Ordinance, there are five stabilization options: i) transfer to a purchaser; ii) transfer to a bridge institution; iii) transfer to an asset management vehicle; iv) bail-in and; v) as a last resort, transfer to a temporary public ownership company.
Standardized (credit risk) approach
One of the approaches set out in the Banking (Capital) Rules that authorized institutions incorporated in Hong Kong may choose for the calculation of minimum capital requirement for their credit risk. The main feature of this approach is that the risk weights of authorized institutions’ assets will depend on credit assessments provided by external credit assessment institutions recognised by the HKMA.
See also basic approach and internal ratings-based approach.
Stored value facility (SVF)
A facility which can store monetary value, and provides users with the ability to make purchases or make payment to another person (i.e. P2P payments). Stored value facilities (SVFs) can be single-purpose or multi-purpose. Single-purpose SVFs can be used for purchase goods and services provided only by the issuer of the facility, while multi-purpose SVFs can be used for purchase of goods and services provided by the issuer and third parties who are willing to accept the facility for payment and/or made P2P payments. Multi-purpose SVF is regulated under the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance. For legal definition of the term, please refer to section 2A of the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance.
Strategic asset allocation (SAA)
The investment process of the Exchange Fund is underpinned by decisions on two types of asset allocation — the strategic asset allocation and the tactical asset allocation. The strategic asset allocation, reflected in the investment benchmark, represents the long-term optimal asset allocation given the investment objectives of the Exchange Fund. It directs investment in terms of asset distribution and the maturity profile of the assets.
See also tactical asset allocation .
Strategic Portfolio
The Strategic Portfolio was established in 2007 to hold shares in Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited that were acquired by the Government for the account of the Exchange Fund for strategic purposes. It is not included in the assessment of the Exchange Fund’s investment performance because of the unique nature of this Portfolio.
See also Backing Assets/Backing Portfolio, Investment Portfolio, Long-Term Growth Portfolio and foreign currency reserves .
A forward-looking risk management tool used to estimate the potential impact on a financial system, sector, institution, portfolio or product under adverse events or circumstances. It is often used to assess and quantify vulnerability and resilience to stress events or severe shocks, and to enhance decision-making in the management of risks.
The objective of the stress test can be to test an authorized institution’s capital adequacy or liquidity position in the face of a shock or a combination of shocks and it is an important part of the microprudential toolkit. It is also a useful tool in the macroprudential analysis kit.
Submission Through Electronic Media (STEM)
Computer software introduced by the HKMA in 1995 to facilitate the submission of returns by authorized institutions through floppy diskettes.
See also Submission Through Electronic Transmission.
Submission Through Electronic Transmission (STET)
A software system launched by the HKMA in December 1997 to improve the efficiency and security of the submission of returns by authorized institutions. The system, which replaces Submission Through Electronic Media, allows users to submit returns through electronic transmission. Participating authorized institutions can input and edit banking return data on their computers and transmit the data to the HKMA through a secured private network. The possibility of the message being intercepted by unauthorized parties is therefore reduced. In addition, the STET system eliminates the physical delivery of hard-copy and diskettes of returns.
Substandard loans
A manual setting out the HKMA's latest supervisory policies and practices, the minimum standards authorized institutions are expected to attain in order to satisfy the requirements of the Banking Ordinance and recommendations on best practices that authorized institutions should aim to achieve. The Supervisory Policy Manual is available on the HKMA website www.hkma.gov.hk.
A process conducted by the Monetary Authority for the purposes of evaluating and monitoring the capital adequacy of an authorized institution, and determining the capital requirement of the institution for its risks which are not captured or adequately captured in the calculation of the capital adequacy ratio.
Suspension of authorization
Under the Banking Ordinance, where the the HKMA's powers to revoke an authorization become exercisable, the HKMA may, after consultation with the Financial Secretary, suspend the authorization of the institution for a period not exceeding six months (which may be extended upon expiration for a further period not exceeding six months). The suspended authorized institution must cease to carry on the business for which its authorization was granted from the date specified by the HKMA. Suspension may be a step towards, or an alternative to, revocation. While it prevents an institution from carrying on banking or deposit-taking business, suspension allows the institution to retain its authorized status: this could be of assistance in a restructuring or rescue operation, for example by making the institution more attractive to a prospective purchaser.
See also revocation of authorization.
Suspicious transaction report (STR)
Pursuant to section 25A(1) of the Organized and Serious Crimes Ordinance, Cap. 455 and the Drug Trafficking (Recovery of Proceeds) Ordinance, Cap. 405, as well as section 12(1) of the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Ordinance, Cap. 575, where a person knows or suspects that any property (a) in whole or in part directly or indirectly represents any person’s proceeds of, (b) was used in connection with, or (c) is intended to be used in connection with drug trafficking or an indictable offence; or that any property is terrorist property, the person shall as soon as it is reasonable for him to do so, file an STR with the Joint Financial Intelligence Unit.
SVF deposit
Deposit placed with the licensee, or another person on behalf of the licensee, for enabling the stored value facility to be used. For legal definition of the term, please refer to section 2 of the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance .
SVF licence
A licence granted by the Monetary Authority under the Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance to a company to issue stored value facilities (SVF), facilitate the issue of SVF or operate SVF business in Hong Kong. Pursuant to Payment Systems and Stored Value Facilities Ordinance, a licensed bank is regarded as being granted a licence.
Systemically Important Authorized Institution (SIB)
SIBs are authorized institutions (AIs) whose impact, in the event of distress or failure, could cause significant disruption to the financial system and ultimately, the broader economy. In recognition of the additional risks posed by SIBs, they are subject to specifically tailored regulatory and supervisory measures.
The Monetary Authority is empowered under the Banking (Capital) Rules to designate AIs incorporated in Hong Kong as global systemically important AIs (G-SIBs) or domestic systemically important AIs (D-SIBs) and to determine the associated higher loss absorbency capital (HLA) requirements.
Tactical asset allocation (TAA)
The investment process of the Exchange Fund is underpinned by decisions on two types of asset allocation — the strategic asset allocation and the tactical asset allocation. While the strategic asset allocation (SAA) directs the medium-to-long term investment strategy, assets are tactically allocated in an attempt to achieve an excess return over the benchmark with a short-to-medium term focus guided by the SAA. As a result of this tactical asset allocation (TAA), the actual allocation is often different from the benchmark, or strategic allocation.
See also strategic asset allocation .
The financing of terrorist acts, and of terrorists and terrorist organisations. It generally refers to the carrying out of transactions involving property owned by terrorists or terrorist organisations, or that has been, or is intended to be, used to assist the commission of terrorist acts.
Terrorist financing is a criminal offence under the Laws of Hong Kong. Under the United Nations (Anti-Terrorism Measures) Ordinance (UNATMO), Cap. 575, a person commits the offence of terrorist financing if he provides or collects property knowing or with the intention that the funds will be used to commit terrorist act(s).
See also Financial Action Task Force
Three-tier Banking System
Authorized institutions under the Banking Ordinance comprise banks, restricted licence banks and deposit-taking companies, creating a licensing system with three distinct tiers. Restricted licence banks and deposit-taking companies are restricted in the amounts and terms of deposits they may accept, and only banks may operate current and savings accounts. No distinction is made, however, in the types of lending or investment business in which the different tiers of authorized institutions may engage.
Tier 1 capital
Tier 1 capital consists of Common Equity Tier 1 capital and Additional Tier 1 capital.
Tier 1 capital ratio
A ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of the authorized institution’s Tier 1 capital to the sum of the institution’s total risk-weighted amount for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and sovereign concentration risk, as determined in accordance with the Banking (Capital) Rules.
Tier 2 capital is intended to absorb losses of an authorized institution on a gone concern basis. It includes capital instruments issued by an authorized institution that meet the qualifying criteria set out in Schedule 4C to the Banking (Capital) Rules, share premium resulting from the issue of Tier 2 capital instruments, the amount of minority interests arising from Tier 2 capital instruments issued by consolidated bank subsidiaries of the authorized institution and held by third parties, reserves attributable to fair value gains arising from revaluation of an authorized institution’s holdings of land and buildings and regulatory reserves for general banking risks and collective provisions.
The sum of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital of an authorized institution.
Total capital ratio
A ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of the authorized institution’s Total capital to the sum of the institution’s total risk-weighted amount for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and sovereign concentration risk, as determined in accordance with the Banking (Capital) Rules.
See also capital adequacy ratio .
Tracker Fund of Hong Kong (TraHK)
A unit trust launched in November 1999 as a disposal programme of the Exchange Fund Investment Limited for part of the Hong Kong equity portfolio purchased by the Exchange Fund in August 1998 together with the Hong Kong equities transferred from the Land Fund. It was launched in the form of an initial public offering and an international offering and is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
See also exchange-traded fund.
Trading book
A book showing positions in financial instruments and commodities held either with trading intent or for the purpose of hedging other elements of the trading book. The financial instruments held in the trading book should be free of any restrictive covenants on their tradability or able to be hedged completely. In addition, these positions should be frequently and accurately valued, and the portfolio should be actively managed.
See also banking book.
Transfer of authorization
Under the Banking Ordinance, the authorization of an authorized institution may be transferred from that institution to another institution. A transfer of authorization may not take effect until the HKMA agrees that the transferee satisfies the minimum criteria for authorization and grants the transfer. Following the issue of a certificate of transfer by the HKMA, the transferee may exercise the same privileges, and is subject to the same conditions, liabilities and penalties, as the original grantee. The transferor ceases to be authorized, but remains responsible for any liability incurred prior to the transfer.
Treasury Markets Association (TMA)
The TMA was set up in November 2005 through the institutionalisation of the Treasury Markets Forum of Hong Kong, including a merger with ACI-The Financial Markets Association of Hong Kong. The TMA promotes co-operation among market participants with a view to raising the professionalism of practitioners and the overall competitiveness of the treasury markets in Hong Kong. Specifically, the TMA develops and promotes appropriate codes and standards for treasury markets; promotes market and product development; provides training and accreditation of relevant qualifications; and raises the profile of Hong Kong as the preferred hub for treasury market businesses in the region. The TMA consists of both individual and institutional members from the foreign exchange and money markets, debt, derivatives and other treasury markets.
Treat Customers Fairly Charter
All retail banks in Hong Kong and all member institutions of Private Wealth Management Association signed up to the Treat Customers Fairly Charter in October 2013 and Treat Customers Fairly Charter for Private Wealth Management Industry in June 2017 respectively, which demonstrate the industry’s commitment not only to treating customers fairly but also to fostering a stronger culture towards fair treatment of customers at all levels of banks and at all stages of their relationship with customers.
Tripartite meeting
An annual meeting between the HKMA and an authorized institution and its auditors, normally following the institution's annual audit. The discussion typically includes any matter arising out of the audit, such as identified weaknesses in internal controls, adequacy of provisions, and compliance with prudential standards and the various requirements of the Banking Ordinance.
A security measure which uses a combination of two different factors for validating the identity and authority of an e-banking customer. Typically, the first factor is "something a customer knows" (e.g. user ID and password) and the second factor is "something a customer has" (e.g. one-time passwords generated by a security token, a hardware electronic key, the customer's private key stored in a smart card or other devices in the customer's possession).
Different authorized institutions may offer different types of two-factor authentication methods to customers. Three common types adopted by banks in Hong Kong are digital certificates, SMS-based one-time passwords and security token-based one-time passwords.
US Dollar Clearing System
To facilitate the efficient settlement of US dollar transactions in Hong Kong and the region and to eliminate the settlement risks that may arise when the two currency legs of a foreign exchange transaction are spread across different time zones, the HKMA has introduced the US Dollar Clearing System in Hong Kong which has been in operation since December 2000. The US Dollar Clearing System is built on the same infrastructure as the Hong Kong dollar Real Time Gross Settlement system and offers a range of advanced and sophisticated clearing and settlement functions. The key functions include Real Time Gross Settlement for US dollar payments, a delivery versus payment (DvP) facility for US dollar-denominated shares, payment versus payment for USD/HKD, USD/RMB and EUR/USD foreign exchange transactions, and processing of US dollar cheques. The system is also linked to the Central Moneymarkets Unit to cater for the DvP of US dollar denominated debt securities and repurchase agreement facilities.
See also Hong Kong Dollar Clearing System, Euro Clearing System and Renminbi Clearing System.
US federal funds rate
The US federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions lend balances at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the target level or target range for the federal funds rate is the US Federal Reserve’s primary means of adjusting the stance of monetary policy. In Hong Kong, the Base Rate, which is a reference rate for banks to obtain day-end liquidity under the Discount Window, is determined by making reference to the target for US federal funds rate.
Virtual bank
A bank which primarily delivers retail banking services through the internet or other forms of electronic channels instead of physical branches.
Founded in 1944, the World Bank Group consists of five closely associated institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC); Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA); and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The World Bank is the world's largest source of development assistance to help developing countries on to a path of stable, sustainable, and equitable growth. Though not a member, Hong Kong has participated in the activities or discussions of the World Bank as part of the UK Delegation prior to 1 July 1997 and as part of the People's Republic of China Delegation thereafter. The HKMA co-ordinates matters relating to the participation of Hong Kong in the World Bank. In September 2000, the IFC and the IBRD established in Hong Kong a joint regional office for managing the IFC's operations and IBRD's private sector development work in East Asia and the Pacific region.
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The HKMA has set up a dedicated webpage to facilitate public understanding of measures by the HKMA and the banking sector to support SMEs and individuals amid the COVID-19 outbreak. You may also find the relevant enquiry hotline and email address there. View the website.
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Home / All Continents / The Americas / Caribbean
Lanzarote 196487 19
Madeira 148804 18
Malta 127910 11
Malaga 80747 15
Marrakesh 78134 19
Turks Islands
Federation of St Kitts & Nevis
St Maarten and St Martin
Other Regions in The Americas
Caribbean Weather Overview
The Caribbean is a region lying in the midst of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea consisting of over 7000 islands. Sitting North of South America and South of North America (try that for a mouthful!) the region as a whole observes a tropical climate which varies slightly as you head further north or south, east or west. While the conditions vary island to island, you can basically sum up the conditions by saying that temperatures are moderate, there is little seasonal variation and the climate makes for a near perfect beach holiday destination. (near perfect being the operative words as the area is prone to tropical storms)
If you want a moderate climate, days that are abundant with sun and sea, white sandy beaches and a laid back approach to life then the island escapes of the Caribbean will definitely be your cup of tea. (or coconut juice!)
The weather in the Caribbean is largely moderated by the Gulf Stream and the local trade winds. The Gulf Stream keeps the area warmer by bringing a warm current up from the Gulf of Mexico, which ensures that in winter the temperatures remain mild and very rarely drop below 10 degrees.
The trade winds come into play most noticeably in summer as they provide a welcome break from the scorching summer sun. Blowing in an east west direction the winds wash over the island in the afternoon cooling the region and providing a relaxing and pleasant ocean side environment keeping temperatures a few degrees lower than if the winds werenât present.
Acting as a 3200km break that separates the Atlantic Ocean from the Caribbean Sea, the West Indies (these days more commonly known as the Caribbean) can be best divided into four smaller geographical regions:
-The Bahamas, lies in the north of the region, nearest to the United States, known as the gateway to the Caribbean.
-The Greater Antilles is the North West, comprised of the largest islands and independent nations of Cuba and Jamaica and also Puerto Rico and Hispaniola.
-The Leeward Islands which lie in the northern part of the lower Antilles is comprised of the main islands of Antigua, Guadeloupe, Montserkat, Saint Kitts and Nevis and the Virgin Islands.
-The Winward Islands which lie south of the leeward islands and nearer to the South American coast is home to the islands of Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent.
Northern Caribbean
The Bahamas is the northern most region of the Caribbean, located in the Atlantic Ocean north of the Caribbean Sea. The archipelago of 700+ islands lies southeast of Florida and north of Cuba.
The Bahamas is all about sun, sand, surf and relaxation. The northern islands of the Bahamas, including the main island of Grand Bahama island and the smaller island of Abaco are the only part of the entire Caribbean region that donât like within the tropics, so these areas have a tendency to be about 5 degrees cooler than the rest of the islands and their climate is characterized by subtropical conditions.
The weather in the remainder of the Bahamas is tropical, and is largely influenced by the waters of the Gulf Stream, particularly in the winter. The Gulf Stream is a local Atlantic current which originates in the Gulf of Mexico and brings warmer temperatures up into the region, ensuring temperatures are a few degrees warmer than areas not influenced by the current. The Bahamas doesnât really experience any temperature extremes and is classed as a tropical maritime climate which is characterized by tropical conditions and a narrow annual range in temperatures.
The trade winds that blow east to west through the islands, and the entirety of the Caribbean, have a moderating effect and keep the temperatures mild ensuring the weather is warm and agreeable for much of the year.
June through until November is Hurricane Season in the Bahamas so be sure to check the up to date weather forecasts before planning a trip to the region. Many hotels in the area offer excellent refund policies in the advent of an unexpected hurricane so try not to let the weather deter you if planning to travel in this time.
The islands basically see two seasons, summer and winter. Summer runs from May through until September and is generally fairly hot and quite muggy; this is also the rainy season in the region so the summer months are quite humid. Average yearly humidity sits at 65% but is considerably higher throughout summer.
The temperature range throughout the season is about 27 to 32 degrees, with June to September being the hottest months which see daily temperatures of 27 to 28 degrees. The previously mentioned trade winds keep the temperatures slighter cooler and it is very rare for the mercury to rise above 38 degrees.
âWinterâ runs from October to April and plays host to the islands peak season. Apart from the final month of hurricane season (October) the weather during winter is idyllic. In addition to being slightly cooler than summer the period it is also considerably drier and the majority of the annual rainfall occurs in the summer months. The average temperature throughout winter ranges from 21 to 27 degrees, December to February being the coolest seeing daily averages of a mild 21 degrees.
Due to its location near the equator there isnât a large variation in daily sunrise and sunset year round and the sun can often feel like it is belting down on you as it lies directly above you. While the more northern and western islands of the Bahamas remain slightly cooler than the southern islands, the islands as a whole average about 8 hours of uninterrupted sun per day and this occurs 310 days of the year- obviously the reason why in 1760 George Washington called the Bahamas the âislands of perpetual June.â
While the barometer can see highs in excess of 30 degrees in the height of summer and the humidity in the wet season can occasionally get uncomfortable it is welcoming to know that there is never more than a 5 degree difference between air and sea temperature so you can take refuge in the utopian crystal waters that the Bahamas are so famed for.
If venturing to the Bahamas head to Granada Bahama Island or New Providence if you want to mingle amongst larger numbers of tourists and experience a true beach side resort holiday. However if you want to see a slightly more authentic side of the region and areas that may not cater as much for tourism then head to the smaller islands of Andros, Eluthera, Cat Island, Exumus, San Salvador or the Berry Islands.
The Greater Antilles
Lies to the west of the Bahamas and made up of the larger islands of Cuba, Jamaica Puerto Rice and Hispaniola. The climate in this region is fairly similar to that of the Bahamas, though as you head further south temperatures heat up and the climate becomes more tropical.
Cuba is the largest island in this area, with its capital city of Havana hosting a population of close to 2.6 million. The island has a tropical climate which sees a temperature range of 22 degrees in winter to 28 degrees in summer. The summer months of June to October are the rainy season and see on average 7 to 10 days of rain each month. Rainfall is generally heaviest in October and lightest from February through April. In Havana the summer months see an average high of 31 degrees and the winter months play host to a mild enjoyable high of 26 degrees.
Many of the larger islands in the Caribbean are quite mountainous which has the affect of creating local temperature differences which are dependant on rising altitude. As you increase in altitude, temperatures fall and rainfall increases. Cuba is no exception, with the Sierra Maestra mountain range lying at its south end.
Jamaica is the third largest island in the Caribbean, after Hispaniola and Cuba. The island has the Blue Mountains in its interior and this range is surrounded by a narrow coastal plain. Most of the countryâs major towns and cities are located on the coast including the capital city of Kingston. The climate in Jamaica is again tropical, hot and humid with the higher altitudes having a more temperature, cooler climate. On the south coast there are drier plains which see less rain as a result of being shadowed and protected by the inland mountain ranges.
Jamaica, as well as Cuba and Hispaniola all lie in the hurricane belt of the Atlantic Ocean. The islands as a result have experienced significant storm damage in the past. In recent years the islands have been badly affected by Hurricane Ivan and Hurricane Wilma, which have devastated parts of the islands resulting in loss of life, loss of homes, severe flooding and wind damage and the need for significant rebuilding of homes and infrastructure. It is best to take note that these destructive storms are most common in the months of September and October.
Within this region you will also find the picturesque holiday resort of the Cayman Islands, home to the popular island of Grand Cayman. Tourism accounts for 70-75% of the annual GDP of the Cayman Islands most of which is harbored in Grand Cayman, so it is not hard to believe that the area is home to a idyllic climate, perfect sandy beaches and amazing crystal clear water. Unfortunately, Grand Cayman was devastated by Hurricane Ivan in 2004 which destroyed 80% of the islands buildings however the large majority of the island has been since repaired.
Central Caribbean
Hispaniola is the second-largest island of the Antilles, lying between the islands of Cuba and Puerto Rico with Jamaica to its south west. The island is comprised of Haiti, which is a French and Creole speaking country that occupies the islands west side, and the Dominican Republic which is situated on two thirds of the island on the eastern side.
Like neighbouring areas, the island as a whole experiences a tropical maritime climate characterized by a narrow temperature range, mild dry winters and hot wet summers. The mountainous regions in both Haiti and Dominican Republic are much cooler than the coastal plains, but the average annual temperature range across the whole island is about 25 degrees in winter to 30 degrees in summer
Haiti, on the west side, has high biodiversity, particularly when considering its relatively small size. Itâs mountainous topography and varying elevations means that each elevation harbors a different microclimates each playing host to its own unique fauna and flora. The country has amazing scenery, including luscious green cloud forests in which the cloud cover lies so low that it spreads in amongst the fertile mossy tropical forests, making for an eerie and fairytale-esque surrounding. These forests are set against high mountain peaks and palm tree-lined beaches and contrasted with the cactus scattered arid deserts.
The Dominican Republic has four main mountain ranges, with the Cordillera Central range being the largest and home to the four highest peaks in the entirety of the West Indies. There are various other mountain ranges spread throughout the country and as a Republic boasts a number of fertile valleys and plains, a result of the ranges running parallel to each other.
As a result of the mountain ranges in the centre of the island, the north coast of the Dominican Republic sees rain throughout the entirety of the year and there isnât really a dry season. The south coast, because shadowed by the mountains, is considerably drier and sees a greater distinction in precipitation across seasons. Santo Domingo is the countryâs capital located on the southern coast of the island at the mouth of the Ozama River.
In Santo Domingo the average temperature varies very little, this is due to the tropical trade winds which help mitigate the heat and humidity throughout the year. December to January sees with city at its coolest and July and August are the warmest.
Puerto Rico is the most easterly lying of the larger Caribbean Islands. As the island is quite mountainous this has an affect on the weather conditions. Like the Dominican Republic the centre and the north coast of the island is exposed to the north east trade winds which consequently means these areas are much wetter than their southern counterparts.
The islands capital of San Juan lays on the north coast of the island so therefore receives rainfall for much of the year. The average maximum temperature range is 27 degrees in the winter to 30 degrees in the summer, and the average minimum range is 21 degrees to 24 degrees. June through to October is the hottest, while there isnât a huge difference between this period and the âwinterâ months.
February and March do see the least rainfall which make these months one of the most popular times to visit. The island as a whole sees an average annual temperature of 28 degrees, and the area becomes warmer if the local winds are blowing from the south- this will have the affect of increasing the daily high by up to 5 degrees.
The south of the Caribbean is home to the Westward and Leeward Islands. These names came about because of the islandsâ location in the path of the prevailing trade winds.
The Windward Islands are called such because when the region was first being explored they were more windward than the Leeward Islands to sailing ships arriving in the New World. Windward is the direction that the wind is blowing from, and as the prevailing trade winds blow northeast to southwest, this lead to the Windward and Leeward islands being named as such.
The main Windward Islands are Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Barbados, Grenadines, Grenada, Dominica and the main Leeward Islands are the US and British Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Saint Kitts, Antigua and Barduba, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica and Saint Martin (among others).
One of the primary differences between the Windward and Leeward islands are their location in the hurricane belt. The Windward Islands, in particular the most southern islands of Barbados, Grenada and St Lucia are rarely hit by the devastating hurricanes that hit the more northern regions. Barbados, for example, is only hit by hurricanes every 25to 30 years- though the area was damaged by 2004âs Hurricane Ivan.
The Windward region basically plays host to a dual season climate- wet and dry. The wet season falls from about May/June through until December and the dry season December to May. Average temperature across the islands sits at 27-28 degrees, with temperatures in excess of 30 degrees no uncommon in the summer months, though relief is welcomed by the local trade winds which cool the islands in the afternoons.
The Windward Islands have a moderate tropical climate which varies only slightly from island to islands depending on their proximity to the South American mainland and the specific geography and topography of each island.
Barbados for example is a relatively flat island, it consequently plays host to a fairly standard tropical climate with a dry season from December to May and a wet season from June to November. Martinique, on the other hand, is a mountainous and lushly forested island, so it will record greater average rainfall as the precipitation increases with altitude. The famous volcanic mountain of Mount Pelee lies in Martiniqueâs centre, resulting in a dramatic difference between the north coast and south coast beaches. Northern beaches are coated in grey and black sand, a stark contrast from the perfect white sandy beaches of the south coast.
Grenada, like the rest of the region, hosts two seasons- wet and dry. The Dry season is cooled by the local trade winds and the island is fortunate enough to have only suffered three hurricanes in the last 5 decades- a result of its privileged location on the southern edge of the hurricane belt.
The Leeward Islands are home to the Virgin Islands which lie in the path of violent tropical hurricanes which are most common between August and October. Generally though the conditions in the Leeward Islands is fairly similar to the remainder of the Caribbean, with rainfall increasing on the islands with high altitudes, and the heat moderated by the trade winds.
Typical daily maxima sits at around 32 °C in the summer and 29 °C in the winter. Rainfall averages about 1150 mm per year, increasing in the hills and lower in the coastal regions. The wettest months on average are September to November and the driest months on average are February and March. Keep in mind that the hurricane season runs from June to November.
The Leeward Islands, much like many islands within the Caribbean are home to areas of great biodiversity and microclimates. For example, Saba, a small island in the Netherlands Antilles is home to woodland forest with ferns and damp soil, and an abundance of mango trees. The island of Saint Kitts has an interior region that is too steep for anyone to live there, and thus experiences greater rainfall than other islands. Redonda is an uninhabited island which protrudes steeply from the sea and is nothing more than remnants of the cone of an extinct volcano, therefore consisting mostly as sheer cliffs.
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Provides update on how dealer’s licence and certificate applications will be handled and how inspection will be conducted during COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered national and international restrictions that have affected the conduct of on-site, face-to-face GMP and other regulatory inspections.
HSA remains committed to maintain an effective monitoring programme for licensed manufacturers and dealers, and to ensure availability of GMP certificates to support regulatory submissions. To avoid disruptions in the supply of medicines, the HSA has adopted a risk-based approach to enable continued regulatory oversight and the assessment of manufacturers and dealers during this period of time.
As the Circuit Breaker measures have been lifted from 2 June and we transition to Phase 1 and Phase 2 to reopen the economy, the HSA inspectors will assess the various means available for inspection in consultation with each specific manufacturing site. This may range from a fully virtual inspection, a hybrid of virtual and on-site inspection to a fully on-site inspection where it is deem as necessary and safe to undertake.
If an on-site inspection is required, all necessary measures will be taken to mitigate the risk of transmission of infection and the potential impact of the on-site inspection to the health and safety of company’s personnel and the inspectors involved.
For a virtual inspection to be feasible, we recommend that the company has a reliable wifi network in place, a stable internet connection, up-to-date remote video communication system, a mobile device enabled with video streaming function and connectivity to the internet (for virtual live tour), document scanner and document exchange platform, where possible.
If a virtual inspection is carried out, the pre-inspection process, inspection proceeding and post-inspection process are largely similar to an on-site inspection except that the on-site interaction between the inspectors and the company would be based on teleconferencing and video conferencing.
Assessment of Overseas Manufacturers
Due to on-going travel and border control restrictions, and risk considerations on the health and safety of our inspectors, the HSA will put the applications for all overseas inspections on hold until it is feasible for overseas travel to resume for on-site inspection of a manufacturing site in a foreign country.
We will continue to review our risk-based approach for the assessment of all licence or certificate applications and make the appropriate adjustment as the situation develops.
PRISM (Therapeutic products)
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Havelock North Drinking Water Supply Update
Hawke’s Bay Regional Council has laid charges against a party for alleged offences uncovered in the course of its investigation into the contamination of Havelock North drinking water.
HBRC has undertaken an extensive investigation into the source of the contamination and the condition of water supply bores in the area in accordance with its statutory responsibilities under the Resource Management Act.
During its investigations HBRC has found evidence of a breach of the maintenance conditions of the party’s resource consent. If a breach is proved, the resource consent no longer permits the taking of water. HBRC has commenced a prosecution against the party, alleging the unlawful taking of water from the aquifer arising from the alleged failure to meet well head maintenance conditions.
HBRC Chief Executive Andrew Newman says the drinking water contamination has had a devastating effect on the Havelock North community with wider regional impacts and HBRC is very keen to see the cause of the contamination identified and to ensure it does not happen again.
He says HBRC had more than 15 people working on its investigations. These include scientists from HBRC, and Environmental Science Research (ESR) with expertise in the environment, land use, water and climate, as well as dye tracing experts. He says their investigations have included surface and groundwater quality, the bore infrastructure, water pathways in the local environment and livestock in nearby paddocks.
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Embryologist – Reproductive Health
Medical scientists specializing in the study of reproduction are known as embryologists. They study embryos in a variety of settings such as fertility clinics, laboratories, commercial industries, and hospitals. Capable of combining research with clinical work, they can either work in a fertility clinic helping those with reproductive issues, or they may also work in a research lab.
Most commonly, embryologists can be found assisting in in vitro fertilization or IVF. This process starts with the stimulation of a woman’s ovaries, so she begins to ovulate. Once the eggs are formed, they are harvested using ultrasound guidance.
They can help with in vitro fertilization, usually referred to as IVF. IVF is a process that begins with ovulation induction for stimulating a woman’s ovaries. The eggs are then harvested through an ultrasound-guided technique. After the eggs are retrieved, they are fertilized in a laboratory for three to five days. Next, the embryos may be transferred into the woman’s uterus or they may be frozen for implantation at a later date.
An embryologist’s job involves retrieving eggs from a patient, conducting tests on samples, working with embryos, and retrieving sperm samples from a patient. From the time an egg is retrieved to the time that the embryo is planted into the womb, an embryologist must be responsible for every step of the process. Finally, after a viable embryo is implanted in the womb, they must monitor the pregnancy until a successful delivery is made.
Embryologist Specializations & Degree Types
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Featured Embryology Programs
The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences BSHS - Clinical Embryology and Assisted Reproductive Technology
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Embryology has many sub branches in it. They are as follows:
Comparative embryology: This sub-branch studies, compares, and analyzes the embryological development of different types of species.
Descriptive embryology: Descriptive embryology deals with the observation and description of the development of an embryo.
Experimental embryology: Also called as analytical embryology or casual embryology, this type involves experimenting with embryos to study various developmental stages. Experimental embryology helps scientists understand the basic mechanisms of organisms. This field involves dissecting embryos, removing and transplanting various parts of an embryo, and even altering environmental conditions.
Chemical embryology: Also known as biochemical or physiological embryology, this branch deals with biochemical, physiological, and biophysical techniques.
Tetralogy: This branch deals with the malfunctioning of an embryo.
Developmental biology: This branch deals with the development of the embryo as well as other processes such as metamorphosis, the normal and neoplastic growth, regeneration and tissue repair.
Admission Requirements for a Reproductive Technology Program
An undergraduate degree in biology, biotechnology, biomedical science, or another related discipline is the minimum requirement for students who wish to become embryologists. A bachelor’s degree provides students with the foundation for getting started in the field. After earning a bachelor’s degree, students can also apply for a graduate degree in embryology. Earning a master’s degree is not a requirement, but it does help to qualify them for better employment opportunities. Some embryologists earn an MD or PhD as well. Students with a PhD or MSc will be favored for positions in management over students with just a BSc.
Admission requirements for a bachelor’s degree generally involves a high school diploma, a high school grade point average of at least 2.5, an official copy of high school transcript or GED, official transcripts from each college or university previously attended, and proof of English proficiency for international students.
Major admission requirements for a master’s degree in embryology include an undergraduate degree from a regionally accredited institution, a minimum grade point average of 3.0, transcripts, three letters of recommendation, personal statement or essay, and TOEFL scores for international students.
Accreditation for Embryology Degree Programs
Accreditation helps students gauge whether a program will provide them with relevant skills and knowledge. Accredited institutions undergo rigorous review based on certain quality standards. This ensures that they provide top-notch training to their students.
The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. (ABET) provides accreditation to programs in biotechnology, while the Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering also accredits programs in the field.
Although there is no accreditation body specifically for embryology, all prospective students of this discipline should ensure that their program of choice has been accredited by a reputable authority—one recognized by the Department of Education’s Commission on Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA).
On-Campus Degree Programs Related to Embryology
Colorado State University offers a bachelor of science degree program in biomedical sciences. The program prepares students for graduate programs in biomedical science, as well as a career in biotechnology.
Applicants to the program are required to submit high school transcripts, test scores, a personal statement, recommendation letters, and evidence of English proficiency (for international students only), among other documentation. Additionally, students who are first-year applicants and under 23 years of age or those who have passed high school less than five years ago must also submit SAT or ACT scores.
The program comprises 120 credit-hours. Courses include biomedical sciences, the fundamentals of physiology, introductory eukaryotic cell biology, the fundamentals of organic chemistry, an introduction to statistical methods, and the principles of biochemistry.
Students develop a strong understanding of anatomy and physiology, especially at the molecular level. They also develop soft skills such as leadership, communication, and critical thinking. At the end of the program, graduates can work in a variety of industries such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and biotechnology.
Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission
Expected Time to Completion: 48 months
Estimated Tuition: $1,407 per credit-hour
Northeastern University offers a master of science in biotechnology program. This non-thesis brick-and-mortar program is enriched by a wide variety of practical opportunities preparing students to collaborate, lead and innovate as managerial, technical, or research professionals. The program offers the following concentrations:
Molecular biotechnology
Manufacturing and quality operations
Biopharmaceutical analytical sciences
Pharmaceutical technologies
Scientific information management
Regulatory science
Biotechnology enterprise
The faculty for the program includes renowned professors who bring extensive knowledge of their field, industry trends, and practical experience to the classroom.
Admission requirements for the program include a bachelor’s degree or equivalent from an accredited college or university, unofficial transcripts for all institutions attended, personal statement, a current resume, two letters of recommendation, and official TOEFL, IELTS or PTE scores for non-native English speaking applicants.
Made up of 34 credit-hours, the program provides students with professional skills and biotechnology expertise needed to be successful in governmental, clinical, and industrial settings. Some of the courses include an introduction to biotechnology, the biotechnology enterprise, molecular cell biology for biotechnology, analytical biotechnology, and experimental design and biostatistics.
The program provides students with an overview of innovation, intellectual property, planning, government regulation, and strategic alliances. Students also delve into biotechnology entrepreneurship, management, and the legal aspects of science. They gain real-world knowledge, awareness, perspective, and confidence. On completion of the program, students can pursue opportunities in various sectors including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, as well as entrepreneurial biotechnology.
Accreditation: New England Commission of Higher Education
Expected Time to Completion: 24 to 36 months
Estimated Tuition: $52,700 for the program
Online or Hybrid Degree Programs Related to Embryology
Arizona State University’s International School of Biomedical Diagnostics offers a fully online master of science in biomedical diagnostics. The program covers the following four core areas:
Application of diagnostics
Business of diagnostics
Science of diagnostics
Technology of diagnostics
The program’s admission requirements include a bachelor’s or master’s degree from a regionally accredited college or university in biomedical informatics, life sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, biochemistry, or any other closely related field; a minimum cumulative grade point average of 3.0; official transcripts; two letters of recommendation; and proof of English proficiency.
Comprising 30 credit-hours, the program includes courses such as current perspectives in biomedical diagnostics, an introduction to biomedical informatics, health economics, the regulation of medical diagnostics, policy and payment models, biomedical device design, and molecular diagnostics.
The program introduces students to the role of diagnostics in different aspects of healthcare such as pharmaceuticals and technology, management of patients, healthcare finance, and healthcare policy.
Graduates of the program are well-equipped to pursue opportunities in quality systems, business development, regulatory affairs, clinical research support and management, sales management, and account management. They can take up roles as product heads, general managers, laboratory directors, national sales directors, regulatory and policy leads, and more.
Location: Tempe, Arizona
Estimated Tuition: $831 per credit-hour
The University of Northern Colorado offers an online master’s degree in biomedical science, which provides students with a strong foundation in biomedical coursework and underlying and supporting medicine.
Admission requirements for the program include a bachelor’s degree from an accredited college or university (or an equivalent degree from a foreign institute), a cumulative grade point average of 3.0 or better, English language proficiency for international students residing outside of the United States, and test scores.
This is a 30-credit-hour program that requires students to pass a comprehensive exam in order to graduate. The curriculum includes courses such as biomedicine and careers, immunology and disease, virology, reproductive and developmental biology, molecular genetics, and developmental biology.
The program helps students enhance their academic credentials and get prepared for entrance to a health professional school or biomedical career.
Location: Greeley, Colorado
Accreditation: Higher Learning Commission (HLC) of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA)
Expected Time to Completion: Less than 12 months
How Long Does it Take to Become an Embryologist?
Embryology is the study of embryos, not just human or mammalian, but also those of animals that have different fetal development cycles such as turtles or flies. A bachelor’s degree in biomedicine, biology, or biomedical science is generally the minimum requirement for becoming an embryologist. Some positions may require the student to have a master’s or doctoral degree. A bachelor’s degree typically takes four to five years to complete, while a master’s degree takes an additional two years of study, and a PhD takes another three years. In all, one can expect four to nine years of postsecondary studies to become an embryologist.
How To Become an Embryologist – Step-by-Step Guide
Embryologists are medical professionals and scientists focusing on reproductive research and fertility treatments. They are responsible for running fertility tests, harvesting eggs and sperm, and conducting in-vitro fertilization procedures for patients that have problems with fertility.
Earning a bachelor’s degree is the first step for becoming an embryologist. Students will have to major in subjects such as medical laboratory science, biology, or a related field. With a bachelor’s degree, students can expect to find entry-level work in medical laboratories and acquire professional laboratory experience. However, a bachelor’s degree is not sufficient if one wishes to become an embryologist.
Step 2: Earn a Master’s Degree (Two Years or More, Optional)
For conducting embryology procedures in a laboratory and advancing to positions of leadership, students will require a master’s degree. This will help them find work in labs observing and conducting IVF procedures.
Step 3: Earn a PhD or MD Degree (Three Years or More, Optional)
Further, if students wish to conduct independent research or work with patients, they will be required to earn either an MD or a PhD. Those with a PhD are well-qualified to conduct experiments and research around infertility and come up with new solutions. For treating patients or prescribing medicines, a medical degree is required.
What Do Embryologists Do?
Embryologists have a wide range of duties and responsibilities such as assisting physicians with clinical work, informing patients about embryonic abnormalities or reproductive health problems, retrieving eggs from patients, conducting diagnostic tests on embryos and eggs, and assisting with in vitro fertilization. They also conduct experiments to study the functions and genetics of embryos, maintain the viability of embryos during processing, and are responsible for maintenance of equipment and records.
Here are some common tasks that an embryologist might perform:
Performing various embryological medical procedures, such as fertility analysis and in-vitro fertilization
Counseling and advising patients on fertility and ART (assisted reproductive technology) procedures
Treating infertility issues using ART
Collecting, processing, and preserving reproductive gametes from patients
Ensuring that sperm, embryos, and eggs are properly stored and cared for in laboratories
Embryologist Certifications & Licensure
Certification is not a requirement for practicing embryology. However, earning a certification does help students demonstrate basic or advanced knowledge of clinical embryology and get access to lucrative opportunities.
One such certification is offered by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). The main objective of the ESHRE is to promote an understanding of reproductive medicine and biology. It is one of the most renowned certifications all over the globe. As an ESHRE-certified clinical embryologist, candidates will be able to participate in the continuing professional development (CPD) program developed by the ESHRE.
In order to receive this certification, students must have a BSc in natural sciences and at least three years of hands-on experience. For the senior clinical embryologist certification, students will need an MSc or PhD in natural sciences and a minimum of three years of hands-on experience.
How Much Do Embryologists Make?
While there is no specific information on the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS 2019) for embryologists, it does list the median salary of a medical scientist as $84,810, as of May 2018. The number of medical scientists in that year was 130,700.
According to PayScale (Dec. 2019), the average salary for an embryologist is $68,240 with the following percentiles:
150th percentile (median): $68,000
90th percentile: – $110,000
PayScale also reports that the average pay by experience level for an embryologist is as follows:
Less than one year: $52,000
One to four years: $58,000
Five to nine years: $72,000
Ten to 19 years: $ 87,000
20+ years: $83,000
Farheen Gani
Farheen is a freelance writer, marketer, and researcher. She writes about technology, education, and marketing. Her work has appeared on websites such as Tech in Asia and Foundr, as well as top SaaS blogs such as Zapier and InVision. You can connect with her on LinkedIn and Twitter (@FarheenGani).
How Do I Become a Pharmacist?
How Much Do Radiographers and Radiologic Technologists Make?
What is Bioinformatics?
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Henry James (I) (1843–1916)
Henry James was born 15 April 1843, to a wealthy family. He was born in New York, New York USA. His parents were Henry James Sr. and Mary Robertson Walsh; He had one brother William James (January 11 1842-August 26 1910) and one sister Alice James. When Henry James was a young boy he would enjoy reading the classics of English, American, German, ... See full bio »
April 15, 1843 in New York City, New York, USA
February 28, 1916 (age 72) in London, England, UK
‘The Haunting Of Bly Manor’ Tops All-Netflix Nielsen Streaming Chart
12 November 2020 | Deadline
Spooky S*#t to Watch on All Hallows' Eve
31 October 2020 | TVfanatic
Haunting Of Bly Manor: 10 Behind-The-Scenes Facts Fans Need To Know
25 October 2020 | Screen Rant
Details only on IMDbPro »
Deaths: February 28
Greatest Authors
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〘Writer's Portrait〙
a list of 30 images
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Come Under My Umbrella...
Face-Off: Mike Flanagan's "Hauntings"
Best House of Horror
Bird, bird; bird is a word
Black & White Horror Movies (1961-1990)
1 video »
What Maisie Knew Writer
The Innocents Writer
The Wings of the Dove Writer
The Portrait of a Lady Writer
Hide Show Writer (152 credits)
2020 Owen Wingrave (TV Mini-Series) (short story - 2 episodes)
- Act 2 (2020) ... (short story)
2019-2020 Cineficción Radio (TV Series) (novel "The Turn of the Screw" - 2 episodes)
- Casas (2020) ... (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
- Henry James (2019) ... (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
2020 The Haunting of Bly Manor (TV Mini-Series) (based on the work of - 9 episodes)
- The Great Good Place (2020) ... (based on the work of)
- The Beast in the Jungle (2020) ... (based on the work of)
- The Romance of Certain Old Clothes (2020) ... (based on the work of)
- The Two Faces, Part Two (2020) ... (based on the work of)
- The Jolly Corner (2020) ... (based on the work of)
Show all 9 episodes
2020 Turn of the Screw (novel)
2020/II The Turn of the Screw (Video) (short story)
2020/I The Turn of the Screw (Video) (short story)
2020 The Turning (based on the novel "The Turn of the Screw" by)
2020/I Owen Wingrave (Video) (short story by)
2020/II Owen Wingrave (Video) (short story)
2019 Spellbound (short story: 'The Way It Came')
2019 The Beast in the Jungle (novel)
2018 The Aspern Papers (based on the novel by)
2017 Post Tenebras Lux (TV Series)
2017 The Turn of the Screw (Video) (novella)
2016 The Tutor
2015 Through the Shadow (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
2014 Le Tour d'écrou (TV Movie) (short story)
2014 Owen Wingrave (Video) (short story)
2013 The Turn of the Screw (TV Movie) (short story)
2013 52 (TV Series) (original story - 1 episode)
- Henry James's the Liar (2013) ... (original story)
2012 The Turn of the Screw (Video) (after the story by)
2012 What Maisie Knew (based on the novel by)
2010 The Aspern Papers (novella "The Aspern Papers")
2009 The Turn of the Screw (TV Movie) (from original story by) / (story)
2009 The Turn of the Screw (TV Movie) (novel)
2007 Le pendu (TV Movie) (novel "The Third Person")
2007 Kin iro no tsubasa (TV Series) (novel)
2006 Private Life (short story "Private Life")
2006 In a Dark Place (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
2005 The Californians (novel "The Bostonians")
2004 Turn of the Screw by Benjamin Britten (TV Movie) (novella - uncredited)
2003 The Turn of the Screw (novel)
2002 Friends of Friends (TV Movie) (novel)
2001 Owen Wingrave (TV Movie) (novella)
2001 The Turn of the Screw (TV Movie) (novella "The Turn of the Screw")
2000 The Golden Bowl (novel)
1999 The Haunting of Hell House (story)
1999 Presence of Mind (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
1999 Nora (TV Movie) (novel)
1998 The American (TV Movie) (novel "The American")
1998 Under Heaven (novel "The Wings of the Dove")
1997 Washington Square (novel)
1997 The Wings of the Dove (novel)
1996 Le fantôme de Longstaff (Short) (short story)
1996 The Pupil (story "The Pupil")
1996 The Portrait of a Lady (novel)
1995 Ce que savait Maisie (TV Movie) (novel "What Maisie Knew")
1995 The Haunting of Helen Walker (TV Movie) (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
1994 Duchovo nájomné (TV Movie) (story)
1994 The Turn of the Screw (TV Movie) (after)
1991 The Turn of the Screw: Britten (TV Movie) (based on a story by)
1991 Els papers d'Aspern (novel "The Aspern Papers")
1990 The Turn of the Screw - Die Drehung der Schraube (TV Movie) (novel)
1989 Great Performances (TV Series) (after - 1 episode)
- The Aspern Papers (1989) ... (after)
1989 Nightmare Classics (TV Series) (based on the novel by - 1 episode)
- The Turn of the Screw (1989) ... (based on the novel by)
1988 The Beast of the Jungle (TV Movie) (novella "The Beast of the Jungle")
1985 Otra vuelta de tuerca (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
1985 American Playhouse (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)
- The Europeans (1985) ... (story)
1984 The Bostonians (novel)
1982 Die Erbin (TV Movie) (novel)
1982 Aspern (novel "The Aspern Papers")
Otra vuelta de tuerca (TV Mini-Series) (story - 3 episodes, 1981) (writer - 3 episodes, 1981)
- Episode #1.3 (1981) ... (story) / (writer: novel - The Turn of the Screw)
1981 I giochi del diavolo (TV Mini-Series) (short story "Sir Edmund Orme" - 1 episode)
- La presenza perfetta (1981) ... (short story "Sir Edmund Orme")
1981 Les ailes de la colombe (based on "The Wings of the Dove" by)
1981 Le ali della colomba (TV Mini-Series) (novel "The Wings of the Dove" - 3 episodes)
- Episode #1.3 (1981) ... (novel "The Wings of the Dove")
1980 Novelle dall'Italia (TV Mini-Series) (story)
1979 The Europeans (novel)
BBC Play of the Month (TV Series) (novel - 2 episodes, 1977 - 1979) (novel "Washington Square" - 1 episode, 1969)
- The Wings of the Dove (1979) ... (novel)
- The Ambassadors (1977) ... (novel)
- The Heiress (1969) ... (novel "Washington Square")
1979 Le destin de Priscilla Davies (TV Movie) (short story "Dans la cage")
Novela (TV Series) (12 episodes, 1967 - 1978) (novel - 1 episode, 1967)
- Las bostonianas X (1978)
- Las bostonianas IX (1978)
- Las bostonianas VIII (1978)
- Las bostonianas VII (1978)
- Las bostonianas VI (1978)
1978 The Green Room (novellas: "The Altar of the Dead", "The Beast in the Jungle" and "The Friends of the Friends")
1976 Au théâtre ce soir (TV Series) (short story - 1 episode)
- L'héritière (1976) ... (short story)
Nouvelles d'Henry James (TV Series) (short story "Owen Wingrave" - 1 episode, 1976) (short story - 1 episode, 1976) (novella "De Grey, A Romance" - 1 episode, 1976) (short story "Georgina's Reasons" - 1 episode, 1975) (novella "The Pupil" - 1 episode, 1974) (novella "The bench of desolation" - 1 episode, 1974) (novel "Turn of the Screw" - 1 episode, 1974) (novella "The Turn of the Screw" - 1 episode, 1974)
- Un jeune homme rebelle (1976) ... (short story "Owen Wingrave")
- L'auteur de Beltraffio (1976) ... (short story)
- De Grey, un Récit romanesque (1976) ... (novella "De Grey, A Romance")
- Les raisons de Georgina (1975) ... (short story "Georgina's Reasons")
- Ce que savait Morgan (1974) ... (novella "The Pupil")
1975 The Jolly Corner (TV Short) (story)
1975 El quinto jinete (TV Series) (author - 1 episode)
- La renta espectral (1975) ... (author)
1975 Washington Square (TV Movie) (novel)
1975 Ritratto di signora (TV Mini-Series) (novel "The Portrait of a Lady" - 4 episodes)
- Episode #1.4 (1975) ... (novel "The Portrait of a Lady")
Affairs of the Heart (TV Series) (story "The Aspern Papers" - 1 episode, 1975) (story "The Great Condition" - 1 episode, 1975) (story "Daisy Miller" - 1 episode, 1975) (story "Nona Vincent" - 1 episode, 1975) (story "Wings of a Dove" - 1 episode, 1975) (story "The Bench of Desolation" - 1 episode, 1975) (story "An International Episode" - 1 episode, 1974) (story "Washington Square" - 1 episode, 1974) (story "Marriages" - 1 episode, 1974) (stories "The Tone of Time" and "The Real Thing" - 1 episode, 1974) (story "Covering End" - 1 episode, 1974) (story "Glasses" - 1 episode, 1974) (story "Lord Beauprey" - 1 episode, 1974)
- Miss Tita (1975) ... (story "The Aspern Papers")
- Elizabeth (1975) ... (story "The Great Condition")
- Daisy (1975) ... (story "Daisy Miller")
- Leonie (1975) ... (story "Nona Vincent")
- Milly (1975) ... (story "Wings of a Dove")
1975 Les ailes de la colombe (TV Movie) (play)
1974 Celine and Julie Go Boating (Film-within-film based on stories by)
1974 Daisy Miller (story)
Ficciones (TV Series) (2 episodes, 1973 - 1974) (novel - 1 episode, 1973)
- La fortuna de Peter Crawford (1974)
- Owen Wingrave (1973)
- Los papeles de Aspern (1973) ... (novel)
1974 The Turn of the Screw (TV Movie) (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
1973 The ABC Afternoon Playbreak (TV Series) (novel "The Aspern Papers" - 1 episode)
- The Mask of Love (1973) ... (novel "The Aspern Papers")
1972 Il carteggio Aspern (TV Movie) (novel)
1972 The Golden Bowl (TV Mini-Series) (novel - 6 episodes)
- End Game (1972) ... (novel)
- Maggie (1972) ... (novel)
- Fanny (1972) ... (novel)
- Charlotte (1972) ... (novel)
- Mr. Verver (1972) ... (novel)
1972 Victoria (novel "Washington Square")
1972 Estudio 1 (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Daisy Miller (1972)
1971 Pesnikova pisma (TV Movie)
1971 Les papiers d'Aspern (TV Movie) (short story)
1971 Obra completa (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode)
- Cuatro encuentros (1971) ... (novel)
1971 The Nightcomers (based on characters from 'The Turn of the Screw' by)
1971 Owen Wingrave (TV Movie) (after)
1971 Masterpiece Classic (TV Series) (4 episodes)
- The Spoils of Poynton: Retribution (1971)
- The Spoils of Poynton: Trial of Strength (1971)
- The Spoils of Poynton: Sharp Practice (1971)
- The Spoils of Poynton: Pride of Possession (1971)
1970 Las grandes novelas (TV Series) (1 episode)
- Plaza Washington (1970)
1970 The Spoils of Poynton (TV Mini-Series) (novel - 4 episodes)
- Retribution (1970) ... (novel)
- Trial of Strength (1970) ... (novel)
- Sharp Practice (1970) ... (novel)
- Pride of Possession (1970) ... (novel)
1969 ITV Playhouse (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)
- Beast in the Jungle (1969) ... (story)
1968 What Maisie Knew (TV Series) (novel - 3 episodes)
- Pursuit and Capture (1968) ... (novel)
- Flight (1968) ... (novel)
- Shuttlecock (1968) ... (novel)
1968 The Portrait of a Lady (TV Series) (novel "The Portrait of a Lady" - 6 episodes)
- Revelations (1968) ... (novel "The Portrait of a Lady")
- Dissensions (1968) ... (novel "The Portrait of a Lady")
- Decisions (1968) ... (novel "The Portrait of a Lady")
- Schemes (1968) ... (novel "The Portrait of a Lady")
- Bequests (1968) ... (novel "The Portrait of a Lady")
1967 Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre (TV Series) (novel "Washington Square" - 1 episode)
- A Time to Love (1967) ... (novel "Washington Square")
Festival (TV Series) (story The Third Person - 1 episode, 1966) (short story - 1 episode, 1961)
- Spirit of the Deed (1966) ... (story The Third Person)
- The Pupil (1961) ... (short story)
1966 Historias para no dormir (TV Mini-Series) (short story - 1 episode)
- El muñeco (1966) ... (short story)
1965 La redevance du fantôme (TV Movie) (novel) / (story)
1965 The Ambassadors (TV Movie) (novel)
1965 Thursday Theatre (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode)
1964 Briefe eines toten Dichters (TV Movie) (play: 'The Aspern Papers')
TV de Vanguarda (TV Series) (story - 1 episode, 1963) (novel - 1 episode, 1953)
- O Armário (1963) ... (story)
- A Herdeira (1953) ... (novel)
1962 BBC Sunday-Night Play (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode)
- The Aspern Papers (1962) ... (novel)
1962 Playdate (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode)
1962 Les bostoniennes (TV Movie) (novel)
1962 Die sündigen Engel (TV Movie) (story "The Turn of the Screw")
1962 Arvtagerskan (TV Movie) (novel "Washington Square")
1961 The Innocents (based on the story "The Turn of the Screw")
1961 The Heiress (TV Movie) (novel "Washington Square")
1956-1960 Camera Three (TV Series) (story - 2 episodes)
- The Real Thing (1960) ... (story)
- Daisy Miller (1956) ... (story)
1959 The Turn of the Screw (TV Movie) (based on the story by)
1959 Startime (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode)
- The Turn of the Screw (1959) ... (novel)
1959 Berkeley Square (TV Movie) (story: The Sense of the Past - uncredited)
1959 Playhouse 90 (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode)
1958 L'ereditiera (TV Movie) (novel)
1958 BBC Sunday-Night Theatre (TV Series) (novel "Washington Square" - 1 episode)
1958 Die Erbin (TV Movie) (novel: Washington Square)
Matinee Theatre (TV Series) (novel - 5 episodes, 1955 - 1958) (story - 3 episodes, 1956 - 1957) (book "Turn of the Screw" - 1 episode, 1957)
- Washington Square (1958) ... (novel)
- The Third Person (1958) ... (novel)
- The Europeans (1958) ... (novel)
- The Tone of Time (1957) ... (novel)
- The Others (1957) ... (book "Turn of the Screw") / (story)
1958 Folio (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode)
1957 Armchair Theatre (TV Series) (novel "Washington Square" - 1 episode)
ITV Television Playhouse (TV Series) (short story 'The Pupil' - 1 episode, 1957) (novel - 1 episode, 1956)
- The Magpies (1957) ... (short story 'The Pupil')
- The American (1956) ... (novel)
1956 Screen Directors Playhouse (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)
- The Bitter Waters (1956) ... (story)
1956 ITV Play of the Week (TV Series) (novel "The Turn of the Screw" - 1 episode)
- The Innocents (1956) ... (novel "The Turn of the Screw")
Encounter (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode, 1956) (novel "The Aspern Papers" - 1 episode, 1955)
- Garden in the Sea (1955) ... (novel "The Aspern Papers")
1956 Die Tochter (TV Movie) (story)
1955 London Playhouse (TV Series) (novel "The Aspern Papers" - 1 episode)
- A Garden in the Sea (1955) ... (novel "The Aspern Papers")
1955 On Camera (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)
- The Liar (1955) ... (story)
1955 Omnibus (TV Series) (novel - 1 episode)
- The Turn of the Screw (1955) ... (novel - segment "The Turn of the Screw")
1954 Lux Video Theatre (TV Series) (novel "Washington Square" - 1 episode)
1954 The United States Steel Hour (TV Series) (novel "The Aspern Papers" - 1 episode)
1952 Curtain Call (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)
1952 Goodyear Playhouse (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)
- Four Meetings (1952) ... (story)
Studio One in Hollywood (TV Series) (story - 3 episodes, 1949 - 1950) (novel - 2 episodes, 1951 - 1952)
- The Passionate Pilgrim (1950) ... (story)
- The Ambassadors (1950) ... (story)
- Berkeley Square (1949) ... (story)
1951 I'll Never Forget You (story "The Sense of the Past" - uncredited)
1951 The Prudential Family Playhouse (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)
The Philco Television Playhouse (TV Series) (story - 2 episodes, 1950) (novel - 1 episode, 1950)
- The Pupil (1950) ... (story)
- The Marriages (1950) ... (story)
1950 Cameo Theatre (TV Series) (writer - 1 episode)
- A Point of View (1950) ... (writer)
1949 The Heiress (suggested by the novel "Washington Square" by)
1949 Your Show Time (TV Series) (story - 1 episode)
1948 Kraft Theatre (TV Series) (unfinished novel - 1 episode)
- Berkeley Square (1948) ... (unfinished novel)
1948 Berkeley Square (TV Movie) (novel "The Sense of the Past")
1947 The Lost Moment (based on the novel "The Aspern Papers")
1933 Berkeley Square (unfinished novel "The Sense of the Past" - uncredited)
Ruth Goetz, Augustus Goetz, and his play, "The Heiress," was performed at the Richmond Theatre in London, England with Frank Finlay, Nicholas McAuliffe, Anthony Head, and Barbara Murray in the cast. See more »
Publicity Listings:
8 Print Biographies | 4 Articles | See more »
Personal Quote:
Paris is the greatest temple ever built to material joys and the lust of the eyes. See more »
Jacques Rivette, who used Jamess novella 'The Other House' as the basis for the film within a film in Celine and Julie Go Boating (1974), described Jamess work as unfilmable, saying that he was an author whose works could be filmed "diagonally, taking up their themes, but never literally". See more »
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Cohn, Harryr2WPadmin2018-08-22T16:51:54+00:00
Harry Cohn’s official studio portrait, 1936
Harry Cohn: Man, Mogul, and Myth
ArticleImagesReferences
Dick, Bernard F. The Merchant Prince of Poverty Row: Harry Cohn of Columbia Pictures. . Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1993.
Gabler, Neal. An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood. . New York: Anchor, 1988.
Schatz, Thomas. The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era. . 1989. Reprint, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010.
Thomas, Bob. King Cohn: The Life and Times of Hollywood Mogul Harry Cohn. . 1967. Beverly Hills, Calif.: New Millennium Books, 2000.
Zierold, Norman. The Moguls. . New York: Coward-McCann, 1969.
Columbia Pictures records, 1929-1974Collection Number 09355, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming
Hedda Hopper CollectionSpecial Collections, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly Hills, Calif
German-Jewish
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Kurt Vonnegut: A Life
Charles J. Shields
November 2011 Indie Next List
“Shields' authorized portrayal of one of America's most beloved authors sheds light on the man behind the curtain. Readers for the first time gain insight into the progression of Vonnegut's works, from market-minded science fiction to artful literature. With a varied pace, spending just the right amount of time on each subject and detail, Shields effortlessly lays out Vonnegut's history as a story, an entertaining read complete with conversational asides. It is no wonder that Vonnegut himself chose Shields to expose his life to the masses.”
— Nick Hodge, Read Between the Lynes, Inc., Woodstock, IL
A "New York Times" Notable Book for 2011
A "Washington Post" Notable Nonfiction Book for 2011
The first authoritative biography of Kurt Vonnegut Jr., a writer who changed the conversation of American literature.
In 2006, Charles Shields reached out to Kurt Vonnegut in a letter, asking for his endorsement for a planned biography. The first response was no ("A most respectful demurring by me for the excellent writer Charles J. Shields, who offered to be my biographer"). Unwilling to take no for an answer, propelled by a passion for his subject, and already deep into his research, Shields wrote again and this time, to his delight, the answer came back: "O.K." For the next year a year that ended up being Vonnegut's last Shields had access to Vonnegut and his letters.
"And So It Goes" is the culmination of five years of research and writing the first-ever biography of the life of Kurt Vonnegut. Vonnegut resonates with readers of all generations from the baby boomers who grew up with him to high-school and college students who are discovering his work for the first time. Vonnegut's concise collection of personal essays, "Man Without a Country," published in 2006, spent fifteen weeks on the "New York Times" bestseller list and has sold more than 300,000 copies to date. The twenty-first century has seen interest in and scholarship about Vonnegut's works grow even stronger, and this is the first book to examine in full the life of one of the most influential iconoclasts of his time.
Praise For And So It Goes: Kurt Vonnegut: A Life…
"An incisive, gossipy page-turner of a biography." –Janet Maslin, The New York Times
"An engaging, surprising and empathetic page-turner"— Deirdre Donahue, USA Today
"The first truly exacting look into the life of a man who has fascinated so many."—Esquire Magazine
"Engaging and well paced, the book fills in the reality behind Vonnegut’s work"—Christen Aragoni, The American Prospect
"This first authorized biography probes both Vonnegut’s creative struggles and family life, detailing his transition from ‘the bowery of the book world’ to counterculture icon. Shields delivers a vivid recreation of Vonnegut’s ghastly WWII experiences as a POW during the Dresden firebombing that became the basis for Slaughterhouse-Five. . . . Tragedies and triumphs are contrasted throughout, along with an adroit literary analysis that highlights obscure or overlooked influences on Vonnegut. . . . With access to more than 1,500 letters, Shields conducted hundreds of interviews to produce this engrossing, definitive biography."—PW, Starred Review
"This book fills a much-needed gap, since very little seems to be known about the late Kurt Vonnegut, despite his immense popularity over almost five decades. Shields did a thorough job, interviewing Vonnegut and his friends and family, and examining many letters. Vonnegut was one of the most influential authors of the late twentieth century, and this biography is essential reading."—Anis Shivani, Huffington Post
"Provide[s] a definitive and disturbing account of the late author, whose ambition and talent transformed him from an obscure science fiction writer to a countercultural icon."—Steve Almond, The Boston Globe
"[A] thorough and excellent new biography." – Tim Gebhart, The Seattle Post-Intelligencer
"The richest portrait of Vonnegut to date."—Craig Fehrman, Indianapolis Monthly
"[A] balanced, well-researched study of a flawed yet powerfully imaginative artist."—Ariel Gonzalez, Miami Herald Tribune
"A triumphant biography: scrupulously researched and powerfully written, compassionate, clear-eyed and compelling. Charles J. Shields manages a rare feat: offering a lucid assessment of Kurt Vonnegut's literary life alongside the moving tale of an American original and a misunderstood hero. From his harrowing survival of the Dresden firebombing through forty years of culture clashes and domestic battles, here is the Vonnegut we all thought we knew and the man we never got to see, a writer of searing wit and wisdom, of driving ambition, and perhaps most of all, of aching loneliness."—Jess Walker, author of The Financial Lives of the Poets and Citizen Vince
"Vonnegut's life was a fascinating tragicomedy worthy of his best novels, and I can hardly imagine a better teller of that tale than Shields. A superbly researched and above all very entertaining biography."—Blake Bailey, author of Cheever: A Life
"And So It Goes will entrance lovers of Kurt Vonnegut's fiction. With the blessing of Vonnegut himself and help from scores of Vonnegut's friends, relations, and acquaintances, Charles J. Shields gives us a distinguished, fearless, page-turner of a biography.—Carol Sklenicka, author of Raymond Carver: A Writer’s Life
"Vonnegut once said that he kept losing and regaining his equilibrium, and Shields dexterously captures the ups and downs of Vonnegut’s life and work in this definitive biography."—Henry L. Carrigan, Bookpage
Henry Holt & Company, 9780805086935, 513pp.
Charles J. Shields is the author of "And So It Goes: Kurt Vonnegut: A Life," "Mockingbird: A Portrait of Harper Lee," the highly acclaimed, bestselling biography of Harper Lee, and "I Am Scout: The Biography of Harper Lee" (Henry Holt Books for Young Readers). He grew up in the Midwest and taught in a rural school in central Illinois for several years. He has been a reporter for public radio, a journalist, and the author of nonfiction books for young people. He and his wife live near Charlottesville, Virginia.
Not Currently Available for Direct Purchase
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Judith Browne Dianis, Contributor
Co-Director, Advancement Project
Why North Carolina Is the New Selma
03/10/2015 05:01 pm ET Updated May 10, 2015
50 years ago, 600 marchers stared down a line of state troopers armed with billy clubs and tear gas as they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Ala.
En route to Montgomery, the marchers gathered for the trek to the capitol in protest of segregationist tactics that denied African Americans the right to vote. The line of armed officers created an impermeable barrier and, after charging the crowd, left more than 50 people battered, bruised and in need of hospitalization. Televised and witnessed by the nation, the violence was eternalized as a cornerstone in civil rights history. Bloody Sunday made Selma the voting rights battleground of 1965.
President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law later that year.
Today, voting rights are being targeted with more subversive mechanisms. Nowhere is this seen more clearly than in North Carolina. 50 years after the historic march on Selma, North Carolina is the new epicenter of the fight to preserve democracy.
Weeks after the Supreme Court gutted essential protections of the Voting Rights Act in 2013, North Carolina lawmakers presented the nation's most restrictive voter suppression legislation. Rushed through the legislature, the bill was riddled with every contemporary trick in the book to block pathways to the ballot box, especially for voters of color.
Among its provisions were cuts to early voting, the elimination of same-day registration, a ban on out-of-precinct provisional ballots, the end of a successful pre-registration program for 16- and 17-year-olds and a strict photo ID requirement. In a blatant attempt by politicians to manipulate the system for partisan gain, the legislature knew these changes would adversely impact voters of color. It's a practice all too reminiscent of the Jim Crow tactics used in Selma.
When voters of color were blocked from the ballot box by literacy tests, poll taxes and registration restrictions 50 years ago, people united in Selma to fight back. Today people are similarly taking a stand across North Carolina, where a powerful grassroots movement is flourishing. The Forward Together Moral Movement, convened by the North Carolina State Conference of the NAACP, had already been mobilizing its members across the state since 2007, working together to advance a progressive, multi-issue public policy agenda that encompassed the state's civil rights, faith-based, labor, student, LGBT and immigrant justice communities.
In 2013, when the legislature passed its monster voter suppression bill -- one piece of a drastic agenda that also included slashing public education funding, eliminating emergency unemployment benefits and rejecting federal dollars to expand Medicaid -- this broad coalition was prepared to resist.
Hundreds of thousands of North Carolinians -- black, white, Latino, Asian and Native American; Democrat, Republican and independent; people of faith and nonbelievers; gay and straight; students, parents and retirees -- have united in the long tradition of nonviolent direct action to hold lawmakers accountable to governing for the good of the people.
In 2013, more than 900 of them were arrested and jailed for engaging in civil disobedience during weekly "Moral Monday" protests, convening inside the statehouse to give testimony on the violations of their rights.
In 2014, an estimated 80,000 people flocked to Raleigh to march against the state's attacks on justice and democracy, marking the biggest demonstration in a southern state since the Selma to Montgomery marches. This summer, the movement will march forward once again, this time to the courts, when the North Carolina NAACP's lawsuit against the state's discriminatory voting law goes to trial. The result will determine whether countless North Carolinians are granted equal access to the ballot box and an equal voice in their government's future policymaking.
Just as the marchers from Selma to Montgomery applied pivotal pressure on Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act in 1965, the people most impacted by North Carolina's voter suppression law are fighting to make sure their voices are heard -- simultaneously in the legislature, the courts and the streets.
This year, the voting rights battle in North Carolina will mark a new milestone in the modern-day struggle to ensure that America's elections are free, fair and accessible for all. On this 50-year anniversary of Bloody Sunday, the fight for a more just democracy rages on.
This piece originally appeared on MSNBC.com on March 5, 2015.
Politics Voting Rights Voting Rights Act Selma North Carolina
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Festival areas
Visit Estonia/Visit Tallinn
AIRTO MOREIRA & FLORA PURIM WITH NETO BAND (Brazil)
vocal, percussion
Monday 12. October 2020 18:00
Vaba LavaDisplay the addressTelliskivi Loomelinnak, Telliskivi 60a, C1 http://vabalava.ee/ 44.- / 34.- / 29.-
From 10.09 49.- / 39.- / 34.-
Tickets already bought for April 26 will stay valid for the new date
Share the event
For admirers of Latin American rhythms and tropical jazz, the names of Flora Purim and Airto Moreira do not need to be introduced anymore, and it is more gratifying to hear legendary top names playing music together on stage for the first time in Estonia. Filled with fresh and classical tunes, the program opens up a colorful palette of fusion-jazz, offering air and space for free improvisation. In Tallinn, hits from the new Six Moreira will be released, as well as unpublished rarities featuring songs from Flora Purim’s upcoming album “Flora Brasileira”. The star couple is supported by a bass band led by bassist Thiago Espirito Santo.
Flora Purim’s extraordinary 6-octave vocal range has brought her many Grammy nominations and, in the early ’60s, her creative career has brought her into contact with true jazz legends – Gil Evans, Stan Getz, Chick Corea, Dizzy Gillespie, George Duke, Santana and more. As a Brazilian emigrant, Purim found a new home in New York in 1967, where his talent flourished in the burgeoning and soon-to-be-thrilled electric jazz scene. The notable works of the innovative movement, Chick Corea’s “Return to Forever” and “Light as a Feather,” have also become classics due to their memorable contributions as a singer. Over the decades, Purim has kept his sound in constant renewal, with his versatile talent harnessing 90s acid-jazz, triphop and broken-beat originals. With her husband Airto Moreira, Flora has recorded over 30 albums and is back on stage with her fresh album after a 14 year break.
One of the founding members of the fusion jazz band Weather Report, Airto Moreira, whose early rhythmic talent, Miles Davis’ jazz tunes has been recorded on “Bitches Brew” and Chick Corea’s “Return to Forever” and “Light as a Feather”. Moreira has played with Cannonball Adderley, John McLaughlin, Keith Jarretti, Al Di Meola, George Duke, Quincy Jones and Herbie Hancock, and his flame is still showing no signs of slowing down. He has also held a number one position on the charts of JazzTimes, Modern Drummer and Drum Magazine more than 20 times.
Since 1974, when Airto Moreira and Flora Purim formed their first line-up with Fingers, the creative couple has regularly recorded and released music that listeners have been able to enjoy during their worldwide tours.
Airto Moreira
Jose Neto
Celso Alberti
Discounts and age restrictions
Ticket sales at concert venues
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Jazzkaar App
Photos of Jazzkaar festivals
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Home Arts & EntertainmentFine ArtPainters & Illustrators
Franco Corelli
Autographed Original Drawing
http://www.jgautographs.com/product/details/autographed-original-drawing/franco-corelli/1141147
Franco Corelli (April 8, 1921 – October 29, 2003), Italian tenor who had a major international opera career between 1951 and 1976. Original, vintage, pen and ink, "on-the-spot" illustration by George 'Georges' Krishizki. The hand drawn illustration has been signed by Corelli and additionally signed, dated and titled by Krishizki: "Georges / 1972 / Franco Corelli as Radames in Aida / Metropolitan Opera / New York."
Associated in particular with the spinto and dramatic tenor roles of the Italian repertory, Corelli was celebrated universally for his powerhouse voice, electrifying top notes, clear timbre, a very elegant and passionate singing and remarkable performances. Dubbed the "Prince of tenors," Corelli possessed handsome features and a charismatic stage presence which endeared him to audiences. He had a long and fruitful partnership with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City between 1961 and 1975. He also appeared on the stages of most of the major opera houses in Europe and with opera companies throughout North America.
George 'Georges' Krishizki (March 22, 1924 – December 20, 2001), Russian-Polish-American illustrator who came to the U.S. in 1949. While he earned acclaim for his renderings of the city’s architectural landmarks, it was his on-the-spot drawings of musicians in performance that attracted an especially appreciative audience. In a 1973 article published in conjunction with two simultaneous exhibitions, Georges explained the genesis of his long-running engagement with the concert hall: “I’ve always enjoyed going to concerts, and one day I decided it would be fun to combine my interests in music and art and make sketches of musicians during performances.” Indeed, the most remarkable feature of Georges’ oeuvre, apart from the astounding range of performers who gladly expressed their approval and appreciation by signing, is the skill with which the drawings are accomplished.
This original pen and ink illustration, measuring approximately 9 x 12, on heavy-weight sketch paper, is in fine condition with some light overall toning. Its verso is blank and clean.
View All Franco Corelli
Vintage Original Drawing
American Grammy Award winning writer known for his cartoons, songs, and children's books.
Autographed Document
Andrew Lloyd Webber (Peter Warrack)
Vintage Photograph
Previously unpublished, original vintage candid photograph from the Peter Warrack Archive
Mike Giant
Original Illustration w/ Vintage Wanted Poster
Leonard Bernstein (Peter Warrack)
Previously unpublished, original vintage photograph from the Peter Warrack Archive
Placido Domingo (Peter Warrack)
Shirley Bassey (Peter Warrack)
Vintage 8x10 Photograph
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"Listed"
William Henry Gore received his early art training in the Lambeth School of Art, from which he entered the Royal Academy schools in 1880. In 1882 his work was first exhibited in the Academy, and for nearly twenty years after that his pictures appeared regularly on its walls, though of late years he has exhibited but occasionally. In all he has shown some thirty pictures there, and many of these have achieved popularity as prints. "'Listed" is a popular painting in the best sense of that term - popular in its direct appeal to the heart as well as to the brain, popular in its simple composition and rich colouring.
Mr. Gore received his early art training in the Lambeth School of Art, from which he entered the Royal Academy schools in 1880. In 1882 his work was first exhibited in the Academy, and for nearly twenty years after that his pictures appeared regularly on its walls, though of late years he has exhibited but occasionally. In all he has shown some thirty pictures there, and many of these (including "Forgive us our Trespasses" and "The End of the Tale") have achieved popularity as prints. "Listed" was exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1885, and was painted in the low-lying meadows of the Kennet Valley, just below Newbury, the artist's native place. The subject tells its own story, though perhaps it is not quite so evident to-day as when it was first shown, as the custom, then prevalent, of wearing ribbons in the cap on enlistment, has fallen into disuse, "For a soldier I 'listed, to grow great in fame. And be shot at for sixpence a day." The man, brave in his trappings of glory, is parting from the woman, whose thought, doubtless, is of the danger of his calling. So well is the pathos of the idea expressed that, soon after it was painted, the late Stacy Marks, R.A., who was a member of the Council of the Royal Academy, confessed that the picture affected him to tears. To have earned such a tribute from a distinguished critic who was himself a painter, is an achievement of which few artists can boast, and of which any painter, however popular, might well be proud. From the book "Famous Paintings" printed in 1913.
Created by oynot Published 23 September 2020
Image copyright: William Henry Gore (1857-1942)
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oynot 27 September 2020
More than welcome mariolyn :-)
mariolyn 26 September 2020
You did well finding this treasure and sharing it with us. Thank you very much.
Thank you Sufidancer, porgy and Isaly for your thoughts on this William Henry Gore painting :-)
Isaly 23 September 2020
Brilliant painting. I love this. TFP
porgy 23 September 2020
A very moving painting oynot, thank you!
Sufidancer 23 September 2020
Beautiful work--and the history is fascinating. Thank you!
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Robert F. Rinehart
ORSA President, 1953
Robert Rinehart was the second President of ORSA. A pioneer in military operations research, Dr. Rinehart received the Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian award, from the Army. During World War II, he worked in undersea warfare operations research with the Navy’s Operations Research Group in Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, and Hawaii. The Navy awarded him the Medal for Merit, the Navy Ordnance Development Award, and the Asiatic Pacific Campaign Ribbon.
Dr. Rinehart began his career as head of the Mathematics and Engineering Drawing Department at Ashland College, Ashland, Ohio (1934-1937). From 1937 to 1965, he taught mathematics at Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland, but took several leaves of absence to work on other projects. From 1948 to 1950, he served as executive secretary of the Research and Development Board for the Department of Defense in Washington.
In 1958, Dr. Rinehart accepted a two-year appointment as director of special research and operations research for Duke University. From 1962 to 1964, he was director of defense analyses in Washington, after which he returned to Case Institute to resume teaching mathematics. He published about 25 papers in mathematics and operations research. He also served as a translator for the Russian Translations Project of the American Mathematical Society, as a reviewer for mathematical reviews, and as contributing editor covering Eastern Europe for International Abstracts in Operations Research.
In addition to working with ORSA, Dr. Rinehart served as the president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He received an honorary doctorate in science from Wittenberg College in 1960, and was listed in Who’s Who in America. During his retirement, Dr. Rinehart continued to be a Russian translator for several professional scientific organizations.
Prof. Rinehart died in 1985.
B.A. 1930 (mathematics), Witttenberg College; M.S. and Ph.D. (mathematics), Ohio State University; PhD (Science) (hon.) 1960, Wittenberg College.
This is the official INFORMS Presidential Portrait Gallery maintained by INFORMS Committee on History and Traditions. The Presidential Portrait Gallery is named in honor of Hugh J. Miser (1917-1999) and Carl M. Harris (1940-2000), former presidents of the Operations Research Society of America and The Institute for Management Science, respectively, the forerunners to INFORMS.
Abraham Charnes
Abraham Charnes was the seventh President of TIMS. He had a profound influence on scientific progress in arenas as diverse as the mathematics of operations research, optimization, statistics, fluid dynamics, as well as on functional areas of business including accounting, finance, human-resource planning, and marketing. Dr. Charnes was awarded the 1982 von Neumann Theory Prize of ORSA and TIMS (together with Cooper and Duffin). In September 1977, in an event held to honor his 60th birthday, he received the U.S. Navy Medal for Public Service, the Navy’s highest civilian award. His contributions were recognized in many other ways. He was a fellow of AAAS, and the Econometrics Society.
Thomas E. Caywood
Thomas Caywood was the 18th President of ORSA. During World War II he worked at the Harvard System Research Laboratory on the Navy’s Combat Information Centers. After receiving his PhD, he joined the Institute for Air Weapons Research at the University of Chicago and later the Armour Research Foundation of IIT where he was Supervisor of Operations Research. For DOD he was a member of the Defense Science Board and chairman of the Advisory Panel on Ordinance. In 1953 he co-founded Caywood-Shiller Associates and served as Managing Partner. This firm, where he spent the next 25 years, was one of the first independent OR research firms consulting for both industry and the military. He was a consultant to the National Science Foundation, the US Navy’s Operations Evaluation Group, and the National Bureau of Standards. After retirement he taught Operations Research as Professorial Lecturer at the University Of Chicago Graduate School Of Business and spent 15 winter quarters teaching at California State University-Hayward.
John B. Lathrop
John (Jack) Lathrop was the seventh President of ORSA and a founding member. He served as its Secretary prior to becoming President. He played a key role in writing the constitution and by-laws of ORSA. Jack Lathrop’s career follows the finest OR traditions of hands-on analysis, trail-blazing applications, research, and teaching. He started his professional career as a life insurance actuary, but became an OR analyst with the Navy’s Operations Evaluation Group (OEG) in 1943, during World War II.
Bernard O. Koopman
Bernard O. Koopman was the 6th President of ORSA and a founding member of the Society. He was a featured speaker at the society's initial meeting in 1952. He was awarded the Kimball Medal in 1980 in recognition of his dedicated service to the OR profession. His special interest in military OR earned him the 1979 Wander Award of the Military Operations Research Society.
The George E. Kimball Medal is awarded for recognition of distinguished service to the Institute and to the profession of operations research and the management sciences. The award is a medallion and a certificate.
2020 Submission Deadline: May 15, 2020
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€250 million in sales despite the pandemic
Messe Frankfurt still managed to hold more than 150 events worldwide in 2020 and the company generated Group sales of approximately €250 million.
| Frankfurt, Germany
Clothing/Footwear, Industrial
The coronavirus pandemic has affected the entire trade fair sector at a fundamental level and brought it to a virtual standstill. Thanks to its extensive global presence and longstanding digital expertise, however, Messe Frankfurt still managed to hold more than 150 events worldwide in 2020 and the company generated Group sales of approximately €250 million. In spite of its liquidity-oriented business management, the group says it is continuing to invest in the future viability of its business model.
Mayor Peter Feldmann, Chairman of the Messe Frankfurt Supervisory Board, was full of praise for the company’s Executive Board: “In these extremely difficult times, combining business interests with responsibility for customers shows a high degree of responsibility and solidarity towards sectors, industry and trade.” He sees Messe Frankfurt as an important part of the fabric of the city, setting an example for the many other companies in which the City of Frankfurt holds a stake: “Over the past decades, the Group has performed very well, has distributed a respectable share of profits to our shareholders, and has established itself as a diverse employer and a global player in the international trade fair sector.”
After ten years of continual growth and an all-time high in financial year 2019, Messe Frankfurt has been forced to hit the emergency brakes due to the coronavirus pandemic. On presenting the Group’s preliminary figures for 2020, Wolfgang Marzin, President and Chief Executive Officer of Messe Frankfurt, said: “Ongoing travel restrictions with constant modifications by the individual governments have brought the trade fair business – which has proved its worth for decades on end – to a virtual standstill.”
This meant that, in the reporting year, it was only possible to hold around a third of all events around the globe compared with financial years before the outbreak of the coronavirus. Nonetheless, the company succeeded in generating Group sales of approximately €250 million.
Marzin commented: “We have a stable equity base and, thanks to our financial strength in recent years, have been able to secure additional funds on the capital markets, thus allowing us to safeguard liquidity. Our shareholders have pledged their full support. With a rigorous cost-saving plan, we aim to overcome this crisis using our own resources as far as possible.”
Messe Frankfurt says it has a medium-term bridging strategy that can be adapted to each individual situation. As before, the company is eager to avoid redundancies. A new works agreement has been signed with employee representatives, based on a socially responsible reduction of personnel costs with a view to safeguarding jobs. Wolfgang Marzin emphasised: “For their part, our employees are foregoing variable remuneration components until 2022.” The company will no longer advertise positions externally and will continue to make use of the government’s short-time work programme.
Even in the current situation, Messe Frankfurt is benefiting from its strong brands and its diversification, it says. Events can be held in Germany, throughout Europe and throughout the world. Here, having a strong network of 30 subsidiaries and over 50 sales partners is a key competitive advantage. A total of 153 events took place under the Messe Frankfurt umbrella in spite of very difficult conditions – these included 52 trade fairs and exhibitions with more than 33,100 exhibiting companies and around 1.3 million visitors.
International business in China recovered impressively, with enormous exhibitor and visitor counts at Messe Frankfurt events there, in many cases on a par with pre-coronavirus years, the company explains. Detlef Braun, Member of the Executive Board of Messe Frankfurt, explained: “People need face-to-face interaction and want to meet up in person – that is hardwired in our DNA.”
In order to provide its customers with globally networked platforms for their business, particularly in these difficult times, the company put together new communication packages, focusing primarily on business matchmaking, lead generation and reach optimisation.
“In this way, we are building on our longstanding digital expertise and, of course, are able to meet our customers’ new information needs,” Braun said.
The way for digital supplementary formats was being paved even before the coronavirus pandemic with the digital order platform Nextrade. The B2B marketplace for Ambiente and Tendence’s home and living sector has been supplementing the consumer goods fairs as a 24/7/365 order platform since 2019. Over 200 suppliers from 30 countries and more than 300,000 products now come together here with more than 3,000 buyers from some 80 different nations. For the very first time, the B2B marketplace is now also being opened for Heimtextil, Creativeworld and Christmasworld companies.
Due to the continued pandemic restrictions, Messe Frankfurt will be postponing the flagship events scheduled to take place at its Frankfurt base in the first quarter of 2021 until April and May. Braun commented: “With the new schedules and the extended digital character of the physical events, we can offer our customers attractive business opportunities, thereby allowing them to give their business the push they urgently need.”
Developments in the guest event business at the company’s Frankfurt base are encouraging. Uwe Behm, Member of the Executive Board of Messe Frankfurt, explains: “Even though there is no end in sight yet, the high number of requests for the coming financial year and beyond show that event organisers are optimistic when it comes to planning the future with real platforms for interaction.”
Messe Frankfurt says its exhibition grounds already have everything that is needed to allow visitors and exhibitors to attend trade fairs safely, complying with all relevant safety and hygiene standards. Uwe Behm emphasised: “This means that we use control mechanisms that go well beyond measures being implemented in the public sector.” A whole host of new guest events are scheduled to come to Frankfurt in 2021, including Veggie World, White Label Expo, Chemspec and, a textile industry highlight, Frankfurt Fashion Week. International spine convention Eurospine will be held in the Congress Center and the new Hall 5 in 2023.
As of mid-December, the exhibition grounds will play host to one of 30 COVID-19 vaccination centres in Hesse for four months or so. Around 4,000 people are to be vaccinated every day. Two Messe Frankfurt subsidiaries – in-house trade fair stand constructors Fairconstruction and Accente Gastronomie Service GmbH – are involved in constructing and operating this centre. Other services will be commissioned and coordinated by Messe Frankfurt as well.
Construction project Hall 5 is well on schedule, with all work progressing according to plan and completion scheduled for the end of 2022. “The new Hall 5 is a cross-generational investment in the quality of our exhibition grounds and an important component for planning future events here at our Frankfurt base,” Uwe Behm continued. Given the current circumstances, the possibility of extending the construction time for the building was examined. However, owing to the long-term contracts involved, suspending the construction work is not a financially viable alternative at present.
Even in a crisis, Messe Frankfurt, says it remains committed to its basic strategic orientation. In spite of its liquidity-oriented business management, the company is continuing to invest in the future viability of its business model. There are currently more than 20 new events in the Group’s portfolio up to and including 2022. Wolfgang Marzin commented: “It will take some time before the underlying conditions in our sector are stable enough to allow us to enjoy continual growth again.” Given the developments in the second half of 2020, it is not expected at present that pre-coronavirus levels will be reached until 2024 at the earliest.
Events will also change in the wake of the coronavirus crisis. Wolfgang Marzin added: “In any case, we will be focusing on key aspects and increasing quality at our events. However, personal interaction will always be the bedrock of our business model. In the future, we will remain committed to being the first choice when it comes to facilitating face-to-face business.”
Messe Frankfurt Website
ITMA Live: Interview with Dr Ingo Mählmann Oerlikon Nonwoven
Turin plant to make filtration media for 500 million surgical face masks in 2020
SGL reports increase in earnings for 2016
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In Honor of #TonyTuesday, Meet InStyle’s (Shirtless) Man of Style for September: Tony Goldwyn
By InStyle Staff
Updated Aug 20, 2013 @ 1:00 pm
Tony Goldwyn has spent the better part of his three-decade career playing the bad guy. His first high-profile role, the murderous yuppie in 1990's Ghost, is a typical example of the actor's oeuvre. So he's understandably amused by his recent mid-career upgrade to romantic lead, courtesy of ABC's much-loved political drama Scandal, now back for Season 3. "I've had women chase me in airports," he says, laughing. "It's not like the Beatles. They're not screaming. A lot of times they'll just say, 'Hi, Mr. President!'" Clearly, his frequently smoldering portrayal of Fitzgerald Grant III—the devilishly handsome, if conflicted, commander in chief who's engaged in an on-again/off-again affair with his former communications director, Olivia Pope (played by Kerry Washington)—has won him plenty of new fans. Read an excerpt of the exclusive interview below, and for more, turn to page 272 of the September issue, now available on newsstands, or download it for your tablet.
I've got a friend who works in the Department of Justice, and she says that your show is very popular over there. We actually have a lot of fans in Washington. It's fun to see all these really smart and interesting people who are obsessed with Scandal. Valerie Jarrett, one of the president's senior advisers, has told me that she loves it, and so did the head of the National Economic Council. I'm like, "But you guys do this for real!"
It's an addictive show—I was surprised to read that your wife doesn't watch it. Is that because she can't stand your love scenes? No, though I once made a joke about that, and it ended up everywhere. My wife is very supportive. If I direct a movie, she'll watch that, and she did see the Scandal pilot. But she just doesn't watch a lot of television. My daughters, who are college-age, love it, though.
You've been married a long time ... Twenty-six years. We've been together since we met at the Williamstown Theatre Festival, which was my very first acting job, when I was 21.
That's really impressive. Especially, it seems, for Hollywood. It's true. People look at me like I'm a freak. They're like, "What's wrong? Are you OK?"
Click for some steamy Tony Goldwyn pictures (plus, outtakes and behind-the-scenes shots), and three things you might not have known about him.
MORE:#MakingSeptember: Behind the IssueHow to Get Cover Girl Drew Barrymore's Glam Dark LipBehind-the-Scenes: At Jason Sudeikis' Photo Shoot— Lauren Waterman
Tony Has an Acting Family History
Credit: Phil Poynter
He's Hollywood royalty: His grandfather is legendary film producer Samuel Goldwyn, who was responsible for such classics as Wuthering Heights (1939) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946).
His Killer First Role
He had a killer movie debut: In his role as doomed camper Darren, in 1986's Friday the 13th, Part VI: Jason Lives, the actor came to a grisly end (impaled by a spike...).
He Doubles as a Director
He's directed some of your fave TV shows: Grey's Anatomy, Dexter and Justified, just to name a few.
Behind-the-Scenes:
Goldwyn hopped in the driver's seat of a red truck for the shoot, which took place on a 200-year-old Connecticut estate.
Behind-the-Scenes: Chopping Wood
Too many great things happening in this shot: Tony Goldwyn and Tony Goldwyn chopping wood. After splitting wood for an-on-site fire, the actor soaked in a galvanized tin tub for some steamy photos.
Behind-the-Scenes: The Smolder Shot
All in a day's work: Goldwyn smoldering into the camera.
1 of 6 Tony Has an Acting Family History
2 of 6 His Killer First Role
3 of 6 He Doubles as a Director
4 of 6 Behind-the-Scenes:
5 of 6 Behind-the-Scenes: Chopping Wood
6 of 6 Behind-the-Scenes: The Smolder Shot
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Di Grassi writes history on the streets of Zürich
In the first ever Zürich ePrix, Lucas di Grassi took the win with a magnificent drive, after a race in which decisive penalties dramatically changed the course of events.
Earlier on, Mitch Evans had grabbed his and Jaguar Racing’s first ever Formula E Pole Position. The Kiwi had a strong start of the race once the red lights went out, as he kept a significant distance to André Lotterer who was always on the chase.
Sébastien Buemi dropped some positions at the start of the race, which allowed di Grassi to move up into the battle for the win.
An eventful start of the race saw a crash between Piquet Jr. and Abt, which caused both drivers to take their cars to the pits to be repaired. The debris was not removed from the track immediately after, which raised some eyebrows.
Di Grassi had demolishing pace, and made a brilliant overtake against André Lotterer’s TECHEETAH after a tough battle. It did not take long for the Audi driver to overtake Evans, whose gap to Lotterer and di Grassi had considerably shortened at that stage of the race.
Further back in the field, Jean-Éric Vergne was making up a large number of positions, quickly entering the Top 10. The Frenchman managed to both save energy and overtake as many cars as possible, a masterclass of his abilities behind the wheel of the Formula E car.
However, the dream of positioning himself in the Top 3 was ruined, as he ran over debris from Felix Rosenqvist’s car after the Swede made contact with the barriers during a wheel to wheel battle with Vergne on the previous lap.
A rather slow pitstop then saw Vergne’s dreams of a memorable win being further tarnished; despite this, the Frenchman still managed to climb up to P3 after the car swaps before he was given a drive through penalty for overspeeding under Full Course Yellow – adding insult to injury for the championship leader.
This same penalty was also given to Buemi, Lotterer, López, and Evans, who were having good races as well. Bad luck also struck Edoardo Mortara, who had a mechanical issue and had to retire from the race. Nico Prost crashed into the barriers towards the end of the race, also retiring from the ePrix.
Prost had made a good start and remained in the Top 10 for most of the race, before his incident. Another driver who had a good start was Oliver Turvey, who started from the bottom of the grid, but was able to take home 2 points, as he went on to finish in P9.
D’Ambrosio, who had started in P4, but had dropped during the race, was able to fight back and found himself in P3 after all the penalties, the position in which he finished the race. The Belgian scored Dragon Racing’s first podium since Season 2.
The American squad had a strong weekend; and despite missing the double-points finish, as López went wide and crashed into the barriers, the performance overall was probably the best one they have shown all season.
Sam Bird had also dropped down the order at some points of the race, but the strength he showed when he defended his second place justified why the Brit is still going strong in the title fight.
As the chequered flag was waved, Lucas di Grassi conquered his first win of the season; a very valuable one, as Audi scored back-to-back victories. The Brazilian finds himself on top form again, triumphing after a difficult season to date.
His teammate Abt did not have the same luck as in Berlin, finishing in P13. His crash with Piquet Jr. hampered his performance during the race. Piquet Jr. himself retired from the race.
Luca Filippi also retired, whereas his teammate Turvey had a great drive on Swiss soil, finishing in P9. Alex Lynn did not have a clean weekend, finishing in P16.
For Mahindra Racing, the Zürich ePrix was a race of mixed feelings. Felix Rosenqvist’s crash ruined his chances of obtaining a good result; but on the other side of the garage, Zürich-inhabitant Nick Heidfeld had an outstanding performance, finishing in P6.
Antonio Felix da Costa took home points as well, finishing in P8, one position behind Mitch Evans, whose early strong lead of the race was ruined by the Drive Through penalty.
Vergne’s hopes for already being crowned champion with two races to go were ruined; as he finished in P10, after the incidents that affected his final result in the race. His teammate André Lotterer could not score another podium finish, but went on to set the Fastest Lap with a time of 1:14.730 – immensely valuable points for TECHEETAH’s championship run.
For Venturi, things were not easy. In addition to Mortara’s retirement from the race, Maro Engel just missed the points, by finishing in P11. Over at Renault, some points were taken home, as local man Sébastien Buemi finished in P6.
Now a month separates us from the fourth season finale of the fully-electric championship. The fight is still going on, and Formula E never fails to provide us with exciting races and high drama – so it is still difficult to predict who will take the Season 4 crown. It will be known next month in New York City.
1 Lucas DI GRASSI 39 laps
2 Sam BIRD 7.542
3 Jérôme D'AMBROSIO 16.822
4 André LOTTERER 20.295
5 Sébastien BUEMI 26.692
6 Nick HEIDFELD 28.059
7 Mitch EVANS 30.631
8 Antonio Felix DA COSTA 31.301
9 Oliver TURVEY 32.180
10 Jean-Eric VERGNE 32.833
11 Maro ENGEL 34.604
12 José Maria LOPEZ 35.206
13 Daniel ABT 46.222
14 Stéphane SARRAZIN 1:09.505
15 Felix ROSENQVIST 1 Lap
16 Alex LYNN 1 Lap
NC Nicolas PROST 8 laps
NC Luca FILIPPI 19 laps
NC Nelson PIQUET 19 laps
NC Edoardo MORTARA 33 laps
2018 Zürich ePrix Audi Sport ABT Schaeffler Lucas di Grassi
Prost parts ways with Renault ahead of S5
Evans claims maiden pole position as Vergne struggles
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Home / Group Psychotherapy
Groups in Transactional Analysis, Object Relations, and Family Systems: Studying Ourselves in Collective Life
Author(s) : N. Michel Landaiche III
Published : July 2020
RRP : £29.99
Groups are arguably an essential and unavoidable part of our human lives-whether we are part of families, work teams, therapy groups, organizational systems, social clubs, or larger communities. In Groups in Transactional Analysis, Object Relations, and Family Systems: Studying Ourselves in Collective Life, N. Michel Landaiche, III addresses the intense feelings and unexamined beliefs that exist in relation to groups, and explores how to enhance learning, development and growth within them.
Landaiche's multidisciplinary perspective is grounded in the traditions of Eric Berne's transactional analysis, Wilfred Bion's group-as-a-whole model, and Murray Bowen's family systems theory. The book presents a practice of studying ourselves in collective life that utilizes a naturalistic method of observation, analysis of experiential data, and hypothesis formation, all of which are subject to further revision as we gather more data from our lived experiences. Drawing from his extensive professional experience of group work in a range of contexts, Landaiche deftly explores topics including group culture, social pain, learning and language, and presents key principles which enhance and facilitate learning in groups.
With a style that is both deeply personal and theoretically grounded in a diverse range of studies, Groups in Transactional Analysis, Object Relations, and Family Systems presents a contemporary assessment of how we operate collectively, and how modern life has changed our outlook. It will be essential reading for transactional analysts in practice and in training, as well as other professionals working with groups. It will also be of value to academics and students of psychology, psychotherapy, and group dynamics, and anyone seeking to understand their role within a group.
'Mick Landaiche has done us all a great service in bringing together his excellent writing on living and learning through groups. For those not familiar with his work, Mick brings his understated style to exploring his longstanding experience of working with groups. Opening with a cautionary hesitation about being in group processes, Landaiche expertly navigates the complexity of group life that, in its unfolding, demonstrates that neither he, nor us as readers, can be anything other than immersed in the business of being together. Transactional analysis had its early history rooted in group work, which whilst innovative in its time, has at times, been overlooked as the central arena in which our practice and training takes place. In this much needed title, Landaiche resets the dial, reminding us of the enduring complexity and promise of what it is to be with others.' - Giles Barrow, MA, MEd, PGCE, TSTA-Education, author and co-editor of Educational Transactional Analysis.
'Perhaps the best treatise on the nature of collective life that I have ever read. Landaiche brilliantly integrates object relations and other psychoanalytic theories of the mind with Transactional Analysis, family systems theory and the author's own unique perspectives honed over the course of a lifetime in and out of the treatment room. Indeed, it is the interweaving of personal and theoretical that makes this work unique and compelling, providing the reader with both an overview and deeply sophisticated understanding of the complex nature of groups. This book will be of great value to anyone with an interest in how we learn, lead and function in groups-psychotherapy, classroom, societal and the gamut.' - Steven Kuchuck, DSW, President of IARPP, the International Association for Relational Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy; editor of the Gradiva Award-winning Clinical Implications of the Psychoanalyst's Life Experience: When the Personal Becomes Professional
'Michel Landaiche draws up the work of the "three B's"-Berne, Bion, and Bowen-to offer an understanding of group cultures, group process, and the experience of learning in groups. Written in a voice both clear and humble, this book addresses the somatic, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of group life and work. While the content is rich and stimulating, I found the ways in which Landaiche involves himself deeply and honestly into his own learning in and about groups, an exceptional demonstration of compassion and respect for the other. I hope this book will be translated into French, so that I will be able to recommend it to my students and clients.' - Isabelle Crespelle, psychologist; psychotherapist; Teaching and Supervising Transactional Analyst-Psychotherapy; co-founder of the French School of TA; and co-founder and former VP of the French Federation for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy.
N. Michel Landaiche, III, Ph.D., has practiced for 30 years as a psychotherapist and group facilitator. He also provides training and supervision for counselors, therapists, and organizational consultants in his hometown, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, and in Europe.
The Oedipus Complex: Solutions or Resolutions?
Rhona M. Fear
Echoism: The Silenced Response to Narcissism
Donna Savery
Claude Steiner, Emotional Activist: The Life and Work of Claude Michel Steiner
Keith Tudor
The Truth about Trauma and Dissociation: Everything You Didn't Want to Know and...
Valerie Sinason
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Climbing the Matterhorn, 150 years after the first female attempt
On 12 September 1867, the then 18-year old Felicite Carrel made the first female attempt to climb the Matterhorn, along with Caesar Carrel, J.J. and J.P. Maquignaz, and her father Jean-Antoine Carrel, the famous Italian mountain guide. Jean-Antoine had made climbs with Edward Whymper and was his rival when he attempted to climb the Matterhorn for the first time in July 1865. The party made the fourth attempt at the mountain (third from the Italian side). Leaving Breuil at 5am, they reached the shoulder of the final peak at 7am, and arrived at the base of the last precipice within 100 metres of the summit. Only J.J. and J.P. Maquignaz ascended; it is said that Felicite’s skirts ballooned in the strong wind and it therefore became too dangerous for her to go on. The point is named Col Felicite in her honour.
The Golden Age of Alpinism in the 19th century (1854-1865) saw a number of first ascents of peaks in the Alps, and was dominated by British male alpinists and their Swiss and French guides. Mountain activities were generally considered dangerous and only for the most brave and hardy! Women of the time, on the other hand, were seen as belonging to the domestic sphere and had to struggle against social repression. Women’s rights were extremely limited without the right to vote, sue or own property.
A few early ascents by women date back to 1808 with Marie Paradis’ ascent of Mont Blanc. However a number of pioneering women mountaineers and climbers emerged during the Golden Age (such as Lucy Walker, Annie Smith Peck, Fanny Bullock Workman, Meta Brevoort, Elizabeth Le Blond, and Mary Mummery). There were various motivations for 19th-century women to climb: the desire for independence, a commitment to women’s rights (some even taking “Votes for Women “ banners on their expeditions), as well as personal fulfillment. Their ventures into the mountains broke down the walls of “ladylike behaviour” at the time and were often met with resistance from their male counterparts. Lord Curzon, the President of the Royal Geographical Society stated that “Their sex and training render them equally unfitted for exploration”, although he later presided over the decision to admit women as fellows to the RGS in 1913.
There was an expected etiquette for women in the Victorian era, especially with regard to dress of voluminous heavy skirts and corsets, which lasted all the way to the summit for modesty and made movement difficult. The American Annie Smith Peck’s decision to wear bloomers instead of a skirt as a more practical outfit for her climbs in the late 1890s was considered a serious scandal and prompted public debate on what women should be able to do.
The British Lucy Walker became the first female to summit the Matterhorn in July 1871, just six years after Edward Whymper and his team’s first ascent. She wore a long flannel skirt as was appropriate for a Victorian lady. Four days later, Punch magazine even dedicated a poem to her:
No glacier can baffle, no precipice balk her,
No peak rise above her, however sublime,
Give three times three cheers for intrepid Miss Walker,
I say, my boys, doesn’t she know how to climb!
Almost exactly 150 years to the day that Felicite made that first attempt on the Matterhorn, I would be attempting to summit the infamous mountain myself. Two years ago I had turned around just a few hundred metres from the summit (click here for the blog) and can appreciate how frustrated and disappointed Felicite must have felt. I was determined to reach the top this time around.
This time my climbing partner was my boyfriend David. After flying out from London, we spent the first weekend of August in Chamonix, where the finishers of the Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc, a 170km ultra marathon through France, Italy and Switzerland with 10,000m of ascent, were still coming in. The atmosphere in the town was amazing, with crowds of supporters lining the final stretch in town. Inspired by the race, we went for a short trail run around Chamonix, which ended up being along part of the route and cheered on the participants as we passed them by (whilst also struggling to run uphill!).
On Sunday evening we met our guide, Julien, from Chamonix Experience. The next morning we set off around 7.30am for our first day of training together – taking the Flegere and Index chairlifts and then a short (30min) approach to the foot of the first pitch of the classic South Ridge route of the Chapelle de la Gliere. The climb is part of the Aiguille Rouges chain, which gets its name from the red colour of the rock. We covered 13 pitches of interesting crack and face climbing up to French grade 5b (around a UK VS), following a long ridge line over a number of towers, including the legendary “razior pitch” with a committing and exposed traverse across a slab! Afterwards we abseiled 15m down the north face of the “Chapelle” rock tower then scrambled back down to the Index chairlift. Although we enjoyed the day and had no problems we had done the climb in our rock climbing shoes and were well aware that climbing in our big mountaineering boots and crampons would add an extra layer of technical difficulty. This was going to be tested in our next session…
The next day we headed out early again but this time we drove through the Mont Blanc tunnel to Italy and caught the first Aiguille du Midi gondola up, dropping off some gear at the Torino hut en route where we would be staying that evening. Putting on our crampons, we crossed the glacier then ventured up a gully consisting of exposed mixed climbing, which took a couple of hours before finally reaching the foot of the Southwest face of the Dent du Geant (AD+ / 4C) or “Giant’s tooth”. Here we left our crampons and axes, to pick up later.
The first two pitches were up a gully with good holds. I struggled at first to trust my boots to grip the rock, but soon realised I could climb (almost) as well as in my rock shoes! We then reached some slabby pitches for around 75m which although steep were aided with thick fixed ropes, which I avoided pulling myself up with but were great for balance. After another couple of sustained pitches, we reached the South summit of the Dent du Geant, known as Pointe Sella at 4009m with stunning views. From this point we descended a short chimney then traversed an exposed ridge for about 25m to the higher North summit, Pointe Graham, at 4013m. All the way up we had been joined by a team from the Austrian army who were undertaking an alpine training course (the belays had been very cosy at times!), and it was great to share the summit with them and celebrate. We abseiled down the North face – 3 x 60m long rappels - and walked for about an hour through the snow back to the Torino hut.
We reached the hut just in time for dinner! We stayed in the Torino hut for the night, luckily getting a dorm to ourselves although the hard bunk beds and altitude (3375m) meant I got little sleep at night. We were considering doing another route the next morning but given how tired we were and that, due to the weather conditions, our summit attempt was being moved forward a day, we elected to head back to Chamonix for a rest day.
The next day we set off for Zermatt! We met our second guide for this next stage, Tibo, and departed around 11am in Julien’s car. The drive was picturesque along winding roads and through mountain villages. We reached Zermatt late afternoon, and after dropping off our luggage at a hotel in town, got the gondola up to Schwarzsee then started the climb up to the Hornli hut at 3260m. It was only a couple of hours along a marked trail until we were at the hut at the foot of the North-Eastern ridge of the Matterhorn, which towered majestically above the building. It was a clear evening and we could see the climbing route leading from here via the Hörnligrat ridge up to the summit as well as magnificent views of the Monta Rosa mountain range. By this point we were feeling a mix of excitement and apprehension about what lay ahead! The guides went for a group meeting (which we later found out consisted of cheese and white wine, and being told firmly by the Swiss guides that on all accounts they would be leaving first!). We got a good meal of soup, chicken, and rice then turned in for the night around 9pm in our dorm (with three bunk beds full of climbers) ready for an early start.
We awoke around 4am for breakfast at 4.30am in the large dining room, packed with around 60 climbers and their guides buzzing with anticipation for the day ahead. After breakfast, the doors of the hut opened at 5am and we set off in the dark, following the dancing lights of head torches ahead of us. Julien and David were on one rope, with Tibo and I just behind them. The only sounds were our breathing and the crunch of the snow under our boots. We soon reached a bottleneck as a queue of climbers waited at the first pitch, and didn’t get moving for a good 20 minutes or so. Fortunately it wasn’t a cold morning but I was eager to get going.
The route is rated AD but elevation gain is 1200m from the hut to the summit and requires concentration throughout with the very exposed climbing and, in some places, loose rock or ice. The pace was sustained but David and I moved quickly over the rock with the guides on the ropes ahead. When the sun came up we found the route finding a little easier and after a couple of hours we reached the tiny Solvay hut, situated about halfway up the ridge. From the balcony of the Solvay we could see the glacier below, an almost vertical drop hundreds of metres away.
The climbing continued to be mixed and by this point we were also wearing crampons, using the front points to get us up the steep snow and rock sections. However we persevered and at the steepest sections, such as the Moseley slabs, used fixed ropes to help aid us. It was a clear day and now and again, when waiting to get on a busy section, I’d stop to take in the breathtaking views of the surrounding peaks. We went over the shoulder and reached a snowy slope, where I took out my walking axe for extra support and kicked my boots into the snow, then walked along the narrow ridgeline leading to the top. Eventually we reached the summit at around 10am Swiss time (about 4.5hours from the start of the climb), along with David and Julien. The mountain actually has two summits, situated at either end of a 100m exposed rocky crest, which forms the Swiss/Italian border. The Swiss summit that we were on has a height of 4478m and the slightly lower Italian summit at 4476m. We spent a few wonderful minutes on the summit, congratulating ourselves, hugging each other, and admiring the view, before turning round to descend.
After carefully down-climbing the snow slopes, we continued to rappel down the Moseley slabs however it was very slow going with many climbers both going up and down the mountain at that time, and all on the same route. We eventually arrived at the Solvay hut where we took a quick food/drink break before continuing downwards. It continued to be slow going with impending tiredness and number of people, and I had to really force myself to maintain concentration, given that one false step could send us down the face of the mountain. At one point we lost the route and I was not best pleased when we had to climb up a steep section again to find it! Finally we reached the Hornli hut around 3pm. After downing some more water and coca-cola we headed to the Schwarzsee. At this point Julien and Tibo told us the last gondola was at 4.30pm so we had to literally trail run back down in order to avoid a very long walk downhill into Zermatt! I was feeling absolutely knackered at this point and felt like my legs might give in at any time! Fortunately we made it with just 5 minutes to spare. Phew. A couple of celebratory beers in the sun with our guides once we got back to town was the perfect end to our trip.
The next day David and I visited the Zermatt graveyard, where a number of mountaineers are buried, and also the museum to learn more about the fateful first ascent. They were a stark reminder that the risks of mountaineering should never be underestimated, with the Matterhorn itself claiming more than 500 lives. It’s also incredible to think that those first climbers at the turn of the last century would have made their ascents with such limited equipment. I imagine the young Felicite Carrel undertaking the expedition 150 years ago in her heavy skirts, nailed boots, and hemp ropes and am incredibly awed by her bravery and endurance. I feel very privileged to have been able to achieve my goal of climbing the Matterhorn - one of the world’s most iconic mountains, however it was pioneering women such as Felicite and Lucy Walker who paved the way for me to do so. It’s thanks to them as well as the support from my guides and David that I was finally able to stand on such an amazing summit and it was certainly a moment I’ll never forget.
Exploring the corners of the world - from sea to summits
A keen traveller, explorer and mountaineer, I've undertaken expeditions to some of the world's toughest and remote environments including rowing across the Atlantic Ocean. Follow me on my next Endeavour!
© 2016 by Kate Hallam
Kate Hallam
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US panel: 1st vaccines to health care workers, nursing homes
By Associated Press | December 1, 2020 at 12:49 PM CST - Updated January 12 at 1:08 PM
NEW YORK (AP) — Health care workers and nursing home residents should be at the front of the line when the first coronavirus vaccine shots become available, an influential government advisory panel said Tuesday.
The panel voted 13-1 to recommend those groups get priority in the first days of any coming vaccination program, when doses are expected to be very limited. The two groups encompass about 24 million people out of a U.S. population of about 330 million.
Later this month, the Food and Drug Administration will consider authorizing emergency use of two vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna. Current estimates project that no more than 20 million doses of each vaccine will be available by the end of 2020. And each product requires two doses. As a result, the shots will be rationed in the early stages.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices will meet again at some point to decide who should be next in line. Among the possibilities: teachers, police, firefighters and workers in other essential fields such as food production and transportation; the elderly; and people with underlying medical conditions.
Tuesday’s action merely designated who should get shots first if a safe and effective vaccine becomes available. The panel did not endorse any particular vaccine. Panel members are waiting to hear FDA’s evaluation and to see more safety and efficacy data before endorsing any particular product.
Experts say the vaccine will probably not become widely available in the U.S. until the spring.
The panel of outside scientific experts, created in 1964, makes recommendations to the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, who almost always approves them. It normally has 15 voting members, but one seat is vacant.
The recommendations are not binding, but for decades they have been widely heeded by doctors, and they have determined the scope and funding of U.S. vaccination programs.
It will be up to state authorities whether to follow the guidance. It will also be left to them to make further, more detailed decisions if necessary — for example, whether to put emergency room doctors and nurses ahead of other health care workers if vaccine supplies are low.
The outbreak in the U.S. has killed nearly 270,000 people and caused more than 13.5 million confirmed infections, with deaths, hospitalizations and cases rocketing in recent weeks.
As the virtual meeting got underway, panel member Dr. Beth Bell of the University of Washington noted that on average, one person is dying of COVID-19 per minute in the U.S. right now, “so I guess we are acting none too soon.”
About 3 million people are living in nursing homes, long-term chronic care hospitals, and other U.S. long-term care facilities. Those patients and the staff members who care for them have accounted for 6% of the nation’s coronavirus cases and a staggering 39% of the deaths, CDC officials say.
Despite the heavy toll, some board members at Tuesday’s meeting said they hesitated to include such patients in the first group getting shots.
Dr. Helen Keipp Talbot, an infectious diseases researcher at Vanderbilt University who was the lone committee member to vote against the proposal, cited flu research that found vaccinating the staff of such facilities has a greatest impact on preventing its spread there.
Dr. Richard Zimmerman, a University of Pittsburgh flu vaccine researcher who watched the meeting online, echoed Talbot’s concerns.
“I think it was premature” to include nursing home residents as priority group, said Zimmerman, a former ACIP member. “Their vote seems to assume that these people will respond well to the vaccine. ... I don’t think we know that.”
Committee members were unanimous in voicing support for vaccinating health care workers — about 21 million people, according to CDC officials.
That broad category includes medical staff who care for — or come in contact with — patients in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics and doctor’s offices. It also includes home health care workers and paramedics. Depending on how state officials apply the panel’s recommendations, it could also encompass janitorial staff, food service employees and medical records clerks.
The government estimates people working in health care account for 12% of U.S. COVID-19 cases but only about 0.5% of deaths. Experts say it’s imperative to keep health care workers on their feet so they can administer the shots and tend to the booming number of infected Americans.
For months, members of the immunization panel had said they wouldn’t take a vote until the FDA approved a vaccine, as is customary. But late last week, the group scheduled an emergency meeting.
The panel’s chairman, Dr. Jose Romero, said the decision stemmed from a realization that the states are facing a Friday deadline to place initial orders for the Pfizer vaccine and determine where they should be delivered. The committee decided to meet now to give state and local officials guidance, he said.
But some panel members and other experts had also grown concerned by comments from Trump administration officials that suggested differing vaccine priorities.
Dr. Deborah Birx of the White House coronavirus task force said in a meeting with CDC officials last month that people 65 and older should go to the head of the line, according to a federal official who was not authorized to discuss the matter and spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity.
Then last week U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar stressed that ultimately governors will decide who in their states gets the shots. Vice President Mike Pence echoed that view.
Asked whether Azar’s comment played a role in the scheduling of the meeting, Romero said; “We don’t live in a bubble. We know what he said. But that wasn’t the primary reason this is being done.”
Jason Schwartz, a professor of health policy at the Yale School of Public Health, said it makes sense for the panel to take the unusual step of getting its recommendation out first.
“Without that formal recommendation, it does create a void from which states could go off in all sorts of different directions,” said Schwartz, who is not on the panel.
HHS officials have said they will distribute initial doses to states based on population, and it’s possible or even likely that some states won’t receive enough to cover all of their health care workers and nursing home residents.
CDC officials said they are optimistic such shortages would last only a few weeks.
Still, governors and local officials may have to decide which health care workers or which regions get shots first, Schwartz said.
“It’s up to states to figure out the more granular detail,” he said.
The Red Cord holding annual human trafficking awareness gala
The pandemic has caused human trafficking to increase and one Lawton organization is about to hold its biggest fundraiser of the year to help combat that problem.
Will Hutchison
Biden’s virus plan: 100 million shots just the start
Called the “American Rescue Plan,” the legislative proposal would meet President-elect Joe Biden's goal of administering 100 million vaccines by the 100th day of his administration, and advance his objective of reopening most schools by the spring.
How Betty White is celebrating her 99th birthday
Andrea Stegman
Published 31m at 3:23 PM
The Latest: Complaint: Ohio rioter threatened YouTube viewer
Official: No ‘direct evidence’ of plot to kill at Capitol
Published 1h at 2:41 PM
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Disney takes full control of Hulu in landmark deal with Comcast
Updated: 3:47 PM CDT May 14, 2019
By Jill Disis
Lars Niki/Getty Images via CNN
Comcast agreed to sell its ownership stake in the streaming video service to Disney. The sale won't happen for at least another five years, but Disney will take full operational control of Hulu right now.
SOURCE: Lars Niki/Getty Images via CNN
The Walt Disney Co. has taken full operational control of Hulu.Disney and Comcast Corp. announced the transaction Tuesday in a news release.Comcast on Tuesday agreed to sell its NBCUniversal ownership stake in the streaming video service to Disney. The sale won't happen for at least another five years, but Disney will take full operational control of Hulu right now.NBCUniversal owns 33% of Hulu.The deal is a sign of how much streaming video has changed in the last few years. Hulu was at one time a joint venture between several media titans: Disney, 21st Century Fox, Comcast's NBCUniversal and Time Warner (now WarnerMedia). None of those companies had majority control.Now Hulu is effectively a Disney product. The company became the majority stakeholder in the streaming video service after it closed a deal for most of Fox's assets in March. Last month, WarnerMedia — now owned by AT&T — agreed to sell its 9.5% interest back to Hulu. (CNN is a division of WarnerMedia.)Under the terms of the deal, Comcast will sell its interest to Disney for Hulu's fair market value no earlier than 2024. Disney has guaranteed that the sale price will reflect a minimum total equity value of $27.5 billion for Hulu at that time, according to a press release."Hulu represents the best of television," Disney CEO Bob Iger said in a statement, adding that the company is now able to "completely integrate" Hulu into its streaming plans in a way that makes the service "even more compelling and a greater value for consumers."Disney has already made clear that Hulu will be a critical part of its streaming strategy. When the company debuted its Disney+ service to investors last month, it also spoke at length about the future of Hulu, which has more adult programming, like "The Handmaid's Tale."Disney executives talked about potentially bundling its services together for a discounted price. They also said they want all of their services, including Hulu, to reach profitability within the next several years."Hulu is the third leg of Disney's streaming strategy," said Trip Miller, a Disney shareholder and managing partner at Gullane Capital Partners. "Six months ago, you had four owners to the business and it was very complicated and confusing — so this brings about a lot of clarity and control of direction for Disney."Right now, Hulu has roughly 27 million paid subscribers on its service. It still lags far beyond chief competitor Netflix, which has nearly 150 million subscribers globally, 60 million of whom are from the United States. Hulu is only available in the United States.But Hulu is beefing up its original content offerings. Earlier this month, the streaming service showed off a slate of upcoming programs, including "The Dropout," a limited series about rise and fall of Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes. It's also working on two new live-action Marvel series, "Ghost Rider" and "Helstrom."Hulu is going to need more programming as it prepares to eventually part ways with NBC content. Right now, Hulu carries a lot of NBC shows, including "Saturday Night Live," "The Voice" and "The Good Place." Comcast has agreed with Hulu to extend the service's license of NBCUniversal content through late 2024.NBCUniversal can end most of its agreements with Hulu in three years. One year from now, NBC will have the right to carry some of the content it licenses to Hulu on its own streaming service, in return for reducing the fees Hulu pays to host that content."As Disney continues to grow their subscriber base, retaining Comcast/NBC Universal content is important," Miller said.It's not a surprise that NBCUniversal would want to reserve some of its content for its own streaming service, which it said earlier this year would launch in 2020.Several of the major media companies are pulling content from other streaming platforms so they can bulk up their own offerings. For example, Disney took a bunch of its shows and movies off of Netflix in preparation for the debut of the streaming service Disney+ later this year.WarnerMedia and Netflix, meanwhile, reached an agreement to keep "Friends" on Netflix this year, but WarnerMedia reserved the right to put that show on its own forthcoming streaming service, if it wants. And AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson reportedly said at a media conference in Boston on Tuesday that the company is going to pull the content it has licensed elsewhere and "bring that back into the fold."CNN Business' Frank Pallotta contributed to this report.Related video:
The Walt Disney Co. has taken full operational control of Hulu.
Disney and Comcast Corp. announced the transaction Tuesday in a news release.
Comcast on Tuesday agreed to sell its NBCUniversal ownership stake in the streaming video service to Disney. The sale won't happen for at least another five years, but Disney will take full operational control of Hulu right now.
NBCUniversal owns 33% of Hulu.
The deal is a sign of how much streaming video has changed in the last few years. Hulu was at one time a joint venture between several media titans: Disney, 21st Century Fox, Comcast's NBCUniversal and Time Warner (now WarnerMedia). None of those companies had majority control.
Now Hulu is effectively a Disney product. The company became the majority stakeholder in the streaming video service after it closed a deal for most of Fox's assets in March. Last month, WarnerMedia — now owned by AT&T — agreed to sell its 9.5% interest back to Hulu. (CNN is a division of WarnerMedia.)
Under the terms of the deal, Comcast will sell its interest to Disney for Hulu's fair market value no earlier than 2024. Disney has guaranteed that the sale price will reflect a minimum total equity value of $27.5 billion for Hulu at that time, according to a press release.
"Hulu represents the best of television," Disney CEO Bob Iger said in a statement, adding that the company is now able to "completely integrate" Hulu into its streaming plans in a way that makes the service "even more compelling and a greater value for consumers."
Disney has already made clear that Hulu will be a critical part of its streaming strategy. When the company debuted its Disney+ service to investors last month, it also spoke at length about the future of Hulu, which has more adult programming, like "The Handmaid's Tale."
Disney executives talked about potentially bundling its services together for a discounted price. They also said they want all of their services, including Hulu, to reach profitability within the next several years.
"Hulu is the third leg of Disney's streaming strategy," said Trip Miller, a Disney shareholder and managing partner at Gullane Capital Partners. "Six months ago, you had four owners to the business and it was very complicated and confusing — so this brings about a lot of clarity and control of direction for Disney."
Right now, Hulu has roughly 27 million paid subscribers on its service. It still lags far beyond chief competitor Netflix, which has nearly 150 million subscribers globally, 60 million of whom are from the United States. Hulu is only available in the United States.
But Hulu is beefing up its original content offerings. Earlier this month, the streaming service showed off a slate of upcoming programs, including "The Dropout," a limited series about rise and fall of Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes. It's also working on two new live-action Marvel series, "Ghost Rider" and "Helstrom."
Hulu is going to need more programming as it prepares to eventually part ways with NBC content. Right now, Hulu carries a lot of NBC shows, including "Saturday Night Live," "The Voice" and "The Good Place." Comcast has agreed with Hulu to extend the service's license of NBCUniversal content through late 2024.
NBCUniversal can end most of its agreements with Hulu in three years. One year from now, NBC will have the right to carry some of the content it licenses to Hulu on its own streaming service, in return for reducing the fees Hulu pays to host that content.
"As Disney continues to grow their subscriber base, retaining Comcast/NBC Universal content is important," Miller said.
It's not a surprise that NBCUniversal would want to reserve some of its content for its own streaming service, which it said earlier this year would launch in 2020.
Several of the major media companies are pulling content from other streaming platforms so they can bulk up their own offerings. For example, Disney took a bunch of its shows and movies off of Netflix in preparation for the debut of the streaming service Disney+ later this year.
WarnerMedia and Netflix, meanwhile, reached an agreement to keep "Friends" on Netflix this year, but WarnerMedia reserved the right to put that show on its own forthcoming streaming service, if it wants. And AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson reportedly said at a media conference in Boston on Tuesday that the company is going to pull the content it has licensed elsewhere and "bring that back into the fold."
CNN Business' Frank Pallotta contributed to this report.
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10/24/12: Sell Weatherford International
By Robert Rapier • October 24, 2012
Weatherford International (NYSE: WFT) has been one of the poorer performers among the oilfield services companies, in part due to the global economic slowdown of recent years and in part because investor confidence was shaken when the company announced that they would need to restate their financial statements for several prior years. Weatherford is a solid company with an admirable diversified portfolio, and it will likely bounce back in the coming years. But after closely examining the company’s financials, we believe better opportunities lie elsewhere at present. Sell Weatherford International.
Charles Holewinski
11/13/12 ‐ 12:53pm ET November 13, 2012 at 12:53pm ET
Hi Elliott,
Please provide us subscribers with some timely information on reasons for selloff of the oil and natural gas trusts such as CHKR, SDR, PER, etc.
Specifically what is the cause of this selloff, where do you see it bottoming, is this a buying opportunity, are the dividends safe, plus any other info you thing is important.
Charlie Holewinski
McGowin Patrick
11/15/12 ‐ 4:25pm ET November 15, 2012 at 4:25pm ET
I have the same questions as Cahrlie regarding the oil trusts
01/10/13 ‐ 10:27pm ET January 10, 2013 at 10:27pm ET
Hi Robert – it is getting pretty disappointing when one tries to get some info either by reading the questions posed by others and then reading your responses, OR, by submitting questions of my own via your “Contact Us” interface. Unfortunately, like the questions above posed by Charles – there is NO ANSWER! I sent in a ques about CCJ some time ago with my email in case you wanted to respond to me directly and I have not received any response nor can I find any info on the site regarding CCJ. Not sure if I will remain a subscriber with this poor response history. What is the purpose of having us ask if you are not going to respond?
01/14/13 ‐ 9:08pm ET January 14, 2013 at 9:08pm ET
Once more, I apologize about the tardy reply. I think we have that situation resolved. My analyst Igor Greenwald took a good look at CCJ over the weekend. I can tell you that in my introductory post when I first came here, I indicated that I am not very bullish on nuclear power in the short term, but think in the longer term it is inevitable. Countries like China and India will conclude that this is the best path forward for them.
Here were Igor’s comments:
“While the price of uranium has rebounded somewhat in recent weeks, it remains down more than a third from the peak hit in 2011 before the Japan tsunami wrecked Fukushima. Cameco shares have also rallied in recent weeks, reclaiming their 200-day moving average, thanks in part to the new Japanese government’s plans to restart the country’s idled nuclear reactors. But the logistics of the pending restart are not certain, while uranium supply remains plentiful while European giants France and Germany continue to review their long-term nuclear plans. In the U.S., cheap natural gas and the relatively low capital costs of gas-fired power plants relative to nuclear reactors are likely to limit new nuclear capacity. Cameco’s 2% yield is a point in its favor, and further gains could be in store if uranium prices continue to rise. But we’d recommend waiting for a pullback below $20 a share before dipping a toe in the water.”
Hope that answers your query.
Thanks, Robert
Ron Fisher
I’ve read that there is a developing supply issue for uranium as Russia winds down as an important source. Does this concern have merit?
It's hard to imagine anyone better suited to covering the energy-investment waterfront than Robert Rapier.
Robert is no armchair analyst—he has two decades of in-the-trenches experience in a wide range of fossil fuel and biofuel technologies, including refining, natural gas production, gas-to-liquids, ethanol production and butanol production.
During a six-year stretch at ConocoPhillips, Robert ran a team of engineers in Scotland working on oil and gas projects in the North Sea.
For two years, Robert was an efficiency expert in a Texas petrochemical plant. The process changes he implemented saved the facility $9 million a year. He later worked as the Engineering Director for a Dutch environmental-technology company and provided engineering support for a Chinese facility the company was constructing.
Robert was also a butanol engineer in Germany for the Celanese Corporation, where he designed a novel butanol unit that cut production costs by $5 million per year.
In all, Robert has spent more than a dozen years working on liquid fuels technologies. Along the way he's picked up five patents, including one for a breakthrough way to convert ethane into ethylene (U.S. Patent 7,074,977).
Now, in addition to guiding readers to timely energy plays in Utility Forecaster, Robert travels the world evaluating startup energy companies for deep-pocketed investors. After grilling management and assessing the technology on-site, he makes a go/no-go investment decision. His wealthy private investors and hedge fund backers trust him to make the right choice for the same reason we do: his vast real-world experience in just about every facet of the energy industry. If Robert votes thumbs-up, millions of dollars flow into these cutting-edge outfits.
Robert earned his master of science in chemical engineering and a bachelor of science in chemistry and mathematics (double major) at Texas A&M University. He tells us he was "this close" to finishing his Ph.D. before he decided he was having a lot more fun making money in energy stocks.
A prolific writer, Robert's articles have appeared in Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post and the Christian Science Monitor -- and he has been a featured expert on 60 Minutes and The History Channel. His new book, Power Plays: Energy Options in the Age of Peak Oil (Apress, 2012), helps investors sort through doom and gloom, hype and misinformation to understand the true costs, benefits and trade-offs for each of our major energy options.
In what little spare time he has left, Robert consults for a number of energy projects, including biodiesel, ethanol, butanol and biomass gasification facilities.
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The famous Fitzgerald clan celebrate 800 years
Calling all Fitzgeralds to celebrate on the banks of the River Blackwater.
Frances Mulraney
@FrancesMulraney
A Hindu/Gothic gate and lodge in Cappoquin, County Waterford, Ireland. Built on the road to Villerstown in the 19th Century to mark the marriage of a popular local landlord and M.P. Liam Hughes/WikiCommons
Thousands are set to descend on Dromana House and Gardens, Cappoquin, Co. Waterford, this summer to celebrate 8 centuries of the Fitzgerald family.
Dromana 800 takes over the house from July 2-5 in a landmark celebration exactly 800 years since King John of England granted all of Co. Waterford and Co. Cork to Thomas Fitz-Anthony.
Fitzgeralds from across the globe, as well as hundreds more with an interest in Irish history and genealogy, will gather on the banks of the River Blackwater in West Waterford to celebrate the ancient family and their role in Irish history.
Since being awarded Cork and Waterford all those years ago, the Fitzgeralds have led an exciting path through Irish history. Even taking a look at Dromana House alone reveals a riveting insight into the sometimes turbulent family history and their influence in Ireland.
One member of the family is said to have been mistress to an English king, they’ve spawned a celebrated Egyptologist and the very entrance to Dromana house entices visitors onto the grounds with a Hindu-Gothic arch built as a wedding present to a young couple in love and returning from their honeymoon.
The family have seen a string of alliances made and broken, battles, sieges, instances of underage marriage (although we’re not sure what that constitutes as all those years ago), and loss of lands.
Times have not always been easy for the family and some of the glory of Dromana House itself was lost as hard times caused some of the original building, including a grand ballroom, to be demolished to save costs in upkeep.
The no-less majestic estate hangs on a cliff overlooking the River Blackwater as it makes its way to the sea in Youghal. The Villiers-Stuarts and their Fitzgerald and Fitz-Anthony ancestors have occupied the estate for an incredible 26th generations.
Barbara Grubb, a member of this 26th generation and main resident at Dromana, calls on all Fitzgeralds or anybody with an interest in their family roots to join them in celebrating the highs and lows of 800 years.
“Dromana 800 is very much a celebration of people and place,” she says.
“There are few families in Ireland today whose history is so well documented. We want the people of Ireland and the Irish abroad to come along and partake in the exciting events that offer a social and cultural mix with something for everyone.
Not only will the celebration bring together as many far-flung members of the clan as possible but Dromana House sets a riveting background to the weekend, sure to interest any with an interest in Irish history.
“For the culturally curious, we want people to come take a tour of the great houses of the area,” Barbara continues. “Learn why so many houses of historical interest came to be built on the banks of the Blackwater and why one hundred and twenty-six remain, when elsewhere their peers were sacked, looted or deserted.”
The celebration offers a promising line-up including Blackwater cruises with Villierstown Boating Club, a lecture on “The Beauties of the Blackwater” - the phenomenal houses that line the river’s course, a historical walking tour of Youghal, and an exhibition of Villiers Stewart’s Egypt at Waterford County Museum.
Saturday night will also see a concert with internationally renowned performer, Rebecca Storm and the weekend will finish up in Villierstown on Sunday with a Georgian Fete. to celebrate the village’s foundation. The founder, John Villiers will make a personal appearance.
For more information, visit www.dromana800.com.
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U.S. Transportation Secretary announces $1 billion infrastructure boost
By Alana Austin
Published: Sep. 16, 2020 at 3:21 PM CDT
WASHINGTON (Gray DC) -- Wednesday, the U.S. Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao announced a $1 billion infrastructure boost to communities across America.
There are 70 projects in 44 states, and half of these federal dollars will target rural areas. The funds are expected to go toward roads, bridges, transit, rail, ports, and other types of transportation projects.
“The Department of Transportation is constantly investing, reinvesting, repairing, and rebuilding the transportation infrastructure in this country, in partnership with state and local governments as well," said Chao.
Chao says this latest round of federal dollars focused on the needs of rural America due to these neighborhoods being historically underserved.
“We wanted to make sure that rural America was not overlooked, that it was not neglected, because once again, rural America forms an essential part of the transportation infrastructure of our country,” said Chao.
Although the Trump administration and House Democrats have been unable to strike a deal on approving a major comprehensive, bipartisan Congressional infrastructure package, Chao says there has been recent progress made on this critical issue.
“This latest $1 billion in BUILD grants came on top of about $36 billion that the president signed on March 27th in COVID assistance transportation infrastructure projects, so $36 billion dollars was given out basically in March, and we’ve since given out a number of another billion-dollar grant investment programs as well. So this administration remains very, very focused on transportation infrastructure, and we also want to address the long-neglected, overlooked needs of rural America as well," said Chao.
Chao says the funds will be distributed immediately and that partners at the state and local levels will begin putting these grant funds to use in the immediate future.
State lawmakers propose bills banning hair discrimination in schools
GOP Texas Sens. John Cornyn and Ted Cruz plan to attend Biden’s inauguration
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Sant' Antonio
Tivoli, near Rome, Italy
A former monastery in one of Europe’s most inspiring landscapes, just outside Rome. The house was built over a Roman villa, believed to have belonged to the poet Horace. Each room has a shuttered window opening onto the valley below, a famous waterwall and Tivoli itself.
Please click here to view this page in Italian
‘The loveliest view in the world’: a place to fall in love with
The steep and terraced gardens, where olive and orange trees grow, overlook Tivoli’s famous cascade and lead to... a moment of discovery it would be unfair to spoil for you in advance. Frederick Searle bought the old monastery of Sant’Antonio near Tivoli in 1878, when he fell in love with it as a place from which to paint the great waterfall on the other side of the ravine. A visit today is equally enchanting. The little church at the top is dedicated to the Sant’Antonio of Padua and the simple rooms of the house look onto what has been described as the ‘loveliest view in the world’. Hints of a distant past appear in cells with mosaic floors, and in the kitchen, where on the inner wall is some ‘opus reticulatum’, a sign of Romans at work.
Roman origins, gently repaired
It is thrilling to open the old door in the house wall after passing through an arcaded loggia and down to the level of the fruitful, scented and beautiful terraced garden. The walls of a Roman villa, from about 60 BC and believed to have belonged to the poet Horace, survive up to the middle floor of the present house, itself begun in about 850 AD. Franciscan monks have lived here, and Popes. The final additions were made ‘as late’ as the 17th century. It was abandoned around 1870 and rescued by the Searles, who spent many years gently repairing it.
Sant’Antonio has descended to their great-great-grandson. Knowing of our involvement with Keats’ House in Rome, he asked us for help. With the greatest of pleasure, we are letting his house for him. As if Sant’Antonio itself were not enough, at Tivoli you can visit the Villa d’Este, with its incomparable fountains, and Hadrian’s Villa, the inspiration for so many British garden buildings. Lazio, with its hills and lakes, its castles, gardens and wines, its relics of Rome and Etrusca, is one of the most beautiful and least-known regions of Italy. And then of course there is the city of Rome, a short drive or train ride away.
‘A room with a view is all very well – but a bathroom with a view: bliss.’
The panoramic views from the hills surrounding Rome are fabulously uplifting and energising. The vastness of the Eternal City spread below, perhaps a flash of sea on the horizon, conveys an incredible sense of power and spirituality. No wonder the landscape is dotted with so many temples, shrines, monasteries, castles and villas.
Just at the top of the ‘Valle Gaudente’, Sant’Antonio could not be more blessed. Within a few minutes’ drive, one can stroll around the most important Italian garden of the Renaissance at Villa d’Este, or one can explore the most important surviving Roman villa in the world, Villa Adriana. You will find the Romantic gardens of Villa Gregoriana, with its grottos, ruins and falls, at the feet of Tivoli’s acropolis.
You can follow a pilgrim’s route while enjoying the mountainous landscape. Not far from Sant’Antonio rises the Neoclassical shrine of Quintiliolo, dedicated to a XIII century icon of the Virgin and the Child. Pay a visit to Subiaco’s Benedictine monasteries of Santa Scolastica and San Benedetto to admire, among other things, the only full-length portrait of S. Francis painted during his lifetime. In the Subiaco area, enclosed in the mountains between Lazio and Abruzzo, the shrine of Santissima Trinità in the medieval hamlet of Vallepietra, with its Byzantine-inspired effigy of the Holy Trinity and its catacombs, attracts many visitors.
Spend a day or two exploring the picturesque little towns perched on the hilltops of the Aniene Valley. Arsoli, for instance, is renowned for its medieval Castello Massimo, Anticoli Corrado for its modern art museum in the Palazzo Baronale. Mandela, Roviano, Vicovaro and Sambuci boast their own fascinating castles, fortresses and churches. In the summer months these towns offer a full programme of events: food fairs, traditional music and games, usually after a saint’s day procession. In July, for instance, don’t miss the Palio Madama Margherita d’Austria (tournament among the town’s ancient neighbourhoods) held at Castel Madama, where you can experience life as it was during the Renaissance.
For a relaxing spa day, try Terme di Tivoli, a famous resort with mineral spring waters, or alternatively, Acqua Piper Guidonia, a water park for adults and kids.
Places to visit nearby
Villa Gregoriana
Tivoli Gardens
Via a short driveway from the main road.
Although Tivoli railway station is served by regular trains from Rome, public transport between Tivoli and Sant'Antonio is very limited. If you plan to do much travelling around it is advisable to hire a car.
Yes – there are four parking spaces by the entrance.
There is gas central heating and an open fire.
Fuel for the fire can be purchased from the housekeeper..
There is also a gas cooker, microwave and a dishwasher.
There are four bathrooms, two with free-standing shower units and two with baths. There is an additional wc.
The internal stairs are not particularly difficult.
There is an enclosed garden.
A medieval monastery on the site of a Roman villa
A medieval monastery grafted onto a Roman villa of the time of Caesar Augustus or before, rescued from abandon in 1879 by an Englishman newly returned to Europe from the West Indies. Add to these the well-founded belief that a frequent guest at this villa, if not one of its earliest owners, was the poet Horace; that across the ravine thunders the water of the Anio, with the temples of Vesta and the Sibyl poised above it; that all of these are on the outskirts of Tivoli, the Roman Tibur; and you are approaching something very near the heart of the civilisation that has moulded Europe for two millennia.
It is fitting that the revival of this place should have fallen to an Englishmen, because those two names, Horace and Tivoli, have a particular resonance for his countrymen. From the Middle Ages, English boys learned their reading and writing by means of Horace’s Odes and Satires, along with the works of his contemporary Virgil and other writers of the Augustan Age. Only in the late 20th century has academic education ceased to be built on these cornerstones.
Generations of Englishmen, therefore, absorbed not only Horace’s good sense and poetry but also his geography in their earliest years. Not all left it thankfully behind with their schooldays. For many, the name of Tivoli conjured up associations like that of Holywood for a cinema-fed generation. This became all the more so from the 17th century, when Englishmen first began to visit Italy in large numbers, and to carry its influence home in the most direct manner, in their paintings and their buildings and their gardens. The dramatic landscape of Tivoli appealed strongly to painters, notably the great French creators of an ideal Classical world, Claude Lorrain and Gaspard Dughet. Their English imitators, such as Richard Wilson, followed them there. Those who could not paint, such as the writer Joseph Addison, sought the places from which the best paintings might be composed, and then murmured to themselves of “Tivoli’s delightful shades, and Anio rolling in cascades”.
Frederick Searle was seeking a place to sketch the waterfall when he first saw Sant’Antonio and was told that this was “la casa di Orazio”. Not only did he make it his own home, but he encouraged scholars and archaeologists to share his discoveries. This role was carried on by his daughter Georgina, and her husband George Hallam, and then by her great-niece, Lucy d'Ailhaud Brisis. In this generation it has been Count Roger de Brisis who has taken on the care of Sant’Antonio and, with Landmark’s help, has made it possible for you to stay here.
To read the full history album for Sant'Antonio please click here.
Only minor repairs needed
The structure of Sant’Antonio has been maintained in a satisfactory state since Frederick Searle died a century ago, and modernised successively since 1945, so works in anticipation of its use by the Landmark Trust have been limited to minor repairs to the fabric and rooms, and small improvements in the kitchen and the bathrooms, all carried out by Italian artisans.
The joinery of the ancient windows needed more attention, and the Landmark Trust’s architect John Bucknall set up a programme for minimum repairs which were carried out by Landmark’s craftsmen. The harmful effects of the road on the church are a constant worry and its long-term health has still to be assured.
It could be said that Sant’Antonio was already fairly close to the Landmark ideal before 1995, so the arrangement of the rooms has proceeded with a light touch. Both the Landmark Trust and the owners have a meticulous approach to furnishing, so interventions have been limited to beds, lighting and so forth, again using a combination of local and English skills.
The care of the garden remains in the hands of the owners.
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Saudi women’s rights activist al-Hathloul given prison sentence | Human Rights News
Loujain al-Hathloul sentenced to five years and eight months in prison by a Saudi court.
A Saudi terrorism court has sentenced prominent women’s rights activist Loujain al-Hathloul to five years and eight months in prison, local media reported, despite international criticism of her detention and pressure to release her.
State-linked Saudi news outlet Sabq reported on Monday that al-Hathloul had been found guilty by the court on charges including agitating for change, pursuing a foreign agenda and using the internet to harm public order.
The court suspended two years and 10 months of her sentence.
She has 30 days to appeal the verdict.
Al-Hathloul, 31, has been in custody since 2018 after being arrested along with at least a dozen other women’s rights activists.
Good morning#FreeLoujain pic.twitter.com/WwJvespIbE
— Lina Alhathloul لينا الهذلول (@LinaAlhathloul) December 28, 2020
Al-Hathloul’s case, and her imprisonment for the past two and a half years, have drawn criticism from rights groups, members of the US Congress and European Union lawmakers.
According to rights group ALQST, court documents in al-Hahtloul’s trial are rife with “gross judicial flaws”, including evidence from the prosecution where she is said to have confessed to actions related to her human-rights activism.
“The more information that comes to light from Loujain al-Hathloul’s trial, the more apparent it becomes how deeply flawed the whole process is,” said ALQST’s Executive Director Alaa Al-Siddiq.
“From the charge sheet and entire evidence relating simply to her peaceful activism, to the deplorable use of the terrorism court and Counter-Terrorism Law, the Saudi authorities are making a mockery of justice, and the international community must call this out.”
Rights organisations have documented the torture and sexual violence al-Hathloul has been subjected to since her arrest.
According to her family members, some of the torture sessions have been in the presence of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s close aide Saud al-Qahtani.
According to the Sabq outlet, the judge said the verdict was issued in the presence of the prosecutor, the defendant, a representative from the government’s Human Rights Commission and a handful of select local media representatives.
Al-Hathloul was among a handful of Saudi women who openly called for the right to drive before it was granted in 2018 and for the removal of male guardianship laws that had long stifled women’s freedom of movement and ability to travel.
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Lu Lu Lukas Podolski!
Lukas Podolski Happy To Move To Japan “Many Colleagues Envy Me”
November 3, 2018 index
Lukas Podolski has been playing in Japan Vissel Kobe since July 2017. The former German representative is satisfied with the development of his career, and he himself admits that many of his colleagues are jealous of what he has achieved. During his career, Lukas Podolski played in Inter Milan, Arsenal, Galatasaray Istanbul and Vissel Kobe. Although the Japanese league is not a popular destination for successful players, the former German representative is satisfied with the decisions made. In Japan, I feel at home. – It is clean and safe here, the food is great and people respect each other – said, Podolski.
In an interview given to a footballer born in Gliwice, he told about the reactions of his teammates from Germany. – Many of my teammates are already jealous of me. Some say I did everything right. When I will stop playing football someday, I can say that I have played in many countries, met many people and met many cities – Podolski added. Although his club is not fighting for the Japanese championship and had to fight for maintenance, Podolski is satisfied with the move. Vissel Kobe has had a weaker period and has scored one point in the last seven games. The team’s stars are Andres Iniesta.
There are no duels in Japan like in Europe. The pace is slower. I also notice that my body at the age of 33 is not as fast as it used to be – said Podolski, who scored five goals this season for his team and scored six assists. His contract with the Kobe team is valid until the end of 2019. Podolski does not have any plans for the future yet. A few years ago, he promised that at the end of his career he would want to play in Gornik Zabrze. – I am already six or seven years abroad. I miss my family, everyday life, meetings with friends, home. I’m getting older and I’m learning to appreciate it – said the German footballer.
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Innate Immunity — Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), Inflammasome, Complement System
Last update May 27, 2020
(Votes: 32, average: 4.66)
https://www.lecturio.com/magazine/innate-immunity/
The Immune Response
PRR: Pattern Recognition Receptors
Innate Immune Signaling Overview
Acute Phase Inflammatory Response
Complement System
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Image : “Macrophage” by Obli. License: CC BY-SA 2.0
The innate immune system
Immune responses are classified into innate and adaptive immunity. The innate immune system is non-specific to infectious agents and consists of mechanisms and molecules which have a rapid response to infection. The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.
Whenever there is a potential microbial or viral infection, innate immunity acts as the first line of defense. These defense mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and the immune system cells also attack foreign cells in the body. Innate immunity is inherent to an individual and does not have any memory to respond to the infection. Earlier exposure to any particular antigen does not alter the response. Since it is not stimulated by any specific antigens, innate immunity is generally nonspecific and in contrast to acquired immunity.
Innate immunity examples:
Cough reflex
Enzymes in tears and skin oils
Mucus, which traps bacteria and small particles
Stomach acid
Innate immunity is made up of anatomical barriers, such as physical, chemical and biological barriers in the form of specialized cells and soluble molecules. The epithelial surfaces form a physical barrier that is impermeable to most infectious agents, acting as the first line of defense against invading organisms. Desquamation (shedding) of skin epithelium also helps remove bacteria and other infectious agents that have adhered to the epithelial surfaces. Lack of blood vessels and the inability of the epidermis to retain moisture, the presence of sebaceous glands in the dermis provides an environment unsuitable for the survival of microbes.
In the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, movement due to peristalsis or cilia, respectively, helps remove infectious agents. Also, mucus traps infectious agents. The gut flora can prevent the colonization of pathogenic bacteria by secreting toxic substances or by competing with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients or attachment to cell surfaces. The flushing action of tears and saliva helps prevent infection of the eyes and mouth.
These barriers collectively eliminate or identify the potential threat i.e. the microbial or viral infection and consequently, the innate immune system cells and the complement system are activated for effective elimination of invading pathogens and its products. The invasion caused activation of the innate immune system and the result is inflammation.
Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection or irritation.
Inflammation is stimulated by chemical factors released by injured cells and serves to establish a physical barrier against the spread of infection and to promote healing of any damaged tissue following the clearance of pathogens.
The process of acute inflammation is initiated by cells already present in all tissues. The main effector cells, which include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, histiocytes, Kupffer cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, rapidly move to the site of infection or tissue damage and cause resolution of infection and tissue repair. However, the innate immune system does not confer long-lasting protection against repeated invasions by the same agent.
Events occurring during the innate response
Recognition of a threat — infection, toxins, tissue damage
Activation of innate immune cells and the complement system
Production of cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins and defenses
Upregulation of cell adhesion molecules
Recruitment of cells to the site of infection or tissue damage
Elimination of the stimulus
Resolution of the response
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired/specific immune system. as the words dictate, and unlike the innate immune system, it is a specialized system made up of cells and their secretions that are made to kill/ inactivate pathogens. Adaptive immunity is broadly classified as:
Antibody-mediated immunity that largely comprises of B cells that once presented with an antigen/ activated by t regulatory cells then, they mount an immune response by release of antibodies that bind to the antigen to destroy them via the antigen-antibody reaction pathway.
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) which entails: a. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are capable of engulfing and killing the antigens; b.Th Type 1 cells that cannot destroy antigens but activate other cells of the immune system to do so; c.Th Type 2 cells that form part of the memory cells.
The adaptive immune system is thus capable of keeping the memory of the inciting event and thus can mount an enhanced response when challenged with a similar antigen in the future a feature known as immunity. Immunity can be broadly classified into:
Active immunity where the body makes antibodies to a specific antigen. It can either be natural such as immunity developed after acquiring disease say measles or acquired such as vaccination where administration of inactivated/dead antigens triggers antibody release for a future response without necessarily causing disease status.
Passive immunity where antibodies are transferred to the body without a trigger antigen. Antibodies may be acquired naturally such as in mother to child transfer of antibodies or artificially administered to prevent disease once antigens are within the body such as in anti-venom antibodies administration during treatment of poisonous bites.
PRRs are receptors of the innate immune system that are on a lookout for pathogenic infections and are specialized in the recognition of pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. PRRs are protein molecules encoded in the human genome that cannot be changed throughout the lifespan of any individual and are mainly present on important immune cells like macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, epithelial cells, and dendritic cells.
PAMPs are pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide, bacterial or viral DNA or RNA, mannose, bacterial peptides, peptidoglycans and lipoteichoic acids and many others. PAMPs are involved in the damage of antigens from microbial disease processes.
DAMP stands for damage-associated molecular patterns. Examples are uric acid and extracellular ATP, among many other compounds. They are involved in the damage of toxic products of the body’s functional processes.
Both PAMPs and DAMPs are highly conserved motifs.
PAMPs leads to cytokine and chemokine production in response to a pathogenic infection. Through an assortment of proteins and by recognition of PAMPs, PRRs can activate inflammation, clotting and complement pathways, opsonization and apoptosis.
There are many receptor families (PAMPs), and diverse receptors in every family strengthen the innate immune response and decrease chances of pathogen evasion. These receptors are capable of bringing about a synchronized reaction to pathogenic infections due to extensive communication among different signaling pathways.
Note: Recognition is structurally-specific but what is recognized is common to whole groups of organisms or host cells.
On the other hand, in case of certain autoimmune diseases, trauma, acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and cancer, sterile inflammation is induced by the release of DAMPs. These are endogenous molecules which are released following tissue injury or tissue stress.
PRR are divided into 3 categories: cellular (e.g. CD14, MARCO), intracellular (e.g. NODs, PKR) and soluble forms (e.g. C-reactive protein, mannan-binding lectin). Cellular receptors are able to respond to all bacteria having common components in their cell walls but are not protein-specific to any micro-organism.
Trans-membrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) reside on the cell surface, while NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RNA-LRs) are cytoplasmic proteins that regulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses. AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) detect foreign DNA.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antiviral molecules are expressed as a result of triggering the intracellular signal transduction cascades due to the recognition of ligands by PRRs.
A rigid regulation of PRR signaling is necessary for elimination of pathogens and simultaneous prevention of excessive PRR activation as it can cause autoimmune and inflammatory disorders to develop.
PRRs which recognize PAMPs
PRR PAMP
Endosomal
TLR3 (toll-like receptor 3) Viral double-stranded RNA
TLR7 and TLR8 VIral single-stranded RNA
TLR9 Bacterial unmethylated CpG DNA
Cytosolic
NOD-1 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-1) and NOD-2 Bacterial peptidoglycan
RIG-1 (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1) Viral double-stranded RNA
NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) (inflammasome) Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Cell surface
TLR2 Bacterial lipopeptides and lipoproteins
TLR4 Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
TLR5 Bacterial flagellin
Mannose-binding lectin Mannose
Ficolin N-acetylglucosamine
RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts) Advanced glycation endproducts
RAGE, TLR2, TLR4 HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1)
Cytosolic inflammasome
NLRP3 Uric acid
The activation and signaling PRR system is a multifactorial, intricate process resulting in comparable outcomes. Due to activation of PRR, proteins undergo conformational changes and intracellular signaling pathways are activated leading to amplification of signals and initiation of an innate immune response. Signaling complex assembly is dependent on the specific adapter proteins which further engage various signaling components. Activation of PAMPs by PRRs takes place.
Endogenous ligand molecules like ATP and heat shock proteins are known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). PRRs use of specific adaptors and different adaptor proteins results in the activation of different signaling pathways. e.g: family transcription factors NFκB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) and IRF (interferon regulatory factor) upregulation; mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) i.e. stress kinase pathways stimulation; and caspase-1 activation.
Eventually, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and anti-viral proteins are upregulated.
The inflammasome is basically a multiprotein, high molecular weight complex which leads to activation of inflammatory caspases and cytokines of the interleukin-1 family. Inflammasomes act as immune guardians of the cytosol, which in turn act as a watch guard by identification of intracellular pathogens with the help of PAMPs. Multiprotein inflammasome complexes are formed due to activation of some ALRs and NLRs which provide a platform for cleavage and activation of caspase-1.
Image: “Mechanisms underlaying the inflammation in respiratory tract.” by БИОлогиня – Own work. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
The actions of inflammasomes have been implicated in an immediate inflammatory response, both physiological and pathological. The cells of the innate immune system secrete mature forms of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) which is characteristic of the activation of the inflammasome.
Sensor proteins containing various inflammasomes have been described, those being NLRP1 (NALP1), NLRP3 (NALP3), IPAF (NLRC4), NLRP6 (NALP6), NLRP12 (NALP12), RIG-I and AIM-2 (absent in melanoma 2). Asc (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein), an adapter protein, is necessary for most of the inflammasomes for the purpose of recruitment of caspase-1 to inflammasome complex.
There is cleavage and activation of caspase-1 when there is binding to the inflammasome. Thus, its different targets are cleaved which lead to maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-1β.
Activation of inflammasomes can take place due to several different signals like bacteria and microbial toxins, xeno-compounds, cytoplasmic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and/or endogenous danger signals (DAMPs).
Beneficial or harmful inflammatory responses are associated with inflammasome activity. Maintenance of homeostatic tissue function gives rise to beneficial responses while sterile inflammation due to host-derived particles like monosodium urate (MSU) crystals (involved in the pathogenesis of gout) and environmental particles like asbestos, silica as well as metallic nanoparticles (involved in lung inflammation) lead to harmful inflammatory responses.
The activity of inflammasomes is also concerned with several diseases like cancer and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis), certain neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, Prion), autoimmune diseases (like multiple sclerosis) along with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Inflammare in Latin means to set on fire and it is usually self-limiting and controlled. Acute phase inflammation is an immediate, short duration inflammatory response of a tissue to injury that involves host cells, blood vessels as well as proteins.
Image: “Neutrophil margination and extravasation in acute inflammation.” by Department of Pathology, Calicut Medical College – Government Medical College, Kozhikode. License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Acute inflammation can be considered as the first line of defense against injury. Changes in the microcirculation, which include fluid exudation and leukocyte migration from the blood vessels to the area of injury, are the hallmark of acute inflammation. Acute inflammation takes place prior to establishment of the immune response and it is mainly intended for the removal of the injurious agent.
Acute inflammation leads to an elimination of early causes of cell injury and removes necrotic cells as well as necrotic tissues. It also causes the initiation of repair, which may be potentially harmful.
Inflammatory components that cause the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms can also destroy the normal bystander tissue. White blood cells, as well as plasma proteins, are the components of the inflammatory process. These are carried to the site of infection or tissue damage. Production of chemical mediators like cytokines leads to induction of inflammation.
Various stimuli of acute inflammation are:
Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic infections
Microbial toxins
Tissue necrosis due to ischemia, trauma, a physical or chemical injury like thermal injury, irradiation or certain environmental chemicals
Foreign bodies like splinters, dirt, sutures
Immune reactions or hypersensitivity reactions
Cardinal signs of acute inflammation
Clinically, there are five cardinal signs that are the hallmark of acute inflammation:
Rubor (redness)
Calor (increased heat)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)
Functio laesa (loss of function)
The first four signs were described by Celsus while the fifth one was added later by Virchow.
Cells Molecules
Neutrophils Proinflammatory cytokines
Endothelium Chemokines
Mast cells Acute phase proteins
Basophils Adhesion molecules
Eosinophils Complement
Platelets Histamine
Fibroblasts Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Time Table of the Healing Process
Consequences of acute inflammation
In case of an acute inflammatory response, various natural anti-inflammatory factors are released. These include cytokines, protease inhibitors, antioxidant enzymes, lipoxins, glucocorticoids, kinases, phosphatases, and transcriptional factors.
By and large, the cytokines are pro- or anti-inflammatory factors. The equilibrium between these factors decides the result of an inflammatory response. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ are implicated in early inflammatory response as well as amplification of inflammatory reactions whereas IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 are anti-inflammatory cytokines that lead to limitation of inflammatory responses.
Chronic inflammation, as the name suggests, is of a longer duration. It occurs when the preliminary acute inflammatory response cannot eliminate the inflammatory agent. It is necessary to measure the effects of different cytokines in order to understand the communication amongst the inflammatory cells.
This inflammatory process involves lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophage infiltration. These inflammatory cells lead to tissue destruction. The resolution of the inflammation takes place by angiogenesis and fibrosis.
Chronic inflammation, if unresolved, is a central component of various chronic conditions such as autoimmune diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Examples include tuberculosis, silicosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and cancer.
Contrasting acute and chronic inflammation
Acute Chronic
Predominant cell type Neutrophil Macrophage and T-lymphocyte
Time course Rapid onset, short-lived Slow onset, long-lived
Nature of the response ‘Physiological’ ‘Pathological’
Tissue damaging Usually mild and resolves quickly Often severe and progressive
Image: “Phagocytosis in three steps: Unbound phagocyte surface receptors do not trigger phagocytosis. Binding of receptors causes them to cluster. Phagocytosis is triggered and the particle is taken up by the phagocyte.” by Graham Beards. License: CC BY-SA 3.0
The complement system is a key element of the innate immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and confers protection particularly against the invading infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.
Using different complement pathways, it produces biologically active products. These result in pro-inflammatory mediators that bring in the PMNs and lead to the production of opsonins and lytic factors for bacteria as well as nucleated cells. Opsonins promote phagocytosis.
The three pathways of complement activation are the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway. The complement system is made up of a complex of different proteins. Nine different proteins have been recognized, namely C1 to C9.
C1 is a heat-labile component that forms the major bulk of the complement system and consists of 3 sub-proteins, C1q, C1r, C1s which are bound together by calcium.
C2 is also a heat-labile component whereas C3 is a heat stable component that has an ability to combine with yeast cell wall and leads to its inactivation.
C4 is a heat stable component that is inactivated by ammonia and hydrazine. C5 to C9 are the components that cause cell lysis by punching holes in the cell membrane thereby leading to impairment of function. C5 to C9 are the terminal components of the classical as well as the alternate pathway.
The Classical pathway (See complement system and chronic inflammation) is dependent on all 9 proteins acting in a sequence. It is activated when IgM or IgG combine with the cell membrane in the presence of complement. The alternate pathway bypasses the activation of C1, C4, and C2 and directly activates C3.
The binding of C3b to antigen-antibody complexes, antibody sensitized cells and viruses make them adhere to cells that possess immune adherence receptors i.e. PML, macrophages, some B-lymphocytes, primate RBCs, etc. C1-C5 also enhances the susceptibility to phagocytosis. Complement is also responsible for the death of tumor cells.
Type I interferon response
Interferons are named so because they ‘interfere’ with viral replication. They were the first cytokines to be discovered.
The type I IFN family is made up of many IFN members, single IFN, and subtypes that are present in swine and ovine species. Type I interferons induce antiviral responses by binding to a common receptor, the type I IFN/receptor (IFNAR) that is expressed on an extensive array of cell types. These are induced quickly and perform a critical role in defense against viral infection. At every stage in the life cycle of the virus, they have a defensive role.
Type I IFNs not only induce proteins with their direct anti-viral effects but also regulate various aspects of the innate as well as adaptive immunity. Type I IFN promotes the survival and proliferation of NK cell by induction of production of IL-15. They upregulate the MHC surface expression and also that of CD80, CD86, and CD40.
Type I IFN activate naïve CD8+ T cells, and play a role in the survival of activated CD4+ as well as CD8+ cells along with the development and proliferation of B cells. In most cases, there is recognition of the viral infections by host PRRs that leads to type I IFN production.
When the viruses are recognized, various Toll-Like Receptors such as the TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 as well as some intracellular Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) like RIG-I and PKR induce the production of type I IFN. There is an induction of plentiful amounts of proteins on activation of PRRs that leads to triggering of complex signaling pathways.
Along with viruses, type I IFN production is also significant during bacterial infections and in the treatment of several malignant disorders such as myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, and melanoma, where IFN is used as a chemotherapeutic agent in deep melanomas.
NK cells activating and inhibitory response
Natural killer cells are large, non-phagocytic, granular lymphocytes that constitute 5–10% of total lymphocytes. They are not formed in response to Ag but are naturally present. Their action is nonspecific and they do not require Ab. They can kill a multitude of transformed and virally infected cells.
Their activity is increased by INF and interleukin-2. They cause cell lysis by the release of cytolytic factors such as perforins, lymphotoxin, TNF, and NKCF. NK cells are involved in an early response to infection by certain viruses and bacteria. They are essential for immune surveillance and natural defense against virus-infected cells and malignant mutant cells.
Janeway, Travers, Walport and Shlomchik Immunobiology 5th Edition
Robins, Textbook of pathology
Liver Cancer — Types of Hepatobiliary Tumors
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC; Consumptive Coagulopathy) in Infants and Children
September 2, 2017 Lecturio read more
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Community Programs/Lessons
Direct Drive DJ Program
MEET STEPH!
Stephanie was our summer student this year. She brought a number of fresh ideas with her and helped us in moving our social media project forward in a strategic manner.
Stephanie Madsen
Where are you from? I’m from Calgary! I still spend my summers here and then go to school at the University of Western Ontario in London Ontario for the rest of the year!
What do you take? I take music and business with a focus on music production and marketing. After my degree I hope to be able to practice business in some aspect of the music industry.
When and how did you first get involved in music? I started music from day one - my grandma is a piano teacher so it was super important to her and my mom that I start music early. I’m pretty sure Baby Mozart was the soundtrack of our house through my entire infancy! In junior high was when I really started doing musicals and performances and just fell in love with it, I’ve been doing it ever since!
What instruments/type of music do you play? I started with piano, but now I play guitar, ukulele and sing!
How did you first find out about the Legacy Children’s Foundation’s Gift of Music program? Through close friends and the Hunter Family Foundation who’ve worked with Legacy before! As soon as I heard about it I knew it was something I would be passionate about.
What is your favourite part about working with the foundation? I do mostly behind the scenes work so I haven’t had the privilege of working closely with the youth, but just knowing that my work is going to make a difference in someone’s life is super rewarding.
What is your favourite song/band right now? Too many to choose! I’d say right now I’m listening to a lot of July Talk and the Lumineers.
If you could have any superpower what would it be? To freeze time so I could get all my work and chores done and then unfreeze it to go do the things I love…plus it would be a great way to pull pranks on people!
Tell us an interesting fact about yourself: One of my greatest passions is travelling and, so far, I’ve been to twenty countries ☺
Interview by Stephanie Madsen
This past summer I was lucky enough to have a chance to sit down and talk with Sam Spensley and her mom, Krista, about their experience with the Legacy Children’s Foundation. As some of you may know, Sam got a chance to perform at the Juno’s this year with Canadian singer/songwriter, Lights. If you got a chance to see her performance you know how amazingly talented this girl, who’s been taking lesson’s with the Gift of Music program for about 6 years, can be. Unmistakable thanks to her blue ponytail and laid back nature, Sam was a delight to interview!
When did you first become interested in music?
I’ve always been interested in music because of my dad; he was a big influence because he was listening to music constantly as I was growing up. Mom: He has a story for every song.
Mom: well, he makes up a little story to go along with every song. It’s how he remembers them; he’ll forget anything else, but never a song.
What kind of music was he playing around the house when you were growing up?
The Beatles, especially Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, disco, metal, rock. Everything really, from the Bee Gees to Led Zeppelin
What is your favourite song right now?
I’d probably have to say Move On by Wit Lowry. I really love the powerful lyrics.
Tell me a bit more about your experience at the Juno’s, how did this opportunity happen?
I went to a TD’s MusicCounts event and played with Chantel Kraviatzic, that was awesome. Then my mom sent an email to them to say thank you and that started the whole thing. After that they asked if I’d like to play with Lights … it was unreal.
In two words, how would you describe the experience?
Mind. Blowing.
How was Lights to work with?
Absolutely so down to earth and sweet! She always made sure I was comfortable and prepared.
Were you a fan of Lights’ before you met and performed with her?
Yes, since I was 9! I saw a music video of her on the Family Channel, the one with the paint on the white house, and loved it!
How did it feel to perform in front of such a large audience, watching both live and at home?
Pretty crazy! I was really nervous but I couldn’t actually see anyone once I was onstage because the stage lights were so bright. I think the best way to describe it would be empowering. It was empowering!
You said you were really nervous, how did you deal with those nerves and give that amazing performance that everyone saw?
Take a few deep breaths, I kind of had one, I guess, breakdown? The morning before. [Lights and I] had been practicing over skype and it was all going well and then it just hit me! But my mom was there and she helped me through it and after a few deep breaths it was okay.
Who’s been your #1 supporter through all your musical endeavors?
Definitely my parents, they’ve always been very supportive.
What is your biggest goal outside of music right now?
Get my high school diploma. It’s one of those thing like, don’t love it but I gotta do it!
After you finish your education would you ever consider pursuing music professionally?
Yes, I’m very interested!
What could you see yourself doing? Performing or more behind the scenes stuff?
I think I’m a pretty loud and in-your-face kind of person so definitely performing!
Outside of music, what else are you really interested in?
Cosmetology, especially [hair] colouring and stage makeup!
Your blue hair has become your signature, did you do it yourself?
Yeah! Actually I’ve been doing it for years so I’ve gotten a lot better at it! It’s fun!
MEET OUR INSTRUCTORS!
The Legacy’s Gift of Music programs are an important tool to help youth in our community learn music and ultimately stay in school and out of trouble. This program would not be possible without the dedication of our many amazing instructors.
INTERVIEWS BY STEPHANIE MADSEN
Verne Luchinski
Verne was our very first instructor for our Gift of Music Programming. He has taught guitar in various locations in Calgary as well as in Morely School. Verne was “instrumental” in creating the Legacy Music Academy in Morley, a project where youth were immersed in music every day, for half a day…the result being young people who became regular school attenders and high school graduates. He is currently our SKYPE based music instructor.
Where are you from? I was born in Eastern Saskatchewan, and have resided in Calgary since 1990.
When and how did you first get involved in music? Playing in my dad’s family band on weekends in our home was my first exposure to and immersion in “being part of the band”. It was this experience that really taught me the importance of being mentored by more experienced musicians and the joy of performing live music.
How many years have you been in the music industry? I have been learning, performing, and teaching part-time or full-time for the last 48 years
What instruments/type of music do you play? Mostly guitar, bass, keys, harmonica
How did you first find out about the Legacy Children’s Foundation’s Gift of Music programs? Through a mutual friend who put me in touch with Darryl who asked me to start teaching in a pilot project with the YWCA. I also started a summer project teaching at Morley which morphed into a full program which is now fully funded and administered by Stoney Education Authority.
What is your favourite part about working with the foundation? Working with the kids one on one because I get an opportunity to give undivided attention to students during our half-hour lesson each week, which, in in many cases, proves to be beneficial to the student’s sense of trust and belonging.
What is your favourite song/band right now? Tom Petty, John Prine, Pierce Pettis, Eric Clapton, Mark Knopfler, etc. “You’ve Got A Friend” by Carol King and performed by James Taylor
If you could have any superpower what would it be? Being healthy
Tell us an interesting fact about yourself: I played my first paying gig when I was 10 years old: a New Year’s Eve dance in 1971, at which a brawl broke out that included just about everyone at the dance and resulted in a family feud between our neighbours that has resembled the Hatfield’s and McCoy’s since that night.
A professional musician for more than 30 years, Peter is currently teaching at Ranchlands School and Terry Fox School as well as Bowness Boys & Girls Clubs. Peter has been with us for 6+ years as an instructor and he also refurbishes our donated guitars. We get nothing but rave reviews about Peter from youth, parents and community partners, with one of his long-term students, Sam, performing this year at the Juno’s.
Where are you from? I was born in Calgary but have lived all over Canada and the United States.
When and how did you first get involved in music? I started playing guitar as a teen and am self-taught. Then I started playing in bands and it’s all history from there.
How many years have you been in the music industry? I have been in the music industry most of my life, since my late teens.
What instruments/ type of music do you play? I can play guitar, bass, harmonica, drums. I play all kinds of music.
How did you first find out about the Legacy Children’s Foundation’s Gift of Music programs? I met Daryl and Sandra as a guitar repairman. They came to my shop with donated instruments that needed repair.
What is your favorite part about working with the foundation? I really enjoy seeing students learn that they can play music.
What is your favorite song/band right now? Too hard to say, it’s like picking a favorite child – but I love the BLUES from the 1950’s.
If you could have any superpower what would it be? SUPER LOVE – why not?
Tell us an interesting fact about yourself: Besides playing music and teaching music I also repair guitars.
Mark Sadlier-Brown
Mark came to us through the National Music Centre and since joining Legacy has shared his passion and skills with youth attending TB Riley School in Bowness. Mark is a well-respected musician in Calgary and like all of our musicians, he consistently receives rave reviews from his students and school personnel.
Where are you from? I was born and raised in Ottawa Ontario.
When and how did you first get involved in music? My dad bought a stereo for Christmas and some albums. There was always music in my home. Then my brother bought a ukulele. That’s what got me started.
How many years have you been in the music industry? 35 years
What instruments/type of music do you play? I play guitar, bass, ukulele, jug and harmonica.
How did you first find out about the Legacy Children’s Foundation’s Gift of Music programs?
I was volunteering at the National Music Centre. Daryl came to a meeting there and we chatted.
What is your favourite part about working with the foundation? I like to see a student’s eyes light up when they realize that they are making good music.
Picture Courtesy of Dragan Ballac
What is your favourite song/band right now? I have a lot of favourite bands. Right now I am liking Paul Pigat and his band “Cousin Harley”. I also like the “Alien Rebels” and “The Sadlier-Brown Band” I like so many songs that I can’t narrow it down to one.
If you could have any superpower what would it be? The power to heal.
Tell us an interesting fact about yourself
I am an artist.
Joseph Belhumeur
As well as being a Legacy instructor, Joseph is also a dedicated and busy full-time teacher in Eden Valley. Joseph has been with us for 3 years and he has nurtured the Legacy Music program so that it has become an integral part of regular school programming. Joseph is an inspirational educator and music teacher who is making a real difference for youth in the community.
Where are you from? I am from a small community in east central Saskatchewan call Weekes.
When and how did you first get involved in music? I began enjoying music from a young age as my mother loved to play guitar and sing. I first pick up the guitar when I was 12. I got my first guitar when I was 16. I have enjoyed playing music since that time.
How many years have you been in the music industry? I began to become more involved in the music industry once my children began playing music. My children, Luke (16), Kobe (15) and Colten (12) form a 3 piece band. We have an older son, Joel (20), who plays guitar and sings but does not play in the band as he is going to college in Saskatchewan. The boys have played may events and participated in talent contests. We are currently working on making their first album.
What instruments/type of music do you play? I play guitar, sing, bass, drums, and learning piano.
How did you first find out about the Legacy Children’s Foundation’s Gift of Music programs? I first learned of the Legacy Children’s Foundation through a fellow musician.
What is your favourite part about working with the foundation? My favourite part of working with the Legacy Children’s Foundation is the generosity of the foundation towards making learning music possible for everyone.
What is your favourite song/band right now? I don't not have current favourite song and band as I enjoy all types of music from smooth jazz to celtic to Metallica.
If you could have any superpower what would it be? The super power I wish I had is the ability to fly. Why, I am not sure, but it is the super power I dream of most often.
Tell us an interesting fact about yourself: I suffered from social anxiety for much of my younger years and music has helped me overcome the anxiety as well as helped in many other parts of my life.
Justine Vandergrift
Justine is the most recent addition to our family of guitar instructors. She came aboard this fall and has fit into the Legacy family very nicely with her taking on three music programs: Cochrane Boys and Girls Club and Holly Cross and Bishop Kidd schools.
Where are you from? Lacombe, AB
How many years have you been in the music industry? I’ve been involved for about 5 years
When and how did you first get involved in music? I've been playing music and singing for as long as I can remember. I began playing guitar at 13 and started writing songs at 14, performing at 15 and have been ever since.
What instruments/type of music do you play? I play guitar, some piano, ukelele, mandolin and banjo.
How did you first find out about the Legacy Children’s Foundation’s Gift of Music program? From Mark Sadler-Brown when I met him at my friend Mariel Buckley's show in May 2016.
What do you think will be your favourite part about working with the foundation? The opportunity to share the gift of music by teaching children. Music has made my life so rich and I don't know where I'd be without it so it only makes sense to pass it along.
What is your favourite song/band right now? Chris Stapleton!
If you could have any superpower what would it be? I would want to be able to tele-transport to all my favourite places in the world at any time.
Tell us an interesting fact about yourself: I love to travel and learn about other cultures. I have had the privilege of travelling in Kenya, Honduras, Uganda, Ghana, Honduras, Romania, The Netherlands and Mexico.
From The CEO & The Board
The Legacy Children's Foundation
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Seb Coe Makes His Case For The IAAF Presidency
by LetsRun.com
Double Olympic gold and silver medalist, 11-time world record holder and 2012 London Olympic chairman Sebastian Coe is running to succeed Lamine Diack as the next head of the IAAF.
We’re honored that Coe has chosen LetsRun.com as the venue to make his case for the presidency to the US track and field and world (and mid-d and distance fans across the globe). Recently, Coe sat down for an interview with Brendan Foster, the 1972 Olympic 10,000m bronze medallist and founder of Nova International, and talked about his vision for the sport moving forward. The interview, which has been broken up into five parts, is being released first on LetsRun.com. We’ll have one video for each of the next five days.
The day one video, which is both an introduction and summary as to why Coe thinks he would be a good leader of the IAAF, appears below. We’ve provided a transcript of the day one highlights and they appear below the video.
Article continues below player
Video by FilmNova Sport Production – filmnova.com.
Seb Coe on why he’s running for the IAAF job:
“Although I had to think long and hard about (running for IAAF head), in essence, it was probably one of the easier decisions I’ve made….I do feel it’s something I really want to do and I like to I think can make a good contribution…If I’m in a position to shape the future of my sport, why on earth would I not want to do that?”
Seb Coe on why track and field is the greatest sport, but a sport with challenges:
“I see a very, very strong, a really great sport. Those values have never altered…When you look up into the stadium at a global athletics championships, you’ve got 213 flags now. There’s not a sport in the world that has that universality (213 nations), that global reach. It’s tougher to get a medal in a track and field championship than any other sport…. But the sport has its challenges. I think we recognize that we’ve struggled, valiantly on occasions, but we have struggled to connect with the next generation. We are not being watched by as many people as we should be. Interestingly, if you do some research into this, it shows that track and field is everybody’s second favorite sport but not enough people are now following it as their #1 sport and we have to address that. Fundamentally, I think we have to address it by exciting and engaging young people both as spectators and participants.”
On whether the sport needs to get rid of events / How to grow the sport:
Coe: “I take great exception to people from outside our sport trying to redesign our sport because they don’t fundamentally understand the nature, the history and the philosophy of it. The important thing for us as a sport is to recognize that we have a greater challenge than any other sport as we are trying to meld many, many more disciplines…It’s not just one discipline. We have many of them and they are strong in (various) parts of the world. The skill here is to embrace all of those disciplines, but to give the wherewithal to member federations that have particular strengths and particular interests – like the World Relay Championships in the Bahamas which was a huge success – to give them the ability to stage those events and from the center, ie the IAAF, the headquarters, Monaco, to make sure that we do everything to encourage the sport, however it is viewed, to grow in those particular markets….
Ultimately, you are going to have create more events. You can’t just have a World Championships in isolation of the things that lead up to it. (You need to) leave the marketing and funding in place to make sure that when it (the World Championship) goes you aren’t just leaving people with memories of an event – that you have got some legacy funding to make sure that it goes forward – these are long-term journeys.”
On how to get young people into the sport:
Coe: “This is not a crisis. Our sport is not going to disappear in two or three years but I do think there are things we could be doing so much better and I think there are ways of engaging and encouraging young people – whether it’s being smarter with the way we use social media, whether it’s about being smarter about how we create youth athletics. I think the days of expecting an 11-year or 12-year old to suddenly be hooked on cross country or javelin throwing is over. Young people like to work in networks – they like team sports. I think we’ve got to bring (to) the early years of athletics much more of a team element. How about inter-schools competitions where instead of just having one person turning up at one o’clock and doing something for 35-seconds and waiting for three or four hours until their mates are finished at the end of the evening and then (spending) two hours on the coach (bus) home. Why not have teams where you have six or seven events, seven or eight on the team, and each member of that team has to choose 3 or 4 different things to do that afternoon and have a points total? I think there are lots of creative things we can do.”
On why he’d want to head the IAAF when he could possibly be the Mayor of London or the head of the BBC:
“For me, it’s really simple. Why wouldn’t I? It’s been my sport – it’s something I’ve now been doing since effectively the late 60s. If I’m in a position to shape the future of my sport, why on earth would I not want to do that?”
Other Days:
Day 1: Seb Coe States His Case For The IAAF Presidency (Intro & Summary)
“There’s not a sport in the world that has that universality (213 nations), that global reach (of athletics). It’s tougher to get a medal in a track and field championship than any other sport. But the sport has its challenges. I think we recognize that we’ve struggled, valiantly on occasions, but we have struggled to connect with the next generation…I take great exception to people from outside our sport trying to redesign our sport because they don’t fundamentally understand the nature, the history and the philosophy of it….If I’m in a position to shape the future of my sport, why on earth would I not want to do that?”
Day 2: Seb Coe On Why Trust In The Sport Is Critical/Why Drugs Must Be Eradicated “Fair play starts at the very top of the sport… The tone and style is set from the top… It’s absolutely vital that people believe in our sport….The spectators going into those stadiums have to go to know what they are watching is real…We have to open about this… I’ve always, always preferred to the face short-term embarrassment than the long-term genteel decline… This is not a war we can lose.”
Day 3: Seb Coe On Growing The Sport Commercially For The Athletes
“We’ve got a sport, I think we’ve got to create a movement…. There are millions of people around the globe that run. I don’t think enough of them see what they do as being related in any way with Usain Bolt does. I think we’ve got to create a running movement…What sport is better placed to actually make a difference (with obesity) than athletics?…We need to do more to explain the fee structure and income structure. I’ve never had a problem about appearance money. I think we should be really open about that. I don’t think we should be too coy or shy.”
Day 4: On Marketing The Sport Across 213 Member Federations – One Size Doesn’t Fit All Coe advocates moving money from Monaco to the member federations who know what works best locally. “We have to put the member federations in the best possible position to deliver the sport in the way they know there is a local interest….We’ve got to find the key drivers of growth for the sport and we’ve got to be able deliver that sport in a much more flexible way.”
Day 5 (Coming Saturday): On The Possibility Of The Sub-2 Hour Marathon
Be a cool kid. Get a LetsRun shirt
Posted in: Video
Tags: Seb Coe, IAAF Presidency
“In a Way, the Horse Bolted the Stable Many, Many Years Ago”: Seb Coe Speaks to LetsRun.com About Shoes, World Records, & 2021 Diamond League Changes
Seb Coe loves World XC and wants more participation — but if that is to happen, he needs to change his approach
2017 World XC Press Conference Highlights: Olympic Champs Asbel Kiprop, Faith Kipyegon, Stephen Kiprotich and Seb Coe Talk About XC’s Importance With XC Legend Paul Tergat
The Week That Was In Running: The Colorado Milers, Snow CrossNationals, Callum Hawkins, Amy Cragg and More
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Money-smart reasons to install solar panels at your home now
by Pat Mertz Esswein
Financial Education / Money-smart reasons to install solar panels at your home now
Andrew and Sonia Campbell of Killeen, Texas, have been talking about putting in a solar power system for years. In June, the installers finally arrived--just as the near-biblical rainfall in their part of the state was finally letting up. The Campbells' new system will supply nearly all the electricity they need and, besides slashing their electric bill, satisfy Andrew's goal to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. "In everything I do, I try to go green if I have the choice," he says.
The system is connected to the grid for backup power at night, or whenever it isn't generating enough electricity. When it makes more power than the Campbells use, the system will feed the excess to the grid and they will earn credit in the form of a "true up" payment at year-end, says Scot Arey, owner of Solar CenTex, which installed their system.
Their 8.25-kilowatt system cost about $20,300, but the federal renewable-energy tax credit, which is equal to 30% of the system cost, trimmed the tab by nearly $6,100. With projected savings of $1,580 in the first year and even more in subsequent years as utility rates rise, the system is projected to pay for itself in 7.6 years.
Homeowners installed more than 186,000 residential systems in 2014, the third consecutive year the residential market grew by more than 50%, according to the Solar Energy Industry Association (SEIA). Falling prices for solar panels (especially those made in China) and flexible financing and leasing options have helped bring solar power systems into the mainstream. Homeowners are also keeping an eye on the renewable-energy tax credit, which expires at the end of 2016. The cost of residential solar has fallen by nearly half since 2010, to an average of $3.57 per watt of capacity, says Ken Johnson, of the SEIA. The typical home system has 6 kilowatts of capacity, so that translates to about $21,400. But the federal tax credit trims the cost to about $15,000, and state and local incentives bring the cost down even more.
But you don't have to come up with the cash for a solar system. A decade or so ago, the up-front cost of installing solar at home was prohibitively expensive for all but the most well-heeled early adopters. When SolarCity, the largest residential installer in the U.S., introduced leasing in 2008, it made solar affordable. More than half of homeowners who have a solar electric system lease. Under the leasing model, solar firms supply the system and collect all subsidies. You pay the leasing company for your electricity at rates that save you between 10% and 50% compared with what the utility would charge, according to EnergySage.com, which provides information about solar electric systems.
Does solar power make financial sense for your home?
The higher the electric rate you pay, the sunnier your location and the greater the financial incentives, the more compelling the case for solar. A rough guide: If you have a roof that faces south, southeast or southwest and you pay at least 12 to 13 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh) for electricity, solar is probably a good option, says Jonathan Bass, of SolarCity. If your roof is more than 20% shaded, you may need a ground-mounted system.
Installers can give you an estimate of the system size you'll need by looking at a satellite view of your home. When they visit your home, they'll verify the calculations, check your roof, and assess how a solar system will interconnect with your home's electrical system and the grid. (Get your own estimates at solar-estimate.org.) Older homes may require a new electrical panel, subpanel or meter box, which could cost about $500.
What if you live in New England or the Pacific Northwest, where cloudy days outnumber sunny ones? Because solar power systems use sunlight scattered by clouds or humidity as well as direct sunlight, you'll have adequate sunshine almost anywhere you live in the U.S. Plus, the colder the temperature, the more efficiently solar panels work, says Joshua Pearce, of the Michigan Tech Open Sustainability Technology Lab, in Houghton, Mich.
Homeowners in cold climates can use solar to heat their homes with an air-source heat pump that, with new technology, will work efficiently down to temperatures as low as -6 degrees Fahrenheit. Snow may block the panels and reduce output, but panels can be installed with more tilt, wind exposure and clearance at the bottom so snow will slide off faster--or you can clear the panels from the ground with a long-handled squeegee.
This past winter's unending snowfall in the Boston area cut production from Bob Lehmann's rooftop system in Concord, but he still didn't receive an electric bill. Between production and net metering (selling power back to the grid), Lehmann saves $1,200 a year on electricity and the utility's fixed charges. An unexpected bonus: His home's second story is a lot cooler and requires less air-conditioning in the summer because the sun beats down on the panels instead of the roof.
Should you lease or buy your solar panels?
If you choose not to buy, you have two main options: a solar lease or a power purchase agreement (PPA). With a lease, you pay a fixed monthly amount for the use of the system and a guaranteed amount of electricity. With a PPA, you pay the solar company each month for the actual amount of electricity your system produced, and that amount may vary seasonally. With either contract type, look for a production guarantee so that if there's a shortfall in production, the solar company will reimburse you for the amount of electricity that you had to buy from your utility. If your consumption increases, you're on your own buying more power from the utility. Either way, you should see monthly savings from the get-go, although you'll almost certainly continue to pay your utility a small fixed fee each month for connection and infrastructure.
With a lease or PPA, you usually don't have to make a down payment. However, if you're willing to make one, you may nab a lower lease payment or PPA rate, or a shorter term. The solar company will take responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the system. At the end of the term, assuming you still own the house, you may be able to renew the contract, or the solar company will remove the system at no cost.
A lease or PPA should include provisions for terminating it and outline what is required if you sell your home. Bass, of SolarCity, says the vast majority of customers transfer their system to the new homeowner, who must be financially qualified to assume the lease payments.
Leasing a solar system will lower your electric bill, but buying it will maximize the financial benefit. Vikram Aggarwal, chief executive of EnergySage.com, which offers an apples-to-apples comparison of proposals from local installers, uses this rule of thumb: If you lease, you'll see 20% to 30% savings in your utility bill. But if you pay for a system with cash, you'll enjoy 100% of the savings--after you recoup the cost of the system. If you finance a system with a loan, it will take longer to recoup your investment.
Aggarwal provides this example of a homeowner in Great Neck, N.Y. To make enough power each month to cover a $100 utility bill, the homeowner needs a 4.5 kW system, which costs $16,000, or $6,800 after the federal and New York State tax credits and other state incentives. If he pays cash, he recoups his cost in six years and saves $30,000 over 20 years.
With a 20-year solar loan (with an interest rate of 5.0%), he saves an average of $83 a month and $19,800 overall. (Monthly savings of $55 in the first year will increase annually as utility prices increase.) With a 20-year lease, he saves an average of $24 a month and $5,700 overall. (The average annual increase in electric rates has historically been more than 3%, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.) If you buy or finance, you're responsible for system maintenance, but experience has shown that solar systems are highly durable, with few maintenance issues.
If you want a loan, one option is to tap your home equity. The Campbells used a home-improvement loan with a 20-year term and a fixed interest rate of 2.88% from the Texas Veterans Land Board. (Vets can get home-improvement loans backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.) The interest on a loan secured by your home will be tax-deductible.
Solar and renewable-energy loans (secured and unsecured) are becoming more readily available from a variety of sources, including Admirals Bank (nationwide), Sungage Financial, numerous credit unions, city and county programs, utilities, and manufacturers (such as SunPower). Even SolarCity, the leasing company, introduced a MyPower loan last fall. See DSIRE and Energy Sage, and check with installers to find loan programs. Interest rates start at 4.3%. The rate you get depends on the term, your credit history, and whether the loan is secured by your home.
Find the right solar-panel installer
Before you shop for an installer, check your current electric bill so you can answer questions about your consumption in the past year. Also think about how your usage might change in the near future (say, because your kid leaves home or you buy an electric car).
Ask for referrals for installers from people you know who have gone solar, and attend home-and-garden shows or energy fairs. Or contact your local chapter of the American Solar Energy Society or the Community Power Network, whose chapters may refer you to a vetted installer or sponsor a bulk purchasing event with a discounted price.
The best installers are certified as photovoltaic installation professionals by the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners. Check installers' Web sites for examples of their work and to see what kind of financing they offer (lease or loan, or both) and crunch the numbers. Then call three prospects for proposals. Ask them how long they've been in business, how many systems they've installed and why they support particular brands of components. Installer David Schieren, of EmPower Solar, in Island Park, N.Y, says that he can provide a performance ratio of projected production of electricity versus actual output based on results from his 1,000 installations. Check references.
If you haven't yet decided how you want to pay for a system, installers should be willing to help you compare the options, including an equivalent cost per kWh of electricity produced, a payback period and a cash-flow analysis for each strategy over time.
Most solar-panel manufacturers offer a product warranty of 10 years (SunPower's warranty is 25 years), as well as a production warranty that guarantees the panels will produce electricity at 80% to 90% of their rated power output at the end of 25 years (like a laptop or cell-phone battery, a solar panel's performance degrades over time). Inverters are typically warrantied for 10 years. The best warranties are insured by a third party; they will be effective even if the manufacturer goes under. Installers should warranty their work for at least a year, but some cover up to 10 years.
Once you've signed a contract, the installer should obtain permits and arrange for inspections and interconnection agreements with your electric utility. A good one will also file any incentive applications and help you select the utility provider whose rate plan will help you maximize your savings.
After the system is installed, if your electric meter allows, you may get to experience the thrill of watching it run backward as your system produces a surplus of power.
Incentives for installing solar power at home
Financial incentives for solar electric systems won't last forever. They're designed to jump-start adoption. Many have limited funding and are available on a first-come, first-served basis.
For example, the renewable-energy tax credit, which covers solar electric systems, equals 30% of the cost of a residential system that is in service by December 31, 2016, when the credit is scheduled to expire. Kiplinger thinks the credit will probably die, but if Congress extends it, it will likely be smaller.
If you buy a system for your primary residence or second home, the credit will reduce your federal income tax dollar for dollar. If the credit is worth more than your tax bill in 2015, you can roll over the balance of the credit to 2016.
To find other incentives offered by your state, city or utility, search by zip code at the Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency. View our slideshow to see what incentives are currently available in the 12 largest U.S. cities.
Copyright 2015 The Kiplinger Washington Editors
This article was written by Pat Mertz Esswein, Associate Editor and Kiplinger's Personal Finance from Kiplinger and was legally licensed through the NewsCred publisher network.
Home Saving
4 smart New Year's resolutions for homeowners
by Christy Bieber
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by Karen Engel
Should a Jewish Girl Wear a Dirndl? (And Other Questions About Jews And Tracht)
Illustration by Shifra Whiteman
It was Erev Rosh Hashana and my 19-year-old daughter, Janina, was joining us at synagogue after spending the day at a city-wide festival in the province of southern Austria where we live. Every September, folk music groups, artisans, folk dancers, and a lot of tourists throng the medieval streets of Graz to celebrate Styrian folk culture, which importantly includes dirndls — a traditional dress with an apron, bodice and relatively low-cut blouse. Not only are dirndls not typical feminist attire, but Jews, historically speaking, have a troubled relationship with them, as well as with their male counterpart, lederhosen.
So when Janina breezed into shul that warm September evening dressed like an Austrian peasant, a visitor turned to her and asked incredulously, “Are you Jewish?”
Janina, who grew up in Graz and has attended services her whole life here, was deeply offended.
“Of course I’m Jewish,” she answered.
For many jews, dirndls and lederhosen are almost on the order of swastikas, associated as they are with right-wing political groups and with the Nazi glorification of German volk culture. When the Nazis marched into Austria in 1938, one of the first things they did was ban Jews from wearing them.
Tracht (the German term for traditional folkloric dress) was popular among Jews and other members of the rising upper and middle classes before the Holocaust, especially the well-to-do who packed up their belongings each summer and moved to Alpine resorts like Bad Ischl and Bad Aussee. Dressing up in Tracht was campy and fun, and it was also an appropriation of Austrian insider-ness. When Hitler forbade Jews to wear dirndls and lederhosen, he understood the semiotics.
In the last few years, Tracht has staged a fashionable comeback in both Austria and Germany, and it’s suddenly not uncommon to see teens and twenty-somethings wearing dirndls and lederhosen to weddings, parties and even to the office. Variations abound, from traditional fabrics and designs specific to certain regions or towns (like the Black Forest and Bad Aussee) to “designer Tracht” by such rising stars as Lena Hoschek who mixes old motifs with new styles and fabrics. Gloria Cudjo of Hamburg has started a unique line of Tracht that uses African materials — a culture-clash expression of her Ghana-German identity. And then, of course, there’s always Tracht kitsch for tourists, immutably gaudy and inexpensive.
But a Jewish girl wearing a dirndl?
Well, the history of tracht is bound up with Jews in more ways than one. Although dirndls and lederhosen originated some 400 years ago as the work clothes of Alpine peasants — with a finer version for Sundays and holidays designating a person’s social, marital and economic status — they became more popular in the 19th century, largely as a romantic response to the modern industrial age.
Tracht was worn mainly in the countryside. In 1900, though, two Jewish brothers, Julius and Moritz Wallach, opened a clothing store in the Bavarian city of Munich and had the clever and successful idea of marketing dirndls and lederhosen as a kind of urban “rural chic.” In 1939, the Wallachs’ store was “Aryanized.” And today, when one thinks of all the lederhosen and dirndls worn by beer-guzzling Germans (and tourists) at Munich’s huge Oktoberfest, it’s odd to think about two Jews spearheading this fashion trend.
Before the Holocaust, Jews not only wore Tracht, they were also germinal ethnographers of Alpine and folkloric culture. In the 1920s, Eugenie Goldstern’s research on Alpine cultures of the Habsburg monarchy was groundbreaking in its focus on how these societies adapted to change. This was in contrast to other scholars’ idealized presentation of Alpine life as untainted by, and immune to, change. Goldstern’s collections of folk art and artifacts became important mainstays of both the Vienna and Bern museums of folklore.
She fought against the nationalist and racist ideologies that were ruggedly in vogue in the field of ethnography in her time, but she failed to recognize how dangerous they had really become. In June of 1942, Goldstern was deported from Vienna to Lublin, where she died in the Sobibor extermination camp.
Much of what we know today about Austrian folk music (and Alpine culture as well) is thanks to another Austrian Jew, Konrad Mautner (1880 –1924), the son of a Viennese textile merchant who loved the country life. He spoke dialect, wore lederhosen, and relished hunting, fishing, singing, dancing and smoking with the locals of the small village of Gössl in the picturesque Salzkammergut region of Austria. Mautner’s collections of Austrian folk songs and Tracht are fundamental to today’s understanding of Austrian folk culture.
Since 2006, the Konrad Mautner Prize has been awarded every two years to a person who promotes the wearing of Tracht. In 2008, the award went to the Austrian actor and writer Miguel Herz-Kestrenek, who happens also to be a Jew; he comes from a prominent, assimilated Austrian-Jewish family.
“My father was forbidden to wear [lederhosen] and so was my grandfather. I wear lederhosen precisely because Jews were once forbidden to,” he said in his acceptance speech. “Tracht is not the expression of, nor a relic of, the era of blood, soil and race, but rather a protest against it. It is not a uniform, but its opposite: an expression of extreme individualism, not only from valley to valley, but from village to village.”
Herz-Kestrenek received the prize exactly 70 years after the Anschluss of Austria to Nazi Germany, a fact that was noted prominently in his speech.
Herz-Kestrenek’s logic also informs the attitudes of Claudia Saltiel, a friend of mine and a member of Graz’s Jewish community. Claudia hates uniforms, whether dictated by the military or fashion. She not only grew up wearing dirndls, but her family includes four generations of Jewish dirndl-wearing women. She says that her grandmother, who was originally from Czernowitz (in today’s Romania), wore dirndls to “fit in” with Bad Ischl society. Her mother, as a very young girl in Salzburg, survived the Holocaust in hiding — and after that always wore dirndls as was common in the Salzburg region, where she continued to live after the war. Claudia’s daughter, Rivka, wears dirndls from time to time because, she says simply, “I like them.”
It’s one thing, though, when your friends wear dirndls, and another when your own daughter starts wearing them. As a Jewish-American feminist who moved to Austria more than 20 years ago as a radio reporter, I have mixed feelings about Tracht.
I have to admit that dirndls have a very flattering cut, and at different times during their childhoods, I dressed both my girls in them for special occasions. The girls always looked adorable; never overdressed or sexy. Unlike my daughters, though, I am not even half-Austrian, so dirndls aren’t part of my heritage.
My daughter Janina, who graduated from a secondary school that specializes in fashion design, tells me that she likes dirndls not only as an expression of her mixed cultural heritage, but also as a feminist.
“The fashion
industry is all about women being skinny, and the dirndl is a statement in defiance of that,” she says. “It doesn’t matter how fat or how skinny you are; women with very curvy bodies look great in dirndls.”
She also has feelings about wearing that dirndl to synagogue.
“Jews especially should wear them because there were laws prohibiting us from doing so. I want to signal that I’m Jewish, I’m Austrian, and I’m proud to be both Jewish and Austrian. We live in the 21st century! This should not even be a question.”
Nonetheless, I doubted I would ever wear a dirndl myself — except then I realized that I already had. A few years ago, I came across the only image of me as a child taken by a professional photographer: in a dirndl. I don’t know who chose that outfit — my parents were Polish- and American-born, my father losing many family members in the Holocaust — and today I can’t ask them anymore.
But they must’ve seen the dirndl as simply a dress. Is it time for me to try to do that, too?
Karen Engel has reported for NPR, the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation and Deutsche Welle, and co-founded a Jewish cultural center in Graz. Her daughter Janina was the first girl in Graz to chant from the Torah; her daughter Milena the first to chant her Haftorah as well.
The Politics of Paradox
The articles in this special section:
Wednesdays in Mississippi
by Holly Cowan Shulman
Polly Cowan worked to bring interracial teams of glove- and hat-wearing middle-class Northern women to Mississippi every Wednesday during Freedom Summer. Polly’s daughter figures out what drove her mother’s work.
BLT Judaism
by Rachel Kadish
Bacon? One woman creates her own Jewish tradition out of the most untraditional food of all.
In Germany and Austria, traditional German peasant dresses, like the dirndl — once forbidden for Jews to wear — have made a comeback. Is it okay when even the author’s daughters are wearing them? And here’s a rundown of the restrictions on Jewish women’s clothing over the centuries, in case you thought the yellow star was a first.
The politics of paradox—finding Jewish meaning in unexpected places: a white, middle-class mom turned civil rights pioneer, a bacon sandwich, and a dirndl dress.
How Not to Trust
by Rachel Maizes
Four Photographs of Rukhl
by Miriam Isaacs
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Mark Massey
Essexism (in progress)
The Crowstone (in progress)
Essex Chronicles
Roots Hall
Isolation Diary
The Soup
Editorial / commissions
News etc
The mouth of the Thames, in the south eastern corner of the UK, is one of the country’s largest inlets and a major shipping route in and out of London.
‘Essex Chronicles’ is my personal exploration of life along the northern - Essex - side of that estuary. I’m focusing on our interaction with the everyday places that occupy the land alongside it, rather than life on the water itself.
The coast is home to a diverse mix of industry, human habitation and leisure, all co-existing with the natural environment and varied wildlife. Different communities, with different relationships to the estuary, live, work and play here. Edgelands, marshes and mudflats rub shoulders with amusement arcades, power stations and wartime relics.
To some this is the land of ‘Estuary English’ accents and lazy stereotypes but it has always been a source of inspiration to artists and writers.
I’ve lived in Southend, on the estuary, all my life. When I was a child I took the seaside for granted but now I’m older I can appreciate how the coastline contributes to the identity of the entire area.
The images here cover the whole length of the coastline, from Foulness Island in the east and as far west as the area around the QEII Bridge and Purfleet.
An edit of my Essex Chronicles project is now available as a tabloid newsprint publication, for £5 (plus £1.90 UK postage).
Featuring 39 images across 28 pages.
If you're interested in buying a copy, please use the store.
1 Southend pier.
2 The Arches, Westcliff-on-Sea.
3 RNLI volunteer Amy, at the inshore lifeboat station in Southend. With a station at either end of the pier, Southend was the busiest coastal station in 2016, with 148 launches, 100 persons rescued, and 7 lives saved. The service is run entirely by volunteers - approximately 100 people, including 35 crew members.
4 Southend-on-Sea.
6 First World War memorial overlooking the estuary, Westcliff-on-Sea. Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and unveiled in 1921.
7 The Beach Hut, Westcliff-on-Sea.
8 Leigh Regatta.
9 Gunners Park, Shoeburyness.
10 ’Youth and Wheeled Sports Facility’ (ie. skateboard park), Leigh Marshes Youth Area, Leigh-on-Sea.
11 The QEII Bridge over the River Thames, connecting Thurrock, Essex and Dartford, Kent.
12 Procter & Gamble factory, Thurrock.
13 Holiday chalets, with petrochemical storage tanks in background, Holehaven Creek, Canvey Island.
14 Hadleigh Park, overlooking the estuary at Hadleigh. The tracks were built for the 2012 London Olympics mountain biking events, and were opened to the public in 2015 as part of the Olympic legacy.
15 Fantasia, Southend-on-Sea.
16 The Beach Club, Southchurch.
17 August Bank Holiday, Leigh-on-Sea.
18 Mini golf, Southend-on-Sea.
19 ‘Green Scream’, Adventure Island, Southend-on-Sea. This rollercoaster has the ‘distinction’ of holding a Guinness world record for the most naked people on a theme park ride - 102, in August 2010.
20 Southend-on-Sea.
21 Mudlarker find on the banks of the Thames, near Tilbury.
22 Queen Victoria statue, overlooking the estuary in Clifftown Parade, Southend-on-Sea. It was presented to Southend to mark her diamond jubilee in 1897, and has stood in the current location since 1962.
23 Tour guides Brian and Toni on the Broomway, off Foulness Island.
Foulness is an island of scrub and marshland, a haven for wildlife, that has been owned by the Ministry of Defence for over 100 years. They use it as a testing centre for military ordnance - it is believed that over the years everything from depleted uranium, atomic and chemical weapons, guided missile systems, bombs and even plane ejector seats have been tested here.
The area is protected by the Official Secrets Act, and large signs along the coast warn of various dangers and restrictions. The only land entrance (by road bridge) is protected by manned security gates.
Surprisingly though, a dwindling civilian population still live on the island - 125 remain as of May 2016, renting their homes and farms from the MoD. At one point the population was as high as 750.
Aside from seven open days per year (and occasional charity cycle rides), the public can only visit the island itself with an invitation from a resident, and even then movement is severely restricted.
The Broomway, first recorded in 1419, is an ancient right of way that follows the coastline of Foulness, 300 metres out on the mudflats, for almost 10 km. It’s very dangerous due to the fast flowing tides, lack of pathway definition, and the aforementioned firing exercises, so a guide is recommended. If a red flag is flying, then firing is taking place. On the day I visited, we found scores of explosive shells laying on the Maplin Sands, fired the day before.
The Broomway itself used to be marked every 30 metres with bundles of brooms tied to poles (hence its name), but it is no longer so marked or maintained, and there is no track. For much of its length it is nothing more than the public’s right to pass and repass over it.
The only access to the Broomway is via Wakering Stairs, which although not on the island itself, is also on MoD land and has limited access most of the time.
The MoD don’t really want walkers here, and on the day I visited, we were aware of being observed from the watchtowers that dot the coastline.
24 Canvey Island.
25 Thorpe Bay.
26 Fishmonger at Fisherman’s Co-operative, Victoria Wharf, Leigh-on-Sea.
27 Nightclub area, Southend-on-Sea.
28 Swimmers at a triathlon event, Thorpe Bay.
29 and 30 Southend-on-Sea.
31 Foulness Island.
32 Sea angler, Southend pier.
33 Asphalt plant, Purfleet.
34 Chalkwell.
35 Sea Life Adventure, Southend-on-Sea.
36 Leigh Regatta.
37 Southend pier.
38 Yellow warning diamond at the point where East Beach meets MoD property, Shoeburyness.
39 Leigh-on-Sea.
40 An idol of the Hindu elephant god Ganesh, left on the beach at Thorpe Bay during the annual Ganesh Visarjan festival. Around 20,000 people attend the celebrations in Southend each year, and the idols are left to be taken by the sea.
41 Flood defence, Grays.
42 Southchurch.
43 Tilbury Power Station, a now decommissioned fossil fuel plant. These towers were built in 1969 and were demolished in September 2017. At 170m they were the tallest standing structures in Essex but took less than 10 seconds to destroy.
44 Westcliff-on-Sea.
45 Thurrock Thameside Nature Park, with the huge new deep-water DP World London Gateway Port in the background.
46 Benfleet Creek.
47 Across the estuary to the Isle of Grain, Kent.
48 Three members of the Gilson family - Paul, Bill and Glyn - at their fishmongers in Southend-on-Sea. This family of fishermen have been working the Thames estuary for around 200 years and are well-known locally. The shop has been there for over 40 years and I can remember others around town in the past. Paul’s father, grandfather and great-grandfather were all fisherman but Paul believes he will be the last - when he retires the business will likely close. Dredging in preparation for the London Gateway project has depleted the fish and shellfish stocks in the estuary.
Another Place
Creative Boom
Print On Paper
The Story Portrait
Thames Estuary Library
Togspace
© Mark Massey 2020
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What Are the Limits on a HOA? Blood v. Stoneridge
Blood v. Stoneridge at Fountain Green Homeowners is an interesting case not only because the opinion begins with an Elton John verse from “Don’t Let the Sun Come Down on Me.”
Facts of Blood v. Stoneridge
In Blood, two Harford County (Bel Air) homeowners installed solar panels on their roofs. Big solar fans apparently, they installed fifteen solar panels on the front roof and thirty-three solar panels on the rear roof.
Saving fossil fuel. Who could complain? Apparently, the Stoneridge at Fountain Green Homeowners Association, their homeowners’ association. The homeowners asked the HOA for permission after the work had already been done. The HOA, not surprisingly, denied the request, ordered the homeowners to remove the front solar panels, not explaining why (the rear panels were apparently okay). In turn, the homeowners ignored the demand. This lawsuit by the HOA followed.
This case went to trial. There were a lot of pretrial stipulations so it came down to two witnesses at trial: the homeowner and someone from the installation company. The homeowner testified that he thought the installation company would deal with the HOA because the other companies that gave him a bid said they would.
The guy from the solar panel installer testified that it would be a costly mess to remove the solar panels and it would decrease efficiency.
The HOA did not present witnesses but stood on Maryland contract law. When the homeowner bought the home, they contractually agreed to abide by the HOA. This was a bench trial for declaratory relief (which is decided by a judge). The trial court ruled in favor of the HOA. The ruling enjoined the homeowners from “maintaining any solar panels on the front roof of their residence.” Which means that they had to spend a fortune to remove the panels. The opinion does not mention attorneys’ fees but I would be surprised if the homeowners do not ultimately have to pay the HOA attorneys’ fees in connection with the trial (which are likely a small fortune).
Appellate Decision
The homeowners argued to the Maryland Court of Special Appeals that restricting solar panels to their front roof is an “unreasonable limitation” barred by RP § 2-119(b).
RP § 2-119(b) states that:
Unreasonable limitations on installation
(b)(1) A restriction on use regarding land use may not impose or act to impose unreasonable limitations on the installation of a solar collector system on the roof or exterior walls of improvements, provided that the property owner owns or has the right to exclusive use of the roof or exterior walls.
(2) For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, an unreasonable limitation includes a limitation that:
(i) Significantly increases the cost of the solar collector system; or
(ii) Significantly decreases the efficiency of the solar collector system.
The homeowners argued the limitation is not reasonable because it makes their house less efficient. The court doubts that this is the case. But, more to the point, the court says that if it is true the house is now less energy efficient, the homeowners’ wounds are “self-inflicted.” Because, ultimately, the court found that the HOA’s limitation is reasonable.
Maryland Homeowner Associations Act, Md. Code, Real Prop. Art § 11B-101, et seq, grants non-waivable rights of an HOA to restrict what we do in our own homes. (Not my home. I live in the “Live Free on Die” part of Western Howard County). This is the deal you make when you buy a home in a community with an HOA. Yes, the Maryland high court has made clear that restrictive covenants should be construed against the HOA. But if the covenant exists, you abide by it or face harsh consequences like the homeowner faces in this case. I feel bad for the homeowners. But I can’t argue with the result.
Note: Our firm does not handle these types of cases. We post this only for information purposes (and we like reading and talking about Maryland case law even outside of personal injury cases).
Solar panel HOA dispute in Indiana
California does it differently
Fighting HOA lawsuits in Maryland
Homeowner Association Lawsuit Settlements and Verdicts
I thought it would be interesting to close out this post with a few HOA-related lawsuits and settlements.
2017, Oregon: $550,000 Verdict. A woman died from a traumatic brain injury and internal bleeding to her brain after she fell down a stairwell and struck her head on the cement curb. She was in a building owned by the Association of Unit Owners of Oswego Summit. Her estate alleged that the HOA failed to provide proper lighting for the stairwell, failed to construct its risers to comply with Oregon building codes, and failed to warn of its dangerous conditions. They also claimed that the HOA also failed to repair the dangerous conditions. The HOA denied liability and claimed that the woman’s own negligence caused the incident. A jury allocated 47 percent of the liability to the deceased and 53 percent to the HOA. They awarded a $550,000 verdict.
2016, Idaho: $88,000 Verdict. A professional recording engineer and producer lived in a subdivision owned by the Foothill Ranch Home Owners Association. The building’s pipes burst, releasing water that flowed into the man’s property. He alleged that the negligence of the handyman, who the HOA hired, caused this. The HOA hired him to help repair the fire suppression system. The man alleged that handyman failed to properly connect the pipes and install thrust blocks. He further alleged that this negligence caused damage to his recording equipment, his musical instruments, his computer, his hard drive, and his back-up tames of musical recordings that could not be replaced. Before trial, the judge awarded the man $305,722 in response to his Motion for Summary Judgment. The judge then decreased the award to $64,000 and let the jury decide the remaining damage issues. A jury awarded an additional $88,000, which brought the total award, including stipulated damages, to $331,646.
2013, Illinois: $550,000 Settlement. A 74-year-old woman died of a subdural hematoma after a gurney struck a large pothole and tipped in an HOA-owned parking lot. Her estate alleged that the HOA failed to properly and adequately repair the hole and failed to properly and adequately maintain safe premises. They also alleged that two EMS personnel refused to safely position the ambulance, failed to respond with enough personnel to assist with the woman, and left one paramedic to transport the woman via gurney. The estate settled with the HOA for $250,000 and the City of Chicago for $300,000.
2011, California: $80,000 Verdict. A woman walked around her HOA-owned apartment complex’s sidewalk at night. She walked in an excavated area and tripped over a piece of wood on the ground. She fell onto her knees into the concrete, twisted, and fell onto her back. The woman suffered undisclosed, but severe injuries. She sued the HOA for failing to maintain safe premises. The jury awarded a $40,000 verdict. However, the judge reduced the award to $50,850.
Posted in: Consumer Law
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healthcare-nursing-schools
Home > North Carolina > Cabarrus College of Health Sciences
Cabarrus College of Health Sciences
401 Medical Park Drive, Concord, NC
Cabarrus College is a degree granting institution specializing in health sciences. It is located on the campus of one of the part hospitals in the Carolinas Health System – the Carolinas Medical Center Northeast in Concord, North Carolina.
Cabarrus offers an Associate Degree in Nursing (AND) and a baccalaureate degree program for existing Registered Nurses to earn a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN). The ADN requires a total of 72 hours of coursework and has several prerequisites for admission, including two letters of recommendation, an essay, and a formal interview. The proximity of the Medical Center enables substantial clinical experience in multiple hospital situations. An ADN takes 2 years of full time attendance for completion at a tuition cost $5,520 per semester for a 12-16 hour course load. The Associate Degree in Nursing from Cabarrus College of Health Sciences is accredited by the ACEN (Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing). For academic years 2010 through 2012 93% of Cabarrus graduates passed the National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN) on their first attempt.
The BSN program is completed almost entirely online, with only one course requiring 3 on campus meetings. The program takes 6 semesters full-time, but part-time arrangements are available. The College offers a helpful set of tips for Distance Learning as well as an Online Readiness Assessment to ensure your compatibility with online coursework. The baccalaureate program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).
Find more information about available programs offered by Cabarrus College of Health Sciences by clicking the request information button to the right.
Health and Clinical Professions
Nursing (A, B)
Nursing Assistant (C)
Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA) (A)
Medical Assistant (A, C)
Radiologic Technology (C)
Surgical Technologist (A, C)
Pharmacy Technician (A)
Health Physics (B)
Healthcare Administration (B)
Interdisciplinary Studies (B)
The average annual "out of pocket" cost of attendance, after any grants and scholarships are considered, is around -. In order to calculate a more personalized cost check out their cost calculator here. There is also a $50 application fee for those applying to a program. Student who wish to obtain more information regarding financial aid may contact the school's financial aid office at (704) 783-3507, which has information regarding types of aid, forms and more. The tuition and financial aid figures listed show various costs that students may encounter at this school. The numbers may not be accurate due to changing factors in a given year, and are only intended to provide a guideline for students.
Undergraduate Courses - Tuition Details
The estimated tuition range is around $12,000-$14,000 per year
For part-time students, charges are between $380-$450 per unit
Required fees for full-time students: $340
Graduate Courses - Tuition Details
The estimated tuition range for graduate students is around $24,000-$29,000 per year
Per unit charges are around $740 for part time students
Other Healthcare or Nursing Schools
The list of nearby schools has been selected by researching which schools offer similar programs to Cabarrus College of Health Sciences.
Carolinas College of Health Sciences in Charlotte, NC (21 miles away)
Southeastern Institute - Charlotte in Charlotte, NC (25 miles away)
Mercy School of Nursing in Charlotte, NC (27 miles away)
Southeastern Institute - Columbia in Columbia, SC (101 miles away)
Watts School of Nursing in Durham, NC (102 miles away)
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History Suggests Players Selected in World Cup Dream Team Likely to Win a Trophy in 2018/19
Manchester City, Chelsea, Real Madrid, Atletico Madrid, Paris Saint-Germain, Juventus, Barcelona and even Tottenham Hotspur could all win a trophy in 2018/19, if recent history is to keep repeating itself and players named in the FIFA World Cup Dream Team collect silverware.
Research from LeoVegas Sport has discovered that since there have been 115 club trophies won by players named in the World Cup Dream Team during the season immediately following the tournament.
More recently, selection for the World Cup Dream Team has almost guaranteed club success the following season, with only one chosen player not winning a trophy of some kind since 2010.
That lone example from the last two World Cup Dream Teams was Angel Di Maria after he joined Manchester United in 2014 and ultimately endured a miserable post-tournament season at Old Trafford, despite what was a actually a very promising start.
Since 1998, 28 players selected for the World Cup Dream Team have immediately gone on to win a league title at club level, while Real Madrid have been the most represented club in the Dream Team over the last 20 years with as many as 11 players.
Now to dig a little deeper still beyond the initial LeoVegas research.
Those who have won at least one trophy in the season immediately after the last two World Cups include Sergio Ramos, Xavi, Andres Iniesta, Wesley Sneijder, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Diego Forlan (all 2010), James Rodriguez, Thomas Muller, Toni Kroos, David Luiz, Neymar and Lionel Messi (all 2014).
The impressive haul covers everything from the Champions League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Ligue 1, Coppa Italia, Copa del Rey, DFL Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup.
And with six-goal Golden Boot winner Harry Kane named in the 2018 Dream Team, that is very good news for Tottenham as it points to a potential first trophy since a 2008 league cup success.
It is also an omen for Chelsea in their first season under new manager Maurizio Sarri if they can keep hold Thibaut Courtois out of the clutches of Real Madrid. Manchester City could also keep their trophy trial going after Kevin de Bruyne was named in the 2018 Dream Team.
Fellow Dream Team players Marcelo, Luka Modric and Raphael Varane will all be confident of winning at least one trophy with Real Madrid this coming season – they have five chances to do it in UEFA Super Cup, FIFA Club World Cup, La Liga, Copa del Rey and Champions League.
Kylian Mbappe and Thiago Silva should win at least one trophy with PSG – the French club has won domestic trebles in three of the last four seasons, while Philippe Coutinho and Cristiano Ronaldo are well placed to collect silverware with Barça and Juve respectively.
Diego Godin of Altetico will also fancy his chances of at least one more trophy in 2018/19 after winning seven trophies in eight season with the club so far.
Previous Previous post: Real Madrid Reportedly Refuse to Pay More Than €100m for Players With Galacticos Policy Long Dead
Next Next post: Spanish Report Claims That Real Madrid Are Set to Join the Race to Sign Leicester City Defender
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Math Practice 101
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Grade 7 McGraw Hill Glencoe - Answer Keys
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Chapter 10: Statistics; Lesson 1: Make Predictions
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Guided Practice
The table shows the results of a survey of Hamilton Middle School seventh graders. Use the table to find the following probabilities.
Question 1 (request help)
the probability of choosing a career in public service
(show solution)
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the probability of choosing a career in education
the probability of choosing a career in sports
Predict how many students out of 400 will enter the education field.
Predict how many students out of 500 will enter the medical field.
Use the circle graph that shows the results of a poll to which 60,000 teens responded. Predict how many of the approximately 28 million teens in the United States would buy a music CD if they were given $20.
Building on the Essential Question When can statistics be used to gain information about a population from a sample?
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© 2021 - Math Practice 101
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Podium Success at the California 8 Hours Gives Mercedes-AMG a Double Lead in the IGTC
Finishing Positions Two, Six and 10 for Mercedes-AMG GT3s in the California 8 Hours; Buhk, Goetz and Marciello new Leaders in Intercontinental GT Challenge Driver Standings; Mercedes-AMG extends lead in Manufacturer Standings
– MONTEREY, California
After third place in the season-opening race in Bathurst, Mercedes-AMG also scored a podium finish at WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca in the second round of the Intercontinental GT Challenge (IGTC) last weekend in the California 8 Hours. The No. 999 Mercedes-AMG Team GruppeM Racing entry of Maximilian Buhk, Maximilian Goetz and Raffaele Marciello finished second in the California 8 Hours. As a result, the trio also moves up into the lead of the driver standings. In total, three Mercedes-AMG GT3s finished in the top-10 of the endurance race. With the good result, the performance and sports car brand from Affalterbach also extends its lead in the IGTC manufacturer standings.
In excellent weather and track conditions, spectators at the legendary WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca Raceway witnessed a thrilling second round of the IGTC, in which the Mercedes-AMG GT3 teams secured strong results.
The No. 999 entry of Mercedes-AMG Team GruppeM Racing had an exceptional start at the 8-hour race. From 10th place on the grid, Buhk gained five positions right away. After the first driver change, Goetz completed a faultless double stint, followed by Marciello, who drove the Mercedes-AMG GT3 up into the podium positions for the first time. As the race went on, the trio established itself among the frontrunners in the field. In the final third of the race, Goetz, Buhk and Marciello increased the pressure on the leaders more and more.
In his final double stint, finishing driver Marciello cemented second place, which he brought home after 327 laps. With this podium finish, the three Mercedes-AMG drivers now have a total of 36 points each and jointly move up into the lead of the Intercontinental GT Challenge driver standings.
With Mercedes-AMG Team GruppeM Racing’s No. 888 sister car, Maro Engel, Yelmer Buurman and Luca Stolz started from 11th place on the grid. Having gained positions in the opening stages, the trio incurred a time penalty for overtaking under yellow and lost places again. In the remainder of the race, the team worked its way back up into the top-10 but was unable to make it all the way up to the front of the 20-car field.Final driver Maro Engel eventually crossed the finish line in sixth place.
The No. 43 Strakka Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3 rounds out the triple top-10 result for Mercedes-AMG. Christina Nielsen, Dominik Baumann and Adam Christodoulou started the race from 15th place on the grid. With consistently good laps and trouble- free changes, the trio continuously moved up throughout the eight hours of the race and saw final driver Baumann completing the good result of the Mercedes-AMG GT3s in the California 8 Hours by finishing in 10th place.
Having started 12th, the No. 44 car of the Mercedes-AMG Team Strakka Racing with Gary Paffett, Tristan Vautier and Lewis Williamson had bad luck. After a good start by Paffett, defending IGTC champion Vautier moved the car up into a temporary podium position. Halfway through the race, however, a steering issue forced the team to retire.
As the best-placed Mercedes-AMG cars, the No. 999 and the No. 888 scored valuable points for the IGTC manufacturer standings. The performance and sports car brand from Affalterbach extends its lead and already has a margin of 19 points after two of five rounds.
Maximilan Buhk, Driver – No. 999 Mercedes-AMG Team GruppeM Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3: "The race was top. I made a super start, although it was a bit tight in the first two corners, but I made it through quite well. All in all, it was a very hard race without a safety car, without a single neutralization. As a result, we had to drive in a strategically clever way, which we managed. We also handled the increasing temperatures well and had the right tire management. Second place is great, but of course, we are looking at the overall situation in the championship. Therefore, the points we scored today were very important."
Maximilan Goetz, Driver – No. 999 Mercedes-AMG Team GruppeM Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3: "We are super happy with second place. It was a really close race with a very good field of drivers. Max had a mega start that was the basis for our result. We didn't make any mistakes and made it through very well. Raffaele, Max and the entire team have all done a great job. This is a huge step ahead for us in the championship."
Raffaele Marciello, Driver – No. 999 Mercedes-AMG Team GruppeM Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3: "After P3 at Bathurst, Saturday's second place is super for the championship, of course. Consistency is the key to success. We can't win every race, but when we keep going on like this, we are in a good position. In any case, today, we did everything right."
Maro Engel, Driver – No. 888 Mercedes-AMG Team GruppeM Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3: "First of all, congratulations to the number 999 sister car, they drove a great race, made it through very well and have scored valuable points. For us, things didn't run entirely flawless, the first stint already was a bit difficult.
Nevertheless, we are still quite happy with P6 in the end. We have also scored some good points, both for the manufacturer standings and for ourselves as the drivers. Thanks to everyone who has contributed to this."
Luca Stolz, Driver – No. 888 Mercedes-AMG Team GruppeM Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3: "In the opening stages, we had some issues and a penalty that cost us a better position. We certainly could have finished in the top five, a podium would have been within reach as well. We will learn from this and come back stronger. But all in all, it was a good weekend for Mercedes-AMG."
Christina Nielsen, Driver – No. 43 Strakka Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3: "This was my first race weekend for Strakka Racing together with Adam Christodoulou and Dominik Baumann. Of course, there was a lot for me to learn, but all in all, we have made good progress. We discovered where we are strong already and what we still have to work on. We can certainly build on this top-10 result. Many thanks to Mercedes-AMG for the great support."
Adam Christodoulou, Driver – No. 43 Strakka Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3: "That was a very tough weekend for us and particularly for Christina as the only silver- rated driver in a field almost entirely made up of manufacturer-supported Pro cars.
Nevertheless, we have shown our competitive spirit. We came from P15, but we were in the top-10 at the end, leaving some big names behind us. From that perspective, we are very happy."
Stefan Wendl, Head of Mercedes-AMG Customer Racing: "We are celebrating second place like a victory with both teams. That was yet another unbelievably hard race, something we know from the IGTC events meanwhile. A battle until the very last minute and at the end, we are overjoyed with being in the lead of the driver standings and having extended our lead in the manufacturer standings. That allows us to head home with a good feeling."
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HARRY CORNICK'S FIRST INTERVIEW AS A LUTON PLAYER
Watch the new signing discuss his move from Bournemouth on freeview!
Sign in to iFollow Hatters
New signing Harry Cornick spoke to iFollow Hatters after completing his move from Premier League club AFC Bournemouth for an undisclosed fee this afternoon.
The 22-year-old said that manager Nathan Jones’ enthusiasm sold the move to him – and he can’t wait to get out on the pitch to help the Town in the bid to win promotion to Sky Bet League One this season.
The man who will wear the No.14 shirt said: “It feels really good to be here. I’m excited to get started on the project and hopefully I can help Luton get promoted to League One.
“The gaffer sold it to me. He’s so enthusiastic. There is a good project at the club and I wanted to get on board and help do my bit. I can see the club really going places, so that’s the main reason I signed.”
Cornick has made one appearance for Bournemouth since joining from Non-League Christchurch in 2013, but he has enjoyed loan spells in League Two at Yeovil and Leyton Orient, as well as at League One Gillingham last year.
“I’ve been around the block really,” he said. “I’ve been on loan twice to League Two. It’s a tough league to get out of, but the squad is so strong and hopefully we can get promoted.
“I enjoyed my time at Yeovil. It was good. It was a bit of a weird one watching the game on Saturday, seeing the scoreline, which was a bit shocking. I enjoyed my time there and now I’m ready to start here and hopefully enjoy it just as much.
“As an attacking player I saw the amount of goals you scored on Saturday and I want to be a part of it. The atmosphere is good around the club, everyone is being positive and talking about the right things, so it should only lead one way.”
Asked what the Town fans can expect from the forward in terms of playing style, he replied: “I’m an attacking player. My first thought is to go forward. I want to score goals and I want to get assists and get the fans on their feet. That’s the main thing. They come here to be excited and hopefully I can excite them this year.”
On his ambitions to help the Town win promotion and how determined he is to get himself back to a higher level, the Poole-born forward said: “Massively. This season is all about the league really and going up. That’s the main aim of the club, to get promoted, and hopefully we can achieve that.”
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MATCH PREVIEW | LUTON TOWN V HULL CITY
Dan Briard
The Hatters will be hosting a Family Fun Day tomorrow as they welcome Hull City to Kenilworth Road, with Graeme Jones’ team aiming to bounce back after losing against QPR last Saturday.
There's plenty going on for the Family Fun Day which will be hosted outside the front of the Kenilworth Road End, so please make sure you get down to the ground nice and early to check it out.
The 3-2 defeat at the Kiyan Prince Foundation Stadium came after a run of three consecutive wins for the Town - beating Barnsley, Cardiff in the Carabao Cup and Huddersfield Town, which secured their first home victory of the season.
With seven points after the first seven matches of the season, Luton sit 16th in the table, whilst their counterparts Hull are below in 20th.
The Tigers have drawn their last two games in the Championship as Wigan denied them a valuable three points in their last match, with an equaliser in the 75th minute to level the game at 2-2.
Hull’s only win of the season thus far came in their first home match of the campaign, a 2-1 victory against Reading.
Contactless card payment will be available around the ground at food and drink kiosks, so please take advantage of this to speed up queuing.
GRAEME JONES SAID:
Please be aware – these quotes are taken from Graeme’s press conference on Thursday
On Harry Cornick: “I’ve been really impressed with him, he’s not a squad player, he’s not a substitute, Harry is a guy that has been a really effective player for us. I think Harry is starting to realise that his role has changed and he’s taking responsibility and getting stronger, but he still had to come off after 80 minutes because his body isn’t used to the physicality. He is getting stronger and stronger every week.”
On Grant McCann and what threat his team possesses: “I haven’t come up against Grant McCann at all but obviously Doncaster is one of my former clubs so I followed their progress and they were a challenge tactically. I watched their play-off game last season and they were really competitive with some good players.
“I’ve watched Hull in detail. I watched their last match against Wigan, watched them against Forest, and they are capable of hurting you, like every single Championship club, us included. Hopefully on Saturday they won’t and we will - and we will win the game.
“Grant knows Luton, he’s been here with Doncaster, so he’s got a bit of experience of what’s to come.”
Matthew Pennington is currently on-loan at Hull City from Everton, whom Graeme Jones was assistant at under Roberto Martinez. He is looking forward to seeing the defender again, saying: “Matty is a right-sided centre back. A really intelligent boy, really competitive and good in the air. He was at Ipswich on-loan last season and he’s a good boy Matty, I look forward to seeing him on Saturday.”
Relegated from the Premier League in 2017, Hull City are now playing their third consecutive season in the Championship. Manager Grant McCann joined the KCOM Stadium outfit in June 2019 after a successful one-year spell with Doncaster Rovers, when he led them to the play-off semi final stages.
Kick-off is 3pm at Kenilworth Road on Saturday 21st September.
Saturday’s game will by refereed by Andy Madley – who has taken charge of two games so far this campaign, dishing out seven yellow cards and one red card.
Tickets for the fixture are now sold out - but season ticket holders who can't attend the game should take advantage of our buy-back scheme. More info on that can be found by clicking here.
AWAY SUPPORTERS
If you’re a Hull City supporter making your way to Kenilworth Road tomorrow, make sure you have a read of our away supporters guide to get the most out of your trip to Luton, which you can access by clicking here.
PLAYED BEFORE?
In total the Hatters have played Hull City 39 times, defeating them 16 times, drawing eight and losing 15. The last meeting between the two sides took place at Kenilworth Road in 2007 as the Hatters fell to a narrow 2-1 defeat.
The main blow-by-blow action account of the action from Kenilworth Road will be provided via the Match Centre on the club website, which you can access by clicking here.
The main moments from the game will appear on the Hatters’ social media feeds:
Twitter – @LutonTown
Facebook – www.facebook.com/LutonTown/
Instagram – www.instagram.com/ltfc_official/
And of course Simon Pitts will be on hand to provide commentary for iFollow Hatters which you can subscribe to by clicking here.
Luton Town vs Hull City on 21 Sep 19
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Marriage, War and Living up to Napoleon: Eugène de Beauharnais
Eugène Rose de Beauharnais (Paris, France, 3rd September 1781 – Munich, Bavaria, 21st February 1824)
Eugène de Beauharnais by Andrea Appiani, 1810
We met a lady by the name of de Beauharnais just a few days ago and now it's time to meet a gentleman by the same name. We're staying in France and not straying too far from Napoleon as we say happy birthday to Eugène Rose de Beauharnais.
Eugène was the eldest child of Alexandre de Beauharnais, later to die on the revolutionary guillotine, and Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie, better known to history as the wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. When his mother and father were incarcerated during the Reign of Terror, Eugène's time was devoted to his military education, initially under General Lazare Hoche and then at the Collège Irlandais.
Eugène de Beauharnais by Henry Scheffer, 1906
Eugène first encountered Napoleon when he requested an audience to demand the return of Alexandre's sword, taken from him at his arrest. The young man was thoroughly was unimpressed with Napoleon at that meeting but the feeling was far from mutual. Impressed with Eugène's loyalty and courage, Napoleon duly saw to it that the sword was returned.
Already making a name for himself as a soldier, following his mother's marriage to Napoleon, Eugène's career improved in leaps and bounds. Although he initially disliked his new stepfather, he went on to fight alongside Napoleon in Egypt, where he was wounded at the Siege of Acre in 1799. The young man's injuries caused him to return to Paris where he found his mother and Napoleon at odds, each furious at the infidelities of the other. Proving himself a shrewd negotiator on the domestic front Eugène brought the couple back together, though their relationship would continue to be rocky.
The Marriage of Eugene de Beauharnais and Princess Augusta by Francois Guillaume Menageot
With his injuries healed, Eugène returned to active service and was given command of the Army of Italy, eventually earning himself the title of Viceroy of Italy in 1805, one in a growing pile of honours. The following year would prove eventful for our hero as he was legally adopted by Napoleon and subsequently given the title, Prince de Venise. He also married Princess Augusta of Bavaria in a union arranged between Napoleon and her father, Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, Their politically astute marriage was to mature into a contented and happy bond, with the couple eventually having seven children together.
Princess Augusta of Bavaria by Joseph Karl Stieler
Eugène proved himself a popular leader in Italy, taking an interest in the country's constitutional reform and defending his territory against Austrian forces during the 1809 War of the Fifth Coalition. It was here that he experienced his first significant defeat in battle at the Battle of Sacile. Following this failure he regrouped, returned to the strategy table and went on to win a series of victories, securing his position and reputation.
Eugène's glittering career would come to a juddering halt with the fall of Napoleon. Seeking advice from his father-in-law, Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, he retired with his family to Munich and remained there until his death, his reputation as a fearless soldier and gifted military strategist secure.
Life in the Georgian Court, true tales of 18th century royalty, is available at the links below.
Book Depository (free worldwide shipping)
Labels: Appiani (artist), Bavaria, France, Germany, Italy, Menageot (artist), Napoleon, Stieler (artist)
This chap smacks so familiar as such military geniuses as Patton, Rommel and Montgomery, all of whom were able to revise their military strategies with stunning and crushing effect. It's no mean task that he was a popular leader in Italy. They're not know for their acceptance of foreigners, let alone an imposed Viceroy!
And a Bonaparte too - albeit an adopted one!
Antoine Vanner said...
He seems to have been a genuinely good man, as well as a courageous one. His family was to marry into the Romanovs - and amazing fact when one considers that he was one of the heroes of the Retreat from Moscow in 18112!
Quite so! I do have a lot of time for him, he seems like a good chap to know.
Josefa said...
I'm not sure if the Italians truely liked him all that much. As a matter of fact they chucked him out rather violently as soon as Napoleon had abdicated. And while in English and german sources he usually has a reputation as loyal, warm-hearted and kind, in Italy he seems to be remembered mostly as a fop and a womanizer, and being way "too french", even accused of arrogance. The attitude of the French towards him seems to be rather ambivalent, too.
In Munich he was very well-loved by the popularion and by the king but he faced lots opposition frpom the nobility and particularly from the crown-prince, his brother-in-law. He's mostly forgotten now, which, in my opinion, he really does not deserve.
Thank you for that very interesting perspective; "too French" can be taken any number of ways. :-)
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From Augsburg to the Moon: Johann Matthias Hase
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The Tragic Revolutionary Romance of François Marce...
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Universally Accessible Treehouses
Forever Young Treehouses is a corporation that designs treehouses for communities, camps, and organizations with a special emphasis on accessibility for the disabled. Their treehouses are also environmentally-friendly, and incorporate existing trees into the design. Their goal is to have an accessible treehouse in every state. Forever Young's staff will scout the area, inspect the trees, make a custom design, and help to organize local financing and labor. Take a look at some of their projects.
The Pine Tree Society for individuals with disabilities operates Pine Tree Camp in Rome, Maine. Their treehouse was a community project, with donations coming from all over the state. It was built by volunteers, beginning with children who were camping at the site in September of 2007.
Six-year-old Nicholas Alexander of Belgrade was among the group of campers. The first-time camper was proud and excited to be such a special part of the treehouse. But Nicholas's involvement exceeded pounding the first nail. From the beginning of the project, Nicholas and his father, Keith, helped raise money and helped spread the word to their community. All told, Nicholas raised more than $3,000 for the Pine Tree Camp's treehouse.
The treehouse is now complete, and a ribbon-cutting ceremony will be held this spring. (image credit: Erin Rice, Pine Tree Society)
Candlelight Ranch near Austin, Texas provide nature experiences for special needs children and their families. The Candlelight Treehouse was completed in 2004, and stands 19 feet above ground. 155 feet of ramp leads to the 500 square foot play area inside. The ranchers like their treehouse so much, they are planning to build two more! The Reese Foundation won naming rights in 2007 by raising $50,000 for Candlelight Ranch. The treehouse now sports a plaque that says Reese's Treehouse, in memory of Reese Alexandra Gray who was born prematurely and died in 2006.
More treehouses in more places, after the jump.
Camp Victory in Millville, Pennsylvania was founded in 1987 to serve children with debilitating illnesses and disabilities. "Partner groups" use the site for various types of camps through the summer. The Camp Victory Treehouse designed by Forever Young opened in time for the 2007 season. It was funded and built by West Pharmaceutical Services. See a video here.
Cradle Beach in Angola, New York offers summer camps for disabled and disadvantaged children and also rents its facilities to a variety of organizations. An Amish family built their treehouse in four months in 2005.
More and more public parks are building accessible treehouses. The world's first universally accessible community treehouse was built in Oakledge Park in Burlington, Vermont in 2004. Burlington is the home base of Forever Young Treehouses. The project involved hundreds of volunteers and donors, including individuals, corporations, and organizations who came together to construct the 500 square foot treehouse, which is connected to nine living trees.
Everybody's Treehouse was completed in 2007 at Mt. Airy Forest in Cincinnnati, Ohio. Bill Allen of Forever Young talked to the New York Times about it.
Its 160-foot ramp winds among 14 trees (red and white oaks, maples and ash) as it climbs 15 feet to a 2,000-square-foot house with two asymmetrical cedar-shingle roofs that give it a Hansel-and-Gretel look. The structure is made of tongue-and-groove pine boards with an ipê-wood deck and has eight windows; most start 32 inches from the floor, an ideal height for wheelchair occupants. "For a kid in a wheelchair," Mr. Allen said, "it gives a different perspective of what the world looks like, of what a tree looks like, of what a forest looks like."
A stronge collaboration between city officials, sponsors, civic organizations, and construction crews meant this treehouse could be built in record time -only 32 days! HBA Charitable Projects kept a photoblog on the construction of the Mt. Airy Treehouse. It is described as having "one of the most whimsical and complicated roofing systems ever seen". (image credit: Jennifer Johnson)
The accessible treehouse at Nay Aug Park in Scranton, Pennsylvania is perched 150 feet above the wooded valley! The David Wenzel Tree house was built with funds from many corporate and individual donors. It was named for the former mayor of Scranton who lost both legs and his left hand in the Vietnam War. Wenzel worked to promote accessibility in Scranton as mayor, and nationwide as a member of the National Council of Disability. See a video of the treehouse here.
In 2002, Forever Young built a private treehouse for James, a wheelchair-bound 6th grader who was referred by the Vermont chapter of the Make-A-Wish Foundation. Local businesses donated materials. The finished house sits 22 feet above the ground and can sleep two. Furnished with a wood stove, it can be used year-round.
Find out more about building an accessible treehouse in your community at Forever Young.
architecture Miss Cellania
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John Coltrane, 101
Gary Moskowitz
I love jazz biographies as much as the next music nerd, but Ben Ratliff’s latest book on jazz giant John Coltrane, Coltrane: The Story of a Sound, transcends typical expectations of a biography. It documents how one of the most famous and revered jazz musicians of all time actually developed his sound, style, and technique.
Coltrane, in the hands of this New York Times music critic, is a man constantly searching—and practicing—and pushing himself to the next level musically. He’s also a music theory-obsessed saxophonist that people didn’t always know what to make of, but he was consistently invited to play anyway; and repeatedly blew people away with his power and tenacity.
The first-person accounts given by fellow musicians, friends, peers and admirers are the charm of the book. French-horn player David Amram recalls Coltrane sitting outside of a club, eating a piece of pie and talking about Einstein’s theory of relativity. Testimonies from rock musicians help contextualize Coltrane’s influence outside of New York’s jazz clubs. The Stooges’ singer Iggy Pop, known for his wild physicality on stage, explains “What I heard John Coltrane do with his horn, I tried to do physically.” Mike Watt, bassist for the post-punk band The Minutemen, says “[Coltrane] didn’t want to get fuckin’ nailed down. That’s the anarchistic spirit.”
In short, it takes Ratcliff 200 pages to describe how an amazing, controversial jazz man worked to transform himself and the instrument he played, and as a result, challenged what people thought (and still think) jazz music should sound like.
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Dan Spinelli
Joaquin Sapien and Joshua Kaplan
These 10 Billionaires Went All-In Trying to Get Donald Trump Reelected
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Mr. Dowling's Message to Students
The Gift of the Nile
Posted on May 1, 2018 July 12, 2018 by innovative
Home » The Gift of the Nile
Ancient Egypt: The Gift of the Nile
Like a giant snake, the Nile River slithers through some of the driest desert land on earth to create a narrow green valley. The ancient Greeks called this land Egypt. For more than five thousand years, famous and often mysterious civilizations thrived along the banks of the Nile. About 450BCE, a Greek historian named Herodotus called Egypt the “Gift of the Nile" because the Egyptian civilization depended on the resources of the great river.
Every spring, the snow on the mountains of East Africa melted, sending a torrent of water that overflowed the banks of the Nile and flooded the river valley. The rushing river picked up bits of soil and plant life called silt. As the annual flood receded, a strip of black topsoil emerged every year along the banks of the Nile. The silt was rich in nutrients, and it provided the people of Egypt with two or three crops every year.
The Nile made it possible for the people of ancient Egypt to form the first nation in history. A nation may refer to a community of people who share a common language, culture, ethnic background or history. The land beyond the Nile River Valley is the Sahara Desert. A desert is land that receives less than ten inches of rain in a typical year. Since it is nearly impossible to grow much food in the desert, few people lived far from the banks of the Nile. Giant boulders blocked the Nile and formed a natural border at the southern Egyptian city of Aswan. The Nile flows into the vast Mediterranean Sea, which formed Egypt’s border to the north. Egypt’s isolation led to its unification. People living along the banks of the Nile River spoke the same language and worshipped many of the same gods more than five thousand years ago.
The Nile no longer overflows its banks because modern Egyptians built a huge dam in Aswan. Since 1970, the Aswan High Dam has held back the water that annually flooded the banks of the Nile River. The dam also provides a reliable flow of water for Egyptian farmers in the dry season. The people of Egypt are now able to convert the predictable flow of the Nile into electricity. The Aswan High Dam initially provided electricity to more than half of the villages along the Nile. The population of Egypt has grown since then, but the Aswan High Dam still contributes about fifteen percent of Egypt’s electricity. Unlike oil, the flowing water is renewable, which means that the river will not run out. Ancient and modern civilizations have relied on the mighty river, proving that Egypt truly is the “Gift of the Nile."
Download this lesson as Microsoft Word file or as an Adobe Acrobat file.
Listen as Mr. Dowling reads this lesson.
View the Powerpoint Presentation of this lesson.
Listen as Mr. Dowling reads this lesson
Lexile Measure 1140L
Mean Sentence Length 17.88
Mean Log Word Frequency 3.43
Mr. Donn has an excellent website that includes a section on Ancient Egypt.
The 4,258 mile Nile River is considered by many people to be the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.
Herodotus (c. 484BCE–c. 425BCE), was is often referred to as “The Father of History.” Prior to the fifth century BCE, stories of the past were based on myths and legends, but Herodotus invented the systematic, thorough study of the past that attempted to explain the causes of events.
This entry was posted in Ancient Egypt. Bookmark the permalink.
Next: Isis, Osiris, and the Egyptian Afterlife
Discover More about Ancient Egypt at mrdowling.com
Isis, Osiris, and the Egyptian Afterlife
The Egyptian Pyramids
The Pharaoh
Egypt After the Pharaohs
Ancient Egypt Teaching Resources
Interactive Quiz on Ancient Egypt
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Ruth Orkin
Ruth Orkin was an award-winning photojournalist and filmmaker. She was the only child of Mary Ruby, a silent-film actress, and Samuel Orkin, a manufacturer of toy boats called Orkin Craft. She grew up in Hollywood in the heyday of the 1920s and 1930s. At the age of 10, she received her first camera, a 39 cent Univex. She began by photographing her friends and teachers at school. At 17 years old she took a monumental bicycle trip across the United States from Los Angeles to New York City to see the 1939 World's Fair, and she photographed along the way.
Orkin moved to New York in 1943, where she worked as a nightclub photographer and shot baby pictures by day to buy her first professional camera. She worked for all the major magazines in 1940s, and also went to Tanglewood during the summers to shoot rehearsals. She ended up with many of the worlds' greatest musicians of the time including Leonard Bernstein, Isaac Stern, Aaron Copland, Jascha Heifitz, Serge Koussevitzky and many others.
In 1951, LIFE magazine sent her to Israel with the Israeli Philharmonic. Orkin then went to Italy, and it was in Florence where she met Nina Lee Craig, an art student and fellow American, who became the subject of "American Girl in Italy." The photograph was part of a series originally titled "Don't Be Afraid to Travel Alone" about what they encountered as women traveling alone in Europe after the war.
On her return to New York, Orkin married the photographer and filmmaker Morris Engel. Together they produced two feature films, including the classic "Little Fugitive" which was nominated for an Academy Award in 1953. From their New York apartment overlooking Central Park, Orkin photographed marathons, parades, concerts, demonstrations, and the beauty of the changing seasons. These photographs were the subject of two widely acclaimed books, "A World Through My Window" and "More Pictures From My Window." After a long struggle with cancer, Orkin passed away in her apartment, surrounded by her wonderful legacy of photographs with the view of Central Park outside her window.
Enquire about Ruth Orkin
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Posted on May 9, 2019 by Gallipolis Daily Tribune
Spring Valley annexation questions clarified
Gallipolis City Commission typically meets the first and third Tuesdays of the month at 6 p.m. at 333 Third Avenue in the Gallipolis Municipal Building.
GALLIPOLIS — Gallipolis City Commission answered recent questions Tuesday with letters delivered to individuals living both in and around town and how the potential annexation of the Spring Valley effect could affect them.
City Commissioner Cody Caldwell addressed comments he had seen on the internet in regards to recent information published about the potential annexation of Spring Valley.
“If you’ve ever been on the internet much, they always say don’t read the comments. It’s usually not a good idea,” said Caldwell. “Well I read some of the comments. They weren’t bad but just kind of showed there are a lot of misconceptions about county government versus city government and what the city is and its status…I just want to clear some of those things up.”
A quarter of a percent sales tax increase was approved in January by Gallia County Commissioners which took effect in April due to emergency concerns with the county general fund in regard to the opioid epidemic. Gallipolis City Commission only oversees the municipality of Gallipolis. County commissioners hold authority across the breadth of the county. Some issues in Gallipolis are overlapped by the legislation of the county, but the municipality of Gallipolis is also allowed to make its own ordinances which hold no tie to the rest of the county. As an example, one is not allowed to own variations of the pit bull breed under Gallipolis ordinances. The rest of the county is not subject to the law. Sales tax revenue goes to the county and the state. The city sees no sales tax revenue. However, everyone buying items under the sales tax law in Gallia County is subject to the sales tax increase. The city does, however, have a one percent income tax it lays on individuals living in the city or those who work in the city. Those who receive retirement income or social security income are not subject to paying the income tax.
Gallipolis is called a city because its founding documents dubbed it as thus. According to population though, it is considered a village in the eyes of federal and state government. Gallipolis being called ‘“the city” because it serves as the county seat of government has also become somewhat of a local saying.
“I would encourage people to contact us and let us know their concerns that way we can adapt ordinances to maybe help accommodate things,” said Commissioner Beau Sang. “I know various towns throughout the state that have multiple different zones. We could have a residential zone one or a residential zone two, a commercial zone one. We can do that, I think, obviously with a variety of us here to figure that out. These are the things we need to know before we go out and say here’s what we’re going to do and this is the way it’s going to be. We want to work with the people and show them there are benefits to (being annexed)…You should come to us with your concerns.”
Sang said there was a potential for holding public town hall and forum meetings to discuss and answer questions for individuals with concerns.
According to City Manager Gene Greene, Gallipolis water access extends out as far as Mitchell Road in connection with Jackson Pike and properties there may be considered for annexation. Individuals receiving letters referencing annexation may not all be on the list for potential annexation but are being informed that nearby areas are being considered for the action. Greene emphasized the only area being considered for annexation was the Spring Valley area. Much of what is informally called Spring Valley by area residents is recognized as the shopping plazas, businesses, organizations and homes along Jackson Pike and its connecting streets.
According to Sang, the reason the letter was sent to area residents was to make sure “they didn’t miss anyone” when informing them about the process. Those who will be considered for annexation will reportedly have a petition brought before them asking for signatures. From the day of the first signature on the petition, Gallipolis has six months to get 51 percent of property owners to sign it in favor of joining annexation.
“These are the types of questions we can discuss better in a forum,” said Sang.
”I think people think we are just after the dollar when in reality we are trying to make the dollar we’re already getting from them more flexible for the city,” said Sang in a brief electronic correspondence. “I am not sure a lot of people understand that money collected for water and sewage (legally) has to be used within those enterprises.”
Money put into the city general fund allows the city to utilize it in other departments. Money collected by the city sewer and water departments can only be used for sewer and water concerns regarding the city and its customers.
On a flyer the city has been mailing out, benefits it lists to join the city say it will not cost anything to those receiving retirement, social security or disability income. It ensures coverage of emergency services and is critical to maintain the infrastructure of Gallipolis, says the flier. Residents and businesses within city limits will reportedly pay roughly 80 percent less for water and sewer services. They also have access to trash pickup, street cleaning and leaf and snow removal services. Being a part of Gallipolis also grants one the opportunity to hold an office as a city commissioner if elected.
Costs to joining Gallipolis include paying a one percent income tax. Residents in certain townships may pay additional property taxes and an annual permissive license tax of $20 per vehicle which goes to maintaining city roads and repair.
The flier claims area residents outside city limits are paying $5 to $10 more on trash pickup per month. Natural gas and electricity aggregation plans within Gallipolis reportedly save residents around $24 a month. Estimates are made on a predicted number of individuals making around $50,000 a year which was reportedly derived from median wage estimates in the county. City information claims that individuals living within newly annexed city limits can save between roughly $20 to $70 a year, whether they live in Green, Gallipolis or Springfield Townships with those figures being based upon additional income and property taxes but offset by savings in utilities.
Overall, citizens are encouraged to call or email Gallipolis officials with their questions as individual situations can differ. For more information, visit www.cityofgallipolis.com.
Dean Wright can be reached at 740-446-2342, ext. 2103.
https://www.mydailytribune.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2019/05/web1_DSC_1263-2.jpgGallipolis City Commission typically meets the first and third Tuesdays of the month at 6 p.m. at 333 Third Avenue in the Gallipolis Municipal Building. Courtesy photo
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: Spring Valley annexation questions clarified. Here is a link to that story: http://www.mydailytribune.com/top-stories/39975/spring-valley-annexation-questions-clarified
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Filter Regulator combination
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FRCLM159334,Janatics,Modular,FRCLM-1/2"NPT(40Micron,10bar),Filter Regulator Combination Lubricator Modular,Polycarbonate,Manual Drain,0.5 - 10 Bar
Note: The above product photo is common for all its variants. The model no mentioned on the product sticker is for representation purpose only. All the physical dimensions remain same for all the variants of a particular size.
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Milan Is Getting a Starbucks and Italians Hate It
"If anybody buys Starbucks in Italy they should be immediately deported."
Credit: Zhang Peng/Getty Images
Starbucks’ executive chairman Howard Schultz has always said that a trip to Milan gave him the idea for the direction he took the chain. So it was inevitable that, as a part of the brand’s continual march toward a complete global takeover, a Starbucks would eventually open in the city that inspired it all.
Now, after nearly two years of talk, Starbucks’ first foray into Italy has a firm launch date—or at least as firm as a month and year: a 25,000-square-foot Starbucks Roastery located in a historic post office not far from the Milan Cathedral is slated to open in September of this year. It represents a significant change of plans from Schultz’s original proposal back in 2016, which was that stores would begin to pop up in early 2017. News of this massive Roastery—Starbucks’ fifth in the world—wasn’t announced until last February.
However, one thing has remained consistent since that first announcement back in 2016: Italians general hatred for the idea of Starbucks encroaching on their cafe culture with its own coopted version of their cafe culture. After news broke of the official opening date on Monday, the English language Italian site The Local Italy turned to its Facebook followers to test the temperature in the room with a poll asking whether the new Starbucks would be welcome. By an overwhelming margin—87 percent of the over 500 people that responded—the answer was “No, thanks.” (And keep in mind, as an English language site, you’d think they might have plenty of Starbucks sympathizing expats.)
Despite the negative sentiment, some commenters on the poll did point out that, coffee aside, Starbucks is a different beast entirely from a traditional Italian cafe. “You people are missing the point,” wrote one Facebook user. “SB is successful not because the coffee.... it’s because the efficiency, customer service, comfortable interior, air conditioning, good WiFi, and clean restrooms. Italy shouldn’t be so insecure, the Italian espresso is still king... but they can learn from the aforementioned items.”
Granted, he makes a good argument, but let’s be honest, the real point in all of this is that it’s just a chance to vent and crack some jokes at Starbucks’ expense. “If anybody buys Starbucks in Italy they should be immediately deported,” someone wrote along those lines on Twitter. It’s a funny sentiment… though the odds of getting that law passed are about as bad as keeping Starbucks out of Italy forever.
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Royal Holloway, University of London International Study Centre
Royal Holloway, University of London is a top 20 UK university*, one of the UK’s leading research-intensive universities**, and home to some of the world’s leading experts in the sciences, arts, business, economics and law.
Its teachers and researchers change lives, expand minds and help current and future leaders understand power and responsibility. The university consistently ranks highly for student satisfaction and in the latest independent survey of third-year undergraduate students (NSS, 2018), Royal Holloway scored 88% in overall satisfaction.
The university has been ranked highly in the UK for international outlook. They welcome students and academics who travel from all over the world to study and work here, ensuring an international and multi-cultural perspective within a close-knit and historic campus.
Royal Holloway, University of London, has its roots in two pioneering colleges for women, Royal Holloway College and Bedford College. Social reformer Elizabeth Jesser Reid founded Bedford College in 1849 while Royal Holloway was founded by Victorian entrepreneur and philanthropist Thomas Holloway, and opened by Queen Victoria in 1886. The colleges became part of the University of London in 1900 and after becoming co-educational in 1965 the two colleges merged in 1985 to become Royal Holloway, University of London.
The university is set on a 135 acre campus, which is located in Egham, Surrey, 40 minutes south west of central London and just 7 miles from Heathrow airport.
A state-of-the-art library at the heart of the campus offers more than 1,250 study seats and different zones to accommodate every type of study: silent, social, creative and collaborative. As well as the library, students can study in the original and historic Victorian Reading Room in the Founder's Building and also have access to all the other libraries within the University of London, including Senate House Library, in central London.
*(The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide, 2020)
**The university was ranked within the top 25% of universities in the UK for research rated ‘world-leading’ or ‘internationally excellent' in the most recent Research Excellence Framework, 2014.
British education, global opportunities
Royal Holloway is situated on a beautiful campus location just 40 minutes from London, giving international students the benefits of out-of-town living while they study for an internationally recognised University of London degree. Study Group works with Royal Holloway, using our unique global reach to attract students from all over the world. We run the International Study Centre on behalf of the college, helping international students attain the academic, English language and study skills they need to progress to their chosen degree.
Transformational learning
The International Study Centre provides academic tuition and language support for international students who do not yet reach the requirements for direct entry to a Royal Holloway undergraduate or postgraduate degree. At the International Study Centre, students will be introduced to the style of teaching that they will continue with when they progress onto their degree. Students will experience small-group and individual tutorials, seminar-style classes and larger-group lectures whilst studying one of the following programmes:
International Foundation Year
•Arts and Social Sciences
•Management and Economics
•Sciences
International Year One
•Business and Management
•Computer Science
•Economics
•Electronic Engineering
Pre-Masters Programme
•Computer Science and Electronic Engineering
•Social Sciences
The International Study Centre staff work closely with students to choose their degree programme, advising on academic requirements, career opportunities and suitable subjects to achieve their goals.
The International Study Centre also offers an English Language Preparation or English for Pre-Masters courses for students whose English language level just falls below the entry requirement for their undergraduate or postgraduate programme.
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Pages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 9193 result(s) returned
1.2 Grasping Gaelic
Please read the following poems by Sorley MacLean (linked below): ‘The Turmoil’, ‘Kinloch Ainort’, ‘Heroes’, ‘Death Valley’, ‘A Spring’, and ‘She to Whom I Gave…’. Some of the poems have both Gaelic
10 Hold that space!
The caesura is the stress which falls at a moment of silence. It's the equivalent of a musical rest and is usually delineated by punctuation. Composers and poets recognise the importance of the space between notes.
The house that Jack or Jill might build
We know that poems
are made of lines
and lines need line-
breaks,
which we've already discussed.
As we have seen, scansion is the act of mapping out stress patterns in order to ascertain the metre (rhythm). In the accentual-syllabic system, the dominant tradition in English, both accents (stresses) and syllables are measured and counted. In accentual metre, the stresses are counted and the syllables can vary. In syllabic metre, the syllables are counted, while the stresses can vary.
Here is pentameter, the line of f
5.4 Tercets
The following poem is written in tercets.
There's no one here at the moment
It happens once, in his absence.
The bright hall rings, rings and, mid-ring,
clicks back over into silence.
It leaves two isolated sighs,
hers, momentarily frozen
before an ocean of blank space
that by nightfall he'll come across
and save against the backdrop of
5.3 Stanzas and verse
The poem ‘The literal and the metaphor’, which you read in Section 5.1, was divided into two sections. We call these verses or stanzas, and they are the poetic equivalent of paragraphs, but with more shape, weight and focus than the prose equivalent. Stanzas are like islands encircled by shores. Or,
1 What is poetry?: an introduction
Poems, unlike crosswords, don't have a straightforward solution. In fact, a careful examination of the clues laid by the poet may lead to more questions than answers. Let's start this unit, then, with a question: is poetry simply about expressing feelings? People do turn to poetry in extremis. Prison inmates, often famously, have expressed loneliness and communicated with absent loved ones through poetry. Maybe this accounts for the egalitarian view often held of poetry – a view which doesn
This unit introduces common techniques underlying free verse and traditional forms of poetry, and how it is necessary to use these techniques in order to harness what T.S. Eliot called the ‘logic of the imagination’ (Eliot, 1975, p. 77). We discuss the possibility of using your own experience, but also the power of imagination, and of utilising different personae in your poems. You are also introduced to the basic terminology and practical elements of poetry – the line, line-breaks, sta
2.9.2 Searle's objection
In ‘What is a speech act?’, John Searle introduces a memorable example of an utterance in which Grice's conditions are all met for it to mean one thing, but where the words used suggest that the utterance means something quite different, if it means anything at all. The conclusion Searle invites us to draw is that what our utterances mean is not exhausted by the speaker's intentions alone. An additional consideration is the meaning of the expressions used. If they don't match the intentio
By the end of this section you should be able to:
read closely – analyse a passage from the play;
examine genre – what kind of play is Doctor Faustus?
consider themes – what are the main themes or issues explored in the play?
read historically – what are some of the connections between Doctor Faustus and the historical period in which it was written?
read biographically – what, if any, ins
This unit is on Christopher Marlowe's famous play Doctor Faustus. It considers the play in relation to Marlowe's own reputation as a rule-breaker and outsider and asks whether the play criticises or seeks to arouse audience sympathy for its protagonist, who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for 24 years of power and pleasure. Is this pioneering drama a medieval morality play or a tragedy?
This unit is an adapted extract from the Open University courseAuthor(s): The Open University
This unit was written by Dr Debbie Brunton
Except for third party materials and otherwise stated (see terms and conditions), this content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Licence
Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to reprod
9 The factory reform movement
Owen's participation in the movement for factory reform was clearly much influenced by views expressed in the essays. This showed his continuing concern, first evidenced in Manchester, about the impact of industrialisation on society, a theme to which he consistently returned. His personal record on the employment of children at New Lanark was certainly an example of good practice in the cotton industry, which in Owen's words was invariably ‘destructive of health, morals, and social comfort
7 New Lanark as showpiece and text
Owen's partnership of 1814, consisting of Bentham and other enlightened individuals, mainly wealthy Quakers, paved the way for the rapid implementation of the innovations spelled out in the Statement of 1812 and subsequently in the essays. Two of the partners, William Allen (1770–1843), a chemist and businessman, and the wealthy and philanthropic John Walker (1767–1824), Owen's closest associate, were interested in education and had encouraged the establishment of schools adopting
4.4 Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society and Board of Health
In the meantime Owen joined the town's social and intellectual elite, which like its politics was largely dominated by Dissenters. They were prominent in the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society which Owen joined in 1793. There he associated with some significant reformers, heard papers on a wide range of intellectual, industrial and social topics, and himself presented papers dealing with such issues, including one on education.
The society was founded in 1781, the co-founders b
4.3 Business and enlightenment: Manchester 1789–99
Manchester's dynamic business environment, particularly that of the new cotton industry, presented many opportunities for enterprise, even to those with modest capital. By 1790 Owen had joined John Jones, probably another Welshman, making spinning machinery. The next logical move was into cotton spinning itself, and very quickly Owen had established a reputation as a manufacturer of fine yarn, selling as far afield as London and Scotland. When in 1792 one of the town's leading merchant capita
By the end of this unit you should be able to understand:
the Enlightenment ideas that underpinned Robert Owen's social reform agenda;
how Owen's background and experience at New Lanark fed through into his thinking in the essays in A New View of Society;
the main proposals in the essays;
New Lanark's role as a model for social reform during this period.
Robert Owen (1771–1858) (see Figure 1) was one of the most important and controversial figures of his generation. He lived through the ages of Enlightenment and Romanticism and was personally touched by the ideas and dramatic changes that characterised that era. Profiting enormously during the first half of his life from the prog
This unit was written by "Dr Mary-Catherine Garden (Battlefields) and Dr Rodney Harrison (Old and New Towns of Edinburgh)"
Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission:
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 © Mary-Catherine Garden
Figures 5, 6 and 7 © Tim Benton.
2.7 Conclusion: Culloden in its wider context
Moving back out to look at Culloden in its wider context, what can we say that we have learned about the site and its meanings? For international visitors with few or no connections to the battle or to Scotland, it appears to be a site of pilgrimage that is functioning as a place to begin to decode the Scottish identity and the Scottish nation. At home, the major narrative of Culloden for Scots for more than two centuries has been one of tragedy, grief and loss. Once a signifier for the state
5.4 Hutton's geology: The Jedburgh unconformity
One concrete example from the Theory of the Earth will perhaps indicate the way in which Hutton could read features of the landscape as evidence of the action of forces acting over immeasurably long periods. He had been geologising in the valley of Jed Water, near Jedburgh, in the Borders area between England and Scotland. From his observations in the neighbouring Teviot valley, he expected the Jed to be running over a bed of horizontally laid, soft strata which were sometimes exposed
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Writing Room: Reworking Writing Prompt »
« Book Haul: September (So Far…)
Author Interview: Ben Fergusson
Published September 15, 2015 | By Laura
Hi Ben. Thank you for joining us. Can you tell us a little about your book, The Spring of Kasper Meier and how the idea originated?
The Spring of Kasper Meier is a novel about a black-market trader, Kasper Meier, who is just about surviving in the ruins of post-war Berlin. He is blackmailed by a young rubble woman, Eva Hirsch, and the novel follows the twists and turns of that blackmail, but also the uncomfortable friendship that develops from it.
The idea came from two places mainly. I’d already had the idea of a Kasper-like character for a Chandler-esque novel some years earlier that didn’t quite work out. Then I moved to Berlin about 6 years ago, and while living there became very inspired by the city and its history. The two things came together and I had the idea of this first scene with Kasper and Eva. It all grew from there.
If you could travel anywhere in history, where would you go and why?
I suppose Ancient Rome in its heyday. I never quite got over going to the Forum when I was a kid; the everyday life of the city seemed so tangible.
Are you a planner and do you edit as you go?
I do plan, but I do have to write to make sense of where the novel is going. This means that I write a lot that gets not used. I will often write myself into a cul-de-sac plot-wise, discover what’s wrong and then have to go back 50 pages and start again. I would love to be able to plan it all in an Excel sheet and then write it all out in one go, but that just doesn’t seem to work for me.
Do you have any writing rituals?
I have a day job, so I don’t really have the luxury to have rituals. I just squeeze in the writing around it in any way I can.
Who would you invite to a fantasy dinner party?
I would have all of the Beats – Kerouac, Ginsberg, Cassady – and we would get plastered.
Which fictional character would you like to meet and why?
I think Anna Karenina would be pretty fun. I just think we’d get on. We’d drink a lot of vodka, talk about her problems – I think it would have all worked out better for her if I’d been around.
Other than being a writer, which other profession would you like to try and why?
I already have another profession – I work at the Hayward Gallery as the Art Publisher there and have worked in the visual arts since I graduated.
If I was going to try something completely different, it would either be something else creative, like a painter, or, if not creative, a doctor, because that’s what half my family do and I quite like the doctor role – the combination of caring person and know-it-all suits me well.
Little Brown, July 2014.
Could you write a few lines on the importance of research when writing with a historical theme?
The most of important part of doing your research is simply making sure that you can create a completely convincing world for your reader. But you also need to use it very carefully. The moment you reveal your research too much and the reader starts thinking, that’s an interesting bit of information, then they’re out of the story and thinking about something else.
Out of all the books you’ve ever read, which three have made the most impact on you? Is there a particular author you love?
It would be a top three that would change everyday you asked me, but impact wise I would probably say: Richard Yates,Cold Spring Harbour, Katharine Mansfield, The Complete Stories and Truman Capote, In Cold Blood
There are lots of authors I love, but I’d probably name Richard Yates as the one I love most. Capote and Mansfield could fight for the honour though – Mansfield’s the only writer that made me cry.
Are you working on anything at the moment that you can tell us about?
Yes, I’m working on a novel set around the First World War in Germany. It follows a young woman, Ingrid Kleidmann, whose sister married into an aristocratic family before the war, but then died in mysterious circumstances. Ingrid has to return to her sister’s lake house in Brandenburg after the war and discovers the aristocratic world her sister married into crumbling after the German Revolution and, because of this, the secrets around her death and her family beginning to be revealed.
Five tips for new writers?
1 – Stop worrying, start writing – literally start writing now
2 – Read books by writers who are better than you
3 – Keep going, even when you’ve been rejected many times
4 – Write the book you would want to buy
5 – If you’re getting bored writing it, no one will want to read it
Favourite and least favourite word?
‘Belly’ is a good word. Least favourite word would be something like ‘guestimate’ – it’s the most annoying portmanteau, because it uses two synonyms to create a new word that also means the same thing as the two words it’s made of. And it’s longer than both original words – it is idiotic.
About Ben:
Ben Fergusson is a writer, editor and translator. Born in Southampton in 1980, he studied English Literature at Warwick University and Modern Languages at Bristol University, and has worked for ten years as an editor and publisher in the art world.
His short fiction has appeared in publications in both the UK and the US and has won and been shortlisted for a range of prizes, including the 2010 Bridport Prize. From 2009-2010 he edited the literary journal Chroma and since 2013 has been the editor of the short story magazine Oval Short Fiction. Currently based in London, his first novel, The Spring of Kasper Meier, was written during a four-year period living and working in Berlin.
For more information about Ben, visit http://www.benfergusson.com
The Spring of Kasper Meier is available from most major bookshops or click to view at The Book Depository.
NK Chats To… Murray Bailey
NK Chats To… Laura Briggs
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Abertarff House
The oldest house in Inverness and important example of 16th-century domestic architecture
This property is currently closed
Built in 1593, the oldest house in Inverness has witnessed the Covenanting times, Jacobite risings and two world wars - if only the walls could talk!
Discover more about the story of Inverness in the 1600s in our free exhibition.
Take a break from the hustle and bustle of Inverness in the calm of our pocket-size garden.
Staff and volunteers are on hand to help you find out more about the Highland places in the Trust’s care.
Your support for our heritage is more important than ever.
Built in 1593, Abertarff is the oldest house in Inverness. Tucked away on Church Street, it’s a 2½ storey town house with a projecting turnpike stairway. It was owned briefly by the Fraser of Lovat family, whose clansmen fought on the Jacobite side at the Battle of Culloden.
Eventually the Commercial Bank of Scotland acquired Abertarff House in the 19th century, but after being split up for housing the site fell into disrepair. It was gifted to the National Trust for Scotland in 1963, and the building was restored by the Trust in 1966.
Over the past 50 years Abertarff House has been used for many things including the headquarters for An Comunn Gàidhealach (The Gaelic Association), a shop and the Trust’s regional headquarters.
The Loch Ness Marathon
Take part in one of the most scenic marathons in the world and help us to protect Scotland’s natural and built heritage.
Brightening your garden with Brodie’s daffodil heritage
At number 94 on our 100 Ways list is giving people the chance to plant a piece of horticultural heritage in their own gardens by making bulbs from the Brodie daffodil collection available for sale to the public.
Time travel at Abertarff House
At number 64 on our 100 Ways list we’re giving people the chance to experience Inverness’s oldest secular building.
Culloden
Powerfully emotive and atmospheric battlefield where the 1745 Jacobite Rising came to a tragic end
Hugh Miller’s Birthplace
Humble abode of inspirational geologist, folklorist and fossil hunter with a Garden of Wonders.
Thomas Carlyle’s Birthplace
Childhood home of one of Britain’s most influential thinkers
Moirlanich Longhouse
Beautifully conserved cottage giving unique insight into rural family life in 19th-century Scotland
Barry Mill
This working water-powered mill is a rare example of Scotland’s industrial heritage.
Weaver’s Cottage
Atmospheric cottage and hands-on museum where the traditional weaver’s craft comes to life
See more Homes & Work
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Trending publication
Practical Insights on Tax Reform: Impact on Exempt Organizations
03.27.2018 | Legal Advisory
On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law legislation, known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which is the most extensive overhaul of the United States Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) in 30 years. In December, we issued a general advisory outlining the major changes to the tax code made by TCJA. This advisory focuses on the provisions of TCJA that affect tax exempt organizations and donors to charitable organizations. Unless otherwise noted, the changes described below are effective for taxable years beginning on or after December 31, 2017.
Changes to Calculation of Unrelated Business Income Tax
Rate reduction. Tax exempt organizations are, generally speaking, exempt from income tax on income that is generated in the course of performing the organization’s exempt mission and on certain passive income sources such as royalties, rental income from real property, interest, dividends, and capital gain. A major hallmark of this tax reform legislation is the reduction in the corporate income tax rate from a maximum 35% rate to a flat 21% rate, and the elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”). This reduced rate and elimination of AMT also applies to the Unrelated Business Taxable Income (“UBTI”) of nonprofit corporations. For exempt organizations operating as trusts, the new graduated rates applicable to individuals apply, bringing the top 39.6% rate down to 37%.
Calculation of UBIT on Activity-by-Activity Basis. Prior to the enactment of TCJA, exempt organizations calculated UBTI on an aggregate basis. Accordingly, if an exempt organization was engaged in multiple and varying unrelated trades or businesses, the unrelated expenses of one activity offset the unrelated income of another activity. Now, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, income and losses only may be netted against each other if such tax items are generated from the same line of business. UBIT must be calculated separately for each separate trade or business conducted by an exempt organization.
The biggest challenge with this provision is where to draw the line in determining what constitutes a separate trade or line of business. For example, if an organization has invested in multiple partnerships for investment purposes, it is unclear whether or not each investment is a separate trade or business or whether investment activity generally is one line of business. The Department of Treasury issued, on February 7, 2018, an update of its Priority Guidance Plan for the year spanning July 1, 2017 through June 30, 2018 (the “Priority Guidance Plan”). This most recent version of the Priority Guidance Plan contains a list of items of guidance relating to TCJA that the IRS and Treasury plan to issue by June 30, 2018. That Priority Guidance Plan indicates that the IRS and Treasury plan to issue guidance with respect to section 512(a)(6) by June 30, 2018.
With regard to the effective date, note that loss carryovers from taxable years prior to January 1, 2018 may still be used to offset UBTI on an aggregate basis. Also note that, for organizations that use a tax year other than the calendar year, this provision is effective for taxable years that begin on the first date of the fiscal year that begins after December 31, 2017. So, these provisions do not apply to an organization with a June 30 or September 30 fiscal year end until July 1, 2018 and October 1, respectively.
Creation of UBIT Due to Changes in Treatment of Certain Fringe Benefits
New section 274(l) of the Code precludes employers from taking a deduction for “any expense incurred for providing transportation, or any payment or reimbursement, to an employee [] in connection with travel between the employee’s residence and place of employment, except as necessary for ensuring the safety of the employee.” If an exempt organization provides company vehicles to employees in connection with an unrelated trade or business, the organization is not allowed to deduct its related expenses against the income generated by the activity. If, however, the expense of providing company vehicles to employees is party of a related activity, the organization will have UBIT to the extent of such expense.
New section 512(a)(7) of the Code increases UBTI by any amount paid or incurred by an organization for which a deduction is disallowed by the newly revised section 274. While new section 512(a)(7) suggests that revised section 274 disallows deductions for qualified transportation fringe benefits, any parking facility used in connection with qualified parking fringe benefits, and any on-premises athletic facility, on its face, section 274 currently only disallows deductions for qualified transportation fringes. As a result, it appears that organizations will not be required to increase UBTI for amounts paid or incurred with respect to parking facilities or on-premises athletic facilities absent further guidance. The disallowed deduction is not UBTI, however, if it is incurred directly in connection with an unrelated trade or business regularly carried on by the organization – i.e., if the activity already is subject to UBTI. These provisions are effective for payments made after December 31, 2017, regardless of the exempt organization’s tax year. The statute authorizes the issuance of regulations or other guidance to help with the implementation of this rule, but this provision is not listed on the Priority Guidance Plan.
Imposition of New Excise Tax on Excessive Compensation
TCJA adds new section 4960, which imposes an excise tax of 21% on (i) remuneration in excess of $1 million paid by “an applicable tax exempt organization” to a “covered employee”, and (ii) certain “excess parachute payments” paid to “covered employees” upon a separation of service. In each case, the tax is payable by the organization, not the employee. The two provisions operate independently, so the excise tax may be imposed on an excess parachute payment even if the covered employee’s remuneration does not exceed the $1 million threshold amount. As background, the Code historically has limited the deductibility of compensation paid to certain executives of a (x) publicly-held for-profit corporation in excess of $1 million, or (y) for-profit corporation in connection with a change in control. New section 4960 is intended to create parity between the for-profit and exempt sectors.
Under new section 4960, “covered employee” means one of the exempt organization’s five highest compensated employees for the taxable year, or any individual that was previously one of the exempt organization’s covered employees for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 2016. In essence, once an individual is a covered employee, he or she will always be a covered employee thereafter. As a result, the group of covered employees will likely exceed five individuals as an exempt organization’s top-five paid employees shifts from year to year, including when departures occur. Remuneration for purposes of section 4960 would include all amounts included in the employee’s taxable income (other than designated Roth contributions), including amounts paid or payable by a related person, but would not include any payments to licensed medical professionals (e.g., doctors, nurses, or veterinarians) for the performance of medical or veterinary services.
As noted above, the excise tax applies not only to remuneration in excess of $1 million but also to certain excess parachute payments. For this purpose, an excess parachute payment is an amount paid to a covered employee upon such employee’s separation from service that equals or exceeds three times that employee’s average annual compensation from the organization that is includible in taxable income for the five years preceding the year of the employee’s separation from service.
As a result of these changes, exempt organizations should immediately do the following:
Identify the organization’s top-five compensated employees, based on the 2017 tax year;
Implement a mechanism to identify the top-five compensated employees for each subsequent tax year, including those that were previously considered to be “covered employees”;
Immediately review the existing compensation arrangements of the covered employees identified above and determine whether such arrangements implicate section 4960;
Work with counsel to amend compensation structures of covered employees, if permitted, to avoid the imposition of any penalties under section 4960; and
Coordinate with the exempt organization’s governing body to ensure that everyone is aware of the impact of this new rule on the organization’s compensatory programs and the resulting impact balance sheets, including as a result of any excise taxes.
The new excise tax applies to amounts paid by tax-exempt organizations after December 31, 2017; however, as noted above, for purposes of determining who is a “covered employee” organizations will look to years occurring after December 31, 2016. The Priority Guidance Plan indicates that the IRS and Treasury plan to issue guidance with respect to new section 4960 by June 30, 2018.
Changes to Treatment of Tax-Exempt Bonds
The changes to the treatment of tax-exempt bonds are significantly more limited in scope than the provisions contained in earlier versions of TCJA. Earlier drafts contained provisions eliminating the tax exemption for interest on tax-exempt bonds. That provision was removed from the legislation prior to its passage.
The provision that remained repeals the tax-exemption for interest on so-called “advanced-refund” tax-exempt bonds. A refunding bond is any bond used to pay principal, interest, or redemption price on a prior bond issue (the refunded bond). A bond is classified as an advance refunding, as opposed to a current refunding, if it is issued more than 90 days before the redemption of the refunded bond. Under prior law, qualified bonds (i.e., governmental bonds and 501(c)(3) bonds) may participate in an advance refunding only once during the course of the bond. After the passage of TCJA, advance refundings no longer enjoy tax-exempt status.
The provision applies to advance refunding bonds issued after December 31, 2017.
Imposition of Endowment Tax on Certain Colleges and Universities
Private foundations have for decades been subject to a tax on the net investment income earned on assets not used in the directly act of carrying on charitable activities. TCJA applies a version of this provision applicable to private foundations to certain private (but not public) colleges and universities. Specifically, a new 1.4% excise tax is imposed on the net investment income of these organizations. Net investment income generally is defined as interest, dividends, rents, royalties (and income from similar sources), and capital gain net income less expenses related to producing such income.
While this provision went through multiple versions, the tax applies only to private colleges and universities with at least 500 enrolled students, in which more than 50% of the students are located in the United States, and where assets not directly involved in carrying out the college or university’s exempt purpose amount to at least $500,000 per full-time student as of the end of the prior taxable year. The $500,000 threshold is not indexed to inflation, so more private colleges and universities will be subject to this tax over time.
As with other provisions, there are several aspects of this new tax that will need clarification. Unfortunately, this provision is not included in the list of items for which guidance may be forthcoming by June 30, 2018. Once issued, however, guidance is expected to be provided with respect to clarifying which assets are exempt from this tax and how net investment income is calculated.
The provision applies to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Again, note that for exempt organizations that follow a tax year other than a calendar year (e.g., a tax year that ends on June 30, 2018), these rules are effective as of July 1, 2018.
Effects on Charitable Giving
Some provisions of TCJA directly affect charitable giving provisions. Other provisions affecting the calculation of an individual’s income and estate tax burden could affect the charitable giving patterns of taxpayers.
Increase in limit on cash contributions to public charities and private operating foundations. TCJA increases the percentage limit to 60% of adjusted gross income for contributions of cash made to public charities and private operating foundations. The previous limit was 50%.
Like many of the provisions affecting individuals, this provision is effective beginning with contributions made for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 through taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026. Any carryforwards available at that time, however, may be carried forward for up to five years.
Limitation on charitable contribution in connection with the purchase of athletic event tickets. Taxpayers no longer are allowed to claim a charitable contribution deduction for payments in exchange for the right to purchase tickets to athletic events. Prior to TCJA, a donor was allowed to take a charitable contribution deduction for 80% of the value of such contributions. Absent any exceptions or other special provisions, if a donor receives any substantial benefit in return for a charitable contribution, the donor’s charitable contribution is reduced by the value of what is received in return. TCJA takes this provision one step further and eliminates the deduction in its entirety in this instance, even if the amount contributed exceeds the value of the right to purchase the tickets to the athletic event.
This provision is effective for contributions made in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
Other provisions potentially affecting charitable giving. The reduction in the top marginal income tax rate for individuals, the increase in the standard deduction for individuals, and the increases in the exemption for estate and gift tax purposes all suggest that an individual donor may have a disincentive to make charitable contributions in the future. Offsetting these disincentives is the elimination of the phase out of itemized deductions, including charitable contributions, which will serve to increase the actual value of a charitable contribution made. While all of these provisions are temporary (generally in effect through 2025), the actual effect of these provisions on charitable giving is yet to be determined.
This advisory was prepared by Melissa Sampson McMorrow and Crescent Moran Chasteen of Nutter’s Tax Department. Please stay tuned for the next advisory in our Practical Insights on Tax Reform series. Learn more about this legislation by contacting a member of our Tax Department at 617.439.2000.
This advisory is for information purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice on any specific facts or circumstances. Under the rules of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, this material may be considered as advertising.
Practical Insights on Tax Reform Series:
Comprehensive Tax Reform in Place as Congress Passes the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Practical Insights on Tax Reform: Impact on the Real Estate Industry
More Publications >
Melissa Sampson McMorrow
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Global Newsroom
Volvo Cars Media Relations
media@volvocars.com
Please contact our Global Customer relations office at gcem@volvocars.com, http://www.volvocars.com/intl/footer/contact-us or +46-(0)31-59 00 00.
Sales Volumes
Volvo Cars and Geely agree on technology sharing and the formation of LYNK & CO
Aug 04, 2017 ID: 211440
Volvo Cars, the premium car maker, and Geely Holding, the Chinese car group, Friday completed the formation of two new entities to share existing and future technology and provide the economies of scale that will allow them to more rapidly develop next generation electrified vehicle technology.
The agreements, signed at a ceremony in Ningbo, China, formalize the strategic priorities, management teams and targeted synergies for the collaboration within the group.
As a result, a new technology joint venture will be formed called GV Automobile Technology (Ningbo) Co. Ltd. It will be 50/50 owned by Volvo Cars and Geely Holding and headquartered in China with a subsidiary in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Lars Danielson, former SVP of Volvo Cars and CEO of Volvo Cars Asia Pacific, will become the Chairman of GV Technology, which will seek synergy benefits for Volvo Cars, Geely Auto and LYNK & CO through two units controlling technology access as well as procurement.
A separate LYNK & CO company, fully responsible for the LYNK & CO car line, will also be formed, jointly owned by Volvo Cars, Geely Holding and Geely Auto, with a newly constituted board of directors.
An Cong Hui, President and CEO of Geely Auto, has been named Chairman of the Board of LYNK & CO and Håkan Samuelsson, President and CEO of Volvo Cars, will serve as board director alongside Daniel Li, Executive Vice President and CFO of Geely Holding and Feng Qing Feng, Group Vice President and CTO of Geely Auto.
“These joint ventures will create significant value for our automotive brands. We aim to deliver global economies of scale by facilitating closer cooperation between our brands on shared vehicle architectures, powertrain development and electrification, while offering synergies that will enable LYNK & CO to achieve its full potential,” said Li Shufu, Chairman of Geely Holding.
Volvo Cars will hold 30 per cent of the shares in LYNK & CO, while Geely Auto will hold 50 per cent and Geely Holding 20 per cent of the new company. Volvo Cars’ significant minority shareholding reflects Volvo Cars’ support to the LYNK & CO brand both now and in the future.
Volvo Cars and Geely already share technology, most notably the Compact Modular Architecture (CMA), which is being used by Volvo Cars for its soon-to-be-announced smaller range of 40 series cars and by LYNK & CO.
“We look forward to expanding our cooperation with LYNK & CO. It will be beneficial for both companies”, said Håkan Samuelsson, President and Chief Executive of Volvo Cars.
The formation of the LYNK & CO company is expected to be finalized in September and is subject to relevant corporate and authority approvals.
For the 2016 financial year, Volvo Car Group recorded an operating profit of 11,014 MSEK (6,620 MSEK in 2015). Revenue over the period amounted to 180,672 MSEK (164,043 MSEK). For the full year 2016, global sales reached a record 534,332 cars, an increase of 6.2 per cent versus 2015. The record sales and operating profit cleared the way for Volvo Car Group to continue investing in its global transformation plan.
Volvo has been in operation since 1927. Today, Volvo Cars is one of the most well-known and respected car brands in the world with sales of 534,332 cars in 2016 in about 100 countries. Volvo Cars has been under the ownership of the Zhejiang Geely Holding (Geely Holding) of China since 2010. It formed part of the Swedish Volvo Group until 1999, when the company was bought by Ford Motor Company of the US. In 2010, Volvo Cars was acquired by Geely Holding.
As of December 2016, Volvo Cars had over 31,000 employees worldwide. Volvo Cars head office, product development, marketing and administration functions are mainly located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Volvo Cars head office for China is located in Shanghai. The company’s main car production plants are located in Gothenburg (Sweden), Ghent (Belgium), Chengdu and Daqing (China), while engines are manufactured in Skövde (Sweden) and Zhangjiakou (China) and body components in Olofström (Sweden).
Descriptions and facts in this press material relate to Volvo Cars' international car range. Described features might be optional. Vehicle specifications may vary from one country to another and may be altered without prior notification.
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FBI searching for hundreds of girls victimized by serial sextortionist now locked up for 105 years
By Sasha Goldstein
Lucas Michael Chansler, 31, is currently serving 105 years in federal prison for the massive sextortion scheme. Hundreds of victims likely do not know that the predator is now locked up, the FBI said. (FBI)
The FBI and a young woman who fell victim to a serial sextortionist are searching for other girls preyed upon by the perv, who is now serving 105 years in prison, so they can know "that this dark period of their lives is over."
Lucas Michael Chansler, 31, lured at least 350 girls between the ages of 13 and 18 into sending him graphic pictures and videos by threatening to ruin their reputations online, according to the FBI. The prolific pervert pleaded guilty in Florida last year and is behind bars until 2102.
But the FBI located only 109 victims, from Florida to Canada and Great Britain, and fear many other girls don't know the man who terrorized them has been locked away for life.
"There's still about 250 young girls — well, young women now — out there who have not had closure yet, so that's certainly one of our goals, is to try to identify as many of these remaining victims who are out there so they can be located, they can be interviewed, and obtain any necessary counseling they might need," said Special Agent Larry Meyer. "And to let them know that this dark period of their life is over. They don't have to be looking over their shoulder thinking, 'Is this guy still out there? Is he looking for me? Is he going to be coming back?'"
Among those leading the charge is 20-year-old Ashley Reynolds, who was victimized by Chansler when she was just 14. As a teen, the girl was roped into the sick sextorter's web when he promised to keep secret her naked pictures if he sent her more explicit images and videos.
"I gave him the pictures and I got to keep my reputation," Reynolds said. "I felt like a slave. I had to make sure I had replied to every message. I had my nights where I just felt— I really did — I just felt depressed."
Little did Reynolds know, she was one of hundreds being manipulated by the deviant, who had more than 80,000 images of underage girls on his computer.
Ashley Reynolds, now 20, was a key part in taking down Chansler's sick scheme after she was victimized by the pervert. (FBI)
Other files were labeled "pending" or "done" and included notes on each girl and how far he could, or would, push the issue.
"When we interviewed him, we asked why he selected that age group, and one of the comments he made was, well, because older girls wouldn't fall for his ploy," Meyer said.
Authorities encourage anyone who fears they may have been a victim to email fbi.victimassistance@ic.fbi.gov, contact their local FBI officer or call (800) CALL-FBI.
More than 100 victims have been identified across the U.S., Canada and Great Britain, but hundreds are still out there, the FBI says. (FBI)
Talking about what happened could be a huge release for a victim, said Reynolds, who helped begin the case that landed Chansler behind bars.
"If it hits close to home, maybe they will understand. High school girls never think it will happen to them," she said. "I never thought this would happen to me, but it did."
ON A MOBILE DEVICE? WATCH THE VIDEO HERE.
sgoldstein@nydailynews.com
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There's no reason to change the playoffs format because the Yankees might be at a 'disadvantage'
By Bill Shaikin
Los Angeles Times |
Take a seat before you read this.
Please. We wouldn’t want you to get hurt because you fell down laughing.
Here goes: Major League Baseball is proceeding with a playoff system that is just not fair to the New York Yankees. Yes, ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls, and fans of all ages: The system is holding the Yankees down.
This is the seventh year of the current postseason format, but the potential Yank-apocalypse has spawned a wave of East Coast commentary about how the system must be changed. The Yankees could win 100 games, so the argument goes, but their terrific season could come down to one game: the sudden-death, wild-card game. How about some RE2PECT for the Yankees?
Oh, it’s not about the Yankees? We did not hear all these insistent cries for reform three years ago, when the Pittsburgh Pirates won 98 games, and their postseason experience was one and done.
Giancarlo Stanton and the Yankees could win more than 100 games and still be forced to play the Wild Card game. (Julie Jacobson / AP)
The Yankees might not finish with the second-best record in the major leagues this year. The Pirates did, three years ago, and they accepted their fate with grace.
If there were second-place teams winning 95 games every year, perhaps MLB would need to reconsider the playoff format. But in the previous five years, how many times did an American League wild-card team win more games than one of the AL division champion teams?
“I don’t think you should get into redesigning your system based on the outcome in a particular year,” Commissioner Rob Manfred said at the All-Star Game last season.
With the Boston Red Sox running away with the AL East, the Yankees could play the Red Sox in the division series — if the Yankees qualify for the one-game wild-card playoff, and win. The combatants in television’s favorite rivalry could share an October stage, or the Yankees could be one and done.
[More Yankees] Even with Corey Kluber addition, Yankees need to count on pitching help coming from within the organization »
“Nobody appreciates the Yankee-Red Sox rivalry more than I do in terms of how important it is for the game,” Manfred said. “But I would also suggest to you that if it was — oh, pick two teams — the Brewers and Reds that might be winning 100 games, that the uproar would probably be a little less than the Yankee-Red Sox one.”
A quick review: In 1993, the San Francisco Giants won 103 games, second in the major leagues to the Atlanta Braves. But the Braves and Giants played in the National League West, so the Braves went to the playoffs and the Giants went home.
In 1994, MLB divided each league into three divisions, instead of two, then added a wild card in each league. The wild card, the second-place team with the most victories, advanced directly to the division series.
There was no significant penalty for holding a wild-card ticket to the postseason dance. In 2002, two wild-card teams — the Angels and Giants — met in the World Series. That year was the first of six consecutive years in which the World Series included at least one wild-card team.
So, in 2012, MLB added a second wild-card team in each league, then pitted the wild cards against each other in a play-in game. That put two notable hurdles before each wild-card team: lose, and your October is done in a day; win, and you probably have burned your best pitcher before you could use him in Game 1 of the division series.
[More Yankees] Yankees finalizing deal with two-time AL Cy Young Corey Kluber: source »
Ron Gardenhire, the manager of the Detroit Tigers, believes that a season of 162 games should not end in a postseason of one game, where a better team could lose to a team with a hotter pitcher, and where the fans of two playoff teams do not get to see at least one playoff game at home.
Every round of the playoffs should be at least five games, he said, even a wild-card round that could leave the division champions idling for more than a week.
“Put two more teams in,” Gardenhire said. “Let them all [expletive] play. Do it like tennis. Have [expletive] brackets and they’ve all got to work their way down.”
Mike Scioscia, the manager of the Angels, believes the current system does not sufficiently disadvantage the wild-card teams. The team that wins the wild-card game, he said, should get the first game of the division series at home.
“Then go play four on the road,” Scioscia said. “If you get through that, more power to you. You’ve earned your way into the league championship series.”
[More Yankees] DJ LeMahieu’s new deal gives the Yankees a huge break »
Scioscia was one of 14 members of a committee that recommended the current playoff format to then-commissioner Bud Selig. In a telephone interview from his Milwaukee office, Selig acknowledged that television networks influenced the decision for the wild-card teams to play one game rather than a best-of-three series.
“It was a part of the equation,” Selig said, “but not the critical part. In many things in sports, you’re down to one game. You don’t play best two out of three.”
With no momentum to expand the wild-card round beyond one game, reform advocates have proposed playoff seeding. The five postseason qualifiers in each league would be ranked by how many games they had won.
If the Yankees won the second-most games of any team in the AL, and if the Cleveland Indians won the AL Central with the fewest wins of any of the league’s playoff entrants, the Yankees would not be dispatched to that one-game playoff. The Indians would be.
That is a solution in search of a problem. The second wild-card team in each league was added because MLB owners and executives believed too many teams had advanced to the World Series without winning their division. This isn’t the NBA or NHL, where half the teams make the playoffs.
[More Yankees] DJ LeMahieu agrees to deal with Yankees »
Unless MLB wants to do away with divisions completely — and that was the system before 1969 — then winning your division should help you, not hurt you, come playoff time.
Scioscia had no sympathy for the argument that the Yankees could be at a disadvantage by the system.
“Then win your division,” he said. “You might win 100 games, but you didn’t reach your goal of winning your division. This gives the team that wins the division a much better position.”
The Yankees opened play Saturday nine games behind the Red Sox. Here’s why: New York’s record against the other three teams in the AL East — the Baltimore Orioles, Tampa Bay Rays and Toronto Blue Jays — is 21-16. Boston’s record against those teams: 32-10.
Selig said he had endured far more criticism about the introduction of the wild card — and the blasphemy of including a second-place team in the playoffs — than about the system now in place.
[More Yankees] Mickey Mantle baseball card sells for $5.2 million to set record »
“Have I had any second thoughts? No,” he said, “because it put a premium on winning your division. The one constructive criticism of the earlier system had been that it did not give enough credence to winning your division.”
To the extent that the system puts the Yankees at a competitive disadvantage — wait, what? When the Yankees, and the Dodgers, and other wealthy teams share all of their revenue with their competitors, then we can take up the issue of competitive disadvantage.
Until then, we offer a one-word response to the cry that the system is unfair to the Yankees.
Poppycock.
bill.shaikin@latimes.com
[More Yankees] The Yankees can only watch sit back and watch the Mets thrive »
Follow Bill Shaikin on Twitter @BillShaikin
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Toronto, January 19, 2016 - Orangeville artist Steven Volpe is this year’s recipient of the Laura Ciruls Painting Award. The $4,500 award is given annually to recognize an Ontario based mid-career painter.
Silent Protest, Oil on Canvas, 20” x 24”, 2014
Steven Volpe has a Fine Arts degree from Queen's University as well as a background in art education and graphic design. His evocative figurative paintings lie somewhere between a parable and a snapshot, inviting thoughtful interpretation yet still retaining a comfortable and coherent plausibility. Incidental gestures derived from everyday life become larger than life as the artist assigns new identities to complete strangers.
Steven Volpe’s work has been included in exhibitions at the Galerie d’Avignon (Montreal, QC), the Bartlett Gallery and the Headwaters Arts Gallery at the Alton Mill Arts Centre (Caledon), the Art Gallery of Mississauga (Mississauga), the Beaux-Arts Gallery (Brampton), and will be showing at the Artist Project Contemporary Art Fair at the Better Living Centre, Exhibition Place in Toronto in February. Steven is represented by Galerie d'Avignon, (Montreal, QC).
The jury members were unanimous in their selection and stated, “Steven Volpe’s paintings show a strong individual voice and his portraits tell us more than one story.”
The Laura Ciruls Painting Award was established by Laura Ciruls, a professional graphic and web designer, as well as an acrylic and watercolour painter. Through a bequest, Laura set up the Laura Ciruls Painting Award, to recognize artists like herself, who were contributing to the development of painting in Ontario.
The Ontario Arts Foundation manages the endowment that funds the award. The Ontario Arts Council administers the nomination and selection process. The award was selected by a jury of visual artists comprised of R. Brendan Fernandes (Newmarket), Jennifer Lefort (Gatineau), Tor Lukasik-Foss (Hamilton), and Corwyn Lund (Toronto).
Previous recipients of the Laura Ciruls Painting Award include: Jinny Yu (2012), Andrew Rucklidge (2013), Melissa Doherty (2014), and Sasha Pierce (2015).
Executive Director, Ontario Arts Foundation
Established in 1991, the Ontario Arts Foundation (OAF) is passionately committed to building long-term support for the arts in Ontario. In 2014-2015, the OAF paid over $2.8 million in endowment income and $275,000 in awards and scholarships.
For more than 50 years, the Ontario Arts Council (OAC) has played a vital role in promoting and assisting the development of the arts for the enjoyment and benefit of Ontarians. In 2014-2015 the OAC funded 1,709 individual artists and 1,078 organizations in 204 communities across Ontario for a total of $52.1 million.
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Develop[Her]: One Woman at a Time
Lauren Hasson discovered computer science in high school, but it took patience, insight, and a flexible attitude to find the fulfilling career she deserved. When she landed the perfect position for her skills and interests, she flourished, compiling an impressive list of accolades.
But what happens when you realize that you’re a superstar coder who’s not getting paid what you deserve? If you’re Hasson, you master the art of salary negotiation and then create Develop[Her] to help other women in tech do the same. Hasson set the goal of bridging the gender income gap “one woman, one negotiation at a time.”
An Unexpected Start Hasson stumbled upon computer science in high school, and at first, she wasn’t happy about it. When she was an incoming freshman, family friends told her parents that she should take computer science. Her parents didn’t know anything about computers or coding, but they trusted their friends, and that’s how Hasson ended up in a computer science elective as a freshman.
“I hated [my parents] at the time,” Hasson says. “They didn’t know anything about computer science, so they couldn’t help me. I was one of only two girls. There were senior guys who programmed for fun. Then there was me, a bright-eyed freshman girl, as girly as you could get, and I was so lost.”
But then, as the course moved along, it not only started to click, but she began to excel at it. She also started to enjoy it, and she went on to take an advanced placement computer science course.
“Now, when I go talk to girls in high school, middle school, and elementary school, I tell them that it’s one of the best decisions my parents ever made for me because it changed the course of my life. Because I had taken computer science in high school, it was a natural segue to computer science in college. Because I had that strong fundamental foundation, I was breezing through all of the introductory coursework, which helped me get ahead,” says Hasson, who graduated from Duke University with a triple major in electrical engineering, computer science, and economics.
It wasn’t all coding from there, though. “I’m also an attrition number,” she confides. She interned at two large tech companies, but she didn’t like the experience. “They put me in a small room, closed the door, and told me to write code and not talk to humans. This didn’t resonate with me,” she says. “I couldn’t see a future for myself there.” So, instead of launching a career as a programmer, she combined her three majors into what she sees as an interesting pivot: she went into investment banking, working on the finance side for technology companies in Silicon Valley.
Seven years later, though, she began thinking about getting back into tech. “There was that builder in me,” she says, and, besides, “making rich people richer” wasn’t fulfilling. Enter the “pesky little sister.” When the family gathered for a holiday, Hasson’s sister asked her to help debug code she was writing for an iOS development course. When they were done, her sister said what was so obvious to her: Hasson needed to write code for a living. Hasson agreed. She got her foot in the door at a mobile development shop, and, unlike her internships, she found the environment dynamic and collaborative. Her career took off.
“I started building my network from day one and, less than two years later, I was one of only 100 innovators on a flight from San Francisco to London for the UnGrounded Hackathon in the Sky event for British Airways,” she says. As part of this event, the participants’ ideas on how to bridge the global science, technology, engineering, and mathematics gap were presented to the United Nations. Around the same time, she also won a number of high-profile hackathons and had an app featured in Apple’s prestigious iOS 7 launch keynote.
Still, despite all of the high-profile projects at work and the “public persona of achievement,” she was quietly facing an unfortunate career reality. “There was a guy I worked with. He was a few years junior, and I was training him, managing his work, and fixing his code. He pulled me aside one day to complain about how difficult it was to live on a certain salary in a really nice part of Dallas,” she says. “It was like someone had punched me in the stomach.”
Not only was he making the exact same amount of money as Hasson, but he was earning 50% more than she had when she was at his level. “That was the wake-up call that I needed,” she reflects. “I expected I was underpaid. I kept hearing, ‘When you’re there, you’ll make market rate.’ I kept waiting to get ‘there.’ Then I realized I was already ‘there.’ And I wasn’t getting paid what I was worth.”
Inspiration from the Trenches As Hasson saw it, she had three choices. She could throw herself a pity party; she could blame her employer and wait for others to fix it; or she could acknowledge that even though it wasn’t her fault, she was someone who could change her situation. As she says, she could own her own outcome. So, Hasson read every book she could find about career development and negotiation. She hired coaches to the tune of US$5,000–$10,000. It worked. She tripled her salary in less than two years. “I earn an additional six figures every year because I did that,” she says.
Hasson wasn’t content to stop there, though. She shared her story and found that it really had impact. She began to understand what a pervasive issue this was for women in tech and wanted to do more.
This is why Hasson founded Develop[Her], a career development platform “for tech women by tech women.” It’s accessible and it’s affordable. Unlike the sizable investment Hasson made in herself years ago, Develop[Her] membership costs under US$50 per month. This is Hasson’s passion project. She puts her own money into it; there are no investors. A recent addition to the website is a free online negotiation webinar series.
“It’s easy to say that this is a problem and someone needs to do something. Well, you know what? I’m someone. I’m a warm body. I’m a tech woman. I would have benefited from this. What would I have wanted?” she says. “Someone needs to inspire women. Someone needs to show them how it’s done. It needs to be someone who is actually technical and is still in the trenches, not an HR professional or a coach.”
Besides running the Develop[Her] platform, Hasson speaks around the country, telling stories and talking about how she negotiates her offers. She hosts a podcast where she interviews top tech women about their careers. “I had a Fortune 15 executive telling me she has impostor syndrome. She wasn’t speaking because she didn’t think she could deliver as much value as Sheryl Sandburg! So, she’s on my podcast telling me about this. Women are speaking candidly with me because I’m also a tech woman,” Hasson says.
Negotiating Power
Much of Hasson’s work revolves around helping women in tech sharpen their negotiation skills. As Hasson puts it, women in tech already have the skills they need. They just may not realize it.
“Tech women—the reason we’re good at what we do is that we’re good at data and information,” Hasson says. Her main negotiating strategy is to put that power to work—to do research and ground herself in data in advance of any negotiation.
“I prepare in advance,” she says. “I don’t just go in and blindly hope to have a great outcome. I anticipate the pushback, and I have responses to counter that information. I’m also prepared with diagnostic questions to help determine where there might be leverage for me.” She uses this combination of data she’s researched and leverage information she’s uncovered to negotiate a great end offer.
Here’s an example. Hasson once went to interview for a position at a tech company. She identified key leverage points by talking with recruiters and hiring managers through the process. She found out that they didn’t have a lot of candidates in the pipeline. In fact, she was the only candidate who had made it all the way through the interview process. They didn’t have a large candidate pool to start with, partly because the company was not in a large metro area. Of that pool, very few could commute to the office. They didn’t have their “pick of the litter” to begin with, and on top of that, the chief technology officer (CTO) was very difficult to impress.
This meant that when Hasson received her offer, she could negotiate it upward because she knew that they needed someone immediately, she was the only person in the process, and she was the only candidate who had gotten the CTO’s buy-in.
“I gave them a premium range, with a guarantee that I’d accept it and that I’d start within a week,” Hasson says. They accepted. In the end, she upped her initial offer by US $50,000.
“All of this leverage came from general conversation,” she says. “You’d be surprised at the information you can get from recruiters and hiring managers in casual conversation. I’m not grilling them. I prepare to look for these types of things in advance. I do my research, and I target companies where I do have leverage.”
Even if you’re armed with data, you also need to have confidence, but Hasson says these are really the same thing. “It’s as simple as knowing your numbers up front and building your confidence around that,” Hasson says. Knowing your numbers boosts your confidence. It shows you what you’re worth, and that helps you stand up for yourself and even walk away from the table, if necessary. Hasson has done this. She once went into a negotiation prepared with her numbers. “That’s not where we get our numbers,” the man on the other side of the table told her. He proceeded to give a salary that was 70% of the market rate. He cited a report. She, too, had read this report, and she knew his numbers were incorrect. She was able to politely call him out on that, and she realized she was wasting her time with the company.
She’s encountered it all, from the lowball offer to the bait and switch with the title. She was once told by a hiring manager that the title she had come in to interview for didn’t actually officially exist in the organization. The impact to her offer? A lower title with lower money. “I knew for a fact that people had that title, and I knew how much they made,” she says. “Because I had done my research, I knew this was nonnegotiable. I turned it down. I was confident in my ability to walk away.” And less than 48 h later, she had a revised offer that was US$25,000 more than their original offer—and the original title had suddenly become an official title.
Negotiation gets easier with practice, and women need to come into negotiations with a self-growth mind-set. “Every time you get a little better at it. Every time you make progress. You’ve got to do the best with what you have and build on it every time. Just because you don’t get what you want one time doesn’t mean you won’t get a great outcome the next time,” she says.
Finding Success For all of this talk about data and numbers, though, her most important piece of advice is to put numbers aside before you begin your career search. Instead, take the time to reflect on what success looks like to you. When Hasson found herself on the market a few years ago, she sat down to contemplate what she wanted her day to “look and feel like” in a year. She wanted autonomy, flexibility, and remote work.
“Because I did that, I accepted a job I never would have thought about otherwise. I would have been pursuing jobs that would not have really given me the success that I wanted. It’s not just looking at numbers and titles but what are the intangibles. That’s been huge in my life. People ask how are you so happy and having so much career success? Because I put thought into what success looks like, and I’m open to different ways of getting there that might be different from what I originally thought,” she says.
For now, she loves that she has zero commute, schedule flexibility, and that she can run Develop[Her] as well. Her current position wasn’t her highest offer, but she is paid very well and it has everything that she finds important at the moment.
She keeps in mind, though, that success may look one way one year, and the next year it may look totally different. “In a few years, I may value the no-commute less and value interactions more. It’s fluid,” she says. Still, should the time come when she needs to look for another opportunity, there’s no doubt she’ll know what she wants and she’ll be prepared.
This article first appeared in IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine November 2018.
#S1E2TheGirlsBehindtheBoard #CareerDevelopment
Gender equity in STEM professions
Inspirational women in STEM
Mentoring and professional developm
MIT's engineering department heads are now predominantly female
Ethical Bribing
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A toast to moderation: Keep your holiday drinking in check with this advice
Dec 17, 2020 at 8:50 AM Dec 17, 2020 at 8:50 AM
If you’re ready to toast – a lot – to the end of 2020, you’re in good company. But for your health, find ways to moderate that, experts say.
Even in normal years, people find lots extra reasons to raise a glass, or two, at this time of year, said Joanna Buscemi, an assistant professor of clinical psychology at DePaul University in Chicago. “It’s already a very risky period for people,” she said. “But then we have the pandemic, which obviously makes things worse.”
The main problem is stress. Lots and lots of stress, from concerns about COVID-19 to financial worries and the hassles of families working and
schooling from home.
Working from home, in fact, might be encouraging more drinking, said Buscemi, a licensed clinical psychologist who has researched risky drinking. “It’s very different than having an 8 a.m. meeting in front of your boss the next day.”
People have lost structure to their days. “There’s fewer non-alcohol-related activities that are available to people,” she said. “We might not be doing some of these things that relieve stress or activities that we enjoy that do not involve drinking,” such as going to the gym.
Studies show people have been consuming more alcohol this year. Social psychologist Lindsey Rodriguez, an assistant professor at the University of South Florida, coauthored a paper published this summer in the journal Addictive Behaviors showing pandemic stress is indeed driving an increase in drinking, and that women are affected more than men.
And that was well ahead of the holidays, which can bring issues with family and depression even in the good years.
But Rodriguez doesn’t suggest everyone abstain from alcohol – there’s a reason why it’s part of so many celebrations, especially during a season when people want to celebrate joyfully with loved ones.
“It can become problematic when people do too much of it,” she said. “And especially in this time of needing our bodies to function at their best, it’s something we want to be mindful of.”
Holiday drinking can be done at a safe level, Buscemi said. It starts by knowing what that level is.
Federal dietary guidelines note several potential health risks from alcohol and that some people shouldn’t drink it at all, but if it’s going to be consumed, it should be consumed in moderation. Those guidelines define moderate drinking as up to one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men. The National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse spells out higher levels that define heavy alcohol use. Having five or more drinks for men, or four or more drinks for women, in about two hours is considered binge drinking.
So be aware of how much you’re consuming, Rodriguez advised. “People are more likely to drink heavily if they’re not thinking about how much they’ve had. Consider setting a goal at the beginning of the night.”
Similarly, be aware of how you’re filling your time, Buscemi said. The pandemic might take away some of the usual hustle and bustle of the holidays. Don’t let drinking plug the gap.
“I think it takes some creativity and sitting down and thinking like, ‘What do I like to do that doesn’t involve drinking? And how can I increase my time doing that?’” she said.
Fill your free time with exercise, self-care and enjoyable activities – reading, baking, chatting with friends or, Buscemi’s personal favorite, online karaoke. “But it has to be fun for it to be an actual substitute for drinking,” she said.
Other time-honored tips include remembering not to drink on an empty stomach and switching to non-alcoholic alternatives – but not necessarily soda, which causes its own health problems, Buscemi said.
Rodriguez suggested sticking to lower-alcohol beer and wine instead of cocktails. She also suggested having a glass of water in between every alcoholic beverage. That can help you pace yourself – and fight off dehydration.
The pandemic can lead people to develop to new, bad habits, Buscemi said. “And I think you just have to break the cycle. And for people who don’t have an alcohol use disorder, it’s easier than you would think to just try something new, switch up your routine.”
With so many people looking to alcohol as a stress reliever, it’s also important to remember that alcohol can make things even worse over time, Rodriguez said. “It might provide short-term relief. But when the alcohol wears off, those feelings of stress and anxiety not only return, but often worsen.”
She recommended the resources at NIAAA’s website for anyone who thinks they need help with a drinking problem. Buscemi suggested starting with a licensed psychologist.
But for people who have seen their drinking increase a bit this year and are fretting about bringing it down a little, she recommends giving yourself the gift of grace.
Making a healthy change is good, Buscemi said. “But I do think maybe part of the conversation that gets left out is acknowledging to yourself that these are really hard times, and you’re going to have to give yourself a break sometimes. And that you don’t have to be perfect every day.”
It’s OK, she said, to give yourself “a little bit of room to say, ‘This is really hard right now. It won’t always be like this, and I’m doing the best that I can.’”
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Home SPORTS Irfan Pathan Praises Former Captains Sourav Ganguly, Rahul Dravid
Irfan Pathan Praises Former Captains Sourav Ganguly, Rahul Dravid
“I remember many ex-cricketers saying that you will have more bad days than good ones. But I think cricket has made me the man I am,” he added.
The left-arm seamer had made his India debut against Australia at Adelaide Oval in 2003 when he was 19. However, despite lacking express pace, he troubled the batters with his ability to swing the ball in both directions, because of which he was often compared with 1983 World Cup-winning captain Kapil Dev.
In 2006 on the tour of Pakistan, Irfan became the second Indian after Harbhajan Singh to take a Test hat-trick, removing Salman Butt, Younis Khan and Mohammad Yusuf in the first over of the Test match held in Karachi.
He was also part of the victorious Indian team at the 2007 World T20 and was the Man of the Match in the final against Pakistan. He picked 3/16 in the final against Pakistan and played a crucial role as MS Dhoni’s men lifted the trophy.
Talking about the moments which he is proud of while playing for India, Irfan said: “There are many. But winning the World Cup (World T20) and being the Man of the Match in the final. These are the two moments which are very close to my heart.”
Having played his last first-class game a year ago in the Ranji Trophy, the cricketer-turned-commentator has a total of 4,559 first-class runs to go with 384 wickets.
Irfan played most of his international cricket under Sourav Ganguly and Rahul Dravid. When asked to compare between the two, Irfan said it would be unfair on his part to compare two of the Indian legends as they both were outstanding leaders who contributed a lot towards Indian cricket.
“Comparing both the captains would not be fine. Everyone knows that when Sourav Ganguly became the Indian captain, it was a very tough time for Indian cricket. The way he managed was outstanding. He made us learn so many things including one of the most important things that we are no less than any other team.
“Rahul Dravid was a very good leader in terms of how he managed the juniors and seniors. The way he managed the youngsters was outstanding. Under him, I was given more opportunities in terms of batting up the order, bowling with the new ball,” he expressed.
In 2007, the left-handed batsman also scored his maiden Test century while batting up the order against Pakistan in Bengaluru. In 2008, he starred with both bat and ball in Perth, making a valuable 46 from No.3 in the second innings, while claiming five wickets in the match, to be Player of the Match in what was one of the most famous wins for India on Australian soil.
However, injuries plagued his career, and his form and pace often suffered. While he was a part of the victorious Champions Trophy-winning side in 2013, he played his last match in India colours during the 2012 World T20.
Irfan also revealed that it was Sachin Tendulkar’s idea to make him bat up the order.
“It was Sachin Tendulkar’s idea for me to bat up the order and not only Greg Chappell’s idea. Batting was something which I always enjoyed. Lot of people think that I came to international cricket and started batting suddenly.
“But it didn’t happen like that. I batted at number three for Baroda U-16, I batted up the order in Ranji Trophy. It was not like batting hindered my bowling,” Irfan explained.
His downfall coincided with Chappell’s stint as the India head coach with many people accusing the Australian of ruining Irfan’s career. However, the former all-rounder refused to single out any person and felt it was an amalgamation of many factors which led to his slump in form, with both bat and ball.
“There were a lot of things, my injuries, I could say sometimes mismanagement of the team management as well. There are many things which can be blamed for my decline in bowling. And only you can only blame yourself if you have not achieved or done something right,” he said.
Irfan, who was India’s best bet as a fast-bowling all-rounder during his playing days, believes Shivam Dube can give a tough competition to Hardik Pandya in the near future.
“Hardik is a very talented cricketer and so is Shivam Dube. Shivam Dube is young and will learn more given the opportunities. The good thing with Dube is the X-factor he has of being a left-hander. It always helps when he is batting because lots of teams have left-arm spinners and leg-spinners, so it becomes slightly easier if you are a left-handed batsman.
“They both are wonderful talents. Obviously, Hardik is more experienced. He has got better pace as a bowler and he is a wonderful fielder as well. The only thing that I will be watching for Hardik is how he manages his injuries. If he can handle himself and remain fit, he can obviously play for a long time,” he added.
Pathan has been commentating for Star Sports over the past 24 months and is also working as a non-playing mentor for the Jammu and Kashmir outfit and those two for now seem to be his action plan in the near future.
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Herman Cain's Most Infamous Gaffes: From 9-9-9 to Pizza, Trump's Federal Reserve Board Pick Has History of Bizarre Remarks
By Nicole Goodkind On 4/4/19 at 5:21 PM EDT
Former Republican presidential candidate Herman Cain speaks during an Americans for Prosperity rally, in Reno, Nevada, on July 23, 2012. President Donald Trump nominated the former Tea Party presidential candidate and Godfather’s Pizza CEO to the Federal Reserve Board. Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
U.S. Donald Trump Politics Economy Federal reserve
President Donald Trump nominated former Tea Party presidential candidate and Godfather's Pizza CEO Herman Cain to the Federal Reserve Board Thursday.
"I've recommended Herman Cain. He's a very terrific man, a terrific person. He's a friend of mine. I have recommended him highly for the Fed. I've told my folks that's the man," said the president.
If his nomination is approved by Senate, Cain, who famously introduced the world to his 9-9-9 economic plan that would replace all current tax policy with a 9 percent personal income tax, 9 percent federal sales tax, and a 9 percent corporate tax, would be part of the body that controls U.S. monetary policy.
"I doubt that will be a nomination," Utah Senator Mitt Romney, who competed against Cain in the 2012 Republican presidential primary, told Politico Thursday. "But if it were a nomination, you can bet [what] the interest rates he would be pushing for.... If Herman Cain were on the Fed, you'd know the interest rate would soon be 9-9-9."
Cain, who briefly polled as the frontrunner in the 2012 Republican primary quickly lost favor in the public's eye and eventually suspended his campaign after he was accused by at least four women of sexual harassment.
Cain does have some experience with the Federal Reserve. He served as chairman of the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch in the early 1990s and then as deputy chairman of the Bank of Kansas City until 1996.
Still, if nominated, he would be one of the most overtly political board members in recent years. In September, Cain formed a pro-Trump PAC called America Fighting Back, which has a mission statement to "protect Donald Trump and his agenda from impeachment."
Cain also has a history of gaffes and notorious moments from his years on the campaign trail that could be hard to shake off during a Senate confirmation hearing. Here are a few of them:
"We need a leader, not a reader."
Cain used this line, likely lifted from the fake President Schwarzenegger in The Simpsons Movie, during a New Hampshire campaign event in 2011.
Cain has expressed his aversion to reading on multiple occasions. During another campaign event, Cain criticized former President Barack Obama for passing a long bill. "Don't try to pass a 2,700-page bill—and even they didn't read it! You and I didn't have time to read it," he said. "We're too busy trying to live—send our kids to school. That's why I am only going to allow small bills—three pages. You'll have time to read that one over the dinner table."
"How do you say 'delicious' in Cuban?"
During a campaign stop in Miami, Cain seemed to forget about the existence of Spanish.
Cain tasted a Cuban coffee in front of a gaggle of press and declared that he loved it. "How do you say 'delicious' in Cuban?" he asked enthusiastically.
"A poet once said, 'Life can be a challenge, life can seem impossible, but it's never easy when there's so much on the line.'"
Cain suspended his presidential campaign in 2012 with an announcement that concluded with these lyrics, which he claimed a poet said. The lyrics were actually sung by Donna Summer in an obscure song that was featured on the soundtrack of Pokémon: The Movie 2000.
Ubeki-beki-beki-beki-stan-stan
In a 2011 interview with the Christian Broadcasting Network, Cain was asked if he was ready to answer "tough questions," like "What is the name of the president of Uzbekistan?" Cain responded,"I'm ready for the 'gotcha' questions, and they're already starting to come. And when they ask me who is the president of Ubeki-beki-beki-beki-stan-stan I'm going to say, 'You know, I don't know. Do you know?'"
Imagine there's no pizza
Presented without comment.
That cigarette ad
Fed Chairman Jerome Powell Says Trump Can't Fire Him
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Inner Spirit Holdings Celebrates Opening of First Spiritleaf Locations in Alberta
Spiritleaf Store Set to Open in Saskatchewan this weekend
CALGARY, Nov. 15, 2018 /CNW/ - In Canada's dynamic cannabis market, Inner Spirit Holdings Ltd. ("Inner Spirit" or "the Company") (CSE:ISH) is establishing a chain of recreational cannabis dispensaries under its Spiritleaf brand. The Company recently opened its first two Spiritleaf franchise stores in Brooks and St. Albert, Alberta and has additional franchise store openings in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan on November 17 and Lethbridge, Alberta on November 19.
"We have exciting and aggressive plans to open Spiritleaf franchises and corporate stores throughout the country. The opening of our first locations in Alberta is a very important milestone for Inner Spirit and the Spiritleaf brand," said Darren Bondar, President and CEO of Inner Spirit. "We're executing on our vision and bringing the iconic Spiritleaf experience to new customers. Our extension of the Spiritleaf brand into Saskatchewan will be another key achievement in our expansion strategy. We have our sights firmly set on a national brand experience with the Spiritleaf franchise and corporate store offerings."
In Alberta, the Company's 23 other municipally approved locations are in various stages of construction and subject to receipt of final license approvals from the applicable municipalities and the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission. It also has conditionally secured an additional 17 locations. Inner Spirit expects to open corporate stores in Calgary, Edmonton and Jasper, Alberta, along with 14 franchise locations across the province before the end of 2018.
In Ontario, Spiritleaf continues to expand its highly successful corporate and franchise model in anticipation of submitting initial recreational cannabis dispensary license applications to the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario beginning in December. The Company is working within the new regulations for the licensing and operation of private cannabis stores announced on November 14 by the Ontario Government. To date, Inner Spirit has granted 20 franchises in Ontario, secured leases for up to 40 locations, and expects to pursue a maximum of 75 stores in the province per the new regulations.
About Inner Spirit
Inner Spirit is establishing a chain of recreational cannabis dispensaries under its Spiritleaf brand. Supporting local entrepreneurs by applying its award-winning franchise and retail models, Inner Spirit has more than 110 franchise agreements in place for potential Spiritleaf locations and will also operate corporate dispensaries in certain jurisdictions. Developing a diverse portfolio of quality and curated lifestyle cannabis products – including Spiritleaf's own locally sourced lines – Inner Spirit's Spiritleaf brand is positioned to be an iconic Canadian brand and the most trusted source for recreational cannabis. More information can be found on Inner Spirit's website at www.innerspiritholdings.com.
This press release contains statements and information that, to the extent that they are not historical fact, may constitute "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable securities legislation. Forward-looking information may include financial and other projections, as well as statements regarding future plans, objectives or economic performance, or the assumption underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terms such as "may", "would", "could", "will", "likely", "except", "anticipate", "believe", "intend", "plan", "forecast", "project", "estimate", "outlook", "potential", or the negative thereof or other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Examples of such statements include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to the objectives and business plans of the Company; the intention to grow the Company's business and operations; the receipt of necessary licenses and permits to open stores; the timing and likelihood of final licensing and opening of additional Spiritleaf locations; the regulation of cannabis for recreational use in Canada, including federal and provincial regulations pertaining thereto; the competitive conditions of the industries in which the Company operates; and laws and any amendments thereto applicable to the Company.
SOURCE Inner Spirit Holdings
For further information: Investor Relations, Email: [email protected], Phone: 1 (403) 930-9300, www.innerspiritholdings.com
Inner Spirit Holdings Surpasses $100 Million System-Wide Retail...
Inner Spirit Holdings Opens Additional Spiritleaf Stores to Reach ...
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State Police ID Man Killed in Crash on I-84 West in Waterbury
Published April 11, 2020 • Updated on April 11, 2020 at 12:53 pm
Connecticut State Police have identified a man who was killed in a crash on Interstate 84 west in Waterbury on Friday night.
State police said 50-year-old Calvin Walton, of Waterbury, was driving westbound on I-84 near exit 21 in the right lane when he traveled across three travel lanes and hit a concrete barrier in the left shoulder around 5:30 p.m.
Walton's vehicle continued westbound and hit a metal guide rail multiple times before stopping in the right shoulder and catching on fire, according to troopers.
Walton was transported to St. Mary's Hospital where he was later pronounced dead, state police added.
Two passengers in Walton's vehicle were transported to the hospital to be evaluated.
The crash remains under investigation. Anyone who witnessed the crash is asked to contact Troop A at (203) 267-2200.
WaterburyConnecticut State Policefatal crashinterstate 84
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Ethiopia Says Military Chief Killed, Regional Coup Failed
The U.S. Embassy reported gunfire in the capital Saturday and urged people to be careful
Published June 23, 2019 • Updated on June 23, 2019 at 7:27 pm
Ethiopia's military chief was shot to death by his bodyguard amid a failed coup attempt against a regional government north of the capital, Addis Ababa, the prime minister said Sunday.
The abortive coup Saturday in the Amhara region was led by a high-ranking military officer and others in the armed forces, said Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who addressed the nation on state TV at 2 a.m. while wearing fatigues.
The soldiers attacked a building where a meeting of regional officials was taking place, said Nigussu Tilahun, a spokesman for the prime minister. The regional governor and an adviser were killed, while the attorney general was wounded, he said.
Not long after afterward, army chief Gen. Seare Mekonnen who assassinated at his home in Addis Ababa, and a retired army general visiting him was also killed, the spokesman said.
"There is a link between the two attacks," Nigussu said without elaborating.
The attack in Bahir Dar, the capital of Amhara, was led by a renegade brigadier who had recently been pardoned by the prime minister after being jailed by the previous government, authorities said. Most of the perpetrators were captured, and others were being hunted down, the spokesman said.
The brigadier remained at large, according to two officials who spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to talk to the media.
Addis Ababa was peaceful on Sunday as soldiers stood guard in Meskel Square and set up roadblocks throughout the city. Ethiopia's internet appeared to be shut down.
The attempted coup was the latest challenge to Abiy, who was elected last year.
The 42-year-old Abiy has captured the imagination of many with his political and economic reforms, including the surprise acceptance of a peace agreement with Eritrea, the opening of major state-owned sectors to private investment and the release of thousands of prisoners, including opposition figures once sentenced to death.
Last June, a grenade meant for Abiy wounded many people at a big rally. Nine police officials were arrested, state media reported. In October, rebellious soldiers protested over pay and invaded Abiy's office, but the prime minister was able to defuse the situation.
Ethiopia is a key regional ally of the U.S. in the restive Horn of Africa region.
Tibor Nagy, U.S. assistant secretary of state for Africa, said the latest violence was a "shock, but it could have turned out so much worse," adding: "Thankfully Prime Minister Abiy escaped this attempt, because there are many, many more people in Ethiopia who support his reforms than those who are opposed to them."
Speaking in South Africa, Nagy said "there are vestiges of the old regime" who are opposed to Abiy.
"I wish I could say that this is will be the last of these attempts, but no one can be certain," Nagy said.
In Addis Ababa, politicians and government officials went to the home of the slain army chief to offer condolences to his family.
AP journalist Andrew Meldrum contributed.
GeneralEthiopiaBodyguardAddis AbabaEritrea
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Oscar-Winning Documentary Maker D.A. Pennebaker Dies at 94
Pennebaker was a leader among a generation of filmmakers in the 1960s who took advantage of such innovations as handheld cameras and adopted an intimate, spontaneous style known as cinéma vérité
By Hillel Italie • Published August 3, 2019 • Updated on August 3, 2019 at 11:21 pm
D.A. Pennebaker, the Oscar-winning documentary maker whose historic contributions to American culture and politics included immortalizing a young Bob Dylan in "Don't Look Back" and capturing the spin behind Bill Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign in "The War Room," has died. He was 94.
Pennebaker, who received an honorary Academy Award in 2013, died Thursday of natural causes at his home in Long Island, his son, Frazer Pennebaker said in an email.
Pennebaker was a leader among a generation of filmmakers in the 1960s who took advantage of such innovations as handheld cameras and adopted an intimate, spontaneous style known as cinéma vérité. As an assistant to pioneer Robert Drew, Pennebaker helped invent the modern political documentary, "Primary," a revelatory account of John F. Kennedy's 1960 victory in Wisconsin over fellow Democratic presidential candidate Hubert Humphrey. He went on to make or assist on dozens of films, from an early look at Jane Fonda to an Emmy-nominated portrait of Elaine Stritch to a documentary about a contentious debate between Norman Mailer and a panel of feminists ("Town Bloody Hall").
Widely admired and emulated, Pennebaker was blessed with patience, sympathy, curiosity, the journalist's art of setting his subjects at ease, the novelist's knack for finding the revealing detail and the photographer's eye for compelling faces and images. When reducing vast amounts of raw footage into a finished film, Pennebaker said, "The one barometer I believe in is boredom. The minute people start to lose interest, that's it."
Pennebaker parted from Drew in the mid-'60s and became a top filmmaker in his own right with the 1967 release "Don't Look Back," among the first rock documentaries to receive serious critical attention. It follows Dylan on a 1965 tour of England, featuring Joan Baez, Donovan, Allen Ginsberg and others.
Dylan was then transforming from folk singer to rock 'n roller and "Don't Look Back" finds the artist clashing with journalists and breaking from his own history, including Baez, with whom he had comprised folk music's signature couple. She was his girlfriend at the start of the movie and ex-girlfriend by the time the documentary was done, his growing disregard for her unfolding on camera. Decades later, he would apologize, saying he feared she would be "swept up in the madness" of his changing career.
Scenes from "Don't Look Back" have become part of the musical and movie canon, among them Dylan playing "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue" in his hotel room while an impressed (and perhaps intimidated) Donovan looked on. In a much imitated sequence that anticipated rock videos, Dylan's fast-talking "Subterranean Homesick Blues" plays on the soundtrack as the singer holds a stack of cue cards with fragments of the lyrics, peeling the cards off and discarding them one by one.
Patti Smith would recall seeing the film so many times she memorized the dialogue.
In a 2000 Associated Press interview, Pennebaker said he didn't know much about Dylan at the time, but watching through his lens, saw "an amazing prodigy. Very smart in an untutored way. He created his own persona right before your eyes. ... He was a compendium of things it takes professors years to figure out — startlingly naive, but smart." He recalled Dylan "went into shock" the first time he saw the film, but then returned a night later, watched it again, then gave his OK.
"He had no idea that one camera sitting on one guy's shoulder could make him feel so naked. ... I've always admired Dylan for letting (the film) go the way it was," he said.
Pennebaker continued to work with Dylan after "Don't Look Back" and was on hand for his raucous European tour in 1966. An all-out rocker by this time, backed by expert and unknown musicians who later became the Band, Dylan performed snarling, defiant versions of "Like a Rolling Stone" and "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" as fans of his folk style booed and heckled.
Dylan was also seen working on music with Johnny Cash, and, looking and sounding strung out, bantering nonsensically with John Lennon in the back of a car in London. But Dylan was reportedly unsatisfied with Pennebaker's cut and reworked the film himself. Some of the footage was released as "Eat the Document" while other parts were used by Martin Scorsese for "No Direction Home," a Dylan PBS documentary released in 2006.
After Dylan, Pennebaker again recorded a musical landmark with "Monterey Pop," a documentary of the 1967 California gathering that was rock's first major festival and featured such current and future stars as Otis Redding, Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin. Pennebaker not only captured some of the rock era's most dynamic performances but the crowds who took them in, including a close-up of an awed Mama Cass during Joplin's explosive "Ball and Chain."
Pennebaker also made a documentary about a 1969 concert in Toronto with John Lennon and a pickup band featuring Eric Clapton. He made films about performers he admired and some he came to enjoy, like Depeche Mode, whose dedicated fans warmed him to their music.
In the 1990s, Pennebaker returned to politics with "The War Room," co-directed by Pennebaker and his wife, Chris Hegedus. This time, the stars weren't the candidates, but those behind the scenes. The filmmakers were granted limited access to Clinton, so the documentary focused on the campaign headquarters in Little Rock, Arkansas, as political strategists and future media stars James Carville and George Stephanopoulos guide the young Arkansas governor's march to the White House.
The film blended raw, ruthless moments such as Stephanopoulos' threatening a phone caller who claimed to have evidence of Clinton's adultery and high emotion.
"Carville, the general, gives a tearful farewell to his troops at the conclusion that is as powerful as any fictional scene that could have been scripted," Associated Press writer Linda Deutsch wrote in her 1993 review of the Oscar-nominated movie. In 2008, some of the key members of Clinton's team were interviewed for "Return of the Room," a look at how campaigns had changed since the first Clinton presidential run.
Pennebaker's later films were made in partnership with Hegedus, whom he married in 1982.
Pennebaker was a longtime resident of Sag Harbor, an oceanside community on the eastern end of Long Island.
Donn Alan Pennebaker, whose father was a commercial photographer, was born in 1925 in Evanston, Illinois. He earned a degree in mechanical engineering at Yale University before going into filmmaking and used his college skills to help develop portable camera equipment used in documentaries and to design a computerized airport reservation system. He completed his first short, "Daybreak Express," in 1953, combining a pulsing Duke Ellington score with a jazzy, shadowy montage of an elevated New York City subway station and its passengers. He also wrote and painted and worked briefly in advertising.
By the late '50s, he had formed Drew Associates with Drew and Richard Leacock and begun work on a series of landmark movies, from "Primary" to "Crisis," about the 1963 standoff between the Kennedy administration and Alabama Governor George Wallace, who was resisting integration at the University of Alabama. Pennebaker would criticize Drew's editing of "Crisis," saying he made it too worshipful of President Kennedy, and cited that as a reason for making films on his own.
"I wanted always to have that control," he told Film Comment in 2017, when he recalled meeting Dylan's manager, Albert Grossman, and being asked to make a documentary.
"He didn't know me very well. We never met before he came to the office. But he could sense that about me, how I wanted to control my work. I wanted to tell my own story. So when Albert came and asked me would I want to go England with Dylan and make a film, film him, I was ready."
Former Associated Press writers Polly Anderson and Larry McShane contributed to this report.
Associated PressjournalistJohn F. KennedyJane FondaGeorge Stephanopoulos
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Rapper A$AP Rocky Charged With Assault Over Fight in Sweden
Videos published on social media appear to show a person being violently thrown onto the ground by Rocky, 30. A defense lawyer has said it was self-defense
By David Keyton • Published July 25, 2019 • Updated on July 25, 2019 at 6:36 pm
A Swedish prosecutor on Thursday charged rapper A$AP Rocky with assault over a fight in Stockholm last month, in a case that has drawn the attention of fellow recording artists as well as U.S. President Donald Trump.
Trump responded with two sharply-worded tweets, calling on Sweden to "Treat Americans fairly!" and criticizing Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven, whom he had personally lobbied, "for being unable to act."
"Give A$AP Rocky his FREEDOM," Trump added. "We do so much for Sweden but it doesn't seem to work the other way around. Sweden should focus on its real crime problem! #FreeRocky"
Rocky, a platinum-selling, Grammy-nominated artist whose real name is Rakim Mayers, has been in custody since July 3 as authorities investigate a fight he was allegedly involved in on June 30 before appearing at a music festival. The case has drawn the attention of a long list of U.S. celebrities, including Sean "Diddy" Combs, Justin Bieber and Kim Kardashian West.
Trump on Saturday tweeted that he had spoken with Lofven about the case and "offered to personally vouch for his bail," even though that's not something available under Swedish law. Urged on by the first lady and celebrities including Kardashian West, the president had said in a Friday tweet that he would intervene to try to free Rocky.
Lofven's press secretary, Toni Eriksson, later said the two leaders had a "friendly and respectful" conversation in which Lofven "made certain to emphasize the complete independence of the Swedish judicial system, prosecutors and courts" and stressed that the government cannot and will not attempt to influence the legal proceedings.
Prosecutor Daniel Suneson said in a statement that he filed charges against the artist and two others "suspected of assault causing actual bodily harm, having come to the conclusion that the events in question constitute a crime and despite claims of self-defense and provocation."
The rapper and the other two suspects, who were described as members of his entourage but not identified, will remain in custody until trial.
The prosecutor has recommended that the Stockholm District Court set aside three days for the trial, which defense lawyer Slobodan Jovicic said is expected to start Tuesday. The charges can carry a maximum sentence of two years in prison.
Videos published on social media appear to show a person being violently thrown onto the ground by Rocky, 30. Trump said in his tweets that he had "watched the tapes of A$AP Rocky" and concluded "he was being followed and harassed by troublemakers."
The rapper asserts that it was self-defense.
But Suneson said he concluded otherwise after studying videos available to investigators.
"It is worth noting that I have had access to a greater amount of material than that which has previously been available on the internet," he said. "In addition to video material, the injured party's statements have been supported by witness statements."
Suneson added that there were initially two injured parties in the case, but the allegations concerning one of them were dropped due to "insufficient supporting evidence" and the charges relate to only one alleged victim. That person has not been identified.
A counter-allegation was made by the artist's bodyguard against one of the alleged victims, but that case was closed earlier this week, the prosecutor said.
Defense lawyer Jovicic said, "Rakim Mayers feels that he acted in self-defense, he is claiming that he is innocent, and in that perspective he of course is very sad."
"There's been a lot of support from a lot of different people, and Rakim Mayers is of course very thankful for everybody that has reached out," Jovicic said. He added that "it's been a very hard time for him."
Rocky has collaborated with Kendrick Lamar, Cardi B, Drake and Selena Gomez.
Sweden's ambassador to Washington, Karin Olofsdotter, told Swedish public broadcaster SVT that she has been forced to call off her summer holiday to deal with the rapper's case. She has had meetings with members of the U.S. Congress, who she said struggled to understand that one can be detained in Sweden without having the opportunity to be released on bail.
Olofsdotter and Jovicic both rejected speculation that racist motives might have played a role in A$AP Rocky's arrest.
"No, no, no. I think that we have not a racist society here," Jovicic said. "I don't see that angle at all."
Donald TrumpPrime Ministerartistpress secretaryBrazilian Real
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Should Wal-Mart pay its workers $12 an hour?
Representatives from Walmart speak to job seekers at a career fair at Cleveland State University on March 4.Amy Sancetta / AP
April 25, 2011, 11:44 AM UTC / Source: Fast Company
By Ariel Schwartz
Walmart is plowing through its global responsibility goals, cutting down on plastic waste, improving energy efficiency in factories, and reshaping the crop diversity of entire U.S. regions. But it's doing a less-than-stellar job when it comes to doing right by its workers. According to a new report (.pdf file) from the University of California, Berkeley, Walmart could significantly raise the wages of its employees without affecting its low prices. Chronically underpaid people around the country could benefit.
When Walmart inevitably moves into cities like New York City, Boston, Los Angeles, and San Francisco (all places where it wants to expand this year), its cheapskate policies could actually lower the local average wages. And since the costs of living a comfortable life march inexorably upward (especially in big cities), this is a problem for all of us.
According to UC Berkeley's report, Walmart employees earn 14.5 percent less than other workers in large retail companies. Depressing stuff, but there is any easy enough fix: If Walmart implemented a $12 per hour minimum wage for all employees, it would cost the company $3.2 billion. That is a lot of money, unless you're Walmart, in which case it's just 1% of your overall annual $305 billion in sales. Even if Walmart passed on the entire burden of the wage increase to customers, it would only average out to a cost increase of 46 cents per shopping trip. That's surely something that most Walmart shoppers can afford.
But they wouldn't even have to. Remember Walmart's exceptional energy-saving plans? Perhaps it could take some of the money it will inevitably save from energy and materials efficiency and pass it on to workers. Or it could--gasp--make slightly less money.
There is reason for Walmart to consider this. If the company raises wages, it might garner more community acceptance in the cities where it is trying to expand. Because who doesn't like the idea of a relatively well-paying employer coming to town? It's an especially big deal when that well-paying employer has 1.4 million members in its work force.
So come on, Walmart: It's time to believe that being good to your workers is as important as making clean energy. We want to stop having to wince when we champion your excellent environmental record.
FastCompany: Walmart crushes its sustainability goals
Read the latest issue of Fast Company
Subscribe to Fast Company
Ariel Schwartz
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"The Grand Budapest Hotel" lets you have your cake and watch it, too
Starring Ralph Fiennes, Tony Revolori, Saoirse Ronan, Edward Norton, Bill Murray, F. Murray Abraham, Jude Law, Tilda Swinton, Willem Dafoe, Adrien Brody and Jeff Goldblum. Written and directed by Wes Anderson. Streaming on YouTube and Google Play. 100 minutes. 14A
I love "The Grand Budapest Hotel" so much, I want to eat it.
This would not surprise writer/director Wes Anderson, whose title hotel resembles an elaborately decorated pink cake and who incorporates delectable pastries into his deliriously daffy plot.
Every meticulously arranged image by the Texas auteur is a visual treat and a comic delight — especially that pink-frosted retreat, which sits among the central European mountains of the Republic of Zubrowka, a place you won’t find via Google Earth.
The film stretches from 1968 to the present day, a chronology indicated most inventively by changing aspect ratios. The main narrative is set in 1932, ominously in between the two world wars.
The Grand Budapest’s doors swing open for many familiar faces: Bill Murray, Owen Wilson, Tilda Swinton, Jason Schwartzman and Bob Balaban, seen in "Bottle Rocket" through "Moonrise Kingdom,"
Anderson’s previous films. But these portals are unable to keep out the agents of something very much like German fascism.
All the more reason why we need the civilizing ministrations of Monsieur Gustave H., the concierge of the Grand Budapest. Played by Ralph Fiennes, new to Anderson’s films and a casting coup, he’s a man of fastidious manner and reckless charm. Gustave pleasures his wealthy female clientele from lobby to bedroom, their age and decrepitude being no obstacle to chamber frolics.
He’s assisted in his official chores by a loyal protégé, lobby boy Zero, who is played by newcomer Tony Revolori, another bit of felicitous casting. So is Saoirse Ronan, another newcomer, who worried without cause that she might not be up to the task of playing a sweet cake baker named Agatha.
As mad as it all sounds, there’s an undercurrent of melancholy to "The Grand Budapest Hotel" that reveals how far Anderson has progressed from the studied irony of his early films.
Impeccable production design is a given with Anderson’s films, but you can sense a maturing of the storytelling that began with "Moonrise Kingdom," Anderson’s 2012 childhood reverie.
When Gustave laments the slide of humanity, he speaks sincerely and across the decades.
I’ve always admired Wes Anderson’s films. This is the first one that truly touched my heart as well as my eyes.
Everything comes marvellously to fruition with "The Grand Budapest Hotel," the grandest of treats.
My fork, waiter, if you please!
(From "Movies I Can't Live Without," by Peter Howell.)
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Interview with Liz Woolley to discuss video game addiction can be tragic
July 26, 2013 - 1:10pm
Andrew_Doan
Joined: 06/13/2011 - 9:37am
Join Melanie and Andrew live on Thursday Aug 1, 2013 at 5:30 AM PST/8:30 AM EST when they interview Liz Woolley, founder of Online Gamers Anonymous to discuss video game addiction can be tragic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lyn17CWPdSk
Andrew Doan MD PhD
My Videos: Internet gaming disorder is real & my story
*The views expressed are of the author's and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the U.S. Navy or Department of Defense.
July 27, 2013 - 10:37pm
bebetterhusband
Last seen: 1 year 11 months ago
Cool Andrew and Liz! Gotta
Cool Andrew and Liz! Gotta figure out how to be there. Sounds great!
OLGA Home Page: "We advocate and provide a 12-Step Program of recovery. For those who are interested in a formalized meeting approach, we provide both a traditional 12-step program and a modified program for atheists and agnostics." I advocate and use the 12 steps programs, which have helped tens of millions of addicts of all kinds recover.
July 28, 2013 - 1:10am
hirshthg
Last seen: 11 months 4 days ago
Joined: 11/15/2010 - 2:06pm
Anonymity? Isn't it supposed
Anonymity?
Isn't it supposed to be Gamers Anonymous?
leveling in steps, serenity, sponcys, sponsors, exercise, and sleep, (sanity has been downsized)
sober from all electronic games since 11/19/2010
hirshthg wrote:
On OLGA yes, but as individuals, we can interview and discuss.
I am not going to debate this, but obviously being Anonymous forever is NOT going to push video game addiction forward in the public's eye.
OLGA has two arms: Online Gamers Anonymous and OLGA Outreach. Cleary, one is anonymous and the other cannot.
Last seen: 3 years 8 months ago
I believe we discussed this
I believe we discussed this at length during our members meeting regarding our plan to change the 11th tradition. I was not at all the meetings but I believe the end result was as Mudphud has quoted above, that we left the original wording:
11. Our public relations policy is based on attraction rather than promotion; we need always maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio and films.
But that we are really two separate organizations, the fellowship and an outreach programme.
Olga/non member since Dec. 2008 Check out my latest video on Gaming Addiction and public awareness https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-6JZLnQ29o
As recovering individuals in
As recovering individuals in OLGA we need to be anonymous in press, radio and films.
As members of the Outreach program (Liz is not a recovering OLGA person), those members don't need to be anonymous.
The problem lies when someone has got one foot in both programs. I could be part of the Outreach program, but in this case--since I am a recovering member of OLGA--I would have to participate anonymously.
mudphud wrote: On OLGA yes,
mudphud wrote:
You are welcome to do in your personal lives what ever you like, however if you are going on the air saying that you are a member of a Anonymous group you look real silly giving out your full name.
Will your audience think that you are authentic or not?
@ Scott: You can vote and do whatever you like, however the consequences for other addicts who have broken their anonymity have been real.
July 29, 2013 - 12:00am
hirshthg wrote: mudphud
On the Air, it's Real Battle Ministries. I am interviewing Liz for my PERSONAL YouTube Channel. Is that clear?
Oh Youtube only thanks for
Oh Youtube only thanks for the clarity.
Why would a public posting on Youtubebe be any differant than on the air?
As far as I know, correct me
As far as I know, correct me if I'm wrong, Mudphud got sober in Celebrate Recovery and I'm not sure if they have the 12 traditions that we have. Possibly they do not. If they do not, he is not familiar with them.
To you and I Hirsh, the 12 traditions mean a lot, and these are also valued in other 12 step programs, but not sure about CR.
I guess the question is, should he follow them as he is now a considerable part of OLGA.
I got sober through God. I
I got sober through God. I volunteer as a Celebrate Recovery leader. I support the 12 Steps but I did not become game free through a 12 Step Program. Regardless, I am not breaking traditions as I do not state I am an OLGA member.
lizwool
I believe we are all here
I believe we are all here for the same cause:
Mission Statement: On-Line Gamers Anonymous is a fellowship of people sharing their experience, strengths and hope to help each other recover and heal from the problems caused by video game addiction.
Liz Woolley
lizwool wrote: I believe we
lizwool wrote:
I just have one question Liz, on air are you anonymous or not?
Patria wrote:
As far as I know, correct me if I'm wrong, Mudphud got sober in Celebrate Recovery and I'm not sure if they have the 12 traditions that we have. Possibly they do not. If they do not, he is not familiar with them. I guess the question is, should he follow them as he is now a considerable part of OLGA.
I am not worried about Mudphud because I know that the only reason I made it this far is because jesus strikes me sober every time I see mudphuds profile.
I am only concerned about liz.
hirshthg wrote: lizwool
Liz is the founder and she also heads the OLGA Outreach. She has every right to represent herself and as the founder of OLGA. I'm not sure why you're so angry.
I'll ignore your Jesus comment as Jesus can defend himself. ;)
mudphud wrote: Liz is the
Liz as well as everyone else in On "Line Gamer's Anonymous" has every right to go out there and do whatever they like. I am not angry at her or you Andy however I think you are getting carried away from the spiritual principles which every spiritual being needs to service, in exchange for a title ride which helps no one.
I think that the mother of gamer is a much more significant message to another family member or to a gamer then being a founder of a movement. When anyone breaks the spirituel (human) principles of anonymity what you are really doing is removing yourself from your true title as a person and making yourself into a movement or a office, not a person.
I will be fine one way or the other. Enjoy the interview.
I see your point. We are focusing on her experiences as a mother to tell her son's story. OLGA Founder is a title.
In the interview, Melanie and I are focusing on the signs and symptoms of addiction, Shawn's decline with gaming, and the addictive design of gaming.
Thank you Andy. We are all
Thank you Andy. We are all in this together.
I can say this...both OLGA
I can say this...both OLGA and Real Battle Ministries have been extremely helpful from the perspective of mom of a gamer. I wish both organizations well and appreciate that the focus is on helping others affected by this addiction. I think the 12-step OLGA program is a bit unique in that it is online which makes it more "public" maybe than other "standard" 12 step programs and there are very few f2f meetings available. But maybe there are a number of 12 step programs online (I've not investigated). I really think we need to get the word out to more parents who are uninformed or misinformed. I believe gamers and parents alike are qualified to do this. It needs to go beyond OLGA because most parents won't come here unless they're in distress.
August 1, 2013 - 7:25am
Broadcast may be watched
Broadcast may be watched live at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n7ekQWgQU0#at=1378
We are starting 15 min late.
August 1, 2013 - 11:15am
Full interview posted:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8n7ekQWgQU0
August 1, 2013 - 2:58pm
AWESOME! Great video. I was
Great video.
I was going to post a comment, but it wouldn't let me. This is what I was going to say:
"I relate a lot to Andrew's experience in gaming, where the game was a second job. I was very responsible in that game: showed up at all the fights, gathered herbs, made pots, made $$, either "tanked" or "healed" when in raids; I was an "officer" in the guild; it was considered important to be there on time. Yet, my real life job was telling me I was not performing well, my home life was a mess, my husband was disgusted with me, and to top it off I spent a lot of real money. Glad I quit."
Games weren't given to me as a kid; video games didn't exist. But I did get cancer at age 55 and was told that gaming would help me survive the effects of chemo. So I bought a game; several games. I didn't get hooked on games that ended (Scrabble, Mahjong) but someone at work recommended a MMORPG, and the minute I played that game I was addicted.
I'm shocked that in the last 10 years there still isn't recognition that gaming can be an addiction. I didn't know anything about it; if I had known, I wouldn't have bought the first one.
Parents aren't to be blamed; very few people are telling them the truth about what can happen. Innocent lives are going down the tubes not knowing what is in store for them.
As for us adults, most of my co-workers (women) play Farmville at work and according to Jonathan Blow, that game is even more addictive than World of Warcraft (my drug of choice).
Lots of work to be done. I'm trying to pass the word on in my AA meetings; because even there many people play games, young and old alike. The young like the fps and mmorpgs, the old seem to prefer the Facebook games.
Lots of work to be done, and all we can do is spread the news.
Patria wrote: Lots of work
YES!!! Spread the news!!! That's my goal! :)
Patria, are you up for an anonymous interview? You can turn your camera off! :)
We have over 5200 followers on our Facebook Page:
https://www.facebook.com/realbattleministries
My Andrew Doan Facebook Page has over 11900 followers:
https://www.facebook.com/DrAndrewDoan
And Hooked on Games has over 14,100 followers!!!
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Hooked-On-Games-The-Lure-and-Cost-of-Video-Game-Internet-Addiction/282030421824746
My Christian Recovery Resource Page has over 84,000 followers too:
https://www.facebook.com/ChristianRecoveryResource
The word WILL get out! :)
May Light
Andrew, this is a great
Andrew, this is a great video, thanks to you, Liz and Melaine.It is very informative and an eye opener to many parents no doubt.
You are doing a great service to families, societies and humanity as a whole by spreading the awareness of the dangers of gaming addiction to the parents. A big THANK YOU!
There is another aspect which I like to bring to your attention how games can creep up into the homes. This is our family's story : We as a family were very careful not to expose our children to electronic devices. We encouraged and spent a lot of time with our children to establish healty habits; healthy outdoor activities, healthy eating, balanced life etc. We bought their first Xbox when they were in upper primary years (we finally gave in and bought it because our children were being left out in the conversations with their friends;games were just about the only thing their friends were talking about!) but our children were only allowed max 45 minutes per day which they accepted the rule (there were times they tried to push the limit but, it would only be a few minutes more).Then they started Year 7.The world of never ending internet based assignments....Just imagine a young boy going through adolescence in a competetive world and there is a constant homework pressure. When he meets with his friends at school,they talk about games, forums etc. When they are home doing their homework on the computer, you can't just sit and watch them. It is only a click away to reach these sites while they are doing their work. They are curious and they like to be able to talk about them with their friends.As a parent you have no idea because as soon as they hear you coming, they just click and they are back to their assignment.. If things are progressing normally with their grades and other aspects in life you wouldn't have a clue.By the time you realize things are not as it used to be and trying to figure out what is going on, it may already be too late and addiction might have already crept in.
Even though as parents we could be informed and very careful about internet/gaming but if the internet is constantly required for their school work, student under pressure may want to escape this fantasy world for a bit of a break. More and more into this world as time progresses and the next thing you know, your child is addicted. And it may take ages for you to figure out exactly what is going on because you have no idea how often and how long they escaped into this fantasy world.
Therefore schools should be made aware of this and maybe internet based assignments should be limited or given only to be completed at school. I am just throwing a few ideas here but I strongly believe there has to be an awareness by the school management that internet based assignments are the easiest and the quickest way to hook these teenagers who might be feeling the pressures of academic life and the life in general. They can easily fool their parents into believing that they are busy doing their homework. And when the parents notice the changes in their children, it is already too late!
Hope, It all makes some sense.
"The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past. You can't go on well in life until you let go of your past failures and heartaches." "The first step toward change is acceptance." "Once you accept yourself, you open the door to change. That's all you have to do." "Change is not something you do, it's something you allow."- Will Garcia
FYI CR differs in some
FYI CR differs in some important respects from other 12 Step groups.
They do not have 12 traditions, instead 8 PrinciplesCopyright and usage is more tightly controlled than NA or AA and most groups are required to have Christian churches as sponsors
And of course membership is open to Christians only...
Celebrate Recovery ... have the 12 traditions that we have. Possibly they do not.
May Light, So true. We were
May Light,
So true. We were able to manage very closely prior to 9th grade when internet was required for homework, then management became a nightmare. I think it may have helped if we had used a monitoring program like Spector Pro from the very beginning.
http://www.spectorsoft.com/products/SpectorPro_Windows/
I'm not advocating this particular program (just the one we happened to purchase). It's on my son's laptop now, but he's not using the laptop (he uses a computer at work, supervised), so we really haven't had much experience with it.
Additionally, a conversation on OLGA about monitoring, etc.
http://www.olganon.org/?q=node/5650
Tommi, I didn't think CR had
Tommi, I didn't think CR had the 12 traditions. The way you quoted me sounds as if I thought CR had them. Glad you clarified it.
Mudphud, I'd be happy to be interviewed, Give me a week or two to write out my story. Not to read it, just to clarify in mind the sequence of events. My doctor tells me that several of his senior patients are now gaming and he's not happy about it. It's an easy thing for seniors to get trapped in, when what they really need is exercise and exploring the world.
As for parents, my step son and his wife chose not to have computers in the house until the kids were supposed to use them for school work. I thought (since I've used computers since 1971) that he was wrong to do this. He was right, I was wrong. They did was not monitor the kids; what they did is make sure they did things as a family: hiking, backpacking, vacations, reading together, camping, board games with all their friends, bicycling, lots and lots of activities. As a consequence their 3 kids are in cross-country running, bicycling, all three play a musical instrument (two clarinets and one horn), father plays clarinet, mother plays guitar, mother bicycles, runs and swims, father runs 5 miles a day, all play musical instruments together, etc.
The thing is, their son sometimes plays a game or two online, but he gets bored with it an hour later and then picks up his book to read.
My stepson was right about their choices for the kids. I was wrong. They all use computers now to do their homework, but they can't wait to get off the computers to do something else.
As for friends, all their friends are in music, cross country running, and service work. I forgot to mention, my daughter-in-law has always volunteered at the local hospital to hug and hold babies who are getting treatment but the families work and can't be there every second. She takes her two daughters and they all love doing this together. The point is the kids are doing what the adults are doing, and all do it together.
People don't raise kids; they are raising adults.
WoW Parent
Pat, I completely agree that
Pat, I completely agree that it's important to keep kids involved in activities and I also love the idea of keeping computer usage restricted to need, rather than entertainment. We'd most certainly have done that had we known how cunning and attractive the MMORPGs are. I can't imagine a household without a computer these days. I'd say close to 50% of our neighbors work remotely and that seems to be the trend for the future.
Our son was active...extremely active with a large circle of good friends. He didn't get obsessed with gaming until he played WoW (one month after its release), and that coincided with a sports injury that prevented him from playing football, wrestling, etc. It took no more than 4 months before he was hopelessly hooked.
I think it's important to educate people about the dangers of gaming addiction. If we'd been aware, we'd have prohibited it the same way we did use of alcohol, drugs, etc. He could have spent his time playing chess!
WOW Mom, my experience is
WOW Mom, my experience is just like your's. I didn't know. And because of that I bought WOW for both grandsons (my step-daughters sons) and for myself. I got addicted in about one week.
Luckily my stepson wanted nothing to do with computers in the house. Where he got that idea I don't know. I've used computers since he was a youngster, and his best friend is a computer engineer. But he didn't want it in the house.
My step-daughters sons became as addicted as I was. But luckily both have stopped playing. Me, too.
Wished I'd known. It would have saved me a lot of grief.
August 2, 2013 - 10:12pm
Pat and WoW Parent, I
Pat and WoW Parent,
I completely agree with almost everything you said.
But what I am trying to emphasize is that: this is a battle needs to be fought in two fronts not just one. Unless we raise the awareness of the existence of the second front, we can't win this battle.
Pat,our family's view in raising children were pretty much similar to your step son's and his family's views. Our children were involved in everything we considered healthy and necessary for a balanced, healthy life. We as a family, did a lot of activities together right from the start: camping, hiking, playing board games, holidaying with other families of similar age group kids, cycling, fishing, canoing,reading together every night etc. you name it, we did it. They were involved in various sports via school or clubs, soccer, basketball, tennis, swimming etc, some of them at representative level for years. Played musical instruments (piono, trumpet, guitar etc), pretty **** good levels too. They were involved in debating, drama etc. To cut the long story short we did everything to provide them a balanced life and they were happy children with lots of friends and as you said, they enjoyed reading books when they were tired of pysical activities (not obsessive reading, reading for pleasure, and relaxation).
They only started using computers to do their homework after Year 7. The only game console we bought them was an Xbox and only when they were at upper primary. And it wasn't connected to the internet. They were mainly playing some fun games(the ones they would hear from other kids at school) on their own for 45 minutes a day after school. They were doing great at school academically too because they were involved in holiday science activities, puzzle solving sort of many brain developing activities as well. In other words, I believe we have done everything to provide them a stimulating environment with full of healthy activities, some as a family, some individual and some with friends. Our kids were probably the only ones among our circle of friends without access to the computer and the internet until school work started in Year 7.
I believe we won the battle in one front!
But when they were in Year 9, 10, in other words when they were 15, 16 years old with heaps of school work, we kind of left them alone to concentrate to do their work during school terms while still driving them from one activity to another in between. After all, all these years they have proven to us, year after year that they were responsible, hard working, conscientious, good kids with a well balanced life. We sort of felt that the good habits were instilled in them and they were on the right track.
But we were not aware of the existince of the second front at that time. We thought, as parents we were very diligent in keeping our home pretty much game and computer, internet free, so we were safe.
But unfortunately what we weren't aware at the time was it didn't end there... For as long as schools continue to give internet based assignments, kids at a vulnarable age might be attracted to these games as a break from their work. Like in any addiction, majority of people will do in moderation but there are some who will have the tendency to be addicted. Your step sons' children, like my other child, were not interested in games and could easily get bored even if they played. But I had no idea before, that my younger one had a tendency (or addictive gene, the scientists are talking about recently) to play excessively when under stress. Not being aware of the second front, the addiction issue hit us hard when it was least expected. And personally I feel kind of betrayed by the school system because all our hard work for many years trying to raise balanced, responsible adults were thrown out of the window, in my son's case by giving them internet based assignment after assignment. I have been to the school once expressing my concern of them being on the computer for hours to do their homework (at that time I was mainly concerned about their eye sight and general physical health).
While we try to raise awareness for parents (which may help children to be internet/game free till the age of 15,16) unless we try to raise awareness to the schools , it will be only half the battle won.There is so much pressure on today's parents. I constantly felt like rowing our boat against the current to protect our childen from the dangers of modern living.
I am so glad your grandchildren are enjoying life through many healthy activities and I sincerely hope it stays that way because in our case it took a dramatic turn at the age of 16. I do not wish this even to my enemy.
By the way, WoW parent, it is funny that you mentioned about playing chess in your post above:
"I think it's important to educate people about the dangers of gaming addiction. If we'd been aware, we'd have prohibited it the same way we did use of alcohol, drugs, etc. He could have spent his time playing chess!"
My son was a very good chess player and still is and represented his school in chess till he dropped out of school!!
mommy3, thank you for the
mommy3, thank you for the links.
If we could only travel back time with today's knowledge and understanding of the battle in the second front!
I don't understand what the
I don't understand what the two fronts are to the battle.
I understand there needs to be more awareness for parents, kids, education, society; absolutely.
And it isn't just kids. I played with a lot of addicts 25-55, and now I hear it's very popular with the senior population. It's a worldwide problem. If I had known about it I wouldn't have gotten addicted because I wouldn't have bought one to begin with.
But what is the other front? confused.
I probably shouldn't have brought up my step-son and his kids as examples of what kind of childhood could possibly work to prevent kids from getting addicted to games. I meant it as a guide to young parents who don't know what to do with their children. Young parents who might see a blooming problem but don't know what to do.
But that won't prevent kids from getting addicted to games later on if they choose to play, including my grandkids. I brought my son's experience up because at the time I thought he was being silly: preventing them from using the computers when everyone else was; I thought he was being excessive. It turns out he was right because many of his friends ended up with game-addicted kids also.
Gaming addiction reaches all ages and all points of life from the very young to the very old. And once a person becomes addicted to it, then it's another point altogether.
I totally understand the parents frustrations once their kids become addicted; especially something they bought innocently for the kids to have fun with, and it turned around and bit them in the butt. The anger you must experience at how this can possibly happen when you care so much about your kids and trying to raise them to be happy individuals, only to have an addiction enter your houses when you least expected it.
We don't give booze, drugs, or porn to our kids. We wouldn't think of it. Yet I gave games to my other two grandsons (not the ones mentioned) and they both became addicted. And I didn't know they would...not at the time.
But some parents with young children don't know what to do about their children and what to do with them instead of letting them game. My suggestion was my son's idea. That's all. Just an example.
Sorry Pat, I should have
Sorry Pat, I should have made my point clearer. I totally agree with you that it is a world wide problem affecting people from all walks of life.
All the videos I watched and interviews I listened about gaming addiction seem to address educating parents about the dangers of the gaming, which is great. I totally agree with you that there may be a lot of young parents not knowing about the dangers of gaming or not knowing what to do with their kids, therefore educating them is upmost important. That is what I called 'first front of the battle'.
By 'second front of the battle', I was referring to educating the schools about the dangers of the internet and the on-line gaming, so that the schools would not encourage the students in using the internet for their school work. Since I haven't come accross with a video emphasizing this point, I thought it would be worth while to bring this aspect to Andrew's attention, in my post yesterday.
I am glad you gave your son's family as an example, because I could totally relate to it. And it made it a lot easier for me to stress my point.
I hope we all see the sun shine again in our lives sooner than later!
Take care of yourself and enjoy your weekend!
May Light wrote: By 'second
May Light wrote:
Melanie and I agree! Schools are fighting this, convinced that our kids need to be "trained for the digital world". However, they forget that NONE of the teachers 45 years and older worked with technology as children like kids today and the teachers are doing fine with email, the Internet, and Smartphones.
These schools also ignore this:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/23/technology/at-waldorf-school-in-silicon-valley-technology-can-wait.html?pagewanted=all
A Silicon Valley School That Doesn't ComputeBy MATT RICHTEL
LOS ALTOS, Calif. -- The chief technology officer of eBay sends his children to a nine-classroom school here. So do employees of Silicon Valley giants like Google, Apple, Yahoo and Hewlett-Packard.
But the school's chief teaching tools are anything but high-tech: pens and paper, knitting needles and, occasionally, mud. Not a computer to be found. No screens at all. They are not allowed in the classroom, and the school even frowns on their use at home.
Schools nationwide have rushed to supply their classrooms with computers, and many policy makers say it is foolish to do otherwise. But the contrarian point of view can be found at the epicenter of the tech economy, where some parents and educators have a message: computers and schools don't mix.
This is the Waldorf School of the Peninsula, one of around 160 Waldorf schools in the country that subscribe to a teaching philosophy focused on physical activity and learning through creative, hands-on tasks. Those who endorse this approach say computers inhibit creative thinking, movement, human interaction and attention spans.
The Waldorf method is nearly a century old, but its foothold here among the digerati puts into sharp relief an intensifying debate about the role of computers in education.
"I fundamentally reject the notion you need technology aids in grammar school," said Alan Eagle, 50, whose daughter, Andie, is one of the 196 children at the Waldorf elementary school; his son William, 13, is at the nearby middle school. "The idea that an app on an iPad can better teach my kids to read or do arithmetic, that's ridiculous."
Mr. Eagle knows a bit about technology. He holds a computer science degree from Dartmouth and works in executive communications at Google, where he has written speeches for the chairman, Eric E. Schmidt. He uses an iPad and a smartphone. But he says his daughter, a fifth grader, "doesn't know how to use Google," and his son is just learning. (Starting in eighth grade, the school endorses the limited use of gadgets.)
Three-quarters of the students here have parents with a strong high-tech connection. Mr. Eagle, like other parents, sees no contradiction. Technology, he says, has its time and place: "If I worked at Miramax and made good, artsy, rated R movies, I wouldn't want my kids to see them until they were 17."
While other schools in the region brag about their wired classrooms, the Waldorf school embraces a simple, retro look -- blackboards with colorful chalk, bookshelves with encyclopedias, wooden desks filled with workbooks and No. 2 pencils.
On a recent Tuesday, Andie Eagle and her fifth-grade classmates refreshed their knitting skills, crisscrossing wooden needles around balls of yarn, making fabric swatches. It's an activity the school says helps develop problem-solving, patterning, math skills and coordination. The long-term goal: make socks.
Down the hall, a teacher drilled third-graders on multiplication by asking them to pretend to turn their bodies into lightning bolts. She asked them a math problem -- four times five -- and, in unison, they shouted "20" and zapped their fingers at the number on the blackboard. A roomful of human calculators.
In second grade, students standing in a circle learned language skills by repeating verses after the teacher, while simultaneously playing catch with bean bags. It's an exercise aimed at synchronizing body and brain. Here, as in other classes, the day can start with a recitation or verse about God that reflects a nondenominational emphasis on the divine.
Andie's teacher, Cathy Waheed, who is a former computer engineer, tries to make learning both irresistible and highly tactile. Last year she taught fractions by having the children cut up food -- apples, quesadillas, cake -- into quarters, halves and sixteenths.
"For three weeks, we ate our way through fractions," she said. "When I made enough fractional pieces of cake to feed everyone, do you think I had their attention?"
Some education experts say that the push to equip classrooms with computers is unwarranted because studies do not clearly show that this leads to better test scores or other measurable gains.
Is learning through cake fractions and knitting any better? The Waldorf advocates make it tough to compare, partly because as private schools they administer no standardized tests in elementary grades. And they would be the first to admit that their early-grade students may not score well on such tests because, they say, they don't drill them on a standardized math and reading curriculum.
When asked for evidence of the schools' effectiveness, the Association of Waldorf Schools of North America points to research by an affiliated group showing that 94 percent of students graduating from Waldorf high schools in the United States between 1994 and 2004 attended college, with many heading to prestigious institutions like Oberlin, Berkeley and Vassar.
Of course, that figure may not be surprising, given that these are students from families that value education highly enough to seek out a selective private school, and usually have the means to pay for it. And it is difficult to separate the effects of the low-tech instructional methods from other factors. For example, parents of students at the Los Altos school say it attracts great teachers who go through extensive training in the Waldorf approach, creating a strong sense of mission that can be lacking in other schools.
Absent clear evidence, the debate comes down to subjectivity, parental choice and a difference of opinion over a single world: engagement. Advocates for equipping schools with technology say computers can hold students' attention and, in fact, that young people who have been weaned on electronic devices will not tune in without them.
Ann Flynn, director of education technology for the National School Boards Association, which represents school boards nationwide, said computers were essential. "If schools have access to the tools and can afford them, but are not using the tools, they are cheating our children," Ms. Flynn said.
Paul Thomas, a former teacher and an associate professor of education at Furman University, who has written 12 books about public educational methods, disagreed, saying that "a spare approach to technology in the classroom will always benefit learning."
"Teaching is a human experience," he said. "Technology is a distraction when we need literacy, numeracy and critical thinking."
And Waldorf parents argue that real engagement comes from great teachers with interesting lesson plans.
"Engagement is about human contact, the contact with the teacher, the contact with their peers," said Pierre Laurent, 50, who works at a high-tech start-up and formerly worked at Intel and Microsoft. He has three children in Waldorf schools, which so impressed the family that his wife, Monica, joined one as a teacher in 2006.
And where advocates for stocking classrooms with technology say children need computer time to compete in the modern world, Waldorf parents counter: what's the rush, given how easy it is to pick up those skills?
"It's supereasy. It's like learning to use toothpaste," Mr. Eagle said. "At Google and all these places, we make technology as brain-dead easy to use as possible. There's no reason why kids can't figure it out when they get older."
There are also plenty of high-tech parents at a Waldorf school in San Francisco and just north of it at the Greenwood School in Mill Valley, which doesn't have Waldorf accreditation but is inspired by its principles.
California has some 40 Waldorf schools, giving it a disproportionate share -- perhaps because the movement is growing roots here, said Lucy Wurtz, who, along with her husband, Brad, helped found the Waldorf high school in Los Altos in 2007. Mr. Wurtz is chief executive of Power Assure, which helps computer data centers reduce their energy load.
The Waldorf experience does not come cheap: annual tuition at the Silicon Valley schools is $17,750 for kindergarten through eighth grade and $24,400 for high school, though Ms. Wurtz said financial assistance was available. She says the typical Waldorf parent, who has a range of elite private and public schools to choose from, tends to be liberal and highly educated, with strong views about education; they also have a knowledge that when they are ready to teach their children about technology they have ample access and expertise at home.
The students, meanwhile, say they don't pine for technology, nor have they gone completely cold turkey. Andie Eagle and her fifth-grade classmates say they occasionally watch movies. One girl, whose father works as an Apple engineer, says he sometimes asks her to test games he is debugging. One boy plays with flight-simulator programs on weekends.
The students say they can become frustrated when their parents and relatives get so wrapped up in phones and other devices. Aurad Kamkar, 11, said he recently went to visit cousins and found himself sitting around with five of them playing with their gadgets, not paying attention to him or each other. He started waving his arms at them: "I said: 'Hello guys, I'm here.' "
Finn Heilig, 10, whose father works at Google, says he liked learning with pen and paper -- rather than on a computer -- because he could monitor his progress over the years.
"You can look back and see how sloppy your handwriting was in first grade. You can't do that with computers 'cause all the letters are the same," Finn said. "Besides, if you learn to write on paper, you can still write if water spills on the computer or the power goes out."
Gettingalife
Quote: “I fundamentally
Hear, hear. Tuned in, smart parent/educator. Lay a strong foundation in the first 6 yrs minimum, 12 yrs ideal, and a human has good odds for navigating life. Technology is an accessory, not an essential.
And Andy, you might be surprised by the number of teachers over 45 who've checked out and are online rather than teaching.
Acceptance. When I am disturbed, it is because a person, place, thing, or situation is unacceptable to me. I find no serenity until I accept my life as being exactly the way it is meant to be. Nothing happens in God’s world by mistake. Acknowledge the problem, but live the solution!
Hi All, This is a great
This is a great discussion. Having worked in schools as a career, and having had a child with developmental challenges and gaming addiction, I have to say, at least in our area, that public schools fall terribly short in a variety of areas, so short that we're not going to be able to change any time soon. That's not to say that schools don't contain wonderful staff. I worked with some of the most committed hardworking people I've ever known. Our school system (at least in our state) is just not equipped to go beyond what's required, since "simply" teaching to the standard is difficult enough.
States are concerned with budgets and Administrators are concerned with test scores, for the most part. I've found, that thankfully, most teachers are genuine concerned about their student learning and life-long success and well-being, but find limited funds and unreasonable pressures to perform on standardized tests (to name a few) extremely intrusive to the process. It's not easy.
Kids with learning challenges and kids prone to addiction are still the minority. State educators focus on the masses, so these factors, unfortunately, will not motivate change any time soon. In my opinion, while some public schools provide top notch service, most of us will need to look elsewhere for schools that will provide more unique and specific curriculum (private, charter, magnet, homeschooling, etc). Unfortunately, many of the alternatives are simply not in the average family budget and public schools discourage students from seeking other options (since they lose funds).
Sorry to sound so negative. I'm all for change and improvement in the schools, but it seems we've been trying to "get it right" for just too long. I'm much more energized by what I see outside of the norm. I'd like to see these schools (like the one's mentioned in the article) become more accessible and affordable to everyone.
In summary, while few have the opportunity, I'm thankful I was able to homeschool for three years and to send my son to a Middle College as well. Trying to fight the system was just way too exhausting (even having worked in the field).
Note: We too did all the activities we thought would propel our children into a healthy and successful future. Both my children were given the same access to love, support, stimulation and activites. One ended up on the path of addiction, the other, not at all. Try as we may, we can't possibly assure the desired outcome for our children (and I know no one is suggesting this). We do our best, love 'um, then have to let them go. We pray that they will make the right choice, eventually, and that all those little lessons we taught them along the way come back to the surface eventually. For me, this has been the year of "letting go" and realizing that it is not for me to decide the fate of my childs future, but is in the hands of their creator.
Thank you for the great read
Thank you for the great read Andrew.
It is good to know that realization has started among some. I couldn't agree more with Mr Eagle's comment below. It is not a rocket science, give these young minds a few days, they will be experts...
"And where advocates for stocking classrooms with technology say children need computer time to compete in the modern world, Waldorf parents counter: what's the rush, given how easy it is to pick up those skills?
I think some teachers are using internet to replace their teaching. Instead of reading from their books or learning from their teachers, the students are expected to learn from the internet via internet based assignments.
It is so concerning to hear from friends that nowadays even the preschools have computers for 3-4 year old kids.
Kate1song
Last seen: 4 years 12 months ago
Joined: 10/15/2010 - 10:19am
With all due respect,
With all due respect, teachers are not replacing teaching with computer usage. It's just not possible.
If that were to happen, at least in my school district, that teacher wouldn't last long.
Not that the computers aren't used as tools, they are.
I agree that having your kid sit in front of a computer won't make them smarter. It's important to teach kids good comunication skills and writing is essential, as is reading.
My son reads on an electronic reader though. He's got 20 books on it. Does using that electronic reader it make him smarter? no.
But I like not having to deal with 20 paperbacks.
We are also practicing Spanish via a website. It works pretty good.
Addiction is the enemy, not technology.
May Light wrote: Thank you
Technology too early is causing brain underdevelopment of specific skills.
mudphud wrote: Technology
overuse... correct? The only research I could find involved a study of those who use smart phones for more than 7 hours a day reporting memory issues... but 7 hours a day? a kid wanting to be online like that has got to have preexisting conditions... I can't imagine my son having the desire for that...
I think it's kind of which came first, chicken or egg?
My friend's son is on the computer constantly... But he is also diagnosed with ADD at a really early age and takes meds twice a day... he has really tough issues, but I am thinking his obsession with gaming has more to do with his issues, rather than the gaming causing it...
What I am trying to say is.. some kids are vulnerable...
Look at this way, if parents
Look at this way, if parents expose a child to smoking at the age of two (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4c_wI6kQyE), then the result is a baby who smokes.
I would argue that there are kids who are predisposed and those that are being created by their environment. It's not exclusively one way or the other.
Our brains only have 24 hours a day to develop. Where and how we focus our brains will determine who we are.
And from one of the videos
And from one of the videos that were posted here earlier (TED talks) about brain development, Dr. Amen said that brains aren't fully developed in humans until the age of 25. Wow! Even the insurance companies know this as rates decline with the 25+ population.
Getting back to the original
Getting back to the original post about the harms of gaming addiction, getting the word out there to parents, to society, to everyone is a valid mission.
The second part of that mission, beyond getting the information, is what to do on this website to help parents, individuals, and the addicts themselves, to find relief. I've noticed that there are significant number of "moms" joining OLGA for help, not sure if they found us because of this program presented by Mudphud, but find us they did.
Hopefully all those sons and daughters who have the addiction will find us too.
We have chat meetings at certain times, but we have very few sponsors to go around the existing group of recovery people. Somewhere in our quest for more adequate information, we also need to focus, too, on recovery. Right now have just enough help for the people who are already here. We don't have extra for many more newcomers. Any thoughts on this?
May Light wrote: For as
For as long as schools continue to give internet based assignments, kids at a vulnarable age might be attracted to these games as a break from their work. Like in any addiction, majority of people will do in moderation but there are some who will have the tendency to be addicted. Your step sons' children, like my other child, were not interested in games and could easily get bored even if they played. But I had no idea before, that my younger one had a tendency (or addictive gene, the scientists are talking about recently) to play excessively when under stress.
It's not likely that those types of assignments will go away soon. Last year a new evaluation system was rolled out for teachers and a significant part of it is centered around the use of technology in teaching.
My son is this. He can pick up a game.. and put it down. I've never seen him obsessed with anything. I've outlawed all MMO type rolplay games, basically because of the chat involved, but he still games with his friends on the WII on occasion. I just can't seem to equate gaming with smoking.
Child development, school, parent and teacher comments just seems to be an issue for a different type of website IMHO.
I apologize if I offended
I apologize if I offended anyone by expressing my opinion based on personal experience.
I had no intention of blaming schools or teachers neither for my son's problem nor for internet/gaming addiction issues in general.
When the parents are warned about the dangers of gaming addiction, the idea is to educate the parents, not to blame them.
Similarly I thought it is worth while to warn the teachers and the schools about the dangers of gaming addiction and excessive use of internet, not with an intention of blaming them but informing them.
Referring to Kate1song's comment below:
Child development, school, parent and teacher blaming just seems to be an issue for a different type of website IMHO.
We are all here because either ourselves or a loved one is suffering from gaming addiction. Supporting each other is the main reason of this site I realize. And I am grateful to warm welcome and support I received from the members. But I believe the site is enriched with lots of information, videos, links, books aiming to warn the parents and community in general about the gaming addiction issue. As hard as it was for me, I thought sharing my personal experience might help others to be more vigilent about how excessive internet usage via schools might be another trap for the young minds.
Kate1song wrote: I just
Kate1song wrote:
I just can't seem to equate gaming with smoking.
Good point. I have to think about this, as I've equated it with smoking. But I need to rethink it.
Ahh.. May, I'm sorry. I
Ahh.. May, I'm sorry. I didn't mean to come off as critical of what you wrote in the thread, it's just that gaming addiction is a really complex problem, too hard to point fingers and any institutions in general.
I actually went back and read some of the stories of the long time anon members who commented in this thread and some of their comments I found really relavant.
WOWparent talked about her son being an extremely respected member of a very demanding guild. That's really significant when it comes to dealing with the gamer. Much of the endless levelling and wee hours of the night gaming have to do with the social aspect of these games.
It's not just as simple as a drug that affects one's mind a certain way.. There is an entire social peer pressure, status thing that is just as addicting as the pressing of the buttons.. maybe more so?
IMO that is a separate issue in and of itself.
On the other hand, many gamers here on Olga compulsively played single player games on end...
I visited an addictions counsellor when I was trying to quit and honestly, he had no clue.
Kate1song wrote: mudphud
I agree with you kate that a lot of the technology is a tool and not a hinderance to education, however that can't be the same for all technology. For instance if a kid brings a calculator to math class and every time he needs to do a problem he just uses the calculator, his mind will never learn the math.
In history class, if every time a kids needs to remember a date of war or what ever, and they just goggle it, they will never memorize our past.
Personally I use goggle as a spell check, because not even word can understand what I am writing half the time. Do I abuse it? Somewhat. I do spend time memorizing spelling, but most of the time I misspell horribly and goggle the whole sentence and goggle figures out from context (not from the word I wrote) what I was trying to say.
I think artificial stimulants and automatic information without having to work for it has a down side. Not with all technology, but with some of it.
I will agree with you that on this site we fight the addiction, but it is also our place to call it's sometimes out on the carpet when it is undefendable.
No worries Kate! I totally
No worries Kate! I totally agree with you that gaming addiction is a very complex problem and the reasons and the degrees may vary from one person to another. Raising awareness is a good starting point.
Since it is a fairly new problem, professionals don't have a clue, you are right. This is probably why 6 different professionals suggested 6 different things in our case!
Hope we all see the light at the end of the tunnel soon...
Patria wrote: Kate1song
It's the same when gaming stimulate dopamine pathways. Did you know cocaine stimulates dopamine and catecholamines? If gaming stimulate dopmaine pathway, then it is a digital drug.
Did you know gaming is used on children so doctors can perform painful procedures?
It's a digital drug, digital pain killer, and digital anti-depressant. Thus, it's very similar to smoking.
mudphud wrote: Patria
I get that. But any activity that bring pleasure stimulates dopamine pathways. One can attempt to demonize the activity of gaming but the enemy here is addiction.
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College is for Everyone
By Drew Woodward
In celebration of OneGoal’s 10-year anniversary, we sought to collect reflections from some of the numerous individuals who have helped build the organization. Drew Woodward, Director of Guidance at BMC Durfee High School in Fall River, Massachusetts, was instrumental in bringing OneGoal to his school two years ago. Here he reflects on why he took a chance on a new college access-and-success program.
After first learning about OneGoal, we knew we had to get involved. At the time, OneGoal was looking to expand outside of Boston and I believed Durfee would be a great fit. We were initially attracted to the support offered to both teachers and students, as well as the data showcasing the success of the program.
Our school at large does a great job of working with the most academically-motivated students, but there is a growing population of first-generation students at Durfee who could be very successful in college — they just need extra support. OneGoal gives us another opportunity to support those students who aren’t necessarily the highest-achieving, or the ones who know they want to go to college.
Part of our mission is to help students recognize their potential and work toward it – to help them build their confidence that college is attainable and realistic for their futures. Our partnership with OneGoal is a great resource toward this end.
And the support doesn’t end when they graduate high school. OneGoal has partnered with area colleges, such as Bridgewater State and a few others so that Fellows can form a crew with other OneGoal students from Fall River and New Bedford. We know that when students are able to build a support network with other students who can relate to them, they’re more likely to succeed, which is an awesome benefit.
What I love most about OneGoal is that it’s not a workshop that students attend once, but rather it’s a college success program that’s built into the classroom. In addition, it’s a homegrown model that delivers content by Durfee teachers, so it’s not strangers from outside the Fall River community coming in and changing everything.
By working with teachers who are already involved in the school, you create a sense of trust and confidence within students, which has already improved the school culture. Most of the students are really bought in and they’re really enthusiastic about the support they’re getting. They’ve bonded with each other and formed a community among their class, as well as the other cohorts.
We have older students who are telling the younger ones, “Trust me, it’s worth it.”
I witnessed one awesome example of how powerful the program is at the induction ceremony for our new Fellows earlier this year. It was a challenge at first to get the kids to commit to getting on a bus early Saturday morning to attend the celebration. However, when they arrived, they were so excited to meet the other students and teachers through the state. It was a really cool moment to see the teachers who’d given up their Saturday as well to celebrate the students. We even had a teacher on maternity leave come to the ceremony to celebrate and bond with the students. It was a changing point for our students and for our OneGoal program.
I’m looking forward to watching our first OneGoal class graduate from high school and matriculate on to college next year. And I’m excited about increasing our cohorts and serving more students. I also want to include our English Language Learner, or ELL, students in the program as well to help them get the support they need.
In the future, it would be great to have students who have been through the OneGoal program graduate from college, become teachers, return to Durfee and become OneGoal Program Directors.
It’s about paying it forward and building a sense of community.
We’re part of a largely low-income school district, but we want to build a culture where college is for everyone and OneGoal is a huge piece of that. This partnership is some of the work I’m most proud of in my three years at Durfee. It is a program that’s going to thrive because of the work and collaboration of the enthusiastic teachers, counselors, administration and OneGoal support team.
MORE: Massachusetts
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Bristol-Myers Squibb to Transfer $3.8 billion in U.S. Pen...
Bristol-Myers Squibb to Transfer $3.8 billion in U.S. Pension Liabilities
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (NYSE: BMY) today announced it will transfer $3.8 billion of U.S. pension obligations through a full termination of its U.S. Retirement Income Plan (the “Plan”). The obligations will be distributed through a combination of lump sums to Plan participants who elect such payments, and the purchase of a group annuity contract from Athene Annuity and Life Company (“Athene”), a wholly-owned insurance subsidiary of Athene Holding, Ltd (NYSE: ATH), for all remaining liabilities.
This transaction continues the Company’s pension de-risking strategy and actions, which began with the freezing of the Company’s U.S. Plan in 2009. This transaction reduces Bristol-Myers Squibb’s future risk and administrative costs while entrusting the pensions of Plan participants and their beneficiaries to a highly rated financial institution with expertise in the long-term management of retirement benefits.
The Plan includes approximately 4,800 active employees, 1,400 retirees and their beneficiaries receiving benefits, and 18,000 prior Bristol-Myers Squibb employees who have not yet initiated their benefits. Current Plan provisions, benefit payment options and in-pay benefits will remain available for all participants. Plan participants have received information packages with further details.
Additional Details About the Transaction
As the largest full plan termination to date that primarily includes terminated vested and active participants, the Company partnered with Athene on a first-of-its-kind plan termination solution, where Athene agreed in advance to provide an annuity contract covering all obligations not paid via lump sums. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC served as financial advisor to the Company on the transaction.
Bristol-Myers Squibb is committed to ensuring that its Plan participants’ benefits are preserved. The Company’s Pension Committee engaged State Street Global Advisors Trust Company, a leading independent fiduciary services firm, to represent the interests of Plan participants with respect to the choice of insurer, negotiation of terms and conditions of a group annuity contract, as well as the compliance of the transaction with applicable federal pension law and guidance. State Street Global Advisors Trust Company selected an Athene group annuity contract that provides an additional safeguard by segregating assets in a separate account dedicated to the payment of benefits to Plan participants and their beneficiaries.
This transaction provides a special election window for active Bristol-Myers Squibb employees who are participants in the Plan, during which they may elect to commence their pension benefits while remaining actively employed with Bristol-Myers Squibb. The Plan will terminate on February 1, 2019, lump sums will be distributed in July 2019, and the transfer to Athene is expected to occur in August 2019, subject to satisfaction of closing conditions. Upon completion of the transfer, Athene will provide irrevocable commitments to all remaining participants and will assume full financial responsibility, including required administration, for annuity and lump sum payments.
Upon closing of this transaction in the third quarter of 2019, the Company expects a non-cash pre-tax pension settlement charge of approximately $1.5 billion - $2 billion, which will be excluded from its non-GAAP results. Non-GAAP pension related income contributing approximately $0.05 EPS in 2018 is not expected to be recognized in 2019.
About Bristol-Myers Squibb
Bristol-Myers Squibb is a global biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases. For more information about Bristol-Myers Squibb, visit us at BMS.com or follow us on LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube and Facebook.
About Athene Holding Ltd.
Athene Holding Ltd., through its subsidiaries, is a leading retirement services company that issues, reinsures and acquires retirement savings products designed for the increasing number of individuals and institutions seeking to fund retirement needs. The products offered by Athene Holding Ltd. include:
Retail fixed and fixed indexed annuity products;
Reinsurance arrangements with third-party annuity providers; and
Institutional products, such as funding agreements and group annuity contracts related to pension risk transfers.
Athene Holding Ltd. had total assets of $118.2 billion as of September 30, 2018. Athene Holding Ltd.'s principal subsidiaries include Athene Annuity & Life Assurance Company, a Delaware-domiciled insurance company, Athene Annuity and Life Company, an Iowa-domiciled insurance company, Athene Annuity & Life Assurance Company of New York, a New York-domiciled insurance company and Athene Life Re Ltd., a Bermuda-domiciled reinsurer.
Further information about Athene Holding Ltd. and its subsidiaries can be found at www.athene.com.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information
This press release contains non-GAAP financial measures, including non-GAAP earnings-per-share (EPS) information, that are adjusted to exclude certain costs, expenses, gains and losses and other specified items that are evaluated on an individual basis. These items are adjusted after considering their quantitative and qualitative aspects and typically have one or more of the following characteristics, such as being highly variable, difficult to project, unusual in nature, significant to the results of a particular period or not indicative of future operating results. Similar charges or gains were recognized in prior periods and will likely reoccur in future periods including restructuring costs, accelerated depreciation and impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, R&D charges in connection with the acquisition or licensing of third party intellectual property rights, divestiture and equity investment gains or losses, upfront payments from out-licensed assets, pension charges, legal and other contractual settlements and debt redemption gains or losses, among other items. Non-GAAP information is intended to portray the results of our baseline performance, supplement or enhance management, analysts and investors overall understanding of our underlying financial performance and facilitate comparisons among current, past and future periods. For example, non-GAAP EPS information is an indication of our baseline performance before items that are considered by us to not be reflective of our ongoing results. In addition, this information is among the primary indicators we use as a basis for evaluating performance, allocating resources, setting incentive compensation targets and planning and forecasting for future periods. This information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for diluted EPS prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Forward-Looking Statement
This press release contains "forward-looking statements" as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and involve inherent risks and uncertainties, including factors that could delay, divert or change any of them, and could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from current expectations. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Among other risks, there is no guarantee that the transaction will occur on the terms or within the time frame described in this release. Forward-looking statements in this press release should be evaluated together with the many risks and uncertainties that affect Bristol-Myers Squibb's business, including those identified in Bristol-Myers Squibb's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K. Bristol-Myers Squibb undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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The free-agent cornerback is looking toward a future in Kansas City after agreeing to terms with the Chiefs, a source confirmed. The news was first reported by ESPN.
Breeland got an incentive-laden, one-year deal that can be worth a maximum of $5 million, NFL Network reported.
The Packers signed Breeland off the street Sep. 26 after they placed cornerback Davon House on injured reserve with a season-ending shoulder injury.
At the start of the 2018 league year last March, Breeland and the Carolina Panthers agreed to a three-year deal. However, it was nullified when he was involved in a non-football-related accident that reopened a skin graft on the back of his left foot.
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“It was very tough, you know what I mean?” Breeland said after his first Packers practice. “To have a deal like that taken away just for a freak accident, not even football-related, it was devastating. But at the same time, it made me who I am. So I don’t really regret it.”
Breeland, 27, started five of seven games played with Green Bay. He finished the 2018 season with two interceptions, four passes defensed, a touchdown and a fumble recovery. He sustained a groin injury during Week 11 against the Seattle Seahawks that kept him sidelined for two games.
He also contributed to the Packers’ special teams as a kick returner. Breeland averaged 21.63 yards per return on eight kickoff returns. He had a team season-high 38-yard return in the season-ending loss to the Detroit Lions.
Prior to joining the Packers, Breeland spent four seasons as a starter with the Washington Redskins. He recorded seven forced fumbles, eight interceptions, 60 passes defensed, two fumble recoveries and a sack in 60 games with 57 starts.
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Netherlands Travel Guide
The Netherlands in Pictures: 15 Beautiful Places to Photograph
21 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Amsterdam
14 Top Tourist Attractions in Rotterdam & Easy Day Trips
11 Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Haarlem
Written by Bryan Dearsley
The capital of the province of Noord-Holland, Haarlem lies between Amsterdam and the North Sea. Just seven kilometers from the coast on the little River Spaarne (the source of the city's nickname of "Spaarnestad"), this typical Dutch town lies on the northern boundary of the Bollenstreek, a famous bulb-growing region that produces tulips, hyacinths, crocuses, and daffodils.
Haarlem has a long and rich history. From the 11th to 13th centuries, it was the seat of the Counts of Holland and received its municipal charter in 1245, making it the second oldest city in the Dutch heartland. In the 17th century, the city was the scene of great artistic activity and the residence of many painters, including Frans Hals, Jacob van Ruisdael, Philips Wouwerman, and Adriaen van Ostade.
This rich cultural heritage lives on to this day, and the Frans Hals Museum, one of the top places to visit in Haarlem, draws large numbers of visitors. To learn more about this and other top-rated tourist attractions, be sure to read through our list of the top things to do in Haarlem.
See also: Where to Stay in Haarlem
1. Grote Kerk: St.-Bavokerk
Grote Kerk: St.-Bavokerk
Located in the heart of the Grote Markt, Haarlem's main city square, Grote Kerk (St.-Bavokerk) is the city's most striking building. This Late Gothic cruciform basilica, 140 meters in length and featuring a slender 40-meter tower, was started in the 14th century with the building of the choir, with the transepts added in the mid-15th century.
Interior highlights are its rich furnishings dating from before the Reformation, including the choir and lectern from 1499, the beautifully carved choir-stalls from 1512, and the brass choir screen from 1509. In front of the former chapel of the Seamen's Guild hang three models of Dutch warships, while the piers under the tower and in the choir are covered with 15th- and 16th-century paintings depicting symbols of the Apostles, the guilds, and church doctrine.
The real star, however, is the church's famous Müller Organ. Considered one of the greatest such instruments in the world for its tone and decoration, this magnificent instrument was built by Christian Müller in 1738 and features three manuals, 68 stops, and 5,000 pipes, the largest of which is 10 meters long with a diameter of 40 centimeters. Among those who have played the organ are Handel and Mozart. For an unforgettable experience, try to coincide your visit with one of the attraction's regular organ recitals.
Address: Grote Markt 22, 2011 RD Haarlem
Official site: www.bavo.nl/en/
Haarlem's St Bavokerk Map
2. Frans Hals Museum
Frans Hals Museum | StanTheCaddy / photo modified
Established in 1913 in one of Haarlem's most important historic structures, the 17th-century Old Men's Almshouses (Oude Mannenhuis), the Frans Hals Museum is one of the leading art galleries in the Netherlands. Spread across two locations — the "Hof" and the "Hal" — the museum focuses on the work of the Haarlem Academy, a group of artists established by Frans Hals in the 1600s.
Today, this impressive museum is home to the world's largest collection of Hals' works, including five of his large civic guard pieces. These large canvases display his genius for capturing a moment and bringing it to life in each of the faces.
Other highlights include works related to the marksmen's guilds, companies of volunteers from the city's more prosperous citizens who would join together to form a civic militia. The collection also includes 17th-century portraits and landscapes, along with a collection of modern and contemporary art, including paintings, sculptures, textiles, ceramics, and graphic art by artists from Haarlem and the surrounding area. A sizeable collection of contemporary art and photography can also be viewed.
Address: Groot Heiligland 62, 2011 ES Haarlem
Official site: www.franshalsmuseum.nl/en/
3. The Grote Markt and the Old City
In addition to being the location of many of the city's main tourist attractions — including the Town Hall and Grote Kerk — Haarlem's Grote Markt is home to a number of other splendid sights, and a visit here is one of the most popular things to do. Highlights include the Brinkmann-Passage with its shops and restaurants, and the old Guard House (Hoofdwacht), one of the oldest buildings in Haarlem and notable for its gable from 1650.
But the real gem here is the Vleeshal, or Meat Hall. Built in 1603 to house both the municipal slaughterhouse and the butchers' guild, it ranks as the finest work of the Northern Renaissance movement and has been perfectly preserved as an annex of the Frans Hals Museum.
Also of note is the Vishal, or Fish Hall (also occupied by the Frans Hals Museum), notable for its red and white façade topped by beautiful ornamental gables. You can learn more about this charming neighborhood and its history on a two-hour Private Walking Tour with a local guide.
4. The Old City Hall
The Old City Hall
Standing opposite the Grote Kerk is the City Hall (Stadhuis), the oldest parts of which date back to 1250. More recent features, such as the external staircase, the north wing, and the Neoclassical façade, were added in the 1600s. The tower, Haarlem's greatest landmark and emblem, was rebuilt based on original plans in 1913 (the original bell still rings at the beginning of council meetings).
The interior is also of interest and includes numerous fine paintings, relics, and mementos, along with fine woodcarvings (guided tours are available).
Address: Grote Markt 2, 2011 RD Haarlem
5. Teylers Museum
The oldest museum in the Netherlands, Teylers Museum was founded in 1778 after its namesake, a wealthy cloth and silk dealer, bequeathed his fortune to build an establishment to illustrate the development of art and science. One of only four such museums in Europe — its contemporaries are in Oxford, London, and Paris — the museum includes an extensive art collection, with numerous drawings and pictures by early Dutch masters.
Other important works include figure studies for the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo; drawings by Raphael; and an outstanding collection of scientific instruments, minerals, and fossils. Of particular interest is the exquisite Oval Room, designed as a place for research and study and where scientific experiments were once conducted. English language guided tours are available.
Also worth visiting is the adjoining Weigh House (Waag), erected in 1598 and in use until 1915.
Address: Spaarne 16, 2011 CH Haarlem
Official site: www.teylersmuseum.nl/en
6. Amsterdamse Poort
Amsterdamse Poort
One of the most picturesque corners of Haarlem lies around the Bakenessergracht, home to some of the city's oldest and most spectacular buildings. Especially pretty is Hofje van Bakenes, a lovely little courtyard dating from 1395 that's famous for its cryptic rhyme (look for the plaque above the entrance).
At the end of the Bakenessergracht is the River Binnen Spaarne, crossed here via an attractive old drawbridge, and from which you get a great view of the Amsterdamse Poort, Haarlem's only surviving city gate. Built in the early 1400s and a national monument, it's flanked by two octagonal towers and two round towers, as well as remnants of the old city walls.
Address: Amsterdamsevaart, Haarlem
7. Proveniershuis
Proveniershuis
Located on Grote Houtstraat, Haarlem's main shopping street, Proveniershuis is a collection of fine old buildings dating from the 17th and 18th centuries that really should be included on your list of places to visit. Historically, this attractive area has housed a cross-section of city folk, from nuns and priests, to merchants and retired guildsmen.
Today, it's a splendid area to stroll around as you soak up the atmosphere and explore the side streets that peel off into the city's many quiet nooks and crannies, including to the numerous old almshouses where the poorer citizens once lived.
Address: Grote Houtstraat, Haarlem
8. The Cathedral of St. Bavo
The Cathedral of St. Bavo
The Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Bavo is a relatively recent three-aisle cruciform basilica built between 1895 and 1906. Some 100 meters long, 42 meters wide, and 60 meters high, it's a good example of the transition in church architecture from traditional to more modern designs. Highlights include the Cathedral Treasury with its valuable silver liturgical utensils and a reliquary with the remains of St. Bavo.
Other notable features are the fine stained glass, as well as sculptures and paintings by well-known Dutch artists. Also of note is the Willibrord Organ, built in 1923 with four manuals and 75 stops (check the schedule for periodic organ recitals).
Address: Leidsevaart 146, 2014 HE Haarlem
9. Nieuwe Kerk and William of Orange
Nieuwe Kerk and William of Orange | Remon Rijper / photo modified
Haarlem's New Church (Nieuwe Kerk) was built between 1645 and 1649, with a graceful Renaissance tower and clock dating from 1795. Inside the church, be sure to notice the magnificent Baroque tomb of William of Orange, made by Hendrick and Pieter de Keyser in 1614. Also of importance in the adjoining churchyard are the graves of painters Jacob van Ruisdael and Philips Wouwerman.
Address: Nieuwe Kerksplein 36, 2011 ZT Haarlem
10. Ten Boom Museum
Although one of the city's smallest attractions, the Ten Boom Museum is well worth a stop when visiting Haarlem. Dedicated to the life of author Corrie Ten Boom, it's reminiscent of the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam and portrays a typical small home that played an important role in hiding persecuted Jews during WWII.
The focus of the museum — located in the watch shop her family owned — is Ten Boom's bestselling book, The Hiding Place, which vividly portrays the dangers involved in providing a safe haven for refugees. Tragically, the family were found out, and most were killed before the end of the war. English language guided tours are available.
Address: Centrum, 2002 CE Haarlem
Official site: www.corrietenboom.com/en/home
11. De Adriaan Windmill
De Adriaan Windmill
Standing on the banks of the river Spaarne, the De Adriaan Wiindmill (Molen de Adriaan) is a faithful replica of the original 1778 mill built on the foundations of an ancient defensive tower. The original, which ground tufa to a powder used in cement making and was later used to grind tobacco and then corn, burned in 1932.
On a 45-minute tour, you can learn more about the mill's — and Haarlem's — history and see how a windmill operates. From the viewing platform, you can enjoy good views of the river and city.
Address: Papentorenvest 1, Haarlem
Official site: www.molenadriaan.nl/en
Where to Stay in Haarlem for Sightseeing
We recommend these convenient hotels in Haarlem, close to top attractions like the Grote Kerk and the Frans Hals Museum:
Luxury Hotels: A good choice of luxury accommodations in Haarlem, Carlton Square Hotel is centrally located near the city's top attractions and shopping, and is across the road from a pretty park. This 4-star hotel features stylish design in its spacious rooms, which come with mini-fridges, free Wi-Fi, and balconies. Underground parking is available.
Classy yet quirky was obviously on the minds of the designers of excellent Boutiquehotel Staats. Located on a quiet, tree-lined avenue close to the Frans Hals Museum, each room is individually decorated, and features an interesting and attractive mix of antique and modern furniture. If available, request one of the larger suites, which come with upgraded bathrooms. An on-site restaurant serves a good breakfast, too.
The upscale Koninginn is certainly worth booking. Situated in an attractive old building dating from the 1800s — and on a charming cobbled street — this chic boutique hotel features comfortable rooms and suites with heated floors, kitchenettes, separate living areas, and balconies.
Mid-Range Hotels: Hotel Lion D'or is perfect for those seeking mid-range pricing near the train and bus station in Haarlem, and has been welcoming guests since 1839. In addition to featuring bright, contemporary decor; friendly multi-lingual staff; and a comfortable lounge, it also offers clean, comfortable rooms with free Wi-Fi and Nespresso machines.
At the upper end of this category, the Amrath Grand Hotel Frans Hals offers surprisingly affordable rates for so luxurious a hotel. Set in a fantastic central location close to attractions and top restaurants, it's known for its wonderful service, central spiral staircase, and 82 well-appointed rooms. While there's no on-site restaurant, breakfast is available.
It doesn't get much more central than the Haarlem Hotel Suites. Just three minutes' stroll away from the Teylers Museum, its spacious suites are great for families, with the largest featuring kitchens and terraces. Breakfasts are available, and can be delivered to your room.
Budget Hotels: A popular choice of affordable accommodations in Haarlem, the Ambassador City Centre Hotel features budget-friendly rates in a central location opposite St. Bavo church. If available, be sure to request one of the uniquely decorated rooms facing the church — it really is a memorable experience. The hotel lobby is also nice to relax in and is filled with antique clocks.
Perfect for backpackers, Stayokay Haarlem features hostel-style rooms in a good location close to public transport. Dorms are mixed, and come with linens and shared bathrooms. Amenities consist of a good breakfast buffet, a dining room, a terrace with a fire pit, laundry facilities, parking, and bike rentals.
The quirkily named Hello I'm Local Boutique Hostel features a mix of dorm-style accommodations and private rooms. Linens and towels are provided, and private rooms come with their own showers and toilets.
Fun Places to Visit: If you include the city of Amsterdam in your Netherlands itinerary (and you really should!), be sure to add important cultural institutions such as the Rijksmuseum to your to-do list, home to classic artworks by Rembrandt. You can learn more about this famous Dutch painter by visiting the town of Leiden, his birthplace and the location of the National Museum of Antiquities. The many tourist sites of The Hague are also worth visiting and include fine old palaces now used for administrative and government purposes.
The Netherlands Travel Ideas: If you've ever wanted to learn more about Delftware, that famous blue and white Dutch pottery, you'll want to visit the historic town of Delft, where this popular pottery is still manufactured today (factory tours are available). The second largest city in the Netherlands, Rotterdam offers plenty of fun things to do, from its top-rated Maritime Museum in the old harbor area to its many art galleries. At the other end of the scale, the smaller city of Breda is worth visiting for its splendid 13th-century Grote Kerk and Breda Castle.
Haarlem Map - Attractions
More on Netherlands
11 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in the Netherlands
12 Top-Rated Day Trips from Amsterdam
Where to Stay in Amsterdam: Best Areas & Hotels
Best Time to Visit Amsterdam
15 Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Leiden
14 Top Tourist Attractions in The Hague & Easy Day Trips
13 Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Delft
13 Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Utrecht
14 Top-Rated Cities in the Netherlands
Exploring Hoge Veluwe National Park: A Visitor's Guide
11 Top-Rated Attractions & Things to Do in Breda
11 Top-Rated Attractions in Arnhem & Easy Day Trips
11 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Eindhoven
11 Best Resorts in the British Virgin Islands
10 Best All-Inclusive Resorts in Aruba
MORE PICTURES OF NETHERLANDS
> 11 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in the Netherlands
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Thomas Zesk
Tom earned his B.A., Magna Cum Laude, in Economics from Tufts University and an MBA in Taxation from New York University. He is a retired Certified Public Account and partner from Deloitte LLP where his prestigious 35-year finance career included leadership of a division of the Tax Department, and serving a number of major corporate clients. Tom also served on the Deloitte Retirement Committee, which was primarily responsible for monitoring and overseeing the investments of the Firm’s pension fund.
Tom’s son was diagnosed with a non-verbal learning disability at a young age, and was enrolled at The Craig School, a school for children in grades 2-12 who have learning disabilities. For more than eight years, Tom served on The Craig School Board of Trustees in various roles including Board Secretary and Chairman of the Finance Committee. Currently, in addition to serving on the PLAN/NJ Board, Tom is Board Secretary for The Barnegat Light Taxpayers Association, a community organization which helps preserve and enhance the community of Barnegat Light, NJ. On the PLAN/NJ Board, he serves on the Finance Committee using his financial expertise and prior experiences with disability advocacy to assist.
Tom and his wife Lorrie have been married 30 years, and they live with their son Andrew in Morristown and in Barnegat Light, New Jersey.
Previous Post Theodore R. Goyins, Jr.
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13163 Fountain Park Dr, Suite A
Aaron Willis, DPT, ATC, Owner and founder of Playa Physical Therapy
Aaron Willis is a Santa Monica native who received his Doctorate in Physical Therapy from the University of Southern California in 2000. Prior to that he completed his undergraduate work at UC Davis, earning a BS degree in Exercise Science with an emphasis in Biomechanics. While at Davis, he worked with the intercollegiate teams as a student athletic trainer, going on to become a Certified Athletic Trainer in 1996 before entering graduate school at USC.
He founded Playa Physical Therapy in 2004 with the goal of providing the highest quality Physical Therapy care for the community. As part of that commitment, he and his staff do not delegate the overseeing of patient care to aides and/or assistants, but instead only see patients personally, one on one, each and every visit throughout the course of care. He feels this maximizes the benefit possible at each visit by allowing the therapist to directly assess what is most necessary to do, whether it be hands on work, exercise, or other treatment modalities, to help patients achieve their goals. This has proven to be effective in reducing the number of visits required, building effective working relationships with patients, and earning the respect of local physicians for the consistently high quality of care.
One of the exciting advantages of this new and larger facility is that it offers him the opportunity to provide a wider array of services. Along with an expanded Pilates program, he is able to offer Massage as well as Individual and Group Fitness Training with some of the most experienced and talented professionals in the area.
Aaron, his wife Therese, and their two children, live in Redondo Beach.
Terry Chu, PT, DPT
Terry graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a Bachelor of Science in Nutritional Science with an emphasis in Physiology and Metabolism. His desire to pursue a career in the health profession and his interest in sports led him to the University of Southern California where he received his Doctorate in Physical Therapy.
Terry utilizes his patient’s input to construct a treatment plan individualized to each patient for them to reach their goals. He also has experience treating orthopedic conditions for people with neurological conditions while working at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehab Center.
Terry is currently studying for his Strength and Conditioning certification and continues to advance himself through continuing education courses. His emphasis is in manual therapy, neuromuscular re-education, exercises to stabilize the trunk and functional exercises to get the patient to return to their activity pain-free. In his free time, he enjoys playing basketball, hiking, swimming, snowboarding, weightlifting and traveling.
Katie Wisniewski, DPT
Katie Wisniewski-Dubiel was born in Chicago, IL. She completed her undergraduate work in kinesiology at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana and then received her doctorate in Physical Therapy at University of Illinois at Chicago. During her time here, she assisted in implementing a senior wellness program at a local senior center with focus on balance, functional strengthening and cardiovascular health. Her first job out of school was at the Rehab Institute of Chicago where she treated patients with a variety of conditions including stroke, brain injury and spinal cord injury. For the last 5 years, she has been working in outpatient orthopedics specializing in Maitland manual therapy, vestibular rehab, and sports medicine. In her free time, she enjoys running, hiking, and all things Chicago Sports!
Amanda Jamieson, DPT
Amanda Jamieson was born in Seattle, Washington and she completed her undergraduate degree in Exercise Science at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. She later received her doctorate in physical therapy at the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences in Florida. While there, Amanda was a teaching assistant for spinal evaluation and treatment courses, focused her studies on manual based interventions and participated in clinical integration—mentoring under physical therapists and professors. A member of the APTA, Amanda uses a combination of manual therapy, corrective exercise and patient education to help her patients reach their goals. She has taken continuing education courses in Lymphedema Management, Kinesiology Therapeutic Taping and Pelvic Floor Level I. In her spare time Amanda enjoys running, exploring Los Angeles, spending time with friends and family and rooting for her Seattle Seahawks!
Shana Miller, PT, MPT
Shana Miller MSPT attended UCLA and then graduated from Thomas Jefferson University in 2002 with a master’s degree in physical therapy. She has been certified in Pilates, yoga therapy, qi gong and tai chi rehab. Shana integrates a holistic approach to healing through core stabilization, flexibility and balance training. Her hobbies include studying tango dancing, practicing tai chi and playing golf.
Hanna, Foley, PT, DPT
Hanna Foley completed her undergraduate degree in Exercise Science at Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York. She later went on to pursue her Doctorate of Physical Therapy degree at Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts. While completing her doctorate degree, Hanna participated in conducting a research study in the Human Adaptation Lab with a specific focus on how different hip muscles are activated during exercise and the influence of manipulating posture. Since graduating, Hanna has focused most of her career in outpatient orthopedics with a passion for treating running injuries. She also has experience working with patients with a variety of neurological conditions including stroke, Parkinson’s, and Multiple Sclerosis. Her treatment approach emphasizes a combination of therapeutic exercises and manual therapy to target the underlying dysfunction. In her spare time Hanna enjoys hiking, traveling, playing the piano, and cooking.
Neck Pain / Headache
Playa Physical Therapy and Wellness
info@playapt.com
Mon - Fri 7:45am – 6:30pm
For all other services, call for times.
“Every BODY has the intuitive desire and ability to be FIT and WELL”
© Copyright 2021 Playa Physical Therapy and Wellness, All Rights Reserved. Powered by E-Rehab. | Sitemap
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The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
Gary W. Francis
On Jan. 29, 2009, President Barack Obama signed into law the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 (Act)[1]. At the time he signed the bill, President Obama stated, "[i]t is fitting that with the very first bill I sign -- the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act -- we are upholding one of this nation's first principles: that we are all created equal and each deserve a chance to pursue our own version of happiness." The purpose of the Act is to fight pay discrimination and ensure fundamental fairness to American workers.
The Act was introduced in Congress in order to overrule the Supreme Court's decision in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Inc,. which was issued in 2007[2]. In the opinion of Congress, the Supreme Court's decision was so contrary to justice, the decision had to be overruled. In turn, the plaintiff in the Ledbetter case, Lilly Ledbetter, is now the namesake of this dramatic change in the law.
The passage of the Act leads to a sweeping change in pay discrimination litigation, as it amends Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). When bringing a claim of prohibited discrimination based upon one of these statutes, the new law resets the statute of limitations for filing a wage claim against an employer, each time that an employee receives a paycheck, benefits or "other compensation." The Act allows an employee to bring a charge for alleged discrimination based upon when he or she feels the effect of the pay discrimination, as opposed to when the discriminatory decision was made. However, in order to fully understand the ramifications of this new legislation, you must first gain a better understanding of the history of the Ledbetter case, and the need for change.
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber, Co., Inc.
Lilly Ledbetter was an employee with Goodyear Tire & Rubber (Goodyear) from 1979 to 1998. A predominant amount of her career with the company was spent working as an area manager. The position of area manager with Goodyear was primarily filled with male employees. Ledbetter's yearly performance evaluations led to her being awarded or denied raises in compensation. Over the years, she received a high number of poor evaluations which led to her earning approximately 40 percent less than her male counterparts. After learning of this pay discrepancy, she filed a charge of discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) on the basis of sex. Shortly after she filed her charge of discrimination, she retired in 1998.
After her retirement, Ms. Ledbetter filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court alleging pay discrimination claims under Title VII and the Equal Pay Act. Ledbetter argued that each paycheck she received constituted a new act of unlawful discrimination and reset the statute of limitations for her to bring a claim. Goodyear filed a motion for summary disposition, arguing that the statute of limitations had run as to any pay decisions that occurred 180 days before Ms. Ledbetter filed her EEOC charge. The court denied Goodyear’s motion, and it was appealed to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, who agreed with Goodyear and held that Ms. Ledbetter’s claims based upon pay decisions made years ago were time-barred.
The U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari on the narrow issue of whether a plaintiff may bring an action under Title VII alleging illegal pay discrimination when the disparate pay is received during the statutory limitations period, but is the result of discriminatory pay decisions that occurred outside the statutory limitations period.
On May 27, 2007, the Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the Eleventh Circuit, finding that Ledbetter’s claim was timed-barred. The court found that the statute of limitations for filing a pay discrimination claim begins to run when the discriminatory pay decision is made, and not every time the employee feels the effects of the allegedly discriminatory pay decision[3]. In writing on behalf of the majority, Justice Alito held, “the later effects of past discrimination do not restart the clock for filing an EEOC charge,” and “current effects alone cannot breathe new life into prior, uncharged discrimination.” The holding of the Supreme Court significantly restricted the timeframe for potential plaintiff’s to bring forward their claims of discrimination.
The Beginning Of The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
Within 24 days of the Supreme Court’s decision, Representative George Miller of California introduced the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2007 into the House of Representatives. The proposed legislation passed the House, but was later blocked by a Republican Filibuster. However, never losing their resolve, the supporters of this bill reintroduced the proposed legislation into the House of Representatives on Jan. 6, 2009, and it was passed within three days. Two weeks later, the bill also passed the Senate by a vote of 61-36, and by Jan. 29, was signed into law.
The new law made wholesale reversal of the Supreme Court’s holding and was made retroactive to May 28, 2009 – the day after the Supreme Court’s decision.
In pertinent part, the language of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act specifies that unlawful pay discrimination occurs when: (1) a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice is adopted, (2) when an individual becomes subject to a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice, or (3) when an individual is affected by application of a discriminatory compensation decision or other practice including each time wages, benefits or other compensation is paid, resulting in whole or in part from such a decision or other practice.[4]
The Act restores the pre-Ledbetter position of the EEOC that each paycheck that delivers discriminatory compensation is a wrong actionable under the federal EEO statutes, regardless of when the discrimination began.
The Impact of the New Law
With the passage of the Act, employers face many new issues. The statute of limitations now resets each time an employee receives a paycheck, benefits or other compensation, potentially holding employers liable for pay decisions made decades ago. In addition to expanding the statute of limitations for a claim of pay discrimination, the Act also dramatically expands the pool of potential plaintiffs. Also, the Act may have consequences that will impact other employment laws.
The Act resets the statute of limitations for a claim of pay discrimination with each paycheck, but also with each receipt of benefits or “other compensation.” Therefore, any number of employee benefits could implicate the statute of limitations of a pay discrimination claim, including the receipt of healthcare benefits, bonuses and the benefits from an employer-sponsored retirement plan. Given the significant number of supervisors, managers and other employees who are involved in making decisions regarding these varied topics, employers are going to have to maintain greater oversight of all decisions that affect compensation and benefits.
Additionally, the language of the Act goes well beyond the Supreme Court’s decision in expanding the number of potential plaintiffs. Since the Act amends Title VII, as well as the ADEA and ADA, potential claims of pay discrimination are not limited solely to gender, but can now be brought on the basis of race, national origin, age, religion and disability.
What’s more, the Act extends protection to any individual who is “affected by” unlawful discrimination. In turn, individuals who were never direct victims of discrimination could now potentially bring claims, such as a widow filing a claim on behalf of her now-deceased husband – as long as she is within the statute of limitations triggered by his last paycheck or receipt of benefits.
Where an employer is required to defend claims of pay discrimination, they will be at a severe disadvantage. In most cases, although a plaintiff will bring his or her claim within the statute of limitations period based upon a recent paycheck, the allegedly discriminatory pay decision would have occurred a number of years prior. In turn, the employer will be forced to defend stale claims without the benefit of documentation, which will likely have been discarded or destroyed, or witnesses, who will no longer be available. Therefore, employers are going to be forced to overhaul their document retention methods and keep track of employees who may be witnesses in future litigation for an extensive number of years. However, even though the pay decision leading to discrimination may be decades old, the new law still maintains the cap of only two-years of back pay from the filing of the charge of pay discrimination.
Also, some have surmised that due to the breadth of the language in the Act, there may be some unintended consequences on other areas of employment law. By way of example, the Act may essentially eliminate the traditional statute of limitations for other claims of employment discrimination. Since other “non-pay” discrimination claims frequently have some effect on compensation, the traditional statute of limitations can be ignored, and a potential plaintiff can rely upon the elongated statute of limitations under the Act. For example, a traditional “failure to promote” claim of discrimination would have its statute of limitations period triggered at the time of the denial of the promotion. Now, the traditional limitations period can be ignored, and the potential plaintiff has 180-300 days from the receipt of each ongoing paycheck to file his or her charge of discrimination, in perpetuity.
The EEOC receives approximately 5,000 wage bias charge filing per year and has warned employers that in light of the new law, enforcement of pay discrimination will be increased.
In effort to combat claims of pay discrimination and to defend against future lawsuits, there are a number of steps that an employer can take to protect itself. First and foremost, all employers should revisit their pay practices to ensure they are compliant with the law and continue to revisit on a regular basis. Also, review your records retention policy to ensure that all records related to compensation and benefit decisions are being retained for the proper amount of time.
Additionally, an employer should ensure that proper documentation is being kept for all compensation decisions by all parties involved, including the rationale for each decision. All supervisors, managers and other decision-makers should be trained and/or retrained on proper documentation, conducting performance evaluations, setting employee salaries and the manner in which promotions and compensation increases should be granted. Where an employer has confidence in its pay system and in the documentation maintained by its employees within the pay system, they are in a much better position to defend a pay discrimination lawsuit under the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act.
Gary W. Francis is an associate in the law firm of Plunkett Cooney, and is a member of the Labor and Employment Law Practice Group. He focuses his practice on traditional labor law, employment law and employment litigation. He can be reached at (248) 901-4045;fax (248)901-4040; or gfrancis@plunkettcooney.com.
[1] Pub. L. No. 111-2
[2] Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber., Inc., 550 U.S. 618 (2007).
[3] The court did not address whether a “discovery rule” would be appropriate in Ledbetter’s case because she did make the argument that the application of a “discovery rule” would alter the outcome in her case.
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Pre Con
Advanced-Level Therapy at AOTA
American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) 2013 Annual Conference & Expo, to be held April 25-28 at the San Diego Convention Center.
by Sarah Beauchamp
With 600 poster sessions, 300 didactic sessions covering all practice areas, and 325 exhibitors, the conference is the largest gathering of occupational therapy practitioners in the world, according to AOTA Director of Conferences Frank Gainer, providing an opportunity for students, clinicians, and academics to “earn continuing education, network, and hear from leaders in the field.”
“We’re a recession-proof occupation,” Gainer said. “The past couple of years, we’ve had some of our largest conferences ever.” But with a healthy increase in attendance — AOTA usually sees more than 6,000 delegates — comes a whole new set of challenges.
After recent bookings in the Midwest and on the East Coast, the organization will host its 2013 Annual Conference in San Diego, which is not as easily accessible for many AOTA attendees. “The thing that has me most worried about San Diego is what airfare is going to be,” Gainer said. “If we’re in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, or Midwest, there is a fair amount of drive-in. San Diego doesn’t afford us that.”
Gainer expects attendance to decrease by about 1,000 because of the location, but the upside is that while the conference usually doesn’t see a big international draw, he hopes San Diego’s proximity to Asia will change that. “We’ve got speakers coming from the U.K., Canada, and Australia so far,” he said.
Some challenges will remain the same as in years past. “It’s always a challenge to make sure we’ve got the right kind of program,” Gainer said, “because we’re such a diverse field. … We’re doing something right, because we’ve been growing.”
“Our conference is usually very much driven by what [session ideas are] submitted,” Gainer said. “Out of 900 sessions, only about 60 to 70 are invited; the rest come from whatever is submitted.” For the 2013 Annual Conference, AOTA received a record number of submissions — more than 1,600. “The profession [of occupational therapy] will be 100 years old in 2017,” Gainer said. “So everything keeps focusing towards that ‘Centennial Vision.’”
Another ongoing goal of AOTA is to “appeal to our advanced-level practitioners,” Gainer said. By structuring the content differently this year, AOTA will highlight what’s most important for the more experienced attendees. “We’re having a lot of three-hour workshops that need to be at the intermediate or advanced level, rather than at the beginner.”
AOTA also will be sure to make room for the increased attendance on “Tech Day” — an all-day event where delegates can “go around and look at high-tech and low-tech adaptive devices that therapists can use with their patients, computer programs, [and] things of that sort,” Gainer said. “It’s very popular.” About a thousand attendees stop by the Tech Day workstations. “I just enjoy seeing it all come together,” Gainer said, “seeing members’ and attendees’ excitement.”
Convene’s Pre-Con/Post-Con series asks meeting planners about their challenges and how they intend to address them (Pre-Con), and then circles back around after the meeting has occurred (Post-Con) to see how well they worked out.
Filed Under: Logistics, Plenary, Pre Con, Trade Shows
Sarah Beauchamp
Sarah Beauchamp was formerly assistant editor of Convene.
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Staff from Harvard Museums who partner with faculty and students on campus teaching and learning initiatives have recently collaborated in producing a resource guide for various institutions across campus, so that museums and collections can remain a vital part of teaching and learning in our ongoing remote environment.
Participating museums include the Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments; the Harvard Art Museums; the Harvard Museum of the Ancient Near East; the Harvard University Herbaria; the Museum of Comparative Zoology; the Mineralogical and Geological Museum; and the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.
Please refer to the Harvard Museum Resource Guide for Virtual Engagement for a description of the mission and scope of collections at each institution, instructions for accessing collections online, and staff contact information to reach out for further assistance.
A complete list of Peabody Museum resources may be found here.
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