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Home / Articles / Chicago's Special Election is a Waste: Fill Vacancies in One Election, Not Two
Chicago's Special Election is a Waste: Fill Vacancies in One Election, Not Two
Dan Johnson-Weinberger // Published April 7, 2009 in Huffington Post
Former FairVote analyst Dan Johnson-Weinberger says Illinois should fill vacant house seats in a single election. Among his proposed solutions is instant runoff voting.
Today's special general election between Mike Quigley, Rosanna Pulido and Matt Reichel is a waste of time, money and resources. Taxpayers will shell out almost two million dollars to hold an election in the state's 5th Congressional District with only three names on the ballot. And the result of the election - the Democratic nominee is going to win - has been a foregone conclusion for a month.
The seat has been vacant since January. Meanwhile, during the debate on the federal stimulus and budget, the 600,000 people of the 5th CD have been without a voice in the House. That's not good, because we have literally lost our seat at the congressional table while federal policy is made. Our election laws should fill a vacancy as quickly as possible to minimize the loss of our political clout.
In this case, the people spoke clearly last month in the primary election: they want a Democrat to represent them in the House.
Look at the numbers from the March 3rd primary: Mike Quigley, Democrat, earned 12,118 votes. Rosanna Pulido, Republican, earned 1,006 while Matt Reichel, Green, earned 166. That's 91% for Quigley, 8% for Pulido and 1% for Reichel. That's a landslide. So why are we going through the motion of another election today between these three people when Quigley has already earned 91% of the vote last month? Why can't we give the people what they already voted for?
Illinois should fill a congressional vacancy in one election, not two, particularly when the results are so clear. There are several ways to do it. We could replicate Chicago's municipal elections where there is a runoff only if no candidate earns a majority of the vote. We could count a vote in the primary election as a straight ticket vote in the general election for whoever the nominee will be. Or we could use Irish-style instant runoff voting where voters rank all the candidates.
But whatever the method, we should absolutely not continue to waste two million dollars and minimize our own clout by waiting a month to finally elect a Representative in a second election when we could get the job done in one day.
Dan Johnson-Weinberger is an attorney. He lobbies for election reforms for FairVote.
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Alice Cooper, Slash, Joe Perry Appear in New ‘Rock Camp, The Movie’ Documentary
Alice Cooper – Story by Cat Badra, photo by Anne Erickson
“Rock Camp, The Movie” will tell the story of the longstanding Rock ‘n’ Roll Fantasy Camp, which has brought fans together with their favorite rock stars since 1996
The Rock ‘n’ Roll Fantasy Camp has been going strong since 1996, offering an interactive musical experience that brings together legendary musicians with budding players. Now, the camp is the focus of a new documentary, which looks at how the event has enabled fans to jam with some of the biggest names in rock and metal music, including Alice Cooper, Roger Daltrey, Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons of KISS, Joe Perry of Aerosmith and more.
“Rock Camp, The Movie,” tells the story of how music producer David Fishof started Rock ‘n Roll Fantasy camp years ago and crafted it into a full-fledged enterprise. The storyline also follows four campers and their families as they experience the camp.
“Get a backstage pass into the inspiration behind Rock ‘n’ Roll Fantasy Camp, follow four campers through their journey to shred with their heroes and see how they overcome their fears and transform their lives,” reads the show’s official description. “Rock stars remember their humble beginnings and reconnect with their love of music.”
The documentary features appearances from Daltrey, Cooper, Stanley, Simmons and Perry, as well as Dave Mustaine of Megadeth, Sammy Hagar, Slash of Guns N’ Roses, Jeff Beck, Nancy Wilson of Heart and Judas Priest, among others. Doug Blush directed and produced “Rock Camp, The Movie,” who worked on the award-winning “20 Feet from Stardom” documentary, chronicling the lives of background singers.
The movie is being screened in some unique ways, due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and restrictions. To watch, movie-goers will be able to purchase a ticket at select movie theater websites starting Friday (Jan. 15) and partake in a “virtual cinema” experience, in which they’ll watch the show on that movie theater’s website. On Jan. 22, the show will be screened in a handful of actual theaters. On Feb. 16, “Rock Camp, The Movie,” will be available via streaming platforms, cable and other digital platforms.
Posted by Cat Badra | Music, Rock, Rock News
Alice Cooper, Winger, Great White and More Set for Operation Monster Beach Event
Alice Cooper Releases Velvet Underground Cover, ‘Rock ‘n’ Roll,’ Off Upcoming ‘Detroit Stories’ Album
Alice Cooper to Reunite with Original Band at Christmas Pudding Charity Concert
Halloween Songs: Rob Zombie, Judas Priest, Motley Crue + More Make Alice Cooper’s Playlist
Dirty Honey Guitarist John Notto on Touring with Slash, ‘When I’m Gone’ + More
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Animal Education Foundation
Membership – Animal Education Foundation
The Importance of Sponsors and Donors to Animal Education Foundations
No matter what the charity, financial donors and sponsors are essential for the many groups that exist today to help those in need. There never seems to be enough funding available to combat ongoing concerns, whether animal or human-related, so donations are critical. Even though some organizations have an easier time than others in generating donations, fundraising is never easy. With hundreds of different aid groups and charities that exist in support of everything from cancer research to autism, rainforest depletion to animal cruelty, it is no wonder how many times animal welfare organizations come up short as people’s charity dollars end up donated elsewhere.
Animal Welfare Causes – Who Are the Typical Donors?
Most animal lovers give to favorite animal welfare causes if and when they can (though this is becoming harder as economic factors worsen). It is these individual donations – whether $1 or $1000 – that add up to become the lifeblood that keep smaller organizations “in business”, so to speak, though there are no actual profits to be made. The only “profits” are monies raised above and beyond operational costs, which are then turned around and used to extend service elsewhere. It is a never-ending cycle of fundraising and donation depletion.
Animal Education Foundation Sponsors – Sponsorship on Two Levels
Though these smaller animal welfare groups – and even some research and animal medical organizations – cannot survive without the individual donations made by the average person, other means of funding is essential. These methods frequently include sponsorships, grants and charitable gifts from companies, families and individual philanthropists themselves. This is also the basis on which most animal foundations are built: large donations and sponsorships coming from larger wallets, which are then used to sponsor smaller, deserving efforts.
Most, if not all, animal foundations are started by philanthropists for one reason, and one reason only – to express a concern for animals, and a deep desire to help. Their love of a special pet, or their feelings about cruelty, euthanasia or even habitat destruction has inspired them to put their effort – and their money – toward bringing together other like-minded people to make a difference. For those who cannot get involved in other ways, giving money is the best way they can help, and it feels good, too. This is why many affluent people donate – to make a difference in a way that they can. It is even sometimes considered to increase status in certain social circles if someone makes a sizable contribution to a specific foundation. However, status symbol or no, it is these sponsors who help spread the notoriety of certain foundations, which in turn increases awareness, and secondary donations to both the foundation fund itself, and to its sponsored charities.
Corporate, Estate and Family Donors and Sponsors
It is generally beneficial for large companies and very wealthy families alike to be seen in the public eye as giving back to their community. For this reason it is common to see big brand names associated with some animal foundations, such as Hill’s pet food company and its support of the Morris Animal Foundation, and VISA’s support of the World Wildlife Fund. With these types of sponsorships, and even those from businesses which are not as big, companies and individuals of note are seen as caring about the causes at hand, and sharing some of their wealth to see a foundation achieve its goals. Many individual donations can follow, simply because of the association of a trusted name.
Other types of donors that animal foundations typically attract include family sponsors and estate donors. Family sponsorships involve a regular, timely donation of an agreed amount that is sent on behalf of a family, something that has become a popular way to donate. Many financial planners will suggest this to families as a way to donate to their worthy foundation of choice, while obtaining certain tax time benefits. Additionally, estate donations – in which a deceased person’s worth of estate has been willed for donation – is sent, providing a true meaning to “leaving an estate to the dogs”. For many though, this is where they feel their money will be most appreciated and best used.
Regardless of how donations are received, the important part is that people continue to support an animal education foundation that provides grants and funding to animal welfare. For a list of animal foundations to donate to, and the grants that they offer toward animal welfare, visit http://www.animalgrantmakers.org/
Celebrities Supporting Charities Dealing With Animals
Contain-A-Pet
Doris Day Animal Foundation
Wild Animal Photographs
World Animal Foundation
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Title: Through Ninety Years, 1826-1916: Life and Work Among the Maoris in New Zealand: Notes of the Lives of William and William Leonard Williams, First and Third Bishops of Waiapu
Author: Frederic Wanklyn Williams
Publication details: Whitcombe and Tombs Limited, Auckland
Through Ninety Years
Te Aute Trust Estate and College and Hukarere School
In the thirty-third Chapter mention has been made of the progress of the Te Aute College and Hukarere Maori Girls' School up to 1890. As these schools occupied Bishop Williams's attention during his later years, some further reference to them will not be out of place.
The trustees of the Te Aute School property had arranged with Archdeacon Samuel Williams to farm and develop it. As the place was gradually improved he paid page 348 them an agreed rent increasing from time to time. This rent was revised again in 1902 and based on expert valuation at a rent ten per cent higher.
The lease was granted for a term of years. The Archdeacon was thus enabled to carry on improvements to the property.
His continued liberality had enabled the trustees in the past to make several additions and improvements to the Hukarere School from time to time. It had already been arranged in 1892 that the Te Aute Trust property should from its income contribute to the maintenance of the Hukarere Maori Girls' School as well as the Te Aute College.
Miss Minton continued as matron for a number of years, and Miss Down as teacher was assisted for various periods by Misses Webb, Prentice and L. Down. In 1899 Miss J. Bulstrode from England was appointed principal. Two years later her sister, Miss E. M. Bulstrode, joined her as head teacher. These two ladies gave a splendid record of service to the school and its pupils.
The Hukarere School was mysteriously burned to the ground with all its contents early on October 21st, 1910, happily without any loss of life. The girls had, however, to be sent to their homes until after the Christmas holidays.
The trustees promptly decided that the school must be rebuilt on a more roomy site. For this they were able to secure the lease of suitable sections on Napier Terrace from the trustees of the Hawke's Bay Church Trust. They were also able to secure from the same trustees other premises on Burlington and Selwyn Roads as temporary quarters for the school use. These buildings were then adapted for the school and furnished. Here a school to accommodate fifty-five was reopened in February, 1911.
Plans were prepared and a contract let to build the new school in camerated concrete. This was to provide fifty per cent more room than its predecessor.
The old school site was leased to tenants as building sites, with a right of renewal on revaluation.
The amount recovered from the insurance of the old school was quite inadequate for the rebuilding. It was therefore decided to appeal for assistance from all friends and sympathisers, both Maori and European.
The Governor-General, Lord Islington, laid the foundation of the present Hukarere Maori Girls' School on September 30th, 1911. This was carried out with an appropriate ceremony, and gifts to a substantial sum were handed in.
After considerable delay the contract was finally completed. The Misses Bulstrode and their family of girls moved into their new quarters on July 18th, 1912. A formal opening ceremony was held on October 22nd.
During Mr. John Thornton's long term of thirty-four years as head master of Te Aute he had as assistants for varying periods Messrs. Winkleman, Jardine, Webb, Cato and others. Mr. Thornton had a breakdown and serious illness in June, 1912. He did not recover and sent in his resignation which was accepted. Mr. Thornton passed away on July 4th, 1914.
The Rev. J. A. McNickle was appointed head master of Te Aute College on October 21st, 1912. Mr. Cato who was second master under Mr. Thornton continued to fill the post for a time, but had to resign on account of ill health in June, 1915. A Mr. F. W. Christian had taken Mr. Cato's place temporarily. Mr. Brandon was also a teacher in 1915. Mr. O'Sullivan was appointed in 1915, and a Mr. Bannatyne in 1916. During the period of the Great War the trustees had great difficulty in maintaining their staff of assistants. This threw a great burden on Mr. McNickle.
After the death of Archdeacon S. Williams in 1907 his executors continued to work the Te Aute land and fulfil the terms of the lease until it expired. Anticipating this expiry the dispersal sale of the well-known stud herd of Shorthorn cattle was held in April, 1915.
As the development of the Te Aute land was then sufficiently complete, the trustees decided to form roads and subdivide the property into twenty-three farms, and page 350 offer them for lease by tender in January, 1916, with the right of renewal on revaluation.
A block of nearly eight hundred acres was not included in these farms, but provided the College Farm where the students could receive technical instruction and several residential sites to be let. These and the farms were all soon occupied and yielded a most satisfactory rental.
In October, 1877, the late Sir Douglas Maclean established the Te Makarini Trust and endowed it with £3,000 in memory of his late father, Sir Donald Maclean. The income from this has since provided annually a series of scholarships for many students at Te Aute College.
In 1908 a legacy of £1,000 from the late Sir Walter Buller was handed to the Te Aute Trustees for investment, the income from which was to provide for a scholarship for students at Te Aute College.
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Buffalo in the ’20s: YMCA branch was heart of black community
Between the world wars, there was no greater unifier of Buffalo’s growing black population than the Michigan Avenue YMCA.
As late as 1920, unique circumstances made gathering as a community in a single space difficult. Overt racism made many civic gathering places, and most private ones, off limits. In other marginalized and immigrant communities within Buffalo, a place of worship also acted as a place of assembly for non-religious activities – but unlike the Irish, Polish, Italian and Jewish populations, there wasn’t necessarily a unifying current among the many different churches of the larger African-American community.
The organization of a YMCA branch specifically for Buffalo’s black men and boys started in 1924. By 1927, $225,000 had been raised and plans were drawn up for the building by John Edmonston Brent. He was one of the founding members of the branch, as well as Buffalo’s first black architect. Brent would go on to work for the City of Buffalo, where his design work remains on display, most notably along the gates and fences of the Buffalo Zoo.
On April 15, 1928, the new building was dedicated in “devotion to the uplift and advancement” of the 10,000 members of the black community it served.
Aside from the 20-by-60-foot swimming pool and gymnasium, the building boasted a barber shop in the basement, a lounge for men fronting Michigan Avenue, and a lounge for boys on the side of the building. The second floor was filled with classrooms, club rooms, a cafeteria and a women’s area. The third and fourth floors were dormitories with room for 70 men.
More than just a club, the Michigan Avenue YMCA became the heart of the community. Famous speakers, performers and human rights activists such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Count Basie and a young Jim Brown all visited the building.
William “Pops” Jackson (left) began running a YMCA program for Buffalo’s black population in 1923. He oversaw the building of the Michigan Avenue building. When he retired in 1947, he was widely acclaimed as the driving force behind the YMCA and much of the good happening in Buffalo’s black community. (Buffalo Stories archives)
Perhaps more importantly, the building was home to fostering ideas and a sense of purpose from within the black community out to the rest of Western New York.
Following the appointment of the Rev. D Ormond Walker, pastor of Bethel AME Church, to Buffalo’s War Council in 1944, Michigan Avenue YMCA chapter president A.J. Smitherman felt that the YMCA had helping bring people together. He spoke about it at a Y gathering that included the fire commissioner, the Democratic Party chairman and the president of Western Savings Bank.
“It is gratifying that our people and other groups may mingle at ease on terms of human brotherhood and friendship. That’s the kind of unity and brotherhood the world is seeking and it is Buffalo’s answer to those bigots who would raise the red flag of race hatred.”
The Michigan Avenue YMCA building was torn down in 1977; the site remains a vacant lot just south of Sycamore.
Posted on January 16, 2017 March 24, 2017 Author Steve CichonCategories Buffalo Neighborhoods, Buffalo's Pop Culture HeritageTags African-American Buffalo, Michigan Ave, YMCA
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Cogent is one of the leading logistics providers of transportation management services in Singapore. From our humble beginnings operating a small fleet of trucks, we have since expanded our transport team tremendously to include over 100 prime movers and 400 trailers.
In 2012, Cogent successfully ventured into the property development and management business and became the master-tenant of the former Turf Club. Since then, Cogent has redeveloped and transformed this 1 million square foot state-property into a vibrant lifestyle hub named The Grandstand. Strategically located in the heart of Bukit Timah, with close proximity to the PIE, Dunearn Road and the upcoming Sixth Avenue MRT station, The Grandstand is the largest shopping and lifestyle hub at the heart of this prime district.
With over 3 million square feet of sporting facilities in and around its vicinity, The Grandstand (consisting 7-storey North Grandstand and 6-storey South Grandstand) offers an eclectic range of food and beverage concepts, a cluster of enrichment and activity centres for children, a host of retail outlets which includes a hypermarket, and Singapore's first farmers' market, comprising more than 35 independent gourmet grocers and specialty stores.
Another notable highlight within the compound is The Grandstand Car Mall. Covering a massive space of 450,000 square feet, it is one of the largest car marts in Singapore with over 150 car showrooms, 3,800 cars and 580 models!
Nestled within lush natural surroundings, The Grandstand aims to re-invent Singapore's shopping, dining and retail experience. It currently boasts a strong customer base made up of families and sports enthusiasts. It also offers pioneering brands a unique opportunity: direct access to a diverse mix of affluent local and expatriate residents within the surrounding locality.
It truly is the destination that's Out of Town In to Life.
For more information, please visit The Grandstand's website at www.thegrandstand.com.sg.
The Company's subsidiary, Harington Property Pte. Ltd. also owns office units in Suntec City, with a total floor area of 1,336 sqm.
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Aaron Hegert | Thayer's Concealing Coloration
Gerald H. Thayer (c1909), Male Ruffed Grouse in Forest
When the first edition of Concealing Coloration in the Animal Kingdom was published in 1909, the author of record was artist-naturalist Gerald H. Thayer. His father Abbott H. Thayer wrote the introduction, while also contributing heavily to every aspect of the book, which bore as its subtitle An Exposition of the Laws of Disguise Through Color and Pattern: Being a Summary of Abbott H. Thayer’s Discoveries.
Among the Thayers’ closest friends was the naturalist and wildlife artist Louis Agassiz Fuertes. In 1956, Fuertes’ daughter, Mary Fuertes Boynton•, recalled that Abbott Thayer “wanted people to see for themselves what he had discovered…He was constantly devising new means of persuasion: placing woodpecker skins upon photos of trees against sky, hanging papier-maché models of patterned oryx heads in trees, taking people into the wood to look for themselves at a mounted peacock concealed in bright sunlight” (p. 128).
Of the many persuasive images in Concealing Coloration, few are as accomplished as a small, intricate watercolor painting (reproduced facing p. 38) by the book’s author, the younger Thayer, of a Male Ruffed Grouse in the Forest. It epitomized what the Thayers believed was the only legitimate option for bird artists—the immersion of the subject in its natural setting, most easily accomplished by (in Abbott’s words) “making a background wholly out of the bird’s colors” (Boynton, p. 214). This led to painful letters between the Thayers and a distraught Fuertes, with the latter being pressured by publishers to paint clearly identifiable birds (in the subsequent handbook tradition), free of the clutter of backgrounds.
Gerald Thayer’s ruffed grouse painting, wrote Fuertes’ daughter, “is a wonderful work of art, perhaps greater than anything Louis ever did. He took six months to paint it (he painted very few pictures at all), and he never made that adjustment to the world that would insure a normal means of earning a living for his family. The advice he gave Louis was good, but Louis could not take it and live…[Abbott Thayer] made an Eden for his children that was not of the world, worldly, yet he left them ill equipped to live with that world, and without the financial means that would enable them to live without it” (p. 217).
Photos of mimetic holes (1909), Concealing Coloration
In a later section of Concealing Coloration, there is a wonderfully curious page [above] comprised of what the Thayers describe as “Bits of animals’ patterns, all representing holes… Among these are mingled reproductions of actual holes to show how close is the resemblance” (p. 159).
I was reminded of these pages from the Thayers' book when I was recently made aware of the work of Aaron Hegert, an American photographer who teaches at Whittier College in CA. Motivated in part by his interest in the Thayer demonstrations, Hegert has produced a camouflage-themed limited edition book (called Action, Time and Vision) of photographs and photographic experiments, some of which are “take-offs” on the images in Concealing Coloration. Of those, I was especially struck by a page spread [below] in which he has juxtaposed the two pages discussed in this blog post, the page of photographs of holes and his interesting revisionist look at Gerald Thayer’s ruffed grouse painting, in which the subject is even more greatly obscured by bringing in bits of the background.
Aaron Hegert (2014), spread from Action, Time and Vision
A selection of Hegert’s images are available online as is a preview of the book.
• See Mary Fuertes Boynton, Louis Agassiz Fuertes: His Life Briefly Told and His Correspondence (NY: Oxford University Press, 1956).
Labels: Abbott H. Thayer, animal camouflage, bird artists, blending, camo, camouflage, dazzle camouflage, disruptive coloration, embedded figure, photography, protective coloration, zoologists
Laura Levin on Camouflage & Performance Art
Above The dust jacket of a new important book: Laura Levin, Performing Ground: Space, Camouflage and the Art of Blending In. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. The following is an excerpt from its promotional text—
Performing Ground is the first book to explore camouflage as a performance practice, arguing that the act of blending into ones environment is central to the ways we negotiate our identities in and through space. Laura Levin tracks contemporary performances of camouflage through a variety of forms—performative photography; environmental, immersive, and site-specific performance; activist infiltration; and solo artworks—and rejects the conventional dismissal of blending in as an abdication of self. Instead, she contemplates the empowering political possibilities of "performing ground," of human bodies intermingling with the material world, while directly engaging with the reality that women and other marginalized persons are often relegated to the background and associated with the properties of space. Performing Ground engages these questions through the works of some of today's most exciting performance artists…
Labels: apparel, camo, camouflage, camouflage artists, camouflage clothing, costumes, dazzle camouflage, disguise, fashion, illusion, masquerade, metamorphosis, performance art, social camouflage, Women
Camouflage Skirts: A Sartorial Disaster
Rebecca Palmer (1884), Crazy Quilt
Above An example of a crazy quilt, made with silk and velvet by Rebecca Palmer (1884). Collection of the Brooklyn Museum. Image from Wikipedia Commons.
When Cubist artworks were first exhibited in the US at the Armory Show in New York (1913), followed by the wartime adoption of dazzle painting for ship camouflage (1917), the public compared them to the crazy quilts at county fairs.
Anon, in “Perth Prattle,” Sunday Times (Perth, Western AU), Sunday, June 2, 1918, p. 15—
The “camouflage” skirt is here, writes “Lady Kitty” in the Adelaide Observer. The cretonne skirt is a sartorial disaster. There is not an article in the whole of ones wardrobe that could possibly “go” with the skirt. It made its first appearance in Sydney, where six and eight guineas were asked—and given—for these camouflage skirts. They are of silk, but such silk! It is most suitably called “crazy.” This demented silk starts at being a wonderful pattern in colors which absolutely pale the gorgeousness of all Eastern color magnificence, when suddenly it is camouflaged with great patches of dullish background. Most weird. Camouflage, you know, is to make things appear other than what they really are—to disguise them, in fact, so that the crazy silk sets out to be a very striking fabric which it is suddenly camouflaged by broad strips of plain color which quite disguise its original identity, but really make it more striking still. Camouflage parties, at which people wear camouflaged fancy dress, have become quite a rage for funding-raising purposes; and if guests are ingenious enough the result is screamingly funny.
Anon, in The Week, The World’s News (Sydney NSW), Saturday, April 13, 1918, p. 14—
Dame Fashion is a fool, and that is putting it mildly. She decrees that women must adopt camouflage for their dress. What need is there for any such thing? Hasn’t woman camouflaged ever since Eve took Adam in over the apple? Of course she has, and will continue to do it just whenever it suits her ideas. If she wants to win a post that wheedling won’t accomplish, she camouflages her face with tears, and lo, she arrives at the desired end. And what she can do with rouge and powder passes all understanding. It is camouflage carried to a fine art. What man could tell that the short-frocked, finely-complexioned, sixteen-year-old hatted person at a distance was over forty and the mother of six? This is camouflage, and with a vengeance, and yet Fashion wants to add to it by use of dresses. If it means that plain cotton stuff at 1s 2d the yard, six yards for 6s 6d, can be so faked by the skillful dressmaker as to appear like a silk confection at a guinea a yard, by all means camouflage. But if it means turning a probable ten-guinea costume into a twenty-pounder, then camouflage is a miserable failure. Everything depends upon what that fickle jade, Fashion, is after. Usually she strives to deplete the purse of the hard-working husband or father, but if in this case, as in the case of ships, the object is to save—then camouflage for ever.
Labels: apparel, Australian camouflage, camo, camouflage, clothing, crazy quilts, fashion, misogyny, pop culture, social camouflage, stripes, swimsuits, Women, World War I, WWI
Was Credit Camouflaged? | Roosevelt Murals
William Andrew Mackay booklet on Roosevelt murals (1944)
Here's yet another post about American muralist William Andrew Mackay, who was an early contributor (some say the earliest) to World War I ship camouflage. In previous posts, his name has come up frequently, because of his own achievements but also because of the work that was done by other artists who had attended his NYC camouflage school. Aside from camouflage, at one time he was a widely known muralist, having created prominent works for the Library of Congress, 1939 World's Fair, Minnesota House of Representatives, and others.
As a muralist, perhaps his most famous achievement is a set of massive murals in the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. Completed in 1935, the famous murals are 34 feet high and 62 feet wide, covering an area of 5,230 square feet. Mackay died on the street of a heart attack in 1939. In 1944, the museum published a posthumous booklet, written by Mackay and A.A. Canfield of the New York State Department of Public Works, titled The Murals in the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Hall (NYC: American Museum of Natural History, in which it is twice stated that the murals “were painted by William Andrew Mackay."
More recently, in a process requiring two years to complete, the Roosevelt Rotunda murals were restored and reopened to the public on Roosevelt's birthday, October 27, 2012. In various news reports, the public was reminded that the man who made them was Mackay, described as "a pioneer in the development of ship camouflage in World War I."
That said, we found it of interest to happen upon a long-forgotten news article titled “’T.R.’ Memorial Murals Painted by Pittsburgher,” published in The Pittsburgh Press, on October 30, 1936—
A former left handed trumpet player from Pittsburgh was the artist who actually painted the murals in the [Roosevelt Rotunda at the] New York State Theodore Roosevelt Memorial…
The man who created the murals, it was discovered today, was Cliff Young, who earned his way through the Art Institute of Pittsburgh by playing a trumpet. He is left handed.
It was not known that Mr. Young had done the work, as the booklets which carry a description of the memorial building have referred only to William Andrew Mackay, winner of the competition held between 25 nationally known artists who submitted sketches.
Responsible for the discovery of the part played by the left-handed trumpeter was Willis Shook, [founder and] director of the art school who stumbled upon his former pupil on a recent trip to New York.
Mr. Mackay directed the execution, employing Mr. Young to do the work, according to Mr. Shook.…
Mr. Young twice painted in his own portrait in the murals, although he hung a beard on his face in order to carry out the scheme of the original designs [as in his self-portrait as Vladimir near the bottom of the mural on Russian history].…
Cliff Young, Figure Drawing Without a Model (1945), p. 42.
With additional sleuthing, we found out that Cliff Young (1905-1985) was a painter and cartoonist who worked for DC Comics during World War II as an illustrator of Green Arrow [Wikipedia article includes one of Cliff Young's covers].
He also wrote two books about learning to draw, Figure Drawing Without a Model (NY: House of Little Books, 1946), and Drawing Drapery from Head to Toe (same publisher, 1947, later reprinted by Dover, 2007).
Originally from Pittsburgh, he studied at the Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Grand Central School of Art, Art Institute of Chicago, National Academy of Design, Carnegie Institute, and Art Students League of New York.
Labels: art history, artists, camo, camouflage, camouflage artists, camouflage school, drawing, murals, ship camouflage, William Andrew Mackay
Bittern Camouflage
Above An American Bittern in camouflage stance in the Myaka River State Park, Florida, as photographed by Sabine Rodens (2006), from Wikipedia Commons.
Frederick C. Gould, "Camouflage" in The Sydney Stock and Station Journal [quoted from The Westminster Gazette] on Friday, April 11, 1919, p. 2—
The Bittern took Camouflage lessons,
For he wanted to look like a stick,
And a Futurist artist in khaki
Taught him the vanishing trick;
He painted his feathers with markings,
And drilled him to stand like a log,
Till he looked not a bit like a Bittern
But just like a bit of the Bog.
Labels: animal camouflage, camo, camouflage, deception, disguise, Futurism, masquerade, mimicry, poetry, zoologists
Michael Torlen Remembers Hoyt L. Sherman
Photographs © Richard Koenig
Above We will never cease to be amazed by the illusionistic photographs (he calls them "photographic prevarications") of American artist Richard Koenig, who teaches in the Department of Art and Art History at Kalamazoo College in Michigan.
They are more than photographs; they are puzzling photographic views of dimensional constructions that were partly made from photographs. They are settings that have much to do with experiments in perception, not in a scientific sense, but more in keeping with the work that was done by artist and optical physiologist Adelbert Ames II in the 1930s-40s. Known collectively as the Ames Demonstrations, many of these were reconstructed in the late 1940s at Ohio State University by art professor Hoyt L. Sherman (see story below in this posting).
In one of Koenig's photographs (above top), a brick pavement (including a manhole) appears to levitate in the corner of a room. But in fact, the pavement pattern is comprised of smaller, precisely distorted photographs, some of which run up the wall. Nothing is actually floating. In the photograph below that one, we see what might at first appear to be two identical stepladders, side-by-side. The one on the right is indeed a stepladder, but the second one consists of smaller, photographic tiles that are entirely flat on the floor.
In the 1960s, among the graduate students who worked with Hoyt Sherman at Ohio State University was the artist Michael Torlen, who would later go on to become a Professor of Art at Purchase College, State University of New York. Now Professor Emeritus, Torlen recently published a paper about Sherman's ideas and Torlen's memories of him. The article is titled "Hit with a brick: The Teachings of Hoyt L. Sherman" in Visual Inquiry: Learning and Teaching Art. Vol 2 No 3 (2013), pp. 313-326. In the following, he recalls what happened at Sherman's first meeting with a group of graduate students at OSU in 1963 (p. 314)—
As we settled into our chairs, Sherman handed out a course outline and began his lecture. Then he turned and walked over to a table stacked with a variety of materials, include a pile of red bricks. Seemingly distracted, Sherman stopped discussing his syllabus and started searching for something beneath the brick pile. He stacked and re-shuffled the bricks, sorting and clinking them loudly against each other, until he suddenly turned and hurled a brick directly at our heads.
Certain he had aimed the brick at me, I scrambled to get out of the way, murmuring, "Is this guy crazy?" Sherman was laughing. The brick he threw was a piece of foam rubber, the same size as the other bricks, painted brick red. Sherman explained that we were unable to distinguish the foam rubber brick from the cluster of real bricks, because our past experience, our associations and our memory of bricks influenced us. Our reactions developed from the false assumption that similar things are identical.
Posted by Roy R. Behrens at 12:51 PM
Labels: Adelbert Ames II, ambiguity, anamorphosis, deception, distortion, forced perspective, Hoyt Sherman, OSU, Richard Koenig
Dazzle Camouflage | Deception & Illusion
On Monday, November 17, 2014, UNI Professor and Distinguished Scholar Roy R. Behrens will talk about World War I ship camouflage in a program titled Deception & Visual Illusion: World War I Ship Camouflage. He will share historic photographs of various disruptive schemes known at the time as "dazzle camouflage." Designed by artists, graphic designers, architects, theatre set designers, and vision scientists, these were intended to throw off the calculations of torpedo gunners on German U-boats (submarines). The event is free and open to the public.
Labels: architecture, artists, camo, camouflage artists, dazzle camouflage, forced perspective, graphic design, Rod Library, Roy R. Behrens, ship camouflage, UNI, WWI
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Davis Elementary » About Our School
Every student, everyday, is entitled to quality teaching instruction.
Differentiated instruction enhances the potential to learn.
An effective school is comprised of students, parents, faculty, staff, and administrators working as a team.
Character education is an integral part of the instructional program.
The school's environment should foster mutual respect.
ABOUT INSTRUCTION
The instructional day begins at 8:10 a.m. and ends at 3:10 p.m. daily. All kindergarten, first, and second classes are self-contained. Grades three through five are departmentalized. The instructional day is divided into subject areas in accordance with state and local guidelines. All instruction is provided by highly qualified personnel. Additionally, over the last five consecutive years, Davis Elementary has made Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) according to the Alabama State Department of Education Accountability Criteria.
ABOUT FACILITY
Davis Elementary School was built in 1957 and named after Edward Thomas Davis who was Chairman of the Montgomery County Board of Education from 1935-1947. It is approximately 54 years old. The original two-story brick building had twenty-one regular classrooms. In 1980, a new wing was added. During the 2004-2005 school-term, a new media resource center/library was added, along with two classrooms, two restrooms, and a finance office. In the summer of 2005, the playground was rebuilt, and new equipment with a blacktop was added. Additionally, in the summer of 2011, a parking lot was added to accommodate the increase of personnel for the 2011-2012 school year.
ABOUT THE STUDENTS
E. T. Davis School has a homogeneous student population. The racial make-up of the students is consistently 99.5 percent African-American. Davis projected enrollment for the 2015-2016 school year is 641 students in kindergarten through fifth grade and 18 students in Pre-K program funded through Family Guidance. Davis has consistently maintained an attendance rate of 96 percent. Statistics indicate that some of Davis students are "at-risk". The socioeconomic level of the students is best indicated by the fact that 96 percent of the students qualify for free or reduced lunches, which makes the school eligible to receive Title One funding.
ABOUT STUDENT SERVICES
Students have access to a full-time school counselor. All students receive guidance and counseling services from the counselor through a structured, weekly classroom schedule. Individual counseling and group counseling services are available by referral.
The school is located on a four-acre site in a residential area in south Montgomery. It is a neighborhood school. Most students live within walking distance of the school. Davis has an active safety committee who regularly monitors the school.
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The 1894 Christian Kruse House -- 329 West 88th Street
Born in Hanover, Germany, Christian Kruse arrived in New York at the age of 14. In 1851 he ventured well north of the city to establish a grocery business on the Bloomingdale Road (later Broadway) around what would become 83rd Street. What many might have thought was a questionable undertaking paid off and he continued to purchase property along West 83rd.
As the neighborhood around him developed into a new suburb, he erected upscale homes on his properties in 1883 and moved his family into a mansion on the northwest corner of 83rd Street and West End Avenue that engulfed four building plots. On September 4, 1893 Kruse's wife, Maria, died in that residence at the age of 60.
Around the same time developer and builder James Livingston was erecting rows of fine homes in the district. In April 1894 he began construction on nine 20-foot wide houses on West 88th Street between Riverside Drive and West End Avenue. Designed by Thom & Wilson, they were completed just eight months later, in December.
Designed in the Renaissance Revival style, each cost $20,000 to construct, or about $613,000 today. Faced in beige ironspot Roman brick and trimmed in ashlar, they rose four stories above the English basement. Thom & Wilson arranged their three designs in a balanced A-A-B-C-B-C-B-A-A pattern.
No. 329 is at the right.
Among the first of the row to be sold was No. 329, bought by Christian Kruse on December 6. It may have been that following the death of his wife and with his six children grown he no longer needed the massive home he had occupied for years.
The double-doored entrance to Kruse's new home sat above a doglegged box stoop and beneath an elaborate stone hood. A striking female portrait on a shell background filled the tympanum. An angled, two-story bay at the second and third floors was flanked by engaged, swirled colunnettes which sat upon carved heads. The fourth floor windows were fronted by the brick and stone balustrade of the bay. They were framed in intricate engaged columns and decorations that might have been plucked from Verona or Venice.
Moving into the house with their father were Sophia and Charlotte, both still unmarried. As Christian he had done, Charlotte dabbled in real estate. And it appears that, also like he, the sisters spoke German as their primary language. An advertisement for a maid in the New York Herald on October 28, 1900 was vague in duties but specific regarding regional roots: "A North German girl to do general housework."
Christian Kruse was suffering a persistent illness at the time and he died in the house on March 11, 1901. In reporting his death the New York Herald called him "an old time resident of the west side" and "one of the pioneers of the neighborhood in which he lived." He left an estate valued at about $12.6 million today.
Kruse's will divided the estate in equal shares to his six children, with $2,000 each going to his two granddaughters, Mary Elizabeth and Laura Caroline Achenbach. Their inheritance was to be held in trust until they came of age "unless the interest was required for their maintenance and education." But their parents were apparently not satisfied with the girls' bequests--equal to about $62,000 each today.
On April 9, 1901 the New-York Tribune reported that Mary Elizabeth Achenbach was contesting her grandfather's will. Her filing, which no doubt caused upheaval among the Kruse siblings, hardly sounds like the product of a minor. "The contestant alleges that her grandfather was of unsound mind when he made the will, and that he was unduly influenced by persons whom she does not now know."
Charlotte and Sophia continued on in the house, Charlotte buying and selling properties. While they did not own a country home, each managed to get away. On March 27, 1902, for instance, in a column entitled "Along Society's Rose Trimmed Paths," the Evening Telegram noted "Miss Charlotte B. Kruse, of No. 329 West Eight-eighth street, is the guest of Miss Carolyn Kruger, at Lakewood, N. J."
Sophia was the last of the Kruse family in the 88th Street house. She died on January 2, 1917 at the age of 69. No. 329 became home to Frederick Grothe and his family, who remained into the 1940's.
The former Kruse home was converted to apartments and furnished rooms in 1951; and then in 1972 to a duplex in the basement and parlor floors, with two apartments per floor above.
Among the residents was physicist Eduardo S. Vera. He filled his apartment with a striking collection of tapestries. They were the works of the Bordadoras de Isla Negra, a women's sewing group in the coastal town of Isla Nega, Chile, founded by his mother, Leonor Sobrino de Vera in the 1960's.
In addition Vera operated the Isla Negra Foundation, established in 1981, from his apartment. Its immediate purpose was to document and preserve the work, and its eventual goal was to establish a museum for the foundation's collection.
From the sidewalk the Kruse house is, overall, little changed since 1894--a noteworthy presence among a handsome row.
Posted by Tom Miller at 1:40 AM
Labels: thom and wilson, upper west side, west 88th street
E. Sniffen's 1883 219-221 Grand Street
The Calhoun, Robbins & Co. Building - 895-899 Broa...
The Dr. F. W. Lilienthal House - 408 West 154th St...
The Cornelius H. Hedden House - 28 Bethune Street
Emery Roth & Sons' 1939 Normandy Apartments - 140 ...
The Lost Gonfarone's Restaurant - 181 MacDougal St...
Soon To Go--Dr. E. B. Foote's Murray Hill Publishi...
Blum & Blum's 1912 Tudor-Arts & Crafts Blend--17 E...
William Field & Son's 1870 134-140 Grand Street
From Apartments to Mega-Mansion, Wm. H. Bickmire's...
The 1894 Christian Kruse House -- 329 West 88th St...
The Lost Ingraham House - 504 Broome Street
Lyndon P Smith's 1898 76 Irving Place
The 1862 Hope Building - 131-135 Duane Street
Robert Maynicke's 1903 476 Broadway
The Cornelius Oakley House - 59 Morton Street
The Joel E. Fisher House - 34 West 76th Street
The Lost All Souls' Church Rectory - 104 East 20th...
The Former Caffe Cino - 31 Cornelia Street
Youngs & Outcolt's 1870 No. 84 Thomas Street
The Eliza Payne House - 499 Broome Street
The 1927 Beekman Campanile - 450 East 52nd Street
The Belvedere Garage - 250 West 80th Street
The Lost Beinhauer Farm -- Fifth Avenue and 51st S...
Nicholas Whyte's 1869 393 Broadway
The Capt. Jacob Miller House - 113 East 30th Street
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Investigation the effects of cigarette smoke on immunoglobulin levels in serum and saliva samples of smoker and non-Smoker subjects using antibody-microarray technology
Tarbiah, Nesrin (2017) Investigation the effects of cigarette smoke on immunoglobulin levels in serum and saliva samples of smoker and non-Smoker subjects using antibody-microarray technology. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham.
PDF (The aim of this study was to optimise and develop a highly-advanced antibody microarray technique, applying new reagents that had never been used with this technique before. This array was then used to investigate the effects of CS on Ig class expression.) (Thesis - as examined) - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
Cigarette smoke (CS) has many damaging effects on the body, and the chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke can change immunological functions through impact on both innate and adaptive immunity. The incidences of many diseases are affected by the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system, and the induction of an inflammatory response, which affects several tissues and organs. On this basis, a comparison of smokers′ and non-smokers′ immunoglobulin levels could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of smoking related diseases. Although the effects of cigarette smoking on humoral and cellular immunity have been investigated previously, the results have varied between the studies, and therefore more research is still required.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes are different in the serum and saliva of non-smoking individuals compared to smoking individuals. An examination of serum and saliva would provide information on the effects of cigarette smoke systemically and in the oral mucosa, respectively. The effects of cigarette smoke extract on B-cell secretions were also examined to establish whether cigarette smoke components can have direct effects on immunoglobulin production by B cells. In order to determine Ig isotype levels, antibody microarray techniques were established and calibrated for determining the sample concentrations of IgM, IgG, IgA and IgD. The results showed that smoking has different effects on systemic and salivary immunoglobulin levels. In the serum, smokers had decreased levels of IgG and IgD, but increased IgM and IgA levels compared to non-smokers. However, in the saliva smokers had decreased levels of IgG, IgD, and IgM, whereas there were increased levels of IgA in smokers’ saliva. As CS has been found to influence the serum and salivary levels of Ig isotypes ex-vivo, the mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated in vitro to determine whether the changes were as a result of a direct effect of the CS on B-cells. This study has shown that CS had deleterious effects on the production and the levels, of Ig isotypes. These results support the concept that CS is related to diseases, and more research is necessary in this field.
Todd, I.
Fairclough, L.
Tighe, P.J.
B cells, Smoking, Cigarette smoke extract,Immunoglobulin levels in serum and saliva samples, Microarray, Nicotine, In vitro effects of CSE on antibody secretion from stimulated B cells
Q Science > QP Physiology
QS-QZ Preclinical sciences (NLM Classification) > QV Pharmacology
Tarbiah, Nesrin
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Tag Archives: Georges Seurat
Seated Woman (Study for “La Grande Jatte”), c. 1884-1885, by Georges Seurat. Conte crayon on laid paper, Sheet: 11 13/16 × 6 1/2 inches. The Louis E. Stern Collection, 1963. Image courtesy of Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2019.
The Impressionist’s Eye
Philadelphia Museum of Art to present the most extensive exhibition of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism ever to be assembled from its collection
April 16 – August 18, 2019
This spring the Philadelphia Museum of Art will present a broad survey of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Drawn almost entirely from its renowned collection, this exhibition will bring together more than 80 works in a variety of media—painting, sculpture, prints, drawings, and pastels— to illuminate the achievements of some of history’s most beloved artists. The Impressionist’s Eye will feature many of the museum’s most celebrated paintings—among them Claude Monet’s Japanese Footbridge and the Water Lily Pool, Mary Cassatt’s In the Loge, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’s At the Moulin Rouge: The Dance, and Vincent van Gogh’s Sunflowers—offering fresh insights into these works and placing them in conversation with other major examples by these artists and their contemporaries. For example, Renoir’s ambitious Great Bathers, newly conserved on the centenary of the artist’s death, will be shown alongside treatments of the same theme by Edgar Degas and Paul Cézanne.
The Impressionist’s Eye will include a number of important works on paper (shown in two rotations to avoid overexposing them to light) that have not been on view in the galleries for a decade or more, emphasizing the importance that the artists of these movements attached to working in a variety of media. Among these will be exquisite renderings in pen and ink by Van Gogh, sheets from Cézanne’s sketchbooks that were last exhibited at the museum in 1989, a drawing by Lautrec last shown at this museum in 1956, and one by Berthe Morisot that will be placed on view for the first time.
Timothy Rub, the George D. Widener Director and Chief Executive Officer, said: “The Philadelphia Museum of Art contains one of the country’s most acclaimed collections of 19th century art, but rarely have we had the opportunity to show our Impressionist and Post-Impressionist holdings as comprehensively as we are able to do in this exhibition. Assembling them in The Impressionist’s Eye will enable us to convey the innovative and often boldly experimental character of the work of these artists as well as how fluidly they moved from one medium to another. The presentation of this exhibition in the Dorrance Special Exhibition Galleries is accompanied by a beautiful new publication devoted to the collection. It also comes as the consequence of the comprehensive renovation—the first in nearly 25 years—that we are undertaking this spring of the galleries in which we show our collection of later 19th-century European painting, sculpture, and the decorative arts. They will be closing temporarily as we proceed with much-needed improvements in tandem with the construction of the next phase—entitled the Core Project—of our facilities master plan designed by Frank Gehry.”
The development of Impressionism began in France in the 1870s in the work of artists such as Monet, Renoir, and Pissarro, and set the stage for the bold experiments with color, line, and form that would follow over the next several decades and radically alter the course of modern painting. The exhibition will include a number of works that were presented in the several Impressionist exhibitions held in the 1870s and 1880s, as well as informal sketches and studies that could be considered more experimental or personal in nature.
The Impressionist’s Eye will offer visitors new perspectives on the inventiveness and vision that the artists of this movement brought to their subjects. The choice of bold cropping and unusual points of view, their flattening of space and use of vibrant color and vigorous brushwork imbued their work with a bracing sense of modernity which startled contemporary audiences. Their radically way of painting also reflected a broad fascination with photography and with Japanese (Ukiyo-e) woodblock prints. Visitors will also see a significant number of works by many of the key figures of Post-Impressionism such as George Seurat, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Paul Cézanne, each of whom took the innovations of the Impressionists as their point of departure and then evolved in new and often dramatically different directions.
The exhibition has been organized around a series of themes that highlight the shared interest of these artists in certain subjects. Among these are Nature, The Modern City, Everyday Objects (or still life), People, and Bathers.
The introduction of commercially produced paint in tubes and the convenience of portable easels and paint sets, combined with the greater mobility afforded by the development of railroads, fostered the growing popularity of painting en plein air, or out-of-doors. The opening section of the exhibition demonstrates how firmly the artists associated with Impressionism were committed to recording their direct observations of nature and making the variability of light, color, and atmosphere a central element of their work. Among the highlights of this section are Camille Pissarro’s Railroad to Dieppe (1886), Monet’s Bend in the Epte River near Giverny (1888), Cézanne’s Mont Sainte-Victoire (1902-04), as well as a lively pen and ink drawing executed in 1888 by Van Gogh titled Haystacks, which is remarkable for its swirling lines, bold dashes, and lively dots.
Paris provides the main inspiration for the next section of the exhibition, The Modern City. Some artists concentrated on the architecture of the French capital, capturing scenes of its grand boulevards or popular urban entertainments such as cabaret, ballet, and the theater. Artists such as Renoir, Pissarro, Edgar Degas, and Mary Cassatt captured many different aspects of the urban experience—the kinetic energy of great crowds traveling to and fro or a single figure caught at a moment of quiet reverie. A Woman and Girl Driving, by Cassatt, shows a modern woman—the artists’ elder sister—boldly taking the reins of a horse-drawn carriage in Paris alongside the niece of Degas. Toulouse-Lautrec’s At the Moulin-Rouge (1889-90) captures the demi-monde at play, with a dancer kicking up her skirts as she performs the can-can amid a crowd of top-hatted men. At the Paris Opera, Degas’s The Ballet Class, conveys the rigor of young girls learning their craft as a stage mother slumps with fatigue into a chair. Among the group of conté crayon drawings by Georges Seurat included in the exhibition, is a rare rendition of a woman, seated on the bank of an island in the Seine, which served as a study for the artist’s masterpiece, La Grande Jatte.
Another section focuses upon the different ways in which artists such as Edouard Manet and Paul Cézanne reanimated the traditional theme of still life painting, imbuing it with a new spirit and sense of ambition, aptly characterized by the latter when he said, “I want to astonish Paris with an apple.” Flower-filled vases (Renoir), artisanal cakes (Caillebotte), or a woven basket (Manet) were convenient subjects for the artists’ experimentation. “A painter can say all he wants to with fruit and flowers,” observed Manet, who focused on this familiar genre in nearly a fifth of his canvases. In these works, visitors are invited to witness everyday objects transformed through color, texture, and line.
Many of these artists were also keen observers of people. As Van Gogh noted in 1885, “Painted portraits have a life of their own that comes from deep in the soul of the painter and where the machine [the camera] can’t go.” His treatment of the postman Roulin’s wife clutching her baby Marcelle, created in 1888, possesses a luminous, almost otherworldly glow. In this section of the exhibition, works in clay, graphite, pastel, and paint reveal just how thoroughly the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists up-ended longstanding traditions of rendering the human figure. Drawings such as Cézanne’s Peasant Girl Wearing a Fichu and such sculptures as Degas’s Little Dancer, Aged Fourteen, (modeled in wax, 1878-81 and cast in bronze, about 1922) reflect the unique qualities that different media offered to these artists to enable them to capture the unique character and vivacity of their subjects. Responding to the recent advent of photography, artists sought to convey the character of the sitter in ways that seem both direct and spontaneous, as demonstrated in Bethe Morisot’s Young Woman with Brown Hair, 1894.
The same observations can be made of their treatment of the timeless subject of the nude, a theme that especially fascinated Renoir, Degas, and Cézanne. Renoir’s Great Bathers, (1884-87) will be seen in The Impressionist’s Eye for the first time since the completion of a year-long conservation treatment and cleaning, a project generously supported by the Bank of America Art Conservation Project. The artist labored over this canvas, seeking to establish a new direction for his work and to create an image that would be both contemporary in spirit and rival the great masters of the Renaissance. The installation will enable visitors to appreciate it in a state that now more closely resembles how it looked when the artist completed it, and in the company of some of the greatest works of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
“For three years Renoir wrestled with this work,” notes Jennifer Thompson, the museum’s Gloria and Jack Drosdick Curator of European Painting & Sculpture & Curator of the John G. Johnson Collection, who organized the exhibition. “Just howexhaustively, we knew from notes left by Berthe Morisot, but seeing the cross-sections and x-rays taken by our specialists in Conservation has reaffirmed precisely how much he questioned himself and started over, again and again.”
The Impressionists Eye, as an exhibition drawn from the collection, also offers a record of collecting, tastes, and insight into the cultural life of Philadelphia in the 19th and 20th centuries, beginning with Mary Cassatt, the American in Paris who early on persuaded her family members in this city and others around the country to purchase the work of the Impressionists, touching off a new vogue in collecting. “Philadelphia was a vibrant center for collecting in the during this period,” Thompson notes, “and the museum’s Impressionist holdings were indelibly shaped by the taste and civic spirit of those individuals, much as today’s collectors of contemporary art collectors enrich the cultural life of our city.”
The Impressionist’s Eye has been made possible by Presenting Sponsor Bank of America.
Contributions to this exhibition have been made by The Robert Montgomery Scott Endowment for Exhibitions, The Laura and William C. Buck Endowment for Exhibitions, The Gloria and Jack Drosdick Fund for Special Exhibitions, The Harriet and Ronald Lassin Fund for Special Exhibitions, Lyn M. Ross, Joan F. Thalheimer, The Jill and Sheldon Bonovitz Fund for Exhibitions, and an anonymous donor.
Support for both The Impressionist’s Eye exhibition and the reinstallation of the galleries of nineteenth-century European painting has been generously provided by Lois G. and Julian A. Brodsky.
Support for the reinstallation of the galleries of nineteenth-century European painting has been generously provided by Barbara B. and Theodore R. Aronson, Harriet and Ron Lassin, Martha McGeary Snider, and other donors.
Credits as of February 28, 2019
The exhibition is accompanied by Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: Highlights from the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the first publication from the museum to focus on its internationally renowned Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collections ($35). Written by Jennifer A. Thompson with contributions by Joseph J. Rishel and Eileen Owens, and co-published by the Philadelphia Museum of Art and Yale University Press (240 pages; 224 color, 8 black-and-white illustrations), it focuses upon one of the most significant collections of Impressionism and Post Impressionism in the country, with two hundred Cézannes, twenty-three Monets, and more than fifty Renoirs.
Thompson’s introductory essay examines the circumstances and individuals—including Mary Cassatt’s brother, the Philadelphia railroad executive Alexander J. Cassatt, depicted in a painting by his sister—that led to the formation of the collection. It provides entries on ninety highlights, including Cézanne’s The Large Bathers, Degas’s Little Dancer, Aged Fourteen, Van Gogh’s Sunflowers, Monet’s Japanese Bridge and Waterlily Pond, Toulouse-Lautrec’s Moulin Rouge, and Renoir’s Great Bathers. Paintings, sculpture, and drawings by figures such as Cassatt, Seurat, Manet, Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Morisot, and Auguste Rodin are presented together, providing a rich and encompassing view of these artists and the innovative works they created across mediums.
The entries explore the artists’ aims and challenges, discuss conservation discoveries, and consider the works within the contexts of the art market, social history, fashion, and politics. Comparative illustrations, such as related works from Philadelphia and other collections, preparatory drawings, X-rays demonstrating substantial alterations, and period photographs, add to an understanding of each work.
Changes in the Nineteenth Century Galleries
Beginning March 25, 2019, seven rooms dedicated to nineteenth century paintings on the first floor of the main building will close for renovation, including galleries 151, 152, 159, 156, 157, 160, 161. Several of these will reopen in July, and the full suite will be reopened following the conclusion of The Impressionist’s Eye. Currently closed for renovation are galleries 150 and 153. On March 25, these galleries reopen with works by Couture, Courbet, Corot, and Millet, a new installation focusing on the rejection of idealism, the treatment of “ordinary” subjects, and technical innovations in painting outdoors and in the use of bold, gestural brushwork.
Jennifer Thompson, The Gloria and Jack Drosdick Curator of European Painting & Sculpture & Curator of the John G. Johnson Collection
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Dorrance Special Exhibition Galleries, 2600 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19130
215-763-8100 Tuesday–Sunday, 10:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m.
Wednesday & Friday: Main building open until 8:45 p.m.
Closed Monday except for some holidays
Thank you to the Social Media team at The Philadelphia Museum of Art for the content of this post.
DoNArTNeWs – celebrating eleven years reporting on Philadelphia artists and art.
This entry was posted in Abstract Expressionism, Art, Art Galleries, Art History, Art in Philadelphia, Art Museums, Drawings, Experience Design, Fine Art Philadelphia, Mixed Media Art, Oil Paint, PA Art, Paintings, Paintings Philadelphia, Pastels, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Abstract Art, Philadelphia Art, Philadelphia Art Galleries, Philadelphia Art Installations, Philadelphia Art Museums, Philadelphia Art Shows, Philadelphia Artists, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Plein Air Painting, Uncategorized, Watercolors, Works on Paper and tagged Aged Fourteen, Art, Cézanne’s Peasant Girl Wearing a Fichu, Cézanne’s The Large Bathers, Corot, Courbet, Couture, Degas’s Little Dancer, DoNArTNeWs Philadelphia Art News Blog, Everyday Objects, Georges Seurat, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec’, Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, Mary Cassatt, Millet, modern art, Monet’s Japanese Bridge, Nature, paintings, Philadelphia Art, Philadelphia Fine Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Spring 2019, The Impressionist’s Eye, The Modern City, Van Gogh’s Sunflowers on March 21, 2019 by admin1.
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Online dating effects
Accept. interesting aka dating history for
Posted on 27.03.2020 27.03.2020 by Faura
He was born on Thursday, January 28, Is Aka married or single, and who is he dating now? AKA is a drama film, the first by director and writer Duncan Roy. The film is set in the late s in Britain and deals with the story of Dean, an year-old boy who assumes another identity in order to enter high society. Dean then meets David, an older gay man who desires him and Benjamin, a young Texan hustler.
Is Aka married or single, and who is he dating now? AKA is a drama film, the first by director and writer Duncan Roy.
Want a full history search for PH-AKA dating back to ? Buy now. Get it within one hour. Nicole has denied dating AKA, while the rapper asked not to be bothered. Bonang's manager, Sylvester Chauke, said there wouldn't be any comments on the star's love life. Baby aka Birdman has been in relationships with Keyshia Cole , Grace Chavez ( - ), Kimora Lee Simmons ( - ), Trina and Mia Dumas ( - ). About Baby aka Birdman is a 51 year old American butterfishny.com place: New Orleans.
The film is set in the late s in Britain and deals with the story of Dean, an year-old boy who assumes another identity in order to enter high society. Dean then meets David, an older gay man who desires him and Benjamin, a young Texan hustler.
He burst on to the scene in after being nominated for a Kora Award while performing with the hip hop group Entity. Aka is single.
He is not dating anyone currently. Aka had at least 1 relationship in the past.
Aka has not been previously engaged. He has a daughter named Kairo with DJ Zinhle.
Aka dating history
According to our records, he has no children. Like many celebrities and famous people, Aka keeps his personal and love life private.
Check back often as we will continue to ate this page with new relationship details. Aquarians are extroverted, friendly, and great listeners and friendship is the key component of a romantic relationship with an Aquarian.
The most compatible signs with Aquarius are generally considered to be Aries, Gemini, Libra, and Sagittarius.
Check back often as we will continue to ate this page with new relationship details. Aggressively fun, this sign usually moves full speed ahead once they have their love target 'locked'. They enjoy a challenge and especially are attracted to confident outgoing partners.
The most compatible signs with Sagittarius are generally considered to be Aries, Leo, Libra, and Aquarius. The least compatible signs with Sagittarius are generally considered to be Virgo and Pisces.
JAY Z - 6 DEGREES OF SLEEPING AROUND ( DATING HISTORY )
AKA Roxxie also has a ruling planet of Jupiter. She has not been previously engaged. We are currently in process of looking up more information on the previous dates and hookups.
The first generation to reach adulthood in the new millennium, Millennials are the young technology gurus who thrive on new innovations, startups, and working out of coffee shops. They were the kids of the s who were born roughly between and These somethings to early year-olds have redefined the workplace. They are known as confident, entitled, and depressed. She has gained popularity there for her hair, makeup, and beauty tips and tutorials.
Mar 01, � Yep, we all know that Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen's dating history is full of way older guys. In fact, some of them are so much older that their romantic dates look more like a Author: Chelsea Duff. Feb 06, � AKA Roxxie's Boyfriend. AKA Roxxie is single. She is not dating anyone currently. AKA had at least 1 relationship in the past. AKA Roxxie has not been previously engaged. She was originally born and raised in Florida. According to our records, she has no children. Like many celebrities and famous people, AKA keeps her personal and love life Nationality: American.
The education details are not available at this time. Watch the video below to see their dating history - and all the enormous age gaps.
Back in high school, they were both dating guys who were basically age-appropriate. The guys were all three years older, which was maybe a little scandalous since the twins were in school and the guys were in college, but it was still pretty normal. So what happened after that? Though MK is better known for her famously older husban it seems like it was actually Ashley who started the trend.
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My Dating History *ALL THE DETAILS*
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2016 Book List~Part 1
Last year my theme was the Civil Rights Movement. This year's theme is First Ladies, as I continue my study of them and writing their profiles on my blog. I am reading a book on each first lady and each president, then I watch the C-span profiles on both, and then I find other information on them.
Right now, I am reading Louisa Catherine: The Other Mrs. Adams by Margery Heffron.
Here are the books I've read so far:
1) Rosemary: The Hidden Kennedy Daughter--Kate Clifford Larson
2) Elizabeth Kortright Monroe--James Wootten
3) Ronald Reagan (The American Presidents #40)--Jacob Weisberg
4) First Ladies--National Public Radio
5) James Monroe: America's 5th President--Andrew Santella
6) Yes, My Accent is Real: and Some Other Things I Haven't Told You--Kunal Nayyar
7) Why Not Me?--Mindy Kaling
8) Things That Matter: Three Decades of Passions, Pastimes, and Politics--Charles Krauthammer
9) Gateway to Freedom:The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad--Eric Foner
10) For Laci: A Mother's Story of Love, Loss, and Justice--Sharon Rocha
11) Promises to Keep: Memorable Writings and Statements--Robert F. Kennedy
12) Hitler's Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields--Wendy Lower
13) My Story--Elizabeth Smart
14) Alexander Hamilton--Charles A. Conant
15) Wife No. 19--Ann Eliza Young
16) Rising to the Challenge: My Leadership Journey--Carly Fiorina
17) In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom--Yeonmi Park
18) Churchill--J. Rufus Fears (The Teaching Company)
19) The Wright Brothers--David McCullough
20) Where the Light Gets In--Kimberly Williams-Paisley
21) An American Son: A Memoir--Marco Rubio
22) Don't Give Up, Don't Give In: Lessons from an Extraordinary Life--Louis Zamperini
Labels: Book List, Carly Fiorina, Charles Krauthammer, David McCullough, First Ladies, Marco Rubio
First Lady Profile #10~Elizabeth Monroe
Mrs. Monroe is an elegant, accomplished woman. She possesses a charming mind and dignity of manners.~A Washington Paper in 1817
One of the guests, Auguste Levasseur, was taken by the First lady's charm, wit and beauty, despite her fifty-six years.~James E. Wootton
-I couldn't find any books written specifically about Elizabeth Monroe, the closest I got was a pamphlet written by a curator at the Ash Lawn home, James E. Wootton. The reason:
Little is known of her personal insights into the remarkable life that she led as, according to family tradition, she burned her correspondence prior to her death.~The Papers of James Monroe
-Elizabeth was born on June 30, 1768 in New York City to a wealthy family. She married James Monroe when she was 17 and he was 27, on February 16, 1786.
-They had 3 children, a boy named James Spence who died at age 2, and two girls--Eliza Hey and Maria Hester. Maria would later get married in the White House.
-In 1794, President George Washington sent James Monroe to Paris to be U.S. Minister to France. During their time there, both James and Elizabeth learned French and adopted many French customs.
-Elizabeth became a heroine when she helped get Madame de Lafayette released from a French prison. The french gave her the name, La Belle Americaine (The American Beauty).
-In 1817, James Monroe was elected the 5th President of the United States. His presidency was described as the "era of good feelings".
-Dolley Madison had just finished being the White House hostess for 16 years, she had been very popular and it would've been hard for anyone to follow her.
-Elizabeth refused to make excessive social calls and didn't attend public functions due to her health issues (headaches and possible epilepsy). She also was "fiercely independent and seemingly unconcerned with conforming to public expectations."
-The public didn't know about her health issues and judged her as cold and aloof. They were also critical of her and the President purchasing most of the White House furniture from France. They nicknamed her "Queen Elizabeth".
It is a remark, which it would be unpardonable to withhold, that it was improbable for any female to have fulfilled all the duties of the partner of such cares, and of a wife and parent, with more attention, delicacy and propriety than she has done.~James Monroe
-Yet, Daniel Preston says, "if she were to be compared to any contemporary first lady it would be Jackie Kennedy. She brought a sense of style and elegance to the White House".
-Her husband valued her highly and said that she was his "partner in all things". She was very literate and articulate and an advisor to him.
-She died in 1830 at their Oak Hill home in Virginia.
First Lady Links:
-National First Ladies Library
-C-Span Series on First Ladies
My Elizabeth Monroe Books:
-First Ladies: Presidential Historians on the Lives of 45 Iconic American Women--Susan Swain C-Span
-America's First Ladies--Diana Dixon Healy
-First Ladies--Betty Boyd Caroli
-First Ladies of the White House--Nancy J. Skarmeas
-Elizabeth Kortright Monroe--James E. Wootton
Reference Material that I checked out from the library:
-First Ladies: A Biographical Dictionary--Dorothy Schneider
-NPR American Chronicles: First Ladies--Cokie Roberts
-Faith of the First Ladies--Jerry MacGregor
Previous Profiles:
-Martha Washington
-Abigail Adams
-Dolley Madison
-Louisa Adams
-Julia Grant
-Lucretia Garfield
-Frances Cleveland
-Edith Roosevelt
-Eleanor Roosevelt
Labels: Elizabeth Monroe, First Ladies, First Ladies Series, Inspirational Women, President James Monroe
A Review of An American Son
This wasn't about the Senate. It wasn't about politics. God didn't endorse candidates. He wanted me to trust Him, to rely on Him, to lean on Him. He didn't want me to believe He would make me a senator. He wanted me to believe that whatever happened He loved me and would give me the strength and peace of mind to endure it.~pg. 200
My Review in Quotes~~
His Grandfather's Influence...
I had an invaluable living research guide in my home, who encouraged my amateur scholarship. My grandfather loved history and politics as much as I did, and was far more knowledgeable about them. He became my tutor, my companion and close friend and one of the great influences in my life. But for his encouragement, I think my life would have turned out very differently than it has.~pg. 41
He taught me many things, but none more important than the conviction that I must not waste the opportunities my parents had sacrificed to give us and our country made available to us. I've always believed, even when I was an inattentive and undisciplined student, that the time would arrive for me to become serious and do something important with my life, and I would be ready for it. I believed it because Papa taught me to believe it. And that, more than the wealth of knowledge he shared with me, more than the epics of history he evoked so powerfully for me, more than his opinions and passions and eccentricities, has made all the difference in the world to me.~pg. 47
Who truly deserves the credit...
I would receive public acclaim for my success, but I knew who truly deserved the credit. I am the son of immigrants, exiles from a troubled country. They gave me everything it was in their power to give. And I am proof their lives mattered, their existence had a purpose.
In the last night of a long campaign, I remembered where my journey began. It began long ago, in the hardships and struggles of ordinary people with extraordinary strength and courage and love, on an island I have never seen.~pg. 283
Reagan...
Reagan's election and my grandfather's allegiance to him were defining influences on me politically. I've been a Republican ever since. More than just help me develop a political identity, my grandfather instilled in me the importance of strong leadership and conviction. He urged me to study and learn but, more important, to do something useful with the knowledge I acquired.~pg. 45
Jeb Bush...
The story included several flattering quotes from Jeb Bush. "He's got all the right tools," Jeb said. "He's charismatic and has the 'right principles.'"~pg. 205
I had rarely discussed my faith in public. I hadn't hidden it, but I hadn't emphasized it, either. But, time and again, throughout my thirty-six years, God had made His visible in my life. I had had opportunities to do things that the people who loved me had never had...I had been blessed with parents who encouraged me to dream and a wife who helped me achieve my dreams. I had been blessed to be born an American.
I should have given the speech (his farewell address to the Florida House) long before, but I had been conditioned by political correctness, by the prevailing notion that a discussion of one's faith didn't belong in the public realm. No matter how hard we try, though, we cannot keep God out of our lives, out of every moment, every aspiration, every failure and every success. Whether we acknowledge it or not, He inhabits our lives completely. It had taken me too long, but I was determined not to leave the house without paying public tribute to God, for the blessings He had bestowed on me and on our country.~pg.160
So Much More...
But the campaign had become so much more to me than that--so much more than politics. I had discovered so much about myself, about the people I loved and who loved me, about the community I was raised in, about my country and my faith. I didn't have the words or time to give voice to all the thoughts that filled my heart and mind that night as I struggled to express my gratitude.~pg. 8
Not politics, not power, but people...
I wanted to use the story to achieve two objectives. The first was to remind the members we had an obligation to use our time in public office to make a positive difference in the lives of the people we served. The second was to emphasize the importance of empowerment and upward mobility, and make that the purpose of our work.
We hung up pictures in my office of Florida's "Unsung Heroes", ordinary people throughout our state who were making positive differences in others' lives. They were a reminder to us, and to anyone who entered our office, that our obligation was to the people of Florida-not to politics, not to power, but to people.~pg. 143
Why I admire him...
After every speech, people would tell me they had been waiting to hear someone articulate a conservative message without apology or obfuscation. They told me they were tired of settling for the least bad alternative, tired of being told to vote for less conservative candidates because they were more electable. They wanted to vote for someone who wasn't embarrassed to think and talk like a conservative, and they hoped it would be me.~pg. 178
--I have never been as excited about a candidate for president as I was about Marco Rubio. Even though he didn't win the nomination this time around, I am convinced he will in the near future.
--This book confirmed everything I had already seen in him: his strong, conservative convictions and principles, his love for family, his love for this country, his strong Christian faith, and his humility and charisma that would enable him to be an amazing president.
Labels: Book review, Marco Rubio, Political Memoir
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Aurelian Explained
Aurelian should not be confused with Marcus Aurelius.
Full Name: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Regnal Name: Imperator Caesar Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus
Legend: IMP. L. DOM. AVRELIANVS P. F. AVG.
Succession: Emperor of the Roman Empire
Reign: September 270September or October 275
Predecessor: Quintillus
Successor: Tacitus
Spouse: Ulpia Severina
Mother: Freedwoman of the clan Aurelius and Priestess of Sol Invictus in her native village.
Birth Date: 9 September 214 or 215
Birth Place: Unclear location.[1] Possibly Serdica (present-day Sofia, Bulgaria) or Sirmium (present-day Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia)
Death Date: 25 September or October 275 (aged 60-61)
Death Place: Caenophrurium, Thrace (present-day Turkey)
Aurelian (Latin: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus; 9 September 214 or 215September or October 275) was Roman Emperor from 270 to 275. Born in humble circumstances, he rose through the military ranks to become emperor. During his reign, he defeated the Alamanni after a devastating war. He also defeated the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi. Aurelian restored the Empire's eastern provinces after his conquest of the Palmyrene Empire in 273. The following year he conquered the Gallic Empire in the west, reuniting the Empire in its entirety. He was also responsible for the construction of the Aurelian Walls in Rome, and the abandonment of the province of Dacia.
His successes were instrumental in ending the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century, earning him the title Restitutor Orbis or "Restorer of the World". Although Domitian was the first emperor who had demanded to be officially hailed as dominus et deus (master and god), these titles never occurred in written form on official documents until the reign of Aurelian.[2]
Aurelian was born on 9 September, most likely in 214 AD, although 215 AD is also possible. The ancient sources do not agree on his place of birth, although he was generally accepted as being a native of Illyricum but, another common belief was that he was born in Greece. According to the author of the Historia Augusta, "Aurelian was born of a humble family, at Sirmium according to most writers, but in Dacia Ripensis according to some. I remember, moreover, having read one author who declared that he was born in Moesia".[3] [4] The province of Dacia Ripensis was actually created in Moesia by Aurelian as Emperor when he abandoned the old trans-Danubian territory of Dacia. The Roman historian Eutropius also opts for the area that later became Dacia Ripensis.[5] The academic consensus is that he was of humble birth and that his father was a peasant-farmer who took his Roman nomen from his landlord, a senator of the clan Aurelius. Saunders suggests that his family might in fact have been of Roman settler origin and of much higher social status; however, his suggestion has not been taken up by his more recent academic colleagues such as Southern and Watson.
Using the evidence of the ancient sources, it was at one time suggested that Aurelian's mother was a freedwoman of a member of the clan Aurelius and that she herself was a priestess of the Sun-God in her native village. These two propositions, together with the tradition that the clan Aurelius had been entrusted with the maintenance of that deity's cult in Rome, inspired the notion that this could explain the devotion to the sun-god that Aurelian was to manifest as Emperor - see below. However, it seems that this pleasant extrapolation of dubious facts is now generally accepted as being no more than just that.
It is commonly accepted that Aurelian probably joined the army in 235 AD at around age twenty. It is also generally assumed that, as a member of the lowest rank of societyalbeit a citizenhe would have enlisted in the ranks of the legions. Saunders suggests that his career is more easily understood if it is assumed that his family was of Roman settler origins with a tradition of military service and that he enlisted as an equestrian. This would have opened up for him the tres militiathe three steps of the equestrian military careerone of the routes to higher equestrian office in the Imperial Service. This could be a more expeditious route to senior military and procuratorial offices than that pursued by ex-rankers, although not necessarily less laborious. However, Saunders's conjecture as to Aurelian's early career is not supported by any evidence other than his nomen which could indicate Italian settler ancestry—although even this is contested—and his rise to the highest ranks which is more easily understood if he did not have to start from the bottom. His suggestion has not been taken up by other academic authorities.
Whatever his origins, Aurelian certainly must have built up a very solid reputation for military competence during the tumultuous mid-decades of the century. To be sure, the exploits detailed in the Historia Augusta vita Divi Aureliani, while not always impossible, are not supported by any independent evidence and one at least is demonstrably an invention typical of that author.[6] However, he was probably associated with Gallienus's cavalry army and shone as an officer of that elite unit because, when he finally emerged in a historically reliable context in the early part of the reign of Claudius II, he seems to have been its commander.
Service under Gallienus
His successes as a cavalry commander ultimately made him a member of Emperor Gallienus' entourage. In 268, Aurelian and his cavalry participated in general Claudius' victory over the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. Later that year Gallienus traveled to Italy and fought Aureolus, his former general and now usurper for the throne. Driving Aureolus back into Mediolanum, Gallienus promptly besieged his adversary in the city. However, while the siege was ongoing the Emperor was assassinated. One source says Aurelian, who was present at the siege, participated and supported general Claudius for the purple—which is plausible.[7]
Aurelian was married to Ulpia Severina, about whom little is known. Like Aurelian she was from Dacia. They are known to have had a daughter together.[8]
Service under Claudius
Claudius was acclaimed Emperor by the soldiers outside Mediolanum. The new Emperor immediately ordered the senate to deify Gallienus. Next, he began to distance himself from those responsible for his predecessor's assassination, ordering the execution of those directly involved. Aureolus was still besieged in Mediolanum and sought reconciliation with the new emperor, but Claudius had no sympathy for a potential rival. The emperor had Aureolus killed and one source implicates Aurelian in the deed, perhaps even signing the warrant for his death himself.
During the reign of Claudius, Aurelian was promoted rapidly: he was given command of the elite Dalmatian cavalry and soon promoted to overall Magister equitum, what was effectively the head of the army after the Emperor and what had been Emperor Claudius' own position before his acclamation. The war against Aureolus and the concentration of forces in Italy allowed the Alamanni to break through the Rhaetian limes along the upper Danube. Marching through Raetia and the Alps unhindered, they entered northern Italy and began pillaging the area. In early 269, emperor Claudius and Aurelian marched north to meet the Alamanni, defeating them decisively at the Battle of Lake Benacus.
While still dealing with the defeated enemy, news came from the Balkans reporting large-scale attacks from the Heruli, Goths, Gepids, and Bastarnae. Claudius immediately dispatched Aurelian to the Balkans to contain the invasion as best he could until Claudius could arrive with his main army. The Goths were besieging Thessalonica when they heard of emperor Claudius' approach, causing them to abandon the siege and pillage north-eastern Macedonia. Aurelian intercepted the Goths with his Dalmatian cavalry and defeated them in a series of minor skirmishes, killing as many as three thousand of the enemy. Aurelian continued to harass the enemy, driving them northward into Upper Moesia where emperor Claudius had assembled his main army. The ensuing battle was indecisive: the northward advance of the Goths was halted but Roman losses were heavy.
Claudius could not afford another pitched battle, so he instead laid a successful ambush, killing thousands. However, the majority of the Goths escaped and began retreating south the way they had come. For the rest of year, Aurelian harassed the enemy with his Dalmatian cavalry.
Now stranded in Roman territory, the Goths' lack of provisions began to take its toll. Aurelian, sensing his enemies' desperation, attacked them with the full force of his cavalry, killing many and driving the remainder westward into Thrace. As winter set in, the Goths retreated into the Haemus Mountains, only to find themselves trapped and surrounded. The harsh conditions now exacerbated their shortage of food. However, the Romans underestimated the Goths and let their guard down, allowing the enemy to break through their lines and escape. Apparently emperor Claudius ignored advice, perhaps from Aurelian, and withheld the cavalry and sent in only the infantry to stop their break-out.
The determined Goths killed many of the oncoming infantry and were only prevented from slaughtering them all when Aurelian finally charged in with his Dalmatian cavalry. The Goths still managed to escape and continued their march through Thrace. The Roman army continued to follow the Goths during the spring and summer of 270. Meanwhile, a devastating plague swept through the Balkans, killing many soldiers in both armies.
Emperor Claudius fell ill on the march to the battle and returned to his regional headquarters in Sirmium, leaving Aurelian in charge of operations against the Goths. Aurelian used his cavalry to great effect, breaking the Goths into smaller groups which were easier to deal with. By late summer the Goths were defeated: any survivors were stripped of their animals and booty and were levied into the army or settled as farmers in frontier regions. Aurelian had no time to relish his victories; in late August news arrived from Sirmium that Emperor Claudius was dead.
Opposition to Quintillus
When Claudius died, his brother Quintillus seized power with support of the Senate. With an act typical of the Crisis of the Third Century, the army refused to recognize the new Emperor, preferring to support one of its own commanders: Aurelian was proclaimed emperor in September 270 by the legions in Sirmium. Aurelian defeated Quintillus' troops, and was recognized as Emperor by the Senate after Quintillus' death. The claim that Aurelian was chosen by Claudius on his death bed can be dismissed as propaganda; later, probably in 272, Aurelian put his own dies imperii the day of Claudius' death, thus implicitly considering Quintillus a usurper.[9]
With his base of power secure, he now turned his attention to Rome's greatest problems—recovering the vast territories lost over the previous two decades, and reforming the res publica.
The Roman Empire in the 270s
In 248, Emperor Philip the Arab had celebrated the millennium of the city of Rome with great and expensive ceremonies and games, and the Empire had given a tremendous proof of self-confidence. In the following years, however, the Empire had to face a huge pressure from external enemies, while, at the same time, dangerous civil wars threatened the empire from within, with usurpers weakening the strength of the state. Also, the economic substrate of the state, agriculture and commerce, suffered from the disruption caused by the instability. On top of this an epidemic swept through the Empire around 250, greatly diminishing manpower[10] both for the army and for agriculture.
The end result was that the Empire could not endure the blow of the capture of Emperor Valerian in 260 by the Sassanids. The eastern provinces found their protectors in the rulers of the city of Palmyra, in Syria, whose autonomy grew until the formation of the Palmyrene Empire, which was successful in defending against the Sassanid threat. The western provinces, those facing the limes of the Rhine, seceded to form a third, autonomous state within the territories of the Roman Empire, which is now known as the Gallic Empire.
In Rome, the Emperor was occupied with internal menaces to his power and with the defense of Italia and the Balkans.
Reunification of the empire
The first actions of the new Emperor were aimed at strengthening his own position in his territories. Late in 270, Aurelian campaigned in northern Italia against the Vandals, Juthungi, and Sarmatians, expelling them from Roman territory. To celebrate these victories, Aurelian was granted the title of Germanicus Maximus.[11] The authority of the Emperor was challenged by several usurpers—Septimius, Urbanus, Domitianus, and the rebellion of Felicissimus—who tried to exploit the sense of insecurity of the empire and the overwhelming influence of the armies in Roman politics. Aurelian, being an experienced commander, was aware of the importance of the army, and his propaganda, known through his coinage, shows he wanted the support of the legions.
Defending Italy against the Iuthungi
The burden of the northern barbarians was not yet over, however. In 271, the Alamanni moved towards Italia, entering the Po plain and sacking the villages; they passed the Po River, occupied Placentia and moved towards Fano. Aurelian, who was in Pannonia to control the Vandals' withdrawal, quickly entered Italia, but his army was defeated in an ambush near Placentia (January 271). When the news of the defeat arrived in Rome, it caused great fear for the arrival of the barbarians. But Aurelian attacked the Alamanni camping near the Metaurus River, defeating them in the Battle of Fano, and forcing them to re-cross the Po river; Aurelian finally routed them at Pavia. For this, he received the title Germanicus Maximus. However, the menace of the Germanic people and a Germanic invasion was still perceived by the Romans as likely, so Aurelian resolved to build a new system of walls around Rome that became known as the Aurelian Walls.
Defeat of the Goths and abandonment of Dacia
The emperor led his legions to the Balkans, where he defeated and routed the Goths beyond the Danube, killing the Gothic leader Cannabaudes, and assuming the title of Gothicus Maximus. However, he decided to abandon the province of Dacia, on the exposed north bank of the Danube, as too difficult and expensive to defend. He reorganized a new province of Dacia south of the Danube, inside the former Moesia, called Dacia Aureliana, with Serdica as the capital.
Conquest of the Palmyrene Empire
In 272, Aurelian turned his attention to the lost eastern provinces of the empire, the Palmyrene Empire, ruled by Queen Zenobia from the city of Palmyra.[12] Zenobia had carved out her own empire, encompassing Syria, Palestine, Egypt and large parts of Asia Minor. The Syrian queen cut off Rome's shipments of grain, and in a matter of weeks, the Romans started running low on bread. In the beginning, Aurelian had been recognized as Emperor, while Vaballathus, the son of Zenobia, held the title of rex and imperator ("king" and "supreme military commander"), but Aurelian decided to invade the eastern provinces as soon as he felt his army to be strong enough.
Asia Minor was recovered easily; every city but Byzantium and Tyana surrendered to him with little resistance. The fall of Tyana lent itself to a legend: Aurelian to that point had destroyed every city that resisted him, but he spared Tyana after having a vision of the great 1st-century philosopher Apollonius of Tyana, whom he respected greatly, in a dream.
Apollonius implored him, stating, "Aurelian, if you desire to rule, abstain from the blood of the innocent! Aurelian, if you will conquer, be merciful!" Whatever the reason, Aurelian spared Tyana. It paid off; many more cities submitted to him upon seeing that the Emperor would not exact revenge upon them. Within six months, his armies stood at the gates of Palmyra, which surrendered when Zenobia tried to flee to the Sassanid Empire. The Palmyrene Empire was no more.
Eventually Zenobia and her son were captured and made to walk on the streets of Rome in his triumph, the woman in golden chains. With the grain stores once again shipped to Rome, Aurelian's soldiers handed out free bread to the citizens of the city, and the Emperor was hailed a hero by his subjects. After a brief clash with the Persians and another in Egypt against the usurper Firmus, Aurelian was obliged to return to Palmyra in 273 when that city rebelled once more. This time, Aurelian allowed his soldiers to sack the city, and Palmyra never recovered. More honors came his way; he was now known as Parthicus Maximus and Restitutor Orientis ("Restorer of the East").
The rich province of Egypt was also recovered by Aurelian. The Brucheion (Royal Quarter) in Alexandria was burned to the ground. This section of the city once contained the Library of Alexandria, although the extent of the surviving Library in Aurelian's time is uncertain.
Conquest of the Gallic Empire
In 274, the victorious emperor turned his attention to the west, and the Gallic Empire which had already been reduced in size by Claudius II. Aurelian won this campaign largely through diplomacy; the "Gallic Emperor" Tetricus was willing to abandon his throne and allow Gaul and Britain to return to the Empire, but could not openly submit to Aurelian. Instead, the two seem to have conspired so that when the armies met at Châlons-en-Champagne that autumn, Tetricus simply deserted to the Roman camp and Aurelian easily defeated the Gallic army facing him. Tetricus was rewarded for his part in the conspiracy with a high-ranking position in Italy itself.Aurelian returned to Rome and won his last honorific from the Senate – Restitutor Orbis ("Restorer of the World"). This title was first assumed by Aurelian in late summer of 272, and had been carried previously by both Valerian and Gallienus. In four years, Aurelian had secured the frontiers of the Empire and reunified it, effectively giving the Empire a new lease on life that lasted 200 years.
Aurelian was a reformer, and settled many important functions of the imperial apparatus, dealing with the economy and religion. He restored many public buildings, re-organized the management of the food reserves, set fixed prices for the most important goods, and prosecuted misconduct by the public officers.[13]
Religious reform
Aurelian strengthened the position of the Sun god Sol Invictus as the main divinity of the Roman pantheon. His intention was to give to all the peoples of the Empire, civilian or soldiers, easterners or westerners, a single god they could believe in without betraying their own gods. The center of the cult was a new temple, built in 274 and dedicated on December 25[14] of that year in the Campus Agrippae in Rome, with great decorations financed by the spoils of the Palmyrene Empire.
During his short rule, Aurelian seemed to follow the principle of "one faith, one empire", which would not be made official until the Edict of Thessalonica. He appears with the title deus et dominus natus ("God and born ruler") on some of his coins, a style also later adopted by Diocletian. Lactantius argued that Aurelian would have outlawed all the other gods if he had had enough time. He was recorded by Christian historians as having organized persecutions.[15]
Felicissimus' rebellion and coinage reform
Aurelian's reign records the only uprising of mint workers. The rationalis Felicissimus, a senior public financial official whose responsibilities included supervision of the mint at Rome, revolted against Aurelian. The revolt seems to have been caused by the fact that the mint workers, and Felicissimus first, were accustomed to stealing the silver for the coins and producing coins of inferior quality. Aurelian wanted to eliminate this, and put Felicissimus on trial. The rationalis incited the mintworkers to revolt: the rebellion spread in the streets, even if it seems that Felicissimus was killed immediately, presumably executed.
The Palmyrene rebellion in Egypt had probably reduced the grain supply to Rome, thus disaffecting the population to the emperor. This rebellion also had the support of some senators, probably those who had supported the election of Quintillus, and thus had something to fear from Aurelian.
Aurelian ordered the urban cohorts, reinforced by some regular troops of the imperial army, to attack the rebelling mob: the resulting battle, fought on the Caelian hill, marked the end of the revolt, even if at a high price (some sources give the figure, probably exaggerated, of 7,000 casualties).[13] Many of the rebels were executed; also some of the supporting senators were put to death. The mint of Rome was closed temporarily, and the institution of several other mints caused the main mint of the empire to lose its hegemony.
His monetary reformation included the introduction of antoniniani containing 5% silver. They bore the mark XXI (or its Greek numerals form KA), which meant that twenty of such coins would contain the same silver quantity of an old silver denarius. Considering that this was an improvement over the previous situation gives an idea of the severity of the economic situation Aurelian faced. The Emperor struggled to introduce the new "good" coin by recalling all the old "bad" coins prior to their introduction.
A very large number of rare gold coins of Aurelian have been discovered as part of the Lava Treasure in Corsica, France, in the 1980s.[16]
In 275, Aurelian marched towards Asia Minor, preparing another campaign against the Sassanids: the deaths of Kings Shapur I (272) and Hormizd I (273) in quick succession, and the rise to power of a weakened ruler (Bahram I), presented the opportunity to attack the Sassanid Empire.
On his way, the Emperor suppressed a revolt in Gaul—possibly against Faustinus, an officer or usurper of Tetricus—and defeated barbarian marauders in Vindelicia (Germany).
However, Aurelian never reached Persia, as he was murdered while waiting in Thrace to cross into Asia Minor. As an administrator, Aurelian had been very strict and handed out severe punishments to corrupt officials or soldiers. A secretary of Aurelian (called Eros by Zosimus) had told a lie on a minor issue. In fear of what the Emperor might do, he forged a document listing the names of high officials marked by the emperor for execution and showed it to collaborators. The notarius Mucapor and other high-ranking officers of the Praetorian Guard, fearing punishment from the Emperor, murdered him in September 275, in Caenophrurium, Thrace (modern Turkey).
Aurelian's enemies in the Senate briefly succeeded in passing damnatio memoriae on the Emperor, but this was reversed before the end of the year and Aurelian, like his predecessor Claudius II, was deified as Divus Aurelianus.
There is substantial evidence that Aurelian's wife Ulpia Severina, who had been declared Augusta in 274, may have ruled the Empire by her own power for some time after his death.[8] The sources indicate that there was an interregnum between Aurelian's death and the election of Marcus Claudius Tacitus as his successor. Additionally, some of Ulpia's coins appear to have been minted after Aurelian's death.[8]
Aurelian's short reign reunited a fragmented Empire while saving Rome from barbarian invasions that had reached Italy itself. His death prevented a full restoration of political stability and a lasting dynasty that could end the cycle of assassination of emperors and civil war that marked this period. Even so, he brought the Empire through a very critical period in its history and, without Aurelian, it might never have survived the invasions and fragmentation of the decade in which he reigned. Moreover, the Western half of the Empire would survive another two hundred years, while the East would last another millennium, and for that Aurelian must be allowed much of the credit.
The city of Orléans in France is named after Aurelian. Originally named Cenabum, Aurelian rebuilt and renamed it Aurelianum or Aureliana Civitas ("city of Aurelian", cité d'Aurélien), which evolved into Orléans.
Aurelius Victor Epitome de Caesaribus, xxxv "Epitome de Caesaribus" (4th century)
Eutropius, Breviarium historiae Romanae, IX. 13–15 (4th century)
Historia Augusta Aurelianus Life of Aurelian Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
Zosimus, Historia Nova Translation of the Historia Nova (published in 1814), book 1, (5th–6th century)
Joannes Zonaras, Compendium of History Compendium excerpt: Claudius to Diocletian 268–284 (12th century)
Körner, Christian . 2001-07-20 . Aurelian . De Imperatoribus Romanis . 2006-11-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061020202036/http://www.roman-emperors.org/aurelian.htm. 20 October 2006 . live. (Korner:2001)
Book: Saunders, Randall Titus. A biography of the Emperor Aurelian (AD 270-275). 1992. UMI Dissertation Services. Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Book: Southern, Pat . The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine . 2001 . Routledge . 0-415-23944-3 . 125. (Southern:2001);
Book: Watson, Alaric . Aurelian and the Third Century . 1999 . Routledge . 0-415-07248-4.
Book: White, John . The Roman Emperor Aurelian : Restorer of the World . Casemate Publishers and Book Distributors, LLC . 2015 . 978-1-4738-4569-5 .
Aurelian coinage, at Wildwinds.com
On coins of Aurelian with the title dominus et deus (Section 1.9)
Book: Aurelian and the Third Century. 9781134908158. Watson. Alaric. 2004-01-14.
Book: Halsberghe, G.H. . The Cult of Sol Invictus . Brill . Etudes préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'Empire romain . 1972 . harv . 2018-04-13 . 152.
[Historia Augusta]
Milošević(2010:pp 106-7)
https://books.google.it/books?id=2p9hCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA201&dq=Aurelian+Eutropius+Dacia+Ripensis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZ88zMoY_jAhVEYlAKHclxDNUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Aurelian%20Eutropius%20Dacia%20Ripensis&f=false Eutropius, Breviarum, 9.13.1
For instance, vita Divi Aureliani paras 5.5–6, 6.3–5, and 7.1–2. If he ever was a tribune of a legion as suggested in 7.1–2 it could not have been with Legio VII Gallicana as that unit never existed.
[Aurelius Victor]
Web site: Aurelian (A.D. 270–275). Körner. Christian. 23 December 2008 . De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families. 6 January 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20101202042214/http://www.roman-emperors.org/aurelian.htm. 2 December 2010 . live.
Korner.
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/11/solving-the-mystery-of-an-ancient-roman-plague/543528/
Zosimus, 1,48f.; Eutropius; Dexippus, FGrH IIA 460 F7; Historia Augusta – Aurelianus xxi,1–3 and xviii,2.
The war against the Palmyrene Empire is described in Zosimus, 1,50,1–1,61,1, and Historia Augusta, Aurelianus, 22–31.
Aurelian. 2. 923–924.
Book: Clauss, Manfred. Die römischen Kaiser : 55 historische Portraits von Caesar bis Iustinian. Beck. 2001. 978-3-406-47288-6. München. 250. de.
For example, in the Annales Cambriae, B & C Texts.
Sylvianne Estiot, The Lava Treasure of Roman Gold. Also in Trésors monétaires, volume XXIV, BNF, 2011
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Aurelian".
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HoleintheClouds
Bird's Eye Views
Hard Copies
Posted by Ellen
Back in March 1866, Greymouth was a rough little gold rush town on New Zealand's wild west coast, crowded with young men scheming to get rich quick, many of them immigrants from Ireland. While most of the town celebrated St. Patrick's Day that year, a man named Synder Browne huddled in a tent near the muddy outskirts of town, setting type by hand for the first edition of Greymouth's second newspaper, the Evening Star.
Greymouth's first paper, already a year old by then, was the Grey River Argus, which would become a Socialist tabloid. For the next century, the left-wing Argus and the right-wing Star would duke it out in the local marketplace of public opinion; their editors, it was said, took opposing positions on absolutely every public issue. Only once a year, on Christmas Eve, would the two editors get together for a holiday drink and some collegial conversation. Every other day of the year they spat and fussed in the competition for readers and for influence over Greymouth's affairs.
The town survived the gold rush, thanks to another mineral that had actually been discovered earlier but was initially ignored because it didn't glitter like you-know-what: coal. There was plenty of coal in the hillsides around Greymouth, though all the customers for coal, and all the ports suitable for coal shipping, were hundreds or thousands of kilometers away on the other side of the Southern Alps. Greymouth was a seaside town but without a decent harbor; it sat rough and damp in the nearly uninhabited rainforest along the west coast of New Zealand's South Island. To make a go of coal mining thereabouts, somebody was going to have to build a railroad over the mountains.
The Argus and the Star had different ideas about Greymouth's economic development. They argued for different people to pay for, and benefit from, the railroad project. When coal mining became established, the two papers argued even more fiercely over mine safety and environmental issues. The mines there have been productive but quite dangerous, with high concentrations of coalbed methane. Many miners have died over the years in mine fires and explosions, and several mine projects have been abandoned after methane levels proved uncontrollable. The Argus and the Star told different stories about the tragedies.
Most mines are closed now, and the town survives on forestry work and tourism; it is a portal to the glacier and fjord country further south. The population has leveled off at about 5,000, and there's only one newspaper left, the Greymouth Star. The Argus folded in the 1960s.
Today, the Star is owned by a publishing conglomerate based in Dunedin. And even though print media is in big trouble all over the world, the Star is hanging on, with subscribers all along the west coast and a workforce of more than 60 fulltime employees.
The Star is available online as well as on paper. In the latest edition, you can read about Charles Edward Miller Pearce, a New Zealand–born mathematician who taught at Adelaide University in Australia. He came home for a visit, rented a car at the Hokitika airport, just south of Greymouth, then drove south on the coastal highway until he apparently lost consciousness. His car landed upside down in shallow water, with only his head submerged.
"If he had been conscious, all he would have had to do was turn his head towards the middle of the car," a witness told the coroner, according to the Star's report, "and his face would have been out of the water."
"I observed that he had a peaceful expression on his face," noted a second witness. "My guess was that he fell asleep at the wheel and never woke up."
(Image credit: Little Fuji),
Greymouth,
printing press,
Recent Good Mornings
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Imagery on this site is available for re-use under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial license. Please credit and/or link to Hole in the Clouds.
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Dashboard of Nutritional Status of Children in India
Geo-visualising Diet, Anthropometric and Clinical Indicators for Children in India
Using the disaggregated data from the fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS 2015-16), researchers from Geographic Insights Lab at the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies and the Institute of Economic Growth present a dashboard and atlas for 31 nutritional indicators that include diet, anthropometry, clinical and service utilization measures of child nutrition for the districts of India. The geo-visualisations are presented with a motivation to help various stakeholders prioritise indicators and districts for interventions.
Notwithstanding the value of utilising the summary data for select indicators made available by the fifth NFHS (2019-20) for 17 states and 5 union territories, it is important to note that a truly all-India picture covering all districts of India will not be available at least until the later part of 2021. Even as we await the availability of disaggregated data for a full range of indicators, there remains much to be investigated and learned from a more detailed examination of the fourth round of the NFHS.
© Authors: Akhil Kumar, Weixing Zhang, S V Subramanian. Dashboard on Geo-visualising Diet, Anthropometric and Clinical Indicators for Children in India. December 2020, Cambridge MA, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies. For further details and related publications, see https://geographicinsights.iq.harvard.edu/IndiaNutritionDistrict
NOTE: The legend and rank show the Prevalence-Headcount Metric (PHM) which was calculated by adding the normalized values of prevalence and headcount together. Blank areas with unavailable data.
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Honored Guests
History of the Forum
IFTE Committees
Among the participants, there are editors and editorial board members of the following journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science.
Nick Rushby has been a journal editor for 37 years, firstly for Programmed Learning and Educational Technology, then for Interactive Learning International and, for the past 22 years, for the British Journal of Educational Technology – a post which he held until December 2015.
Deputy Editor of the Journal «Education and Self Development (E&SD)» (Kazan, Russia), which has been accepted for inclusion in Scopus and is applying for inclusion in Web of Science. https://en.eandsdjournal.org/
«Education and Self Development (E&SD)» is a peer-reviewed journal established in June 2006, published by Kazan Federal University and founded by Valentin Andreev, member of the Russian Academy of Education, DSc, Professor at KFU. The Journal publishes contribution in both Russian and English.
Andreja Istenic Starcic
Professor of University of Primorska (Koper, Slovenia) and University of Ljubljana (Ljubljana, Slovenia)
Member of International Advisory Board of the journal «British Journal of Educational technology (BJET)» (UK). https://www.bera.ac.uk/publication/british-journal-of-education-technology
BJET is a primary source for academics and professionals in the fields of digital educational and training technology throughout the world. The Journal is published by Wiley on behalf of The British Educational Research Association (BERA). https://www.bera.ac.uk/
Member of the Editorial Board of the journal «The Turkish Online Journal of Education Technology (TOJET)» (Turkey). http://www.tojet.net/
«The Turkish Online Journal of Education Technology (TOJET)» is an open access online international electronic journal. The content of TOJET relates to educational technology. The journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Member of the Editorial Board of the journal «International journal: emerging technologies in learning (iJET)» (Vienna, Austria). https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jet/index
«International journal: emerging technologies in learning (iJET)» is an interdisciplinary journal, which focuses on the exchange of relevant trends and research results as well as the presentation of practical experiences gained while developing and testing elements of technology enhanced learning. It aims to bridge the gap between pure academic research journals and more practical publications. It covers the full range from research, application development to experience reports and product descriptions.
Lyubomir Penev
Managing Director and Founder of «Pensoft Publishers» (Sofia, Bulgaria), Professor of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Sofia, Bulgaria)
«Pensoft Publishers» is a leading publisher of innovative open access journals. https://pensoft.net/ Among them is ARPHA Proceedings. https://ap.pensoft.net/
ARPHA Proceedings is a novel, open access, human- and machine-readable platform designed to assist conference organisers in authoring, submission, peer review, editorial management, publication and dissemination of conference proceedings in any field of science.
Dina Birman
Professor of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami (Miami, USA)
Fellow of the International Academy for Intercultural Research (IAIR) (Ohio, USA). https://www.intercultural-academy.net/
Academy for Intercultural Research (IAIR) is a professional interdisciplinary organization dedicated to the understanding and improvement of intercultural relations through world-class social science research.
Editor of the IAIR’s «International Journal of Intercultural Relations (IJIR)». https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/international-journal-of-intercultural-relations
«International Journal of Intercultural Relations (IJIR)» is dedicated to advancing knowledge and understanding of theory, research and practice in the field of intercultural relations. The journal publishes quantitative and qualitative empirical research and reviews of research literature.
Member of the Editorial Board of the «American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP)» (USA). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15732770
«American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP)» publishes research, theory, and descriptions of innovative interventions on a wide range of topics in community psychology. It is the official publication of the Society for Community Research and Action: The Division of Community Psychology of the American Psychological Association.
Cheryl Craig
Professor of Texas A&M University (Texas, USA)
President of International Study Association on Teachers and Teaching (ISATT). https://www.isatt.net/
International Study Association on Teachers and Teaching (ISATT) aims to enhance the quality of teaching at all levels of education and to act as a forum to promote, present, discuss and disseminate research findings which contribute to knowledge and the formation of theory in this field.
Executive Editor of the journal «Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice». https://www.isatt.net/
«Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice» is the ISATT journal, which provides an international focal point for the publication of research on teachers and teaching, in particular on teacher thinking. It includes theoretical reflections on the connections between theory and practice in teachers’ work and other research of professional interest. Indexed in Scopus and Web of Science.
Maria Flores
Professor of Institute of Education, University of Minho (Braga, Portugal)
President of the Board of Estreiadiálogos (The Collaborative Action Research Network for the Portuguese speaking countries (CARN)) (Braga, Portugal). https://www.estreiadialogos.com/
Editor of the journal «The European Journal of Teacher Education (EJTE)» (Brussels, Belgium). https://atee.education/knowledge-center/ejte/
«The European Journal of Teacher Education (EJTE) is the official journal of the Association for Teacher Education in Europe (ATEE). Its audience includes all those who have a professional concern with or interest in the education of teachers for all age groups. Indexed in Scopus.
Juan Jose Mena Marcos
Associate professor of University of Salamanca (Salamanca, Spain)
Treasurer and National Spain Representative of the International Study Association on Teachers and Teaching (ISATT). https://www.isatt.net/
Associate Editor of the journal «Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice».
Member of the Editorial Board of the journal «The European Journal of Teacher Education (EJTE)» (Brussels, Belgium). https://atee.education/knowledge-center/ejte/
Member of the Editorial Board of the journal «Studying Teacher Education». https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cste20/current
«Studying Teacher Education» invites submissions from authors who have a strong interest in improving the quality of teaching generally and of teacher education in particular. The central purpose of the journal is to disseminate high-quality research and dialogue in self-study of teacher education practices. Indexed in Scopus and Web of Science.
John Schulz
Principal Teaching Fellow of University of Southampton (Southampton, UK)
Director and founder of the SEds Video & Digital Media Studio.
https://www.southampton.ac.uk/education/about/staff/jbs.page
SEds Video & Digital Media Studio was established in 2010 to allow explore the use of digital video technology in education settings. Today it is a well-equipped studio, complete with lighting, 4K cameras and professional video editing facilities, producing learning resources.
Iva Kostadinova
PR-Officer of «Pensoft Publishers» (Sofia, Bulgaria). https://pensoft.net/
«Pensoft Publishers» is an independent academic publishing company, well known worldwide. Founded in 1992 “by scientists, for the scientists” and initially focusing on book publishing.
Pam Vitu
Manager of «bePress» (Berkeley, California, USA). https://www.bepress.com/
«bePress» is the organization, which provides web-based solutions for the academic and scholarly community.
Pippa Smart
An independent research communication and publishing consultant, working under the business name «PSP Consulting» (Oxford, UK). https://www.pspconsulting.org/home/about-pippa-smart/
«PSP Consulting» provides services to the scholarly publishing community around the world.
Roza A. Valeeva
Doctor of Education and Head of the Pedagogy Department at the Institute of Psychology and Education in Kazan Federal University.
Editor-in-Chief of the Journal «Education and Self Development (E&SD)» (Kazan, Russia), which has been accepted for inclusion in Scopus and is applying for inclusion in Web of Science. https://en.eandsdjournal.org/
Alfiya R. Masalimova
Doctor of Education, Professor of the Institute of Psychology and Education of Kazan Federal University. She is Head of the Department of Higher School Pedagogy at the Institute of Psychology and Education and Head of the Center for Publication Activity at the Institute.
Member of Editorial Council of the Journal «Education and Self Development (E&SD)» (Kazan, Russia), which has been accepted for inclusion in Scopus and is applying for inclusion in Web of Science. https://en.eandsdjournal.org/
Сo-editor of the journal Eurasian Journal of Pedagogical Research (Ankara, Turkey), indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. www.ejer.com.tr/?git=5
Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER) is a peer-reviewed, international and interdisciplinary journal publishing original research articles and significant contributions to education and educational sciences.
Member of Editorial Board of the journal Slavonic Pedagogical Studies Journal (Nitra, Slovakia). www.pegasjournal.eu/editorial-board.html
Slavonic Pedagogical Studies Journal is the scientific educational double-blind peer-reviewed journal covering science in education, educational research, pedagogy, methodology field.
Olga Kirillova
Editor-in-Chief of the journal Science Editor and Publisher, Editorial Board member of the journal European Science Editing, member of the Editorial Council of the Korean journal — Science Editing, President of the Association of Science Editors and Publishers (Moscow, Russia).
Submit your abstract to take part in IFTE 2021
The IFTE 2021 Program Chair and Planning Committee welcomes you to the 7th International Forum on Teacher Education. The IFTE 2021 general theme is Teacher Education: New Challenges and Goals with three sub-themes “Teachers for Children with Special Educational Needs”, “Education Trajectories in the Time of Extremes”, “Training Teachers as Moral Agents in the 21st Century”. Proceedings of the Forum are published in the Web of Science indexed scientific journal.
The IFTE 2021 online submission system opened on December 1, 2020 and will close on March 1, 2021. The link to the submission portal https://event.kpfu.ru/rus/event/6531/. Please check the conference website and attached information letters for more information or contact us at ipe-dfa@yandex.ru for queries.
information letters
Vice President of Kyrgyz Academy of Education took part in IFTE
Brest State Technical University took part in IFTE
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Web keywen.com
Composition Article History Tree Map
Encyclopedia of Keywords > Society > Culture > Arts > Music > Composition Michael Charnine
Keywords and Sections
COMPOSITION LESSONS
VARYING COMPOSITION
EACUTE
COMPOSITION STUDIES
Review of Short Phrases and Links
This Review contains major "Composition"- related terms, short phrases and links grouped together in the form of Encyclopedia article.
The composition was realized in Radio Belgrade's Electronic Studio. Vladan Radovanovic was born in Belgrade in 1932.
The composition is used as an example of basic proponents of music theory, such as harmonies and chord composition.
Composition is a rewarding division of the music major. (Web site)
Composition is a type of Fallacy of Ambiguity.
Composition is the art of arranging in a decorative manner the various elements at the painter's disposal for the expression of his feelings.
Mineralogy and petrology investigate the composition and origin of minerals and rocks, respectively.
There he studied piano and music theory, including composition, harmony, and counterpoint, for three years, and he began to compose music. (Web site)
Mineralogy: The study of minerals - their composition, structure, formation, uses, properties, occurrence and geographic distribution. (Web site)
What is important in understanding the composition of a piece is singling out its elements. (Web site)
We connect you with of art composition analytical information including of art composition search and user behavior.
In a minimalist style, the composition brings a new view of music through lessons which focus on musical stories and instrumental families of the orchestra.
Learn songwriting and composition in the New Age style with these online lessons for beginning adults.
Composition will include narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative essays. (Web site)
We have left unsaid what the concept of sound-based composition is. (Web site)
Algo-Comp is a listserv dedicated to algorithmic composition.
A painting which purpose is to achieve composition of enclosure. (Web site)
He is in the jury of international competitions of composition. (Web site)
In addition to essays and seminars, it is possible for students to include performance or composition elements relevant to each module's overall topics.
Master of Arts Master of Music with majors in music literature, composition, performance, and conducting.
Everywhere in the world, musicology is everything musical except performance and composition. (Web site)
In music, a nonet is a composition which requires nine musicians for a performance.
Continuing his exploration of composition and performance with "virtual" piano, Seattle-based composer Steve Layton (b. (Web site)
Master of Music in Composition Prerequisite-applicants must hold a bachelor of music degree with a major in composition or theory.
The application of mathematical models to composition determinates a more abstract music. (Web site)
Halevy was a Professor of music at the Paris Conservatoire where he taught harmony and accompaniment, counterpoint and fugue, and composition. (Web site)
QJ studied music composition and theory with Nadia Boulanger and Olivier Messiaen in Paris.
A detailed study of the many aspects of electronic music composition. (Web site)
Theory-Composition majors are generally reviewed for continuance at the end of the third semester in the program. (Web site)
Percussion Instruments is a survey course designed for music education and music composition majors.
It provides the composer traditional composition tools and enables to explore advanced fractal mathematics while composing music.
MMus in Musical Composition. This is a one-year (two years part-time) programme designed primarily, though not exclusively, for active composers seeking a.
Degrees Offered: M.A.; Ph.D. in ethnomusicology. Masters students may elect a concentration in composition. (Web site)
Also available, through the Music Department, is a Ph.D. in Composition with an Ethnomusicology cognate.
Services include composition, editing, orchestration, arranging and publishing.
These subjects included piano, composition,harmony and counterpoint, orchestration, organ and score-reading. (Web site)
Studied composition and percussion at the Academy of Music in Wurzburg.
Dett went to Oberlin [College, in Ohio] and there he studied piano, and composition.
By studying the radio waves originating from these sources, astronomers can learn about their composition, structure, and motion. (Web site)
Careful study of these spectral lines permits astronomers to determine the chemical composition of nebulae. (Web site)
Its shape, age and chemical composition will allow astronomers to better understand the violent ways in which stars end their lives.
As new planets are discovered, astronomers will investigate the temperature and chemical composition of each. (Web site)
Planetary Science, study of the forces and influences that determine the composition, structure, and evolution of planets and planetary systems.
The two planets are similar in size, mass and composition, and both reside in the inner part of the Solar System. (Web site)
Gneiss can be classified on the basis of minerals that are present, process of formation, chemical composition, or probable parent material.
A utility patent may be granted for any useful, new and non-obvious process, machine, manufactured article, or chemical composition.
The absorbing composition employed in the process of the present invention is a composition consisting essentially of zinc, titanium and a promoter. (Web site)
In order to be patentable, an invention must be a process, machine, and article of manufacture or composition of matter.
A utility patent protects a new, useful, nonobvious and adequately discussed machine, manufacture, composition of matter, process, or improvement thereof. (Web site)
A utility patent may be granted for the invention or discovery of any new and useful process, machine, manufactured article, or chemical composition. (Web site)
Stratovolcanoes are composed of volcanic rock types that vary from basalt to rhyolite, but their composition is generally andesite.
If we partially melt a peridotite (3-8%) the magma we generate has the composition of a basalt. (Web site)
Basalt, on the other hand, is mafic in composition -- meaning it is rich in pyroxene and, in some cases, olivine, both of which are Mg-Fe rich minerals.
The behaviour of magmas, and hence the type of volcanic edifice that they form, is dependent upon their composition and the volume of lava erupted.
Composite cones, as the name suggests, are composed of alternating layers of lava (usually andesitic or rhyolitic in composition) and pyroclastic debris.
Lava flows are basaltic to basanitic in composition, and the Holocene flows are alkali olivine basalts. (Web site)
The lander probe carried instruments to study the characteristics and composition of the atmosphere of Venus. (Web site)
These large plants changed the atmosphere and altered the composition of the soil by increasing the amount of organic carbon.
Composition of the Air.--The air of the atmosphere is principally made up of a mixture of two invisible gases called oxygen and nitrogen. (Web site)
In classical music, a septet is either a composition for performance by seven musicians, or a group of seven musicians who perform such a work.
Work on the quartet interrupted the composition of the Double Concerto, to which it is closely related in technique. (Web site)
Messiaen chose Pierre Henry for his assistant, and picked out a dozen or so sounds to work with for his composition. (Web site)
The composition of this poem was interrupted by Ovid's exile,[b] and it is thought that Ovid abandoned work on the piece in Tomis. (Web site)
The method entails building a piece using a series of the 12 notes of the scale, permuting it and superimposing it on itself to create the composition.
This differs greatly from the approach of Americans such as John Cage, who used elements of chance in the composition as well as the performance of a piece.
The exact composition and length of the insulator partly determines the heat range of the plug.
The composition of andesite is classified as " intermediate " among igneous rocks, implying that its silica content is in the range of 52-63 percent.
They range from intermediate to felsic in composition, and include diorites, monzonites, granodiorites, granites, and tonalites.
At the age of 14 he entered the Curtis Institute, where he studied voice, piano, and composition. (Web site)
At the age of 11 he entered the Paris Conservatoire, studying organ and improvisation with Marcel Dupré and composition with Paul Dukas.
At the age of seventeen Peter moved to London to study piano, conducting and composition as the youngest ever post-graduate at the Royal College of Music.
He took piano lessons with Alfred Cortot, composition lessons with Arthur Honegger and musical analysis with Olivier Messiaen. (Web site)
With Schoenberg he studied counterpoint, music theory, and harmony.[ 1] By 1906, he was studying music full-time; by 1907, he began composition lessons. (Web site)
He was born in Vienna in February 1885, and began composition lessons with Schoenberg in 1904.
Shortly thereafter he moved with his family to Vienna, where he began his studies in piano with Carl Czerny and in composition with Antonio Salieri. (Web site)
He went to Vienna at once and studied the piano with Czerny, besides taking lessons in composition from Salieri and Randhartinger. (Web site)
He was born in 1811 at Raiding in Hungary and moved as a child to Vienna, where he took piano lessons from Czerny and composition lessons from Salieri.
His first teaching job was at a college in Virginia, before he became professor of piano and composition at the University of Colorado in 1958. (Web site)
In 1927 he began his studies at the Leipzig Conservatory (organ, composition) and at University, (philosophy, music history, and German studies).
Parallel interests in new and pre-romantic music led him to take a degree in composition at University and to study the lute and harpsichord.
In 1909 he moved to Berlin to study composition at the Music Academy with Max Bruch who subsequently retired. (Web site)
But her mother sent her to Berlin to study composition and she studied with Urban, who had been the teacher of Paderewski. (Web site)
In 1930 Reizenstein went to the State Academy of Music in Berlin, where he studied composition with Hindemith, piano with Leonid Kreutzer. (Web site)
Consider, for instance, the differences in population, size, income, ethnic composition, and political status among the various islands. (Web site)
Differences in the species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in spore, root and soil communities in a grassland ecosystem. (Web site)
The vibrational spectra of minerals are different, in line with differences in crystal structure and composition. (Web site)
Composition of minuet and trio, set of variations, or other homophonic piece is the final project.
Thème et variations (Theme and Variations) is a composition by Olivier Messiaen for solo violin and piano, and lasts around ten minutes. (Web site)
For a meteorologist, the composition of the atmosphere determines the climate and its variations. (Web site)
Geologists examine the composition, processes and history of the Earth to learn how rocks were formed and what has happened since formation.
Life forms on Earth have modified the composition of the atmosphere since their evolution. (Web site)
A magma source rising from deep within the Earth has a different chemical composition than magma that forms just below Earth's crust. (Web site)
Composition of morphisms corresponds to multiplication of elements of the monoid.
Chemical composition of magma is controlled by the abundance of elements in the Earth.
The isotopic composition of elements is different on different planets, making it possible to determine the origin of meteorites.
The objects are the automorphisms of x, with multiplication given by composition, and the morphisms are the invertible 2-morphisms between these.
The abstraction mechanisms include support for identification of objects, classification, and composition.
In such cases the inverse image operation is often compatible with composition of these maps between objects, or in more technical terms is a functor.
A category with a single object is equivalent to a monoid whose elements are morphisms and whose operation is composition. (Web site)
The composition of two morphisms is again a morphism, and we obtain the category of vector bundles. (Web site)
Just as the essence of a monoid is multiplication, the essence of a category is composition.
Kimberlites contain, in addition to diamond xenocrysts, fragments of lherzolites of varying composition. (Web site)
Because lapis is a rock of varying composition, its physical properties are variable. (Web site)
There are also some mixed members, such as rhodolite garnet, which is a mixture of pyrope and almandite by composition.
Limonite is an ore consisting of a mixture of hydrated Iron Oxide-Hydroxide of varying composition of minerals such as Goethite, Lepidocrocite, or Jarosite.
Curry powder is a mixture of spice s of widely varying composition based on South Asian cuisine.
Philip Sheppard trained in Cello and Composition at the Royal Academy of Music, during which time he specialised in contemporary music.
At the same time, it expressed a "moment" form of composition, without any emphasis on progression. (Web site)
Performing jazz means a musician must create a work of art on the spot, composition in real time.
He studied violin with Martin Pierre Marsick, harmony with André Gédalge, and composition with Jules Massenet and Gabriel Fauré.
Koechlin studied composition with Massenet and Fauré. (Web site)
Halévy studied with the Italian composer Luigi Cherubini at the Paris Conservatoire, where he later became professor of harmony and of composition.
Ferrari was born in Paris and studied the piano under Alfred Cortot, musical analysis under Olivier Messiaen and composition under Arthur Honegger. (Web site)
He then studied composition under Fromental Halévy at the Conservatoire de Paris. (Web site)
Finally ready to pursue a musical career in piano and composition, Franz Liszt went to Paris at the age of 16.
Geochemistry is the study of the chemistry of the Earth, dealing with its composition and chemical change. (Web site)
You will also note that the chemistry of the rock changes, becoming more intermediate in composition, and ultimately becoming mafic.
In chemistry, mole fraction x is a way of expressing the composition of a mixture. (Web site)
From 1907 he worked in Leipzig, where he was music director of the university until 1908 and professor of composition at the conservatory until his death. (Web site)
Messiaen taught at the Paris Conservatory for many years, being appointed professor of harmony there in 1941, and professor of composition in 1966.
Sullivan became organist at St. Michael's, London, in 1861 and professor of composition at the Royal Academy of Music in 1866. (Web site)
Each amino acid consists of an amino functional group, and a carboxyl acid group, and differs from other amino acids by the composition of an R group. (Web site)
The method was used to infer the amino acid composition of a large protein set in the Last Universal Ancestor (LUA) of all extant species.
Practically all proteins we consume contain some amount of glutamine, usually in the order of 4% to 8% of their total amino acid composition.
The automorphisms of leaving the elements of fixed form a group with respect to composition, called the Galois group of the extension.
The group was so named by Haüy in allusion to the protean variety, in composition and appearance, assumed by its minerals. (Web site)
This group can be given the structure of a complex manifold in such a way that composition and inversion are holomorphic maps. (Web site)
During puberty, major differences of size, shape, composition, and function develop in many body structures and systems.
Because of its size and distance from Earth, astronomers had no idea of its composition or other characteristics at the time. (Web site)
They are small in size and similar to Earth in composition.
Most coins cost less to make than their face value; when it becomes too expensive to make a certain coin, size, weight and composition are often changed.
Methyl iodide may suitably be present in the liquid reaction composition in an amount in the range from 2 to 20%, preferably from 4 to 16% by weight. (Web site)
Preferably, the concentration of methyl in the liquid reaction composition is in the range 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight. (Web site)
Following on from her doctoral studies with Larry Sitsky, Judith continued her composition studies with Emmanuel Nunes in Paris during 2005. (Web site)
He took up composition studies with Martin Wegelius and violin with Mitrofan Wasiliev, then Hermann Csillag.
He had early piano and composition studies, numbering among his teachers Friedrich Wieck and Louis Plaidy, and consulted with Liszt. (Web site)
In 1889 he went to Berlin to continue his composition studies with Becker, then after a year to Vienna under Goldmark and Fuchs. (Web site)
Her composition studies there with Alan Bush and Eric Fenby were later supplemented by lessons from Hans Keller.
Society > Culture > Arts > Music
Arts > Music > Musical Instruments > Piano
Nature > Matter > Materials > Rocks
Encyclopedia of Keywords > Nature > Natural Resources > Minerals
Arts > Music > Composition /
* Addition * Change * Changes * Chemical Composition * Composer * Composition Similar * Composition Teacher * Composition Written * Different Composition * Embodiment * Form * Fugue * Function * Functions * Function Composition * Granite * Hawker * Hawker Centre * Igneous Rocks * Intermediate * Intermediate Composition * Invention * Liquid * Magma * Matter * Method * Mineral * Minerals * Musical Composition * Music Composition * Orchestra * Origin * Pharmaceutical Composition * Piano * Present Invention * Properties * Rock * Rocks * Set * Similar * Similar Composition * Structure * Study * Studying * Studying Composition * Teacher * Teachers * Technique * Temperature * Terms * Theory * Toothpaste Composition * Uniform Polyhedron Compound
Books about "Composition" in Amazon.com
Short phrases about "Composition"
Originally created: June 16, 2006.
Links checked: March 09, 2013.
Please click on to move good phrases up.
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Suns, Nuggets to play outdoor NBA game
InsideHoops.com | Feb. 19, 2008
The NBA’s first outdoor game of the modern era will take place when the Phoenix Suns host the Denver Nuggets in a preseason game on Saturday, October 11 at the Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, CA. The 16,000-seat stadium is an NBA-style arena with no roof located in a spectacular desert setting. The venue annually plays host to one of the world’s major tennis tournaments, the Pacific Life Open.
“The Suns and the Nuggets are truly excited to bring NBA basketball to Indian Wells in what promises to be the most picturesque setting for an NBA game in league history – outdoors in one of the most beautiful locations imaginable,” said Suns’ President and Chief Operating Officer Rick Welts. “It will be unique, fun and memorable for fans and the teams alike.”
The game will be televised nationally, exclusively on TNT.
“When something special happens in the NBA, fans know that TNT will be there to cover the event like no other network,” said David Levy, President of Turner Sports. “We are looking forward to providing a national television audience with a front row seat to this unique and historic game."
While the event will be historic, it will not be the first time an NBA game has been played outdoors. Over 35 years ago, the Phoenix Suns, played the only other NBA game to be played outdoors in Puerto Rico against the Milwaukee Bucks. Led by Connie Hawkins, Dick Van Arsdale and Neal Walk, the Suns defeated Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Oscar Robertson and the Bucks, 116-103, in a preseason game on September 24, 1972 at a baseball stadium in San Juan.
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Fair technology
Authors: Juan Hourcade
Posted: Fri, April 27, 2018 - 11:10:30
The means of destruction have developed pari passu with the technology of production, while creative imagination has not kept pace with either. The creative imagination I am talking of works on two levels. The first is the level of social engineering, the second is the level of vision. In my view both have lagged behind technology, especially in the highly advanced Western countries, and both constitute dangers.
The future cannot be predicted, but futures can be invented. It was man's ability to invent which has made human society what it is.
—Dennis Gabor, Inventing the Future, 1963
In his book Inventing the Future, Denis Gabor captured his impression of the impact of technology mostly based on his experience living in the 20th century. Technological changes were as radically productive as destructive, but generally lacked direction from the perspective of constructing more fair and just societies, or having a vision other than that related to the insatiable longing for wealth, status, or power of a few.
Fast forward to 2018 and we are facing a similar situation with information and communication technologies (ICTs). We have had unprecedented production, with large amounts of information quickly available to most people in high-income countries, and increasingly throughout the world. ICT companies have focused primarily on growth, with little attention paid to the destructive uses of their technology, which now appear to have at least caught up with productive uses. Just as in Gabor’s 1963, the problem is still the lack of a serious vision for the use of technology for a more just and fair world, a vision that translates into action on the part of the major players, and that has at least equal standing with the goals of growth and profit.
Back in 2011, together with Natasha Bullock-Rest, I presented a vision for technologies to reduce armed conflict around the world through a more just and fair world with the following goals: reducing social distance between enemies, exposing war and celebrating peace, de-incentivizing private motivation for conflict, preventing failures of the social contract, promoting democracy and education, and aiding operational prevention of conflicts. It is difficult to think of any major ICT company that has taken any of the goals above seriously, at the same level at which they pay attention to growth and profit.
Perhaps the most disappointing development is the negative effect ICTs have had on democracy, arguably providing the greatest challenge to democratic institutions in decades. These challenges have come in at least two related forms: increasing political radicalization, and diminished trust in facts and expertise. A third challenge is the massive accumulation of personal data that could be used in very damaging ways by authoritarian governments.
James Madison, in Federalist Paper #10, warned of the dangers of factions on the well-being of countries and democracies, saying “A zeal for different opinions concerning religion, concerning government, and many other points, as well of speculation as of practice; an attachment to different leaders ambitiously contending for pre-eminence and power; or to persons of other descriptions whose fortunes have been interesting to the human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into parties, inflamed them with mutual animosity, and rendered them much more disposed to vex and oppress each other than to co-operate for their common good.” Yet, ICTs have every incentive to provide us with information and views that conform to our own inclinations, failing to provide counterpoints to undemocratic ideas, thus helping polarize society, and making responsible venues that provide balanced views less popular. In addition, increased automation is making it less necessary to interact with people who may be from a different walk of life and could provide an alternative point of view.
Factionalization has come hand-in-hand with diminished trust in facts and expertise. This is another threat to democracy as it leads to ignorance. As Thomas Jefferson stated in an 1816 letter to Charles Yancey,“If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, in a state of civilisation, it expects what never was and never will be.” It is difficult to have a truly democratic society if groups of people have widely different understandings of reality.
The challenge of the massive collection of personal data becomes weaponized once democratic protections are lifted. The rich data that companies like Facebook and Google have on billions of people, in combination with widespread cameras and face-recognition technology, would have been beyond the wildest imagination of most secret police bosses in 20th-century authoritarian regimes. The ability to go after political enemies would be unprecedented.
I am thankful that within the HCI community we have researchers exposing the dangers I outlined above and presenting visions of the future that include Gabor’s creative imagination. However, our generation of ideas and projects that may impact political topics such as supporting democracy or preventing armed conflict have arguably not had an eager audience at the top levels of large ICT companies.
The challenge is significant and the stakes are high. I think it’s time to discuss creative ideas and I am happy to propose one so we can begin the discussion. My sense is that our challenge is in some ways similar to that of the food industry, where unhealthy food, environmentally unsustainable practices, and worker exploitation are beginning to be addressed, in part, through organic and fair trade certifications. These have been far from perfect solutions and are mostly available to people who are well-off, but we don’t even have an equivalent in the ICT world for uses that involve large amounts of data (e.g., social media). The closest we have is free, libre, and open source software and services provided by groups such as the Mozilla Foundation and the Open Source Initiative. Having widely recognizable certification for ICTs could provide a way forward, but the certification should be concerned not only with cost or source code, but with the ethical track record of an organization/product. What would it likely involve? Periodic assessments of societal outcomes, with a focus on user empowerment, individual and community well-being, and basic democratic principles.
What do you think? What solution do you propose?
Posted in: on Fri, April 27, 2018 - 11:10:30
Juan Hourcade
Juan Pablo Hourcade is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Iowa, focusing on human-computer interaction.
View All Juan Hourcade's Posts
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http://interactions.acm.org/blog/view/fair-technology
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Lusofonias
Portuguese School, Edinburgh
Timetable and Fees
Aline Siekierski
Aline Siekierski is originally from São Paulo, Brazil. She has lived in Scotland for about eight years and has a degree in journalism. While in S. Paulo she used to do voluntary work in disadvantaged neighbourhoods where she taught English and Art to pre-school-age children. She is currently studying Business Management and is the pre-school teacher at Lusofonias-OP.
Portuguese, from Castanheira de Pera, Sandra has been living in Bridge of Allan since 2015. She has a degree in Portuguese and English (Faculdade de Letras, University of Lisbon) and a Masters in Portuguese as a Foreign Language from Universidade Aberta, where she also worked on a PhD in Portuguese Studies. Sandra was a teacher of Portuguese and English in various schools in Portugal and also worked as an editor at Santillana; subsequently, she taught Portuguese as a Foreign Language in Tampere.
Ana Maria Sousa Costa Saraiva
Ana was born in Angola and has lived in Edinburgh since 2016. She has a degree in Modern Languages and Literatures (Portuguese Studies), from Nova University (Lisbon). She taught Portuguese and Latin in various Portuguese schools, was coordinator for vocational courses, and acted as teacher-librarian, amongst other roles. In 2017 (April) she gained the General Teaching Council for Scotland provisional registration.
Adriana Dance
A Brazilian, native of São Paulo, Adriana has a degree in Portuguese/English Language and Literature followed by years of language teaching experience. She loves the Portuguese language as well as the vast and rich culture, history and literature of all the Portuguese-speaking countries. She has lived in Scotland since 2016 and is the mother of two bilingual, school-age children.
Mural de trabalhos
Professora Adriana Dance A1.1
Professora Ana Saraiva B1
Professora Aline Siekierski (pré-escolar): 11:15 – 11:30; 15 mins offline para realização de trabalhos; 11:45 – 12:05/12:10
Professora Sandra Ferreira A1
01/09/2021 @ 12:15 pm - 12:45 pm
Professora Ana Saraiva C1
01/09/2021 @ 12:40 pm - 1:10 pm
• • • • • • • •
View Lusofonias-Oficinas-de-Português-696799023744307’s profile on Facebook
Leith Academy, 20 Academy Park, Edinburgh EH6 8JQ | 11am - 1pm on Saturdays
Email: lusofonias-op@outlook.com
Christmas through the eyes of our students
Students Showcase
Lusofonias – Oficinas de Português, registered Scottish Charity (SC046096)
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Story by Mercia Hobson
At its first work session of 2021, the Town Council of the Town of Herndon approved a resolution in a vote of 6-0 to elect second term Councilmember Cesar del Aguila the Vice Mayor for a two-year term beginning Jan. 1, 2021. Del Aguila abstained. Tradition held that the person who received the highest number of votes during the general election is named vice mayor.
During discussion of the motion to approve the resolution, Councilmember Pradip Dhakal said he wanted to call out del Aguila ”for his openness, integrity and always ready to discuss the different views or ideas in order to move the Town forward.”
Del Aguila thanked the voters of the Town. “I shall endeavor to persevere,” he said.
Mayor Sheila Olem congratulated Vice Mayor del Aguila, adding, “I look forward to working with you over the next two years and let’s touch base this week.”
Del Aguila chaired the town’s Pedestrian & Bicycle Committee and its Interview Subcommittee, He served as the town’s representative to the Dulles Area Transportation Association and the Phase II Dulles Rail Transportation Improvement District Commission Board. A resident of Herndon since 2007, Vice Mayor del Aguila is an active volunteer with the Fairfax County Sheriff’s Office, serving as a certified reserve deputy sheriff.
The day after the work session, Vice Mayor del Aguila shared his immediate and long term goals. “Working on immediate: best transparency practices and town process, and organizational reform. Long term: housing and five-year budget reform.”
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HomeNews / DocumentsUNSC ResolutionsUNSC Resolutions 2016Resolution 2263 (2016) - Cyprus
Resolution 2263 (2016) - Cyprus
Resolution 2263 (2016) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7613th meeting, on 28 January 2016
The Security Council,
Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 6 January 2016 (S/2016/11) on the United Nations operation in Cyprus,
Noting that the Government of Cyprus is agreed that in view of the prevailing conditions on the island it is necessary to keep the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) beyond 31 January 2016,
Noting the intention of the Secretary-General to report on his Good Offices in the next reporting period, echoing the Secretary-General’s firm belief that the responsibility for finding a solution lies first and foremost with the Cypriots themselves, and reaffirming the primary role of the United Nations in assisting the parties to bring the Cyprus conflict and division of the island to a comprehensive and durable settlement,
Welcoming the good progress of negotiations, the positive momentum and the commitment expressed by the leaders to work tirelessly to reach a comprehensive settlement as soon as possible, in a results-oriented manner as agreed to in the Joint Declaration adopted by the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot leaders on
11 February 2014, and the support provided by the Secretary-General’s Special Adviser on Cyprus Espen Barth Eide,
Recalling the importance attached by the international community to all parties engaging fully, flexibly and constructively in the negotiations and, noting that the negotiations have not yet resulted in an enduring, comprehensive and just settlement based on a bicommunal, bizonal federation with political equality, as set out in the relevant Security Council resolutions, encouraging the sides to intensify the substantive negotiations on the unresolved core issues interdependently, and stressing that the status quo is unsustainable,
Noting the need to advance the consideration of and discussions on military confidence-building measures, calling for renewed efforts to implement all remaining confidence-building measures, and for agreement on and implementation of further steps to build trust between the communities,
Reaffirming the importance of continued crossings of the Green Line by Cypriots, and encouraging the opening by mutual agreement of other crossing points,
Convinced of the many important benefits, including economic benefits for all Cypriots that would flow from a comprehensive and durable Cyprus settlement, urging the two sides and their leaders to foster positive public rhetoric, and encouraging them clearly to explain the benefits of the settlement, as well as the need for increased flexibility and compromise in order to secure it, to both communities well in advance of any referenda,
Highlighting the importance, both political and financial, of the supporting role of the international community, and in particular that of all parties concerned in taking practical steps towards helping the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot leaders to exploit fully the current opportunity,
Taking note of the assessment of the Secretary-General that the security situation on the island and along the Green Line remains stable, and urging all sides to avoid any action, including violations of the military status quo, which could lead to an increase in tension, undermine the progress achieved so far, or damage the goodwill on the island,
Recalling the Secretary-General’s firm belief that the situation in the buffer zone would be improved if both sides accepted the 1989 aide-memoire used by the United Nations,
Noting with regret that the sides are withholding access to the remaining minefields in the buffer zone, and that demining in Cyprus must continue, noting the continued danger posed by mines in Cyprus, noting also proposals and discussions as well as positive initiatives on demining, and urging rapid agreement on facilitating the recommencement of demining operations and clearance of the remaining minefields,
Commending the work of the Committee on Missing Persons, highlighting the importance of intensifying its activities, and therefore the need to provide all information required, noting that nearly half of all missing persons have yet to be located and around 69% have yet to be identified, welcoming moves to allow the Committee access to 30 additional suspected burial sites in military areas in north Cyprus, urging the opening up of access to all areas expeditiously to allow the Committee to carry out its work, and trusting that this process will promote reconciliation between the communities,
Agreeing that active participation of civil society groups, including women’s groups, is essential to the political process and can contribute to making any future settlement sustainable, recalling that women play a critically important role in peace processes, welcoming all efforts to promote bicommunal contacts and events including, inter alia, on the part of all United Nations bodies on the island, and urging the two sides to promote the active engagement of civil society and the encouragement of cooperation between economic and commercial bodies and to remove all obstacles to such contacts,
Stressing the need for the Council to pursue a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments,
Welcoming the intention of the Secretary-General to keep all peacekeeping operations under close review to ensure efficiency and effectiveness, including a review of UNFICYP when appropriate, and noting the importance of transition planning in relation to the settlement, including recommendations as appropriate for further adjustments to UNFICYP’s mandate, force levels and other resources and concept of operations, taking into account developments on the ground and the views of the parties,
Noting with appreciation the efforts of Lisa Buttenheim as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Force Commander Major General Kristin Lund, and the Secretary-General’s appointment of Special Adviser Espen Barth Eide,
Echoing the Secretary-General’s gratitude to the Government of Cyprus and the Government of Greece for their voluntary contributions to the funding of UNFICYP, and his request for further voluntary contributions from other countries and organizations, and expressing appreciation to Member States that contribute personnel to UNFICYP,
Welcoming and encouraging efforts by the United Nations to sensitize peacekeeping personnel in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other communicable diseases in all its peacekeeping operations,
1. Welcomes the progress of the leaders-led negotiations so far and the ongoing efforts of the leaders and their negotiators to reach a comprehensive and durable settlement, and encourages the sides to grasp the current opportunity with determination to secure a comprehensive settlement;
2. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General (S/2016/11) and (S/2016/15);
3. Recalls Security Council resolution 2026 (2011), and calls upon the two leaders to:
(a) Put their efforts behind further work on reaching convergences on the core issues;
(b) Continue to work with the Technical Committees with the objective of improving the daily lives of the Cypriots;
(c) Improve the public atmosphere for the negotiations, including by focusing public messages on convergences and the way ahead, and delivering more constructive and harmonised messages; and
(d) Increase the participation of civil society in the process as appropriate;
4. Urges the implementation of confidence-building measures, and looks forward to agreement on and implementation of further such mutually-acceptable steps, including military confidence-building measures and the opening of crossing points already agreed upon and others, that can contribute to a conducive environment for a settlement;
5. Welcomes all efforts to accommodate the Committee on Missing Persons exhumation requirements as well as the joint appeal for information issued by the two leaders on 28 May 2015, and calls upon all parties to provide more expeditious, full access to all areas, given the need to intensify the Committee’s work;
6. Reaffirms all its relevant resolutions on Cyprus, in particular resolution 1251 (1999) of 29 June 1999 and subsequent resolutions;
7. Expresses its full support for UNFICYP and decides to extend its mandate for a further period ending 31 July 2016; and to increase force levels to 888;
8. Calls on both sides to continue to engage, as a matter of urgency and while respecting UNFICYP’s mandate, in consultations with UNFICYP on the demarcation of the buffer zone, and on the United Nations 1989 aide-memoire, with a view to reaching early agreement on outstanding issues;
9. Calls on the Turkish Cypriot side and Turkish forces to restore in Strovilia the military status quo which existed there prior to 30 June 2000;
10. Calls on both sides to allow access to deminers and to facilitate the removal of the remaining mines in Cyprus within the buffer zone, and urges both sides to extend demining operations outside the buffer zone;
11. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report on implementation of this resolution, including on contingency planning in relation to the settlement, by
8 July 2016 and to keep the Security Council updated on events as necessary;
12. Welcomes the efforts being undertaken by UNFICYP to implement the Secretary-General’s zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and to ensure full compliance of its personnel with the United Nations code of conduct, requests the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary action in this regard and to keep the Security Council informed, and urges troop-contributing countries to take appropriate preventive action including the conduct of pre-deployment awareness training, and to take disciplinary action and other action to ensure full accountability in cases of such conduct involving their personnel;
13. Decides to remain seized of the matter.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia
Wisma Putra
No. 1, Jalan Wisma Putra, Precinct 2
Disclaimer: The Government of Malaysia shall not be liable for any loss or damage caused by the usage of any information obtained from this portal.
Copyright © 2015 MALAYSIA : United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 2015-2016
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Rebalancing the UK Justice System
Justice Secretary Kenneth Clarke announced budget cuts asserting that his department will not spend on criminals but only for victims and the law-abiding public – a remark that smacks of punitive populism. Moreover, he proposes tougher prison reforms where inmates will have to work hard to earn their keep and to pay their victims and where prison should be confined to serious and violent offenders. The rest are to be imposed tougher community sentences to minimize government expenses. This bifurcated approach towards crime and sentencing are not, however, dissimilar to the Home Office Report published the Blair administration in 2006, where the proposed reforms were said to be geared to rebalance the scales of justice towards the victims and the public and away from the offenders. The only exception was that whilst the Labour government was ready to spend billions to ensure the success of their proposed reforms, the present dispensation would rather save its money. Moreover, the present proposals are not new. These were the same approaches of the Conservatives in 1987, approaches that had to be watered down because of their unfavorable outcome and later totally dropped because of public pressure. More importantly, the proposals are sweeping and do not take into account the theory of social exclusion, which considers factors that influence re-offending. The proposal to cut the budget especially for prisoners entails halting programmes, which studies have identified as important in reducing reoffending.
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North Carolina Speculative Fiction Foundation
The Manly Wade Wellman Award for Science Fiction and Fantasy
The 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award for North Carolina Science Fiction and Fantasy
Eligibility List for the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Longlist for the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Shortlist for the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Winner of the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Preliminary Eligibility List for the 2014 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Prospective Eligibility List for the 2014 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Final Eligibility List for the 2014 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Nominations for the 2014 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Nominees for the 2014 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Finalists for the 2019 Manly Wade Wellman Award
The Manly Wade Wellman Award
Announcing the shortlist for the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Monday, June 29, 2020, Durham, NC: The North Carolina Speculative Fiction Foundation is proud to announce the shortlist of 6 titles for the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award for North Carolina Science Fiction and Fantasy. These titles are the result of a juried selection from the 18-title longlist, itself the result of a juried selection from the 83-title eligibility list, presented in alphabetical order by author last name:
Where Oblivion Lives by T. Frohock (Harper Voyager)
The Women’s War by Jenna Glass (Del Rey)
The Twisted Ones by T. Kingfisher (Saga Press)
Breaking Gods by D. J. Molles
To the Bones by Valerie Nieman (West Virginia University Press)
A Fall in Autumn by Michael G. Williams (Falstaff Books)
The winner(s) will be announced at ConGregate on Friday, July 17, 2020. However, as ConGregate will not be held in person this year, location and manner of the announcement is subject to change at this time.
The Manly Wade Wellman Award was founded in 2013 to recognize outstanding achievement in science fiction and fantasy novels written by North Carolina authors. The 2020 award covers novels published in 2019.
The award is named for long-time North Carolina author Manly Wade Wellman with the permission of his estate.
Bookshop.org list: https://bookshop.org/lists/wellman-award-finalists-2020
Previous PostAnnouncing the longlist for the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman AwardNext PostAnnouncing the winner of the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
To promote the writing and reading of speculative fiction in North Carolina and to recognize outstanding achievements in North Carolina science fiction and fantasy.
Announcing the winner of the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Announcing the longlist for the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Announcing the preliminary eligibility list for the 2020 Manly Wade Wellman Award
KC Freeman on About
January Newsletter: Robin Kirk, Holly Black, illogiCon with Annalee Newitz, and more | Bull Spec on Announcing the winner of the 2018 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Announcing the winner of the 2018 Manly Wade Wellman Award | North Carolina Speculative Fiction Foundation on The Manly Wade Wellman Award for Science Fiction and Fantasy
Announcing the winner of the 2018 Manly Wade Wellman Award | North Carolina Speculative Fiction Foundation on Announcing the nominees for the 2018 Manly Wade Wellman Award
Announcing the nominees for the 2018 Manly Wade Wellman Award | North Carolina Speculative Fiction Foundation on The Manly Wade Wellman Award for Science Fiction and Fantasy
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Section 508: What can we infer from a lack of complaints?
Question: "How's 508 working out for your customers?"
Response: "We haven't had any complaints, so I think we're doing really well."
A lack of complaints is often cited in Section 508 circles as an indicator that we are all doing a great job for our customers. But are we? Research on consumer complaints suggests that people in general don't complain. They either go elsewhere, or just stop using that type of product or service.
Think about your latest bad restaurant experience. Did you complain to the management or just not go back? If you were to complain to the manager about your food, would you expect to receive a prompt, courteous response with a sincere attempt to resolve the problem? You bet! Section 508 departments put plans and procedures in place to quickly respond to complaints as they arise. Indeed I've heard this as a point of pride on two fronts: (1) "When we get a complaint, we jump on it and fix it right away!" and (2) "We get very few complaints, so that obviously means we're providing a good service!"
The truth is we generally don't complain at restaurants because we'd rather not make a scene. In practice we just choose not to go back. But think about technology for a moment from the perspective of a person with a sensory or physical disability. Those of us working in the disability field know that there is much left to do. A significant amount of the technology in everyday life (both in and outside of government) is still inaccessible. People with disabilities could spend their whole lives complaining, because it isn't just the odd inconvenience of lukewarm soup; it's the continual inconvenience of inaccessible web sites, security systems, telephone systems, photocopiers and so forth.
Add to this the consideration that people with disabilities are the most marginalized cohort in society when it comes to employment, and then consider whether you would complain because your work system has accessibility problems? There isn't the choice of another restaurant in this situation, so would you hold your complaints and instead find a way to work around the problem? Would you try to rely on kind co-workers to tell you what's on the screen because the form fields aren't labeled properly? Would you work later than your co-workers because what they do a hundred times a day with one mouse click takes you ten keyboard strokes each time? Most likely. Of course, there is a minority of people with disabilities who complain, but even the most prolific would tell you that they can only complain so much. No one likes a complainer, right?
A lack of complaints cannot be viewed as an endorsement of our products and services, but unfortunately we reside within a (largely) complaints-based legislative framework. So in the absence of complaints, how do we find out how we are really doing? My first suggestion is to get out there and proactively find out how things are working for customers. Use questions to try to draw out how well (or how badly) systems are working for users, and compare the results to the same questions given to co-workers who do not have disabilities. A word of caution: do this in such a way that participants remain anonymous, otherwise the response will likely be, "Sure, everything's fine—do I get to keep my job?"
Once we know how we’re doing, then we can start to address any problems we find. While there's always a place for good complaint procedures, there's usually a big gaping hole when it comes to long-term proactive measures to ensure customers are actually getting equitable access.
Further reading: "A complaint is a gift: recovering customer loyalty when things go wrong" (2nd edition, Barlow & Møller, 2008).
Assistive Technology and Accessibility (31)
Community Living (28)
International Development (4)
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GRAND CHIEF Alvin Fiddler ACCEPTS CANADIAN SCREEN AWARD ON BEHALF OF SECRET PATH PROJECT
#LSN_News #LSN_Arts
TORONTO, ONTARIO - March 12, 2018 (LSN) "I am honoured to accept the Donald Brittan Award for Secret Path here at Canadian Screen Awards18 with Patrick Downie, Justin Stephenson & Harriet Visitor ( niece of Chanie Wenjack)" Grand Chief Alvin Fiddler
Nishnawbe Aski Nation (NAN) Grand Chief Alvin Fiddler accepted the ‘Donald Brittain Award for Best Social/Political Documentary Program’ for Gord Downie’s Secret Path on behalf of producers Mike Downie and Stuart Coxe during the Canadian Screen Awards gala this evening.
“I am honoured to accept this award on behalf of the producers who’s vision and creativity helped my dear friend Gord shine much-needed light on this dark chapter of our shared history. Secret Path is a milestone on the path to reconciliation, and I thank the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television for recognizing the significance of this project,” said Grand Chief Alvin Fiddler who accepted the award with Patrick Downie, Harriet Visitor and Justin Stephenson. “Gord’s artistry was matched by his determination to tell the story of Charlie Wenjack and all the youth who never made it home. Gord and Chanie’s lives are forever entwined, and we must honour their legacies by completing the journey they so bravely began.”
The Secret Path multi-media project was launched by Gord Downie in 2016 around the 50th anniversary of the death of 12-year-old Chanie “Charlie” Wenjack, who died on October 22, 1966 after fleeing Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School in northwestern Ontario.
Secret Path includes an album, graphic novel and animated film depicting Chanie’s short life. Proceeds will be donated to the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation at the University of Manitoba. The Wenjack family also helped launch the Gord Downie and Chanie Wenjack Fund supporting reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Peoples.
The Secret Path album also won for ‘Best Original Music, Non-Fiction’ earlier this week.
NAN’s education institute was renamed ‘Oshki-Pimache-O-Win: The Wenjack Education Institute’ this winter to honour Chanie Wenjack and all those who were lost during the Indian Residential School era.
Nishnawbe Aski Nation
Nishnawbe Aski Nation (NAN) is a political territorial organization representing 49 First Nation communities in James Bay Treaty No. 9 and Ontario portions of Treaty No. 5 – an area covering two thirds of the province of Ontario in Canada.
#LSN_News Tweets
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Use file > print in the menu bar to print this page.
The Empire needs Men! (...) Enlist Now, 1914-18
1914-1918, 20th century
M24608.34
Keys to History:
When the British government's ultimatum to Berlin expired at midnight Greenwich Mean Time, on August 4, 1914, the worldwide British Empire was automatically at war with Germany. However, self-governing Dominions could decide whether to help. Only South Africa even hesitated - long enough to be left out of Arthur Wardle's famous cartoon. A Dominion like the others, South Africa was torn by civil war as a faction remembered the 1899-1902 war and rallied to the nearby German colony of South-West Africa. They were crushed, and South Africa fought in Africa and sent troops to France. Including India along with the so-called "white Dominions" as a "young lion" was potentially more controversial. India had a large, British-trained professional army that was more significant in the British war effort than all the self-governing Dominions combined in the war's opening years. However, Dominion support was emotionally significant in Britain .
"Canadien" was the common self-description of French-speaking people in Canada. Certainly, many Canadians identified themselves with their Dominion, but in 1914 most English-speaking Canadians would have described themselves as "British" and understood that this British-designed and British-printed poster applied to them.
The symbolic British lion and four of its cubs defy Germany in a 1914 patriotic cartoon
that becomes a recruiting poster by 1915.
Posters were displayed on hoardings and on the sides of buildings as part of an untidy urban environment.
The absence of South Africa dates the cartoon from 1914, but it was published and used for recruiting in Britain in 1915 and included in stocks of posters sent to Canada.
The Empire provided Britain with a large reserve of manpower which it had tried to organize and train before the war. India, which was not a Dominion but was governed from Britain, had a large, professional army that fought in France during the first winter of the war, suffering terribly from the cold. Later, Indian troops fought for the British against Turkey.
© Musée McCord Museum
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A Historic House through the Years: El Alisal
December 14, 2019 December 4, 2015 by Eleanor Boba
Renaissance man Charles Fletcher Lummis (1859 – 1928) designed and built his Highland Park home over a period of some 13 years beginning in 1897, doing much of the labor himself. The name he gave his homestead was El Alisal, place of the alders — or sycamores — or California sycamores. The actual meaning is a bit lost in translation, but the important thing is it was a Spanish name and Lummis loved the Spanish influence in California. He also loved Native American culture and dedicated a portion of his very active life to preserving both.
Much has been written about Lummis the man. We’ll confine ourselves to describing him as a collector, writer, preservationist, founder of the Southwest Museum, advocate for Native American rights, and booster for all things Old California.
One of Lummis’ day jobs was Los Angeles City Librarian. Despite lack of any formal training, Lummis was appointed to the position in 1905 based on his reputation as a “noted scholar and practical leader” (Blitz). In five years Lummis worked to build the library’s collection of rare books and manuscripts, particularly, of course, those reflecting the city’s Spanish heritage. He also found himself embroiled in a boatload of office politics which led to his resignation in 1910. He left behind him the well-established and respected Department of Western History Material.
In addition to collecting books, terra cotta pots and Indian blankets, Lummis collected friends….local and national luminaries from the worlds of art, letters, music, and politics. And he held court at El Alisal.
Security Pacific National Bank, Image #00062061
A Man’s Home
The Los Angeles Public Library’s digital photographic collection contains a number of images of El Alisal over a century of life. Most of the photos are from the Security Pacific Bank Collection and the Los Angeles Herald Examiner Collection. The image above, dated February 5, 1905, taken while the house was still under construction, shows the castle-like embellishments Lummis craved: towers, crenellations, slit windows.
Lummis’ taste for romantic and vernacular architecture is apparent. His design for El Alisal was part medieval castle, part California rancho, part Native American pueblo. Much of his building materials were locally-sourced, including river rock taken from the nearby Arroyo Seco and discarded railroad telegraph poles used as ceiling support beams. The nomination form that successfully placed El Alisal on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 described it as “a rambling 2-story random rubble stone, masonry and concrete structure,” and noted that the building did not “meet present day requirements of the Los Angeles City Building Code.”
Security Pacific Bank Collection, Image #00062064
The dining room at El Alisal, 1910, displays an eclectic assortment of china and artwork, as well as a pair of muskets mounted on the wall. Many of the pictures and objects displayed in the house were created for Lummis by his coterie of artist friends. Others Lummis collected on his travels throughout the Southwest.
Security Pacific National Bank Collection, Image #00062066
This 1905 photograph shows the backyard courtyard of the home, including a large sycamore and the central lily pond traditional to California rancho style. The kitchen wing is on the right.
Security Pacific National Bank Collection, Image # 00062058
An undated photo of the front room at El Alisal, plentifully adorned with photos, artwork, mission style furniture, and Indian rugs. A portrait of Lummis by Gerald Cassidy, now at the Autry National Center, hangs on the far wall. Lummis was very much a part of the Arts and Crafts movement in California which championed rusticity, natural materials, and folk art.
Los Angeles Herald Examiner Collection, Image # 00047541
This 1949 photograph is an excellent study of the fenestration at El Alisal. Lummis enjoyed designing windows; some windows were placed at child’s-eye level. The same year the Southern California Historical Society took up the idea of turning the derelict building into a museum. Although things did not pan out that way at first, in 1965 the society finally was able to acquire use of the house as their headquarters, in an arrangement with the city that lasted 50 years. SCHS offered docent-led tours of the home’s exterior and a few interior rooms. Safety concerns and the need to use some rooms for offices made a full tour impossible.
Herald-Examiner Collection, Image #00050164
In the 1980s the exterior of the Lummis Home took on a different look as the group Friends of the Lummis Home and Garden took on responsibility for landscaping and maintaining the surrounding acreage. Lummis’ rough two plus acres were transformed into a demonstration garden of drought tolerant plants. The image above shows an editor’s crop marks indicating that the photo was destined for publication, probably in the Herald-Examiner.
An undated interior shot of the ground floor tower niche shows Lummis’ own glass photographs used as small window panes. The photographs in this set of windows are now gone; however, others exist in the main room of the house and make fascinating viewing (below).
The King in his Castle
Lummis in his “Lion’s Den”: the framed photo of him with Teddy Roosevelt taken during the president’s visit to Los Angeles in 1912. This image was probably captured toward the end of Lummis life; he died in 1928 at the age of 69. His home survives in the care of the Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks and is open for public tours. There have been changes since the City of Los Angeles took over direct management of this cultural treasure and the Historical Society of Southern California moved out early in 2015. To check it out, see https://www.laparks.org/historic/lummis-home-and-gardens .
Select sources
Daniel Frederick Blitz, Charles Fletcher Lummis: Los Angeles City Librarian, Thesis, UCLA Library and Information Science, 2013.
“Happy Birthday to Charles F. Lummis, founder of the Southwest Museum,” The Autry Blog, http://blog.theautry.org/2012/03/happy-birthday-to-charles-f-lummis-founder-of-the-southwest-museum/.
Bob Pool, “Historic Lummis House faces an uncertain future, Los Angeles Times online, November 11, 2014, http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-lummis-house-20141111-story.html.
Hadley Meares, “Lummis House: Where Highland Park’s Herald of the Southwest Reigned over his Kingdom,” KCET.org, November 17, 2015, http://www.kcet.org/socal/departures/columns/lost-landmarks/lummis-house-where-highland-parks-herald-of-the-southwest-reigned-over-his-kingdom.html.
Jane Apostol, El Alisal:Where History Lingers, Historical Society of Southern California, 1994.
Special thanks to the welcoming and friendly Saturday docents who gave us a wonderful tour January 23, 2016!
Categories Local History Tags charles fletcher lummis, el alisal, highland park, library, lummis
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