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__label__wiki | 0.730697 | 0.730697 | BALUBA SHAKE - Brunetta : Connoisseurs of 1960s she-pop have been very well served by Ace Records, particularly those with a predilection for American and British artists. But good music, of course, is not exclusive to the English-speaking world, as those familiar with our collections devoted to the female vocalists of Italy will be aware (not to mention similar projects focusing on Japan, France, Sweden, Hungary and Spain). In a country renowned for it's song festivals, most notably the prestigious event held annually in Sanremo, highly orchestrated ballads have always been especially popular in Italy. For this celebratory single, however, we present exemplary uptempo decks by Brunetta and Rita Pavone. Brunetta was one of the first Italian singers to record rock'n'roll. IL GEGHEGE - Rita Pavone : A tiny girl with a huge voice, freckle-faced firebrand Rita Pavone debuted in late 1962 after she won the Festival Degli Sconosciuti, a talent contest. She went on to storm the Italian charts six times, all before the end of 1963. 'Cuore', her great version of Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil's beat ballad 'Heart (I Hear You Beating)', was also successfully recorded by her in French and English. By the end of 1967 she had released many hit singles and had starred in six lightweight films. Among her hits were several aimed at the children's market, so buyers beware. Less juvenile, fortunately, was the high-energy 'Il Geghegè', the theme song from one of her TV specials. Surviving footage of her belting out the breathless number on TV is an op-art sight to behold.
Label: ACE RECORDS UK
Baluba Shake / Il Geghege (Uk)
Artist: Brunetta / Rita Pavone
1. Baluba Shake - Brunetta
2. Il Geghege - Rita Pavone | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line511 |
__label__cc | 0.685258 | 0.314742 | Tags: technology, technology-has-made-the-earth-a-better-place
7 Ways How Technology has Made the Earth a Better Place
hellen jones October 1, 2019
The environment is the very reason behind our existence but soon may usher in our doom if not taken care of. What was once a beautiful place with the lush forests, meadows, and rivulets is now just an expense of grayscale – with the dust of degradation all around. Yes, technology and environment are not two issues that you may think go hand in hand. However, high-tech devices have a way more pivotal role to play in resurrecting nature than you may think.
Owing to evolution’s gift of intelligence, we have been inspired by nature to make technological advancements. While some may have increased the carbon footprint on our home planet, some innovations have the power to change nature for better.
The Technology for Good Impact Report: What is it about?
Ericsson has been one of the few tech moguls to bring sustainability before the technology to tackle the global challenges that plague our mother nature today. Back in 2016, they started a pro-environment project called the “17 Sustainable Development Goals”. On September 20, the brand launched the Technology for Good Impact Report while addressing the UN General Assembly. The Good Impact Report was introduced as a project to keep a check on the impact of technology across the globe.
On this event, the brand talked about their 5G-automated electric vehicles that have a key role to play in reducing transport emissions. They spoke of using IoT in revitalizing forests, and several other innovative ideas.
This program made people all over the world think how technology can undo the damage that once upon a time technology and other human practices inflicted upon the environment.
So let us see how technology is providing substantial solutions for our environmental woes.
7 Ways Technology Is Helping the Environment Heal
While some may feel that sustainable economic practices are the way to save the world from the impending doom, some think technology can restore what it took away. The best answer lies in a common ground – somewhere between the two extremes.
Here are some of the technical schools of thought that have taken the mantle to save our environment.
1.Renewable Energy
One of the most recognized eco-friendly advancements in the spectrum of technology has been in the sector of clean energy. Renewable sources of energy like solar, wind and hydroelectric power are being considered the ultimate solution to reduce the consumption of non-renewable sources like coal, fuel, etc. Moreover, since the resources are proving to be cheaper, serious efforts are being made in making improvements in this front. Products like Tesla’s solar panels have made them more accessible and appealing to consumers.
2.Going Digital
Digital media has officially taken over the print to restrict the usage of paper. Bulletins, newspapers and glossy magazines have now been replaced with online forums, e-papers, and blogs. Several companies to have signed out of sending paper bills to residences and are sending e-bills as a part of the Green Revolution. Brands are sending newsletters and digital pamphlets over email, thus switching from handouts and paper junk.
Moreover, with the pair of a smartphone and a stylus, people have stopped spending money on writing material. Modern classrooms allow e-books and tablets so that students can take down assignments to help in bringing down the consumption of the global tree population.
3.Environmental Monitoring
The gifts that technology has to offer are also being used to make sure that all the green laws and regulations are being abided by. Hunting and poaching activities are being restricted by camouflaging drones in foliage. Like security cameras, these drones hover above the areas that poachers frequently visit, making it more difficult for illegal hunters to get away with the crime.
The government is also using technology to keep a close check on companies and whether they are following environmental regulations or not. The Geo-Spatial Measurement of Air Pollution is a brilliant example of this – a device which measures the amount of pollutants present in the air in a location.
4.The Sharing Economy
Since we have a vague understanding of the sharing economy, let us start with the classic example of an Uber pool. You share a ride with others and contribute to reducing the carbon emission in the environment. And even if not pool, Uber has made it possible for us to get around without having to buy a car. Carpooling is also being normalized so that people can hitch rides with a car owner to reduce emissions as well as traffic congestions on the road.
Airbnb has also made contributions in this field by helping travellers and homeowners come together to take advantages of spaces. Services like Hulu and Netflix have also made DVDs redundant, thus reducing plastic consumption and technology waste.
5.Electric Cars
While sharing rides over an Uber cab does help us reduce the number of vehicles on the road, it does not do much to solve the issue of environmental degradation. Here is where electric cars and buses come in to stand as a more sustainable option. The use of electric vehicles has been made common in smart-countries like Japan and Canada.
Other parts of the world are seeing a steady rise in hybrid vehicles as well. As a result, the price of electric cars has seen a drop due to the technical improvements in the costs of the batteries that they run on. In fact, if things go at the right speed, we can expect electric cars to be cheaper than traditional vehicles by 2022.
6.Smarter Homes
Smart homes go beyond technological sophistication and comfort and can be used as an avenue to promote environmentalism. Every household consumes more energy than we can think of and smart home devices can bring this rate of consumption down by several notches. With smart thermostats and motion-activated lighting, we can now use power only when we really need it. The Philips Hue Lighting system is one such device.
The World Health Organization has listed indoor pollution as one of the dangerous threats to our health. Brands like Clairy have come up with natural air purifiers that are fuelled by plants to improve the quality of air in an enclosed space. The purifier uses its advanced sensors and a photocatalytic filter to track the quality of air, temperature, and humidity levels.
7.Planned Tech Obsolescence
Ironic as it may sound, we now have the technology to reduce tech waste. With the world moving up the ladder of digitization, almost 78% of the entire world population today own mobile phones and a personal computer, to say the least. And as newer versions are introduced with every passing second, we are quick to consider them obsolete and move on to the next one. This is why technological obsolescence has more than doubled within the last ten years.
To combat this, e-waste management company Electronic Recyclers International is collaborating with ecommerce brands like Best Buy and eBay to sell old recycled electronics. They sort and disassemble electronics ranging from batteries to phones to DVD players and recycles about 250 million pounds of e-waste each year solely in North America.
Our continuous quest to make lives more comfortable for us has taken a toll on the environment, and it is time that we stop. The earth is in dire straits, and it cannot bear any more gashes and wounds. To avoid the approaching apocalypse, we need to change our selfish ways to make this planet a better place to live in for every form of life. It is, therefore, time to show a greater sense of responsibility and turn technology into a boon from the bane it has become for the earth. We must invest in sustainability and use technology to limit the negative impact of our surroundings. Only this would secure our future on our home planet.
technology-has-made-the-earth-a-better-place
hellen jones
Hi, this is Hellen jones. I am a blogger and crypto enthusiast. I work for Cryptoknowmics which is known for the best ongoing initial coin offering listing and ongoing initial exchange offering to list. I like to find and share new information across the web. You can follow me on Twitter and Linkedin too.
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Learn To Protest; Being Silent Is Good For Examination Halls | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line514 |
__label__cc | 0.681359 | 0.318641 | Free Science of Getting Rich eBook
Printable List of Positive Emotions
Abraham Hicks /
When Manifestations Are Happening Too Fast For You
~ Abraham Hicks ~
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Once you notice the Law of Attraction working in your favor, it's a magical thing. However, sometimes the manifestations keep on coming and your vibration starts to drop, because you can't keep up with them and often doubts and negativity start to creep in.
We all want to build up positive momentum with our manifestations, however here's how to cope when the momentum is happening too fast...
Please Click to Subscribe
Play the video on the left 'Abraham Hicks - When Manifestations Are Happening Too Fast For You - to hear the full audio on this subject.
Listening time: 7 minutes
Transcripts from Abraham Recording
It's been an incredible year for me millions of dollars, beautiful home, it's been unbelievable. A job that I wouldn't have designed and that's the other little piece is that I'm getting things that had I had a magic wand I wouldn't have designed them they're better they're coming and they're better.
So, before you go further we have to say you did design it, you just designed it through sifting through contrast. You designed it incrementally. You designed it so personally and so incrementally that you were incapable, as is every one, of even comprehending the massiveness of the culmination of what you'd been putting into your vibrational escrow, but isn't it nice to know you didn't have to know every squirrely little detail, all you had to do is chill out and let the universe bring to you all of the components.
It's sort of like taking the components of some magnificent machine. Can you imagine finding all of the components of this ship in a pile somewhere? I'm thinking hmmm what could I do with these, or just that, and not realizing that you threw the pieces over there one at a time, and you didn't even realize what was forming, but the broader perspective of that which you are did, and Law of Attraction did, and so then you get the element of surprise and delight as you allow yourself the discovery of what you did create.
In the midst of all this I end up with even more love than I realized. It's all coming very fast and I put the brakes on so I have a question about that because as I look at it I know I want to jump into that deep end of the pool I know I want to go further and experience more but I hesitated this year recently and I don't understand why I pulled back from...
Think about think about the two stories you're telling, because they're two very different stories. The first story was - I just lived life, I didn't make a big deal out of it. I you a ton of things in vibrational escrow. I chilled out and the universe says here, here is this magnificent thing that you have been in the process of creating, and you said, oh look at that, didn't know how wonderful it was but recognize that it does belong to me and I'll take it.
The second story you're telling is - I've got this idea of what I am wanting, and I'm working very hard at coming into vibrational alignment with it, in other words there it's much more hands-on and much less allowing. If something feels like the deep-end don't jump in, never jump into the deep-end unless you say I'm a high diver and the deeper the better. Unless you say, I've trained myself to be in the deep-end because the deeper it is the more agility and performance I can derive from it, but if you mean deep-end and the way you meant deep, then don't get in the deep end, and don't feel uncomfortable about not being ready to get in the deep-end.
When you say I hesitate, we say that is the right response. Don't jump in until the water calls you so powerfully that you couldn't not jump in. In other words, wild horses couldn't keep you from jumping in. You're jumping in, everybody saying don't jump in, and you're saying to them all - get lost, I'm going in.
Yesterday with contrast you said if you're really sick, then you've never been weller.
It's a stock market. It's a roller coaster. The future economy of your world is assured, because the more of that there is, the more asking there is, and the more asking there is. the more answering there is. so there is a huge economy or vortex of all desires available to anyone who lines up with the the frequency of it.
Right, so I think you just answered the question actually which is - how do I close that, when you say if you're not well if you're sick then you're in your vibrational escrow you're never more well and the thought that occurred to me is well it sounded so wonderful that I thought I could get sick. I'd love to be that well, and so my point is, I don't want to go there.
Well that was the point that we were making, in other words, in this way we don't want you to get sick to be weller, but we want you to stop beating up on yourself when you find yourself exploring contrast. So many deliberate creators are now feeling uncomfortable about contrast as if they're doing something wrong. We want you to learn to manage the contrast, to mine the contrast. We want the contrast to be the stuff from which your hopes and dreams and desires are made of, rather than something that feels ominous, as if it will overtake you then the detail so many people, in fact most of the world, speaks as if the world needs to be cleaned up so that I can view a spot of clarity and then feel good, and we're wanting to say - don't change the world, just change your focus. Don't try to get rid of the contrast, just sharpen your ability to derive from the contrast things wanted.
You see that really is the powerful message that came out of yesterday's gathering because many people when we began talking about the science of deliberate creation, people began becoming afraid of their thoughts. Cancel, cancel they say it, try to suck the thought back before a lot of attraction would get hold of it and create something that they did not want, and we want you to understand that wherever you are is fine.
Wherever you put your boat in the stream you have the ability to let go of the oars and let the stream carry you to where you want to be, and so this is all about asking you to make more of an effort to stop defining the contrast as bad.
It's like when we talk about contrast we're talking about the range of probabilities, but when we use the word contrast most people hear 'things not wanted' and we say of course there are things not wanted in contrast. Its contrast. There are things not wanted, in other things, wanted.
There things really, really, really wanted. There things really, really awful, and things really, really wonderful. Contrast as a whole is a good thing, and when you learn to pay attention to who you are and how you feel, then contrast is the environment from which you derive your ideas. It is the basis of expansion which means it is the basis of eternity, it's wonderful.
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Copyright 2020 by InnerFreedomSystem.com. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line515 |
__label__cc | 0.599275 | 0.400725 | New work advances efforts in finding a cure for acute myeloid leukemia
UC Riverside-led research focused on the enzyme DNMT3A
Jikui Song, an associate professor of biochemistry at UC Riverside, has published new work in Nature Communications that builds on his lab’s recent success in cracking the structure of DNMT3A, an enzyme that plays a key role in DNA methylation.
DNA methylation is a process involving the transfer of methyl groups to the DNA molecule, which critically influences gene expression, genomic stability and cell differentiation. Mutations of DNMT3A have been linked to a variety of diseases, such as acute myeloid leukemia, or AML, and overgrowth syndrome.
Jikui Song
“DNMT3A mutations have been identified in about 25% AML patients; among these, the arginine-to-histidine mutation at site 882, or R882H, represents the most frequent one,” Song said. “The R882H mutation is associated with increased cell proliferation and correlates with poor clinical outcome. How this mutation impacts the function of DNMT3A and disease progression, however, has not been well understood.”
In the study, Song’s team solved the structures of DNMT3A that carrried the R882H mutation to identify the structural defects caused by this mutation. In addition, the team performed biochemical assays to understand how the R882H mutation affects the way DNMT3A works.
“Our study shows that this mutation affects the substrate recognition of DNMT3A in multiple ways,” Song said. “On the one hand, it reduces the activity of DNMT3A toward its native DNA substrates. On the other hand, this mutation also drives DNMT3A to act on non-native substrates. Our work, therefore, explains how this mutation impairs the function of DNMT3A in AML and other related diseases.”
Song, the study’s corresponding author, was joined by graduate student Hiwot Anteneh, the first author of the research paper, and postdoctoral researcher Jian Fang.
This study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health.
The research paper is titled, “Structural basis for impairment of DNA methylation by the DNMT3A R882H mutation.”
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__label__cc | 0.685561 | 0.314439 | Home / Stock Picks / Stocks to Buy / 8 Value Stocks to Buy In The S&P 500
8 Value Stocks to Buy In The S&P 500
These stocks will garner even more positive attention today
By , Street Authority Feb 2, 2017, 10:05 am EST February 2, 2017
It’s been more than a decade since investors have felt this confident. The Wells Fargo/Gallup U.S. Investor and Retirement Optimism Index hit 96 at the end of the fourth quarter, its highest level since January of 2007.
But this wave of confidence shouldn’t come as a surprise — U.S. stocks are on a roll.
The S&P 500 delivered a total return of 13% in 2016. That was the eighth consecutive year that the S&P 500 has closed in the green, its second longest annual win streak ever.
This impressive win streak has been great for returns and confidence.
However, it has also created a problem.
The S&P 500 is expensive. Its P/E ratio of 25 is the highest level since the financial crisis in 2009.
Take a look below.
This high P/E ratio is creating some uncertainty that is lurking below the high investor confidence reading. Not only can it be intimidating for investors to buy stocks trading at an all-time high, but this makes it difficult to find value stocks.
A recent study by Bank of America/Merrill Lynch highlights the strong performance history of value stocks. The study tracked the performance of value stocks and growth stocks over a 90-year period from 1926 to 2016.
Over that time growth stocks generated an average annual return of 12.6%, while value stocks delivered an average annual return of 17.0%. The study also found that value also outperformed growth in three out of every five years.
The Top 10 Dow Dividend Stocks for February
On the surface, it would be easy to look at the S&P 500’s high P/E ratio as an obstacle. However it’s actually an opportunity. There are still many stocks in the S&P that are trading with P/E ratios well below their five-year average.
I would expect these stocks to be in favor with investors in any market, but in light of the current state of the market, I expect them to get even more attention from investors in 2017.
Below is a list of 10 of the most undervalued S&P 500 stocks with P/E ratios well below the five-year average. Take a look.
8 Of The Most Undervalued S&P 500 Stocks
5-Year Avg. P/E
Gilead GILD 7 48
Hanesbrands HBI 18 25
Perrigo PRGO 11 21
Delta Airlines DAL 8 26
Michael Kors KORS 10 54
Eastman Chemical EMN 13 17
AutoNation AN 13 21
Valero Energy VLO 14 37
From the group, I have chosen to profile two stocks that I believe have the most upside potential in 2017.
Gilead Sciences, Inc. (GILD) is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Gilead had a challenging year in 2016 as shares fell from above $100 in April to below $70 at the end of the year.
That weakness was driven by generic competition for Gilead’s popular Hepatitis C drugs. Despite the tough year, I believe the selloff has created a great opportunity.
Gilead has a robust pipeline of future drugs, with 180 trials currently underway. More than 60 of those are in Phase 3, meaning they could be on the market soon. Gilead’s current pipeline is projected to bring in around $32 billion in annual sales when fully developed.
Gilead’s pipeline has the company on pace to begin growing earnings again in 2018. In the meantime, Gilead is one of the most undervalued stocks in the S&P 500. Its P/E ratio of 6.7 is a huge discount to the S&P 500’s 25 and Gilead’s 5-year average of 48.
Valero Energy Corporation (VLO) is one of the largest petroleum refiners in the world. Valero’s earnings were down about 60% in fiscal 2016. However, that decline was not driven by bad management or performance. The entire refining industry’s earnings were down in 2016 as rising crude prices tightened margins.
Looking forward, the crack spread (the difference between the prices of crude and refined oil products) is rebounding, a trend I expect to continue in 2017. That should be good for the entire refining industry, but particularly for Valero.
Valero’s earnings are expected to rebound 44% in fiscal 2017 to $5.48 per share. In the meantime, Valero is paying one of the best dividends in the S&P 500. Its current yield of 4.3% is an 115% premium to the S&P 500’s 2.0% yield.
5 Stocks to Buy to Defy a Weak February
Despite the promising outlook and outsized yield, Valero is one of the most undervalued stocks in the S&P 500. Its current P/E ratio of 13.7 is more than a 55% discount to the S&P 500 and a 63% discount to Valero’s 5-year average of 37.
Risks To Consider: When looking for undervalued stocks, it’s important to distinguish between undervalued and distressed. Distressed stocks have a low P/E ratio because of unexpected bad news such as missed earnings targets, a weak forecast or new competition.
Action To Take: The S&P 500 is trading with its highest P/E ratio in more than five years. Despite the high valuation, there are still pockets of value. The list above is loaded with industry and global leaders that I believe have a strong long-term outlook. Buy them now while they are out of favor and look for P/E ratios to revert to long-term averages and shares to rally.
Editor’s Note: A man named Barry McCarthy walked away with $9 million this way. John Trimble made $12 million… and Peter Chernin made $21 million. A regular guy from West Virginia made 37 times his money the very same way. And now, thanks to this new investing program just greenlighted by the SEC, you have a shot at exactly the same thing. Don’t wait until everyone else knows about this. Skip to the front of the line… check it out right now.
StreetAuthority’s mission is to help individual investors earn above-average profits by providing a source of independent, unbiased — and most of all, profitable — investing ideas. Unlike traditional publishers, StreetAuthority doesn’t simply regurgitate the latest stock market news. Instead, we provide in-depth research, plus specific investment ideas and immediate action to take based on the latest market events. Visit us at StreetAuthority.com.
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Article printed from InvestorPlace Media, https://investorplace.com/2017/02/8-value-buys-in-the-sampp-500/. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line521 |
__label__wiki | 0.528709 | 0.528709 | Last edited by Akinogor
7 edition of Stools and Bottles found in the catalog.
Stools and Bottles
A Study of Character Defects - 31 Daily Meditations
Published June 1, 1955 by Hazelden .
Popular psychology,
Self-Help,
Self-Help / Substance Abuse,
Stools and Bottles | This popular book provides thirty-one daily reminders on commonly encountered AA problems during an alcoholic's way of life. Stools and Bottles offers penetrating insights into the first four Steps from a well-known : Hazelden Publishing & Educational Services. Description. Stools and Bottles A Study of Character Defects 31 Daily Meditations. Some years ago the author of The Little Red Book worked out a novel presentation of the first four steps of the A.A. program. Visual aids, consisting of a three-legged stool and eight empty whiskey bottles, were used to portray the intangible factors of these fundamental steps.
The Language of the Heart, Emmet Fox-The Sermon on the Mount, AA Comes of Age, Pass It On, Ed Webster-The Little Red Book & Stools and Bottles, The 12 & 12, the hand edited version of the original Big Book Manuscript (group conscience edits) Chuck C.-video and A New Pair of Glasses, Hank P, Mrs. Delaney, Greg V, Gerry G & the historical. The recognizable forms on the Book-Stool capture the imagination of kids. A personalized title makes each piece one-of-a-kind. Adults appreciate the craftsmanship of the routed book cover and pages. The Book-Stools spark conversation and are useful in any bedroom, library, family room, kitchen, bathroom, or classroom. Bright colors, durable.
For the past several years I have attended an annual Step Study where we use four books. We use the Big Book, 12 & 12, Stools and Bottles, and The Little Red Book. Early on, while doing my Steps for the first time, I noticed that a couple of Steps didn't have very much information to go on using only the Big Book. Book + Bottle is in Saint Petersburg, Florida. January 4 at AM “The most important part of any new habit is getting started — not just the first time, but each time.” — James Clear. Join our online book club to read and discuss top books with neighbors near and far. Last month was Little Women. This month is Atomic Habits. Have 5/5.
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Stools and Bottles by Anonymous Download PDF EPUB FB2
This popular book provides thirty-one daily reminders on commonly encountered AA problems during an alcoholic's way of life. Stools and Bottles offers penetrating insights into the first four Steps from a well-known A.A. talk. The author, who also wrote The Little Red Book, describes a three-legged stool, the legs of which represents Steps One, Two, and Three/5(82).
This popular book provides thirty-one daily reminders on commonly encountered AA problems during an alcoholic's way of life. Stools and Bottles offers penetrating insights into the first four Steps from a well-known A.A.
talk. The author, who also wrote The Little Red Book, describes a three-legged stool, the legs of which represents Steps One, Two, and Three/5.
Stools and Bottles: Daily Thoughts and Meditations for A.A. Members (A Study of Character Defects - 31 Daily Meditations) by Author of The Little Red Book (Edward A. Webster) | Jan 1, Hardcover. Stools And Bottles First Edition, First Printing, True First.
MN: Coll-Webb CO.,First Edition, Hard Cover, pp. This is the true first with the lighter green cover before the darker 2nd state of the first edition. Book is in NEAR FINE condition with previous owners name on first blank page.
No other marks or writing to book. Invariably, duplicate sets of bottles and reprints of the talk were requested.
Because the talk was extemporaneous, and the bottles too costly, all of these requests could not be met. But now it is possible to give the highlights of the talk, and to present the Stools and Bottles in this book which bears their name.
Study groups may find the. Stools and Bottles offers penetrating insights into the first four Steps from a well-known A.A. talk. The author, who also wrote The Little Red Book, describes a three-legged stool, the legs of which represents Steps One, Two, and Three.
They support the seat, which symbolizes the alcoholic. This book, Stools and Bottles, is an excellent view on the first four steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. For me, it's still helpful to hear the same information just worded differently in a different perspective.
The daily meditations in the back of the book really give you something to think about/5(3). Stools and Bottles offers penetrating insights into the first four Steps from a well-known A.A.
talk. The author, who also wrote The Little Red Book, describes a three-legged stool, the legs of which represents Steps One, Two, and Three. Stools and Bottles: A Study of Character Defects Daily Meditations See more like this STOOLS AND BOTTLES HAZELDEN Very Good Condition VTG HC AA Interest Book $ Download: Stools And Bottles Similar searches: Stools And Bottles Pdf Stools And Bottles Stools And Bottles First Edition Stools And Bottles Online Stools And Bottles Book Stools And Bottles Free Download Bottle And Stools Old Wine In New Bottles Old Wine In New Bottles Book Trash Like Bottles, Paper, And Cans Stools And Bottles Stools And Bottles First.
Stools And Bottles Free - Free download Ebook, Handbook, Textbook, User Guide PDF files on the internet quickly and easily. Stools and Bottles: Daily Thoughts and Meditations for A.A. Members - A Study of Character Defects with 31 Daily Meditations (By the Author of The Little Red Book) Anonymous (Ed Webster) Published by Coll-Webb Company, Main Post Office BoxMinneapolis I, Minnesota ().
Stools and Bottles offers penetrating insights into the first four Steps from a well-known A.A. talk. The author, who also wrote The Little Red Book, describes a three-legged stool, the legs of which represents Steps One, Two, and Three.
They support the seat, which symbolizes the alcoholic. An excellent aid to the daily application of the A.A. program.5/5(1). Stools and Bottles offers penetrating insights into the first four Steps from a well-known AA talk. The author, who also wrote The Little Red Book, describes a three-legged stool, the legs of which re.
The red book is there in a PDF, the stools and bottles is not, but there is an offer to download it via a you tube link. The same method can be used for the ones Stepchild spoke about, I have found so many books on you tube that have been converted to.
Recoveryshop - 'The One-Stop Shop' for recovery meeting materials, and step program related items/gifts. AA's Stools & Bottles Hard Cover Book - A Study of Character Defects in Recovery is just one of the many low cost books available now at recovery emporium.5/5(1).
Reprint of edition. Some years ago the author of The Little Red Book worked out a novel presentation of the first four steps of the A.A. program.
Visual aids, consisting of a three-legged stool and eight empty whiskey bottles, were used to portray the intangible factors of these fundamental steps.
The book provides thirty-one daily File Size: KB. Stools and Bottles: a Study of Character Defects Daily Meditations by Webster, Edward A. Hazelden Publishing.
ISBN See Item Details Russell Books. HIGH. Victoria, BC, Price: $ This popular book provides thirty-one daily reminders on commonly encountered AA problems during an alcoholic's way of life.
Stools and Bottles offers penetrating insights into the first four Steps from a well-known A.A. talk. The author, who also wrote The Little Red Book, describes a three-legged stool, the legs of which represents Steps One, Two, and : Hazelden Publishing.
The Little Red and Stools and Bottles were written by Ed Webster. The Little Red Book is an Accompaniment to the Big Book.
Inafter a strong experience with beginners meetings and The Tablemate, The Little Red Book was published by Ed Webster and Barry Collins. Bob helped to edit it and was consulted for the text. ABOUT STOOLS & BOTTLES. Prior to its publication by Hazelden inthe book was printed nine times by Coll Webb Company, a private press in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Written by the author of “The Little Red Book”, this book has its origins in presentations given Seller Rating: % positive.by Hugh Reilly. New York: P. J. Kenedy & Sons, First printing, Hardcover, pp. ORIGINAL dust jacket. SOLD See Photos. The Little Red Book. Stools And Bottles. Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions.
Book Lot: 9 Al-Anon. See All of the Alcoholics Anonymous Book Lots Now Available on One Page! Book Lot: 10 Alcoholic Anonymous related books.book + bottle curates the best in literary fiction, celebrity bookclub picks, bestsellers, and other mind opening reading material.
additionally, we have small sections dedicated to women, local lit, and of course, russian lit (as a tribute to our city’s founding father, peter demens from saint petersburg, russia).
we encourage you to come.
akikopavolka.com - Stools and Bottles book © 2020 | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line525 |
__label__cc | 0.501402 | 0.498598 | Meet John Mallee
What Pros Say
6 Absolutes
Phillies Q&A: Hitting coach John Mallee on working with veterans, lineup consistency, key metrics and more
May 16, 2019 wordpressadmin
By Meghan Montemurro May 10, 2019
ST. LOUIS — The Phillies’ lineup, on paper, entered the season as one of the best in baseball
ST. LOUIS — The Phillies’ lineup, on paper, entered the season as one of the best in baseball.
A mix of young talent and proven All-Stars, the offense was expected to take a step forward in 2019. The Phillies have shown they can score runs in bunches. Through Thursday’s off-day, the Phillies’ +31 run differential was third best in the National League and the only positive differential in the division. They rank among the league leaders in runs scored, on-base percentage and walk-to-strikeout ratio, while sitting near the top-third in other key statistical categories including slugging percentage, wRC+ and OPS. Still, there is room to become a more consistent group, to improve their collective contact rate and how hard they’re putting balls in play.
This week The Athletic caught up with hitting coach John Mallee, who’s in his second season with the Phillies.
The Athletic: You had such a young group of hitters last year and now it’s very different this year with more veteran hitters. From a hitting coach’s perspective, what has that adjustment been like?
John Mallee: It’s nice because the veterans know themselves. Younger guys are trying to learn themselves and the veterans know themselves so there’s a few key things that when they get out of whack, they kind of know what those are. I’m able to just help them through that moment if they need it. Where with younger guys, you’re trying to figure out, when they get out of whack, what that really is. The maturity and the ability to get to the next pitch where if you feel like you’ve got to carry the team, sometimes, it’s tougher. When you know you’ve got help around you, it’s easier.
The Athletic: When you look at this offense, there have been stretches where it’s really good and can score a bunch of runs and stretches where it’s a struggle to string things together. What do you see as the greatest strength in this lineup and an area that you would like to see adjustments made?
Mallee: To construct the lineup, I believe in on-base percentage and slugging. So you get guys who are getting on base and then when they put the bat on the ball, they have a chance to get more than a single. So, they can walk and they can hit a homer. To me, that’s a recipe for scoring runs. We have enough guys in the lineup that the contact rates are so high you can give in a little bit on the strikeouts on some of the other guys, because the other guys are going to put the ball in play. (Andrew) McCutchen’s getting on base at a .380 clip and then Jean (Segura) hitting .330 and he’s not going to strike out. When Bryce (Harper) is Bryce, it’s lights out. And then you’ve got Rhys (Hoskins) behind him protecting him and J.T. (Realmuto). It just keeps going. And you’ve got your 8-hole hitter hitting .260 with 7 (homers) and 25 RBIs (entering Tuesday), who doesn’t strike out.
The Athletic: And what about what you would like to see improve as a whole?
Mallee: I think the more they play together and the more they get at-bats against these guys and figure out how they’re trying to get them out. You have to give the pitcher some credit, too. Like (Monday) night for example, (Cardinals pitcher Miles Mikolas) is throwing his slider right on the black and right on the corner, very few balls show up in the middle of the plate. So you have to give the pitcher some of the credit. Just the consistency day in and day out of quality at-bats. That’s what we stress mostly, the quality of the at-bat.
The Athletic: Do you buy into the idea that guys hitting in the same spot in the order almost every game makes a difference in terms of comfort level or anything like that? You guys have basically used the same lineup almost every day (this season).
Mallee: I think the players like it. They may tell you it doesn’t really matter where they hit. But the statistics will show it. Does Mikey (Franco) feel more comfortable in the 8-hole than he does in the 6-hole? I don’t know, but he’s hitting great in the 8-hole, right? So, I think the consistency in the lineup, coming out every day and knowing who’s who — you know the guy behind you, you know when you need to take a pitch because he’s going to go aggressive early here and there and the communication between the two.
The Athletic: You mentioned Harper just being off at the plate. What have you been seeing from him?
Mallee: He’s just missing his pitches. He’s still getting his walks. He’s just missing his pitch. Usually when they’re off, they’re either chasing out of the zone or they’re missing their pitch. So he’s just missing his pitch. He’ll be fine.
The Athletic: For veterans, do you just let them work through that?
Mallee: Yeah, they’ve been through it. They know how to get themselves back. When you have a younger guy, they’re scrambling. Mature guys who have the experience and have been through it, they know it’s going to come around. They’ve been through it. You’re going to go through it once or twice a season where you’re going to go on a tough stretch. Usually it’s because you’re missing your pitch and then you get away from your approach and it makes it a little worse. As you get older, you learn that, OK, I’ve got to get to the next pitch, it’s not a big deal.
The Athletic: You mentioned Realmuto. You’d seen him for most of his career between being the Cubs’ hitting coach and then with the Phillies. Has anything surprised you from getting to work with him on a day-to-day basis that stands out as to why he’s such a good hitter?
Mallee: Well, he can hit velocity, number one. The game is played around velocity. He can (hit) velocity, he can hit strikes with spin, which is very important and then he doesn’t expand out of the zone so the three key ingredients to being a good hitter. He’s physical. He can use the whole field. He’s best when he’s driving the ball to right-center. (Realmuto walks by and chimes in, “He stinks.”) The thing too, it’s funny because when Rhys was in Japan (this offseason), he texted me and says, ‘What do we have to do to get this guy?’ He goes, ‘He’s a team leader, he’s the quarterback. What do we do to get this guy?’ That was really cool because people who’ve played with him and know him, they know overall what he brings to a team.
The Athletic: You discussed slugging and on-base percentage, are there any other metrics to evaluate the offense? As a team, the Phillies don’t have a high hard-contact rate but are still slugging the ball well.
Mallee: We use wOBA and a single is better than a walk, a double is better than a single. We base (off) those things. Hard-hit percentage is key because it’s gone up. Ninety-five percent or better is a hard-hit. So we use quality at-bats. How good is your at-bat? Even if you make an out after eight or nine pitches, that’s a win for us because that way we’re getting deeper into the bullpens and we’re wearing pitchers down and that type of thing. And then we talk about productive outs. And if you look up the definition of a productive out, it’s any time you advance the runner with nobody out or any time you score a runner on third with one out. So, if we’re going to make outs — we get 27 outs, and they’re all not valued equally. So, late in the game, the outs become more valuable. Earlier in the game you can play the game a little more loosely in the sense of trying to do more things, take extra chances on the bases. And then later in the game, the outs become a little more valuable so you have to play a little more cautious. I think just putting the ball in play with runners in scoring position is the key to scoring runs. I’m concerned with runs scored.
> From the archives: Mallee on the 2018 season
Top photo: Mallee during 2018 spring training. (Zack Wittman / For The Athletic)
Register for John Mallee’s 1st annual Major League Hitting Clinics.
How Phillies players have made practical use of analytics to improve their games
How an improving Rhys Hoskins has established himself as one of MLB’s most dangerous hitters
Phillies’ Scott Kingery goes deep on changes at the plate
How the Phillies plan to reboot their minors hitting program with a 28-year-old who’s never played or coached pro ball
The powerful lessons of trailblazing sports psychologist Ken Ravizza live on with Phillies whose lives he touched
How J.D. Martinez Became a Red Sox Superstar—And the Astros’ Greatest Mistake
Schererville resident, Phillies coach giving back to the Region
We’re talking about launch angle? Ex-Cubs hitting coach John Mallee defends his record: ‘I’m a World Series champ’
Quotes in the News
“Absolutely, Bryant said. “They have a good group of young hitters, too. That suprised me last year. They obviously have Mallee, too. I know how much he helped me, so I definitely think he’s going to help that team.”
~ Kris Bryant
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJVhO-Bcv8k
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Disclaimer: All opinions expressed by John Mallee on this website are solely John Mallee's and not those of the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, Houston Astros, Miami Marlins or Major League Baseball. This website is not sponsored by or affiliated with Major League Baseball or its teams. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line534 |
__label__wiki | 0.782889 | 0.782889 | The Highs and the Lows—Exploring the Nature of Optimally Impactful Development Experiences on the Talent Pathway
in The Sport Psychologist
Jamie Taylor * , 1 , 2 and Dave Collins * , 1 , 2
1 The University of Edinburgh
2 Grey Matters Performance Limited
https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0034
coaching; elite performance; psychology support
Volume 34: Issue 4
There appears to be general agreement that interaction with significant challenge should be a central feature of the development pathways for future high performers. There is, however, far less clarity about how such programs should be designed and delivered against core psychological principles. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to offer guidelines for talent development practitioners seeking to offer athletes the opportunity to maximize their growth and development. The authors propose that genuinely developmental experiences will likely offer a level of emotional disturbance and, as a result, more fully engage performers, prompting self and other facilitated reflection, and motivate future action. Furthermore, there is a necessity for these experiences and their follow-up, to be managed in a coherent manner and integrated with existing skills, experience, and future performance aims. In highlighting these issues, the authors offer recommendations for talent development coaches, managers, psychologists, and parents of athletes.
* The authors are with the Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and Grey Matters Performance Limited, Stratford-upon-Avon, England, United Kingdom.
Taylor (Jamie@greymattersuk.com) is corresponding author.
The Sport Psychologist
Perspectives on Optimally Developmental Experience
Psychological Perspectives
Educational Perspectives
The Story So Far—Implications for Pathway Design, Content, and Method
Applying Both Perspectives—Designing an Effective System
Catering for Today—Horizontal Coherence
Catering for Tomorrow—Vertical Integration
Professional Judgment and Decision Making
Experience of Functional Variability
Promoting Coherence—A Potential Curriculum
Individualized Programming
Primed preparation
Well-structured follow-up
Conclusions and Consequences for Practice
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Van Yperen, N.W. (2009). Why some make it and others do not: Identifying psychological factors that predict career success in professional adult soccer. The Sport Psychologist, 23(3), 317–329. doi:10.1123/tsp.23.3.31710.1123/tsp.23.3.317)| false
Wade, S.M., Pope, Z.C., & Simonson, S.R. (2014). How prepared are college freshmen athletes for the rigors of college strength and conditioning? A survey of college strength and conditioning coaches. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(10), 2746–2753. PubMed ID: 24714539 doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000473
Wade, S.M., Pope, Z.C., & Simonson, S.R. (2014). How prepared are college freshmen athletes for the rigors of college strength and conditioning? A survey of college strength and conditioning coaches. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(10), 2746–2753. PubMed ID: 24714539 doi:10.1519/JSC.000000000000047310.1519/JSC.0000000000000473)| false
Webb, V., Collins, D., & Cruickshank, A. (2016). Aligning the talent pathway: Exploring the role and mechanisms of coherence in development. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(19), 1799–1807. PubMed ID: 26788766 doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1139162
Webb, V., Collins, D., & Cruickshank, A. (2016). Aligning the talent pathway: Exploring the role and mechanisms of coherence in development. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(19), 1799–1807. PubMed ID: 26788766 doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.113916210.1080/02640414.2016.1139162)| false
Wiliam, D. (2013). Principled curriculum design. In P. Chambers (Ed.), Redesigning schooling-3 (pp 2–46). London, UK: SSAT (The School Network) Ltd.
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Wyer, R.S., Clore, G.L., & Isbell, L.M. (1999). Affect and information processing. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 31, pp. 1–77). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60271-3)| false
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Jamie Taylor | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line538 |
__label__wiki | 0.956205 | 0.956205 | Shania Twain Signs on to Bring ‘Heart of Texas’ Novels to Television
Shania Twain has a new television project in the works, but she won't be appearing onscreen. The singer has signed on as executive producer for Heart of Texas, a new television series based on books by the same name.
The Heart of Texas series of novels are written by Debbie Macomber, and the television show will be based on the struggles of three siblings looking to save their family's land after their parents' death. Twain will also contribute creatively to the project, which is a collaboration with Reel World Management.
Details about how the series will be distributed or who may star in it have not yet been released. Monday morning's (July 27) press release is the first news of the new venture for Twain, a '90s and early '00s star who has since worked on a few movie and television projects. Trading Paint with John Travolta is her most high-profile role to date, although earlier this year she appeared in a movie called I Still Believe as well.
Like all artists, Twain has spent 2020 away from the road. Her Las Vegas residency was scrapped for the spring and summer, and she's been mostly quiet otherwise.
The 54-year-old's last album was Now in 2017. She's best known for songs including "Any Man of Mine," "That Don't Impress Me Much" and "Man! I Feel Like a Woman" from albums such as Come on Over. Twain has sold more than 100 million albums worldwide, making her the top selling pop-country woman of all time.
Country Music's Most Essential '90s Songs? See Which Shania Twain Song Is Listed:
See 50 Essential '90s Country Songs
Source: Shania Twain Signs on to Bring ‘Heart of Texas’ Novels to Television
Filed Under: shania twain | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line540 |
__label__cc | 0.730564 | 0.269436 | Home / circa 2012 to 2020 / Kenneth Grant: A Bibliography
Kenneth Grant: A Bibliography
Kenneth Grant: A Bibliography quantity
SKU: DAA316 Categories: circa 2012 to 2020, Social Tags: Aleister Crowley, Kenneth Grant, Lovecraft, Starfire, Typhonian, Voudon
Henrik Bogdan
Starfire Publishing, London, 2015. Hardcover. 298 pages. Sewn binding, bound in black cloth. With a substantial Introduction by Henrik Bogdan surveying the development of Grant’s published work, a Preface by Steffi Grant and a Foreword by Martin P. Starr, this book is sure to become the standard volume of reference for details of Grant’s work. Brand New/Fine.
Kenneth Grant’s published work was substantial, reaching across six decades. The first edition of Henrik Bogdan’s Bibliography was published in 2003 by Academia Esoterica Press, Sweden. More original work by Kenneth Grant has been published since then, as well as further editions and translations of the Typhonian Trilogies. Now detailing all known publications up until the end of 2014, the present Bibliography has been restructured, revised and expanded for this second edition, and full bibliographical details have been supplied for all the major works. Included are details of not only the books – many translated into a number of languages – but also the essays and articles written for collections such as Man, Myth & Magic and Cult and Occult, as well as ephemera such as the informative, attractive and highly- collectible flyers issued when many of these books were first published.
The Bibliography is lavishly illustrated. A first section of colour plates consists essentially of plates selected from Kenneth Grant’s work over the decades; also included are some previously-unseen items. A second section of colour plates reproduces the front covers of some of these scarcer published works, as well as a selection of the flyers for the books issued at the time of publication.
VICTORIA’S MADMEN: REVOLUTION AND ALIENATION
The Heretic’s Guide to Thelema Volume 2 & 3
ALEISTER CROWLEY: A MODERN MASTER
The Other Child and Other Tales
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__label__wiki | 0.743211 | 0.743211 | General Research Databases
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Subjects: Watzek | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line544 |
__label__cc | 0.691455 | 0.308545 | G Seth Mitchell
G. Seth Mitchell
Seth Mitchell has been a civil litigator for the length of his legal career. He focuses on aggressively pursuing the best possible outcome for each of his clients. Before joining the Law Offices of Scott Warmuth, Seth was a successful defense attorney, representing clients in various fields of law, including personal injury, property disputes, construction defects, and breach of contract claims. Because of this experience, Seth is intimately familiar with the strategies and tactics of insurance companies denying claims and/or failing to make reasonable settlement offers. Seth uses this knowledge to his advantage, passionately advocating for his clients’ rights to fair and just compensation.
Seth has been an effective litigator as a plaintiff’s attorney at the Law Offices of Scott Warmuth, boasting several million dollars worth of pre-trial settlements. Seth is a proud member of the Consumer Attorneys Association of Los Angeles, an organization dedicated to increasing the effectiveness of the attorneys who represent injured victims.
Seth earned his Juris Doctorate from Southwestern University School of Law in Los Angeles in 2005 and passed the bar in the same year. During law School, he obtained the CALI Excellence for the Future Award (highest grade) in Contracts II and was an advocate in the Trial Advocacy Honors Program (TAHP) competing in numerous mock trials and taking advanced classes in trial advocacy. Seth was also the Chairman of the Board of Governors of TAHP, after being selected for this position by his peers. Prior to law school, Seth earned his Bachelors of Science in Business Administration at the University of Richmond in 1999, concentrating in Finance and International Business, Minoring in Spanish and being named to the Dean’s List.
Email Seth
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Bachelor of Science in Business Administration – Finance, International Business
University of Richmond – Richmond, Virginia
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Board of Governors – Chairman
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Free Legal Consultations at 888-517-9888 | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line545 |
__label__cc | 0.672836 | 0.327164 | Home Energy, Oil & Gas Law New Mexico Cerro
Cerro Energy, Oil & Gas Lawyers
Gary William Boyle
Santa Fe, NM Energy, Oil & Gas Law Attorney
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Margaret Moses Branch
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Carter B. Harrison IV
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Vaughn Thomas
(505) 837-2344Southwestern Law SchoolUniversity of Utah and University of UtahCalifornia, District of Columbia and New MexicoMartindale-Hubbel and FINANCE MONTHLY (INTERNATIONAL)New Mexico State Bar
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The LII Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Cerro Energy, Oil & Gas Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line546 |
__label__cc | 0.58034 | 0.41966 | CA Church Seeks Emergency Relief at Appeals Court
Last Friday afternoon, Harvest Rock Church and Harvest International Ministry filed an emergency motion for injunction pending appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals regarding Governor Gavin Newsom’s unconstitutional orders.
Within 45 minutes, the court ordered Gov. Newsom to respond tomorrow by 5:00 p.m. PT, and the church to reply by 5:00 p.m. Wednesday. The governor’s orders prohibit ALL worship, including home Bible studies and fellowship with anyone who does not live in the home. Yet, Gov. Newsom continues to encourage mass gatherings of protestors throughout the state.
Following the argument on August 12, Judge Jesus G. Bernal orally denied the request for a preliminary injunction. However, he waited until September 2 to release the written order. The appeal was filed, but it could not be effective until a written order was issued. Now that the order has been issued, the appeal can proceed. Liberty Counsel will also file for an injunction pending appeal.
On August 13, the Pasadena Assistant Prosecutor in the Criminal Division sent Harvest Rock Church and Pastor Che’ Ahn a letter demanding that ALL in-person worship services cease. The letter threatens daily criminal charges and fines to Pastor Ahn, the church, staff, and parishioners. The letter states that each criminal charge is punishable by up to one year in prison.
The lawsuit challenges both the total ban on in-person worship (including in private homes) in the counties on the “County Monitoring List,” and the ban on singing and chanting in the remaining counties. In addition to in-person worship at Harvest Rock Church, the church also has many “Life Groups,” which are home Bible studies and fellowship groups. These too are prohibited under Gov. Newsom’s July 6 (no singing and chanting) and July 13 (no worship) orders. Yet while he discriminates against churches, home Bible studies and fellowship meetings, the governor continues to encourage thousands of protestors to gather throughout the state. Like Gov. Newsom, Pasadena has allowed hundreds and thousands of protestors. Neither the Pasadena Public Health Department nor the Pasadena Prosecutor have attempted to stop the protests in which people are crowded together, many of them not wearing masks.
In Governor Newsom’s response to the motion for the temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction, he argues that churches are not “essential.” Regarding feeding, counseling and housing people in the same building where worship services occur, Newsom argues that only the worship services should be prohibited while the other non-religious services should be allowed.
Concerning home Bible studies, Newsom argues that he has authority to prohibit home fellowship groups. As to protests, Newsom publicly encourages them, saying “God bless you. Keep doing it.”
Liberty Counsel Founder and Chairman Mat Staver said, “Governor Newsom has not and cannot state why masses of thousands of protestors are less ‘dangerous’ to public health than a responsibly distanced and sanitized worship service. In the landmark 1947 case, the Supreme Court has stated that under the First Amendment, the state cannot prohibit people from attending church against their will. Yet, that is what Gov. Newsom has done.”
Liberty Counsel advances religious liberty, the sanctity of human life, and the family through litigation and education. We depend on your support, which enables us to represent people at no cost. Click here to GIVE NOW. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line547 |
__label__cc | 0.628056 | 0.371944 | Non-Litigation
LPO Services
Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881 - Blog
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT ACT, 1881- RECENT UPDATE
The Supreme Court in its judgement dated 1st Day of August 2014, in the case of Dashrath Rupsingh Rathod vs. State of Maharashtra and another it was held that, the territorial jurisdiction for dishonour of cheques is restricted to the court within whose local jurisdiction the offence was committed, which in the present context is where the cheque is dishonoured by the bank on which it is drawn.
Thus, pursuant to the judgement of the Hon'ble Supreme Court various representations have been made to the Government by various stake holders, industry associations, financial institutions expressing concerns about the wide impact this judgement would have on the business interests as it will offer undue protection to defaulters at the expense of the aggrieved complainant.
To address the difficulties faced by the payee or the lender of the money in filing the case under section 138 of the said Act, because of which, large number of cases are stuck, the jurisdiction for offence under section 138 has been clearly defined.
The Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2015 provides for the following, namely:
i. filing of cases only by a court within whose local jurisdiction the bank branch of the payee, where the payee presents the cheque for payment, is situated;
ii. stipulating that where a complaint has been filed against the drawer of a cheque in the court having jurisdiction under the new scheme of jurisdiction, all subsequent complaints arising out of section 138 of the said Act against the same drawer shall be filed before the same court, irrespective of whether those cheques were presented for payment within the territorial jurisdiction of that court;
iii. stipulating that if more than one prosecution is filed against the same drawer of cheques before different courts, upon the said fact having been brought to the notice of the court, the court shall transfer the case to the court having jurisdiction as per the new scheme of jurisdiction; and
iv. amending Explanation I under section 6 of the said Act relating to the meaning of expression "a cheque in the electronic formâ€, as the said meaning is found to be deficient because it presumes drawing of a physical cheque, which is not the objective in preparing "a cheque in the electronic form†and inserting a new Explanation III in the said section giving reference of the expressions contained in the Information Technology Act, 2000.
Accordingly, the Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2015 ("the Bill") in Parliament was introduced in Lok Sabha on 6th May, 2015 and considered and passed by Lok Sabha on 13th May, 2015. However, since the Rajya Sabha was adjourned sine die on 13th May, 2015, the Bill could not be discussed and passed by that House and the Bill could not be enacted.
However, on 15th Day of June 2015 The Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Ordinance, 2015 was promulgated by the Hon'ble President of India. The Negotiable Instruments (Amendement) Bill, 2015 has been passed by the House of People and is pending in the Council of States; Parliament is not in session and thus the President is satisfied that there exists some circumstances which render it necessary for him to take immediate action and thus promulgated an Ordinance under Article 123(1) of Constitution of India amending Section 6 and Section 142 of Negotiable Instrument Act.
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__label__wiki | 0.570916 | 0.570916 | Browse: Home / History / Miracle of Lake Hopatcong
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Miracle of Lake Hopatcong
Written by Marty Kane on December 6, 2019 in History | 873 Views | 2 Responses
A 1947 advertisement in the Lake Hopatcong Breeze proclaimed a new development the “miracle of Lake Hopatcong!” The ad described Shore Hills Estates as a “beautiful new community… carefully planned to satisfy your every need and whim for summer happiness.”
For “as little as $2,990” buyers could acquire a custom-built vacation home with water, electricity, good roads and “all the conveniences of city living with all the charm of a rustic summer bungalow.” The new community offered plots of “at least 7,500 square feet” for “as little as $200 down and $20 monthly.”
According to the July 19, 1947 Breeze, 72 home sites had already been sold in Shore Hills, the “ideally planned community on the desirable East Shore of Lake Hopatcong.”
Shore Hills Market, early 1950s
Henry M. Margolis, the development company’s president, and Manuel Selengut, the executive in charge of building, advertised more than 500 lots, including lakefront, hilltop and brook sites.
All homes were designed by architect Carl Kemm Loven, and buyers could choose architectural styles from “established” to “modernistic offerings.”
The developers promoted “winding roads, parks, and sparkling springs” and planned business sections for the future. A 100,000-gallon tank installed on the property to hold water pumped from “deep artesian wells” alleviated homeowner concerns about water and, as a bonus, the central water supply fed fire hydrants throughout the development.
The 400-acre Shore Hills site, split between Mount Arlington and Roxbury, was once home to American Forcite Powder Company, which was established in 1883. The site was chosen for the large industrial facility due to its remote location and proximity to the Army’s powder depot at Picatinny Arsenal and the Hercules plant in Kenvil.
The plant produced the first commercially available gelatin dynamite in the United States. Water-resistant and relatively fume-free, this explosive was particularly suited for tunnel and hard rock blasting and was widely used in the iron mines of northern New Jersey.
In 1913, American Forcite became part of Atlas Powder Company. A growing summer community was beginning to border on the once isolated facility. Facing high land values and high taxes, the owner dismantled the plant and moved operations to eastern Pennsylvania in 1932.
After sitting idle for over a decade, the property was acquired in 1947 for Shore Hills Estates. Such developments skyrocketed during the baby boom years after World War II as Americans sought family-friendly vacation spots. Shore Hills competed for this market at Lake Hopatcong along with East Shore Estates and Prospect Point.
Although most of the land at Shore Hills Estates was set back from the lake, the developers maximized its lake frontage. Construction of a large beach was a major selling point as all homeowners would have the right to beach access. In the summer of 1947 construction began on the first homes: modest-sized and designed as fairly simple summer bungalows.
Shore Hills made many improvements to draw buyers. A children’s playground was opened for the 1948 season and the large beach was enclosed by a white picket fence to provide privacy and safety. Construction of handball and tennis courts, a baseball field and a community clubhouse commenced.
The August 28, 1948 Breeze reported that home construction was personally supervised by Manuel and David Selengut, “whose expert knowledge in this field makes it possible to pass on to the purchaser the many economies that result from sound planning and rigid construction standards.” Selengut, the exclusive builder in these early years, emphasized custom-built homes. By the summer of 1948, a reported 400 lots had been sold, and the majority of completed homes were occupied.
Shore Hills was marketed as a vacation community. In 1948 the developers used the unusually large 8-foot lake drawdown to enlarge the beach to some 400 feet long and advertised that some $100,000 was being spent on recreational facilities.
The Shore Hills Property Owners Protective Association was formed in 1949 to run the common areas. Lifeguards were hired and the newly established teen club planned events such as dances and costume parties. The association hosted its first swim meet for Shore Hills residents.
Two Lustron all-steel prefabricated homes built that year became some of the first non-Selengut houses in the development. In the ensuing years, other local builders including Chaplin Builders would also construct many houses.
By the summer of 1950, some 200 homes had been built at Shore Hills. The baseball field and shuffleboard, handball and clay tennis courts had been completed. In June of that year, the opening of a supermarket on the corner of Rogers Drive—across the street from the beach—was hugely popular. Opened by Vincent Gutwein, the store became part of the ShopRite chain cooperative for a time and later operated under many names.
In the early 1950s, Shore Hills featured constant summer activities, many sponsored by its energetic women’s club. There was swimming, card parties, bingo, mahjong, water carnivals, weekly movies on the handball courts, dances and fashion shows, along with an active tennis committee, teen club and day camp.
In June 1956, the newly formed Lake Hopatcong Historical Society held one of its first meetings at the Shore Hills Club House. It featured an entire day of activities based on “The Indians Who Lived at Lake Hopatcong and What Became of Them.”
Shore Hills Estates differed from some of the other lake developments of the era. While Jews and Italians were not welcome in places like Lake Mohawk, Shore Hills had no such restrictions. As a result, many early buyers were Jews and Italians from places such as Brooklyn, the Bronx, Jersey City, Newark and Bayonne.
Long-time Mount Arlington resident Jo Ann Gardner remembers moving into Shore Hills Estates in 1960. As a young couple with an infant son, the Gardners did not think they could afford a house, but Manuel Selengut worked out a down payment stretched over five years at $250 each December. Their two-bedroom house on Logan Drive cost $11,000. To put that in perspective, Jo Ann’s husband, Dave, was earning $4,000 a year as a teacher at the time.
She recalled that the house “was just right for us… Shore Hills Estates was a great place to start a family,” she said. “We walked everywhere and it was a friendly place… Dorothy Selengut [Manuel’s wife] and I put on children’s programs and parties in the clubhouse.
“We could walk to Gutwein’s grocery store and to the beach and to the clubhouse.”
In those years, most families owned one car that the husband took to work while most women stayed in the community during the day.
Much has changed in the ensuing 50 years. Jo Ann and her growing family moved up the street in Mount Arlington in 1965. She noted that around 1960 many Shore Hills houses started to be converted to year-round homes. Indeed, most of the development’s original structures have been expanded as it transitioned to a year-round community.
It has now been more than 70 years since the development of Shore Hills was lauded as a “miracle.” For many who relocated from the city, started new lives in the country and raised their families at Shore Hills, it lived up to the billing.
Published: Labor Day 2019 Vol. 11 No. 5
Survivors From Another Era→
That’s Snow Business→
‘The Coolest Spot in Town’→
Letting the Good Times Roll→
Robin February 24, 2020 at 8:04 pm | Permalink
My parents and I moved here in 1958. Manny Selengut was wonderful. I was only nine years old when they started construction on our house I didn’t know that you could do that. that you could have someone build a house just for you to me he was a wizard My family loved him.
Steven J. O'Connor(Steve) June 3, 2020 at 11:05 am | Permalink
I’m from Hopatcong the west shore of the lake. Though over the years have known many residents of Shore Hills. Yes, it truly was a paradise to grow up in. Swimming and boating almost daily.
We rarely felt bored or lonely; quite the opposite we had many peers to make friends with.
Several remain good friends today.
Copyright © 2019 Lake Hopatcong News
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the editor.
Karen Fucito
37 Nolan's Point Park Road
Lake Hopatcong, NJ 07849
editor@lakehopatcongnews.com
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__label__wiki | 0.635319 | 0.635319 | SOS for DARE
April 7, 2013 @ 5:52 pm · Filed by Ben Zimmer under Announcements, Dialects, Dictionaries, Research tools, Resources
Many Language Log readers are no doubt familiar with the Dictionary of American Regional English, which I hailed in a Boston Globe column last year as "a great project on how Americans speak — make that the great project on how Americans speak." At the time, I was previewing DARE's fifth volume, which completed the alphabetical run all the way to zydeco. Since then, a sixth volume of supplemental materials has also been published, and plans are underway to launch the digital version of DARE, which would serve as an online home for future expansions and revisions. But now DARE editor Joan Hall passes along some troubling news about the dictionary's financial fate.
Joan writes:
On the heels of our recent triumphs, DARE is experiencing a serious financial crisis. The situation is the result of a number of factors: we were not awarded federal and private grants we had anticipated receiving; private gifts have declined precipitously; a major foundation that has provided a large gift annually for twenty years has decided it must move on to other worthy projects; the UW has endured grave reductions in state support, and the College of Letters and Science is unable to provide assistance.
This leaves us in a very distressing situation, in which I have been obligated by University personnel rules to send layoff notices to the whole staff as of July 1, 2013. (My own position is in layoff status as of January 1, 2014, because I have a slightly different classification.)
I have spent most of my time in recent weeks writing appeals to former DARE supporters—foundation and individual—as well as potential new contributors. No luck yet.
What I hope that you will do is to help publicize our plight and let language mavens and fans of DARE know that if they’d like to help us, it’s easy to do. The home page of the DARE website (www.dare.wisc.edu) has a “Donate” button. It will take readers to a secure University of Wisconsin Foundation site through which tax-deductible gifts can be given to DARE.
We’re on the verge of publishing the digital edition, and we can’t fail now!
Please do consider giving what you can to help DARE survive, and spread the word among those who care about its continued existence. (John McIntyre of the Baltimore Sun, a longtime friend of DARE, has made a similar appeal.)
Rubrick said,
April 7, 2013 @ 10:49 pm
Is there any possibility of Kickstarting such a thing, or would university bureaucracy make that completely infeasible? I find the rise of Kickstarter and its kin to be one of the most inspiring developments in recent years, and I suspect there are a lot of folks who would be interested in funding a project such as this who aren't necessarily keen to donate to the U of W (and probably dooming themselves to a lifetime of subsequent solicitation therefrom).
In fact, if a crowdfunding entity aimed specifically at research projects, bypassing or supplementing the grant system, doesn't exist yet, it should.
BlueLoom said,
April 8, 2013 @ 8:23 am
@ Rubrick:
Too true! My son follows a different religion from the one I (don't really) follow. The cathedral of the religion he follows suffered serious damage in an earthquake a couple of years ago. As a birthday gift to him, I gave $100 "in his honor" to the earthquake reconstruction fund. Now I can't turn off the almost weekly mailings (yes, real and expensive letters, envelopes, and postage) I receive from the the cathedral.
Doctor Science said,
Rubrick:
That was exactly what I was thinking. There are a number of crowdfunding sites for science:
http://www.petridish.org/
http://sciencedonors.com/
https://www.microryza.com/
and I believe DARE could qualify as social science.
Timothy Chow said,
How much money exactly is DARE asking for? Do they want enough for the salaries and benefits in perpetuity for the positions that are currently on the chopping block? Or do they just need a fixed one-time sum to get the digital version published? Whether or not they go the crowd-funding route, it would help to be clear about exactly how much money would accomplish what goal(s).
Val Dumond said,
Novelists who want their characters to "get it right" in dialog need this marvelous resource. I would hope that writers and our organizations would put out the call to support DARE in its dire need. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line551 |
__label__cc | 0.684016 | 0.315984 | Moderna Provides Business Updates and Reports Third Quarter 2019 Financial Results
November 6, 2019 at 7:00 AM EST
PDF Version 223.3 KB
Positive interim results announced from Phase 1 CMV vaccine (mRNA-1647) study
Positive interim results announced from Phase 1 mRNA encoding chikungunya antibody (mRNA-1944) study
First participant dosed in Phase 1b age de-escalation study of hMPV+PIV3 vaccine (mRNA-1653)
Cash, cash equivalents and investments at the end of the quarter were $1.34 billion, and are expected to be approximately $1.20 billion at the end of 2019
Net cash used in operating activities and purchases of property and equipment is expected to total approximately $500 million in 2019, and between $490 million and $510 million in 2020
CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Nov. 6, 2019-- Moderna, Inc., (Nasdaq: MRNA) a clinical stage biotechnology company pioneering messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics and vaccines to create a new generation of transformative medicines for patients, today provided business updates and reported financial results for the third quarter of 2019.
New updates and recent progress include:
Positive interim results announced from Phase 1 CMV vaccine (mRNA-1647) study; Moderna is advancing mRNA-1647 to a dose-confirmation Phase 2 study in the near term while planning for a pivotal Phase 3 study
FDA granted Fast Track designation for Zika vaccine (mRNA-1893)
First patient dosed in Phase 2 PCV (mRNA-4157) study in patients with resected melanoma
OX40L (mRNA-2416) Phase 2 expansion cohort in ovarian cancer to focus only on the combination with durvalumab (IMFINZI®)
Positive interim results announced from Phase 1 chikungunya antibody (mRNA-1944) study; dosing of two additional cohorts planned to begin in the near term
Phase 1/2 MMA (mRNA-3704) study is actively recruiting patients at U.S. sites following a protocol amendment expanding the eligibility criteria to patients 8 years and older
FDA granted Fast Track designation for PA program (mRNA-3927); study start-up is ongoing for the open-label, multi-center Phase 1/2 study of multiple ascending doses of mRNA-3927 in pediatric patients with PA in the U.S.
Moderna announced a multi-year mRNA immunotherapy research collaboration with Harvard University to explore fundamental immunological processes and identify potential therapeutic opportunities
“The positive Phase 1 cytomegalovirus vaccine results announced this quarter represent an important step toward the prevention of congenital CMV infections. These data resulted from investment in our mRNA technology platform, which has now generated six positive infectious disease vaccine clinical readouts. Additionally, the recent positive Phase 1 chikungunya antibody results help de-risk a delivery technology shared by our rare disease programs, further validating our approach into new areas where mRNA medicines have the potential to treat a wide range of diseases,” said Stéphane Bancel, Moderna’s chief executive officer. “We ended the quarter with a strong cash balance of $1.34 billion and up to $187 million in additional untapped grant funding, giving us up to $1.5 billion to invest in the Company moving forward. We expect investment levels in 2020 to be approximately $500 million, similar to 2019. We intend to expand our group of biopharmaceutical partners and bring in additional non-dilutive grant and government funding as we advance our development pipeline and create new modalities.”
Moderna currently has 21 mRNA development candidates in its portfolio with 13 in clinical studies. Across Moderna’s pipeline, more than 1,400 participants have been enrolled in clinical studies. The Company’s updated pipeline can be found at www.modernatx.com/pipeline. Moderna and collaborators have published more than 40 peer-reviewed papers, including 23 over the last 12 months.
The Company has established a wide range of strategic alliances with leading biopharmaceutical companies, as well as government-sponsored and private organizations focused on global health initiatives. Strategic collaborators contribute their therapeutic expertise, help to validate Moderna’s mRNA platform and have provided a quarter of the Company’s total capital to date. As of September 30, 2019, Moderna had up to $187 million in additional funding available from grants (including amounts not yet committed)1.
Summary of Program Highlights by Modality
Prophylactic vaccines: Moderna is developing vaccines against viral diseases where there is unmet medical need - including complex vaccines with multiple antigens for common diseases, as well as vaccines against epidemic and pandemic threats to global public health.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine (mRNA-1647): At the Company’s annual R&D Day, Moderna announced positive data from the three-month interim analysis of safety and immunogenicity of the Phase 1 study of mRNA-1647. Vaccination immunized seronegative participants to levels consistent with or above seropositive titers and boosted baseline titers in seropositive participants. The vaccine was generally well-tolerated; the most common solicited local adverse event was injection site pain, and the most common systemic adverse events were headaches and chills. The next readout from the study will be from a seven-month interim analysis. Moderna also recently announced that it is advancing mRNA-1647 to a dose-confirmation Phase 2 study in the near term. Preparation has also begun for a pivotal Phase 3 study designed to evaluate the efficacy of mRNA-1647 against primary CMV infection. The Phase 2 study will test the intended Phase 3 formulation, which contains the same proprietary lipid nanoparticle (LNP) used in this Phase 1 study. mRNA-1647 is wholly owned by Moderna.
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and parainfluenza type 3 (PIV3) vaccine (mRNA-1653): The first participant in the Phase 1b age de-escalation study of hMPV+PIV3 vaccine (mRNA-1653) has been dosed. Moderna previously announced positive data from the second pre-planned interim analysis of the Phase 1 study of mRNA-1653. mRNA-1653 is wholly owned by Moderna.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine (mRNA-1172 or V172): The Phase 1 study of mRNA-1172 led by Merck is ongoing.
Zika virus vaccine (mRNA-1893): In August, Moderna announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Fast Track designation for mRNA-1893. The Phase 1 study of mRNA-1893 is ongoing.
Presentations of note: Moderna presented data from its prophylactic vaccines at IDWeek, World Vaccine Congress Europe and the International Society of Vaccines Annual Congress, including interim Phase 1 hMPV+PIV3 vaccine (mRNA-1653) data, preclinical Zika vaccine (mRNA-1893) data and interim Phase 1 CMV vaccine (mRNA-1647) data.
Cancer Vaccines: These programs focus on stimulating a patient’s immune system with antigens derived from tumor-specific mutations to enable the immune system to elicit a more effective anti-tumor response.
Personalized cancer vaccine (PCV) (mRNA-4157): The first patients have been dosed in the randomized Phase 2 study investigating a 1 mg dose of mRNA-4157 in combination with Merck’s pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA®), compared to pembrolizumab alone, for the adjuvant treatment of high-risk resected melanoma. The Phase 1 study is ongoing.
PCV (NCI-4650): The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Phase 1 study of NCI-4650 as a monotherapy for patients with advanced metastatic cancers has completed enrollment with five participants. No responses to monotherapy in this heavily pretreated group were observed. NCI-4650 uses Moderna’s mRNA technology but uses a different neoantigen selection process and study design than Moderna’s Phase 1 mRNA-4157 study. Interim results from NCI-4650 were reported at the 2019 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting in June and have been submitted for publication.
KRAS vaccine (mRNA-5671 or V941): The Phase 1 open-label, multi-center study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of mRNA-5671 both as a monotherapy and in combination with pembrolizumab, led by Merck, is ongoing.
Intratumoral Immuno-Oncology: These programs aim to drive anti-cancer T cell responses by injecting mRNA therapies directly into tumors.
OX40L (mRNA-2416): Based on available data, the Company has decided to focus its development of mRNA-2416 for the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer in combination with durvalumab (IMFINZI®), a PD-L1 inhibitor. The safety cohort of the combination arm (mRNA-2416 and durvalumab) of this Phase 1/2 study is ongoing and will be followed by a Phase 2 expansion cohort in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. The Company will not move forward with the mRNA-2416 monotherapy ovarian cancer arm of this study.
OX40L + IL23 + IL36γ (Triplet) (mRNA-2752): The Phase 1 trial evaluating mRNA-2752 as a single agent and in combination with durvalumab in patients with accessible solid tumors and lymphomas is ongoing. mRNA-2752 is an investigational mRNA immuno-oncology therapy that encodes a novel combination of three immunomodulators.
IL12 (MEDI1191): The Phase 1 open-label, multi-center study of intratumoral injections of MEDI1191 alone and in combination with durvalumab in patients with advanced solid tumors, led by AstraZeneca, is ongoing. MEDI1191 is an mRNA encoding for IL12, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine.
Systemic Secreted Therapeutics: In this modality, mRNA is delivered systemically to create proteins that are secreted outside the cell with the aim of producing pharmaceutically active proteins with therapeutic effects across the human body.
Antibody against the chikungunya virus (mRNA-1944): Moderna recently announced positive interim data from the first analysis of safety and activity in the Phase 1 study evaluating escalating doses of mRNA-1944 administered via intravenous infusion in healthy adults. mRNA-1944 successfully encoded for functional antibody (CHKV-24) in humans at all dose levels tested (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg). Antibody level predicted to protect against chikungunya infection was achieved within hours and was projected to be maintained for at least 16 weeks at the middle and high doses. No significant adverse events were observed at the low and middle doses; infusion-related adverse events were observed at the high dose, which resolved spontaneously without treatment. These results mark the first systemic mRNA therapeutic to show production of therapeutic levels of a secreted protein in humans, demonstrating predictable translation from preclinical species. mRNA-1944 uses the same proprietary LNP delivery technology as the systemic intracellular therapeutics targeting MMA and PA. The safety and pharmacology of mRNA-1944 will continue to be explored in two additional cohorts: one cohort with steroid premedication at the 0.6 mg/kg dose and a second cohort with two doses of 0.3 mg/kg (without steroid premedication) given one week apart.
Presentation of note: In October, Moderna presented data from the Phase 1 study of its chikungunya antibody (mRNA-1944) at the Annual Meeting of the Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Society.
Systemic Intracellular Therapeutics: These programs aim to deliver mRNA into cells within target organs as a therapeutic approach for diseases caused by a missing or defective protein.
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) (mRNA-3704): The Phase 1/2 open-label, dose escalation study is actively recruiting patients for the first cohort at U.S. sites following a protocol amendment expanding the eligibility criteria to patients 8 years and older. This study is evaluating mRNA-3704 for the treatment of MMA due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency. The Company is planning to initiate several sites outside the U.S. and recently received Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) approval in the U.K. The objectives of this study are to evaluate safety and tolerability, assess the pharmacodynamic response and characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of mRNA-3704. This is Moderna’s first rare disease program to advance into clinical testing. The mRNA-3704 program uses the same LNP formulation as mRNA-1944.
Propionic acidemia (PA) (mRNA-3927): This quarter, Moderna announced an open Investigational New Drug (IND) and FDA Fast Track designation for mRNA-3927. Study start-up is ongoing for the open-label, multi-center Phase 1/2 study of multiple ascending doses of mRNA-3927 in pediatric patients with PA in the U.S. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of mRNA-3927 administered via IV infusion, assess the pharmacodynamic response as assessed by changes in plasma biomarkers and characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of mRNA-3927. The mRNA-3927 program uses the same LNP formulation as mRNA-1944.
MMA and PA Natural History Study (MaP): As of October 2019, a total of 87 patients have been enrolled in the study (37 MMA, 50 PA). This is a global, multi-center, non-interventional study for patients with confirmed diagnosis of MMA due to MUT deficiency or PA and is designed to identify and correlate clinical and biomarker endpoints for these disorders.
Information about each development candidate in Moderna’s pipeline, including those discussed in this press release, can be found on the investor relations page of its website: https://investors.modernatx.com.
In September, Moderna announced a multi-year research collaboration with Harvard University with the goal of identifying and developing novel therapeutic approaches that could improve the lives of patients with immunological diseases. Additional funding from Moderna to Harvard Medical School (HMS) has established an initiative at HMS called the Alliance for RNA Therapies for the Modulation of the Immune System (ARTiMIS), which will enable basic science research in the field of immunology using Moderna’s mRNA and nanoparticle delivery technology.
Moderna appointed Tracey Franklin as Chief Human Resources Officer.
Moderna was named a top biopharmaceutical employer by Science for the fifth consecutive year.
The Company will host its Manufacturing and Digital Day on March 4, 2020 at its Norwood, MA facility.
The Company expects to end 2019 with approximately $1.20 billion in cash, cash equivalents and investments.
For 2019, the Company expects net cash used in operating activities and purchases of property and equipment to total approximately $500 million.
In 2020, the Company expects net cash used in operating activities and purchases of property and equipment to be similar to 2019, between $490 million and $510 million.
Third Quarter 2019 Financial Results
Cash Position: Cash, cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were $1.34 billion and $1.69 billion, respectively.
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities: Net cash used in operating activities was $363.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $239.8 million for the same period in 2018. Net cash used in operating activities includes $22.0 million and $25.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, of in-licensing payments to Cellscript, LLC and its affiliate, mRNA RiboTherapeutics, Inc., to sublicense certain patent rights. After the first quarter of 2019, we have no further in-licensing payment obligations to Cellscript and its affiliate.
Cash Used for Purchases of Property and Equipment: Cash used for purchases of property and equipment was $24.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $92.1 million for the same period in 2018.
Revenue: Total revenue was $17.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $41.8 million for the same period in 2018. Total revenue was $46.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $99.6 million for the same period in 2018. On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), using the modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2019. The total revenue decreases in 2019 were due to decreases in collaboration revenue across all our strategic alliances, particularly AstraZeneca and Merck, largely driven by our adoption of ASC 606. Total revenue under the previous revenue recognition standard would have been $24.7 million and $80.2 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses were $119.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $109.1 million for the same period in 2018. Research and development expenses were $378.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $303.7 million for the same period in 2018. The increases were primarily attributable to an increase in personnel related costs, including stock-based compensation, with additional increases for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 being driven by higher clinical trial and manufacturing costs, an increase in lab supplies and materials, and an increase in consulting and outside services.
General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses were $28.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $18.5 million for the same period in 2018. General and administrative expenses were $84.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $56.2 million for the same period in 2018. These increases were mainly due to the additional costs of operating as a publicly traded company, including an increase in personnel related costs and stock-based compensation, consulting and outside services, legal and insurance related costs.
Net Loss: Net loss was $123.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $80.3 million for the same period in 2018. Net loss was $390.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $243.3 million for the same period in 2018.
Investor Call and Webcast Information
Moderna will host a live conference call and webcast at 8:00 a.m. ET on Wednesday, November 6, 2019. To access the live conference call, please dial 866-922-5184 (domestic) or 409-937-8950 (international) and refer to conference ID 6287715. A webcast of the call will also be available under “Events and Presentations” in the Investors section of the Moderna website at https://investors.modernatx.com. The archived webcast will be available on Moderna’s website approximately two hours after the conference call and will be available for 30 days following the call.
Moderna is advancing messenger RNA (mRNA) science to create a new class of transformative medicines for patients. mRNA medicines are designed to direct the body’s cells to produce intracellular, membrane or secreted proteins that have a therapeutic or preventive benefit with the potential to address a broad spectrum of diseases. Moderna’s platform builds on continuous advances in basic and applied mRNA science, delivery technology and manufacturing, providing the Company the capability to pursue in parallel a robust pipeline of new development candidates. Moderna is developing therapeutics and vaccines for infectious diseases, immuno-oncology, rare diseases and cardiovascular diseases, independently and with strategic collaborators.
Headquartered in Cambridge, Mass., Moderna currently has strategic alliances for development programs with AstraZeneca, Plc. and Merck, Inc., as well as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a division of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Moderna has been named a top biopharmaceutical employer by Science for the past five years. To learn more, visit www.modernatx.com.
1Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF). Additional funding is subject to agreement on scope of additional projects.
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended including, but not limited to, statements concerning: initiating clinical trial sites outside of the U.S. for mRNA-3704; study start-up for mRNA-3927; anticipated commencement of a dose-confirmation Phase 2 study and planning for a pivotal Phase 3 study for mRNA-1647; the Company’s intent to expand its group of biopharmaceutical partners and bring in additional non-dilutive grant and government funding; the availability of additional funding from grants (including amounts not yet committed); the dosing of two additional cohorts in the near term for mRNA-1944; projected protection against chikungunya infection for at least sixteen weeks at the 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg doses of mRNA-1944; the Company’s expected cash, cash equivalents, and investments at December 31, 2019; and the Company’s expected net cash used in operating activities and purchases of property and equipment in 2019 and 2020. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “aims,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. The forward-looking statements in this press release are neither promises nor guarantees, and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, many of which are beyond Moderna’s control and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties, and other factors include, among others: whether the interim Phase 1 results for mRNA-1944 will be predictive of any future clinical studies for mRNA-1944 or other development candidates with the same LNP formulation, including mRNA-3704 and mRNA-3927; preclinical and clinical development is lengthy and uncertain, especially for a new class of medicines such as mRNA, and therefore our preclinical programs or development candidates may be delayed, terminated, or may never advance to or in the clinic; no mRNA drug has been approved in this new potential class of medicines, and may never be approved; mRNA drug development has substantial clinical development and regulatory risks due to the novel and unprecedented nature of this new class of medicines; despite having ongoing interactions with the FDA or other regulatory agencies, the FDA or such other regulatory agencies may not agree with our regulatory approval strategies, components of our or filings, such as clinical trial designs, conduct and methodologies, or the sufficiency of data submitted; and those risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Moderna’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and in subsequent filings made by Moderna with the SEC, which are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Except as required by law, Moderna disclaims any intention or responsibility for updating or revising any forward-looking statements contained in this press release in the event of new information, future developments or otherwise. These forward-looking statements are based on Moderna’s current expectations and speak only as of the date hereof.
MODERNA, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited, in thousands)
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Collaboration revenue
Grant revenue
Operating expenses:
Loss from operations
(130,857
(85,818
Other expense, net
Loss before income taxes
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS DATA
Cash, cash equivalents and investments
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Net cash used in operating activities
Purchases of property and equipment
Dan Budwick
Dan@1abmedia.com | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line552 |
__label__wiki | 0.744539 | 0.744539 | The Handbook of the Former Soviet Union
Jump down to see edition details for: Library
Publisher Millbrook Pr
Publication date September 1, 1997
Binding Library
Book category Juvenile Non-Fiction
Dimensions 0.75 by 6 by 9.50 in.
Availability§ Out of Print
Looks at the past, present, and future of all the newly independent nations of the former Soviet Union, with a chronology of events leading up to the fall of the Soviet Union (view table of contents)
Amazon.com description: Product Description: Looks at the past, present, and future of all the newly independent nations of the former Soviet Union, with a chronology of events leading up to the fall of the Soviet Union.
from Millbrook Pr (September 1, 1997)
About: Looks at the past, present, and future of all the newly independent nations of the former Soviet Union, with a chronology of events leading up to the fall of the Soviet Union | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line554 |
__label__cc | 0.619311 | 0.380689 | Through Trials to Triumph
Jesus: “I have said these things to you, that in me you may have peace. In the world you will have tribulation. But take heart; I have overcome the world.” John 16:33
The Stockdale Paradox is a concept that was popularized by Jim Collins in his book Good to Great. It was named after James Stockdale, former vice presidential candidate, naval officer and Vietnam prisoner of war. Stockdale explained this idea as the following: “You must never confuse faith that you will prevail in the end — which you can never afford to lose — with the discipline to confront the most brutal facts of your current reality, whatever they might be.”
He shared that his fellow prisoners who refused to deal with the painful realities of their confinement and thought that relief was just around the next corner most often became discouraged and defeated and eventually succumbed to the conditions of the prison.
Those who looked very realistically at their current situation–as grim as it was–and yet never gave up hope of ultimate deliverance, those are the ones who prevailed.
Stockdale said: “I never doubted not only that I would get out, but also that I would prevail in the end and turn the experience into the defining event of my life, which, in retrospect, I would not trade.”
James Stockdale was mirroring words spoken centuries earlier by the Savior. Jesus told his followers the way to peace: Accept that in this world you will have tribulation. At the same time: …take heart; I have overcome the world.
We do not need to deny reality to exercise faith! A great example is Abraham–childless at an old age, yet believing God’s promise that he would be the father of many nations.
He did not weaken in faith when he considered his own body, which was as good as dead (since he was about a hundred years old), or when he considered the barrenness of Sarah’s womb. No unbelief made him waver concerning the promise of God, but he grew strong in his faith as he gave glory to God, fully convinced that God was able to do what he had promised. (Romans 4:19-21)
So do not be afraid of the hard facts of COVID-19, but hear them with faith. Remember the words of Jesus: In the world you will have tribulation. But take heart; I have overcome the world.
The passage from Scripture for this Sunday includes these words, “…casting all your anxieties on him, because he cares for you.”
Timely truth for trying times. We continue to live streaming again this Sunday. You may view on Facebook or our webpage anytime after 9:00AM. Click here
Thanks to all who are giving sacrificially at this time so the ministry can thrive. The church building is closed, but the church of Jesus Christ is advancing and prevailing!
God’s grace to you,
Pastor Mike
Surrounded By God
Casting Cares Away | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line557 |
__label__wiki | 0.757048 | 0.757048 | Last edited by Fenrijin
2 edition of public career of John Adams, 1770-1776. found in the catalog.
public career of John Adams, 1770-1776.
D. Donald Fiorillo
by D. Donald Fiorillo
Published 1949 .
Pagination ii, 75 leaves ;
The result topped The New York Times bestseller list from the week it went on sale, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography. McCullough continued to explore the events and personalities of the revolutionary era in In the process of writing the book, David McCullough was so interested in researching more on John :// On this day in , 50 years after the Declaration of Independence was adopted in Philadelphia, John Adams died at home in Braintree. One of the great men of the Revolutionary generation and the second president of the United States, Adams was 91 years old. Shortly before he breathed his last, John Adams
Adams’s elevation to the presidency in was the culmination of a long public career dedicated to the American cause. Unfortunately, the new president inherited two intractable problems from George Washington: an intense ideological party conflict between Federalists and Republicans, and hostile relations with an increasingly belligerent JOHN ADAMS, Son of John and Susanna [Boylston] Adams, Second President of the United States. Born 30th October On the fourth of July He pledged his Life, Fortune and Sacred Honour To the INDEPENDENCE OF HIS COUNTRY. On the third of September He affixed his Seal to the definitive Treaty with Great Britain Which acknowledged that
John Adams Sr. (February 8, – ) was a British colonial farmer and minister. He was the father of the second U.S. President, John Adams Jr., and grandfather of the sixth President, John Quincy Adams. He was the son of Joseph Adams Jr. (–), the grandson of Joseph Adams Sr. (), and the great-grandson of Henry Adams, who emigrated from Braintree, Essex, in Get this from a library! Abigail Adams: [a life]. [Woody Holton] -- Woody Holton (National Book Award finalist for Unruly Americans and the Origins of the Constitution) reveals that American icon Abigail Adams was far wiser and wilier than previously known. "In
Parliament and administrative agencies
The origin of species by means of natural selection,
Canadian Indian
[Dr. Jorge E. Boyds open letter to President Porras refuting Bunau-Varillas book with regards to the independence of Panama.
evolution ofthe rural land use pattern in Cyprus
Childrens Edition of Touching Incidents and Remarkable Answers to Prayer
Report of activities 2001 : Resident Geologist Program : Timmins regional resident geologist report : Timmins and Sault Ste. Marie districts / by B.T. Atkinson [and others]
Three assault landings
The End of Sorrow
Hawaiians of Old Workbook II
Valued less than a milk tin
Some aspects of ambulatory care under medicaid in New York City
Gnaw-wood, or, New England life in a village
forest in trust
Locally convex spaces over non-Archimedean valued fields
Foundations of lodging management
Soviet activities in Cuba ...
Story Street (LILA)
South Fork of the Salmon River appendix for the Payette and Boise National Forests proposed land and resource management plans
Public career of John Adams, 1770-1776 by D. Donald Fiorillo Download PDF EPUB FB2
To view PDFs. Back to Index of Legal Reports. As noted in the HBO mini-series chronicling the life and career of 1770-1776. book Adams (), as a young lawyer the future president served as counsel for the defense in the trial of eight British soldiers accused of murder during a riot in Boston on March 5, This book's foundation is the record left by Adams himself-- in diaries, letters, essays, pamphlets, and books.
The Education of John Adams concludes by re-examining the often-debated question of the relevance of Adams's thought to our own › Books › Biographies & Memoirs › Leaders & Notable People.
John Adams’s Diary, partially published in the s, has proved a quarry of information on the rise of Revolutionary resistance in New England, the debates in the early Continental Congresses, and the diplomacy and financing of the American Revolution; but it has remained unfamiliar to the wider public.“It is an American classic,” Zoltán Haraszti said recently, “about which Americans ?isbn= John Adams received increased public appreciation through David McCollough's Pulitzer-Prize winning biography.
McCollough's excellent book explored Adams's personal life and political career much more than the political writings that Ryerson considers in detail in this › Books › Biographies & Memoirs › Leaders & Notable People. John Adams was born on Octo to John and Susanna Boylston Adams, Sr.
in Massachusetts. Adams had a good education and entered Harvard College at the age of public career of John Adams. John Adams worked hard and eventually became a lawyer. He had already developed the habit of describing events and impressions of men in the diary he With the publication of JOHN ADAMS, David McCullough has reassembled the players, provided the historical stage and compiled a voluminous biography that sheds welcome light on both the politician and the man.
As McCullough points out, Adams may have been a reluctant politician who preferred home and family to the hectic life of public :// John Adams was present for the whole trial. Adams thought that Otis rose like a flame of fire. By the end of the trial, Adams was ready to join the Patriot's cause.
Later that year, John's father passed away. With his father's passing, John gained a place in the Braintree Town Meeting. This was the beginning of John's political ().php. John Adams: Revolutionary Writings, (Library of America, No.
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John Adams was not very popular during his public career. Some people liked him, but mostly people hated him. This is a failure because if you are the President of the US, people should like and respect you.
Share Share Adams would rather avoid a war with France than make his party happy. This is a feat because he did not want to Here are a few fascinating facts about one Founder who did nearly everything for his country during a long, distinguished public career.
Adams was a school teacher, briefly, before being called to other duties. Adams entered Harvard at the age of 15, and he later taught Latin in Worcester, Massachusetts, to earn the tuition fees for law The enthralling, often surprising story of John Adams, one of the most important and fascinating Americans who ever lived.
In this powerful, epic biography, David McCullough unfolds the adventurous life-journey of John Adams, the brilliant, fiercely independent, often irascible, always honest Yankee patriot -- "the colossus of independence," as Thomas Jefferson called him - By earlyas this latest volume of the award-winning series Adams Family Correspondence opens, John and Abigail Adams, anticipating a quiet retirement from government in Massachusetts, were quickly pulled back into the public sphere by John’s election as the first vice president under the new their characteristic candor, the Adamses thoughtfully observe the world ?cpk= John Adams would go on to become a highly respected lawyer.
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Credits John Adams As a result, for all but a few exceptional years during Adams's long public career, he and Abigail lived dutifully but miserably apart.
In fact, McCullough is able to tell the extraordinary love story that threads through ''John Adams'' because the couple had so often to communicate through letters, which they :// John Adams retired from public life to his farm in Quincy. He died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, For more information about the Adamses and an extended biography of John Adams, please visit The Adams Papers on the MHS :// John Adams seems to be the "forgotten" founding father, taking a backseat to Washington and Jefferson.
I had never read much of anything about John Adams and his role in America's founding and early history and after reading this book I have a new appreciation for what a major contributor John A. :// David McCullough has twice received the Pulitzer Prize, for Truman and John Adams, and twice received the National Book Award, for The Path Between the Seas and Mornings on Horseback.
His other acclaimed books include The Johnstown Flood, The Great Bridge, Brave Companions,The Greater Journey, The American Spirit, and The Wright › Books › Biographies & Memoirs › Leaders & Notable People.
Chiefly correspondence of John Quincy Adams. Also includes correspondence and other papers of Abigail Adams, Charles Francis Adams (), Charles Francis Adams (), Henry Adams, John Adams, Louisa Catherine Adams, Samuel Adams.
Includes Henry Adams' address to the American Historical Association in a letter dated to Herbert B. :// All letters from Abigail to John ( files) All letters from John to Abigail ( files) Diaries of John Adams.
Sorted by number (51 files) Sorted by date (51 files) Autobiography of John Adams. Part 1, "John Adams," through (53 files) Part 2, "Travels, and Negotiations," (37 files) Part 3, "Peace," (18 files). In John Adams was a young lawyer, readily accepting whatever cases came his way.
He represented tax cheats and debtors, defended the well-known smuggler John Hancock and a Scottish seaman being sued by Paul Revere for “enticing and seducing” the silversmith’s :// benefits from Roundabout’s Musical Production Fund with lead gifts from The Howard Gilman Foundation, the Horace W.
Goldsmith Foundation, Michael Kors and Lance Le Pere, Diane and Tom Tuft, and Cynthia C. Wainwright and Stephen BergerAbigail Adams, John Adams, L. H. Butterfield, Marc Friedlaender, Mary-Jo Kline (). “The Book of Abigail and John: Selected Letters of the Adams Family, ”, p, UPNE 49 Copy quote
allmusictrends.com - Public career of John Adams, 1770-1776. book © 2020 | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line559 |
__label__wiki | 0.918123 | 0.918123 | An Integrated Project Bibliography
Adrian S. Wisnicki and Megan Ward, Beta version: 2016, First edition: 2017
Cite page (MLA): Wisnicki, Adrian S., and Megan Ward. "Glossary of Key Terms in Livingstone's Manuscripts, 1870-71." Livingstone Online. Adrian S. Wisnicki and Megan Ward, dirs. University of Maryland Libraries, 2017. Web. http://livingstoneonline.org/uuid/node/749fac17-d2c6-49e7-bfed-0aca417379b5.
This page offers a glossary of the people, groups, places, and geographical features cited in the Livingstone manuscripts (1870-71) imaged by the Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project. It serves as an integrated reference that complements our project’s annotated transcriptions of these same manuscripts.
People and Groups
1. Individuals
2. African Ethnic Groups
3. Other Groups, Collectives, Organizations
Places and Features
1. Settlements
2. Regions
3. Geographical Features
Introduction Top ⤴
Livingstone refers to many African locations and geographical features, as well as numbers of African, Arab, and Indian names – sometimes spelled phonetically or with multiple variants. In order to make these references more easily interpretable, we have compiled an extensive glossary of the people, groups, places, and features cited in the manuscripts imaged by the Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project.
Livingstone composed his 1870 and 1871 manuscripts mainly in two locations, the small central African villages of Bambarre (1870-71) and Nyangwe (1871). The references in his manuscripts, however, illustrate the complex, multicultural array of people who influenced Livingstone's ideas and writings during this period and reveal the wide span of geographical information, often collected from African and Arab travelers and traders, to which Livingstone had access.
Pilkington-Jackson, "Last Journey," 1929, details. Copyright Angela Aliff. May not be reproduced without the express written consent of the National Trust for Scotland, on behalf of the Scottish National Memorial to David Livingstone Trust. Although often stylized or abstracted, such representations of Livingstone's African companions can help fill the gap when no other images exist. When coupled with critical text or first-hand information drawn from Livingstone's manuscripts, the representations also help convey a sense of the many historically-silenced individuals who supported Livingstone's travels.
A range of the villages mentioned by Livingstone no longer exist and many of the African and Arab individuals remain unknown except for the details provided by Livingstone himself. As a result, the glossary offers a window onto the unique, otherwise unavailable geographical information that circulated during Livingstone's time in central Africa and enumerates the names of people that might otherwise be lost to history.
To compile this glossary, we have drawn on a combination of sources, including Clendennan and Cunningham's Catalogue (1979, 1985), the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2016), Lipschutz and Rasmussen's Dictionary of African Historical Biography (1986), Wikipedia, Simpson’s Dark Companions (1975), the Livingstone biographies of Jeal (1974, 2013) and Ross (2002), and Livingstone's manuscripts themselves.
David Livingstone, Map of Central African Lakes, [1869], detail. Copyright National Library of Scotland. Creative Commons Share-alike 2.5 UK: Scotland. As relevant, copyright Dr. Neil Imray Livingstone Wilson. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported. The map shows the fictitious Lake Chibungo or Lake Lincoln, which Livingstone places west of Lubaland (Rua) based on information gathered from Arab and African travelers and traders.
We provide all the entries below as tooltips (i.e., mouseover popup boxes) in the transcriptions that accompany our natural light and spectral images of the 1870 and 1871 manuscripts. The glossary, therefore, represents an added reference that users may consult (in another browser tab, for instance) when studying our images and transcriptions of the manuscripts.
Note: The glossary below is comprehensive, but not exhaustive. We do not cite every individual and geographical entity mentioned by Livingstone in the 1870 and 1871 manuscripts, since in some cases no information is available, even from contextual clues.
Additional note: The authors wish to acknoweldge the assistance of Jared McDonald and Justin Livingstone in creating this page.
Individuals Top ⤴
Aaron - Biblical prophet. Older brother of Moses and son of Abraham.
Abdullah Masudi - Arab trader.
Abdullah - Arab trader.
Abed - Arab trader, and one of the first Arab settlers in Nyangwe. Assisted Livingstone's travels; produced the Zingifure ink with which Livingstone wrote the 1871 Field Diary.
Abraham - One of three Biblical patriarchs.
Abram - One of a group of men from a government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik (spelled "Nassick" by Livingstone), India who accompanied Livingstone on his last journey.
Absalom - Third son of David, the king of Israel, in the Old Testament.
Achilles - In Greek mythology, hero of the Trojan war and a main character of Homer's Iliad.
Adams, Henry Gardiner - Author of Dr. Livingston [sic]: His Life and Adventures in the Interior of South Africa (1857), a book based on Livingstone's letters regarding his transcontinental African journey. Also wrote David Livingstone: The Weaver Boy who Became a Missionary (1874).
Adie - Arab trader.
Amoda, Hamoydah - African who assisted Livingstone on the Zambezi Expedition, was taken to India, then returned with Livingstone for the final expedition.
Amur - Arab trader originally from Muscat.
Argyll, The Duke of (1823-1900) - George Douglas Campbell. Succeeded to the title in 1847. A Liberal. Held several Government posts. The First Gladstone Ministry (1868-74) came into power in December 1868, with Argyll as the Secretary of State for India.
Arrowsmith, John (1790-1873) - Cartographer and map publisher. Founding fellow of the Royal Geographical Society in 1830 and member of the Society's council from 1851 to 1868. His interest in exploration and discovery coupled with his skill in converting rough sketch maps of explorers into professionally published maps led to a significant body of cartographical contributions to the Society's publications.
Awathe - Arab trader, dispatched with Shereef Bosher from the coast in 1869 by Ludha Damji, "the richest Banian in Zanzibar," to supply Livingstone with goods and men.
Baines, Thomas (1820-1875) - Appointed artist-storekeeper to the Zambezi Expedition. Dismissed by Livingstone for the misuse of government property. Journeyed to Victoria Falls with James Chapman. Published first paintings of the Falls in 1865.
Baker, Florence (1841-1916) - Explorer. Born in the Austrian Empire, she was purchased at a Bulgarian slave market by her future husband Samuel W. Baker in 1859. In 1864, she and Samuel became the first Europeans to visit present-day Lake Albert, one of the most important central African lakes.
Baker, Samuel W. (1821-1893) - Explorer and hunter. In 1864, he and his wife Florence Baker became the first Europeans to visit present-day Lake Albert, one of the most important central African lakes. On a subsequent expedition to the region (1869-73), served as Governor-General of the Equatorial Nile Basin.
Baldwin, William C. - Individual based in Natal, who found the missionary Holloway Helmore and his family in the desert en route to Linyanti in 1859 and assisted them.
Bell, Bessie - Reference uncertain. Bessie Bell and Mary Gray are the heroines of an eponymous Scottish ballad collected in English and Scottish Ballads (1860), a well-known anthology created by Francis James Child.
Bin Mbegu - Arab trader.
Bin Omar - Arab trader.
Black, ? - Apparently an agent of the P & O Company (Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company), a British shipping company. This may be the "W. Black" to whom Livingstone wrote a letter on 15 November 1871.
Bleek, Wilhelm H.I. (1827-1875) - German philologist who specialized in South African languages. Settled in Cape Town in 1856 and was appointed by Sir George Grey as interpreter in 1857 and librarian of his collection in 1860.
Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon (1808-1873) - Also Napoleon III. President (r.1848–52) of the French Second Republic and Emperor (1852–70) of the Second French Empire.
Bosher, Shereef - Arab trader. Dispatched from the coast in 1869 by Ludha Damji, a very rich Banian from Zanzibar, to supply Livingstone with goods and men, then spent fourteen months on the journey to Ujiji, while systematically plundering Livingstone of his goods.
Braithwaite, Joseph B. (1818-1905) - Barrister and member of the Society of Friends whom Livingstone met in 1857 and corresponded with for the rest of his life. Was a friend of the Moffats, Livingstone's in-laws.
Brava - Arab trader.
Bright, John (1811-1899) - Politician. The First Gladstone Ministry (1868-74) came into power in December 1868 with John Bright serving as the President of the Board of Trade.
Burton, Richard F. (1821-1890) - Explorer, writer, translator. Made a famous expedition to Mecca in disguise in 1853. Led an expedition (1856-59) that resulted in the first sighting of Lake Tanganyika by Europeans. However, John H. Speke's discovery of Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile, on that same expedition led to a bitter public dispute that ultimately derailed the overall trajectory of Burton's later career.
Chakanja - One of the "ringleaders" of a rebellious group of liberated Banian slaves hired by John Kirk, the acting British Consul and Political Resident at Zanzibar, to assist Livingstone.
Charura - African chief.
Chassa - African chief.
Chimembwe - African chief.
Chipange - African chief.
Chuma, James (c.1850-1882) - Member of the Yao tribe and freed slave. Travelled with Livingstone until the latter's death, then accompanied Livingstone's body back to Britain where he helped edit the Last Journals (1874).
Chunda - African chief.
Clarendon, The Earl of (1800-1870) - George William Frederick Villiers. Foreign Secretary 1853-58, 1865-66, and 1868-70. Involved in both Livingstone's Zambezi and final expeditions. Livingstone gave his name to Mount Clarendon, east of the Shire River.
Cooley, William D. (1795[?]-1883) - Geographer and founder of the Hakluyt Society. Early work on mapping the African interior (via classical sources and contemporary accounts) built his reputation as a geographical authority. Later critiques of explorers transformed him into one of the most notorious "armchair geographers" of his day.
d'Arnauld, Joseph-Pons (1811-1884) - French explorer and geographer. With Louis Sabatier and Ferdinand Werne, navigated the White Nile to 4° 42' in 1841.
Dambo - African chief.
Damji, Ludha (?-1871) - Wealthy Banian customs collector and slave trader based in Zanzibar. Livingstone blamed him for supplying all the guns and gunpowder of Tagamoio, the chief perpetrator of the massacre at Nyangwe in 1871.
De Bono, Andrea (1821-1871) - Maltese explorer. Known for his exploration of the sources of the White Nile.
Dugumbe - Also Molembalemba. Arab trader. His followers were the main instigators of the Nyangwe massacre in 1871.
Frere, H. Bartle E. (1815-1884) - Colonial administrator. Entered the Bombay Civil Service in 1834. Went to Zanzibar in 1872 to negotiate the suppression of the slave trade. Governor of Bombay 1862-67. President of Royal Geographical Society 1873-74.
Fungafunga - African of the Nyamwezi tribe.
Garahenga - Also Kimamure. African chief. Descendant of Charura. Son of Moenyegumbe.
Gardner, Edward (?-1874) - One of a group of men from a government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik (spelled "Nassick" by Livingstone), India who accompanied Livingstone on his last journey. Later also accompanied Henry M. Stanley.
Ghamees - One of Livingstone's porters.
Goambari - African person.
Grant, James A. (1827-1892) - Officer in the Indian Army. Was seconded to John H. Speke's second African expedition, 1860-63, which sought to confirm the source of the Nile.
Gray, Jeannie - Reference uncertain. Bessie Bell and Mary Gray are the heroines of an eponymous Scottish ballad collected in English and Scottish Ballads (1860), a well-known anthology created by Francis James Child.
Halzani - African trader.
Ham - One of Noah's three sons in the Old Testament.
Hamilton, James (1814-1867) - Minister of Regent Square Presbyterian Church, London 1841-67. Editor of Evangelical Christendom 1864-67. Livingstone attended his church and stayed at his house in 1865, and contributed a paper to his periodical.
Hassani - Arab trader, and one of the first Arab settlers in Nyangwe. Known locally in Nyangwe for his violence and suspected by Livingstone of stirring up the latter's Banian followers to rebellion.
Helmore, Holloway (1815-1860) - Missionary. Sent with his family by the London Missionary Society at the behest of Livingstone, to settle among the Makololo at Linyanti (in present-day Namibia), where he and much of his family died in 1860. Livingstone grieved at the deaths and, indeed, in some quarters was held responsible.
Herodotus (c.484-c.425 BC) - Ancient Greek traveler and historian, known for his History, which chronicles the origins of the Greco-Persian wars.
Hunter, John (1728-1793) - Celebrated surgeon and anatomist, whose collection of medical specimens became the basis of the eponymous Hunterian Museum.
Ibram - One of a group of men from a government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik (spelled "Nassick" by Livingstone), India who accompanied Livingstone on his last journey.
Isaiah - Biblical prophet, documented in the Book of Isaiah.
Isana - African chief.
Ismai'il (1830-1995) - Also Ishmael. Khedive of Egypt and Sudan (r.1863-79). Oversaw building of Egyptian portion of Suez Canal.
James - One of Livingstone's porters, killed in February 1871.
Jangeonge - Arab trader.
Jesus - Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth. The central figure of Christianity.
Jethro - Also Reuel. Father-in-law of Moses in the Bible.
Jomard, Edme-François (1777-1862) - Cartographer, engineer, and archaeologist. Under Napoleon, edited the monumental Description of Egypt (1809-29).
Josuf - Arab trader.
Jowett, Benjamin (1817-1893) - Master of Balliol College, University of Oxford.
Juma - One of the "ringleaders" of a rebellious group of liberated Banian slaves hired by John Kirk, the acting British Consul and Political Resident at Zanzibar, to assist Livingstone.
Kabobo - African person.
Kahemba - African chief.
Kalenga - Also Karenga. African chief of an unknown village near Nyangwe, possibly of the Bagenya people. Livingstone failed to negotiate with Kalenga for the purchase of a canoe in May and June 1871, and ultimately sent his followers to flog Kalenga although the latter fled.
Kama - African chief.
Kamaal, Musa - One of the liberated Banian slaves hired by John Kirk, the acting British Consul and Political Resident at Zanzibar, to transport goods for Livingstone. Detained by Syde bin Salem Burashid, the governor ("Lewale") or trade agent of Unyanyembe, so the goods could be plundered by Musa bin Salem, the governor's slave.
Kandahara - African chief; brother of Moenekuss, chief of Bambarre.
Kansari - Member of the Bagenya tribe under Kimburu.
Kasessa - African chief.
Kasongo - Chief of a strategically important African village on the Lualaba River. During the period in question, developed friendly relations with Arab traders and began to employ Arab methods of violence against other local African populations.
Katenga - African chief.
Katomba - Also known as Moenemokaia. Arab trader based at Mamohela. Brother of Moeneghere.
Kayingere - African chief.
Kazembe VIII - Chief of the Lunda (r. 1862-68), whom Livingstone visited at the former's capital Kanyembo (in present-day northern Zambia) in 1867 and again in 1868. On the latter visit, the chief provided Livingstone with key geographical information about the Congo river system.
Keturah - Abraham's concubine in the Bible.
Kimamure - African person also known as Garahenga.
Kimburu - Also Chimburu. African chief of the Bagenya people. His attempt to form an alliance with Manilla, an African slave, helped incite the Nyangwe massacre.
Kinnaird, Lord (1807-1878) - George William Fox Kinnaird. Agricultural reformer and philanthropist, concerned with the conditions of laborers.
Kirk, John (1832-1922) - Doctor, naturalist, political agent. Served as Livingstone's chief assistant during the Zambezi Expedition. Appointed Surgeon to the British Agency in Zanzibar in 1865. During the period in question, was acting Consul and Political Resident at Zanzibar
Kurbelosi or Kurbelori - African chief.
Lazarus - Lazarus of Bethany (brother of Martha and Mary). Said to be raised from the dead by Jesus in the Gospel of John.
Linant de Bellefonds, Louis Maurice Adolphe (1799-1883) - Explorer and chief engineer of the Suez Canal. In 1827, traveled up the White Nile to about 13° N.
Lincoln, Abraham (1809-1865) - Sixteenth president of the United States. Known for abolishing slavery in the U.S. by signing the Emancipation Proclamation.
Livingstone, Agnes (1847-1912) - Eldest daughter of David Livingstone. Went to England with her mother in 1852, accompanied her father in 1864-65. Was one of Livingstone's most engaged correspondents and transcribed some of his manuscripts, including the 1870 Field Diary.
Livingstone, Charles (1821-1873) - Brother of David Livingstone. Educated at Oberlin College, Ohio 1840-47, and Union Theological Seminary, New York 1847-49. David's assistant on the Zambezi Expedition.
Livingstone, David (1813-1873) - Famous Victorian explorer, missionary, and abolitionist. Renowned for his travels across Africa and extensive manuscript corpus.
Livingstone, John (1811-1899) - Brother of David Livingstone. Emigrated to Canada, where after some years he settled as a farmer at Listowel, Ontario.
Livingstone, Thomas S. (1849-1876) - Second son of David Livingstone. Went to England with his mother in 1852. Lived in Egypt for the benefit of his health.
Lomadyo - African headman of the Malobo tribe.
Lowell, James Russell (1819-1891) - American Romantic poet, associated with the Fireside Poets. Interested in poetry as a vehicle of reform, particularly for the cause of abolition.
Luambo - African chief.
Luapanga - Chief of the Bahika tribe.
Luther, Martin (1483-1546) - German theologian of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and a key figure of the Protestant Reformation.
Mackenzie, Charles F. (1825-1862) - Chosen to lead the Universities' Mission to central Africa. Consecrated Bishop of Central Africa in Cape Town 1861. Died in 1862 of fever at the confluence of the Ruo and Shire Rivers. In some quarters, Livingstone was held responsible for his death.
Maclear, Thomas (1794-1879) - Astronomer of the Royal Observatory at Cape Town. Met Livingstone in 1852, became a close friend. Thereafter Livingstone depended on him to check his observations. Livingstone named Cape Maclear after him.
Makoa - African person.
Mamea - Reference uncertain. Possibly a Banian customs collector and/or slave trader.
Mangala - African chief.
Mangara - African chief.
Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sayedd (1834/35-1870) - Son of Said ibn Sultan, the first Omani ruler of Zanzibar, and himself Sultan of Zanzibar 1856-70. Helped develop a far-ranging empire in east Africa, including a well-developed slave trading network.
Manilla - Slave of Syde bin Habib, a well known Arab trader whom Livingstone had met at Linyati in 1853 and again in 1868-69 in central Africa. The Arabs of Nyangwe claimed to have started the Nyangwe massacre as retaliation for Manilla's efforts to form an alliance with Chimburu, an African chief residing near Nyangwe.
Marbruki (also possibly Nathaniel Cumba) - One of a group of men from a government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik (spelled "Nassick" by Livingstone), India who accompanied Livingstone on his last journey.
Martha - Martha of Bethany (sister of Lazarus and Mary). Witness to Lazarus's resurrection by Jesus in the Gospel of John.
Mary - Mary of Bethany (sister of Lazarus and Martha). Witness to Lazarus's resurrection by Jesus in the Gospel of John.
Mashenebe - African chief.
Masudi - One of Livingstone's porters.
Matereka - Arab trader based in Kasongo.
Matiamvo - The paramount chief of the Lunda kingdom.
Mbarawa - Arab trader.
Meller, Charles J. (1836-1869) - Surgeon of the "Pioneer." Served in the Zambezi region 1861-63. Was Vice-Consul in Madagascar 1865-66, and was associated with botanical gardens in Mauritius and Queensland.
Merere - Also Mamerere. African chief who resisted Arab encroachment into central Africa. Descendant of Charura.
Merikano, Juma - Arab trader.
Merr - Foster-mother of Moses in the Bible.
Midian - Herdsman and child of Abraham and Keturah in the Bible.
Minerva - Ancient goddess whom the Romans equated with the Greek goddess Athena. Her secretary (or scribe) met the ancient Greek historian Herodotus in the city of Sais and provided the latter with a variety of geographical details related to the source of the Nile.
Miriam - Older sister of Moses and Aaron in the Bible.
Mketo - African chief.
Moamba - African chief.
Moeneghere - Arab trader. Brother of Moenemokaia (a.k.a. Katomba).
Moenekurumbo - African chief.
Moenekuss - Chief of Bambarre and, according to Livingstone, the most influential chief in the Manyema region.
Moenembag - Older son of Moenekuss, chief of Bambarre.
Moenemgoi - Chief of Luamo; married to sister of Moenekuss, chief of Bambarre.
Moenemgoi - Younger son of Moenekuss; chief of Bambarre when Livingstone composed the 1870 Field Diary.
Moenemgunga - African chief.
Moenemokia - African chief.
Moenendeba - African chief.
Moenenyun - African chief.
Moeneokila - Arab trader.
Moenepembe - Arab trader.
Moenyeghere - Arab trader.
Moenyegumbe - African chief. Descendant of Charura. Father of Mogandira and Garahenga.
Moenyempande - African chief.
Mogandira - African chief. Descendant of Charura. Son of Moenyegumbe. Died after one year of rule.
Mokadam, Salem - Arab trader.
Mokandira - Also Mokandirwa or Moene Lualaba. African chief of Nyangwe.
Mokasi - African chief. Descendant of Charura.
Mokhosi - African person.
Monamyembo - African chief.
Monandewa - African chief.
Monasimba - African person.
Monyungo - African chief.
Moses - Biblical prophet. Brother of Aaron and son of Abraham.
Mosielele - African chief whom Livingstone attempt to convert during his earliest efforts as a missionary.
Mpunzo - African chief of the Ñoñgo.
Mpweto - African chief.
Msenga - African chief.
Muanambongo - African chief.
Muhamad bin Abdullah - Vizier ("Wuzeer") of Zanzibar.
Muhamad bin Saleh - Arab trader based at Ujiji who assisted Livingstone in his travels.
Muhamad Bogharib - Liberated Swahili slave turned trader, with whom Livingstone had previously travelled in 1867-68. Although known locally in central Africa for the violence of his followers, Bogharib assisted Livingstone and treated him kindly.
Muhamad (570-632) - Prophet and founder of Islam.
Munanbunda - African chief.
Murchison, Charlotte (?-1869) - Geologist. Wife and intellectual partner of Roderick Murchison, geologist and president of the Royal Geographical Society.
Murchison, Roderick I. (1792-1871) - Famous geologist and president of the Royal Geographical Society 1843-45, 1851-53, 1856-59 and 1862-71. Met Livingstone in 1856, and they became close friends.
Murray, James - Foreign Office official. Drew up a set of instructions dated 28 March 1865 and signed by Lord John Russell that denied Livingstone a salary and pension for his honorary consulship. Livingstone found the wording of the instructions offensive, carried a grudge to the end of his life, and held Murray responsible.
Murray, John III (1808-1892) - Son of the founder of John Murray, Publisher. Was Livingstone's publisher and adviser.
Musa bin Salem - Baluchi slave of Syde bin Salem Burashid, the governor ("Lewale") or trade agent of Unyanyembe. Apparently defrauded Livingstone of some portion of goods sent from the coast.
Musa - Leader of a group of ten men from Johanna (Anjouan), Comoros, who accompanied Livingstone during his last journey.
Mutesa - Ruler of Buganda (r.1857-84). During his second expedition to Africa (1860-63), John H. Speke stayed at Mutesa’s court from early to mid 1862.
Nasangwa - African chief.
Nero (54-68) - Nero Caesar Augustus. Fifth emperor of the Roman empire.
Nsama - African chief.
Oswell, William C. (1818-1893) - Explorer and hunter. Met Livingstone in South Africa in 1845, and travelled with him 1849-51. Remained close friends.
Owen, Richard (1804-1892) - Anatomist and naturalist. Taught Livingstone in 1840. Conservator of the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England 1827-56. Professor of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology 1836-56. Superintendent of the British Museum 1856-83. Knighted 1884.
Palmerston, Lord (1784-1865) - Henry John Temple. Foreign Secretary 1830-41, 1846-51. Prime Minister 1859-65. Livingstone was in agreement with his anti-slavery policies.
Plato (428/27 or 424/23-348/47 BC) - Classical Greek philosopher. Pupil of Socrates.
Playfair, Robert L. (1828-1899) - Lieutenant Colonel in the Madras army. Consul at Zanzibar, and for Algeria 1867-96. Knighted 1886.
Posho - African of the Nyamwezi tribe.
Price - One of a group of men from a government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik (spelled "Nassick" by Livingstone), India who accompanied Livingstone on his last journey.
Ptolemy (c.100-c.170) - Greco-Egyptian writer and geographer; Livingstone depended on his information about the source of the Nile.
Pusey, Edward B. (1800-1882) - Church of England clergyman and theologian.
Pyanamomba - African chief of the Bagenya tribe. Related to Kimburu (a.k.a. Chimburu), whose actions helped incite the Nyangwe massacre.
Rae, George (1831-1865) - Appointed engineer to the Zambezi Expedition in February 1858, until 1864. Went into business in Zanzibar, but died prematurely in Glasgow a year later.
Ramadan - Arab trader.
Rashid - Arab trader.
Reade, Winwoode (1838-1875) - Traveller and novelist. Known in the 1860s for his travels in west Africa.
Reuel - Also Jethro. Father-in-law of Moses in the Bible.
Russell, Lord John (1792-1878) - Member of Parliament and leader of the Whigs. Created Earl Russell 1861.
Sabatier, Louis - French explorer. With Joseph-Pons d'Arnauld and Ferdinand Werne, navigated the White Nile to 4° 42' in 1841.
Salem - Arab trader.
Salem - One of Livingstone's porters.
Saul - First king of the united kingdom of Israel and Judah in the Hebrew bible.
Sebituane (c.1790/1800-1851) - Leader of the Makololo. Displaced with the Makololo from southern Africa during the Mfecane in the 1820s, eventually settling in the Zambezi Valley in the 1840s where the Makololo conquered the local Lozi. Died shortly after meeting Livingstone in 1851, when the Kololo state was at the height of its power.
Sechele (c.1810-1892) - Leader of the Bakwena. Built power and prestige by trading with visiting Europeans and extending trading routes. Converted to Christianity soon after Livingstone arrived among the Bakwena in 1846. Became an important figure in the Christianisation of southern Africa. Also instrumental in the formation of the Bechuanaland Protectorate and in contesting the efforts of Transvaal Boers to appropriate his lands.
Secretary of Minerva - Individual whom the ancient Greek traveler and historian Herodotus visited in the city of Sais and who provided Herodotus with a variety of geographical details related to the source of the Nile.
Sekeletu (c.1835-1863) - Chief of the Makololo, son of Sebituane. Supported Livingstone’s transcontinental expedition (1852-56) in the hope of extending his trade routes and authority. A London Missionary Society mission to the Makololo in the 1860s resulted in the majority of the members dying from fever, with Sekeletu wrongly suspected of having poisoned the party.
Seward, George E. (?-1909) - Assistant Surgeon in the Bombay establishment 1855. Served as Agency Surgeon, Acting Political Agent, and Acting Consul in Zanzibar, where Livingstone met him in 1864. Retired in 1884.
Seyed Suleiman - Arab governor ("Lewale") of Zanzibar.
Sheikh bin Nassib - Arab trader.
Sheikh Suleiman - Arab trader.
Sicard, Tito Augosto d"Araujo (?-1864) - Portuguese Commandant of Tete up to 1859. Commandant of Mazaro and the Shire 1862-64. Temporary Governor of Quilimane.
Simon - One of a group of men from a government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik (spelled "Nassick" by Livingstone), India who accompanied Livingstone on his last journey.
Solomon - Biblical King of Israel and son of David.
Speke, John H. (1827-1864) - Explorer. In 1858, became the first European to visit present-day Lake Victoria, which he claimed (correctly), but could not prove was the mythical source of the Nile. Led a second expedition to the lake in 1860-63, which also failed to establish his claim definitively. Died on the eve of major public debate with his rival Richard F. Burton.
St. John - Author of the book of Revelation in the Bible.
St. Patrick - Fifth-century Christian missionary in Ireland. Primary patron saint of Ireland.
St. Paul (c.5-c.67) - Apostle of the New Testament and one of the main proponents of early Christianity.
St. Stephen - First martyr of Christianity. Mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament.
Stanley, Lord (1826-1893) - Edward Henry Stanley. Succeeded as 15th Earl of Derby in 1869. Conservative politician, inter alia Foreign Secretary 1866-68.
Stearns, William F. (1834-1874) - Merchant from Massachusetts. Partner of Stearns, Hobart and Co. in Bombay 1857-68. Livingstone met him on board ship in 1865 and lived in his house for much of his stay in Bombay.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher (1811-1896) - Abolitionist and author best known for Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852).
Suleiman bin Ali - Arab trader.
Suleiman bin Juma - Arab trader.
Sunna (1820-1856) - Ruler of Buganda (r. 1832-1856).
Surampela - Also Zurampela. African chief from an unknown village near Loeki River.
Susi - African of the Shupanga tribe. With Livingstone when the latter died and helped transport Livingstone's body to the African coast. Spoke good English and provided Horace Waller with a narrative of Livingstone's last days.
Syde bin Ali - Arab trader.
Syde bin Habib - Arab trader, who traveled widely in central Africa. Livingstone first encountered him in 1855 during the former's famous transcontinental African journey and again during his (Livingstone's) last journey.
Syde bin Salem Burashid - Arab governor ("Lewale") or trade agent of Unyanyembe, who apparently detained and/or destroyed a packet of letters Livingstone had tried to send to the coast and also prevented other goods from reaching Livingstone in Manyema.
Syde bin Sultan - Arab trader.
Syme, James (1799-1870) - Surgeon. Highly regarded as a practitioner and teacher of surgery. President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh 1849-51.
Tagamoio (?-1893) - Also Mtagamoyo or Mwini Mohara. Arab trader and the chief perpetrator of the Nyangwe massacre. Tagamoio would eventually become one of the leading Arabs at Nyangwe and would only be brought down and killed by Belgian forces in 1893 (Wissman 1890:176-95; Hinde 1895:433).
Thani bin Suellim - Arab trader based in Ujiji.
Tinné, Alexandrine (1835-1869) - Explorer. Ascended the White Nile to Gondokoro in 1862, then traveled along the Bahr el Ghazal, the principal western tributary of the Nile. Killed in 1869 during an expedition across the Sahara Desert.
Tippu Tip (1837-1905) - Renowned central African ivory and slave trader.
Tirhaka - Also Taharqa, Taharka, or Tirhakah. Pharaoh of the twenty-fifth dynasty in ancient Egypt (r.690-664 BC) and king of the kingdom of Kush.
Todd, James Henthorne (1805-1869) - Biblical scholar and Irish historian. Wrote St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland: A Memoir of His Life and Mission (1864). On his last journey, Livingstone had with him a review of this book published in the Quarterly Review (1866) and used the page margins of this review to construct the first gathering of the 1870 Field Diary.
Tozer, William G. (1829/30-1899) - Bishop of Universities' Mission to Central Africa 1862-63, Zanzibar 1863-73, Jamaica 1879-80, and Honduras 1880-81. Livingstone never forgave him for moving the UMCA to Zanzibar in 1862-63.
Tracey, R.L. - Resident of Bombay with whom Livingstone stayed in 1865.
von der Decken, Karl Klaus (1833-1865) - German explorer. In 1861 became the first European to attempt an ascent of Mount Kilimanjaro. Murdered on a subsequent expedition in the area of present-day Bardera, Somalia.
Waller, Horace (1833-1896) - Lay Superintendent, Universities' Mission to Central Africa 1860-64. Curate, St. John's Chatham 1867-70. Vicar of Leytonstone, 1870-74. Rector of Twywell, 1874-95. In addition to editing Livingstone's Last Journals, wrote several articles on slavery and the slave trade in Africa.
Webb, William F. (1829-1899) - Big-game hunter whom Livingstone and his son Oswell met in 1850. Livingstone stayed at his house, Newstead Abbey in Nottinghamshire, in 1864-65.
Yahood - Slave of Arab trader Thani bin Suellim.
Young, James (1811-1883) - Scottish industrialist who made a fortune distilling paraffin from shale. Met Livingstone at Anderson's College. Was one of Livingstone's three trustees.
Yuñga - African headman of the Malobo tribe.
Zerah - Warrior from Cush (present-day Ethiopia) mentioned in the Book of Chronicles.
African Ethnic Groups Top ⤴
Bagenya - Also Wagenya. One of three tribes, all with the same name but ethnically distinct, residing in the Congo along the Lualaba River. Through their access to canoes, the Wagenya near Nyangwe both controlled the river traffic in the vicinity of the village and were the principal suppliers of fish to many of the local markets in the region.
Baguha - African ethnic group whose descendants are now known as the Holoholo and who, in Livingstone's time, lived on the western shore of Lake Tanganyika in east Africa.
Bakwena - A SeTswana speaking group in southern Africa. Livingstone became a missionary to the Bakwena (under the leadership of Sechele) in 1846.
Basarwa - Also San and (often pejoratively) Bushmen. Collective term for southern Africa's indigenous hunter-gatherer populations.
Bemba - Also Awemba. African ethnic group based in the north-eastern part of present-day Zambia with historical links to the Luba and Lunda populations of the Kantanga region of the Congo.
Bena - African ethnic group based in what is the south central part of Tanzania.
Bira - African ethnic group based in the Ituri rainforest in the north-eastern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Bungu - African ethnic group based in present-day Tanzania and settled to the south-east of Lake Rukwa.
Garaganza - African ethnic group from present-day Tanzania often included in the larger Nyamwezi group.
Gogo - African ethnic group based in the central part of present-day Tanzania.
Lega - African ethnic group based in the rainforests of the eastern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Luba - African ethnic group from the central part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo, whose kingdom constituted one of the major central African polities of the eighteenth- and nineteenth-centuries.
Makololo - Sotho people of southern Africa. Having been displaced by political upheaval in the early nineteenth century (known as the Mfecane), migrated north under the leadership of Sebituane and came to settle in the Zambezi River valley in present-day Zambia around 1840. Kololo porters, sent by chief Sekeletu, journeyed with Livingstone on his famous African transcontinental journey.
Manyema - Also Manyuema. Collective group that, in Livingstone's use, encompasses the many ethnic groups residing in Manyema, eastern Congo.
Masaai - Well known African ethnic group based in the southern part of present-day Kenya and northern part of present-day Tanzania.
Ngoni - African ethnic group descended from the Nguni of kwaZulu-Natal in present-day South Africa who migrated north due to the Mfecane of the early nineteenth century.
Nyamnyams - African ethnic group of uncertain identity. The term Nyamnyam regularly refers to the Azande of north central Africa, but the context of Livingstone's use of the term in the 1870 Field Diary points to a different group.
Nyamwezi - African ethnic group based in present-day Tanzania whose members often worked as independent traders or served as porters for Arab and African caravans.
Sangu - African ethnic group based in present-day Tanzania and settled to the east and south-east of Lake Rukwa.
Other Groups, Collectives, Organizations Top ⤴
2nd Egyptian expedition - Expedition (1840-41) organized by Muhammad Ali, Viceroy of Egypt (r. 1805–48), and led by Joseph-Pons d'Arnauld, Louis Sabatier, and Ferdinand Werne that navigated the White Nile to 4° 42' N in 1841. The first expedition (1839-40) only reached as far as, roughly, the modern town of Bor, Sudan (6° 12' N.).
Banian slaves - Group of liberated slaves formerly owned by Banian merchants and hired by John Kirk, the acting British Consul and Political Resident at Zanzibar, to assist Livingstone. These Banian followers (the term used on Livingstone Online since the men were no longer slaves when in Livingstone's retinue) were a constant source of irritation to Livingstone due to their resistance to his travel plans.
Banians - People who were an offshoot of the Indian merchant class at Muscat and were important traders in Zanzibar
Boers - European farmers who settled at the Cape. They were predominantly, though not exclusively, of Dutch origin. After the Great Trek of the 1830s, the term was used interchangeably with Voortrekkers.
Cushite - Person from Cush (in present-day Ethiopia).
Governors D'Almrida - The brothers João Tavares d'Almeida (Governor-General of Mozambique) and António Tavares d'Almeida (Governor of Tete) who held their respective positions during the time of Livingstone’s Zambezi Expedition (1858-64).
Johanna men - Group of ten men (including their leader Musa) from Johanna (Anjouan), Comoros, who accompanied Livingstone during his last journey. The Johanna men had been hired with the assistance of the British Consul at Johanna.
Kilwans - People from Kilwa. Kilwa (a collective name for Kilwa Kisiwani, Kilwa Kivinje, and Kilwa Masoko, all in present-day Tanzania) was one of the most important centers for the slave trade on the east coast of Africa in the nineteenth century.
London Hunterian Society - Society of medical professionals based in London, founded in 1819 and named in honor of the Scottish surgeon John Hunter.
London Missionary Society - Non-denominational missionary society formed in England in 1795 by evangelical Christians, primarily serving missions in Africa and the South Pacific.
Messrs Coutts and Co. - Livingstone's bankers, based on the Strand in London.
Moravian - Related to Moravia, a region in the eastern part of the present-day Czech Republic.
Nassick African Asylum - Government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik, India.
Nassickers - Group of nine men who accompanied Livingstone on his last journey selected on the advice of Sir Bartle Frere, then Governor of Bombay, from a government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik, India.
P & O company - Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. British shipping company.
Phoenician - Person from the ancient civilization of Phoenicia, on the coastlines of present-day Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Syria.
Ringleading Nassick deserters - The Nassickers were a group of nine men who accompanied Livingstone on his last journey selected on the advice of Sir Bartle Frere, then Governor of Bombay, from a government-run school for freed slaves in Nashik, India.
Routledge - British publishing company.
Royal Geographical Society - Society of geographers, founded in 1830 in London. One of Livingstone's sponsoring organizations.
Sepoys - Group from the Bombay Marine Battalion and under the command of an Indian corporal that joined Livingstone for part of his last journey.
Swahili - African group of complex intercultural origins. Resides along the coast of east Africa from Somalia to Mozambique.
Ujijian traders - Ujiji, a village on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, served as one of the major trading depots in the Arab-African trading network of east Africa in the nineteenth century.
Settlements Top ⤴
Bagamoyo - East African costal town in present-day Tanzania that served as one of the most important trading ports of the nineteenth century.
Bambarre - Also Bambare, Kabambare, and Kabambarre. Village in Maniema, an eastern region in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. Livingstone stayed there 21 September-1 November 1869, 19-26 December 1869, and 22 July 1870-16 February 1871, and wrote most of the 1870 Field Diary there.
Delphi - City in Greece known for its oracle in ancient times.
Kanyembo - In present-day northern Zambia). The capital of Cazembe (Kazembe VIII), chief of the Lunda.
Kasongo - Village in Maniema, an eastern region in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo, lying to the east of the Lualaba River. One of the key nineteenth-century outposts for Zanzibari traders
Kilwa - Collective name for Kilwa Kisiwani, Kilwa Kivinje, and Kilwa Masoko, all in present-day Tanzania. One of the most important centers for the slave trade on the east coast of Africa in the nineteenth century.
Kolobeng - Livingstone’s third mission station, near Gaborone in present-day Botswana. Livingstone, Sechele, and the Bakwena settled here in 1847 following serious water shortage at Chonuane. From Kolobeng, Livingstone journeyed to Lake Ngami, and laid plans to make contact with Sebituane and explore the Zambezi. A group of Transvaal Boers ransacked the Kolobeng mission in 1852 as part of an attack on Sechele.
Kuruman - London Missionary Society (LMS) mission to the Tlhaping (a SeTswana speaking group) in the Northern Cape of present-day South Africa. Owed its origins to the work of missionary James Read and was developed in the 1820s by Robert and Mary Moffat, later Livingstone's parents-in-law. When Livingstone arrived, Kuruman was the northernmost of the LMS’s mission stations in southern Africa and was considered to be a prototype of a successful mission station.
Lebadea - Town in ancient Greece (Livadeia in modern Greece).
Meroe - Ancient city on the east bank of the Nile.
Nashik - City in India.
Nineveh - Ancient city of Upper Mesopotamia, located in modern-day Iraq.
Nyangwe - Village and marketplace on the banks of the Lualaba River in Maniema, an eastern region in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. Livingstone stayed there 23 March-20 July 1871 and wrote most of the 1871 Field Diary there.
Sais - Ancient Egyptian town in the western Nile delta.
Ujiji - Village on the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. In the nineteenth century, Ujiji was one of the major trading depots in the Arab-African trading network of east Africa.
Unyanyembe - Town in the central part of present-day Tanzania that, in the nineteenth century, served as one of the major depots on the trade routes that ran between the east coast of Africa and the interior.
Regions Top ⤴
Cape of Good Hope - Also the Cape. The southern tip of Africa. Traditionally, the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
Chunya district of Mbeya region - Area in the western part of present-day Tanzania that is home to the Bungu people and that lies just to the south-east of Lake Rukwa.
Dodoma - Region in the central part of present-day Tanzania that is home to the Gogo people.
Iringa - Region in the south central part of present-day Tanzania that is home to the Bena people.
Karagwe - Region in present-day northern Tanzania lying just to the west of Lake Victoria and to the east of Rwanda that served as the site of a major kingdom in the nineteenth century.
Katanga - Region in the southern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. During the period in question, ruled by Msiri and known for its underground mines and for resources such as copper, gold, and malachite.
Kingdom of Tirhaka - Tirhaka (also Taharqa, Taharka, or Tirhakah) ruled over Egypt and Kush from 690 to 664, B.C.
Legaland - Also called Metamba by Livingstone. Region in the eastern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo that is home to the Lega people and that encompasses the valleys of the middle and upper Elila and the upper Ulindi rivers.
Linyanti - Region in the northern part of present-day Botswana, just south of the Zambezi River, which became one of the primary settlements of the Kololo state.
Lubaland - Savannah region in the central part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo that served as the site of the Luba kingdom, a major African empire in the nineteenth century.
Lunda - Significant central African kingdom that, in the nineteenth century, encompassed what are now the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, north-eastern Angola, and north-western Zambia.
Maasailand - Region in east Africa that is home to the Maasi people and stretches from northern Tanzania to southern Kenya.
Maniema - Also Manyema or Mayuema. Region in the eastern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo roughly bordering the Lomami River to the west, Katanga to the south, Lakes Tanganyika and Kivu to the east, and the territory of Stanley Falls to the north.
Mbeya - Also called Usango in Livingstone's time. Region in the western part of present-day Tanzania that is home to the Sangu people and that lies just to the east and south-east of Lake Rukwa.
Midian - Ancient civilization in the northwest Arabian peninsula.
Shire highlands - Plateau east of the Shire River in the southern part of present-day Malawi.
Geographical Features Top ⤴
Anjouan, Comoros - Also Johanna Island. Ten men from this island, hired with the assistance of the island's British Consul, accompanied Livingstone on his last journey.
Barotse Valley - Livingstone’s name for the Zambezi floodplain, in the Western Province of present-day Zambia.
Cape Delgago - Promontory. Northernmost point of Mozambique.
Castalian springs - Natural springs near Delphi in ancient Greece.
Central line of drainage of the great Nile valley - Livingstone incorrectly believed that the Nile originated in Lake Bangweulu in present-day Zambia and was fed by a series of sources in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Congo River - Major river in Africa. On his last expedition, Livingstone investigated diverse sections of the river in the mistaken hopes that they had some connection to the Nile River system.
Crophi - With Mophi, one of two hills with conical tops that Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian, placed in central Africa and cited as lying between the sources of the Nile to the north and of the Zambezi to the south.
Euphrates River - River in Mesopotamia. One of four rivers said to flow from the Garden of Eden.
Fountain of the Lufira River - Also called Bartle Frere's Fountain by Livingstone. The Lufira River is tributary of the Lualaba River in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. Livingstone believed that the Lufira united with the Lualaba River to form the fictitious Lake Kamolondo. Livingstone placed the source of the Lufira River, which he incorrectly linked to the Nile, three or four days' travel time south of the Katanga region (in the southern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). Livingstone named the source after British colonial administrator H. Bartle E. Frere (1815-1884).
Gaboon - River and estuary. Located in the west of present-day Gabon.
Ganges River - One of four rivers said to flow from the Garden of Eden.
Garden of Eden - Biblical garden of God described in the Book of Genesis.
Gihon River - River said to flow out of the Garden of Eden in the Bible.
Hercynia - Classical name for the stream issuing from the springs at Lebadea in ancient Greece.
Hiddekel River - Hebrew name for the Tigris River of Mesopotamia. One of four rivers said to flow from the Garden of Eden.
Jordan River - River in west Asia flowing to the Dead Sea.
Kafue River - Also called Luenge and Lunga by Livingstone. Significant river in Zambia and one of the main tributaries of the Zambezi River.
Kalahari Desert - Large sandy savanna that encompasses parts of present-day Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa.
Kiziwa - Possibly present-day Lake Albert, Uganda.
Kunda River - A tributary of the Lualaba River in eastern Congo.
Lake Albert (Uganda) - Also called Albert Nyanza, Baker's Water or Lake, Uerere, and Lower Tanganyika by Livingstone. In 1864, explorer and hunter Samuel W. Baker (1821-1893) became the first European to visit the lake, which he named after Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria. At the time, Livingstone incorrectly believed that this lake was part of Lake Tanganyika and that both were part of the Nile river system (only Lake Albert is).
Lake Bangweulu (Zambia) - Also Lake Bangweolo. Livingstone incorrectly believed that this lake was part of the Nile river system. The lake is actually part of the Congo river system.
Lake Chibungo - Also called Lake Lincoln by Livingstone. Fictitious lake created via the union of the Lufira and Lomami/Lomani Rivers in what would have been present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. Livingstone named the lake after the American president Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865).
Lake Kamolondo - Also called Riverein Lake by Livingstone. Livingstone believed that the Lufira and Lualaba Rivers united to form this fictitious lake in what would have been present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Lake Malawi (Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania) - Also Nyassa. Also known as Lake Nyasa (in Tanzania) and Lago Niassa (in Mozambique). Although not the first European to do so, Livingstone visited this lake in 1859 and gave it the name Lake Nyassa.
Lake Mweru (Zambia and Democratic Republic of the Congo) - Also Lake Moero. Livingstone incorrectly believed that this lake was part of the Nile river system. The lake is actually part of the Congo river system.
Lake Tanganyika (Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, and Zambia) - When he wrote the 1870 Field Diary, Livingstone incorrectly believed that this lake was part of the Nile river system. The lake is actually part of the Congo river system.
Lake Victoria (Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya) - Also called Upper Tanganyika, Victoria Nyanza, and Nyanza by Livingstone. In 1858, explorer John H. Speke (1827-1864) became the first European to visit the lake, which he named after Queen Victoria, and asserted correctly but without definitive evidence to be the source of the Nile. Livingstone refused to recognize Speke's assertion.
Lake Victoria (Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya) and Lake Albert (Uganda) - Also called Lower and Upper Tanganyika, respectively, by Livingstone. Livingstone incorrectly believed that these two distinct and unrelated lakes were in fact part of one larger lake.
Lindi River - Tributary of the Lualaba River in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Lomami/Lomani River - Also called Lomame, Loeki, Lofubu, Lualaba West, Young's Lualaba, Young's River, and Young's Lake River by Livingstone. Major river in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. Livingstone believed that the Lomami/Lomani formed part of the Nile River system, but in fact the river joins the Lualaba River to become the Congo River. Livingstone named the river after James Young (1811-1883), a Scottish industrialist who later become one of Livingstone's trustees. Livingstone called it the "lake river" because he believed that it flowed through the fictitious Lake Chibungo (renamed Lake Lincoln by Livingstone).
Lualaba River - Also called Central Lualaba, Lualaba East, Lacustrine River, Webb's Lualaba, and Lake River Webb by Livingstone. Major river in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. Livingstone believed that the Lualaba formed part of the Nile River system, but in fact the river joins the Lomami/Lomani River to become the Congo River. Livingstone named the river after hunter William F. Webb (1829-1899). Livingstone called it a "lake river" because he believed that it united with the Lufira River to form the fictitious Lake Kamolondo.
Luapula River - Also called New Zambezi by Livingstone. River that links Lakes Mweru and Bangweolo and that forms part of the border between present-day Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Portuguese explorers and travelers, "armchair geographer" William D. Cooley (1795[?]-1883), and, initially, Livingstone all incorrectly believed that this river was a tributary of the Zambezi River.
Lufira River - Also called Bartle Frere's Lualaba by Livingstone. Tributary of the Lualaba River in present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. Livingstone believed that the Lufira united with the Lualaba River to form the fictitious Lake Kamolondo. Livingstone named the source of the river after British colonial administrator H. Bartle E. Frere (1815-1884).
Lukuga River - Also called Luamo by Livingstone. Principal outlet of Lake Tanganyika; runs west from the lake through the eastern part of present-day Democratic Republic of Congo and eventually joins the Lualaba River.
Metamba - Also Metambe. Rainforest in the northeastern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo that is home to the Lega people and that encompasses the valleys of the middle and upper Elila and the upper Ulindi rivers.
Mophi - With Crophi, one of two hills with conical tops that Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian, placed in central Africa and cited as lying between the sources of the Nile to the north and of the Zambezi to the south.
Mount Kenya - Second highest mountain in Africa (after Kilimanjaro), located in present-day Kenya.
Mount Kilimanjaro - Highest mountain in Africa, located in present-day Tanzania.
Nile River - Major river in Africa and longest river in the world. The search for the source(s) of the Nile motivated the African expeditions of a number of important Victorian explorers, among them Richard Burton (1821-1890), John H. Speke (1827-1864), Samuel W. Baker (1821-1893), Henry M. Stanley (1841-1904), and, of course, Livingstone himself.
Nile valley - Region surrounding the northern part of the Nile river.
Pison - One of four rivers said to flow from the Garden of Eden.
Ptolemy's Mountains of the Moon. - Legendary African mountain range cited by Ptolemy (c.100-c.170), the ancient geographer, as being located at the source of the Nile River.
Riverine Lakes - Set of central African lakes that, on Livingstone's understanding, included the real Lakes Bangweulu, Tanganyika, Victoria, and Albert plus the fictitious Lakes Chibungo (a.k.a. Lake Lincoln) and Kamolondo.
Ruvuma River - Also Rovuma River. Significant river in east Africa that forms part of the border between present-day Tanzania and Mozambique.
Shire River - Major river in present-day Malawi that flows out of Lake Malawi and is a tributary of the Zambezi River. Livingstone visited the river in 1859 during his second expedition to Africa (1858-64).
Source of the Kafue River - Also called Oswell Fountain and Fountain of the Upper Zambezi or Lunga by Livingstone. Livingstone named the source, which he located south of the Katanga region (in the southern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) in what is now Zambia, after William C. Oswell (1818-1893), an explorer and hunter, whom Livingstone met and travelled with in South Africa and who remained Livingstone's close friend.
Source of the Zambezi River - Also called Palmerston Fountain and Fountain of the Liambai by Livingstone. Livingstone named the source, which he located south of the Katanga region (in the southern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo) in what is now Zambia, after Lord Palmerston (1784-1865), a former British Minister, whose anti-slavery policies Livingstone admired.
Source(s) of the Nile River - Also called Fountains of the Nile, Fountains of the River of Egypt, Caput Nili, and Katanga Head Waters by Livingstone. The search for the source(s) of the Nile motivated the African expeditions of a number of important Victorian explorers. Although John H. Speke (1827-1864) visited and correctly claimed Lake Victoria as the principal source in 1858, many contemporaries doubted his claim, so the search continued. Livingstone, for instance, believed that the sources lay much farther to the south in either present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo or Zambia.
Sources of the Lomami/Lomani and Lufira Rivers - Also called Young's and Bartle Frere's Fountains by Livingstone. Livingstone placed the sources of the Lomami/Lomani and Lufira Rivers, both of which he incorrectly linked to the Nile, three or four days' travel time south of Katanga (a region in the southern part of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). He named the sources after, respectively, James Young (1811-1883), a Scottish industrialist who later became one of Livingstone's trustees, and British colonial administrator H. Bartle E. Frere (1815-1884).
Victoria Falls - Major waterfall on the Zambezi River, located on the border of present-day Zambia and Zimbabwe. In 1855, David Livingstone became the first European to visit to the waterfall, which he named after Queen Victoria.
White Nile - The White Nile, which flows north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile, which flows west from Ethiopia, are the two main tributaries of the Nile River and join together to form the main Nile River at present-day Khartoum, Sudan.
Zambezi River - Also called Liambai or Upper Zambezi by Livingstone. Major river in south central Africa that rises in present-day Zambia, then flows east across the continent to the Indian Ocean.
Zanzibar, Tanzania - Island off the east coast of Africa. In the nineteenth century, the center of east Africa's Arab-Indian-African trading network, a major international depot, and the site of a notorious slave market.
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__label__cc | 0.604489 | 0.395511 | Monday, June 19, 2017 - 10:39am
Tyler Adams
Spring 2017 Graduate Alumnus, ASU Master of Nonprofit Leadership & Management
“Capacity building is whatever is needed to bring a nonprofit to the next level of operational, programmatic, financial, or organizational maturity, so it may more effectively and efficiently advance its mission into the future. Capacity building is not a one-time effort to improve short-term effectiveness, but a continuous improvement strategy toward the creation of a sustainable and effective organization” (National Council of Nonprofits, 2017). For many organizations, capacity building would fall into the “overhead” category. Unfortunately for the nonprofit sector, higher overhead costs are correlated to an organization being irresponsible with its finances, ineffective, unable to carry out its mission, and even unethical.
Overhead is defined as a “percentage of a charity’s expenses that goes to administrative and fundraising costs” (Guidestar, 2014). The Overhead Myth is created when donors believe that nonprofits should keep these overhead expenses below a certain percentage of the nonprofit’s total expenditures – usually no more than 15 to 20 percent. In Dan Pallotta’s TED Talk, he discusses the Overhead Myth and how it can negatively affect nonprofits by hindering their ability to create long-term sustainable growth. Both internal and external stakeholders need to be better informed about why it is okay for overhead costs to be higher when the organization is trying to grow, become sustainable, and ultimately achieve its mission more effectively. Looking at overhead alone is a poor way to measure a nonprofit organization’s overall performance (Letter to the Donors of America, 2014). Therefore, other factors such as program performance, governance structure, staff professionalism, fundraising efficiency, and other practices should be considered as part of the bigger picture
Recommendations for Implementation
So how can nonprofits bust this Overhead Myth so that they can invest in capacity building and infrastructure to create a sustainable organization? Below are six practices, three internal and three external, that a nonprofit can implement to help alleviate the burden of the Overhead Myth.
Functional Allocation Time Study (internal): Many organizations classify all of their employees’ salaries to overhead, and many donors view employee salaries as overhead. The truth is, it takes human resources, or employee salaries, to run most programs and make an impact. Therefore, conducting these time studies will help organizations better allocate their employees’ time based on the work they do in a typical work-week. This will not only educate funders, but it will also help lower “overhead” costs that were previously not allocated correctly.
Budgeting for Change Capital (internal): Change capital is money that nonprofit organizations put aside each fiscal year so that they have a reserve of money when they want to invest in new initiatives. If a nonprofit organization budgets for a small surplus each fiscal year, they are creating enough cushion to be able to invest in new and innovative operations that could boost their social impact.
Educating the Board of Directors and Reviewing Internal Policies (internal): By reviewing internal policies to make sure they are up-to-date with societal trends, the organization can be sure they accurately reflect their work in the current landscape of social issues. Also, since the members of the board usually do not come from the nonprofit sector, they sometimes lack a general understanding about how nonprofits operate or what they can and cannot do legally. Educating them about the trends and myths of the sector could go a long way to help them gain a better understanding of what would be best for the organization.
Focus on Mission Impact (external): One of the most important thing that nonprofit organizations can do to alleviate the burden of the Overhead Myth is to focus on the impact of their organization. By becoming better storytellers, a nonprofit can send out a stronger message about the impact of their programs. Each organization is so unique in its own way that if it simply told a better story, the minute details of how it spends its money would be overshadowed.
Use Better Metrics to Show Impact (external): It is time to retire the organizational expenses pie-chart that has been used obsessively in the nonprofit sector, and replace it with stories on mission impact (Guidestar, 2016). This is an outdated model that limits the impact and diversity of the work in the nonprofit sector.
Educate Funders and Set Realistic Expectations (external): It is important to educate funders and other external constituents about the damaging consequences of the Overhead Myth and not investing in capacity building. Be upfront about the funds it will take to implement or run a program. Do not submit a grant proposal that only covers a portion of the program; submit a proposal asking to cover all the expenses, including supplies and salary of the program director. Asking and encouraging funders to give unrestricted gifts is also an effective strategy as the money can be used more freely.
The nonprofit sector has been given the responsibility of dealing with some of society’s largest issues. In return, they have been given very limited resources and an expectation for them to be efficient with what they are given and held to restricting rules. Because of these current expectations, a lot of the work conducted in the nonprofit sector are short-term, “Band-Aid” solutions, rather than addressing the root of systemic issues. It is a fact that nonprofits that spend too little on infrastructure have more limited effectiveness than those that spend a reasonable amount on it (Pallotta, 2008). It is time for the nonprofit sector as a whole to come together and educate the public and its funders about the importance of investing in capacity building.
Gregory, A. G., & Howard, D. (2009). The Nonprofit Starvation Cycle. Stanford Social Innovation Review, (Fall 2009), 49-53. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from www.ssireview.com.
Guidestar's Six Tips for Busting the Overhead Myth. (2016). Guidestar. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from www.guidestar.org.
National Council of Nonprofits - What is Capacity Building? (2017). Retrieved February 22, 2017, from https://www.councilofnonprofits.org/tools-resources/what-capacity-building
Pallotta, D. (2013, March). The way we think about charity is dead wrong [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_pallotta_the_way_we_think_about_charity_is_dead_wrong.
Pallotta, D. (2010). Uncharitable: how restrains on nonprofits undermine their potential. Medford (Mass.): Tufts University Press.
Taylor, A., Harold, J., & Berger, K. (2014). Guidestar. Letter to the Donors of America [Letter written 2014 to Donors of America]. Retrieved February 12, 2017, from http://overheadmyth.com/letter-to-the-donors-of-america/.
Tyler Adams completed his Bachelor’s degree in Leisure, Youth and Human Services with an emphasis in Nonprofit Management at the University of Northern Iowa back in 2013. To complete his degree, Tyler moved to Arizona for an internship at the Make-A-Wish Arizona chapter as an Events Intern. Upon being hired full-time at the Arizona chapter, an opportunity opened up at the Make-A-Wish International office, where Tyler has spent the past 3.5 years. In his current role as an Event Manager for Make-A-Wish International, he is responsible for planning the annual Wishleader Conference that takes place in a different country each year, three Regional Roundtable (Europe, Asia, and Latin America), and a CEO Orientation in Phoenix. Tyler completed his Master’s in Nonprofit Leadership and Management from Arizona State University in May of 2017. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line565 |
__label__wiki | 0.979331 | 0.979331 | MDW Live! News Network
MDW Live! Magazine
Cricket Sports World News
Indian cricket board seeks IPL in UAE after World Cup postponed
New Delhi (AFP) – The Indian Premier League on Tuesday seized upon the postponement of the Twenty20 World Cup to propose holding its cash bonanza tournament in the United Arab Emirates from September.
IPL chairman Brijesh Patel told AFP that the Board of Control for Cricket in India was seeking government permission to finally stage the event after multiple hold-ups because of the coronavirus pandemic.
The board is confident it can assemble stars from around the world to line up for the eight IPL teams from late September to early November. The UAE would be hosting the IPL for the second time in six years.
“It will be held in the UAE but first the board will seek permission from the Indian government to stage it there,” Patel said.
He added that the exact dates would be decided by the IPL’s governing council next week. Media reports have predicted the IPL would run from September 26 to November 7.
Patel would not say whether the games would be played behind closed doors. A final decision would rest with the UAE and Indian authorities.
The IPL is the BCCI’s main revenue earner. The Indian board has said it would lose more than $500 million if this year’s tournament does not go ahead.
The seven-week tournament, which normally plays to packed stadiums across the country of 1.3 billion people, is estimated to generate more than $11 billion for the Indian economy.
– ‘Tough call’ –
The BCCI had to wait until the International Cricket Council formally postponed the World Cup on Monday before announcing its new plan.
The World Cup was to be held in Australia from October, ahead of a second tournament in India in 2021 to get the World Cup onto a new calendar cycle.
Under the new arrangements, either Australia or India will host the next T20 World Cup in October-November 2021, then the other nation will hold it in 2022.
Cricket Australia’s acting chief executive Nick Hockley said Tuesday that the postponement of the T20 World Cup was “absolutely inevitable”.
India has long been pressing for a decision, however, so that it can get the IPL back on track.
The IPL has been held outside India twice before when it clashed with national elections. South Africa hosted the 2009 event and part of it was held in the UAE in 2014.
The 13th IPL should have started on March 29 but it has been repeatedly postponed because of a nationwide coronavirus lockdown. With the pandemic not expected to peak in India for several weeks, a tournament in India is considered too risky.
A host of international stars including England’s Ben Stokes and Australia’s Steve Smith and David Warner are signed up for the eight teams.
Australia’s Pat Cummins will be the most expensive overseas star this year. Kolkata Knight Riders agreeing a $2.17 million fee for him in a December auction.
The IPL may clash with Australia’s Sheffield Shield and paceman Josh Hazlewood said it wouldn’t be easy to abandon the domestic tournament.
“IPL is such a huge part of the year for a lot of players and probably the strongest T20 competition in the world, up there with the Big Bash,” Hazlewood, who plays for Chennai Super Kings, was quoted as saying by ESPNcricinfo.
“So if that takes a few games off us playing for New South Wales in the build-up to the international summer that’s a tough call.”
TagsIPL
1 comment on “Indian cricket board seeks IPL in UAE after World Cup postponed”
amitsxc
I have written something about IPL 2020 here
https://skyblogs.in/ipl-uae-2020-latest-updates-t20/
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__label__wiki | 0.749344 | 0.749344 | « The Dark Knight rises in a London library
Ellen Brush dies »
Murdoch’s News of the World legacy
Rupert Murdoch on Guardian website
What will be Rupert Murdoch’s legacy in terms of newspapers in Britain? With the Sun, Times, Sunday Times and News of the World he had the most powerful newspaper group in Britain. He’s a throwback to the great twentieth century Fleet St barons – I’ve read of Northcliffe describing the young Murdoch as his favourite newspaperman.
He fought off Robert Maxwell to win control of News of the World and use it as the international stepping stone to form the world’s first global media group. His reputation for media innovation is unrivalled. However, today’s Machiavellian decision to close the News of the World throws a 168-year history, 200 journalists – and some legendary campaigning journalism – on the scrapheap.
Yet, even though Murdoch has acted with unprecedented speed to try to halt the damage, more is undoubtedly still to come. The fallout – a Rupertgate or Jamesgate – could leave the Murdoch name lying alongside those of Maxwell and a corrupt media mogul of the early 1900s, Horatio Bottomley.
Britain’s most famous front page – the Sun’s Gotcha
But Rupert brought us the topless redtop style of the Sun with its Page 3, along with Kelvin MacKenzie, and headlines such as ‘Gotcha’ and ‘Freddie Starr: I ate my hamster’ – as well as the later ‘Freddie Starr: I ‘ate my wife’ . And England team manager Graham Taylor as a turnip. How many other front or back pages are as well known? But that paper also plumbed the depths with its Hillsborough coverage – an example of falling in with the police – and is still paying the price in terms of its sales on Merseyside.
Murdoch took over the Times (on a Friday, the 13th), and took it downmarket, shafting Harry Evans in the process, though he has bankrolled it to the tune of tens of millions a year for a while now.
His papers helped to turn round the fortunes of Margaret Thatcher when she was unpopular in her first years in power. The Sunday Times was hagiographic here, portraying her on the front of its magazine as Joan of Arc. Murdoch’s HarperCollins book arm later published Thatcher’s memoirs. And the Sun is seen as having saved John Major from electoral defeat in 1992 with its vitriolic campaign against Neil Kinnock – ‘If Kinnock wins today, will the last person to leave Britain please turn out the lights’ ran the front page on polling day.
Andrew Neil, looking on BBC TV these days as if his whole body is on botox, was working for Murdoch when he bought us never-mind-the-quality-feel-the-width journalism at the Sunday Times and adverts to recruit reporters who could write at length on any topic. That has certainly done journalism no good. As Matthew Engel writes in the British Journalism Review, ‘Over the past ten years the quantity has remained relatively stable,’ but ‘what worries me now is the quality.’ He was writing about newspaper sports pages in general, but it’s an argument that can be made for the rest of the Sunday Times.
Mirabelle launch cover
Murdoch failed to make much headway in magazines (remember the embarrassing Mirabelle?), but brought us Sky TV and the Simpsons – though ruined the game of football in the process.
He is also one of the world’s most successful tax avoiders, managing to make billions in profits but using complex offshore company structures to avoid paying tax.
But the activities at the News of the World take us back to Hillsborough in terms of awfulness. For the editor and executives to say they did not know what was going on is no defence. They should have known. The paper was, as Rosie Boycott said on Newsnight, ‘200 miles into illegality’. To be paying £100K to private eye Glen Mulcaire and not know what he was doing just beggars belief. Phone-hacking comes under the RIPA Act – Regulation of Investigatory Powers 2000. It’s what was used to jail News of the World royal editor Clive Goodman and Mulcaire.
Boards of directors are paid to be responsible and ignorance is no defence under the law. It’s difficult to see Rebekah Brooks and Andy Coulson going quietly. Bigger fish than Mulcaire and Goodman are going to come into the frame.
Tags: Britain, News of the World, newspapers, Rupert Murdoch
This entry was posted on July 8, 2011 at 1:12 am and is filed under closures, journalism, Murdoch, newspapers, strategy. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line570 |
__label__wiki | 0.694977 | 0.694977 | Album Review: Homecoming
Ed Bazel
Ed's Website Ed's Artist Page on MainlyPiano
Album Links
Amazon (referral)The River of CalmApple MusicSpotify
2021 / New Thought Records
How nice that my first review of 2021 is of a beautiful solo piano album by Ed Bazel, founder of The River of Calm. Homecoming is Bazel’s second album and follows his 2013 release, Bella Piano. Much of Bazel’s career has been as the head of a corporate concert company, so the title of the album refers to his return to the piano “where it all began.” As a long time piano teacher, I can really appreciate this quote from an email Ed sent: “My mom drove me kicking and screaming to piano lessons for 11 years, so this is dedicated to her and my former piano teachers who helped me along the way.” Referring to his parents, Ed wrote: “Much to their dismay, I became a full time pianist for 20 years. (I guess I taught them a lesson - they always wanted me to get ‘a real job.’) I have been in the music business ever since.”
Over the past few years, Ed Bazel has received a number of prestigious awards, and I’ll be surprised if this new album doesn’t bring him some more. Relying on heartfelt expression more than dazzling pianistic showmanship, the eleven original piano solos are uncomplicated and easily accessible, making the album a calming way to restore a bit of peace to life or a gentle, warm and positive backdrop for other activities. The album’s tranquil demeanor might also help many find their way to Dreamland on nights when tossing and turning interrupts their way.
Homecoming begins with “Morning Cup,” which obviously refers to that first cup of coffee of the day. Played in the soft pastel tones of a sunrise, it’s reassures that it will be a good day! As its title suggests, “Sweet Innocence” is tender, honest and more than a little poignant. A nostalgic look back to a pleasant memory, “I Remember” gently tugs at the heartstrings. "Homecoming," the title track expresses the mix of emotions experienced when returning to the place you once called home and that still feels familiar no matter how long you’ve been away. “Lullaby For Life” resembles Brahms’ classic lullaby, but then goes in a different, more contemporary direction - a favorite. “Northern Lights” has a magical quality and expresses a peaceful kind of awe that I’m sure the Northern Lights inspire - also a favorite. “Sunrise” is more ambient than most of the tracks, and is also somewhat bolder, perhaps reflective of the dazzling light show in the sky that most of us miss on a daily basis - I really like this one, too! The strong melody of “Walk With Me” suggests that there might be lyrics to this lovely piece, although none are needed to tell its story. Open and honest, it presents an invitation that it would be difficult to refuse! “The Quiet Dream” is a bit more dramatic, sharing something from deep within. “Light Of My Soul” has a similar feeling and is my favorite piece on the album. Heartfelt and introspective, it’s an emotional work of art. Homecoming began with “Morning Cup” and ends with “Dusk,” a peaceful conclusion to a very impressive album!
Homecoming is available Amazon, Apple Music and streaming sites like Spotify. Don’t miss it!
This review has been tagged as: | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line572 |
__label__cc | 0.70842 | 0.29158 | Metal Exponents
Metal Exponents is the Philippines' Best Metal Supplier. We have everything you need for construction, fabrication, and repairs. Contact us today!
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4 Defects in Galvanized Coatings
What are some defects in galvanized coatings?
Ungalvanized parts
Dark stains
Embrittlement
Many of the defects in galvanized coatings can be attributed to the method of galvanization, speed, temperature, or even the appearance of the material. As much as the metal fabricator tries to avoid problems in the galvanization process, they may not necessarily be completely unavoidable.
The galvanizing method, after all, requires precision. Different types of techniques like hot-dip zinc galvanizing, electroplating, thermal spraying, and the like, are employed to make sure that the process is done right. Even if just one aspect of the technique is compromised, it could be the result of issues and surface deformations such as ungalvanized areas, embrittlement, stains, or uneven surfaces.
Avoiding any issues on the galvanized material should be done as part of stringent Quality Control and to make sure that the finished product is well-suited for its intended use — be it structural or not. Read on to learn more.
Like with many coating processes, surface treatment or surface preparation should be done before anything else. The surface of the metal specimen should first be inspected and assessed in order to remove any debris, dirt, grime, or any other unwanted substances.
In the case of ungalvanized parts, this is oftentimes caused by the presence of weld slags on the material. These are common in the arc welding process, wherein a molten flux invariably attaches to the welded material. Although welders see to it that this slag is eventually scraped away from the product, there are some cases where it may be overlooked.
As such, during a process like hot-dip galvanization, the molten zinc won’t be able to adhere to the metal because of the weld slag. But removing this piece of unnecessary material can be done easily through simple tools like a chisel or a small hammer. The slags should come right off easily because of their loose attachment to the metal.
Dark stains are usually spotted right after the galvanizing process has already been completed. These are also sometimes referred to as “wet storage stain” to refer to the markings that may form on the metal while it’s being stored through stacks or rows under non-ideal conditions.
In storing galvanized finished products, the conduciveness of the location should be a key priority. The materials shouldn’t just be stacked haphazardly, especially in an environment that has high levels of humidity. As much as possible, the facility should have proper ventilation and is free from any potential sources of moisture.
In the event, however, that these stains may still occur on the metal, removing them is the next best choice. This can be done by using a metal wire brush that’s been dipped in a vinegar solution.
To make sure that the quality and thickness of the zinc coating aren’t affected after brushing the material, it’s also advised to conduct measurements before and after the brushing is done.
Sticking with the hot-dip galvanizing method, another defect that can occur is called embrittlement. This is less common in steel products that mainly have a structural application, but can take place in steels that have a high-strength grade. Some examples would be Dual-Phase (DP) steel, Hot-Formed (HF) Steel, or Martensitic (MART) Steel.
Embrittlement appears like small cracks on the coated material’s surface. This is caused when hydrogen molecules escape from the steel grain structuring during galvanization. Due to significant internal stress and pressure caused by high yield strength and the temperature of the molten zinc bath, the hydrogen will get stored inside the structure and will be released after some time. The result is a cracked material that has lower durability.
To avoid embrittlement, the steel material that’s coated should have a yield strength rating lower than 170ksi. If this isn’t possible, then the focus should be put towards ensuring that the surface preparation process is done meticulously, or by dipping the steel in acid (acid pickling) to minimize the hydrogen presence inside the grain structure.
The entire steel or iron specimen can also be distorted during galvanization. For sheet metals, this can cause the product to have irregular surfaces. One area of the metal may be bent, which lowers its functionality once used as wall paneling, flooring, roofing, and the like.
These uneven surfaces can be typically found in steel parts that don’t really have a high level of structural integrity or dimensional stability. Take for example angled steel bars or steel channels. Compared to a W-Beam or I-Beam, steel bars and channels are far more prone to this type of defect during the galvanizing process.
As with many of these defects, preventive measures should be taken to avoid them. The design of the product should conform to the standards that were previously noted. More than that, the experience and skill of the galvanizer should also be taken into consideration to make sure that the speed, temperature, and pressure are at the correct rates while maintaining the accuracy of the process.
Some of the defects in galvanized coatings are the following: ungalvanized parts, uneven surfaces, distortion, or embrittlement. Most of these issues can be avoided by simply ensuring that all the phases and stages in galvanization are adequately controlled.
Certain adjustments can be made to the quality of surface preparation, type of metal specimen, speed of galvanization, temperature of the molten zinc, or the rate of cooling.
Despite most of these issues only having aesthetic implications, they may eventually have functional effects that should be avoided at all costs, to retain the zinc coating’s efficiency and durability.
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__label__wiki | 0.791477 | 0.791477 | Antagonists, Groups, Patriots, Metal Gear Creators
This article is about the group that secretly controlled the United States, which was also known as Cipher. You may be looking for the Patriot assault rifle wielded by The Boss, Patriot founder Zero (Cipher), or the unmanned aerial vehicle, Cypher.
"Politics, the military, the economy they control it all. They even choose who becomes President. Putting it simply, the Patriots rule this country."
―James Johnson
The Patriots, originally known as Cipher, also known as the La-li-lu-le-lo (らりるれろ), were a secret organization that, by the early 1990s, covertly controlled the United States of America. The group was formed to fulfill the ideal of a unified world that was envisioned by the legendary soldier The Boss and later sought to control the entire world to ensure this.
1.1 The beginning of the Patriots
1.2 Les Enfants Terribles
1.3 Peace Walker Incident
1.4 Ground Zeroes Incident
1.5 Phantom Pain Incident
1.6 Post-Phantom Pain: Big Boss's coups d'état
1.7 Entering the 21st century
1.8 Shadow Moses Incident
1.9 Post-Shadow Moses
1.10 The Manhattan Incident
1.11 The war economy
1.12 Guns of the Patriots Incident
1.13 Post-Guns of the Patriots
3 Founding members
4 Known AIs
5 Agents
6 Cipher agents
The beginning of the Patriots
Cipher was originally formed in 1970 as the reorganized version of the American Philosophers, using funds contained within the Philosophers' Legacy.
Warning: The following information is from outside Hideo Kojima's core "Metal Gear Saga." It has some level of canonicity within the continuity, but reader discretion is advised.[?]
The Legacy was stolen from the DCI at the climax of Gene's rebellion by the Philosophers' former agent Ocelot (under Zero's orders). Before killing the DCI, Ocelot proclaimed that [he and Zero] were going to "end [the Philosophers], take back what [the DCI] stole from [him and Zero], and carry on the spirit of the true patriot", explaining that it was, "all part of our plan to make the world [The Boss] envisioned a reality." After Ocelot's intense speech, he executed the DCI in a way that looked like a suicide. Zero later contacted Ocelot and invited him to form part of his new organization. Ocelot agreed under the condition that Big Boss (Naked Snake) joined the organization as well.
Non-"Metal Gear Saga" information ends here.
Big Boss, Dr. Clark, Zero, and Donald Anderson.
Zero recruited Big Boss and Ocelot, along with two FOX comrades (Sigint and Para-Medic) and former Chinese Philosophers' agent EVA. In essence, the six founding members were all directly influenced by The Boss, and all were directly involved in Operation Snake Eater either as field operatives or mission support. The group then began plans to reunite the world by governing it from behind the scenes. Zero used his influence to turn Big Boss into a idol-like figure for the world to follow, though Big Boss grew to resent this puppet-like role. The views of the two men also began to differ, in regards to the interpretation of The Boss's will: Zero took the concept to mean control of the entire world by a group under a single will to ensure unification; Big Boss believed that The Boss wanted a world where soldiers would not be used as tools of the government.
Tensions between Big Boss and Zero continued to grow. Afraid of losing their idol, Zero carried out a secret project known as "Les Enfants Terribles", in which Para-Medic would use Big Boss's DNA to create a number of clones. With EVA serving as the surrogate mother, Solid Snake and Liquid Snake were born (a third son would be born at a later date).[note 1] However, this proved to be the final straw between Big Boss and Zero, and the former left the organization with a determination to oppose them and later formed his own mercenary group in an attempt to carry out his vision of The Boss's dying wish.
Big Boss and Zero parted ways in 1972.
After Big Boss left, EVA did too but Ocelot remained a spy for them to keep an eye on the organization for EVA. Zero, Para-Medic, and Sigint stayed with the organization and became increasingly power hungry. Para-Medic became a morally corrupt doctor as the head of FOXHOUND's medical staff and chief geneticist, organizing and developing their genetic research programs. Even though military-based genetic therapy was banned under international law, they were able to get away with it secretly because the laws in question were simply declarations and not actual treaties.[1] Sigint would abuse his position in DARPA by accepting bribes and would participate in the development of AIs. Zero would start to accumulate more wealth and information as his words would start to influence decision-making all the way up to the Oval Office. But he was also hopeful (at the time) that his former friend would rejoin the group in time. In addition, they also started work in converting a United States Naval Base on the southern tip of Cuba into a black site to torture various POWs constantly, and Zero himself went into hiding as a result of Big Boss leaving due to Les Enfants Terribles, issuing orders to his agents via proxies.
Main article: Peace Walker Incident
Pacifica Ocean, agent of Cipher.
In 1974, Cipher recruited Pacifica Ocean to act as a triple agent within the CIA and KGB. Through Pacifica, they had KGB operative Vladimir Zadornov provide money and technology for Hot Coldman's Peace Walker Project, and the training for his rogue CIA unit, Peace Sentinel. Pacifica met Zero in person in order to make contact with Big Boss, making her one of the few to directly meet with the organization's reclusive leader, and thus have some awareness of his location. Cipher also contacted Kazuhira Miller with a business proposal to help expand Big Boss's Militaires Sans Frontières, and to have them unknowingly participate in the project.
Following the large military expansion of MSF and its defeat of Coldman, Cipher ordered Pacifica to hijack the newly constructed Metal Gear ZEKE and offer Big Boss the chance to serve the organization, also proclaiming that ZEKE was "Cipher's creation." Cipher intended that the MSF act as a deterrent against enemy forces while it steadily increased its own power, which had been the true purpose of the Peace Walker project. After Big Boss's refusal, Pacifica, under Cipher's orders, intended to frame the MSF as an extremist cult by using ZEKE to launch a nuclear warhead at the United States, of which Miller had been unaware. Ultimately, this plot failed when the MSF damaged ZEKE and prevented the nuclear strike, though Cipher intended to use Les Enfants Terribles as a future insurance policy.
Meanwhile, Cipher intended to garner control of the NSA, CSS, NRO, and DIA, uniting them under a single will to prepare for the upcoming age of electronic intelligence.[2] They also adopted Hot Coldman's beliefs regarding the rule of machines over humanity and would use the data from the Peace Walker Project to develop an advanced AI network.
Ground Zeroes Incident
Main article: Ground Zeroes Incident
Warning: The following events occur in the pseudo-historical Side Ops in Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes; its level of canonicity is ambiguous.
Following the Peace Walker Incident, Cipher had a close call when the Joint Chiefs of Staff grew suspicious of a U.S. naval facility being converted into a black site, as well as MSF uncovering evidence of it since December 3, 1974. Cipher was also known by the JCS, and had a rivalry with it to such an extent that the latter group hired MSF to retrieve incriminating information on the base.[3] Around this time, they also captured an MSF Intel Team agent and interrogated him until he was rescued by Big Boss during a mission to sabotage the base's AA turrets. The prisoner, when rescued, revealed that Cipher also intended to create a HUMINT network without borders, and were using several methods to coerce foreign leaders into submitting to their will, including blackmail on backdoor money, scandals, and financial fraud. Cipher was also sending dissidents who defected to the West back to the East via various deals with the base acting as a layover point, and the prisoner implied when he was rescued by Big Boss that Cipher had secret dealings with the Pakistani ISI, the British MI6, the West German BND, and even a Soviet intelligence agency.[4] Cipher then had the place bombed, also wiping out the MAGTF dispatched to suppress the black site, although MSF nonetheless suspected Cipher's involvement in the aftermath.
Side Ops information ends here.
Cipher eventually discovered that Paz had survived her encounter with Big Boss. Suspecting that her integrity as an agent had been compromised, they had her detained at the U.S. military base in Cuba, which was being used as a detention facility for "enemies of the state." Cipher also leaked information to the United Nations to provoke an inspection of MSF by the IAEA, officially due to their purchase of nuclear fuel from Uzbekistan. MSF reluctantly allowed the inspection after Huey Emmerich accepted the request, and intended to conceal Metal Gear ZEKE when it took place. Meanwhile, Big Boss would retrieve Paz from the U.S. facility to obtain more intelligence on Cipher, as she was MSF's only viable link to them.
The nuclear inspection turned out to be a smokescreen for an attack by Cipher's strike force XOF, which plotted to assault and destroy MSF's Mother Base in the Caribbean. The attack proved successful, resulting in severe casualties on MSF's end and the destruction of Mother Base, with Big Boss himself eventually falling into a coma. Following this, XOF's commander Skull Face used the information gained from Paz's earlier interrogation to hunt down his "boss" Zero, for reasons relating to revenge. Once he tracked down Zero's location he infected him with a parasite which over time destroyed all of his cognitive functions. Due to his declining health Zero sought to put in place a system which would govern Cipher for years to come so with his immense amount of money (and Sigint's assistance), he commissioned the creation of computer AIs (TJ, TR, AL, and GW) with a fifth head AI that would control the world, even after his eventual death. The idea was to ultimately create a unified world state by using the system to make economics and politics uniform and devoid of free will, in an attempt to erase individuality, an ideology born from a misinterpretation of The Boss's will and his own megalomaniacal desire for total control.
See also: Hospital Escape and Phantom Pain Incident
After awakening from his coma in 1984, Venom Snake was informed by Ocelot that Cipher was conducting research on a new weapons system, which had the potential to surpass Metal Gear. To further investigate this rumor, Venom Snake performed several missions in Afghanistan in order to discover the current whereabouts of Cipher, and eventually caught a break when Huey Emmerich contacted Diamond Dogs wanting to defect from XOF. Unbeknownst to the Diamond Dogs, Skull Face had seized control of Cipher from Zero after infecting him with a parasitic worm, leaving his former commander in a vegetative state. After the death of Skull Face, the organization took back control of XOF, with their eventually ordering XOF to assassinate a CIA agent for his knowledge on the parasitic outbreak, although both the CIA agent and the intended assassin both ended up extracted by Diamond Dogs, causing them to learn of XOF's continued existence despite Skull Face's death and Zero being incapacitated. Cipher later dispatched XOF to retrieve Code Talker's research materials from Lufwa Valley, with Zero Risk Security acting as a relay, although Diamond Dogs interfered with this effort. Aside from this, Cipher also was interested in having total control of the world's energy resources, with their being suspected of hiring the Private Force OE to sabotage an oil pipeline in a landlocked West Asian nation, although this ended up prevented by Diamond Dogs.[5] Eventually, Cipher later ordered a detachment of their soldiers to head to Central Africa in order to reacquire XOF's Metal Gear, Sahelanthropus, and to eliminate its hijackers, specifically Eli and Tretij Rebenok.
The mission, however, ultimately ended in failure with numerous XOF soldiers being killed in the battle. By this time, control of the organization had been fully given over to the AI system named "the Patriots" overseen by Donald Anderson. To avoid a repeat of the Mammal Pod hacking into NORAD during the Peace Walker Incident, they bound the AI to specific rules which limited its capabilities to the filtering of information which they sought to control. The main purpose of this filtration was to ensure that the concepts driving society appeared the same to each and every person within it so any information that went against this was simply filtered out ensuring that people would come to believe what Cipher wanted them to believe. As a result, people would participate in their plan for society under the illusion of doing so of their own free will, a concept comparable to patriotism, hence this new system was named "the Patriots." Over time this also became the name of the organization itself.
Post-Phantom Pain: Big Boss's coups d'état
As time passed, the Patriots gained more and more control over the American government. During the 1990s, the Patriots, through the Pentagon, orchestrated genetic engineering tests on various United States soldiers during the Gulf War using Big Boss's genes. These experiments resulted in the Gulf War Syndrome as well as various Gulf War babies with various deformities. They covered up the activities by claiming that they were caused by exposure to depleted uranium rounds from various tanks.
During the First Liberian Civil War, the Patriots retrieved a child soldier from a relief shelter, through a non-governmental organization. Having been kidnapped by The Patriots and taken away from his commander, Solidus Snake of Les Enfants Terribles, the child was selected due to the hatred he had for himself, and his denial of what he was. The Patriots later subjected him to experiments relating to mind control and memory manipulation, and would use him to further their goals in the future.
In May 1996, the Chief of Naval Operations allegedly committed suicide, resulting in the cancellation of a classified project concerning a new type of battle ship. As a result, the funds freed up within the Pentagon's Black Budget would later be used for ArmsTech's development of a new Metal Gear.
In the mid to late 1990s, Big Boss attempted coups d'état against the Patriots, first in Outer Heaven (using his phantom), and then in Zanzibar Land. However, he was thwarted both times by Solid Snake (his clone); Zero's insurance policy having paid off. The Patriots then had Big Boss placed into a nanomachine-induced coma, to imprison both his physical body and consciousness, and preserve him as the Patriots' icon. Infuriated by this, EVA and Ocelot schemed on how to stop the Patriots. Meanwhile, Dr. Clark (Para-Medic) oversaw the gene research program which would eventually bear the Next-Generation Special Forces: genetically-enhanced soldiers, implanted with Big Boss' "soldier genes."
Entering the 21st century
By the year 2000, the AIs had became Zero's true successors. They were formless, and allotted funds to specific R&D centers and other such companies under the Patriots' control. The AIs were "a set of norms," a neural network in its simplest form, designed to decide and eventually manipulate the fate of the world.
The Patriots, laying the groundwork for the eventual activation of these AIs, particularly GW's information control capabilities, also gave the populace and government organizations a program that was allegedly supposed to counteract the Y2K bug, that was distributed to all key governmental and military computer systems using full access to the Internet, and then given to the civilian population in an OS. This program also contained a sub-program that would be activated once GW's information manipulation and control capabilities were completely installed at a later time. At some point later, JD was launched into outer space as a satellite and placed around space debris in orbit around Earth to make tracking it more difficult. As further insurance that they could not be detected, the Patriots AIs utilized the identity of the then-long deceased members of the Wisemen's Committee
Gray Fox became a test subject of the Patriots, following Zanzibar Land's fall.
By the 21st century, the Patriots had achieved immense political power, effectively controlling America as a totalitarian regime, with their influence affecting politics (including Congress), the military, and the economy.[6] The organization would select who would serve as the President of the United States and would stage Presidential elections in order to please the American public, as well as tricking them into believing that as voters they had control over the government, that the nation was still being led according to the Constitution, and also utilized cut-outs when contacting the President with instructions.[7] In addition, their identities were kept secret to such a degree that not even those who have codeword clearance would know about them, with even the President, while under the pretense of them being 12 members of the Wisemen's Committee, nonetheless was kept in the dark as to their supposed individual identities, as well as exactly what leadership roles they served.[6][7] Via this method, they orchestrated the election of Presidents George Sears and James Johnson. They were also presumably involved in regards to the NMD Program being a success in 2000 under Solidus's command.
In 2002, DARPA Chief Donald Anderson (Sigint) was heavily bribed by ArmsTech President Kenneth Baker to back the Metal Gear REX program and fund its development covertly, in order to overcome a global trend of military downsizing. A weapon such as REX would cause an immediate rift in the global power structure. REX was capable of launching a nuclear warhead without the need for a rocket propulsion system, making it undetectable by radar, and exploiting a loophole in anti-ballistic missile treaties. It could give any country in the world a first-strike capability that other nations would find hard to counter.
In 2003, EVA and Ocelot enlisted the assistance of Naomi Hunter and Gray Fox in order to have Dr. Clark killed. Gray Fox was able to exact revenge on Clark for all the years of torment he had suffered during her gene therapy experiments. Naomi later helped to cover up the incident by claiming that she had died in a lab explosion. At an unknown point prior to February 2005, the Patriots, via the Pentagon, also orchestrated an internal undercover investigation of FOXHOUND.
Main article: Shadow Moses Incident
In 2005, DARPA Chief Donald Anderson and ArmsTech President Kenneth Baker were both present at the nuclear disposal facility on Shadow Moses Island, which had been used to construct Metal Gear REX in secret. The aim was to conduct test experiments of Metal Gear REX's nuclear launch capabilities (firing its rail gun) in a VR environment and retrieve the test data for the Pentagon.
Acting against the Patriots, U.S. President George Sears directly instigated the Shadow Moses Incident, by having his agent Revolver Ocelot incite Liquid Snake into revolting against the U.S. government. FOXHOUND, which had been overseeing the tests, took over the island facility with the Genome Army and hijacked REX. During a torture session, Ocelot killed Donald Anderson (who was aware of Ocelot's identity) and covered it up as an accident, successfully eliminating another founding Patriot member.
The Patriots became involved in the incident through the Pentagon, with the use of the DIA's FOXDIE virus. They countered Sears's plan by using Solid Snake in an attempt to rescue Donald Anderson, also using him as a vector for FOXDIE in order to leave REX (along with the bodies of the Genome Soldiers) undamaged for retrieval. The Pentagon had also sent in Meryl Silverburgh to Shadow Moses prior to the incident, having anticipated its occurrence due to the earlier DOD undercover investigation, and used her to force Roy Campbell into cooperating in the mission, also threatening to arrange for Meryl's death and also Campbell's death should the latter try to expose any information he knew about the mission. To exert their control over the operation, the Patriots utilized Secretary of Defense Jim Houseman, who took charge of the entire operation and who gave the order for Naomi Hunter to inject FOXDIE into Solid Snake. Additionally, DIA operative Richard Ames, who had overseen the FOXDIE program, forced his ex-spouse Nastasha Romanenko into providing mission support for Snake, thus acting as the eyes and ears of the Patriots. Liquid, however, was aware of their involvement, and shortly after REX's destruction, Liquid threatened to kill them in a manner that will "make even the reaper's stomach turn" after revealing that he knew that they were listening in via Snake's Codec.
The Patriots eventually placed Houseman under arrest, after he directly interfered with the operation by ordering a bombing raid on Shadow Moses, ruining the chances for a complete cover up of the incident. The Patriots also intended for Nastasha to die at the end of the incident, but Ames relented and gave her the FOXDIE data as well as the Shadow Moses Incident data to keep the Patriots from harming her, lest she leak all the data onto the web.
While Solid Snake defeated REX and Liquid, Ocelot retrieved REX's battle data for President Sears and later leaked the data via the black market. When details of the event became public, the Patriots removed Sears from office and planned to have him killed, though he escaped by going underground with the help of Ocelot. The Patriots also secretly continued the experimentation on the imprisoned Genome Soldiers after publishing a cover story that stated that they were reassigned to Pease AFB for "training", although rumors managed to circulate about the true reason for their reassignment. In addition, the Patriots also arranged for Ocelot to sell the Metal Gear REX data onto the black market so the earnings (enough money to buy a decent-sized country) could be used for them to develop a new project.[8]
Post-Shadow Moses
In June 2007, journalist Gary McGolden was captured by agents of the Patriots, after supposedly travelling to Shadow Moses while investigating the truth behind the 2005 incident, because of his having the disc containing sensitive information on the 2005 incident. He was interrogated within a weather station, but was subsequently rescued by an "invisible savior."
The Manhattan Incident
See also: Tanker Incident and the Big Shell Incident
The "Wisemen's Committee" of the Patriots.
By 2007, the U.S. Marines had initiated a project to build a new type of Metal Gear, in order to counteract the increasing number of Metal Gear derivatives being built after its specifications were leaked onto the black market. This new Metal Gear was Metal Gear RAY, though its development did not fall in line with the Patriots' plans, and the organization decided to reclaim RAY for their own. In addition, Philanthropy not only uncovered further evidence of their existence, but also evidence that they were involved in the creation of the United States Navy's version of Metal Gear.[8]
In August 2007, the Patriots decided to eliminate the threats posed by both RAY's development and the anti-Metal Gear activities of the NGO Philanthropy. Information on RAY's development was leaked to Philanthropy in order to lure out Hal Emmerich and Solid Snake, the latter of whom had become a hero in the wake of Shadow Moses.[9] While Snake infiltrated the dummy oil tanker on which RAY was being transported, the Patriots monitored their Codec communication channels, though this was later discovered by Otacon. Patriot agent Revolver Ocelot took over the tanker with the help of Sergei Gurlukovich and his mercenary army, but he later betrayed them, sank the ship, and stole the RAY prototype (though he claimed to be "taking it back"[10]), framing Snake and Otacon in the process. For the Patriots, the incident was a success. The Patriots immediately sent a loaded oil tanker to the same location and sank it. This necessitated the construction of the offshore cleanup facility, the Big Shell, which was used to disguise the development of Arsenal Gear.
Arsenal Gear was the Patriots' tool for securing power over the United States and in the world. The Patriots hoped to use Arsenal as a way of shaping the "truth" to fit their agenda. Arsenal Gear served the sole purpose of housing GW, one of their proxy-AIs designed to censor and delete unwanted information that could loosen their grip on the United States. For instance, GW controlled information through the media, television and mainly the free flow of data from the Internet. This was a means to completely censor any data detrimental to the Patriots' rule. This is a method of memetic eugenics, in which memes were artificially selected for or against by GW. Emma Emmerich was the main engineer to the programming for GW.
After the Tanker Incident, the Patriots had also staged terrorist attacks, that would later be attributed to SEALs anti-terrorist squad Dead Cell, killing many of their own allies and civilians alike.[11] This was namely done to have Dead Cell go renegade. In late 2008, the Patriots led an extermination campaign against Dead Cell that eliminated two members (Chinaman and Old Boy) while three members (Fortune, Fatman, and Vamp) survived, as part of the Patriots' master plan. They also manipulated the U.S. President, James Johnson, into defecting to Solidus Snake's Sons of Liberty terrorist group by feeding and denying his ambitions to become a full member of the Patriots, instead of a mere pawn for him to fill in the role of President Baker during the Shadow Moses Incident. At some point during this time, they also injected one of their agents with life-monitoring nanomachines that would take away the injected person's life if one of their pawns failed in a mission, to give Raiden additional leverage later on. They also recruited Fatman to become a plant to test Raiden's progress, although they weren't able to convince him easily, eventually necessitating the arrangement for Peter Stillman to be coaxed out of retirement as a way of getting Fatman to agree to their demands, as he wanted to murder his former mentor.
In April 2009, the Patriots staged their plan by manipulating the information that surrounded the Big Shell Incident. Their agent Raiden was sent in to test the exercise and forced Olga Gurlukovich (by holding her child hostage) to assist him. Eventually, Rosemary, Raiden's girlfriend, admitted to her stance as a Patriot agent. She also admitted to Raiden that while she was keeping tabs on him for the Patriots, she legitimately fell in love with him and that she was pregnant. She was eventually removed from the mission and used as leverage against Raiden later on after she admitted this.
After GW was infected with Emma's worm cluster, Liquid Ocelot had Arsenal Gear crash into Manhattan in order to recover GW, killing many civilians and destroying national landmarks in the process. The master AI, while using the AI posing as Colonel Campbell as well as an AI posing as Rose, then contacted Raiden and, after hinting that there were more AIs than just GW, revealed to Raiden that the Patriots were formed as a sort of "non-corporeal consciousness" over the course of many years in the White House, comparing it to the formation and evolution of humanity itself. Using the data they collected from this exercise, their AIs (such as GW) would be improved even more. They also explained that they intended to control humanity via the manipulation of information (or in its words, giving it context), as well as revealing that they actually lied to Ocelot in regards to the actual details of their plan, codenamed the S3 Plan, or at the very least telling him a half truth. The S3 Plan did not stand for "Solid Snake Simulation" but "Selection for Societal Sanity", which acted as an experiment for them to see if they could indeed manipulate humanity's personalities and memories.[12] After explaining their plans as well as the reason why they chose Raiden, the master AI then told Raiden to kill the Patriot defecter Solidus Snake. Raiden refused, deciding that he had enough of being told what to do by the Patriots. Unfortunately, the master AI had already anticipated this action, and reminded him that Olga's child was linked up as well as revealing that Rose was linked the same way, threatening to kill Olga's child, Rose, and their unborn child if he either failed or outright refused to participate. While goading Raiden to deliver the finishing blow, the master AI also hinted that the Patriots only viewed soldiers and humanity as tools and machines to be discarded after their usefulness had been expended.[13] After Solidus was defeated, Snake told Raiden to find himself before joining Philanthropy, suspecting that the Patriots were most likely going to continue using Olga's child and presumably Rose as leverage against him.
After the Big Shell Incident, Philanthropy "traced" the Patriots using information retrieved from Arsenal Gear, but discovered that all twelve members of the Patriots had been dead for at least a hundred years (as early as the 1900s), and that "one of them was [Philanthropy's] biggest contributor." Snake deduced that the information retrieved from the Arsenal Gear was false; it was only a fake lead orchestrated by the Patriots. The names they discovered were most likely the names of the original Wisemen's Committee that founded the Philosophers.
The war economy
The SOP System was created to monitor and control soldiers.
Originally, Zero had commissioned the creation of the Patriot AIs because he had become skeptical that his human subordinates would be able to successfully carry out his will. However the synthetic nature of the system meant that it was necessary for the instructions provided by it to be carried out by humans and when Zero's will was put into the hands of others it began to decay over time and deviate completely from what it once was. At an unknown point in the proxy-AIs also underwent a mutation that gave them a will of their own and enabled them to decide on a better way to accomplish their goals: war. They created the war economy and started a battlefield revolution similar to the industrial and digital revolutions that was described as "a new world without ideology, principles, or ideals, not even the thing [The Boss] treasured the most: loyalty. It was a colossal error in judgment – one Zero couldn't possibly have foreseen." To control the flow of information, they would control the economy, by influencing the outcome of these wars through the Sons of the Patriots system which would also allow them to control individual people. The Patriots planned to extend their control down to the civilian level, actively controlling and censoring people through nanomachines, such as the nickname "La-li-lu-le-lo." In this case, members of "the system" were under the Patriots' direct influence could not even mention the name "the Patriots" and were forced by their nanomachines to say the codename.
Besides expanding the war economy, the Patriots also redid their cyborg ninja experiments. Raiden was captured during his mission for the Paradise Lost Army to retrieve Big Boss's body, and ended up being placed in a cyborg ninja body after removing his skull from the upper jaw down and his spine from his body, a process that nearly killed him before he was rescued by Paradise Lost and resuscitated by Dr. Drago Pettrovich Madnar in Eastern Europe. Besides Raiden, they also conducted cyborg-related experiments on at least 30 other individuals, although it is not known whether they went as far as to remove the soldiers from the top portion of the skull down to do so, it is known that part of the experiments entailed replacing at the very least their left forearms with a cybernetic limb that was equipped with some of their data, including research regarding a perpetual energy source.
In 2014, Liquid Ocelot brought the five biggest private military companies to his control under a single mother company called Outer Heaven. The five companies together rivaled that of the U.S. military in firepower, and Liquid was preparing to unleash his insurrection and hijack the SOP system from the Patriots (now fully controlled by JD). To counter Liquid's plans, the Patriots managed to trick and manipulate Meryl Silverburgh and her group (similar to how they tricked Raiden in 2009) and enlisted Drebin 893 (who, unlike the others, knew of his stance as a Patriot agent) to assist Old Snake and Otacon in their mission to terminate Liquid Ocelot. However, the Patriots did not foresee that Snake and Otacon would destroy the Patriots themselves in the process thanks to the true nature of Liquid Ocelot's plan. The Patriots had Drebin inject an unassuming Snake with a new FOXDIE virus to kill the rival Patriot faction: Liquid Ocelot, should Snake fail to kill Liquid himself, Big Mama (a.k.a. EVA) if Snake crossed paths with her, and Big Boss, should he ever awake from his coma and meet up with Snake.
The Patriots were ultimately destroyed by the FOXALIVE virus (an opposite to the FOXDIE virus) created by Naomi Hunter and Sunny, who borrowed some code from the original virus created by Emma Emmerich to destroy GW, which would infect and terminate JD and the other AIs (TJ, TR, and AL) which ran the Patriots, ending them forever. However, Sunny managed to pick and choose parts of society vital to the survival of modern civilization, preventing the "world chaos" Liquid Ocelot predicted in his victory speech.
With the Patriots' AIs destroyed and Liquid Ocelot defeated by Snake, there was one more threat that needed to be eliminated: Zero, the man who started the entire fiasco and the main founder of the Patriots. Shortly after JD had been effectively destroyed, Big Boss awoke from his coma and found the location of Zero's stronghold. After arriving there, he discovered Zero was a mere shadow of his former self: a man, whose advanced years had put him in a vegetative-like state and who was kept alive solely by machines. Big Boss then wheeled him over to Arlington Cemetery, and after explaining to Snake (his eldest son) about the full story of what happened in regards to the Patriots, Big Boss euthanized Zero by cutting off his oxygen supply. Shortly thereafter, Big Boss died from the effects of the new FOXDIE virus within Snake, thus ending the Patriots for good. However, although the Patriots were defunct, Drebin implied that their closest successors might be the United Nations and that the oppressive cycle would continue.[14]
Post-Guns of the Patriots
After the fall of the Patriots, more people, including Courtney Collins and Kevin Washington, managed to find out about the Patriots' existence, as well as their ties in SOP being removed, although it was still in the minority. Even those who did know about the Patriots did not often state their existence publicly, largely because it would either result in them being denounced by the public as "crackpots", or in the off chance that they did believe them, it would have resulted in there being a massive global panic. Speculation on the Patriots did persist to some extent on the Internet, with some being very close to the truth, although they were dismissed by the mainstream as being "just another conspiracy theory." When Courtney was briefed on the Patriots existence by Kevin during the former's orientation into Maverick, she initially thought he was trying to pull a "BS-detecting test" on her, although she quickly figured out otherwise.
In addition, thanks in part to FOXALIVE, all the information the Patriots had covered up became exposed, including cyborg development techniques, which resulted in a surplus of cyborg development. They would later leave their mark on the world, as the PMCs the Patriots once tightly controlled start to break up into different factions and began running autonomous operations against each other, becoming obstacles in achieving unilateral world peace. In addition, their legacy regarding cyborgs also persisted in 30 former test subjects (not counting Raiden), which had joined the PMCs Desperado and World Marshal. Raiden later encountered them and extracted their left arms, with which he had Doktor analyze them. Doktor, when analyzing data from the arms that included development for a perpetual motion device, also speculated that the Patriots' research on a perpetual energy source had been very close to successfully completed before they were destroyed.
Besides leaving their mark in the war economy, they also left their mark in other areas. An especially notable example was censorship and the mainstream media, to the extent that even after the Patriots' death, the mainstream media still chose to not report on things that did not fit the narrative, as the United States government still found it to be too useful to simply get rid of it. The Patriots' involvement in the creation of the War Economy was also indirectly alluded to by Desperado member Sundowner, where he mockingly asked Raiden when confronting him at World Marshal's HQ building's server room if he believed that all historical battles were caused by a conspiracy, also citing that the Patriots merely maintained and fueled the war economy, not actually creating it.[15]
The Patriots were named after the colonial American Patriots, a group of colonists of the British Thirteen United Colonies, who rebelled against British Empire's control during the American Revolution. It was their leading figures who, in July 1776, declared the United States of America an independent nation.
"Cipher" was the name the Patriots had assumed in its early years during the Peace Walker Incident. The word Cipher in medieval times meant "zero", derived from the Arabic word ṣifr; also means "empty." In cryptography, a cipher is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption — a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure; mirror the nature of the Patriots (an encrypted and hidden organization) and, later, of the proxy-AI (a series of norms and procedures).
The names of the AIs (aside from JD, the core AI) were the initials of the four American Presidents whose likenesses appear on Mt. Rushmore: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln. They shared these names with the AI pods of the 1970s Peace Walker project, which were the idea of CIA Station Chief Hot Coldman.
"La Li Lu Le Lo" was a term automatically substituted for "Patriots." Government and military officials and others under the Patriots' direct control were manipulated by nanomachines inside their bodies so that whenever they tried to say the word "Patriots," their mouths would actually form the words "La Li Lu Le Lo" to keep the information secret. However, it is also thought that the term is simply trained into their operatives, as known Patriot affiliates under their control such as James Johnson, Revolver Ocelot, and Drebin 893 can talk freely of the Patriots. The phrase was previously used as a password answer during Operation Snake Eater, when Major Zero directed Naked Snake to ask "Who are the Patriots?", in order to identify their KGB contact ADAM.
David Oh (Zero; leader)
Adamska (Ocelot; informant)
John (Big Boss; icon)
Donald Anderson (Sigint; technician, leader of Cipher after Zero's incapacitation and Skull Face's death)
Dr. Clark (Para-Medic; scientist)
EVA (spy)
Known AIs
The Patriots' AIs
JD (John Doe, the core AI)
GW (George Washington)
TJ (Thomas Jefferson)
TR (Theodore Roosevelt)
AL (Abraham Lincoln)
Peace Walker Project AIs
GW-Pupa 5000
TJ-Chrysalis 6000
TR-Cocoon 7000
AL-Aurelia 8000
BS-Imago
Revolver Ocelot (triple agent)
Raiden (unknowingly)
Solidus Snake (a.k.a. George Sears; pre-2005)
Solid Snake (unknowingly; pre-2007)
Jim Houseman
Richard Ames
James Johnson (pre-2009)
Olga Gurlukovich (forced due to her child being captive)
Drebin 893
Meryl Silverburgh and Rat Patrol Team 01 (unknowingly)
Cipher agents
Pacifica Ocean (triple agent)
Kazuhira Miller (business associate; 1974)
Skull Face (leader of XOF, Cipher's strike force; Zero's executive officer, leader of Cipher after successful mutiny)
Quiet (assassin; 1984)
The English "L" sound (as in leaf or mild) does not exist in the Japanese phonetic alphabet, making "La li lu le lo" an impossible utterance in Japanese. Instead, the Japanese have a sound that can be either L-like or R-like depending on its location in a word, with the English "L" being somewhat unattainable (the phrase would thus be spoken as "Ra ri ru re ro"). The idea is that the Patriots change their name to be a phrase that cannot be spoken or written down. However, since English does have the "L", this concept could not be translated. This idea is also subtly referred to when Emma explains the Patriots' attempts at censorship to Raiden and how GW ties in to it, when she mentions that the twenty-six letter alphabet could have originally been thirty and that they removed a few letters.
When the Patriots contact Raiden late into the mission and explain their motives, there was originally going to be a demo playing showing the ascent of the Arsenal Gear when the AI explains that they were formed in the White House since America's beginnings, as well as have a sample of The Star Spangled Banner play between his statement that they were sheltered under the American flag and his claim that they are formless. These elements were cut in the final version, alongside the reference to the American flag, presumably because of the 9/11 attacks. The cut can easily be gleaned with a noticeable audio pause between Colonel's "a base of evolution" and "we are formless."[16]
While explaining to Raiden their origins, the Patriots refer to their connection to America in an intimate manner, indicating that they are inseparable. This description was similar to the Japanese philosophical concept of kokutai (国体, kokutai?), or civic soul, which is derived from the mytho-political past of Japan, in which the Japanese emperor is held to be a direct genetic descendant of the sun goddess Amaretsu. This living presence of the soul of a nation has no precise analogue in Western culture, the closest match in American political language being "patriotic spirit."[17][18]
According to Hideo Kojima's commentary for Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the Patriots were conceptualized during his establishment of the character setting for Solidus, in order to not make Solidus the absolute bad guy.[19] Likewise, in the Grand Game Plan, Kojima stated that he intended the Patriots to be the absolute bad guy, and the American Government, by extension, basing it on a common thread of Hollywood films to make absolute bad guys depending on the times (e.g., Native Americans for Westerns, Germany and Japan for post World War II era war films, Russians for Cold War era spy films, Chinese for post Cold War films, terrorists in films made in the 1990s, etc.).[20] He also claimed that he was inspired to create the Patriots due to reading a news article during development where the United States government pursued a lawsuit against the music download service Napster.[21][22]
In the Snake Tales story External Gazer, Snake is briefly stuck in a parallel universe and believes that he is Raiden. He and Rose keep getting interrupted while trying to enjoy each other's company. At one point, the "La-li-lu-le-lo" shows up (appearing like the Colonel) on their television set, randomly talking about how to keep toilets clean. They are then joined by two alternate versions, called the "Ta-ti-to-te-to" and "I-ro-ha-ni-ho-he-to", which also give advice. The last version's name refers to Iroha, an old-fashioned hiragana ordering system (the more prevalent ordering is called gojūon). "I ro ha ni ho he to" is the first of seven lines in an Iroha poem that contains each character of the hiragana exactly once, much like the English ABCs song.
According to Kojima, the developers considered using the word "Patoriotto" (パトリオット) as the ask/answer code for Snake to identify ADAM with in Rassvet. However, in order to form a word tie with the Patriots ("aikokushyatachi") in Metal Gear Solid 2, they decided to use the word "aikokushya" (愛国者) instead. [23] However, Kojima also said that there was no relation between the term and the organization in Metal Gear Solid 2.[24]
The ending of Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater originally implied that the Patriots were formed from the then-current leadership of the American Philosophers, after obtaining the Legacy and using it to restore their lost power and influence. However, the American Philosophers' role changed with Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops, in which Zero and Ocelot take the Legacy for themselves and bring about the end of the organization, in order to establish the Patriots in its place.
In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Snake can contact Colonel Campbell while fighting Luigi, who will make several disparaging remarks towards Snake's opponent. When Snake questions the Colonel's behavior, he begins repeating the phrase "La li lu le lo," implying that he may actually be a Patriot AI. His repeating the phrase was itself a reference to one of the random calls by the Colonel after he starts being affected by Emma's worm cluster.
Although the Patriots do not appear in Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance due to it taking place after their shutdown in Metal Gear Solid 4, their impact as well as the organization itself are frequently referenced. In addition, thirty enemies which act as collectibles due to their left arms are mentioned by Doktor to contain data directly relating to the Patriots. This also creates the implication that the data found in Raiden's arm (specifically, the blueprints for Mastiff, Blade Wolf, and a modified RAY unit) had originally been Patriot-developed prior to their shutdown. In addition, five cyborgs, known as the Men In Boxes, are also mentioned to have originated from Area 51, although it is not made clear whether the Patriots were responsible for their existence (as they had owned Area 51 prior to their shutdown).
The group also appeared on the Versus Battle on the series official site, where they fought Philanthropy.
"STRENGTHS:
The Most Powerful Organization in the World
Corruption Can Consume All
FEATURED FACT:
Also known as Cipher, & La-li-lu-le-lo to their nano-controlled subjects, the Patriots were founded by Zero, Ocelot, Big Boss, Sigint, Para-Medic, & EVA
FEATURED GAME:
METAL GEAR SOLID: THE LEGACY COLLECTION"
―The Patriots in Versus Battle
The Patriots' AI system, or rather, the four regular AIs and their namesake of Mt. Rushmore, were later referenced as the third and final MG America Fact on the official Metal Gear Twitter page, with pictures including GW as it appeared in MGS4 and the actual Mt. Rushmore.[25]
Philosophers' Legacy
^ In the English version of Metal Gear Solid, Liquid Snake tells Solid Snake that Big Boss was in a coma when the Les Enfants Terribles project took place. In the Japanese version, it's simply stated that Big Boss was left sterile due to a combat injury.
Solid Snake: "I thought international law banned the military use of genetic therapy." // Naomi Hunter: "Yes, but those are just declarations, not actual treaties."
^ Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, Kojima Productions (2010).
Pacifica Ocean: The Cold War Order is about to collapse. The age of electronic intelligence is about to begin. The NSA, CSS, NRO, DIA, et cetera, et cetera... The intelligence community that has long bickered amongst itself will be united in a world governed by electrons.
^ Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes, Kojima Productions (2014).
Kazuhira Miller: This is the target. The military hasn't retrieved the information themselves, probably because they no longer know who in the Marines they can trust. This 'subversion' appears to extend all the way to the base's higher-ups, and the source of it? The organization Paz spoke of - Cipher. You can bet on it. They're involved with the creation of that black site... And that is why the Pentagon chose us. We're their bait to catch Cipher. Which means it also becomes a golden opportunity for us. We might actually get an up close and personal look at the bastards.
Prisoner 12282: Boss… I never expected you would come… This place is full of “enemy combatants” renditioned from all over the world. But I couldn’t believe how many groups were asking the questions. They gotta have some kind of secret agreement. At a guess, I’d say there were MI6, BND, ISI… I even heard one guy speaking Russian. Yeah, they’re making deals with the East too. Local agencies will snatch dissidents who’ve defected to the West and then send ‘em back across the Iron Curtain… after a stopover here. They’re dealing in “leverage” on foreign administrations. Backdoor money. Scandals. Financial fraud. By sharing information that governments want to sweep under the rug, they gain leniency for their agencies. They’re trying to create some kind of HUMINT network without borders. Sorry, that’s all I know.
^ Key Dispatch Mission 15: Defend the Oil Pipeline:
"Request from a landlocked West Asian nation. OE squads have been conducting a campaign of sabotage attacks against the nation's almost-complete natural gas pipeline. The Intel Team suspects they are being backed by Cipher, as a means to maintain a grip on the world's energy distribution. Defend the pipeline, and fight off attacking OE units."
^ a b Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (script), Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001)
Raiden: But you’re the President –- you have power... // President: No. I’m just a figurehead. // Raiden: ? // President: I don’t have any control. The real power is in the Patriots’ hands. // Raiden: The Patriots...? // President: The truth behind this country... // To President 3 movie demo 1 // P049_03_M01 The President 3 movie demo 1 (White House, etc.) Actual footage // Actual footage... White House / Pentagon aerial shots etc. // President: I’m not surprised you’ve never heard of them. Very few are aware of their existence, even among those with codeword clearance. // Raiden: ? // President: Politics, the military, the economy – they control it all. They even choose who becomes President. // President: Putting it simply, the Patriots rule this country. // Raiden: No... (unbelievable! Is this guy okay?) // Actual footage... The American flag. // President: (self-depreciatingly) Hm. Hard to believe, isn’t it? But it’s the truth. // President: The Space Defense, income tax reduction and the National Missile Defense (NMD) programs -– every policy that’s been credited to me was actually done according to their instructions. // Raiden: Space Defense was initiated by Congress... // President: That’s what the Patriots want to the country to believe... // President: It’s all a show. ‘Democracy’ is just a filler for textbooks! // President: Think about it! Do you actually believe that public opinion influences // Raiden: ...No. // President: This country is shaped and controlled as the Patriots see fit. The people are shown what they want to believe. What you call government is actually a well-staged production aimed at satisfying the public! // Raiden: ... // President: Don’t look at me like that –- I’m legally sane, you know. // Raiden: It’s not your sanity that worries me...
^ a b Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001).
James Johnson: The Patriots -– even I don’t know who the actual members are. Are they financial, political, or military leaders? No one knows who the Patriots really are. Even my instructions come from a cut-out. All I’ve been told is that every key decision is made by a group of twelve men known as the Wiseman’s Committee.
^ a b Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001).
Otacon explains this in an optional Codec conversation during the Tanker Incident in 2007.
^ Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001).
Otacon: Photos of Snake -- taken by the Cypher -- were released to the public. In turn, we became the world's most wanted environmental terrorists... It was definitely a move aimed at putting a stop to our anti-Metal Gear activities.
Raiden: But why did they choose Snake?
Otacon: Since the Shadow Moses incident, Snake became sort of a hero. I think the Patriots weren't too happy about that.
Raiden: You knew about the Patriots!?
Otacon: Well yes... to a certain degree.
Raiden: It seems like everyone knows about them except me.
Otacon: They didn't choose Snake to be a hero...
Raiden: So they decided to do a smear campaign.
Otacon: I think the Patriots wanted to make an example of him so everybody would think twice before opposing them.
Raiden: That's it! They set all this up just to nail you guys?
^ When Ocelot encountered Scott Dolph in the cargo hold that RAY was being held, Ocelot denied Dolph's claim of stealing it and stated that he was actually trying to "take it back." Ocelot later elaborates when unveiling his true colors that he intended to return it to the Patriots.
^ Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001).
Vamp: Six months ago, we lost everything we believed in... We were abandoned to take the fall in their cover up. We were labeled as killers responsible for the mass-murder of civilians as well as our own allies. And the "public" believed every word, turning a deaf ear to whatever we had to say to the contrary. Our only goal is to wipe them from the face of the earth -- and destroy this world of deceit they have created along with them.
Raiden: You're insane.
Vamp: Insane? We might be the only ones telling the truth...
Colonel: Ocelot was not told the whole truth, to say the least. // Rose (AI): We rule an entire nation -– of what interest would a single soldier, no matter how able, be to us? // Colonel: The S3 plan does not stand for Solid Snake Simulation. What is does stand for is Selection for Societal Sanity...
Colonel: Raiden, you have to beat [Solidus Snake]! This is your last duty! // Raiden: We're not just pawns in some simulation game, you know! // Rosemary: Yes, you are. You're nothing but mere weapons. No different from fighter jets or tanks. // Raiden: What the -- // Colonel: The old model destroyed four years ago was "REX"... // Rose: The new amphibious model is "RAY"... // Colonel: Both of these are the same as the code names used by the U.S. Armed Forces to refer to Japanese war planes during World War II. // Rose: Your code name "Raiden" too, comes from the Japanese navy's name for one of its interceptors... // Raiden: Stop it! I'm not a weapon!! // Rose: Oh really? Do you know the code name the U.S. Armed Forces used for the Japanese fighter "Raiden"? // Colonel: It was "Jack". Both of you are just weapons to be used and thrown away. // Rose: Just weapons to be used on the battlefield. Just pawns in a game -- exactly as you said. // Colonel: And a weapon has no right to think for itself! Now, it's time to fulfill your purpose! Defeat [Solidus Snake]!
^ Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, Kojima Productions (2008).
Drebin: The White House might've lost its taste for unilateralism... Started to rebuild. But there's a lot of failed states out there that went bankrupt from their PMC habits... And they owe a shit load of money. Now only question is... Who's gonna pick up the tab? I'm sure these new governments will try and keep it under control with PMC corporate reform laws... But it ain't gonna be good enough. They're all sunk up to their eyeballs in the war economy. Might not be a New World Order... But the old order under the war economy's gone for good. I'm guessin' the UN is gonna be more important than ever, what with multilateralism and all. A certain President said it best back during the Cold War... For in the development of this organization rests the only true alternative to war. Then again, the UN itself's just an old 20th-century relic. And if you think about it... When you look at its history... It ain't that different from the Patriots. // Otacon: That's right... The nanomachines used to keep you sober. // Drebin: Crush. Mix. Burn. Repeat.
^ Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (TGS Story Trailer), Kojima Productions/Platinum Games (2012).
Sundowner: We're [Desperado] just suppliers... We don't create the market for war... Did you think that every battle in history was all part of some big ol' conspiracy?
^ Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (script), Konami Computer Entertainment Japan (2001)
Colonel: Over the past two hundred years -- A kind of consciousness formed layer by layer in the crucible of the White House. // (To AG Ascent 21 Codec demo 2) // (P080_21_R02 AG Ascent Codec demo 2 (Colonel, continued) Codec screen) // Colonel: It’s not unlike the way like started in the oceans four billion years ago. The White House was our primordial soup, a base of evolution. Under the protection of the flag... (“The Star-Spangled Banner” starts up.) // Colonel: We (The Patriots) are formless... We are the very discipline and morality that Americans invoke so often. How can anyone hope to eliminate us? As long as this nation exists, so will we.
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20060407121720/http://www.adilegian.com/patriotslegacy.htm
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20060407121720/http://www.adilegian.com/PDF/brownlee.pdf
^ Metal Gear Solid 2 Grand Game Plan
^ https://lifeaschopsticks.wordpress.com/2011/04/16/postmodernism-in-metal-gear-solid-2-sons-of-liberty-ps2/
^ https://www.ignboards.com/threads/dreaming-in-an-empty-room-a-defense-of-metal-gear-solid-2.114147999/#:~:text=In%20several%20interviews%2C%20Kojima%20said%20he%20got%20the,step%20closer%20to%20a%20science-fiction%20world%20of%20mind-control.
^ https://twitter.com/metalgear_en/status/750048563392946176
Retrieved from "https://metalgear.fandom.com/wiki/The_Patriots?oldid=274983" | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line580 |
__label__wiki | 0.590932 | 0.590932 | Home/All Products/Fr. Denis Fahey Complete set
Fr. Denis Fahey Complete set
CODE: FaheySet*
Complete Set of Fr. Denis Fahey's books - 14 Titles
Mental Prayer According to the Teaching of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1927)
Secret Societies and the Kingship of Christ (1928)
The Kingship of Christ According to the Principles of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1931)
The Social Rights of Our Divine Lord Jesus Christ the King Adapted from the French of Rev. A. Phillippe C.SS.R. by Fr. Denis Fahey C.S.Sr. (1932)
The Mystical Body of Christ in the Modern World (1935)
The Rulers of Russia (1938)
The Workingmen’s Guilds of the Middle Ages (1943) (A translation of the work by Dr. Godefroid Kurth C.S.G.)
The Kingship of Christ and Organized Naturalism (1943)
Money Manipulation and the Social Order (1944)
The Mystical Body of Christ and the Reorganization of Society (1945)
The Tragedy of James Connolly (1947)
The Rulers of Russia and the Russian Farmers (1948)
The Kingship of Christ and the Conversion of the Jewish Nation (1953)
The Church and Farming (1953)
“I repeatedly promised Saint Peter that if I ever got the chance, I would teach the truth about his Master in the way he and his successors, the Roman Pontiffs, wanted it done. That is what I have striven to do and am doing.”
—Rev. Denis Fahey
Loreto’s Introduction to Father Denis Fahey
When Jesus Christ, our King and Master, taught us how to pray to His Father and Our Father, he used the phrase “thy kingdom come, thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven.” In heaven God’s will is perfectly accomplished, but here on earth, fallen mankind cannot fulfill God’s will without the constant assistance of sanctifying grace communicated to the world through the sacraments of His church.
After the fall of Adam, a world perfectly ordered to God’s divine will was corrupted and dis-order became the ‘natural’ state of mankind and the created universe. It was the role of the Messias to re-order this fallen world—to bring a new state of order to the world His Father had created. The means for establishing that order by which a fallen world may return to God is the Catholic church and the life of sanctifying grace. As Christians newly born into the life of grace—a ‘supernatural’ state of being—we are all called to bring as much order to this world as is possible, all the while never forgetting that this world is in a fallen and corrupted state and that a ‘utopia’ is not possible here on earth. The Church of Christ is constantly opposed in this mission by all of the forces of ‘naturalism’ or dis-order, that is those forces opposed to the supernatural life of divine grace. It is the duty of all Christians of the Church Militant to battle against these forces.
This calling of Christians to the battle for order was the motto of the pontificate of Pope Saint Pius X. That motto was Instaurare Omnia in Christo, “to restore all things in Christ”, taken from Saint Paul’s letter to the Ephesians 1:10. The modern popes have frequently warned us of the dangers of ‘naturalism’, which denies the supernatural life of grace and militates against it, and they have called us to fight in our private and public lives against this pernicious error. No priest has heeded that call and risen to defend the supernatural life of grace as clearly and as vigorously as Father Denis Fahey. He truly understood, and explained why, there is no salvation outside the Catholic church, either for individual persons or for the life of society and of nations.
A clear image of just what the life of a Christian in a society imbued from top to bottom with the social principles of Christ the King would be like, is not a widely shared understanding in much of the Christian world today, especially in America. We must remember that Christianity is a religion of world conquest! We are called to conquer the world for Christ and to do all that we can to subdue persons and nations to His will. A Catholic undertakes this battle first within himself and then within his family. Soon the influence of many families begins to pervade the community and then the nation or state. If Christian people do not have the full picture in their mind of exactly what God’s Plan for Order in this world would look like in its accomplishment, then they can have no long-term strategy for victory and little hope of achieving it. We have all of the tools required and all of the powers of heaven backing us. Let us take into our hearts and our minds the full plan and its potential for the realization of peace in the world and Christ the King of heaven and earth will bless our efforts. This was the permanent admonition of Fr. Fahey.
Father Fahey was a seminarian and was ordained in Rome during the pontificate of Pius X. The young priest was deeply influenced and inspired by that pope. When he penned a short Apologia for his work, Father Fahey expressed his vocation in this fashion:
“When in Rome I began to realize more fully the real significance of the history of the world, as the account of the acceptance and rejection of Our Lord’s Program for Order. I used to ask permission to remain at the Confession of St. Peter, while the other scholastics went round the basilica.
“I spent the time there going over the history of the world, and I repeatedly promised Saint Peter that if I ever got the chance, I would teach the truth about his Master in the way he and his successors, the Roman Pontiffs, wanted it done.
That is what I have striven to do and am doing.”
Father Fahey not only clarified, explained, taught, and defended ‘Our Lord’s Program for Order’ in the world, he also actively fought and exposed the persons who were the enemies of that order. Because he did so, he has often been called ‘negative’ or ‘anti-Semitic’, or ‘much too concerned with Masonic conspiracies’. These are the pathetic terms of opprobrium hurled with such energy by those enemies of Christ whose plans he has effectively opposed. But in this he was in good company with St. Louis Marie de Montfort and Our Lady, who appears ‘terrible as an army set in battle array’ to the enemies of her divine son.
Listen to the words of St. Louis Marie as he stresses the two functions of our Blessed Mother, the positive one of making Our Lord known, and the negative one of making war upon His enemies.
Mary must be manifested more than ever by her mercy, her power and her grace in these latter times; by her mercy, bringing back and lovingly welcoming the poor strayed sinners who will be converted and will return to the Catholic Church; by her power, against the enemies of God, idolaters, schismatics, Mohammedans, Jews, and men hardened in impiety, who will rise in terrible revolt to seduce all those who oppose them and to make them fall by promises and threats; she must also be made manifest by her grace animating and sustaining the valiant soldiers and faithful servants of Jesus Christ, who shall battle for His interests.
And lastly, Mary must be terrible to the devil and his ministers, as an army in battle array, principally in these latter times, because the devil knowing that he has but little time, and now less than ever, to damn souls, will every day redouble his efforts and his combats. He will before long raise up cruel persecutions and will lay terrible snares for the faithful servants and true children of Mary whom he finds more difficult to conquer than the others.
Loreto Publications has re-issued all of the previously published works of Fr. Fahey and making them available to a much wider audience. The works of Fr. Fahey are critically important for Catholics to read, understand, and disseminate in our day when the forces of ‘organized naturalism’ or ‘anti-supernaturalism’ seem to be rampaging triumphantly through the Church and the world today. Arm yourselves for the battle! | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line583 |
__label__cc | 0.703772 | 0.296228 | Candy World – Free Demo for PC
Fun Facts about Candies:
– Fairy Floss was the original name of the cotton candy. It was invented by the dentist William Morrison.
– In the United States, National Cotton Candy Day is celebrated on November 7th.
– The Snickers candy bar, which was introduced in 1929 by Frank and Ethel Mars, was named after the family horse.
– For Valentine’s Day more than 36 million heart-shaped boxes of chocolate are sold
– In the 1800’s physicians commonly advised their broken-hearted patients to eat chocolate to calm their pining.
– Chocolate contains phenyl ethylamine (PEA), a natural substance that is said to stimulate the same reaction in the body as falling in love.
– Milk chocolate was first introduced in 1875 by Henry Nestle and Daniel Peter.
– 2.8 billion pounds of chocolate are consumed in America each year, which is over 11 pounds per person.
– The U.S. produce more chocolate than any other country in the world but the Swiss consume the most, followed closely by the United Kingdom.
– More than $7 billion a year are spent on chocolate.
– Sixty million chocolate Easter bunnies are produced each year.
– A lollipop, which was invented by George Smith in 1908, was named after Lolly Pop, a racing horse.
– The word “candy” comes from ancient Indian Sanskrit. Khanda means “a piece of sugar.”
– Before sugar came west, Egyptians used honey and made candy by adding figs, nuts, dates and spices.
– The manufacturing of sugar began during the middle ages and it was so expensive that only the rich could afford it.
– In the Middle Ages candy appeared on the tables of only the most wealthy at first.
– The price of manufacturing sugar was much lower by the 17th century when hard candy became popular.
– The first candy came to America in the early 18th century from Britain and France.
– In 1847, the invention of the candy press made it possible to produce multiple shapes and sizes of candy at once.
– Machine-spun cotton candy was invented in 1897 by the dentist William Morrison and confectioner John C.
– Candies like peppermint and lemon drops became popular near the beginning of the 20th century.
– M&M’s were first introduced commercially in 1941 by Forrest Mars. During the war, M&M’s were exclusively sold to the military.
– Snickers is the best-selling candy bar in the world.
– In Germany, Haribo gummy bears were the first gummy candy ever made in 1922.
– The word ‘PEZ’ comes from German word for peppermint – PfeffErmintZ.
– The continent with the highest candy consumption is actually Europe, which is responsible for about half of the world’s candy consumption
– At Christmas, almost 2 billion candy canes will be made for sale.
– Each candy cane has only 55 calories and no fat.
– The Milky Way Bar is the first of many candies to be introduced by the Mars family in 1923.
– 200 million Skittles are produced each day.
– A 2011 study revealed that people who eat candy weigh less than those who don’t.
– Candy corn, also known as “chicken feed,” is the top selling candy in the U.S.!
– In order to blow a huge bubble gum bubble, you need to chew it until all the sugar has dissolved, because it doesn’t stretch!
– Tootsie Rolls have the distinct honor of being the country’s first individually wrapped treat known as penny candy. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line584 |
__label__wiki | 0.527082 | 0.527082 | U.S. Courts 2017 Wiretap Report: Orders and Convictions Rise
2017 Wiretap Report: Orders and Convictions Rise
Published onJune 28, 2018
Federal courts reported a 30 percent increase in authorized wiretaps in 2017, compared to 2016, and state courts reported an 11 percent rise, according to a newly released Judiciary report. Although arrests fell in cases involving electronic surveillance, convictions rose sharply.
The 2017 Wiretap Report covers intercepts — of wire, oral or electronic communications — that were concluded between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017. The report, submitted annually to Congress by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, does not include data on interceptions regulated by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.
A total of 3,813 wiretaps were reported as authorized in 2017, compared with 3,168 the previous year. Of those, 2,013 were authorized by federal judges, compared with 1,551 in 2016. A total of 1,800 wiretaps were authorized by state judges, compared with 1,617 in 2016. No wiretap applications were reported as denied in 2017.
The number of state wiretaps in which encryption occurred continued to rise sharply, with 102 such reports in 2017, compared with 57 in 2016 and just seven in 2015. In 97 of the wiretaps reported in 2017, officials were unable to decipher the plain text of messages. A total of 57 federal wiretaps were reported as being encrypted in 2017, of which 37 could not be deciphered.
As in previous years, telephone wiretaps accounted for the large majority of cases, involving 92 percent of applications for intercepts. Drug investigations also remained the most common type of crime.
The report said 9,565 persons were arrested in wiretap investigations, down 23 percent from 2016. The number of convictions rose 55 percent from 2016.
A total of 2,369 extensions were reported as requested and authorized in 2017, permitting wiretaps to continue after their initial 30-day authorization had expired. That represents a 13 percent increase in extensions, compared with the previous year.
The District of Arizona conducted the longest federal intercept that was terminated in 2017. The order was extended 16 times to complete a 510-day wiretap. The longest state-authorized wiretap occurred in DeKalb County, Georgia, where the original order was extended 21 times to complete a 598-day wiretap used in a racketeering investigation.
Other highlights from the 2017 Wiretap Report:
53 percent of all wiretaps cited narcotics as the most serious offense under investigation, compared with 61 percent in 2016. Conspiracy investigations accounted for 12 percent, and homicide investigations accounted for 5 percent.
Portable devices, which include cell phone communications, text messages and apps, were targeted in 3,584 wiretaps—94 percent of all wiretaps concluded in 2017.
Applications in six states (California, New York, Nevada, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Florida) accounted for 81 percent of all state wiretap applications. California alone accounted for 34 percent of all applications approved by state judges.
The average cost of a wiretap in 2017 was $74,718, down less than 1 percent from $74,949 in 2016.
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Excellent (and brief) introduction to the U.S. federal judicial system and its relationship to the legislative and executive branches of the U.S. government » | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line587 |
__label__wiki | 0.916717 | 0.916717 | ホーム > 作曲家 > 作曲家（クラシック） > アレクサンドル・コンスタンティノーヴィチ・グラズノフ (Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov)
アレクサンドル・コンスタンティノーヴィチ・グラズノフ - Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov (1865-1936)
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Glazunov, a pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov, received encouragement also from Belyayev, an influential patron and publisher whose activities succeeded and largely replaced the earlier efforts of Balakirev to inspire the creation of national Russian music. Glazunov joined the teaching staff of the St Petersburg Conservatory in 1899 and after the student protests and turmoil of 1905 was elected director, a position he retained until 1930 (although from 1928 he remained abroad, chiefly in Paris, where he died in 1936). His music represents a synthesis between the Russian and the so-called German—the technical assurance introduced by the Rubinstein brothers in the Conservatories of St Petersburg and of Moscow in the middle of the century.
In addition to his nine symphonies and a variety of other orchestral works, Glazunov wrote a violin concerto, completed in 1904, when he was at the height of his powers as a composer. The symphonies have won less popularity, but the symphonic poem Stenka Razin, written in 1885, retains a place in national repertoire.
Glazunov’s ballets include Raymonda, first staged in St Petersburg in 1898, with choreography by Marius Petipa. Les Ruses d’amour followed in 1900, with The Seasons in the same year. He orchestrated music by Chopin for Les Sylphides. The choreographer Fokin also made use of Stenka Razin for a ballet of that name.
Chamber music by Glazunov includes seven numbered string quartets, the last written in 1930, and a series of works for other instrumental ensembles, including a string quintet and a saxophone quartet.
Glazunov’s piano music includes, among more serious works, a number of quite pleasing examples of salon music, for which there was always a ready public in his day.
Box Set Release Catalogue Number
25th Anniversary Boxed Sets - Ballet Naxos 8.501055
25th Anniversary Boxed Sets - Russian Symphonies Naxos 8.572955
25th Anniversary Boxed Sets - Violin Concertos Naxos 8.501058
Enjoy the Classics (Best of Naxos 1-4) Naxos 8.504003
Night Music Naxos 8.503049
Night Music Vol 1 Naxos 8.505008
TCHAIKOVSKY The Ballets Naxos 8.507009
The Seasons Naxos 8.504038
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Home / Producer DDS is a savant in the area of production
Producer DDS is a savant in the area of production
Andre Ellington
David Smith (Producer DDS) embodies the spirit of music production. For over ten years, he’s crafted his unique sound through countless hours of practice and application. In 2014, he produced Dej Loaf’s runaway hit “Try Me,” which earned him a Gold plaque. Since then, he’s won two BMI music awards and built a following of over 30k through his YouTube channels.
Take me back to when you produced “Try Me” for Dej Loaf in 2014. Did you believe this song would change the course of your life?
At the time that I made the beat for “Try Me,” I had just gotten laid off a few days before. So, I was in a negative space. I wanted to make a beat that had a positive feel to it. I titled beat “Good Life,” and ironically, that’s what that beat gave me.
Have you ever felt like you had to chase that next hit record?
Yes, I have. “Try Me” gave me a taste of what’s out there. Now, I want to have a more significant hit record. As far as I know, “Try Me” has only been certified as a Gold record. I really want to reach that platinum milestone. I don’t pressure myself as much as I used to about chasing a hit record because I realized I wasn’t chasing that with “Try Me.” I just wanted to work. So, I’m taking that approach more these days. I believe that will lead me to make better music.
Is there a particular process you follow when you make music, or are you free form-based?
Honestly, there’s no real process. I load up Maschine, open a VST (Instrument), select a random sound, and have fun with it until I find something I like. From there, I build upon it until the track is complete.
As an entrepreneur, how do you balance your workload during a typical day?
I’m huge into scheduling my time. One of the best tools on the iPhone is the Reminders app. It helps me make sure whatever I need to accomplish that day gets accomplished. I schedule the important things that need to get done the night before. I base what I do first on the priority of the project. After breakfast, some days, I’ll jump right into making videos, and other days I’ll be sitting down responding to emails. But on days when I don’t have anything that needs to be done right away, I’ll go with the flow. I may start working beats for an hour or so and check out what’s going on in the world. From there I’ll work on some videos. Once that’s done, I’m either editing the videos, mixing the beats I have ready, or writing out plans and ideas for other videos and projects until it is time to pick my son up from school. During these hours, I respond to comments, post videos, read, or maybe chill out depending on the day.
What’s one misconception about music producers of today?
A misconception that I deal with a lot is people trying to make beats and thinking they’ll see success (placements, online sales, etc.) within the first few months of trying. Technology has made it easier to make better music, so people think they can jump in and take off. But, there’s still an amount of time that needs to be put in practicing your craft and building your skills. People will email me and say they’ve been making beats for two months, and nothing is happening. On top of that, they aren’t consistently working on music. I understand people have lives and have to work. But, there’s no excuse for saying you want to be successful; however, you’re only making one beat per month. I’ve been making beats for about 12 years now, and I work on music regularly, and I still feel like I have much farther to go.
As an active investor in the stock market, what are some tips you can give a novice who wants to start investing?
My tip for anyone wanting to get started with the stock market is, educate yourself! The knowledge is all out there. You can read books, watch videos, take courses, and so much more about investing. Get rid of the misconception that investing is hard or only for wealthy people. Investing is a tool to help you build wealth. Also, be sure to read “Rich Dad, Poor Dad” to help you understand the mindset you should have when investing. It’s a quick read, and it’s worth checking out. “Think and Grow Rich” is another excellent book you can read about investing.
Talk about your placement on Icewear Vezzo’s new project, “Drank Baby.”
I’m glad to have been a part of this project! I’ve been a fan of Vezzo since I first heard his track “Money Phone” years ago. I always wanted to have a record with him. Back in January of 2014, I started doing a 365 project which was me uploading a beat to YouTube every day for a year, and the first beat I uploaded was an Icewear Vezzo Type Beat. The track was a surprise to me. I met Vezzo for the first time back in August of 2018. I went through some beats with him at the studio and was excited about the possibility of getting a track with him. Fast forward about 10 months, a music executive named Dame hits me up and tells me that they have a record with Vezzo and Dej on my beat. I texted Vezzo’s manager Chanel to hear the track. When I heard it, I was surprised by the beat because it wasn’t a beat that I’d given him at the studio when we met. I must shout out Dej Loaf for setting this up. She was the only person who had that beat. I think it turned out great. I love the track. I look forward to doing more work with them in the future.
What can producers expect from your online courses?
With my Maschine course entitled “How I Use Maschine,” producers can expect to learn exactly how I use Maschine by Native Instruments to make beats. I go in full detail about how and why I do everything that I do. I cover everything from the primary buttons on the Maschine to finishing a beat. Now for my mixing course entitled “How I Mix Beats,” I go over why mixing is essential and also how I mix my beats. My method is very different from a lot of other mixing videos I’ve seen on YouTube. So, my approach may be more straightforward for people.
Follow Producer DDS on social media.
Tags: Beats, Music, production
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__label__wiki | 0.769645 | 0.769645 | Home /His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Japan’s Prime Minster witness signing of UAE-Japan Strategic Energy Cooperation Agreement.
ProductionJanuary 14, 2020
His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Japan’s Prime Minster witness signing of UAE-Japan Strategic Energy Cooperation Agreement.
His Highness Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, and Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan, witnessed today the signing of the UAE-Japan Strategic Energy Cooperation Agreement between the Abu Dhabi Supreme Petroleum Council, represented by Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, ADNOC, and the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy of Japan, for the storage of over 8 million barrels of crude oil at storage facilities in Japan.
The agreement extends and expands the previous strategic crude oil storage agreement between the two nations that expired at the end of 2019. Under the terms of the new agreement, which has an initial three year period, ADNOC will store crude oil at storage facilities in Japan which may be traded to customers, whilst ensuring that certain quantities of crude oil are available in the event of an oil shortage event in Japan.
The agreement was signed by Dr. Sultan bin Ahmad Sultan Al Jaber, Minister of State and ADNOC Group CEO, and Makihara Hideki, Japan's State Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Dr. Al Jaber said: "The new agreement with the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy to store Abu Dhabi crude oil in Japan further strengthens the excellent working relationship between the UAE and our Japanese counterparts. Under the wise guidance of our leadership, the UAE has fostered a deep and longstanding relationship with Japan that spans many decades. We are pleased to extend and expand our storage agreement which positively contributes to Japanese energy security, while also supporting ADNOC's broader trading ambitions."
Makihara said: "The UAE has been one of the most important crude oil suppliers to Japan for a very long time. The Joint Oil Storage Project is a most symbolic and mutually beneficial project for both countries and will contribute to the improvement of Japan's energy security as well as the UAE's access to Asian markets. Given the current world geopolitical situation, it is well-timed to expand our Joint Oil Storage Project. I really hope that our bilateral relationship between Japan and UAE will be further strengthened through the project."
Japan is ADNOC's largest international importer of oil and gas products with approximately 25% of its crude oil imported from the UAE. The company has a long history of mutually beneficial strategic partnerships with Japanese oil and gas companies that span over four decades and cover the entire oil and gas value chain.
In recent years, as part of ADNOC's 2030 smart growth strategy, Japanese oil and gas companies have been awarded concession agreements. In 2015, Japan's INPEX Corporation (INPEX) was awarded a 5% stake in the Abu Dhabi Onshore Concession. In 2018, the Japanese firm was also awarded a 10% stake in the new Lower Zakum offshore concession and at the same time, also extended its 40% stake in Satah and increased its stake in Umm Al Dalkh from 12% to 40%. Last year, ADNOC awarded the exploration rights for Abu Dhabi Onshore Block 4 to INPEX.
In November 2019, Intercontinental Exchange Inc (NYSE:ICE) announced that INPEX and JXTG along with eight of the world's largest energy traders including ADNOC would partner with ICE on the launch of ICE Futures Abu Dhabi, a new exchange that will host the world's first Murban crude oil futures contract.
Both the UAE and Japan enjoy strong bilateral economic relations dating back to 1961 when the first shipment of UAE crude oil was exported from Umm al-Shaif offshore field in Abu Dhabi to Japan.
In recent years, trade between the UAE and Japan has grown with the most recent figures showing that Japan exported goods to the UAE to the approximate value of $7.9 billion while the country imported goods from the UAE to the approximate value of $27.5 billion in 2018.
Source: UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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__label__wiki | 0.578085 | 0.578085 | Millennial New World
Home Palestinians What will Palestinians do now?
What will Palestinians do now?
It took almost no time for Palestinian leaders to reject President Donald Trump’s Israel-Palestine peace plan.
“After the nonsense that we heard today we say a thousand no’s to the ‘deal of the century,’” said Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Authority, which governs the West Bank, at a news conference shortly after the proposal’s unveiling Tuesday. “We are certain that our Palestinian people will not let these conspiracies pass. So, all options are open.”
What those options are, though, remains an important question. It’s still unclear just what Palestinian leaders plan to do going forward, especially if they continue to refuse to negotiate with the Trump administration.
Will Abbas try to gain international support for his views instead of Trump’s, or will he simply try to wait out the American president’s time in office? What of the terrorist group Hamas, which governs the Gaza Strip, and therefore plays an important role in defining next steps? And how about the millions of Palestinians directly affected by the US and Israeli-backed plan? Will they choose to demonstrate peacefully, violently, or not at all?
To get a better sense of what might happen, I called Ghaith al-Omari, who’s a senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy think tank. A former adviser to Abbas and the Palestinian negotiating team during the peace process, he has a deep insight into what leaders in the West Bank and Gaza are thinking right now.
The one thing he’s sure about? Trump’s plan strengthened hardliners and weakened those who might still want to chart a diplomatic path. “It devalues the Palestinian Authority’s paradigm of diplomacy and negotiation and will reinforce the Hamas paradigm of violence and terror,” he told me.
Our conversation, edited for length and clarity, is below.
How will Palestinians respond to the peace plan?
Ghaith al-Omari
They’ve already rejected the plan. They also called for an Arab League meeting on Saturday with the idea of getting support from Arab countries. I have to say that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s immediate push for annexation of parts of the West Bank and the clear inclinations of the Trump administration will make the Palestinians’ job much easier. No Arab country can accept unilateral annexation.
Should we assume that the peace plan is dead on arrival, then?
In diplomatic terms, it’s dead. Once the Palestinians and the Arab states take a clear position, then the Europeans will follow suit, and the Russians would come on board, and in the end we’re likely going to end up with a plan that is only truly supported by the US and Israel, and maybe some marginal countries.
Now, what does the plan mean for changes on the ground? That’s really up to the Israelis. Are they going to go for extensive annexation? Would this lead to a collapse of the Palestinian Authority, et cetera? We have to wait and see.
As you alluded to, Netanyahu has said his cabinet will vote on annexing 30 percent of the West Bank. What do you make of that news?
The timing is precious. Annexing any parts of the West Bank or any parts of the Jordan Valley will create a very strong Arab reaction. Not only Palestinian, but also Jordanian, because Jordan has said annexation would have dire consequences in terms of the relations with Israel.
A situation like that would certainly make it impossible for the United States to build any international support for the plan.
What should Palestinian leaders do if diplomacy is dead?
The Palestinians are playing the long game. Their concern is that the Trump plan becomes their new terms of reference. The way that they would counter that is by creating wall-to-wall international consensus against this plan. They would go to the Arab League and get a resolution. They would go to the European Union and try to get a resolution.
If that doesn’t work, they will get support for their side through bilateral agreements with key states, and then they’ll go to the UN Security Council. They would surely garner an American veto there on a resolution, but that’s fine for them as long as they get the other 14 countries on the panel to sign on to it.
So we’re going to see a very intensive diplomatic effort to create an international consensus that they hope will outlive Trump. On the ground, if there is an annexation, then the Palestinians will find it very hard to continue their security cooperation with Israel. And if that ends, then the possibilities for deterioration and instability become extremely worrying.
To be clear, what would going to the UN or the EU really do? Why are those important steps for Palestinians to take at this point?
Because from the Palestinian point of view, they think that they can wait out Trump heading into the US presidential election in November. They want to be in a position where they have a new US administration and the international consensus remains within the old parameters. Then they’ll hope that the new administration will revert back to the traditional US position.
If history is any guide, this can very quickly turn into a crisis
Not all Palestinian leaders agree diplomacy is the right course of action. One could argue the Trump administration’s plan is a gift to hardliners who want to pursue a new course. How do you expect the intra-Palestinian struggle to play out?
It’s playing out as we speak. Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas convened a meeting, and Hamas and the Islamic Jihad were at the meeting. These two actors will continue pushing for more violence. Ironically, they will push for it in the West Bank, but not where they govern, in Gaza.
The main line that they will advocate is to cut security cooperation with the Israelis because security cooperation has really limited Hamas’s ability to operate in the West Bank. But they will go back to what they always do, which is engage in terror, engage in destabilization.
They are trying to corner Abbas, and part of that is dictating the agenda with terror. They feel politically very empowered and Abbas really is in a very difficult place to reject their inclusion. This crisis will not lead to unity. But this will lead, I think, to Hamas being empowered in the West Bank.
So you’re saying the Trump administration’s peace plan proposal might give Hamas a bit more power within Palestinian leadership?
Absolutely. It devalues the Palestinian Authority’s paradigm of diplomacy and negotiation and will reinforce the Hamas paradigm of violence and terror.
There was a lot of worry that if the US moved its embassy to Jerusalem, there’d be a lot of violence. There was some, but it didn’t become a big thing. What should we expect the popular reaction to be to this plan?
That’s the biggest unknown. The lack of violence after the Jerusalem embassy move was partly because the public was tired and partly because the Palestinian security forces were coordinating with the Israelis to keep demonstrations away from friction points. Today, it’s clear the Palestinian public is checked out. But if history is any guide, this can very quickly turn into a crisis.
We have volatility, but simply no way of predicting how the public is going to react. Keep in mind that the Palestinian public is not only fed up with the Israeli diplomacy, but also with their own leadership. So would they respond to Hamas’s calls for violence or not? This is truly an ongoing concern, and I think this is what’s keeping the Israeli and Palestinian security folks awake at night.
Surely some will worry that a declining change of diplomacy means the possibility of a major conflict — or at least a bigger conflict — grows. Do you think that fear is justified?
Yes, I think that fear is justified. Again, I wouldn’t go for doom and gloom because we have no certainty, but I think it increases the likelihood and increases the volatility of the situation.
What needs to happen for this situation to improve, then?
In the short term, I believe the priority is to ensure that things don’t devolve into a security problem. Here, the Arab countries can play an important role in convincing Abbas to maintain security control.
In the longer term, I think the real battle is whether the Trump administration manages to turn this into the new international terms of reference, in which case the Palestinians will only become weaker. If that happens, Palestinians might manage to isolate themselves from the American and Israeli positions.
So far, though, I have to say that the Trump administration’s diplomatic performance has been extremely lackluster. So for the Palestinians, the way they see it is: Wait out this administration and see what comes next.
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__label__cc | 0.703365 | 0.296635 | Will COVID-19 “Social Distancing” Further Upend “Smart Growth” High-Density Dreams?
By Mark Uncapher | May 2, 2020 | Comments Off on Will COVID-19 “Social Distancing” Further Upend “Smart Growth” High-Density Dreams?
The desire for increased population density and greater reliance on public transportation are among Maryland liberals’ most cherished public policy objectives. However, these misnamed “Smart Growth” policies come with a substantially higher cost of living price tag. For anyone doing business or living in Montgomery County, where these Smart Growth policies have been the most aggressively applied, the added expenses of the county’s costs must be accounted for.
MCGOP Club, President Mark Uncapher
The post-Covid-19 world of social distancing and remote working threatens to further upend the willingness of residents to pay this “Smart Growth Cost.” Expanded opportunities to telework mean more workers can perform their own form of social distancing by working from more economically hospitable locales.
Under Montgomery County’s strict land-use policies, more than half of our land area is reserved for open space uses, including agriculture and parkland. To be precise, 53% has been taken off-limits. The county’s residentially zoned land is limited to just 33%. Factoring in roads and nonresidential uses, the number drops to about 25%. Consequently, a million-plus of the county’s population is effectively confined to living in an area smaller than the county’s agricultural reserve, an area with a population of just 15,000. [i]
In the Maryland of a century ago, just over half the state’s population was concentrated in less than 1% of the state’s landmass, the city of Baltimore. That perhaps reflects the Smart Growth-er’s ideal living arrangement. Since then, however, Marylanders have opted for increasingly less densely populated living.
Trending: FAQ: Red Maryland’s Upcoming Closure
Restrictive land-use policies drive up housing costs. Based on assessment data for much of Montgomery County, land costs for housing far exceed the value of structures, reflecting elevated housing costs. According to one study, more than half of Montgomery County renters are paying too much for housing, with costs often gobbling up more than 50% of their incomes.[ii]
Residents pay the cost of these “Smart Growth” policies with worsening traffic congestion. Nearly half of Maryland’s transportation spending is devoted to mass transit, although cars account for approximately 97% of all travel. Congestion results in less time spent with families.
After spending billions over the past two decades on public transit, Maryland mass transit’s modest increase in 52,000 daily commuters has been more than offset by a 62,000 loss in carpool commuters. In fact, almost as many commuters have been ‘diverted’ from the roads by working at home (47,000), as were by mass transit.[iii]
Having “working from home” already nearly trump public transit in addressing congestion should give Montgomery County’s Bus Rapid Transit proponents pause.
The COVID-19 crisis occurs while the 2020 Census is being conducted. Over the past decade, far more population growth has occurred in exurban areas than in central cities or so-called first-ring suburbs. In the years since the 2010 Census, estimates indicate that the suburbs and exurbs attracted 92% of major metropolitan area population growth, while 8% of growth was in the urban core.[iv] More and more Americans are opting to live in communities the Smart Growth-ers pejoratively label as “sprawl.”
Six of the seven most densely populated states in the nation have experienced the highest levels of domestic population outmigration in recent years: New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Maryland. (Curiously, all these states other than Maryland, are also among the top ten states with the most COVID-19 cases proportionate to population.[v])
“Working from home” and its twin “Working from home from a less costly or more remote community” are both already threatening the dreams of Maryland liberals of our collectively returning to higher density living.
[i] To be honest, Montgomery County’s sky-high housing costs create significant beneficiaries, especially among those affluent enough to have bought houses. Long-term owners benefit from the substantial appreciation of their homes. Some “cash-out’ by selling and moving to less costly communities. Others “cash-in” by borrowing against their appreciation.
[ii] http://montgomeryplanningboard.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Rental-Housing-Study-Recommendations-6-15-17-Final-2.pdf p15
[iii] Work trip data from the Bureau of the Census; referenced in https://www.mdpolicy.org/maryland_journal/detail/transportation-policy-in-maryland
[iv] POPULATION GROWTH CONCENTRATED IN AUTO ORIENTED SUBURBS AND METROPOLITAN AREAS
https://www.newgeography.com/content/006527-population-growth-concentrated-auto-oriented-suburbs-and-metropolitan-areas
[v] As of April 22, 2020, see https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
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__label__wiki | 0.835691 | 0.835691 | Two Friends Discovered A Huge Ice Age Secret Lurking Deep Beneath The Streets Of Montreal
By Suzi Marsh
Beneath a leafy park in the center of Montreal, an underground cavern has been enchanting visitors for decades. But within the spelunking community, many have speculated that there may be more to it than meets the eye. Then, two friends discover a small opening inside the wall of the cave – revealing a secret that’s been hiding since the last Ice Age.
As a boy in the 1960s Daniel Caron spent his days exploring the far reaches of Saint-Leonard Cavern, a cave that stretches under the Montreal neighborhood of the same name. And despite running afoul of the local authorities from time to time as a result of his night-time excursions there with his buddies, he developed a lifelong love of the underground world. Five decades later, he took his hobby to the next level, revealing something incredible lurking beneath the city.
Along with Luc Le Blanc, a friend and fellow caver, Caron spent three years following a hunch: that there was something beyond the wall of Saint-Leonard Cavern. And when the two men finally broke through to the other side, their suspicions were confirmed. There, concealed behind a solid slab of limestone, was what they had suspected might have been lying hidden from view.
But what did Caron and Le Blanc find down in the darkness beneath Montreal? Left behind when the last Ice Age ended some 10,000 years ago, it’s a startling relic from a time when woolly mammoths roamed the Canadian wilds. And now, for the first time in millennia, a select group of visitors have been invited to take a peek.
Today, it might seem unlikely that this city of 1.78 million people in the province of Quebec could have held on to a secret for thousands of years. But of course, Montreal hasn’t always been the bustling metropolitan hub that you see today. In fact, the region was originally home to Hochelaga, a small fortified settlement built by First Nations people.
Then, in the 16th century the French colonists arrived, turning Hochelaga first into a Christian mission and then an outpost whose economic lifeblood was the fur trade. But it was under the British, who conquered the region then known as New France in 1763, that Montreal really began to thrive. Located on the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, the settlement soon blossomed into a manufacturing and transport hub.
By the time that Canada was unified in 1867 Montreal had become the biggest city in the entire country. And it remained that way for more than a century, before it was eventually surpassed by Toronto. Even today, it is the second-most-populated metropolitan area in Canada, home to more people than the capital, Ottawa, which lies some 120 miles to the west.
Set largely on an island in the southern tip of Quebec, Montreal has long been known as one of the most culturally varied places in North America. And every year, millions of tourists visit the city, drawn by attractions such as the Botanical Garden and the annual Jazz Festival. It even plays host to motor racing in the shape of Formula One’s Canadian Grand Prix. But until now, they have all remained totally unaware of the secret hiding beneath their feet.
As Montreal grew, so too did the nearby settlement of Saint-Leonard. And eventually in 2002 it was swallowed up by the city, becoming a borough of the extended metropolitan area. Home to a large number of Italian-Canadians, whose families moved there after World War II, the area has plenty going on above ground. But few could have imagined what was lurking down below.
In 1812 a vast cavern stretching more than 100 feet across was discovered beneath Saint-Leonard’s Pie XII Park. But any early would-be cavers would not have had much chance to explore it. Within 25 years, conflict had broken out across the region once more as the people of what is now southern Quebec rebelled against their government.
Beneath the streets of Montreal, the cave was put to good use, serving as both an arsenal and a hiding place for the rebels. Then, in 1838 the military succeeded in suppressing the opposition, putting an end to the conflict known as the Patriots’ War. And down in Saint-Leonard Cavern, things fell silent once more.
For decades, the cave remained little more than a footnote in the history of Montreal, overshadowed by the city’s more cosmopolitan attractions. But for local children, this dark and sinister underground chamber must have held its own secretive appeal. Certainly, that was the case for Caron, who grew up in the nearby neighborhood of Saint-Michel.
In fact, Saint-Leonard Cavern proved to be an early inspiration for Caron, who would grow up passionate about spelunking, or exploring underground. During his teenage years, he and his friends made a number of forays into the area – despite the fact that it was then off-limits to the public. And although the authorities tried to prevent them, they succeeded in accessing the cave on at least one occasion.
But it may have been more than just curiosity that spurred a young Caron to explore the underground network beneath Pie XII Park. After all, there were many in the Montreal caving community who believed that the cavern discovered in 1812 was just the beginning. And that something else, hidden for millennia, was still lurking down in the dark.
It would be several decades, however, before Caron would discover the truth. And in the meantime, Saint-Leonard Cavern went through a number of changes. First, in 1978 members of the Quebec Speleological Society, or SQS, decided to open the cave to experts, allowing study of its unique geological features.
In the early years of the following decade Saint-Leonard – still then a city in its own right – realized the value of the cave as a potential tourist attraction. Rather than fight to keep curious visitors out, officials reasoned, they could simply create an access point and allow admission on their own terms.
In order to develop their new tourist attraction, the city constructed a door and a metal gate at the entrance to the cave. With this opening secured, they hoped to stop trespassers such as Caron and his friends from getting inside. Meanwhile, a set of steps was built, making a trip into the heart of the cavern a much less challenging undertaking.
Thanks to this new ease of access, Saint-Leonard Cavern soon became a popular destination. In fact, it’s believed that as many as 70,000 visitors have passed through its doors since it opened in 1982. But all that time, rumors have continued to swirl that there is more to the cave than meets the eye.
Meanwhile, Caron and his friend Le Blanc had grown up and joined the SQS, exploring Quebec’s caves in a more official capacity. But their developing knowledge of the region’s underground networks did little to dispel their own hunches about Saint-Leonard Cavern. And eventually, they decided to get to the bottom of things once and for all.
That year, the two cavers kitted themselves out with everything they needed to explore the furthest reaches of the cave. For Le Blanc, that meant a piece of equipment that uses radio waves to reveal cavities or spaces behind solid rock. But for Caron, it signalled a decidedly more old-fashioned approach.
According to British newspaper The Guardian, Caron used the ancient practise of dowsing to search for anomalies in the depths of Saint-Leonard Cavern. Believed by some to have originated in 16th-century Germany, this bizarre method involves using rods to locate resources such as water or metal within the landscape.
Today, dowsing is considered a pseudoscience by most people. But despite this, it is still used in a professional context in places such as the United Kingdom, particularly by workers keen to locate mains water pipes. And so, it was perhaps not overly unusual that Caron decided to use the technique inside Saint-Leonard Cavern.
At first, Caron and Le Blanc’s efforts revealed little about the secrets lurking beyond the cave. But then in 2015 they spotted a small gap in one of the rock walls – just big enough to slip a tiny camera inside. With the help of François Gelinas, a fellow caver, they decided to take a closer look.
Viewing the camera footage, Caron and Le Blanc realized that their hunch had been right. There was something hiding beyond the cavern. But there was a problem: whatever it was, it was concealed behind a thick wall of limestone. And if they wanted to reach it, they would need to use industrial drilling equipment to break through.
Ultimately, it would be almost two years before the cavers could take their investigation to the next stage. In October 2017 they were able to dislodge a section of rock and drill into the cavern wall. Speaking to the Canadian television network CBC that year, Le Blanc explained, “We started digging in a decomposed layer of limestone that was much softer… We managed to open a window.”
Squeezing their upper bodies through the opening, Caron and Le Blanc saw something incredible: a huge, open chamber on the other side of the rock wall. Speaking to local newspaper the Montreal Gazette in 2017 Caron recalled, “It was vast. We started yelling, ‘Yes! We did It! We did it!’”
The following day, the two men returned to Saint-Leonard Cavern, determined to make it through into the newly-discovered chamber. But after enlarging the opening, they realized that there was too much of a drop on the other side. Eventually, they acquired a ladder and were able to lower themselves down into the unknown.
Finally climbing down the ladder and shining their torches into the darkness, the cavers found themselves in a space some 20 feet tall by 10 feet wide. Speaking to the Montreal Gazette, Caron confirmed his sense of achievement at the discovery. He said, “In the life of a spelunker, something like this happens once.”
In fact, the cave discovered by Caron and Le Blanc is actually far bigger than the well-known Saint-Leonard Cavern. And from the main chamber, it branches off in several directions. In some places, the way is blocked by water, meaning that its furthest reaches have yet to be explored.
At one point, Caron and Le Blanc jumped in the water and explored the cave by swimming through its submerged branches. And if that wasn’t enough, they even brought a small boat through the entrance and inflated it once inside the grotto. But even with these measures, they were unable to cover the entirety of a network that they believe stretches some 700 feet.
In an interview with National Geographic magazine, Caron explained that the water flows into the cave from an aquifer located far below the streets of Montreal. And an aquifer, if you didn’t know, is just a fancy name for underground rock which retains water in the same manner as a sponge. In some places, pools in the cavern are as much as 16 feet deep. Speaking to CBC, Le Blanc added, “It just keeps going. We haven’t reached the end yet.”
While the keen explorers might not have mapped every inch of their discovery just yet, what they have uncovered so far is impressive. Describing the cavern to National Geographic, Le Blanc said, “The walls are perfectly smooth and the ceiling is perfectly horizontal.” But in several places, the even surfaces are broken up by stalactites and stalagmites.
These mineral formations, which grow down from the ceiling and up from the ground, respectively, have been found in caves around the world. And according to the SQS, they typically grow at a rate of about 0.4 inches every thousand years. From pictures of Caron and Le Blanc’s discovery, then, it seems as if this cavern has been around for a very long time.
So how exactly was this hidden chamber beneath Montreal formed? According to experts, it’s not actually all that common to find caves located this far north. Speaking to National Geographic, Le Blanc explained that caverns are typically formed when water eats away at the rock over a number of years.
But in Quebec, where temperatures have been known to drop as low as -31°F, the water has lower levels of acidity. And so, caverns tend to form much more slowly, making them rarer generally at these latitudes. Happily for cave fans such as Caron and Le Blanc, though, another geological process set in motion thousands of years ago also brings its influence to bear.
Today, experts believe that Saint-Leonard Cavern took shape via a process sometimes dubbed glacial tectonism. In layman’s terms, this refers to geological features that were carved out of the Earth by melting and retreating ice. And like its more famous neighbor, the cave discovered by Caron and Le Blanc was likely formed in the same way.
Some 15,000 years ago, when experts believe both caves were formed, Canada – along with the rest of the world – was in the grip of the last Ice Age. And as a massive glacier formed where Montreal now stands, the pressure caused the rocks beneath to crack. Fast-forward to the 21st century, and this fissure has become not one but two jaw-dropping caverns.
According to Le Blanc, the traces of this process can still be seen today. Speaking to National Geographic, he explained, “You have evidence of where you have knobs on one side that fit perfectly into a hole on the [opposite] wall.” In fact, he claimed, the rock faces slot together like pieces of a jigsaw.
In a slightly ironic twist, given Caron’s past exploits, news of the discovery of the new cavern was postponed until the location could be secured. Presumably, the Montreal authorities were not keen on any amateur explorers finding their way into the network. That said, there have been a few lucky visitors to the cave, including reporters who were given a tour in December 2017.
Eventually, it’s hoped that this new chamber, like Saint-Leonard Cavern, will be open to the public for tours. But first, experts hope to study and document its fascinating geology. In an interview with the Montreal Gazette, local councillor David Perri explained, “The specialists tell us this type of cave is very unusual, if not unique in the world. We want to maintain it because it is our heritage, but also because it has scientific value in terms of the way it is shaped and how it was made.” | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line604 |
__label__wiki | 0.821505 | 0.821505 | The Magicians Season 5 – Here Is What You Need To Know
June 10, 2020 October 19, 2019 by OtakuKart Staff
The Magicians is a show which is an extremely popular TV show from the start and its audience is still growing with each season. The storytelling of the show is what sets it apart and is one of the many reasons why the show is so popular. Moreover, Bill McGoldrick who is the president of scripted content at NBC Universal, which owns Syfy, agreed with this assessment when the announcement was made in January.
The Magicians Season 5 update
He said during an interview, “The Magicians raised the bar at Syfy and has gained momentum season after season, attracting a new audience to the channel. We are proud of this series as it continues to break the boundaries of storytelling.” The update of the show has been confirmed in the trailer which suggests that the fifth season will be releasing in 2020. The month is still unknown but it might be premiering in the winter of that year.
The Magicians (Credits: NBCUniversal Television Distribution)
There is a trailer for the fifth season which you can check out on YouTube. It was revealed at San Diego Comic-Con by Syfy. As for the cast, the show stars Stella Maeve, Olivia Taylor Dudley, Hale Appleman, Arjun Gupta, Summer Bishil, Rick Worthy, Jade Tailor, Brittany Curran, and Trevor Einhorn. The Executive Producers, as well as co-showrunners Sera Gamble and John McNamara, were overjoyed after the news of renewal for The Magicians season 5.
They said “We couldn’t be happier or more excited to conjure another year of magic and all it entails — love, hate, loyalty, betrayal, sex, foul language, drugs, battling gods, monsters and the most dangerous enemies of all: other human beings, We have the best writers, producers, directors, cast and crew in the charted multiverse. Here’s how strongly we believe this: anyone who tries to poach a single one of them will be cursed. And we have the voodoo dolls to do it.” This is good news that was not only received well by the showrunners but also the fans too. And they can’t wait to see what’s in store for them in the upcoming season of The Magicians.
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Trick 2019 Blu-ray, DVD, and Digital update
On My Block Season 3 – Latest Updates | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line606 |
__label__wiki | 0.830508 | 0.830508 | Education Reform Bill Will Head to Governor; Economic Equity Bills Pass House
By Peter Hancock & Capitol News Illinois • Jan 12, 2021
Rep. Sonya Harper, D-Chicago, reacts after the passage of SB 1480 during the lame-duck session of the Illinois House of Representatives held Tuesday at the Bank of Springfield Center.
Credit Justin Fowler, State Journal-Register
A bill aimed at improving racial equity throughout the state’s K-12 and higher education system passed both houses of the General Assembly on Monday, while another bill addressing economic inequities was up for House approval Tuesday night.
Both bills were part of an agenda being pushed by the Illinois Legislative Black Caucus, which called for the rare lame duck session before members of the next General Assembly – and possibly a new House speaker – take office on Wednesday.
The House worked late into the night Monday to pass the two measures after a series of lengthy private caucus meetings, some of which involved negotiations over who the Democrats would nominate for speaker. The education bill had already cleared the Senate earlier in the day and the Senate and was preparing to take up the economic equity bill Tuesday night.
Debates in both chambers were heated, with Black Caucus members arguing that their issues could no longer be ignored and Republicans arguing that despite the Black Caucus’ good intentions, the bills had been put together hastily and were seriously flawed.
“We want to help you accomplish these goals. We want the state of Illinois to open up opportunity to everybody who wants to have that opportunity,” Rep. C.D. Davidsmeyer, R-Jacksonville, said on the floor of the House. “We all want that same thing. This is not the way.”
His comments came after a lengthy debate over the economic equity bill, Senate Bill 1608, which creates a number of new commissions and, among other provisions, includes additional racial diversity requirements in state purchasing policies.
Republicans had tried to delay passage of the bill by requesting several “notes” to determine its fiscal impact to the state and how many new mandates it would create. But Democrats voted to declare those notes “inapplicable” and moved forward anyway.
“Our Black people are looking for solutions,” Rep. Thaddeus Jones, D-Calumet City, said in response. “They can’t get unemployment. They can’t get (Paycheck Protection Program loans). They can’t get the funds that many of your friends are getting on the other side, and all we’re asking is for you to help us.”
During debate on the bill, Rep. Deanne Mazzochi, R-Elmhurst, engaged in a lengthy exchange with the bill’s sponsor, Rep. Sonya Harper, D-Chicago, over details of the bill, pointing out that it requires purchasing officers to consider racial diversity even in the purchase of real estate and vehicles, where the state has little control over the race of the seller or the manufacturer.
After about 45 minutes of debate, Jones made a parliamentary motion to cut off discussion and proceed immediately to a vote. The bill eventually passed, 70-39, sending it to the Senate.
Another economic equity bill sponsored by Harper, Senate Bill 1480, would cap interest rates on payday and car title loans and to limit the use of criminal history records as a basis for employment and housing decisions. It passed the House 70-43 as well.
The education bill, House Bill 2170, drew equally sharp debate in both chambers. That bill creates a number of new mandates for K-12 education, including changes to the state’s social studies requirements, a requirement for districts to provide computer literacy programs and for the State Board of Education to develop new computer science curriculum standards.
But the one that drew the sharpest disagreement concerned changes to the AIM HIGH grant program in higher education, which is currently funded equally between the state and state universities.
Under the bill, universities where 49 percent or more of the students qualify for federal Pell grants would only have to fund 20 percent of a student’s AIM HIGH award while universities where fewer than 49 percent of students receive Pell grants would have to fund 60 percent of the award.
The intent of that provision was to lower the cost to schools with smaller endowment funds such as Chicago State University, which last year returned $800,000 of the $1 million in state funds it was allotted, saying it could not afford to pay for its share of the match.
But Rep. Chapin Rose, R-Mahomet, argued in an interview that universities have a variety of ways to pay their share, including tuition waivers equal to their share of the award, and he criticized CSU – which reported a freshman class this year of just 144 students – for not using that option to attract more students.
In the House, Rep. Norine Hammond, R-Macomb, openly criticized the bill’s House sponsor, Rep. Carol Ammons, D-Urbana, arguing that the bill puts additional costs on larger universities, such as the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
“Representative, this is going to significantly increase student debt, the very issue that we just talked about,” Hammond said. “And you are cutting dollars to the very students that you represent.”
Ammons said she disagreed.
The bill passed the Senate, 40-18, and cleared the House, 69-41, paving the way for it to head to Gov. JB Pritzker.
Capitol News Illinois is a nonprofit, nonpartisan news service covering state government and distributed to more than 400 newspapers statewide. It is funded primarily by the Illinois Press Foundation and the Robert R. McCormick Foundation.
Capitol News Illinois | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line608 |
__label__wiki | 0.732835 | 0.732835 | Melania Trump ‘Can’t Wait To Divorce Donald’
Melania Trump can’t wait to divorce her husband and uses her fashion choices to punish him, according to the president’s former aide.
Omarosa Manigault Newman claims the First Lady is waiting for Donald Trump to leave office before ending their marriage.
In excerpts from her explosive new book, former Apprentice star Omarosa also points out how Melania has taken subtle swipes at her husband in her choice of outfits.
The reality TV star highlights two outfits: a pink ‘pussy bow’ blouse she wore after the infamous Access Hollywood tape was unearthed, and a jacket emblazoned with the slogan ‘I don’t really care, do u?’ she wore to visit detained immigrant children.
In her new book, ‘Unhinged’, Ms Manigault-Newman – usually referred to simply as Omarosa – writes: “Taken as a whole, all of her style rebellions have served the same purpose.
“I believe Melania uses style to punish her husband.”
Omarosa also sensationally claims the Melania cannot wait for Trump to leave office so she can divorce him, according to Newsweek .
She wrote: “In my opinion, Melania is counting every minute until he is out of office and she can divorce him.”
Yesterday, Omarosa released what she claims is a recording of a phone call between herself and the President the day after she was fired.
The 44-year-old made it to week 9 of the first series of the Apprentice in the US and was the show’s original ‘villain’.
But the tape, broadcast by NBC, apparently shows that Trump didn’t even know she had been sacked – let alone say “you’re fired” himself.
Omarosa starred in a string of Celebrity Apprentice follow-ups, and Trump made her a senior assistant in his White House.
But she revealed yesterday that she was unceremoniously sacked by incoming Chief of Staff John Kelly during a meeting in the White House Situation Room in December 2017 – and was reported to have been forcibly removed from the grounds.
Omarosa claims to have made secret recordings throughout her time in the White House – one of which was made in her Situation Room sacking.
In the recording, Kelly apparently says Omarosa has to leave because there are some “serious integrity violations” with regard to her and “the use of government vehicles.”
Omarosa is heard asking whether the President is aware of the situation.
Kelly apparently replies: “Let’s not go down the road. This is a non-negotiable discussion.”
He adds: “The staff and everyone on the staff works for me, not the President. After your departure I’ll inform him if he gets interested on where you might be.”
And on Monday, she handed NBC’s Today programme what she says is a phone conversation she had with the President the day after she was fired.
In the tape, Trump appears to say he learned of her sacking from the TV news.
The President apparently says: “Omarosa, what’s going on? I just saw on the news that you’re thinking about leaving? What happened?”
She replies: “General Kelly came to me and said that you guys wanted me to leave.”
Trump appears to reply: “No, nobody even told me about it. You know, they run a big operation but I didn’t know it. I didn’t know that.
“Goddammit, I don’t love you leaving at all.”
Recording devices are not allowed in the White House’s super high security Situation Room.
Omarosa was reportedly fired for using the White House’s executive car service ‘like a personal Uber.’
It was reported at the time that she attempted to ‘storm’ into the White House Residence – the President’s apartment – to personally appeal to Trump, but tripped an electronic Secret Service wire that monitors entry to the Residence.
(Mirror online) | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line609 |
__label__cc | 0.73393 | 0.26607 | Maya Parthasarathy
Twentysomething writer, journalist, advocate.
Tag: Journalism
Why You Should Subscribe To A Newspaper: Paywalls, Advertising & Investigative Journalism.
People just aren’t willing to pay to get their news anymore. Sure, they might take out subscriptions to a few magazines, or even have a local newspaper delivered. But when it comes to reading articles online, people my age especially are resistant to spending money. Why throw down a few bucks a month for a subscription to a national newspaper when there are so many other news websites out there offering “free” access?
I’m not saying I haven’t been there too; I know a few ways to get around paywalls. But thankfully, newspaper paywalls only became more common around the time I headed off to college. For the past few years, my method of getting around the New York Times’ monthly article limit was getting paper copies and online student passes from my university. Many other newspapers offer free or reduced price access to their digital content to students as well; for example, the Washington Post offers free access to students with .edu email addresses.
Unfortunately, it costs money to create content, and it costs a LOT of money to fund good investigative journalism, as the nonprofit-run Mother Jones pointed out this year during a fundraising effort. Thankfully, my access to news sources during college wasn’t actually free by any means; Syracuse University was paying news organizations for its students to access content, and as students we were indirectly paying as well through our tuition fees. And even though I’m out of college, I’m in luck when it comes to subscriptions, since I live with my family. (I’d joke about being a millennial living in my parents’ basement, but we don’t have a basement.) We pick up several subscriptions by using our frequent flier miles, including an accidental double subscription to the Wall Street Journal. (Hopefully someone remembered to cancel the second one.)
Since becoming a content producer myself, I’ve realized that by not paying for content we’re contributing to a decrease in journalistic quality. You may wonder why this is. I mean, even if a website doesn’t have a paywall, it will get some amount of revenue from advertising, right?
Not necessarily. The problem is that print advertising makes newspapers a lot more money than online advertising does. Print ads cost advertisers more than online advertising, but they’re more likely to have an impact on readers. Unfortunately, newspapers are losing print subscribers, and thus print ad revenue. Before, newspapers made the bulk of their money by selling advertisements. But advertisers aren’t as willing to pay as much for online ads. So newspapers and traditional print media outlets have begun moving towards a circulation-based model, according to the American Journalism Review. Hence the paywalls: they’re annoying, and frequent readers in particular are often ready to pay to make them go away.
But for many others, paywalls are irrelevant, since they can head to sites that rely solely on online advertising to make money. And here’s where the problem begins. Not all content producers have enough resources to do their own reporting all the time. Many of these websites therefore use reliable traditional journalism outlets as sources, aggregating information from multiple sources and putting their own spins on the news. This isn’t necessarily a bad thing; you may be interested in reading a simplified version of what you saw on the 9 o’clock news. Or you could want more background information, or a personal account.
Still, some of these news sources aren’t actually news sources at all. Some of them are partisan websites that have a specific conservative or liberal agenda they’re hoping to push you towards with biased writing. You’ve heard of the game “telephone,” right? What the first person originally whispered often ends up completely different once it reaches the end of the line.
You may be aware of the controversy surrounding Mark Zuckerberg right now; the Facebook CEO claimed it was “crazy” that fake news on Facebook could have influenced election results. Sadly, that’s a little far from the truth. Facebook eliminated the human editors who curated trending news; now an algorithm handles this. But the algorithm got it wrong sometimes, and stories from fake news websites that were making the rounds sometimes trended. Even if the fake news came from sources outside Facebook, the fact remains that false or inaccurate news is a serious problem. Some fake news websites are cleverly disguised as existing news websites, just with an extra .co or .com at the end. For example, check out this ridiculous story about President Obama banning the Pledge of Allegiance, which comes from a website designed to look like that of ABC News. (You’ll see what I mean by calling it “ridiculous” if you keep reading until the end.)
Even disregarding fake news sites, even reliable news outlets are being influenced by the fact that they have to increase readership to make money. This drives click-based content creation models. Outlets will only publish material that will draw the greatest number of unique visitors. Sponsored content is abundant; you may have heard of “native advertising.” Content paid for by an advertiser is presented similarly to regular editorial content; except this content exists to promote a product or a service. And it’s getting harder and harder to tell sponsored content apart from regular content. Our media are literally being bought by those with money. (Disclaimer: I’m not saying every single media outlet is like this, and the issue of financing journalism goes beyond what I discuss in this post.)
As a writer and journalist who was trained at a school where journalistic standards were extremely high, I am appalled by some of the content that has been pushed by mainstream media. I get why it’s happening; it’s not possible for an outlet to survive if someone isn’t funding it. If people want to read about Hillary Clinton’s emails, it makes sense to flood the internet with articles about that from a financial standpoint.
But from a moral or ethical standpoint, not so much. Journalism exists to give power to the people. As journalists, we should be informing the public about important issues, not distracting them in pursuit of page views. Still, this is hard to do if readers aren’t paying for journalists to report and create eye-opening content.
This is why I urge you to take out a subscription to a reliable news source (or several). What you consider a reliable and worthy news source is up to you, but I suggest you choose one that does its own reporting. For the cost of a few pumpkin spice lattes, you could help fund the great investigative reporting that changes peoples’ lives.
Images: WOCinTechchat.com, Wikivisual
By Mayain News, Politics November 17, 2016 November 17, 2016 1,119 Words1 Comment | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line612 |
__label__wiki | 0.9675 | 0.9675 | June 8, 2019 Sport
Ashleigh Barty takes on Amanda Anisimova in maiden French Open semi-final
Ash Barty is in a Grand Slam semi-final for the first time.
Ash Barty has a shot at history this evening when she faces off against unseeded American Amanda Anisimova for a spot in the French Open final.
Ash Barty takes on Amanda Anisimova in the French Open semi-final at 7:00pm AEST
Todd Woodbridge believes Barty has “more skill than any other player on the tour”
The women’s semi-finals will be played on outside courts due to fixture pile-up
Barty has already progressed further than she ever has at a Grand Slam by reaching tonight’s semi-final, but will be desperate to go one step further and reach her maiden Grand Slam singles title.
The 24-year-old Queenslander has tasted success at a Grand Slam before, winning last year’s US Open doubles title with CoCo Vandeweghe, but is in uncharted territory when it comes to singles.
Barty is one of three of the four semi-finalists who have never been at this stage in a Grand Slam before in their careers. Sydney-born Brit Johanna Konta is the exception.
However, as world number eight, Barty is the highest-ranked player still left in the women’s draw at Roland Garros.
Can she win?
The answer is yes, according to Australian great Todd Woodbridge.
“What stands out for me is there’s no fear, this tournament over the last 10 years has thrown up some unusual winners,” Woodbridge told the ABC.
“Whoever wins this one goes on to win the tournament.
“When she’s in good form, good touch, she has more skill than any other player I think currently on the tour.”
Woodbridge believes Barty’s skill set is equal to that of the greats of the game.
Rod Laver will be ‘cheering hard’ for Ash Barty
The legendary Rod Laver says there’s “no question” Barty can become the first Australian singles champion at Roland Garros.
“You think of Evonne Goolagong, one of her mentors, who had the classic athleticism and the fluid strokes. That is what we’re seeing from Ash.
“Statistically she’s served as the number one player throughout the tournament and at five-foot-five, that’s an incredible stat.
“We’re seeing a sliced backhand that rivals Rod Laver or Roger Federer.
“Great composure, good athleticism, great shot-making and great skills.”
Barty is set to move into the world’s top five regardless of what happens in the semi-final, just three years after her return from a two-year cricketing sojourn, a break that Woodbridge credits with Barty’s rise.
“She worked out how much she liked it … [and] how much of an opportunity she had in tennis, and I think that took a lot of stress away from her.”
For her part, Barty said she was playing the best tennis of her career on clay, a surface she did not traditionally favour.
“I feel like I’m playing some of the best tennis that I have,” Barty told the WTA website after her quarter-final victory.
“Today was certainly some of the best tennis I have played on clay in my career.”
However, Woodbridge said he felt the surface was ideally suited to Barty’s game.
“This court gives her time to showcase her skills and we see her bring opponents forward into the part of the court they don’t like.
“She can out-duel them from the baseline and then she out-finesses them when she brings them forward.”
Who is Amanda Anisimova?
Standing in Barty’s way is Anisimova, the 17-year-old American who sensationally knocked out reigning champion and third seed Simona Halep in the quarter-final, 6-2, 6-4.
Ranked a career-high number 51 in the world, Anisimova is the youngest America woman to reach a Grand Slam semi-final since Venus Williams did so at Flushing Meadows in 1997.
Ominously, she is yet to drop a set this tournament, admitting that her own form has surprised her.
“I have been playing very well. But today I knew I had to do something different because playing against Simona, I mean, I knew it wasn’t going to be easy” Anisimova said.
“She’s an amazing athlete and player. I was just trying to show my best tennis and trying to play different from what I normally play because I knew I had to do something a little bit different just to get the win.
“I just played the best tennis of my life. I don’t know how, and I don’t know how I did it, but it just happened.”
Anisimova reached the fourth round of the Australian Open this year, but won her first career WTA title on clay in Bogota, beating Barty’s Australian compatriot Astra Sharma in the process.
She has never played Barty in a singles match on tour.
Court controversy
This year, the women’s semi-finals matches were scheduled to be played on the main show court, the 15,225-capacity Court Philippe Chatrier, on Thursday.
However, due to rain washing out an entire day’s play on Wednesday, that schedule has been thrown into chaos.
Complicating matters is the fact that the men’s semi-finals have to be played on the same day to allow the winner enough time to recover before the traditional Sunday afternoon final slot.
Additionally, Roger Federer and Rafa Nadal will face off in one of the most anticipated semi-finals in French Open history, followed by Dominic Thiem and Novak Djokovic.
Much to the disappointment of the Women’s Tennis Association (WTA), the women’s matches have been bumped to the other two show courts in the Roland Garros complex.
Barty’s clash with Anisimova will take place on Court Suzanne Lenglen, which holds 10,068 spectators.
The other semi-final between Konta and Marketa Vondrousova has been moved to the unique Court Simonne Mathieu, which incorporates greenhouses on all four sides but only seats 5,000 people.
Former French number one Amelie Mauresmo was furious, tweeting that the decision was “shameful”.
“There’s no doubt that scheduling has been challenged by weather conditions and the WTA understands the scheduling issues presented at Roland Garros,” WTA boss Steve Simon said in a statement.
“We are, however, extremely disappointed by the scheduling of both women’s semi-finals on outside courts.
“This decision is unfair and inappropriate.
“The four women who have played so well and made it this far have earned their right to play on the biggest stage.
“We believe other solutions were possible which would have been to the benefit of fans as well as all players.”
French Open tournament director Guy Forget said the decision was made in an attempt to be “fair to everyone”.
For their part, the players do not appear too concerned as to where they play.
“Obviously we would love to play on Chatrier,” Barty said.
“For me … it doesn’t really matter which court I play on.”
Animisova said: “I’m happy I get to play tomorrow. They are all beautiful courts.”
Barty’s match is due to start tonight at 7:00pm AEST.
Ashleigh BartyAshleigh Barty takes on Amanda Anisimova in maiden French Open semi-finalSporttennis
World Health Organisation study finds more than 1 million people every day worldwide catch an STI
Slow-Cooker Soy, Honey & Sriracha Pork | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line614 |
__label__wiki | 0.936433 | 0.936433 | LocalEditor's ChoiceFeatured
Nurses in Zimbabwe arrested as they protest over pay – PICTURES
On Jul 6, 2020 58,210
By FARAI MUTSAKA and MOGOMOTSI MAGOME | AP |
At least 12 nurses were arrested in Zimbabwe on Monday when they were demonstrating against their working conditions, complaining that they do not have adequate protective gear to safely treat COVID-19 patients.
Nurses take part in a protest at a government hospital in Harare, Monday, July, 6, 2020. Thousands of nurses working in public hospitals stopped reporting for work in mid-June, part of frequent work stoppages by health workers who earn less than $50 a month and allege they are forced to work without adequate protective equipment. On Monday, dozens of nurses wearing masks and their white and blue uniforms gathered for protests at some of the country’s biggest hospitals in the capital, Harare, and the second-largest city of Bulawayo.(AP Photo/Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi)
Thousands of nurses working in public hospitals stopped reporting for work in mid-June, part of frequent work stoppages by health workers who earn less than $50 a month and allege they are forced to work without adequate protective equipment such as gloves and masks. Police have been deployed to stop protests by nurses and doctors in recent months.
On Monday, dozens of nurses wearing masks and their white and blue uniforms gathered for protests at some of the country’s biggest hospitals in the capital, Harare, and the second-largest city of Bulawayo.
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Riot police give chase a nurse who was protesting at a government hospital in Harare, Monday, July, 6, 2020. Thousands of nurses working in public hospitals stopped reporting for work in mid-June, part of frequent work stoppages by health workers who earn less than $50 a month and allege they are forced to work without adequate protective equipment. On Monday, dozens of nurses wearing masks and their white and blue uniforms gathered for protests at some of the country’s biggest hospitals in the capital, Harare, and the second-largest city of Bulawayo.(AP Photo/Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi)
Zimbabwe’s coronavirus cases have been climbing in recent weeks, mostly recorded at centers where people returning to the country mainly from neighboring South Africa are kept in mandatory isolation. The country had recorded about 700 cases of coronavirus infection and 8 deaths by Monday.
Nurses sang and chanted slogans at hospital premises, carrying placards that read “Nurses lives matter,” “We have been reduced to nothing” and “We want our salaries in U.S dollars.”
After some running skirmishes, police arrested some of the nurses and shoved them into a truck at Harare Central Hospital. Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights, an organization representing the nurses, said at least 12 nurses were arrested and have been taken to a police station in the poor suburb of Mbare. They have been charged with contravening lockdown rules, the organization said.
Riot police arrest a nurse who was protesting at a government hospital in Harare, Monday, July, 6, 2020. Thousands of nurses working in public hospitals stopped reporting for work in mid-June, part of frequent work stoppages by health workers who earn less than $50 a month and allege they are forced to work without adequate protective equipment. On Monday, dozens of nurses wearing masks and their white and blue uniforms gathered for protests at some of the country’s biggest hospitals in the capital, Harare, and the second-largest city of Bulawayo.(AP Photo/Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi)
The Zimbabwe Nurses Association described the arrests as the “clearest evidence” of the government’s unwillingness to improve their conditions.
“The attempts to strangle our genuine voices through force is nothing new … however we have lost our earnings through slave wages and so we have nothing more to lose,” said the nurses association in a statement.
Zimbabwe’s health workers, like most government employees, argue that their salaries are being eroded by inflation, now at more than 750%, as the once-prosperous southern African country battles its worst economic crisis in a decade.
The frequent strikes by health workers are a further strain on a weak public health system that was already in the intensive care well before the outbreak of coronavirus.
Families of patients are expected to provide drugs, food and, in some cases, buckets of water as Zimbabwe’s once-envied health care system reflects the southern African nation’s general collapse.
Riot police surround a nurse who was protesting at a government hospital in Harare, Monday, July, 6, 2020. Thousands of nurses working in public hospitals stopped reporting for work in mid-June, part of frequent work stoppages by health workers who earn less than $50 a month and allege they are forced to work without adequate protective equipment. On Monday, dozens of nurses wearing masks and their white and blue uniforms gathered for protests at some of the country’s biggest hospitals in the capital, Harare, and the second-largest city of Bulawayo.(AP Photo/Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi)
Riot police give chase to nurses who were protesting at a government hospital in Harare, Monday, July, 6, 2020. Thousands of nurses working in public hospitals stopped reporting for work in mid-June, part of frequent work stoppages by health workers who earn less than $50 a month and allege they are forced to work without adequate protective equipment. On Monday, dozens of nurses wearing masks and their white and blue uniforms gathered for protests at some of the country’s biggest hospitals in the capital, Harare, and the second-largest city of Bulawayo.(AP Photo/Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi)
In neighboring South Africa, thousands of students returned to school Monday after nearly four months when their classes were closed to combat the spread of COVID-19, authorities are debating a return to more restrictive measures because of a surge in cases.
South African students in grades 6 and 11 started classes Monday, as the second stage of a phased reopening of schools. The first group of pupils, from grades 7 and 12, returned to classes last month. Returning learners were required to produce indemnity forms signed by their parents granting them permission to resume classes.
South Africa’s government last week won a legal challenge permitting it to proceed with reopening schools. The lawsuit had said that schools should remain closed because of the danger of the disease spreading among learners and teachers.
However, in recent days the government has postponed plans for further grades to return to class amid a quickening speed in the rise of confirmed COVID-19 cases. South Africa had 196,750 cases as of Monday, more than 40% of all the cases reported by Africa’s 54 countries. South Africa has recorded 3,199 deaths.
Health Minister Zwelini Mkhize said Monday that the government is considering re-imposing restrictions, especially in Gauteng province, which includes Johannesburg, South Africa’s largest city, because of the country’s rapid rise in cases and hospitalizations.
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Teachers, nurses and senior doctors join strike as Zimbabwe plunges into labour… | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line617 |
__label__wiki | 0.910767 | 0.910767 | NEO Share
Sharing The Latest Tech News
Tesla Model S with refreshed design reportedly spotted in Palo Alto
January 3, 2021 by systems
A refreshed Tesla Model S with a new design has reportedly been spotted driving around Palo Alto in California.
YouTube channel ‘The Kilowatts’ has posted a video of the vehicle, which was seen near Tesla’s headquarters. The refreshed Model S looks to have a wider body with a more prominent fender. Tesla also seems to have added updated wheels, new headlights and an updated rear diffuser.
It’s currently unknown if there are any internal changes, but it’s likely. It’s worth noting that the vehicle that was spotted has manufacturer plates, which means that the design couldn’t be achieved through third-party modifications and is in fact an actual prototype.
However, it’s unknown whether this vehicle is a prototype of a refreshed version of the Model S or if it’s actually just a new prototype of the upcoming Model S Plaid.
Even if there aren’t many functional changes to the car, it could still be an important change. This comes as Tesla announced that it delivered just shy of 500,000 cars in 2020. Although this is impressive, it’s worth noting that Tesla’s Q4 2020 was only slightly better than its Q4 2019.
If Tesla wants to top its record from last year, it’ll have to find a way to boost sales of its higher-end EVs, such as the Model S and a refresh could definitely help with that goal.
Source: The Kilowatts Via: Electrek
Filed Under: Mobile
Data Science Interview Deep Dive: Cross-Entropy Loss
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__label__wiki | 0.635209 | 0.635209 | Conference paper (unpublished)
Recycled Objects: Exhibiting Africa in Scotland.
Swinney, Geoffrey N
Those acts of assembling, juxtaposing and exhibiting objects, which constitute the western museum, have themselves been conceptualised as artistic processes which produce the museum as a form of ‘public art’ (Hein, 2006). Such an holistic concept is fundamentally geographical: the place and placement of objects creating new aesthetic and discursive formations which invite public gaze. These practices of space are productive of their site of action as a museum (Swinney, 2013). This paper reports on aspects of the curatorial (sensu extenso) practices and processes performative of the World Cultures’ displays of the newly opened, in 2011, National Museum of Scotland (NMoS), a multidisciplinary ‘universal survey’ museum, which is the flagship site of National Museums Scotland (NMS) (Knowles, Livne & McCormick, 2013). In particular, its focus is on how Africa is presented, represented and aestheticized in and for Scotland. It takes as its fulcrum L’Ange, a contemporary sculpture by Beninese artist Gérard Quenum (b. 1971), which was acquired by NMS specifically for inclusion in the new displays. For one European commentator, ‘Quenum’s work is composed of an eclectic mix of recycled objets trouvés – that elevates the pieces into poignant, mysterious and whimsical “portraits” of individuals or types observed in his local environment. These “portraits” serve as a ‘lens through which we view Africa’ (October Gallery, [2012]). Quenum’s recycled objects, I argue, are emblematic of the very process of museum display. The Museum’s construction and representation of the ‘ethnographical’ has a long history – a public, encyclopaedic, government-funded museum was established in Edinburgh in 1854. The new NMoS displays are but the most recent recycling of collections into new juxtapositions and new discursive formations – the latest ‘lens through which we view Africa’. Drawing on NMS public statements, archival documents, and a semi-structured interview with the Curator of the African collections, this paper reflects on the work done in ‘grinding’ that lens and situates the recent recycling of objects, the acquisition of contemporary art, and concepts of ‘the field’ and ‘fieldwork’, within the context of a longer-run history of collecting and exhibiting Africa by Scotland’s national museum. Hein, Hilde (2006) Public Art: Thinking Museums Differently. Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield. Knowles, C., Livne, I. & McCormick, K. (2013) Multiple dialogues: interpreting ethnographic collections in the twenty-first century – an introduction. Journal of Museum Ethnography 26: 3–13. October Gallery ([n.d. 2012]) ‘Gérard Quenum: Dolls never die’, 20 September – 27 October 2012, The October Gallery, London. Available at http://www.octobergallery.co.uk/exhibitions/2012que/ [accessed 22 September 2012] Swinney, G. N. (2013) ‘Towards an Historical Geography of a ‘National’ Museum: The Industrial Museum of Scotland, the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art and the Royal Scottish Museum, 1854-1939’. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh. Available at https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/8109
Collecting Geographies: Global Programming and Museums of Modern Art
http://www.museum-folkwang.de/fileadmin/_BE_Gruppe_Folkwang/Bilder/Veranstaltungen/Call_for_Papers/PROGRAM_Collecting_Geographies_03.2014.pdf
https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/8109
Related Event Date/s: 13-15 March 2014 | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line620 |
__label__cc | 0.744842 | 0.255158 | The Best of Showjumping and Dressage
In Recreation
The Sydney Horse Show has long been one of the most sought-after equestrian events in the country and continues to attract top international competitions. “We train and show horse riding in ways that are both fun and safe,” says Sydney Show Director Steve Martin.
“The Sydney Horse Show attracts more visitors each year than any other in the country and is an event that attracts many people from all over the world. The horse shows are a great way for people to learn more about the sport of horse riding.” For the novice rider, the shows also offer opportunities to socialize with others who share a passion for horse riding. If you want to ride at the Sydney Horse Show, you will need to register for an entry fee.
There are two main equestrian categories at the Sydney Horse Show: Dressage and Showjumping. Dressage is an offshoot of the Western saddle and harness training. It takes a lot of skill and practice to master but it can be enjoyed by anyone. The Showjumping category includes disciplines such as jump, jumping, hurdle and dressage. Showjumps have been used as professional competition for hundreds of years and are a very challenging competition.
Water Coolers: What Are They?
What to Look for In a Childcare Center? | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line621 |
__label__cc | 0.737884 | 0.262116 | Paul Kameen
Paul is a poet, essayist, and scholar who started writing songs, kind of out of the blue, about three years ago. You can find all of his work for free on his website (paulkameen.com) or at cost on Amazon.
Singing to Survive: From “Skin and Bones” to “A Fully Educated Man”
by Paul Kameen
“I sing because I’m happy. I sing because I’m free.” I like those lines from the famous gospel song “His Eye Is on the Sparrow,” especially as sung by The Preservation Hall Jazz Band, who convey in both their instruments and voices all the hardship and pain that often precede or surround the moments of happiness and freedom that singing can create, the way one really depends on the other to achieve its full impact.
I create a lot of different kinds of things. Singing is the one among them that always gives me more back than I put into it, leaves me feeling happy and free. Whether it’s dark or light in my life at that moment those sounds are being made, I always feel that a good eye is still on the sparrow.
February 8, 2020 soundposter acoustic, acoustic guitar, companionship, death, Folk, goodbye, grief, guitar, Olympia, poem, Singer-Songwriter, Washington Leave a comment | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line624 |
__label__cc | 0.577144 | 0.422856 | ← Francis H. Bacon: Bearer of Precious Gifts from the Dardanelles
On Finding Inspiration in Small Things: The Story of a Pencil Portrait →
To Know One’s Country as a Foreign Land
Posted: May 5, 2019 | Author: Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan | Filed under: Archival Research, Biography, Book Reviews, Food and Travel, History of Archaeology, Modern Greek History, Philhellenism, Women's Studies | Tags: Alice Leslie Walker Cosmopoulos, American College for Girls, Anne Kirschner Sakellariou, Charlotte Eleanor Ferguson, Eva Palmer Sikelianos, Jackie Coogan, John Watson Logan |9 Comments
I have always found informal travel accounts fascinating. By informal, I mean accounts found in personal diaries or letters. Occasionally, they are published posthumously by the writer’s relatives (usually for family consumption) and attract little attention because of their mundane nature. Until recently, such letters and diaries of anonymous folk were avoided by historians who considered their content subjective or inaccurate. After all, why use the private diary of an American expatriate in Greece as a source, when the event (e.g., a local revolution) was described in more detail in the newspapers or other official reports?
I, on the other hand, pay particular attention to these types of publications because they provide valuable information, otherwise undocumented, about the level of local awareness, participation or aloofness within foreign communities. Gilbert K. Chesterton (1874-1936), an English writer and philosopher, once said that “the whole object of travel is not to set foot on foreign land: it is at last to set foot on one’s own country as a foreign land.” It’s the second part of Chesterton’s comment that makes me delve into the travel accounts of foreigners-mostly Americans in my case–who have experienced Greece as a foreign land. Here I am not interested in the tourist but instead the engaged traveler, the expatriate, or, in rare cases, the committed immigrant (that is the foreigner who has almost “gone native”).
My latest source of inspiration for getting “to know my country as a foreign land” is a privately published collection of letters which came to my attention after a visit to the newly established Archives of the American College of Greece. There, Dr. Demetra Papakonstantinou, an accomplished archaeologist who now serves as the College’s Archivist, graciously shared with me a copy of a book titled Odyssey of a Learning Teacher (Greece and the Near East 1924-1925). Published in 2005 by David L. Aronson, the book contains transcriptions of the letters that his mother, Charlotte Eleanor Ferguson, a graduate from Mount Holyoke College and a teacher at the American College for Girls (what is now Pierce College), sent to her family in 1924-25. (The original letters are now part of the American School of Greece Archives.)
Front cover photograph: Charlotte Ferguson and Helen Larrabee departing from New York.
It is unfortunate that the book does not have an index because it is packed with information about people and life in Athens after the Asia Minor Catastrophe. It was the lack of an index that forced me to read Odyssey of a Learning Teacher cover to cover, in order to create my own. Another drawback is the lack of a commentary, but back in 2005, in the early days of Google and Wikipedia, it might have been difficult for Ferguson’s son to construct one. Even without these tools, the book is a delight and I commend the Ferguson-Aronson family for their efforts to make the letters available to the public. Charlotte Ferguson, despite her youth –she was barely 22 years old when she came to Greece to teach at the American College for Girls (ACG)– was a keen observer of her surroundings and the people she met.
Miss Mills’s School
The American College for Girls in Old Phaleron (a suburb of Athens) was the successor of the Collegiate Institute for Girls at Smyrna which was destroyed in 1922, when the Turks burned the city at the end of the Greek-Turkish war (1919-1922). It was also known as “Miss Mills’s School,” after one of its most famous principals, Minnie B. Mills (1872-1965). On September 12, 1922, Mills opened the school’s gates in Smyrna to offer shelter to hundreds of Greeks and Armenians whose houses had been set on fire by Turkish soldiers (I. Friedman, British Miscalculations: The Rise of Muslim Nationalism, 1918-1925, London 2012). Forced to leave Smyrna, the private school was relocated to Phaleron, a few kilometers to the south of Athens, where it continued to offer secondary education to Greek and Armenian girls.
“Miss Mills’s School” at Hellenikon, where it moved in 1932. ASCSA Archives, Homer A. Thompson Papers
From Charlotte’s comments, it is clear that the College did not fund itself though tuition since very few of its students came from well-to-do families. In fact, many of the girls were orphans who lived in the Near East Relief orphanage at the Old Palace. Among the students Ferguson noted that “seldom do the Armenian girls have older brothers or a father”– alluding to the Armenian genocide of 1915. “And half a dozen of them have been in Turkish harems as brides and the tattoos in their arms are easily seen” (p. 38). She and her friend Helen Larrabee, another Mt. Holyoke graduate, felt young and inexperienced in comparison to some of their younger pupils who had gone through hell and back. I was interested to learn that Eurydice Demetracopoulou was among the faculty of the ACG: “Miss D (first name is Eurydice) is very attractive with light brown curly hair and a very sweet manner” (p. 25). Evro Demetracopoulou would later have a long career (1938-1968) as Assistant Librarian at the Gennadius Library.
Jackie Coogan in Person
Upon her arrival in Athens in October of 1924, Charlotte attended a crowded affair at the Zappeion to welcome Jackie Coogan. I had no idea who Coogan was, why he (or she) had come to Greece, and why hundreds of orphans dressed in national costumes staged an elaborate performance in his honor, attended by the American Minister in Greece, the head of the Greek Church, and many other dignitaries. Imagine my surprise when I searched the name and discovered that John Leslie Coogan (1914-1984) was not only a famous Wunderkind who had played in movies with Charlie Chaplin (“The Kid,” 1921), but that he had also launched a modern “Children’s Crusade,” on behalf of the Near East Relief. This effort supported the orphans of the Armenian Genocide and the Asia Minor Catastrophe, by asking people to buy cans of condensed milk every time they went to the movies.
Front cover of the New Near East (June 1924 issue) depicting Jackie Coogan’s million-dollar campaign
In 1924 he had embarked on a journey across America to collect one million dollars in cash and goods for the Near East orphans (watch a two-minute mute film “Jackie Coogan Visits Detroit”). The campaign was highly successful, and in the fall of the same year Coogan arrived in Piraeus to deliver the proceeds in person to the Near East Relief.
It is this event that Charlotte attended and described in her letters: “He arrived late-due to a strenuous reception in the morning at Piraeus and entered with Father and Mother Coogan between a double row of Greek Boy Scouts, the band meantime playing the Star-Spangled Banner. The program was all in the hands of the orphans and they had some of the nicest stunts… It was so picturesque… Greetings were given to Jackie in English and Greek, and two little cherubs-a boy and girl from the Syra orphanage did a folk dance and sang at the same time. It was very interesting to have all the children performing for this so-called greatest child actor in the world…” and Ferguson concluded that “these Greek and Armenian children are born actors, and their spontaneity and lack of self-consciousness seem such a contrast with the hot house variety acting, which Jackie does” (pp. 28-29). Notice her comment about “Father and Mother Coogan,” instead of simply saying “his parents”? It presaged a serious problem that Jackie Coogan would have later with his parents, when upon reaching adulthood he discovered that his parents had spent all his earnings. (For this reason, a bill was passed by the State of California in 1939, also known as the Coogan Bill, to protect the earnings of child performers. As a middle-aged man, Coogan played “Uncle Fester” in the famous American TV series The Addams Family.)
“In a Most Illustrious Company”
I have written before about how popular afternoon tea parties were in Athens in the early decades of the 20th century. Charlotte and her colleagues from the College attended an important example on October 23, 1924, given by a Mrs. Sakellariou, whom Charlotte described as “the Columbia graduate who married the Greek university professor” (p. 44). Always fascinated by mixed marriages, I searched the Sakellariou couple on the web to find that George Sakellariou (1888-1964) had done graduate studies at the Teachers College of Columbia University before becoming professor of Psychology at the Teachers Academy in Athens, and later at the University of Thessaloniki. He must have met his wife Anne Kirschner at Columbia. I was not able to find more about her, but she appears to have been an active hostess in the 1920s and 1930s, when the Sakellariou household was a major attraction for American expatriates. And there were many such expats living in Athens in those years: the Y.M.C.A. people, the Near East Relief staff, the teachers from the ACG, the Standard Oil executives, the ULEN engineers about to arrive to start work on the Marathon dam, and, of course, the students and members of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA or the School hereafter).
Mrs. Sakellariou figures often in Ida Thallon Hill’s and Elizabeth Blegen’s daily diaries. The latter were the new brides in the social scene of Athens, having married the ASCSA’s Director Bert Hodge Hill and its Assistant Director Carl W. Blegen in the summer of 1924. But the most famous foreign bride at the time in Athens was Mrs. Sikelianos, née Eva Palmer (1874-1952), who had married one of Greece’s most famous poets, Angelos Sikelianos in 1907. Young Charlotte and her friend Helen (a.k.a. Larry) were fortunate enough to meet Eva Palmer Sikelianos in person that same afternoon. Thanks to Charlotte’s eye, we have a great description of how Eva Palmer was perceived by people when she walked into a room.
“The first person to arrive after us was a startling person, who walked in most naturally arrayed in a brown simple costume-of the old, old type. Her dress was homespun (she makes all her own things), her cloak –a draped mantle fashioned with an old brooch in the back-only queer open sandals with no tops on her feet – her golden coppery hair in two enormous braids – and a scarf bound around her forehead and pinned in the back. Who is she? The wife of a Greek poet… She is the daughter of an American millionaire-Palmer by name-but, but is at heart a Greek- all her interest and energies are spent here. Her ambition is to make Greeks appreciate Greece, and things Greek- and she does all sorts of things to this end from producing some of Aeschylus’s plays to having a special organ of fourteen intervals made on which to play the old music of the country” (pp. 44-45).
Earlier in October of 1924, Mrs. Sikelianos had attended a dinner that Ida Thallon Hill had given at the ASCSA in honor of Mrs. Montgomery Sears (née Sarah Choate), benefactor of the Corinth excavations. On the occasion of that dinner and the attendance of Eva Palmer, I have written an essay titled “Grèce en vogue: A New Wave of American Philhellenism in the 1920s.” (Since then, Artemis Leontis has published the definitive, I dare say, biography of Eva Palmer Sikelianos, based on deep archival research.)
The tea-party at the Sakellariou’s house included another guest from the American community in Greece: the legendary, but now elusive, Alice Leslie Walker Cosmopoulos (1885-1954). “Then along came Mr. and Mrs. Cosmopoulos –she a Vassar graduate of 1902, a famous archaeologist (Miss Walker), very deaf, and with a cherubic face. Last year, she married the man who bossed all her excavations—a man well versed in excavating but without the educational background that she has. They had just returned from the summer spent in Switzerland and France,” scribbled Charlotte, obviously mystified by these unconventional American women.
The Unfortunate “Uncle”
In her letters Charlotte refers many times to an “uncle” (always in quotes) who was associated with the ASCSA. The two girls met “uncle” on board a ship bound for Greece. He is described as “a young PhD from Georgia,” an “intellectual but nice quiet young man” and a “kindred spirit,” whom she and Helen (Larry) immediately adopted as an “uncle” (p. 5).
John Watson Logan (1898-1925), a graduate of Emory University with a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, was on his way to Athens to attend the annual program of the American School. While in Greece “uncle” would often visit the two girls in Old Phaleron. “He gets out between the archaeological trips which the School takes. He likes our company and sweet chocolate-but he doesn’t furnish us with much except the satisfaction of having someone in trousers drop in to relieve the monotony of skirts,” commented Charlotte in one of her letters (Nov. 24, 1924; p. 66). In January 1925, at another social gathering, “uncle” was beaming and chattering, and to Charlotte’s surprise he invited them for tea at the ASCSA. He also offered “to bring Mr. Stillwell, out for an evenings [sic] foursome of bridge sometime soon.” (Stillwell, B.A. Princeton University 1921 and M.F.A Princeton 1924, was the Special Fellow in Architecture that year at the American School; he would become Director of the ASCSA in 1932-1935.) Was Logan in love with one of the girls? We will never find out because he was killed two months later.
John W. Logan, shortly before his death. ASCSA Archives, Administrative Records.
The last time Charlotte and Helen saw Logan alive was at the American School’s Open Meeting in early March of 1925, where “Mr. Hill and Mr. Blegen reported on new excavations at Nemea and Phlious… There was a very interesting group of people there –Japanese, German, English, American, Greek and Russian” (p. 184). A few days later during a trip to Epirus, a party of five students from the American and British Schools was ambushed near Arta. One of the students, Logan, was shot through the lungs. Although it initially appeared that he was going to survive, “uncle” died a week later, resulting in diplomatic tension between Greece and Italy, as there was considerable speculation about the identity of the assailants and their real intentions. (In the ASCSA Archives there is a separate folder about Logan’s death and funeral containing correspondence, photos, and press clippings.) In a letter to Logan’s father on March 31, 1925, Hill tried to explain the possible motives behind the crime.
“The first impression, that the assailants were ordinary bandits, does not seem to be confirmed on reflection. They would normally stop a car by means of a barricade… or by a threat of shooting or firing into the tires; and they would then collect what money they could from the passengers or/and carry off one or more of them as prisoners to be ransomed. The actual assailants seem to have intended primarily to injure the occupants of the car… There was in fact no pursuit at all: neither John nor any of the others ever saw the assailants nor heard anything except the shots… The probability is that these fled immediately without going down into the road at all, either having discovered that they had shot at the wrong party… or having accomplished their purpose in committing a notable outrage on foreign travelers…” (ASCSA AdmRec 805/1, folder 1).
The ambush as it was illustrated for an Italian newspaper. ASCSA Archives, Administrative Records.
Both Charlotte and Helen attended their friend’s funeral: “A state affair with a guard of honor, masses of flowers from state organizations and political parties… After five minutes, the Cabinet, and Prime minister arrived… There were silk hats, white gloves, and dignity on the part of the Americans, less formality with the officials of republican Greece. The government paid all expenses of the funeral but assumed no other responsibility. They couldn’t…” hinting at how nervous the Greeks were about the incident and its possible repercussions for their foreign policy.
“I could have eaten tails, heads and bones”
Those of you who read my posts regularly know that I am interested not only in the history of Greek cuisine but also how it was perceived by foreigners. To me, food is predictive: the more one is open to “exotic” tastes, the more one is able to understand and take part in a foreign culture. After all, don’t they say “tell me what you eat and I’ll tell you who you are”?
Charlotte seriously delved into Greek food. There are long descriptions of meals in her family letters. American travelers were usually amazed by the abundance and taste of the fruits, did not like the unsalted butter made from sheep milk, and had a hard time eating food cooked in oil. “Everything swims in oil, we get unsalted soft butter only for breakfast and on bread at tea… Potatoes are scarce, and rice takes their place most of the time. The fruits delicious –grapes, fresh figs, quinces and once watermelon. Chestnuts, those large, meaty ones are very plentiful and are served as a vegetable, or even for desert,” thus communicated Charlotte to her family as first impressions of the Greek food (p. 31).
On another occasion, during a trip to the country, her party traded with a shepherd a few pieces of chocolate for some bread and goat cheese. “The bread was a fresh brown bread and I could have easily been a shepherd, if I had such fare, with the hard crumbly, white cheese from goat’s milk.” Later that evening they ended up in Oropos for dinner. “The menu was macaroni and cheese, turkey (only a taste for each-but what a taste) potatoes, and a choice little fish with a name that sounds like ‘barbounia’… Although the food was simply cooked, the turkey melted in our mouths, and the little fish browned in butter, were so nice I could have eaten tails, heads and bones,” described an ecstatic Charlotte, reminding me that despite recent efforts to westernize Greek cuisine or introduce the concept of “fusion,’ nothing beats the taste of fried μαρίδα (whitebait), γαύρο (anchovy) or μπαρμπουνάκι (small red mullet).
Charlotte and Helen (Larry) did not miss a chance to go around Athens and explore a wide variety of surroundings and situations. On one occasion they visited the Physical Laboratory of the University of Athens (Charlotte had majored in Biology and Chemistry) where they made their way through hundreds of male students before meeting the professor they had corresponded with. Charlotte was rather surprised to find (and I with her) a state-of-the art lab, “all German” because, after the Great War, Germany paid part of her debt to Greece in apparatus (p. 265). Truly amazed by the sight of the lab, she wondered about the chemistry class she was teaching at the ACG: “Quite a jump from the dishpan and baking powder can experiments which we had this year” she noted.
On another occasion, Charlotte took her senior class to the legendary Fix Factory on Syngrou Avenue, where they witnessed all stages of ice and beer making. At the end of their tour, the group was offered bread, cheese, golden brown fish, and “six foaming mugs” of the “best bier I have ever tasted” (p. 256).
Travelers, Not Tourists…
A recurrent theme in Charlotte’s letters is her low opinion of tourists, especially those who toured the Mediterranean in cruise ships. She took special pleasure in writing that “one insisted on going to see the Acropolis when they had just come down from it” or “tourists are so funny –they know so little and say so much…” [pp. 183, 187].
Reading Charlotte’s comments, I remembered that a few years ago, when I was writing “ ‘All Aboard’: Cruising the Aegean in 1923,” I read an enjoyable description of tourists in Evelyn Waugh’s Labels, published about the same time, in 1929: ‘… baffled, breathless, their heads singing with unfamiliar names, their bodies strained and bruised from scrambling in and out of motor charabancs, up and down staircases, and from trailing disconsolately through miles of gallery and museum at the heels of a facetious and contemptuous guide… Must they go on to the very end? Are there more cathedrals, more beauty spots, more sites of historical events, more works of art? Is there no remission in this pitiless rite?”
Ninety years later, I have to ask myself do I feel more like a tourist or traveler when I board a plane for a three- or five-day European trip?
Charlotte Ferguson was born in 1902 in New Bloomfield (Dauphin County, PA) into a family of farmers and teachers. Later her family moved to near Harrisburg, where Charlotte’s father taught at the Harrisburg School. After graduation from high school, Charlotte received a scholarship to Mt. Holyoke College in South Hadley, MA, where she majored in Biology and Chemistry (1923). After a year of teaching at Connecticut College for Women, she and Helen Larrabee approached the American Board of Missions of the Congregational Church looking for a position in China, but they were sent to Greece instead. Following her return to the U.S. Charlotte was hired as a research assistant at the Henry Phipps Institute in Philadelphia (1926-1927). In 1927, she married Joseph David Aronson.
9 Comments on “To Know One’s Country as a Foreign Land”
Natalia, as always, fascinating stuff, so many intertwined threads. Those of us who enjoy the old flicks will remember Jackie Coogan very well. In terms of popularity, a sort of male version of the other famous child star of the era, Shirley Temple. You are so right–the little personal details from correspondence bring the players back to life. Thanks again for sharing.
Thank you Glenn. Many younger Americans (in their 30s and 40s) didn’t know who Jackie Coogan was, but once I identified him as “Mr. Fester” from The Addams Family, they understood who he was. But, still, they couldn’t identify “Mr. Fester” with the adorable boy of the Chaplin movies.
kouzinacooking says:
Fascinating – as always !
I read this post sitting in the Atlanta airport, waiting to fly to Athens. I hope to be something better than those tourists! Thank you so much for another wonderful story from the archives.
Thanks, Maria. That’s what I also hope to achieve every time I travel to a new place.
Thanks, Natalia. Great, as always. I had Sakellariou as a teacher in the University of Athens, only briefly since he was in the States for most of my time as a student; among us he : was famous for a psychology handbook where among his “:ten rules for a happy marriage” he listed”:husband must be tn years older and ten kilos heavier then his wife”! You can imagine the comments…. Mrs. S. I remember chiefly because she did not permit shoes in the house, so we had to leave ours by the door!
Dear Tessa: Thank you again for this valuable information. It adds to the puzzle of the School’s social networks.
debaronson says:
How fun to read this account of my grandmother’s letters! I confess I read them when they were first published by my father but without the context this post provides, much of my grandmother’s observations were lost on me. This inspires me to return to the letters and re-read them! Thank you for this.
Dear Deb: I am so glad that you wrote! I had a great time reading your grandmother’s acute observations and put them in context. I haven’t read the second volume yet but I will do soon. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line626 |
__label__cc | 0.681743 | 0.318257 | For the week ending 10 June 2017 / 16 Sivan 5777
Parshat Beha'alotcha
Aharon is taught the method for kindling the Menorah. Moshe sanctifies the levi'im to work in the Mishkan. They replace the first-born, who were disqualified after sinning at the golden calf. The levi'im are commanded that after five years of training they are to serve in the Mishkan from ages 30 to 50; afterwards they are to engage in less strenuous work. One year after the Exodus from Egypt, G-d commands Moshe concerning the korban Pesach. Those ineligible for this offering request a remedy, and the mitzvah of Pesach Sheini, allowing a "second chance" to offer the korban Pesach one month later, is detailed. Miraculous clouds that hover near the Mishkan signal when to travel and when to camp. Two silver trumpets summon the princes or the entire nation for announcements. The trumpets also signal travel plans, war or festivals. The order in which the tribes march is specified. Moshe invites his father-in-law, Yitro, to join the Jewish People, but Yitro returns to Midian. At the instigation of the eruv rav - the mixed Egyptian multitude who joined the Jewish People in the Exodus - some people complain about the manna. Moshe protests that he is unable to govern the nation alone. G-d tells him to select 70 elders, the first Sanhedrin, to assist him, and informs him that the people will be given meat until they will be sickened by it. Two candidates for the group of elders prophesy beyond their mandate, foretelling that Yehoshua instead of Moshe will bring the people to Canaan. Some protest, including Yehoshua, but Moshe is pleased that others have become prophets. G-d sends an incessant supply of quail for those who complained that they lacked meat. A plague punishes those who complained. Miriam tries to make a constructive remark to Aharon which also implies that Moshe is only like other prophets. G-d explains that Moshe's prophecy is superior to that of any other prophet, and punishes Miriam with tzara'at as if she had gossiped about her brother. (Because Miriam is so righteous, she is held to an incredibly high standard.) Moshe prays for her, and the nation waits until she is cured before traveling.
“And Aharon did so…” (8:3)
Stage fright, or as it’s called in Hebrew “aimat ha’tzibbur” — literally, “fear of the public”, affects nearly everyone.
For some people, having a molar extracted without anesthesia would be a preferable alternative to having to perform in public.
The degree of nervousness depends on several factors: The size of the audience, the importance of the audience, the amount, or lack, of preparation, the importance of the event, and the difficulty of the presentation.
Several years ago I was invited to speak at the plenary session of Agudat Yisrael. I had taken the precaution of flying to New York a couple of days before the event, having remembered a previous experience when I got off the plane, jumped into a taxi at JFK airport, rushed over to Long Island, davened with the yeshiva and then gave a speech to them for an hour. I had slept little, if at all, on the plane, and when I started to speak I felt like someone had filled my mouth with steel wool.
Because the Aguda Convention was both very large (around five thousand people) and it was a very distinguished gathering, I rehearsed my speech until I could “do it in my sleep”. Not that that left no room for improvisation and spontaneity, but I believe, like a gymnast or a musician, when you reach the point where things become automatic, you can go into a “state of flow”. Because your mind is relieved of all technical considerations, you can “fly”.
I’m happy to say the speech was well received, but at the end of the day, however much work you put in, finding chein (favor) in peoples’ eyes is something that comes only from G-d.
In this week’s Torah portion Aharon HaKohen has a “command performance” that leaves all teeth-chattering, palm-sweating appearances in the shade. Aharon has to perform in front of the most important “audience” in the universe — G-d.
An ordinary person having to light the Menorah in front of the Master of the Universe would lose all physical coordination, become a mass of quivering jelly and pour the oil all over the floor.
Aharon, however, “did so.” Aharon rose to the occasion and performed his task flawlessly.
Sources: based on the Kedushat Levi as seen in Mayana shel Torah | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line629 |
__label__cc | 0.653232 | 0.346768 | Home / Expert Opinion / Commentary / Commentary: Sometimes the first will be last and the last first
Commentary: Sometimes the first will be last and the last first
Although I have written before about social media and ethics, a recent court order has me thinking yet another admonition is in order.
Lawyers are trained to be quick to provide answers or information to their clients. Speed creates value. And that’s what we want to do for clients, because when they find themselves in need of help, we hope that the value we had previously created gets us that first phone call.
If nothing else, it should help keep us first in the minds of former clients and make us stand out from the pack for prospective clients. But, unfortunately, sometimes in the world of social media — as it is written in the Bible — “the last shall be first, and the first last.”
A case in point — a young partner in the Chicago office of an Indiana-based law firm found himself in hot water recently over some of his tweets. His transgression? He was live tweeting during a trial in the North District of Illinois.
Unfortunately, his short messages were sent out during the trial of a commodities trader who stood accused of market manipulation (“spoofing”). The trader’s alleged transgressions involved rapidly placing orders and then subsequently cancelling them, a maneuver the Feds apparently don’t like.
What about live tweeting, though? It doesn’t sound so bad, right?
Oh yeah, one thing I forgot to mention — U.S. District Court Judge Harry Leinweber had issued an order specifically forbidding the use of phones in his courtroom.
Then again, it is somewhat understandable that a lawyer who was apparently so giddy to watch this trial might not have first thought to log into PACER to pull that particular court order. Yet, even with granting our young transgressor that benefit of the doubt, how do we explain his overlooking the 4-foot sign hung outside the courtroom?
Written in all caps, it clearly proclaimed, “Photographing, recording or broadcasting is prohibited.” Before we rush to condemn him, though, we should keep in mind that it’s not as if this lawyer was tweeting from a trial in which he or anyone from his firm was directly involved as an attorney of record.
No, here he was nothing more than a spectator. Clearly, the subject matter of the trial interested him (at least I think it did from what I can discern from his online bio and some of his other tweets from that day). So while the trial was unfolding, he apparently thought it a good idea to be the first to broadcast reports on the proceedings.
The goal, no doubt, was to provide something of value to his 224 Twitter followers (yes, you read that number correctly). And he succeeded to an extent.
For proof, we need look no farther than his current number of Twitter followers. As I write this article two weeks after the fact, I see that it has doubled.
Unfortunately for this young partner, the Chief Judge in the Northern District of Illinois has now requested that he again be first — the first in line for an order to show why he should not be sanctioned. Zoinks!
Clearly this was a screw-up. The natural question then is: What lessons can be drawn from this Twitter fiasco? Well, obviously, one is that lawyers should obey court orders at all times. For some reason this partner thought he could get some much needed “street cred” (seriously, fewer than 225 followers?) from showing that he was Johnny on the Spot and reporting breaking news.
I mean, who could fail to feel the tension that was no doubt present in the courtroom after reading tweets such as: “#hft in the spotlight” and “We have been watching the prosecution and the defense at the Cosica #HFT spoofing trial”?
A second obvious lesson this smackdown teaches us is to think before we act. One thing we should all know by now is that our ability to get a smartphone into a courtroom does not in itself justify informing the world of everything we witness.
Along the same lines, just because we might have thoughts running through our heads, it does not necessarily follow that it is wise to begin broadcasting them. Although having a quick answer or social post could arguably create value for clients, being the first to comment on something is at the same time not always a sign of intelligence.
Sometimes it could just make you the first person to get in trouble, which could be long-lasting, since posts on social media tend to stay around forever.
Finally, it’s important to remember that if you are going to persist in thinking that being the first to broadcast information on social media will help you create value and have your clients, colleagues and the rest of the world take you seriously, you ought to have more than 225 Twitter followers. Seriously. A Twitter account about Kim Kardashian’s shoes has more than 1,500 followers. Just saying.
A version of this column originally appeared in Wisconsin Law Journal, sister publication to The Daily Record.
Expert Opinion Nate Cade 11:32 pm Wed, December 9, 2015 NY Daily Record
Tagged with: Expert Opinion Nate Cade | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line631 |
__label__cc | 0.601374 | 0.398626 | What is Cleft
Mission Schedule
COVID-19 Conversation: Putting our Expertise to Work
May 4, 2020 Toby WardFrom the field
Now, more than ever it’s our charge to safeguard the health and well-being of individuals around the world. We’re building upon our expertise in delivering cleft surgery and care in resource-limited settings as well as our history of improving the health and dignity of those we serve.
That’s why we’re finding the most meaningful ways that we can support people and their health needs in the communities where we work, even when medical missions are postponed, care centres are closed, and the future feels uncertain. It’s in this uncertainty that our swift action is required, and we’re doing everything that we can to help patients, families, and countries as this affects them.
This “COVID-19 Conversation” featured a live question-and-answer session with Ernest Gaie, our Senior Advisor of Global Business Operations, and Stuart Myers, our Senior Vice President of Global Operations and Programmes. The session was hosted by Laura Gonzalez, our Digital Content Manager, and John Streit, our Managing Editor and Writer, moderated the audience’s chat and questions.
Ernest brings 20 years of field-based experience working with nonprofit organisations primarily in sub-Saharan Africa and is a proud recipient of the Clinton Global Health Initiative for his outstanding leadership and management of Africare’s response to the Ebola epidemic in Liberia between 2014 and 2015.
Stuart has 15 years of experience of working within 30 countries on operations and programme management and has served in key roles at Project HOPE and the People to People Foundation.
Event Transcript
Laura: All right. So we’re going to go ahead and get started. I just want to say a quick thank you to all of you guys on the line for joining tonight. We’re so excited to announce Operation Smile’s first “COVID-19 Conversation” and the topic of this conversation is going to be “Putting Our Expertise to Work.”
I’m Laura Gonzalez; I’m Operation Smile’s Digital Content Manager, and a lot of my work focuses heavily around our storytelling. I work really closely with my colleague, John, and I’ll let him introduce himself and then go over some of our rules for the chat.
John: Hi, I’m John Streit, the Managing Editor and Writer for Operation Smile, and alongside Laura, we’ve been keeping really close tabs on all of the stories that we’re going to be talking about tonight. And you know, we’ve been in this unprecedented the time, but we’re excited to share our initial response and how we’re putting our expertise to work with you guys.
I’ll be moderating the chat area of the webcast tonight. So, if you have any questions or want to engage in conversation with me during the webinar when Ernest or Stuart are speaking, just to enter it into the chat area, and I’ll be engaging in there. And then also, if you have any questions, I’ll be gathering those and, time permitted, will ask Stuart and Earnest some questions at the end of our event.
Laura: Thank you so much, John. And now I’m really excited to introduce you guys to two of our panelists. We feel really appreciative to have their time today and to hear what they have to say about Operation Smile’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
So, our panelists are Ernest Gaie; he’s our senior advisor of global business operations. Ernest brings decades of field basic experience working with nonprofit organisations in sub-Saharan Africa and was honoured by the Clinton Global Health Initiative for his outstanding leadership and management of Africa’s response to the Ebola epidemic between 2014 and 2015.
And Stuart Myers is our senior vice president of global operations and programmes. Stuart has served in key roles at Project Hope and People to People Foundation. He has worked in 30 countries over 15 years and has expertise in operations and project management.
Stuart, Ernest, thank you so much for joining today’s conversation.
Stuart: Thank you for having us. I appreciate the opportunity to share some of the things that have been going on.
Ernest: Thanks for having us, Laura and John, for sure.
Laura: Yeah, so we’re going to hop right into some questions, and then as John mentioned, at the end we might have an opportunity for audience participation.
So, Ernest, the current pandemic isn’t your first experience responding to an outbreak of infectious disease. How did your leadership and management of Africare’s response to the 2014 and ‘15 Ebola epidemic in Liberia prepare you for your current response with Operation Smile in regards to COVID-19?
Ernest: Yeah, sure, thanks Laura.
You know, after the Ebola in Liberia, I said to myself that I hope I never have an opportunity to get involved in another epidemic and, wow, five to six years down the road here I am again. I guess it’s a true call to our humanity and our profession and what we are passionate about, so, really glad to be here and to be a part of this noble institution.
I want to say that infectious disease outbreaks, such as the Ebola virus disease and now COVID-19, do have significant impact on health systems when you have such a scale and magnitude as we’ve had with COVID-19 that was declared a pandemic.
And when we talk about the health system it’s everything inclusive – health care workers, the health infrastructure, the testing and just the whole clinical aspect of it – the testing and diagnosis capability, the clinical solutions and just the surveillance aspect of it as well. So these things are largely impacted, and it is even more impactful when it comes to low and middle income countries. The reason is simple, we just struggle with weaker health systems and competing priorities and therefore, the level of investment that is required for the health system is also compromised by those competing priorities. And that was the case with Liberia where I worked with Aftercare as a country director. We served as a partner to the Ministry of Health just basically trying to help rebuild the health system in Liberia and show that essential health services were rebuilt and provided to folks.
And so, in 2014, we had this epidemic, the Ebola virus epidemic, and one of the reasons why it was it was critical for us to engage as an organisation was we realised that quickly, because the system was so overwhelmed, critical and essential health care was also compromised. At the time, Liberia was recording some of the worst maternal and child health indicators in the world. And therefore, the fact that the health facilities were also overwhelmed, they were unable to continue to provide essential maternal and child health care services. People realised that people were dying from basic simple sicknesses like malaria.
So as an organisation, one of the things that I did was to quickly bring back our programme team and say, “Look, listen, as a major partner to the Ministry of Health, this is a health emergency.” We cannot just sit and say, “We are implementing a development programme. And therefore, we’ll deal with the emergency; we’ll come back and deal with the post-recovery and development initiative.” So we reprogrammed; we repurposed some of the resources that we had for the response to, one, ensure that health care workers and the facilities had the requisite support to respond to any cases of Ebola that did show up at those facilities, but, two, to ensure that other essential services were provided.
I think this is the intersect. This is the experience and the skill set that I bring to this. I’m really pleased with the level of flexibility that has been demonstrated by Operation Smile and it’s leadership. I just really want to recognise the senior leadership and our Chief Medical Officer (Dr. Ruben Ayala) for stepping up and not just stepping out but demonstrating and putting forth it’s extensive network of medical expertise and other resources. I think this is just a phenomenal initiative that has happened so quickly. I was asked to lead and was able to mobilise the team that we’re currently working with.
One of the things that we did was to get out to our regional directors to get out to the respective foundations and programme countries that we work with and really try to gauge what the situation was in their respective countries and to understand from them, first-hand, where the critical needs and gaps were, and how we, as an organisation, can engage in the response as a partner, like a true partner, to them in good times, but in challenging times. I’m pleased to say that, out of that process, we now have a global COVID-19 response plan and implementation framework that we’ll be talking about later on this call. But really it has been a phenomenal experience – really incredible people we are working with and I’m so delighted that my experience from Ebola is really contributing towards our overall global response to support our foundations.
Laura: It’s wonderful to have that expertise that you bring, and when you speak about implementation of programmes like this, I think, Stuart, you kind of jumped in feet first when you joined the organisation. How have you been able to balance delving into the organisation, getting to know Operation Smile while also having to deal with such a dramatic disruption in the way that we run our programmes typically?
Stuart: I have to start by saying it’s coming up on the 90-day mark, and I have to say, it’s probably the most interesting 90 days I have ever had. I started I think the day the global conference started (early February 2020) and was an attendee there and attendee at the regional directors’ conference after. So, I got a very, very good overview of what Operation Smile was and started to just barely get an idea of how the pieces all fit together.
And then the COVID-19 pandemic began. What that allowed me to do was to see what I think is some of the best of Operation Smile. The easy thing for Operation Smile to have done would have been to say, “You know, it’s a pandemic. We’re not a relief organisation; we’ll just wait at home.” But from top to bottom of the organisation, the exact opposite response took place.
I think it was a good demonstration of the culture of Operation Smile, the compassion that it has for the people, patients and foundations and partners that we work with. It was also a time to experience firsthand the expertise that is available in the organisation: People like Ernest, people like Ruben, the Chief Medical Officer, (Operation Smile Co-Founder and CEO Dr. Bill Magee) and all of the regional directors, country directors and partners to see all of those people pull together in a response to what became a very, very serious problem for not just any one of our countries but all of them together. To see all come together in a very short timeframe and a very professional manner was very heartening for me. It’s really instructional, but also very heartening.
Laura: Yeah and you both speak about the leadership and the way that you guys, as members of that leadership group, came together. Can you take us a little bit behind the scenes after the pandemic was officially declared and governments around the world began implementing the various mandates that resulted in our medical programmes being postponed and international travel being postponed? What were the conversations like when leadership convened and decided that we did need to adapt the way that we’re working?
Stuart: The conversations immediately turned to focus upon, “What was the impact going to be upon our patients?” and furthermore, “What was the impact going to be on our volunteers?” At the time that the pandemic really rose to the surface as a serious global issue, we still had a number of missions that were planned in anticipation of being able to treat patients. We had international volunteers and local volunteers all geared up and ready to go.
But what really came to the forefront was making sure that the patients were safe and that our volunteers would be safe. That led to a number of discussions around both of those issues and also discussions with some other NGOs about how they were responding to the virus and the impact on their programmes, now looking for possibilities of where, even though our mission schedule may have been disrupted, how do we participate and help at the local level with the responses that were taking place.
Because we recognised very early that there was going to be a tremendous strain on the local health systems, and in order to make sure that they were able to respond appropriately, we took action to authorise our foundations, for example, to release buys and potentially equipment that we had in hand could be useful in responding to do the pandemic. So a lot of discussions around safety and volunteers, but then very quickly also discussions around, “How could we best respond?”
Laura: And so we’ve seen around the world that our staff and our volunteers have been innovating to serve the needs of the local communities where we’re working. Could you tell us a little bit more about some of those innovations, maybe the ones that are most impressive to you or the most out-of-the-box?
Stuart: Ernest, I’ll let you take this one.
Ernest: Thank you, Stuart. So on the COVID response side of things, as I said earlier, the leadership decided that it will reprogramme and repurpose to really support some of the initiatives that the foundations have stepped up to it as part of their own national response as well. So, we were able to release some funding to the different foundations, and the funding has been used to support some of the initiatives. In India for example there are regions where we have a comprehensive care centre – our regional director and executive director Abhishek (Sengupta) has worked with his team to address the immediate need of some of the most vulnerable populations.
They were able to provide food and non-food hygiene kits to go along with families. This is typical and we’re going to continue to see this as long as this pandemic continues, that more vulnerable populations will be faced with multiple challenges.
Not just with the epidemic itself but challenges around how do they meet their basic needs and how will they be able to even access health care if they need basic health care. So, that’s something that is happening. Other foundations have stepped up as Stuart mentioned to donate their supplies to the response, to their partner hospital partners or to the ministries of health.
We have also provided some trainings as well, and we have webinars that we have set up just to show that health care workers, front-line health care workers, have the basic training and skill set to respond to this pandemic. So those are some of the kind of initiatives that are happening.
In some other instances, we’ve been able to provide the foundations with the ability to provide equipment. In Malawi, for example, our team, staying engaged with some of the patients and their families, have also provided income-generating training so families are being taught to produce soap. We thought that was really fascinating and very great on their part, to ensure that they are able to have one of the critical supplies that they need to continue to protect themselves. I mean, like everybody is saying, “Wash your hands; sanitise your hands.”
Well if you don’t have the materials or the supplies to do that, how can you do that in an effective way? And so, you know, that’s just one of the ways. I’ll turn it over to Stuart to talk about what we’re doing from a technological standpoint to continue to stay engage with some of our patients.
Stuart: Sure, thank you. One of the things that started roughly at the same time that the pandemic started is that we began, in Nicaragua, to use a digital platform to reach out to patients, for example, who needed services related to speech pathology and potentially psychosocial support. That is a new initiative for us. We are looking at ways that we can, for example, roll that platform out across Latin America.
Also, a number of the local foundations have been doing things with text messaging and SMS messaging, where we’ve had access to cell phone numbers. We’ve been able to send a message just to check and make sure that our patients are doing okay and are doing well. So there are a number of ways that we’re trying to utilise technology that exists to be able to stay in touch with our patients and also help to respond to the COVID pandemic itself.
One of our speech pathologists uses the platform to communicate with patients. I think there’s a lot of potential in that type of initiative. If you have the platform, there are a number of things you can do across the continuum of comprehensive care, and that could reach back to your first initial contacts with the patient and getting them screened, getting them into the queue for treatment, all the way through the surgery process and then even beyond that to additional services that they might need.
So, we’re very excited about that. We think that’s a something that’s got great potential for us in the future.
Laura: Right, and speaking of the future, we’re getting some great questions in the chat about what returning to normal looks like once were given the all-clear that it’s safe to resume operations as usual. What are we doing right now to ensure that that transition is smooth?
Stuart: One of the things I think to keep in mind about something like an epidemic, it’s a different kind of event than, say, an earthquake or a hurricane, where the event is very concentrated and then you can immediately move into a relief and recovery. The pandemic, as we’ve all seen, has sort of been a rolling event. Country after country seems to get affected. Our assumption is that countries will come out of the pandemic in roughly the same kind of manner.
There will be a rolling recovery and restart. We’re working with our regional directors and the local foundations to try to get a handle on what that will look like both in terms of what it looks like in terms of timing of reopening countries and what kind of recovery period, for example, is the local health system going to need when they’ve been stretched so far to resolve the pandemic. They’re likely to have needs of their own in terms of just being able to do simple things like restocking supplies and making sure that they have staff available that’s well, rested and able to participate.
We’re looking for, essentially, at what we think will be a rolling kind of reopening and restarting. It will be driven by how quickly the countries are able to respond to COVID, but then also how quickly, for example, can they get back to where they can do the types of surgeries that we do in the local health system. Ernest, is there something you want to add to that?
Ernest: Yeah, sure, thanks. Laura, I’m glad that you asked this question, because I think it’s a critical question for us, and we need to be able to let people know what we’re doing so far. That will kind of pivot us into implementing our core programmes.
Just a couple of things: one, I think it’s important for us to realise that one of the things that such epidemics or pandemics when it comes to health systems is that if you roll the confidence and trust of people in the system – and when I say people, I’m talking about both service providers and those who were seeking the service.
So, health care workers, they want to be sure that they have the appropriate infrastructure that will protect them while they are providing the services and care. They want to make sure that they have personal protective equipment that can also help to protect them. They want to make sure that they do have the testing capabilities within their respective health facilities to ensure that they’re providing. And on the fourth side is that they need to be sure that when a patient walks in they have the clinical supplies, whether it’s vaccines or whatever kind of medical supplies that are needed to provide care. That has to be there to assure them.
On the other side, patients need to be assured that when they walk into a facility showing symptoms, or they feel that they have some kind of illness, they may not know that that facility is equipped to diagnose and to be able to treat and care for them.
Thankfully, as an organisation, to our federated model, our foundations are really stepping up to do that. We’re really grateful to have this extensive network of volunteers across the globe that have quickly adapted and adjusted themselves and put themselves to the front line.
So in terms of that assurance, we are already there. And you know patients are coming in to our senior volunteers … our staff and they show them that yes, “When things quiet down, it will be easier. We can trust these facilities and these health care workers to provide care for us.” More than that, through our foundation and leadership and with the trust and confidence of our donors and our partners, we reallocated the funding to support the national response.
As I speak to you, we have acquired almost 170 oxygen concentrators. We have acquired over 200 pulse oximeters and we have acquired a little over 500,000 assorted personal protective supplies that are all going right now to sub-Saharan Africa and to two countries in North Africa.
These, in our view, are just part of us reassuring the service providers and those who are seeking the services that, “Look, listen, we have the capability; we have the support network; we’re here as a key strategic partner to you as minister of health; we want to help you through this process. We will be standing and walking with you as we transition back to normal programming.”
So, I think that trust is critical, and I’m really, really very pleased that even those who are our individual (donors) are aware of what we’re doing, and they trust Operation Smile. And I can tell you, clearly, for sure that from our Co-Founders, Bill and Kathy (Magee), to our Chief Operating Officer Jim Siti, to our Chief Development Officer Kendra (Davenport) to (Senior Vice President of Global Philanthropy) Kristie (Porcaro), everybody is working around the clock to really stay engaged with all the different stakeholders, informing them of what we’re doing and reassuring them that during this critical period, we are repurposing and we’re providing much-needed support.
Here at home, we were able to provide basic needs to Sentara medical hospital here in in Virginia Beach. More than that, through our Student Programs, you can see that from the East Coast, Mid-America, Midwest, and West Coast, Kathy and Bridget (Clifford) and Jennifer (McKendree) are working tirelessly with their teams and students to provide hot meals to front-line health care workers. I mean, it is incredible teamwork here, and trust, in my opinion, is what is fueling this but the passion and the drive that we have are additional support to this.
I mentioned Ruben, our Chief Medical Officer, who is constantly engaging his colleagues in the medical field and our regional medical officers, so I can safely say that with the support and what is already going on in our respective foundations and programme countries and through our regional directors who can see a seamless transition back into all programmes.
Two things that we are working on right now to ensure that that is also included: one, we do realise that the infrastructure, particularly when it comes to our comprehensive care centres, we are now working with medical directors in those foundations where we have care centres, the (executive directors) and regional directors to ensure that the infrastructure is properly equipped to triage patients as they come in, so that in the future if we ever, God forbid, do have a similar situation that staff and other patients are not at risk when they walk in.
We’re doing trainings right now, we are partnering with other organisations to continue to ensure that front-line health care workers have the appropriate knowledge and skill set to really provide care in a safe manner.
Laura: Yeah, I’m hearing a lot of this trust and compassion which I feel are our core values of our organisation. We are out of time, but Stuart, did you have any kind of closing words you’d like to add?
Stuart: Just that, you know, the event has been unprecedented, and all organisations are trying to figure out how to how to respond in the immediate sense and how to position and come out of this pandemic. I think Operation Smile will not be an exception to that.
We are actively reviewing how we do, for example, our mission activities and what that will look like in a post-COVID world, where there may be restrictions on the size of groups that you can get together, how long they can stay together. So they’re going to be some adjustments along those lines that we will need to add, and we’re working our way through those very well. I’m very optimistic about and positive about the progress we’ve made and what the future looks like for us moving forward.
The organisation is a great organisation. It’s got a very critical role to play. We’re sure that we play the role in the current situation but also that we continue to play that important role as we move forward. I just appreciate everybody’s effort and support.
Laura: Thank you, both Steward and Ernest, so much for joining and for sharing your expertise with our audience. I know they appreciate it.
Audience Q&A
Zak: What did the rebuilding of the (Liberian) health system look like post epidemic?
Ernest: It was challenging, considering that the system was already impacted by the 14-year civil conflict. However, there was commitment from international development partners like USAID, Irish-Aid, DFID, World Bank and others that continued to fund the rebuilding process. So, we continued training healthcare workers, strengthening supply chains with delivery of essential medical supplies including pharmaceuticals, and improving health infrastructure. The focus was really building local health systems’ capacity at primary health care level to deliver essential health care in the areas of extended programme of immunisation/EPI, reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health.
Linda: What criteria will Operation Smile use to determine that it is safe to resume international missions?
Ernest: Our Medical Advisory Council is currently working on this. However, we certainly operate within the global framework and will continue to observe global and national advisory, especially those based on scientific evidence as well as from recognised global health organisations.
Stuart: This will require a loosening of travel restrictions on both ends of the trip, i.e., the departure and arrival ends. While it’s not certain at this time what, if any, COVID-related documentation might be required in addition to normal travel documents, we are assuming that some form of testing or vaccine will need to be in place before we can ramp up international missions again.
Janine: Are the centres being used for the COVID-19 patients as an outreach to support area hospitals?
Ernest: Not at the moment due to the respective national governments’ stay-at-home mandates. However, as mentioned during the live event, our teams are using digital platforms to continue to provide consultations to patients where possible like in Nicaragua. Our plan is to further develop and expand this capability within our programme delivery.
Diana: Will Operation Smile be COVID testing (patients) before surgeries?
Ernest: We will continue to strengthen the capacity of our partner hospitals to include COVID-19 along with other pre-surgery testing that are part of our regiment. This will include providing testing equipment and supplies and training lab technicians on additional infectious disease diagnostics. We will also include this process for our volunteer team composition to ensure total safety for all including volunteers and patients.
Stuart: The current thinking is that we mostly likely will. Our standards of care are currently under review to take into account the implications of COVID-19 on our delivery of care.
Janine: Will there be more opportunities to participate in brainstorming ways to help others or the sharing of information?
Laura: Yes! “COVID-19 Conversation” will be an ongoing series, so please continue to tune in and keep asking great questions. We are passing all of the great ideas discussed in this forum throughout the organisation, so keep them coming! You can also visit https://operationsmile.ie/get-involved/fundraise/ to check out more great ways to support our work.
Lynn: Is there anything we could do as nurse or doctor volunteers in our homes, in addition to donating money right now?
John: While monetary donations are critically needed and will provide us with the ability and agility to respond to COVID-19 and ensure that we can resume providing surgeries when it’s safe to do so, there are many ways you can support your communities during the pandemic. You could consider donating cash or food to your local food bank, as this is an area of massive need that’s been amplified by shutdowns. You could also start by researching community-level response initiatives and find the best fit for you! The need out there is great, but with the kindness and support of people like you, Lynn, we will get through this together!
FA: Where can I volunteer in regards to Operation Smile?
John: Thank you, FA. We appreciate your willingness to support Operation Smile’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. To explore ways to become involved, please visit https://operationsmile.ie/get-involved/fundraise/ to learn more about the many ways that you can make an impact!
After a Rigorous Journey, This Venezuelan Family Finds Solace in Brazil
The Road to Ramata’s Smile
Operation Smile Ireland
31 Pembroke Road
D04 V8N9
info@operationsmile.ie
Charity Regulatory Authority No. 20054588
Revenue Number: CHY 15661
©2020 Operation Smile Ireland | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line634 |
__label__wiki | 0.694623 | 0.694623 | Interview of W. Don MacGillivray
California assembly member from 1969 to 1974. Worked in various government positions for President Ronald Reagan from 1980 to 1988.
W. Don and Mary E. MacGillivray
California State Archives State Government Oral History Program
Vasquez, Carlos
MacGillivray, W. Don
MacGillivray, MacGillivray's husband Mr. W. Don MacGillivray, and Vasquez.
MacGillivray's home in Santa Barbara, California.
The interview was conducted by Carlos Vasquez, Director, UCLA State Government Interview Series, UCLA Oral History Program; B.A., Political Science, UCLA; M.A., Political Science, Stanford University; Ph.D. candidate, History, UCLA. There exist no private papers which the interviewer was able to consult for this interview. Although the interviewer did have access to well-organized scrapbooks covering the period Mr. MacGillivray served in the state legislature.
Vasquez checked the verbatim manuscript of the interview against the original tape recordings, edited for punctuation, paragraphing, and spellings, and verified proper names. Insertions by the editor are bracketed. The interviewer also prepared the introductory materials. Mr. and Mrs. MacGillivray reviewed the edited transcript and returned the transcript with only minor corrections.
Interviews in this series were undertaken by the UCLA Oral History Program under the auspices of the California State Archives and in conjunction with the California State University, Fullerton, Oral History Program; California State University, Sacramento, Center for California Studies Oral History Program; Claremont Graduate School Oral History Program; and the University of California, Berkeley, Regional Oral History Office. Funds were allocated to the state archives after Governor George Deukmejian signed into law Assembly Bill 2104 (Chapter 965 of the Statutes of 1985), establishing a state government oral history program "to provide through the use of oral history a continuing documentation of state policy development as reflected in California's legislative and executive history." All interviews in the series are available at the California State Archives in Sacramento.
W. Don MacGillivray's background, education, and business as a building contractor; serves on Santa Barbara City Council and as mayor; elected to represent the Twenty-sixth Assembly District in 1968; issues and specific legislation while serving in the California State Assembly. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line636 |
__label__wiki | 0.642117 | 0.642117 | "Personal View of the German Churches Under the Revolution"
US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Carl and Robert Gamer papers
View this Pamphlet
tags: Americans abroad Christianity religious life
American Protestant Minister Henry Smith Leiper was an outspoken opponent of Nazism, Nazi Germany's foreign policy, and the Nazis' treatment of religion—a sphere of German life he feared was becoming too politicized.1 He took part in the unsuccessful efforts to convince the US Olympic Committee to boycott the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. From 1930 to 1945, he served as secretary for the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America (FCC).2
This pamphlet, written by Leiper in 1933, was issued by the American Section of the Universal Christian Council for Life and Work.3 It recounts Leiper's personal experiences traveling in Germany and several other European countries in 1932 and 1933.4 Leiper describes the political situation in Germany and relates the activities of Church circles in the wake of Hitler's seizure of power in January 1933. The minister met with many leaders, including "prime ministers….ministers of education, college and university presidents, pastors, bishops, social workers, newspaper editors and correspondents, diplomats, writers, military men, business men and students."
Reflecting on his visit in this document, Leiper carefully explains his views: "Assessing praise or blame is not at the moment our concern. We want to understand what is going on and why it is going on. Then we may hope to gain clearer views as to what is right and what is wrong with the new Germany." The minister also describes a meeting with the new pro-Nazi national Protestant bishop, Ludwig Müller, whom he found to be "much less of a military type and more of a pastor" than he had assumed. In considering the religious landscape in Germany and the church struggle, Leiper addresses rumors that American audiences may have heard regarding Jewish persecution, everyday violence, censorship of the press, increased state control of the churches, and the potential for a communist revolution in Germany.
Like many Americans in the early 1930s, Leiper appears reluctant to draw broad conclusions about Nazism's impact in Germany. His observations reflect a broader lack of clarity over the future of Europe during the rise of Nazism, a reminder that historical actors could not foresee—or even imagine—how events would unfold over the next twelve years.5 Still, Leiper's pamphlet demonstrates Americans' desire to learn about developments in Germany, both within Church institutions and the society at large. What might have sparked this interest?
Henry Smith Leiper (1891–1975) was an American Protestant minister and missionary who worked for much of his career in ecumenical organizations, such as the Federal Council of Churches (FCC) and the World Council of Churches. He attended Amherst College, Columbia University, and Union Theological Society (where he studied under Harry Emerson Fosdick, the author of "The Ethical Problems of Neutrality: A Columbus Day Sermon of Rediscovering America," also featured in this collection). For more on Leiper, see William J. Schmidt and Edward Oulette, What Kind of A Man: The Life of Henry Smith Leiper (New York: Friendship Press, 1986). See also the online finding aid for the Henry Smith Leiper Papers, 1921–1949, at Union Theological Seminary Archives.
Many Christian ecumenical organizations merged to form another organization, the National Council of Churches (NCC), in 1950. For more on the activities of the FCC, see the related items "American Churches to Hitler" and Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam at Buchenwald.
The Life and Work Movement began with the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work held in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1925. It was an ecumenical movement that wrestled with the relationship between the Church, state, and society. Several meetings and research activities culminated in the Oxford Conference on Church, Community, and State in 1937. It merged with the World Council of Churches upon its creation in 1937.
These trips included visits to England, France, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria.
Leiper later became critical of the Nazi regime. In May of 1943, he spoke at the opening ceremony of The Nature of the Enemy exhibit in Rockefeller Center, New York City. A photograph of this exhibit depicting a tableau entitled "Desecration of Religion" is also featured in this collection.
All 13 Items in the American Christians, Nazi Germany, and the Holocaust Collection
"The Ethical Problems of Neutrality: A Columbus Day Sermon of Rediscovering America"
tags: activism Christianity religious life
type: Religious Text
Letter from J. L. Published in The Golden Age
tags: letters & correspondence religious life
Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam at Buchenwald
tags: Americans abroad US armed forces
Interview with Bishop Henry Knox Sherrill
tags: activism friendship religious life
"Anti-Jewish Movement Opposed"
tags: Christianity group violence Kristallnacht
Broadcast from Catholic University of America after Kristallnacht
type: Radio Broadcast
"Desecration of Religion"
tags: Christianity politics of fear propaganda religious life
"Report on the Work of the Refugee Committee"
tags: activism relief & rescue religious life
Letter from Reverend Hugh M. Newlands to His "Jewish Friends and Neighbors"
tags: Christianity community Jews in North America religious life
"American Churches to Hitler"
tags: activism Christianity letters & correspondence religious life
Ebba Anderson to Pastor M. E. N. Lindsay
tags: activism Christianity community letters & correspondence
Louise Kleuser to J. L. McEhlany
tags: activism propaganda
Page(s) 1-11
Henry Smith Leiper
Document Type Pamphlet | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line640 |
__label__cc | 0.591394 | 0.408606 | Home » Uncategorized » What are the possible ramifications for Bengali E & P and Planet Power Inc.
What are the possible ramifications for Bengali E & P and Planet Power Inc.
Your abilities in international management have been recognized, and your consulting assistance has been requested. The company Quasimoto Enterprises has been approached by a reputed Chinese firm that wants exclusive production and selling rights for one of its new high-tech products. The company has been looking for a strategic partner for the production of this product to reduce costs. Hence, Quasimoto Enterprises is very interested in exploring the possibility of developing relationships with this Chinese firm. This deal is very critical to growth of Quasimoto in the international market. Both parties are anxious and preparing for their first meeting in a month’s time to move this deal forward. This is the first time Quasimoto is doing business with China, and this is also the case with the Chinese firm.
The bold question below is my part of the project That i need you to complete. It has to be 5 double space written pages plus reference page Disregard the other two question and, its not my responsibility. I just added it to the email for you to have a full understanding of the what assignment is.
What does Quasimoto Enterprises need to know about Chinese bargaining behaviors to strike the best possible deal with this company? What should the Chinese firm know about American bargaining behaviors to strike the best possible deal with your company?
In your small group, develop a strategic plan for the negotiation and conflict resolution for Quasimoto’s executive team for its first meeting with the Chinese. Also, develop a negotiation and conflict resolution plan for the Chinese firm for its first meeting with the Americans. Please note that because this is an important business deal for both companies, both of your plans should include the bargaining behaviors of both countries. Are there any similarities between their bargaining behaviors? Can they have a win-win deal?
APA format is mandatory (in text and in the reference section).
There are two main types of databases accessible in the library, through “FIND ARTICLES & BOOKS.” Keep in mind that the most popular databases are: ABI Inform Global, Academic Search Premier, and Business Source Premier. As a student, you must steer away from inferior Web sites with anonymous writers, articles found on consultant Web sites, materials on sites like QuickMBA.com, MarketingProfs.com, etc. Dictionaries and Encyclopedias most often repeat the information from your text. Acceptable Internet resources include among others government sites (especially for statistics). You are not permitted to use any open-source Web site in this course.
Present your findings as a 5 -7 pages Word document formatted in APA style.
Submitting your assignment in APA format means, at a minimum, you will need the following:
TITLE PAGE. Remember the Running head: AND TITLE IN ALL CAPITALS
ABSTRACT. A summary of your paper…not an introduction. Begin writing in third person voice.
BODY. The body of your paper begins on the page following the title page and abstract page and must be double-spaced (be careful not to triple- or quadruple-space between paragraphs). The type face should be 12-pt. Times Roman or 12-pt. Courier in regular black type. Do not use color, bold type, or italics except as required for APA level headings and references. The deliverable length of the body of your paper for this assignment is 5 – 7 pages. In-body academic citations to support your decisions and analysis are required. A variety of academic sources is encouraged.
REFERENCE PAGE. References that align with your in-body academic sources are listed on the final page of your paper. The references must be in APA format using appropriate spacing, hang indention, italics, and upper and lower case usage as appropriate for the type of resource used. Remember, the Reference Page is not a bibliography but a further listing of the abbreviated in-body citations used in the paper. Every referenced item must have a corresponding in-body citation.
Learning Material for course and chapter
Question 1: What does it take to be an expatriate manager in a multinational corporation (MNC)?
It is important for the expatriate manager to have a clear perception that he or she is actually going to live and work in a country that has a completely different culture and a completely different language. This situation may also include new risks and strains that a different way of living can naturally bring. Many people do not like change because so much of it is unknown, and the unknown feels dangerous. This uncertainty avoidance coined by Hofstede is relevant to certain cultures but is also a trait that is present at the individual level (Hofstede, 2001). A mindset that addresses the new experience positively will make the assignment more enjoyable for the future expatriate manager and any who accompany him or her.
It is critical to accept others’ culture and to accept the mental agreement that one’s own culture is not necessarily the best. An open mind believes that one culture deserves the same amount of respect as the next culture. It takes mental training to minimize feelings of ethnocentrism, that is, the feeling that other cultures are inferior or should have the same priorities or attributes of another. Ethnocentrism’s fallacy should be especially apparent in light of the rich history and civilization of many countries that extend hundreds or thousands of years beyond that of others. A U.S. citizen should also consider how the American way of life is viewed in the host country and the perceptions that host country nationals may have of the U.S. from sources such as movies or current events.
The following are some practical considerations and ideas for new expatriate managers with families or significant others:
Many couples are conducting successful careers and the spouses may not be willing to be uprooted unless there is a strong financial or intellectual incentive that compensates for the hardship.
· Some MNCs located in the same host country have developed exchange programs where they employ the spouses of their respective executives.
· The exposure to other cultures and ways of thinking and the intellectual development that comes with learning a second language can be a great advantage for children.
· A common agreement in families to face the challenges of the assignment together enhances the expatriate’s adjustment and performance.
Question 2: How can an expatriate manager prepare for a foreign assignment?
It is critical to learn the language and culture of the future country of assignment. Foreign assignments are usually made public 6 months ahead of the actual move. This may not be enough time to learn the new language fluently, but it is enough time to learn the basics including greetings, shopping, money, transportation, directions, and the proper pronunciation of the names of places to which the manager will need to go.
It may also be helpful for the new manager that is relocating to take some lessons in geography to learn more about the location, neighboring countries, population, resources, and gross national product (GNP) of the country of assignment. For basic data, a good place to start is the CIA country report. For more details, the local embassy will be happy to provide the relevant literature usually free of charge and in English.
Learning how the country’s people see themselves as a nation and in what they take pride, including cultural qualities, production, resources, and historical significance can also be beneficial. The expatriate manager should try not to judge the behavior or customs that are different from any in which he or she has been previously exposed. Being accepting of the people and culture of the host country is equally important. The manager is a guest in the country of assignment. Being adventurous with eating the food, viewing movies reflective of the culture, and asking questions to understand how people think and why will assist in making this transition more comfortable. The longer the preparation, the better the adjustment will be. If the new expatriate manager brings family or significant others with him or her, helping them adjust will also help the manager make his or her own adjustments and assignments easier.
Question 3: Should a mentor help prepare the new expatriate manager for the assignment?
The answer is definitely yes. The person the manager chooses to help him or her prepare should preferably be his or her predecessor in the job. The new manager is expected to have read all the reports coming from the future country of assignment, but this is never enough. Mentorship is the number one tool in knowledge transfer and, in particular, in the transfer of tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is not conveyed in writing, and there is much one can pick up from a predecessor that can never be read in a manual.
The expression tacit knowledge was invented by the Hungarian philosopher Michael Polanyi. Tacit knowledge is the opposite of explicit knowledge, the type of knowledge that appears in documents and reports (Smith, 2003).Tacit knowledge is what Polyani described as when, “We know more than we can tell and we can know nothing without relying upon those things which we may not be able to tell” (Lord & Ranft, 2000). It is the way a person acts and communicates to the other party through, for example, a specific look, a tone of voice, or a form of posture that cannot be translated in written language. Transmission of tacit knowledge is still very much practiced even in Western cultures.
A Delphi survey of 400 executives performed by Biren asked where corporate knowledge resides. The answer was that 42% of executives believed that knowledge is in employees’ brains, 26% in paper documentation, 12% in common electronic databases, and 20% in electronic documents (Biren, 2000). According to this survey, the best source of knowledge on the new expatriate manager’s future assignment is surely his or her predecessor in the job.
Question 4: How can the expatriate manager prevent making cultural mistakes when entering into business negotiations?
The key is for the new manager to learn about the culture of the people with whom he or she is going to do business. Hofstede’s study on cultural dimensions is a good start, especially taking into account the measures in different societies.
Power distance index (PDI) is the relative distance between those who hold the power to those who do not in a society. The rank is 40 for the U.S., 58 for Iran, 68 for France, 77 for India, 80 for China, and 93 for Russia. The higher the number, the higher position in the company or society the decision makers are likely to hold (Hofstede, 2001).
Uncertainty avoidance index (UAI) is the level of tolerance of the unknown or lack of structure a country can sustain. The lower the index is, the higher the level of tolerance. The United States has a rank of 46 for uncertainty avoidance while the world average is 64. Therefore, the United States has a high level of tolerance for new ideas, thoughts, and beliefs (Hofstede, 2001).
Masculinity index (MAS) describes gender differentiations in roles of the sexes in a society. In a highly masculine society, men are normally the main income providers and women stay home and raise the children. The American society has a MAS rank of 62 compared to a world average of 50 meaning it is more masculine than the world average (Hofstede, 2001).
Individualism (IND) versus collectivism is another measure used to compare cultures. In an individualist society, the person cares primarily about his or her self and those close to him or her as opposed to collectivistic societies in which the large family and even the tribe is a cause of concern. The American society has an IND rank of 91 as compared to the world average of 50. It is largely individualistic (Hofstede, 2001).
Long-term orientation (LTO) indicates the degree to which the country values long-term commitments and respect of tradition. Such a country will be slower to accept change. The U.S. has an LTO rank of 29 as compared to the world average of 45 (Hofstede, 2001).
How do these indices assist in an international negotiation? If individual countries were researched, for example, the United States and India (both English speaking countries), one would find some of the following data (Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, n.d.):
· Power distance is close to 80 in India as opposed to 40 in the United States. Decisions are committed at the highest echelon in India. It is near impossible to get a decision from a lower level as employees will not have permission to commit their company.
· Individualism is the highest in the world in the United States. In India, individualism is ranked close to the world average. The American executive would care more about the personal benefits that a successful transaction for the company will bring that individual; the Indian executive will care more about the company.
· The MAS index is more or less the same for both nations.
· The UAI index is more or less the same for both nations.
· The LTO is 60 for India and 29 for the United States. India has a great respect for tradition. America is a young nation and does not have a history of tradition. It embraces innovation.
These indices could impact negotiation for an American executive if he or she may want to inquire if his or her counterpart has the authority to negotiate. He or she should also display a measure of respect for Indian history and tradition not to offend the partner in business and ruin the transaction.
Question 5: How does knowledge of the other party’s culture affect negotiation?
Imagine that the new expatriate manager has business with a seasoned Indian negotiator. The negotiator imagines the manager as being an American— results-oriented and more interested in concluding than in bargaining. The negotiator expects the manager to be in a hurry to conclude as fast as possible.
It could also be that the negotiator knows that the manager is aware of his knowledge of U.S. culture. The negotiator could counteract the manager’s inherent tendency of speeding things up by deliberately trying to slow the negotiation. The negotiator may want to overcome what the manager considers a weakness by deliberately speeding up negotiations. The manager can possibly experience a cultural role reversal.
Game theory and the study of strategy can also assist the negotiator. Negotiation is in large part the strategy and tactics of accomplishing the ultimate goal of reaching the deal at the best possible price. The more the expatriate manager knows about the person with whom he or she sits at the table, the better.
Question 6: What should an expatriate manager keep in mind to not offend the person with whom he or she is in negotiation?
The world of business has adopted Western rules as far as how business people dress, show up on time to meetings, and meet.
The cultural dimensions of Hofstede are important to keep in mind to not offend anyone. In socializing, the host country will let the country members display behaviors typical to the culture and reflective of the country’s power distance. The host country executives will expect the Americans to be more familiar than the French, the Indians, and the Chinese for example. The higher the long-term orientation (LTO) index, the longer the decision-making process. Any show of frustration or impatience on the expatriate manager’s part will be to his or her own disadvantage.
Special rules may also apply to eating and drinking with the host county executives. If the manager’s counterpart is Indian, he or she may not eat beef or may be a vegetarian altogether. If the counterpart is Jewish and orthodox, he or she might expect a kosher meal. If the counterpart is Muslim, he or she will not drink alcohol in the presence of those who are not Muslim.
It is important for the expatriate manager to show appreciation and respect for the aspects of the culture that the host country shares with him or her whether it be the food or wine of that country, the history, or the sites. Disinterest or lack of appreciation will not assist in negotiation.
Remembering that the counterpart will most likely always appear impeccably groomed and dressed and have the same expectations of his or her partner is also important. Any sloppiness or informality of dress or appearance could be considered very offensive.
Question 7: Is counseling needed when situations include legal issues?
The answer is yes. Even if the expatriate manager has legal training from his or her home country, things are never exactly the same in the country of negotiation. The manager may have submitted the contracts he or she needed to sign for the home office counsel where his or her parent company is, but this is not enough. The expatriate manager must have legal counsel in the country of negotiation even if the country has an advanced legal system such as his or her own home country. There might be small but critical differences in law even in such areas as who witnesses and authenticates a legal signature.
In some countries, the protection of the laws is merely nominal, and local courts will always favor the expatriate manager’s opponents; therefore, it is best for him or her to partner with locals when on business in those countries.
Biren, D. (2000). Building a corporate focus on knowledge. Fontainbleau, France: INSEAD.
Geert Hofstede cultural dimensions. (n.d.). Retrieved July 31, 2006, from ITIM International Web site: http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95&culture2=47
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture Consequences (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Lord, M. D. & Ranft, A. L. (2000). Organizational learning about new international markets: Exploring the internal transfer of local market knowledge. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(4), 573–589.
Smith, M. K. (n.d.). Michael Polanyi and tacit knowledge. The encyclopedia of informal education. Retrieved July 31, 2006, from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/polanyi.htm
Importance of Ethical and Social Responsibilities in International Business
The English word ethics comes from the Greek word ethos, meaning character. Ethics is not so much obedience to rules as it is the concern for one’s personal or organizational character. Definitions of ethical behavior vary from generation to generation and from culture to culture, but in general, it includes the qualities of honesty, integrity, fairness, and loyalty. Some of the ethical influences come in the form of laws, rules, and regulations enforced by the government. Ethics are the norms that each country or culture defines and institutionalizes to prevent individuals from pursuing self-interest at the expense of others.
When it comes to international business, social responsibility and ethical operations are not simple tasks. Operating in countries whose laws, coupled with their cultural and social values, are different from those of the home country can be very challenging for the international manager. With the increasing expansion of American business around the world, it is necessary to establish responsible behavior that fits across borders and cultures. More and more of the world’s multinational corporations are establishing guidelines that provide some basis for evaluating their foreign operations. Another movement underway is to have organizations like the United Nations encode a charter of responsibility based on global ethics.
Potential Ethical Issues in International Business
Business customs and practices around the world are so different that it is difficult to make a valid generalization about them. The only safe generalizations are that any person working in another country must be sensitive to the local business environment and must be willing to adapt when necessary. One must also realize that no matter how long one resides in another country, the outsider is not a native; in many countries, that person may always be treated as an outsider.
More and more of the world’s international corporations are establishing guidelines that provide some basis for evaluating their foreign operations. Over 1,000 companies have joined Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), an alliance of companies based in Washington D.C. that work to develop, support, advocate, and disseminate socially responsible business strategies and practices.
Global Sullivan Principles
The main Global Sullivan Principles “are to support social, economic, and political justice” by the organizations in the countries where they conduct their business. This includes supporting human rights, encouraging equal opportunity for all employees at all levels of the organization, and providing dignity and equality for workers and others in the communities where they operate their business. Another objective is to provide equal opportunities to all employees to train and advance at all levels of the organization and to be considered for positions in management. The Global Sullivan Principles also promote greater understanding and tolerance among people, thereby improving the quality of life (The Global Sullivan Principles, n.d.).
Importance of Complying with the Laws of each Country
Multinational corporations operate in an increasingly complex global marketplace regulated by many laws impacting almost every facet of the business. The laws can vary from country to country. More and more courts and agencies are not just finding corporations responsible for improper or illegal business conduct; they are holding employees personally accountable for actions they took which may have contributed to the violation. A business can only be law abiding if all of its employees and representatives act with integrity and respect for the law.
The global Sullivan principles. (N.D.). Retrieved August 27, 2009, from The Sullivan Foundation Web Site: http://www.thesullivanfoundation.org/gsp/default.asp
Activity 1: Short Paragraph
Question 1: As an upper-level manager for a large produce distributor, Gorilla’s Choice Banana Co., you face many crucial issues when working with partners overseas. You are in the process of evaluating a new team in Guyana. What are some of the criteria you would use in evaluating the effectiveness of this group? Please respond with a paragraph answer.
The model answer to question 1 is that several criteria can be used in evaluating how effective a team has been. For example, you may want to discern whether or not the members are working cooperatively and collaboratively. The purpose should be well defined as well as a common procedure for communicating. A common language should be agreed upon and used in all processes, and members should be sensitive to the impact of their culture on their behavior. When standards such as these are observed and evaluated, the manager can develop a clear concept of the team’s level of efficacy
Activity 2: Fill in the Blank
The manager from the Guyana subsidiary has recently relocated to your location. As part of this new arrangement, he has asked you to explain how to expand his understanding of his new functions and responsibilities. “Everything I know about the United States is general,” he complains, “so how can I approach a negotiation with such a limited knowledge?”
Fill in the blank with one of these three words: Solutions, Prepare, and Knowledge.
You respond:
As a manager, I always ensure that I do three things:
Question 2. First, I gain specific blank of the parties in the upcoming meeting.
The answer to question 2 is I gain specific knowledge of the parties in the upcoming meeting.
Question 3. I blank accordingly to adjust to and control the situation.
The answer to question 3 is I prepare accordingly to adjust to and control the situation.
Question 4. I am innovative in my ideas and blank.
The correct answer for Question 4 is I am innovative in my ideas and solutions.
Activity 3: Yes or no answer.
The manager from the Guyana subsidiary has recently relocated to your location. As part of this new arrangement, he has asked you to explain how to expand his understanding of his new functions and responsibilities. “Everything I know about the United States is general,” he complains, “so how can I approach a negotiation with such a limited knowledge? I know that consulting my own code of ethics is one resource, but my understanding is that there are many other sources to which I should go first. What are they?”
Question 5: Which should be consulted first, the International Codes of Conduct for MNEs or the laws in both the host and home countries?
The correct answer to question 5 is first, the laws in both the host and home countries should be consulted, then the International Codes of Conduct for MNEs.
Question 6: Which should be consulted next in order, the company’s code of ethics documentation or a higher-level manager or executive?
The correct answer to question 6 is next, consult the company’s code of ethics documentation and then consult a higher-level manager or executive.
Deresky, H. (2006). International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
End of Activity
Scenario: You have been hired as a junior analyst at Planet Power Inc., a multinational corporation and energy industry leader. Your new boss wants to gauge your positions on a number of international business ethics practices and standards. He has given you a pamphlet of case studies documenting ethical issues that Planet Power Inc. has had to address in recent years. Read each case study and answer the questions that are provided.
Case Study 1: Planetary Photovoltaic
Based in Nogales, Mexico, Planetary Photovoltaic, one of our most lucrative subsidiaries, makes the solar energy panels that the firm sells to cities and municipalities looking to “go green” by reducing their nonrenewable energy consumption. The manufacturing plant where these products are produced and assembled has been cited numerous times in the last year for compliance failures. In particular, the company has been under fire after a series of discriminatory hiring practice allegations that claim management has conspired to limit the amount of female employees working in its assembly plant. Management has responded by providing statistics proving that they have met federally-established antidiscrimination requirements, although these minimums do fall below the standards set within Planet Power Inc.’s own corporate policy. In response to questions from headquarters, management in Nogales cited a local custom that maintains a separation of work duties between men and women as a reason for the disparity in their hiring numbers. Additionally, recent reports citing faulty and dangerous products manufactured in Nogales has the corporate office worried. Four instances of customer injury linked to improper wiring have already been documented, and corporate has instructed the legal department that personal injury lawsuits filed against Planetary Photovoltaic are likely.
Question 1: What ethical issues are evident in the situation in Nogales?
Model Answer: The disparity between the hiring of men and women at the Nogales plant should be of great ethical concern to Planet Power Inc. Discriminatory practices are not only illegal in many countries, they can do significant damage to a corporation’s image and reputation among consumers and business partners—the final consequence being reduced profits. Furthermore, discrimination lawsuits, whether unfounded or not, usually do harm to a company by bringing with them the negative publicity that commonly accompanies such cases.
Arguably, there is no greater negative impact to a company than faulty and dangerous products. What’s even worse, however, is any type of public disclosure that a company knew about its substandard or hazardous products and did nothing to correct the problem. Very simply, this type of problem should never even be allowed to become an issue involving ethics—defective products must be removed from the market and repairs or replacements be made available to customers through recalls. A quick and definitive response to this type of issue prevents a company’s ethical integrity from ever being called into question.
Question 2: Given Planet Power Inc.’s reputation as an industry leader and respected corporate citizen, what actions would you take to remedy the problems there?
Model Answer: While enforcing corporate policy over those of the host country’s legal requirements could result in reduced profits, ensuring against claims of discriminatory practices is of great ethical importance to any company. Steps should be taken to ensure corporate policy is implemented in the hiring practices at the Nogales plant. Furthermore, product recalls should be issued on all products suspected of defective wiring and be replaced.
Question 3: Holding the opinion that a host country would do better by adopting the ethical standards and practices of one’s home country is referred to as which of the following?
a) Ethical Imperialism
b) Ethical Relativism
The correct answer to Question 3 is: b) Ethical Imperialism
Case Study 2: Bengali E & P
Planet Power Inc. owns a subsidiary exploration and production operation that is drilling for natural gas reserves outside of Barisal, Bangladesh. Profits stemming from this subsidiary, Bengali E & P, have been extraordinary; however, local opposition to the drilling has recently caught the attention of international environmental watchdog groups. Claims have been made that the work of Bengali E & P has caused significant and ongoing damage to the local environment. Poorer air quality, soil erosion, and increased carcinogens in the water table are just a few of the allegations these groups contend are the direct result of the company’s drilling operations.
Concurrent with these environmental accusations are demands for increased wages for the local workforce. Living standards, particularly in this area of Bangladesh, are very poor. The general belief among workers is that while Bengali E & P does provide them the means to eke out a living, the minimal pay they receive for the often dangerous work is clear evidence of their exploitation. Given the record profits, this issue could become a significant public relations problem for Planet Power Inc. and jeopardize not only its relations with the Bangladeshi government but its other operations at work in the South Asia region.
Question 4: What are the possible ramifications for Bengali E & P and Planet Power Inc. if the issues brought forth by the international environmental watchdog groups are not addressed? What effects on business, if any, might result if these concerns are professionally handled?
Model Answer: Should Planet Power Inc. and Bengali E & P choose to not address the environmental issues at hand in Barisal, a number of unfavorable things could occur. The environmental watchdog groups could put pressure on the Bangladeshi government to void or rescind the contracts allowing Planet Power Inc. to continue its drilling operations through Bengali E & P. Strict national legislation could be passed, making it difficult for firms like Bengali E & P to realize such windfall profits through the revocation of tax breaks or simply increased taxation. Furthermore, international attention to the issue could certainly tarnish the corporation’s reputation, which would also have a negative impact on profitability should consumers and business partners choose to terminate relationships because of the issue.
On the other hand, properly and transparently addressing the issue would do much to bolster the corporation’s image as an honest, ethical, and environmentally conscious enterprise. What’s more, good conduct in the face of a potentially disastrous business situation would reveal to other nations the degree to which Planet Power Inc. values its international relationships and its ability to work with governments and agencies to solve problems for mutual benefit. However, undertaking any action to remedy the problems at hand would likely cost the corporation millions of dollars as well as prevent such high profits from being attained in the future.
Question 5: How would you deal with the problematic situations occurring in Bangladesh?
Model Answer: Studies should be conducted to confirm or disprove the claims of environmental damage being done through the gas drilling. If confirmed, steps should be taken immediately to remedy the situation—even if this results in a negative impact to the bottom line.
While the low wages paid to workers might be a substantial driver of the company’s profitability, a corporation must also look at employee job satisfaction and standard of living to accurately gauge its prospects for future success. An unhappy or underpaid workforce could cost the company much more than the advantage it receives from paying low wages: low employee productivity, theft, tardiness, and absenteeism all have negative impacts on a business. The question of whether or not to increase the salaries of those working for Bengali E & P is a very serious one and should be thoroughly examined before a decision is made.
Question 6: Which of the following ethical policy perspectives assumes a high level of community/corporation interaction and cooperation, whereby the corporation proactively seeks to positively serve its surrounding community?
a) Corporate Social Responsibility
b) Corporate Compliance
c) Corporate Responsibility
The correct answer to Question 6 is: a) Corporate Social Responsibility
Case Study 3: Peninsula Oil
One of Planet Power Inc.’s largest international partners is Peninsula Oil, a large, family-operated petroleum refining company in Saudi Arabia. Operating control of Peninsula Oil has recently been passed from father to son, and reports from expatriated employees assigned to negotiate new contracts with Peninsula have not been positive. In particular, a senior member of Planet Power Inc.’s legal team reported being approached by a representative who offered him a large sum of money and assurances that Planet Power Inc. would receive favorable new contracts should it broker a side deal that would ensure that the cousins of Peninsula’s ownership be placed in lucrative management positions within Planet Power Inc.’s U.S.-based operations. The account of this action was denied as a simple misunderstanding when brought before Peninsula Oil’s governing officers, and since then, relations have been strained and contract negotiations have met with considerably more objections and delays than in any other past dealings.
Question 7: Should Planet Power Inc. consider the recent circumstances in Saudi Arabia as posing an ethical dilemma? Why or why not?
Model Answer: Yes, the situation in Saudi Arabia should be of concern to Planet Power Inc. As Peninsula Oil has been one of the corporation’s largest and most lucrative business partners, this relationship should be of utmost concern to Planetary management. The alleged bribes offered to Planet Power Inc.’s legal consul constitute a serious infraction; however, because bribery and institutional nepotism are common business practices in this part of the world, the firm must handle this situation with extreme care. Any suggestion of offense could destroy a relationship that has taken decades to cultivate. Still, in light of the accusations, Planet Power Inc. will also have to determine how it will make clear its own ethical position to Peninsula without jeopardizing this relationship further. Very simply, bribery and nepotism are not tolerated within Planet Power Inc. and the firm expects the same high standards of those with whom it does business. As this situation clearly exemplifies, there often runs a fine line dividing doing what is ethically right and doing what is financially prudent.
Question 8: Given Planet Power Inc.’s reputable, worldwide image and its longstanding relationship with Peninsula Oil, how would you handle this situation in Saudi Arabia?
Model Answer: While there is no definitively correct or incorrect answer, your decision must include consideration of what this relationship truly means to your firm. Ask yourself the following questions:
What harm might come should the company accept the deal and install the business partner’s cousins as employees?
What would abandoning this relationship mean to my company?
Do any substitute business options exist for the company should this relationship be terminated?
You must also consider the cost to your firm’s reputation and standing with other partners and consumers should any type of disclosure reveal your firm’s engagement or acceptance of unethical or illegal business practices.
Challenges in the Subsidiary
A home-country manager is sent by the home office to a subsidiary to manage the subsidiary. Home-country managers of foreign subsidiaries face several challenges. The foreign subsidiary business is usually conducted in a language different from that of the home office, and it is governed by laws of the host country. It operates in a cultural environment that is not the host-country cultural environment, and it is not the corporate cultural environment, but rather, a blend of both.
Language and Cultural Challenges
The first challenge a new manager faces is the language barrier. Not speaking the language of the host country might impair the manager’s capacity to do his or her job effectively. Using a translator always reduces the efficiency of communication because of the “lost in translation” phenomenon. Conversely, speaking the language of the host country opens barriers and is a demonstration of respect for the host-country culture.
Another important challenge is the cultural one. Home-country managers should be trained in cross-cultural management for the culture of the country of assignment (Black & Gregersen, 1998). Open-mindedness and knowledge of other cultures, particularly of the host-country culture, is a must.
Dual Allegiance
When trying to implement the rules established by the home office in his or her subsidiary, the manager may face a strong resistance sometimes voiced as, “This is not how things are done here.” It will be the manager’s obligation to find out if indeed he or she is going against a local custom or if the staff is just testing him or her. In due time, both parties will get accustomed to each other, a common ground operational solution will be found, and a subsidiary subculture will be developed with a blend of local and “imported” corporate culture. Eventually, it will be the home-country branch manager who will become the advocate of the branch before head office while still keeping his or her mind on the goals of the home office. Home-country managers must always face the challenge of dual allegiance to both the home office and to the subsidiary.
There will be cases in which the home office will request the application of legal solutions with which it is familiar. When these solutions are not applicable in the country of the subsidiary, there will be need for local legal counsel. For example, in France, management cannot fire an employee without going before a special tribunal.
In the United States, it is absolutely prohibited to give gifts to officials. In other countries, this is not considered bribery but an efficient way to speed up business. The American executive must struggle between compliance with the home-office laws and rules and the local mentality always keeping within the laws and guidelines of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
International corporations will have international composed executives from several nationalities. This where corporate culture can become predominant among absence leading culture. As far virtual teams concerned (that is, group people in different countries communicating via Internet and working together on a project), research indicates fact members are familiar with each other not something that will impair work of team long as the assignment is short-term (Fiol & O’Connor, 2005).
International executives will be required to display the same critical thinking skills they are expected to use when operating in their home-office environment in addition to the extra dimension of good operability in the foreign culture in which they are performing.
Negotiation and Conflict Resolution
Negotiation and conflict resolution in an international environment will require the executive to examine the power distance of the country with which he or she is doing business as opposed to his or her own country. The greater the difference in the power of distance indices between the two countries, the closer to the top of the hierarchy the decision makers will be (Hofstede, 2001).
Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1998). So you’re going overseas. San Diego, CA: Global Business Publishers.
Fiol, C. M., & O’Connor, E. J. (2005). Identification in face-to-face, hybrid and pure virtual teams: Untangling the contradictions. Organization Science, 16(1), 19–32.
Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Conflict and Culture
Human behavior is greatly influenced by underlying beliefs, values, and assumptions. These beliefs, values, and assumptions are, to a great extent, a by-product of culture. Ting-Toomey and Chung (2005) define culture “…as a learned meaning system that consists of patterns of traditions, beliefs, values, norms, meanings, and symbols that are passed on from one generation to the next and are shared to varying degrees by interacting members of a community” (p. 28). Most of the time, people are not conscious of how culture influences their values, beliefs, assumptions, and behaviors because culture is so all-encompassing.
Acculturation, Assimilation, and Ethnocentrism
An important distinction that impacts conflict must be made between acculturation and assimilation. Acculturation occurs when the attitudes and behaviors of people from one culture are modified as a result of contact with a different culture, and it is often used to imply a mutual sharing wherein elements of both cultures mingle and merge. This tends to be a more equitable exchange in contrast to assimilation whereby one culture, often a minority group, is absorbed into the dominant cultural body.
Both acculturation and assimilation can produce ethnocentrism, which is the view that one’s own group is the center of everything by which all others are comparatively rated, often in an inferior way. This can create a sense of superiority, as well as a sense that one’s own assumptions are universal. As might be imagined, these assumptions can greatly affect how conflict plays out if parties in conflict come from different cultures. If assimilation is encouraged in a workplace setting, the dominant culture may be more likely to feel superior and increase the likelihood of conflict; however, even when cultural diversity is encouraged, ethnocentrism will occur. The parties may not understand that they are acting from different assumptions and, therefore, jump to conclusions about why the other party is behaving in a way they believe is inferior.
Communication Style Differences
Through empirical research, different cultures have been found to have different communication styles, which have been labeled high-context and low-context (Hall, 1976). It is important, however, to remember that these style differences are generalizations and there will always be individuals within a culture that do not fit these generalizations.
· High-context cultures favor an indirect verbal style; prefer ambiguous, cautious, and nonconfrontational ways of working through communication issues; rely on nonverbal behaviors and subtleties; and are very listener-oriented. High-context cultures tend to place a higher value on harmony, tactfulness, and saving face. Someone from a high-context culture will likely ease into a conversation and will wait to be invited to speak or request permission. Individuals will first connect on a relational level and only after that has occurred, introduce substantive issues. High-context cultures include much of the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and South America.
· Low-context cultures prefer communication that is direct and frank. An open confrontation of issues is ideal and a speaker-orientation is valued. Directness and self-assertion are preferred in low-context cultures; therefore, an individual will likely verbally assert him- or herself into a conversation and will promptly acknowledge content issues. This group includes the United States, Canada, and much of Western Europe.
In the United States and other countries with histories of mass immigrations, cultural values and beliefs that have been passed down may remain intact for many generations. This may take a conflict manager by surprise when two “native born” workers begin to demonstrate vastly different cultural communication styles. High-context versus low-context cultures can also differ among genders as in the United States where women are socialized to communicate more in a high-context style and men in a low-context style.
One communication style is not better or worse than another, but they are different; however, parties in conflict, due to ethnocentrism, may judge the other party’s style to be inferior and even offensive. Parties with these different communication styles may also have problems communicating with each other, therefore, making interventions such as mediation more challenging.
The Role of the Conflict Manager
LeBaron (2003a; 2003b) believes cultural fluency must be a core competency for conflict managers. A culturally fluent conflict manager will be able to recognize communication style differences and help coach parties to a more similar communication style or utilize skills in reframing, reflecting, paraphrasing, and summarizing to translate what is being communicated for each party. When a conflict manager sees ethnocentrism, he or she can ask one party questions about how the other party may see the situation and/or gently make different attributions for behavior. This gentle prodding may help one or both parties see that the different assumptions and beliefs of the parties are playing a role in the behaviors that are manifesting and creating conflict.
Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
LeBaron, B. (2003a). Communication tools for understanding cultural differences. Retrieved March 27, 2008, from Beyond Intractability Web site: http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/communication_tools/
LeBaron, B. (2003b). Culture and conflict. Retrieved March 27, 2008, from Beyond Intractability Web site: http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/culture_conflict/
Ting-Toomey, S., & Chung, L. (2005). Understanding intercultural communication. Los Angeles: Roxbury. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line641 |
__label__wiki | 0.69057 | 0.69057 | Celebrating Ten Years of Big Other
Wednesday Feb 05, 2020
POWERHOUSE @ the Archway
28 Adams Street (Corner of Adams & Water Street @ the Archway)
Brooklyn , NY 11201
RSVP encouraged & appreciated.
Please fill out the form at the bottom of this page if you plan on attending. Facebook event found here.
PLEASE NOTE: Submitting an RSVP for this event DOES NOT guarantee entrance. This is a free-access event — entrance will be on a first-come, first-served basis.
About the Event.
BIG OTHER is an online arts and culture magazine, published since 2009. It features fiction, poetry, art, hybrid works, reviews, essays, interviews, a podcast, and more.
Big Other has published writing by Pulitzer Prize winners Rae Armantrout and Forrest Gander, National Book Award winner Daniel Borzutzky, Grand Master of Science Fiction and Fantasy Samuel R. Delany; and a host of other stellar writers, including Arthur Sze, Charles Bernstein, Cole Swensen, John Yau, Victoria Redel, Osama Alomar, Curtis White, and more.
Celebrate ten years with a reading from a variety of the notable writers that have made Big Other‘s first ten years so notable.
Readers include:
Kim Chinquee
Laura Cronk
William Lessard
Brendan Lorber
Albert Mobilio
Rone Shavers
Terese Svoboda
Tony Trigilio
Micah Zevin
About The Readers.
Kim Chinquee is a regular contributor to NOON, Denver Quarterly, and Conjunctions, and has also published work in Ploughshares, The Nation, Story Quarterly, Fiction, Mississippi Review, and over a hundred other journals. She is the author of the collections Oh Baby, Pretty, Veer, Shot Girls, and Wetsuit. She is Chief Editor of Elm Leaves Journal and Senior Editor of New World Writing. She co-directs the writing major at SUNY-Buffalo State, and lives in Glenwood, NY.
Laura Cronk directs programs for writers and teaches at the New School. She is the author of Having Been an Accomplice; and her next book of poems, Never Over, is forthcoming in fall 2020.
William Lessard has writing that has appeared or is forthcoming in McSweeney’s, American Poetry Review, Best American Experimental Writing, Plume, and Hyperallergic. His visual work has been featured at MoMA PS1.
Brendan Lorber is the author of If This Is Paradise Why Are We Still Driving? and several chapbooks, most recently Unfixed Elegy and Other Poems. His work appears in in the American Poetry Review, Fence, McSweeney’s, and elsewhere. Since 1995, he has published and edited Lungfull! Magazine, an annual anthology of contemporary literature. He lives atop the tallest hill in Brooklyn, New York, in a little castle across the street from a five-hundred-acre necropolis.
Albert Mobilio is the author of many books, including Bendable Siege, The Geographics, Me with Animal Towering, Touch Wood, and Games & Stunts. His work also appears in Bomb, Salon, and Harper’s Magazine. Co-editor of Hyperallergic Weekend, he teaches at Eugene Lang College.
Rone Shavers‘s fiction has appeared in Another Chicago Magazine, Longform, PANK, The Operating System, and elsewhere. His non-fiction essays and essay-length reviews have appeared in such diverse publications as American Book Review, Bomb, Electronic Book Review, Fiction Writers Review, and elsewhere. Shavers is also fiction and hybrid-genre editor at Obsidian: Literature and Arts in the African Diaspora. His experimental Afrofuturist novel, titled Silverfish, is forthcoming from Clash Books in 2020.
Terese Svoboda is the author of All Aberration, Laughing Africa, Mere Mortals, Treason, Weapons Grade, Black Glasses Like Clark Kent, Cannibal, A Drink Called Paradise, Trailer Girl and Other Stories, Tin God, Pirate Talk or Mermalade, Bohemian Girl, Dogs Are Not Cats, When the Next Big War Blows Down the Valley: Selected and New Poems, Professor Harriman’s Steam Air-Ship, Anything That Burns You: A Portrait of Lola Ridge, Radical Poet, Great American Desert. She lives in in New York City.
Edwin Torres is the author of nine books of poetry, including XoeteoX: the collected word object, Ameriscopia, Yes Thing No Thing, and The PoPedology of an Ambient Language; and editor of The Body In Language: An Anthology. He has performed worldwide and taught his process-oriented workshop, “Brainlingo: Writing the Voice of the Body,” across the nation. Anthologies include: The ModPo Book Reader, What Is Poetry? (Just Kidding, I Know You Know): Interviews from the Poetry Project Newsletter (1983–2009), American Poets in the 21st Century: The Poetics of Social Engagement, Angels of the Americlypse: New Latin@ Writing, Postmodern American Poetry, Vol. 2, and Aloud: Voices from the Nuyorican Poets Café.
Tony Trigilio‘s collections of poetry include Inside the Walls of My Own House, the second installment of his multi-volume poem, The Complete Dark Shadows (of My Childhood); The Complete Dark Shadows (of My Childhood), Book 1); White Noise; Historic Diary; and The Lama’s English Lessons, as well as many chapbooks. Trigilio is also the author of Allen Ginsberg’s Buddhist Poetics and “Strange Prophecies Anew”: Rereading Apocalypse in Blake, H.D., and Ginsberg. Trigilio is editor of Elise Cowen: Poems and Fragments and co-editor of Visions and Divisions: American Immigration Literature, 1870–1930. A musician as well as a poet and scholar, Trigilio has taught since 1999 at Columbia College Chicago, where he’s a Professor of Creative Writing/Poetry.
Micah Zevin‘s writing has appeared in Poetry and Politics, Reality Beach, the American Journal of Poetry, Five2OneMagazine, Maudlin House, Heavy Feather Review, and elsewhere. He curates the Risk of Discovery Reading Series at Blue Cups in Woodside, Queens, N.Y.
About The Host.
John Madera’s fiction has appeared in Conjunctions, Sonora Review, The &Now Awards 2: The Best Innovative Writing, 7, and many other journals. His nonfiction has appeared in American Book Review, Bookforum, The Review of Contemporary Fiction, Rain Taxi: Review of Books, The Believer, and many other venues. Recipient of an M.F.A. in Literary Arts from Brown University, John Madera lives in New York City, where he edits Big Other. runs Rhizomatic: Publicity for Small Presses with Big Ideas.
POWERHOUSE Arena
© 2021 POWERHOUSE Arena | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line643 |
__label__wiki | 0.648787 | 0.648787 | Droppe til innhold
Language : NB
JUSTROM2/
Web-innholdvisning Web-innholdvisning
JUSTROM2 was a continuation of JUSTROM, a Council of Europe and the European Commission joint programme aims to improve the access to justice of Roma women. The project ran from April 2018 to March 2019
JUSTROM2 is a joint programme of the Council of Europe and European Commission aiming to improve the access to justice of Roma women in Bulgaria, Greece, Italy and Romania.
The programme aims to empower Roma women to adequately address discrimination and other human rights violations committed against them, including early/forced marriage, trafficking, domestic violence, housing evictions, police abuse and hate crime by raising their awareness about discrimination, complaint mechanisms, the justice system and human rights institutions. The programme seeks Roma women empowerment inter alia through awareness-raising gatherings and info days, where active citizenship is promoted, and legal advice.
It also aims at strengthening links, exchanges and partnerships with and among actors at different levels, such as local, national, regional and European level. The actors involved include local and central government institutions, lawyers, judges, prosecutors, national human rights institutions, equality bodies, bar associations, legal aid bureaus, National Roma Contact Points (NRCP), CAHROM members, police, mediators and Roma NGOs. These will create an inclusive and enabling environment leading to accountability and sustainable change in Roma communities and the wider societies they live in.
In addition, it aims to enhance the capacity of the judiciary, law enforcement in the application of anti-discrimination standards with a focus on multiple discrimination, gender equality and Roma women. Finally, this programme will further increase the synergy and coherence between the institutional frameworks of the EU and Council of Europe, national Roma integration strategies and civil society initiatives.
The specific objectives are:
to support the empowerment of Roma women through increasing their awareness about discrimination, complaint mechanisms, the justice system and human rights institutions/equality bodies;
to increase the number of cases of discrimination against Roma women admitted by human rights institutions, equality bodies and courts;
enhance professional resources used at national level by the judiciary, law enforcement and NGOs/human rights advocates regarding the application of anti-discrimination standards with a focus on multiple discrimination, gender equality and Roma women;
increase synergies between the institutional frameworks of the European Union and Council of Europe, including through National Roma Contact Points and CAHROM, and with national and local authorities on national Roma integration strategies, and civil society regarding access to justice.
Project activities
4 national launch events took place between May and June 2018 with relevant stakeholders to present the project activities and objectives;
legal clinics were established through by associate partnerships in Plovdiv and Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria); Athens, Thessaloniki and Xanthi (Greece); Naples and Rome (Italy); and Bucharest and Calarasi County (Romania);
national teams were select with the following format: 1 national coordinator per country and 1 or 2 mediators/facilitators, 1 legal assistant and 1 lawyers per legal clinic;
awareness-raising gatherings with Roma women and other vulnerable groups were organised in the target localities. Each gathering was designed to inform beneficiaries on a particular topic and to discuss issues related to it, such as domestic violence, human trafficking, secon chance schools, etc.;
Info days with the municipalities were organised to provide a platform for exchanges among the Roma communities and municipalities;
legal information, advice and counsel was provided by the JUSTROM national teams in the local legal clinic to everyone who requested from the target communities;
3 training of trainers for police officers on non-discrimination, gender and Roma. The first one took place in Romania in June 2018; the second one, in Bulgaria in November 2018; and the third one took place in Greece in early 2019. The ToTs in Romania was an additional contribution to the programme by the CoE (CoE own budget);
a training of trainers for judges and prosecutors took place in Strasbourg, France, in September 2018;
monitoring missions to all the implementing countries took place between late October to early December 2018;
literacy classes for Roma women took place in Naples, Italy, and Thessaloniki, Greece;
4 seminars with lawyers per country to sensitise them on non-discrimination, gender equality and Roma issues;
Sessions on JUSTROM were held in universities;
a study visit from Equality bodies and National Human Rights institutions from the implementing countries took place in March 2019;
training of lawyers of the legal aid bureau in Bulgaria and Romania, lawyers of the bar associations in Greece, and lawyers of the bar councils in Italy took place in early 2019;
Workshops for the Ombudsoffice staff and the National Human Rights Institution in Romania took place in early 2019;
2 country exchanges on best practices in Greece and Romania;
printing of brochures with information on the project and services, and other visibility material;
info graphics with project indicators were produced at the end of the project;
an end-of-project external evaluation was undertaken in January-March 2019.
Ms Michèle BERGDOLL
Ms Sandra VELOY MATEU
Ms Aida-Diana FARKAS | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line647 |
__label__cc | 0.629096 | 0.370904 | ← DeviantART: Queens by Runshin
Important Information for Artists and Designers →
DeviantART: Playing Cards by Benjamin Arce
Nintendo Playing Cards by Benjamin Arce
Star Wars Playing Cards by Benjamin Arce
NINTENDO PLAYING CARDS
Playing cards based on characters form Nintendo’s games and designed by the American artist Benjamin Arce (benarce).
Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics company and one of the world’s largest video game companies. Originally it was founded as a card company in late 1889.
Donkey Kong and Diddy Kong
These characters are from the Donkey Kong series of arcade games developed by Nintendo. The first arcade game was created by Shigeru Miyamoto and released in 1981.
Fox and Falco
These characters are from the StarFox video game series developed and published by Nintendo. The first game was released in 1993. It was a forward-scrolling 3D Sci-Fi rail shooter.
Red and Charizard
These are characters from the Pokemon media franchise published and owned by Nintendo. It was created (a pair of interlinkable Game Boy role-playing video games) by Satoshi Tajiri in 1996.
Princess Peach and Daisy
These are fictional characters from the Mario franchise developed and owned by Nintendo. The first arcade game was originally created by game designer Shigeru Miyamoto and released in 1981.
Link and Zelda
These are from The Legend of Zelda action-adventure video game series owned by Nintendo. The first game was created by game designers Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka and released in 1986. The Legend Of Zelda games feature a mixture of action, puzzles, adventure/battle gameplay, exploration, and questing.
Zelda is quite popular theme for playing cards – read about another set of Zelda playing cards as well.
Posted by Collector on 16.07.2013 in DeviantART, Playing Card Art, Playing Cards and Cinema, Playing Cards and Games
Tags: art, cinema, Darth Vader, Donkey Kong, Nintendo, playing card collecting, playing cards, Pokemon, STAR WARS, Super Mario, The Legend of Zelda | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line651 |
__label__wiki | 0.860655 | 0.860655 | Cyprus Index
Cyprus Geography
Cyprus Society
Cyprus Climate
Cyprus Government
Cyprus National Security
Cyprus Glossary
Cyprus Political Dynamics
https://photius.com/countries/cyprus/government/cyprus_government_political_dynamics.html
<< Back to Cyprus Government
The politics of Cyprus have gradually evolved from the shadow of the dominant figure of Makarios, who embodied the struggle for independence from Britain and enosis with Greece. After independence was achieved without enosis, Makarios's own thinking changed, and Cypriot politics struggled with its internal ghost-- enosis. Makarios became persuaded that true national independence for Cyprus had advantages, and Greek political trends by the mid1960s convinced him that Cyprus had a destiny distinct from that of Greece. The Greek Cypriot population did not let go of the dream of enosis as quickly, and pro-enosis forces eventually turned on Makarios, leading to the 1974 coup (see Conflict Within the Greek Cypriot Community, 1967-74 , ch. 5).
While the drive for enosis subsided as a mobilizing force, the difficulties of creating a nation out of a bifurcated society took center stage. Makarios failed to draw the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities together, but, helped by his unusual position and special gifts, he created a consensus among Greek Cypriots. Although the authority of the Church of Cyprus diminished with the rise of new secular institutions, Makarios, as its head, Hellenism and, as elected president, had legitimate political authority. Coupled with these advantages were an extraordinary charisma and a mastery of diplomacy that his adversaries saw as deviousness and duplicity. By the time of the 1974 coup, however, it was clear that Makarios's total domination of Cypriot politics was coming to an end. From July to December 1974, Makarios was out of the country, and the government of the truncated republic was run competently by Glafkos Clerides. Makarios and Clerides then competed as heads of rival political groups, with the differences between them focused on the intercommunal process. Makarios reportedly welcomed this competition as a sign of growing Cypriot political maturity.
After Makarios's death in 1977, Kyprianou succeeded to the presidency, and Clerides continued as the principal opposition leader. The two men differed, among other things, over how to deal with the intercommunal talks.
Sharing the stage with Kyprianou were several other major figures, including Archbishop Chrysostomos, who had succeeded Makarios as head of the Church of Cyprus. Although the archbishop traveled the world meeting with overseas Greeks, Chrysostomos's personal political impact was judged by many to be far less significant than that of Makarios or that of the church as a whole.
Kyprianou was in many ways typical of the centrist, noncontroversial political figures who often follow charismatic leaders. He sought to preserve the Makarios legacy and pursue policies that would further Makarios's goals. But Kyprianou did policies that would further Makarios's goals. But Kyraianou did not have the tactical dexterity or diplomatic skill of Makarios, and he became associated with an approach to the settlement process that preserved the status quo, rather than displaying the openness and initiative that characterized Makarios at the end of his life. The Kyprianou presidency, by the late 1980s, was considered weak and passive, unable to break the stalemate in the settlement process and losing respect at home. At the same time, Kyprianou's less authoritative style did allow more competition in Greek Cypriot politics, permitting independents and other party leaders to contest presidential elections with greater prospects for success.
Data as of January 1991
NOTE: The information regarding Cyprus on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies and the CIA World Factbook. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Cyprus Political Dynamics information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Cyprus Political Dynamics should be addressed to the Library of Congress and the CIA. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line656 |
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__label__wiki | 0.777613 | 0.777613 | Black spider monkey
Family: Atelidae
Subfamily: Atelinae
Genus: Ateles
Species: A. paniscus
Other names: red-faced spider monkey or red-faced black spider monkey; kwatta (Dutch); atèle noir (French); macaco aranha, mono arena, or mono araña negro (Spanish); rödansiktad spindelapa (Swedish).
Including black spider monkeys, there are currently seven species of spider monkeys recognized: A. belzebuth, A. chamek, A. hybridus, A. marginatus, A. fusciceps, and A. geoffroyi (Groves 2001). All are found in Central or South America, and at one time, they were all classified as subspecies of A. paniscus (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). Some taxonomists recognize only four species of spider monkeys, including A. geoffroyi, A. hybridus, A. belzebuth, and A. paniscus, leaving A. fusciceps as a subspecies of A. geoffroyi and A. marginatus and A. chamek as subspecies of A. belzebuth (Collins & Dubach 2000). Recent genetic studies have distinguished black spider monkeys from the other species of spider monkeys based on the number of chromosomes and reproductive isolation from geographically nearby species (de Boer & de Bruijn 1990; Collins & Dubach 2000; Groves 2001).
Black spider monkeys have long, glossy black hair covering their entire bodies except for their faces. Their long hair immediately distinguishes them from other species of spider monkeys, but there are other defining characteristics (Newland 1994). Adults have red or pink-skinned faces which are bare except for a very few short white hairs on their muzzles (Konstant et al. 1985; Groves 2001). Infants do not have pinkish faces like adults but rather dark skin on their faces which lightens as they age (Rowe 1996). Spider monkeys are among the largest of the New World monkeys and are long-limbed and somewhat gangly in their appearance especially in contrast to their characteristic pot bellies; the spidery appearance of their long arms, legs, and tails is indicated by the common name (Groves 1989; Sussman 2000).
A. paniscus (Photo: Luiz Claudio Marigo)
Of all the species of spider monkeys, black spider monkeys are the largest (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). In general, spider monkeys are not characterized by a high degree of sexual dimorphism; the average weight for wild black spider monkey males is 10.8 kg (23.8 lb) while females weigh 9.66 kg (21.3 lb) on average (Youlatos 1994; Di Fiore & Campbell 2007). The height of male spider monkey averages 557 mm (1.83 ft) while females average 552 mm (1.81 ft) (Youlatos 1994).
The body structure and several other morphological characteristics of black spider monkeys are adaptations to their completely arboreal lifestyle. First, their elongated arms allow them to move in a specialized manner through the trees using a hand-over-hand motion. This type of locomotion, called brachiation, is also seen in the lesser apes (Schmitt et al. 2005). In addition to their elongated arms, black spider monkeys have especially hook-like hands with elongated fingers which allow them to swing over branches with ease. Unlike most other primates, spider monkeys lack an external thumb, but this is not because they are less evolved than other primates (Erikson 1963; Fleagle 1988). The abbreviated thumb is really a specialized adaptation; their ancestor had an opposable thumb, but over time, it has shrunk in size relative to other bones of the hand due to lack of use in their arboreal environment (Groves 1989; Tague 1997). Another morphological adaptation seen in black spider monkeys is the presence of a long, specialized tail. An adaptive trait seen only in some New World monkeys is the presence of a prehensile tail, which allows arboreal animals to move through the canopy with additional ease, security, and efficiency. Black spider monkeys have a ‘third hand’ to grasp branches while moving through the canopy, preventing side-to-side swinging motion that could lead to inefficiency and increased effort in locomotion (Schmitt et al. 2005). On the underside of the very tip of the tail there is a patch of skin with distinct pattern of lines like a fingerprint. This patch of skin, or friction pad, at the tip is functionally important because it helps the tail grip onto surfaces, much like fingers on a hand (Groves 1989; Newland 1994; Lemelin 1995). Additionally, the presence of a prehensile tail is important in suspensory feeding: the tail supports the entire weight of the monkey while both hands are free to forage (Mittermeier 1978). The prehensile tail seen in black spider monkeys is relatively longer than the nonprehensile tail of other primates and has more vertebrae which are smaller relative to overall tail length than non-specialized tails seen in other primates. This anatomical feature is significant because the presence of additional, but smaller vertebrae allows for increased flexibility and extension in the prehensile tail compared to nonprehensile tails (Schmitt et al. 2005). In addition to brachiation, black spider monkeys move through the environment through quadrupedal walking and running and through clambering movement which utilizes numerous supports in no particular order or pattern (Mittermeier 1978; Youlatos 2002).
The maximum recorded longevity for black spider monkeys is 33 years, but without long-term field research, it is difficult to draw conclusions from one measurement (Ross 1991).
Black spider monkeys are found in eastern South America in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, and possibly in Venezuela (Konstant et al. 1985; Rylands et al. 1995). In Brazil, they are isolated to Para State, in the northeastern part of the country, north of the Amazon River and east of the Rio Branco. Their range extends north into French Guiana, Surinam, and eastern Guyana but they are restricted to the forests east of the Guianan Highlands in these countries (Collins & Dubach 2000; Groves 2001). If they are present in Venezuela, it is at the very eastern tip of the country. While their presence has not been confirmed, it is possible because there are neither habitat nor geographic barriers precluding black spider monkeys from living in forests on the Venezuelan-Guyanan border (Konstant et al. 1985).
One of the first long-term field studies of black spider monkeys was conducted by Marc van Roosmalen at Raleighvallen-Voltzberg Nature Reserve in central Surinam, and research has continued in the reserve since this pioneering study. Wild black spider monkeys have been studied in French Guiana by Dionisios Youlatos and in Guyana by Shawn Lehman. Most of the ecological and social data in published literature comes from studies conducted in Surinam black spider monkeys.
Black spider monkeys are found in moist tropical evergreen forests and prefer undisturbed primary rainforests (Kinzey 1997). Throughout their range, black spider monkeys are found in high densities in high rainforest- areas which are not affected by seasonal flooding of rivers- and in high mountain savanna forest, as well as occasionally in swamp or marsh forests along creeks, and occasionally in high mountain savanna forest (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988; Kinzey & Norconk 1990; Trolle 2003). These high mountain savanna forests are found on the interior of Surinam and are present because of large, granite rock formations which limit the growth of emergent rainforest trees but which allow for smaller, savanna-like species to grow (Mittermeier & van Roosmalen 1981).
In Guyana, the tropical climate translates into high average daily temperatures, large amounts of annual rainfall, and distinct wet and dry seasons. The average daily temperature is 25.7°C (78.3°F), but the warmest months of the year are September and October while the coldest months are December and January (Lehman 2000). The mean annual rainfall is between 2000 and 3400 mm (6.56 and 11.2 ft) and is distributed across two wet seasons. The summer rainy season lasts from May to August and another wet season spans November to January. There are two dry seasons as well, the longer lasting from mid-August to November or December and the shorter lasting from February to April (Lehman 2000). Black spider monkeys in Guyana are found primarily in lowland evergreen rainforests in the interior forest region of the country and are not found in swamp forests or woodlands (Lehman 2004a; 2004b). In neighboring Surinam, black spider monkeys are almost entirely restricted to the interior forests of the country, which begin about 60 miles from the coast. The climate of Surinam’s tropical forests is comparable to those of Guyana. The mean annual temperature is 26.1°C (78.9°F) and the monthly average temperature only varies by about two degrees during the year. The warmest months are September and October while the coolest months are January and February (van Roosmalen 1985). The annual rainfall in Surinam is between 2000 and 2400 mm (6.569 and 7.87 ft) and is concentrated during certain times of the year. The long rainy season lasts from mid-April to mid-July, with peak rainfall occurring in May and is followed by a long dry season lasting from August until mid-November. From December to April, the rainfall varies greatly, but there is usually a short rainy season followed by a short dry season within this time period (van Roosmalen 1985).
Where black spider monkeys occur in French Guiana, the average annual temperature is 26.1°C (78.9°F) and annual rainfall varies from 3000 to 3250 mm (9.84 to 10.7 ft) (Youlatos 2002). Similar to other range countries, French Guiana experiences seasonal variation in rainfall with the dry season lasting from mid-August to mid-November and a long rainy season for the rest of the year. The rainy season is punctuated by a short dry season lasting briefly during February and March (Zhang 1995).
In one field study conducted north of Manaus, Brazil, black spider monkeys were found in terra firma rainforests with seasonal precipitation. In the Adolfo Ducke Forest Reserve, annual precipitation ranges between 2170 and 2900 mm (7.11 and 9.51 ft). Rainfall is concentrated during the wet season which lasts from December to May and which is followed by a dry season lasting from June to October or November (Rylands & Keuroghlian 1988).
A. paniscus (Photo: Sean Flannery)
Black spider monkeys are habitat specialists and are almost always seen in undisturbed, primary rainforest and do not utilize edge habitats (Mittermeier & van Roosmalen 1981; Lehman 2004b). Like other species of spider monkeys, black spider monkeys occupy the upper layers of the rainforest and forage in the high canopy (from 25 to 30 m [82.0 to 98.4 ft]) consuming primarily fruits, but also occasionally consuming leaves, flowers, and insects (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988; Russo et al. 2005). As large-bodied frugivores, black spider monkeys are important seed dispersers within the rainforest ecosystem and play a crucial role in regenerating tropical forests (van Roosmalen 1985; Russo et al. 2005). Compared to other sympatric species of primates, black spider monkeys exhibit low diet diversity because of their high levels of fruit consumption (Guillotin et al. 1994). Despite their dependence on fruit as the mainstay of their diet, black spider monkeys supplement their fruit consumption during periods of scarcity with other food items including flowers, leaves, roots, bulbs, bark and decaying wood, and honey (van Roosmalen 1985). The amount of fruit and supplemental foods such as flowers and leaves vary seasonally, as fruit production is linked to rainfall. During the long dry season, for example, fewer fruits are available, therefore fewer fruits are consumed and black spider monkeys rely more heavily on other food sources (Mittermeier & van Roosmalen 1981; van Roosmalen 1985). Fruit supply is lowest from the end of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season, from approximately June through September, and black spider monkeys exploit all available food resources, but still consume mainly fruit during this time (Guillotin et al. 1994; Simmen & Sabatier 1996). In contrast, during the months of February through June, ripe fruit is plentiful and black spider monkeys rely on this preferred resource over other food items, with more than 85% of their diet made up of ripe fruits (van Roosmalen 1985; Guillotin et al. 1994; Simmen & Sabatier 1996).
Because of their large body size, which has high caloric needs, and dependence on fruit, a geographically scattered resource found in small, widely dispersed patches, black spider monkeys require large home range sizes as well as long daily travel lengths (Collins & Dubach 2000). One study in Surinam estimated the home range size of one group to be 2.55 km² (.985 mi²), but this area was restricted by geographical boundaries that black spider monkeys are not likely to cross into such as granite formations and lowland forests (van Roosmalen 1985). Home range sizes in habitats where there are fewer restrictions might be larger. From the same study, the day range length was widely estimated between .5 and 5 km (.311 and 3.11 mi), depending on a number of factors such as season, weather, and group composition (van Roosmalen 1985). In French Guiana, home range size varies between 1.50 and 4.00 km² (.579 and 1.54 mi²) and daily distance traveled is between .5 and 5 km (.311 and 3.11 mi) (Simmen & Sabatier 1996). Their specialized prehensile tails may contribute to increased efficiency in travel, allowing them to cover larger distances using less energy. It also contributes to increased feeding efficiency after they have found a patch of fruit and are foraging (Youlatos 2002). The most common methods of locomotion seen in black spider monkeys are quadrupedal walking or running and suspensory locomotion, including brachiation (Mittermeier 1978). When they are feeding, black spider monkeys employ suspensory behavior using their specialized prehensile tails to access as much fruit as possible from one location. Black spider monkeys spend most of their time feeding in either a seated or hanging position, taking advantage of their tails to free both hands for collecting fruit and to help them reach fruit that is available both at the same vertical strata and on branches below them (Mittermeier 1978; Youlatos 2002).
The population density estimate for black spider monkeys in Suriname is 7.1 individuals per square kilometer (4.41 individuals per mi²); this is compared to a density of 8.57 individuals per square kilometer (5.33 individuals per mi²) in another study site in French Guiana (van Roosmalen 1985; Kessler 1998). Groups of spider monkeys protect a territory or core area, but in other species of spider monkeys, there is some amount of range overlap between groups (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988).
Compared to other New World primates, spider monkeys are large-bodied and are less susceptible to predation, but there are a number of potential predators within their range (Di Fiore 2002). Some potential predators include multiple species of raptors, felids such as jaguars and pumas, as well as large snakes (Di Fiore 2002). Generally speaking, the observation of predation events is rare and most evidence of predation is circumstantial. In one instance, though, a crested eagle (Morphnus guianensis) was seen capturing and killing a juvenile black spider monkey in French Guiana (Julliot 1994). While these events are unlikely to be witnessed, the presence of large predators combined with observational evidence leads to the conclusion that predators can threaten black spider monkeys (Di Fiore 2002).
The social organization of black spider monkeys is closely related to their ecological niche as large-bodied frugivores. In addition to ranging over large areas to find the amount of fruit necessary to meet their feeding requirements, black spider monkeys exhibit another behavior that helps them cope with seasonally restricted fruit. Like chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), spider monkeys exhibit a fission-fusion social system; there is a large community of individuals that regularly associate with one another but individuals within the larger community spend much of their time traveling in smaller, temporary sub-groups led by dominant adult females (Mittermeier & van Roosmalen 1981; van Roosmalen 1985). Spider monkeys break up into small foraging groups that travel together and feed throughout the day within a core area of the larger group’s home range (Simmen & Sabatier 1996). The subgroups or parties that are formed by individuals within the troop are temporary and can change in composition frequently throughout the day, but average three individuals, most commonly an adult male, and adult female, and her dependent offspring (van Roosmalen 1985; Norconk & Kinzey 1994). The composition of the subgroup can remain stable for up to a few weeks and then changes as group members shift to other subgroups or out of the larger social group (van Roosmalen 1985). The larger social group is usually between 15 and 20 animals and is defined as a group of animals that interact peacefully or amicably (van Roosmalen 1985). When two different troops of spider monkeys come together, the males in each troop display agonistic and territorial behavior such as calling and barking. These interactions happen with much distance between the two groups and do not involve physical contact, indicating that groups respect distinct territory boundaries (van Roosmalen 1985). Members of a community might not ever be observed together at the same place, but their mutual tolerance of each other when they come into contact indicates they are part of the larger troop (van Roosmalen 1985).
A. paniscus (Photo: Richard Day)
One of the reasons this fission-fusion social system evolved could be as a coping mechanism for seasonal shortages in fruit availability and as a response to competition between group members (Norconk & Kinzey 1994). When a large group feeds in a fruit tree, there is likely to be less food per group member than if a small group feeds in a tree. During the months when food scarcity is at its peak, average subgroup size is the smallest and during months of highest fruit availability, subgroup size is the largest, indicating that competition for scarce resources necessitates breaking into smaller feeding groups (van Roosmalen 1985; van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). One reason spider monkeys break into smaller feeding groups but still remain part of a larger social unit is the advantage to individual group members in terms of increased mating opportunities and protection from predators.
Dominance relationships between black spider monkeys have not been intensely studied and there are few published reports of these interactions. In one study, males and females have separate linear dominance hierarchies, but some females are dominant and act as leaders within their subgroups. These dominant females are followed by members of their foraging party throughout the day and can displace other spider monkeys, both male and female, from feeding sites (van Roosmalen 1985). Relationships between adult black spider monkeys are friendly, with few instances of aggression. Most aggressive interactions revolve around access to limited resources and are brief, not resulting in serious injury (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988).
While little data are available on dispersal patterns of young black spider monkeys, research on other members of the genus Ateles reveals that males remain in their natal groups while females transfer between groups in search of mating opportunities (A. chamek: McFarland Symington 1987; 1988; A. belzebuth: Nunes & Chapman 1997). In Suriname, van Roosmalen (1985) observed A. paniscus females breaking away from their subgroups and joining neighboring troops for time periods ranging from several hours to overnight, but did not conclude if these ventures led to female transfer.
The ovarian cycle in wild black spider monkeys lasts between 26 and 27 days, with the period of sexual receptivity lasting for eight to 10 days and the period between peaks of sexual receptivity lasting 15 to 17 days (van Roosmalen 1985). There is a peak period of births during the short wet season, from November to February, indicating that the estrus cycles of females within a group occur at the same time (van Roosmalen 1985). This pattern is also seen among captive A. geoffroyi (Hernández-López et al. 1998). Copulatory behavior among black spider monkeys first involves the female approaching a potential male and presenting her genitals. If he shows interest, the mating pair separate themselves from the group either briefly or up to several days (van Roosmalen 1985). If a female is ranging in a subgroup without males, she will react to the calls of males from neighboring groups by leading her group in the direction of the calls and will either choose to mate with one of the males of this new subgroup or will continue on, looking for other potential mates (van Roosmalen 1985).
A. paniscus (Photo: Irwin S. Bernstein)
Gestation lasts approximately 226 to 232 days (7.5 months) in captive black spider monkeys. After giving birth, female black spider monkeys experience lactational amenorrhea for about three years. They will begin to cycle again after the infant is weaned (van Roosmalen 1985). If a female successfully raises and weans an infant, there will be a four year gap between births. This interbirth interval is dependant on the infant’s survival; if a female loses an infant, she resumes cycling and will reproduce sooner than if she successfully raised the infant (van Roosmalen 1985). Among other species of spider monkeys (A. chamek), there is evidence that maternal rank affects the length of interbirth interval, with low-ranking females experiencing longer gaps between infants compared to high-ranking females. This pattern has not been reported in black spider monkeys (McFarland Symington 1987).
Spider monkey mothers are the primary caregivers for infants and in the wild, a young spider monkey will remain close to its mother until about four years of age (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). For the first six months, an infant will cling to the ventrum of the mother, nursing frequently and depending on her entirely for nourishment. The infant will begin to ride dorsally at about six months of age and will continue to do so until it reaches one year, or longer (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). During this time, the infant gradually becomes more independent, taking short jaunts away from its mother to locomote or play with other young spider monkeys in the group. It is during this time that an infant will also start eating solid foods, but still relies heavily on nursing (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). As they continue to grow, the independence in travel increases and juvenile spider monkeys, those older than 15 months, will depend on their mothers for transport only when fatigued or when crossing large gaps between trees. Spider monkey mothers exhibit a behavior called ‘bridge-gapping’ in which they form a bridge with their bodies between two trees and allow their juvenile offspring to climb across them between trees. The females use their prehensile tails, adept grasping feet, and hands to form a stable bridge for the young spider monkeys to cross and aid them in crossing distances that are too large for the young animals to navigate on their own (van Roosmalen 1985). As they grow, juvenile spider monkeys depend less on their mothers for food and are weaned around three years. The young animals will remain with their mothers until they are between four and five years old, even if their mother has given birth to a new infant (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988; Milton 1993).
The majority of published information about spider monkey communication is based on captive research on A. fusciceps while wild studies have focused on the communication of A. geoffroyi. Most of the research on A. paniscus communication comes from van Roosmalen’s (1985) work in Surinam. One of the most common black spider monkey calls is given by adult males and serves as the main communication between neighboring subgroups and larger social groups. These long-calls or ‘whoops’ can be heard at distances of 800 to 1000 m (.497 to .621 mi) on the forest floor, but when given above the canopy, the sound can travel distances up to 2000 m (1.24 mi) (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). Other common vocalizations heard include ‘whinnies,’ ‘sobs,’ and ‘tee-tee’ vocalizations during friendly interactions and while feeding. During times of social discomfort, ‘trills,’ ‘twitters,’ and ‘squeaks’ are heard and escalate into screams as a spider monkey becomes frightened or highly anxious (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). Another communicative gesture seen in black spider monkeys is a greeting ritual between members of the same social group. After a period of separation in different foraging subgroups, male and female black spider monkeys greet each other. The subordinate animal approaches the dominant monkey and embraces him or her and then they each take turns sniffing the chest and genital areas of the other (van Roosmalen & Klein 1988). During contact with unfamiliar animals or at the boundaries of the territory, males may exhibit agonistic displays that include head shaking, arm and chest scratching, piloerection, and branch shaking, all accompanied by defecation (van Roosmalen 1985).
CITES: Appendix II
IUCN Red List: A. paniscus: Vulnerable
Visit the Glossary to learn more about CITES and the IUCN Red List.
In the wild, black spider monkeys are widespread and abundant and are not currently threatened with extinction. However, despite their apparent abundance in the wild, there are several factors that could result in a negative change in status in the future including habitat destruction, over-hunting, and decreased rate of population growth.
While they are not currently pressured by habitat loss, black spider monkeys are habitat specialists that require undisturbed, primary forest. They are not successful at living in areas that have been previously logged or disturbed and actively avoid edge habitats (Mittermeier & van Roosmalen 1981). Furthermore, they need large tracts of undisturbed forests because of their large body size and frugivorous diet (Lehman 2004b). It is clear that lack of appropriate habitat can seriously threaten black spider monkeys, and efforts protecting large areas of forest from human disturbance and degradation should continue (Rylands & Keuroghlian 1988).
Because of their large body size, all species of spider monkeys are prized by hunters (Rylands & Keuroghlian 1988). While the rate of hunting is currently not threatening black spider monkeys in their range, the combination of habitat loss and growing human population seeking bushmeat could create a crisis for black spider monkeys as has been seen among other species such as A. hybridus, A. belzebuth, and A. marginatus (www.redlist.org). In areas where hunting occurs, the population density of black spider monkeys is lower compared to areas where hunting does not occur (de Thoisy et al. 2005). There is a direct link between hunting and population decrease in black spider monkeys and because of a number of intrinsic factors, they cannot sustain high levels of hunting (Rylands & Keuroghlian 1988). Full protection under the law is afforded to black spider monkeys in French Guiana and hunting restrictions have prevented population declines (de Thoisy et al. 2005).
Several factors contribute to slow reproductive rates and slow population growth of black spider monkeys. Black spider monkeys have long periods of gestation, reach reproductive maturity at an older age, a longer period of infant dependence, and increased interbirth intervals compared to other primates of similar size. This results in a slow intrinsic rate of population growth. While they are currently not threatened, these factors indicate that if a population were to be reduced significantly, it would take a long time for it to recover and the possibility exists that if reduced to small enough numbers, the population could not rebound (McFarland Symington 1988; Rylands & Keuroghlian 1988).
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IMAGES
Ateles paniscus
Photo: Irwin S. Bernstein
Photo: Luiz Claudio Marigo
Photo: R. Day
Photo: Sean Flannery
Cite this page as: Cawthon Lang, K. (2007). Primate Factsheet: Black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus). In: Primate Info Net, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison. Available from: <https://primate.wisc.edu/primate-info-net/pin-factsheets/black-spider-monkey/>. Reviewed by Dionisios Youlatos. Last modified 26 June 2009. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line664 |
__label__cc | 0.557178 | 0.442822 | For the Artist
Art for companies
Art Agency
Gabriella Imperatori-Penn
Flowers No 6
Authenticity - Signed Signature Label attached
Edition - Limited Edition of 7 + 2 AP
Orientation - Vertical
Series - Flowers
Materials - Archival Pigment Print on Fine Art Paper
Status - For sale
Dimensions - 112x147x0.1 cm (w/h/d)
Flowers in 2 additional Sizes
36x28 cm / 14x11 inches Edition of 21 + 2 AP - 720 Euro
112x86 cm / 44x34 inches Edition of 10 + 2 AP - 3400 Euro
Interview with world renowned Photographer Gabriella Imperatori-Penn: Where Were You Born? In Zurich, Switzerland, where I studied German, French, Italian and Latin! Whew. I loved the quality of life there... the beauty of the nature... and obviously, some of the security that comes with "home." Why Photography? My interest in photography started in a summer camp at the age of fifteen where I choose photography because I didn't think I could paint or draw. It was that year that I asked my father for a camera for Christmas. I started taking landscapes and photographed my friends and family, self-taught in the darkroom. At the age of sixteen my walls were covered in Sarah Moon and Helmut Newton pictures I found in magazines... and then, of course, there was Penn. Why did you leave Switzerland? I didn't feel challenged enough, and on a personal level, I wanted to see the world. I knew I needed more stimulation. Why America, and not another country? It was not so planned. I didn't even speak English when I arrived. I came to NYC only to stay for six months, and then felt so free and happy that I didn't go back. Why still life photography? Since childhood, I have always had a lot of dialogue with the environment around me. For me, with still life, there is a certain sense of putting the world in order and having an inner, quiet conversation. It's a special way of focusing and centering myself. I have a natural fascination with form and texture and a strong interest in both natural and designed objects that connects my commercial, editorial and fine art work. People say the work is both feminine and bold. And for me, it also marries the descriptive and the mysterious. My still life work is also strongly connected to the way I approach the landscape, which I am exploring in a new body of fine art work. What drives you as an artist? Definitely an obsession to create. When I don't take pictures I sew, or knit, or plant, or cook. Taking pictures gives me peace of mind. How do you develop personal projects — why mushrooms, bird droppings, waterscapes? Most of my fine art projects are very nature-driven and minimal. It's the counterpoint to living in a busy, sometimes overwhelming, very urban environment. If you weren't a photographer, what would you do? I would be an architect or have a restaurant/wine bar. What makes you happy? Turquoise, orange, WHITE ! Flowers... I love to cook... Italian food, and wine is a passion... the ocean. I am an absolute romantic. La Bohème is my favorite opera... Chopin, Eric Satie (they used to be my favorite composers to play when I still played the piano). I love Sophia Loren and Ingrid Bergman... Fellini, Woody Allen’s "Midnight in Paris”… Jane Campion’s "The Portrait of a Lady", Richard Curtis’ "Love Actually"... I LOVE Jazz... my favorite Album of all time is Miles Davis’ "Kind of Blue,” Edith Piaf... Laura Pausini, Ella Fitzgerald, Adele… gardening... candle light... dimmed lights... linen... beautiful smells... Japanese incense... tea... not wearing shoes... my Volvo…. Gabriella's work is held in numerous private collections and has been shown by Steven Kasher NYC, ExhibitA London, RI Center for Photograph Arts and Space Gallery both in St Barth and NYC
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Flowers no 10
Photography, 86x112x0.1 cm (w/h/d)
Mysterious Flower No 6
Extinct No 3
Photography, 28x36x0.1 cm (w/h/d)
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__label__wiki | 0.818081 | 0.818081 | Debates of Oct. 4th, 2006
House of Commons Hansard #59 of the 39th Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament's site.) The word of the day was code.
Mental Illness Awareness Week
Aboriginal Women
Craig Paul Gillam and Robert Thomas James Mitchell
Federal Accountability Act
National Family Week
Conservative Government Policies
Bernard Landry
Aboriginal Affairs
Fisheries and Oceans
Committees of the House
Motions for Papers
An Act to amend certain acts in relation to DNA Identification
Softwood Lumber Products Export Charge Act, 2006
Kyoto Protocol Implementation Act
Trent-Severn Waterway
It being Wednesday, we will now have the singing of the national anthem led by the hon. member for Halifax West.
[Members sang the national anthem]
AgricultureStatements By Members
Dave Batters Conservative Palliser, SK
Mr. Speaker, I am honoured to rise today in the House of Commons on behalf of the residents of Palliser and Canada's new government to state my appreciation and this government's appreciation for the tremendous contribution made by Palliser producers.
Farm families in Palliser have spent more than a decade trying to convince Liberal and NDP governments to take Canada's farm crisis seriously.
Canada's new Conservative government understands farm families. We share their values and we are standing up for them.
Our first budget provided an additional $1.5 billion for agriculture, tripling our campaign commitment.
We are going to scrap the failed Liberal CAIS program and replace it with a new farm income support program that will meet farmers' needs.
We are moving forward with our biofuels strategy.
We have listened to farmers who told us they wanted choice in marketing.
I am proud of the outstanding contribution made by Palliser producers. I will continue to fight hard for farm families here in Ottawa.
LiteracyStatements By Members
Don Bell Liberal North Vancouver, BC
Mr. Speaker, there has been a national outcry in response to the government's decision to slash $17.7 million in federal funding for regional and local literacy programs. These devastating cuts will force literacy organizations across Canada to close their doors.
This is not the only blow delivered to literacy by the government. The Conservatives have also cut $17 million from the workplace skills strategy, which has a key focus on literacy and employability.
The government has cancelled the $3.5 billion set aside by the previous Liberal government for labour market partnership agreements with the provinces, which focused on increasing workplace training in several areas, including literacy and essential skills.
Basic education and skills are critical for Canadians trying to access employment and earn advancement on the job.
These cuts are a step backwards in our ability to meet the literacy challenges of Canadians and to build the kind of workforce our country needs.
Mental Illness Awareness WeekStatements By Members
Christiane Gagnon Bloc Québec, QC
Mr. Speaker, it is my pleasure to recognize that October 1 to 7 is Mental Illness Awareness Week. This week is about fighting prejudice by bearing in mind that mental illness can affect anyone.
Indeed, statistics in this regard speak for themselves; they show that 20% of the population will experience mental illness at one time or another during their lifetime, and that 80% will be affected by the illness of a close relative.
Under the slogan “Our mother has a mental illness... We need help”, this year's event is designed to reach out to children of all ages with a mentally ill parent.
Given that children have the right to know and, more importantly, to understand what is going on, let us wish all the best to those organizations which strive to reach out to them in an effort to spare them a great deal of suffering.
Aboriginal WomenStatements By Members
Jean Crowder NDP Nanaimo—Cowichan, BC
Mr. Speaker, October marks Women's History Month. This year's theme is Aboriginal Women: The Journey Forward.
Bev Jacobs is a Mohawk from Six Nations and a member of the Bear Clan. She is the president of the Native Women's Association of Canada. I have met with Bev regularly since I became an MP and she inspires me with the dedication she brings to the issues affecting aboriginal women.
Today Bev Jacobs led aboriginal women and their supporters in rallies across Canada to remember their 500 missing sisters as part of the Sisters in Spirit campaign to document violence against aboriginal women.
Bev Jacobs has also been a leading voice in denouncing Canada for its poor record on the rights of aboriginal women.
This week she hosted the UN special rapporteur on human rights, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, who disapproves of Canada's plan to derail the adoption of the United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples.
I ask my colleagues to join me in celebrating Bev Jacobs and the journey forward for aboriginal women in this country.
Forest IndustryStatements By Members
Jay Hill Conservative Prince George—Peace River, BC
Mr. Speaker, British Columbia has been engaged in a devastating battle against the mountain pine beetle since 1993. Throughout that time, I have fought alongside the forest industry and our forestry dependent communities to help them stand their ground against the infestation and federal Liberal neglect.
Now that we have formed government, we have swiftly provided that long overdue support. This new Conservative government has committed to $1 billion in new federal funding over the next 10 years to help B.C. communities ravaged by the pine beetle to address local priorities associated with the epidemic, diversify their economies and create new long term jobs, jobs like those the Prince George airport is striving to create through its expansion and development plans.
We will continue to invest in the scientific research necessary to help manage the aftermath of the infestation and to remain competitive under its threat in the future.
In just eight months, the Conservative government has already put B.C.'s forest industry on track for a much brighter future.
Marlene Jennings Liberal Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine, QC
Mr. Speaker, on September 8, the Minister of Human Resources and Social Development stated that the Government of Canada was working to help citizens enhance their literacy skills. Barely two weeks later, the government announced it was cutting $17.7 million from funding to local and regional literacy programs.
These cuts will have a serious impact on services provided to minority communities in Canada. Such cuts will destroy the minority language literacy services network, including the Pluri-elles group which will have to shut down nine literacy centres in French-speaking rural Manitoba.
That is a disgrace.
Automotive IndustryStatements By Members
Jeff Watson Conservative Essex, ON
Mr. Speaker, what drives the Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers' Association, the Association of International Automobile Manufacturers of Canada, the Automotive Parts Manufacturers' Association and the Canadian Automobile Dealers Association to come to Ottawa?
Climb into the rumble seat and fasten the seat belts, because it is auto days on Parliament Hill. My engine revs because these associations represent nearly 600,000 direct jobs across Canada, no mini-achievement.
In case people have not picked up on it, highly paid auto jobs power Canada's economic engine and fuel our quality of life in our communities.
It does not stop there. These associations are leading the way with cutting edge environmental technologies and processes.
I would not steer members wrong. These associations have parked themselves in Ottawa. They are not in neutral on the need for more competitiveness measures. They will not reverse their call for continued investment in this sector.
To the representatives of CVMA, AIAMC, APMA and CADA, I say welcome, and I wish them many miles of continued success in Canada.
Craig Paul Gillam and Robert Thomas James MitchellStatements By Members
October 4th, 2006 / 2:10 p.m.
Mr. Speaker, it was with great sadness that the Bloc Québécois learned yesterday of the deaths of two Canadian soldiers, Sergeant Craig Paul Gillam and Corporal Robert Thomas James Mitchell of the Royal Canadian Dragoons. They were working on a road construction project 20 kilometres west of Kandahar.
The members of the Bloc Québécois mourn the loss of these men and offer sincere condolences to their families and friends, as well as to the Royal Canadian Dragoons.
We would like to tell the bereaved families that their loss will not have been in vain. The men were working to rebuild democracy and improve quality of life for Afghans.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning we will remember them.
Federal Accountability ActStatements By Members
James Moore Conservative Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam, BC
Mr. Speaker, today is day 105 of the Liberal Senate's foot dragging and filibuster on the toughest anti-corruption law in Canadian history. It is shameful that the Liberal Senate is deliberately delaying the passage of the accountability act after this House passed it in a mere 72 days.
Canadians remember the sponsorship scandal as a terrible stain on our country's history, yet when Canada's new Conservative government acted immediately to clean up the Liberal mess and restore the public's trust in government, the Liberal Party did nothing but play games.
Canadians want to know why the party of corruption has done nothing to help move forward the federal accountability act. Canadians want action. Canadians want an end to corruption. Canadians deserve better than these games that are being played by the Liberal Party of Canada.
Nancy Karetak-Lindell Liberal Nunavut, NU
Mr. Speaker, the Conservative government spending cuts announced last week included the slashing of $17.7 million for literacy organizations throughout Canada. The cuts mean that local and regional literacy programs will no longer be funded.
The cuts mean that literacy organizations such as the Saskatchewan Literacy Network will have to close their doors. Yukon will lose the Yukon Literacy Coalition. Nunavut will lose its Arctic College culturally based pilot program. Manitoba will lose approximately $620,000 from local and regional literacy programs.
Twenty-two per cent of adult Canadians have serious problems reading simple printed material. In light of these numbers, it is unconscionable that the Conservative government has chosen to slash a program to help adults who want to help themselves to learn to read and write, while at the same time posting a $13 billion surplus.
National Family WeekStatements By Members
Brian Storseth Conservative Westlock—St. Paul, AB
Mr. Speaker, this week Canadians across the country celebrate National Family Week. This is an opportunity for all of us to celebrate families and recognize their importance in our lives.
Strong families draw from and benefit the communities in which they live, work and play. Families are the building blocks of our society and our country. This government is committed to providing them with the support and recognition they deserve.
Canada's new government is helping families with the cost of kids' sports, public transit and everyday purchases.
We are there for farm families who need short term financial relief, while also looking at ways to improve income for the long term.
Millions of parents are now receiving direct support for child care through the universal child care benefit.
Canada's new government will continue supporting our country's future by supporting Canadian families. I ask my colleagues to join me in recognizing National Family Week.
Conservative Government PoliciesStatements By Members
Peter Julian NDP Burnaby—New Westminster, BC
Mr. Speaker, far from standing up for Canada, the Conservative government is waving the white flag of surrender. We see this with the softwood lumber sellout. We see this with the Wheat Board sellout and we see it in the secret Banff meetings.
That government is prepared to give away everything in its endless efforts of capitulation to the Bush government, with ministers committed to giving away even more of Canada under the so-called security and prosperity partnership.
Remodelling Canada as a carbon copy of the United States, means lowering our quality of life and Canadian standards in food safety, health, labour rights, transportation and the environment.
The NDP is pressing for full disclosure of everything the Conservative government is doing to sell us out, just like the Liberals did, and diminish our ability to build the society Canadians deserve.
In the upcoming election, Canadians will have a clear choice between the sellout versions of Canada by the Conservatives and Liberals and a vision of a new, proud, independent Canada, promoted by the NDP.
Yasmin Ratansi Liberal Don Valley East, ON
Mr. Speaker, economists from across Canada agree that literacy is fundamental to boosting economic productivity and prosperity. Canada currently has one of the highest levels of post-secondary attainment among OECD countries. However, this achievement is in jeopardy, as the Conservative government does not believe in literacy.
Without warning last week and despite a budget surplus of $13 billion, the Conservatives eliminated $18 million from the federal literacy skills program. Incredibly, this announcement came out on the same day that the Prime Minister's wife was on the streets of Ottawa campaigning for more literacy programs.
While cutting literacy programs, the Prime Minister is spending $3 million of taxpayer dollars on renovations for his official residence at 24 Sussex. I hope that includes plans for a comfortable, new doghouse with room enough for two. I have a sneaking suspicion that the Prime Minister will be spending a lot of time in it.
Bernard LandryStatements By Members
Pierre Paquette Bloc Joliette, QC
Mr. Speaker, yesterday, the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal declared Bernard Landry Patriote of the year for 2006-07.
Since 1975, this title has been awarded annually to a notable Quebecker. The official award ceremony takes place in November, the month during which we commemorate the Patriote victory over English troops on November 23, 1837, at Saint-Denis-sur-Richelieu.
As a former Quebec premier and a minister many times over, Mr. Landry helped create the quiet revolution and modern-day Quebec. His foremost concern has always been serving Quebec and the nation.
With uncommon determination and intelligence, he has worked tirelessly to this day to give Quebeckers the only tool that will enable them to express themselves and reach their full potential as a people: national independence.
He constantly reminded us that our sense of conviction keeps us faithful to our ideals. Throughout his half-century of public life, Bernard Landry remained faithful to his ideal: making Quebec a country.
The Bloc Québécois salutes Bernard Landry, a truly great patriot, on being awarded this honour.
Government ProgramsStatements By Members
Dominic LeBlanc Liberal Beauséjour, NB
Mr. Speaker, 22% of Canadian adults have considerable difficulty reading.
Funding for literacy programs does more than help only these people. We know that the literacy rate of our population is directly linked to the strength of our country's economy.
Yet the minority Conservative government is cutting funding for literacy programs by $17 million, thus jeopardizing the survival of organizations that run those programs.
Despite a surplus of $13 billion, seven major projects launched in Nova Scotia will no longer be funded, and the future of the PEI Literacy Alliance is now at risk. In my own riding, projects such as Tiny Pencils and the Kent dyslexic support committee are at risk. These groups deserve our support and our recognition, not a slap in the face from the Conservatives.
This money is used to help adults who want to help themselves.
I call upon the government to restore these funds immediately.
Liberal Party of CanadaStatements By Members
Tom Lukiwski Conservative Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre, SK
Mr. Speaker, as we get closer to Halloween, the Liberals continue to take cheap, partisan shots over qualified appointments, yet they remain haunted by past cronyism. Let us take a moment to remember the ghosts of Liberals past.
As immigration minister, the member for Westmount—Ville-Marie thought it fitting to reappoint her ex-husband to the Immigration and Refugee Board.
The Immigration and Refugee Board had other scary appointments, including the husband of none other than the member for Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine.
As justice minister, the member for Mount Royal tried to keep the spirits at bay by making his chief of staff a judge on the federal court.
However, nothing was more frightening than the ghost who hid out in a castle over in Denmark, as the Liberals made the great public works minister, Alfonso Gagliano, the ambassador to Denmark.
As the ghosts of hypocrisy and cronyism continue to haunt Liberals, Canadians must not be scared because Canada's new government is improving the lives of all Canadians.
JusticeOral Questions
Toronto Centre Ontario
Bill Graham LiberalLeader of the Opposition
Mr. Speaker, I am advised that yesterday I incorrectly attributed anti-Muslim statements to the chief of staff of the Minister of the Environment. I apologize and totally withdraw those remarks.
The other concerns raised yesterday have been borne out in the news. The government is planning legislation which will effectively destroy protections provided under the Human Rights Act.
Let us be clear. Religious freedom is fully guaranteed in law in Canada. It is in the charter. It is scrupulously protected by our Supreme Court judgments. It was guaranteed in laws passed by Liberal governments.
Since religious freedom is already fully protected, what protections is the Prime Minister presently intending to remove? Is this not just an attempt to remove sexual orientation as a prohibited ground of discrimination in our country and totally against what was already adopted by Parliament?
Calgary Southwest Alberta
Stephen Harper ConservativePrime Minister
Mr. Speaker, I appreciate the apology from the Leader of the Opposition. When I heard the quote, I thought it was, at least, out of context. It turns out not to have been said at all. I therefore caution the Leader of the Opposition in engaging in speculation in his next question. The government has no plans at all along the lines that he has suggested.
Mr. Speaker, I totally accept what the Prime Minister said.
I ask him then to engage on the floor of the House, since this is an opportunity to deal with that, not to engage in a smokescreen, not to let his political calculations trump his responsibility to uphold human rights and assure the House that he is not preparing legislation which has the intent to drive a horse and cart through the protections for Canadian citizens, who may be gay and lesbian, and that are provided for in the Canadian Human Rights Act, the charter and other provisions of Canadian law.
Mr. Speaker, as the hon. Leader of the Opposition knows, I have been clear for some time that the government will bring forward a motion for debate and for a free vote this fall. Beyond that, the hon. Leader of the Opposition is worried about the charter. Let me read the following quote to him:
Pierre Trudeau believed the Charter of Rights and Freedoms would bring us together. Yet the results haven't worked out that way.
I take that quote from the front runner for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada.
Mr. Speaker, perhaps the Prime Minister would like to answer the charges and comments made this morning in the newspapers, telling us that the Prime Minister is considering a bill that would allow discrimination when some Canadians try to do business with companies?
Can the Prime Minister tell us whether gays and lesbians will be the only victims of this obvious discrimination or are there other groups in our society that the government will be considering later?
Mr. Speaker, I will say it again. Rather than engage in unfounded speculation about what this government is proposing, the Leader of the Opposition should be worrying about the positions taken by the next leader of his party.
Lucienne Robillard Liberal Westmount—Ville-Marie, QC
Mr. Speaker, for several days we have seen that the government is not serious about protecting minorities: the President of the Treasury Board is cancelling the court challenges program; the Minister of Justice is bent on prolonging the debate over same-sex marriage; and the Minister of Economic Development of Canada is using his discretion to deny the gay community of Montreal grant funding.
Has the Prime Minister given his ministers the order that no government program is to support the gay and lesbian community?
Jonquière—Alma Québec
Jean-Pierre Blackburn ConservativeMinister of Labour and Minister of the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
Mr. Speaker, I believe that Canadians are entitled to know that 70% of the Economic Development Canada budget envelope, which amounts to about $200 million, is going to various non-profit organizations in the province of Quebec. That being said, when an application is submitted to me, it is analyzed based on quality and merit.
In this case, the Black & Blue Festival was asking us for $55,000. I looked at all of the partners and we came to the conclusion that our contribution was not essential for the event to be held. We were not mistaken, given that the event is taking place. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line669 |
__label__wiki | 0.622322 | 0.622322 | Home Dispatches FBI Using Dubious Entrapment to Arrest Terrorism Suspects
FBI Using Dubious Entrapment to Arrest Terrorism Suspects
A new report by Human Rights Watch and the Columbia Law School focuses on the dubiousness of federal terrorism sting tactics.
The 214-page study, "Illusion of Justice," is a detailed examination of twenty-seven terrorism cases -- and the questionable methods that prosecutors employed.
"For years, Human Rights Watch has documented human rights violations in the U.S. criminal justice system," Andrea Prasow, deputy Washington director of Human Rights Watch and a co-author of the report, tells The Progressive. "We thought it was important to look specifically at the treatment of terrorism suspects in U.S. federal courts, and also to document the impact abusive counterterrorism policies have on American Muslim communities."
The report underscores how hard it is to demonstrate that suspects have been entrapped by the feds -- and how anti-foreigner and anti-Islam prejudice makes it all the more difficult.
"U.S. law requires that to prove entrapment a defendant show both that the government induced him to commit the act in question and that he was not 'predisposed' to commit it," the report states. "This predisposition inquiry focuses attention on the defendant's background, opinions, beliefs, and reputation -- in other words, not on the crime, but on the nature of the defendant. This character inquiry makes it exceptionally difficult for a defendant to succeed in raising the entrapment defense, particularly in the terrorism context, where inflammatory stereotypes and highly charged characterizations of Islam and foreigners often prevail."
Not a single defendant in a federal terrorism case has successfully used the entrapment argument.
The report highlights several other problems with terrorism prosecutions, including use of classified or coerced evidence and harsh conditions of confinement.
The report also shows how government tactics are antagonizing American Muslims.
"The U.S. government has on the one hand claimed that American Muslim communities are essential partners, while at the same time placing them under surveillance and treating them as suspects," says Prasow. "The impact of those practices has been quite serious, alienating some communities and leading to fear and suspicion in places like mosques and community centers that should be places of refuge."
Human Rights Watch and Columbia Law School have a number of proposals for the government.
Their priorities, according to Prasow, are: to rein in and subject to robust oversight the use of informants; to ensure that suspects are not charged with providing material support for terrorism based on activity that should be protected as freedom of speech; and to ensure humane prison conditions.
Former FBI agent Michael German, now working for the ACLU, explains in the report why these reforms are needed, particularly since FBI agents posing as terrorist recruiters have become more aggressive in their efforts to make arrests.
"Today's terrorism sting operations reflect a significant departure from past practice," he is quoted as saying. "When the FBI undercover agent or informant is the only purported link to a real terrorist group, supplies the motive, designs the plot and provides all the weapons, one has to question whether they are combating terrorism or creating it."
Dispatches Civil Liberties Criminal Justice National Security | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line671 |
__label__wiki | 0.92188 | 0.92188 | following yonder star
December 24, 2020 December 24, 2020 / puckstruck / 1 Comment
Flyby: The Minnesota North Stars sent out a Christmas card looking like this in December of 1972; open it up, and you’d find a team portrait alongside the sad prospect of this same Santa picking a puck out of his net. Cesare Maniago was the Stars’ regular, non-Yuletide goaler that season, with Gilles Gilbert and Gump Worsley backing him up. And the airborne puck-carrier seen here? He looks a little like North Star winger Dean Prentice … or maybe it’s Dennis Hextall, who led the team in scoring? Not sure of the artists but there’s a good chance it’s George Karn, the man who designed both Mineesota’s starred N when they joined the NHL in 1967 and the team’s uniforms.
cal gardner does his time (cameo by sin bin sally)
October 30, 2020 / puckstruck
Born in Transcona, on Winnipeg’s east side, on a Thursday of this date in 1924, Cal Gardner made his NHL debut with the New York Rangers before a trade took him to Toronto in 1948. He won two Stanley Cups with the Maple Leafs. He was briefly a Black Hawk and then finished his 12-year career in the NHL with four seasons with the Bruins. The scene here dates to his final year, 1957, when Boston visited Madison Square Garden and the Rangers beat them 5-2. Dean Prentice scored the winning goal for New York; Gump Worsley (Rangers) and Don Simmons (Bruins) were the goaltenders.
There was no penalty box as such at the old Garden in those years, which meant that if you transgressed and went to wait out your sentence, you sat just west of the Rangers’ bench on the 49thStreet (south) side of the rink, amid paying customers. Gardner served two time-outs that night, in the first period (for slashing) and in the third (hooking), visiting, unavoidably, with Sally Lark on both occasions.
“Now that some of the Rangers’ games are being televised nationally, she is becoming to many more who assume that she is the wife of someone connected with the team.” That’s from a short profile Sports Illustrated ran in ’57. No, not so, no such connection: 28-year-old Lark was an interior decorator from Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, just a big Ranger fan with a season’s ticket that kept her front and centre. “Sin Bin Sally,” the papers sometimes called her. She’d attended her first game in 1942, and in the 15 years since, she’d only missed about ten home games.
“It’s better not to talk to them at first,” Lark said of the players from visiting teams who ended up in her precinct. “They’re not in a very good humour. But if a player gets a major penalty he usually has time to cool off before he leaves the box. Then, maybe, we speak.”
The night of Gardner’s visit was a busy one, despite being brawl-free: Rangers Lou Fontinato, Harry Howell, Prentice, Red Sullivan, Andy Bathgate, and Bill Gadsby all dropped by the penalty bench at one time or another, along with Boston’s Fleming MacKell, Don McKenney, Fern Flaman, Johnny Peirson, and Allan Stanley.
Lark had tickets for two more seats on her right, for friends; on her left sat the Garden timekeeper. In all her years at the Garden, she was injured only once, before the Garden installed glass around the boards in 1946, when she was hit by a puck in the ear. “Just a few drops of blood,” she said. “Even now,” SI advised, “if she wears a hat, she is likely to have it knocked into her lap by some player thrashing about her on the penalty bench.” Lark said she didn’t mind: life by the ice was “exciting but safe.”
from obscurity to the glare of the calcium: getting to know moe, the emergency goaltender whose last nhl appearance came 26 years after his first
February 23, 2020 February 23, 2020 / puckstruck / 1 Comment
Hats Off To Moe: Morrie (or Maury?) Roberts looks for the puck in one of his 1933 NHL starts, when he guarded the New York Americans’ goal in a 7-3 loss to Toronto at Maple Leaf Gardens. That’s Red Dutton on the left in New York stars and stripes, with an unidentified teammate on the ice nearby; number 4 is Allan Murray. For the Leafs, that’s Charlie Conacher (9) facing Busher Jackson with Buzz Boll (17) waiting by the net.
A glorious episode for the Carolina Hurricanes Saturday night — unless, possibly, was it was the most embarrassing loss in the entire history of the Toronto Maple Leafs?
Still wrapping my head around the existentialism of a team employee administering the most humiliating loss in history on the Leafs. It’s like the hockey Gods discovered a whole new room in their lair of dark magic
— dave bidini (@hockeyesque) February 23, 2020
Either way, Carolina’s 6-3 win over the faltering Leafs at Scotiabank Arena was a memorable night for 42-year-old emergency goaltender (and sometime Zamboni-driver) David Ayres, who stepped in to make eight saves and earn the win after the Hurricanes lost netminders James Reimer and Petr Mrazek to injury.
Ayres’ achievement was roundly celebrated, and rightly so. In the giddy aftermath, some of the history surrounding emergency goaltenders in the NHL was trundled out, in TV studios and on social media. The league’s PR account was quick to proclaim Ayres’ debut as the most elderly in all the (regular-season) annals … before posting an update a few minutes later, recognizing Lester Patrick aged playoff appearance … before deleting the Patrick amendment.
On the embarrassment side of the ledger, there was mention, too, that the Toronto Maple Leafs were the first team in NHL history to lose to an EBUG — an emergency back-up goaltender.
Not so. Neither is Ayres the first emergency goaltender to win an NHL game, as has been reported.
While the acronym didn’t exist nine decades ago, the tendency for goaltenders to fall to injury goes back (of course) to the earliest days of the NHL. In those early years, of course, teams carried but a single goaltender. So when your mainstay took a puck to the face, say, as Lorne Chabot did in the New York Rangers’ net in April of 1928, while facing the Montreal Maroons the Stanley Cup Finals, quick decisions were called for.
In that case, when Chabot couldn’t continue, it was the aforementioned Lester Patrick, the Rangers’ 44-year-old coach and GM, who stepped into the breach. He’d previously subbed in on the Rangers’ defence, but this was his goaling debut in the NHL. He won it, 2-1, which meant that the Maroons lost.
But before that, Montreal lamented Maroons had already lost, previously, in the regular season, to an emergency goaltender.
And as compelling as David Ayres’ story may be, Moe Roberts’ may be more remarkable still.
Actually, I don’t know about that — just seeing now that in addition to being a Zamboni driver whose last competitive service was (per The Hockey News) “an eight-game stint with Norwood Vipers of the Allan Cup Hockey League where he allowed 58 goals with a .777 save percentage and a 0-8 record.” And, also, he’s a kidney transplant survivor.
Roberts’ is a pretty good chronicle all the same, starting with his 1925 journey (as rendered in the Boston Post) “from obscurity to the glare of the calcium in the short space of 28 minutes.”
Identified, generally, at the time we’re talking here as Maurice, he seems actually to have been born Morris— so maybe we’ll just go with Moe, the diminutive he’d go by later in life. One of the first Jewish players to skate in the NHL, he was about to turn 20 in December of 1925, a son of Waterbury, Connecticut, who’d attended high school in the Boston suburb of Somerville, played goal for the hockey team, the Highlanders. He’d worn the pads, too, during the 1924-25 season for the Boston Athletic Association, backing up Frenchy Lacroix, who’d later find himself stepping into the Montreal Canadiens net vacated by Georges Vézina.
NHL teams mostly carried just a single goaltender in those years, of course, though spares and back-ups did start to become more common toward the end of the decade. Wilf Cude would eventually be designated league back-up, available to any team that needed an emergency replacement, but that was still several years in the future, and wouldn’t really have helped in the Boston Arena this night in any case. Whether Roberts was on hand at the rink on Tuesday, December 8, or had to be summoned in a hurry — I don’t know. He seems to have been unaffiliated at this point — one contemporary account styles him as the Boston A.A.’s former “substitute and inactive goalie.”
Either way, the NHL’s two newest teams were playing that night, early on in their second campaign. With the score tied 2-2 in the second period, Maroons’ winger Babe Siebert collided with the Bruins’ goaltender, Charlie Stewart, who was also a dentist and so, inevitably, nicknamed Doc. Here’s the Boston Globe’s view of the matter:
Dr. Stewart in stopping a shot by Seibert [sic], was bumped by the latter as he raced in for the rebound. The two players went down in a pile. Dr. Stewart was unable to get up. After a long delay it was discovered that he had been so badly injured he would be out for the rest of the game and possibly for some time. Young Roberts was found and did yeoman work.
Montreal’s Gazette diagnosed Stewart’s trouble: “Doc Stewart was led off the ice with his left leg hanging limp. Later it became known that he had a bad cut, requiring several stitches ….”
Roberts got “a big hand” as he warmed up, the Gazette reported, “with all the Bruins firing testing shots at him.” The first hostile shot he faced was a long one from the stick of Maroons’ centre Reg Noble, and the stop “met with loud acclaim.”
There’s no record of how many shots Roberts faced in his period-and-a-bit of relief work — the Gazette has him “under bombardment” in the third — just that he deterred them all. Winger Jimmy Herberts scored for the Bruins, making Roberts a winner in his emergency debut.
His luck didn’t last. With Stewart unable to play, Roberts started Boston’s next game, three days later, in Pittsburgh, when the local Pirates overwhelmed him by a score of 5-3.
With Doc Stewart declaring himself ready to go for Boston’s next game, Roberts’ NHL career might have ended there and then. On the contrary, it still had a distance to go — across three more decades.
Moe Roberts eventually caught on with teams in the minor Can-Am Hockey League, guarding goals for Eagles in New Haven and Arrows in Philadelphia through the rest of the 1920s and into the ’30s. Towards the end of the 1931-32 NHL season, when the New York Americans were visiting Montreal, when regular goaltender Roy Worters fell ill, the Amerks borrowed the Maroons’ spare netminder, Dave Kerr, for their meeting with (and 6-1 loss to) the Canadiens.
Worters still wasn’t available two days later when the Amerks met their New York rivals, the Rangers, at Madison Square Garden, so they called up 26-year-old Roberts from New Haven. Maury and also Morrie the papers were calling him by now, and he was brilliant, stepping into Worters’ skates. From the Brooklyn Times Union:
He filled them capably at all times, sensationally at some, bringing down volleys of applause from the assemblage during the play and receiving ovations when he came on the ice for the second and third periods.
The Americans won the game 5-1.
While Roberts didn’t see any more NHL action that season, he did return to the Americans’ net the following year, starting five games in relief after Roy Worters broke his hand, and recording his third career win.
That still wasn’t quite the end of Roberts’ NHL story. Flip forward to 1951. Five years had passed since Roberts had played in a competitive game, in the EAHL, and he was working, now, as an assistant trainer and sometime practice goalie for the Chicago Black Hawks.
When the Detroit Red Wings came to town that November, Harry Lumley took the Chicago net to face Terry Sawchuk down at the far end. Neither man had been born when Roberts played in that first NHL game of his in 1925. Now, 26 years later, he was about to take shots in his ninth (and finally final) big-league game.
Ted Lindsay and Gordie Howe had put pucks past Lumley by the end of the second period; the score was 5-2 for the Red Wings. Suffering from a bruised left knee, the Black Hawks’ goaltender stayed put in the third, ceding his net to Moe Roberts. Chicago continued to lose right up until the end — but Roberts stopped every shot he faced.
More Moe: A fanciful ’52-53 Parkie for Moe Roberts in Chicago gear, created by (and courtesy of) collector Kingsley Walsh.
At 45, Roberts was making history, then and there, as the oldest player ever to have suited up for an NHL game, exceeding Lester Patrick’s record of having played for the New York Rangers in a famous 1928 playoff game in 1928. Roberts, who died in 1975 at the age of 69, remains the oldest man to have played goal in NHL history, ahead of Johnny Bower and Gump Worsley, though a couple of skaters have surpassed him since 1951: Chris Chelios played at 48 and Gordie Howe at 52.
May 14, 2019 April 18, 2020 / puckstruck
I don’t have a whole lot to say about hockey-player cookbooks, other than this: Borje Salming’s Grilled Moose with Whey Butter Sauce does sound delicious.
I guess I could venture further that, of all the volumes I’ve gathered on the surprisingly crowded shelf I’ve reserved for the books of hockey’s recipes, Grilling With Salming (2010) is easily the most appetizing. Borje thoroughly loves grilling (as he confesses on page three) and (as he makes clear in the book’s 11-page hockey/culinary introduction) he’s actually a bit of a whiz at it. It doesn’t feel like a novelty act: it’s too heartfelt for that. The photographs (by Bruno Ehrs) are incredible, too, and even if you don’t get around to cooking Salming’s Herb-Stuffed Trout, I do recommend that you put some time in, as I have done, staring at its portrait on page 33.
In endorsing Salming, I don’t mean to cast aspersions on anyone else’s kitchen credentials. Several NHL teams made a habit in the 1980s and ’90s of compiling collections of player-recommended recipes to raise funds for good community causes. The Jets Are Cookin’ from 1983, for instance, offers up Moe Mantha’s Filet of Sole with Shrimp Sauce alongside Dave Babych’s Broccoli Casserole. Paul Coffey’s Meatloaf might be a meal you’ll serve some future spring to celebrate Edmonton’s return to the playoffs, unless it’s Wayne Gretzky’s Stir-Fry Beef With Tomatoes: either way, the plain cerlox-bound pages of Oilers Favourite Recipes (1981) have what you’re looking for.
Can I recommend Mark Messier’s Carrot Cake, from that same volume? I can’t, not in good conscience. How do I know that the 20-year-old budding superstar actually reached into his very own recipe-box to contribute what we’re seeing here? I don’t. That may be the Messier signature at the bottom of the page, but can all that precedes it really be Mark’s own? The instructions for making the icing, for instance. “Cream well,” the soon-to-be-50-goal-scorer advises, “mix in icing sugar until stiff for icing. Sprinkle with coconut if desired.”
I have no such doubts about Gump Worsley’s Pineapple Squares. On this, the 90th anniversary of his birth, it’s high time we amplified the word that one of hockey’s greatest goaltenders was also a master of desserts.
Fans of They Call Me Gump remember— how could they forget? — that while the 1975 autobiography Worsley wrote with an assist from Tim Moriarty is mostly a tale of hockey trial and tribulation, it also includes chapter called (pointedly) “My Pineapple Squares.”
It’s but brief, a page-and-a-half, and gets right to the point. “My hobby,” Worsley declares, “is baking pastries: pies, cakes, cookies.” The titular squares whose recipe soon follows are a favourite, he divulges, along with his wife’s name for them: to Doreen, he says, they were only ever Gumpies.
It’s been years since I first read that passage and, over the page, the list of ingredients and how to render them. As much as I respect Worsley’s devotion and any work of literature that finds room for a recipe, I admit that I’ve never yet followed Worsley’s lead in the kitchen — but that’s really a pineapple issue more than anything else.
What I can report is that new research reveals that before it appeared between hard covers, Worsley’s recipe made its public debut in March of 1974 in The Minneapolis Star. Worsley was 44 that year, tending the North Stars’ nets in his final NHL season along with Cesare Maniago and Fern Rivard.
Beth Anderson wrote the Star’s foodie feature that appeared under the headline “Some North Stars Know The Kitchen Isn’t Penalty Box.” North Stars’ centre Murray Oliver is first up, contributing a pair of recipes, for Marinated Steak and Toronto Garlic Chicken Breasts.
The Olivers, we learn, like to cook with friends; when its chicken on the menu, the “you can smell the garlic cooking all over the house,” though “the final taste is not too much.”
When it comes to introducing Worsley and his baked goodness, the shrift is much shorter: “He said he has served them to a lot of hockey players and takes them anywhere there is a party.” The recipe, for scholars of these things, varies from the one in They Call Me Gump in only a single detail: both call for crushed pineapple, but the newspaper also wants it “well-drained.”
Other than that, what’s important is the illustration, reproduced above: the first known (and maybe only?) photograph of Gump’s peerless Pineapple Squares.
they call me gump, and worse
Born in Montreal on a Tuesday 90 years ago today, Gump Worsley guarded goals for the New York Rangers, Montreal’s Canadiens, and the Minnesota North Stars, collecting four Stanley Cups, a Calder Trophy, and two Vézinas during his 21-year Hall-of-Fame NHL career. He died in 2007 at the age of 77.
“The basketball-shaped goalie,” Roger Angell called him, not so charitably. It’s the case, too, that when Worsley was dissuading pucks for the not-very-good Rangers in the late 1950s, his coach accused him of “jeopardizing” the team’s playoff chances by failing to stay in shape. “You can’t play goal with a beer-barrel belly,” Phil Watson was reported to have (quote) screamed at Worsley in the winter of 1957 after the Chicago Black Hawks put three third-period goals past him to earn a 6-6 tie. “Every time I hop on this fellow,” Watson raged, “everybody accuses me of unjustly attacking him. But the same guys who go in after a game and pat him on the back are the guys who are buying him beer. Worsley is the most uncooperative player on the club during practice. He refuses to work, even though he knows he’s overweight. He should weigh 165 pounds, but he’s over 170 now.” Asked whether he planned to discipline his goaltender, Watson (UPI reported) “tugged violently at his necktie,” barking, “I’m not going to fine him I’m not going to replace him. But I’ll tell you this, brother, I’m going to ride hard the rest of the season.”
Worsley’s response? “I just stunk up the place,” he said. “It was probably my worst game of the season. But I’ve only gained two pounds recently.”
Also: “From me to Phil, here’s a quote: tell him he’s full of baloney.”
The Rangers did clamber into the post-season in ’57, clinching the fourth and final playoff berth ahead of the Toronto Maple Leafs. Rewarded with a meeting with the Montreal Canadiens, the Rangers succumbed in five games to the eventual Stanley Cup champions. It was Maurice Richard who scored the overtime goal that sealed the series for Canadiens. New York reporters who tracked Watson down a day before that puck went in to put the Rangers out mentioned to the coach that they’d been talking to Richard. “The Rocket was real nice,” Dave Anderson of the New York Journal-American told Watson, “and said you were a pretty good fellow, and he also praised Worsley. He said of Worsley, ‘I love that little Gump.’”
Watson: “Why the hell shouldn’t he say he loves Worsley? He’s scored 150 goals against him in his career. If I scored 150 goals against a goalie, I’d love him, too.”
tony o in the soo: of sock-hockey, smelts, and dandelion greens
Tony Esposito got his first pair of skates, used, from a cousin, when he was five years old. “I really thought they were something,” he would later recall, as a tender of nets for the Chicago Black Hawks. Older by a year, brother Phil had started off tying double-runner skates strapped to his boots. Phil’s first proper skates were several sizes too big — he’d remember, with chagrin, having to wear three pairs of woolen socks to find a fit.
This was in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, decades before the Espositos got to the NHL to launch their respective Hall-of-Fame careers. Tony, younger by a year than Phil, turns 76 today. Born on a Friday of this date in 1943, he would start his big-league career as a member of the Montreal Canadiens. Understudying Rogie Vachon and Gump Worsley, Esposito got first start in December of 1968 against his brother’s Boston Bruins. Phil scored twice in a game that ended in a 2-2 tie; Tony made 33 saves. Backing up Vachon, he didn’t play a game in the playoffs that year, though he did get his name on the Stanley Cup when Montreal beat the St. Louis Blues in four games in the spring of ’69.
Chicago claimed him on waivers that same year, and while the Stanley Cup would elude his grasp in his 15 seasons there, his personal excellence was rewarded over the years. Starting his Black Hawks’ career in style, he won the Calder Trophy in 1969-70 as the NHL’s best rookie, along with the Vézina Trophy and a place on the First All-Star team. He’d claim two more Vézinas, in ’72 and ’74, and he was an All-Star again in ’74 and 1980.
In 1971, Tony and Phil collaborated with writer Tim Moriarty to publish a memoir, The Brothers Esposito, that offers first-person glimpses of their early years, indiscretions, and hockey formation. To kick off chapter three (“Mother Plays Goalie”), Phil recalls that he ran a little wild in the early 1950s as a teenager in the Soo. Nothing too serious, he says — mostly staying out late, stealing his father’s car, getting “nailed by the police” for “minor violations like disturbing the peace.”
Domestically, Phil summons up the family’s move from the city’s west end to a somewhat fancier eastern neighbourhood. The new house, he remembers, “had everything — an inter-com system, stereo and hi-fi, and large rooms, including a recreation room that must have measured 30 by 40 feet.” He goes on:
We used to hold some great practice sessions in that rec room. Instead of using a puck, we’d get an old sock, a big one, and roll it up and tie it with a ribbon. Then Tony and I would take turns shooting with the sock, which would slide very easily across the floor.
Most of the time, Tony was the goaltender. But I remember my mother [Frances] coming downstairs to check on us and we’d put her in goal. She’d get down on her hands and knees and we’d shoot at her. After beating her a couple of times, she would say, “Okay, boys, that’s enough. You’re taking advantage of your poor mother.” Then she would return to her kitchen and prepare our next meal.
My mother couldn’t play goal too well, but she was a great cook. One meal I loved then, which I haven’t had since I was a kid, was a special dish consisting of smelts and dandelion greens. We’d have them with fresh Italian bread from the bakery. Man, than was a feast. Tony, though, didn’t like the greens. He said they tickled his throat.
on this night in 1962: boom goes the leafs’ bench
February 3, 2019 September 9, 2020 / puckstruck
The hockey headlines from 57 years ago tonight, when the Toronto Maple Leafs hosted the New York Rangers? Leafs won, 4-1, to solidify their hold on second place in the NHL standings. A 20-year-old Dave Dryden was a story that night, too. As the on-call back-up in those days before teams regularly travelled with spare goaltenders, the Junior-A Toronto Marlboros’ ’minder was summoned from the stands early in the second period after the Rangers’ Gump Worsley left the game with an injured elbow. In his NHL debut, clad in Worsley’s too-small sweater, Dryden stopped 23 shots in his only career appearance for the Rangers, allowing three goals. “He played extremely well,” New York GM Muzz Patrick declared. “He’s a darn good prospect.”
But Dryden’s pro debut wasn’t the reason the game made the front page of The Globe and Mail the following Monday. The story there, just below the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II (ten years on the throne) and the latest on the crisis in Algeria, was the bomb that someone threw from the stands at the Leafs’ bench while the band was playing “God Save The Queen” before the opening face-off.
To sum up: at an NHL game in 1962, two-and-a-half months before Toronto won the Stanley Cup, a small bomb exploded near Bobby Baun at one end of the Leafs’ bench, briefly blinding the defenceman, and linesman Matt Pavelich, too.
Despite its title, Bobby Baun’s 2000 autobiography doesn’t mention the 1962 incident.
That first report allowed that it might have been a “giant firecracker,” but Toronto police detectives would subsequently classify the device as a “homemade bomb.” No-one, apparently, saw who tossed it, and the police investigation doesn’t seem to have turned up a perpetrator. From what I can see, all trace of the incident disappeared from the papers within the week. File it away, I guess, as an unsolved mystery whose consequences could have been much more serious than they were.
“The blast came,” the Globe recounted, “when the house lights were dimmed and the drums of the band were rolling at the start of the National Anthem. There was a loud noise, a bright flash, and a cloud of smoke. Players and fans in the vicinity said the smoke smelled of gunpowder.”
Pavelich was standing by the gate at the southern end of the Leafs’ bench. He said he felt something graze his nose, then his forearm before the explosion. From the Globe:
There were holes in his sweater from wrist to elbow on the right sleeve and the front of the sweater was seared.
There also were powder marks on his clothing as well as on Baun’s glove, which he had raised to his face automatically when he heard the blast. Pavelich first clutched at his arm, then held a hand over his eyes.
“It just knocked me off balance,” Baun said, “and both Pavelich and I had trouble seeing for a minute or so. It exploded at the top of the gate.”
The game went ahead. I can’t tell you much about how jarred Pavelich was, or whether Baun’s play showed any shell-shock. The latter, just back in the line-up after a wrist injury, seems to have played as Toronto’s fifth defenceman, spelling Al Arbour. He took a second-period penalty, two minutes for interference.
Evidence of the blast did eventually go to laboratory used by Ontario’s Attorney-General: scrapings from the ice, a towel Pavelich used to wipe his face, his sweater, Baun’s glove. No trace of the device itself was discovered.
Globe columnist Jim Vipond couldn’t understand how the bomber could have gone undetected by his neighbours in the stands. He urged anyone who knew anything to speak up. No-one seems to have come forward, though. The lab analysis didn’t reveal anything, either.
The Leafs did step up security for their next home game, against the Boston Bruins. Private detectives and extra police were on duty at the Gardens that night. And this time, too, when the band played the anthem, the lights weren’t dimmed quite so low.
Aftermath: In the week after a bomb exploded at Maple Leaf Gardens this month in 1962, a Toronto cartoonist picked up on the news.
the mothers of hockey players worry about injuries and, sometimes, freeze the living-room carpet for their sons to skate on
May 13, 2018 December 27, 2020 / puckstruck
Home Ice: Pierrette Lemieux wields her spatula as goaltender to her sons Richard, Alain, and Mario, as seen by illustrator Nick Craine. (Image: HarperCollins Canada)
The fathers of hockey players write books, sometimes, about sons of theirs who’ve made it to the NHL, while mostly the mothers don’t — other than Colleen Howe, who perhaps deserves a bright asterisk for having published in her time books both as a hockey mother and a wife. I wish they’d write more books, hockey’s mothers, share their stories. As it is, in the hockey books, they’re mostly reduced to a few mentions, mostly in the early chapters. If you read all the hockey books, there’s a certain amount you can glean about hockey’s mothers, and a whole lot more you can’t. Herewith, some of the gleanings. Numbers in the text link to the list identifying the various mothers in the endnotes.
Hockey mothers are descended from Sir Isaac Brock [1], some of them, while others are born and raised in a village six miles from William Shakespeare’s birthplace in Stratford-on-Avon, England [2]. Several of them are born Kathleen Wharnsby [3] and Grace Nelson [4], Rose Pauli [5] and Agnes Mather Bell [6]. The former two have been described, respectively, as “charming” and “demurely pretty.” The third wanted to be a nurse, but found that she fainted whenever she got near a surgery. The latter married a cheesemaker.
Other mothers are described, sometimes, in biographies written about their sons’ lustrous careers as “the soft-spoken daughter of German immigrants [who] worked as a domestic before her marriage.” [7] Sometimes, as the daughters of cattle farmers from Saskatchewan, they’re waitresses who see their future husbands for the first time at a bowling alley. [8] In other cases, the mothers of hockey players meet their husbands in Pristina, in what’s now Kosovo, before they emigrate to Canada without knowing a word of English. [9] Or else they arrive in Canada from Ukraine at the age of 16 and end up in Fort William, Ontario, in 1912 where they soon meet their future husbands, who don’t necessarily tell the truth about how wealthy they are, such that after the wedding the young bride finds that her husband rents a tiny house with six boarders for whom she’s expected to cook and do laundry and, plus, also, he’s abusive, beating her for any reason at all, or none, including when she talks to other men, including when she fails to walk behind this husband on the way to church on Sunday, causing the son of such parents to write, years later, “My father was a very cruel person.” [10]
The mothers of hockey players have an old six-string Spanish guitar they like to play. In 1928, they’re outside chopping wood when they feel the labour pains coming on. Having already given birth five times, they know what to do: drew water from the well, put it on the wood stove to boil, make themselves comfortable in bed. They’ll deliver their boy themselves, cut the umbilical cord, then suffer a serious hemorrhage that’s almost the end of them, but then they get help, just in time. “The strongest woman I have ever known,” is what the son of a mother like that will say, in time. [11]
You were a mistake, hockey mothers will sometimes tell their sons when the sons are grown and playing defence for the Detroit Red Wings, but you were a wonderful mistake. [12] Another thing they’ll say, to adult sons of theirs who weighed ten pounds at birth: it felt as though you arrived fully grown. [13]
Some hockey mothers will name their son after a character remembered from a favourite movie, Old Yeller. [14] They’ll pass on to their sons an inner strength by way of, when they’re in the country sometimes, they’ll pick up a snake, or play with spiders, while never betraying any fear. [15]
The mothers of hockey players are kind and hardworking, and they feed their kids lots of home-baked breads and macaroni for dinner. [16] They teach their boys to knit. [17] They always seem to be sitting in the parlor sewing somebody’s pair of pants, and go to church every morning at 6.30. [18] They wash floors and make gallons of soup, and have their own version, some mothers, of fish and chips that consist of big slices of potato dipped in batter and deep-friend, served with French fries on the side. “We thought we were having fish and chips,” their sons will write in their autobiographies, “but actually they were potatoes with potatoes.” [19]
In 1922, when their sons are budding 19-year-old hockey stars but haven’t yet made it to the NHL where they’ll blossom into one of the league’s first genuine superstars, the mothers of hockey players will, sometimes, tragically, drown in a basement cistern — “ill for some time and her mind unbalanced,” as a Toronto newspaper reports it. [20]
King Clancy’s father was the original King, and while he was a very good football player, he may have been the only person in Ottawa who couldn’t skate a stroke. Not so Dolly Clancy: no-one, said King Jr., could match her grace on the ice, and he learned his skating from her.
Esther Dye (Essie, they called her) was the one who flooded the backyard rink when her Cecil was a boy, on Boswell Avenue in Toronto, got out the sticks, tied her son’s skates on, taught him the game. This was when skates were tied onto shoes; Cecil, of course, was better known as Babe, ace goalscorer and one-time captain of the Toronto St. Patricks. “My mother could throw a baseball right out of the park,” he said. “Or a hammer, or anything at all. She could run the other women right off their feet, and some of the men as well.”
Jeanne Maki’s boys, Chico and Wayne, were playing for Chicago and Vancouver respectively in 1971 when she was asked about their boyhoods. “Wayne used to imitate Foster Hewitt and got on everybody’s nerves,” she said. “Oh, he used to give me a headache, and even the neighbours threatened to kick his rear end.”
Here’s Edith Plager, mother of St. Louis Blues legends Barclay, Bob, and Bill:
They were never really indoors much, except to be in the basement and play hockey there — or sometimes they shot BB guns. Once Billy went off and broke about 50 jars of my preserves with his BB gun, and then another time, oh my, I was peeling potatoes and I started finding BBs in them. He’d been shooting into the bag, ha ha ha. Anyway, they had an understanding mother.
this week in 1957, when hockey debuted on american television: show ’em everything, clarence campbell said
January 6, 2018 April 6, 2019 / puckstruck
Clarence Campbell was in the house: he declared the game a “pretty good show.” If that sounds a little lukewarm, well, maybe we’ll presume that the NHL president was doing his best to spare the feelings of the Chicago Black Hawks, losers on the day to the hometown New York Rangers by a score of 4-1.
January 5, 1957, was the day, a Saturday. The game was a matinee, with a 2 p.m. face-off at New York’s Madison Square Garden. Five years after René Lecavalier narrated the NHL’s first televised game from the Montreal Forum on Radio-Canada, this marked the coast-to-coast broadcast debut for NHL hockey across the United States. Launching a 10-Saturday series of games that CBS cameras would beam across the nation in coming weeks, the Rangers and Black Hawks may not have been the thoroughbreds of the league at the time — New York was skulking only eight points up on basement-bound Chicago. Marshall Dann of The Detroit Free Press wondered in a preview whether these “chronic tailenders” were the best teams with which to try to lure the attention of those potential fans who’d never seen hockey before. “But who will know the difference,” he wrote, “in such way points as Atlanta, New Orleans, Amarillo, Las Vegas, or San Diego?”
CBS estimated that the broadcast could reach as many as 10-million viewers. Sixty-five U.S. stations carried it that day, with another 35 scheduled to join in for future feeds. All of the ’57 TV games, the NHL decided, would be played in the afternoon. League-leading Detroit was scheduled for five appearances in the succeeding weeks, as were Boston and New York, with Chicago showing up four times. (This first broadcast didn’t, notably, play on Chicago TVs.)
Montreal’s Canadiens were traditionally at home on Saturdays, but they would take one network turn south of the border in Boston. “Some one will have to tell the TV watchers that it is a six-team league,” Marshall Dann quipped — the Toronto Maple Leafs figured not at all in that season’s broadcast schedule.
Campbell, for his part, didn’t want anyone mistaking this venture into TV as a cash grab by the clubs. “The amount of money each club will receive,” he said, “is intended to compensate it for changing from night to afternoon. The real value from a hockey standpoint is that we can create an interest in hockey in areas where the game is practically unknown.”
A crowd of 9,853 watched the game live at the Garden. The New York Times’ Joseph Nichols wasn’t as generous as Campbell in his review: he remarked on its lack of speed, action, and heavy bodychecking.
Al Rollins was in goal for Chicago, Gump Worsley for the Rangers. Andy Bathgate opened the scoring for New York with a shorthanded goal. If the second period was dull, Nichols thought he knew the reason: maybe “the skaters were self-conscious because of the television cameras.” (Did they not know about them for the game’s first 20 minutes?) Larry Popein did increase the Rangers’ tally* before the final period came around and the teams relaxed: they were “a little more sprightly,” at least, in the third. The period opened with a goal by Chicago’s Glen Skov before Bruce Cline and Danny Lewicki added to New York’s count.
For the play-by-play, the NHL had angled for Foster Hewitt or (as Milt Dunnell said) a reasonable facsimile thereof. CBS went instead with Bud Palmer, the former New York Knicks’ star who’d moved over to microphones once his basketball career ended. Between periods, Campbell stopped by to chat. The entertainment also included introduction of hockey’s rules and a chalk talk from Rangers’ GM Muzz Patrick.
The following week, the Rangers starred again, beating Detroit 5-4 at the Olympia. That week’s intermission distractions for those watching at home featured a pre-recorded segment with Gordie Howe showing viewers how he shot the puck, and a visit to the Red Wings’ dressing room. George Puscas from the Free Press reported that at the end of the first period, the players, having trooped off the ice, were paused in the corridor for fully two minutes while CBS aired a commercial.
They had to wait, for the script called for the camera to catch them as they entered the locker room chanting how nice they were going out there.
Then, too, things had to be tidied up a bit. Some of the players had hung their underwear on hooks. So their dress slacks were hung on top of the underwear.
It was pretty tame — frankly, it was pretty dull — but that’s the way locker rooms are when you breeze away to a 2-0 lead.
While “the players sipped tea and munched oranges,” Detroit GM Jack Adams defended their docility. “Our locker room is always quiet,” he said. “This is a place for rest and relaxation and that’s what we do here.”
Showman: NHL President Clarence Campbell and friend, in 1957.
Another production note of interest from that first foray onto American airwaves: Campbell apparently instructed the production crew that if a fight broke out on the ice, the cameras shouldn’t shy away. This was “a healthy switch,” one commentator felt, from the pro football playbook. A few weeks earlier, NFL commissioner Bert Bell had explained why he mandated that broadcasters of games from his league should turn their cameras away from the unpleasantness of fights and on-field injuries.
“We are selling our game just as the sponsor is selling his product,” Bell argued, “and that’s the way I instruct the TV people. We are selling football, not fights.”
“Anyway, if there were only one wife or mother of a player viewing the game, I would not want her to suffer while her boy is on the ground. We don’t stress fights because we want to sell good sportsmanship, and not brawls.”
Back in New York in January, Milt Dunnell was on hand to see the spectacle. The reasoning behind Campbell’s laissez-faire approach to televising whatever mayhem might evolve, he said, was “that if the people in the Garden can see it, then there is no reason why it shouldn’t be shown on television screens.”
As it turned, referee Frank Udvari called only minor penalties that day. Dunnell:
There was no blood-letting to shock the millions of new shinny lookers who doubtless had been told that hockey is a tong war which takes place on the ice. The closest thing to head-whacking was a minor flare-up involving Harry Howell and Gerry Foley of the home side, and Glen Skov of the harried Hawks.
As often happened in games involving the Rangers’ goaltender Gump Worsley, the future Hall-of-Famer did go down hard, suffering a — possible? probable? — concussion. As is so much the case in what’s turned into an ongoing accounting of Worsley’s historical head injuries, I don’t have any clinical evidence to go on here, only the anecdotal. Could have been negligible, I guess, but one account had Worsley going down “head first on the pond.” In another he was “felled during the second period when struck on the right side of the head by a stick.”
I don’t know if Bud Palmer was thinking back to Bert Bell’s comments or not. “I’m sure,” he did say, as Worsley was down, “if his wife is watching, it’s nothing serious.”
Worsley did finish the game. To some of those uninitiated seeing the action across the wide open expanses of the continental U.S., he was the star of the show. “He reminded me,” Tom Fox wrote, “of Yogi Berra guarding home plate in Yankee Stadium. Nobody gets by unless he hits a home run.”
Fox was working as he watched, actually. A sports reporter for The New Orleans Item-Tribune, he was one of several correspondents across the nation whose assignment for the afternoon was to watch both TV hockey and those who were watching TV hockey and report on it for Sunday’s paper.
“Ice hockey is more exciting than any other sport I’ve ever witnessed,” was Fox’s verdict.
In Miami, Herald reporter Luther Evans stopped by at several local bars where the game was showing to poll the clientele.
“They talk about jai-alai being fast,” offered June Overpeck, a secretary, “why this hockey is much faster and very interesting.”
“My opinion,” a Miami Beach prosecutor named Wilson McGee testified, “is that TV doesn’t give you the true picture of the game. The camera is following the puck and you miss the most exciting action of the checking.”
LeRoy Henderson, porter: “I’d rather watch Sugar Ray Robinson fighting on TV, even as bad as he’s going.”
* Contemporary newspaper summaries of the game all put Larry Popein’s goal at 14.54 of the second period. In his New York Times account, Joseph Nichols’ note about how dull that middle frame continues: “The highlight of the session was the goal scored by Popein at 14.54, with the help of Bathgate and Harry Howell.” That’s not what the NHL says, though: at NHL.com, the summary has the goal in the first period. After several years of collating, checking, and inputting, official summaries of the league’s 100 years of regular-season games went online back in October. No game-sheets survive from the NHL’s inaugural season in 1917-18, but otherwise the league has the originals on file. A tiny discrepancy, of the minorest possible clerical importance if any at all? Sounds like it needs pursuing. Stay tuned.
(Top image: 1961-62 O-Pee-Chee #65, courtesy of HockeyMedia/The Want List; Clarence Campbell: Chris Lund, Library and Archives Canada/National Film Board fonds/e011176459) | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line673 |
__label__wiki | 0.73128 | 0.73128 | Don’t declare presidential election results, Ghana’s electoral body warns parties
(COMBO/FILES) This combination of file pictures created on December 04, 2020 shows Ghana President, Nana Akufo-Addo (L) attends the fifty-sixth ordinary session of the Economic Community of West African States in Abuja on December 21, 2019, and Ghana's President John Dramani Mahama (R) upon his arrival at the Elysee Palace in Paris, on September 27, 2016. - Ghanaians will go to the polls on December 7, 2020 in a heated contest that will revive old rivalries between incumbent President Nana Akufo-Addo and his predecessor John Mahama. (Photos by Kola SULAIMON and STEPHANE DE SAKUTIN / AFP)
Kayode Oyero
The Electoral Commission Ghana says results of Monday’s presidential election will be released “as soon as they are received”.
The Commission said collation of results is currently ongoing in the country and urged Ghanaians and lovers of the country’s democracy to remain calm and patient.
The Commission in a statement on Tuesday titled, ‘Collation Of Election Results Proceeding Smoothly Across The Country’, also warned party representatives and supporters against declaring any results.
The statement read, “The Electoral Commission informs the general public that the process of collating election results at all the Constituency and Regional Collation Centres is currently ongoing in the presence of political party agents.
“The Commission’s staff and field officers are working round the clock to ensure that the collated results are accurate and a true reflection of the will of the people of Ghana who turned out in their numbers to vote on 7th December, 2020.
“This time around, the Commission, at its National Collation Centre in Accra is only receiving collated presidential election results from 16 regions as opposed to results from 275 constituencies as has been the case in the past.
“As such, we urge the public and stakeholders remain and calm and patient. The Commission will release all certified results as soon as they are received.
“The Commission reminds the public that it remains the sole and legally mandated body to declare presidential election results in Ghana. As such, candidates, their supporters, the media, and the public are urged to desist from declaring presidential election results as this is in contravention of the law and a threat to the peace and stability of our nations.”
At least 12 candidates contested Monday’s election but the vote is essentially a fight between two major candidates.
For the third time on Monday, President Nana Akufo-Addo, who is seeking re-election on the platform of the New Patriotic Party, locked horns with his predecessor, John Mahama of the National Democratic Congress.
In 2012, Mahama narrowly defeated Akufo-Addo with 50.7 per cent of the vote and in 2016, Akufo-Addo beat Mahama with 53.8 per cent.
More than 17 million people registered to vote in the West African nation’s eighth consecutive poll since it returned to democracy decades ago.
According to the electoral umpire, “The winner of the presidential election must obtain not less than 50% +1 of the total valid votes cast i.e. the candidate must obtain more votes than the votes of all other contestants put together.”
presidential election results
The most suitable vaccine for Nigeria, according to experts
Nobody can tell me how to dress as a mother –Uche Ogbodo
Why I don’t kiss in movies –Jimi Odukoya
One doesn’t have to go naked to act romantic roles –Shade Shittu
2Baba, Alade, Abraham, Laycon fete fans in Dining With the Stars | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line674 |
__label__wiki | 0.927468 | 0.927468 | 2020 Queensland Reconciliation Awards
Nominations now OPEN
Businesses, community groups and organisations working to advance reconciliation in Queensland are encouraged to nominate for 2020 Queensland Reconciliation Awards.
Acting Treasurer and Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Partnerships Mick de Brenni said at a time a conversation with Queenslanders around Treaty was underway, it was more important than ever to share a celebrate inspiring stories of reconciliation
“We know the journey to true reconciliation is long path, with many steps left to take, but the prospect of bringing all Queenslanders together will make this journey both rewarding and worthwhile,” Mr de Brenni said.
“As a proud advocate and champion for reconciliation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, the Palaszczuk Government understands that advancing reconciliation involves bringing all Queenslanders on the journey, through acknowledging and respecting the history of our state that stretches back more than 60,000 years.
“Recognising groups and individuals who go above and beyond to foster reconciliation is an important step in building that sense of shared history.
“That’s why we are shining a spotlight on the stories of Queenslanders taking that journey together and honouring those who have demonstrated a commitment to building a more inclusive society.”
In 2019 the Queensland Reconciliation Awards celebrated a variety of ground-breaking initiatives, including a program embedding Aboriginal language in state schools and a music festival attracting tourists to an isolated Queensland community, helping to foster cross-cultural collaboration and breaking down barriers to engagement.
Mr de Brenni said it was inspiring to see the calibre of initiatives acknowledged over the 18-year history of the awards.
“There are so many Queensland businesses and organisations working hard in their communities to prioritise respectful relationships and cross-collaboration between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Queenslanders,” he said.
“I encourage everyone who has an inspirational story to nominate for the awards as we continue to reframe the relationship with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Queenslanders.”
The Awards program offers a total prize pool of $25,000 across five categories—business, community, education, partnership and an overall Premier’s Reconciliation Award.
Nominations close at 5pm, Monday 24 February 2020.
For more information or to submit an online nomination, visit www.qld.gov.au/reconciliation
Minister for Housing and Public Works, Minister for Digital Technology and Minister for Sport
The Honourable Mick de Brenni
The winner of the 2020 Australian Geographic Nature Photographer of the Year | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line675 |
__label__wiki | 0.990041 | 0.990041 | UIC John Marshall Law Review
Home > LAWREVIEW > Vol. 19 > Iss. 1 (2014)
Sadat v. American Motors Corporation: Limiting Consumer Remedies under Magnuson-Moss and the New Car Buyer Protection Act, 19 J. Marshall L. Rev. 163 (1985)
Mark D. Roth
Mark D. Roth, Sadat v. American Motors Corporation: Limiting Consumer Remedies under Magnuson-Moss and the New Car Buyer Protection Act, 19 J. Marshall L. Rev. 163 (1985)
Consumer Protection Law Commons, Litigation Commons
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__label__wiki | 0.999112 | 0.999112 | Entertainment » Culture
And the Grammy Nomination Goes to ... Megan? Harry? Weeknd?
Lady Gaga (Source:Photo by Evan Agostini/Invision/AP)
Rappers and R&B singers tend to be the most-nominated acts at the Grammys thanks to producing their own hits and collaborating with others — sometimes from different genres — giving them a chance to qualify for more nominations than a pop or country singer who worked alone during the eligibility period.
Kendrick Lamar, Kanye West, Beyoncé, Jay-Z and others are proof of this theory, and in a normal year, Megan Thee Stallion would be that rapper who leads in nominations thanks to her hits "Savage" with Beyoncé and "WAP" with Cardi B, along with her successful EP "Suga."
But "WAP" wasn't submitted for nominations this year — what has made sense in 2020?? — and when the Grammy nominations are announced Tuesday, Megan Thee Stallion will be honored, but not like she could have been. Her nominations will likely include record of the year, best rap song and best rap performance for "Savage" and she's a shoo-in for best new artist. Had "WAP" — which became an instant-hit and was praised for its sex positive message — been included, she could have earned nominations for song and record of the year, best rap song, best rap performance and even best music video.
Womp, womp.
Here's a look at what to expect when The Recording Academy announces the 2021 nominees Tuesday, with Roddy Ricch stepping into the leading nominee role that should have been Megan's.
Though Megan Thee Stallion is the front-runner in the best new artist category, she'll have some stiff competition. Others who may earn nominations include Lewis Capaldi, Summer Walker, Morgan Wallen, Doja Cat, BLACKPINK, Ingrid Andress, Snoh Aalegra, Skip Marley, Mickey Guyton and CNCO.
RICCH BOY
Roddy Ricch would easily be a nominee for best new artist, but he can't since he won a Grammy this year.
The 22-year-old star won best rap performance for Nipsey Hussle's "Racks in the Middle," where he appeared as a guest artist alongside Hit-Boy.
But Ricch, who topped the pop charts with "The Box" this year and has reached double platinum status with his debut album "Please Excuse Me for Being Antisocial," will likely earn nominations like album of the year, record of the year, song of the year, best rap song, best rap performance and best rap album.
Ricch should also earn nominations for his guest appearance on DaBaby's international hit "Rock Star," helping him become the show's overall top nominee.
FOLKS LOVE FOLKLORE
Taylor Swift's last two albums, "Lover" and "reputation," didn't earn nominations for album of the year. Things will change this year.
"Folklore" is likely to compete for the top prize, and gives the singer a chance to be the first act to win album of the year three times after doing so with "1989" and "Fearless."
Swift will likely earn a song of the year nod for "Cardigan" and could even compete in other genre categories outside of pop since her album has sounds from folk to alternative, though those genre committees may block her from competing in their categories so that lesser-known musicians have a stronger chance of winning.
WEEKND AT HARRY'S
Leading pop it boy Harry Styles will become the first One Direction member to compete at the Grammys, thanks to the success of his second solo album and the smash hit, "Watermelon Sugar."
Styles is expected to earn nominations like album of the year and best pop vocal album for "Fine Line," while his No. 1 hit will earn nods for record of the year, song of the year and best pop solo performance.
The Weeknd, the owner of three Grammys, will score nominations for album of the year with "After Hours" as well as song and record of the year for "Blinding Lights," which is spending its 39th week in the Top 10 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart and its 35th week at No. 1 on the R&B charts. The Weeknd could compete with Roddy Ricch for the top nominee title since he will also vie for pop and R&B awards, and maybe even best music video.
OTHER TOP ALBUM NOMINEES
Others who may score nominations for album of the year are Fiona Apple's "Fetch the Bolt Cutters," Tame Impala's "The Slow Rush" and Luke Combs' "What You See Is What You Get." Since there are eight slots, Lady Gaga's "Chromatica" and "Future Nostalgia" by Dua Lipa — who won two Grammys in 2019 including best new artist — could join the club of nominees.
GRANDE's GRAMMYS
While Ariana Grande's "Positions" album and single will compete at the 2022 Grammys, she could earn nominations for her collaborations with Lady Gaga ("Rain on Me") and Justin Bieber ("Stuck With U"). The duets will likely compete for best pop duo/group performance but could even earn nominations for record or song of the year.
SAYING NO TO "SAY SO"?
Though she's a controversial figure in music, it's hard to deny rapper-singer Doja Cat's successful year. She topped the charts with "Say So," launched another platinum success with "Like That" and has been the go-to performer to guest star on songs, appearing on tracks this year by The Weeknd, Ariana Grande, Lil Wayne, City Girls, Anne-Marie, Chloe x Halle and more. She's also earned multiple nominations at all the major music awards show, including the BET Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, American Music Awards and Billboard Music Awards.
"Say So" will likely earn a nomination for best pop solo performance and help Doja Cat pick up a best new artist bid, but nominations for song and record of the year may be tricky. If "Say So" is nominated in the top categories, it would give a nomination to Dr. Luke, who co-wrote and produced the song and has been in a yearslong legal battle with Kesha, who accused him of sexual assault during their partnership. Dr. Luke has vigorously denied the allegations and he was last nominated at the 2014 Grammys.
Dr. Luke's return to the top of the charts this year would make him a candidate for non-classical producer of the year, though the academy may block that from happening. Apart from producing Doja Cat's hits, he produced major hits for Juice WRLD ("Wishing Well") and Saweetie ("Tap In") and also worked on DaBaby and Lil Wayne's recent albums.
BTS, who finally launched their first No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 chart this year after years of Top 40 successes, could finally earn their first Grammy nomination this year.
The seven-member group's hit "Dynamite" could snag a nomination for best pop duo/group performance, and their latest album could compete for best global music album.
BLACKPINK, who released their successful debut album during Grammy voting, could earn a best new artist nomination — which would make up for the academy's years-late recognition of the K-pop sound and its all-star players.
AWARD-WINNING BLUE IVY
Beyoncé and Jay-Z's daughter has already won honors at the BET Awards, Soul Train Music Awards and NAACP Image Awards, but she could earn her first Grammy nomination this year.
Blue Ivy won the awards for her appearance on Beyoncé's hit "Brown Skin Girl." The song appeared on the album "The Lion King: The Gift," which competed at the 2020 Grammys, but this year the song's music video was released as part of Beyoncé's "Black Is King" special on Disney+, and it could earn a nomination for best music video.
And "Black Is King" will compete for best music film, an award Beyoncé won earlier this year for her "Homecoming" concert special.
POSTHUMOUS PLAYERS
Juice WRLD died before his "Legends Never Die" album was released, but it has dominated the pop charts and could earn the late rapper Grammy nominations. Pop Smoke, who died this year, has also had major success on the charts and streaming services with his debut "Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon," and the academy may recognize that.
R&BEAST
In just two short years, Summer Walker has launched 13 Top 10 hits on the Billboard R&B songs chart. And she'll be honored at the Grammys for her breakthrough.
She should dominate with multiple nominations in the R&B categories thanks to the success of her debut album "Over It." She should compete for best new artist, and if the Grammys don't act up, she should get bids for album of the year as well as song and record of the year.
Others sure to garner R&B nominations — and major ones — include Teyana Taylor, Jhene Aiko, Chloe x Halle, Brandy and JoJo.
COMBS' COUNTRY
Luke Combs dominated the country music charts and streaming services, and he should score nominations in the top three categories as well as bids for best country song, best country performance and best country album, where competition may include the Chicks, Lucinda Williams and Ingrid Andress.
Maren Morris should also fare well in the country categories with "The Bones," which will likely compete for song and record of the year. Gabby Barrett, whose country hit "I Hope" is currently No. 3 on pop charts, should earn a nomination for best country performance and best country song.
Dan + Shay are likely to earn nominations, too, and could help Justin Bieber earn his first nod in the country genre thanks to their smash duet "10,000 Hours."
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__label__cc | 0.583956 | 0.416044 | YOUR help needed NOW to help save the copper landlines in NZ’s towns and cities
by Editor | Sep 28, 2018 | News |
Please take action TODAY against the Telecommunications (New Regulatory Framework) Bill which has passed its second reading.
Save Our Landlines NZ’s position is that the bill should be withdrawn and redrafted so that it PROTECTS NZers access to the copper phone line network.
According to the new Minister of Broadcasting, Communications and Digital Media, the Hon. Kris Faafoi, the copper landlines in rural NZ are safe, but the copper landlines system in NZ towns and cities are still threatened by the Telecommunications (New Regulatory Framework) Amendment Bill.
The Save Our Landlines NZ campaign therefore asks all supporters to lobby MPs and party leaders against the bill by taking the following steps:
1. Visiting party leader’s FB pages and leaving polite messages and/or comments asking them to withdraw their party’s support for the bill unless the bill is reformed to protect NZer’s access to the copper phone system. (Details of FB pages and suggested messages are below.)
2. Emailing party leaders and your local MP with a polite email asking them to withdraw their party’s support for the bill unless the bill is reformed to protect NZer’s access to the copper phone system. (Details of how to access email addresses and a template letter you can adapt for your own use are below.)
Details for Facebook pages for NZ party leaders:
https://www.facebook.com/jacindaardern/
https://www.facebook.com/winstonpeters/
https://www.facebook.com/JamesShawMP/
https://www.facebook.com/maramadavidsonmp/
https://www.facebook.com/simonjbridges/
Suggested information you can use when sending a FB message or leaving a comment:
1) The copper landline phone network allows people to have a safe corded phone and hardwired internet access.
2) Corded copper landline phones will usually work when a house has lost power so are important in emergencies.
3) Removal of copper was opposed by the vast majority of NZers who made submissions on the bill; it is undemocratic for the government to have essentially ignored this feedback.
4) Keeping the copper supports consumer choice and frees up the fibre bandwidth for those people and businesses that actually need really fast internet.
5) Spark wants to move low data internet customers to fixed wireless broadband (and deny them access to fibre – https://www.computerworld.co.nz/…/spark-abandon-copper-fib…/ ) even though this would mean further proliferation of cellular phone towers. and increased health risks including potentially increased risk of cancer (see: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741680 ) for people living close to this infrastructure.
Thank you for your support on this issue.
NB: If you have time, please make multiple postings of individual points on the comments on Facebook pages that allow members of the public to do this. Doing so will increase the visibility of this topic to leaders’ staff and also alert other New Zealanders about the implications of this bill which has had little mainstream media coverage.
Information to help you email MPs and party leaders
You will be able to find email addresses for New Zealand MPs at this link: http://haveyoursay.nz/#/
Could you please email your local MP and also email our Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, Deputy Prime Minister Winston Peters, leaders of the Green Party Marama Davidson and James Shaw and the leader of the National Party Simon Bridges and ask them to withdraw their party’s support for the Telecommunications (New Regulatory Framework) Bill unless it is reformed to PROTECT NZers access to the copper landline phone system.
You will be able to find email addresses at this link: http://haveyoursay.nz/#/
If you would like a template letter that you could adapt for your own use, you could use the one at this link:
A vote for the Telecommunications (New Regulatory Framework) Amendment Bill is a vote for the destruction of much of NZ’s copper landline phone system
Thank you very much for your support on this issue.
Your voice in defence of New Zealand’s copper landline network and your taking the time to help educate others about the importance of this important national infrastructure would be most appreciated.
If you would like to help with the campaign you may contact us via our COntact Form which you can reach by clicking HERE.
If you would like to sign a petition to show your support for saving NZ’s copper landline phone system, you can access a petition at the link below: https://saveourlandlines.nz/news/save-our-landlines-nz-launches-petition/
We have a Facebook page that you are welcome to life and follow it is https://www.facebook.com/Save-Our-Landlines-NZ-1626155717464225/
The Commerce Commission Wants Feedback on 111 Access
Please report any instances of telcos refusing to connect copper landline phone or internet services
Why it may not be such a good idea to take up the offer of a wireless “landline” phone system | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line688 |
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__label__wiki | 0.74933 | 0.74933 | A joined up and supportive community
The Easter Bush Campus acts as a hub of activity bringing together partners and other stakeholders within the region and beyond.
Science partners
The Roslin Institute is a world class research centre and undertakes basic and translational science to tackle some of the most pressing issues in animal health and welfare, their implications for human health and for the role of animals in the food chain.
In 2007, The Roslin Institute merged with the University of Edinburgh to become the research arm of the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. In 2011, the Institute moved into a new £60.6 million building on the Easter Bush Campus.
The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies is a world leader in veterinary education, research, and clinical practice and aims to make a real difference through research, directly relevant to the improvement of health and welfare of domestic animal species and the protection of public health.
It was decided to move all teaching and learning activities to a new site at Easter Bush, where the School had already opened a Veterinary Field Station, consisting of the Hospital for Small Animals, Farm Animal Teaching Hospital, and several related practices.
The Dick Vet Teaching Building opened in 2011 and is located next to the Hospital for Small Animals and includes lecture theatres, a library, seminar rooms, teaching and research laboratories and diagnostic facilities.
Besides the obvious benefits of placing the School in immediately proximity to its training hospitals, the move permits it to train many more veterinary professionals and support new ways of learning through the development of new teaching areas and resources.
SCOTLAND’S RURAL COLLEGE (SRUC)
Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC) has six campuses and delivers education, research and consultancy services in support of agriculture and the rural sector.
The main SRUC research is based at The Roslin Institute and its themes are:
Future Farming Systems
Crop and Soil Science
Land Economy and the Environment
Animal and Veterinary Science
The SRUC employs over 100 researchers and has around £20 million in annual research income.
The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is the sixth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland’s ancient universities and regarded as one of the most prestigious in the world.
Edinburgh’s position as one of Britain’s leading research universities has been reaffirmed by the results of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF), which also placed the University as Scotland’s top-ranked research institution.
The University of Edinburgh is consistently ranked as one of the world’s top 50 universities. In 2015, the University was ranked 21st in the world in the QS World University Rankings. It is a member of both the Russell Group, and the League of European Research Universities.
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) invests in world-class bioscience research and training on behalf of the UK public. Their aim is to further scientific knowledge, to promote economic growth, wealth and job creation and to improve quality of life in the UK and beyond.
Funded by UK Government, and with an annual budget of £509 million (2014 - 2015), the BBSRC support research and training in universities and strategically funded institutes.
The Roslin Institute receives strategic funding from the BBSRC for its research that underpins key sectors of the UK economy such as agriculture, bioenergy, biotechnology, food and drink and pharmaceuticals.
The devolved government for Scotland has a range of responsibilities whilst some powers are reserved to the UK government.
Science, technology and innovation are essential in increasing competitiveness and improving Scotland's economic performance in today's knowledge-based economy.
They are key drivers of Scotland's future economic success and quality of life and an important part of developing robust, evidence based policy across all of the Government's responsibilities.
The role of the Chief Scientific Adviser for Scotland is to provide strong leadership on science in the Scottish Government; to further enhance Scotland's reputation as a science nation and to provide independent advice on science.
Midlothian Council is a committed partner in the development of the Easter Bush Campus. The collective vision of an Easter Bush Campus is strongly supported by strong local partnership with Midlothian Council through the formation of the Easter Bush Development Board (EBDB).
The overall Masterplan has been approved and supported by the local Council and the Campus represents a strong part of the economic recovery plan for the local area.
The Council itself has an Animal Bioscience Sector Action Plan and has commissioned the Bush Framework Masterplan, in recognition of the need for a Campus Hub within the overall Campus.
This is a two-way partnership and Easer Bush have supported the Council's £1.5 million bid to Government for local road infrastructure.
Download Animal Biosciences Sector Action Plan
EASTER BUSH RESEARCH CONSORTIUM (EBRC)
Together with the Moredun Research Institute, located on the nearby Pentlands Science Park, these institutes form the Easter Bush Research Consortium (EBRC) which is one of the largest animal health research groups in the world working on the biology of companion and production animals with over 800 active scientists housed in state-of-the art facilities.
The EBRC undertakes basic and translational science to tackle pressing issues in animal genetics and genomics, development, health and welfare and their implications for human health.
ROSLIN TECHNOLOGIES
Roslin Technologies Ltd offers one of the world’s largest investment opportunities in research projects aimed at improving animal health and increasing agricultural productivity.
The University of Edinburgh has partnered with private equity advisor JB Equity, who are raising an initial £15 million to support the venture.
Roslin Technologies will offer opportunities for investors looking to capitalise on the growing demand for food and agricultural products.
“The co-location of Roslin Technologies in the new Roslin Innovation Centre, currently under construction on the Easter Bush Campus, will provide unprecedented opportunities for researchers to access business and commercialisation expertise as well as funding.”
Hugh Edmiston, Director of Corporate Services at the University of Edinburgh | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line692 |
__label__cc | 0.625649 | 0.374351 | “Living as a woman” – MPs take on the Real Life Test
I’m currently writing up a section of my thesis that describes trans people’s experiences of navigating the public health system in the UK. A large part of this is related to the “real life test”, a stage of treatment which patients are required to live for a period of time in their “acquired gender” in order to demonstrate that they are suitable candidates for hormone therapy and/or surgery.
This requirement (which, incidentally was absent from the latest version of the international World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care) has a lot of issues. These include the prioritisation of cisnormative standards, little-to-no recognition of non-binary identities, white-centric cultural insensitivity, and the frequent demand that patients hold down “an occupation” as part of the test (particularly pernicious in a time of high unemployment).
It was therefore very interesting to see MPs questioning the idea of the real life test during the fourth and final session of the UK Parliament Women & Equalities Committee’s inquiry into transgender equality earlier this week. The conversation, in which MPs quizzed Ministers and NHS England representative Will Huxter, went as follows:
Jess Phillips MP:
“I think I’d like to go back again to this idea of living in one gender identity: I wonder if you can tell me – clinically – what ‘living like a woman’ – or alternatively, man – actually means?”
Will Huxter:
“I’m not a clinician I can’t tell you what that’s – ”
“Do you think that there is a clinical way to live as a woman? Or a man?”
“The point I am making is that we are guided by specialists who work in this area, the clinical consensus among gender identity specialists about how services should operate. We are absolutely open to looking at how that might change, but I’m not in a position to make a change to the way in which those services are commissioned without having gone through a clinical process”.
Maria Miller MP:
“Mr Huxter, sorry, I think we’re going to have to press you on that. Is – this is just factual, we have read that people have to ‘live like a woman’ or ‘live like a man’, we as a committee have struggled to know what that looks like in a day and age where men and women live in very similar ways. What do you – factually – what does that mean?”
“Well in terms of what is required by the clinic I’d be very happy to provide some details from clinical colleagues after this because it’s not – I don’t deliver the services nor am I a clinician. I feel I could give a better representation to the committee if I provided that outside.”
“Is the Minister comfortable with the fact that the government requires this information to be available, or that individuals have to live ‘like a man’ or ‘live like a woman’ in order to be able to change their identity?”
Jane Ellison MP:
“Well, I mean, put as you put it to us, I mean obviously you know it gives cause for concern in a sense that, you know, who wouldn’t have sympathy for someone put in that situation etc , clearly the committee has heard I know some really difficult evidence and I quite understand why you wish to reflect that. I mean I think that as Will has said you know there is actually currently a review going on anyway about this very issue, which is essentially about looking at the current guidelines, about understanding that represents current better practice, about giving some challenge to that. There are a number of – compared to even five years ago – there wasn’t a mechanism for the NHS to receive that sort of, you know, feedback from critical friends or otherwise. Those now exist, the transgender network has been set up, the various stakeholder groups that are, you know, really locked into the process. So I think what I’m saying is I don’t think there is ever, you know, clinical understanding of situations is rarely completely frozen in time, I mean this one particularly isn’t, because for a lot of people this is a very new speciality, and therefore I would imagine over the next ten years for example, the next few years, you will see an evolution. And that process is underway, which is exactly why the NHS is consulting and is looking at, particularly at its clinical, you know, specification. That process is actually going on at the moment and, as Will has said, very open to the committee’s recommendations being fed into that. But I know I’m not a clinician too, and I know from other areas of my portfolio perhaps better than this one because I’ve been doing it longer, I do know that you do need to test. Because once you commission to a standard, once you’ve got that, you know you do, you need to make sure you’ve tested your views, and that you actually capture a clinical consensus, because that’s the only way you can move forward. But that consensus will evolve.”
“Okay, I just – from the Minister – just, I suppose, what I’m looking to hear, is that you recognise that there is not a single list of attributes that represents what it is to be a woman and/or a man; and therefore, there cannot be a clinical list of things that a person can be told to do by a doctor in order to tick those boxes. Do you recognise that fact?”
“Well I understand what you’re saying and I think that it would be very helpful if we – subsequent to this hearing – write to the committee with some – with an example from a clinician operating in the field as to what they would mean by that, because obviously you know people are sitting down with individual people and saying, you know, requiring them to do that and they must have an idea of what that requirement is, what that looks like. So I think we should ask the question of clinicians and supply the committee with some, perhaps some examples, obviously anonymised, of where that’s already happening in clinical practice, and what that looks like.”
You can watch the footage here.
All of this is relevant to the law – in addition to clinical practice – because of the current functioning of the Gender Recognition Act. In order to gain “full” legal recognition as female or male (non-binary options aren’t available) people who have transitioned are required to apply for a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC). In addition to £140, a whole load of paperwork and scrutiny from the national Gender Recognition Panel (no, really), individuals wishing to acquire a GRC need clinical approval. It’s no wonder that many trans people simply refuse to play along, leading to consequences such as the Tara Hudson case.
As it turns out, there is an answer to be found in the clinical literature. Charing Cross GIC clinical lead James Barrett has the following to say on the subject of the real life test in his book, Transsexual and Other Disorders of Gender Identity: A Practical Guide to Management:
“The question immediately arises of what constitutes ‘success’ in a chosen gender role. In essence, ‘success’ amounts to occupation, sexual, relationship and psychological stability. Of these, the first can be measured by whether or not the patient can manage to hold down a full-time (or equivalent part-time occupation in the chosen role for a year, in the course of the real life experience […] ‘Success’ in an occupation is achieved if the patient is treated by most others as if they are of the assumed sex. It is not necessarily that those around the patient believe that they are that sex […] Rather than being believed to be the assumed sex, the goal should be taken as an treated as that sex.”
“Some patients fiercely maintain that they do not care what others think of them, and that their own conviction of their gender is what matters. This position is at odds with the philosophy of a real life experience and if followed seems not to be predictive of a good longer-term outcome.”
Barrett further qualifies that “success cannot occur within a “purely transvestite or transsexual environment”, because “others may be supranormally accepting”.
So there you have it: “living as a woman” or “living as a man” means being taken as such within a cis environment. A very postmodern basis for clinical excellence!
Posted in Health, NHS | Tagged Charing Cross, cisnormativity, consultation, NHS, non-binary identities, Parliament, Real Life Test, sexism, standards of care, Women & Equalities Committee | 1 Comment
No, I will not help Sundog make a documentary on trans “regret”
This afternoon I received an unsolicited email in my work account from an employee of Sundog Pictures. An excerpt follows:
I’m currently working on an idea alongside Channel 4 following transgender individuals who have come to regret their sex changes and are keen to undergo further treatment / operations to reverse the change. The doc will be insightful and sensitive and will look at the way in which transgender individuals are treated in society and whether the process before someone is permitted an operation is robust enough.
I’m currently looking for real life cases to include in my pitch document and was wondering whether you might be able to recommend people I could speak to, or places I could contact to find individuals who are currently thinking about a reverse sex change. Any help would be really appreciated.
Given the email account used, I feel that I can safely assume that I was contacted because of my academic work, which looks at discourses of trans healthcare provision. Sundog seem to hope that I will (without compensation) draw upon my community contacts and research findings to recommend participants for their television programme.
I couldn’t think of anything more inappropriate.
There’s a lot to be said about research ethics and a duty of care towards participants, but plenty has been written about that elsewhere (the BSA Statement of Ethical Practice offers a decent broad overview). So in this post I focus on the huge problems that come with the proposed topic of the documentary: that of trans “regret”.
The mainstream media take an undue interest in trans “regret”. It’s very easy to come across such stories on daytime television and in both tabloid and broadsheet newspapers. The popularity and frequency of such stories suggests that it’s not too unusual for people who have undertaken a physical transition from male to female, or from female to male, to consider or undertake a “reverse sex change”.
In reality, research has shown time and time again that the actual rate of regret is extremely low. For instance, only 2% of respondents in the Trans Mental Health Study (the second-largest trans study undertaken in the UK) reported “major regrets” about the physical changes experienced during transition. Reported regrets from participants included:
“…not having the body that they wanted from birth, not transitioning sooner/earlier, surgery complications (especially loss of sensitivity), choice of surgeon (if surgery required revisions and repairs), losing friends and family, and the impact of transition on others.”
It’s clear therefore that “regret”, when it occurs, is likely to stem from societal and surgical issues rather than the process of physical transition in and of itself. The Trans Mental Health Study also demonstrates a clear link between physical transition and wellbeing in terms of mental health, body confidence and general life satisfaction.
With so few trans people regretting physical transition – and even less considering some kind of “de-transition” – it’s no surprise that sometimes the same individuals are trotted out time and time again to re-affirm a discourse of regret.
What’s missing from this story?
It’s pretty clear from the email I received that that the author has not done their research. Given the existence of organisations such as Trans Media Watch and All About Trans who are entirely keen to offer advice, this does not exactly inspire confidence.
For a start, transition is conflated with “sex change”, a term that is not only most frequently associated with transphobic tabloid headlines, but is also broadly meaningless. At what point can we talk about a “sex change”? When an individual undertakes hormone therapy? Chest surgery? Genital surgery? What about individuals who transition socially, but only undergo some (or even none!) of these processes? It’s not the kind of language that suggest an “insightful and sensitive” documentary can be made.
There’s a couple of more fundamental mistakes in the proposal, however. The first is the question of “whether the process before someone is permitted an operation is robust enough”. My own initial research findings suggest that if anything, the process in question is too robust – in that patients requiring surgery are typically required to wait many years before treatment is available.
The World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care require patients to undergo at least 12 months of hormone therapy prior to genital surgery. In reality, patients in England and Wales face a substantial waiting list (sometimes lasting years) before they are able to attend an NHS Gender Clinic, where two separate clinicians are required to approve a regime of hormone therapy before it can be undertaken. An additional two opinions are needed at a later date before a referral for genital surgery can take place. There are many, many opportunities and a great deal of time for patients to consider and re-consider their option – and that’s even before we take into account the horrific scale of the current crisis in surgery provision for trans women.
The current system is not constructed to facilitate transition so much as prevent the very possibility of regret. The result is increased suffering – in terms of the mental and physical health impact upon individuals who are forced to wait many years for hormones and surgery, whilst fearing (sometimes with good reason) that they will be denied treatment on spurious grounds. It’s no surprise that the Trans Mental Health Study found that “not transitioning sooner/earlier” is a major cause of “regret”, as individuals who have waited until breaking point to transition soon discover that there is still a long, long road ahead of them.
The second fundamental problem with Sundog’s proposal is their idea that trans people who aren’t too happy with their transition might be “keen to undergo further treatment / operations to reverse the change”. This is a very binaristic notion that both stems from and reinforces the notion that transition is a one-way process, from one (binary) gender to the other. In reality, there are many people for whom transition is a complex, ongoing process. For instance, an individual who initially transitions from male to female might later feel that their identity is better understood as genderqueer, and may allow or pursue further physical changes to reflect this.
The wider political context
Given the tiny proportion of trans people who “regret” transition and the realities of service provision, the choice of a documentary about the subject appears at best to be somewhat misguided. However, the impact of insensitive coverage on this topic is such that I believe that I believe this documentary could be actively harmful, particularly as Sundog’s email asks “whether the process before someone is permitted an operation is robust enough”.
This is in part because the way in which discourses of regret are handled makes it harder for trans people to get treatment. Gender clinics in the UK require urgent intervention to make life easier for individuals who transition, not harder. Media hysteria over the possibility of regret reinforces the current system’s approach, which is to require people to demonstrate over and over again that they are trans before there is any hope of treatment.
But it’s also because discourses of regret are employed by those who campaign against trans liberation, including conservative commentators and anti-trans radical feminists who would deny funding for transition on the NHS altogether. Writers such as Julie Bindel are all too keen to use any example of individual regret to argue that transition is unnecessary mutilation, undertaken by sad, sick individuals who might have done otherwise if only they’d been given the option of, say, some form of reparative therapy.
The focus on the medical process is therefore politically loaded. Yes, some people do de-transition, and their stories are important and of worth. But these stories have yet to be told by the mainstream media in a non-sensationalised manner, in a way that doesn’t reinforce (intentionally or otherwise) a pernicious anti-trans agenda. Sundog’s proposal appears to feed right into this agenda.
This proposed documentary should not be regarded as a curiosity piece taking place in a cultural vacuum. It draws upon and will contribute to damaging and inaccurate tropes about transition. Ill-informed media accounts ultimately play a part in creating and maintaining a situation where “regret” frequently stems from the responses of friends and family, delays to transition and other negative experiences that come with transitioning in a transphobic society.
I hope therefore that any future attempts to examine trans health issues in this way will involve better research into the topic at the initial stages, and a greater sensitivity to both the personal and political consequences of exposing trans lives to media scrutiny.
Posted in Media, NHS | Tagged Channel 4, media coverage, NHS, regret, Sundog Pictures, transgender, transition, transphobia, transsexual, TV, you're doing it wrong | 29 Comments
Putting the “T” into Stonewall? An important opportunity
LGB rights charity Stonewall has a difficult history of engagement with trans issues. For 25 years the charity has been a powerful voice in the struggle for LGB equality, but ‘trans’ is not included in its remit within England and Wales. Stonewall has been criticised on one hand for this omission at a time when a majority of ‘LGB’ organisations have become ‘LGBT’, and accused on the other of undue interference in trans matters.
After years of misunderstandings and disagreement, Stonewall announced in June that it would be addressing these problems:
“At Stonewall we’re determined to do more to support trans communities (including those who identify as LGB) to help eradicate prejudice and achieve equality. There are lots of different views about the role Stonewall should play in achieving that. We’re holding roundtable meetings and having lots of conversations. Throughout this process we will be guided by trans people.”
I have been invited to a closed meeting that will take place as part of this process at the end of August.
I really welcome the proposal from Stonewall. In this post I’m going to explore why this dialogue is important, outline some of the proposed approaches to working with Stonewall (or not), and outline my priorities in discussing this issue with both Stonewall and other trans activists.
I also encourage readers to leave their own thoughts and feedback in the comments.
The current situation for trans people in England and Wales
I don’t feel it is an exaggeration to describe the current social and political climate as an emergency. Whilst it is true that trans people in the UK currently benefit from unprecedented civil rights, and there is talk of a “transgender tipping point” in terms of public discourse in the English-speaking world, many trans people still face very serious challenges in everyday life.
For instance, trans people are still likely to face discrimination, harassment and abuse in accessing medical services, as demonstrated in horrific detail by #transdocfail. Trans people are particularly likely to suffer from mental health problems, and this is often made worse by members of the medical profession.
For many years now there has been an exponential rise in the number of trans people accessing transition-related services; with cuts and freezes to healthcare spending from 2010, this has meant that many individuals now have to wait years for an initial appointment at at gender clinic. This problem has been compounded for trans women seeking genital surgery by the additional backlogs accompanying the recent resignation of surgeon James Bellringer.
Meanwhile, the impact of the Coalition government’s austerity agenda is being felt particularly keenly by less privileged trans people. With many continuing to face aforementioned mental health problem and discrimination from employers, benefit cuts and the increasing precariousness of employment and public demonisation of the unemployed are hitting hard amongst my contacts (some discussion of this in a wider LGBT context can be found here). Cuts to public services are also felt strongly by groups such as the disproportionate number of trans people who face domestic abuse.
Then there’s what we don’t know. For instance, research in the United States shows that young trans people are particularly likely to be homeless, and that trans women are considerably more liable to contract HIV than the general population. Both anecdotal evidence and extrapolation from international statistics and small local studies pointing to similar problems existing in the UK, but this is not enough evidence to properly address these serious issues.
I believe that trans people need a campaigning organisation that is up to the task of tackling the above problems. A campaigning organisation with the funding, resources and knowledge to lobby government, conduct research and push for social change.
Currently we rely on the energies of unpaid activists and ad-hoc organisations that are lucky to attract any kind of funding. The importance and achievements of organisations such as Press For Change and Trans Media Watch should not be underestimated, but this is not enough. Whilst Stonewall attracts millions of pounds in funding and wields an impressive range of resources, trans groups staffed largely by enthusiastic volunteers are lucky to land a few hundred pounds in donations, or a temporary project grant. You can probably count the number of trans activists employed to push for change in this country on your fingers.
Under such circumstances, stress and burnout are common amongst trans activists, even expected. Personality clashes are capable of sinking an organisation. The individuals most able to work long hours for free are typically the most privileged, meaning that there is poor representation in terms of race, disability and class.
We have to do better. We need to do better.
Solution 1: a new trans organisation
There will be those who wish to pursue the creation of a new trans organisation entirely separate from Stonewall. From this perspective, a dialogue with Stonewall offers the opportunity to discuss instances where the charity might have overstepped the mark in speaking out in relation to trans issues without this being within their remit. Beyond that, there will probably be a desire to ‘go it alone’.
For some, this will be because of Stonewall’s non-democratic structure (it is not intended to be a membership organisation), corporate links, and past disappointments such as the organisation’s initial refusal to campaign for same-sex marriage.
For others, this will be because of the view that the ‘T’ should remain independent of ‘LGB’. This position can be based upon the argument that the interests and needs of trans people differ to those of lesbian, gay and bisexual people, and/or a recognition that the trans liberation project is significantly less advanced than the LGB equivalent. From this also comes the idea that cis gay activists might not be able to properly campaign on trans issues.
There have been numerous attempts to create such an organisation over the last decade (one of which I was involved in, through Gender Spectrum UK) but none have been successful. I propose that one of the most serious barriers here is that of funding: there is so much work to be done and so many problems that individual activists are likely to face in their personal lives, that it has been extremely difficult for unpaid activists to put in the work necessary to launch such a body.
Solution 2: adding the ‘T’ to Stonewall
It has long been suggested that Stonewall should follow other LGBT organisations in becoming trans-inclusive. The arguments frequently centre upon an appeal to history, and the similarities of LGBT experiences.
The Pride movement emerged out of alliances forged between sexual minorities and gender variant people; this happened in part because homophobic and transphobic attitudes tend to stem from the same bigotry. Trans people have always been present in the struggle for gay and bisexual rights. Pretty much all LGBT people can talk about ‘coming out’, usually to family as well as friends, peers and/or colleagues. LGBT people often have to tackle internalised shame at some point in their lives, an inevitable outcome of growing up in a homophobic/transphobic world.
Moreover, with a great deal of organisations turning to Stonewall for LGBT equality advice and training, it has been argued that it only makes sense to explicitly incorporate trans issues, lest trans people get left behind. For instance, Stonewall does a lot of work on homophobic bullying in schools – surely it would make sense to also address transphobic bullying, particularly as the two tend to have a similar root cause?
Solution 3: a hybrid organisation
An idea I’ve heard bounced around a little ahead of August’s meeting is a kind of compromise between the two above positions. A trans charity that is linked to Stonewall in terms of sharing resources, information and funding, but remains semi-autonomous with its own leadership and trustees.
This is currently my favoured option. I feel that trans people would benefit greatly from effectively sharing some of Stonewall’s power. We’d certainly benefit from working more consistently together, instead of occasionally against one another. But we have different needs, different priorities. We might want to run our own organisation in a different way, and make somewhat different political decisions.
My priorities in the dialogue with Stonewall
1) Representation
I was actually a little bit uncomfortable to be invited to the meeting in August. Sure, I’ve been involved in plenty of both high-profile, national campaigns, as well bits of activism in my local area and place of work. Plus, a lot of people read this blog. But ultimately, I received an invitation because I have the right connections. So many didn’t get that chance. I also strongly suspect that the majority of people present at the meeting will be white and middle-class, and that there will not be many genderqueer people present (I’m less sure about disability, because there are a lot of disabled trans people).
I’m hoping that any future meetings will be more open. If it turns out that my suspicions are correct regarding the overrepresentation of privileged groups, I hope that we can take steps to ensure that any future meetings are more representative. It’s the only way we’re going to find a way to create consensus and work on the behalf of all trans people in the long term.
If you’re not going to be at the meeting, I strongly encourage you to respond to Stonewall’s survey so your voice is heard. Also, since I’ll be there in person, I’d really like to know what you think.
2) The creation of a new trans organisation
I’ve pretty much made the argument for this already. We need national representation that can genuinely address the many problems faced by trans people today. A democratically accountable body that reflects diversity of trans lives and experiences.
I hope this is something we can work towards by working with Stonewall. Yes, there will be political differences – certainly I have ideological objections to some of the approaches taken by Stonewall – but I feel the situation is too severe and the opportunity too important to reject an offer of help.
That isn’t to say that a new organisation should overrule the work of existing organisations. I would hope that any new body works alongside existing campaign groups such as Trans Media Watch, Gendered Intelligence and Action For Trans Health without seeking to duplicate their work.
3) Starting with the essentials
I believe that the initial basis for any new trans organisation – or trans campaigns within Stonewall – should be addressing the absolute, basic needs that are not currently being met for many trans people. Housing. Health. Employment. We should be looking out for the most vulnerable, as well as addressing universal needs. This is pretty much a moral duty.
What do you think? Please share your thoughts and ideas in the comments!
Posted in Activism, Trans Community | Tagged #transdocfail, activism, Bellringer, cuts, equality, future, gender clinics, health, NHS, representation, Stonewall, transgender tipping point, unemployment, waiting lists | 8 Comments
Scottish protocol for Gender Services (largely) adopted in England
It appears that much of the widely-lauded NHS Scotland Gender Reassignment Protocol will be adopted in England from 1st June 2013.
This will be a temporary measure, taken as the result of “inconclusive feedback through the consultation exercise on specifications and policies” for the English Protocol. Last year, the draft English Protocol was criticised by many trans people for failing to live up to the progressive standard set by the Scottish Protocol. I wrote about this here.
This information comes from a letter written to stakeholders in the Gender Identity Services Clinical Reference Group.
What will this mean for English patients in the short term?
As the Scottish Transgender Alliance noted in July 2012, the Scottish Protocol “is not perfect but it is an important step forward for trans people in Scotland“. It incorporates a number of clauses that ensure relatively swift access to services (including hormone therapy and surgeries) for those already “in the system” and on the books of a Gender Identity Clinic (GIC).
Key features of the temporary Protocol for England would therefore include:
that psychotherapy/counselling, support and information should be made available to people seeking gender reassignment and their families where needed.
that two gender specialist assessments and 12-months experience living in accordance with desired gender role are needed for referral for NHS funded genital surgeries
only one gender specialist assessment is needed for referral for speech therapy, hormone treatment and FtM chest reconstruction surgery and that these can take place in an individualised patient-centred order either prior to starting the 12-month experience or concurrently to the 12-month experience.
(Bullet points from the Scottish Transgender Alliance. Emphasis mine.)
All of these provisions should (in theory!) entail a more rapid, efficient access to services for patients at many English GICs.
Unfortunately, several particularly progressive aspects of the Scottish Protocol will not be adopted in England. According to the letter sent out to stakeholders, these include:
Referral to Gender Identity Clinics (access)
“Discussion on these areas” is being “deferred” because “it is recognised these need further discussion and also because England’s health service is structured differently and therefore a slightly different approach will be necessary”
The first point (“referral to Gender Identity Clinics”) is somewhat ambiguous, but appears to mean that provisions made in Scotland for self-referral and referral by GP to GICs will not be implemented in England, at least in the short term. Most English GICs currently only accept referrals from mental health specialist such as psychiatrists, so this looks set to continue.
The letter further states that:
“[…] decisions relating to direct access, facial hair removal and breast augmentation being deferred by all NHS England Area Teams until after the June meeting when further work can be undertaken to reach the interim NHS England Policy and Specification for adoption. Where an individual has already had agreement for any of these procedures then these would go ahead, the deferment relates to decisions not yet made.”
This would appear to imply that no new referrals will be provided for facial hair removal and breast augmentation on the NHS in England, at least for the time being. In most parts of the country this is the norm, but in some areas this will effectively be a step backward.
What about young people?
A final significant aspect of the Scottish Protocol is that it provided for the provision of better services young trans people:
that young people aged 16 are entitled to be assessed and treated in the same manner as adults in terms of access to hormones and surgeries.
that children and young people under age 16 are entitled to child and adolescent specialist assessment and treatment as per the relevant section of the WPATH Standards of Care.
It’s not clear whether or not this part of the Protocol will come into play in England, but I suspect that this counts as “access to Gender Identity Clinics”, meaning that nothing will change – in the short term at least.
I would suggest that this development is, on the whole, a positive one for the majority of trans patients in England. It will hopefully ensure a number of improvements in access to treatment, particularly for individuals seeking hormone therapy and individuals on the transmasculine spectrum seeking chest surgery (including for individuals seeking chest surgery prior to hormone therapy, or chest surgery without any accompanying hormone therapy). It should encourage GICs to acknowledge trans diversity and provide treatment more adequately tailored to individual circumstance.
Moreover, the implementation of this Protocol means that some of the more regressive elements of the draft English Protocol (such as the requirement for GPs to undertake a “physical examination” ) will hopefully not see the light of day.
Of course, there will continue to be resistance from some of the more conservative GICs. However, the existence of the temporary protocol should empower patients who wish to make the case for better services from these bodies.
It is important to note once again that this is a temporary measure, and that the new English Protocol that is eventually implemented may not necessarily reflect the Scottish Protocol to such a great extent. A meeting will be held in June for members of the Clinical Reference Group to discuss what might happen next. We can only hope that the outcome will be a positive one for trans patients.
However, this move sets an important precedent. A set of relatively progressive new rules are being put in place, meaning that it should be harder for GICs to justify inadequate service provision. This is a new benchmark which health campaigners can use as a starting point for future campaigns.
Finally, the “inconclusive feedback” from “consultation” suggests that pressure from trans health advocates is actually having an effect, particularly as many GICs will no doubt have been pushing for a continuation of the status quo. Credit is due to all those individuals and organisations that responded to the consultation on the draft English protocol a year ago, and members of the Clinical Reference Group who are pushing for positive change.
Posted in NHS | Tagged breast augementation, chest surgery, England, facial hair removal, gender identity clinics, Gender Identity Services Clinical Reference Group, gender reassignment protocol, health, hormone therapy, NHS, Scotland, Scottish Transgender Alliance, trans, trans youth | 5 Comments
Have your say on England’s “gender dysphoria services”
Following hot on the heels of the new Scottish protocol for transition-related services, the Department of Health has published a draft guide for England.
They’re not holding a formal consultation on the document (meaning that it’s not available on the Department of Health website), but are “seeking the views of stakeholders […] to find out if the ‘journey’ outlined in the document reflects the experience transgender people actually have and, where there are differences, what they are.”
This is a really important opportunity for you to offer feedback on the proposed guide to English services.
A copy of the document is available below:
Gender Dysphoria Services – An English Protocol
When you’ve read the document, you can share your views through the following link:
I’m planning to post my own analysis of the draft protocol when I’ve had time to read through it properly.
Posted in NHS | Tagged consultation, Department of Health, gender clinics, NHS, protocol, transition | 7 Comments
Scotland hands unprecedented power to trans patients
The big news from Scotland today is all about gay marriage. But last week, the Scottish government quietly unveiled an equally important move.
The new N HS Scotland Gender Reassignment Protocol will have a massive impact upon those who seek a medical transition. It dramatically cuts the time required for “real life experience” prior to surgery, confirms the necessity of contested interventions such as hair removal for trans women and chest surgery for trans men, enables teenagers to begin transition from 16, and – crucially – reinforces the right of trans people to refer themselves to Gender Clinics.
Some background
Last year saw the publication of the latest edition of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care (SOC). This seventh edition of the SOC saw a number of important changes that acknowledged critiques from trans communities as well as clinicians, leading to a focus upon gender variant identities and experiences in terms of diversity, rather than pathology.
Treatment is individualized. What helps one person alleviate gender dysphoria might be very different from what helps another person. This process may or may not involve a change in gender expression or body modifications. Medical treatment options include, for example, feminization or masculinization of the body through hormone therapy and/or surgery, which are effective in alleviating gender dysphoria and are medically necessary for many people. Gender identities and expressions are diverse, and hormones and surgery are just two of many options available to assist people with achieving comfort with self and identity. (p.5)
Thus, transsexual, transgender and gender non-conforming individuals are not inherently disordered. Rather, the distress of gender dysphoria, when present, is the concern that might be diagnosable and for which various treatments are available. (p.6)
This emphasis upon individual difference and patient agency differentiates this seventh edition of the SOC from previous editions published by both WPATH and its predecessor, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association. The change follows decades of lobbying from trans activists, academics and progressive professionals. We’ve gone from a world where post-doctoral researchers who happened to be trans – such as Virginia Prince – could publish research only with the approval of cis clinicians, to a world in which trans professionals like Stephen Whittle are setting the agenda.
WPATH are still far from perfect: see, for instance, the fact that they seem to think they are qualified to speak for intersex people. But, broadly speaking, the latest SOC is a definite step in the right direction.
Competing guidance
When WPATH speaks, medical providers don’t necessarily listen. Trans people are often diagnosed according to criteria set out guidance such as the American Psychological Association’s Diagnostical Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which treats us as mentally ill. Gender clinics in the UK often follow previous editions of the SOC, which encourage a patronising, controlling approach in practitioners.
For instance, a recent Freedom of Information request revealed that Leeds GIC “…follows the stages laid down within The Harry Benjamin International Standards of Care (this differs from the WPATH guidance), as we believe that hormone treatment is best undertaken after real life experience has begun…“: i.e. the clinic is relying upon outdated guidance, under which patients are forced to go “full-time” for some time before they are prescribed hormones. This will clearly cause difficulties for individuals who have trouble passing as cis without hormone therapy, and may leave them open to harassment or violence.
Even less regressive GICs in the UK currently do not comply with with the most recent edition of the SOC. This can be seen in the imposition of binary ideals of gender, the absence of treatment protocols for most trans adolescents, and a “real life test” of at least two years before requests for surgery are considered (as opposed to the 12 months recommended in the new SOC).
Of course, any revision of national medical practice takes time, particularly within a public body such as the NHS. Changes to the NHS care pathway in England and Wales are currently under discussion. Moreover, hormone regimes for teenagers are currently being trialled in London. I don’t know enough about the situation in Northern Ireland to write about what’s happening there.
It is against this backdrop that the new Scottish protocol has been introduced.
NHS Scotland Gender Reassignment Protocol: the headlines
The new Scottish guidance has been shaped by trans activists working with key figures within Scottish equality bodies and NHS Scotland. It won’t have an immediate impact upon the availability of services, with implementation being a long, complicated process. However, it is historic in that the published care pathway clearly empowers trans patients in a number of ways.
The Scottish Transgender Alliance highlight a number of important points from the protocol (emphasis mine):
people can self-refer to NHS Gender Identity Clinics (GICs) in Scotland.
that two gender specialist assessments and 12-months experience living in accordance with desired gender role are needed for referral for NHS funded genital surgeries and that arrangements for delivering agreed procedures are under review with the objective of ensuring that an effective, equitable and sustainable service is implemented.
only one gender specialist assessment is needed for referral for hair removal, speech therapy, hormone treatment and FtM chest reconstruction surgery and that these can take place in an individualised patient-centred order either prior to starting the 12-month experience or concurrently to the 12-month experience.
that, in addition to access to genital surgeries, access to hair removal is regarded as essential to provide for trans women and access to FtM chest reconstruction is regarded as essential to provide for trans men.
that surgeries which are not exclusive to gender reassignment, such as breast augmentation and facial surgeries, continue to need to be accessed via the Adult Exceptional Aesthetic Referral Protocol but there will be a more transparent and equitable panel process for making funding decisions in such cases.
that children and young people under age 16 are entitled to child and adolescent specialist assessment and treatment as per the relevant section of the WPATH Standards of Care. NOTE: at the time the protocol was created the staffing of a specialist Under 16s service at the Sandyford GIC in Glasgow was uncertain but it now looks likely that there will be a sustainable Under 16s service provided at the Sandyford GIC in Glasgow and this part of the protocol will soon be updated.
As the Scottish Transgender Alliance note, this protocol isn’t perfect, but it does represent an important step forward. If the protocol is properly implemented, trans people will no longer be forced to spend months (or even years) fighting for a referral, before waiting even longer for treatment as a GIC patient. Trans people will be able to access vital interventions such as hair removal on the NHS, and should be able to access proper counselling and therapy services.
A personal perspective
If a protocol such as this had been in place in England when I came out as a teenager, I could have gained a referral (or even referred myself!) to a GIC at the age of 16. Even with the massive waiting list for the GIC, I might have been on hormones at 17, and had surgery at 18. I wouldn’t have had to undergo anything like so many painful laser hair removal sessions, and those that I did undergo would have been paid for by the NHS.
Instead, my first GIC appointment was at the age of 19. I didn’t go on hormones until I was 20 (causing all kinds of havoc with my university grades during my final year as I underwent a second puberty) and had surgery shortly before my 22nd birthday. I paid for several laser hair removal sessions privately. One day I hope to afford a few more, as I never finished that particular treatment.
And I’m one of the lucky ones.
I can’t really understand why this isn’t already all over the LGBT press, let alone the trans blogosphere. It’s a deeply important development.
The progressive nature of the new Scottish protocol provides a positive precedent for the rest of the UK. We can only hope that NHS protocols for England and Wales and for Northern Ireland follow suit. In the meanwhile, trans activists throughout the UK could do well to pay close attention to the situation in Scotland. The success of organisations such as the Scottish Transgender Alliance provide important lessons for the rest of us.
Posted in NHS | Tagged hair removal, hormones, NHS, NHS Scotland, passing as cis, real life experience, Scottish Transgender Network, standards of care, surgery, trans men actually exist, treatment pathway, WPATH | 11 Comments
Transgender action plan: an initial analysis
“Advancing transgender equality: a plan for action” was today published on the Home Office website. The document is the latest step in a historic programme of trans engagement undertaken by the current government. So, how does it shape up?
Regular readers of this blog will be quite aware of how much I distrust and dislike the Conservative-led government. Their work on trans equality (in a purely liberal sense) has, however, been quite impressive on the whole.
Under the leadership of Equalities Minister Lynne Featherstone – who has long been a trans ally in Parliament – the Home Office has pursued a programme of engagement and genuine consultation that quite outstrips anything achieved by the previous Labour government (who generally passed trans equality legislation only when ordered to by the European courts).
The action plan promises a robust response to needs expressed by the trans community on a whole variety of fronts. Most of the government’s promises involve the production guidance for various individuals, organisations and/or sectors: this may not sound like much, but the value of this documentation should not be underestimated. Some of the biggest challenges we face arise simply from the fact that doctors, civil servants and others simply don’t know what they’re doing when confronted with trans issues, so it’s good to see this addressed. Of course, we’ll have to see how these promises actually pan out.
So, what do we have?
The big news is arguably the
introduction of trans hate crime legislation. The government plans to amend existing laws in order to provide for:
“[…] sentences to be aggravated for any offencemotivated by hostility towards the victim onthe grounds of being transgender, and for a30 year starting point for murders motivated by hostility towards the victim on the groundsof being transgender.”
The government has also promised to “review” how gender identity is represented in passport application forms, and in passports. It’s not inconceivable that this may lead to the introduction of gender-neutral passports, particularly as the IPS admitted in September that they are “considering” this option. The explicit recognition of “non-gendered” individuals in the action plan itself is also an interesting move on this front.
Various government departments are assigned responsibility for a whole host of actions, including:
the issuing of statuatory guidance to increase head teachers’ power to tackle bullying (inc. transphobic bullying)
further emphasis upon “prejudice-based bullying” (inc. transphobic bullying) in Ofsted inspections*
working to build trans equality into existing practices within primary, secondary and further education (e.g. in PSHE lessons, teacher skills programmes, FE equalities training)
updating “advice for employers on recruiting and employing transgender employees”
revising guidance for Job Centre staff
additional “pre-employment support” for marginalised groups (inc. trans people)
clear guidance on trans pension rights on the DWP website, and better handling of pension claims
guidance on holding public sector bodies to account through the Equality Duty (an aspect of the Equality Act 2010)
“clear and concise” guidance on transition treatment pathways for GPs and PCTs
information on trans health (including sexual health) on the NHS Choices website
ensuring that health consultations are trans-inclusive
updating privacy guidance within government departments (inc. provide better guidance on the use of privacy markers to protect privacy for employers and benefit claimants)
a guide to equality legislation and policy for trans people
community outreach on the democratic system and relevant government programmes
working with housing providers to produce best practice guidance on trans accomodation (inc. advice on tackling transphobic anti-social behaviour)
“Work[ing] with the transgender community” during the marriage equality consultation
continuing to play an active role in condemning transphobic violence and discrimination through the Council of Europe and the United Nations
providing better guidance on gender identity and trans individuals within the asylum system
Moreover, there a number of actions the government has already taken:
police forces have been required to collect data on transphobic hate incidences since April 2011
trans people are included (just about) in the Charter against homophobia and transphobia in sport
a module on gender identity has been launched as part ofthe training course for asylum decision-makers
transphobic bullying was included in an anti-bullying guidance for headteachers
UK diplomats worked to promote a historic United Nations Human Rights Council resolution condemning homophobic and transphobic violence and discrimination
My general impression of the document – and planned actions within – is broadly positive. However, there were a few items of concern within the action plan:
As part of the Government’s wider work to
develop a new NHS Commissioning System,
ensure greater consistency in commissioning
gender identity services, increased patient choice
and more cost effective treatment plans for
gender dysphoria.
The term “more cost effective treatment plans” certainly rings alarm bells. How many ways can transition become less expensive to the NHS whilst retaining an appropriate level of care? Moreover, “increased patient choice” definitely sounds like it’s part of the government’s dodgy privatization agenda. On the other hand, this point may simply entail a removal of bureaucratic barriers, and the “greater consistency” should, hopefully, be a positive development overall. Time will tell.
Deliver a framework for evaluating the Equality
Act, including the implementation of the
exceptions on gender reassignment.
Will this work to prevent companies from exploiting loopholes in order to discriminate against trans people, or will it help organisations such as Rape Crisis deny access to vital services?
Run a workshop for the transgender community
to increase their understanding of the public
sector Equality Duty and how they can hold
public bodies to account
A single workshop for the “transgender community”? I hope we’re all invited!
Finally, there’s a lot of talk about “considering” and things that might be “possible”. I do wonder how many of these points will be translated into firm action.
Fortunately, there’s not too much of this, but there’s the odd action point that stinks. There have clearly been Tory spin-doctors at work on this document, because at times it’s clearly attempting to push the government’s agenda in a number of areas rather than, y’know, trans equality. Whether or not you agree with this agenda is up to you (personally, I’m against for all sorts of reasons) but surely this kind of action plan shouldn’t really be about pushing the government’s pet projects?
Some choice quotes (emphasis mine):
“Transgender people, from transsexual to nongendered,
want to be able to participate in and make their contribution to society and the economy.“
Wait, I thought this was about equality and fairness, rather than corporate drone culture?
Equality of opportunity in employment is
fundamental to building a strong economy and
a fair society. We know that workplaces that are
more inclusive are also more productive.
Glad to see the government has its priorities sorted.
Take active measures to ensure that the views of
transgender users shape the Government’s Care
and Support White Paper and create a care
market that is more responsive to diverse needs.
Because “care” should be bought and sold, and markets are necessarily efficient.
Promote, via government information portals,
relevant funding streams to the transgender
community to ensure they are aware of funding
available to participate in the localism agenda.
That totally makes up for all the national funding that’s been cut, right?
Ensure that National Citizen Service (NCS) for
16 year olds is an inclusive and safe environment
for all participants, including transgender people,
by encouraging NCS providers to build equality
issues into their information and training for staff.
Another pet project! To be fair, at least they’re putting some effort into ensuring its actually accessible and all.
An absolute howler courtesy of the “headline findings” from the community surveys that fed into the action plan:
Nearly two-thirds of respondents (47%) thought that intervention, such as guidance or training, would be best focussed in secondary school
And if that’s not confirmation that the government needs to invest properly in education, I don’t know what is.
Posted in Pending Legislation, Trans Community | Tagged Advancing transgender equality: a plan for action, Conservatives, equal marriage, Equality Act, Home Office, Liberal Democrats, Lynne Featherstone, NHS, non-binary identities, Pending Legislation, trans inclusion, transphobia, you're doing it right, you're doing it wrong | 1 Comment
Save the NHS: Block the bridge, block the bill
UK Uncut are planning an unprecedented act of civil disobedience at 1pm on Sunday 9th October in protest against the government’s NHS reforms. Over one thousand people have already announced their intention to participate in the action, which aims to demonstrate the level of public opposition to the Bill and put pressure on sympathetic peers in the House of Lords by occupying Westminster Bridge.
The activist group are also encouraging people to contact peers and ask them to block the bill.
Full details of the demonstration can be found on the UK Uncut website.
There is also a Facebook event page.
Posted in Activism, NHS, Pending Legislation | Tagged Block the Bridge, Conservatives, cuts, House of Lords, Liberal Democrats, NHS, Pending Legislation, UK uncut | Leave a comment
Save the NHS, part 2: lobby the Lords
The NHS “reform” bill passed the Commons on its third reading yesterday by 316 votes to 251.* It will now go to the Lords for further scrutiny.
It’s not too late to save the NHS. A number of groups are recommending an unprecedented public lobby of the Lords in order to stop (or at least fundamentally alter) the bill.
The TUC have set up a page to help you do this: Adopt a Peer.
There is also a Facebook page with a fair bit of information.
“This is really important. I don’t think anyone has ever engaged en masse with members of the upper house on an issue like this before. They don’t have constituencies, and they can’t be voted out at an election. Nevertheless, many peers cherish their role in scrutinising bad legislation. They need to know there is a widespread dislike for these changes.”
– Christine Burns
*A grand total of four Liberal Democrat MPs voted against the bill. I can’t comprehend why anyone who cares about public services would ever want to vote Lib Dem again. May the party crash and burn come the next election.
Posted in Activism, NHS, Pending Legislation | Tagged Conservatives, House of Lords, Liberal Democrats, NHS, NHS reform, TUC | Leave a comment
ACT NOW to save the NHS
MPs are currently debating the controversial NHS reform bill. The £2 billion re-haul of our health system will be voted upon after just two days of debate in Parliament in spite of Conservative promises to oppose any “top-down” reorganisation of the NHS. Lawyers have warned that the changes will fundamentally undermine political accountability and further privatise the health system.
We’ve currently got one of the most economically efficient health systems in the world. It’s hardly perfect – and indeed, I strongly believe that the the NHS benefits from criticism – but we’re incredibly lucky to have it.
This is your chance to tell MPs that we can’t and won’t accept them messing with our health system.
Call your MP (via 38 Degrees)
Email your MP (via 38 Degrees)
Sign the e-petition (HM Government e-petition site)
Posted in Activism, NHS, Pending Legislation | Tagged Conservatives, Liberal Democrats, NHS, NHS reform, Pending Legislation, Tory scum, you're doing it wrong | Leave a comment | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line693 |
__label__cc | 0.564725 | 0.435275 | A few days ago, I was all set to post a blog about the process of rehearsing for our upcoming production of Two Rooms. Specifically, I wrote about the research that went into portraying the journalist character of Walker who is equal parts ally and antagonist to the main character of Lainie in the play. But then, earlier this week, a terror attack occurred in Brussels killing dozens and sending more shockwaves of fear throughout the Western world. And, given the subject matter, I felt like there was something more to be said about the process of doing this play amidst the the shadow of the real.
Broken windows at the national airport terminal following the Mar 22, 2016 bombings in Brussels, BE [Yorick Jansens/Pool/Reuters]
Two Rooms is a play about the invisible, yet unbreakable, bond between two lovers torn apart by terror. Written in 1988, and winner of Time Magazine’s Best Play of the Year, the script was a direct response to the (then) looming Iran hostage crisis. During that crisis, more than sixty American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for over 400 days between 1979 and 1981. It redefined US foreign policy in the Middle East with consequences that continue to the present day. Lauren, our director, has always said that the relationships in the play should take centre stage. That said, there is no denying the spectre of real world terrorism that hangs over the play. And, in the case of our company, it has been there since the beginning.
American hostage held at the height of the Iranian hostage crisis [Photo: Bettman/CORBIS]
We first decided to produce Blessing’s drama last October. At that point, there were a lot of discussions between Lauren, Aaron, and myself about the impact of doing a play about terror hostages in the age of ISIS. Having witnessed a multitude of images ranging from ISIS training clips to the infamous YouTube execution videos, we questioned whether to set the play in a more contemporary setting. Indeed, it was a topic of hot debate. Then, in late November, on the very night we confirmed our production venue came the news of the horrific attacks in Paris and Beirut which left scores of people dead.
A victim’s body lies covered on Boulevard des Filles du Calvaire following the Nov 14, 2015 terror attacks in Paris, FR [Photo : Thierry Chesnot/Getty Images]
Once again, fear and anger filled the airwaves. News, talk show panels, and social media exploded about the threat of ISIS and a renewed War on Terror. All of sudden, the past of this play was violently pulled into our present. As we started rehearsals, it seemed more images of wounded people, broken buildings, and chanting terrorists were all over the place. As I tuned into the news every night, I also found I was becoming acutely aware of every incident. Car bombs in Turkey and Iraq. Suicide bombers in Syria. Shootings in Afghanistan. Some were widely reported. Others were mentioned as a side note. But the pictures always said a thousand awful words. I couldn’t help thinking of one of the lines that Walker says to Lainie: “It’s all imagery. That’s how people think these days. Images. Not ideas. Images.”
Militants with the Islamic State (ISIS). [Photo: Associated Press]
The process of rehearsing this play has been a very different experience for all of us at Same Boat Theatre. It’s not the first time we’ve taken on a subject based on current events. But it is the first time we’ve ever taken on a subject with such immediate and dramatic weight. Going into rehearsal, each of us has had a sense that this play is still so very timely. Sadly, all you need do is turn on the television. The images of blindfolded prisoners of ISIS look very similar to the blindfolded prisoners in Beirut thirty years ago. This proximity to the real has made us all work more diligently and more honestly during the whole process.
Aaron Joel Clark plays the hostage Michael in Two Rooms [Photo: Ryan Miller]
Beyond the sense that this play has been ‘ripped from the headlines’ is the fact that people like Michael and Lainie exist in this world. Ordinary people have and sadly will continue to be victims of terror. But this play has forced us all to look at the complex issues surrounding terrorism a lot more closely with an eye towards understanding. And if our production of Two Rooms serves to do the same with even one member of our audiences then we will have done right by the playwright and his powerful script.
Posted in Uncategorized on March 26, 2016 by sameboattheatre. Leave a comment
← Two Rooms… Take Two
Is it political? → | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line695 |
__label__cc | 0.64644 | 0.35356 | New York County Real Estate Lawyers
New York County Condo & Co-Op Lawyers
New York County Condo and Co-op Lawyers
Find the right Condominium and Cooperative attorney in New York County, NY
Condominium and Cooperative Law in New York
Cooperatives and condominium developments are examples of arrangements recognized as "common interest communities."
Merely viewing one of these communities from the outside (or inside) will not let you know whether it's a cooperative or condominium community.
This is because there are no physical characteristics that can clearly distinguish one from the other. The basic difference lies in the legal ownership arrangement. In a condominium community, the units are actually owned by the residents. The residents also collectively own the common areas, holding joint title to it. In a cooperative community, the buildings and land which make up the houses are owned by a single entity, and the individual units are often rented rather than owned by the residents.
Laws and Regulations Concerning Common Interest Communities in New York County, New York
There are a large number of laws in New York County, New York that can affect condominiums and cooperatives, but few, if any, of them are unique to such common-interest communities. Rather, they're mostly governed by laws of general application, covering zoning, contracts, and landlord/tenant relations.
The daily lives of residents, and what they are and aren't allowed to do in their residences, will be far more heavily impacted by rules and regulations that the homeowner's association, or the owner of the land, has imposed.
The land on which these communities sit is private property, so the owners have considerable leeway when it comes to setting rules regarding what tenants can and can't do on the property. These rules typically govern things like noise levels, cleanliness, long-term guests, and pets. They are often designed with the goal of balancing residents' rights to a clean and quiet neighborhood, with their individual autonomy.
The authority of landowners is limited, however, and there are some rules that cannot be given legal effect. For instance, in New York County, New York, any rule which would exclude residents based on their race is completely unenforceable. Such discrimination is clearly prohibited under federal law, private property rights notwithstanding.
Can a New York County, New York Attorney Help?
If you have a problem with your landlord, your community association, or a neighbor (which the landlord is unwilling or unable to address), an accomplished real estate attorney in New York County, New York will be able to help.
New York County Commercial Real Estate Attorneys
New York County Foreclosure Lawyers
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Condominium and Cooperative Lawyers in Hempstead
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Condominium and Cooperative Lawyers in Blauvelt | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line697 |
__label__cc | 0.716853 | 0.283147 | Utah Lawyers
Farmington Real Estate Lawyers
Farmington Tenant Lawyer
Landlord and Tenant Lawyers in Farmington
Find the right Tenant attorney in Farmington, UT
Tenant Law in Utah
In Farmington, Utah, relationships between tenants and landlords can sometimes become strained.
Both parties to a landlord/tenant relationship are governed by an extensive body of laws and regulations, defining their legal rights and obligations.
Landlord's Rights in Farmington, UT
The most important and most evident right that a landlord has is the right to timely payment of rent from the tenant. This, of course, means that the tenant has a duty to pay rent.
Landlords also have a right to be compensated for damage to the building that a tenant causes, either intentionally or negligently. Any damage caused by a tenant, besides reasonable wear and tear, can be billed, and the landlord can deduct from the tenant's security deposit to pay for repairs.
Tenant's Rights in Farmington, UT
Most basically, tenants have a right to get what they're paying for: a dwelling fit for human habitation. To this end, landlords have to ensure that the units they rent meet Farmington, Utah's minimum standards for habitability. These requirements are typicallyy not difficult to meet. They include basic amenities such as running water, electricity, a working phone line, heating, and protection from the elements.
Moreover, tenants are entitled to common areas which are reasonably safe and clean, and free of physical obstacles. Areas such as lobbies, hallways, stairwells, and fire escapes must comply with the building codes of Farmington, Utah. Moreover, any other unreasonable safety hazard, even if it doesn't violate a specific provision of a building code, can create liability for the landlord if it injures a tenant.
Under federal and Utah law, tenants are also entitled to protection against discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, marital status, or gender. Such discrimination can lead to severe civil penalties against the landlord. Landlords additionally cannot discriminate against tenants based on physical disability, and have to make reasonable accommodations for physically disabled tenants. For example, they have to allow disabled tenants to make minor physical alterations to the unit (at the tenant's expense) to make it more accessible. Now, they don't need to allow the tenants to have the building remodeled. We're just talking about things like installing handrails in the bathroom, and similar things. The landlord can, however, require tenants to restore the apartment to its original condition, at the tenant's expense, once the tenant leaves.
Tenants are also legally protected from unfair eviction. Before a lease agreement expires, landlords cannot evict tenants unless they breach as significant term of the agreement by not paying rent, causing serious damage to the property, engaging in activities that are a nuisance to the other tenants, or engaging in illegal activity on the property, among other things.
Can a Farmington, Utah Landlord/Tenant Lawyer Help?
Landlords and tenants generally want to avoid conflict with one another. However, conflicts are sometimes unavoidable. If you end up in a major dispute with a landlord or a tenant, a knowledgeable Farmington, Utah landlord/tenant attorney can help.
Farmington Commercial Real Estate Attorneys
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Farmington Mortgage Attorneys
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in other Utah cities and towns
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Tenant Lawyers in Cedar Hills | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line701 |
__label__cc | 0.522037 | 0.477963 | Tag: North-East England
The Mayoral North of Tyne devolution deal is a waste of time
Two days ago, the North of Tyne combined authority elected their first regional mayor: Momentum-backed Labour candidate Jamie Driscoll. Gifted with £600 million across a thirty-year stint, the money provides the office with an annual £20 million to invest in infrastructure and job creation. Disqualified from legislating on local transport and housing, the incumbent will be prevented from addressing the issues affecting the region most. At best, the money will buoy a small number of large-scale, high-publicity projects unlikely to translate into wider prosperity.
Branded as a historic devolution deal guaranteed to level out regional divides, the project is the brainchild of George Osborne. Anxious to prevent his ‘Northern Powerhouse’ idea from being written-off as another never-to-be-fulfilled pledge by an insensitive Westminster politician, Osborne fed the authority enough funding to secure its approval in just three out of seven councils: Northumberland, North Tyneside and Newcastle.
Unfortunately, Gateshead, Durham, Sunderland and South Tyneside’s abstention from the devolution deal assuaged the authority’s political bargaining power, and therefore purpose, from the outset. Even in the country’s most cash-strapped councils, hostility towards austerity continues to mitigate against the acceptance of tokenistic handouts or lacklustre devolution scams. Originally proposed as The North-East Combined Authority (NECA), Mr Osborne had offered a fund of just £900 million to be metered out over 30 years, equalling around 4.2 million per council per year (or 40p per person per week). That’s a drop in the ocean when compared to the scale of funding cuts (which, claims Gateshead Council’s Martin Gannon, have resulted in a £900 per-family spending reduction in Gateshead since 2010).
That being said, the North-East still finds itself in a dilemma: caught between a desperation to progress by any infinitesimal means possible, and the strong inclination to reject Conservative ‘charity’ on the basis that something better might eventually come along. It may appear that refusal to participate in devolution is illogical and self-sabotaging, because, as George Osborne made clear, this was ‘the only game in town.’ But many believe the post exists to force local councils into taking responsibility for funding cuts emanating from the top tier of government, creating local-level scapegoats to offset legitimate government criticism.
On top of this uncertainty, it’s also worth remembering that while ‘the North’ exists as a homogeneous, industrial mass for anyone who lives down South, it’s very multifaceted. It can’t be grouped together, politically or geographically, with any kind of ease. Durham and Sunderland, for one thing, are extensive in size: they have little affinity with their North-of-Tyne counterparts. Even Gateshead – just a stone’s throw away from Newcastle – feels like a different world entirely. The distance isn’t alleviated, either, by prohibitively expensive local transport links (especially buses), adding physical barriers to economic ones.
When it came down to the mayoral race itself, there ensued a second-round run-off between Labour’s Jamie Driscoll and the Conservative candidate Charlie Hoult, proving that this was never anything but a partisan struggle between the two largest, safest, political organisations. Smaller, more radical and experimental groups lacked the institutional backing, funds, or perhaps will, to put forward the £5000 deposit required for entrance into the candidacy (such as The North East Party and the Greens), also citing concerns about the post’s democratic credentials. Indeed, though the independent candidate made the process slightly more interesting, the absence of any women screamed anti-progressivism.
Far from an exhilarating and diverse electoral contest, then, the candidates seemed only halfheartedly engaged. They could afford to be, because no real power was at stake. Tyne and Wear Citizens, a local charity, set up a Citizens’ Assembly event the day before voters went to the polls. Here, Lib-Dem candidate John Appleby revealed, honestly but uninspiringly, that Newcastle’s met-mayor will have considerably less authority than its regional counterparts (in Manchester, or London for example). ‘That doesn’t mean I think the role is pointless, just that we shouldn’t over-promise or expect too much,’ he said, which basically meant, ‘I’m not over-promising because I think this role is pointless.’
The sad thing is, his scepticism is justified. The project is nothing but lip-service: it appears that up North, councils can’t be trusted with real power, and those dissatisfied with this state of affairs are punished via austerity for calling the government out on it.
Posted on 5th May 2019 24th Oct 2019 Author Sarah BurgessCategories PoliticsTags George Osborne, Jamie Driscoll, Local politics, North of Tyne Mayor, North-East England, Politics3 Comments on The Mayoral North of Tyne devolution deal is a waste of time | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line706 |
__label__wiki | 0.667941 | 0.667941 | Making Money from Lignin: Roadmap Shows How to Improve Lignocellulosic Biofuel Biorefining
Written by Ibrahim on May 21, 2014 . Posted in Latest News
Professor Arthur Ragauskas prepares samples containing cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose for analysis using advanced nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Credit: Gary Meek
When making cellulosic ethanol from plants, one problem is what to do with a woody agricultural waste product called lignin. The old adage in the pulp industry has been that one can make anything from lignin except money.
A new review article in the journal Science points the way toward a future where lignin is transformed from a waste product into valuable materials such as low-cost carbon fiber for cars or bio-based plastics. Using lignin in this way would create new markets for the forest products industry and make ethanol-to-fuel conversion more cost-effective.
“We’ve developed a roadmap for integrating genetic engineering with analytical chemistry tools to tailor the structure of lignin and its isolation so it can be used for materials, chemicals and fuels,” said Arthur Ragauskas, a professor in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Ragauskas is also part of the Institute for Paper Science and Technology at Georgia Tech.
The roadmap was published May 15 in the journal Science. Co-authors of the review included scientists from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
The growth of the cellulosic fuel industry has created a stream of lignin that the industry needs to find valuable ways to use. At the same time, federal agencies and industry are funding research to simplify the process of taking biomass to fuels.
“One of the very promising approaches to doing that is to genetically engineer plants so they have more reactive polysaccharides suitable for commercial applications, but also to change lignin’s structural features so that it’ll become more attractive for materials applications, chemicals and fuels.” Ragauskas said.
Research highlighted in the review has shown it’s theoretically possible to genetically alter lignin pathways to reduce undesirable byproducts and more efficiently capture the desired polysaccharides – which are sugars that can be converted to other products – and enhance lignin’s commercial value.
“There are sufficient publications and data points out there to say that say, ‘Yes, we can do this,’” Ragauskas said.
Through work on transgenic plants and wild plants that naturally have fewer undesirable constituents, biologists, engineers and chemists have recently improved the biorefinery field’s understanding of the chemistry and structure of lignin, which provides a better idea of the theoretical chemistry that lignin can do, Ragauskas said.
“We should be able to alter the structure of lignin and isolate it in such a manner that we can use it for green-based materials or use it in a blend for a variety of synthetic polymers,” Ragauskas said.
Doing so would create a stream of polysaccharides for use as ethanol fuels, with lignin waste that has structural features that would make it attractive for commercial applications such as polymers or carbon fibers.
The science could be applied to a variety of plants currently used for cellulosic biofuel production, such as switchgrass and poplar.
Today, lignin is mostly burned for energy to fulfill a small amount of the power requirements of the ethanol biorefineries. But the new roadmap emphasizes how, through genetic engineering tools that currently exist, lignin could become much more valuable to industry.
“Our primary mission is to reduce the cost of taking biomass to biofuels,” Ragauskas said, “But in the process we’ve learned a lot about lignin, and we might be able to do more than just reduce cost. We might be able to tailor lignin’s structure for commercial applications.”
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology
Published on 21st May 2014 | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line711 |
__label__cc | 0.581409 | 0.418591 | Stellar’s Sea Cow, Stories, Myths, & Their Connection With Now Extinct Animals
November 6, 2016 in Animals & Insects
The Stellar’s Sea Cow was an enormous marine mammal related to the manatee and to the dugong that live until very recently — until ~1772 or so. Following “discovery” in 1742 they were subsequently hunted to extinction over the course of only 3 decades.
For those wondering, the species was named after its “discoverer” Georg Wilhelm Steller. Notably, Stellar himself died (in Siberia) only a few years after making it off the island where he “discovered” the animals, while shipwrecked there with his crew for 9 months.
The Steller’s Sea Cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) was an enormous animal, considerably bigger than even the largest West Indian Manatees — growing to reach lengths of 26 to 33 feet (8 to 11 meters), reportedly. Modern estimates suggest that adults could reach weights of between 8 and 10 tons. Some individuals may well have been larger though. It’s been classified within Sirenia.
The description of the species made by Stellar described it as “not the sea cow of Aristotle, for it never comes upon dry land to feed, but it can use its fore limbs for a number of tasks: swimming, walking on the shallows of the shore, supporting himself on the rocks, digging for algae and seagrasses, fighting, and embracing each other.”
“It is covered with a thick hide, more like unto the bark of an ancient oak than unto the skin of an animal; the manatee’s (Authors note: this word was used in a general way when this was written) hide is black, mangy, wrinkled, rough, hard, and tough; it is void of hairs, and almost impervious to an ax or to the point of a hook.”
An interesting description. Nearly all that’s left of the animals now though, other than some bones accumulated in museums or feeding the oceanic substrate of the regions that they lived.
Given the way that human stories seem to change and bend to fit new purposes as they are passed down, I wonder if anything of the “Stellar’s Sea Cow” will be passed by in the minds of humans, as stories of the unicorn have kept something of the shadow of the elasmotherium alive to this day. Or will the species be one amongst countless others that will leave no real trace given a bit of time?
With regard to the elasmotherium, despite the superficial similarities, is there anything of that animal’s actual nature in the various northern hemisphere stories of unicorns? Perhaps something of its actual essence has survived in those stories as well? Or perhaps the stories are themselves simply the visible surface of something largely unknowable by a human’s mind? As with the surface of a seed?
Stellar’s Sea Cow, Cause Of Extinction
Previous to the last hunting spree (killing of the last ~2,000) following “discovery,” the species’ population numbers seem to have taken a dive off a cliff as a result of the mid-18th Century “Fur Rush” which saw demand for sea otter pelts explode. This “blood orgy,” as some have referred to it, wiped sea otters out of existence in some regions, and nearly so in others (though the animals never went extinct). As a result, sea urchin numbers boomed, and thus destroyed huge areas of kelp forest, as they weren’t being kept in check by sea otters any longer.
The enormous Stellar’s Sea Cow being the animal that it was — huge, and with huge calorie/food requirements — it was likely not in a position to deal with the loss of its primary food source.
The relic population that Stellar, and the crew of the ship he was on, came across on what’s now known as Bering Island was seemingly one of only a very few left following the presumed mass die-off that accompanied the sea urchin population explosion. With the neighboring Medny Island also playing host to a notable population at the time, reportedly.
Owing to its large size, and it’s reportedly aloof disregard for humans, the species made an attractive target for hunters traveling through the region. Once word got out, this meant that the were quickly hunted to extinction.
In other words, they were subject to what a great many small or relict populations are following a period of relative isolation — naivety, about things/people/dangers outside of the isolated area.
“Hence a man in a boat, or swimming naked, can move among them without danger and select at ease the one of the herd he desires to strike — and accomplish it all while they are feeding,” Stellar noted.
Stellar noted, though, that the young ones were much harder to pursue, and that they moved much more “vigorously” — which raises an interesting question. Just how old were the larger, older ones?
Manatees can live to be quite old, apparently to well over 60 years old, at the least. Considering that the Stellar’s Sea Cow lived in a very cold climate, and that animals in cold climates often live longer (if food is prevalent) than related species in warmer regions, you do have to wonder. Many of the individuals in question may well have been quite old at the time that Stellar came across them. (It’s worth remembering that manatees only give birth roughly once every 2 years, and generally only to one calf. And that animals with low population replacement rates, like most sirenians have, tend to live quite long.)
With regard to the apparent lack of agility in the larger ones, this is possibly tied to the various adaptions that allowed the species to live in much colder waters than other modern sirenians do — greatly reduced front flippers/limbs, and a thick ungainly body that featured very think skin and blubber. Though who knows to how much of a degree this was the case (as far as agility goes), perhaps they were just naive and didn’t consider people to be a threat?
Tags: dugongs, Extinction, Georg Wilhelm Steller, manatees, Sirenia, Stellar's Sea Cow
← Manatees — Description, Pictures, Behavior, Lifespan, & Folk Stories
Denisovans — Fossils, Genetics, Artifacts, & Speculation → | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line712 |
__label__cc | 0.539693 | 0.460307 | The Daughter of Ares Chronicles Series
Monster Hunter Tales Series
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A Review Like No Other: Erosion of the Heart
Shannon's Work /
I have been graced with several good reviews on all of my works. Pretty much GoodReads tells me 90+% of those that give me a review “like” my books. Most people go for my prose books, but every now and then somebody tells me they love my poetry. Poetry is the oldest of all my arts. It has always just flowed out of me. I once even had a band that planned on using some of my poetry in their music because it was so emotional.
My poetry is sometimes about me and sometimes about things I have seen. 95% of the time it is dark and dramatic. Even to this day I can read certain poems and tell you what inspired the poem or who for that matter. For me it is a type of catharsis at times. Other times it is a way for me to help others heal from the wounds I have seen them receive.
As I said before, I have received many good reviews on my books. However, sometimes, you discover a special review that takes your breath away. This is not just a review, it seems to be a dissection and analysis of my work at the level of an essay of scholarly quality. The fact that my work touched someone to write this review in the detail that it is blew me away. They could have just wrote 3 lines and then went along. They could have chose not to write the review at all. I am grateful that this person shared this review on my book of poetry and for what it is worth I wanted to give it a blog post. I will warn you, it is loooooong!
Epithet: `Shannon McRoberts, a shepherdess of love’
By Poet on August 31, 2013
Rate: Five stars. Epithet: `Shannon McRoberts, a shepherdess of love’.
Erosion of the heart was the best poetry book I have read this year. Furthermore, I should add here that I scarcely recall any poetry book to which I was attached the way I was attached to this one. I felt for the poetess here since the very first verse, for every poem was a powerful expression of a deep human emotion. As an admirer of poets, and as an avid reader of poetry, I have found every human emotion in this book fascinating. The poetess’s broken heart exhilarated me throughout the entire collection so that everything associated with the physical appearance of the book has simply faded away. Because of the tremendous exciting mood I was mindless about the untitled poems, heedless of the punctuations. For me the messages, the love, the thrill, the emotions, and the moods, made me forget about the reality in which I lived. Often it felt as if I was drowning in a whirlwind of love. The chief message was love, and although the reflection of a broken heart derives from a personal love, there are clear indications as for the fact that the poetess is a divine messenger, spiritual, not religious, and that universal love is her highest law. I wish to stress here that I have never before in my life enjoyed reading poems of self pity. Here, both the projection, and the emanation, of self pity were pure, chaste, honest, and aesthetic. It was the honesty and sincerity of the fragile soul within the poems that filled with deep emotions. Her tears rendered me cathartic as a reader. Thus, I have found myself rapt in the catharsis of love. But there was more to this collection than love, heart break, melancholy, self pity, and even romance. What I loved about the poems in this collection was the discovery of the hidden messages. I truly felt like I struck gold here, not only in regard to art and beauty, but chiefly because the messages were, in fact, of a cosmic proportion, and of a high value. However, this goldmine was so rich in minerals, that it would have truly taken me months to analyze it all. Therefore I have focused on the big nuggets and tried to remain brief in my analysis. I should mention here before I elaborate on some of the poems, that it has been equally pleasurable for me to analyze the poems as it was for me to read them. Poem 2 renders the poetess emphatic and resolute in her messages. Here I loved the emphasis on verses in her style, as later it is related to the `Ocean style’ as I analyze it, which is her wonderful idiosyncratic diction. The didactic style here, however, is overwhelmed by the punch line. I think that it is very risky for a poet to use didacticism in general, because a poet might risk losing the attention of the reader, or to digress from the point. But here the poetess brilliantly mastered didacticism and used it for her final punch line. A fact which rendered the reader extremely satisfied. Such an orgasmic style renders the poetess a high class artist, because of her final conclusion in each poem. I did not even find one flaw in this collection, as the poetess overpowered every single poem with great strength and faculty. I could only identify with the person whom she loved as a person who would be naturally intimidated by her magnificent energy. As a reader I admire her intense loving energy, but such intensity could be related to the fact that the unknown person was spooked away, leaving the poetess with a broken heart. The same success in the didactic style she achieved in poem 7, here with a different poem structure, a fact which add to her eclectic style. In poem 8 I was rendered with a deep emotion of hollowness. It was the void, and here I was really sucked into the sense of being out of time, or out of consciousness, which is an indication as for the poetess’s link to the divine realms. Her metaphysical reality has been expressed also in other poems, but here the porcelain doll was the perfect emissary of the sense of void. It did not take me long to infer that the poetess here is a humanist, drunk on the wine of Carpe Diem and divine knowledge. Her ethical perspective in this book is expressed both through emotions, but also through her divine messages. As I progressed with an insatiable curiosity, for every poem was a gem of emotion, I was struck by the mystery of poem 15. Here I had to stop and marvel upon the riddle of innocence. The poetess was on the ground, enjoying the lavender petals falling on her face, with a wonderful scent, but then the poetess posed a question. Thereupon her calls for the destruction of the beautiful flower implied as for the loss of her innocence. However, the posed question is brilliant, because the loss of innocence, means in fact that another innocence is gained, perhaps the innocence of contentment, and or of an attainment of something grand; a sort of realization, which lead to another level of innocence, or to a higher level of consciousness. The flower is also analogous to the male sexual organ. Thus, when the poetess expresses a call to pull it apart, there is a strong indication as for a feminist connotation. Thus, this poem could also be interpreted as rebellious against the intrusive power of men. Poem 16 was extremely apocalyptic, as the end suggests that the extinction of humankind was not the poetess’s fault. The last line suggests once more, that the poetess cares very much for the earth, and that she is trying to save mankind through her art and poetry. But sadly, mankind’s apathy and self destructive nature make people ignorant of her mission, thus she shakes off the dust from her sandals and resume to her divine occupation. I was really touched by this poem, as I fear that the poetess is right in her assertions of the facts. Thus, the poetess so far is also rendered apocalyptic, rebellious, feminist, humanist, moralist, powerful, virile, cathartic, orgasmic, divine, and melancholy. Her heart eroded, and so did the heart of the moralist reader. I was melting with emotions of care, love, and compassion in most of the poems. There was also a sense of motion and eventuality in the poems, and I do not recall even one stagnant poem. All the poems were in uniform motion, a fact which contributed to her love for the earth. In poem 21 I was affected by the mood of the poetess, as she was dominated. Her loss of control to another person meant that she was melting with an intense, perhaps even obsessive, love. Thus, stricken by love she is overwhelmed, and here control means that she surrenders to love. Thus, she is an exponent of love. Her big heart, together with all of her dominance and power, is not sufficient, for love is her conqueror. Poem 31 was brilliantly constructed as here the suspense of the reason and the event captures the reader’s curiosity all the way to the punch line. There is a conclusion embedded with many reasons, but the reader is powerless and cannot break free from the grip of the poetess. One has to know what the poem is all about, from the very first word to the last, the reader is simply captivated. Poem 36, which is my favorite poem in this collection, left me melting rapt on the abstraction of the circle of life. In poem 37 the warning against love is ambivalent. The ethereal dialogue which is implied through the words `my child’ suggests that love is self destructive. Thus, the poetess is conveyed with a message to be careful not to destroy herself with her love and obsession. The same warning is implied later on in poem 56. But in poem 37 I could not help thinking about the male and the female conjunction. As here the female, the poetess, is analogous to love, and her beloved male is analogous to her victim. Subsequent poems expressed compassion, deep regret, deep love, and rendered the poetess a loyal subject of the divine realm. Her high values and set of moral virtues are imparted through her strong emotions. Thus, as for her characteristics, she is also emotive and intuitive a poetess. Her infatuation with her former lover conceals, and perhaps even sidetracks, the reader from her divine contract, which is to evolve through art, and to lead mankind into the transformation into a higher level of consciousness. In that sense the poetess is an evolutionist, though definitely not a Darwinist, as later poems may suggest. Moreover, her sensitive approach towards life and her delicate perspective are all sophistically attractive to the humanist reader. Poem 49 intrigued me also in event and in the allusion to the illusion of our physical reality. In many of her poems she is aware of the essence of naïve realism, and as for the illusion of our mundane existence, that all she asks is for some motion, excitement, and entertainment. Motion is life. Thus, she wishes to enjoy life and not encounter with spiritual death. In that sense she is a poetess subversive of vanity, as she is an emissary of the light in the spiritual sense, through art, not through religion. The poetess is a feeler, but she forces the reader to become a thinker, and such a wonderful attainment suggests that she is a catalyst, a revolutionary, a transformer, and a reformer of human society. In other words, she is a pathfinder and a shepherdess, as art is her God, and creativity is her holy path. In my view, the most genius poem in this intriguing collection is poem number 50. Here the poetess, regardless whether it was written intuitively or subconsciously, in fact, exposes the paradox of existence, which is still hidden from contemporary mankind. The first stanza was so powerful in message that I was overwhelmed but the assertion of `I am your salvation’. The poetess is a redeemer of mankind. Salvation can only come from human evolution, hence from art, from love, and from peace. Moreover, the divine intervention is in fact the intervention of artists on earth. The call here is therefore to delve and look deep inside our inner world, wherein salvation resides, as God, not a religious God, but rather an artistic one, is within us all. The third dimension, between heaven and hell, is the earth. Hence the poetess here is analogous to both Mother Earth, in the physical sense, and to equality in relation to salvation. As a reader I could really feel that this divine poem was spoken by an angel. Add celestial and angelic to the poetess’s list of traits and characteristics, all which make this collection extremely powerful in message. Here, in poem 50 the message `I’m the only one who’ll ever love you’, refers to the child of the earth. The speaker is a divine force, a divine entity, God as an artist. Hence it is a call to return to the source of creation at heart, but in the spiritual definition, as the source of all creation is an artist, a creator, and not a far fetched religious God. The second stanza in poem 52 was somewhat humoristic, as here the absurd of what one gets from love reaffirms the waning which appeared in other poems, that love is a black hole and a destructive force that needs to be heeded. Poem 56 impressed me with its punch lines. Such quotes truly suggest that love is also a source of melancholy and depression, despite of all its majesty and power. In poems 61 and 62 the reader gets the feeling of despair. The cry of the artist here reminds me of the cry of the ancient prophets in the bible, when they had to deliver divine messages to mankind, but the rabble were too ignorant and oblivious to the truth, and therefore the prophets were ignored. The artist in general and the poet in particular, is the true emissary of the light. The poet is the bearer of the divine spark and the translator of the divine inspiration. In adverse to the priest, who is chosen by a human society, an artist is chosen by the divine order. Thus, I could really feel the pain of the poetess here, as she was not appreciated by her generation yet. It is the pangs of the divine messenger from which she suffers, but because there is no recognition of divine needs in a human society that she feels neglected, betrayed, ignored, and without remedy. These two poems are subversive of human being’s slow level of evolution. Poem 65 caught my attention, as artists use so much positive energy that they need to give vent to their energy also in another way. The poetess do not advocate for video games for the sake of vanity, for she merely uses video games to offset the balance and recharge her divine energy. The video games are the equilibrator, thus, the modern world can help the poetess to transmute feelings and restore energy. Some other authors, poets, and artists use other equilibrators such as gambling, alcohol, and even drugs, etc. Hence, the choice of the poetess here is rather mild in comparison with Poe, for example. It is a fact that without equilibrium artists experience deficient energy, depressions, and even blockage. Salvation can only come with the help of its opposite, which is vanity. Poem 66 was very powerful. Here the loss of memories, or rather the role of memories, is questioned because of the afflicted pain which is associated with them; an indication of despair and signs of melancholy and depressions associated with a broken heart. All because of love, yet love is never antagonized, even though there are warnings against the effects and destructions that are the consequences of love. In poem 69 I was fascinated by the notion of time and by the emotion of the void. The link to the divine realm, the sense of out of time, and the sense of emptiness occupied my mind here profoundly. Poem 72 was subversive of human oppressions, when the last stanza, constructed with irony, served criticism against the madness of tyrants. In poem 74 I was contemplating about naïve realism, particularly in the first stanza, as it voices the doubt of the poetess in regard to the reality around her. The last line, though may seem pessimistic, could also refer to a simple recognition that in the end we all die, and/or that the void is always out there to consume us. Hence, this poem is a reminder of the end, which is a return to non existence. I really felt for the poetess in poem 77 as it is a poem that reminds the reader about the lack of equality and fairness in society. In a way this poem calls for a change of such a fact, and for the restoration of equality. Everyone should be appreciated for their contribution on earth, not only the strong, rich, and or famous. There should be no social classes and no discrimination. Equality means that every poet and poetess should be able to feel happy, not only the chosen poets of society. Her recognition, however, in my view, based on her merits, should, paradoxically, be prioritized, because of her leading role in moral virtue. To support such a preference, it is better for a society that a healer sits in position of power rather than a shoe maker, even though they are equally worth as human beings. Thus, her frustration here is justified and understood, as others (heroes of vanity) are feasting on her harvest. She has a lot to give to the world but her spiritual gift is ignored because of the lack of evolution, and because of the rotten spirit of the age. In poem 80 there is an expression of a natural anticipation for the harvest. Here I was honored to intellectually gorge on her delicious poems. The most aesthetic and beautiful poem in this book, in my view, was poem 84, which is the poem about the willow. Here it felt as if the tree was humanized, which is a veracious symbolism, because there is something unusually magical and human about willows. In poem 85 I was impressed with the novel structure of the poem. It was incredibly artistic and unusual. Poem 87 was advocating for the salvation of the human spirit. Here there is a warning not to join the mainstream, but to remain faithful to one’s own spiritual gift and to uphold one’s own divine contract. It is a warning issued to all, so that individualism will be preserved and not fade away by the destructive madness of the collective. Hence, it is a poem that calls for the preservation of chastity and divine law. Poem 89 was brilliant in its style, as here the reader feels the ebb and flow through the repeating lines, as if the readers are surging back and forth like ebb and flow in the great currents of the sea. In the first two stanzas the first line, and the final line, of each stanza is `Cast away into the sea’ it means that the poem begins with a flow, then it reaches the reader, which stands on the shoreline, until the poetess command the reader to cast it back into the sea. It was brilliantly constructed. The third stanza, in adverse to the first two, breaks this pattern, but such a break of pattern is encouraged by the poetess, as she concludes the matter by asserting that the end of the matter is when the waves wash away sadness and agony. Here the message was compatible with the style of the poem and with the emotion that was conveyed through the rhythm of the sea. This poem, hence, was of a genius type. The first stanza of poem 94 reminded me about the Garden of Eden. Here petals, which appeared also in poem 15, are once more associated with innocence and sin. However, the last stanza of poem 94 is remarkable, as here the divine messenger, dares to ask the ultimate question. Fulfilling the mission on earth, complying with the divine contract, and following the spiritual gift, are the things which occupy the minds of the divine artist constantly. The adherence to the divine order, is disputably insufficient, hence, the poetess wishes to know about her progress pertaining the spiritual evolution. Poem 95 only solidifies the reader’s suspicion that the poetess is an emissary of the light. Here, her quest for salvation, and her feeling of incompletion, as she stresses that heaven is only a stone throw away, indicates that she is determined to save the earth from destruction. Thus, her task is, first, to save mankind from madness and from destruction. Her chief message is universal love, unity, and morality. However, because of her frustration that mankind is not aware yet of her grand mission on earth, it happens that she feels that she can’t stop the madness of mankind, and hence, inexplicably, she appeals for a divine intervention. Though she knows that only through mankind’s self realization that salvation will come, still, she is longing to return to heaven, or alternately, that heaven will reign on earth. It is a natural quest by a divine poet. Poem 97 alerted me as for the madness of modern society, which is trying to solve the pain of a broken heart with chemical pills. The poetess here criticizes society, and the reader identify with her that a broken heart cannot be mended with vain solutions. Hence, this is also a poem that advocates for reason, logic, and compassion, all of which are extinct among the leaders of a modern human society. Poem 103, like many other poems, contains the symbol of the sea. However, here the heroine is drowning beneath crushing waves of apathy, which means that apathy is her weakness point and her adversary. Apathy of others towards her sufferings and pain is the source of her depression. Here the same apathy is criticized, for mankind is pathetic towards the earth. Mother earth is destroyed, but because of the apathy of mankind, the earth cannot heal. Hence, this poem is equally subversive of apathy as it is calling for human/moral intervention. In a way it is a wake up call to save the earth from destruction. The sea is the source of all emotions, hence the water element which appears throughout the entire book; tears are analogous to rain, and waves and sea are analogues to actions and emotions, all point at the direction that the poetess deserves the additional epithets of , `Shannon McRoberts, an Aquarian poetess’ and `Shannon McRoberts, a poetess in the lead’. I enjoyed the paradox of the `waves of apathy`, in regard to a human emotion, but also because of the contrast of motion vs. motionless. The waves appear once again in poems 105 and 107. In poem 105 the poetess settles with her fall into depression and subsequently into madness. But madness, just like loneliness, is not the dream of the poetess. Her dream is to dwell in love, peace, and harmony. Her dream is of perfect balance and perfect life. She is the bearer of salvation, thus, when she falls into despair, or drown under the waves of apathy, or settle down with madness and loneliness, in fact, she is crying for help. Her pain is deep, like the sea; therefore sinking into a depression is the outcome of a broken heart. She feels betrayed, because there is no one that can really understand or relate to the pangs of a divine messenger. Her pain is a mystery to others because of her high level of consciousness. Poem 110 moved me deeply, for here I felt the pain of the poetess who was in her divine maturity. She is still in the growth of her mission, but she longs for the end of it. The divine fruit longs for the harvest, but the harvest is far away, and the pickers are gone. The journey of the poetess in this poem is a reminder that her divine ministry could save the earth, only if people were wise enough, or kind enough, to know her and feel her. Her divine need for spiritual evolution is deprived because of mankind’s apathy and ignorance. Nevertheless, despite of all her misery, the poetess is a redeemer owing to her adherence to the divine principle of creativity; a principle which is not yet reciprocated. The second stanza of poem 114, apart from the nice rhymes, was very powerful in the assertion of the poetess’s strong love for the earth. Hence, she is an altruist by faith, by words, and by deeds, a fact which can clarify the source of her pain. Moreover, the dialogue in the last verse of the poem reintroduces the angelic channel of communication, however, it reapers here as a reason for the poetess’s deep love. In poem 116 the poetess, who is a messenger of love, try to convince her adversary that love is the way, not hate. Thus, she mentions a higher messenger of love, because her adversary, or companion, refuses to believe her that love is the way. I’d therefore conclude that the poetess is chaste, pious, moral, and spiritual, but not religious as some readers could misconstrue. In poem 120 the book is analogous to the poetess’s heart, as she set it free. By thus she finds catharsis. The book, however, also could imply as for her mission on earth. When she sets the book free she imparts the divine knowledge through human emotions. Her broken heart is the price which she paid for the salvation of the earth. The message of love is healing, amending, repairing, for only through love mankind can heal itself, and subsequently heal the earth. The poetess accomplished a divine errand, thus, from her sea of compassion she released a book through the waves of love. Poem of 122 only confirms her good intentions and good heart as she pray for salvation. Universal love is projected through her altruism in this book. What a pleasure that it was for me to read and analyze these poems. I recommend this book to all avid readers of poetry, hence both for thinkers and feelers of poetry devotees. Shannon McRoberts is not only a talented artist, and not only a divine poetess, she is also a healer and a savior.
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“Kshanashaha kanasashchaiva vidyam arhtancha sadhayeth
Kshana thyage kutho vidya kana thyage kutho dhanam”
The benefits of education are well known: Education is the key to improve livelihoods, healthcare, nutrition and the exercise of civil and political rights. Ideally, education includes all forms of schooling. At their best, Colleges can be safe spaces where young people can forge identities, clarify values and develop critical thinking skills, while also learning to exercise their rights. Even though education begins before and goes beyond schooling, a new paradigm of ‘life-long learning’ in the colleges, emphasizes the transformative synergies that can occur between educational institutes, family, community and cultural experiences. It encompasses the acquisition of relevant capacities – the knowledge, marketable skills, social capital and values that enable individuals to function effectively in a range of adult roles, including worker, household provider, parent, spouse, family caretaker, citizen and community participant.
In ancient times, a king had a boulder placed on a roadway. Then he hid himself and watched to see if anyone would remove the huge rock. Some of the king’s wealthiest merchants and courtiers came by and simply walked around it. Many loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none did anything about getting the big stone out of the way. Then a learned man came along carrying a load of vegetables. On approaching the boulder, the man laid down his burden and tried to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing and straining, he finally succeeded. As the man picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the boulder had been. The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king indicating that the gold was for the person who removed the boulder from the roadway. The learned comprehend what many others never understand.
A.Shama Rao foundation’s, Srinivas group of colleges is an endeavor to develop a centre of excellence, imparting quality education, to generate competence and skill to meet the scientific, technological, managerial and socio economic challenges. The Foundation in its bi-decennial milestone serving mankind, manages a plethora of institutes and other social service organizations.
Excellence is the hallmark of Srinivas group of colleges. Excellence, which will deliver professional manpower to the industry and the nation at large. The Group has constantly strived to provide the best of the faculty members and state-of-the art facilities. The students are encouraged and supported not only to excel in academics, but also to develop their personality through co-curricular, extra curricular activities and other extension activities.
The Srinivas group of colleges, the dream of an ideal teacher A.Shama Rao, was made a reality by his noble son CA. A. Raghavendra Rao. The foundation named after the great luminary A.Shama Rao was established by his son in the year 1988.
Education is not just providing the powerful tool of knowledge to the young, but also nurturing an ethical conscience in them to apply it constructively. About 12,000 students in the 18 colleges of the Srinivas group spread in three campuses in Pandeshwar, Valachil and Mukka are being prepared for life by well qualified teaching and support staff. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line721 |
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Monster Sunday 6: Zombies Redux
writerdd Send an email June 1, 2008
A few months ago, I read a story about voodoo, zombies, and puffer fish in a magazine. I am not sure what magazine it was, because we subscribe to and buy single issues of a lot of science-related rags at my house. But a Google search showed that this, like Zombie Jesus, is not a rare topic. I’m out of town this weekend and I don’t have time to write up a thorough post on voodoo zombies, but here are some links to check out. Enjoy!
Two interesting posts from Neurophilosophy at scienceblogs.com:
In Haiti, zombification is a punishment for severe crimes. Coupe poudre is the powder used by a bokur to induce zombification. The active ingredient of coupe poudre is tetradotoxin (TTX), produced in the liver and ovaries of some species of puffer fish (e.g. Fugu rubripes). TTX is a neurotoxin 500 times more potent than cyanide. It acts by blocking the sodium ion channels which enable nerve and heart cells to produce electrical impulses. In miniscule doses TTX causes a near-death state in which metabolic functions are depressed, so that breathing and pulse rate are undetectable. Total paralysis follows, although the brain and senses remain intact. The victim is thought to be dead and is buried alive.
A few days after being buried, the ‘zombie’ is disinterred and given another powder containing atropine and scopolamine. These are toxic and hallucinogenic compounds from the plants Datura metel and Datura stramonium (both known as the ‘zombie cucumber’). This powder, when administered, puts the victim into a permanent state of delirium and disorientation in which they experience delusions and hallucinations. He or she can then be made to do menial work for those against which the crime was committed.
From Jennifer Ouellette at Cocktail Party Physics:Â
One day in 1980, a man claiming to be called Clairvius Narcisse showed up in a rural Haitian village. This came as something of a surprise to the villagers, since Narcisse had supposedly died in 1962, and was subsequently buried. The new arrival claiming to be Narcisse said he’d been turned into a zombie after his “death,” forced with other zombie slaves to work on a sugar plantation at the behest of his “master,” a voodoo priest. He claimed his own brother had put the plan in motion, since the two had quarreled over land ownership. The brother had since died, so the sudden reappearance of Narcisse to claim the inheritance raised a few suspicions, to say the least. Yet the newcomer knew certain facts of the dead man’s life that only Narcisse himself, it seemed, could have known. He claimed he’d been drugged into submission, and when the master died, and the drugs wore off, he regained his memory and sanity.
From the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (with bonus info on ghosts and vampires):
The zombie legends portrayed in movies such as Dawn of the Dead or 28 Days Later follow a similar pattern to the vampire legends. Once you are bitten by zombies, while you may manage to escape immediate death, you will eventually die and turn into a zombie, yourself. Thus, this particular type of zombie legend suffers the same flaw that we previously pointed out for the vampire legend. We still have some more work to do, however. There exists a second sort of zombie legend that pops its head up throughout the western hemisphere—the legend of “voodoo zombiefication.†This myth is somewhat different from the one just described, in that zombies do not multiply by feeding on humans but come about by a voodoo hex being placed by a sorcerer on one of his enemies. The myth presents an additional problem for us: one can witness for himself very convincing examples of zombiefication by traveling to Haiti or any number of other regions in the world where voodoo is practiced.
And a few more links for your Sunday entertainment:
http://skepdic.com/zombies.html
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/caribarch/zombi.htm
http://www.biology-online.org/articles/dead_man_walking.html
writerdd
Donna Druchunas is a freelance technical writer and editor and a knitwear designer. When she's not working, she blogs, studies Lithuanian, reads science and sci-fi books, mouths off on atheist forums, and checks her email every three minutes. (She does that when she's working, too.) Although she loves to chat, she can't keep an IM program open or she'd never get anything else done.
Nitpicking says:
The first account is a somewhat jumbled account of Wade Davis hypothesis as explained in his book The Serpent and the Rainbox.
Note that for a science blog it’s really not too accurate. It’s tetrodotoxin, not “tetra”. (It has nothing to do with “four”.) And it’s not hard to be a more potent neurotoxin than cyanide. Cyanide is not a neurotoxin at all, it binds to hemoglobin and blocks oxygen transport.
I don’t read that particular blog: is the poster claiming to be a scientist?
Er, the first account is a somewhat jumbled VERSION of …
When you use the name “nitpicking” you feel obligated to nitpick your own postings.
Dammit. And it’s Wade “Davis’s” account, and I mean meant “Rainbow”, not “Rainbox”. I wish this software let me edit my own postings.
Cyanide does not bind to hemoglobin.
Cyanide is an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa3) in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.) It attaches to the iron within this protein. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted, meaning that the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
xerhino says:
And Tetrodotoxin binds to the sodium gate on an axon, temporarily preventing the nerve from firing and possibly inducing a fugu buzz, paralysis, or death.
Apparently I was thinking of carbon monoxide for some reason. However, I don’t claim to be a scientist!
However, my point that CN is not a neurotoxin stands. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line722 |
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New Zealand's Great Walks: The Complete Guide by Paul Hersey; Shelley Hersey
Category: Tramping & Mountaineering
New Zealand's Great Walks are world class. In a country blessed with hundreds of spectacular tracks to choose from, these are considered the best of the best. They pass through some of our most breathtaking landscapes - including golden sand beaches, ancient rainforests and high mountains. New Zealand's Great Walks- The Complete Guide is the only handbook anyone will need to experience these outdoor adventures. Each of the walks (and one river journey) is presented in a clear, user-friendly way, including- - An overview and highlights - Planning notes - Track description - Points of interest - Other things to do in the area Also included in the book is- - A brief history of the Great Walks - Conservation information - Notes on how to prepare for your trip - Useful websites and resources Authored by expert outdoor enthusiasts Paul and Shelley Hersey and fully illustrated with maps and stunning photography, New Zealand's Great Walks is the guide no keen adventurer can do without! Revised and updated to include the Paparoa Track and Pike29 Memorial Track. ...Show more
The Complete Fly Fisherman by John McDonald
Category: Hunting and Fishing
Everest - The Mountaineering History by Walt Unsworth
After John Hunt's successful 1953 expedition he wrote in his diary that at least the Everest story was finished. In fact, it had scarcely begun. The first ascent was the end of a chapter but far from the end of the story. Since those days, well over 300 men and women have stood on the summit of the worl d's highest mountain, some of them several times, seeking new routes, faster times, or simply to be numbered among the elite who have stood on the roof of the world. Everest: The Mountaineering History tells the truth about many of the world's mountaineering heroes, about the incompetence, the pettiness, and rages, as well as the courage and skill. THIS COPY has no dust jacket. ...Show more
The Hermitage Years of Mannering and Dixon by Guy Mannering
The Warm Sun on My Face: The Story of Women's Cricket in New Zealand by Trevor Auger and Adrienne Simpson
Category: NZ Sports & Athletics
Despite what happened at Lord's in 2019, New Zealand has won a Cricket World Cup. It was at Lincoln in December 2000 that New Zealand beat Australia to win the Women's World Cup. The first recorded cricket match in New Zealand between teams of women had been played in the Wairarapa as long ago as 1867 and the New Zealand women played their first Test match in 1935. In 2014 Debbie Hockley became the second New Zealander after Sir Richard Hadlee to be inducted into the International Cricket Council Hall of Fame. This is the story of women's cricket in New Zealand, from its earliest humble origins to its glory days on the international stage. It is also the story of the women who have come to be recognised amongst the very best in the world at their sport. It is the story of a game played for the sheer love of it, and of the hard work of the dedicated souls who built and sustained women's cricket, often in the face of challenge and adversity. Most of all it is the story of every woman who relished the warm sun on her face as she enjoyed the Trevor Auger has been involved with cricket almost all his life. A senior club cricketer in his day, he had earlier been the press scorer at international matches at Eden Park during the 1970s, taking inspiration from working alongside some of the top cricket writers from New Zealand and around the world. He contributes a regular column to the Auckland Cricket website, and he is a member of the Auckland Cricket Judicial Committee. Adrienne Simpson was a passionate cricket follower. She began research for a history of women's cricket in New Zealand in the late 1990s and was able to collect a vast trove of material. Unfortunately she took ill and passed away in 2010 before she could finish the book. Her family donated her to the New Zealand Cricket Museum, and her tireless efforts are the foundation upon which this book has been built. ...Show more
Classic Walks of New Zealand by Craig Potton
This guide describes nine of New Zealand's classic back-country walking tracks, including: Stewart Island's North-West circuit; the Kepler, Milford, Routeburn, Heapy and Abel Tasman tracks; and circuits of Mount Taranaki, Ruapehu and Lake Waikaremoana.
The Canterbury Mountaineer 1999 by John Wilson Editor
Kwaheri! by Robert von Reitnauer
Stories of the Outdoors by Norm Livingston
As If Running on Air: The Diaries and Journals of Jack Lovelock by David Colquhoun
Category: Sports & Athletics | Reading Level: very good
In the 1930s the New Zealander Jack Lovelock was one of the world's best-known athletes. In 1933 he broke the world record for the mile. At the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games he won a gold medal and broke the world record for the 1500 metres. When he retired, a leading sports writer lamented the end of a gol den age of mile racing. Throughout his running career Lovelock kept journals and diaries. While much has been written about Lovelock, until now his journals and diaries have never been published. As If Running on Air reproduces his journals from late 1931 to the end of 1935 and extracts from his 1936 training diary. An entry appears for every race. Collectively they constitute a unique record of a sporting life in the 1930s and offer insights into just what it took to make a world champion. First published August 2008. ...Show more
Conquerers of Time by Lynn McConnell
Category: Sports & Athletics
While the world suffered the great depression in the thirties, one aspect of society was booming. Track and Field had become hugely popular and milers above all. This meticulously researched book by New Zealand journalist Lynn McConnell charts the period between the Los Angeles Olympics in 1932 and the infamous Nazi Games of Berlin four years later.?The main characters were New Zealander Jack Lovelock (although he was claimed by Great Britain as well). The son of immigrants Lovelock was born in New Zealand but following his studies at Oxford he returned only once to the land of his birth, preferring to remain in England. The US provided the extrovert Glenn Cunningham, the eccentric Bill Bonthron and the unlucky Gene Venzke. Then there was Italian Luigi Beccal, the 1932 Olympic 1500m champion,two British runners, Jerry Cornes and Sydney Wooderson, and Phil Edwards of Canada. Their rivalry took interest in athletics to new heights in the USA as well as fascinating the rest of the world. The four years provided exciting racing culminating in one of the great Olympic 1500 metres final won by Lovelock in a world record. ...Show more
Rugby Football by D.R. Gent | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line729 |
__label__cc | 0.520246 | 0.479754 | 'North Korea's Denuclearization is Matter of Survival for South Korea'
© AP Photo / Ahn Young-joon
The Relationship Between the Two Koreas (166)
https://cdn1.img.sputniknews.com/img/104741/21/1047412165_0:199:3473:2153_1200x675_80_0_0_80a7be4976dbda6603fc8ec0c3c82a03.jpg
https://sputniknews.com/asia/201706121054558234-north-south-korea-denuclearization/
South Korea reiterated its call for ending Pyongyang's nuclear program.
TOKYO (Sputnik) — The end of Pyongyang’s nuclear program is a matter of survival for Seoul, South Korean President Moon Jae-in said Monday.
"North Korea's denuclearization is needed to ensure peace in the world and Northeast Asia, but for South Korea, it is a matter of survival," Moon said at a meeting with Toshihiro Nikai, a special envoy of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, as quoted by the Yonhap news agency.
According to Moon’s office, Nikai conveyed to the South Korean leader a letter from Abe, in which the Japanese prime minister stressed the need to continue putting pressure on North Korea and to strengthen the sanctions until Pyongyang completely abandons its nuclear program.
© REUTERS / KCNA
North Korea Rejects New UNSC Sanctions, Intends to Continue Nuclear Buildup
Moon, in his turn, said that sanctions and pressure alone were not enough to settle the issue, and stressed the need to bring North Korea back to the negotiating table, Moon’s spokesman Park Soo-hyun said, as cited by the media.
Moon explained that South Korea must keep up with sanctions and pressure, but at the same time show its northern neighbor that once Pyongyang ends the nuclear program, it will receive help from Seoul.
Earlier in June, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution to expand the scope of sanctions, travel ban and asset freeze against North Korea.
North Korea conducted its most recent ballistic missile launch on June 8, launching several short-range surface-to-ship cruise missiles off the country’s eastern coast in what was the fourth missile test over a month.
'Swordplay' Between China, N Korea is Not What US and Allies Perceive It to Be
South Korea Finds Suspected North Korean Spy Drone Within its Borders
Seoul Will Honor THAAD Agreement with US - South Korean Security Chief
North Korea Claims New Cruise Missile Can Crush US, South Korean Warships
denuclearization, Toshihiro Nikai, Shinzo Abe, Moon Jae-in, South Korea, Democratic Republic of North Korea (DPRK) | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line733 |
__label__wiki | 0.996982 | 0.996982 | Boris Johnson Calling French 'Turds' Reportedly Cut From BBC Documentary
© REUTERS / DYLAN MARTINEZ
https://cdn1.img.sputniknews.com/img/107607/92/1076079205_0:134:3161:1913_1199x675_80_0_0_914e8b869e3ebfff72674a7a6b0e64ad.jpg
https://sputniknews.com/europe/201906281076081621-boris-johnson-france-bbc-film/
Then-UK Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson reportedly made the stern remark in exasperation at what he perceived as France’s irreconcilable stance on Brexit negotiations amid Prime Minister Theresa May’s efforts to secure a deal.
The Foreign Office has managed to persuade the BBC to cut footage of Boris Johnson calling the French “turds” from the news outlet’s documentary, the Daily Mail reports.
Johnson, who is one of two contenders for Theresa May's role as Conservative Party leader and UK prime minister, reportedly made the gaffe in a sign of frustration over France’s intransigence in Brexit negotiations.
The crude remark, which was made by Johnson when he was UK Foreign Secretary, has been scrapped because it could damage Anglo-French relations and make Brexit talks more difficult, according to a Whitehall memo seen by the Daily Mail.
“We negotiated the removal of one potentially awkward moment where the former foreign secretary calls the French 'turds' so as not to distract from the rest of the programme”, the memo, in particular, noted.
Commenting on the matter, a BBC spokesperson, in turn, told the Daily Mail that the three-part fly-on-the-wall documentary “set out to reflect the realities of life inside the Foreign Office”.
“The production team made judgements about what was in the programme and they are satisfied that the programme achieves its ambitions and has the content they wanted”, the spokesperson added.
While the Foreign Office has not commented on the issue yet, Johnson, for his part, reportedly said that he could not recollect his describing the French as “turds”.
Johnson, who resigned in protest against Theresa May’s Brexit blueprint, is currently tapped as the overwhelming favourite to replace May as Conservative Party leader and prime minister after her announcement last month that she is stepping down.
Boris Johnson is a 'Coward' For Avoiding Debate - Jeremy Hunt
Tory MPs May Hatch Fresh 'Rebellion' Against Tory Frontrunner Boris Johnson to Block No-Deal Brexit
There's Obviously a Bigger Agenda to Stop Boris Johnson - Ex-London Mayoral Candidate
Boris Johnson Needs to Align With Brexit Party to Make UK-EU Divorce Reality - Pundit
Brexit, talks, France, Theresa May, Boris Johnson, Britain | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line734 |
__label__cc | 0.716501 | 0.283499 | Home › "Union" Jordan 1 Retro Cleats
"Union" Jordan 1 Retro Cleats
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These Jordan 1 Retro baseball cleats combines elements of previous OG Air Jordan 1 releases like the “Black Toe” and White/Grey colorways
Each custom pair is hand painted, and no two products are the same. Upon purchasing this product, please allow between 2-4 weeks for delivery. Stadium Custom Kicks is not affiliated with NIKE, Inc, or any of its subsidiaries or its affiliates. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line735 |
__label__cc | 0.522725 | 0.477275 | South End, C&O Canal, Paw Paw Tunnel, MD - Canal Tunnels on Waymarking.com
South End, C&O Canal, Paw Paw Tunnel, MD
in Canal Tunnels
Posted by: garmin_geek
Quick Description: Southern end of 3,118 foot long manmade tunnel for the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal and tow path.
Location: Maryland, United States
Date Posted: 7/18/2012 6:40:21 AM
Waymark Code: WMEXG7
Published By: veritas vita
The C&O Canal began as a dream of passage to Western wealth. Operating for nearly 100 years the canal was a lifeline for communities along the Potomac River as coal, lumber and agricultural products floated down the waterway to market.
The Paw Paw Tunnel is a 3,118 feet (950 m) long canal tunnel in Maryland on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which was built to bypass the Paw-Paw bends, a six-mile stretch of the Potomac River containing five horseshoe bends. Construction on the tunnel began in 1836, and the tunnel was not completed until 1850. Although it was originally planned to be completed in two years, there were many difficulties in the process of construction. The construction company seriously underestimated the difficulty of the job. Violence frequently broke out between various gangs of immigrant laborers of different ethnicities, and wages were often unpaid due to the company's financial problems. The tunnel was finally completed with a cost overrun of 500%. Though surpassed by many tunnels today, it remains one of the world's longest canal tunnels and was one of the greatest engineering feats of its day. (Wikipeda)
The 184.5 mile long C&O tow path is a popular bicycle trail and it runs though the tunnel.
Canal Boat Registers 1851-1880, Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal
Canal boats operating on the C&O Canal were registered by the Canal Company through the years. Upon the completion of the canal to Cumberland in 1851 the Board of Directors of the company issued a new set of regulations to govern the classification and equipment of the boats plying the waterway. These rules were largely a confirmation of the existing regulations, modified and brought up to date by the lessons of the first revisions. The new rules went into effect on April 1, 1851. Throughout the first year of operation on the completed waterway, a total of 223 boats were registered under the new regulations.
During the years 1873–74, the C&O Canal Company surveyed the condition of the boats on the waterway and registered them on a new list. These were the peak years for the canal coal trade. Most of the boats were registered in 1873 and 1874, but this list also includes four boats registered in 1875 and 1876.
The register lists 539 boats operating on the canal. Some boats are listed twice as they were sold in this time period and re-entered with a new name and owner. For example the boat named A. Cownton Gruber, owned by Steffey and Findley, became Arthur Gruber when E.P. Steffey bought out Mr. Findley.
The boats were divided into the following classifications as established by the 1851 regulations: The dimensions of the various classes of craft were as follows:
Class A—length (minimum of 89 feet; maximum of 92 feet); width (minimum of 14 feet; maximum of 14 feet, 6 inches); draft when empty (minimum of 11 inches; maximum of 18 inches); draft when loaded (minimum of 4 feet, 6 inches; maximum of 4 feet, 9 inches).
Class B—length (minimum of 50 feet; maximum of 90 feet); width (minimum of 13 feet, 4 inches; maximum of 14 feet, 6 inches); draft when empty (minimum of 10 inches; maximum of 18 inches); draft when loaded (minimum of 2 feet, 6 inches; maximum of 4 feet, 9 inches).
Class C—length (minimum of 88 feet; maximum of 96 feet); width (minimum of 14 feet; maximum of 14 feet, 6 inches); draft when empty (minimum of 10 inches; maximum of 18 inches); draft when loaded (minimum of 4 feet, 6 inches; maximum of 4 feet, 9 inches).
Class D—length (minimum of 75 feet; maximum of 90 feet); width (minimum of 14 feet; maximum of 14 feet, 6 inches); draft when empty (minimum of 8 inches; maximum of 14 inches); draft when loaded (minimum of 3 feet; maximum of 4 feet, 6 inches).
(Western Maryland Historical Library)
Is the Tunnel in Use?: In Use
Which End is this Entrance?: South West
Date Constructed: 1/1/1850
Length of Tunnel: 3,118
Construction Material: brick/stone block
Associated Website: [Web Link]
Visit Instructions:
If visiting this Waymark please post at least one picture with your visit log and describe your experience at the location. This adds quality to the Waymark and additional information.
Nearest Canal Tunnels
Date Logged Log
9/19/2014 Rivers End visited it
8/17/2013 Searcher28 visited it
1/23/2013 Tprints visited it
8/25/2012 davee-n-cachincarrie visited it
View all visits/logs | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line736 |
__label__wiki | 0.984484 | 0.984484 | The Accüsed A.D.: Crossover Icons Tell “A Terrible Tale” in New Music Video (PREMIERE)
By No Echo
Last year saw the release of The Ghoul in the Mirror, the latest from The Accüsed A.D., the band featuring classic lineup members vocalist Blaine Cook and guitarist Alex “Maggot Brain” Sibbald. The collection was produced by Jack Endino (Screaming Trees, Toxic Holocaust) and mastered by Scot Hull of the almighty Pig Destroyer, and finds Blaine and Alex joined by the rhythm section of bassist Steve McVay and drummer Chris Gohde.
Life After Death: The Accused A.D.
By Rod Orchard
The 1980’s punk and hardcore scenes were a breeding ground for artists and bands who were looking to do their own thing. bands and labels were popping up and releasing great new music that seemed to fall under the “punk” or “hardcore” music umbrella. In the 80’s the genre of “crossover” was birthed with bands like D.R.I., Corrosion Of Conformity, Suicidal Tendencies and the like. One band that quickly stood out with their own brand of crossover they called “Splatterrock” was Seattle’s Accused.
The bands record cover artwork was as off the beaten path as their style of crossover. They quickly became a cult favorite not only because of the aforementioned Splatterrock style, but because of their insane live shows. Of all of the bands who have come out of the punk and hardcore scenes there isn’t another bands that has ever sounded like the Accused. People haven’t even tried. Blaine Cook’s vocal delivery is so original and such as huge aspect of the Accused sound that the band without him at the mic can’t be considered the Accused.
HEAVY MUSIC HEADQUARTERS
“The Seattle horror-punk/metal/crossover band The Accused formed in the early ’80s and released numerous albums, the last in 2009. The Accused A.D.‘s lineup includes former The Accused vocalist Blaine Cook and guitarist Alex “Maggotbrain” Sibbald along with Steve “The Beast” McVay and drummer Mickey Widmere (The Poison Idea).
This incarnation ( has the same “splatter-rock” aesthetic as the original band. Tracks like “Hate Your Friends” and “Pick The Sores” are raw and fast with that crossover vibe, while songs such as “Dirt Merchant” and “Looking For The Smell” are more in the traditional metal vein with catchy riffs and a medium pace. They go back to the classic rock era for a punked up cover of Rick Derringer’s “Rock And Roll, Hootchie Koo.” Cook’s distinctive vocals and the band’s raucous music makes this an enjoyable listen.”
THE ACCÜSED A.D. Brings The Slow-Churning, Snotty Punk On “A Terrible Tail”
By Greg Kennelty
The Accüsed A.D., the band formerly known as Toe Tag, recently signed to Blackhouse Records. The band will release their new album The Ghoul in the Mirror on May 10, which is also their first under the The Accüsed A.D. moniker. We’re proudly premiering their new song “A Terrible Tail” today, which vocalist Blaine Cook says is lyrically a tribute to the pre-Jerky Boys project Bar Bum Bastards. Musically, it’s a snotty-ass slow-churning punk riff machine that demands to be blasted, lest you piss off the likes of Martha Splatterhead.
THE ACCÜSED A.D.
TRACK PREMIERE: “A TERRIBLE TAIL”
THE GHOUL IN THE MIRROR LP/CD/DIG
BLACKHOUSE RECORDS (5/10/19)
CVLT Nation has premiered “A Terrible Tail” a new track from The Accüsed A.D. this morning. Churning riffs, choked vocals and a raw rhythmic attack, the track is possessed of the bastard horror-punk/metal hybrid sound known as “splatter-rock” that the band members originated.
With lyrics that deal in part with grave-robbing and making a skull-bong out of someone’s departed mutha, there’s no mistaking which band this is. Speaking on the track, vocalist Blaine Cook said “it’s a tribute to the ‘Bum Bar Bastards’ who did a series of prank calls from 1975-1978. These calls were referred to as ‘the tube bar tapes’ or ‘the red tapes.’ They were pretty legendary and definitely not acceptable by today’s standards.”
Listen to “A Terrible Tail” via CVLT Nation premiere here:
The track is taken from the forthcoming full-length, The Ghoul In The Mirror for Blackhouse Records (May 10th) .As evidenced from the album artwork, their toothy undead muse, Martha Splatterhead is also along for the ride.
The label has launched an album pre-order which boasts some essential collector items for the band’s fans and catalogue completest. The first 100 pre-orders will receive Toxic green Accüsed sunglasses and exclusive comic-book. The first 150 pre-orders will receive the comic book. There will only be 200 CD copies available and 400 vinyl copies available (the latter divided into black and clear with yellow or red splatter patterns).
Pre-Order LP/CD: https://blackhouseinc.storenvy.com/products/26169618-the-accused-ad-the-ghoul-in-the-mirror-lp-cd
Produced by the legendary Jack Endino (Nirvana, Mudhoney) and metal mastered by Scott Hull (Pig Destroyer, Agoraphobic Nosebleed) himself this is a ripper of an album!
First single “Juego Terminado” which already received the video treatment (link below)
Watch official video for “Juego Terminado” here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9F34R3ykPGo
The Accüsed A.D. is an off-shoot of the original Accüsed who formed in 1981 in Seattle and became a foundation for the sub-genre of metal/punk known as cross-over. However as Decibel Magazine proclaims in the issue 175, which inducts the band’s highly influential 1987 full-length More Fun Than An Open Casket Funeral, “this is where ‘Splatter Rock’ originated-both figuratively and literally-as the band peppered its graphic songs with both politicial/social outrage and obscure horror-movie samples.”
The band is currently on a U.S. run that will conclude with a performance at the Maryland Death Fest in May.
U.S. Publicity Contact: Jerry Graham, JerryGrahamPublicity@gmail.com
Please welcome The Accused AD to Blackhouse.
Ladies and Gentlemen, please welcome The Accused AD to Blackhouse Records. With the knife-wielding, toothy-grinned Martha Splatterhead at their side, Seattle’s own THE ACCUSED carved their way into the underground music scene by becoming one
METAL NEXUS
Review: THE ACCUSED AD – ‘The Ghoul in The Mirror’ [Official Video]
By CountDoom
Blaine Cook (also known as The Wizard) is a musical figure who has been around since the 80’s. He started his music career fronting the Seattle based political punk band The Fartz, but he is perhaps best know for his time in Splatter Rock kings The Accused. Founded in 1981, The Accused were one of the most important bands of the time as they were one of the first to bridge the gap between Punk Rock and Thrash Metal which eventually lead to the creation of Crossover. Despite being an influence on everyone from Lamb of God, Cannibal Corpse, Dead Cross and Municipal Waste, The Accused largely remained underground and underappreciated. Fast forward to 2019 and we no longer have The Accused; but we do have something just as great: The Accused AD! This is a band that features the iconic vocals of Blaine Cook as well as the talents of Alex “Maggotbrain” Sibbald, Steve “The Beast” McVay, and Poison Idea drummer Mickey Widmere! Later this year, The band is scheduled to release a limited edition tape entitled ‘The Ghoul in the Mirror’ via Blackhouse Records Ltd. The album will be produced by Jack Endino (Nirvana, Toxic Holocaust) and mastered by Pig Destroyer’s Scott Hull!
Read More …..
IDIOTEQ
By Karol Kamińsk
Blackhouse Records has signed the legendary crossover thrash band THE ACCUSED, now dubbed THE ACCUSED AD! Check out the band’s new song and video “Juego Terminado”, coming from their new LP “The Ghoul In The Mirror”, to be released on Vinyl, CD, CS, and Digital!
With the knife-wielding, toothy-grinned Martha Splatterhead at their side, Seattle’s own THE ACCUSED carved their way into the underground music scene by becoming one of the cornerstones of crossover music that melted faces in the 80s across the globe––A punk/metal fusion that planted its ever-growing seed in modern heavyweights such as MUNICIPAL WASTE, LAMB OF GOD, CANNIBAL CORPSE, the Patton/Lombardo project DEAD CROSS, and many more.
The Brooklyn Vegan
The Accused AD prep new music w/ Jack Endino, touring, playing MDF
By Andrew Sacher
The Accused AD is one of the current versions of Seattle crossover thrash vets The Accüsed, who are fronted by Blaine Cook (who joined The Accüsed in 1984 after leaving The Fartz). The lineup also includes Alex Sibbald, Steve McVay, and Mickey Widmere. The Accused AD are gearing up to release new music this year, mixed and engineered by Seattle grunge legend Jack Endino and mastered by Pig Destroyer’s Scott Hull. The cover art was done by KC Angel. That’s all we know for now, but stay tuned for more.
MASS MOVEMENT
The Accüsed AD
by Tim Cundle
Whoever it was that said that you should never meet you heroes obviously never met Blaine Cook, former vocalist with The Fartz and The Accused and the current frontman of The Accused AD and Toe Tag. The Accused were one of the first Hardcore / Crossover bands that I ever heard after Tommy Vance played Take My Time, on the Friday Rock Show in 1986 and I immediately fell in love with their raw, visceral, brutal crossover that, thanks to the anger soaked vocals of Blaine Cook, carved its way into my cerebellum. Their music has been part of my life for the last three decades and some spare change, and the vocalist whose venom and fury forever change my life, has been my friend for the last fifteen years or so. He is, without a shadow of a doubt, one of the most open, honest and genuinely nice people I know . | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line739 |
__label__wiki | 0.906012 | 0.906012 | Wayne Rainey Q&A: Why a short MotoGP season without Marquez still counts
August 4, 2020, 10:53 AM ·13 min read
Why a short MotoGP season without Marquez still counts
The news that MotoGP champion Marc Marquez is set to miss several races after a second surgery on his broken arm presents a huge opportunity for his rivals. But any claims that the 2020 season will be devalued simply don't wash with three-time 500cc world champion Wayne Rainey, as he told LEWIS DUNCAN
Much has been made of Marc Marquez's crash which resulted in a broken right arm at the Spanish Grand Prix, and his subsequent absence from the MotoGP Andalusian GP, which some believe will devalue the title should another rider usurp him this season.
That reality looks more likely now, after Honda confirmed Marquez had to undergo a second operation on his arm after the plate suffered stress damage. As a result, the six-time world champion will miss this weekend's Czech GP at Brno, potentially putting him at a 75-point disadvantage should Fabio Quartararo win his third race of the season.
With an extra race to be added at the end of the year - which Autosport understands will be the Portuguese GP at the Algarve circuit - this could offer Marquez a slim hope of being a title contender come the end of a year, while some observers have written off the campaign as being further devalued by its short length.
The last point seems to totally write off the achievements of past champions - including three-time 500cc world champion Wayne Rainey, who sat down for a chat with Autosport from his home in California to discuss the current championship and more.
Autosport: Because you guys only had 13, 14 rounds back in the day, what are your thoughts on claims that a shorter season devalues the MotoGP title?
Wayne Rainey: "First of all, because of the pandemic, everything's been compromised, the whole world is compromised. So just to get to put a championship together with 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 rounds, is more than enough. Look how excited everybody is just after that first race. Same thing our side here in the States when we ran MotoAmerica.
"People love racing, this is part of their [life], the excitement that fans get by watching the world's best riders duke it out. If the championship is grown to 21, 22 races, and then now it's down to 12, it doesn't affect me at all, doesn't affect the way I look at it.
"It's the same for everyone. Riders, they all line up at the same time, everybody's there, it's the same commitment, nothing is different.
"The only thing is is that if you make a mistake early, it might be more difficult to make that up down the road because you don't have all those races to crawl back. You have to take that into consideration when you put your race programme together and calculate how you're going to try to win the championship this year."
AS: That's a good point, because last year Marc crashed at Austin, but he had 17 rounds to catch that back up. Because you knew a season was only 13 or 15 rounds long, was the pressure still the same knowing that you only had a short window to make up for any mistakes?
WR: "100%. We looked at a 12 or 14 round championship as the world championship. 'Okay, this is what we have, this is the number of rounds'. We never really looked at it like 'Oh, I wish it was longer or more rounds'.
"Whether it's a six race calendar or 12 race calendar, I believe every single team and rider is doing the best they can, giving it the max they can every single time they're on the bike" Wayne Rainey
"We lined up going into the first pre-season test, we knew what to expect. And I expect that to be no different now. All these riders, all these teams in MotoGP all lined up knowing this was the calendar.
"Whether it's a six race calendar or 12 race calendar, I believe every single team and rider is doing the best they can, giving it the max they can every single time they're on the bike to get the most performance for the race on Sunday, get the result and then on Monday reset for the next race. I don't see it being any different, no matter how long the calendar is."
Honda boss Alberto Puig courted controversy when he claimed the winner of this year's title "shouldn't be satisfied" if they did so with Marquez injured. Marquez, amongst others refuted this, and Rainey - more than most - is better positioned to comment.
In 1992, a serious leg injury for Honda rival Mick Doohan opened the door for the Yamaha star to claim a third 500cc title. And in 1993, Rainey lost a the chance to win a fourth when he crashed at the Misano race late in the season and was paralysed from the waist down - which ultimately cleared the way for Kevin Schwantz on the Suzuki to take the championship.
AS: Alberto Puig made some comments last month that the rider who beats Marc to the title while he's injured wouldn't be "completely satisfied", suggesting that the title would be in some way devalued. What's your take on that?
WR: "Knowing Alberto, he probably didn't mean to say that to get out into the press. Maybe [he] meant it like kind of an off the cuff comment. But, if anybody should know that that's not true [it] would be Alberto. If that was a serious comment, he won his first and only grand prix [at Jerez in 1995] because Mick fell off, but I wouldn't think that he wouldn't say that 'hey, I didn't win that race because Mick wasn't there'. I think he thought 'Mick made the mistake, I won the race' and it's no different here.
"Marc was leading race, went off track, [made a] hell of a save, [put in a] damn good ride back up through the field. And then it was an awesome ride until he made a mistake again. He has nobody [to blame]. Those other riders, they didn't make a mistake. So I think those guys, they're not looking at it like, 'hey, I don't think this championship's diminished or this race is diminished'. And I think Marc would also say the same thing.
PLUS: Why 'illegitimate' 2020 MotoGP title claims are bogus
"What you said about Mick and myself in '92, which a rider in a season can't say, where there is a situation like that, that hasn't happened to each and every one of us? You could say the same thing about Kevin and I in '93. I was leading the championship, I had my accident, it took me out, Kevin (below, right) went on to win the championship. I in no way look at that saying, 'well, that's been diminished because I wasn't there'. I made the mistake, Kevin didn't and he was the world champion. That's what it's all about.
"You race the 12 race championship, the only way you can be champion is [by being] the guy with the most points at the end of the championship. Each and every race counts, and especially in a sporting and season like this odd one, you have to be there every, every single race. Marc made the mistake, not Quartararo, so they line back up and then see what happens at the next one. So no, not at all, it's not diminished at all."
AS: It's interesting you mentioned Puig's win in 1995, because he later clarified his comment saying his view came from personal experience. But I suppose a rider thinks a win is a win regardless of how it happened, because they didn't make the mistake?
WR: "Exactly. Quartararo had the gap out there. Watching Marc, he came through and then when he pushed the front made that miraculous save, he rode it back out onto the track, and then he made a few more mistakes trying to get going again. But he was catching those guys four tenths of a second lap because he went right through everybody, was on Maverick [Vinales].
"Some people said, 'he hit that line when he went down', but if you actually look at that same corner at that same time, Maverick was actually more on the inside of the paint. The only difference that I saw was that Marc had more lean angle and that thing stepped out. It reminded me of back in the day in grand prix on 500 bikes. That thing just stepped out and it was a huge highside.
"But Marc coming through, especially with the mistake that he made and coming back through, a podium would have been an awesome result. And when that thing first let go, I'm sure he thought, 'damn, a podium would have been OK'. But this championship, you're not going to win every single race, you have to be on the podium, or as close as you can to the podium and try to put pressure on the other rider hoping that they can make a mistake."
AS: If Marc has to miss races, does the pressure on Fabio for example grow because there is almost more expectation for him to capitalise on Marc's absense? Is this something you had back in 1992 with Doohan?
WR: "When you lead the world championship, it's the greatest thing in the world, especially if you win the first race. In 1990 when I won my first world championship and the first race was at Suzuka, and we put a big whoopin' on them.
"He's leading the world championship, but he's got Maverick there, and Dovi looks good so there's a couple of other guys that look like they could capitalise. It looks pretty exciting to me. I don't know how wounded Marc is, but he can also be a threat" Wayne Rainey
"I put a big stamp of authority from the get go, they knew that I was going to be the guy that is going to be the strongest. But on Monday after Suzuka I put that out of my mind and it was all about getting ready for the next race.
"Now Quartararo is just gonna chip away and do the best he can. If he can win, that's great. If he gets second or third, that's okay. If he gets fifth or sixth, it's where you have to finish these races, especially with a shortened season.
"He's leading the world championship, but he's got Maverick there, and Andrea Dovizioso looks good so there's a couple of other guys that look like they could capitalise. It looks pretty exciting to me. I don't know how wounded Marc is, but he can also be a threat."
AS: What did you make of Marc attempting his comeback so soon after a pretty big injury? As a racer, do you feel indestructible when you have those big offs and are able to be in a position to ride again so soon?
WR: "You're probably asking the wrong guy that! I was one of them warriers... I recall one time I broke my femur under my kneecap, the medial condyle; it's where your knee bends. We had surgery and I was trying to get range of motion and I had a lot of scar tissue build up.
"I remember they put an epidural in my back so I could train and I started riding motorcycles again, mini bikes in the dirt at first. Then at night we would take this epidural, which would numb me from my waist down and I couldn't feel my legs at all. Then my trainer would just work the knee trying to bust through that scar tissue.
"Seeing these riders come back after a big break, like Marc had or some of these other riders have like, [Jorge] Lorenzo did there a few years ago. That's just the way they're wired. 'If I can just get back there and just stay close, I can get some points'. You at least want to try to see if you can do it, and I think that's the mentality of it."
During the Spanish GP weekend, it became apparent that Yamaha had one of the slowest bikes through the speed traps. While it managed a 1-2 in both Jerez races, it could find itself struggling in the upcoming Brno and Red Bull Ring races. Having ridden Yamaha machinery throughout his career, Rainey notes that Yamaha's philosophy on bike building hasn't really changed since his day.
AS: Yamaha seems to be having engine problems again, and they were slow at Jerez. What was the Yamaha philosophy like back in your day?
WR: "Back in my era Yamaha was one of the slowest consistent top speed bikes on the grid. I remember at Hockenheim, we were close to 25km/h slower than what [Shinichi] Ito's Honda was at Hockenheim.
"But it's so much more than just having ultimate top speed. As we see at a track like Jerez, you just need a bike that's rideable, manageable with the electronics. And the way that the Yamaha, it's natural DNA as far as chassis goes, it's been a very rider friendly bike.
"Yamaha struggled last year with that acceleration torque and all-out speed compared to its competitors. But I think some of the tracks that they're racing on this year, it's not going to affect them as much" Wayne Rainey
"But, the Honda, their philosophy was 'we got to show that we can engineer with the most horsepower' and in seasons past that has caught them out and maybe even cost them championships. I think it ebbs and flows. I thought the Yamaha looked really good this year and they struggled last year with that acceleration torque and all-out speed compared to its competitors.
"But I think some of the tracks that they're racing on this year, it's not going to affect them as much. You've got the uphill at the Czech Republic, and what other tracks do they go to with where you need power?"
AS: They have two races at Red Bull Ring in Austria.
WR: "That could be one for just all out brute torque, getting out the corner and going through the gears. But if they have a power issue, maybe that's where it's gonna affect them. But I think in the end of the year it all evens out.
"Quartararo has had a lot of pole positions on a bike that wasn't necessarily the fastest one..."
Get unlimited access to the world’s best motorsport journalism with Autosport Plus | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line741 |
__label__wiki | 0.759764 | 0.759764 | Thomas P.M. Couse
Former Cutchogue summer resident Thomas P.M. Couse of Jackson, N.J., died Feb. 8 at home. He was 75.
Born in Neptune, N.J., to William and Elizabeth Couse, he spent a great deal of time in Cutchogue at his family’s summer home on Beachwood Lane. He “was steeped in the local traditions and events for which summers on the North Fork are known,” according to a family statement.
Mr. Couse served in the U.S. Navy, held a Bachelor of Science degree and earned a master’s degree in electrical engineering from New York University. He was president of Advanced Control Components in New Jersey for 26 years before his retirement in 2008. He lived in Freehold, N.J., before moving to Jackson seven years ago.
A communicant of St. Aloysius R.C. Church in Jackson, Mr. Couse was an avid golfer, according to family.
He is survived by his wife of 39 years, Joanne; his son, Charles, of Richmond, Va.; his daughter, Ellen Runk of Harleysville, Pa.; his sister, Elizabeth Hardy of Interlaken, N.J.; and two grandchildren.
A service was held Feb. 19 at the George S. Hassler Funeral Home in Jackson. Interment will take place Saturday, April 30, at Cutchogue Cemetery.
Memorial donations may be made to the Compassionate Care Hospice Foundation, 11 Independence Way, Newark, DE 19713, www.cchfoundation.net; the American Cancer Society, Eastern Division Inc., Ocean Unit, P.O. Box 5066, Cherry Hill, NJ 08034; or the National Parks Conservation Association, P.O. Box 97202, Washington, DC 20077-7435. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line747 |
__label__cc | 0.621902 | 0.378098 | 12 Winters Blog
Interview with Beth Gilstrap: I Am Barbarella
Posted in February 2015, Uncategorized by Ted Morrissey on February 20, 2015
In 2011 Beth Gilstrap, an MFA candidate at Chatham University, contacted me by email about interviewing me (ironically) for The Fourth River literary journal. My first novel, Men of Winter, had been released at the end of 2010, and I was anticipating my publisher bringing out another book, the novella Weeping with an Ancient God, so our conversation focused mainly on writing those two works. Beth and I exchanged a few emails, and then wrapped things up with a phone conversation. My publisher reneged on bringing out my second book, and things ended badly between my publisher and me — but it was the proverbial final straw in convincing me to establish my own press, which I did, Twelve Winters, in 2012. I eventually brought out a revised and expanded edition of Men of Winter and also Weeping with an Ancient God. I wanted to reprint the Fourth River interview in each of the books, so I contacted Beth asking for her permission. I checked in on her website in 2013 and again in 2014 to update her biographical information that I included when I reprinted the interview, and I noted each time her growing list of publications.
Then, in 2014, I was reading fiction submissions for Quiddity literary journal, and a familiar name popped up in my Submittable queue, Beth Gilstrap and her story “Juveniles Lack Green,” which I admired very much. And I obviously wasn’t alone in that opinion, as it was given the thumbs up by several readers and ultimately the fiction editor, David Logan. The story ran in issue 7.1 of the journal. Beth’s story appearing in my reader’s queue was serendipitous because not long after that I was scouting around for projects for Twelve Winters, and I recalled Beth’s story. Given the number of published stories that she’d accumulated I figured she must have a collection ready for publication. I emailed her to see if that was the case . . . and the rest, as they say, is history. I was impressed by the composite collection that she’d created, and I’m very happy to say that I Am Barbarella was released in print February 19, 2015. Digital editions for Kindle and Nook soon followed, and Beth is working on an audiobook as well.
Turn about is fair play, so I sent Beth some questions about her collection and the writing of it. What follows are her unedited responses.
I Am Barbarella is a composite collection (or short story cycle), where we have a fairly large cast of characters who show up in various stories, or are alluded to, or events in their lives from other stories are alluded to. What drew you to this form for the book?
I went into my MFA program with a novel chapter and an idea for a fairly complicated story told in the first-person plural point of view. It was an attempt to capture a sort of Southern noir small town groupthink as I saw it. As you might expect, there was little left of my self-esteem or the story by the end of my first workshop. I still like the idea of that story, but I was nowhere close to being able to tackle something so left of center. Then, my mentors (Sherrie Flick, Diane Goodman, and Robert Yune) suggested reading books like Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio, A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan, Elizabeth Strout’s Olive Kitteridge, and The Dew Breaker by Edwidge Danticat and that was when I decided I loved this approach to longer works. This type of book is a hybrid form. I set out to write stories that would be able to stand on their own and have been able to place a number of them as short stories, but they also work thematically in the collection.
It was my intention from the beginning to explore the impact these characters’ actions had on each other, the sort of ripple effect of secrets and heartache. Even the stories that aren’t interconnected on a character level are spiritually connected. I fell in love with the mosaic form. I like how the picture looks when you pull the camera back to reveal the structure in its entirety and I like moving in and looking at the individual tiles such as the elderly neigbhor’s lifelong secret from her best friend or the Dad’s desire to finally leave now that all his family duties have been fulfilled. It felt more playful than a traditional narrative form and I hope I structured it in a way that builds tension — a sort of slow reveal of each character.
How do you think a composite collection differs, in the writing of it, from a collection of independent stories, or a full-fledged novel?
I think it’s an extremely difficult form for a first book. It’s a bit like juggling and having someone on the sidelines who keeps throwing other objects into the mix. Maintaining consistency with such a large interconnected cast of characters and a broad timeline takes major organization and commitment. It is something you must set out to do. What I lacked in organization in the beginning, I made up for with a general idea of what I wanted to achieve and a rabid determination to make this book in this form work. This is my first book and writing it taught me so much about how to approach the novel I am working on now. In some ways, it made writing straight short stories more difficult because I tend to get attached to characters and want to spend more time with them.
You were rethinking the order of the stories up until a few weeks before the book went to press. How difficult was it to come up with what you felt was the proper order? What were some of your guiding principles in ordering the stories as you have?
It was all about the tension for me. I had a handful of other stories from the Loretta/Hardy/Janine cycle, but once I took those out and put in some of the shorter flash pieces, I liked the conversation the stories had with each other. These stories move along a continuum of existential angst. I originally had “Spaghettification” last because I felt the last line of that story was a hopeful way to end. Last lines matter as much as first lines. I tend toward the dark side of the force, but not always, and I wanted to highlight that fact, but in the end “B-Sides” was the natural ending of the book. Thematically, the book needed to end with Janine’s point of view. There’s a line in an earlier story, which reads, “You can get so much from B-Sides.” How can you not end with the story with a title built from that line?
How much time have you spent with these characters? In other words, when did you start writing about them? Do you plan to return to some of them in future projects?
I wrote the first draft of the first story (“Paper Fans”) in 2010. Four and a half years. I am finished with most of these characters, but my novel does include Dim and Sunday from “Yard Show.” It’s a tiny story that has led me into writing a rather large book.
Charlotte, North Carolina, where you were born and raised and still live, is a common setting for the stories. Some of the characters have also spent time in Pittsburgh, where you earned your MFA. How important is “place” in your writing?
For me place is as much a character as a walking, breathing person. It shapes everything: plot, character, atmosphere, you name it. I grew up reading Flannery O’Connor, William Faulkner, Tennessee Williams, Mark Twain, Toni Morrison, Carson McCullers, and Alice Walker so place was already vital in the literature I loved. Chatham’s emphasis on place-based writing was one of the reasons I chose their program. My bones, my heart are the South, for better or worse, whether I like it or not. I am built of this land and all the ghosts that accompany it.
Sometimes a character says things that aren’t kind about your hometown. How much of that criticism of Charlotte is purely fictive, and how much is your own sense of the place?
Some of it is fictive and based on the perception of Charlotte as nothing but banks, barbecue, and Nascar (Even The Onion did a piece on Charlotte), but a great deal of it comes from a natural desire to break away from my hometown. Most people I grew up with have moved away. When I meet someone and tell him or her I’m from Charlotte, I am usually met with shock. Most folks who live here aren’t from here. I started this book immediately after our plans to move to Pittsburgh fell apart. I was heartbroken. As I wrote the book, I realized I had not ever committed to my town. I had not tried to find kindred spirits here or participate. I no longer take my beautiful city for granted even if I still long for more of a literary community here. As a vegetarian artist who has never been terribly interested in sports, it has been difficult, but I also recognize how much I tend to isolate myself. That’s the tough thing about connecting with other writers. I know there are some here, but we’re all so terribly introverted we never socialize.
How do you think the book will be received by residents of Charlotte? Perhaps even family and friends who may see themselves reflected in your writing?
I hope people will recognize the truth in the book’s (and its author’s) complicated relationship with Charlotte. As far as friends and family, I hope if they see themselves, they’ll recognize that I’ve tried to draw each character with empathy. Most characters are not based on any one person, though. These characters are processed in my brain blender. They are little bits of me and everyone I’ve known swirled together into a version of truth. This is why I love fiction.
Music plays an important part in many of the stories — and in fact you compiled a playlist to accompany the book. Where does that emphasis on music come from? Are you a musician yourself?
I am not a musician, but I’ve always wished I’d learned to play an instrument. My older brother is the musician in the family. He got his first guitar when I was ten. His learning to play and compose and write was my background music. I watched and wrote in my notebook. There were times, like when he went through his black metal phase, that I wanted to take a chainsaw to his guitar, but now I am so grateful for it. It was such a unique experience. We were alone a lot since we were children of a single mom and we challenged each other to be creative. He encouraged me to tell stories. I listened to everything he did and all the records he played. I dated his band mates as a teenager and went to their gigs and though I rarely talked, I listened and wrote. I wrote my first album review for the high school paper. I married a man who worked in a record store when he was young. Music is vital in our home. I cannot write, cook, drive, or take a walk without it.
You’ve taken on the role of editor-in-chief of Atticus Review. How does that role impact your own writing, or your artistic sensibilities?
Well, as I’ve adjusted to the job and addressed a submission queue of greater than 600, I’ve definitely spent less time on my own writing. I’m still trying to find the balance between being an editor and being a writer. I am a work in progress, but I am proud of what we’ve done at Atticus in a short time. It’s a wonderful feeling to be able to put other people’s work into the world, to give back in that way. It is so exciting to discover a story in the slush pile and to be able to make someone happy. It has taught me to be more patient with my own submissions and it has also taught me patterns in what types of stories are overdone. I won’t be writing any dystopias anytime soon. And I always valued personal rejections before, but now that I’m an editor myself I value them even more. It really is a big deal to receive one.
Describe your writing process.
When I am at my best, I am extremely diligent about my process. I have a schedule for myself and I stick to it. I read early in the morning, walk my border collie (when it’s not in the single digits outside), and write for the rest of the afternoon — usually 4-5 hours. Lately, it’s been taken up with editing work. I hope to get back to my regular schedule once I have my sea legs as an editor.
You’ve been working on an audio edition of I Am Barbarella. Do you tend to read your work aloud usually? Describe the experience of recording the stories. Do you think they’re well-suited to oral performance?
I always read my work aloud. It’s part of my editing process. If I trip over words or don’t like the way a sentence flows as I read aloud, I revise. Recording is frustrating, but I think the final product will be great. I don’t think my book would sound right read by someone else. Maybe that means I have control issues, but most of my favorite recordings are author-read — they’re these little time capsules. Nothing compares to being able to hear that rare recording of Virginia Woolf’s or Flannery O’Connor reading “A Good Man is Hard to Find.” And yes, I think most “Southern” literature is well-suited to oral performance. My grandfather never learned to read, but he was the best storyteller I knew. We’re trained for it, whether we realize it or not.
Beth Gilstrap’s stories and essays have appeared in numerous journals, among them Ambit, Superstition Review, Quiddity and the minnesota review. She holds an MFA in fiction writing from Chatham University in Pittsburgh and serves as editor-in-chief of Atticus Review. She was born and raised in Charlotte, North Carolina, where she still lives with her husband and enough rescue pets to keep life interesting. (Author photo by Tatyana M. Semyrog)
Tagged with: audiobook, characters, Charlotte, fiction, flash fiction, music, North Carolina, plot, publishing, short story, southern, story collection, the South, twelve winters press, writing
Interview with Rachel Jamison Webster: The Endless Unbegun
Posted in February 2015 by Ted Morrissey on February 19, 2015
In the fall of 2013 I attended a reading at Edwards Place, an historic home in Springfield, Illinois, and one of the readers that evening was Rachel Webster, who read from her poetry collection, September. I was very taken with her poetry and her presentation of her work. My fiancée (now wife) Melissa and I were anxious to speak with Rachel afterward and to get a copy of her book, which I ended up admiring very much. The following year I was looking for projects for Twelve Winters Press, and I heard via the literary grapevine that Rachel Webster had a manuscript she was interested in publishing — but it was not an ordinary collection, which of course piqued my curiosity even more, since the Press’s main mission is to publish literary work that is especially difficult to place because of its risk-taking nature.
I contacted Rachel via email, and she graciously sent me the manuscript, under a different title, and I discovered that it was a hybrid collection of both short prose pieces and poems, and that it told an ambitious, multi-layered story that took place over several centuries. In a word it was wonderful, and exactly the sort of project that seemed tailor-made for Twelve Winters Press. Email exchanges began, and we worked out an agreement to bring out the book in print, digital and audio editions. Rachel wanted to revise the manuscript further, which she did over several months. Then late last fall, 2014, she sent the Press a significantly reworked book, including a new title, “The Endless Unbegun” — and the editors at Twelve Winters and I began the very rewarding process of bringing the book to print, working closely with Rachel at every phase.
Publication was delayed a bit when Quiddity international literary journal and public-radio program interviewed Rachel for their upcoming issue, 8.1, and Rachel floated the possibility of including the interview with the book. I thought it a terrific idea, so with Quiddity’s editors’ permission, we prepared the interview for inclusion in The Endless Unbegun. The Quiddity interview focuses in large part on the philosophical and theological ideas that are at the heart of the book, so for the below interview, I deliberately turned my attention to other issues.
The print edition of The Endless Unbegun was released February 5, 2015. Editions for Kindle and Nook soon followed, and the audiobook is in the works as well. I emailed Rachel some questions, and here are her unedited responses.
You’ve said that the book began as a novella and eventually became a hybrid collection of short prose pieces and poems. I’m wondering if, for you, certain subjects lend themselves to prose expression more naturally, and others to poetry? And if not subjects, then perhaps themes . . . moods?
Yes, definitely. When I write prose I am combining voices — the voice of the artist, as well as the voice of the teacher or friend. I know that I am talking outward to another, and so my understanding of that audience is invariably woven into the form and content of the prose. In this sense, I usually write prose in a way that is reflective of some wider societal or temporal situation. Even if I am writing prose from my own experience, I am connecting it actively with what I suspect is a shared experience.
Poetry also reflects shared experience, but that connection is trusted in a more intuitive, subterranean way. It happens way beneath the ground. So the act of writing poetry — for me — feels like talking deeply to myself, tracing my own subconscious or dreams, my own deepest memories or questions. I don’t write poetry thinking about audience at all — I just follow the rhythm of the words, and I really interrogate my own feelings and questions in the poem. There is no “other,” because the self is the aperture to the other. That was especially true of the poems in The Endless Unbegun, which are elemental and very physical in their rhythms and knowing. When they do talk to a “you,” they are love poems, and meant to share my deepest being with the “you” as beloved, who only late in the game becomes the reader.
I think of this poetic space of connection as pretty unusual and rarified, and so my idea for this book was that a prose novella would sort of walk the reader into a more and more poetic, metaphorical space, and that in this way, it would be like walking deeper and deeper into a relationship. The fact is, we meet on the level of persona and appearance, and then we move further and further into knowing one another (and ourselves, ideally!) in an elemental and soulful way. Eventually, we are at the archetype — the repeating pattern, where we realize that all of our deepest, most individual experiences are not original at all! They are human, and therefore shared.
Is there a piece in the book that was the one that led you to realize you were beginning to write this book — as opposed to simply writing another related piece that would eventually be published as a stand-alone narrative or poem?
This one was always a book, which was why it was tricky to publish many of these poems individually in journals. The book came on in a torrent, and held me in its sway for months as I wrote and rewrote its first drafts, and the poems in it were always deeply intuitive, somehow merging story and poetry, self and other. It was like they needed their own space, their own book, to make sense.
I experienced this book as a crossing over into a new wavelength. I learned to write more from my own intuitive power, and less from some expectation of form or audience.
You made some significant changes to the manuscript after it was taken by the Press for publication. Did thinking of it as a book that was actually going to be out in the world — as opposed to simply an ambitious creative project — influence how you approached revision? And if not that, then what led to the major changes in the manuscript?
Well, because the book was so intuitive I felt that I needed to do some rearranging and clarifying to externalize its themes a bit more, and guide the reader through its movements.
I also put the prose novella back in. I had been taking that out as I sent out the manuscript, because it didn’t fit most contest guidelines. But when Twelve Winters accepted the manuscript and I thought about what I most wanted to share and explore with this book, I knew that it was important for me to have this strange, layered shape, and these characters who are recognizable to us, and who also have rich universes within — like any of us.
And finally, I took out a couple of love poems and added some new ones — simply to make the emotional experience of the book present to me again. A book that was important to me for many years is Women Who Run With the Wolves by Clarissa Pinkola-Estes. It is a book about elemental feminism, and the creative process in which Estes retells fairy tales and folktales to track archetypal shapes in a life. She talks about the woman as creator and says that when a project feels stuck, or stalled, we should just take something out, get rid of something, in order to lighten its energy and renew it again. I really experienced this phenomena with The Endless Unbegun. I took out some poems, added three new ones, and then changed the title, and the book was made new again — like, finally, it had found its moment in time.
What’s the manuscript’s history as far as publication? In other words, how long did you work on it as a book-length project? Had you approached other publishers? What made Twelve Winters seem like a good fit for the book and for you as an author?
I worked on this as a book-length project for a decade, and I always believed in it, but I suspect there was too much going on for editors to see it clearly or to trust its voices. The poems themselves seem more performative, archetypal and intense than a lot of what is being published right now. It was a semi-finalist for the Dorset Prize a long time ago — maybe in 2007. And its poems inspired the creation of a band in 2008 — called the Very Small Quartet. I read many of these poems and musicians in the quartet set them to original music, and we performed them live around Chicago. Then Dancing Girl Press published some of its poems in a chapbook called “The Blue Grotto” in 2009.
Twelve Winters was wonderful to work with because the relationship was always founded on respect and understanding of the author’s own experience. I did not feel that I had to fit this book into any one container, or even one genre, but could really present it in its best possible shape and form. That has been a thrilling opportunity for me as an author, and the entire process of finishing this book has been a pleasure. The Twelve Winters readers and editors were respectful and encouraging, but also meticulous in editing, crediting and proofreading, and so I knew that we were releasing a book that we could all be proud of.
You’re working on an audio edition of the book. One can imagine that poets especially are interested in performing their work for an audience, as opposed to offering it in print only. What are your thoughts or hopes regarding producing an audiobook of The Endless Unbegun?
I love reading my poems aloud. They are usually woven together by sound, and I think when I read them, the listener/reader can really enjoy that and get swept into a more physical, subconscious rhythm.
I am seeking a grant to pay for a really strong recording of this book, because I want to be able to share it in an audio form, in my voice.
What are some of the challenges of recording your poetry, besides any technological ones?
Well, none really. Just little technical things, like don’t wear bracelets that jangle, and don’t lisp. Oh, and the technical glitch of the ego, of course. I never like my voice when I hear it again. It is embarrassing. It always sounds too slow, sad and deep to me. But it is my voice, and I am the one to vocalize my poems.
I co-produced a radio series on poetry for WBEZ a couple of years ago and had to listen to so many hours of my own voice during the production process that I learned to detach from it, much like the way you have to detach as a writer from the idea that an experience is yours. In the end, these are just two more tools — the voice, the experience — that you can use to share with others.
You teach courses in poetry at Northwestern University and you’ve worked with younger writers as well. Teaching is time consuming of course, and it can be energy draining, but how does teaching influence your writing in positive ways?
I feel so fortunate that my day job is to talk with 20-year-olds about poetry! And what they teach me, more than anything, is that all of this work is relevant, even necessary. I mean, if you are just out and about reading the billboards in this country and watching the sitcoms, this stuff we are doing seems pretty anachronistic and irrelevant.
But in my classroom, I get to see how deeply we seek meaning, how much we crave the kind of relational intelligence and emotional awakening that poetry creates. I watch students embark on this experience of creating and evolving consciousness, and they help me to evolve my consciousness, as well. My students come to poetry classes, because they want to, because poetry provides a space for us to talk about these ideas of relationship, of creation, of trusting the intuition, and acknowledging the deeper self, and we need these conversations — now more than ever.
And the Jon and Marisol sections, especially, are dedicated to my students. I put them back in because they represent a kind of atrium in life where we may find ourselves, maybe especially in our twenties or early thirties — the sense that we want to drop down deeper, we want to relate to people soulfully, but our coolness and our intelligence somehow prevents us from sharing all we know and sense. I think my students are weathering those situations quite bravely, and their earnestness and intelligence gives me hope.
What are you writing now?
I am working on two projects. My prose project is a book of personal essays that circle experiences of birth and death. They take place during the first years of my daughter’s life, and during the illness and passing of her father from the disease ALS, when I was caregiver to both. These experiences were simultaneous, which led to many personal challenges, but also to rich reflection on what we consider opposite — birth and death, heaven and hell. I now experience these states as related, even interdependent.
My poetry project is a collection of poems written in the voices of Native Americans who can verbalize a very earth-centered, relational consciousness. Some of these voices are not unlike Radegunde’s, who, as a Pagan, had a different relationship to time and to the earth, but they are taken outside of the context of Christianity, and placed in another time in history.
Rachel Jamison Webster is the author of the full-length poetry collection September (Northwestern University Press, 2013) as well as two chapbooks, The Blue Grotto and Leaving Phoebe, both from Dancing Girl Press. Her poems and prose writing have been published in numerous journals and anthologies, including Poetry, Narrative, Tin House and The Paris Review. She teaches in the Creative Writing Program at Northwestern and edits universeofpoetry.org, an international anthology of poetry. (Author photo by Richard Fammerée.)
Tagged with: african-american authors, audiobook, book, Chicago, creative writing, fiction, literature, Northwestern University, performance, poet, poetry, publishing, Rachel Jamison Webster, revision, The Endless Unbegun, twelve winters press, writing, writing craft
Ted Morrissey, Ph.D. in English studies, is an author, teacher, lecturer, scholar and publisher who lives near Springfield, Illinois.
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__label__cc | 0.586408 | 0.413592 | Charles Perrow
Perrow is an emeritus professor of sociology at Yale University, and a visiting professor at Stanford University’s Center for International Security and Cooperation. An organizational theorist, he is the author of six books including The Next Catastrophe (Princeton, 2011) and the award-winning Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies (Princeton, 1999). His current research focuses on the institutional and organizational aspects of global warming.
Articles by Charles Perrow
Five assessments of the Fukushima disaster
By Charles Perrow | Book Review, Nuclear Energy, Technology and Security
Nuclear denial: From Hiroshima to Fukushima
By Charles Perrow | Uncategorized
Fukushima and the inevitability of accidents
By Charles Perrow | Opinion
Fukushima, risk, and probability: Expect the unexpected
By Charles Perrow | Analysis, Nuclear Energy | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line750 |
__label__wiki | 0.640932 | 0.640932 | Phil Mac Giolla Bhain Says Lennon Is On A Yellow Card. That’s A Warning The Manager Needs To Heed.
Phil Mac Giolla Bhain has published an article today which says that Lennon and Lawwell attended a conference call with Dermot Desmond after Saturday’s fiasco where the manager was reminded of the enormous stakes this season and given a “yellow card.”
I had asked in an earlier article when the Celtic board might be forced to act; I had no idea when I posted it that the man at the top of the house had already expressed his severe displeasure with what he sees going on. I was not in the least bit surprised at this.
There is a common misconception about our board of directors which I feel I have to tackle here; it’s that these are people who would be “quite happy” to see the Ibrox club win this title, to keep them in business and to continue the “Old Firm rivalry.”
This is such obvious nonsense that it astonishes me every time I hear it, and I hear it often and loudly and especially at times like this.
There is not the remotest relationship between that statement and the truth.
These people want to win.
These people want their names forever associated with the ten in a row triumph, and Lawwell in particular does.
There’s a part of Peter Lawwell’s brain which really does believe he could be the first CEO to have a statue in the car-park.
Dermot Desmond has been involved with our club since Fergus McCann was here, and he is a phenomenally successful man who does not even countenance failure far less tolerate it. Celtic is more than an investment; he does actually care about the club, but perhaps even more than that, Dermot Desmond likes to win.
I can assure you of this too; the way our directors view the club at Ibrox and the way it is run could most charitably be described as contempt. That’s an understatement. They view the directors over there as a reckless, short-sighted and, if I may be blunt, not a little bit out of their minds.
When I tell you I’ve heard, with my own ears, a member of our board refer to them in language that would be pushing the envelope of Twitter abuse I’m not joking.
The idea of losing anything to the club across the city, far less the league title in this year of all years, is hateful to people at Celtic Park. Hateful.
That’s not too strong a word, and I guarantee you that.
There is not one of them who does not want to win this title, they know it’s their legacy, they know it’s all the credit they’ll ever need to be remembered. On top of that, the financial side of it should not need spelling out; the initial ten in a row merchandise is just the tip of the iceberg.
Our club will be making money off of that slogan for as long as we’re alive and beyond.
The downside, if we lose … horrendous. Crushing to the support. Why would anyone inside Celtic Park wish for such damage – and it will be damaging – to be inflicted on our own club? To keep the Ibrox board in their jobs? To make them strong? For what purpose?
Celtic’s ideal scenario has always been for the Ibrox operation to stumble on in some form of another, but one which cannot seriously threaten us.
To my mind, if we’d gotten a grip of the SFA power structure and rammed through FFP regulations we’d have crushed that in its crib, and that’s a massive strategic failure.
But they know at Celtic Park what I do and what I’ve written many, many times and will write even now when a lot of people think it’s ludicrous.
The whole Ibrox operation is built on sand and is a major reversal from disaster.
Their winning a single football match has not changed the fundamentals of that in any way.
I don’t care how many people now dismiss that as a fantasy; the same people refused to believe Rangers was collapsing until bricks started hitting them on the head. The criticism we get for stating the obvious is the same as we were getting in 2012.
Will it happen tomorrow? No. But it could, it could happen at any time and the chances are most of us will be caught cold by it. But some of us will not be surprised.
I’ve done the sums. Anyone can do them if they take five minutes out of their day.
Their business model is not flawed as much as at is clinically insane.
They cannot afford to live at the level they do, it’s a fact, nothing will make it less of one.
During the transfer window, when everyone in the media expected us to sell, when I myself couldn’t see how we could spend the money we had, at this particular crisis point in the world economy and particularly in football, without selling at least one big earner and high profile player, we gave the manager money and kept the squad intact.
Nobody can have the slightest doubt that his board wants ten in a row.
Anything that threatens that will not be tolerated, and right now the performances of the manager and the team are doing exactly that. They are threatening our historical hegemony. The people who run Celtic will not allow us to drift too far from the goal.
Dermot Desmond told Ronny Deila it was over because he had to listen to gleeful Ibrox board members after a semi-final win. His response to the mere possibility that we were under threat was to hire Brendan Rodgers.
I believe the decision to hire Neil Lennon was a massive backward step and a strategic blunder of epic proportions … but it could work, it could still work, it’s worked up until now. But if it goes wrong, they will rectify the mistake before it finishes our chances off. Desmond will act and he won’t wait until the writing is on the wall in letters 100 feet high.
Phil has good sources, and has broken many a big story from inside and outside Celtic Park.
One of the best he’s passed to me in recent years was when he told me that in spite of acres of press coverage saying that Albian Ajeti had rejected Celtic that the deal was still there to be done and that the delays were in relation to money he was owed by West Ham.
I wrote confidently of that deal from that point on, and I was not disappointed.
Indeed, on the day we closed the permanent transfer I was absolutely elated. Phil asked nothing in return for that story, and on the day it was done I asked if I could name him as the guy who passed me the info, he agreed and I was glad to laud him in the article I wrote welcoming Albian to the club.
Lennon needs to heed the warning here. So does Lawwell, by the way; this isn’t the first time the Irish billionaire has had to invite him to the principal’s office in the course of the last few years.
The last time there was a show-down like this was after AEK Athens when Desmond delivered a verbal pummelling to Rodgers and Lawwell both.
Heads have been slammed together; we’ll see how things progress.
One thing jumped out from Phil’s piece, confirming my own suspicion of earlier.
It’s not the game on Thursday but the one at the weekend which will really prove crucial; indeed, Phil says it’s the two matches against Aberdeen which will decide whether Desmond urges more dramatic action from the rest of the boardroom.
If we show up for those games in the same lacklustre way … yeah, that will have a big impact on the thinking. | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line751 |
__label__wiki | 0.94424 | 0.94424 | Sports ›
Basketball ›
Collier’s career-day lifts Longhorns past North Texas
Photo Credit: Jack Myer | Daily Texan Staff
These tags are automatically generated. The Daily Texan does not guarantee their accuracy.
Published on November 29, 2020 at 8:53 pm
By Carter Yates
The Longhorns started off slow in their Sunday afternoon game against North Texas, but junior center Charli Collier saved the day en route to a 106–69 Texas win.
Collier, a Preseason All-Big 12 selection, posted career highs at the Frank Erwin Center with 44 points and 14 made free throws while also snagging 16 rebounds. The junior kept the Longhorns afloat through a sloppy first half, scoring 22 of Texas’ 46 points without rest.
“I just knew, whatever I had to do, (I had to) be on the court as much as possible,” Collier said. “I knew in order for my team to dominate the paint, I had to be in the game. That was my mindset going in, being confident and dominating the paint, which is what I did today.”
Texas started off slow in the first quarter, coughing up four turnovers while shooting a paltry 38.9% from the field compared to the Mean Green’s 50%. However, the Longhorns quickly regrouped on both sides of the ball and held a comfortable 14-point halftime lead behind to Collier’s performance. The team finished with over 100 points in a game for the first time since December 2018. The increased offensive production was attributed to better ball movement, head coach Vic Schaefer said.
“In the first half we had some dead ends, where the ball gets to a certain spot or certain person and it’s just a dead end,” Schaefer said. “I thought in the second half we really shared the ball better and I think that’s indicative of 38 points in the third quarter.”
Texas’ offense was kickstarted by a bevy of free throw attempts. The Longhorns made 71.4% of their 42 free throws on the day behind aggressive drives to the basket. Collier shot 15 on the day.
“We want to make more free throws than our opponents attempt,” Schaefer said. “We’re always going to attack the rim if we are doing things the right way. I thought in the second half we really did a nice job.”
Another positive development in the game was the contribution from junior Audrey Warren. Despite standing at only 5-foot-9-inches tall, Warren has played the post through the first two games of the year. She notched 16 points on the day and has taken countless charges in the young season, constantly diving for loose balls.
“I love taking charges,” Warren said. “I feel like it’s something on the court that not everybody enjoys doing, but I like getting that extra possession for the team. I like the intensity of our press.”
Although they are only two games into the season, the Longhorns have played cohesively despite losing four contributing seniors from last year’s team and adding an entirely new coaching staff. The team has a chemistry with each other molded over the offseason, Collier said.
“Our chemistry has grown tremendously,” Collier said. “Having a new coaching staff and adjusting with the coaching, I feel like we are doing really well … our chemistry has gotten us really great wins in these past two games.” | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line753 |
__label__wiki | 0.617671 | 0.617671 | The brave French policeman who ‘died a hero’
Simplified version
Presentation view
The face of bravery: Beltrame’s superior officers noted that he would “fight to the end”.
Should you give your own life to save someone else? The world is mourning Arnaud Beltrame, a French policeman who died after saving a complete stranger during a terrorist attack on Friday.
At 11am on Friday in the French town of Trèbes, a man named Redouane Lakdim stormed into a supermarket armed with a handgun and a knife.
He immediately shot two people dead. Within minutes, hundreds of police arrived to a hostage situation.
Then Arnaud Beltrame, a 44-year-old gendarme, stepped forth. Beltrame offered himself in place of last hostage not yet freed. He tried to negotiate with Lakdim.
After three hours, Lakdim shot Beltrame. Police stormed in, killing Lakdim. Beltrame died of his wounds over the weekend.
A week before Easter Sunday, this story of sacrifice has touched the world. President Emmanuel Macron declared that Beltrame had “fallen a hero”.
The theme of sacrifice is at the heart of Christianity. Jesus was “delivered over to death for our sins”.
Modern history is full of martyrs too: during the 9/11 terror attacks, hundreds of New York firefighters died rescuing trapped workers from the collapsing buildings.
Many people can imagine risking their lives to save a loved one. But Beltrame’s death represents a rarer form of altruism. Should you give your own life to save a stranger?
The ultimate sacrifice
Yes, say some. It is morally wrong to let someone die if you think you could save them. Self-sacrifice makes social and biological sense too: it contributes to trust in society, and encourages others to help those around them. As Martin Luther King Jr once said: “If a man has not discovered something that he will die for, he isn’t fit to live.”
Your first priority should always be yourself, reply others. You can never be sure that someone will be as selfless as you. It is all very well being called a hero, but not if you are not around to enjoy it. Life is the most precious thing in the world, and so it is more noble to do whatever it takes to survive.
Should you sacrifice yourself to save another person?
Define the word “hero”.
Some People Say...
“Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.”
Arnaud Beltrame, a 44-year-old French policeman, volunteered to swap places with a hostage during a terrorist attack. He was shot and died two days later.
What do we not know?
Why people behave so selflessly. Animals pass on their genes by having offspring. But creatures that happily sacrifice themselves for others are unlikely to survive long enough to breed.
Word Watch
Redouane Lakdim
Moroccan-born Lakdim was known to police for a succession of minor crimes. On the day of the attack he hijacked a car Friday near the town of Carcassonne in Aude, killing a passenger and wounding the driver, before moving on to Trèbes.
France has two police forces: the Police nationale and Gendarmerie nationale , which is a branch of the French armed forces.
New York firefighters
343 firefighters of the New York City Fire Department died on 9/11.
French Interior Minister Gérard Collomb gives details about the terror attack in Trèbes. NBC News — YouTube. (2:07)
The Guardian ’s profile of Arnaud Beltrame and the tributes to his memory. (900 words)
The selfless gene — The Atlantic takes a fascinating look at the biology of altruism. (4,000 words) | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line754 |
__label__wiki | 0.721859 | 0.721859 | back to top hat
Book a 1-on-1 Walkthrough
Marketplace Home>Arts & Humanities>Visual & Performing Arts>
African American Music Survey
Lead Author(s): Derrick Spiva
Student Price: Contact us to learn more
This is a study of selective genres and styles of music originating primarily in the African-American experience.
Explore This Textbook Now
Chapter 1 Why Study African American Music?
Chapter 2 African American Music "Sound Track" of Life. The Science Behind the Music
Chapter 3 Africana Culture/History Part 1–A Summary
Chapter 5 African Origins, Civil War & Reconstruction
Chapter 6 African American Music and Civil Rights
Chapter 7 Women in African American Music
Chapter 8 The African American Music Industry -The Business of Creating and Sharing Music
Chapter 9 Spirituals/Religious Music
Chapter 10 Jazz/ Blues
Chapter 11 Musical Theater
Chapter 12 Rhythm & Blues Soul/ Funk
Chapter 13 Pop, Disco and House/ Techno Music
Chapter 14 Art/Classical Music
Who am I? You can read my San Francisco State University Professor Profile
Why Study African American Music?
"12 of the Greatest Gospel Groups." The Birmingham Times. N.p., 09 June 2016. Web. 27 July 2017.
Black music is unity music. It unites the joy and the sorrow, the love and the hate, the hope and the despair of black people; and it moves the people toward the direction of total liberation. It shapes and defines black being and creates cultural structures for black expression. Black music is unifying because it confronts the individual with the truth of black existence and affirms that black being is possible only in a communal context.
James H. Cone
"James Hal Cone's Quotes." Sualci Quotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 July 2017.
-James H. Cone, The Spirituals and the Blues: An Interpretation'
Among the wealthiest of the rich blessings Africa has given to the world is rhythm, the beat. It’s the sound of wood on wood, hand close by. That indefinable heartbeat that cuts through the noise of oppression, sets blood to dashing and toes to tapping.
It is rhythm that drives the love affair people have with gospel, blues, soul, jazz, and shake and roll. It all began with the spirituals. A mix of spirituality, hop, religious tradition and communication with a beat and a rich dose of heart and soul.
Throughout these pages, we will endeavor to demonstrate the development of a varied musical style where once the genre is established, it evolves yet again. In chronicled terms, black musical forms rose up out of a traditional African cadence, work tunes, and field hollers in a surprisingly brief time, maybe days-after the principal African slaves arrived on American shores in 1619. From the spirituals, sprang their otherworldly beneficiary celebration, as well as jazz, blues and soul. African American music in its current structures transformed from the spirituals, soul, celebration, and obviously African cadence.
What today's African American music is and what it is developing into is a culture and history of a people recorded in song. African-American music is a hybrid of tradition with musicality.
Still, why trouble with antiquated history? Why think about the superstitious serenades from the darkest time of American history? Why invest in a chronology of this music at all? What do they matter?
“For those of us living just over 150 years after slavery (but not that long after the end of the equally heinous Jim Crow laws, the spirituals are an uncensored, unedited glimpse into the hearts and minds of slaves.”
Author James Weldon Johnson states that
"Only in the spirituals was the ignorant slave given the flexibility to dream his (and her) fantasies."
He articulated his misery and forecasted his triumphs; he likewise talked the gathering insight and communicated the gathering logic of life. To be sure, the Spirituals taken in general contain a record and a disclosure of the more profound considerations and encounters of the Negro in this nation for a period starting three hundred years back and covering over two centuries. If you wish to discover their secrets, you will find them in spirituals more so than in any pages of history.
John Wesley (known as the father of the Methodist tradition) once called the foundation of servitude
"the most contemptible that ever saw the sun," however noticed that bondage did not devastate the slave. Truth be told, John Lovell, Jr., contends that it gave the driving force to unparalleled idyllic expression
What's more, they did it under the very noses and in the most oppressive "Big Houses" of their Slave owners."
We have just the vaguest suspicions of what most spirituals really implied. In an area where reading and writing for slaves was illegal and even the most innocent attempt at literacy was deserving of death, slaves built up an unprecedented mystery dialect, a dialect so rich with significance and complexity that many lyrics are difficult to interpret even today.
Slaves utilized the spirituals to pass on religious truth as well as data imperative for survival and escape in spite of the savage persecution of their captives.
W. E. Du Bois saw spirituals as heartfelt expressions of human emotion and reminders of the strength and resilience of the human spirit under extremely hostile circumstances. Slavery reduced individuals to chattel, subjected them to harsh working conditions while separated families. Enslaved black people used spirituals to go beyond the physical world, forging a spiritual universe distinct from this physical world. In the process, black people used music to give meaning to their horrific circumstances. As slaves, African Americans were regarded as non human inferiors. Yet the songs gave them hope as they considered themselves to be “God's chosen people”. This hope was gained from the example in the Hebrew bibles account of the Jewish people suffering as slaves but eventually gaining freedom.
For example, Gospel music by definition means “good news”. Gospel music is the primary vehicle for which spirituality and tradition have been handed down from generation to generation in the black church. It has also inspired audiences all over the world.
Through recent history, at the heart of the gospel music tradition is the use of a choir. The church choir. Choir members could easily be distinguished from the rest of the congregation because they normally dressed in robes. The gospel choir sings in a call-and-response format.
The traditional structure of gospel music changed in the late 1930s when Thomas A. Dorsey and Willie May Ford Smith. Dorsey was a former jazz pianist and composer who had worked with famous players such as Ma Rainey and Hudson Tamp Red Whitaker. Dorsey created a new style of gospel music called gospel blues, which infused his study of blues and jazz with traditional gospel music.
"Thomas Dorsey Biography." Inspirational Christians. N.p., 17 Feb. 2017. Web. 27 July 2017.
Gospel music continued to evolve throughout the late 1930s. There are four distinct styles of gospel music including, but not limited to, quartet style, traditional gospel, contemporary gospel, and praise and worship. The gospel quartet style is one in which a small number of male or female vocalists sing music together with tight harmonies. The major difference between traditional and contemporary gospel styles is that while traditional gospel usually features a more basic sound suited for singing by a choir, contemporary gospel places more emphasis on solo artists. Praise and worship is a combination of both contemporary and traditional gospel styles, in that a praise leader has a small group of singers to help lead the congregation into singing gospel music.
Solo gospel, a style of sacred singing marked by an upbeat tempo and by intense rhythms generated through percussive instrumental accompaniment, holds particular resonance for this endeavor. In the first half of the twentieth 'century this music emerged from a group of small churches on the margins of black religious life to became the most popular form of sacred music in the country as well as a huge commercial success. With these developments came new burdens and new possibilities. As a black religious music that enjoyed great commercial acclaim, gospel came to inhabit multiple worlds, serving as a meeting point for sacred and secular concerns and four local black communities, civil rights events and mainstream popular culture. As a result gospel became a critical arena in which African Americans contended with questions about the nature of faith, as well as the shape and meaning of racial identity.
Beginning with descriptions of African music-making during the seventeenth century recorded by casual observers, the study of African-derived musics in the United States has evolved into a dynamic area of scholarly investigation. The proliferation of methods from various disciplines of scholarly engagement has changed and enriched this field over the centuries. Many students of African American music, for example, employed the tools of Western-derived musical analysis, which emphasized the study of music as sound, focusing on elements of structure and technique. Historical musicologists approached their study largely through the exploration of primary documents such as newspapers, manuscripts, organizational records, personal letters, and diaries, which they combined with secondary sources and musical analysis to produce descriptive and analytical narratives on this tradition. In contrast, scholars from fields such as anthropology, ethnomusicology, sociology, cultural studies, and history, to name only a few, employed models that acknowledged the importance of the cultural, social, and political milieux in determining the character of musical traditions. In ethnographic-centered studies, scholars collected field research data as a method for establishing music-making as a process grounded in culture-specific meaning. Still another approach to the study of African American music combined components from anthropological and musicological models, employing a qualitative framework to interpret quantitative data. In the last decade of the twentieth century, many scholars expanded these models to include methodological and analytical approaches from various other disciplines.
As the breadth and depth of scholarship in African American music evolved, so did the focus of study and their underlying assumptions. While issues of race, culture, and class were recurrent themes in narratives on African American music, such diverse topics as origins, representation, identity, aesthetics, commodification, and appropriation, as well as gender, diasporic connections, and the politics of music, became standard subjects of scholarly inquiry in the late twentieth century. Yet in virtually every instance, both the character and content of writing on African American music reflect the dominant perspectives characteristic of the given historical period and socio-cultural context.
As the overall scope of scholarship in African American music became more inclusive, the hierarchy of musical values that ranked African American music as inherently inferior to musics of European descent was, in large part, dismantled. As new genres of Black music emerged, an accompanying domain of scholarly inquiry soon followed. Although some genres received attention more readily than others. As the movement of African Americans within the larger American society became less circumscribed, as the presence of African Americans was more strongly felt in the United States, and as African American voices assumed greater acceptance and prominence in articulating their own perspectives in writing, the spectrum of scholarship on African American music consequently broadened.
Music-making by people of African descent became a subject of interest beginning with descriptions of the Middle Passage. To keep their slave cargo fit, ship crews "danced the slaves". Naturally the slaves performed their native dances, sometimes using their own musical instruments to accompany them. Shipboard accounts helped document the transfer of African instruments and musical practices to the New World. By the third decade of the seventeenth century, accounts of New World music-making by African slaves as observed by slaveholders, travelers, and missionaries began to surface. Sources such as diaries, journals, reports, and memoirs provided firsthand documentation of the activities of Blacks. Noting the use of antiphony as a recurrent musical structure, the importance of dance in African music making, and the ubiquitous circle that served as a contextual frame to organize those present at musical events. Almost uniformly, early European observers commented on the profound distinctions between their own musical values and those of the slave populace. Equating slave practices with "uncivilized" African rituals, Europeans most typically interpreted the music-making of Blacks with such pejorative terms as "barbaric," "wild," and "nonsensical." Other important sources documenting
In the course, we will continue to discuss:
• Why African Americans have been such an important part of our modern society?
• Is there a scientific connection to the passion, emotion and jubilance that the music evokes in so many?
• What can a deeper understanding of African American culture teach us about African American music and it’s influence on today’s diverse society? What is the connection?
• We will discuss the musics African roots.
. African American Music's role in Civil Rights.
.The role women played in the development of African American music. Many of the significant contributions of women to black music genres such as "Jazz" are overlooked in many studies.
• We will explore the music industry. There has been a significant influence the music industry has had on African American music and by vice versa.
• Spirituals formed the bases for today’s African American music.
• The role the music genres such as Jazz, Blues, Musical Theater, R&B, Soul, Rap and Funk and others have played in music and world as a whole.
1. Jackson, Jerma A. Singing in my Soul: Black Gospel in the Secular Age. Chapel Hill The University of North Carlonia Press, 2004. Print
2. Darden, Robert. People Get Ready! A New History of Black Gospel Music, New York Bloomsbury Academic Publishing, 2004. Print | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line758 |
__label__cc | 0.60521 | 0.39479 | Essays Theology in the University
Theology in the University
Theology is derived from a combination of two Greek words that mean "the study of God". Christian theology is an endeavor to know God as He is depicted and explained in the Bible. Although no theology will conclusively describe the nature of God because God is infinitely and eternally higher, God is comfortable in the extent to which humans are able to understand Him. In regard to this consideration, theology is therefore described as the art and science of understanding the nature of God to any extent possible through an organized and logistic manner. Though some people avoid theology on the basis that it is divisible, theology is uniting and a good thing when appropriately understood (McGrath, 2000).
In broad terms, theology is defined as the study of the nature of God and the association of the human and divine. It analyzes doctrines concerning issues such as sin, faith, and grace and takes into consideration the conditions of God's covenant with man in matters like salvation and eschatology. Theology normally assumes the influence of a religious teacher or the legitimacy of a religious experience. It is different from philosophy in that it focuses on justifying and explicating a faith using quasi-philosophical means as opposed to criticizing the fundamental assumptions of such a faith. The study of religion is thus reading the Word of God in an attempt to discover His nature (McGrath, 2000).
Response to Richard Dawkins
Richard Dawkins claim that theology has no place in the university is not true. Theology has a place in the university because it plays a significant role in career building of the theology students. Theology is a subject like any other only that it is unique in the sense that it mainly focuses on the understanding of God. In fact, Dawkins has observed that the universities departments of theology have scholars in other subjects such as history, linguistics, literature, ecclesiastical art and music psychology and sociology among others. Their preference of the subject implies that theology is a subject of substance just like other subjects in the universities. It shows that they have an interest in that area just like other scholars would have an interest in other subjects. Graduates in theology find employment and build their careers just like graduates from other subjects. Since it fulfills one of the objectives of the university, career building, then theology is not only a subject but a very important subject (Howard, 2006).
Theology and careers
Many graduates of theology find employment in pastoral ministries, community service and instructing in colleges or seminaries. The graduates have an added advantage in that it instills critical thinking skills required for philosophical and theological inquiries. These enable the graduates to enter into a variety of other careers such as entrepreneurship or even get jobs in both government and non-government establishments. This proves that theology is very important in career development and has a place in the university. Some universities have also recognized the importance of theology. The Oxford's Theology Faculty, for instance, is the biggest in the country and has housed several scholars of both national and international backgrounds. The Faculty has been expanding and has in the recent past extended its curriculum to include the Study of Religion and operate in the main religious ethnicities of the world (Howard, 2006).
Cultural importance of theology
Since theology consists of otherworldly perspectives such as cosmology, anthropology, and historiography, it has a significant impact on matters such as cultural evolution and the universal intellectual life. The prophetic theology of history described in the old testament of the Bible had a great impact on the development of the idea of history. The theology is, in fact, the basis for such history. This shows that theology is significant as the basis of development of some historical aspects. These aspects are considered as significant cultural phenomena (McGrath, 2000). | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line759 |
__label__wiki | 0.618396 | 0.618396 | 13 Deal Offers
ABOUT DHARAMSHALA
Dharamshala is a popular hill station located in the Kangra district known for its idyllic surroundings amidst pine trees, tea gardens and snow capped mountains. It is also home to His Holiness, the Dalai Lama. The word Dharamshala means, an inn attached to a temple. Dharamshala’s history has been influenced greatly by both Hinduism and Buddhism. Several monasteries were built in the 8th century by the Tibetan immigrants who settled here, though some slowly gave way to Hindu structures. The Hindu inhabitants of the region are the Gaddis also known as shepherds of Himalayas. Dharamshala was developed as a summer retreat for the British and their troops, who had seized control of the town in 1848. It later became the administrative capital of Kangra in 1852. However, its days of glory were short lived, as the town suffered a serious setback and the loss of many lives with the earthquake of 1905.
Divided into upper and lower towns with a difference of some 457 meters (1,500 ft) between them against a background of snow-capped mountains. Forests of giant conifers meet carefully cultivated tea gardens at the beautiful resort of Dharamshala which stands on the spur of the Dhauldhar range. The mountains enfold the three sides of the town and the valley stretches beyond to the south. Known for its scenic-beauty amidst high pine trees, tea gardens and other timber-yielding trees vying with one another for height, calmness and serenity. Dharamshala’s altitude varies between 1,250 meters (4,400 ft) and 2,000 meters (6,460 ft). The snow line here is perhaps more easily accessible than at any early morning’s start. Now the seat of his holiness, Dalai Lama, Dharamshala is evocative of imperial days in places like Mcleodganj and Forsythe Ganj. Wrecked by an earthquake in 1905, it rose like a phoenix from the ashes, more resplendent than ever steadily acquiring a pride place among tourist attractions in Himachal Pradesh. When Tibetan exodus began, they first went to Dalhousie but later shifted their colony to Mcleodganj in upper Dharamshala. Since 1960, when it became temporary headquarters of the Dalai Lama, Dharamshala has risen into international repute as “The Little Lhasa” in India.
MCLEODGANJ: 9 km up from Kotwali Bazaar Dharamsala is the famous town Mcleodganj often called the ‘Little Lhasa’. This is the residence of His Holiness Dalai Lama. The Tibetan Government in exile has been here for almost four decades. The impressive monastery has larger than life images of the Buddha, Padmasambhava and Avalokteshwara. A large Tibetan community and the presence of traditional architectural designs drawn from Tibet have enhanced the charm of the area. A host of Tibetan handicrafts and garments are available. Viewed from Mcleod Ganj, the Kangra valley sprawls below as far as the eye can see. Englishman Barnen’s description of this place in the Kangra gazetteer is worth reading: ‘No scenery, in my opinion presents such sublime and delightful contrast’. At 2,000 metres above sea level, McLeod Ganj is a place pulsating with life. It has a delightful mixture of eastern, western and Buddhist cultures, reflected in the people, in the shrines of worship and in its very name. A number of Residential buildings, restaurants, antique and curio shops, together with famous Tibetan institutions, some being “reincarnations”, as it were, of centuries old institutions in Tibet, have lent importance to Meclodganj. The Budha temple is situated opposite the present abode of his holiness, the Dalai Lama and is well worth a visit and around it are situated Tibetan monastery and nunnery.
MARTYR’S MEMORIAL: Set amidst beautiful surroundings, this memorial was built in 1972, near the entry point to Dharamshala in Civil Lines. The war memorial was built to commemorate the memory of soldiers and officers of Kangra district who fought valiantly for the defense of Motherland in INDO-CHINA (1962) and INDO-PAK wars (1947-48, 1965 & 1971) and during some peace operations under United Nations Auspices. Features of the memorial are its three curved walls in black marble each 20 feet long and 24 feet high bearing the names of 1042 martyrs on five of its faces with a mural on the sixth. Rising from a circular shallow pool having a central bowl and 21 water jets, these walls signify the three wings of the “Armed Forces”. On selected evenings in a week, the monument is flood lit and the fountains burst forth in full splendor. Outside the gate of the memorial are a disused Pattan Tank captured in 1971, INDO-PAK war and a Gnat, a light jet aeroplane, successfully used by the Indian Air Force in the same war.
TRUIND: For adventurous people nothing can be more enjoyable than a 8-km climb from McLeod Ganj to Triund located at a height of 2,827 metres above sea level. Here you get a face to face view of towering snow-clad Dhaula Dhar range. On a clear day you can also have a spell-bounding view of hills and valleys below. In spring the hill slopes of the path leading from McLeod Ganj to Triund are abloom with lots of wild flowers like the flame of the forest, holly hock, gladioli, hydrangea and so on. For weary travelers, there is a forest rest house at Triund to rest and sojourn. Five kilometres above Triund, the snowline starts at a place called Laka, presenting a breath-taking view of the snow above and the Kangra valley below.
DHARAMKOT: 1 Kilometer above McLeod Ganj a village called Dharamkot inhabited by the Gaddis (hill tribals) nestles amidst scenic beauty at 2,100 metres above the sea level. Besides offering a panoramic view of the Dhaula Dhar range of mountains, Kangra valley and the Pong Dam, the village once had a gallery of paintings of a well-known English painter “A. W. Hallot”. Today Dharamkot is a favourite picnic spot.
NADDI: At 2,000 metres above the sea level and about two kilometres from Mcleod Ganj, a modern picnic spot is developing fast at Naddi. It is connected with a metalled motorable road. It is the only place in Dharamshala from where an open view of mountains and wide valleys on Dhaula Dhar’s southern side can be seen. It is also a starting point for a trek to Kareri Lake, Guna Temple and Triund.
Namgyalma Stupa: Surrounded by prayer wheels, this Buddhist stupa is located in the centre of McLeod Gunj. Erected as a memorial to those Tibetans who lost their lives fighting for a free Tibet, Namgyalma Stupa stands as a monument to the determination of a suppressed people to preserve their distinctive way of life against overwhelming odds. With a statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha enshrined in a small chamber, the stupa is built in the tradition of the third century Indian Emperor Ashoka and represents peace and progress.
Church of St. John in the Wilderness: 7 km upward from Dharamshala, between Forsyth Ganj and Mcleod Ganj lies the charming St. John’s Church built with dressed stone and having beautiful stained glass windows, popularly called, the church of St. John in Wilderness. Under the shed of deodar branches, a memorial has been erected over the body of the then British Viceroy of India, Lord Elgin who died in Dharamshala in 1863. There is a well tended old graveyard on the grassy solves. Visiting hours for the church and cemetery are 10 am to 5 pm each. The church is small in size and was built in 1852 in the Gothic style. Its tapering high windows, the front and back sides of its building all seem to be in perfect harmony with the deodar grove which is a home to lots of monkeys, baboons and birds. In 1905 earthquake, the belfry of the church was completely destroyed. However, the rest of the building escaped damage. A new bell (built in 1915) was brought from England and installed outside in the compound of the church. The church witnessed a special event in 1992 when visitors from 39 countries participated in its service.
KANGRA STATE MUSEUM: Museum of Kangra Art was opened on 17 January, 1990 to preserve, conserve and revive the rich cultural heritage of Kangra region. Museum is a treasure house of rich heritage of the valleys art and culture, located near Kotwali Bazaar at Dharmshala. Museum is still in infancy but now the collection is incresead to APPROX 1500 art objects comprising miniature paintings, textiles, sculptures, jewellery, coins and objects of cultural anthropology.
The Shrine of Bhagsunag: The shrine of Bhagsunag, dedicated to Shiva, not far from a small but lovely waterfall. With in easy walking distance from the Meclodganj Bazaar in upper Dharamshala, It is 11 km from the lower town. Famous for its ancient temple, the tank and the spring are considered sacred by the Hindus.
Chinmaya Tapovan Trust: Founded in 1978 by one of the finest proponents of the Bhagward Geeta and the philosophy of Vedanta- Swami Chinmayananda. The ashram complex amidst nature’s grandeur has a magnificent Rama Temple with the golden domes, a 9 m High statue of Hanuman, the asthadhatu pratima of Gurudev in the hall- a place of meditation and a health and recreation centre all located at distance of 15 km from Mc leodganj.
The Tibetan institute of performing Arts (TIPA): TIPA is just a kilometer walk from Meclodganj, and preserves a number of music, dance and theatrical tradition of Tibet. There is also a Tibetan Handicraft centre situated at Meclodganj and flea market every Sunday at about ten minutes walk from Meclodganj.
Norbulingka institute: This interesting institute was established to keep alive the traditional arts and crafts of Tibet. It is 18 km from Meclodganj.
Dal Lake: Eleven kilometers above lower Dharamshala and next to the Tibetan Children Village is a miniature oval-shaped artificial lake called Dal lake, rimmed by fir trees. Though small in area, this lake has a charm of its own solely due to its surrounding forest and hills. The annual fair in September is largely attended by Gaddis and other hill men, taking a dip in the lake is considered sacred. Devotees believe that a bath in the lake fulfills any boon asked from Lord Shiva at that time.
Tour to Dharamshala Find More
Dalhousie-Dharamshala-Pathankot Tour Package
05 nights / 06 days
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Dalhousie-Dharamshala-Chandigarh Tour Package
Enthralling Amritsar-Dalhousie-Dharamshala
Dharamshala Volvo Package
Cycling Tour in Himachal
09 nights /10 days
Himachal and Amritsar Religious Tour Package
Golden Temple and Himachal Tour Package
9 nights / 10 days
Devi Darshan Tour in Kangra
Kangra-Dharamshala Tour
Trail of Three Religions in Himachal
Exploring Village in Dharamshala
Trekking the Foothills of Dhauladhar-Triund-Kareri
6N/7D, 05 Day Trek
Dekho Shimla-Manali-Dharamshala-Dalhousie | cc/2021-04/en_head_0009.json.gz/line760 |
__label__cc | 0.624158 | 0.375842 | Home » Regions » Midwest » Ohio » Lima » Education and Higher Learning
Education and Higher Learning
Lima OH Education and Higher Learning
We’re a maker community. We invent, we build and we turn ideas into reality. Our students do amazing things, and with local post-graduate colleges, universities and career centers, they’re finding jobs right here! When it comes to quality of life, education and cutting-edge health care, the Greater Lima Region has it all! Come and discover for yourself our Real American Heart!
Enhancing education is a priority of Lima/Allen County. Our community has outstanding educational programs for all career paths, including skilled trades. We offer skill trades training programs at both the vocational level and with full apprentice programs.
Apollo Career Center has been in the business of workforce development for 43 years training high school and adult students in careers that have high employment opportunities in this region. Responsive to area business and industry needs, Apollo customizes and upgrades skills training in its continuing commitment to provide a skilled workforce. Students complete programs with college credit and industry certifications that add value and employability as well as opportunity.
High school students from 11 area schools choose from over 20 career-training programs that prepare students for life after graduation. The renovation of the campus has added state-of-the-art equipment and enhanced opportunity for learning in all programs and academic labs. Through strong, long-standing partnerships with business and industry, high school students are offered internships, apprenticeships and employment opportunities that benefit the community, the economy and the future of Apollo students.
Apollo Career Center Adult Education (Ohio Technical Center) is one of the leading training facilities in the region, providing full-time and short-term training programs that upgrade, enhance and provide life-changing career choices for adult students. Adult education has made a strong commitment to this region with additional business and industry support, customized training and upgraded facilities to accommodate the training needs of the community. In addition to strong training programs, Apollo Adult Education serves 78 fire departments and EMS squads in 14 counties through the public safety division. The burn room is the only facility of its kind in Ohio, built to address the training needs of the region.
Apollo Career Center believes that a highly skilled workforce is an integral part of community success, and will continue to be responsive and strive to meet the needs of its stakeholders.
At Bluffton University, our sense of a greater purpose develops students of exceptional character and expansive vision. For 120 years, we’ve been learning, experiencing and bettering the world together.
Located on a 65-acre residential campus, Bluffton offers more than 80 majors, minors and programs for undergraduate students, including nationally accredited programs in dietetics, education, music and social work.
Opportunities for working adults include accounting, organizational management and RN to BSN degree-completion programs and graduate programs in business administration, education and organizational management.
Bluffton University was founded in 1899 and affiliated with Mennonite Church USA.
Dayton School of Medical Massage
At the Schools of Medical Massage, you can train to become a licensed massage therapist in as little as 12 months. Schools of Medical Massage offers many benefits including financial aid opportunities, career placement services for graduates and four convenient locations. Learn more at
www.massageschools.com.
IBEW LOCAL 32
The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers represents approximately 750,000 members who work in a wide variety of fields, including utilities, construction, telecommunications, broadcasting, manufacturing, railroads and government. The IBEW has members in both the United States and Canada and stands out among the American unions in the AFL-CIO because it is among the largest and has members in so many skilled occupations.
IBEW Local 32 has nearly 300 members in Allen, Auglaize, Hardin, Logan, Mercer, Shelby, Van Wert and Wyandot counties in west central Ohio. IBEW Local 32 was established in 1898 and is a leader in safety, technology and training. In a quest to provide a safe work environment, the organization developed paid continuing education program to ensure that you can have the most current and advanced training available.
As union members, IBEW bargains collectively with employers over wages, benefits and rights. Most have very limited bargaining power as one person, but as a group, members are strong. And with a good negotiated contract, IBEW has legal protections they would not have otherwise.
What does IBEW do?
Electrical power and lighting systems.
Power distribution and metering systems.
Motor control and programmable logic controllers.
Building automation systems.
Energy management systems.
Manufacturing and packaging systems.
Uninterruptible power supply systems.
Fire alarm systems.
Voice-data-video installations.
Ohio Northern University
College rankings confirm Ohio Northern University’s strong standing and reputation as an educational leader
Ohio Northern University continues to make the grade when it comes to offering students an outstanding educational experience. This fall, several ranking services again offer high marks to ONU, confirming the university’s strong reputation.
The rankings evaluate a number of criteria and offer various perspectives. While the specific evaluations vary, the common theme is the value of the Ohio Northern experience and how earning a degree from the university opens up doors of opportunity for its graduates.
For example, the 2020 U.S. News Best College rankings list ONU as fifth-best regional college in the Midwest. This is the fourth straight year the university has been ranked in the top six institutions in this category. These colleges and universities focus on the undergraduate experience and offer a broad range of programs in the liberal arts and professional fields.
For the second straight year, the service rates Ohio Northern third in the Midwest among regional colleges for best value. Additionally, the university is included in the “A+ school for B students” category, which focuses on universities where students that work found an environment where they can thrive.
Also, the service rates ONU 30th among regional colleges that promote social mobility. This measures schools’ success at supporting students from low-income families in achieving equity with students from families with stronger financial backgrounds and includes graduation rates.
Additionally, U.S. News ranks Ohio Northern’s T.J. Smull College of Engineering 32nd nationally among engineering programs that offer a bachelor’s or master’s degree as the highest degree. This marks the 12th time in the last 13 years that ONU’s College of Engineering has been ranked as a top-50 program.
The value of the Ohio Northern experience is evidenced by the success of its recent graduates. In all, 94 percent of ONU’s 2018 graduates were employed or attending graduate school within six months of graduation, which is a testament to the relevancy of the university’s educational experience.
The Ohio State University is a research powerhouse constantly expanding its understanding of the world. At Ohio State Lima, students can start early with undergraduate research projects, national and international study tours, and experiential and service-learning opportunities – all part of a robust student experience designed to develop the next generation of leaders.
Ohio State Lima students have their choice of 12 bachelor’s degree programs, four degree-completion programs and access to the more than 200 Ohio State majors. They become part of an academic tradition that leads the way in shaping tomorrow’s future as they join the over half a million former Ohio State students who have discovered futures they never expected.
Ohio State Beauty Academy
The academy’s mission is to provide an equal opportunity to all people desiring a career in cosmetology, to give each student the best training possible, teaching them specific skills and related subjects necessary for them to be successfully employed in the cosmetology industry. Learn more at www.ohiostatebeauty.com.
Plumbers & Pipefitters – UA Local 776
UA Local 776 has a proud tradition of providing highly skilled and trained plumbers, pipefitters, sprinklerfitters, steamfitters and service technicians to West Central Ohio businesses and industries since 1937. The organization offers a five-year apprenticeship training program and continuing education to ensure members stay trained at the top of their field. In addition, all members receive stringent safety training and are regularly drug tested, so UA Local 776 can provide the safest, highly skilled workers to its partners, ensuring that they can complete their projects on time, within budget, and with exceptional quality. Learn more at www.ualocal776.com.
Rhodes State College
Rhodes State is one of the fastest growing institutions in Ohio. We are proud of our distinguished reputation among Ohio’s two year institutions – a reputation built upon a history of changing lives, building futures and improving communities. Through our Strategic Plan, we will continue to meet the needs of our diverse student body and affirm our commitment to a spirit of innovation and excellence.
Our students have every opportunity to succeed as we offer a full range of credit and non-credit courses and career training options. Within the College, there are over 100 programs, majors and certificates offered. With the newest addition of the Associate of Arts and Associate of Science degrees, you can also transfer many of the courses that you take at Rhodes to four-year colleges and universities in Ohio. The business and industry training division of the College offers seminars and classes for individuals interested in obtaining work-related skills.
Over the next three years, we plan to develop new program offerings for high demand employment areas; expand partnerships with business and industry; reshape programs, scheduling and delivery options to increase access and expedite time to educational goal attainment for students; and improve facilities and technology to satisfy the changing needs of our stakeholders.
Rhodes State College campus is an open and inclusive environment with student activities, athletics and student organizations that complement classroom experiences. We encourage you to take advantage of the many opportunities available to ensure that you are prepared for a constantly changing and global environment. Learn more at rhodesstate.edu.
University of Northwestern Ohio
From a small office building in downtown Lima with nearly two dozen students in 1920 to a 200-acre campus on the west end, the University of Northwestern Ohio has been pursuing its Drive for Excellence for 100 years. Celebrating its centennial in 2020, the university focuses on practical education, helping students develop the skills most in demand by business and industry. As technologies change and evolve, so do the university’s offerings to its constituents.
This not-for-profit university is rooted in entrepreneurism, is authorized by the Ohio Department of Higher Education and is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission. There are five colleges within the university: College of Applied Technologies, College of Business, College of Occupational Professions, College of Health Professions and the Graduate College. The university has taught students from all 50 states and 61 countries, and currently has nearly 4,000 students enrolled from 40 states and 49 countries. What attracts so many out-of-state students? At UNOH there is no out-of-state tuition. It is also one of the most affordable private universities in Ohio!
The University is known worldwide as a leader in the Automotive, Diesel, and High Performance industries, but also offers over 50 degree programs in Business, Healthcare, Marketing, Information Technology, Sport Marketing and Management, Robotics and Automation, and many other fields of study including Master’s, Bachelor’s, and Associate Degree programs.
The University of Northwestern Ohio fields 14 collegiate athletics programs including Men’s & Women’s Basketball, Tennis, Golf, Bowling and Soccer, Men’s Baseball, Women’s Softball and Volleyball, in addition, there is a co-ed Motorsports team, the only university-owned racetrack and varsity motorsports team in the country.
Students at the University of Northwestern Ohio develop lifelong friendships, embrace a culture of learning, adapt to new techniques and technologies, and launch their careers following graduation. Heading into the next century, the university strives to continue to grow, plan, and progress to meet the needs of its students, the community, and the industries it serves. Here’s to the next 100 years!
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__label__wiki | 0.53848 | 0.53848 | Sisters in Spirit pay tribute to Indigenous women of Canada
In Communities, Indigenous October 5, 2016 1 Comment
By Alexis Perikleous
Women, men and children of all different ethnicities gathered Tuesday to take part in the annual Sisters in Spirit Vigil, one of many occurring across Canada.
The event takes place every year on Oct. 4 to pay tribute to the missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls of Canada.
The event took place at Allan Gardens, across the street from the Native Women’s Resource Centre of Toronto. The grounds were decorated with hand-crafted paper lanterns and painted rocks, representing over 1,000 murdered and missing girls and women.
Among the crowd were Ryerson students from the Centre for Women and Trans People. Jessica Ketwaroo-Green, a fourth year politics and governance students carried a hand-made banner along with some of her classmates in support of the vigil.
“This is an issue that is really prevalent in Canada and unfortunately not a lot of people speak about it or speak to it. So if I can come out and show my support and show my solidarity I think it can go a long way,” said Ketwaroo-Green.
The vigil featured performances of dancing, drumming and singing. There were also guest speakers from the indigenous community. One of the speakers was Cyndy Baskin an associate professor of social work at Ryerson and chair of Ryerson’s Aboriginal Education Council.
“It’s the stories, it’s the truths of all these families that need to be told in many different ways before any of us will be able to reconcile,” said Baskin.
The vigil had a large impact on Calvin Brook, co-founder of Brook Mcllroy architecture firm, who has been working closely with the Native Women’s Resource Centre of Toronto. It was the first Sisters in Spirit Vigil he’s attended, but certainly won’t be his last
“To me it’s the most important unresolved issue in Canadian society and non-indigenous people have to fix it, it’s not up to Indigenous people to fix it. So I’m trying to find ways to be part of that solution,” said Brook.
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__label__cc | 0.721136 | 0.278864 | Everything you need to know about CBD oil
SOURCE AND A WHOLE LOT MORE: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317221.php
Last updated Fri 27 July 2018
By Jon Johnson
Reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT
People take or apply cannabidiol to treat a variety of symptoms, but its use is controversial. There is some confusion about what it is and how it affects the human body.
Cannabidiol (CBD) may have some health benefits, and it may also pose risks. Products containing the compound are now legal in many American states where marijuana is not.
This article will explain what CBD is, its possible health benefits, how to use it, potential risks, and issues surrounding its legality in the United States.
In June 2018, the country’s Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the prescription use of Epidiolex, a purified form of CBD oil, for treating two types of epilepsy.
CBD is one of many compounds, known as cannabinoids, in the cannabis plant. Researchers have been looking at the possible therapeutic uses of CBD.
CBD oils are oils that contain concentrations of CBD. The concentrations and the uses of these oils vary.
Is CBD marijuana?
CBD oil may have a number of health benefits.
Until recently, the best-known compound in cannabis was delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
This is the most active ingredient in marijuana.
Marijuana contains both THC and CBD, and these compounds have different effects.
THC creates a mind-altering “high” when a person smokes it or uses it in cooking. This is because THC breaks down when we apply heat and introduce it into the body.
CBD is different. Unlike THC, it is not psychoactive. This means that CBD does not change a person’s state of mind when they use it.
However, CBD does appear to produce significant changes in the body, and some research suggests that it has medical benefits.
Where does CBD come from?
The least processed form of the cannabis plant is hemp. Hemp contains most of the CBD that people use medicinally. Hemp and marijuana come from the same plant, Cannabis sativa, but the two are very different.
Over the years, marijuana farmers have selectively bred their plants to contain high levels of THC and other compounds that interested them, often because the compounds produced a smell or had another effect on the plant’s flowers.
However, hemp farmers have rarely modified the plant. These hemp plants are used to create CBD oil.
How CBD works
All cannabinoids, including CBD, produce effects in the body by attaching to certain receptors.
The human body produces certain cannabinoids on its own. It also has two receptors for cannabinoids, called the CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors.
CB1 receptors are present throughout the body, but many are in the brain.
The CB1 receptors in the brain deal with coordination and movement, pain, emotions, and mood, thinking, appetite, and memories, and other functions. THC attaches to these receptors.
CB2 receptors are more common in the immune system. They affect inflammation and pain.
Researchers once believed that CBD attached to these CB2 receptors, but it now appears that CBD does not attach directly to either receptor.
Instead, it seems to direct the body to use more of its own cannabinoids.
CBD may benefit a person’s health in a variety of ways.
Natural pain relief and anti-inflammatory properties
People tend to use prescription or over-the-counter drugs to relieve stiffness and pain, including chronic pain.
Some people believe that CBD offers a more natural alternative.
Authors of a study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine found that CBD significantly reduced chronic inflammation and pain in some mice and rats.
The researchers suggested that the non-psychoactive compounds in marijuana, such as CBD, could provide a new treatment for chronic pain.
Quitting smoking and drug withdrawals
Some promising evidence suggests that CBD use may help people to quit smoking.
A pilot study published in Addictive Behaviors found that smokers who used inhalers containing CBD smoked fewer cigarettes than usual and had no further cravings for nicotine.
A similar review, published in Neurotherapeutics found that CBD may be a promising treatment for people with opioid addiction disorders.
The researchers noted that CBD reduced some symptoms associated with substance use disorders. These included anxiety, mood-related symptoms, pain, and insomnia.
More research is necessary, but these findings suggest that CBD may help to prevent or reduce withdrawal symptoms.
After researching the safety and effectiveness of CBD oil for treating epilepsy, the FDA approved the use of CBD (Epidiolex) as a therapy for two rare conditions characterized by epileptic seizures in 2018.
In the U.S., a doctor can prescribe Epidiolex to treat:
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), a condition that appears between the ages of 3 and 5 years and involves different kinds of seizures
Dravet syndrome (DS), a rare genetic condition that appears in the first year of life and involves frequent, fever-related seizures
The types of seizures that characterize LGS or DS are difficult to control with other types of medication.
The FDA specified that doctors could not prescribe Epidiolex for children younger than 2 years. A physician or pharmacist will determine the right dosage based on body weight.
Other neurological symptoms and disorders
Researchers are studying the effects of CBD on various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Authors of a 2014 review noted that CBD has anti-seizure properties and a low risk of side effects for people with epilepsy.
Findings suggested that CBD may also treat many complications linked to epilepsy, such as neurodegeneration, neuronal injury, and psychiatric diseases.
Another study, published in Current Pharmaceutical Design, found that CBD may produce effects similar to those of certain antipsychotic drugs, and that the compound may provide a safe and effective treatment for people with schizophrenia. However, further research is necessary.
Fighting cancer
Some researchers have found that CBD may prove to combat cancer.
Authors of a review published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology found evidence that CBD significantly helped to prevent the spread of cancer.
The researchers also noted that the compound tends to suppress the growth of cancer cells and promote their destruction.
They pointed out that CBD has low levels of toxicity. They called for further research into its potential as an accompaniment to standard cancer treatments.
Doctors often advise people with chronic anxiety to avoid cannabis, as THC can trigger or amplify feelings of anxiousness and paranoia.
However, authors of a review from Neurotherapeutics found that CBD may help to reduce anxiety in people with certain related disorders.
According to the review, CBD may reduce anxiety-related behaviors in people with conditions such as:
general anxiety disorder
The authors noted that current treatments for these disorders can lead to additional symptoms and side effects, which can cause some people to stop taking them.
No further definitive evidence currently links CBD to adverse effects, and the authors called for further studies of the compound as a treatment for anxiety.
Type 1 diabetes results from inflammation that occurs when the immune system attacks cells in the pancreas.
Research published in 2016 by Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation found that CBD may ease this inflammation in the pancreas. This may be the first step in finding a CBD-based treatment for type 1 diabetes.
A paper presented in the same year in Lisbon, Portugal, suggested that CBD may reduce inflammation and protect against or delay the development of type 1 diabetes.
Acne treatment is another promising use for CBD. The condition is caused, in part, by inflammation and overworked sebaceous glands in the body.
A 2014 study published by the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that CBD helps to lower the production of sebum that leads to acne, partly because of its anti-inflammatory effect on the body. Sebum is an oily substance, and overproduction can cause acne.
CBD could become a future treatment for acne vulgaris, the most common form of acne.
Initial research published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease found that CBD was able to prevent the development of social recognition deficit in participants.
This means that CBD could help people in the early stages of Alzheimer’s to keep the ability to recognize the faces of people that they know.
This is the first evidence that CBD may slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
CBD oil is a cannabinoid derived from the cannabis plant.
Cannabis is legal for either medicinal or recreational use in some American states. Other states have approved the use of CBD oil as a hemp product but not the general use of medical marijuana.
Some state and federal laws differ, and current marijuana and CBD legislation in the U.S. can be confusing, even in states where marijuana is legal.
There is an ever-changing number of states that do not necessarily consider marijuana to be legal but have laws directly related to CBD oil. The following information is accurate as of May 8, 2018, but the laws change frequently.
However, state legislators generally approve the use of CBD oil at various concentrations to treat a range of epileptic conditions. A full list of states that have CBD-specific laws is available here.
Different states also require different levels of prescription to possess and use CBD oil. In Missouri, for example, a person can use CBD of a particular composition if they can show that three other treatment options have failed to treat their epilepsy.
Anyone considering CBD oil should speak with a local healthcare provider. They can provide information about safe CBD sources and local laws surrounding usage.
Also, research local state laws. Most states require a prescription.
Recent developments: CBD oil for epilepsy
In June 2018, the FDA approved the use of CBD to treat two types of epilepsy.
Dr. Scott Gottlieb, writing for the FDA on 25 June, stated:
“Today, the FDA approved a purified form of the drug cannabidiol (CBD). This is one of more than 80 active chemicals in marijuana. The new product was approved to treat seizures associated with two rare, severe forms of epilepsy in patients two years of age and older.”
Dr. Scott Gottlieb
Dr. Gottlieb is careful to point out that:
The FDA have not approved the use of marijuana or all of its components.
The association has only approved a purified version of one CBD medication, for a precise therapeutic purpose.
The decision to approve the product was based on the results of sound clinical trials.
Patients will receive the medication in a reliable dosage.
Many small-scale studies have looked into the safety of CBD in adults. They concluded that adults tend to tolerate a wide range of doses well.
Researchers have found no significant side effects on the central nervous system, the vital signs, or mood, even among people who used high dosages.
The most common side effect was tiredness. Also, some people reported diarrhea and changes in appetite or weight.
There is still a lack of available long-term safety data.
Also, to date, researchers have not performed studies involving children.
Side effects of Epidiolex
Concerning the product that the FDA approved to treat two types of epilepsy, researchers noticed following adverse effects in clinical trials:
symptoms related to the central nervous system, such as irritability and lethargy
reduced appetite
rashes and other sensitivity reactions
reduced urination
The patient information leaflet notes that there is a risk of worsening depression or suicidal thoughts. It is important to monitor anyone who is using this drug for signs of mood change.
Research suggests that a person taking the product is unlikely to form a dependency.
Side effects of other uses of CBD
There is often a lack of evidence regarding the safety of new or alternative treatment options. Usually, researchers have not performed the full array of tests.
Anyone who is considering using CBD should talk to a qualified healthcare practitioner beforehand.
The FDA have only approved CBD for the treatment of two rare and severe forms of epilepsy.
When drugs do not have FDA approval, it can be difficult to know whether a product contains a safe or effective level of CBD. Unapproved products may not have the properties or contents stated on the packaging.
It is important to note that researchers have linked marijuana use during pregnancy to impairmentsin the fetal development of neurons. Regular use among teens is associated with issues concerning memory, behavior, and intelligence.
CBD is just one of may compounds in marijuana, and it is not psychoactive. Smoking cannabis is not the same as using CBD oil.
Using CBD oil is not the same as using or smoking whole cannabis.
A person can use CBD oil in different ways to relieve various symptoms.
If a doctor prescribes it to treat LGS or DS, it is important to follow their instructions.
CBD-based products come in many forms. Some can be mixed into different foods or drinks or taken with a pipette or dropper.
Others are available in capsules or as a thick paste to be massaged into the skin. Some products are available as sprays to be administered under the tongue.
Recommended dosages vary between individuals, and depend on factors such as body weight, the concentration of the product, and the health issue.
Some people consider taking CBD oil to help treat:
Due to the lack of FDA regulation for most CBD products, seek advice from a medical professional before determining the best dosage.
As regulation in the U.S. increases, more specific dosages and prescriptions will start to emerge.
After discussing dosages and risks with a doctor, and researching regional local laws, it is important to compare different brands of CBD oil.
Several CBD oils with different applications are available to purchase online.
CBD has been tested and approved for one specific use. Does this mean it is safe and will soon have approval for other uses?
The research is emerging to support the use of CBD for numerous conditions, as well as looking closely at safety, side effects, and long-term effects.
There are some valid concerns about long-term use that must be tested before CBD can be recommended for other diseases. As one approach to pain management, it is seen as an alternative option to the addicting narcotics.
The use of CBD oil might complement a medical approach to treating physical and mental diseases. It is worth discussing with your doctor.
Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.
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