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THE INDIE MEME TEAM
Indie Meme's Board of Directors keeps the operation of Indie Meme alive and provides strategic direction on our vision and mission for all events.
Ananyaa Ravi
Ananyaa reached out to IndieMeme about volunteering in 2018 - soon after moving to Austin. Since then, she's been amazed by the community & art at IM. Growing up in a family of cinema buffs, she loves being an armchair critic of all types of films. Her favorite films are ones with character driven plots, smart dialogue and an eye for the absurd. Her on-repeat films are Andaaz Apna Apna and Booksmart.
She's excited to be with Indie Meme on the new leg of this festival's journey.
Sweta Rajesh
Sweta's interest in cinema landed her as a volunteer with Indie Meme in 2016. Initially she volunteered only in Dallas screenings, and later at the festivals in Austin. She joined the programming team in 2017. She performed other duties like, logistics, guest relations, filmmaker liaison, memberships and vote counting as well. Sweta was also the programming associate at MISAFF 2019 in Canada.
Ramdas Menon, a long-time resident of Austin, got hooked onto films at a very young age, for reasons that he has only shared with his therapist. He joined Indie Meme (IM) in 2015 as a volunteer, and has been associated with all the IM film festivals. As an IM volunteer, he has performed several duties: chauffeur, delivery guy, ticket collector/clicker, vote counter, theater manager and also served on the 2018 programming team. In 2019, he served as the interim Chief Executive Officer at IM.
Aashi Morales
Aashi Morales has spent most of her career as an attorney in public service. Helping the community comes naturally to her. She discovered Indie Meme in 2018, and after that immediately volunteered to be part of that year’s film festival. She is thrilled to now be working with the dynamic and creative members of the Indie Meme board and is looking forward to helping spread the news about Indie Meme’s thoughtful and intriguing programming to the greater Austin community.
Alicia founded the City of Austin’s ATX+PAK Entrepreneurship Program which connects the vibrant community of entrepreneurs, creatives and investors in Austin’s innovation ecosystem to those in the rapidly growing creative and entrepreneurial ecosystem in Pakistan. Behind the scenes she has filled newsroom leadership roles ranging from Managing Editor to Acting News Director, at television stations in Austin, Detroit, San Diego, Cincinnati, Saginaw, MI and, Little Rock, AR.
Geetika Tiwari
Geetika Tiwari is a Doctoral Candidate, Dissertator status (on sabbatical) from the Dept. of Human Development and Family Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. During her tenure in Madison, she was the Program Developer and Evaluator of a Federally funded Family Strengthening Program whose target audience comprised of pre-adolescent children and their families from the Hmong community.
She has also been a lecturer at University of Delhi, teaching Child Development.
Meghana Dhall
Meghana is a Plano, TX resident & an avid movie lover! Her childhood is filled with fond memories of watching commercial and parallel cinema, acting in plays, local TV serials, and theater. Meghana was an English news reader for four years with Sun News Channel in Chennai. Meghana’s associations with Indie Meme first started as a supporter – she watched every single IM film screened in Dallas if she was in town. She then became a volunteer and finally a Board Member in 2020.
We are very grateful to our past board members Animon Jose, Rubi Sanchez, Pallavi Malviya and Supriya Kini for their contributions.
Indie Meme's Advisory Board is made up of community leaders dedicated to furthering our mission, we are truly grateful for their continued support and intellectual contributions.
Piyush Bhargava
Piyush Bhargava is Vice-President Global Operation at Dell Technologies and leads a global organization responsible for demand planning for Dell’s Infrastructure Solutions Group. Mr Bhargava has been with Dell for 20 years and serves on the boards of the Women's Business Enterprise National Council, FIRST in Texas Foundation, the Tauber Institute for Global Operations, University of Michigan, and the Rady School of Management, University of California. He's also on the board for Dell’s Asian ERG
Anjali Zutshi
With 17 years of experience in the non-profit land conservation sector and having been the Director of Development at The Trust for public land, she is now an independent non-profit management & fundraising consultant. Anjali's enthusiasm and support have made us navigate many hurdles already. Indie Meme is so grateful for her advise and help as we grow, figure out the important issues of sustainability and venture into the non-profit arena.
Chale Nafus
He has taught film for over 25 years, is one of the founding board members of the Austin film Society and a current Programming Director. Chale has a passion for films and extensive knowledge of world Cinema. Indie Meme & AFS have collaborated many screenings so far and it has been all because of Chale’s support & enthusiasm for the emerging new voices from South Asia. He truely is Indie Meme's mentor!
Gita Lal
Founder and CEO of Daman Consulting, Gita leads Daman in being a leading provider of enterprise business intelligence and data management solutions. The company is a strategic partner for major U.S. corporations such as Southwest Airlines, Freescale Semiconductor, The Pillsbury Company, Boeing, and DaimlerChrysler. She serves on the Austin Community College Foundation Board and has a deep passion for educating the new generation. Daman has been a proud supporter of the IMFF since it's inception.
Josh Hurtado
Contributing Editor and film critic for Screen Anarchy, Josh has been writing about Indian cinema for several years is a driving force in bringing independent & genre films from South Asia to film festivals around the world. He has been a Programming Consultant at Fantastic Fest ATX since 2013. Josh is a member of the Online Film Critics society since 2013 and a Rotten Tomatoes critic since 2017. He also works as a festival representative for Indian genre films.
Marina Bhargava
Marina is the Executive Director of GAACC.
She has worked in enterprises from Benefits Consulting at Hewitt Associates to family owned plastics manufacturing. Prior to joining the Chamber, she was the Language Access and Outreach Coordinator for SAHELI, a domestic violence agency where she created trainings for and built relationships with the various Asian communities in Austin. Marina was Business Development Director at the Multiethnic Education & Economic Development Center, Dallas.
Surabhi Sharma
Independent documentary filmmaker, activist, film festival curator (based in India) The one who made Indie Meme happen. It was through Surabhi’s personal work that the idea to promote Indie Films (not seen by most people in the US) came about. Her feature length documentaries have been screened and awarded at international and national festivals. The films have also been used by grass root campaigns and at universities in India and abroad. Surabhi has a fan following on every continent.
Dr. Vijay Mahajan
Vijay Mahajan holds the John P. Harbin Centennial Chair in Business at Mccombs School of Business, UT Austin. He has received numerous lifetime achievement awards including American Marketing Association (AMA) Charles Coolidge Parlin Award for visionary leadership in scientific marketing. The AMA also instituted the Vijay Mahajan Award in 2000 for career contributions to marketing strategy. In 2006, he received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the IIT Kanpur. He has authored 12 books.
We would like to thank our past Advisory Board members Shaku Selvakumar, Kamran Ali Asdar, Harish Kotecha and Mike Blizzard
Interested in serving on our board?
We are looking for committed, dedicated and energetic people to join our team. If you are interested in a position on our Board of Directors, or simply want to get involved and want to volunteer, talk to us! We are especially looking for people that can help with fundraising, public relations, and social media.
Our founders believed in the mission and the purpose of IndieMeme and turned it into the festival it is now. They push the team forward and make all of it happen year after year.
Alka Bhanot
Alka has extensive experience producing for Indian Television and was the Executive Producer for the first Late Night Show, ‘Movers & Shakers’ in India, which won numerous awards. In Austin, since 2003 her film credits include Bryan Poyser’s ‘Dear Pillow’ (2003) Winner, Best Narrative Feature, Atlanta Film Festival, Margaret Brown’s ‘Be Here To Love Me’ (2006) a film about the life and music of Townes Van Zandt and ‘Sunshine’(2009) a documentary about adoption and single parenthood by Karen Skloss which aired as part of the Independent Lens series on PBS. She also worked on the ‘Trevor Romain Video Series’ (2005) an animated kids show which aired on PBS.
Confirmed as an Austin native (yes the allergies finally got to her) Alka lives with her husband & two children.
Tripti Bhatnagar
Tripti’s passion for cinema and her experience in the field give her a comprehensive understanding of the film process.She has been instrumental in supporting numerous award winning films through extensive research, interviews and marketing. Her body of work includes Lone star Emmy award winner -” A Fair to Remember”, a film that weaves together the colorful stories of the 125-year history of Dallas’ State Fair of Texas, a Cine Golden Globe award winner, “Louie,Louie: A Portrait in Parkinsons” that tells a story of a man’s courageous determination to retain his independence while fighting Parkinsons disease and “The Monster Among Us”, a remarkable and provocative film revealing the anti-Semitism in Europe today. While Tripti has pursued careers in the diverse fields of Finance, Marketing, Film production, Public Relations, Media and Information Technology Consulting, Film has always been her primary passion.
Tripti believes in the persuasive power of Cinema and to her, power to influence masses and thus to her, meaningful cinema has the potential to facilitate change. Through her efforts Tripti aims to connect socially conscious cinema with a wider audience.
Join our Team of Volunteers
Our team leads and dedicated team members make it all happen!
Copyright 2020 Indie Meme
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Gal Gadot, Patty Jenkins to reunite for Cleopatra biopic
Published: | 12th October 2020 08:02 PM
Actress Gal Gadot is all set to reunite with director Patty Jenkins for a historical drama based on the life of famous Egyptian queen Cleopatra.
Gadot and Jenkins have worked together on the superhit superhero film Wonder Woman, and its upcoming sequel, Wonder Woman 1984.
The actress says she looks forward to the project, adding that "Cleopatra" was a story she wanted to tell for a very long time.
"As you might have heard, I teamed up with Patty Jenkins and Leata Kalogridis to bring the story of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, to the big screen in a way she's never been seen before. To tell her story for the first time through women's eyes, both behind and in front of the camera...We hope women and girls all around the world, who aspire to tell stories will never give up on their dreams and will make their voices heard, by and for other women," she posted on Instagram after the announcement of the project.
The film is backed by Paramount and the studio reportedly defeated Apple, Universal, Warner Bros. and Netflix in the auction to win production rights, reports variety.com.
Laeta Kalogridis will write the screenplay for the project.
Gal Gadot Patty Jenkins Cleopatra
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Disney World got called out for editing masks onto guests' faces in photos
Guests are required to wear masks at all times, but some remove them during rides.
Roberto Machado Noa/LightRocket/Getty Images
Tom Maxwell
Walt Disney World is open for business and, unsurprisingly, some of the same guests who think it's fine to visit a theme park during a pandemic also think it's fine to take off their masks around strangers. In response, the amusement park reportedly hasn't booted them from the park but instead... digitally inserted masks on pictures of their maskless faces.
Pathetic — Disney requires guests to wear masks in the park at all times. Initially it tried to enforce the policy by refusing to provide access to photographs to any guests who weren't wearing masks on a ride — as well as everyone else on the ride even if they were wearing their masks properly. According to The Orlando Sentinel, however, that must have not been effective as Disney has now resorted to altering the photos instead.
The photo below is from the Dinosaur ride at Disney's Animal Kingdom. Look closely at the back row of riders in this picture and you can see the woman on the left has a comically large mask on her face:
Disney World Junkies
Additional processing time is required to add these top-notch graphics, but reports indicate that the photos do arrive in guests' digital accounts.
That's all you can do? — There are different ways to think about this. On the one hand, Disney is trying to signal that when you come to its park, you need to wear a mask. But it's pathetic that the company wouldn't better enforce its mask policy. There are no real repercussions for violators who put workers and other guests at risk. Socially distancing is basically impossible at an amusement park like Disney — anyone who's not wearing a mask needs to be booted if Disney wants to send the message that this behavior isn't acceptable, and that it really cares about its workers.
Ultimately, however, the real failure is that Disney World has to be open at all. Not everyone is so lucky as to be able to work from home. If Congress passed significant ongoing relief for people to help weather quarantining and businesses shutting down, we wouldn't even need to waste time talking about this. Instead we're left debating how businesses should balance trying to stay open with employees worried about their own safety and trying to remain above water. It's all a complete failure of leadership.
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Microsoft files patent to create chatbots from your dead loved ones
Andrew Paul
A roundup of recent tech patents courtesy of Protocol revealed a number of relatively predictable ideas in the works from Silicon Valley including extended battery lives for Apple Watches, more personalized, automated newsfeeds courtesy of Google, the sun blotted out by an ever-watchful battalion of Amazon blimps. But one idea seized upon by Microsoft hints at a very strange, if somewhat widely foreseen, future: chatbots that can mimic anyone if supplied with enough personal data.
More human than human — The patent, "Creating a Conversational Chatbot of a Specific Person," filed last week by Microsoft might sound relatively innocuous, and it probably is, to a certain extent. "In aspects, social data (e.g., images, voice data, social media posts, electronic messages, written letters, etc.) about the specific person may be accessed. The social data may be used to create or modify a special index in the theme of the specific person's personality," reads the patent's abstract. Essentially, this sounds like Microsoft hopes to better improve its customer service chatbots, as well as future AI assistance along the lines of Alexa, Siri, or its own Cortana (LOL).
A new era of 'identity' theft — That said, the implications for this kind of hyper-specific, digitalized personality mimicry are as varied as they are unsettling. While Microsoft probably (probably) has enough focus-grouped sense and lawyers on retainer to avoid advertising a personal assistant that looks and sounds like your dead grandpa, we can't say the same for other companies and programmers.
Aside from the very obvious creepiness of a deceased loved one reading you Waze directions to the nearest Chipotle from beyond the grave, the idea of conversational AI based on an amalgamation of your tweets, Facebook posts, and text messages coupled with voice mimicry (which is already a thing, by the way) could usher in a whole new era of cyber-fraud and "identity" theft.
Who would own who? — And goddamn, let's not even begin to parse out what that means for our notions of individual, conscious identities (Mike Murphy, who rounded up those patents for Protocol, already did a very admirable job of that, anyway). Then there's the whole thorny subject regarding one's privacy rights after their death. Oh, and what about digital data rights ownership? Does the digital assistant modeled after yourself circa 2006 that you drunkenly purchased as a goof truly belong to you? Or is that 16-year-old "you" — you know, the you with an embarrassing obsession with The Decemberists, suit vests, and suspenders — property of Bill Gates in perpetuity? Come to think of it, he can have that, if we're being honest with ourselves.
But still! This all sounds really complicated, and unlike the patent for Microsoft's single player VR basketball game, feels like a near certainty in the years to come.
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NBA Trade Rumors: Toronto Raptors’ Greivis Vasquez Garnering Interest From Minnesota And Houston
Daniel Benjamin
Basketball Vintino is reporting that the Minnesota Timberwolves and Houston Rockets are interested in trading for Toronto Raptors’ Greivis Vasquez.
Greivis Vasquez in a press conference in Venezuela said the Rockets and the Timberwolves are interested in him, as per @basketvinotinto
— Sportando (@sportando) June 22, 2015
Toronto (49-33) won the Atlantic Division for a second straight year but the Raptors are in need of a roster shakeup after being swept in the first round of the Eastern Conference playoffs by the Washington Wizards. The Raptors, who were No. 4 in the NBA in scoring during the regular season, topped the century mark just once in their four game series against the Wizards and were blown out in the final game (125-94).
Vasquez, 28, is a solid backup point guard with the ability to start when called upon. He is coming off one of his worst seasons of his six-year NBA career. Vasquez will make $6.6 million this upcoming season, which is manageable for teams interested in trading for him as he is in the final-year of his contract.
Greivis Vasquez: I’d love to remain with the Raptors https://t.co/NB7R6JWtZc
Vasquez averaged 9.5 points, 3.7 assists and 2.6 rebounds in 82 games (29 starts) last season. He shot 40.8% percent from the field, though he did make a career-best 37.9% of his three-point attempts.
Vasquez can play all three perimeter positions and possesses excellent court vision. He is a good passer, though he didn’t have an overabundance of assists last season, and doesn’t turn the ball over a ton (1.5 per game). Vasquez is not a major scoring threat but he has improved his long-distance shooting — he made 1.6 three-pointers a game last season though 48.4 percent of his shot attempts came from beyond the arc.
Defensively, Vasquez’s length gives opposing point guards trouble. However, his lack of foot speed hinders him defensively. According to Basketball-Reference, Vasquez recorded a defensive rating of 110 in 2014-15– which is his career average rating.
It will be interesting to see what type of value Vasquez brings back to Toronto in any trade.
Houston’s interest in Vasquez is not surprising as the Rockets need to upgrade their ball-handling. ESPN reported that James Harden, who committed an NBA-record 13 turnovers in the Rockets Game loss to Golden State in the Western Conference finals, has said he wants to alleviate some of his ball-handling responsibilities next season.
If the Rockets do trade for Vasquez, he could end up as their starting point guard as last year’s starter Patrick Beverley is a restricted free agent. Jason Terry, who has the ability to play point guard, is 37-years old and an unrestricted free agent while Pablo Prigini, the other point guard on the roster, is 38-years old. Houston has two draft picks in the upcoming draft and is projected to pick Duke guard Tyus Jones with their first round selection.
Hoop Rumors is reporting that the Rockets could offer the Raptors some cap relief by including Kostas Papanikolaou in any deal involving the teams. Papanikolaou has a team option valued at $5.5 million though it is not guaranteed until October — if Houston picks the option up. The Rockets have said they would like to keep Papanikolaou.
Minnesota is expected to take forward/center Karl Anthony-Towns with the No. 1 pick in the 2015 draft on Thursday and has put former No. 1 draft pick Anthony Bennett on the trading block. Bennett, a Canadian, would have some national appeal but NBC Sports stated that the Raptors would want more than just him in any trade. Bennett averaged 5.2 points and 3.8 rebounds in 57 games for the Timberwolves last year.
The Timberwolves currently have Ricky Rubio and Zach LaVine as their top two point guards. However, there are rumors that Rubio may be on his way out of Minnesota and LaVine is better suited to play shooting guard.
(photo by Claus Anderson/Getty Images)
Alan Dershowitz Says Impeaching Donald Trump Post-Presidency Is ‘Plainly Unconstitutional’ January 17, 2021
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Difference between revisions of "Thame festivals"
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{{FlItemTop|Locality=|Lat=51.746810|Lon=-0.974192|AdmDiv=Oxfordshire|Vicinity=''c.'' 11 km SW of Aylesbury|Riding=|Demonym=|GreaterLondon=|FirstYearPrefix=|FirstYear=1474|FirstYearSuffix=/75|LastYearPrefix=|LastYear=1501|LastYearSuffix=/02|Century=|Events=Robin Hood's ales at Whitsun|Image=geograph-4126457-by-Stefan-Czapski.jpg}}
{{#display_map:{{#var:Coords}}~{{#replace:{{PAGENAME}}|'|'}}|width=34%|service=leaflet|enablefullscreen=yes}}<div class="pnMapLegend">Thame.</div>
[[File:{{#var:Image}}|thumb|right|500px|Upper High Street, Thame / [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4126457 Stefan Czapski, 17 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]]]
[[File:{{#var:Image}}|thumb|right|500px|Upper High Street, Thame / [http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4126457 Stefan Czapski, 17 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]]]<div class="no-img"><p id="byline">By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2018-06-03. Revised by {{#realname:{{REVISIONUSER}}}}, {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY2}}.</p><div class="no-img">
<p id="byline">By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2018-06-03. Revised by {{#realname:{{REVISIONUSER}}}}, {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY2}}.</p><div class="no-img">
== Records ==
{{quote|[1474/75:]<br/>Ite. we recevyd of Robyn hodg Ale at Wytsontyde  xxvi<sup>s</sup> ix<sup>d</sup><ref>{{:Ellis, W_Patterson_1913a}}, see p. 22.</ref>
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Thame.
[[File:|thumb|right|500px|Upper High Street, Thame / Stefan Czapski, 17 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]]
By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2018-06-03. Revised by Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2020-05-16.
[1474/75:]
Ite. we recevyd of Robyn hodg Ale at Wytsontyde xxvis ixd[1]
It' rec' of money gadered by Robyn Hood at the same tyme clerely xiiij [s.][2]
[1501/1502:]
Itm. rec'. of the may ale and of the gaderyng of Robyn Hodde in new Thame att whitsontyed clere xx [s.]
Itm. rec. the same tyme of the may ale in old Thame xiij [s.][3]
The "same tyme" referred to in the 1596/97 entry is Whitsuntide.[4]
IRHB comments
It is perhaps just worth noting that the 1474/75 entry is ambiguous. A reader who was unaware that parish fundraising in late medieval and early modern times was not infrequently carried out in the name of Robin Hood would almost certainly read "hodg" as "Hodge" rather than "Hood", and if the entry had occurred on the expense side, it might conceivably have been taken to refer to a scot-ale organized by or for someone named Robin Hodge, and the use of the pet form 'Robin' would then be taken as indicating familiarity. Scot-ales, perhaps originally a means for manorial reeves and indirectly their lordly employers to wring money out of unwilling tenants, over time came to be used for raising money for various collective or private purposes, including as a means of augmenting, or in lieu of, the salary of officials. Since I argued several decades ago, in an unpublished paper, that the church ale developed from the scot ale,[5] I note with interest that, in addition to several entries relating to church ales, the churchwardens' accounts of Thame include two references to expenses "at John Huletes ale" (1465) and "at Hulets ale a general chapt'r day" (1466).[6] In 1481/82 we find an expense entry for "John Hewlett Aparitor his fees".[7] Evidently it was the apparitor who at least sometimes relied on scot-ales for all or some of his income. Significantly, Mr Hewlett's ales figure as occasions of expense, whereas those of Robin 'hodg'/Hood bring an income to the parish.
There are several references to church ales and various types of dramatic activity in these relatively early churchwardens' accounts. In 1445, "we reseyved off ye chyrch all at Whyttson tyde" 10s. 10d., while 3s. 4d. was gathered at a play on some unstated occasion that year.[8] In 1449 there was "a nale y made at Wytsuntyde"[9] In 1452, "an alle at phyllyppys day & jakob" – St Phillip and St James the Less, 3 May[10] – brought in 10s. 7½d., while the income from "howyr hale at Wytsontyd" was 17s.[11] The accounts for 1454 include two entries for receipt of "May Sylver", from John Baker and Thomas Dagnale respectively.[12] In 1462, there was again a play at some unstated occasion.[13] In 1465, there was a play for which the church organ was used.[14] In 1474/75, a play at an unstated occasion, expenses over "brewyng of the Ale at Witsontyde", and "we recevyd of ye chryche Ale at Wytsu'tyde" £20. 7s. 4d.[15] This was the same year as the "Robin hodg" ale at Whitsun, so perhaps the two entries refer to one and the same event? In 1478/80, Isabella Chapman handed in money collected "at Wytsontyde", while "the May Ale [...] deducting expenses clear" brought in 13s. 8d.[16] In 1481/82 receipts included 15s. 8d. "gathered at Wytsontyde from ye p'she"[17]. The Whitsun festival that year also involved expenses. John Payntor was paid 4d. for "lyvarages at Wytsontide". These were painted badges, often called "liveries" or "small liveries", which people who took part in the festival or "ale" wore to show they had paid the sum – or some sum – required from participants. The sum of 16d. was spent on "the book of Jacob and his 12 sons at Wytsontide".[18] The profit that year was therefore 14s. 8d. In 1488 receipts "against Wytsontide of ye May Ale all clere deductyng expènsys" amounted to 20s. There is mention of a play, but yet again it is not clear on which occasion this took place.[19] In 1516 and perhaps again in 1523 there was a "Resurrection Play"; the latter year also "the iij kings of Colen & Herod on Corps X'ti day".[20] In 1532 there was a "may ale of newe Thame" and a "maye ale of the old Thame".[21]
In 1557, under Queen Mary, there was a May ale,[22] for which were required 13 yards of green cloth for men's coats; 2½ yards of yellow cotton, say and coloured thread; making the coats; nine dozen "daunchyng Bells", "for makynge of the lord byways and for pap'", for playing cards, "to ye lord of the Maye ale" "to the Mynstrells for their wages".[23] The bells of course tells us a morris dance was part of the entertainments, and it is tempting to take the green and yellow cloth as an indication that it was a Robin Hood cum morris, but of course this is quite uncertain.
There were also during the 15th century the receipts of "hocking money" or "hock money" as in 1456, 1457, 1458, 1471/72, 1478/80 and 1488. On Hock Monday, the second Monday after Easter, women would use ropes to catch men, who were only set free after paying a forfeit.[24] Except for the man-hunting women, the events seem to cluster in the month of May and/or at Pentecost, and one cannot conclude that a difference in name necessarily always corresponds to a difference in occasion and/or "content" of the event. We cannot say if a Robin Hood ale that took place at Whitsun was different from a "non-Robin Hood" ale at Whitsun. We do not know if the Robin Hoods were simply those responsible for the church ales or if they put on some kind of performance. Perhaps there were no Robin Hoods. The Thame accounts never refer to anyone as having served as Robin Hood, so the latter may simply have been the name of the event.
Lists and gazetteers
Lancashire, Ian, compil. Dramatic Texts and Records of Britain: a Chronological Topography to 1558 (Cambridge, 1984), No. 1442
Singman, Jeffrey L. Robin Hood: The Shaping of the Legend (Contributions to the Study of World Literature, No. 92) (Westport, Connecticut; London, 1998), p. 181
Sussex, Lucy, compil. 'References to Robin Hood up to 1600', in: Knight, Stephen. Robin Hood: A Complete Study of the English Outlaw (Oxford, UK; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1994), pp. 262-88, see pp. 266 (bis), 267
Wiles, David. The Early Plays of Robin Hood (Cambridge, 1981), p. 65
Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 20, pt. 4 (1915), pp. 115-19, see p. 22 (1474/75 entry)
Lee, Frederick George. The History, Description, and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Thame, in the County and Diocese of Oxford (London, 1883), col. 26 (1501/1502 entry)
Singman, Jeffrey L. Robin Hood: The Shaping of the Legend (Contributions to the Study of World Literature, No. 92) (Westport, Connecticut; London, 1998), p. 181 (1496/97 entry).
Catholic Culture: Easter: May 3rd: Feast of Sts. Philip and James, apostles
Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 7, pt. 4 (1902), pp. 113-19
Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 8, pt. 1 (1902), pp. 24-30
Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 10, pt. 1 (1904), pp. 19-24
Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 10, pt. 4 (1905), pp. 105-107
Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 11, pt. 4 (1906), pp. 116-18
Encyclopedia Britannica: Hocktide play: English Folk Play
Lee, Frederick George. The History, Description, and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Thame, in the County and Diocese of Oxford (London, 1883), cols. 25-88.
Wikipedia: Thame.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 19, pt. 1 (1913), pp. 20-24, see p. 22.
↑ Lee, Frederick George. The History, Description, and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Thame, in the County and Diocese of Oxford (London, 1883), col. 49. IRHB omits strings of points separating entry texts and amounts. Denominations in brackets added by IRHB. They are printed as column headers by Lee.
↑ Singman, Jeffrey L. Robin Hood: The Shaping of the Legend (Contributions to the Study of World Literature, No. 92) (Westport, Connecticut; London, 1998), p. 181.
↑ Nielsen, Henrik Thiil. "It is Robin Hood's Day": the Greenwood Hero in the English Spring Festival (term paper, University of Copenhagen, 1988), pp. 8-9; Middle English Dictionary: scot-āle (n.)
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 14, pt. 1 (1908), pp. 25-28, see p. 28; Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 16, pt. 3 (1910), pp. 87-89, see p. 89.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 20, pt. 4 (1915), pp. 115-19, see p. 118.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 9, pt. 4 (1904), pp. 117-20, see pp. 118, 119.
↑ Lee, Frederick George. The History, Description, and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Thame, in the County and Diocese of Oxford (London, 1883), col. 41.
↑ Catholic Culture: Easter: May 3rd: Feast of Sts. Philip and James, apostles.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 9, pt. 3 (1903), pp. 75-78, see pp. 75, 76.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 10, pt. 4 (1905), pp. 105-107, see p. 105.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 19, pt. 1 (1913), pp. 20-24, see pp. 22, 24; Lee, Frederick George. The History, Description, and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Thame, in the County and Diocese of Oxford (London, 1883), col. 48.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 19, pt. 3 (1913), pp. 84-86, see pp. 84, 85.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 20, pt. 4 (1915), pp. 115-19, see p. 118
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 9, pt. 2 (1903), pp. 51-57, see p. 53.
↑ Lee, Frederick George. The History, Description, and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Thame, in the County and Diocese of Oxford (London, 1883), cols. 50, 52-53.
↑ Lee, Frederick George. The History, Description, and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Thame, in the County and Diocese of Oxford (London, 1883), col. 52 n. *.
↑ Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 9, pt. 2 (1903), pp. 51-57, see p. 53; Lee, Frederick George. The History, Description, and Antiquities of the Prebendal Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Thame, in the County and Diocese of Oxford (London, 1883), col. 44; Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 10, pt. 1 (1904), pp. 19-24, see pp. 19 (bis), 21; Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 19, pt. 3 (1913), pp. 84-86, p.84; Ellis, W. Patterson, transcr. 'The Churchwardens' Accounts of the Parish of St. Mary, Thame, Commencing in the Year 1442', The Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæological Journal, New Series, vol. 20, pt. 4 (1915), pp. 115-19, see p. 117.
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JLL Perspectives Podcast JLL Podcast | COVID-19 - Toilet paper shortage changing logistics
perspectives podcast
EP3: How the COVID-19 toilet paper shortage is changing logistics
As the coronavirus pandemic started to unfold, shoppers rushed to stock up on household staples in preparation for lockdowns and the uncertainty ahead. Store shelves were cleared of toilet rolls, but confusingly, warehouses remained full.
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Jamie Guerra
Head of Industrial & Logistics, Australia, JLL
Jamie is responsible for the leadership and growth of JLL’s industrial and logistics business, as well as being one of the leading property agents in South Australia, covering retail, commercial and industrial investments. His whole-of-business approach ensures clients get the best people from every part of the business. Jamie has worked in commercial real estate for 28 years, and has been involved in more than $5 billion worth of transactions in NSW and South Australia.
Amy Bentley
General Manager - Supply Chain Solutions – ANZ Global Logistics, Toll Group
Amy has over 20 years’ experience in supply chain, delivering major change programs and leading high-performing technical and operational teams. She has worked across major retail, wholesale, supply chain consulting and 3PL industries. At Toll, Amy leads the ANZ supply chain solutions team which looks at how to build creative, effective and efficient supply chain solutions for customers. Amy has two tertiary degrees and a Masters in Management, and is currently undertaking professional development through Harvard University.
Rebecca Kent (host)
Hello there. Thank you for listening to JLL's perspectives podcast episode three. We're absolutely thrilled at the response to our podcast so far and we've got no doubt this will provide equally great insights.
We're covering the logistics of moving essential goods from suppliers to supermarket or store shelves, through the lens of a consumer good that has gripped the world's attention during the COVID-19 pandemic: toilet paper.
To address the challenges and the opportunities I've got Amy Bentley, who is general manager of supply chain solutions in Australia and New Zealand - global logistics - for Toll Group, and Jamie Guerra who is head of industrial and logistics in Australia, at JLL.
Amy, without wanting to trivialize the massive operation that goes into getting goods to where they need to be, could you summarise for us why we can't get our hands on toilet paper… well, we couldn’t, and in some places we still can't, though I think it's it seems to be picking up just slightly.
That’s the ultimate question that everybody seems to be asking. I think it's fascinating. Toll's in a really good place to be able to answer this question because we actually work pretty closely with Kimberly Clark and manage a lot of their warehouse operations nationally. We also look after Coles’ distribution centre in Victoria. So, the biggest reason is it's really difficult to ramp up manufacturing at the best of times, because you depend upon raw materials and things like that.
So, what we're seeing is it's in warehouses, it's actually getting distributed out in much greater quantities than it normally would be. So we're seeing a lot more trucks on the road with toilet paper. But what we're then seeing at the other side is just people are now so concerned about not having toilet paper. Even if they didn't want to panic buy they are, because it's not there within a short space of time.
Because toilet paper is such a big bulky product, you can imagine you can only fit a certain amount of toilet paper on a pallet as compared to something like cans of tomato, where you can fit a lot more on single pallet. So let's say you would typically hold 200 pallets of toilet paper, now you might be holding in a warehouse a thousand pallets of toilet paper, and they have to go somewhere, but you can only hold that amount for a certain period of time.
So the entire chain becomes incrementally higher. For a manufacturer entering into the distribution centre more frequently, and then from the distribution centre into supermarkets or small independent retailer, that’s an incremental amount of traffic as you're trying to manage that storage capability in the middle. And, you know, the good thing is we have a number of additional trucks available because with other retail activity having disappeared we've got the capacity to be able to do it.
How many more trucks are we talking about? How much more movement are we talking about it? If it's possible, maybe give us a picture in numbers.
You're talking about almost a quadrupling of a lot of that activity.
I might add to that, because having spoken to a couple of the retailers that we cross paths with, normally in a Christmas event, retailers gear up and supermarkets gear up because they know what happens. So that means extra warehouse space and allowing for it. This is an event which, from a consumer behavioural point of view, has caught people off guard, so trying to scramble to deal with this is a real challenge not just from a manufacturing perspective but from a logistics perspective. The feedback is sales year-on-year being up 20, 30, 40 percent across the whole packaging.
So you can imagine items like toilet paper flour, rice sanitisers - those products that are gone - there's been a massive ramp-up, so the actual manufacturing, the logistics, the warehousing, the deliverables, are where the challenge comes because no-one forecast this, so planning is a is a problem. That impact is flowing across the demand for short-term accommodation for 3PLs (third-party logistics providers) and also the supply chain warehouses of the retailers.
Rebecca Kent
So Jamie, what's the role of the warehouses here? How have they been able to come in and accommodate this huge spike in demand? We've heard of pop-up distribution centres...
I think the other part of it is, we are seeing obviously come-off in lots of other areas of retail. So in the normal course, leases are longer term, they're planned out, and you've got ability to map out and plan out supply chain or logistics. We're seeing very rapid changes both up and down in consumer behaviour, and then what flows from it.
But I think in the in the immediate term, some of the requirements are short term because we don't know how long this will go for. So we're seeing requests where the agent becomes a lot more influential in terms of talking to our clients. Where there may be a retailer that's suffering, there may be a demand that fills it, but that needs to have some flexibility around leases and the ability to grow up and down. We had a recent example where one of the fast food operators needed some cold storage, and because of some of the come off in fish exports and other areas, we're able to identify short term requirements in spaces that normally wouldn't be available.
Is that what you've been seeing, Amy?
Yeah, it's a good point. Because we're a 3PL, we often have capacity that's available in our network. So we might have 4000 pallets worth of space somewhere, we would absolutely use that for overflow for, say toilet paper, before we went out to market for anything else. We've got high profile in things like specialty retail, and a lot of those businesses are not operating at present. So we've got the ability to even use those warehouses in the interim whilst they aren’t operating.
So, a bit of that depends on the supply chain, and some of those who have got greater reliance on the 3PLs and externals, versus some of them that do it internally and control it.
What we are seeing is some questions from a supply chain perspective - particularly the manufacturing or the elements that rely on China, imports. Not just the raw product, but for the elements that go with them, the packaging and other parts and so. We've gone through a period of time where efficiency and cost-driven outcomes have led to offshoring. I think questions are now being asked about manufacturing and what what's critical? What do we do onshore? What's the balance? The hard bit is unpacking that. It's not just the one item, it's all the elements that come with it that we tend to rely a lot on.
Jamie, I think that's a really valid point. And you know, already there's discussions around what do we do in the future as far as supply chain resilience type questions are concerned, you know, to ensure that you know, we have protection for our local communities, particularly on critical items, so …
Healthcare and those matters you can see in particular, right. So, face masks, and those are things that we now see: hand sanitizers, medication.
I'm interested in both of your assessments on the ability for the supply chain and logistics network, and warehouse network, to respond to dramatic shifts.
Supply chains are typically not very quick to change, but there's been a necessity here that has driven a substantial amount of adaptation really quickly. And I'm sure Jamie would be saying this as well - the quick shift by a lot of businesses to an online operating platform to deal with the whole social distancing aspect or the shutdown of their business, in the way that they would typically operate … the entire supply chain has to quickly navigate to being able to contend with that, because you've now got a lot more people required within the distribution side of it to be able to execute those online deliveries. But also, too there's a different way of working to a normal distribution model. So setting up a new channel, quickly has been really fascinating to see.
There's a couple of points on that from me. I guess from a manufacturing perspective, it's interesting, because we've seen a lot of that go offshore. We're seeing so much of that skill set and employee base go, and that's the challenge in terms of when a lot of it's gone, we lose that ability to do it.
The second part that I talked about was around supply chain and we are seeing a lot more movement towards e-commerce. Interestingly, Australia is still well behind behaviour in China or in America. JLL research pegs us at … while we've rapidly grown, we are still just over nine percent of our overall retail spend, whereas, it's almost getting up to towards 30 in America which is well above us. So I think we're starting to see that behaviour evolve and grow. This is likely to fast track it.
One of the really pleasing things that we've seen is the number of the constraints we would typically operate under in a logistics context, for example, curfews into stores. The government's really very rapidly moved to disband a lot of those things in the current circumstances. As a global business we see some huge opportunities in what comes after that. There's been some real challenges around being able to maintain environmentally friendly transport networks, cost effective delivery solutions, etcetera, under the current way things are structured. This opens up a whole new opportunity to do things really differently to be able to support businesses and minimize congestion on the roads from an environmental perspective, so I'm excited about that.
So, after normality has resumed, you've got the ear of government and you can present to them a wish list. What will be on that wish list?
I think there'd be a few. One would be how do we effectively deliver into businesses. One of the things that a number of people in our logistics space have been talking about for a long time is can we do more deliveries at night, as an example? Because that means we have less trucks on the road when there's less people commuting. And that way, there's less environmental impact, we also get there quicker, which means we use less fuel. So therefore it's better cost outcome.
I'd like to think that with some of the constraints that have been existing around our road network, that some of those will be challenged as well. So for example, can we use B-doubles on a road now, which previously we haven't been allowed. So, I think there's a really good opportunity here to take away some of the sacred cows.
Jamie, how do you think the industrial property capacity can be or capabilities can be optimized along with perhaps some different transport modes to cope with future demand and future spikes in demand?
I think I think we saw a bit of this coming out of post-GFC where, as the recovery came in those typical long-term leases, hard areas... we've seen in office space with the flexible work environment and the equivalent in industrial is having a bit more flexibility within leases, we're starting to see some of that play out. Typically, it's under a sublease arrangement - I talked a bit about the cold store example. You know, I think we're going to have to see greater flex and greater ability – to the point that Amy made - there are some businesses that are going to take less space and some that will take more, and in Toll's case, yeah, that's what they do. They can upscale and down for their clients.
But I think as landlords the challenge is going to be that's not the norm, because of the way that the finance is structured and everything else in relation to valuation and shareholder value, is around leases and return and capital values. So, there's going to need to be a bit of a shift around how the landlord works with various tenants, and I guess as agents, we play a big role in actually bringing that together and communicating across the board.
So what might a more flexible lease look like?
Yeah, well, I guess it's typically floor space. So, having some ability to upscale or downscale sizes and walls and that's not always easy to do given that you've got businesses together, sharing areas sharing yards. But we're seeing bit more of that. The bigger groups who hold multiple estates are certainly prepared to be much more accommodating and being very client focused around a group and saying, ‘hey, you might have outgrown that, but we've got a facility elsewhere we can put you into and because we are the same landlord, we've got flexibility around estates. That goes back to that that institutionalisation of the market and great visibility across multiple markets with owners in that industrial space.
Yeah, and I'll add to that, if that's right, Jamie. I think we are going to see a number of businesses not survive this current situation. But also, the flip side is we're going to see a lot of new start-ups or entrepreneurial businesses trying to do something really different off the back of this revolutionary opportunity. So I agree that our industrial facilities need to be a lot more flexible and the structure and construct around those as well. What we might see is a lot of those smaller businesses don't have the volume to be warranting going to 3PL but they might want to band together and say look four different types of businesses will take on a property together, so they've got capacity to grow, and can leverage the fixed costs together. They might say, I just want that for four weeks because I, just want to lease week-to-week because I don't really know whether my business is going to take off or not. So I do think there is going to have to be an adjustment on how we deal with all things relating to being able to support distribution and logistics in Australia in the coming 12-18 months.
I'm interested to know about the role of technology. How reliant has the industrial property network and the logistics network been on technology to respond to current challenges? And does it need to be better?
In some cases, a number of businesses are heavily reliant on automation. So if you have automation associated with e-commerce platforms, you will be going gangbusters and that's hugely advantageous to have an automation solution in your online situation right now. But you only have to look to some of our major supermarkets and they've had to actually expand beyond that already just because of the sheer volume. Ultimately, automation still has a throughput threshold, so you can only do so much in 24 hours across automation.
Jamie, I understand once upon a time supermarkets themselves used to have warehouses at the back where they used to store a lot of their stock, and that's no longer the case. Is that right? Can you clear some of that up for me? I understand maybe technology was a driver or the cost of space…
Yeah I think it's been a while since that that was the case. We talked before about the way manufacturing worked and the just-in-time and the reliance on some of the cheaper manufacturing abilities offshore, so we saw a greater drive for efficiencies and return on investment so those products were housed elsewhere.
One of the big things in supply chain is ‘safety stock’ and how much you should hold and where you should hold it. I think we’re going to see a shift to probably holding a bit more of things and probably holding a bit more of those critical products, centrally somewhere in Australia. Also, I think we're probably going to see a real shift to decentralisation. We’ve typically look to consolidate major distribution centres in certain locations, but we’ll probably see a larger push into how you could hold more in particular locations closer to the customer base.
Thank you very much for the conversation, Jamie and Amy, and for your insights. Hope to catch up with you sometime again in the not too distant future.
Fantastic. Thanks very much, Rebecca. Thanks, Jamie.
Thanks, Amy
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Ep 16: How real estate investors are going to invest in 2021
Ep15: Why you can’t claim wellness if you don’t measure it
EP14: Why property investors want metropolitan offices
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Selena Gomez ‘Had Nothing To Do’ With Chloe Moretz And Brooklyn Beckham’s Split
Eunice Alcala
Reports are surfacing that Selena Gomez is one of the reasons behind Chloe Moretz and Brooklyn Beckham’s split. The rumours that the 23-year-old is again caught in a love triangle allegedly makes her bothered, because she likes and respects Chloe.
A Hollywood Life insider reveals that Selena might have been dragged into the issue because of her encounter with Brooklyn at the New York Fashion Week.
“Selena is so bothered by this rumor. She really likes Chloe and she respects her. She hates that this might be hurtful for her. Selena had nothing to do with Brooklyn and Chloe’s breakup, she doesn’t understand how she’s gotten dragged into it.”
Long distance was initially cited as the reason behind Chloe and Brooklyn’s breakup. However, recent rumours suggest that the romance fell apart because David and Victoria Beckham’s eldest has strong feelings for the “Who Says” songstress.
https://instagram.com/p/7gO7KQxbM3/?taken-by=brooklynbeckham
An OK! magazine source also said that Brooklyn’s heartbroken because Selena couldn’t reciprocate his affection.
“He was smitten with Selena even while he was dating Chloe, which was one of the reasons they broke up. [Selena] says Brooklyn’s sweet and all, but he’s just too young for her. In a few years time that could change, but for now she only sees him as a friend – and it’s breaking his heart.”
Apart from the seven-year age gap, another reason why the Monte Carlo actress might not be interested is because of her on-off romance with Justin Bieber. When asked by Elle if she would consider getting back with Justin, Selena laughed and said, “I don’t know!”
It appears that Justin still thinks of Selena sometimes. In a recent interview, he also talked about their relationship and how it felt like being “married to each other” after they moved in together. The honeymoon stage soon dwindled because of various reasons.
Selena isn’t the only name that’s being linked to Brooklyn following his split from Chloe. Brooklyn reportedly went out with aspiring French model Sonia Ben Ammar, whom he met in the Maldives. Brooklyn maintained his usual silent state, but shared an Instagram photo of Sonia on September 7. The two were then spotted having a stroll in Paris.
https://instagram.com/p/7VOhFxxbOL/
Chloe and Brooklyn started dating after being introduced by a mutual friend in California. Despite being photographed several times, the two were actually chaperoned on dates, because they couldn’t drive yet. A month after attending the Teen Choice Awards in August, 2014, the If I Stay actress appeared on Watch What Happens Live and gushed about her love for hanging out with Brooklyn because “he’s a very good guy and he’s a good person.” She was asked by the host if she just didn’t want to put a label on her relationship with Brooklyn and she responded with, “Maybe.”
In another interview with Teen Vogue, she also revealed what she found interesting in Brooklyn.
“What I find really interesting about Brooklyn — and what I really love about that kid — is that he is passionate about what he wants, which is to be a pro soccer star. He’s very serious about it. And I enjoy someone who is on my level with the seriousness kind of thing.”
David once revealed that despite giving his son a privileged life, Brooklyn still commits to a weekend job at a café near their home in North London so that he will remain grounded. The Beckham parents reportedly want their children to experience “working for free” to give them a sense of reality.
The Beckham parents seem to want their kids to learn on their own — that’s why they remain hush about their eldest son’s affairs, even if they’re constantly questioned. While Chloe and Brooklyn didn’t address rumors about their failed romance, they have stopped following each other on Twitter.
[Image via Teen Vogue / Instagram]
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California Minimum Wage 2017: Lawmakers, Labor Unions Reach Agreement To Raise Minimum To $15 An Hour
John Houck
The minimum wage in California will rise to $10.50 per hour in 2017 and then gradually to $15 over the next few years. On Saturday afternoon, a deal was made between lawmakers and labor unions to increase the statewide minimum wage. The deal is expected to be officially announced on Monday by Governor Jerry Brown.
“This is an issue I’ve been working on for many years,” Senator Mark Leno said. “The governor and stakeholders have all been negotiating earnestly and in good faith for some time.”
While the governor signed a bill to increase the minimum wage in 2013, he has since fought efforts to raise it further. The governor has expressed fear that additional increases would put a strain on the state’s already stressed budget and a damper on economic growth.
However, to avoid a battle at the ballot box, the intention of the proposed wage compromise is to settle several disagreements between California’s state legislature, the governor, and some very powerful labor unions. As many polls indicate that voters would likely approve a minimum wage increase, the unions have been pushing for several measures and recently two union-sponsored initiatives qualified for the November 8 ballot.
According to an LA Times report, California’s statewide minimum wage will increase from $10 an hour to $10.50 on January 1, 2017. Then another $.50 increase will happen in 2018, followed by $1-per-year raises through 2022. However, any business with 25 or fewer employees will get until 2023 to reach $15 an hour.
In addition to a wage increase, the deal also gives workers in the public sector who provide in-home care to the disabled three more paid sick days. After 2022, California’s minimum wage would be tied to inflation, yet the governor can provisionally block any increases should poor economic conditions warrant such a freeze.
California’s legislature still has to approve the statewide 2017 wage increase, but insiders say this should happen by the end of the week. If it passes, it could add fuel to supporters of the campaign to raise the minimum wage to $15 nationwide.
The proposed agreement does not prevent local communities from raising wages even further. The statewide minimum is simply the base level of wages and cities can choose to go over and above. San Francisco has already taken aggressive steps to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2018.
While the agreement seems to be moving forward, union leaders aren’t necessarily stopping the planned ballot initiatives. The SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West is still pushing their proposal that has already been qualified for the ballot.
“Ours is on the ballot. We want to be certain of what all this is,” said Sean Wherley, a spokesman for the union. “We are going ahead with it. If some agreement is signed into law, then our executive board would decide what to do. They would only make that decision after any agreement is signed into law.”
Besides California, other states have taken on wage increase proposals. In Oregon, lawmakers recently approved a bill to increase the state’s minimum wage to $15 an hour for workers in urban areas. Additionally, some cities like Seattle and New York City have passed ordinances requiring a $15 minimum wage.
Other states have gone against the grain and enacted laws prohibiting local governments from raising the minimum wage. As previously reported by the Inquisitr, Alabama’s governor signed a bill last month preventing cities and towns from setting their own wage after the city of Birmingham raised it to $10.10.
In 2017, California’s minimum wage will rise to $10.50, making it one of the highest in the nation, alongside Massachusetts and Washington D.C. While several other states are considering wage increases, the boost to $15 an hour would make it the highest nationwide by a substantial margin.
[Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images]
US Politics Donald Trump’s Presidency Was A ‘Failed Experiment,’ Former Homeland Security Official Says
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Joe Biden Would Be A Stronger Democratic Presidential Nominee Than Hillary Clinton
The following article is entirely the opinion of Anthony Sciarratta and does not reflect the views of the Inquisitr.
Anthony Sciarratta
It is safe to say that Hillary Clinton is likely going to be the Democratic presidential nominee even though she is finding trouble putting away her fellow candidate Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders. One could argue that Clinton is powerful, but there are other candidates who could have run away with the race long ago. One of those candidates could have been Vice President Joseph Biden.
The United States Of America is clearly at the turning point in its political history. The Republican Party is becoming more divided by the minute. Presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump did not create these cracks in the GOP. What he managed to do was exploit them at the correct time. The same goes for Bernie Sanders with the Democratic Party.
Sanders sparked a revolution that is going to stick around for years to come. He really resonates with millennials, and when it is their turn to run things, the effects of the Bernie Sanders’ campaign will really be felt. As much as there is a divide in the Republican Party, there is just as big of a divide in the Democratic Party.
It may not be as clear, but the Democrats are divided amongst themselves. Hillary Clinton is a moderate Democrat who slowly changed her game plan to become more like her rival, Bernie Sanders. Clinton is being forced to press for change in a more demanding way. These effects may also be seen when Clinton chooses her vice president, who very well could be someone as liberal and radical as Sanders. Choosing a vice president who is more along the lines of Sanders’ policies would be an attempt to unite the party. This accurately explains the buzz around Clinton choosing Senator Elizabeth Warren as her vice president.
Clinton is struggling to put away Bernie Sanders because she is not the strongest candidate the Democrats could have put out. Because of her email scandal and some other actions, she is almost just as unfavorable as Donald Trump among American voters. A CBS News and New York Times poll revealed that 52 percent of people view Clinton as unfavorable, while 57 percent view Trump as unfavorable. These are historic numbers for presidential candidates. The last time two candidates were viewed that badly was in 1984.
If Joe Biden had decided to run for president, it may have changed the whole dynamic of the election for both parties. Biden is a wild card candidate, and he has some very strong points and some very weak points to his potential candidacy. However, he would without a doubt be more favorably viewed than Clinton.
President Barack Obama has an approval rating of 52 percent, according to the Gallup Poll. This would have definitely rubbed off on Joe Biden. Biden has an average favorability rating of 47.4 percent, according to Real Clear Politics.
Joe Biden is also the candidate best equipped to take up the attitude that has surrounded this election. If there is one thing that will propel Trump all the way to GOP convention, it is his rhetoric. One of the biggest reasons why Trump has so many supporters is because he is viewed as a no-nonsense kind of man. Even in the beginning of the election race, Trump ranked as the best Republican candidate to handle ISIS and the war on terrorism among Republican voters.
Trump has also received praise from one of the most powerful men in the world, Russian President Vladimir Putin. It’s safe to say that Trump has a reputation as a “tough guy.” Even though Joe Biden is no Donald Trump, he does have the same kind of non-nonsense attitude.
Joe Biden is the perfect candidate to rival Trump in a general election because he could stand his ground. Biden would have no issue firing back at Trump and hitting him where it hurts without thinking twice about it. A perfect example would be Biden’s vice presidential debate against Paul Ryan.
Joe Biden would go head to head with Trump and show that the Democrats can also be on the offensive. Hillary Clinton is capable of that, but Biden has a reputation for being more “out of the box.” That kind of attitude seems to be what America wants at the moment, so why not give it to them?
Biden, unlike Clinton, is fully well aware of the divide in the Democratic Party. CNN reported that Biden and Warren discussed the idea of having her as his running mate last year. Warren is the kind of running mate who could untie the Democratic Party and satisfy the people who are “feeling the Bern.” Sanders is also floating around the idea of making Warren his potential vice president.
Although it is too late now, there is still a way Biden could become the Democratic presidential nominee. If Hillary Clinton does receive criminal charges from the FBI for her email scandal, her campaign would be over. There is no way she could rebound from that. Although it is unlikely, if this happens before the convention, the superdelegates can vote for whoever they choose.
In theory, they could choose to skip over Bernie Sanders, and a potential open convention could be in play. The superdelegates could then cast a vote for whoever they see is the most fit to defeat Trump. That person may be Vice President Joe Biden. These scenarios are highly unlikely and improbable, but anything is possible in politics as we have seen from the Trump campaign, which has defied all odds.
[Photo by Kevin Dietsch-Pool/Getty Images]
Donald Trump’s White House Is Reportedly Selling Pardons As His Term Comes To An End January 17, 2021
Salma Hayek Flaunts Cleavage In Deep Plunging Dress To Celebrate 17 Million Instagram Followers January 17, 2021
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The Tragically Hip Says Farewell As Frontman Gordon Downey Faces Terminal Cancer
Edward VKanty
The Tragically Hip has been a staple of the Canadian music scene through decades, but that reign is coming to a close, as frontman Gordon Downie prepares to step out of the music world, due to having been diagnosed with terminal brain cancer. Before the band hangs it up, however, Downie and the rest of The Tragically Hip will be finishing up a tour with three final Toronto concerts. Gordon and his bandmates aren’t making these last dates a wake by any stretch of the imagination, but instead will deliver the passionate rocking sounds for which they have become known, hoping to give Hip fans some final, great moments to remember.
The Tragically Hip Retires With A Three Decade Retrospective
A post shared by The Tragically Hip (@thetragicallyhip)
Formed in 1983, The Tragically Hip has been entertaining music lovers with their unique mix of grunge and hard rock for over 30 years, and as lead singer Gordon Downie prepares to face his last days battling brain cancer, the band hopes to give Downie, as well as their fans, a truly memorable blowout. Billboard reports that The Tragically Hip’s final tour has been a huge success with their most recent concert performing in a 20,000 seat sell out, which included backstage, standing-room-only passes in addition to more traditional seating.
While Gordon Downie’s illness was known to most of those 20,000 fans and to his fellow band members, The Tragically Hip concert kept things on a high note, save for one moment.
“It’s a tough world; it’s a tough gig,” said Downie, alluding to the brain cancer forcing him to abandon his beloved fans and friends.
The Tragically Hip consists of guitarists Rob Baker and Paul Langlois, bassist Gord Sinclair, and drummer Johnny Fay in addition to singer Downie. Together, the band has made a special mark in their hometown of Toronto, earning them their own special day, as Mayor John Tory declared Wednesday “The Tragically Hip Day” in honor of the group of musicians.
Gordon Downie Accomplishes Something Few Ever Do
The Globe and Mail points to Downie’s final performances with The Tragically Hip in suggesting Gordon is one of the few people to get to perform at their own wake, and yet anyone attending these final concerts would say that mourning was the furthest thing from anyone’s mind. Unless it had been publicly revealed, many have said no one would know by Downie’s on-stage antics that The Tragically Hip frontman was dying.
The Tragically Hip is often noted for their poetic lyrics and the way in which they combine folk music with rock, giving audiences and music lovers a transcending experience in listening to their songs. The songs, many of which are stories as much as they are melodies, are so ingrained in the hearts of fans that audiences have been singing along with The Tragically Hip throughout this farewell tour. Most of these experiences were joyous celebrations of The Tragically Hip’s 30-odd-year existence, but, at times, the reality that they would all soon be mourning the loss of Gordon Downey hit home, leaving many fans in a momentary melancholy.
That mournful sadness didn’t overtake the crowd for long, because, as usual, The Tragically Hip’s set was far too lively to permit it. The band jumped into songs such as “New Orleans Is Sinking” and “Little Bones,” along with an extended list of hits from the past three decades to keep fans entertained. Even that wasn’t enough, though. Gordon led his fellow Hip musicians into an encore set of “Escape Is At Hand for the Travellin’ Man,” “Poets,” and “Bobcaygeon,” before opening up a second encore that featured the songs “Daredevil” and “Grace, Too”.
When it was all over, Gordon Downie said his goodbye, the last chance he would ever have to do so in such a public venue.
“Goodnight everybody. We’ll see you down the road somewheres, alright?,” Downie said, blowing kisses and waving, before finally exiting.
[Photo by Frazer Harrison/Getty Images]
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‘Star Wars: The Last Jedi’: Looking For Hope After ‘The Force Awakens’
'Star Wars' saga very much redeemed thanks to 'The Force Awakens,' but will 'The Last Jedi' continue that trend?
Christina St Jean
The Force is alive and well, and Star Wars fans could not be happier – or more excited – for December 15’s premiere of The Last Jedi.
The Force Awakens left Star Wars fans everywhere once again hopeful that yes, incredible additions to the Star Wars saga would be forthcoming. While there was hope that the prequel series of films from 1999 to 2005 would be as gripping as the original three films from 1977 to 1983, the prequels just did not deliver the spirit of the original Star Wars films, and when Star Wars was ultimately sold to Disney, with further films being announced, everyone was more than a little nervous. People were excited that the original cast was to be reunited, but what of these new characters and actors? Would they hold up?
We need not worry. Whether people were captivated by Daisy Ridley’s portrayal of desert scavenger – and potential Jedi-in-waiting – Rey or intrigued by Stormtrooper turned Resistance fighter Finn (John Boyega) or charmed by heroic x-wing pilot Poe (Oscar Isaac), The Force Awakens hit all the high notes for most Star Wars fans. As the date of The Last Jedi premiere looms ever closer, though, can audiences still expect a quality film that is not a rehashing of Empire Strikes Back, as some have feared? After all, The Force Awakens felt very much like an updated version of Star Wars: A New Hope in order to draw in 21st century audiences, so there are some who were wondering what The Last Jedi might bring.
Don't worry. Despite a few surface similarities, #TheLastJedi has a radically different structure from The Empire Strikes Back – and every other Star Wars movie.
— Anthony Breznican (@Breznican) December 10, 2017
The answer appears to be a resounding yes. After the premiere of the film in Los Angeles on December 9, several of Hollywood’s elite took to Twitter to proclaim it as one of the best films they have seen from the saga. Mark Hamill, who has considerably more to say in The Last Jedi than he certainly did in The Force Awakens, said that he felt that The Last Jedi was his favorite film since Empire Strikes Back.
Mark Hamill: “It’s [The Last Jedi] probably my favorite one since Empire Strikes Back” pic.twitter.com/LurRIFwwbj
— Star Wars Holocron (@sw_holocron) November 22, 2017
According to USA Today, everyone from directors to the managing editor of ticket site Fandango.com were raving about The Last Jedi director’s work on the film, in addition to praising the cast as a whole. Logan director James Mangold said that Johnson delivered “a great chapter of a blockbuster franchise, spectacular and unpredictable, but also his own voice shining through… kudos!”
Such unofficial reviews are enough – possibly – to bring balance to the Force once again, and if the early word on Carrie Fisher’s final performance is anything to go by, Star Wars fans everywhere are going to be in for an incredible ride.
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Letter Of Intent Signed By Trump To Build Moscow Trump Tower Obtained By CNN: ‘He Was Lying’
This is truly massive and possibly flies right in the face of Trump's defense.
Yuri Gripas / Getty Images
Mohit Priyadarshi
Donald Trump has long maintained that he or his campaign had nothing to do with Russia. But when special counsel Robert Mueller proved that his campaign staff, including former lawyer Michael Cohen and his former national security adviser Michael Flynn, had a lot to do with Russia, Trump tried to defend himself by claiming that he was not aware of their contacts with Russia.
Then, last week, filings for Cohen’s sentencing revealed that he had lied about the actual timeline of his dealings with Russian officials regarding the construction of Trump Tower in Moscow. Cohen admitted to keeping Trump in the loop about the development, which Trump also denied. But now CNN has obtained a document which potentially flies in the face of Trump’s assertion that he had nothing to do with Russia. A letter of intent signed by Donald Trump to go forward with the construction of Trump Tower Moscow shows that even while he was preparing to run his campaign for the presidency, he was giving his company the go-ahead to foster a massive real estate deal in Moscow.
As Chris Cuomo of CNN noted while introducing the document, the letter of intent signed by Trump doesn’t implicate him of any wrongdoing or proves his criminality, but it allegedly shows us that Donald Trump has been lying about having no contact with Russia. The fact is that he signed a letter of intent to build Moscow Trump Tower in October of 2015 when he was preparing to build his campaign. Cohen has already told investigators that he continued to work with Russian officials to see the proposed project to its completion much beyond the start of Trump’s campaign and that he kept Trump in the loop all that time.
never forget pic.twitter.com/oRNbixkhd1
— Adam Parkhomenko (@AdamParkhomenko) November 30, 2018
As Mother Jones Washington Bureau Chief David Corn put it aptly after Cohen’s confession, Trump was interacting with Russia even as he was telling voters of his “America First” agenda.
“When Trump was running for president as the ‘America First Candidate’ his company was secretly interacting with Putin’s own office so that he could do a deal in Russia to make money for Donald Trump – and not telling the public. There’s a defrauding of the American voter underway.”
MSNBC’s Rachel Maddow’s assessment of Trump lying about the entire deal holds a lot of water in light of the current revelation.
“As a candidate, we now know, Trump was definitely compromised by Russia. He was lying about his dealings with Russia and Russia knew it and Russia was helping him to keep it a secret. We have a presidential candidate who is lying about Russia’s plan to provide him with hundreds of millions of dollars for that real estate project if he gets sanctions removed.”
Just this Sunday, Trump’s lawyer Rudy Giuliani had said there was a letter of intent, but “no one had signed it,” which we now know could be false. It is staggering to see the level of alleged misinformation emanating from Donald Trump and his staff, but the president might be in real trouble as his words in his own defense now hold little credibility.
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Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Prevention by 5-Aminosalicylates: Current Status and Perspectives
By Jean-Marie Reimund, Marion Tavernier, Stéphanie Viennot, Inaya Abdallah Hajj Hussein, Benoît Dupont, Anne-Marie Justum, Abdo R. Jurjus, Jean-Noël Freund and Mathilde Lechevrel
Submitted: January 27th 2011Reviewed: July 12th 2011Published: January 18th 2012
Home > Books > Ulcerative Colitis from Genetics to Complications
Jean-Marie Reimund*
Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 3919, SFR ICORE, UFR de Médecine, CHU de Caen, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, CHU de Caen, Service d’Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition, Pôle Reins – Digestif – Nutrition, 14033 Caen Cedex 09, France
Marion Tavernier
Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 3919, SFR ICORE, UFR de Médecine, CHU de Caen, Avenue Côte de Nacre, 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
CHU de Caen, Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Viscérale, Pôle Reins – Digestif – Nutrition, 14033 Caen Cedex 09, France
Stéphanie Viennot
CHU de Caen, Service d’Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition, Pôle Reins – Digestif – Nutrition, 14033 Caen Cedex 09, France
Inaya Abdallah Hajj Hussein
American University of Beirut, Department of Human Morphology, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
Anne-Marie Justum
Abdo R. Jurjus
Jean-Noël Freund
INSERM U682, 3, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
Mathilde Lechevrel
Ulcerative Colitisfrom Genetics to ComplicationsEdited by Mustafa Shennak
Ulcerative Colitis from Genetics to Complications
Edited by Mustafa M. Shennak
Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. This risk increased mainly with longer duration of colitis, greater anatomic extent, and/or association to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Recent work highlighted also the carcinogenetic role of long-standing – despite if mild or moderate – mucosal inflammation, bringing an additional argument to support the growing concept of mucosal healing as the final target of current and future treatments (Lichtenstein & Rutgeerts, 2010).
Until now, repeated colonoscopic surveillance with biopsies targeted on visible lesions associated to multiple random biopsies in endoscopically normal-appearing mucosa, remains the major way to detect mucosal dysplasia (a precancerous lesion), thereby decreasing colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mortality in UC patients. Colorectal cancer chemoprevention is a second promising strategy to reduce CAC risk in this patients’ population. In particular, most of the available epidemiological data indicate a preventive role for 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives (5-ASA), despite recent work suggested also a protective role for purine derivatives. Although the main mechanisms by which 5-ASA may reduce CAC risk is not exactly known and remains controversial, some interesting hypothesis have emerged, resulting from fundamental research in molecular biology and pharmacology. This increased understanding of the putative pathway(s) by which 5-ASA may interfere with CAC development appears also as the starting point for optimising 5-ASA derivatives or identifying new compounds acting more specifically and/or being more efficient in preventing neoplastic transformation of the colonic epithelium in UC patients. These different points will be addressed more precisely in the three next parts.
2. Frequency of colorectal cancer risk in ulcerative colitis and risk factors
Ulcerative colitis is a worldwide distributed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In a recent review, Cosnes et al., reported that in the West, its incidence and prevalence has increased in the past 50 years, respectively up to 8-14/105 and 120-200/105 persons (Cosnes et al., 2011).
2.1. Frequency of colorectal cancer risk in ulcerative colitis
Compared to the general population, patients with UC have an increased risk to develop colorectal cancer (Kulaylat & Dayton, 2010; Viennot et al., 2009). Early data by Ransohoff estimate the risk of CAC at 0.5% per year after 10 years of UC, and 1.0% per year after 20 years of disease (Ransohoff, 1988). Later, a meta-analysis by Eaden et al. reviewing 116 studies representing a total of 54,478 UC patients, placed the risk of CAC in UC at 2% at 10 years, 8% at 20 years, and 18% at 30 years (Eaden et al., 2001). However, more recently published results, in particular those reporting general population data (in comparison to studies performed in reference centres), suggest that the risk may probably not be so high as reported earlier. This has been the case in a large population-based study by Bernstein et al. in Canada (Manitoba district), were the CAC risk was estimate to be 2.75 increased (95% CI: 1.91-3.97) (Bernstein et al., 2001). In a large study from Denmark (22,290 person-years), Winter et al. reported a 30-year cumulative probability of CAC in UC of 2.1%, a risk not statistically different than in the general population (Winther et al., 2004). Finally, Rutter et al. reported a cumulative CAC incidence of 2.5% at 20 years, 7.6% at 30 years, and 10.8% after 40 years following disease onset (Rutter et al., 2006). However, this study has been performed in a reference centre. This change in risk magnitude reflects probably a change in clinical practice such as a more often use of surveillance colonoscopy, a more systematic use of chemoprevention, and the fact that in several countries surgery was more commonly used in UC treatment than before the advent and progresses in total colectomy or coloproctectomy with either ileorectal or ileoanal anastomosis. However, the influence of other factors (e.g. environmental factors) cannot be excluded. Taking together 48 studies critically appraised for study population type, person years at risk, disease localisation in Crohn’s disease (CD) and censoring for colectomy, Lutgens et al. found a cumulative risk in all IBD patients in population-based studies of 1%, 2% and 5% after 10, 20 or more than 30 years of disease, with a pooled standardised morbidity ratio (SMR) of 3.6 (95% CI: 3.1-4.1), compared to 1%, 11% and 43%, and a pooled SMR of 8.8 (95% CI: 7.3-11) in reference centres studies ( Lutgens et al., 2008 ). In UC pooled SMR was also higher in reference studies (9.0, 95% CI: 7.4-11.1) compared to 3.7 (95% CI: 3.3-4.3) in population-based studies ( Lutgens et al., 2008 ).
2.2. Factors increasing colorectal cancer risk in ulcerative colitis patients
A number of studies have identified clear risk factors exposing UC patients to CAC risk. Most of these factors are inherent to the disease, although possible genetic factors may contribute to increase this risk. The identification of these factors is of outstanding importance, as it will allow us to better define the patients at high risk, representing the target population for colonoscopic surveillance and chemoprevention.
2.2.1. Age of onset and duration of disease
Patients with disease onset at an early age have been shown to be at higher risk of CAC. For example, Ekbom et al. estimated that patients with UC diagnosed before the age of 15, have a 40% risk of CAC after 35 years of disease onset compared to a 25% risk in patients with UC diagnosed between age 15 and 39 (Ekbom et al., 1990). However, the role of age at UC diagnosis alone remains controversial, as most authors suggest that this increased risk results probably (at least in part) from a longer UC duration. Before 8 to 10 years of UC progression, despite a study by Lutgens et al. reporting early occurring CAC ( Lutgens et al., 2008 ), it is currently assumed that the risk of colorectal cancer is not different than the risk for sporadic colorectal cancer in the general population (Eaden et al., 2001; Rutter et al., 2006; Ekbom et al., 1990). It is only later that it increases by approximately 0.5 to 1% each year, reaching the incidence rates reported in Section 2.1.
2.2.2. Disease extension
Extension of colonic disease is a second really important independent risk factor, CAC occurring principally in UC patients having a history of pancolitis or at least of extended colitis (i.e. colitis beyond the left colonic angle). In these patients, relative risk (RR) is about 14.8 (95% IC: 11.4-18.9) compared to 2.8 (95% IC: 1.6-4.4) in patients with left sided UC and 1.7 (95% CI: 0.8-3.2) when disease is limited to the rectosigmoid. In case of proctitis, CAC risk is virtually not higher than in the general population (Ekbom et al., 1990).
2.2.3. Family history of colorectal cancer
A family history of colorectal cancer increases slightly the CAC risk in UC patients (Nuako et al., 1998; Askling et al., 2001a). By contrast, having a first-degree relative affected by UC does not increase the risk for colorectal cancer among other healthy family members (Askling et al., 2001b).
2.2.4. Presence of backwash ileitis
The presence of reflux (or backwash) ileitis has been suggested by several authors to increase CAC risk (Heuschen et al., 2001). However, it remains controversial as other studies found no relation between backwash ileitis and risk for CAC (Rutter et al., 2006a).
2.2.5. Association with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Until now, the most important risk factor for CAC in UC patients is the presence of concomitant PSC (for review see: Torres et al., 2011), even this association occurs only in a minority of patients. For example, a case-control study performed by Broome et al. reported a cumulative CAC risk of 9% after 10 years, 21% after 20 years and 50% after 25 years in patients having both UC and PSC, compared with 2%, 5% and 10% in patients with only UC (Broome et al., 1995). More recently, Sokol et al. showed a 25-year cumulative rate of CAC of 23.4% in patients suffering both from IBD [n = 75; final diagnosis: 42 UC, 21 CD, 1 indeterminate colitis, 11 unclassified IBD (uIBD)] and PSC, compared to 0% in patients with IBD alone (n = 150; final diagnosis: 80 UC, 43 CD, 3 indeterminate colitis, 5 uIBD) (P = 0.002), despite patients with both IBD and PSC had milder disease and a higher use of 5-ASA (P< 0.001) (Sokol et al., 2008). Noteworthy, this risk remains even after liver transplantation for PSC treatment (Loftus et al., 1998).
2.2.6. Chronic inflammation
The impact of chronic inflammation and CAC has long been a matter of debate. In fact, from a theoretical point of view, increasing evidence supported the hypothesis that chronic inflammation contributes to colon carcinogenesis, in particular by generating a favourable microenvironment for cancer initiation, development, and progression. Increase in mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokine or other inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandins production results in alterations of a large number of molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins or lipids. For example, they induce the formation of adducts to DNA, generating point mutations in genes like the p53 tumour suppressor gene, which is early mutated in IBD inflamed mucosa (even before neoplastic transformation) (Laurent et al., 2011), and in CpG islands involved in DNA methylation. In addition, the increase in local tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins inhibits apoptosis and favours cell proliferation, thereby facilitating carcinogenesis. Currently, both clinical and experimental data demonstrate that chronic inflammation represents probably a key factor in CAC pathogenesis. Rutter et al. indirectly suggest this relationship by showing that endoscopic features indicative of previous severe inflammation, such as pseudopolyps, or indicative of chronically active colitis such as shortened or tubular colon and stricture formation are associated with a significant increase in CAC (Rutter et al., 2004a). More direct clinical evidence came from studies by Rutter et al. and Gupta et al. (Rutter et al., 2004b; Gupta et al., 2007). Rutter et al. found that the endoscopically- and histologically-assessed severity of inflammation significantly enhanced the risk of CAC (2.5 and 5.1 respectively) (Rutter et al., 2004b). More recently, a cohort study by Gupta et al. reported a significant link between histological inflammation and progression towards high-grade dysplasia or CAC, with a RR of 2 (Gupta et al., 2007). Finally, Garrity-Park et al. showed an association between myeloperoxydase immunochemistry, TNF-α polymorphism and RUNX3 methylation and CAC (Garrity-Park et al., 2011). In addition to these clinical data, experimental results contribute to clarify the underlying cellular or molecular mechanisms explaining the link between inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis in UC patients. For example, excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production increases the expression of COX-2 and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) (Agoff et al., 2000). This effect will result in a decrease in the non-esterified arachidonic acid pool responsible for decreased apoptosis, therefore favouring tumorigenesis (Cao et al., 2000). Inflammatory mediators also influence suppressor gene activity; this has been demonstrated for macrophage inhibiting factor which suppresses p53 transcriptional activity in vitro (Hudson et al., 1999), a result which appears important as p53 immunopositivity (together with abnormal DNA ploidy) has been suggested to be an important risk factor of developing CAC in longstanding IBD (Gerrits et al., 2011). In addition, recently, experimental data clearly demonstrate the role of TNF-α as a key mediator in inflammation-driven CAC (Popivanova et al., 2008). The authors showed that invalidation of the p55 TNF-α receptor dramatically reduced the colon tumour formation in mice treated by azoxymethane (AOM, a carcinogen instilled intrarectally) in dextran-sulphate (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in mice. Moreover, wild type mice transplanted with bone marrow from TNF-Rp55-deficient mice appear less susceptible to develop colon tumours, whereas transplantation of bone marrow from wild type animals to TNF-Rp55-deficient mice does not significantly increase tumour formation compared to wild-type animals. Finally, etanercept administration (a monoclonal antibody blocking the p75 TNF-α receptor) reduced both tumour size and number in wild type mice both treated with AOM and DSS (Popivanova et al., 2008). Taken together, these results provide a strong rationale for chemoprevention in order to reduce the mucosal inflammation in longstanding UC patients, and appear as relevant arguments in favour of mucosal healing as a new goal for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
2.3. Factors suspected to protect from colitis-associated cancer
2.3.1. Folate supplementation
Several experimental and epidemiologic studies have suggested that low folate concentrations increase the risk to develop sporadic colorectal cancer, probably by inducing DNA strand breaks in the p53 tumour suppressor gene (Giovannucci et al., 1993; Giovannucci et al., 1998; Kim et al., 1997). Despite patients with IBD have an increased risk of folate deficiency (Phelip et al., 2008) - but more probably CD patients than UC patients (Yakut et al., 2010) -, until now only one case-control study (including 6 cases and 61 controls) found a significant protective effect of folate supplementation (Lashner, 1993) and one small 3 months pilot randomized placebo controlled trial reported a decrease in cell proliferation examined by immunohistochemistry in 12 UC patients (Biasco et al., 1997). All other found no effect of folate supplementation, which therefore could not be seriously considered as an effective chemopreventive treatment against CAC (Rutter et al., 2004b; Lashner et al., 1989; Lashner et al., 1997; Pardi et al., 2003).
2.3.2. Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment
Several years ago, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment has been considered as playing a protective role against CAC in patients with both UC and PSC. Harnois et al. found that high-doses of UDCA (13-15 mg/kg body weight/day) increased the 4-year survival of these patients (Harnois et al, 2003). Concerning CAC, Pardi et al, studying 52 patients with UC associated to PSC, reported that UDCA treatment (n = 29 patients, 13-15 mg/kg body weight/day for a median of 42 months) decreased dysplasia or CAC risk compared to placebo (10% versus 35% after an average follow-up of 6.5 years; RR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07-0.99) (Pardi et al., 2003). However, this result contrasts with studies by Sjöqvist et al. and Wolf et al. which found no protective effect of UDCA (Sjöqvist et al., 2004; Wolf et al., 2005). In addition, higher doses of UDCA (28-30 mg/kg body weight/day) have been recently associated to an increased risk of CAC in UC patients with PSC (Eaton et al., 2011). Therefore, at the present time, the protective role of UDCA remains controversial and it could not be recommended as a chemopreventive treatment, at least at doses higher than 15 mg/kg body weight/day.
3. Chemoprevention by 5-aminosalicylic acids
3.1. 5-aminosalicylates basic pharmacology
Sulphasalazine is the original 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA)-containing medication used in UC. Chemically, named salicylazosulphapyridine (SASP), it combines two molecules with different properties, sulfapyridine (SP), which has a bacteriostatic activity, and 5-ASA (or mesalazine), the moiety having the anti-inflammatory properties. These two compounds were linked together by an azo bond (Azadkahn et al., 1982). After an oral intake, only a small portion of SASP is absorbed in the small intestine and the bulk of the sulphasalazine reaches the colon intact, where colonic bacterial azoreductase enzymes cleave the azo bond with the subsequent liberation of SP and 5-ASA. As SP seems to be responsible for most of the SASP side effects, new approaches for delivering only 5-ASA have emerged, either using pro-drugs (olsalazine, balsalazide) or oral mesalazine formulations “protecting” 5-ASA from release, absorption, and metabolism in the stomach and proximal small bowel by delayed release (Asacol®, Salofalk®, Mesasal®, Claversal®) or controlled release mechanisms (Pentasa®) (Chourasia & Jain, 2003; Sandborn & Hanauer, 2003). Free 5-ASA administered orally undergoes rapid and nearly complete absorption from the distal ileum or colon (actually depending on concentration and local pH), followed by extensive metabolism to N-Acetyl-5-ASA (N-Ac-5-ASA) by the N-acetyl-transferase 1 (NAT 1) in intestinal epithelial cells and the liver (Sandborn & Hanauer, 2003). A mixture of free 5-ASA and N-Ac-5-ASA is excreted in the urine (Mardini et al., 1987; Rijk et al., 1988; Vree et al., 2000). Only 5-ASA is therapeutically active, some placebo-controlled trial in UC patients having shown that the N-Ac-5-ASA metabolite is inactive (van Hogezand et al., 1988).
3.2. Clinical data
In a retrospective case-control study comparing 102 UC patients with CAC to 196 cancer-free UC patients, Pinczowski et al. provided the first evidence for a role of aminosalicylates in CAC prevention (Pinczowski et al., 1994). They found an independent chemoprotective effect for sulfasalazine taken for at least 3 months with an odds ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.2-0.69 after adjusting for disease activity) (Pinczowski et al., 1994). In an other retrospective study by Moody et al., the crude proportion of UC patients developing CAC was of 3% in those taking long-term 5-ASA compared to 31% in those who stopped their treatment or had poor compliance with 5-ASA therapy (χ2 = 20.2, P< 0.001) (Moody et al., 1996). Several years later, Eaden et al. confirmed these findings in a retrospective case-control study: in UC patients, continuous treatment (defined as a treatment for 5 to 10 years) with 5-ASA reduced the CAC risk, at least by 75% [Odds ratio (OR): 0.75, 95% CI: 0.13-0.48] (Eaden et al., 2000). Even after adjustment for other potentially most influential variables, this reduction was the highest in patients taking mesalazine at doses > 1.2 g/day (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.60), whereas SASP at a dose of 2 g/day or more was not effective (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.32-2.26) (Eaden et al., 2000). Nevertheless, this study had two important drawbacks as cases and controls were not always taken from the same population and as they differed by their ethnic composition. However, more recently, studies by Velayos et al., van Staa et al., and Terdiman et al., brought additional data to reinforce the hypothesis that regular use of 5-ASA may reduce the risk of CAC in UC patients (Velayos et al., 2005; Velayos et al., 2006; van Staa et al., 2005; Terdiman et al., 2007). Velayos et al. first performed a meta-analysis on 9 (3 cohort and 6 case-control) studies including 334 CAC cases and 140 cases of dysplasia, and found a protective effect of 5-ASA for CAC risk (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38-0.69), but not for risk of dysplasia (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.41-3.43; but only 2 studies evaluated this outcome) (Velayos et al., 2005). They confirmed these results in a case-control study (188 CAC compared to matched controls) showing a significant decrease in CAC risk in patients taking 5-ASA for 1 to 5 years (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9) (Velayos et al., 2006). However, this protective role for 5-ASA use for more than 6 years (6 to 10 years) does not remain statistically significant (6 to 10 years OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3-1.4; > 10 years OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3-1.3) (Velayos et al., 2006). In 2005, van Staa et al. conducted a large population-based study (18,969 patients, 100 with CAC despite 5-ASA use), and distinguished patients considered as 5-ASA regular users (if they had 6 or more 5-ASA prescriptions in the previous 12 months) and non-regular users. Their results could be summarized as followed: (1) regular users had a lower CAC risk (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.44-1.43), (2) this effect does not occur in SASP users, and (3) for mesalazine regular users this protective effect was only statistically significant in patients with 13-30 prescriptions (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.11-0.84). Finally, Terdiman et al. in a stratum-specific case-control study reported a trend towards a reduced CAC risk related to increasing number of mesalamine prescription, but this tendency was not statistically significant (p = 0.08) and the authors were not definitively confident regarding the CAC protective properties of 5-ASA treatment (Terdiman et al., 2007).
This doubt was reinforced by additional data published during the last 4 years, and clearly brought some confusion into clinicians’ mind concerning the real effect of 5-ASA in CAC prevention, despite they have been considered as protective by several health authorities. Bernstein et al. in a population-based survey in Canada (Manitoba University) among 4,325 UC patients and 4,419 CD patients with colonic disease, found no difference in CAC between patients using 5-ASA for more than 1 or 5 years (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 0.60-1.74 and OR: 1.96, 95% CI 0.84-4.55 respectively), with a similar mean number of 5-ASA prescriptions at 10 vs. 11 (p = 0.8) and a similar mean number of dose days at 330 vs. 410 (p = 0.69) (Bernstein et al., 2011).
Unfortunately, it would probably not be possible to conduct a prospective double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to definitively prove or infirm the chemopreventive role of 5-ASA against CAC; regarding the slow CAC increased risk in the general UC population, such a study needed a too important number of patients and a too long period of surveillance. Cost-effectiveness, as well as its impact on clinical practice to prevent CAC, of such a study seems not realistic and will probably never been performed. Therefore, clinicians have to weight the risk/benefit balance of CAC chemoprevention using 5-ASA, and to consider more attentively other strategies increasing their ability to decrease CAC development and morbidity or mortality in UC (and in general colonic IBD) patients (see Chapter 4.).
3.3. Mechanisms of action
As stated above, despite current controversy, clinical data suggest that 5-aminosalicylates may have antineoplastic and potentially chemopreventive properties. It is hypothesized that 5-aminosalicylates may have roughly similar genetic and molecular targets as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including interactions with ROS production, with the COX and LOX cascade, with the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent effects, and with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)-dependent pathway.
3.3.1. Oxidative stress and DNA damage: role in UC-associated CRC carcinogenesis
Oxidative stress is a common consequence of inflammatory and immune activation. Several experimental data have shown that oxidative stress, by affecting both DNA damage and DNA repair processes, and by activating key genes are involved in several inflammatory and carcinogenetic pathways, contributing particularly to epithelial cells neoplastic transformation (Hussain et al., 2003; Boland et al., 2005). In aerobic cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as a byproduct of normal mitochondrial activity. However, inflammation induces an increased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism resulting in an enhanced ROS production [e.g. superoxide anion radical (•O2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), as well as nitric oxide (NO)] (Boland et al., 2005). These ROS cause major damage to cellular macromolecules, including DNA alterations. Increased expression of ROS and NO [or NO-synthase (NOS), the enzyme which drives NO production from arginine] has been reported in inflamed mucosa from UC or CD patients (Hussain et al., 2000; Oshitani et al., 1993; Rachmilewitz et al., 1995; Kimura et al., 1998; Hofseth et al., 2003). The role of oxidative stress in CAC development has also been suggested. D’Inca et al. reported increased levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG: a mutagen formed by the effect of •OH at the C8 position of deoxyguanosine base) in colonic mucosa in UC patients compared to normal mucosa in healthy controls. Furthermore, 8-OHdG concentrations were higher in UC patients with dysplasia, with longer disease duration, and with clinical and histological activity, and were lower in the rectum, suggesting that the 5-aminosalicylate enemas used by most of the study patients might have had an antioxidant effect (D’Inca et al., 2004). Other evidence supporting the contribution of oxidative stress to colorectal carcinogenesis came from the study by Hussain et al. examining the mutation spectrum of p53 tumour suppressor gene at codons 247 and 248. They found in more than 50% of colonic mucosal specimens from UC patients, a higher frequency of G to A transitions at the CpG site of codon 248 and C to T transitions at the third base of codon 247 (Hussain et al., 2000). In addition, these abnormalities were only detected in inflamed mucosa (Hussain et al., 2000). Finally, alterations of p53 were associated with increased iNOS activity suggesting that oxidative stress plays a role in colorectal carcinogenesis (Oshitani et al., 1993). An exhaustive overview on this specific topic has been recently published (Roessner et al., 2008).
Numerous reports have suggested that oxidative stress may play a role in colon carcinogenesis. In colon cancer cell lines, ROS such as •O2 -, •OH, hypochlorite anion, and, in particular H2O2 induce frameshift mutations and inactivate the DNA mismatch repair system (Gasche et al., 2001; Chang et al., 2002). Concerning this point, several studies indicate that mesalazine is able to inhibit ROS production and/or their deleterious effects (Allgayer et al., 1992; Allgayer, 2003).
3.3.2. 5-aminosalicylates and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition
As stated in Section 2.2.6 COX-2 represents an important target in colorectal cancer in general, and CAC in particular. Due to its structural similarity with other COX inhibitors and to the over-expression of COX-2 in inflamed UC colonic mucosa, it has been suggested that 5-ASA chemoprotective properties against CAC were linked to its capacity to inhibit COX-2 activity. However, experimental data remain controversial. In an experimental study published by Stolfi et al., 5-ASA effectively inhibited colon cancer cell line HCT-115 (which expresses constitutively COX-2) proliferation and, in addition, down-regulated COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, and finally decreased prostaglandin E2 production (Stolfi et al., 2008). However, addition of exogenous prostaglandin E2 to cell culture does not reverse 5-ASA’s inhibitory effect on HCT-115 proliferation. Furthermore, Stolfi et al. showed that 5-ASA inhibits proliferation in DLD-1 human colon cancer cell line (which does neither express COX-1, nor COX-2), a result we reproduced recently (unpublished data) (Stolfi et al., 2008). Therefore, inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by 5-ASA appears partially independent of its effects on COX-2.
3.3.3. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ is a nuclear receptor highly expressed in the colonic mucosa. Several studies have demonstrated that its activation both decreased tumour cells proliferation and increased pro-apoptotic activities (Matthiessen et al., 2005; Shimada et al., 2002; ), inhibited aberrant crypt foci formation (Tanaka et al., 2001), and reduced colorectal cancer development (Osawa et al., 2003), presumably through an interaction with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Jansson et al., 2005; Lu et al., 2005). Rousseaux et al. have demonstrated that 5-ASA acts like a PPAR-γ ligand (Rousseaux et al., 2005). Performing both in vitro and in vivo animal experiments, they showed that 5-ASA increased PPAR-γ expression, thereby reducing inflammation in experimental colitis in mice (Rousseaux et al., 2005). Additionally, Schwab et al. showed that the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of 5-ASA were, at least partly, mediated by PPAR-γ-dependent mechanisms (Schwab et al., 2008). Finally, in immunodeficient SCID mice engrafted with human colorectal cancer cells, locally administered mesalazine significantly inhibited xenografts’ growth, an effect blocked by concomitant administration of the PPAR-γ-selective antagonist GW9662 (Desreumaux & Ghosh, 2006).
3.3.4. 5-aminosalicylic acid and nuclear factor NF-kappa B
The clinical efficacy of 5-ASA as a chemopreventive drug against CAC may probably also be the result of its inhibition of the pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Nuclear factor-κB is a transcription factor controlling the expression of numerous genes implicated both in inflammatory and immune response, and additionally in initiation, development and propagation of colorectal cancer in UC patients. Although few data are available, the key role of NF-κB both in regulating inflammatory/immune response in IBD patients, and its implication in colorectal carcinogenesis, pointed researchers interest towards its role in CAC. In particular, the close link between TNF-α (clearly recognized as a pro-carcinogen in CAC) and NF-κB, suggested that NF-κB probably contributes to CAC onset and development. Until now, this has only been shown in an animal study (Onizawa et al., 2009) and suspected from the results published by Popivanova et al. in 2008 (Popivanova et al., 2008; ).
3.3.5. Effects on the Wnt/β-catenin and the epidermal growth factor receptor pathways
Recent studies have hypothesized that 5-ASA may also exert its chemopreventive properties directly, and not only through its actions on mucosal inflammation. Mesalamine has been reported to decrease the activity of the wingless and integration site growth factor (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway [which is constitutively activated in up to 80% of sporadic colorectal cancers due to somatic mutation of the Apc tumour suppressor gene, although lesser in CAC (Viennot et al., 2009; Laurent et al., 2011)], by inhibiting protein phosphatase A2 (which results in a enhancement of β-catenin phosphorylation, and induces activation of carcinogenetic genes such as cyclin D1, c-met and c-myc) (Bos et al., 2006).
5-aminosalicylic acid has also been reported to inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. This pathway has been shown to be highly activated in colorectal cancer, and is one of the targets of currently used biotherapies in sporadic colorectal cancer (cetuximab, Erbitux®). In CAC, over-expression of EGFR is frequent (Svrcek et al., 2007), and in vitro human colon cancer cell lines exposure to 5-ASA markedly decreased EGFR signaling, at least in part by enhancing the activity of phosphatase SH-PTP2, one of the phosphatases inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation, an essential event for its pro-carcinogenetic effects (Moghal et al., 1999; Monteleone et al., 2006).
4. Conclusion and current clinical recommendations
Colitis-associated cancer prevention in UC (and colonic CD) remains a controversial subject. Following initial data reporting an important increase in colorectal cancer in UC patients, more recent studies performed not only in reference centres but also considering the general UC patients population, reported a CAC risk probably lower than the risk reported in earlier work. In addition, despite numerous (but also often contradictory experimental data on 5-ASA effects on colorectal cancer initiation, development and progression) suggesting a protective role of 5-ASA against CAC in UC patients, most of the data are retrospective, some data are contradictory, and a clear conclusion could not been drawn. In addition, it seems unlikely that a prospective, large population-based study to evaluate 5-ASA chemopreventive properties against CAC would be performed, due to its costs, duration, and number of patients needed to participate.
As a conclusion, clinicians should therefore be very cautious but also consider each UC (or colonic CD) patient as a particular case. Nevertheless, in our opinion and despite several uncertainties, the best remains to follow practical guidelines recommended by numerous gastroenterological scientific societies. These guidelines usually propose a systematic chemopreventive use of 5-ASA (usually around 1.8 to 2 g/day) in addition to systematic colonoscopic dysplasia and CAC screening including chromoendoscopy using either indigo carmine or methylene blue.
2.Frequency of colorectal cancer risk in ulcerative colitis and risk factors
3.Chemoprevention by 5-aminosalicylic acids
4.Conclusion and current clinical recommendations
Jean-Marie Reimund, Marion Tavernier, Stéphanie Viennot, Inaya Abdallah Hajj Hussein, Benoît Dupont, Anne-Marie Justum, Abdo R. Jurjus, Jean-Noël Freund and Mathilde Lechevrel (January 18th 2012). Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Prevention by 5-Aminosalicylates: Current Status and Perspectives, Ulcerative Colitis from Genetics to Complications, Mustafa M. Shennak, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/25577. Available from:
Edited by Mustafa Shennak
By Yousef Ajlouni and Mustafa M. Shennak
New Advances in the Basic and Clinical GastroenterologyEdited by Tomasz Brzozowski
New Advances in the Basic and Clinical Gastroenterology
Edited by Tomasz Brzozowski
Intestinal Microbial Flora – Effect of Probiotics in Newborns
By Pasqua Betta and Giovanna Vitaliti
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Home Small Business Infospace Officers Hit with Lawsuit
Infospace Officers Hit with Lawsuit
By internetnews.com Staff | April 04, 2001
Seeking recovery of a sum approximated by lawyers at Sitianni & Youtz to be $2 billion in actual damages, an InfoSpace stockholder has filed suit in the Superior Court of Washington for King County against present and former officers and directors of InfoSpace.
The "Shareholders Derivative Suit," filed on March 19, 2001, seeks recovery directly for InfoSpace.
According to attorney Steve Sirianni, such a suit is brought when a company has claims against its own management. Because officers and directors are generally reluctant to authorize a suit against themselves, a non-insider shareholder can make claims "derivatively," in behalf of the company.
The Seattle lawyer alleges that the $2 billion figure, which was not cited in the original filing, is the actual amount that will be sought in compensatory damages. The damages have been broken into two parts.
The first area of the damage, totaling $1.5 billion, is the cost of the Go2Net acquisition. The suit alleges that company officers and directors knew that Go2Net had little or no value to InfoSpace, and that they only approved the merger to create the impression that InfoSpace's business and market share were burgeoning. The complaint further states that officers and directors improperly sold millions of shares of InfoSpace stock in late 2000 and early 2001, knowing the merger had failed but before disclosing this fact to regulators or to the investing public.
"(InfoSpace CEO and Chairman) Naveen Jain was all over the press explaining what a terrific acquisition (Go2Net) was, and it seems to us that he knew there was no future in the advertising business that Go2Net brought to the company," said Sitianni.
The lawsuit contends that the remaining percentage of the $2 billion figure stems from allegations that starting in 1999, officers and directors dumped InfoSpace stock, realizing $500 million in profit.
The suit further claims that several present and former officers and directors of the company jeopardized "pooling of interests" accounting treatment for InfoSpace's mergers with Go2Net, as well as with Prio, a California-based e-commerce company.
To maintain pooling of interests accounting treatment for mergers, officers and directors of the merging entities must refrain from selling their stock for a specific period of time. However, several of the officers and directors sold large quantities of stock during the restricted periods, while other officers and directors did nothing to prevent such sales.
Steve Stratz, Public Relations Manager for Infospace, refuted the claims, stating: "Today's announced suit is derivative in nature. It does not seek monetary damages or equitable remedies from Infospace, Inc. We are currently investigating and assessing the claims at issue and preparing our response."
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Just Call Me Angel of the Morning
It's interesting going through the X-MenLaunched in 1963 and written by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the X-Men featured heroes distinctly different from those featured in the pages of DC Comics. Mutants who didn't ask for their powers (and very often didn't want them), these heroes, who constantly fought against humans who didn't want "muties" around, served as metaphors for oppression and racism. Their powerful stories would form this group into one of the most recognizable superhero teams in comics (and a successful series of movies as well). films and, eventually, coming to Deadpool since, really, this film is barely an X-Men movie. Oh, sure, the School for Gifted Youngsters is shown, and versions of a couple of X-Men show up in the film, but Deadpool feels about as off-brand for the series as it can be. That is, of course, by design: despite looking like Slade Wilson's weird cousin, Deadpool was really designed to be the guy that broke all the traditional rules of comics. He has no fourth wall, purposefully addressing the audience while playing merry hell with continuity, panel borders, timelines, and good taste. Say whatever else you want about Rob Liefeld (and I'm sure I have), but Deadpool was his creation and the character is brilliant.
When it came time to make a Deadpool movie, Fox was, understandably, hesitant to make a film featuring the Merc with a Mouth. How would a Deadpool movie even work? Could the character translate to the Hollywood system, and should he? Looking for a way to test the waters for a Deadpool flick, Fox put Wade Wilson into X-Men Origins: Wolverine. As played by Ryan Reynolds even then, the early scenes of Wade Wilson cracking wise and being his mouthy self worked really well. But then the film has to find a way to make him Deadpool and totally destroys the character. And yet, despite this, it wasn't X-Men: Origins that killed future plans for the Merc with a Mouth. Instead, the problem was (a) a long development time for the movie and (b) Green Lantern.
If you haven't seen the 2011 Green Lantern, don't bother; it's garbage. It was such a spectacular failure that not only did it hurt Warner Brother's bottom line (since they produced and released the film) it also spooked Fox into canceling Deadpool. If Reynolds couldn't make that superhero movie work, how could he lead the one Fox was making about a mutant no one knows about? The one person still on board with bringing Deadpool to the big screen, though, was Reynolds, and he fought tooth and nail to get the film made. Test footage was produced for Fox, directed by future Deadpool director Tim Miller, and despite the footage being awesome, Fox still passed on the project. Then, a couple of years later the footage leaked, was met with overwhelming adulation, and Fox was back on board. They even green-lit the R-rated version Miller and Reynolds wanted to make, just with a smaller budget than most superhero movies received.
It's hard to argue with the results, though, Released in February of 2016, Deadpool went on to become the most successful X-Men film up to that point, beating out all the main-line titles to rule the roost. Fox had a bona fide hit on their hands, and going back to watch the film now it's easy to see why it was such a success. Deadpool doesn't just gleefully poke fun at superheroes, it trods all over the conventions of the genre acting like a breath of fresh air in the super-serious series its a part of (and the genre as a whole). It's as close as we'll probably ever get to an superhero anti-film and, because of that, it really works.
Despite what some comic book fans might have wanted, Deadpool does have a plot (I know a couple of friends that were upset it wasn't just the character randomly killing people and quipping for two hours). In the movie we're introduced to Wade Wilson (Reynolds), a one-time soldier-turned mercenary for hire. But he's a mercenary with a heart of gold, killing people that deserve it and refusing to take money from people that can't afford his services. Wise-assed and constantly talking, Wade meets his match in Vanessa (Morena Baccarin), a hooker with a heart of gold that can dish out the quips as quickly as he can. They quickly fall in love and everything seems to be going well until Wade suddenly falls over one day. That's when he learns he has cancer, and it's aggressive. Seeing no other route to healing (since he kind of needs his brain, liver, prostate, and lungs), Wade signs up for a radical therapy that will, supposedly, heal him and turn him into a superhero.
Things are quite what they seem at the clinic, though. The facility is run by Ajax (Ed Skrein), a former soldier healed by the process (which essentially puts the patients under extreme duress until any latent mutant X-gene in their bodies is activated) who's taken over the facility and uses it to make super soldiers (that he then sells to wealthy buyers). The process horribly scars Wade, even if it does heal his cancer and give him Wolverine-like healing abilities. Once Wade breaks free of the facility he has one goal: to get revenge on Ajax (aka Francis). Well, and get back together with his girl. So two goals. Well, and help out a taxi driver he befriends. So three goals. Well...
It's not that I don't understand why some fans of the comics might have been upset by the direction Deadpool takes. This film is very much a love story (in much the way that its sequel, Deadpool 2 was a family movie). It is profane, and hyper-violent, but it also dresses itself up in the trappings of a romantic comedy to tell a different kind of superhero story. People just looking for Wade to wander around and crap all over the X-Men while shoot his mouth (and guns) probably didn't care much for the romance angle (I remember more than a few reviews by Deadpool fans that were displeased), but this is a Hollywood movie so some consideration towards the wider audience was in order.
And honestly I feel like Deadpool purposefully subverts as many of the tropes of Hollywood romantic comedies as it can while still playing in the same sandbox. The two lovers meet and immediately fall into bed. There's no will they/won't they, no tentative steps towards the bedroom. These to land in bed immediately and have a year long montage of sex. Hell, even their meet-cute is them finding each other in a bar before telling profane lies about how awful their upbringing was before going off to play ski-ball. It's as if Fox said, "give this movie a romantic story to pull in the ladies," the writers returned this story, and Fox was too afraid to tell them no for fear of how much worse it could get.
But that's part of the charm of it. Our hero is obviously in on the joke of the movie from day one (and not just because he's commenting, narrator style the whole time while, sometimes, literally talking to the screen). Deadpool is, essentially, Ferris Beuller, just given guns, mutant powers, and even less fucks (a parallel the movie makes explicit with a tag ending poking fun at the end of Ferris Beuller). The movie really is one long series of violent, wacky antics with a running patter to keep us entertained. The romance, then, acts as a glue, a motivator to keep our hero focused on his goal. He has to get healed, somehow, so he doesn't look like an avocado hate-fucked by an older, angrier avocado (a description taken directly from the movie) so he can go back to the girl he loves (who he hasn't seen in close to two years).
Of course, if you don't care all that much about the love story there's all of Wade's wacky antics and constant patter. Fans of Van Wilder already knew Reynolds could do the constant comments and hilarious ad-libs, a skill Hollywood had been trying to put to good use with varying levels of success ever since. Deadpool is the best distillation of Reynold's abilities, the perfect vessel for him to riff to his heart's content. Those times where I saw him in the past and thought, "wow, someone should give this a vehicle, like a Fletch film, where he can sit above the movie while ambling through the story," I was clearly just waiting for this film. He is the driving force of this movie, the reason it exists, why it works as well as it does, or functions at all. Like removing Chevy Chase from Fletch, removing Reynolds from Deadpool would destroy the film. He is Deadpool.
That's not to say the rest of the cast doesn't do well with what they've given. Baccarin's Vanessa is a charismatic treat, while T.J. Miller is amusing as Wade's buddy Weasel (even if T.J. Miller was outed as scum afterwards), and Skrein is decent enough as villain Ajax (Skrein is just not a good actor so "decent" is high praise). But the fact is that Reynolds is the star of the show. Whatever else the movie may want to do -- be a romance, be a superhero villain -- it's really "Ryan Reynolds Presents the Adventures of Ryan Reynolds, Starring Ryan Reynolds". If his shtick works for you then this movie is everything you're going to want it to be. If you don't like the actor, though, then you may as well skip this movie. For everyone else, Deadpool is a hilarious treat, start to finish. It may dress itself up as a superhero adventure, but this is pure, low-brow comedy and it's glorious.
Continuity and Issues:
As we noted back in the original run of X-Men movies, Colossus has been recast here from American actor Daniel Cudmore to Serbian Stefan Kapicic. Plus they make reference to Colossus's wife which, if we're following comic continuity, would be Kitty Pryde. Kitty, of course, was with Iceman in the movie continuity (at least until the timeline rebooted) so lord only knows who is married to Colossus at this point. And I guess the timeline reboot is to blame for Colossus being Serbian now.
Oh, the references to X-Men Origins: Wolverine are rife in this movie. The movie starts with a Deadpool action figure from that crappy movie. Then there's the reference to "sewing your mouth shut." That one was especially funny. Plus, of course, we have the references to non-X-Men Ryan Reynolds projects, most specifically the failed Green Lantern film. He really likes to make fun of that movie, not that it didn't deserve a fair amount of shade thrown at it. That movie is awful.
I suppose we don't even need to track all the other references to prior X-Men Continuity, like the jokes about Patrick Stewart and James McAvoy, and all the cracks at Wolverine and Hugh Jackman. Reynolds really loves making jokes about Jackman.
One thing worth noting is the crashed helicarrier that serves as the final set piece of the film. This came out before Disney bought Fox so there wasn't any expectation of Deadpool getting into the Marvel Cinematic UniverseWhen it first began in 2008 with a little film called Iron Man no one suspected the empire that would follow. Superhero movies in the past, especially those not featuring either Batman or Superman, were usually terrible. And yet, Iron Man would lead to a long series of successful films, launching the most successful cinema brand in history: the Marvel Cinematic Universe., but now I wonder if this helicarrier is actually continuity (or will be once Disney finds a way to merge Mr. Pool into the main series).
Articles about the X-Men
Original Fox Timeline: X-Men Origins: Wolverine (Prev), X-Men (Prev), X2: X-Men United (Prev), X-Men: The Last Stand (Prev), The Wolverine (Prev),
First Class Timeline: X-Men: First Class, X-Men: Days of Future Past (Trailer), X-Men: Apocalypse (Prev), Dark Phoenix, Deadpool, Deadpool 2 (Further Thoughts), The New Mutants, Logan
Fox Tie-in TV Shows: The Gifted (S1 + 2P, S2), Legion (S1 + S2, S3),
See Also: You're Welcome, Fox X-Films Timeline, Spring 2019 Movie Preview, Summer 2020 Movie Preview
Podcasts: (Not So) Live Episode 23, (Not So) Live Episode 34
Articles about Deadpool
Fox Films: X-Men Origins: Wolverine (Prev), Deadpool, Deadpool 2 (Further Thoughts)
Other Films: Hulk Vs.
September 6, 2019: Just Call Me Angel of the Morning
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Friday's Business and Politics round-up
A big night for Britain after it took to the polls – more on that below.
But in other news, EU Member States have reached a climate neutrality agreement – without Poland. Three poorer eastern European countries had demanded more cash for economic transition and support for nuclear power.
Hungary and the Czech Republic eventually signed up to the deal after the EU agreed that nuclear energy would be recognised as a way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Poland remained opposed.
Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said the deal meant the EU could begin drawing up concrete objectives next year based on its plan to go climate neutral by 2050.
Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, whose country depends on coal for 80% of its energy demands, said the negotiations had been “difficult”, adding “Poland will be reaching climate neutrality at its own pace”.
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Boris, Actually
The Conservatives have won an overall majority in the general election, passing the threshold of 326 seats. It gives the party their biggest majority since Margaret Thatcher’s 1987 election win. At the time of writing just two seats are yet to declare.
The Tories have won 363 seats, constituting a majority of 86. Meanwhile, at 201 seats Labour has lost 59 constituencies. It appears the Conservatives have won over the traditional Labour season the north that voted to Leave in 2016.
The results mean Boris Johnson will return to Downing Street as Prime Minister. He said they bestow him a mandate to “get Brexit done” and take Britain out of the EU next month. Johnson himself was re-elected in his Uxbridge constituency with a slightly larger majority than before.
Opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn has confirmed he will not lead Labour into the next general election, after what he described as a “very disappointing night”. Labour’s final results are forecasted to be the party’s worst performance since 1935.
Meanwhile, Lib Dem leader Jo Swinson has narrowly lost her Dunbartonshire East seat by 149 votes to a candidate from the SNP. The Lib Dems are forecasted to win 12 seats, representing no change since the election results of 2017.
SNP has strengthened its hold on Scotland, winning 48 of the 59 Scottish seats in Westminster. Leader Nicola Sturgeon implied the result was a “strong endorsement” of Scotland having a second referendum on independence from the UK.
Responding to the results, IoD Director General Jonathan Geldart said “Business leaders’ thoughts will immediately be turning to Brexit. For directors, ‘Get Brexit Done’ will only have meaning once the details of our long-term future relationship with the EU are clear”.
Jon explained, “On the domestic front, we must now see progress on the challenges that have been holding the economy back, from skills to infrastructure”. He added directors were waiting for clarity on the Tories’ plans for immigration and large-scale infrastructure projects.
The sterling jumped to a 19-month high overnight, up 2.3% at $1.347 against the dollar. For full election results, you can refer to the BBC’s coverage here.
Trade War and Peace
The US is on the cusp of slashing tariffs on Chinese imports after it reaches a deal in principle on resolving a 19-month trade war with Beijing. Yesterday President Trump tweeted the US was getting close to reaching an agreement with China, adding “They want it, and so do we!”
The US is offering to cut by up to half the import tariffs it has slapped on $360 billion on Chinese goods since the trade war kicked off and to cancel a fresh round of levies that were due to be put in place as of Sunday.
In exchange, Beijing would purchase more US agricultural products, open its financial services sector to the American market and enhance intellectual property protections for US companies. The US will reportedly reinstate full tariffs if China doesn’t meet the commitments.
Frank Samolis, trade lawyer at Squire Patton Boggs, commented “Anything which reduces US-China trade frictions while expanding US market access in China is to be applauded” but added “a long-term vision and strategy” for dealing with China would be needed for the long term.
A spokesman for the Chinese government said “The two sides’ economic and trade teams are maintaining close communication”. Markets around the world reacted positively to the news.
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Topical Issue Debate
Waste Disposal Charges
Aindrias Moynihan (Cork North West, Fianna Fail)
Earlier this summer, in response to widespread concern about the way the domestic pay-by-weight system was being introduced, Fianna Fáil called on the Minister to implement a transition period for the system to ensure householders were fully informed and were able to plan financially for the expected charges. One of the key features of the agreement that was put together in June of this year was that the prices being paid by customers would be frozen for 12 months on the basis of their current plans. It was also agreed that no later than 1 January 2017, customers would receive dual pricing bills listing the amounts of waste they are disposing of and, for comparative purposes, details of how much they are paying under their current plans and how much they will pay under the pay-by-weight system. The aim of this approach was to provide clarity for customers and to enable them to make more informed choices. However, what we are seeing on the ground is very different.
Residents of areas I represent, including Farran, Ovens and Killumney, have seen their bills increasing since September, when the local waste collection company, Wiser, introduced a charge on refuse weighing more than 30 kg. This is happening even though the new legislation in this area is not due to come in until next year. These customers have not received dual-pricing bills and therefore have been unable to make comparisons. They have merely been given advice on how to reduce the weight of the refuse they are leaving out for collection and some information on the charges they must pay. This is how they were told about the new arbitrary figure of 30 kg. These customers never expected such a situation to apply in light of the agreement that was reached earlier this year. It is not acceptable that this company, under the guise of a fair usage policy, is flouting the agreement so soon after it was announced by the Minister, Deputy Coveney.
When the Minister outlined his plans for introducing a pay-by-weight system, he said it was being done "in a way that builds acceptance and understanding of the benefits of Pay-by-Weight over time". The customers in my constituency were given no time to make decisions on how they would like to pay their future bills. The Minister assured us that "the operation of the price freeze by the industry will be closely monitored by Government and, in the event of evidence of it not being honoured, [he] will ensure that primary legislation is brought forward to legislate to enforce the freeze". What powers does the Minister have to enforce this agreement, given that companies like Wiser appear to be flouting it? If he does not have those powers, does he have plans to bring such powers about?
Tá costaisí breise á ngearradh ar theaghlaigh thart ar An Fearann, Cill na hOmnaí, Na hUamhanna agus áiteanna eile. Is cosúil go bhfuil an chomhlacht atá ag bailiú an bruscar tar éis an córas nua íoc-de-réir-meáchain a chur i bhfeidhm go luath, in ainneoin an tsocraithe a rinne an Rialtas chun an córas seo a chur siar go dtí an bhliain seo chugainn. People who live outside the larger population centres are suffering the most because they do not have separate bins for their food and biodegradable waste. They are forced to put such waste in their general waste bins and are consequently charged at the general waste rate. This contradicts the Government's policy of attempting to meet targets for food segregation and biodegradable waste. Customers should be given the opportunity to divert waste from landfill. If waste providers are breaking the agreement that was drawn up earlier this year, they must be held accountable. I understand the Minister is meeting the various groups. What enforcement measures will be taken against waste companies that are flouting the agreement and dumping on householders?
Seán Kyne (Galway West, Fine Gael)
I thank Deputy Moynihan for raising this issue, to which I am responding on behalf of the Minister, Deputy Naughten. The charges applied by waste management companies are matters for those companies and their customers, subject to compliance with all applicable environmental and other relevant legislation, including contract and consumer legislation. The mandatory pay-by-weight per kilogramme charging structure for household waste collection was due to be introduced in mid-2016. As the waste industry began releasing its proposed pay-by-weight prices in June 2016, the Government relayed to the industry its concern about the reported escalation of waste bills for customers of certain companies. As a result, on 30 June last regulations were signed to remove the requirement for a mandatory pay-by-weight charging structure. A review of the pricing structures used for the collection of household waste, with a focus on encouraging households to prevent, separate and recycle waste and reduce residual waste going to landfill, is due to be completed by July 2017.
My understanding of the case raised by Deputy Moynihan is that a collector has identified that a small percentage of customers consistently and repeatedly present extremely heavy residual waste bins, in some cases weighing over 120 kg. The presentation of this amount of waste for collection presents risks on a number of fronts, most significantly in terms of the health and safety of the staff collecting the bins. If every household presented such large volumes of waste, the capacity of collectors to deal with the material would be called into question. Our capacity to manage and treat the waste we produce has been called into sharp focus this year. A serious problem with regard to waste operators' access to outlets for the disposal of residual waste has been encountered in 2016. This issue will be further compounded if our society does not seek to change its behaviour in terms of the amount of waste it generates. I understand that heavy users will not be charged on a pay-by-weight basis if they present less than 30 kg of residual waste per fortnight - this is an allowance of over three quarters of a tonne per annum - or less than 22 kg of recyclable waste per fortnight - this an allowance of well over half a tonne per annum.
I am informed that the collector is in the process of rolling out food waste bins. This will give householders an opportunity to further reduce the waste going into their residual bins. Measures that incentivise a change in behaviour, especially by encouraging a reduction in the generation of waste and particularly residual waste, will not only lessen our impact on the environment but will also help to ensure we have the capacity and capability to manage our waste appropriately today and into the future. If householders are not happy with the service they are receiving, it is open to them to take their custom elsewhere if they believe they can obtain better value with a rival collector. I appreciate that this is not always possible in rural areas where there may be just one provider. The more serious issue here, and the reason the changes that were intended to come into force in July of this year were originally mooted, is the ongoing concern about capacity in landfill facilities. I am sure no politician in this House would like to have to attend a public meeting to make the case for new landfills around this country to deal with a growing waste problem as our economy and our population grows.
I put it to the Minister of State that enforcement is needed. Waste companies are either charging under the pay-by-weight system or they are not. It is a black and white matter. It is clear that waste companies are charging by the kilogramme even though they are not supposed to do so until next year. I suggest the Government needs to take action in this respect. The Minister of State referred to bins "weighing over 120 kg". We are not talking about massive loads in the order of 120 kg. We are talking about those customers who are described by providers as average customers with bins weighing 30 kg. They are being charged for weights in excess of that average. Half of the customers are going to be over the average without coming anywhere near an unreasonable weight like 120 kg. Many of those who have weights in excess of 30 kg will have weights of less than 40 kg. No credit towards the average is given for occasions when bins are not put out.
I am pleased that providers will be coming forward with an additional bin. That needs to happen sooner rather than later. There is no dual billing in place, but there is weighing. People are being charged for weights in excess of 30 kg. They are not huge bins by any stretch of the imagination. What kind of enforcement does the Government intend to put in place in respect of this form of charging? I understand that there will be a meeting. An issue arose in June and July because of the uncertainty and confusion that was being felt by customers.
They felt they had breathing space until next year. It is only adding further to the confusion to think that some are allowed to charge and others are not, and that confusion needs to be cleared up. They are not supposed to be charging. The Government is supposed to be introducing legislation and dealing with it.
As I have stated, my Department is reviewing how we can best encourage households to segregate and recycle their waste by using appropriate charging structures. In terms of our impact on the environment and our potential to exploit the value of the waste that we cannot avoid producing, particular pricing mechanisms have been shown to be very effective in terms of changing our behaviour. My understanding is that per-kilogramme pay-by-weight is not being introduced in the Cork area. I have been informed that a small number of customers who produce consistently high levels of waste are being offered an opportunity to bring their waste-----
I have one example where it is 30 kg.
I will be happy to bring that example to the attention of the Minister if the Deputy will provide the information. As I said, I have been informed that a small number of customers who produce consistently high levels of waste are being offered an opportunity to bring their waste presentation more in line with average figures in an effort to reduce the health and safety issues associated with collecting excessively heavy bins, to reduce the amount of waste being produced and to reduce the amount of waste placed in the residual bin through the provision of food waste bins.
I acknowledge this is something that needs to be rolled out in many different areas. The whole purpose of this process has been to reduce the amount of waste entering landfill. As our population grows, that will be more of a problem. The idea of encouraging recycling and composting was to reduce the amount of weight in the bins and, therefore, reduce the cost. As I said, there are serious capacity problems in landfills throughout the country and serious issues that we have to tackle. That is what this measure is about. If the Deputy provides me with examples, I will ensure the Minister responds to him.
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Storm leaves beautiful snowy scenes in its massive wake
School bus drivers across Washington laid off as districts adopt remote learning in pandemic
The shift to remote learning due to the coronavirus pandemic has reduced the need for transportation and bus drivers in Washington.
Author: Eric Wilkinson
EDMONDS, Wash. — School buses sit parked and empty at the Edmonds School District transportation headquarters, and they'll stay that way for the foreseeable future.
Because of the shift to remote learning due to ongoing coronavirus pandemic, 175 of the district's school bus drivers are now out of work, and no one has any idea when they might return.
Todd Burt has been a driver for 12 years and loves his job.
"You're the first one to see the kids in the morning. You start their day. It's fun," he says. "You're last at the end of the day to see them before they go home. You're there for them."
The district announced the layoffs in an email over the weekend.
The same scenario is expected to play out in school districts all across the state.
With most students only participating in remote learning this fall, they will not need to be bused.
Burt, a father of three, had to break the news he had been dreading to his wife.
"The uncertainty just really sank in at that point," he said. "You start going through all kinds of wild things in your head. Can we pay our bills? Can we pay the mortgage?"
Many districts kept drivers on the payroll through the summer, making deliveries of meals and technology for families that needed them.
But both of those are being severely cut back this fall.
"We just don't have students to transport so we don't have work for our amazing bus drivers," said Edmonds district spokeswoman Harmony Weinberg. "They are dedicated to their work. They transport children every day. It's a special job for those with a real heart for students. This is heartbreaking."
With a very uncertain future ahead of him, Burt simply tries to stay positive and think of the day he'll be able to see all those kids again.
"It's one day at a time," he said. "You just try to think of the good things and not the bad."
District leaders in Edmonds say they plan to reassess the transportation plan at the end of each semester to determine when and if drivers will be able to return to their routes.
RELATED: In-person or remote learning in fall? Check this list for western Washington school districts
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How experts assessed the strength of the tornado that formed in Kitsap County
The EF Scale will be used to issue a rating of the tornado that touched down in Port Orchard on Tuesday afternoon.
Author: Jordan Wilkerson, Kipp Robertson
Published: 7:39 AM PST December 19, 2018
Updated: 3:32 PM PST December 19, 2018
A team with the National Weather Service traveled to Port Orchard to evaluate the damage from the tornado that formed Tuesday afternoon.
The team assessed the path of the tornado, the width of damage, and spoke with witnesses, among other things.
The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale) is used to issue a tornado rating based on estimated wind speeds and damage. The NWS looks at the path, width, duration, witness photos/videos, and past radar to come up with an overall rating.
RELATED: Port Orchard tornado rated as an EF-2 in preliminary report
The NWS is the only federal agency with authority to provide official EF Scale ratings.
The EF Scale was revised in 2007 from the original Fujita Scale. There were several weaknesses with the original scale. The new scale takes into account how most structures are designed, instead of simply taking into account damage done.
The wind speed ranges from 65 mph (EF0) to over 200 mph (EF5).
The tornado that swept through Port Orchard Tuesday was rated as an EF-2 with wind speeds reaching between 120-130 mph, according to a preliminary damage report.
The EF Scale is different than the Saffir-Simpson Scale used to categorize hurricanes. The wind speeds are used to determine the magnitude of the tornado (not necessarily the overall rating).
RELATED: WATCH: Drone footage of tornado damage in Kitsap County
According to NOAA, there have been two tornadoes in Kitsap County: Tuesday's and one in 1991 that struck Tracyton, pelting the area with record-setting hail. The agency reported that there have been 122 tornadoes in Washington state since 1950, not including Tuesday's.
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Bora Bora, French Polynesia
Located 1,700 kilometers away from Sydney, Norfolk Island is a favourite Aussie holiday getaway with its incredible natural beauty, scenic vistas and interesting cultural landmarks. Norfolk Island used to be a penal colony for the British in the 18th to 19th centuries and today is transformed into a popular holiday spot because… read more
Located 1,700 kilometers away from Sydney, Norfolk Island is a favourite Aussie holiday getaway with its incredible natural beauty, scenic vistas and interesting cultural landmarks. Norfolk Island used to be a penal colony for the British in the 18th to 19th centuries and today is transformed into a popular holiday spot because of its spectacular beauty. Norfolk Island is the largest among three islands rising from the South Pacific several hundreds of miles away from the nearest landmass. The island is mostly covered by lush national parks and wildlife reserves where you can go bird watching and see rare species. The mild sub-tropical climate in the island also makes it an ideal destination for activities such as hiking, bushwalking, scuba diving, fishing and snorkeling. The island is also known for its duty free shops. Come and visit Norfolk Island for a relaxing getaway literally away from it all. Enquire now about our Norfolk Island travel deals. show less
Your holiday results for Norfolk Island
Australia & NZ (Norfolk Island)
Norfolk Island will fascinate with its rich history, beautiful environment and friendly locals who are always…
Breathtaking scenery and a unique culture with an intriguing past combine to make Norfolk Island.
Norfolk Island reef
Defined by its colourful past, Norfolk Island's pine trees and jagged cliffs offers so much more.
Enjoy Ocean Breeze Cottages and take in the stunning ocean views!
Kingscote SA 5223
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Peters, DeMaio Headed For November Showdown in San Diego’s 52nd Congressional District
By Claire Trageser
Photo by Angela Carone
Republican congressional candidate Carl DeMaio celebrates at the U.S. Grant Hotel, June 3, 2014. He will face Democratic Rep. Scott Peters in the November election. Both are former San Diego city councilmen.
We're sorry. This audio clip is no longer available.
As expected, incumbent Congressman Scott Peters, a Democrat, and former San Diego Councilman Carl DeMaio, a Republican, are headed for a November showdown in the the 52nd Congressional District race.
Peters held a six- to seven-point lead over DeMaio throughout election night.
Businessman Kirk Jorgensen and surgeon Dr. Fred Simon Jr., both Republicans, were a distant third and fourth.
Tweets from https://twitter.com/TBMento/lists/kpbs-news-election-night
Tweets from KPBS News reporters and editors covering the primary election, June 3, 2014.
Aired 6/4/14
DeMaio told supporters at the US Grant hotel downtown that he's calling on the Republican party to be more inclusive.
"San Diegans want the Republican Party in particular to return to its traditional roots in favor of personal freedoms in all aspects of our lives," he said.
He said to change the country, "we must first change our party."
"Stop being the party of 'no,' you've gotta have some really good solutions somewhere, put them out there, fight for them, articulate and try to build consensus to get those ideas implemented with 'yes' votes," he said.
Gearing up for his contest against DeMaio, Peters said the Republican is trying to "reinvent himself." He said he's focused on the coming race leading up to November.
"We'll talk about two things, one is my record of bringing people together in bipartisanship, really a San Diego-focus, to the district, which is built around innovation, military, veterans, clean energy and the environment and bringing real resources to San Diego," Peters said.
He said he and the other San Diego congressional representatives brought $350 million to the region "by working together here."
"And then we'll have to explain to people Mr. DeMaio's record, which he's trying to remake," Peters said. "He really has a Tea Party extremist record."
DeMaio, who is openly gay and hugged his partner Johnathan Hale before his speech, said his party needs to stop trying to legislate social issues.
"Some in the national media believe my candidacy is unique because of who I love and who I share my life with; I say my candidacy is unique because I get things done in government," he said.
Photo credit: Milan Kovacevic
Incumbent Congressman Scott Peters speaks at the Athens Market Taverna in San Diego on election night, June 3, 2014.
Political analyst Thad Kousser told KPBS News that Peters and DeMaio are going to spend millions on campaigning as they go forward. "We're going to be sick of their television commercials by November," Kousser said.
Peters and DeMaio were the frontrunners expected to advance in the high-profile race for the 52nd. The district is just one of seven congressional seats in the nation this year rated a "pure toss up" by the nonpartisan Rothenberg Political Report.
Part of the reason is because the district's voter registration is split: 33.8 percent are Republicans, 32.3 percent are Democrats and 28.7 percent are independent. Peters won the seat from incumbent Republican Congressman Brian Bilbray in 2012 by only 7,000 or so votes.
The district runs north from Coronado to La Jolla, and then east to include Carmel Valley, Scripps Ranch, Poway and Rancho Bernardo. It's 69 percent white and 20 percent Asian, and 56 percent of district residents have a bachelor's degree, according to 2011 Census data.
Because the race is one of the few nail biters in this year's midterm congressional elections, it's attracting a lot of money and attention. Three of the four candidates have so far raised more than $1 million: Peters has $1,847,775; DeMaio has $1,608,926; and Simon has $1,382,008, although $1,353,000 is money Simon loaned himself. Jorgensen has $277,696.
Special Feature Current Election Coverage
View complete election coverage from KPBS News.
San Diego Mesa College politics professor Carl Luna said as the race heads to November, even more money, including spending from outside political action committees, will pour in.
"This is getting national attention. The Koch brothers have been putting money in through their Super PAC. The National Democratic Committee is putting money in," Luna said. "When you only have a half dozen or so really competitive races, it's going to attract attention, and it's kind of a signpost for (whether) Republicans stay competitive in a shifting California."
La Jolla resident Peters, 55, worked as an environmental lawyer and then served on the San Diego City Council from 2000 to 2008. He then became a commissioner at the Port of San Diego and was elected to Congress in 2012.
He serves on the Armed Services and Science, Space, & Technology committees in the House.
Peters said he's focused his work in Congress on things that help San Diego.
"So part of that is supporting the innovation economy and the job creation there, part of it is clean technology and the third part is veterans," he told KPBS.
Rancho Bernardo resident DeMaio, 39, ran The Performance Institute and the American Strategic Management Institute, for-profit businesses that train government workers and corporate leaders on efficiency and financial practices. He was elected to San Diego's City Council in 2008.
In 2012, DeMaio ran for mayor but lost to then-Congressman Bob Filner by 5 percentage points. Less than a year later, Filner resigned as mayor over sexual harassment allegations.
His campaign is focusing on fiscal discipline, including his "Fix Congress First" plan, which would require all legislative language be posted online for 72 hours before a vote, eliminate the congressional pension program and take away congressional salaries if a budget isn't passed.
DeMaio also calls himself a "New Generation Republican" who wants the GOP to focus on fiscal, not social, conservatism. DeMaio is gay and made an online campaign ad that shows him and his partner, Johnathan Hale, holding hands and marching in a gay pride parade.
Black Mountain Ranch resident Jorgensen, 43, focused his campaign on repealing Obama's health care law, simplifying the tax code to make sure "American corporate tax rates encourage job creation and allow us to compete in the global marketplace" and protecting the Second Amendment.
Coronado resident Simon, 61, focused his campaign on education and health care. He wants to limit federal expansion into the education system, create more vocational schools to provide job training and opposes Obama's health care law.
Claire Trageser
As a member of the KPBS investigative team, my job is to hold the powerful in San Diego County accountable. I've done in-depth investigations on political campaigns, police officer misconduct and neighborhood quality of life issues.
San Diego Rep. Scott Peters’ GOP Foe Trails Badly In Early Fundraising
Marine Veteran Atkinson To Run Against Peters For 52nd Congressional District Seat
It's Apparently Not Too Soon For 2016 Election Season In San Diego
DeMaio Concedes 52nd Congressional District Race
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Klein, Rahal Sign with AWR For 2005
FAIRFIELD, N.J., Nov. 10 - Andersen Walko Racing (AWR) is pleased to announce that it will campaign Jonathan Klein of Long Grove, Ill. and Graham Rahal of New Albany, Ohio in the Star Mazda series presented by Goodyear in 2005.
The powerhouse team, which won the Formula Ford Zetec team championship in 2004, also hopes to announce the names of two additional drivers soon to round out a four-car Star Mazda line-up for the team in 2005.
Klein, 17, will return to both Andersen Walko Racing and the Star Mazda series for a second year. He won the series' Most Improved Driver award for 2004.
Rahal will turn 16 on Jan. 4. He finished seventh in the Formula BMW series this year, and will be a rookie in Star Mazda in 2005. He is especially looking forward to being part of a multi-car team in the very competitive series.
"Jonathan did a great job in Star Mazda this year, and impressed a lot of people," team co-owner John Walko said. "Graham is very mature for his age too, and is also pleasant to work with. He did a few laps in our car last week at BeaveRun [Motorsports Complex near Pittsburgh] and did a really good job."
"We're very pleased that Jonathan has signed up to run with us again and we're also pleased that Bobby [Rahal] has chosen us to run his son in Star Mazda," added his partner, Dan Andersen. "They're both very focused, and we're all looking forward to the new season very much."
"After this year and the results we had and the experience we gained with both the car and the series, we're really looking forward to 2005," Klein said. "By concentrating on Star Mazda, everyone will be more focused. I'm looking forward to working with John Walko, Dan Andersen and everyone else on the team; they're all great people and they're all very knowledgeable. We're looking forward to building on what we learned this season during testing in the off-season and all of 2005. We'll learn a lot and have a great time on and off the track, and I'm really looking forward to it!"
"I watched Andersen Walko in the Zetec series this year, and they always run up front," said Rahal, a sophomore at New Albany High School "I've also known Jonathan Klein for awhile, through go-karts. Andersen Walko runs a nice operation, and I see no reason at all for us not to be contenders in 2005."
The team has a busy off-season testing schedule planned, including a session at BeaveRun next week. Its complete testing schedule can be found on its Web site at www.andersenwalko.com. Additional information can be found at www.starmazda.com, www.americanlemans.com, www.speedtv.com and www.restartcommunications.com, or by calling (973) 244-1900.
The team's office is in Fairfield, N.J. and its shop is in North Versailles, Pa. It will field multiple cars in Star Mazda and SCCA national and club events next year.
AWR's Klein Is Star Mazda's Most Improved Driver for 2004
MONTEREY, Calif., Oct. 20 - Andersen Walko Racing (AWR) had a good showing but mixed results in the Star Mazda series' season finale last Saturday at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca. The highlight of the weekend came after the race when one of its drivers, Jonathan Klein, walked away with the series' "Most Improved Driver" award for 2004.
Klein, of Long Grove, Ill., had the best finish of the two AWR drivers at Laguna. He placed sixth in the event, which was presented by Goodyear.
His teammate would rather remember qualifying. Robbie Pecorari of Aston, Pa. qualified fourth, only seven-tenths of a second off the pole. Another competitor hit him from behind in turn one at the start of the 28-lap/45-minute race, however. The contact broke Pecorari's car's left-rear suspension and he had to drop out, ending up 38th in the final rundown.
Klein's day went the other way. Before he finished sixth he qualified 15th in the very competitive, 40-car field. His best lap in quals took just 1.4 seconds longer than polewinner Michael McDowell's did in getting around the challenging, 2.238-mile road course.
Luis Schiavo, last year's champion, won the race over this year's champion, McDowell. Brian Frisselle, Scott Jenkins and Daniel Di Leo rounded out the top five. The race was part of the Audi Sports Car Championships and was a support event to the American Le Mans Series headliner.
"We really believe Robbie had a shot to win the race, and barring unforeseen difficulties would have at least had a podium finish," noted team co-owner Dan Andersen. "Jono had his usual great start, picking up several positions. He then drove a great race, making good passes on [Raphael] Matos and getting by [Nick] Steele despite being held up for awhile."
Klein was driving the No. 97 AWR entry sponsored by Kalfact Plastics; Fettes, Love and Sieben; Nexus Distribution Corp.; Midwest Steel & Services; Ironclad and ProStar.
Pecorari was in the No. 98 AWR car, which was sponsored by SAI Hydraulics.
In the two practice sessions Friday Klein was 21st and third and Pecorari was eighth and fifth. In the three sessions on Thursday, the optional promoter's test day, Klein was 11th, 19th and 12th while Pecorari was 14th, 15th and 10th.
"We will have to work on our qualifying set-ups over the winter; we're great with our race set-ups though," Klein noted afterwards. "We started 15th, and for a good portion of the race we had the fastest lap. I gained nine positions and got up to sixth; I had the quickest car for many laps. That's as far as I got though, because the track really started to fall off at the end. "
"We seemed to have good cars in the afternoons, but we didn't get too many good times laid down in the morning [practice] sessions," he pointed out. "But my car was great in the race. Eric [Langbein] and Scott [Gates] did a fantastic job all year. I think towards the end of the year they were the two best crewmembers in the paddock. John Walko always has good advice to offer, and I want to thank him and Dan Andersen for giving me the opportunity to drive for their team this year. I was just going to do Barber Dodge nationals this year, but Paul Dana told me to check this team out. I did, and it was love at first sight with the team and me. I don't want to go to any other team and I don't even have any second thoughts about that; I'm really looking forward to next year with Andersen Walko."
Andersen Walko Racing will focus on the Star Mazda series next year in addition to fielding cars in SCCA Club Racing events. The team also won the 2004 Formula Ford Zetec team championship this year.
AWR will begin an extensive off-season testing program next month in preparation for the 2005 Star Mazda season opener. That event will be on March 18 as part of the 12 Hours of Sebring program in Sebring, Fla.
"I finished the season 15th in points, but without us missing the first race and having some problems in two other events, I would have had a healthy fifth," Klein said. "I'm extremely excited about next year. I am hoping that Robbie and I can run together as Andersen Walko teammates in Star Mazda next year; we work well together. Our team will head into the winter with an open mind, looking to learn as much as we can and have fun while we do it. We want to go into 2005 as prepared as possible. We have our work cut out for us, but I truly believe we can run for the championship next year. I'm extremely excited!"
The Laguna Seca race will be televised on SPEED at 2 p.m. Eastern time on Sunday, Oct. 31. The Oct. 2 race from Phoenix will be broadcast on the same network at 11:30 p.m. Oct. 23. AWR's office is in Fairfield, N.J. and its shop is in North Versailles, Pa.
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Virtual office in Ringvagen 100
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The Ringvagen 100 centre is located at the heart of the central Stockholm district of Södermalm in a building with marvellous cityscape views. It is situated on the ninth floor of an office development that boasts a fantastic modern aspect, including an eye-catching glass entrance and atrium. Cityscape sights include the iconic Globe sports and music venue and the beautiful waters of the Årstaviken bay, while the centre's strategic position next to major roads and close to an underground train station gives good access to all parts of the city. The centre benefits from modern heating and cooling systems, ground-floor eating facilities and a parking garage adjacent to the property. Stockholm metropolitan area is home to a fifth of Sweden's population and its economy is dominated by the services and high technology sectors. The city is also Sweden's financial centre so major banks and insurance companies are headquarted here.
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ISRAEL Top 10
Jerusalem, the City of Greater King
The Village of Capernaum
The Jesus Trail and Gospel Trail
Tabgha, the site of multiplication
Nazareth, the city of Jesus parents
Qasr el Yahud, the Baptism Site in Jordan River
St. George’s Monastery
Bethlehem of Judah
Jerusalem Top 10
Dominus Flevit Chapel
Zedekiah’s Cave
The Tower of David and Jerusalem Museum
The City of David and Zion Fortress
Mount Moriah or the Temple Mount in Jerusalem
The Western Wall or Wailing Wall in Jerusalem
Coastal Plain
Shefelah
Desert of Judea
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Holy Land Map
Ashkelon National Park
The ancient Ashkelon was a important philistine city in the coast of Canaan and the border of Judah Kingdom
August 3, 2016 January 10, 2017 Coastal Plain, JudeaAshkelon, Ashkelon National Park, Coast, National, National Park, Philistines, Plain
The oldest arched city gate in the world is in the Ashkelon National Park, located in the heart of the Old City (of Ashkelon).
Surrounded by beauty and lush lawns, this site is by the seaside and bordered by an ancient dike that was built by the Canaanites to guard against raiders. It is believed that the arched gate dates back to 1,850 BCE.
There are other ruins found in the park that include a Roman basilica and city hall dating back to the time of Herod.
Ashkelon was an important and large seaport of ancient Canaan, one of the cities of Philistia. The name, possibly related to be from the ancient Hebrew root šql, “to weigh,” and could be refer to the city’s economic role.
Ashkelon is located on the southern coast of Israel, in a strategic position along the coastal highway, the Via Maris. Today, the ancient ruins are part of Ashkelon National Park, distance of 16 km north of Gaza, 64 km south to Tel Aviv.
Inhabited since at least 3000 BC, Ashkelon was under Canaanites until 1270 BC, after it was under Philistines rule, Phoenicians, Jews, Greeks, Romans, Byzantine Christians, Muslims, and Crusaders.
In the Bible Ashkelon is listed as one of the five major Philistine cities, the Philistine Pentapolis (Josh. 13:3; 1 Sam. 6:17). According to Judg. 1:18 Judah took but could not hold Ashkelon. At Ashkelon Samson killed and stripped the corpses of 30 men in order to make good on a wager (Judg. 14:12, 19). In his elegy for Absalom and Saul David refers to Ashkelon (2 Sam. 1:20). The majority of biblical references to Ashkelon are in prophetic oracles against Philistia (e.g., Jer. 25:20).
The Philistine era in Ashkelon began in the early 12th century. Nearly 600 years later, in 604, it ended when the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar conquered the city and took its elite into exile (Jer. 47:5); 20 years later a similar fate befell Jerusalem.
For centuries pilgrims, adventurers, and archaeologists have visited, plundered, and studied Ashkelon, where Roman columns and Fatimid ramparts still stand. Among the finds of the current excavation, led by Lawrence E. Stager, is a small silver-plated statue of a bull calf, dating from the 16th century. This physical evidence for the use of bovine iconography in Canaanite religion sheds light on the background of a number of biblical passages which mention the cultic use of bull or calf images (Exod. 32; 1 Kgs. 12:28; Hos. 8:5).
Throughout its history, Ashkelon’s status as the major port of the southern Palestinian coast lent the city a cosmopolitan and diverse character. Ashkelon was famous in antiquity for its sweet onions; the word “scallion” comes from the Latin name of the city.
“ASHKELON,” Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, 113-114.
Ashkelon ask′ke-lon (AV Eshkalon, esh′ka-lon (Eshkalonites; Josh 13:3); Askelon, as′kĕ-lon (Jgs 1:18; 1 Sa 6:17; 2 Sa 1:20); אַשְׁקְלוֹן; modern Askelan): A maritime town between Jaffa and Gaza, one of the five chief cities of the Philistines. The Ashkelonites are mentioned by Joshua (Josh 13:3), and the city was taken by the tribe of Judah (Jgs 1:18). One of the golden tumors (AV “emerods”) sent back with the ark by the Philistines was from Ashkelon (1 Sa 6:17). David couples Ashkelon with Gath in his lament over Saul and Jonathan (2 Sa 1:20) indicating its importance, and it is joined with Gaza, Ashdod and Ekron in the denunciations of Amos (1:7,8). It is referred to in a similar way by Jeremiah (Jer 25:20; 47:5,7). Zephaniah (2:4,7) speaks of the desolation of Ashkelon and Zechariah announces the fear of Ashkelon on the destruction of Tyre (9:5). The city is mentioned in the Tell el-Amarna Letters, and a certain Yitia is referred to as king. It revolted against Rameses II and was subdued, and we have mention of it as being under the rule of Assyria. Tiglath-pileser III names it among his tributaries, and its king, Mitinti, is said to have lost his reason when he heard of the fall of Damascus in 732 BC. It revolted in the reign of Sennacherib and was punished, and remained tributary to Assyria until the decay of that power. In Maccabean times we learn of its capture by Jonathan (1 Macc 10:86; 11:60, RV “Ascalon”). Herod the Great was born there (BJ, III, ii, 1 ff). In the 4th century AD it was the seat of a bishopric. It became subject to the Moslems in the 7th century and was taken by the Crusaders. It was taken in 1187 by Saladin, who dismantled it in 1191 to make it useless to Richard of England, into whose hands it was expected to fall. Richard restored it the next year but it was again destroyed by Saladin. It was an important fortress because of its vicinity to the trade route between Syria and Egypt.
“Ashkelon,” ISBE, paragraph 5093.
Ashkelon and the Ark
“And the men did so; and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home: And they laid the ark of the LORD upon the cart, and the coffer with the mice of gold and the images of their emerods. And the kine took the straight way to the way of Bethshemesh, and went along the highway, lowing as they went, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went after them unto the border of Bethshemesh. And they of Bethshemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley: and they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it. And the cart came into the field of Joshua, a Bethshemite, and stood there, where there was a great stone: and they clave the wood of the cart, and offered the kine a burnt offering unto the LORD. And the Levites took down the ark of the LORD, and the coffer that was with it, wherein the jewels of gold were, and put them on the great stone: and the men of Bethshemesh offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices the same day unto the LORD. And when the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they returned to Ekron the same day. And these are the golden emerods which the Philistines returned for a trespass offering unto the LORD; for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Askelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one; And the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fenced cities, and of country villages, even unto the great stone of Abel, whereon they set down the ark of the LORD: which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of Joshua, the Bethshemite.”
1 Samuel 6:10–18 KJV
Prophecy about Ashkelon
Thus says the LORD: “For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they carried into exile a whole people to deliver them up to Edom. So I will send a fire upon the wall of Gaza, and it shall devour her strongholds.
I will cut off the inhabitants from Ashdod, and him who holds the scepter from Ashkelon; I will turn my hand against Ekron, and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, says the Lord GOD.
Thus says the LORD: “For three transgressions of Tyre, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they delivered up a whole people to Edom, and did not remember the covenant of brotherhood. So I will send a fire upon the wall of Tyre, and it shall devour her strongholds.
Amos 1:6–10 ESV
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The needle on this year's Perseid meteor shower is expected to hit "awesome" with the peak happening this weekend. Unlike last year when the moon's spotlight dimmed views of shooting meteors, the moon will be a no-show just in time for a dazzling display on a black velvet-like sky.
Scientists are predicting 70 to 90 meteors per hour at the peak early Sunday and Monday.
"This year is just real good all night to watch the Perseids," said Bob Bonadurer, director of the Milwaukee Public Museum's Daniel M. Soref National Geographic Dome Theater & Planetarium. "This is the first time in a few years the Perseid meteor shower coincides with a new moon" when the night sky is darkest.
While meteors can be seen almost any night for anyone patient enough to look upward for a long time, the Perseids are considered the most popular meteor shower of the year because they happen in the Northern Hemisphere in the summer, when folks don't mind sitting on a blanket or lawn chair outside for an hour or two.
The best time in Wisconsin to see the Perseid meteor shower will be around 3 a.m. Monday, which will allow meteor-gazers a couple of hours to ogle pinballs of light before dawn.
They also can be seen the night of Saturday/Sunday when the thin crescent moon sets quickly after the sun.
The weekend forecast in southeastern Wisconsin is perfect for Perseids viewing – mostly clear skies and overnight temperatures in the 60s, according to the National Weather Service.
Bonadurer recommends early morning viewing because as the sun rises, you'll face the direction the Earth is moving in orbit. He compares it to looking through Earth's front window as a car barrels down a highway. Meteors are like bugs splatting against the windshield as the planet moves head-on through the meteoroid debris.
RELATED:Where should you watch the Perseid Meteor Shower? The Milwaukee Astronomical Society's observatory director has a few ideas
Every August, Earth passes through the trail of debris of Comet Swift-Tuttle and the sand- or pebble-sized dust traveling 37 miles per second falls toward this pale blue marble. When they transform into fireballs or streaking dots in the sky, they're actually pretty close to Earth, said Bonadurer.
"Generally people think of space happening far, far away. But most meteors are burning up only 50 to 70 miles above you. That's a one-hour car ride straight up," Bonadurer said.
The meteors earned their name because they appear to come from the constellation Perseus, the god in Greek mythology who saved Andromeda from a sea monster and beheaded the Gorgon Medusa.
Bonadurer suggests going somewhere away from lights, like a county or state park, with a blanket or lawn chair, snacks and bug spray. If you're watching in a group, assign everyone a quadrant of the sky to count the number of meteors since it's impossible for one person to see all of them.
No need to bring a telescope or binoculars, meteors are best seen by the naked eye. However, this month the four brightest planets can be seen at the same time, a fairly rare occurrence, and a telescope might be useful. Seen in order from west to east in the night sky during August: Venus, Jupiter, Saturn and Mars.
And for those who just can't get up that early, or stay awake that late, and figure they'll catch the Perseids next year – forget it. The full moon in August 2019 will occur on the 15th and the bright night sky will make it difficult to see meteors.
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Bat Mitzvah - Batmitzvah
When a Jewish girl reaches the age of 12 years, which according to Judaism is the age of maturity, she becomes responsible for herself under Jewish law. At this point in her life she becomes Bat Mitzvah ("daughter of the commandment").
Before Bat Mitzvah, all responsibility for the girl's actions lies with the parents. After Bat Mitzvah, she is privileged to participate in all aspects of Jewish community life and bear her own responsibility in the areas of Jewish ritual law, tradition, and ethics.
Bat Mitzvah Traditions
In Orthodox Judaism, women are not considered obliged to obey the same laws as men, so they do not have similar ceremonies as the Bar Mitzvah of the boys.
In the Reform and Conservative Judaism there is no gender distinctions as far as the religious obligations. Today, non-orthodox Jews celebrate a girl's becoming Bat Mitzvah in the same way as a boy's becoming Bar Mitzvah.
Most Reform and Conservative synagogues have egalitarian participation in which women may read from the Torah and lead services. Conservative Judaism is pluralistic, and some synagogues are still concerned about the halakhic propriety of women reading the Torah portion to men.
The majority of Orthodox Judaism rejects the idea that a woman can read from the Torah or lead prayer services and has developed a less public way to mark this occasion. In some cases, Orthodox girls will lecture on a Jewish topic to mark their Bat Mitzvah.
Want to talk about Bat Mitzvah?
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In-Store Promotions
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La-Z-Boy Furniture Stores in Scarborough
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We care about our community and our commitment to service extends beyond our stores. Watch this space for details on the activities, initiatives and partnerships in which we are involved - all in support of people and programs in our communities and beyond. In the Greater Toronto Area, Kitchener, London and Globally we are involved in HELPING when needed.
Ronald McDonald House Charities®
In the spirit of partnership, La-Z-Boy annually donates furniture to all Ronald McDonald Houses® and Ronald McDonald Family Rooms® in the U.S. and Canada. In each community, La-Z-Boy store associates deliver furnishings and support to these caring respites where participating families can find comfort and compassion.
Read more about our Ronald McDonald House partnership.
We proudly helped to furnish the brand new Ronald McDonald House in London, Ontario that opened in May 2011. With more houses opening in the near future, La-Z-Boy Furniture is dedicated to work in close partnership for years to come.
Later on in 2011, RMHC was up again, this time in Toronto, Ontario. They built one of the largest houses in North America with 93 Bedrooms! We again jumped at the chance to join in on the fun to help comfort the familes that need it most.
In our newest venture with RMHC, June 2012, we decided to join the project in Hamilton for a Renovation/Expansion of their current facilities and what an unbelieveable finished product it is. We are so fortunate to be able to provide some comfortable furniture to those families that really need it. Great job to everyone involved in Hamilton!
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Humpback whale songs provide insight into population changes
By Staff | Dec 31, 2020
Approximately 8,000-12,000 of the North Pacific humpback whale stock visits the shallow waters of the Hawaiian Islands seasonally to breed. During this time, mature males produce an elaborate acoustic display known as “song,” which becomes the dominant source of ambient underwater sound between December and April.
Following reports of unusually low whale numbers that began in 2015-16, researchers at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, in collaboration with the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, Oceanwide Science Institute and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, examined song chorusing recorded through long-term passive acoustic monitoring at six sites off Maui as a proxy for whale populations between September 2014 and May 2019. The findings were published in “Endangered Species Research.”
Using autonomous acoustic recorders called an “Ecological Acoustic Recorder,” researchers calculated root-mean-square sound pressure levels (RMS SPL), a metric of the average amount of acoustic energy — how loud the soundscape is — per day.
Over the course of the season, RMS SPL levels mirror the whales’ migratory patterns. Levels increase starting in November through January when whales start arriving in the waters around the archipelago, peaking in February and March, before decreasing in April through May when whales start migrating back to their high-latitude feeding grounds.
Researchers compared overall differences of this pattern and monthly averages of RMS SPL levels among years.
“Between the 2014-15 and 2017-18 seasons, we saw a continuous decrease in overall chorusing levels during the peak months of February and March of between -3 and -9 dB (decibels) depending on location over the course of this four-year period,” said Anke Kugler, a PhD candidate in marine biology, research assistant at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology and lead author of the paper.
“Only in the 2018-19 season did levels increase again, reaching 2015-16 at most and even 2014-15 levels at some recording sites. Further, we saw a shift in the seasonal pattern, with peaks shifting to early- and mid-February from late February to early March. Overall, chorusing levels were not only significantly lower during the peak of the season, whales also appeared to depart the islands earlier than in the past.”
When anecdotal reports from the on-water community initially showed lower numbers of whales in 2015-16, this coincided with an El Nino event in the North Pacific.
Researchers did not expect to see a decreasing trend for the subsequent two seasons, before chorusing levels seemed to bounce back in 2018-19.
Further, a decrease of acoustic energy -6 dB means a decrease by 50 percent. While this does not automatically translate into half the number of whales, other researchers visually assessed numbers of mother-calf pairs off Maui and overall whales off Hawaii Island, and reported seeing declines of similar magnitude during the same time, indicating that researchers captured changes in population levels, not just changes in singing behavior.
“The Hawaii ‘distinct population segments’ has been delisted from the Endangered Species Act in 2016, assuming sustainable levels after decades of population increase,” said Kugler. “However, in light of global change, continued monitoring is necessary to detect potential negative changes early and implement mitigation and adjust protection measures within Hawaiian waters, if necessary.”
An “ambassador species,” humpback whales are considered charismatic megafauna that hold a unique place in society, particularly modern Hawaiian culture.
Further, whale watching is an important economic resource in Hawaii. As such, humpback whales are what is called a “flagship species.”
They have the potential to be the ambassador species for the entire region’s ecosystem by helping to raise awareness of threats and global change impacts, on them and other species they share their habitat with, as well as their migration areas.
“The University of Hawaii has been a global leader in marine mammal research since the 1970s; therefore, doing this kind of work and continuing on this tradition of high-impact marine mammal research enables the university to maintain that status as one of world’s prime research universities,” said Kugler.
“In addition, this collaborative project highlights and strengthens UH’s existing long-term connection to NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration),” added Kugler.
“I was able to do this research due to this close partnership and collaboration with NOAA and the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary.”
Friends and family celebrate Pikake Rickard’s retirement from the U.S. Postal Service
Nalani Kirkman earns scholarship to compete for one of the nation’s top college wrestling programs
Marty Dread: Hawaii’s Reggae Ambassador from Lahaina to the world
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« Laker Day on NBA TV
LAKER ROSTER: Theo Ratliff »
LAKER ROSTER: Sasha Vujacic
This 26 year old, 6’7″ shooting guard from Slovenia may actually be the luckiest man on earth. He will have a salary of almost $5.5 million this season, has 2 championships on his resume, and lives in sunny Southern California. I wonder if his super-hot athlete girlfriend enjoys St. Tropez as much as he does and calls him “The Machine”. Right now, life must seem pretty rosy for Sasha. And to give him proper credit, he did hit two clutch free throws in Game 7 of the finals. Because he is in the final year of his contract, you have to believe this could and probably will change. My perception is he’s fallen out of favor with the coach. His minutes played went down from 1293 to 575. His games played went down from 80 to 67. His minutes per game went down from 16.2 to 8.6. With a shooting percentage of 40% from the field, including 31% behind the 3-point line last season, you could understand the dissatisfaction with his production. His average of 3 points per game does not seem irreplaceable. It would really help the Lakers in their quest for a three-peat for Sasha to regain his shooting form from a few years back. No matter how well he plays as the back-up to the back-ups in the guard position, I can’t see him getting a similar contract after this season. In fact, much like Carmelo Anthony in Denver, if Sasha is still with the Lakers when the playoffs roll around, I will be much surprised. I think if the opportunity presents itself, the Lakers will trade him to some team looking to reduce salary for the following season. And if that doesn’t happen, he will either return at a reduced rate, or look to sign on with some other team. Europe is another possibility.
credit, favor, luckiest, percentage, perception, possibility, quest
Print article This entry was posted by vclakerfan on 09.17.2010 at 9:51 AM, and is filed under Game Recaps. Follow any responses to this post through RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback from your own site.
Lakers Shoot Past the Rockets 119-108
about 8 years ago - No comments
The By The Numbers recap for the Lakers’ 119-108 win over the Houston Rockets at Staples Center on Sunday night. The Lakers are now 5-5, and next play home to Brooklyn on Tuesday night. 15,005 The number of points Pau Gasol has scored in the NBA, as he passed the 15,000 point mark on Sunday,…
Lakers Breeze By Kings For Second Straight Win
The By The Numbers recap for the Lakers’ 103-90 win over the Sacramento Kings at Staples Center on Sunday night. The Lakers are now 3-4, and next play home to San Antonio on Tuesday night. 18,997 The number of free tacos Jack in the Box will have to give out after the Lakers held yet…
Lakers Finally Win One…Throttle Pistons 108-79
The By The Numbers recap for the Lakers 108-79 win over the Detroit Pistons at Staples Center on Sunday. The Lakers are now 1-3, and play next at Utah on Wednesday night. 108 The amount of points the Lakers scored on Sunday night, their best offensive output of the season thus far. They also shot…
Lakers Struggle Again in San Antonio
about 10 years ago - No comments
In another lackadaisical second-half effort, the Lakers were blitzed by the San Antonio Spurs and dropped their third straight by 15+ points, 97-82 at the AT&T Center on Tuesday. It was a game that started off well for the Lakers. They kept it close early on, erasing a nine-point first quarter deficit, and taking a…
Kobe is the Most Hated Player in the NBA
The world is full of Kobe haters. I acknowledge this fact. As a fan of Magic Johnson, I understand that Kobe’s personality does not endear him to the average fan, the media or those who do not follow the NBA. While I believe both Magic and Kobe are about winning, Magic always seemed to showed his happiness and enjoyment…
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Politics Headlines
Aluthgamage remanded till today
April 17, 2018 Lankanewspapers 0 Comments
Former Minister of Sports Mahindananda Aluthgamage was yesterday (16) remanded until today (17) the Colombo Fort Magistrate, Lanka Jayaratne, due to his failure to fulfil bail conditions. Aluthgamage was arrested by the FCID on a charge of financial fraud to the tune of Rs 39 million in the purchase of sports equipment.
When produced before Magistrate Lanka Jayaratne yesterday, he was allowed bail in Rs 35,000 cash with a surety in Rs 100,000 and ordered to surrender his passport to the Court.
However, since he failed to surrender his passport the bail order was cancelled and he was remanded until today. The MP could not confirm that his passport was in the custody of the High Court.
Aluthgamage was arrested and produced before the Colombo Fort Magistrate’s Court, after a statement was recorded by the Police Financial Crimes Investigation Division (FCID).
The statement was with regard to an allegation regarding a financial misappropriation of Rs 39 million in connection with the purchase of carrom and draught boards when he was the Minister of Sports in 2014.
Counsels Shavendra Fernando, Kanchana Ratwatte, and Namal Rajapaksa represented the MP in Court.
The FCID noted that former Secretary to the Ministry of Sports Nanda Mallawarachchi had sent a letter in November 2014 to purchase the items, while it was the second accused, former Chairperson of Sathosa Nalin Ruwanjeewa, who had made the purchase on the verbal directives of Aluthgamage.
Accordingly, the stock of equipment, which was not distributed by the Ministry, was found in a Sathosa warehouse. That stock is alleged to have been distributed as an incentive during the 2015 Presidential Election as part of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party campaign.
President’s Counsel Shavendra Fernando, making his submissions noted: “The second suspect in this case, former Sathosa Chairperson Nalin Ruwanjeewa is currently out on bail. I am aware of his bail conditions.
It has already been decided that the Sathosa does not fall under the Offences against Public Property Act. However, this loss is borne by the Sathosa. No one has challenged the Court orders, therefore it is still valid. However, a ‘B’ report has been filed citing violations of the aforementioned Act.
That is illegal. The Attorney General as well as the FCID is bound by that Court order. Filing this ‘B’ report to challenge the previous Court order is an attempt to humiliate the Court. Even the Police Superintendent’s report has not been submitted.
”However, the FCID noted that the report was filed during the last Court date. Magistrate Jayaratne, said: “There is no need to file separate Police Superintendent certification for individual suspects. These equipment have been purchased by the Sathosa. The Ministry has not paid for it.
The taxes for the equipment which should have been paid by the Ministry have not been paid. It is the Sathosa that has not followed the due process.
”Accordingly, the Magistrate noted that though the Ministry has not incurred a loss in this purchase, the loss had however been borne by the Sathosa which is registered under the Companies Act and not the Offences against Public Property Act. On these grounds, bail was granted to the suspect.
However, due to the suspect being unable to produce his passport, which is reported to be in the custody of the Colombo High Court, and also because he could not confirm whether the passport was in the possession of the High Court, the suspect was remanded until today.
Media personnel faced difficulties in reporting Court proceedings which took place under heavy Police security. Court reporters faced immense difficulties as they were barred from entering the Court premises by the security.
← Four temp. Ministers appointed in place of six SLFPers
Sri Lanka economy to rebound, delaying reforms pose risks: World Bank →
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Home News & Events News Stories Sacred Huff Shares Personal Story on Foster Care and Her Quest to Improve the System
Sacred Huff Shares Personal Story on Foster Care and Her Quest to Improve the System
Sacred B. Huff (center) is flanked by GW students at the Power & Promise dinner on April 13.
Sacred B. Huff, Class of 2019, was honored at GW's annual Power & Promise dinner for her work to remedy the issues within the foster care system. The annual celebration of philanthropy introduces donors to students "whose educations they have helped enable." A group of scholarship awardees shared their own experiences over the course of the evening. Ms. Huff is the recipient of the Janet Altman Spragens Scholarship.
At the celebration, Ms. Huff gave a speech about her experience as a former foster youth and how a scholarship from GW made a difference in her life. "My circumstances inspired me to pursue a career in law because I experienced systemic failures firsthand, and I believe that the legal system can and should be used to address many of these failures," she said. The scholarship she received enables her to study at GW Law and to take advantage of many different experiential learning opportunities. Last summer, she interned at the Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless. Ms. Huff said her most memorable experience was the time she went to a local homeless shelter to give a "know your rights" presentation for the residents. Afterwards, she spoke with a resident who shared that she had recently aged out of foster care. They compared their experiences and discussed the ways in which the system "had failed us." Ms. Huff was then asked to write a blog for the legal clinic's website. She sat down with the same resident and received her input to tell her story. "This was meaningful to me because it allowed me to experience advocacy in the purest form," she said. "Beyond being a voice for someone else, I was able to use my platform to empower someone else because we shared similar backgrounds."
Ms. Huff believes that her internships have solidified her desire to practice law, saying, "I am even more committed to practicing public interest law because I want to help disadvantaged and underserved communities." She said experiential learning opportunities helps set up students for success and enables them to make a positive difference in the world.
The scholarships included under the Power & Promise umbrella help lower the cost of a GW education and reduce loan burdens by providing scholarships to qualified students regardless of their financial resources.
To read Ms. Huff's blog post, visit this page. Watch her entire speech below.
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Gilles Apap
Mary Beth Crain August 2, 2012
There are violinists, and then there's Gilles Apap. “He seems incapable of playing a single note in a way that isn't fascinating,” raved American Record Guide. The legendary Yehudi Menuhin called Apap “a true violinist for the 21st century,” the reason being that not only can he play anything on the planet but he does. There's probably no realm that the Algerian-born fiddle wizard hasn't explored with gusto. And although he's a supreme classical artist, he loves bluegrass, jazz, Gypsy and Celtic music. If there's a beat he doesn't like, we've yet to find it. Apap's particular talent is integrating various musical styles with classical works, in essence expanding classical music into a whole new genre Ñ as Menuhin observed, for the 21st century. You can get a taste of the “new” classical this week, when Beach=Culture presents Gilles Apap and the Transylvanian Mountain Boys. In this refreshingly inventive evening, Bartok meets bluegrass, de Falla dances with Django Reinhardt and Faure; acquires a Gypsy flair. We dare you to yawn. Annenberg Community Beach House, 415 Pacific Coast Hwy., Santa Monica; Tues., Aug. 7, 6:30 p.m.; free. (310) 458-4904, annenbergbeachhouse.com.
Tue., Aug. 7, 6:30 p.m., 2012
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L.A. Weekly May 19, 1999
LIES, MURDER AND A BITTER FRAPPUCCINO
Your roundtable on Kosovo [“Kosovo Conundrum,” May 713] continues the gross misrepresentation of the conflict by the U.S. media. Some salient facts that fly in the face of the comments of your participants:
1) The Kosovo Liberation Army — the terrorist group that has been fighting the Yugoslav army as well as Serbian and Albanian citizens — is funded by the heroin trade in Europe. Unimpeachable sources for this include Interpol and the police chiefs of Italy, France and Germany.
2) The Rambouillet “agreement,” which the Serbs refused to sign, was a document worked out by the United States and the KLA. It virtually guaranteed the independence of Kosovo and the imposition of an occupation force composed of nations openly hostile to Yugoslavia. The Serbs were told to sign the dictat or be bombed.
3) The current Serb offensive began before the NATO bombing started. Prior to the bombing there were no refugees — post-bombing, over 500,000 refugees. Paul Watson of the L.A. Times and the Toronto Globe, the only reporter in Kosovo throughout the crisis, says that the vast majority of the refugees are fleeing NATO bombing.
4) Serbs are accused of genocide, but prior to the bombing, the U.S. media reported 2,000 dead in two years of civil war, a substantial number of those Serbian. How is this genocide?
5) NATO bombing has now killed more people in five and a half weeks than died on both sides in two years of civil war.
6) Widespread atrocities are claimed and reports published without evidence. Meanwhile, Paul Watson, reporting from Kosovo, says that there is no evidence of widespread atrocities, and that it would be impossible to hide them.
7) In 1962, the Serbian population of Kosovo was over 40 percent, and is now 10 percent. Yet the Serbs are the ones accused of ethnic cleansing.
This war is clearly not about humanitarian empathy. Humanitarianism is the cover for a blatant power play by a nation that is accountable to no one, supported by a press that seems to have forgotten the most basic rules of journalism.
–Bodie Plecas
Bogdan Denitch's article on Yugoslav dissolution [“The Balkans' West Bank,” May 713] pretends to present an explanation of the Kosovo crisis by blaming everyone equally. His premise is flawed, as is his claim that 200,000 Serbs were “ethnically cleansed” from the Krajina region of Croatia in 1995 in what he terms the largest act of ethnic cleansing in the whole war. The country fell apart due to virulent Serbian nationalism, which attempted to create a Greater Serbia by linking up Serb populations in Croatia and Bosnia with Serbia. Since the majority of the populations in Bosnia and Croatia were non-Serb, the only way to get a Greater Serbia was to kill or expel non-Serbs.
In occupied Croatia from 1991 to 1995, particularly in the central Croatian region where the local Serbs proclaimed their “Independent State of Krajina,” all non-Serbs were expelled, most under the watchful eye of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), better known to Croatians as UNPROSERB. The Serb general in charge was indicted war criminal Ratko Mladic.
When the Croatian military undertook “Operation Storm” in August 1995 to retake its sovereign territory, the Serbian population there numbered less than 70,000. They were ordered to evacuate by another indicted war criminal, Mile Mrksic, and left Croatia under the protection of UNPROFOR. The Serbs quantifiably rejected every attempt by Croatia and thenU.S. Ambassador to Croatia Peter Galbraith to negotiate their status. The U.S.-sponsored Z-4 plan, which gave the Serbs a virtual state-within-a-state, was rejected by the Krajina thugs.
The Serb evacuation order was published in the September 9, 1995, issue of Dnevni Telegraf, an opposition newspaper run by a recently assassinated Milosevic opponent, Slavko Curuvija. This Croatian offensive also broke the Serbian siege of the U.N. “safe area” of Bihac, preventing another Srebrenica, where 7,000 Muslims were slaughtered by Ratko Mladic's Serb military under the eyes of another U.N. protection force. If this mostly Muslim-populated area of Bihac would have fallen to the Serbs, Greater Serbia would not have been a dream, but a reality. Ironically, Milosevic, who started the road to war and the creation of Greater Serbia in Kosovo in 1989 by revoking its autonomy, may in the end have a Lesser Serbia with a flaming defeat in Kosovo — just like his ancestors in 1389.
–Tom Kuzmanovic
Milwaukee, Wisconsin ã
I am a 30-something, gay, African-American, U.S.-Army-veteran male, and once again I'm confused and without a political home. The right wing comes up with some mean-spirited, bigoted agenda, but no sooner do I accept that I'm a liberal than damned if the left's behavior doesn't become equally asinine. I read “Kosovo Conundrum” hoping to find a logical reason to oppose military action against Yugoslavia. Sadly and predictably, the anti-military part of the panel could only offer the same shopworn, doctrinaire platitudes, none more maddening than the Rev. James Lawson. I was embarrassed for the man's clear lack of knowledge of the topic. Adherence to principle is admirable so long as it does not fly in the face of life-and-death facts. When it does, it ceases to be a virtue and becomes empty, oppressive dogma.
Having been privileged to travel extensively abroad, I can assure the good reverend that tyranny, oppression and mindless hatred are by no means the sole property of America. As another panelist, Marla Stone, said so succinctly, “It's about a political regime in Belgrade that uses hypernationalism, xenophobia and war to hold power.” At least one person in the discussion “gets it.” While U.S. history is certainly replete with moral failures, to blame the series of catastrophes in the Balkans on maintaining “white privilege” is laughably illogical. Yes, the loss of civilian life is tragic. War is a terrible thing. I would, however, remind some members of your panel that if there had not been pain and suffering of women and children some 135 years ago, some of us would still be chopping cotton in Georgia.
Is the word “conundrum” an adequate headline for a cover photograph [May 713] of such heartbreaking, intimate suffering? In Enric Marti's AP/Wide World picture, a father with a broken nose is apparently about to break out in tears, while the face of that little girl, his daughter, is so contorted with pain, it's hard to look at her without crying myself. I do not know their names, or the direct cause of their tears. I want to know. I feel for this father and this girl every time I look at the cover. I feel pain — and some guilt at having their tears laid bare to barely interested, Frappuccino-sipping passersby.
I'm not certain you do the right thing by presenting a very intimate picture of private pain for the sake of announcing a political roundtable. Ask the unnamed girl in your photo what she thinks of the “Collective Conundrum of American Progressives” about her homeland. Or else show the same respect for her personal torment that you show for your political discussion — by referencing her plight.
–Bettina Koslowki
An interesting roundtable on the ethical gymnastics performed by “progressives” about U.S. intervention in Kosovo. Too many contentions with which to take issue, but one stands out — the Rev. James Lawson's (unchallenged) statement that “the number-one federal budget item is military spending.” This is simply not the case: The Office of Management and Budget reports that fully half of 1999 federal outlays are transfer payments (Social Security, Medicare and such). National defense accounts are the smallest amount in relation to the GDP since World War II.
–Jonathan Kulick
BURNING DOWN THE HOUSE
As the KXLU DJ who is right before Steve Castaldi and Chris Checkman, and as KXLU music director, I feel that it's necessary to respond to Adam Bregman's article about their show [“Big Boss Man,” May 713], which made generalizations about KXLU and Chris that are simply untrue. First of all, there is no “typical KXLU DJ.” With more than 25 DJs, it's hard to imagine that we all have the same tastes and talk the same. Second, it is obvious that the factor of obscurity is being lost in college radio. The bands that are now today's flavor of the month were once “nondescript.” Chris says that “alternative” is sold to the May Co., yet, by playing bands that are heard on other L.A. stations, he does nothing to fix this problem. Those of us who are looked at as “indie snobs” are just trying to break the mold and keep things fresh. Last, by talking about how he stuck his neck out during our annual fund-raiser, Chris also puts his foot in his mouth, because not once have I seen either Chris or Steve answer phones, take pledges or help anyone during the fund-raiser.
I am disappointed that our station's troubles have to be discussed in public before they are discussed here, because it divides a force that should work together. That kind of positive thinking is not part of Chris' show, since cynicism and negativity are all that it revolves around. How “alternative.”
–Elvin “DJ Nobody” Estela
A quick bit of clarification regarding Adam Bregman's piece on me and our shows on KXLU 88.9 FM (Blues Hotel, The Morris Beef Show). First, Ian MacKinnon's contribution to Blues Hotel cannot be overstated. Michael Simmons put it best in the 1997 “Best of L.A.” issue when he referred to Ian being our “Zen-like sage.” While Morris and I myself, I guess, have a great deal to do with our continued success, it is fair to say that without Ian the show would not even exist today.
Second, while the accounts of my having picked up the occasional listener/groupie off the request lines are true, it should be noted that those days ended years ago, when all the good drugs ran out. The last listener I hooked up with tore my insides out to the point where I am even today continuing to pick bits of entrails off the walls and sidewalks. Proof enough that, if there is a god, he/she/whatever practices vengeance on a grand scale.
Anyway, many thanks again to Adam for the article, and to the Weekly for its continued support of Blues Hotel, The Morris Beef Show and our radio station.
–Chris Checkman
Send letters to the editor to: L.A. Weekly, P.O. Box 4315, L.A., CA 90078. Or fax us at (323) 465-3220. Or e-mail us at letters@laweekly.com. Letters, which must be typewritten and include a daytime telephone number for verification, may be edited for purposes of space or clarity.
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What a Wreck
Joe Donnelly November 8, 2006
So I’m on my way back from my head doc around lunchtime, heading south on the 101 freeway over the Cahuenga Pass after having just paid $80 to learn that my pedestrian anxieties and run-of-the-mill insomnia stem from not feeling in control of things (revelatory!). I didn’t sleep a wink last night, haven’t eaten or had much to drink yet today, and am feeling the aches from the surfing I did this morning before work. I’m delirious. Deliriously dreaming of the biggest burrito in the history of Poquito Mas, or maybe a double-double with fries from In-N-Out Burger, or Fatburger in all its fatty-greasy splendor for a change. Endless possibilities await just a few hundred yards up the road, where the Barham exit will deliver me onto a stretch of fast-food heaven. After eating, I could even buy a car, any number of brands of car, if I were rich. Or I could get my film edited, if I had a film to be edited, or apply for a job at Vivid Entertainment, if I thought being a pornographer was the way to regain control of my life. It’s really an embarrassment of riches on that stretch of Barham around the Cahuenga Pass. Hell, maybe I’d even move there.
The future is wide open, and it’s going to start as soon as I make that exit.
Then, the future stops dead in its tracks. Not just for me, but for all four lanes of traffic, including the two highly cell-phoned black dudes in the Bentley sports coupe in front of me, the Pat Riley wannabe with the slicked hair and thousand-dollar suit driving the Mercedes SL500 next to them, and the truck driver next to me. We wait for something to happen, something to move. Nothing does. It’s really hot.
After a while, the slick-haired guy opens his car door and stands up on his floorboards to take a look. He turns to the guys in the Bentley and shakes his head. The Bentleys shake their heads back in mutual acknowledgment that this kind of shit is for other people.
I have my air conditioning on and notice I’m nearly out of gas. There’s a service station within throwing distance, right there at the Barham exit. That damn exit is a portal to the world of the sentient. Down here, lined up like livestock on the 101, we are practically inert, unable to control our destinies. Crowds of real people start congregating up along the chain-metal fence separating the two worlds, gaping excitedly at us as if we’re participants in some medieval sporting event.
We wait for something to change. I turn off my car to save gas, and start sweating profusely. I think I might pass out. One of the dudes gets out of his Bentley and starts working the cell phone. The Mercedes dude does the same. Four helicopters start buzzing overhead. I wonder if they’ll be airlifted out. I need some water.
I get out of my car and start walking. If I can just get to Barham. I feel like Michael Douglas in Falling Down. I count more than a dozen emergency-personnel vehicles up ahead. Somehow a news crew has sprung up out of nowhere — just add disaster and voilà! There’s bad shit going on up there, that’s for sure, and nobody’s getting near the Barham exit.
I walk over to the side of the road, scale a little incline and start to hop the fence. When my intentions become clear, the people on the other side eye me suspiciously, but let me pass. I’m one of the Others, like from Lost. Even though I’ve made it to the land of free will, I’m not really free, since my car is still stuck in the miles of cars now lined up on the 101. I forgo a trip to Fatburger in favor of a quick dash to a nearby liquor store for water.
I hop back over the fence with my water and rejoin the ranks of the stuck. I look back at the wreckage. Firemen and EMTs scurry about. Someone’s being put on a stretcher. It’s awful. A newsbreak says the accident has traffic backed up past the 405 freeway.
I get in my car and sip the water. It’s still really hot, and I’m parked directly beneath the sun. I notice the slick-haired guy walking back from the vicinity of the wreckage. He looks at the Bentley guys, and they instinctively seek solace in each other, communicating back and forth in the language of the normally exempt. Other motorists are out of their cars, bonding. Teens seem to find each other and huddle in clusters. A sense of being part of something has taken hold. I’m alone and roasting.
I get out of my car again and walk back toward the fence, where there’s shade. As I approach, I notice a disheveled woman sitting on a bench in a grassy clearing on the other side of the fence. She’s scribbling something furiously on a piece of brown paper.
“Whatcha doing?” I ask.
“Putting a cover on my AA book,” she tells me. Her hair is matted, and her two front teeth may be implants suffering from extreme neglect. Her clothes are dirty, but her figure’s kind of held up.
“Remember how you used to do that in elementary school?” she asks.
She tells me she likes to put covers on all her books and produces the one she’s going to do next, a dime-store romance novel by the looks of it.
“I got these from the Burbank Library,” she says, and starts digging through her purse until she finds her wallet. “See, here’s my library card. I just got that the other day. And here’s my Ralphs card, and here’s my . . .” She shows me every card in her wallet.
“What are you doing all the way over here if your library is in Burbank?” I ask.
“I had my anger-management class,” she says. “I’m also taking physics. My professor is really good. I’m good at physics.”
I ask how AA is going.
“Really good, bro’. I used to do a lot of dope. But I’ve been off it for three years. Except for three relapses.”
I wonder if this is one of them. “That’s great,” I say, smiling through the fence.
“I’ve seen you before,” she says, while carefully folding what appears to be a blond wig and placing it in some kind of mesh bag. “I noticed you over there. You looked calm and I knew you’d come over here.”
She pulls a brush from her bag and starts brushing her real hair, which is short and dark. She’s sort of attractive, in a tough-luck, dual-diagnosed kind of way. Once, though, she must have been somebody’s baby.
“Hey,” she says, “if you ever want to get out of here, I know when the spaceships are coming.”
Up ahead, the emergency vehicles start moving out.
“Thanks,” I said. “I gotta get back to my car. You take care.”
“You too, bro’.”
Traffic begins to move. The future is wide open.
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Ruth Davidson 9pm - 10pm
Is there really a second wave in Europe? Johns Hopkins University expert explains the truth
29 July 2020, 09:02 | Updated: 29 July 2020, 09:36
By Adrian Sherling
After Boris Johnson said a second wave of coronavirus was already underway in Europe, a world expert from Johns Hopkins University looked at the figures to see if he's right.
Speaking during a visit to Nottinghamshire, the Prime Minister said yesterday: "What we have to do is take swift and decisive action where we think that the risks are starting to bubble up again.
"Let's be absolutely clear about what's happening in Europe, amongst some of our European friends, I'm afraid you are starting to see in some places the signs of a second wave of the pandemic."
The Johns Hopkins Centre has been the world-leading institution tracking the infection across the world. Darren Adam spoke to Dr Amesh Adalja to find out if he was correct.
A Johns Hopkins expert revealed the figures behind a second wave. Picture: LBC / PA
He said: "We are seeing some increased activity in parts of Spain, but I don't think it's useful to number these. We have to realise this virus has established itself in the human population, so as people socially interact, you're going to get resurgences.
"The question is: do those countries have enough public health capacity to keep those cases from spilling into hospitals, starting larger outbreaks and starting chains of transmission among vulnerable people.
"It does look like there are variable degrees in how countries have handled their ability in this time when they've had a lull in cases."
Reports suggest Belgium and Luxembourg will be added to the list from where travellers need to quarantine. And Dr Adalja said he would expect more countries to be included.
He said: "In general, the EU does not have the kind of problems that we've had here in the US. But you have to look at the metrics, because it's going to be something that's with us until we have a vaccine.
"But it doesn't have to be a whole country, we can be much more precise with the data that we have."
See more More Hot Topics
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Tea, Guwahati and a Love Story by the Lake
Shahnaab Alam
The city of Guwahati is the pulsating heart of North East India, a metro constantly embracing the new and blending it with a rich and vibrant cultural past. A gateway to the region for centuries, it nestles on the south bank of the mighty Brahmaputra and is set against the foothills of the Shillong Plateau. Its location has made Guwahati a crucial river port and has helped the city evolve into a major commercial hub. Guwahati is now the fastest-growing metro in the state of Assam and the largest city in the North East.
But the story about to be narrated has nothing, yet everything, to do with the modern city of Guwahati. It has as its dramatis personae two gentlemen – Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain from faraway Awadh, and Francis Jenkins, from even further away, from Great Britain.
This saga also includes an epic love story that played out on the shores of a lake called Digholi Pukhuri, which still remains the centerpiece of Guwahati.
And if it’s Assam, well, there’s got to be tea. So bring out your finest china, sip gently, and prepare to be regaled by tea, Guwahati and a love story by the lake.
Early morning view of River Brahmaputra in Guwahati
It All Started…
Francis Jenkins was born in the picturesque village of St Clement, Cornwall, UK, on August 4, 1793. He sailed for India in 1810, to join the British East India Company. Starting his career as a Captain in the Army, he rose up the ranks rapidly and finally ended up as a Major-General. In 1831, the Governor-General Lord William Bentinck deputed young Captain Jenkins to undertake a survey and report on the resources of the newly annexed region of Assam including Manipur, Cachar and Jaintia Hills. Jenkins was appointed Chief Commissioner of Assam in 1833, and continued in that position till 1861. He was also the Agent to the Governor-General for the North Eastern Frontier of India.
Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain hailed from an aristocratic family in Agra, in the erstwhile Awadh principality (present-day Uttar Pradesh). He moved to Gauhati (now Guwahati) in the 1820s. In those days, the royal House of Awadh was rapidly losing its influence as the Company tightened its grip on its affairs. Uncertainty loomed and there was a growing sense of insecurity among the people.
So when he was offered an administrative post in the North East, a young Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain snapped it up. He and his family, along with an entourage of household staff, set off on a caravan journey for the fertile promise of Assam. In those days, migrating for work was usually a one-way journey.
Ariel view of Digholi Pulhuri with the imposing Gauhati High Court building, and the River Brahmaputra flowing majestically
The Long Lake…
Upon their arrival in Assam, Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain and his family settled on the banks of Digholi Pukhuri, a lake then enveloped by wilderness. The lake was also much longer than it is now. It extended from the Brahmaputra in the north and went all the way south, to the railway line that leads to present-day Guwahati Railway Station.
Digholi Pukhuri is steeped in history and rooted in mythology. According to folklore, it was originally a tank built by King Bhagadatta to meet the water needs of his daughter’s wedding. The story goes that he later ordered a canal to be dug, to link the tank to the Brahmaputra River. Due to the water from the mighty river pushing inland, the tank grew longer, giving it the name ‘Digholi Pukhuri’ or ‘Long Lake’.
The water body was so large that, in later times, it was used by various kingdoms in the region as a naoxal, or a yard to anchor their naval fleets. Legendary 17th century CE Ahom General, Lachit Borphukan had used Digholi Pukhuri to ‘hide’ his boats, which he so successfully used against the larger Mughal ships during the famous Battle of Saraighat (1671).
In the 19th century, when Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain and his family settled on the west bank of the lake. They blended well with the local population and assimilated the local customs so seamlessly that his sister Fatima Bi even acquired an Assamese nickname ‘Moni Phutuki’.
An Emerging City…
When the British East India Company’s influence and control began to grow across India, it started appointing Indians from aristocratic families to sub-divisional administrative posts. It was a practice that continued even after India became a colony directly under the British Crown in 1858.
Around the mid-1830s, Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain was given charge of developing and managing Gauhati, when Col. Jenkins was appointed the Chief Commissioner of the Assam province.
The idea was to transform Gauhati into an administrative headquarters in Assam, and also an important river port on the Brahmaputra, which was then the lifeline of the remote North-Eastern region.
Back then Gauhati was just a large village comprising of a few hamlets on the banks of River Brahmaputra, majorly concentrating around the present-day Machkhowa and Santipur, and mostly populated by fishermen and those trading in ‘Tamul’ (Betel Nut), also called ‘Guwa’ or ‘Gaua’. As their main occupation the locals would regularly lay out a ‘Haat’, or market, on the banks of the river offering fish, betel nuts and other assorted goods, which is how the name ‘Gauhati’ came about, and buyers would take the bulk on boats to other villages. It was against this backdrop that Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain, as the Administrator of the Gauhati sub-division, oversaw the evolution of this sleepy river port into an important administrative centre. It eventually became the capital of the Assam Province and is now a bustling city in modern times.
A Love Story Etched In Time…
Francis Jenkins was considered a man of versatile abilities, apart from being a successful Army-man and great administrator, he was also a scholar. Jenkins was deeply interested in the history and antiquities of Assam. He contributed a number of articles to the pages of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and inspired others to contribute on subjects relating to Assamese history, philology, topography, mineralogy and other such topics. The first noteworthy history of Assam was compiled in 1841, by William Robinson at the instance of Maj. Gen. Jenkins to whom it was dedicated.
During the course of his interactions with the locals while stationed in Gauhati, he crossed paths with Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain’s sister Fatima Begum. It was love at first sight, as the legend goes...
Fatima Bi, fondly nicknamed Moni Phutuki meaning ‘the one who emerges from bursting pearls’, was indeed a very beautiful woman and Jenkins was smitten by her beauty.
Even though Shekhawat Hussain would work in close coordination with Col. Jenkins and the two forged a close bond as the new city was being built, despite that he and his family members were not ready for the alliance when Col. Jenkins asked for Fatima Begum’s hand in marriage. Eventually, after several pleas by Jenkins and his promise that Fatima Bi would be allowed to maintain her cultural and religious identity, the family relented.
Neither religious nor cultural differences posed much of a barrier for the British Col. Francis Jenkins and Indian Fatima Begum when they married in the late 1830s. After her marriage, she was popularly called Phutuki Mem (short for Madame, a title associated with British officers’ wives in India) and they remained happily married until death did them apart and quite literally so…
Jenkins’s love for his beloved Phutuki Mem and his fondness for Assam led him to settle down in Guwahati after retirement, and he never returned to England.
During his travels throughout the region as the Chief Commissioner, Col. Francis Jenkins must have noticed Tea trees growing abundantly in the wild, as some of which still do on the Karbi and Dima Hasao hills, and the hills of Manipur. Even today the Singpho tribe collect wild Tea leaves for their distinctive ‘Smoked Tea’ variation. And it is also certain that during early times of East India Company, the locals were harvesting Tea leaves from the wild and selling it loose, and were also collecting it for the Company.
Col. Jenkins spotted a fantastic opportunity – an immediate action of his was to set up a committee in 1834 to explore the possibility of a tea industry in India, which would break the Chinese monopoly in the market. He soon realized that Tea could possibly be grown commercially in the region, in a better organized manner, particularly since the soil and weather of the region were so conducive for Tea. He is considered the pioneer of the Indian Tea industry.
In his book Early British Relations with Assam (1949), Dr S K Bhuyan says, “In some quarter, Maj Gen Jenkins is also credited as the discoverer of the tea plant in Assam, now known as ‘Thea Assamica’, identical with the tea of commerce then in circulation, other rivals to the honour of the discovery being Captain Charlton and Mr Charles Alexender Bruce.”
Jenkins played a pivotal part in founding the Assam Tea Company in 1839, the first-ever tea company in India.
The first major collection center for the tea produced in Assam and the surrounding region was located in Calcutta, then the Company’s headquarters and later the imperial capital of India. It was also its main shipping port.
Hence, tea from the region was first transported down the Brahmaputra, via the Hooghly to Calcutta, from where it was shipped all the way to Great Britain, and onward to London along the Thames. It was then stocked in massive warehouses along the Thames, before it was shipped throughout Europe and rest of the world.
Footprints of history…
Maj. Gen. Francis Jenkins died after developing a fever on 28th August 1866 and was laid to rest in Gauhati, the city formed under his administration. His grave was located at the old cemetery near Guwahati Railway Station which is currently the present site of Institute of Engineers, and is just about half a kilometre away from the Shekhawat’s family graveyard along Digholi Pukhuri, where his wife Phutuki Mem (Fatima Begum) lay buried along with her brother Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain, her parents and other relatives. There were memorials to Francis Jenkins in Gauhati, like ‘Jenkins Road’ and ‘Jenkins Ghat’, which were later renamed M G Road and Sukleshwar Ghat.
Shekhawat’s family had to relocate from the west side of the Digholi Pukhuri to the east in the 1840s, to make way for the British administrative, educational, social, religious and residential establishments of the ever-expanding city.
When Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain and his family moved to the east bank, he earmarked a plot which became the family’s burial ground. It is still surrounded by homes of the family’s descendants. The graveyard, also known as the Shekhawati Kabrastan, became the final resting place of eminent personalities in the Digholi Pukhuri locality, including the extended family of freedom fighter Mohammed Tayebullah and his elder brother Mohammed Herasutullah.
The legend of their love – a Christian, British Major-General marrying an Assamese Muslim girl – is still alive among those who live along Digholi Pukhuri, the present-day Mohammed Tayebullah Road.
Sadly, in the mid-1990s, when Jenkins’s descendants came visiting, hoping to pay their respects at the grave of their great-grandmother, they could not locate it in the untended family graveyard of the Shekhawat family. Neither did they get a chance to meet the family’s descendants.
Amongst the descendants of the Shekhawati family, two prominent figures were brothers, Qazi Tahfizur Rahman and Qazi Taufiqar Rahman. Their father Qazi Talmiur Rahman was the son of, Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain and Rahimun Nesa’s first born, Roufun Nesa, married to Azizur Rahman. While their mother Syeda Masuda belonged to a very prominent local family, whose brother Sir Syed Saadullah, was the first Prime Minister of Assam in the newly independent India and the only one from entire north-east region of India to have been conferred upon the Knighthood by the United Kingdom.
In 1929, Qazi Tahfizur Rahman became the first Indian from undivided India to be trained in the science of oil technology at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London. He was part of the core team at the Digboi Oil Field, Asia’s first oil well. He also led the engineering team that established the Noonmati oil refinery for the government, later called the Guwahati Refinery, the first oil refinery of the Indian Oil Corporation. An extremely well-travelled man, he never married and continued to pursue his passion for travel till the very end.
Qazi Taufiqar Rahman, who completed his studies from Aligarh Muslim University, was an Advocate and a progressive social figure in the locality. He emphasised education and social equality. A school for the underprivileged in Amsing, near Narengi (suburbs of present-day Guwahati) still bears his name. He also encouraged women to offer prayers in local mosques, equally with men, especially in the mosque located next to the present-day Latasil Park Police Station, which he helped establish.
The great divide and the High Society…
As the new city of Gauhati expanded, Digholi Pukhuri almost became an unspoken demarcation between the British and Indian settlements, notwithstanding the original local settlements on the further north-west along the riverside.
To the west and north-west of the lake were all the major administrative and educational establishments like Cotton College (now a university), Curzon Hall (present-day Nabin Chandra Hall and Library), the Post House, the Administrative Headquarters (present-day Deputy Commissioner’s Office), Christ Church, Baptist Church and the homes of several British families. Further away, closer to the British establishments, were the commercial areas and shops of Pan Bazaar and Fancy Bazaar. There was only a smattering of Indians living on the west side, mainly big traders and shop owners, who lived in and around the commercial areas.
Gauhati High Court buiding
To the north of Digholi Pukhuri, the imposing Gauhati High Court and homes of judges were built. The impressive High Court building and the Circuit House were constructed after major reclamation blocked the mouth of the canal that led to the lake, which again separated Digholi Pukhuri and the River Brahmaputra.
At the southern end of the lake were prominent cultural establishments like the Library and Museum, which along with the laying of railway lines further reduced the length of Digholi Pukhuri.
Only to the east of Digholi Pukhuri extending all the way along the river side towards Uzan Bazaar were residences of the Indians, and this side of the city soon became exclusively Indian and kept spreading further eastwards. This side was also blessed with the presence of the ancient Ugratara Temple and the mausoleum of a Sufi Saint, which is now within the premises of the famous Bura Masjid (the old Mosque).
Now there’s nothing like some harmless rivalry – and a wry sense of humour – to add some vigour to the great divide along the lake. At the turn of the 19th century, when the British elite deciding on a site for recreation and their exclusive Gauhati Club, they chose an empty field on the east side of Digholi Pukhuri, adjacent to the Indian settlements. They opened the clubhouse in 1894, and, of course, Indians were denied membership.
Not to be outdone, prominent Indians of Gauhati chose a spot near an open field (called Judges Field today) in the British-dominated west side of Digholi Pukhuri, for their own Gauhati Town Club. They opened their modest clubhouse in 1906, thus thumbing their nose at the colonial establishment. The club was initially funded by Indian tea planters and local traders, Indian advocates, administrative officers and eminent local social figures. These two Clubs set the tone for high society in Guwahati back then, and are status of the city’s elite even today.
War Memorial on the north bank of Digholi Pukhuri
A modern drama…
The two men – Maj.Gen. Francis Jenkins and Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain – brought together by a shared history, and who together shaped a city in indelible ways. Both were pioneers in founding Guwahati in colonial times, and their stories are rooted on the shores of a lake.
Digholi Pukhuri, though much smaller and now fenced, remains the centerpiece of the city of Guwahati. This lake has always attracted numerous avian guests, and has been home to a large number of ‘Raj Hans’ (also called ‘Hamsa’ or Goose). Sadly in the present times this huge bunch of geese have lost access to Digholi Pukhuri due to its fenced boundary and are relegated to the nearby smaller Jur Pukhuri (the twin ponds). Every once in a while their loud protests can be seen and heard, when they occupy the Lamb Road (the road nearby that runs parallel to Dhigholi Pukhuri) near the Ugratara Temple and quack in full throttle. It then almost seems as if they are beseeching Devi Ugratara to help them get back their favourite water-body, the Digholi Pukhuri.
Meanwhile, a portion of the Shekhawati Kabarstan got mired in litigation after a group of locals attempted to snatch the property to develop it as prime real estate. The present-day descendants of the Shekhawat family, along with other local residents, have formed the Digholi-Pukhuri Kabarstan Suraksha Committee to protect this plot in the heart of Guwahati that is so intrinsically linked to the history of the city itself. The Committee has decided that once the legal dispute is settled, they will beautify the graveyard as a public place in memory of all those who rest there. They also plan to build a memorial to Major-General Jenkins and Phutuki Mem, thereby reuniting the parted lovers in the memory of future generations.
Shahnaab Alam is a film producer, born in Guwahati, raised in Delhi and based in Mumbai, who loves tea, Guwahati and history.
The details of this piece have been collated from historical research but are based mainly on oral history sessions with his maternal grandmother, Rezia Khatoon, who was the wife of Qazi Taufiqar Rahman, a great-grandson of Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain. She passed away in 2019 at the age of 93.
Guwahati Digholi Pukhuri Francis Jenkins Mir Syed Shekhawat Hussain
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Aigburth
Liverpool family's plea to catch ex-teacher's safari lodge killer
South African police set up specialist team
Christine Robinson and husband Robbie
The family of a popular ex-teacher who was stabbed to death at her safari lodge home in South Africa today urged the country’s authorities to do all they can to catch her killer.
Christine Robinson’s body was discovered last week, wrapped in a duvet in a private wing on the estate she ran by herself.
As a specialist South African police unit begins its hunt for the widow’s killer, the 59-year-old’s family called on them to use everything in their power to help their fight for justice.
Brother and sister John McCarthy and Diane Sergison say they will not stop in their pursuit for information about their sister’s death.
Speaking to the ECHO, they revealed their frustration at the lack of information they initially received from the South African police about the horrific incident, believed to have happened on Wednesday.
Read more: Tributes paid to retired Liverpool teacher stabbed to death at South African safari lodge
In a country where violent deaths are more common than in the UK, they also fear police may attach less importance to solving Christine’s death - though they were pleased with news a specialist crime team was set to launch a manhunt in Zimbabwe, where the suspect is believed to have gone into hiding.
Mr McCarthy said: “The police over there possibly take a far more relaxed attitude to it than the UK, but they seem to be doing something now, they seem to be deciding to act by getting this special team across into Zimbabwe. Up until yesterday there had been no contact with the family, the consulate in Pretoria had been trying to get information and they had problems.”
Mrs Sergison, who lives in Aigburth, found out about her sister’s death when she was rung by an employee at Christine’s lodge.
Since then the family have been told Christine was stabbed in the neck. Admitting they were confused as they struggled to find out more details the family said they were advised by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office to use their attorney in South Africa to try and get more information.
That appears to have brought them more success, with Mr McCarthy - who described the killer’s actions as despicable , deplorable and callous - explaining “we were very much in the dark” until yesterday, when the attorney gave them an update.
Still in shock at the news of Christine’s death, Mrs Sergison said: “She was lovely, she was incredibly caring... she didn’t deserve what happened to her.”
The 64-year-old described Christine, who grew up in Speke, as an “adventurous” traveller who made friends everywhere she went. She revealed Christine was thinking of selling the Rra Ditau estate she had moved to a decade ago with husband Robbie, taking it over after he died two years ago.
The family were expecting a post mortem to take place yesterday and are hoping Christine’s body will be expatriated by the end of the week.
Appealing for the South African police to do everything to catch her killer, Mr McCarthy said: “We believe they are making extensive efforts to apprehend the suspect, for which we thank them.”
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Board of Directors and CEO
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By LWB
On January 27th, 2011
When many people think of an orphanage, I think they often envision babies and toddlers. I used to be one of those people myself. On my many trips to China, however, I began meeting and falling in love with the older children who have grown up in institutions, many who never had any true chance of finding a permanent home. Their faces and stories are in my heart forever now, and sadly many of my memories of these great kids involve tears. Tears from Jenny, who broke down on her 14th birthday when she realized that she had aged out of the adoption system without being chosen. The final realization that she would never know what it meant to have a mom or dad of her own caused her to fall into a deep depression. Tears from Lily, a 17-year-old girl whom I had given my jacket after she admired it. When she refused to accept it initially, I put my hand on her shoulder and said, “But of course you have to take it because you are like family to me.” And it was at that one word, “family,” that this normally stoic young lady broke down and sobbed uncontrollably, as it is the one thing that she longed for.
By far, however, the most emotional moment of my time in China came one night when I was able to meet with a group of older orphaned teens I had watched grow up over a five year period. Every time I would visit their orphanage, I would enjoy getting to know them more. They all seemed so close, such good friends, and they always had smiles for me when I arrived. That night, however, was a night when the kids finally let their guard down. It was a night of real conversation and sharing what it means to grow up as an orphan. Toward the end of the evening we were all in tears. Afterwards, one of the older boys stayed to talk with me privately. I am hesitant to even write of it now as it was such a deeply personal and emotionally raw conversation. I will share, however, that he told me that growing up without a mother or father “hurts more than death.” Children aren’t supposed to raise themselves. They are not supposed to grow up alone, which I know sounds impossible when you are growing up in a crowded orphanage. The reality, though, is that hundreds of thousands of orphaned children feel utterly and completely ALONE. I held this incredible and wonderful teen in my arms as he sobbed about how much he wanted a mom, and I can’t think of it now without great pain.
Why was I given the opportunity to be born into a family who could take care of me, while millions of children are born into situations so sad and filled with hurt that many people don’t even want to hear their stories? I have struggled with that question for years with no answers. But I do know that all of us who have been blessed to know what a family really is should make every effort possible to help those who are orphaned. If not us, then who?
The theme song for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was a song called “You and Me.” It has been sung to me by children in orphanages many times, and it always makes me cry. The words haunt me… especially for the older children who have grown up feeling so alone: “Put your hand in mine. You and me, from one world. We are family.”
How I wish those words were true in every person’s heart. How I wish everyone believed that we need to treat people as family and share our ever shrinking world. What a wonderful place this would be if every adult took the hand of a child in need and didn’t let go. To all of the older orphaned children who have aged out of the possibility of ever finding a family, I send my heartfelt prayers. You are not forgotten. And we will continue doing our very best to help in every way possible.
Amy Eldridge is the Executive Director of Love Without Boundaries.
Love Without Boundaries proudly advocates for adoption but is not an adoption agency. We invite you to contact [email protected] with questions about a child we have featured and encourage you to contact your local adoption agency for more information about China’s Waiting Child Program.
Laure says:
Is there any system in place to assist children who have aged out of adoption eligibility with a search for their birth families? Many adoptive families here in the States are helping their children to find their first families back in China; if it’s possible for some of them to be reunited, then it must be possible for some of the aged-out children to reconnect with their biological families and perhaps even find a member of their extended family to take them in.
I think I’d like to adopt someday, I just don’t really know if it is something my husband and I could ever afford. I hope someday it is in the cards for us, I’ve always wanted to have kids but I’ve also always wanted to adopt 🙂 very touching article
Is this girl that is pictured witht he pig tails already aged out??
Please let me know. [email protected] I am interested.
This is heartbreaking. I am wondering how this takes place. If a child is in foster care and turns fourteen does the family pack his bags, pack a lunch for him and send them out the door? Must he deal with the world on his own at that point? How can that be? Does he just go live on the street? How can this be?
Carmi says:
Our family has been so blessed by Zane, our son adopted at 13. I can’t imagine our family without him and I can’t imagine the pain of knowing you would never have a mom or dad. I am sitting here with tears in my eyes after reading this. Indeed if not us then who?
Help us change the lives of children in need.
Love Without Boundaries Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, Federal ID 06-1710161. Your donations are tax deductible and we are committed to using every dollar donated wisely in order to best help children in need.
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Alfa Romeo To Return To Formula One
The prestigious Italian brand owned by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) today signed a multi-year technical and commercial partnership agreement with Swiss Sauber F1 Team for participation in the Formula 1 world championship beginning with the 2018 season.
The single-seaters will sport the distinctive colors and logo of Alfa Romeo, the team's Title Sponsor, and will be equipped with 2018 Ferrari power units.
The scope of the agreement includes strategic, commercial and technological cooperation in all applicable areas of development, including access to engineering know-how and the expertise of Alfa Romeo technical staff. This partnership will provide additional opportunities for the two organizations in both Formula 1 and the automotive sector in general.
The official name will be Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team.
Sergio Marchionne, CEO of FCA, said: "This agreement with the Sauber F1 Team is a significant step in the reshaping of the Alfa Romeo brand, which will return to Formula 1 after an absence of more than 30 years. A storied marque that has helped make the history of this sport, Alfa Romeo will join other major automakers that participate in Formula 1.
The brand itself will also benefit from the sharing of technology and strategic know-how with a partner of the Sauber F1 Team's undisputed experience. The Alfa Romeo engineers and technicians, who have already demonstrated their capabilities with the newly-launched models, Giulia and Stelvio, will have the opportunity to make that experience available to the Sauber F1 Team.
At the same time, Alfa Romeo fans will once again have the opportunity to support an automaker that is determined to begin writing an exciting new chapter in its unique, legendary sporting history."
Pascal Picci, Chairman of Sauber Holding AG, commented: "We are very pleased to welcome Alfa Romeo to the Sauber F1 Team. Alfa Romeo has a long history of success in Grand Prix racing, and we are very proud that this internationally renowned company has chosen to work with us for its return to the pinnacle of motorsport.
Working closely with a car manufacturer is a great opportunity for the Sauber Group to further develop its technology and engineering projects. We are confident that together we can bring the Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team great success, and look forward to a long and successful partnership."
The return of Alfa Romeo, one of the major protagonists in Formula 1 history, is expected to contribute significantly to the appeal and future development of the sport. Alfa Romeo brings with it technological know-how and a large and passionate fan base, while participation in the championship also offers benefits for the brand in areas such as technology transfer and road safety.
Alfa Romeo is known around the world for its racing heritage and technological excellence. The undisputed champion of the pre-war Grand Prix (in 1925, the GP Tipo 2 dominated the first World Championship), Alfa Romeo participated in Formula 1 from 1950 to 1988, both as a constructor and engine supplier. Immediately upon its debut,
Alfa Romeo won the first two drivers' world championships, in 1950 and 1951, with drivers Nino Farina and Juan Manuel Fangio. From 1961 to 1979, Alfa Romeo participated as engine supplier to several F1 teams. Following its return as a constructor in 1979, Alfa Romeo achieved its best result in 1983, taking sixth place in the constructors' championship. More than 30 years after withdrawing as a competitor from Formula 1 (1985), the brand is returning with the clear intention to make its mark.
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PROSPER ESTRADE
ROBERTSVILLE STORE
Bio-Sawyers
SURNAMES: LANZ, PFEIFFER
PROSPER ESTRADE.--Amoung the settlers of the later '60's in Santa Clara County who had much to do in the development of property from grain and hay fields to vineyards and orchards was the late Prosper Estrade, an industrious and enterprising citizen. He was born at Barat Chien Dessus, Haute Garonne, France, February 12, 1851, and grew to young manhood and received his education in his native district. When he was sixteen years old he left his own country and made his way to America and California, settling in Santa Clara County in 1867. Upon his arrival here he had just forty dollars to his name, and to avoid having it stolen, gave it to one of his countrymen to keep for him, and for two years he was employed as a ranch hand; at the same time he learned the ways of the New World and saved his money, so that he was able to buy four horses and a wagon and then began to take contracts to supply the Almaden mines with timber. This he would hire cut and then would haul it during the winter months, while in the summer he worked the Almaden ranch of 700 acres, where he raised hay and grain. He added to his stock until he had fourteen head of horses for teaming and ranching.
In 1882 Mr. Estrade was able to buy seventy-six acres of land near the Masson ranch, and at once started in to improve it, setting out an orchard and a vineyard of wine grapes and in time he became a large manufacturer of wine, averaging 250,000 gallons each year, which he sold in San Francisco. He kept five or six men busy the year 'round and superintended the work in person. He also became the owner of eight acres at Robertsville, on the Almaden Road and Branham Lane, and erected the store building and carried on the business for several years, at the same time living on the property. This property was sold by Mrs. Estrade in 1919 to E. H. Muller who succeeded to the business in 1913. In 1902 Mr. Estrade was taken ill and from that date until his death, on September 11, 1916, was unable to take an active part in conducting his business, although he still directed his ranch and wine-making affairs.
On November 16, 1880, Prosper Estrade and Miss Lizzie Lanz were married. She was born at Strasburg, Stark County, Ohio, and came with her parents to California in 1876 and located in San Jose. There were four children born of this union; Mary, Mrs. F. N. Pfeiffer, of San Francisco; Frank P. Estrade has two daughters, Esther and Mildred; Lillie died at the age of three and one-half years; Edward A. Estrade lives on the home ranch and is the father of two sons, Melvin and Eugene. Mr. Estrade was a Republican and an Odd Fellow and liberally supported all projects for the good of the county. Since the passing of Mr. Estrade his wife has managed the ranch so efficiently that she is assured of a good income each season. She is a Republican in her political affiliations, and is interested in all that pertains to the general advancement of the welfare of the community.
Transcribed by Joseph Kral, from Eugene T. Sawyers' History of Santa Clara County,California, published by Historic Record Co. , 1922. page 1308
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Volvo Cars expands global manufacturing footprint with first US factory
Volvo Cars, the premium car maker, today inaugurates its first US manufacturing plant, in Charleston, South Carolina, establishing the company as a truly global car manufacturer with plants in all three major sales regions.
The establishment of a state-of-the-art production facility in South Carolina follows Volvo Cars’ global manufacturing strategy, ‘Build where you sell.’
The company’s first US facility complements its two manufacturing plants and an engine plant in Europe, three car factories and an engine plant in China, and assembly plants in India and Malaysia.
The Charleston plant starts production of the new Volvo S60 premium mid-size sports sedan, based on the company’s Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) platform, in the fall of 2018. From 2021, the factory will also build the next generation of the Volvo XC90 large premium SUV. Cars built at the plant are destined both for the domestic US market and international export.
“The Charleston plant establishes the US as our third home market,” said Håkan Samuelsson, president and chief executive of Volvo Cars. “The sedan segment and the SPA platform’s proven ability to boost profitability offer significant growth opportunities for Volvo Cars in the US and globally.”
Volvo Cars is investing around USD 1.1 billion in its US manufacturing operations and will create around 4,000 new jobs at the Charleston site over the coming years. Approximately 1,500 staff will be employed by the end of this year.
“The opening of our first American factory is a very big deal,” said Anders Gustafsson, president and CEO of Volvo Car USA. “Our US business is developing well, our cars have won prestigious awards, and the new South Carolina facility will be a big asset to both Volvo Cars and the community.”
The new Charleston facility includes an office building for up to 300 staff from R&D, purchasing, quality and sales. The plant can produce 150,000 cars per year at full capacity. The site occupies 1,600 acres and the building space covers 2.3 million square feet. Construction on the facility broke ground in 2015.
The company will build plug-in hybrid cars at all of its car plants globally. In 2017 Volvo Cars was the first global car maker to announce its strategy that from 2019 all new models will be electrified.
For the 2017 financial year, Volvo Car Group recorded an operating profit of 14,061 MSEK (11,014 MSEK in 2016). Revenue over the period amounted to 210,912 MSEK (180,902 MSEK). For the full year 2017, global sales reached a record 571,577 cars, an increase of 7.0 per cent versus 2016. The results underline the comprehensive transformation of Volvo Cars’ finances and operations in recent years, positioning the company for its next growth phase.
Volvo has been in operation since 1927. Today, Volvo Cars is one of the most well-known and respected car brands in the world with sales of 571,577 cars in 2017 in about 100 countries. Volvo Cars has been under the
ownership of the Zhejiang Geely Holding (Geely Holding) of China since 2010. It formed part of the Swedish Volvo Group until 1999, when the company was bought by Ford Motor Company of the US. In 2010, Volvo Cars was acquired by Geely Holding.
In 2017, Volvo Cars employed on average approximately 38,000 (30,400) full-time employees. Volvo Cars head office, product development, marketing and administration functions are mainly located in Gothenburg, Sweden. Volvo Cars head office for China is located in Shanghai. The company’s main car production plants are located in Gothenburg (Sweden), Ghent (Belgium), Chengdu and Daqing (China), while engines are manufactured in Skövde (Sweden) and Zhangjiakou (China) and body components in Olofström (Sweden).
Facilities, Mission, Historical, Manufacturing, S60, 2019
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Mark Wahl
A singer-songwriter, guitarist, and luthier. Mark has been around the local acoustic music scene for decades and is known by many as the director of the Ontario Center for Performing Arts (“the Oswego Music Hall”), a 200 seat noprofit venue on the shore of Lake Ontario promoting acoustic music.
A graduate of the State University of New York College at Oswego, Mark retired from his business in design and general contracting to direct his full energies to his music, the Oswego Music Hall, and his luthierie shop where he produces and repairs fine acoustic instruments.
Mark’s songs are often poignant vignettes with powerful use of metaphor and simple, compelling melodies. Mark's 2018 CD release “Circadia” was nominated for best Album in the “Americana” category of the SAMMYs (Syracuse Area Music Awards). Mark’s popular 2013 CD “Everything Returns” was recorded with his trio “Canvas Moon”.
Mark has performed with Loren Barrigar, Mark Mazengarb, Colleen Kateau, Jeff Haines, Tom Paxton, Austin MacRae, Cam Caruso, John McConnell, David Tamulevich, Larry Kyle, Gina Holsopple, JoAnne Sherwood, Denise Knight, R.J.Bracchitta, Joshua Garcia, Tim Burns, Mike Powell, Elsa Kennedy, and many other upstate New York songwriters. He has opened in 2018 for Aztec Two Step & for Dana Fuchs and Loren Barrigar.
This summer you will find him at the Falcon Ridge & Old Songs Festivals, and at the Northeast Folk Alliance Conference in November.
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A Strong Wind
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky
Period 1850-1900, 19th century
Origin Crimea
Medium Pencil, Gouache on paper
Dimensions 23 x 32.7 cm (9 x 12⁷/₈ inches)
Gallery Sphinx Fine Art
A Strong Wind (1874) and Shipwreck (1856) both reflect Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky’s remarkable ability to capture the changing moods of the sea. Aivazovsky’s truth to nature amazed his contemporaries, particularly his ability to convey the effect of moving water and of reflected sun and moonlight. It was this accurate, but at the same time, highly charged and dramatic portrayal of the sea which brought the artist his great success. Aivazovsky’s work is famous for the depiction of water in all states and in these two works he shows nature as powerful and threatening.
In A Strong Wind the scene is one of violence, of the potential power and danger of the sea. Despite the apparent calm of the water, the darkened sky and faint outline of the ship foretells a storm. A barrel floats in the foreground, a fragment of human existence already being swallowed by the water. The barrel’s presence in the picture seems to underline the fragility of the crew, aboard their temporary residence floating on the waves. Both this work and Shipwreck are executed with a combination of pencil and gouache on paper. The result it one of muted colour, where the foam of the sea is in strong contrast to the brittle lines of the ships, drawn in pencil. The fusion serves to enhance the depth of the water and the potential weakness of the man-made framework of the ships.
Shipwreck uses a similar technique to A Strong Wind, but departs from the mere potential tempest of the latter, and throws the viewer directly into a full storm. On a compositional diagonal, the ship is in an even more precarious position, and this time a jutting cliff offers the worst fear: rocks against which the wooden structure would be powerless. The atmosphere is more sinister, and the survivors are still in peril.
Aivazovsky returned to the subject of stormy seas frequently throughout his career, and the Hermitage’s Ship in the Stormy Sea is a comparable example. Like the present works, the ship is leaning at an angle, buffeted by the waves, fighting against the power of the elements. As in A Strong Wind the darkness of the horizon suggests that the weather is going to worsen even further. In both the present works and the Hermitage’s painting we also see Aivazovsky’s peerless ability to portray water. As Gianni Caffiero and Ivan Samarine have stated, ‘The transparency and sense of depth Aivazovsky achieves in the depiction of waves is one of the painter’s most distinguishing features.’¹
Aivazovsky’s success was well earned, for no other artist managed to capture with such brilliance, conviction and apparent ease what was the most difficult of subjects for the painter, that of the changing moods of the sea. He was a professional marine painter who spent much time by the sea and loved it sincerely. When Aivazovsky began his career, Russian art was still dominated by Romanticism and it was the romantic mood which set the terms for Russian landscape painting in the second half of the nineteenth century. It is scarcely surprising then to discover romantic elements both in Aivazovsky’s early work, and in the majority of his later ones. One reflection of this is his choice of subjects: again and again we find him depicting shipwrecks, raging sea battles and storms.
The great success of Karl Pavlovich Bryullov’s picture The Last Day of Pompeii made a lasting impression on Aivazovsky; it represented the victory of the Romantic school in Russian painting. Both the picture and Bryullov himself played an important part in stimulating Aivazovsky’s own creative development. Furthermore, Aivazovsky was brought up in the romantic spirit by his teacher in the Academy landscape class, Maxim Nikiforovich Vorobiev (1787-1855). In general Russian art of the first half of the nineteenth century combined Romanticism with Realism and very often both principles found expression in an artist’s works.
Aivazovsky attended the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1833. In October 1837 he completed his studies there and received a gold medal, which entitled him to a prolonged course of study abroad at the expense of the Academy. To begin with, the artist was sent to the Crimea for two summers, where he was to perfect his skills in his chosen genre by painting views of the coastal towns, while sending his pictures each year back to the Academy.
In the Crimea, Aivazovsky had the chance to return to his favourite themes: the sea and shipwrecks. The commander of the Caucasus coast line, General N. N. Rayevsky, suggested to Aivazovsky that he take part in the exercises of the Black Sea fleet. In 1839 Aivazovsky went to sea three times; during these voyages he painted a great deal from nature, and made the acquaintance of several admirals including M. Lazarev and V. Kornilov.
Aivazovsky was admired throughout Europe, and in 1842 J. M. W. Turner (1775-1851) was so struck by Aivazovsky’s picture The Bay of Naples on a Moonlit Night that he dedicated a rhymed eulogy in Italian to Aivazovsky:
In this your picture
Of a mighty king!
I see the moon, all gold and silver.
Forgive me if I err, great artist,
Reflected in the sea below...
Your picture has entranced me so,
And on the surface of the sea
Reality and art are one,
There plays a breeze which leaves a trail
And I am all amazement.
Of trembling ripples, like a shower
So noble, powerful is the art
Of fiery sparks or else the gleaming headdress
That only genius could inspire!
Aivazovsky enjoyed equal success when he brought his pictures to Paris in 1842, having been granted permission from the Academy. The Council of the Paris Academy awarded him first their gold medal, then, in 1857, the Legion of Honour, which was an order rarely conferred on foreigners. Horace Vernet (1789-1863), the well known French battle painter, told Aivazovsky that his talent was a credit to his native land.
In 1844 Aivazovsky asked permission to return home prematurely from his European tour and he set off for Russia via Holland. In Amsterdam he organized an exhibition of his pictures; it was a great success and the Amsterdam Academy honoured him with the title of Academician. On his return to St. Petersburg the Council of the Academy also bestowed on him the title of Academician and by the Tsar’s edict he was attached to the Chief Naval Staff with the title of ‘Painter to the Staff’ and had the right to wear the uniform of the naval ministry.
The years of 1846 to 1848 witness a series of outstanding canvases devoted to battles at sea, all based on the heroic past of the Russian fleet, for example The Battle of Chesme, which depicts a sea battle at night. The defeated Turkish fleet set alight by a Russian fire-ship is an unusually impressive spectacle, where Aivazovsky’s mastery of light effects reaches its full potential Aivazovsky maintained his capacity for work, his energy and lively creative intelligence until the very end of his life. In all he realised over 6,000 paintings and a multitude of skilfully executed drawings, of which Shipwreck and A Strong Wind are excellent examples.
¹ Caffiero, G. & Samarine, I., Seas, Cities and Dreams: The Paintings of Ivan Aivazovsky (Alexandria Press, London, 2000), p. 109.
Period: 1850-1900, 19th century
Origin: Crimea
Medium: Pencil, Gouache on paper
Signature: Signed and dated ‘Aivasovsky 1856’ (lower right).
Dimensions: 23 x 32.7 cm (9 x 12⁷/₈ inches)
Categories: Paintings, Drawings & Prints
Sphinx Fine Art
Old Master & Russian Paintings
A Ukrainian Peasant Girl
Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky (Moscow, 1846 - St. Petersburg, 1920)
Portrait of an Arab
Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky (Moscow, 1839 - St. Petersburg, 1915)
A Torrent in a Scandinavian Landscape, a House Beyond
Salomon Rombouts (Harlem, active1652 - Florence, 1710)
A Wooded Landscape with an Oak
John Crome (Norwich, 1768 - Norwich, 1821)
Still Life of Grapes, Melons, Peaches, Plums and other Fruit with Morning Glory and Shafts of Wheat in a Stone Niche, with a Bunch of Grapes and Medlars Hanging Above
Coenraet Roepel (The Hague, 1678 - The Hague, 1748)
Caucasian Caravan
Richard Karlovich Zommer (Munich, 1866 - Russia, 1939)
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Congratulations Prince Harry and Meghan Markle
Clarence House has tonight announced the engagement of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle have announced their wedding date. The couple will marry at St.George’s Chaple at Windsor Castle on Saturday May 19 2018.
The couple have chosen to marry at Windsor castle, west of London, because it is “a special place for them”.
Markle will be baptised into the Church of England and become a British citizen before the wedding. Raised in the United States as a Protestant, Markle attended Catholic school as a child. She will retain her U.S citizenship while she goes through the process.
The couple officially announced their engagement via Clarence House. The statement said: “His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales is delighted to announce the engagement of Prince Harry to Ms Meghan Markle. The wedding will take place in spring 2018. Further details about the wedding day will be announced in due course.
“His Royal Highness and Ms Markle became engaged in London earlier this month. Prince Harry has informed Her Majesty The Queen and other close members of his family. Prince Harry has also sought and received the blessing of Ms Markle’s parents.
The prince, fifth in line to the throne, will marry Ms Markle next spring and will live at Nottingham Cottage at Kensington Palace in London.
The couple, who have been dating since 2016, got engaged in early November.
In a statement, Prince Harry said he was “delighted to announce” the engagement and had received the blessing of Ms Markle’s parents.
The wedding date presents a potential conflict for Prince William, who is the president of the English Football Association. May 19 is the date of the final game for the season, one of the biggest English soccer games of the year.
Is Meghan Markle’s Latest Wedding Gift The Strangest Yet?
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Meghan Markle and Prince Harry’s Royal Romance
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Is Meghan Markle Using Amal Clooney’s Hair Stylist For Her Wedding?
Celebrity friends Meghan Markle and Amal Clooney are both...
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Meghan Markle and Prince Harry’s Wedding Cake Has a Kiwi Touch
Turns out there will be a special New Zealand element to...
Turns out there will be a special New Zealand element to... more
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General Discussion archive (read-only)
General Discussion 1999-2009 archive (read-only)
General Discussion archive 2002 (read-only)
Morrissey Cancels US Tour?
Thread starter Melissa
Spin Fax Music Today
Wednesday July 31, 2002
TODAY’S TOP STORIES – Sum 41, Feeder, The Doves
Morrissey Cancels Tour
Former Smiths frontman Morissey has canceled his current tour for an indefinite period of time. No word on why the artist decided to cancel the tour, but rumors are swirling that he may actually be working on another album. Morrissey has not released an album since the 1997 effort, “Maladjusted.”
Sum’s Double Project
Sum 41 are releasing two albums in November, their follow-up to “All Killer, No Filler” and an EP performed by their alter ego, Pain for Pleasure. “A lot of the things that people don’t understand is that Pain for Pleasure and Sum 41 are two different groups,” said Sum 41 singer Deryck Whibley to MTV. “And they hate each other.” The hate obviously doesn’t go that deep since Pain for Pleasure is basically all the members from Sum 41 doing riffs on 1980s heavy metal. Drummer Steve Jocz is the lyricist for Pain, with Sum guitarist Dave Baksh dubbing himself Pleasure, the composer of the band. Whibley and Sum bassist Cone McCaslin are described by Jocz as the “hired guns” of the group. Sum 41 plan on finishing both albums in Toronto before they perform at the U.K. for the Reading and Leeds festivals (August 23-25).
Feeder’s Inspiration
Feeder’s upcoming album, “Comfort In Sound,” is influenced by the suicide of drummer Jon Lee. The project features the single “Come Back Around,” which contains the lyrics: “We suffer the breaks/You know/ still remember it / It keeps burning away / I know you may take a while / To come back around…I miss you around.” The 33-year-old Lee hanged himself from his Miami garage on January 7. Other songs on the album, which streets September 30, include “Forget About Tomorrow,” “Helium,” “Find The Colour,” “Just The Way I’m Feeling,” “Godzilla,” and “Child In You.”
The Doves, Bowie, Among Mercury Nods
This year’s Mercury Music Prize nominations features artists who aren’t exactly household names in the U.S. The Doves and David Bowie are the best known artists of the bunch. The 12 artists who are nominated for the Mercury Music Prize are: Beverly Knight (“Who I Am”), The Bees (“Sunshine, Hit Me”), The Coral (“The Coral”), David Bowie (“Heathen”), The Doves (“The Last Broadcast”), The Electric Soft Parade (“Holes In The Wall”), Gemma Hayes (“Night on My Side”), Guy Barker (“Soundtrack”), Joanna MacGregor (“Play”), Ms. Dynamite (“Run Come Save Me”), The Streets (“Original Pirate Musical”). Past winners include P.J. Harvey (2001), Badly Drawn Boy (2000) and Gomez (1998).
MORE TODAY’S TOP STORIES – Filter, U2, No Doubt, David Bowie
Take A Schizophrenic Picture for Filter
Filter frontman Richard Patrick is not bothered if people are caught off guard by the diverse musical stylings of the band’s album “The Amalgamut.” “It’s about individuality and freedom and being able to do whatever the f**k you want regardless of how different it is from what everyone else is doing,” said Patrick to MTV. “When we were working on this record, I noticed how amazing it is that people can blend in so well in one culture, and I realized how much I love this country.” Tracks on the album include “You Walk Away,” the rock-driven “American Cliché,” the industrial track “Columind,” and the catchy first single “Where Do We Go From Here.” “It’s all about creating a great big melting pot,” said Patrick, who says the album’s variety helped him appreciate America’s inherent diversity. “And I think that’s what America is all about. Especially here in southern California, you can’t tell what (ethnicity) people are. You can’t go, ‘oh, that’s a black guy, this is a white guy.’ Of course, there’s black and white buys, but there are so many diverse, incredibly unique people all over this country because of the melting pot idea.” Guitarist Geno Lenardo was more succinct with his thoughts, saying The Amalgamut (released just this week) “is the best s**t we’ve ever done.”
U2 Gets “Electric”
U2 will release their new single “Electric Storm” on October 21, and it will be among the tracks on the November release of their “Best Of” compilation. No word on what the other new song on the Best Of album will be, although the group have been previewing parts of the song “The Hands That Built America,” which is featured on the Leonardo DiCaprio flick “Gangs of New York.” Fans can check out The Hands That Built America on the band’s official web site. The 17-track album hits stores November 18, and a DVD of U2’s most popular hits comes out in December.
Bowie The Pessimist
Although he is one of music’s more visionary artists, David Bowie is a bit existential when it comes to the future of mankind. “I’ve always been like that, I’m very negative,” said Bowie to Jam! Music. “I really don’t mean to be but I’m not totally at one with the idea of progress or evolution. I think those things are structures that we’ve created to enable us to survive in case there is no reason for us being.” Bowie, who lives near his Area2 tour mate Moby in downtown Manhattan, says there is now a “look behind everybody’s eyes” in New York City. “I think we just kind of give ourselves that impression with technology,” said Bowie. “I don’t think we, as a species, actually evolve at all, I think we’re as cruel and as awful as we were 10,000 years ago.”
Distillers Join No Doubt, Garbage
Los Angeles punk band the Distillers will open up the No Doubt/Garbage tour. The group is lead by Brody Armstrong, the wife of Rancid member Tim Armstrong. No Doubt will also spend October 12 and 18 opening up for The Rolling Stones, at Detroit’s Ford Field and at the Toronto Skydome respectively.
MORE TODAY’S TOP STORIES – Garageland, Sloan, Slipknot
A New Waltz For Garageland
New Zealand band Garageland will release their third album “Scorpio Righting” on October 15. The album, recorded at Kare Kare Studios (which rests on the New Zealand beach that was the setting for the movie The Piano), was actually inspired by the Martin Scorsese movie The Last Waltz, a movie that chronicled the waning days of The Band. “This album is exploring other sides of our record collection,” said singer-songwriter Jeremy Eade. “This is a pure album; the lyrics, melodies and singing are my best yet. I want to write music for true music lovers.”
No Fruity Songs For Sloan
Canadian rock band Sloan are currently recording demos for their next studio album, which has a tentative release date of next spring. Frontman Jay Ferguson says the new effort will have “less of the fruity acoustic songs,” but adding “we’re not going to turn into Korn or anything like that.” The group, formed back in 1991, have proven that they could delve into pop, cover acoustic ballads, and play rock-driven material. Even with their artistic growth, Sloan still won’t ask for an excess of collaborators, a trait that afflicts many bands. “We’re xenophobic,” said Ferguson to MTV. “We don’t want anybody in our inner circle. I think there’s enough ideas and enough stuff going on in our own band.”
Slipknot’s Next Crazy Venture
Rock act Slipknot have never been a group to mince their words, and drummer Joey Jordinson spoke to Rolling Stone about their planned follow-up to last year’s platinum selling Iowa. “It’s pretty f**king brutal still,” said Jordinson, who says some of the tracks left off the last album can be found on their next effort. “Slipknot has the Slayer
mentality: You know exactly what you’re getting into when you buy our f**king record.” Jordinson was a bit vague when asked to address rumors that the band’s next album will be their final output. “The thing with this band is it’s so extreme and it’s so special and it’s something you can’t keep recreating over and over,” said the drummer. “We’re not a formulated band. We have our certain thing that we do. Each album is a progression from the last. Something’s heavier, or there’s something a little more twisted or atmospheric about the new one than the last. But there’s gonna be a limit to how far we can go with it. It might be two more albums, maybe three, maybe one, I don’t know.” Fans of the band can also look forward to a fall release of a DVD that features all of their music videos as well as their Wembley Arena (London) performance last February.
Breaking Up, or Not Breaking Up Is Hard To Do
Foo Fighters’ Dave Grohl has made it clear that the band was never going to split up, even though he’s worked with Queens of the Stone Age. However, Grohl admitted to NME.com that the band did have problems when they started recording in the studio last October, after drummer Taylor Hawkins was hospitalized for “overindulgence.” “After that went down it scared the s**t out of everybody and we thought ‘Let’s stop for a while’,” said Grohl. “Then we thought the one thing that could heal us was working on the record and honestly, I don’t think we were ready to go in yet. After two and a half months of recording, it became a chore. We didn’t feel like the luckiest people in the world like usual.” Now the time off has paid for the group as Grohl says their upcoming album “1 X 1” is “ten times better than it was six months ago.” The group’s fourth album comes out October 22.
MORE TODAY’S TOP STORIES – Nickelback, Unwritten Law, Paul McCartney
Quick Stuff
· Paul McCartney is headed to the White House. The former Beatle, along with Elizabeth Taylor, James Earl Jones, Chita Rivera, and James Levine will be received by President George W. Bush and first lady Laura Bush at the White House on December 8. After the gathering, the honorees will attend a ceremony at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. “The Honors recipients are recognized for their lifetime contributions to American culture through the performing arts,” reads a statement issued by the Kennedy Center on Tuesday. · KISS member Gene Simmons has shot down reports that the group will tour this fall. “(This is yet) another example and proof positive why I hate the internet,” said Simmons on the band’s official web site. · The Breeders musicians Kim and Kelly Deal make cameo appearances on the upcoming season of Buffy The Vampire Slayer. The group’s version of the Buffy theme song was part of their tour set this year. “The band have always acknowledged they watch too much TV, and the upshot of covering the Buffy theme is that the producer, a long time Breeders fan, is working on getting Kim and Kelley into an episode in the next series,” said the group’s spokesperson to NME.com. The “Buffy Theme” is featured as one of the extra tracks on the group’s upcoming single “Son of Three,” which is on their latest album, “Title TK.” · Aerosmith drummer Joey Krammer would entertain a possible solo record if his hectic schedule actually died down. “If I was to do a (solo) record, I would probably have to do it all the way and put a band together,” said Kramer to Rockdaily.com. “Sure, it’s something that I could see myself doing down the life…by the time you spend the amount of time that we do on the road, doing the amount of shows that we do, by the time we’re done, I want to be off and I want to be with my family and I want to be with my wife.” · The group Eyes Adrift, which consists of ex-Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic, ex-Meat Puppets singer-guitarist Curtis Kirkwood, and Long Beach Dub Allstars drummer Bud Gaugh, will release their album September 24. The band are planning a tour starting October. · Bon Jovi are among the celebs who will perform a September 5 concert at Times Square to celebrate the NFL season and honor the city. The 90-minute program, which starts at 3:30 p.m., will also include performances from Enrique Iglesias and DJ Skribble. Bon Jovi’s next album, “Bounce,” hits stores October 8. The rock group, after their Times Square gig, will be flown to Giants Stadium to play during halftime. · Nickelback, Unwritten Law, Default, Stone Temple Pilots, Live, Sevendust, Bad Religion, and Social Distortion are among the groups who will perform at San Diego, Ca.’s Street Scene 2002 music festival September 6-8. Over 80 acts are scheduled to perform during the three-day festival.
Celeb Stuff
· Actress Lolita Davidovich (Blaze, Play It To The Bone) has signed on to star in five episodes of next season’s The Agency. Davidovich plays FBI agent Avery Poole, a CIA liaison who may have had an affair with CIA director Tom Gage (Beau Bridges). The CBS series’ second season premieres September 28 at 10 pm et/pt). · Shakira and Sean “P. Diddy” Combs have been added to the list of performers at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards. The program, which takes place August 29 at New York’s Radio City Music hall, will feature performances from Eminem, Pink, and Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. · The people have spoken, and Robert Downey Jr. is the man to replace Rob Lowe on The West Wing. A USA Today online poll shows that Downey Jr. and Benjamin Bratt were the dream choices to be added on the show, with Downey Jr. receiving 34% of the vote. · Want to smell like Celine Dion?? The pop singer is developing her own fragrance with Coty Inc., and the perfume should hit stores by early next year. Dion isn’t the only celeb to get her own scent. Jennifer Lopez, Michael Jordan, Elizabeth Taylor, and Isabella Rossellini are among the other celebs who have dipped their hands in the perfume industry.
SOUND BITES – Foo Fighters, Feeder, Sum 41
1. The Foo Fighters drummer Dave Grohl talks about the creative foundation of the band. incue – Most bands
outcue – go through :36
2. Feeder member Grant Nicholas talks about promoting the album Portugal. incue – Oh Portugal outcue – an eye opener :30
3. Sum 41 singer Deryck Whibley and bassist Cone McCaslin talk about how the band create their music. Incue – Well Derek
Outcue – it’s my song, yeah :16
4. Here is today’s HBO Dennis Miller Live produced comedy promo: incue – Last week outcue – only on HBO :73
5. Dennis Miller talks about Jimmy Carter and Paris.
incue – let’s see
outcue – my vacation :56
ON THE BUS artists on tour – Nickelback
9/5 Blackfoot, ID Eastern Idaho State Fair
9/6 Salt Lake City, UT Utah State Fair
9/7 Fontana, CA California Speedway
9/8 San Diego, CA Street Scene 2002
9/12 Kearney, NE Buffalo County Fairgrounds
9/13 Wayne, IN Allen County War Memorial Coliseum
9/14 Sioux Falls, SD WH Lyons Fairgrounds
9/15 Fort Laud, FL Lockhart Stadium
TUNED IN who’s on the tube – Jewel, Alanis Morissette
Rosie – Kelsey Grammer, Jeff Probst and singer Alanis Morissette.
David Letterman – Joaquin Phoenix (Signs). Musical guest is Little Richard.
Jay Leno – Mel Gibson and political commentator Jim Cramer. Musical guest is Duncan Sheik.
Craig Kilborn – David Hyde Pierce (Full Frontal). Musical guest is Jewel.
Conan O’Brien – Ted Danson, Alex Kingston, and Zach Galifianakis.
Carson Daly – Janeane Garofalo and rapper Fat Joe. (Repeat 4/8/02)
Dana Carvey is interviewed on tonight’s Revealed with Jules Asner. (E!, 10 pm et/pt)
ON THIS DAY momentous events – Courtney Love, Bill Berry, Fatboy Slim
1976 - Blue Oyster Cult released the song “Don’t Fear The Reaper.”
1981 - Blondie’s Debbie Harry released her first solo album, “Koo Koo.”
1995 – Courtney Love walked out on a Pittsburgh concert mid-show after an audience member tossed a shotgun shell on stage.
Bill Berry - The former REM drummer is 46.
Daniel Ash - The Bauhaus/Love And Rockets/Tones On Tail guitarist is 45.
Norman Cook - The former Housemartins bassist who went on to find success as DJ Fatboy Slim is 39.
Wesley Snipes - The actor (Art Of War, Passenger 57, White Men Can’t Jump, Blade, Blade 2) is 40.
Dean Cain - The actor (TV’s Ripley’s Believe Or Not, Lois & Clark) is 36.
Loren Dean - The actor (Mumford, Billy Bathgate, Gattaca, Plain Clothes, Mrs. Winterbourne, Say Anything) is 33.
Some Totally Random Moz Fan
Oh For F*ck's Sake, Please Don't Be True!!
let's keep our finger's crossed...
otherwise, we'll all just have to Stretch Out And Wait
> Spin Fax Music Today
Could you send the link? I'm not really buying this at the moment, seeing as his name is missing an 'r' in the body of the article. This spin fax music today doesn't come up when I put it in search engines. If it's fake, nice try. I hope you don't have a link, come to think of it. Can't take more of these schedule changes.
Spanglemaker
> Could you send the link? I'm not really buying this at the moment, seeing
> as his name is missing an 'r' in the body of the article. This spin fax
> music today doesn't come up when I put it in search engines. If it's fake,
> nice try. I hope you don't have a link, come to think of it. Can't take
> more of these schedule changes.
I just bought my tickets late tonight for the Seattle Show at the Paramount Theatre/Ballroom on Thursday, Aug. 22nd. If it had been cancelled today, I don't think Ticketmaster would've sold me tickets. Just a thought...
> Wednesday July 31, 2002
> TODAY’S TOP STORIES – Sum 41, Feeder, The Doves
> Morrissey Cancels Tour
> Former Smiths frontman Morissey has canceled his current tour for an
> indefinite period of time. No word on why the artist decided to cancel the
> tour, but rumors are swirling that he may actually be working on another
> album. Morrissey has not released an album since the 1997 effort,
> “Maladjusted.”
if this is true, why did he go through the trouble of rescheduling the dates????
are they sure they didn't misunderstand something about cancelling the first dates and thinking it was the entire tour?
i mean, i could understand playing the dates that were already scheduled because he might as well play them, and a few of them were very big headlining bits and worth the cashflow just to show up...
Bebe's Boobs
Very sensible, Suzanne. Yes.
> ????
> if this is true, why did he go through the trouble of rescheduling the
> dates????
> are they sure they didn't misunderstand something about cancelling the
> first dates and thinking it was the entire tour?
> i mean, i could understand playing the dates that were already scheduled
> because he might as well play them, and a few of them were very big
> headlining bits and worth the cashflow just to show up...
> *sigh*
wupermacki
It's probably bull.
If he really does, then screw him.
Early Smiths influences in the Soviet Union – Кино́
Noel Gallagher on Smiths for Sirius Radio Show
terrancestamp
Bowie RSD double CD "I'm Only Dancing (The Soul Tour 74)''
The Telegraph: "Stephen Street on falling out with Morrissey, the Britpop wars and getting Pete Doherty to behave" (December 15, 2020)
Most overrated band/singers?
Silent Reader
MrShoes
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Local Artist Andy Kitson's latest venture - 'Cats in Space' are a band formed in 2015 in a classic rock style, with quite a pedigree. Their members who are based in the South have been in groups such as T'Pau, 10cc, Bad Company, The Sweet, Ian Gillan Band, Robin Trower and Asia. I have known their guitarist, song writer and founder Greg Hart since 2002. He is an artist too and he asked if I would like to paint their album covers, released on vinyl as well as CD and to download. So far I have painted covers for their albums 'Scarecrow' (2017), 'Daytrip to Narnia'(2019) and a Christmas painting for their new single out Dec 6th 'My Kind of Christmas'. The painting has been used for a 12in picture disc vinyl, depicting a 1970s Christmas of old, with Eric & Ernie on the TV, Subbuteo and a train set. Cats in Space are playing at Epic Studios in Norwich on Wednesday December 18th on their Narnia Christmas tour!
Perhaps some readers would like to come and check them out, supported by the Rebecca Downes band.
Here is the 'My Kind of Christmas' song video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3PsPK0xrg8
And here a video of my Cats in Space gallery at one of their concerts:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1p8y0JuBCk
Local Artist Brings the Beach to Mulbarton
Thanks to many hours of voluntary work in the evenings by local artist Andrew Kitson the children of Mulbarton now have a view of the seaside in place of the unsightly block wall that creates the barbecue outside the Village Hall and Social Club in the children's play area.
Andrew Kitson is well known for his amazing Formula 1 paintings and also has the accolade of having been Britain's F1 Driver Lewis Hamilton’s Official Artist.
Click on link to see a 5 min film clip about Andrew's paintings and passion for motor sport
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWUmQlNdGlE
Andrew Kitson said
"Our village hall and social club in Mulbarton has a children's play area alongside the adjoining social club. For years it has had an unloved breeze block brick BBQ, used quite often in the summer but an absolute eyesore...so I brightened it up a bit for the kids that use the park."
Many thanks Andrew, I hope you've signed the wall !
See the Before and After Pictures Below
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Noli IP Solutions PC
Trade Secret
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U.S. Counsel Required for all U.S. Filings
All trademark applicants whose permanent legal residence or principal place of business is not within the United States or its territories must be represented by a U.S.-licensed attorney at the USPTO.
Earlier this year, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued amended Rules 2.2(o) and 2.11(a), which require all applicants whose permanent legal residence or principal place of business is not within the United States or its territories to be represented by a U.S.-licensed attorney at the USPTO. 37 C.F.R. §§2.2(o), 2.11(a).
Further, the Office issued amended Rules 2.22(a)(21) and 2.32(a)(4), which require a U.S. attorney to provide his or her bar information as a requirement for a TEAS Plus application or a complete trademark application. 37 C.F.R. §2.22(a)(21), 2.32(a)(4). Moreover, amended Rule 2.17(b)(3) makes the requirement for bar information and an attestation statement of good standing applicable to recognized attorneys in all trademark filings. 37 C.F.R. §2.17(b)(3).
In light of the new rules, we would like to remind you that our attorneys can help you with the filing of new trademark applications as well as with the preparation and filing of responses and arguments to office actions issued by the examiners in pending applications.
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School Section > School Programs > Grade 5 >
The Persecutor Comes Home - Story of Umar
Khurram Murad
Author: Khurram Murad
Islamic Foundation
Publisher: Islamic Foundation
Ages: 9 - 12 Years
The Persecutor Comes Home - Story of Umar tells of the conversion to Islam of one of the most famous Companions of the blessed Prophet (s).
Umar, a man of strong will and character, was curious about the faith of Islam, yet he was furious when he found out that members of his family, particularly his sister, Fatimah, had joined the faith.
In great anger, Umar proceeded to his sister's house where a scuffle took place.
But when Umar realized that Fatimah was not prepared to give up her new faith and he reflected upon the wisdom of the new verses of the Qur'an which she had given him, his heart mellowed and he left in search of the blessed Prophet (s), from whom he accepted Islam. This book is intended for 11-14 year olds.
Current Publishing Date:
Theme: History & Biography
Noorart Code: BKPCHHC
Muslims Stories For Children - The Persecutor Comes Home, The Brave Boy: CD 3 (Audio CD)
Muslim Stories for Children is a series of CDs offering the young something rare in the reading and listening material available to children nowadays.
MUSLIM STORIES FOR CHILDREN is a series of CDs offering the young something rare in the reading and listening material available to children nowadays. It aims to provide guidance to meaning in life, the development of a truly rounded personality and the sense of a life beyond this world. For a Muslim child, especially, these stories strengthen the faith, identity with Islam and an active commitment to it. The stories are written, narrated, and produced so as to appeal to a child's natural curiosity, to hold his or her attention, and to increase them in knowledge. 1.The Persecutor Comes Home: Story of Umar. Khurram Murad Story of Umar tells of the conversion to Islam of one of the most famous Companions of the Blessed Prophet. Umar a man of strong will and character was curious about the faith of Islam, yet he was furious when he found out that member of his family, particularly his sister, Fatimah, had joined the faith. In great anger Umar proceeded to his sister's house where a scuffle took place. But when Umar realised that Fatimah was not prepared to give up her new faith and he reflected upon the wisdom of the verses of the Qur'an which she had given to him, his heart mellowed and he left in search of the Blessed Prophet, from whom he accepted Islam. 2.The Brave Boy. Khurram Murad and M. S. Kayani Contains seven stories about a young boy, Ali bin Abu Talib, cousin of the Blessed Prophet, who showed great courage and determination when he was 11 years old, in committing himself fully and unflinchingly to the faith and way of life that is Islam.
Ali Ibn Abi Talib
Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, was also one of the members of the Prophet's household.
Maria Khan
Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, was also one of the members of the Prophet's household. The Prophet took him into his care when he was only 5 years old and gave him an excellent upbringing. And from then onwards, he remained with the Prophet's daughter Fatima after the migration to Medinah. In fact, he was so close to the Prophet, that once the Prophet said to him, "You are of me and I of you." This closeness, however, entailed great responsibility along with constantly being tested with trying situations.
Abu Bakr As-Siddeeq: His Life & Times
This comprehensive study of the life of the first Rightly-Guided Caliph, based on the era immediately after the Prophet’s death, details the many challenges he faced as successor.
International Islamic Publishing House
Ali M. Sallabi
This comprehensive study of the life of the first Rightly-Guided Caliph, based on the era immediately after the Prophet’s death, details the many challenges he faced as successor. The methodology adopted by Abu Bakr to overcome obstacles and allow Islam to bask in everlasting glory holds many valuable lessons for the Muslims of today.
The Sahabiyat - The Female Companions of the Prophet's(s) Era
lives of some of the sahabiyat(female companions) of theprophet Muahmmad (saas).
Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd.
Jameelah Jones
This is a vivid description of the lives and achievements of eight of the Sahabiyat (female companions) during the time of the Prophet (SAAS). Their unwavering faith, courage, sacrifice and steadfastness should be an inspiration to us all especially for young Muslimahs. Recommended for ages 11 and over.
Call to Prayer The Story of Bilal
Beautifully narrated and illustrated in full color.
Edoardo Albert
This creative story details the interaction of a young and inquisitive boy who engages Bilal, the first Muezzin of Islam, in conversation about his call to prayer and his days with the Prophet Muhammad (s). Call to Prayer; Story of Bilal is beautifully narrated and illustrated in full color.
1001 Inventions & Awesome Facts from Muslim Civilization
This book takes the wining formula of facts, photos, and fun, and applies it to this companion book to the 1001 Inventions exhibit from the Foundation for Science, Technology, and Civilization.
We often think that people from a thousand years ago were living in the Dark Ages. But from the 7th century onward in Muslim civilization there were amazing advances and inventions that still influence our everyday lives. People living in the Muslim world saw what the Egyptians, Chinese, Indians, Greek, and Romans had discovered and spent the next one thousand years adding new developments and ideas. Inventors created marvels like the elephant water clock, explorers drew detailed maps of the world, women made scientific breakthroughs and founded universities, architects built huge domes larger than anywhere else on earth, astronomers mapped the stars and so much more! This book takes the wining formula of facts, photos, and fun, and applies it to this companion book to the 1001 Inventions exhibit from the Foundation for Science, Technology, and Civilization. Each page is packed with information on this little-known history, but also shows how it still applies to our world today.
Ibn Sina: A Concise Life
Ibn Sina, was a true polymath. his passion for knowledge was unbound, and he made lasting contributions to medicine, maths and philosophy.
Ibn Sina, who is referred to as Avicenna in Latin, was a true polymath. Born in the tenth Century his passion for knowledge was unbound, and he made lasting contributions to medicine, maths and philosophy.
He served under princes and kings (and fled from them too), wrote books of philosophy that are still argued over today and set down medical treatments that continue in use. As such, Ibn Sina is often referred to as the most brilliant Muslim thinker in Islam's Golden Age.
With illustrations, photographs, and maps, the rich and diverse world that produced Ibn Sina is vividly brought alive.
Ibn Sina was a doctor, philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, politician and vizier. He was also referred to as the 'Prince of Physicians'. And due to the scope and brilliance of his work he can be compared to the great Leonardo Da Vinci.
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Email : NevWHP@gmail.com - Phone: 775 - 786 - 2335
NWHP WOMEN OF ACHIEVEMENT
WOMEN IN NEVADA HISTORY:
An Annotated Bibliography
2nd Edition, 2018
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Home / RESEARCH CENTER / BIOGRAPHIES – ALPHABETICAL / Kathleen Murray (Sister M. Seraphine)
Kathleen Murray (Sister M. Seraphine)
Photo credit: Myrl Nygren Photo Collection
The information below has been compiled from a variety of sources. If the reader has access to information that can be documented and that will correct or add to this woman’s biographical information, please contact the Nevada Women’s History Project.
Born: December 13, 1891, Oakland, California
Died: May 18, 1987, San Rafael, California
Race/Nationality/Ethnic Background: Caucasian
Primary City and County of Residence and Work:
Reno, Nevada, San Rafael, California, Oakland, California
Major Fields of Work: hospital administration
Reno nun devoted her life to charity, medical care
Kathleen Murray was a teenager living in Oakland, California, when San Francisco was devastated by the earthquake and fire of 1906.
From this disaster, she learned charity when her family home became a place of refuge and safety for some of the victims.
Murray, who took the name Sister M. Seraphine when she entered the convent of the Catholic Dominican sisters in San Rafael, California, became known for that virtue of charity during her 34 years as administrator of Saint Mary’s Hospital, now Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center, in Reno.
Sister Seraphine was born Dec. 13, 1891, in Oakland to Rhody and Delia Kenny Murray. She was the third child in a family of nine boys and four girls. She attended Oakland schools, then Polytechnic Business College in Oakland. Although she was interested in nursing, she ended up working for a California vintner for six years.
But at age 26, her life took a different turn when she entered the Dominican convent in San Rafael, California. She spent her first years in the religious order first as a teacher, and then as the assistant business manager of the Dominican College. At age 39, while recovering from an attack of ulcers, Sister Seraphine was sent to Reno to take over Saint Mary’s Hospital.
Arriving in July 1931, she was terrified that she was not up to the responsibilities of the job.
“When I came, I had to do everything,” she said in a biography in the Healing Ministry of Catholic Health Care. “I kept the books and I relieved the switchboard operator for lunch.”
“I took care of purchasing… personnel… practically everything,” she said. “We were up at 5 o’clock in the morning. But it was just life and it was interesting, every minute of it, and very hard, and I was frightened to death.”
She successfully led the hospital through the Great Depression of the 1930s, but the stress brought on ulcer attacks. During one instance, she had her hospital bed moved to her office so she could work, according to a Reno Gazette-Journal story.
“It’s a great joy to know that work is not neglected,” she said of the experience.
During the winter of 1931-32, the hospital saw patients who were escaping the Dust Bowl, moving to California looking for work. Few could pay for care, but Sister Seraphine made sure that all were treated. She allowed patients to pay with sides of beef, chickens, produce or whatever they could bring in to barter, a 1999 Reno Gazette-Journal story said.
In 1932, she began her fight to have the hospital declared tax exempt. When a tax assessor told her he’d knock off a few thousand on the hospital’s tax evaluation, Sister Seraphine told off the assessor. The next year, the Nevada Legislature passed a bill making charitable organizations, such as the hospital, exempt from property tax.
Hospital expansions began in 1937, with Sister Seraphine at the helm. Among the projects were an east wing addition in 1937 and an expansion in 1948, west wing additions in 1953 and 1958, and the start of a five-story addition to the north side in 1966.
She was active in establishing the Saint Mary’s Guild in 1951. In 1977, on the occasion of the guild’s silver anniversary, member Mrs. William Edwards said Sister Seraphine was the key to the group’s success.
“No one ever could say no to Sister Seraphine,” Edwards said.
Sister Seraphine also founded the hospital’s cancer center and school of practical nursing. Over the years, she served on the State Advisory Hospital Council, the Orvis School of Nursing Board, the Governor’s Committee on Aging and was president of the Nevada Hospital Association from 1957 to 1958.
Over the years, Sister Seraphine was honored both locally and nationally for her work. She was named a Distinguished Nevadan in 1963. In 1964, the Nevada Hospital Association lauded her for her contributions to health care in the state. In 1969, U.S. Sen. Alan Bible of Nevada read a speech of recognition for her into the Congressional Record. President Richard Nixon sent a letter of congratulations on her Golden Jubilee with the Dominican order. In 1970, the southwestern region of the Soroptimist Federation of Americas named her a Woman of Achievement. And in 1971, she received the Brotherhood Award from the National Conference of Christians and Jews.
After her retirement in 1965, Sister Seraphine remained active on the hospital’s board of directors and as special funds administrator. In 1983, she returned to the San Rafael convent where she died on May 18, 1987 at age 95.
Researched by Patti Bernard and written by Susan Skorupa Mullen. Posted to website May 2018.
Lynn, Mary Frances. “Sister Mary Seraphine, O.P. Honored by Nevadans.” Nevada State Journal (Reno, Nevada), October 3, 1965. p. 18:1.
“Sister Seraphine Honored by National Recognition.” Saint Mary’s NewsBulletin, July-Aug 1969, p. 2.
“Longtime Saint Mary’s leader dies.” Reno Gazette-Journal (Reno, Nevada), May 20, 1987, p. 35:2.
“Sister Seraphine dedicated life to providing health care”. Reno Gazette-Journal (Reno, Nevada), August 2, 1987, p. 36:2.
Reno Gazette-Journal, Aug. 2, 1987
“People of the Century, Medical Pioneer Built Hospital Here.” Reno Gazette-Journal (Reno, Nevada), “October 31, 1999, p19:1.
Healing Ministry of Catholic Health Care
Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. [M. Seraphine M. Murray].
Year: 1900; Census Place: Fruitvale Precinct 2, Alameda, California; Page: 4; Enumeration District: 0323.
Year 1910; Census Place: Oakland Ward 7, Alameda, California; Roll: T624_71; Page: 12B; Enumeration District: 0024; FHL microfilm: 1374084. [Kathleen Murray].
Year: 1920; Census Place: Vallejo, Solano, California; Roll: T625_149; Page: 12B; Enumeration District 210. [Kathleen Murray].
Year: 1930; Census Place: San Rafael, Marin, California; Page: 9A; Enumeration District 0016. [Kathleen L. Murray].
Year 1940; Census Place: Reno, Washoe, Nevada; Roll m-t0627-02281; Enumeration District: 16-16. [Murray Sister M Seraphine Kathleen].
Nevada State Journal, Oct. 3, 1965
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New England Aviation History
from author and historian Jim Ignasher
Connecticut Aviation Accidents
Maine Aviation Accidents
Massachusetts Aviation Accidents
New Hampshire Aviation Accidents
Rhode Island Aviation Accidents
Vermont Aviation Accidents
Aviation Mysteries
Historic Articles
Airships & Flying Machines
Balloon Articles
New England “Firsts”
Forgotten Airports
Vintage Airport Views
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The Uxbridge Bomber Crash – May 18, 1944
THE UXBRIDGE BOMBER CRASH
By Jim Ignasher
Tucked away on a two-acre wooded lot in the middle of a quiet upscale neighborhood in Uxbridge, Massachusetts, is a granite monument honoring five servicemen who died in the service of their country when their B-24 Liberator (42-7347) crashed on that spot during World War II. The incident occurred on May 18, 1944, as a formation of three B-24 bombers droned through the sky over the Blackstone Valley.
The planes were on their way back to Westover Air Field after a day of formation flight training, the purpose of which was to give one of the bomber crews experience in formation flying so they would have enough hours to qualify for overseas duty.
24-year-old navigator, Lieutenant Joseph H. Talbot, was sitting in the plexiglass nose of bomber number 42-7347, watching the landscape below take on more definition as the formation descended from 20,000 to 10,000 feet so the crews could come off oxygen. Then, without warning, the plane suffered a hard jolt accompanied by the sound of crunching metal as it was struck by another B-24 in the formation. Almost immediately the plane began shaking and shuddering and Talbot heard the pilot’s frantic voice come over his head phones, “Bail out! Bail out!”
Talbot was wearing his parachute harness, but not the chute, and the buffeting of the plane made attaching the two difficult. As the seconds ticked by the plane dropped lower. Other members of the crew were possibly in the same predicament, for Talbot was one of the first out of the plane.
He no doubt breathed a huge sigh of relief as his chute billowed open. He would later recall how quiet it was as he hung in the air over Uxbridge. The other B-24s had disappeared, and his own was a flaming wreck. He didn’t know it then, but another crewman, 18-year-old, Corporal Robert Kelly, was the only other member of the crew to get out safely. Three others jumped, but the aircraft was too low to the ground when they did, and their chutes didn’t have enough time to deploy. The co-pilot had waited the longest, perhaps to make sure the others had jumped first. His remains were found in the bomb bay. To his credit, the pilot, 2nd Lt. Arnold Moholt, never left the controls, trying to save his men while directing the plane away from the populated downtown Uxbridge area.
Pathway leading to the Uxbridge Bomber memorial.
Talbot came down in a wooded area where he was found by an army sergeant home on leave. He had lacerated his hands while escaping from the plane, and was taken to Whitinsville Hospital. There he and Corporal Kelly were admitted and prevented from returning to the crash site.
The other aircraft involved in the collision, (41-28508), suffered damage, but was able to remain airborne and made it back to Westover.
Woonsocket Call reporter Russell Krapp was at the downtown Uxbridge field office when he heard the formation passing overhead and happened to look out the window just as the accident happened. The doomed bomber plummeted to earth in the High Street area where it exploded in a massive fireball sending a plume of smoke hundreds of feet into the air. Krapp, along with dozens of others, raced to the scene.
The fire burned over forty acres before it was brought under control by firemen from Uxbridge, East Douglas, and two state forestry trucks.
Memorial to those who lost their lives in the Uxbridge Bomber Crash – May 18, 1944.
The site was cleared of wreckage, and little by little Mother Nature began to reclaim the land. It remained wooded for many years afterwards, but by the 1980s the land ready for a housing development. Fortunately, there were those who remembered the crash and sought to have at least a portion of the area preserved. The result is a two-acre wooded lot across from 84 Chamberland Road, marked by a sign that directs visitors along a well maintained path leading to a memorial honoring those who died. Next to the monument is a piece of melted aluminum that had once been part of the aircraft.
The inscription on the monument reads: This spot is sacred to the memory of
2nd Lt. Arnold Moholt
2nd Lt. John T. Goodwin
S/Sgt Thomas L. Cater
Sgt. Merle V. Massar,
Sgt. Anthony J. Pitzulo
They died when their US Army Airplane Crashed here May 18, 1944. They Gave Their Lives Four Country And Humanity.
The monument was dedicated October 11, 1944.
Uxbridge Bomber Memorial Site – August, 2012
Lt. Arnold Moholt was born December 15, 1920 in Glendive, Montanna, where he lived until he graduated high school. He went on to attended business college in Spokane, Washington, before enlisting in the Army ordinance division in March of 1941. In 1942 he transferred to the Army Air Force, and was commissioned an officer in January of 1944 at Maxwell Field, Alabama. He had recently written to his surviving relatives in Missoula, Montanna, that he expected to be sent overseas in the near future. He is buried in Missoula Cemetery.
Sergeant Merle Massar was 21-years-old, born June 7, 1922, and was just shy of his next birthday when the accident occurred. He was born in Mount Vernon, Washington, where his father was a prominent businessman. He was an accomplished violin musician, and often participated in musical and theatrical productions at Mount Vernon High School. He was also a member of the school’s Thespian Society, and Ski Club.
After graduating in 1940, he enrolled in college, studying at the University of Washington where he excelled at writing. One of the university professors, Dr. George Savage, stated Massar’s writing ability “showed great promise”.
“With Merle it is more than a personal grief,” said Dr. Savage, “It is the knowledge that a great writer is lost, for Merle was one of the few students I’ve had who was passionate about life – who felt deeply and surely because he loved and sorrowed for his fellow man.”
Dr. Savage last spoke with Merle when he was home on furlough. He recalled Merle saying to him, “If I want to live for my generation, I have to be ready to die with it, too.”
Mrs. Mary McDonnell of Chicopee, Massachusetts, wrote to Merle’s mother after the accident. Part of the letter said, “Just last Monday, he came to the door holding a lilac in his hand. ‘This is for Mother’s Day’ he said, but I know he was just plain lonesome for his own mother.”
In April of 1943 Merle entered military training for radio-aerial gunnery school, and at the time of the accident had been serving as a top-turret gunner.
He was survived by his mother and brother, Clifford.
Sgt. Anthony Pitzulo was two days shy of his 25th birthday when he died. He was born and raised in Lowellville, Ohio, the son of the late Joseph and Mary (Aurclio) Pitzulo. He entered the army in 1942. He was survived by a sister, four brothers, two half brothers, and a half sister.
Lieutenant Talbot survived the war and later married and raised four children. He later became a grandfather nine times over. He returned to Uxbridge sometime in the1950s, and again in 1984 at the request of local officials to attend a memorial ceremony. Forty years after his ordeal, he recalled the details of the crash to reporters. He passed away in 1995.
Uxbridge Times, “Three Chute To Safety When Bomber Crashes In Woods Off High Street.”, May 19, 1944, Pg. 1
Uxbridge Times, “Eyewitness Story Of Crash”, May 19, 1944, Pg.1
Uxbridge Times, “Death Toll Reaches 5 In Plane Crash”, May 22, 1944, Pg. 8
Woonsocket Call, “3 Forterss Crew Members Bail Out; Plane Explosion Starts Forest Fires” May 18, 1944.
Woonsocket Call, “Call Reporter Sees Crash, Covers Story And Fights Fire”, May 18, 1944
Woonsocket Call, “5 Airmen Dead In Plane Crash Are Identified”, May 19, 1944
Woonsocket Call, “Plane Crash Victims Remembered –Survivor Returns For Uxbridge Rites 40 Years Later.” May 21, 1984
Mount Vernon Daily Herald, “Merile Massar Loses Life In Bomber Crash”, May 19, 1944, Pg. 1.
Mount Vernon Daily Herald, “Rites Are Set Thursday For Heroic Flyer”, May 23, 1944, Pg. 1
The Daily Missoulian, “A Moholt Is Killed In Plane Crash”, May 20, 1944
The Daily Missoulian, “Rites Today For Army Lieutenant”, May 23, 1944
Youngstown Vindicator, “Air Crash Fatal To Sgt. Pitzulo”, May 19, 1944, Pg. 25
Youngstown Vindicator, “Plan Military Funeral For Sergeant Pitzulo”, May 21, 1944, Pg. A10
www.findagrave.com Joseph H. Talbot
Filed Under: Article - Military Aviation, Massachusetts - Military Tagged With: 2nd Lt. Arnold Moholt, 2nd Lt. John T. Goodwin, 42-7347, B-24 42-7347, Bomber Crash Uxbridge Massachusetts, Massachusetts WWII Bomber Crash, Massachusetts WWII Plane Crash, May 18, New England WWII Plane Crash, S/Sgt. Thomas L. Cater, Sgt. Anthony J. Pitzulo, Sgt. Merle V. Massar, uxbridge bomber crash, Uxbridge massachusetts, Uxbridge Massachusetts Bomber Crash, Uxbridge Massachusetts History
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Islanders defenseman Nick Leddy has seen dramatic improvement in plus-minus
Islanders defenseman Nick Leddy passes the puck against the Lightning in the first period of a game at Barclays Center on Jan. 13. Credit: Kathleen Malone-Van Dyke
By Peter Botte Special to Newsday Updated February 4, 2019 10:53 PM
Temperatures plunged to minus-40 and worse in Nick Leddy’s home state of Minnesota last week, matching a negative benchmark the defenseman reached on the ice last season.
Plus-minus often is considered a misleading statistic, but Leddy ranked last in the NHL in 2017-18 at minus-42. Under since-fired coach Doug Weight, the Islanders allowed an NHL-worst 293 goals, the most any team has allowed since 2007.
“I tried to block it out as much as possible, but for me, the whole year was very frustrating,” Leddy said after practice Monday in East Meadow. “When you’re up there for top in the league — or the bottom, I guess — especially as a defender, it’s tough to digest that, because I knew that wasn’t me.
“As soon as another one goes in, you’re down about it. It’s always in the back of your head. But this year for sure, I’ve really tried to hone in on my defensive responsibilities. After going through that, I really wanted to get back to where I was before.”
Leddy is back in the black this season under Weight’s replacement, Barry Trotz, carrying a plus-3 rating through 51 games into Tuesday’s visit to Boston. And the Metropolitan Division-leading Islanders, who have registered at least one point in eight straight games (6-0-2), have gone from worst to first in goals against, allowing only 125 (2.45 per game) in a dramatic one-season reversal.
“I think it’s just as simple as structure,” Leddy said. “Everybody’s bought into it, that all six guys on the ice need to be held accountable and are accountable for that. We’re just not as much in a track meet every night this year . . . I think when you play consistent five-man team defense, it frustrates teams.”
Leddy, 27, in the fourth season of a seven-year, $38.5-million contract, has scored only one goal after netting at least 10 in three of the previous four seasons. The Islanders will live with that.
“I wasn’t here, but I just think he’s gotten back to defending well,” Trotz said. “Hopefully, we are playing more structured as a group, but I just think for him, we fixed a little bit of his battle areas, where I felt he was relying too much on his skating. You still have to put a little skin in the game in terms of getting pucks back and getting cycles stopped.
“I think he’s done a much better job of engaging in that initial battle. And because of that, with his ability to skate and to move, he’s been able to get a lot more of those pucks and break up a lot more plays.”
Notes & quotes: Trotz joked that he didn’t want to tick off New York sports fans, but he was pulling for the Patriots in the Super Bowl. “It’s like when they won four Stanley Cups here. It’s so hard to win . . . and that’s something to appreciate. What they’ve done is really hard to do,” said Trotz, who won the Cup as Washington’s coach last season . . . Left wing Andrew Ladd (recovering from what is believed to be a foot/ankle injury) and defenseman Thomas Hickey (recovering from what is believed to be a head injury) were full participants in practice, but Trotz said they’re still “a ways away.” He thinks Hickey, out since Dec. 17, is “closer” to a return to the lineup.
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Game photos: Isles vs. Rangers
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Belarusian Escort Who Said She Had Information for Mueller's Russia Investigation Will Be Deported From Thailand
By Cristina Maza On 1/15/19 at 9:54 AM EST
Detained Belarusian escort Anastasia Vashukevich, better known by her pen name Nastya Rybka, steps out of a prison van, following a police raid on a sex training course, on arrival at a court to face trial in Pattaya, Thailand, on August 20, 2018. Krit Phromsakla Na Sakonakorn/AFP/Getty Images
World Russia investigation Mueller Russia Election
Nastya Rybka, the Belarusian escort who claimed she had obtained information about Russian efforts to influence the 2016 U.S. presidential election while riding on the yacht of oligarch Oleg Deripaska, has been sentenced in Thailand to time served and will be deported home, a judge determined on Thursday.
Rybka and seven other Russian and Belarusian citizens were arrested almost one year ago in Thailand for offering classes on sexual seduction. "The court found them all guilty of soliciting sex," a judge said on Tuesday. "The court releases them today."
All eight of the people involved in the "sex trainings" have also been ordered to pay a fine of around $6,000. They will be held in a detention facility before they are deported home next week.
Rybka had previously asked not to be deported, claiming that her life would be in danger if she were sent to Russia. It is unclear whether she will be deported back to Russia or Belarus.
Detained Belarusian escort Anastasia Vashukevich, better known by her pen name Nastya Rybka, steps out of a prison van, following a police raid on a sex training course, on arrival at a court to face trial in Pattaya, Thailand, on August 20, 2018. Rybka claimed that she had information on Russian efforts to interfere in the U.S. election. Krit Phromsakla Na Sakonakorn/AFP/Getty Images
Rybka, whose real name is Anastasia Vashukevich, first gained notoriety when the Russian opposition leader and anti-corruption activist Alexei Navalny published some of her Instagram videos, which showed Deripaska, the Russian aluminum magnate and close ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin, on a yacht with Russia's Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Prikhodko. The videos were meant to call attention to the corruption implicit in a government figure hobnobbing with oligarchs and escorts on yachts.
But Rybka became a person of interest in special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into election interference after she claimed that she had information on Russian efforts to interfere in the U.S. election. Mueller's team is investigating whether members of the Trump campaign worked with the Russians to sway the election, and Deripaska is a person of interest.
Deripaska was a longtime business partner of President Donald Trump's former campaign manager Paul Manafort, who allegedly offered to provide Deripaska with briefings in order to "get whole." Manafort had owed Deripaska around $20 million, according to court documents. Deripaska was sanctioned in April along with a handful of other oligarchs and Russian entities.
"Deripaska has said that he does not separate himself from the Russian state. He has also acknowledged possessing a Russian diplomatic passport, and claims to have represented the Russian government in other countries," read a statement from the Treasury Department at the time. "Deripaska has been investigated for money laundering, and has been accused of threatening the lives of business rivals, illegally wiretapping a government official, and taking part in extortion and racketeering. There are also allegations that Deripaska bribed a government official, ordered the murder of a businessman, and had links to a Russian organized crime group."
The Treasury Department is recommending that Deripaska's companies, Rusal, EN+, and ESE, be taken off the sanctions list as long as Deripaska relinquishes control over them. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin briefed the House on the matter on Thursday, but House speaker Nancy Pelosi called the briefing "a waste of time" and "one of the worst classified briefings" she had witnessed under the current administration.
Rybka alleged that she had in her possession over 16 hours of recordings of Deripaska and three Americans discussing the 2016 presidential election, and she offered to hand over the evidence if the U.S. gave her asylum.
It is unclear if Rybka ever provided information of use to the special counsel, but some reports suggested that the FBI had attempted to visit her in jail in Thailand. She later told a reporter in the court that she had handed the evidence back over to Deripaska.
On her Instagram account, Rybka describes herself as a writer, Deripaska's mistress, and the next president of Russia. She has not posted anything new on Instagram since shortly after she was first arrested.
FBI Tried to Meet With Escort Nastya Rybka: Report
Trump to Lift Sanctions on Deripaska Companies
What Does Jailed Russian 'Sex Expert' Know About Trump?
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Do U.S. Sanctions Hurt Iran? Yes, and It's Everyday People Who Suffer Most
By Tom O'Connor On 11/5/18 at 4:44 PM EST
World International Affairs Iran US Sanctions
As the United States once again rolls out sanctions on Iran's oil and gas sector, citizens of the revolutionary Shiite Muslim nation have warned of an increasingly dire situation at home as they bear the brunt of an economic pressure campaign waged by a hostile foreign power against a government that refuses to relent.
Still reeling from previous trade restrictions, imposed by President Donald Trump in the wake of his decision in May to abandon a 2015 nuclear deal, Iran's economy was hit by yet another shockwave Monday when the U.S. enacted sanctions on the country's energy sector. The Trump administration has claimed that it intended only to harm the government in Tehran with these actions and previous ones targeting various other industries, but Iranians of several walks of life living in the capital have argued that it was the everyday citizen who suffered most.
"Today the mood was quite normal, the same as other days, people are the same though they look a bit indifferent to all that, I mean they are neither optimist nor pessimist. At the same time, there is anger towards the government which I don't know where or when it would erupt," Fereshteh Sadeghi, a Tehran-based freelance political analyst, told Newsweek hours before the new sanctions hit on Monday.
"The government had to prepare a Plan B in case the JCPOA [the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action] didn't work or an unexpected event happened. But they didn't, turmoil in the foreign exchange market in the past seven months has also added to people's anger because they see the rial [Iran's currency] losing its value against almost all foreign currencies. Savings in the banks have lost their value, real estate market and rents are going up and every day—I mean literally every single day—the prices of food items, fruits, dairy products, etcetera, is increasing," she added.
Iranians shop in the capital Tehran's grand bazaar on November 3. Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said that President Donald Trump has "disgraced" U.S. prestige and would be the ultimate loser from renewing sanctions on the Islamic republic. ATTA KENARE/AFP/Getty Images
Sadeghi further explained that "some people have to have a second job to make ends meet and that's for just covering the high cost of living without thinking about leisure or trips so on so forth." She said that poor government oversight and rapid fluctuations in prices have led to shortages as producers and traders could not get the necessary goods from factories.
"A friend of mine who works alongside her husband was complaining that their trade has collapsed because they can't buy electronic equipment or spare parts that could have dual-use and even if they manage to buy the problem with banking payment persists because no bank nowhere accepts to work with them. She was saying we are living in the moment and we can't even think or plan for our tomorrow let alone next month," Sadeghi noted.
With supply chains interrupted, those who rely on foreign medicine for treatment are particularly concerned. Sadeghi said she knew "a gentleman who was supposed to have heart valve replacement surgery but his operation had been put out because they couldn't find an artificial valve which is bought from abroad." In her opinion, "apart from the U.S. government, most of the blame when it comes to the economy is on our own government—particularly Rouhani's economic policies—because they didn't manage the situation wisely and professionally."
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani—who helped forge the Iran nuclear deal alongside his U.S. counterpart President Barack Obama and representatives of China, France, Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom—has struggled to defend the agreement as hardline opposition mounted at home. Conservative forces in Iran expressed skepticism toward the accord from the beginning, and the promised prospects of economic booms have been dashed by the U.S. exit and reintroduction of stifling sanctions, throwing the rial into crisis.
"The most salient corollary is the severe depreciation of the rial, which has turned my monthly salary into a ridiculous amount compared to what academics receive in other parts of the world," a middle-class academic at a university in Tehran who asked to be identified as Hamid, told Newsweek. "It has also affected my access to academic resources. It's impossible to buy or order foreign materials from inside Iran."
Like Sadeghi, he worried about how the sanctions could affect health care, saying his academic woes "are apart from the destructive impact of sanctions on the supply of basic goods, including medicine." The Trump administration justified its pullout of the nuclear deal and subsequent sanctions by accusing Iran of using sanctions relief provided by the deal to fund militant groups abroad and develop ballistic missiles, though the comprehensive restrictions have threatened to have adverse effects on all incoming goods, including critical humanitarian assistance.
A woman walks past a currency exchange shop in the Iranian capital Tehran's grand bazaar on November 3. The rial is undergoing a severe devaluation crisis in response to U.S. economic restrictions and an already difficult financial situation. ATTA KENARE/AFP/Getty Images
State Department special representative for Iran Brian Hook told reporters during a press briefing Friday that the "sanctions regime has very clear exceptions for the sale of food, medicine, and medical devices." When asked how cautious European countries could be assured that they would not trigger U.S. punishment while attempting to deal in humanitarian trade, Hook said that "the burden is not on the United States to identify the safe channels" to conduct such trade, but "on the Iranian regime," leaving potential suppliers in the dark.
As Iranians prepared for new hardships, Hamed, a journalist, told Newsweek that "the first round has already bitten hard into the economy."
"The dollar has stabilized, but at an exorbitant rate. Before reaching this level, 15,000 tomans, it would go up exponentially, and take staples up with it," he said. "You would wake up every day to an across-the-board price spike, while government megaphones blared in your ear that 'all is good.'"
Fellow journalist Ehsan Bodaghi, a parliamentary reporter for the Iran newspaper and an analyst, told Newsweek that "this year, due to economic pressure as a consequence of sanctions and despite rising costs, our salaries were reduced." He then added, "Nowadays even that reduced salary is paid with a two-to-three-month delay, which has adversely affected the personal lives of many journalists. By the way, this isn't just limited to our newspaper. It's now the norm in many organizations and companies in Iran."
Iranian officials, including supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei himself, have conceded that the country was undergoing serious economic troubles due to U.S. sanctions. Last week Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammed Javad Zarif told CBS News that such measures "hurt people and we have an obligation as a government to minimize the impact on the people, but sanctions never change policy." While the U.S. has found itself isolated as the deal's other signatories back Iran in the dispute, Zarif's words are a wager considering ongoing demonstrations and general strikes gripping the country from within.
"We're a middle-class family, so although the sanctions may have not created a massive problem for us, they have indeed reduced our quality of life," Mahyar, a general practitioner of medicine," told Newsweek.
"The most notable effect they've had is the reduction of the Internal Rate of Return's worth, which has led to a spike in prices of consumables, gadgets, cars, houses and many more items while salaries have stayed the same, which in turn leads to reduced ability to purchase them," he added. "In my opinion, the sanctions will hurt the people from the middle class and lower classes, while the higher echelons of society are pretty much safe."
Mohammad, a civil servant, agreed, telling Newsweek the "people's food basket has shrunk, except for the profiteers of sanctions."
On the eve of renewed sanctions by Washington, an Iranian protester burns a dollar banknote during anti-U.S. demonstration outside Washington's former embassy in the Iranian capital Tehran on November 4, 2018, marking the anniversary of its storming by student protesters that triggered a hostage crisis in 1979. While much of the international community has sided with Iran in the dispute, some locals also felt their government had contributed to their ongoing economic woes. ATTA KENARE/AFP/Getty Images
Meanwhile, other parts of Iranian society nationwide are facing the repercussions of the political feud between their country and the U.S. in many different ways, some which have garnered more attention than others. Maysam Behravesh, a doctoral candidate and affiliated researcher at the Department of Political Science at Sweden's Lund University, highlighted the "great deal of collateral damage on ordinary people" that U.S. sanctions inflict, including the aforementioned scarcity and rising prices of crucial medicines. He argued, however, "this has been widely reported" as compared to the crisis now facing young Iranians.
"What remains mostly neglected though is the effects sanctions have on the efforts of Iranian youth such as students or more broadly the middle classes to interact with the outside world," Behravesh told Newsweek, citing specifically the new obstacles for Iranian students trying to order books or study abroad.
"This is why sanctions alone as an instrument of foreign policy are usually counterproductive: in fact, they weaken the very forces they are meant to empower," he added. "Sociopolitically, sanctions for many Iranians are a harbinger of betrayal: already abandoned by their own government and now further betrayed and crushed by the outside world."
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President Trump Visits Kenosha While Blake Family Holds Celebration
and Stephanie Sandoval
Ignoring calls from local officials not to come, President Donald Trump visited Kenosha, where he spoke with law enforcement.
President Donald Trump met with law enforcement officials and surveyed the damage in Kenosha, Wisconsin, Tuesday.
He made the trip even though local officials had said now is not the time.
"I think that Kenosha at this present time needs peace and needs to heal and needs people to allow us to do that," Kenosha Mayor John Antaramian said.
"Jacob Blake was shot seven times in the back by a Kenosha police officer over a week ago. His family says he's still in the hospital, paralyzed from the waist down. They've called the incident "attempted murder" and are calling for the officer who shot Blake to be indicted. During the president's visit here, he held a roundtable with law enforcement on the protests.
"Some people thought it would be a good thing for me to come, a bad thing,” President Trump said. "I just wanted to come. I really came today to thank law enforcement."
Local law enforcement said there’s been more than 200 arrests since the start of the protests with over half of them from outside of Kenosha. The president, notably, didn't have plans to meet with Blake's family during the visit.
"They wanted me to speak, but they wanted to have lawyers involved," President Trump said. "And I thought that was inappropriate. So I didn't do that."
While President Trump was touring downtown Kenosha and meeting with law enforcement, Jacob Blake's family and many community members gathered elsewhere in the small city. On the same block where Blake's life was changed forever.
"We don't have any words for the orange man," Justin Blake, Jacob's uncle, said. "All I ask is that he keep his disrespect, his foul language far away from our family. We need a president that’s going to unite our country and take us in a different direction."
This "community celebration" was called Justice for Jacob and organizers say it's a chance for the Kenosha community to rebuild. There's free haircuts, a bouncy house and voter registration. Organizers say this was the response they wanted to give President Trump's arrival.
"I think it's unnecessary, it's divisive," Tanya Mclean, a friend of the Blake family and one of the event's organizers, said. "We all know why he's here. He's definitely not coming to heal our community. He doesn't care about our community so he's here for his own political agenda. I mean, everyone knows that."
And while community members here say they want peace overnight — Jacob Blake's family also say they demand justice and change.
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Home \ Ξενόγλωσσες Ειδήσεις \ English \ Bells ring out at Georgian parish in Moscow for first time in a century
29/11/2020 29/11/2020 November 23 was a joyous day for the Georgian diaspora in Moscow for several reasons. Not only did the parishioners of the St. George’s Orthodox Church celebrate their beloved patron saint with a hierarchical Divine Liturgy, but the occasion also marked the 270th anniversary of the parish, and for the first time in nearly a...
Bells ring out at Georgian parish in Moscow for first time in a century
November 23 was a joyous day for the Georgian diaspora in Moscow for several reasons.
Not only did the parishioners of the St. George’s Orthodox Church celebrate their beloved patron saint with a hierarchical Divine Liturgy, but the occasion also marked the 270th anniversary of the parish, and for the first time in nearly a century, bells rung out at the Georgian representation church.
The Divine Liturgy for the feast of Giorgoba—the commemoration of the martyrdom of St. George—was celebrated by His Eminence Metropolitan Nikoloz of Akhalkalaki, Kumurdo and Kari of the Georgian Orthodox Church, together with representatives of the Russian Church and other Local Churches, reports the official Georgian Church site.
The Metropolitan spoke of the important role the church has played in the life of Georgians in Moscow, in particular mentioning His Grace Bishop Lazar of Borjomi, a recently-reposed Georgian hierarch, who was ordained to the priesthood at St. George’s in Moscow in 1992, not long after the church was reopened.
Following the Divine Liturgy, the clergy and priests processed with icons and banners, blessing the church and its territory with holy water.
Moreover, on the same day, the bells of the church’s renovated bell tower rang out for the first time since 1922.
As Georgian diaspora spokesman Andro Ivanov told Sputnik, all the valuables were removed from the church that year by the Bolsheviks, and in 1930, the church was closed altogether. It is not known exactly what year the bell tower was dismantled.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, part of the church territory was returned, and in 2015, the entirety of the territory was returned to the Church.
Now the bells are engraved with the date 11/23/20, marking the restoration of the bell tower, which was completed with the support of concerned parishioners.
“It is very important that Georgians living in Moscow can hear the services in their native language, and the restoration of the bell tower has become a real celebration. This is a historic event for the Georgian diaspora,” Ivanov said.
— orthochristian.com
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3.2 Shrews
Drawing on the notes you made about shrews in Author(s): The Open University
1.7 Fractions
A fraction is written as one number over another (such as ) and means the top number divided by the bottom number. The top number, 3, is called the numerator and the bottom number, 10, is calle
Dark Chocolate Health Benefits - www.MyChocolateMedicine.com
Dr. Steve Warren talks about the health benefits of cold processed dark chocolate. He explains the function of anti-oxidants and bioflavonoids and the fact that cold processed dark chocolate is the #1 superfood in the world. There is only one company in the entire world that makes cold processed dark chocolate and has the worldwide patent on this process.
Brain Break-Macarena Dance
A teacher from Lincoln Elementary shows steps and performs the Macarena Dance for a brain break activity. This is a good activity to teach rhythmic movement, dance, team cooperation, and for a brain break during transition times (03:48).
Professor Rob Price inaugural lecture: Crystals, particles & powders
Professor Rob Price delivers his inaugural lecture on his research in the field of aerosol science.
‘Europe’ is a key issue of contemporary political debate and provides one of the most contentious questions facing party leaders and the voters of more than one country. But what is the nature of the issue, and what does it actually involve? What are the precise questions that contemporary Europe poses? Europe is in flux, and many of the key reference points of a traditional Europe have weakened or disappeared altogether. One of the key aspects of the present situation, therefore, is that
3 An overview of the legal history of Scotland
To understand the current system of law making in Scotland it is helpful to know from where it originated. The law in Scotland has a complex history, and has been influenced by a wide range of sources. It is a distinct system from that in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, and remains so today. The distinction comes from both historical developments and the current procedures for law making.
Some of the earliest influences on legal Scotland included native customs, Norse law and Wel
Great Barrier Reef Wildlife
The largest living structure, the Great Barrier Reef spans more than 1,200 miles of islands and submerged reefs. A plethora of coral thrives here, along with a sweep parrotfish, sugeonfish, barracuda, and sharks. Run time 4:11.
8.1 The octave sound
One feature of pitch that seems to be universal to all cultures is that for musical purposes the pitch range is divided into discrete steps: for instance, the notes of a scale. This is not to say that musicians rigidly adhere to those steps when they play, but the existence of such steps is fundamental to the way music is conceived and organised. Different cultures have different ways of defining the steps in their scale of pitches, but nearly all cultures take the octave as their starting po
4.1.1 The transmitter
The transmitter receives a message from User 1 and manipulates it into data which can be sent into the network. The transmitter may also store or retrieve data relating to the message.
In the mobile phone system, the transmitter, which is User l's mobile phone, receives a message from User 1 in the form of sound. It manipulates the incoming sound into a data format suitable for sending into the mobile phone network. Even basic models of mobile phone handsets can store names and telephon
GS-04: 範囲選択の操作
このビデオでは、シンボルとインスタンスの関係についてご紹介します。
Indian Raga Music
The music of North India is mesmerising, and shrouded in tradition and culture. There, raga is the art of life - it is the music of the mind. The tracks in this album focus on three instruments - the tabla, the alap and the voice - all central to the existence of Raga. Each instrument is broken down into the individual sounds that make up the intricate compositions. Performances on all three complete this introduction to the fascinating sound of Raga. This material is drawn from The Open Unive
3.1 Limitations of Ampère's law
In order to analyse the limitations of Ampère's law, and suggest ways of overcoming them, we need to use some properties of divergence. For ease of reference, these properties are given below:
Some properties of divergence
The divergence of
8.5 MMR safety
Fitzpatrick, M. (2004) Chapter 8 ‘The Lancet Paper’ taken from MMR and Autism: What Parents Need to Know, London, Routledge. Copyright © 2004 Michael Fitzpatrick.
In January 2001 Dr Wakefield adopted a radically different tack in the campaign against MMR. He now turned to the field of public health and vaccination policy, questioning whether appropriate safety procedures had been followed when MMR was introduced into Britain in the late 1980s. In a paper writte
Save the Asian Black Bear
These bears spend much of their lives on trees in the forests of
Japan, India, China and some southern Russia. Smallish in size and
agile, these bears have large curved claws that help them climb or dig
burrows. They have a distinct white crescent-shaped patch on their chest
and live in small family groups, eating insects, berries, fruits and
small animals. These bears usually shy away from human contact, although
if provoked or angry, they become violent
Equal Rights and Equal Dignity of Human Beings [Audio]
Speaker(s): Professor Tariq Ramadan | In our globalised world, pluralism is a fact and equality, a hope. We need to start with the basic statement reminding every one of us that we are all equal and we should be treated with the same dignity, whatever our gender, our colour, our religion or our social status. This is elementary, yet forgotten day in, day out. Tariq Ramadan (@TariqRamadan) is a Swiss academic, philosopher and writer. He is Professor of Contemporary Islamic Studies at Oxford Unive
How to Avoid Diabetes
This two-minute video reviews ways to help prevent insulin resistance and obesity that lead to diabetes with lifestyle changes. This is an important video to show students who may not know about this and may be at risk. (02:09)
Rhythmic Gymnastics Training
Short clip of training rhythmic gymnasts. (01:09)
4.2 DDT: a classic case in ecotoxicology
DDT is very effective in controlling pests, being very toxic to insects, and is cheap to produce. Its effectiveness is enhanced because it is very persistent, remaining active in the environment for a long time. This increases its value as an insecticide to farmers because one application lasts a long time, but is also a major reason why it poses a threat to wildlife and to human health. Although the agricultural use of DDT was banned in most developed countries 30 years ago, it can still be
4.1 Design guidelines and their limitations
Having considered practical accessibility measures we can implement in creating eLearning materials, we now take a closer look at the guidelines that are available to support the development of accessible resources. Guidelines are available from many different sources and cover a variety of learning environments, however they are unlikely to resolve all accessibility issues in any given eLearning context, and should not be treated as a complete solution.
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FBI: 'A New Suspect' In D.B. Cooper Skyjacking Case : The Two-Way The man known as D.B. Cooper became part of American folklore after parachuting from a plane he hijacked with $200,000 ransom. Cooper's stunt sparked wild speculation about his possible survival or death, and his identity. Now, the FBI says it has a new lead.
The Two-Way
FBI Says It Has 'A New Suspect' In D.B. Cooper Skyjacking Case
FBI Says It Has 'A New Suspect' In D.B. Cooper Skyjacking Case 3:58
August 1, 201110:37 AM ET
Howard Berkes
A 1971 artist's sketch released by the FBI shows the skyjacker known as 'Dan Cooper' and 'D.B. Cooper'. The sketch was made from the recollections of passengers and crew of a Northwest Orient Airlines jet he hijacked between Portland and Seattle. Anonymous/AP hide caption
Anonymous/AP
A 1971 artist's sketch released by the FBI shows the skyjacker known as 'Dan Cooper' and 'D.B. Cooper'. The sketch was made from the recollections of passengers and crew of a Northwest Orient Airlines jet he hijacked between Portland and Seattle.
Forty years after parachuting into folklore, the mysterious skyjacker identified as D.B. Cooper may soon be identified.
"We do actually have a new suspect we're looking at," says FBI spokeswoman Ayn Sandolo Dietrich in a story in the British newspaper, The Telegraph. "And it comes from a credible lead who came to our attention recently via a law enforcement colleague."
Cooper became an iconic American folk figure just before Thanksgiving in 1971, when he hijacked a Northwest Airlines flight from Portland to Seattle, demanded and received a $200,000 ransom, and jumped out of the plane with his loot near Ariel, Washington.
Some of the money was found in 1980 along the Columbia River near Portland, Oregon, but there's been no trace of Cooper since. A folk hero to some and common criminal to others, Cooper's stunt sparked wild speculation about his possible survival or death, and his identity. Several books have named people who seemed to fit Cooper's profile and several people claimed to be the legendary skyjacker. But the FBI has said the available evidence did not identify any of them as credible suspects.
The FBI has also said the investigation remains active. The new evidence comes four months before the 40th anniversary of the skyjacking, which helped prompt tighter airport security across the country.
Cooper claimed he had a bomb and held the crew and about three dozen passengers hostage. When the plane landed in Seattle, the FBI provided the $200,000 ransom and parachutes. Cooper sent the passengers off the plane.
The plane took off again and was headed for Mexico when Cooper lowered a rear stairway and jumped.
The hijacker left behind DNA and fingerprints on a magazine he handled during the hijacking, on a cigarette and on portions of the plane. Dietrich is not specific about the new piece of evidence but she told The Telegraph, "We're hoping there are fingerprints they can take off of it. It would be a significant lead," she continued, "And this is looking like our most promising one to date."
Telegraph reporter Alex Hannaford tried to get Dietrich to say whether the new suspect is still alive.
"Generally, the large majority of subjects we look into now are already deceased based on the timing of this," she responded.
Dietrich later cautioned the Seattle Times that the case "is not on the brink of a solution." But she again said, "We do have a promising lead" and "it is the most promising lead we have right now."
Dietrich did not immediately return NPR's request for additional comment.
The FBI has a 2007 summary of the case and it has also posted its files on the case.
Update at 11:55 a.m. ET. Fingerprints From Plane 'Virtually Useless':
Writer Geoffrey Gray is skeptical. Gray is about to publish the latest in a long string of D.B. Cooper books.
"The evidence the FBI uncovered on the plane, from my sources at least, has proven inconclusive for conclusive testing," Gray writes on his website for his book, Skyjack: The Hunt for D.B. Cooper (read an excerpt). "During the three years that I reported on the Cooper case and was given exclusive access to FBI files... I learned through then case agent Larry Carr that the fingerprints uncovered on the plane that night were virtually useless."
Gray says that the real question posed by the FBI's "reveal," as he calls it, "is not whether the Bureau has a new suspect — thousands of names have come in before for testing, and names from law enforcement sources too. The real question is the condition of the physical evidence."
In an interview with NPR, Gray adds that the FBI's teasing statements add to "an irresistible maze. It is an irresistible chase. It's become an obsession for many — including me."
Update at 3:15 p.m. ET. FBI Says Case Is Not A Priority:
FBI spokeswoman Ayn Sandolo Dietrich is now out of the office for two weeks but Special Agent Fred Gutt provided us with a few more details. The new suspect is dead, so no-one will be brought to justice, as he put it, if the new lead pans out.
The new evidence, he said, is fingerprints. Gutt acknowledges imperfections in fingerprints left on a magazine handled by the hijacker. Agents at an FBI lab will still seek a match but Gutt says the case is not a priority matter.
"It'll happen but when I don't know.," he said. "You know it'll certainly be below a current missing child case, a current terrorism investigation and many other things."
Update on Aug. 2 at 12:40 p.m. ET. More From The FBI:
We've rounded up new details from the FBI in a new post.
Related NPR Stories
An Excerpt From 'Skyjack: The Hunt For D.B. Cooper' July 14, 2011
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Nutrition During Lactation (1991)
Chapter: 7 Infant Outcomes
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Suggested Citation:"7 Infant Outcomes." Institute of Medicine. 1991. Nutrition During Lactation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1577.
Infant Outcomes
Because the exclusively breastfed infant is entirely dependent upon the mother for nutrition, the subcommittee examined the evidence relating maternal nutrition to infant health. In addition to nutrients in human milk, it considered constituents that have important nonnutritive functions (see Chapter 6).
As discussed in Chapters 5 and 6, the adequacy of the maternal diet may affect the formation, composition, or secretion of milk. As nutritional demands of the infant increase, milk production becomes correspondingly greater (see Chapter 5). Thus, there is a complex interrelationship between maternal nutrition, volume and composition of the milk, and the vigor of the infant.
Since infant nutrition, growth, development, and health are interrelated, the effects of breastfeeding and maternal nutrition on each of these outcomes were reviewed. The health-related outcomes include resistance to infectious diseases, allergic disorders, and chronic diseases with an immunologic basis that develop later in childhood; the passage of infectious or toxic agents in milk to the recipient; and infant mortality. Because of the specific tasks assigned to the subcommittee, this review was limited to effects on full-term infants.
In reviewing the relevant literature, the subcommittee had to contend with several confounding factors that potentially alter the interpretation of the results. For example, sick infants may be unable to breastfeed because they are separated from their mothers or because they are unable to suckle adequately. In such circumstances, if the mother does not continue lactation by pumping, breastfeeding is difficult to resume if or when the child recovers. Thus, illness may cause the cessation of breastfeeding, rather than the absence of breastfeeding causing illness. In many cultures, there is a strong relationship
between the type of infant feeding and the social status and functioning of the family. In the United States, breastfeeding rates increase with an increase in socioeconomic status. The favorable environment of these women and their infants is associated with a lower risk of many illnesses. In addition, since surveys indicate that the breastfeeding mother is less likely to smoke, her infant is at lower risk of respiratory problems from exposure to passive cigarette smoke. Further, the young infant in day care—often because the mother is working (and therefore less likely to breastfeed)—may be exposed to communicable diseases more often than the infant cared for exclusively at home. Thus, the lower risks of morbidity reported for breastfed infants may be in part due to factors other than breastfeeding. Other potential sources of bias are reviewed by Kramer (1987).
INFANT NUTRITION: VITAMINS AND MINERALS
Human milk serves as the nutritional standard for infants. Certain nutrients (vitamins A, D, K, B12, riboflavin, and folate; iron; copper; zinc; and fluoride) are reviewed in this section to illustrate the uniqueness of human milk and relationships, if any, of the infant's nutritional status to maternal nutrient stores and maternal diet. Other essential nutrients are of no less importance to the infant; information about them is presented in Chapter 6.
Three major factors contribute to the nutritional status of the exclusively breastfed infant: nutrient stores, especially those accumulated in utero; the amount and bioavailability of nutrients supplied by human milk; and environmental and genetic factors that influence the efficiency of nutrient utilization. Nutrient stores at birth are determined by the rate of placental nutrient transfer and by the duration of gestation. The stores of many nutrients increase substantially during the last trimester of pregnancy and tend to be higher in infants with higher birth weight or greater gestational age. The infant's total nutrient intake is determined by nutrient concentrations in human milk and by the volume of milk consumed. The amount of nutrient absorbed by the infant is further influenced by the bioavailability of that nutrient in human milk.
Providing the breastfed infant with supplemental foods has a complex effect on the total amount of nutrient absorbed. For example, infants consuming such foods as formula or infant cereal generally decrease their intake of human milk (see Chapter 5) and, thus, the nutrients and other specialized components it supplies. Thus, the intake of supplementary foods may add nutrients in a less bioavailable form, decrease the bioavailability of nutrients in human milk, and decrease the intake of other important factors in human milk.
Growth, infections, and differences in the efficiency of nutrient utilization affect the infant's rate of nutrient utilization, which in turn can influence the infant's nutritional status. Birth weight is inversely associated with the rate of nutrient utilization. For example, infants who are small at birth usually
experience catch-up growth during infancy. Disease or injury may adversely affect nutrient utilization either directly by increasing rates of catabolism or urinary and fecal losses or indirectly by sequestrating a nutrient in tissue compartments.
Finally, other environmental influences, such as the degree of exposure to ultraviolet light (ordinarily from sunshine) in the case of the synthesis of vitamin D, may be important determinants of the nutritional status of the infant.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Plasma levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (a vitamin D metabolite used as a measure of vitamin D status) in the mother are positively correlated with those in the neonate, providing evidence that maternal vitamin D status affects the infant's vitamin D stores (Hillman and Haddad, 1974; Hoogenboezem et al., 1989; Markestad, 1983; Markestad et al., 1983). Several investigators have found that plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the neonate are within the normal range for adults (10 to 40 ng/ml) (Markestad, 1983; Roberts et al., 1981), whereas Ala-Houhala (1985) reported that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol plasma levels in Finnish neonates were abnormally low in winter (mean, <10 ng/ml) compared with the range of values found in summer (12 to 18 ng/ml, p < .001). These studies suggest that infants born to mothers with inadequate vitamin D status are highly dependent on a regular supply of vitamin D through diet, supplements, or exposure to ultraviolet light.
Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in unsupplemented breastfed infants have been compared with those of formula-fed infants or breastfed infants receiving approximately 10 µg of supplemental vitamin D per day. In six reports, plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were substantially lower in unsupplemented breastfed infants (Ala-Houhala, 1985; Chan et al., 1982; Greer et al., 1982; Lichtenstein et al., 1986; Markestad, 1983; Roberts et al., 1981). Four studies (Ala-Houhala, 1985; Greer et al., 1982; Hoogenboezem et al., 1989; Markestad, 1983) have shown plasma levels of this compound at or below the lower limits of normal (≤10 ng/ml) (Nutrition Foundation, 1984) in the unsupplemented groups. Ala-Houhala (1985) reported that in the winter months, 10 of 18 unsupplemented breastfed infants had plasma levels of less than 5 ng/ml, which may lead to rickets (Nutrition Foundation, 1984). Despite reports of rickets in breastfed infants (Arnaud et al., 1976; O'Connor, 1977; Ozsoylu, 1977) and the low vitamin D content of human milk, breastfeeding has long been considered to be protective against rickets (Belton, 1986; Lakdawala and Widdowson, 1977).
Breastfed infants require approximately 30 minutes of exposure to sunlight per week if wearing only a diaper, or 2 hours per week if fully clothed without a hat, to maintain normal serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels (Specker et
al., 1985). Darkly pigmented infants require a greater exposure to sunshine to initiate the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin (Clemens et al., 1982).
In a study by Greer and colleagues (1982), which included randomization of breastfed infants to a placebo or to a daily supplement of 10 µg of vitamin D, the bone mineral content of the placebo group was significantly lower in the first few months after birth but slightly higher than that of the supplemented group by the end of the first year.
In summary, exclusive breastfeeding results in normal infant bone mineral content when maternal vitamin D status is adequate and the infant is regularly exposed to sunlight. If the infant or mother is not exposed regularly to sunlight, or if the mother's intake of vitamin D is low, supplements for the infant may be indicated (5 to 7.5 µg/day).
Although vitamin A concentrations in human milk are dependent on the mother's vitamin A status, vitamin A deficiency is rare among breastfed infants, even in parts of the world with endemic vitamin A deficiency (Sommer, 1982). Even after breastfeeding is discontinued, it appears to confer a protective effect (Sommer, 1982; West et al., 1986), presumably because some of the vitamin A provided by human milk is stored in the liver. Infants who consume human milk that provides 100 to 151 µg of retinol equivalents per day grow well and do not show signs of vitamin A deficiency. In the United States, human milk provides approximately twice this amount (FAO, 1988; NRC, 1989). These U.S. concentrations are used as the international standard for adequate vitamin A intakes in infancy (FAO, 1988; NRC, 1989). In the United States, there is no indication to routinely supplement either the infant or the mother with vitamin A.
Vitamin K is essential for the formation of several proteins required for blood clotting. This vitamin has two major forms: vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), synthesized by plants, and vitamin K2 (menaquinone), synthesized by bacteria. Most of the vitamin K in human milk is phylloquinone; the extent to which infants absorb menaquinone produced by gut microflora is not known. Vitamin K stores at birth are extremely low. Therefore, newborns are immediately dependent on an external source of the vitamin, but the amount provided by human milk is low—approximately 2 µg/liter (Committee on Nutrition, 1985; NRC, 1989). Bacteria that colonize the intestinal tracts of breastfed infants produce less menaquinone than do those in formula-fed infants.
A deficiency of the vitamin produces a syndrome in infants called hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. This vitamin K-dependent disease has two different clinical forms. The classic early-onset form occurs at age 2 to 10
days in 1 of 200 to 400 unsupplemented newborns. The late-onset form occurs around 1 month of age in 1 of 1,000 to 2,000 unsupplemented newborns. Late-onset hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is a devastating, often fatal disease (Gleason and Kerr, 1989). Both forms occur more often in unsupplemented breastfed than formula-fed infants.
Although maternal supplementation with vitamin K in the last weeks of pregnancy (Owen et al., 1967) or unusually high milk intakes (>500 ml) during the first 3 days of postnatal life (Motohara et al., 1989) may reduce the risk of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, the most dependable method of preventing this serious disorder is to inject the infant with 0.5 to 1.0 mg of vitamin K at birth or to give an oral 1.0- to 2.0-mg dose, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (Committee on Nutrition, 1985) and required by many states.
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Full-term infants of adequately nourished women are born with a total body vitamin B12 content of 30 to 40 µg (FAO, 1988). Assuming that 0.10 µg/day is required during infancy (FAO, 1988), these stores would supply an infant's needs for approximately 8 months. The 0.4 µg of vitamin B12 per day usually provided by human milk to the exclusively breastfed infant provides for ample accumulation of stores (FAO, 1988; NRC, 1989). Vitamin B12 concentrations in milk, and thus the infant's intake of this vitamin, are dependent on the mother's B12 intake and stores.
Breastfed infants born to women who eat little or no animal foods are at risk for developing vitamin B12 deficiency. In a study of six vitamin B12-deficient, exclusively breastfed infants in India, vitamin B12 concentrations in their mother's milk ranged from 0.03 to 0.07 µg/liter (Jadhav et al., 1962). Vitamin B12 deficiency has also been found in breastfed infants of complete vegetarian mothers in industrialized countries (Close, 1983; Davis et al., 1981; Gambon et al., 1986; Higgenbottom et al., 1978; Rendle-Short et al., 1979; Sklar, 1986). Urinary methylmalonic acid (UMMA) concentrations of the breastfed infants of omnivorous mothers were significantly lower (p = .05) than those of infants of complete vegetarians; maternal serum B12 concentrations were negatively associated with maternal UMMA (p = .003) and infant UMMA (p < .001) levels (Specker et al., 1988). In general, the deficiency syndrome is usually not clinically apparent until the latter half of infancy. An important finding is that breastfed infants may develop clinical signs of vitamin B12 deficiency before their mothers do (Lampkin and Saunders, 1969; McPhee et al., 1988).
For infants of mothers eating a mixed diet that includes animal foods, human milk is a generous source of vitamin B12; it provides for the infant's needs
throughout the first year of life. For mothers who are complete vegetarians, it is desirable to find an acceptable food source or supplement of vitamin B12 that will meet their needs and those of the nursing infant.
The full-term infant is born with adequate folate stores, even when maternal folate is suboptimal (Salmenperä et al., 1986b). The bioavailability of folate in human milk is high: to maintain equivalent folate status in formula-fed infants, approximately 50% more folate is required from formula than from human milk (Ek and Magnus, 1982). Serum and red cell folate levels are adequate in breastfed infants; indeed, they are several-fold greater than adult reference levels (Ek and Magnus, 1979; Salmenperä et al., 1986b; Smith et al., 1985). This is reported for infants exclusively breastfed for up to 1 year (Salmenperä et al., 1986b).
Maternal folate levels in serum and milk do not appear to be correlated; however, there are strong associations between maternal and infant serum folate levels at 6 weeks and at 3 months after birth (Smith et al., 1983) and at 4 and 9 months after birth (Salmenperä et al., 1986b). Those associations suggest that folate stores accumulated in utero are more important determinants of folate status during infancy than are levels of folate in milk.
Biochemical data concerning the riboflavin status of infants are difficult to interpret. Hovi and colleagues (1979) reported a transient increase in the activation coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) in full-term healthy breastfed newborns—a finding that suggests riboflavin deficiency. The increase became even greater when the infants had received phototherapy for treatment of hyperbilirubinemia (Gromisch et al., 1977; Hovi et al., 1979; Tan et al., 1978); however, this was not accompanied by clinical signs of riboflavin deficiency. The increase in the activation coefficient did not occur with daily maternal riboflavin supplements of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight, but neither was this increase evident after 2 weeks in the infants of unsupplemented women (Nail et al., 1980). The riboflavin concentration in human milk is dependent on maternal riboflavin status (Bates et al., 1982).
High EGR activation coefficients have been reported for breastfed infants who receive only 0.13 to 0.21 mg of riboflavin per day from human milk (Bates et al., 1982). The average intake of riboflavin in exclusively breastfed infants in the United States is estimated to be 0.26 mg/day. Using several criteria, including riboflavin levels in urine and blood, Snyderman and coworkers (1949) found that riboflavin intakes of 0.3 to 0.4 mg/day provide adequate riboflavin status. Among infants undergoing phototherapy, comparable intakes of riboflavin maintain normal EGR activation coefficients (Tan et al., 1978). No
longitudinal studies of representative populations have been conducted in developed countries to determine the adequacy of riboflavin status among breastfed infants. No reports of riboflavin deficiency among exclusively breastfed infants in the United States were encountered in the review of the literature by the subcommittee.
Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia remain important problems in the United States and the rest of the world. The estimated worldwide prevalence of anemia in children from birth to age 4 years is 43%. There are remarkable differences in the prevalence rates of iron deficiency anemia in economically developed regions (~12%) and developing areas (~51%) of the world (FAO, 1988). In the United States, children aged 1 to 2 years have a higher prevalence of iron deficiency (9.3%) than do people in other age groups (DHHS, 1988). Although inadequate iron intakes are not the sole cause of anemia in infants and children, diets low in iron play a major etiologic role.
A heavy demand is placed on the iron reserves of breastfed infants: the estimated daily physiologic requirement is 0.7 mg for growth and 0.2 mg to replace basal losses (Dallman, 1986). Human milk provides from 0.15 to 0.68 mg of iron per day. Approximately 50% of iron is absorbed from human milk compared with 7% from iron-fortified formula and 4% from infant cereals (Dallman, 1986). The iron concentration in milk is not influenced by the mother's iron status (Dallman, 1986; Murray et al., 1978; Siimes et al., 1984). Body stores of iron and ferritin levels increase during the first 3 months of postnatal life and then drop during the fourth to sixth months (Duncan et al., 1985; Garry et al., 1981; Saarinen et al., 1977). Despite those changes, iron deficiency is uncommon in breastfed infants during their first 6 months (Duncan et al., 1985; Garry et al., 1981; Owen et al., 1981; Picciano and Deering, 1980; Saarinen and Siimes, 1979a; Saarinen et al., 1977).
Woodruff and colleagues (1977) suggest that partially breastfed infants younger than 6 months are at risk of iron deficiency: they found a hemoglobin level lower than 11.0 g/dl in 1 of 12 breastfed infants and a transferrin saturation of less than 16% in 4 of them. Mothers in that study were instructed to feed supplementary foods to the infants at age 3 months; foods high in iron content were offered in limited amounts. Supplementary foods lead to decreased intake of human milk and possibly impair the absorption of iron from human milk (Oski and Landaw, 1980).
Two studies of a total of 43 infants indicated that there is a risk of iron deficiency by age 9 months if human milk is the infant's only food (Pastel et al., 1981; Siimes et al., 1984). Therefore, foods with bioavailable iron,
iron-fortified foods, or an iron supplement should be given beginning at age 6 months (or earlier, if supplementary foods are introduced before that time).
Full-term infants have relatively large copper stores at birth (Brückmann and Zondek, 1939; Widdowson et al., 1972). The relationship between maternal copper status and concentration in human milk is weak (Munch-Peterson, 1950; Salmenperä et al., 1986a; Vuori et al., 1980). Serum copper levels were higher among the older infants in a cross-sectional study of breastfed infants ranging from newborns through age 12 months (Ohtake, 1977). Salmenperä and coworkers (1986a) found that ceruloplasmin as well as serum copper consistently rose during 12 months of exclusive breastfeeding, despite the low copper intakes characteristic of breastfed infants. The daily intakes from months 4 to 9 ranged from 0.03 to 0.26 mg/day—less than the Food and Nutrition Board's estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake of 0.4 to 0.6 mg/day for infants aged 0 to 6 months (NRC, 1989). Neither the subcommittee nor Mason (1979) could find case reports of copper deficiency of exclusively breastfed infants. Thus, the evidence suggests that the bioavailability of copper in human milk is high and that the copper status of breastfed infants is adequate during the first year of life.
Human milk has been regarded as a good source of zinc (Lönnerdal et al., 1984); this form of zinc is highly bioavailable (Sandström et al., 1983). The zinc concentration in human milk does not appear to be influenced by the mother's diet (Lönnerdal et al., 1981), but the evidence is not consistent (see Chapter 6).
Plasma zinc levels in breastfed infants are similar to those of adults and of infants fed zinc-fortified formula (Hambidge et al., 1979), and they are substantially greater than those of infants fed formula not fortified with zinc (Hambidge et al., 1979; Vigi et al., 1984). Erythrocyte and hair zinc levels also are similar in breastfed infants and infants fed formula fortified with zinc (Hatano et al., 1985; MacDonald et al., 1982). The full-term breastfed infant who is born with usual liver zinc stores is at very low risk of zinc deficiency.
Although fluoride is not considered to be an essential nutrient, it is beneficial to humans in the prevention of dental caries (NRC, 1989). Fluoride supplementation during infancy helps prevent caries in deciduous teeth; however, caries is a multifactorial disease, and breastfeeding may affect the prevalence of caries in ways other than by the provision of fluoride. The subcommittee found
no studies that directly assessed the relationship between the mode of feeding in infancy and the incidence of caries.
From the fluoride concentrations in human milk estimated by the Committee on Nutrition (1985), one could project that an exclusively breastfed infant would consume only 0.012 mg of fluoride per day. Fluoride levels are not easily increased by maternal dietary or supplementary fluoride (see Chapter 6). The only other likely source of fluoride in the infant's diet is water. The subcommittee supports the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics that infants receive 0.25-mg fluoride supplements daily if their water supply contains less than 0.3 ppm of fluoride (Committee on Nutrition, 1986).
Historically, growth has been used as the basis to judge the adequacy of nutrient intake by the infant. A major question before the subcommittee was whether nutrition of the lactating woman influences infant growth. Because slow infant growth is sometimes used as a reason for supplementing infants with formula or solid foods or for discontinuing breastfeeding, it was essential to include a brief review of the assessment of infant growth. Interrelationships among infant growth, other indices of development, and maternal nutritional status were found to be difficult to ascertain, since few sound studies had been conducted to address them.
Pattern of Growth
Although the most commonly used indicators of infant growth have been body weight and weight gain, it is desirable to consider simultaneously length in order to assess linear growth and adiposity (the relationship of weight to length, also indicated by skinfold thickness).
Healthy, full-term infants lose an average of approximately 5 to 8% of their body weight during the first week after birth; the percentage lost is somewhat higher among breastfed infants (7.4%) than formula-fed infants (4.9%) (Podratz et al., 1986) but is unlikely to be of clinical importance. After the first week, the pattern of weight gain in infancy depends on the initial size of the infant, whether the infant is breastfed or formula fed, and other environmental and physiologic factors. In industrialized countries, the rate of weight gain of breastfed infants is similar to that of formula-fed infants and to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference data for infants up to age 2 to 3 months; however, it is less rapid over the subsequent 9 months (Chandra, 1982; Czajka-Narins and Jung, 1986; Dewey et al., 1990a; Duncan et al., 1984; Forsum and Sadurskis, 1986; Garza et al., 1987; Hitchcock et al., 1985; Saarinen and Siimes, 1979b; Salmenperä et al., 1985; Whitehead and Paul, 1984). In developing countries, breastfed infants tend to grow more rapidly than their formula-fed counterparts
throughout the first 6 months of postnatal life (Mahmood and Feachem, 1987; Seward and Serdula, 1984; Unni and Richard, 1988). This difference may reflect a greater risk of infection and malnutrition among formula-fed infants in low-income populations living in areas with poor sanitation (Brown et al., 1989).
Although most studies have linked differences in the rate of weight gain with the mode of feeding, differences in linear growth between breastfed and formula-fed infants are small if differences in size at birth are controlled (Czajka-Narins and Jung, 1986; Dewey et al., 1989; Hitchcock and Coy, 1989; Nelson et al., 1989). Weight for length tends to be somewhat lower for breastfed infants than for formula-fed infants after age 6 months (Czajka-Narins and Jung, 1986; Dewey et al., 1989; Hitchcock and Coy, 1989). Thus, it is likely that the differences in weight gain patterns represent primarily differences in adiposity.
In affluent populations, the difference in rate of growth associated with mode of feeding during infancy is consistent with energy intakes of breastfed and formula-fed infants. At 3 to 4 months of age, reported average energy intakes of breastfed infants are lower than those of formula-fed infants—74 to 91 kcal/kg of body weight compared with 92 to 104 kcal/kg, respectively (Axelsson et al., 1987; Butte et al., 1984; Dewey and Lönnerdal, 1983; Dewey et al., in press; Shepherd et al., 1988). The subcommittee found only one study of infants older than 5 months that compared intakes by feeding method. Dewey et al. (in press) reported that average gross energy intakes of breastfed infants are consistently lower than those of formula-fed infants—84 and 98 kcal/kg, respectively, at 6 months; 87 and 97 kcal/kg, respectively, at 9 months; and 92 and 95 kcal/kg respectively, at 12 months—even though both groups received solid foods beginning at 4 to 6 months. As discussed in Chapter 5, these lower intakes by breastfed infants are governed primarily by infant demand, not by insufficient milk volume.
Assessment of Growth of Breastfed Infants
Growth charts used to assess infant growth are based on data derived primarily from formula-fed infants (Hamill et al., 1977). The commonly used NCHS infant growth charts are based on information collected by the Fels Research Institute from 867 infants born between 1929 and 1975. In that study, the mode of feeding was known for 75% of the infants. Of those, only 17% were exclusively breastfed and few were breastfed for more than 3 months. Furthermore, the infant formulas used at that time were less similar to human milk (for example, they were higher in total proteins, total fats, and saturated fatty acids) and the infants were more likely to be given solid foods before age 4 months than they are today (Fomon, 1987). Therefore, a number of investigators suggest that NCHS growth charts are inappropriate for breastfed
infants (Dewey et al., 1990; Duncan et al., 1984; Hitchcock et al., 1985; Whitehead and Paul, 1984).
Similarly, it has been noted (Dewey et al., 1989) that it can be misleading to assess growth of breastfed infants by using current reference data for the increment in weight or length during specified age intervals, such as data presented by Roche and colleagues (1989) based on the Fels Research Institute population. The 5th percentile of these reference data was suggested by Roche et al. as a cutoff to indicate infants at risk of malnutrition. Caution is needed in applying this cutoff because the data are based on predicted values obtained from measurements at 3- rather than 1-month intervals, which obscures some of the short-term variation in infant growth. Thus, more than 5% of all infants, regardless of feeding mode, would be expected to be below the Fels 5th percentile in any given month.
Furthermore, Dewey and coworkers (1989) found that the percentage of breastfed infants who fell below the 5th percentile for weight gain was much larger than would be expected, averaging 31% over the six 1-month intervals up to age 6 months and 52% over the six 1-month intervals between ages 6 and 12 months. On average, infants grew less rapidly than the 5th percentile during 4.4 months out of the first 12 months. Although these percentages seem alarming, these were healthy infants who fed on demand and received solid foods beginning at 4 to 6 months. Furthermore, with regard to morbidity, activity levels, or time sleeping during the first year of life, the breastfed infants with growth rates below the 5th percentile were not different from the breastfed infants with faster growth rates (Dewey et al., in press). Therefore, it is highly likely that their growth rates were normal and not a sign of malnutrition.
Recently, data have been published on weight and length gain of 419 breastfed and 720 formula-fed infants enrolled in growth studies in Iowa between 1965 and 1987 (Nelson et al., 1989). These infants were measured up to 112 days of age. One shortcoming of the study was that the breastfed infants were allowed up to 240 ml of formula per day, and before 1979, all infants were allowed solid foods beginning at 1 month of age. Therefore, additional data are necessary to construct appropriate growth charts for infants exclusively breastfed for the first 4 to 6 months and extensively breastfed throughout the remainder of the first year.
Long-Term Growth Status
Few investigators have examined whether the differences in growth rates between breastfed and formula-fed infants during the first year of life are maintained later on in childhood. Birkbeck et al. (1985) measured children at 7 years of age who were either breastfed for at least 12 weeks (N = 283) or formula fed from birth (N = 383). Children who had been breastfed were taller, but the difference was not statistically significant when controlled for
birth weight, parental stature, and socioeconomic status. Similarly, Pomerance (1987) found no differences in growth rate from 3 to 12 years of age between formula-fed children and those who had been breastfed for at least 2 months. These studies indicate no long-term difference in growth status attributable to breastfeeding. However, more data are needed on children breastfed for 4 months or longer.
Maternal Nutrition and Infant Growth
It is often assumed that maternal nutrition during lactation will affect milk volume and composition and, therefore, infant growth. However, Chapters 5 and 6 provide evidence that some of these assumptions are not necessarily valid. For example, the influence of maternal nutrition on milk volume is difficult to demonstrate, even in populations at substantial risk of malnutrition. The links among maternal nutrition, the composition of human milk, and growth rates of breastfed infants are problematic for several reasons. First, infant growth is not a very good indicator of milk or energy intake because the amount of energy required for growth is a relatively small fraction of total energy needs. In the first 2 months of postnatal life, growth accounts for approximately 30% of energy requirements, but this decreases to 5 to 10% at 4 to 6 months and to about 3% at 10 to 12 months (Butte, 1988). Second, several factors, such as intestinal malabsorption following digestive tract infections, may affect growth independently of energy intake. Finally, the energy content of fat tissue is much higher than that of lean tissue, so some consideration of the changes in body composition is necessary in evaluating different infant growth patterns.
The results of studies in Taiwan (Adair and Pollitt, 1985), Colombia (Herrera et al., 1980), and Guatemala (Lechtig and Klein, 1980) indicate that maternal nutrition during lactation has little direct impact on infant growth. In these studies, mothers were provided food supplements during both pregnancy and lactation, and infant weight gain was a main outcome variable. In only two cases was maternal supplementation associated with increased infant growth: among a subgroup of thinner breastfeeding women in the Colombia study (Herrera et al., 1980) and in a subset of the women in the Guatemala study for whom complete information was available (Delgado et al., 1982).
Several factors limit the interpretation of results from these studies: the provision of supplements to infants as well as to the mothers (Herrera et al., 1980; Lechtig and Klein, 1980), higher mean birth weights of the infants born to the supplemented mothers (Herrera et al., 1980), lack of information of the impact of the supplement on total maternal energy intake, and self-selection bias among women consuming greater amounts of the supplement in the Guatemala study (Lechtig and Klein, 1980).
Growth of breastfed infants during the first 4 to 6 months is similar in industrialized and developing countries (Whitehead and Paul, 1984). The initial
starting point—birth weight—may differ among populations, but the shape of the weight curve among exclusively breastfed infants from 0 to 6 months is remarkably consistent.
As noted below, several developmental indices have been associated with the mode of infant feeding. However, no reports have been published concerning the influence of maternal nutrition on any of these indices within a group of breastfed infants.
Gastrointestinal and Metabolic Responses
Compared with formula-fed infants, breastfed infants have slower rates of gastric filling (Lucas et al., 1981a) and faster rates of gastric emptying (Cavell, 1979, 1981). These differences may contribute to some of the differences in hormonal responses, such as the decreased insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses and the higher blood ketone levels, in breastfed as compared with formula-fed infants (Lucas et al., 1981b). These responses may have long-term effects on the fat deposition of the infant (see the section ''Obesity" below).
Studies in animals suggest that several components of human milk may contribute to gastrointestinal maturation (Koldovskỳ et al., 1988; Menard and Arsenault, 1988; Sheard and Walker, 1988). This is the subject of ongoing research but is beyond the scope of this report.
Other Physiologic Responses
Measurements of breastfed and formula-fed infants made during the first 3 postnatal days indicate a distinct physiologic state and a greater reactivity to stimuli among breastfed infants, in that their heart rates are slower and more variable and their vagal tone is elevated (DiPietro et al., 1987). Butte and coworkers (1990) reported that sleeping metabolic rate and body temperature are slightly lower in breastfed infants than in formula-fed infants at ages 1 and 4 months. Elias et al. (1986) and Wright and colleagues (1983) reported that breastfed infants are more likely to awaken at night than are formula-fed infants during the first 2 years, whereas Weissbluth et al. (1984) found no such difference among 4- to 8-month-old infants.
Several studies have compared the cognitive development of children aged 6 months to 15 years who were breastfed or formula fed (Fergusson et al., 1982; Menkes, 1977; Morley et al., 1988; Morrow-Tlucak et al., 1988;
Rodgers, 1978; Taylor and Wadsworth, 1984). Slight but statistically significant differences favoring children who had been breastfed were reported. In the most complete studies (Fergusson et al., 1982; Morrow-Tlucak et al., 1988; Taylor and Wadsworth, 1984), the influence of covariates such as maternal intelligence, educational level, socioeconomic status, child-rearing attitudes, and home environment were controlled for in the analysis. With these adjustments, the differences between groups, although smaller, remained statistically significant. The biologic importance of the findings is unclear. It is possible that the differences resulted from other confounding variables that were not identified or from enhanced maternal-infant interactions rather than from the specific biologic properties of human milk.
BREASTFEEDING AND MORBIDITY
Short-Term Effects
Breastfeeding may protect the recipient infant against common infectious diseases in four different ways:
Human milk inhibits the growth of many types of microbial pathogens. By avoiding foods other than human milk through exclusive breastfeeding, the infant's exposure to environmental pathogens is limited.
Breastfeeding enhances the nutritional status of infants under conditions in which poor sanitary environments and the low quality of weaning foods reduce the nutritional well-being of infants.
Through its contraceptive effects, breastfeeding may increase the interval between births (Habicht et al., 1985; Hobcraft, 1987; Thapa et al., 1988) and may thus both reduce the number of infectious contacts within households (Abay et al., 1984; Hanson, 1986) and permit more human resources and other benefits to be directed to fewer children.
Human milk contains an array of antimicrobial agents (Goldman and Goldblum, 1989), anti-inflammatory agents (Goldman et al., 1986, 1990b), and immunologic stimulating agents (Goldman and Goldblum, 1989, 1990), most of which are absent from infant formula, or are present only in limited quantities, and are produced by the young infant only in limited amounts.
The frequency of gastrointestinal infections appears to be much lower in breastfed infants than in formula-fed infants in many industrialized countries (Cunningham, 1981; Cushing and Anderson, 1982; Palti et al., 1984) and developing countries (Clemens et al., 1986; Glass and Stoll, 1989; Mata et al., 1967, 1969; Plank and Milanesi, 1973; Ruiz-Palacios et al., 1986). The protection against gastrointestinal infections is more evident in populations in which sanitary standards are low and potable water is not readily available.
However, a lower incidence of gastrointestinal infections in breastfed infants in the United States (Myers et al., 1984) and lower perinatal mortality from infectious disease among breastfed, compared with formula-fed, infants in England (Carpenter et al., 1983) suggest that the protective effects of breastfeeding are important in industrialized as well as in developing countries. Moreover, since breastfed infants may remain asymptomatic even after exposure to enteropathogens (microorganisms that infect the intestinal tract) contaminating the nipples and areola of the nursing mother (Mata and Urrutia, 1971; Wyatt and Mata, 1969), the protection afforded by breastfeeding is attributable to factors in the milk in addition to an avoidance of pathogens.
For some infections, the duration is shorter and the intensity is less in breastfed infants than in formula-fed infants, but the attack rate (the incidence during a defined period of risk) is similar (Duffy et al., 1986; Glass et al., 1983; Mata et al., 1967, 1969). For example, in Bangladesh, protection against infections but not against colonization with Vibrio cholerae correlated with the amount of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to that bacterium in the human milk (Glass and Stoll, 1989; Glass et al., 1983). In the United States, the protection afforded to infants against rotavirus appeared to result from factors in human milk other than specific antibodies (Duffy et al., 1986).
Protective effects of breastfeeding against certain respiratory infections have also been reported. For example, respiratory syncytial virus infections are less severe among breastfed infants than among formula-fed babies, although the attack rate is the same (Chiba et al., 1987; Downham et al., 1976; Pullan et al., 1980). In addition, serum interferon-α levels are higher in breastfed infants following respiratory syncytial virus infection (Chiba et al., 1987), even though the concentration of this antiviral agent is negligible in human milk. This suggests that the breastfed infant's immune system may be primed by human milk to respond to certain respiratory viral pathogens more rapidly and to a greater degree than is the case for formula-fed infants.
The incidence of otitis media is lower in breastfed than in formula-fed infants (Saarinen, 1982; Schaefer, 1971), but it is unclear whether this is a result of components of human milk or of other factors associated with the feeding method, such as higher enrollment of formula-fed infants in day-care centers, differences in the sucking mechanisms, or the adverse effects of foreign proteins in formula-fed infants.
The relationship between the nutritional status of the lactating woman and the susceptibility of the breastfed infant to infections requires further study.
The effects of various infant-feeding practices on the age of onset and severity of allergies have been extensively investigated. Breastfeeding appears to be protective against food allergies (see the review by Kramer [1988]).
Evidence concerning such protective effects against other types of allergies is conflicting. When suspected food allergens were excluded from the diets of pregnant and lactating women whose families were at high risk for atopic dermatitis (Chandra, 1987; Chandra et al., 1985), the incidence of this condition was lowered among breastfed infants compared with its incidence in a group of controls. Recently, Hattevig and colleagues (1990) also found that maternal dietary restrictions for 3 months during lactation resulted in a lower rate of atopic dermatitis among the mothers' infants for 6 months. Several case reports suggest that components of foods ingested by the mother pass into the milk and then cause allergic reactions in the infant, and that these problems can be prevented by excluding the allergens from the maternal diet (Cant et al., 1985; Harmatz et al., 1987; Jakobsson and Lindberg, 1978, 1983; Kilshaw and Cant, 1984; Shannon, 1921). Nonetheless, the benefit of prophylactic use of allergen-restricted diets for the general population of pregnant and lactating women is not well established (Hattevig et al., 1990).
Early observations that atopic eczema in infants is associated with abnormal serum lipids (Hansen, 1937; Hansen et al., 1947) have recently been confirmed and extended (Bordoni et al., 1988; Manku et al., 1982; Rocklin, 1986; Wright, 1989). The findings suggest that in affected infants, the conversion of dietary linoleic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated metabolites is defective (Wright, 1985). The administration of γ-linolenic acid, a normal constituent of human milk, helps alleviate the eczema (Biagi et al., 1988; Meigel et al., 1987; Morse et al., 1989). In keeping with that finding, human milk consumed by infants with atopic dermatitis had lower concentrations of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (a metabolite of linolenic acid) than did milk from control subjects (Morse et al., 1989).
Although the lay literature implies that maternal diet may contribute to colic (crying greatly in excess of 1 hour/day [Brazelton, 1962; Carey, 1984; Hunziker and Barr, 1986]) among breastfed infants, the subcommittee found only one study concerning this relationship. Results from that small study in Denmark (Jakobsson and Lindberg, 1978) suggest that the passage of food allergens, especially from cow's milk, through human milk accounts for 30% of the cases of colic in breastfed infants. It is difficult to generalize from that report, however, since the subjects may not have been representative of the overall population of infants with colic.
Chronic Diseases with an Immunologic Basis
Because human milk contains a host of direct-acting antimicrobial factors, anti-inflammatory agents, and substances that may hasten the maturation of the infant's immune system, there is reason to believe that development of chronic diseases having an infectious or immunologic basis may be influenced by the method of infant feeding. Recent investigations suggest that breastfeeding
exerts long-term protective effects against three such diseases: type I diabetes mellitus (Borch-Johnsen et al., 1984; Mayer et al., 1988), lymphoma (Davis et al., 1988), and Crohn's disease (Koletzko et al., 1989). Potential risk factors were identified for 114 cases of Crohn's disease and 180 controls (unaffected siblings) within 107 families. The children with this disease were less likely to have been breastfed (relative risk of 3.6 for formula-fed infants.) Even though each of these studies was retrospective and depended on long-term recall, the finding that breastfeeding may reduce the risks of developing serious disorders in later life warrants further investigation.
Effects of Infectious Agents
A discussion of infectious agents in human milk requires consideration of both exposure to the pathogen and development of overt disease. Collected human milk contains many common epidermal bacteria that are not harmful to the recipient infant. With appropriate management, it is uncommon for the infant to become infected from women with mastitis or breast abscesses (Rench and Baker, 1989; Thomsen et al., 1984). Enteropathogens such as Shigella and Salmonella species may contaminate human milk through the areola and nipples of the breast, especially if those bacteria are prevalent in the environment (Mata et al., 1967, 1969; Wyatt and Mata, 1969). However, symptomatic infections with those enteropathogens are unusual in the recipient infant, seemingly because of the activity of the host defense system in human milk.
Of more concern are the reports that human milk contains viral pathogens including cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, rubella virus, human T lymphocytotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Cytomegalovirus is common in milk produced by seropositive women (Ahlfors and Ivarsson, 1985; Dworsky et al., 1983; Stagno et al., 1980). As many as 70% of seropositive lactating women have the virus in their milk at some time (Ahlfors and Ivarsson, 1985). Although the infants become infected by ingesting the virus, the colonization does not progress to disease (Dworsky et al., 1983; Stagno et al., 1980), possibly because of specific IgG antibodies transferred via the placenta during pregnancy and immune substances provided in the mother's milk.
Both the wild and vaccine strains of rubella virus have been recovered from human milk (Buimovici-Klein et al., 1977; Klein et al., 1980; Losonsky et al., 1982). As a consequence of this transmission, mild clinical rubella has been reported, but severe disease has not.
Women who live in regions endemic for hepatitis B commonly have the surface antigens in their milk, but there is no evidence that breastfeeding is a route through which hepatitis B virus is transmitted and infection results (Boxall et al., 1974; Linnemann and Goldberg, 1974).
In parts of the West Indies, Africa, and the southwestern area of Japan, HTLV-1 (the retrovirus that causes adult T-cell leukemia) is endemic (Wong-Staal and Gallo, 1985). This virus is commonly found in milk from carrier women. Recently, epidemiologic evidence of the transmission of this virus via breastfeeding was found in an endemic population in the Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan (Hino, 1989). Since the annual incidence of adult T-cell leukemia in that population is estimated to be 0.1 to 0.2%, the demonstration of HTLV-1 in human milk is of great concern there. In a small sample investigated in Hino's study, 30% of breastfed, 10% of mixed-fed, and none of the totally formula-fed infants became positive carriers for the virus. Although it is not known whether the seropositive infants will develop the disease in later life, Hino has recommended that breastfeeding cease in that region of Japan to interrupt the spread of the disease. Follow-up studies are needed to validate or refute that recommendation. Although HTLV-1 is not a major disease in the United States, it is possible that a public health problem may develop if infected individuals immigrate to this country from endemic areas.
Of more immediate concern is the growing epidemic of HIV-1 infections in the United States and other countries and the possibility that HIV-1 may be transmitted to the infant via breastfeeding. Transplacental transmission of HIV-1 infections to the fetus occurs in about 30 to 40% of cases when women are seropositive during pregnancy. In contrast, the risk of transmitting HIV-1 via breastfeeding is not well established. Human milk contains CD4+ T cells and macrophages that are prime targets for the virus. There are two reports of the detection of HIV-1 in human milk (Thiry et al., 1985; Vogt et al., 1986). Moreover, there are several reports of the postnatal acquisition by the mother of HIV-1 by transfusion of contaminated blood and the subsequent transmission of the infection to the infant, ostensibly by breastfeeding (see the review by Davis [1989]). The risk of transmitting the infection under more natural conditions remains uncertain.
More recent studies suggest that there is little likelihood that HIV-1 is a frequent contaminant of human milk or that breastfeeding is an important route of transmission of the virus. In a preliminary report (Yolken et al., 1990), the HIV-1 virion, RNA, messenger RNA, or integrated complementary DNA could not be demonstrated in the milk of HIV-1-infected women by the polymerase chain reaction. In addition, specific antibodies to HIV-1 (Yolken et al., 1990) and other factors that inhibit the binding of HIV-1 envelope proteins (gp120) to CD4+ T cells (Newburg and Yolken, 1990) have been found in human milk.
Finally, a preliminary report of a European collaborative study on perinatal HIV-1 infections suggests that the risk of transmitting HIV-1 infections by breastfeeding women who were found to be seropositive during pregnancy is low (M.L. Newell, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, personal communication, 1990). However, the results of that study are inconclusive since only small numbers of infants were investigated; a more extensive follow-up
of the infants will be required to ascertain whether there is a discernible risk of HIV-1 attributable to breastfeeding. In addition, studies are needed to determine whether breastfeeding provides health benefits to the infant who is infected with HIV-1 during intrauterine life.
Until more definitive information is available, the reader should consult two public health pronouncements on this subject: in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 1985) advised mothers who are seropositive for HIV-1 not to breastfeed; the World Health Organization (WHO, 1987) took the view that the risk of transmitting the virus in human milk is uncertain and that breastfeeding should be encouraged, especially in developing countries, because of the known health benefits of human milk.
The effects of early feeding practices—both type of feeding (formula or human milk) and timing of introduction of solid foods—on immediate and subsequent weight have been extensively studied (see reviews by Hamosh [1988], Hamosh and Hamosh [1987], Himes [1979], and Kovar et al. [1984]). However, there are limitations in many of those studies. For example, the duration and degree of breastfeeding were seldom reported, and data on infant feeding practices were often based on parental recall rather than recorded information (see reviews by Hamosh and Hamosh (1987) and Kramer [1981, 1987]).
Nevertheless, no association between breastfeeding and obesity in the adult has been established. In general, early studies indicated that breastfed infants were much leaner than formula-fed ones (Taitz, 1977; Weil, 1977), whereas later studies show a weaker association (Dubois et al., 1979; Ferris et al., 1980; Hofvander et al., 1982; Saarinen and Siimes, 1979b; Shukla et al., 1972; Sveger et al., 1975; Vobecky et al., 1983). This difference may be attributable to the introduction of new formulas in the 1980s (the later formulations are more similar to human milk) and to changes in parental attitudes that have led to less overfeeding of formula-fed infants (reviewed by Hamosh [1988], Hamosh and Hamosh [1987], and Whitehead et al. [1986]). Furthermore, Birkbeck and colleagues (1985) controlled for familial differences in socioeconomic status and stature, but their results failed to show that breastfeeding prevents obesity in children.
The genesis of obesity appears to involve many factors (Hamosh and Hamosh, in press), including critical periods of pre- or postnatal adipose tissue development, genetics (Bouchard et al., 1990; Mueller, 1983; Ravussin et al., 1988; Stunkard et al., 1986, 1990), eating style (Agras et al., 1987), energy expenditure (Berkowitz et al., 1985; Bogardus et al., 1986; Bray, 1987; Elliot et al., 1989; Ravussin et al., 1988; Roberts et al., 1988), and social factors (Agras et al., 1987; Berkowitz et al., 1985; Roberts et al., 1988). Thus, the precise role of breastfeeding in this process remains undetermined.
For years there has been interest in whether the cholesterol content of human milk, which is higher than that of commercial infant formulas, has a beneficial or adverse effect on later development of atherosclerosis.
Studies in animals, including rats, guinea pigs, and baboons, have failed to provide clear-cut evidence that the mode of feeding affects blood cholesterol levels (see the review by Hamosh [1988]), but they suggest that feeding cholesterol may affect the mechanism of handling cholesterol in the body (Mott et al., 1990). Human studies (Fomon et al., 1984; Friedman and Goldberg, 1975; Hodgson et al., 1976; Huttunen et al., 1983; Marmot et al., 1980) show only small and inconsistent differences in serum cholesterol levels between formula-fed and breastfed children and young adults. Confounding genetic factors and dietary intake after weaning may not have been adequately considered in the interpretation of study results (Wissler and McGill, 1983). Furthermore, the extent and duration of breastfeeding have not been considered with sufficient rigor in most studies. Thus, the specific effects of the types of infant feeding on the development of atherosclerosis cannot be assessed at present.
BREASTFEEDING AND MORTALITY
Research Through 1950 in Developed Countries
Since the latter part of the last century, a great deal of attention has been given to the relationship of the mode of infant feeding with the infant's subsequent survival (see Appendix A).
Differences in postneonatal mortality rates between breastfed and bottle-fed infants in the developed countries from 1850 to 1950 are vividly summarized in Figure 7-1. The trends are striking and straightforward: there were markedly lower mortality rates among breastfed than among bottle-fed infants throughout. Although mortality rates, and thus absolute differences in mortality rates between the two groups, fell dramatically during the period, the relative advantage of breastfed infants persisted throughout, such that the postneonatal death rates of breastfed infants continued to remain at least half those of bottle-fed infants. While infant mortality rates among both breastfed and bottle-fed groups are now very low, there is no current information on whether breastfeeding confers any advantages for infant survival in the developed countries.
Research in Developing Countries
Some generalizations that can be made from the studies abstracted in Appendix B may also be relevant to policy in developed societies. First, there is a consistently increased risk of mortality among formula-fed infants under
FIGURE 7-1 Estimated postneonatal mortality rates among breastfed and bottle-fed infants, various locations, 1870-1950. From Wray (1990) with permission.
1 year of age than among breastfed infants. Second, most studies suggest that infants receiving both human milk and formula have lower death rates than those of infants given only formula, but that exclusive breastfeeding is associated with the lowest mortality rates.
There are fewer data on the incidence of infectious disease than on the severity of the infection (that is, case fatality). During the neonatal period, the incidence of infectious disease appears to be lower among exclusively breastfed infants. After the neonatal period, incidence appears to be relatively less affected by mode of feeding, but severity appears to be much lessened among infants who have been breastfed. However, there are several exceptions to these generalizations: for example, Plank and Milanesi (1973) found little protection from breastfeeding among infants who were simultaneously receiving supplemental food.
The association between breastfeeding and mortality after 1 year of age has been inconsistent. For example, while Cantrelle and Leridon (1971) found no protection during the second and third years of life, Briend et al. (1988), in a careful prospective study in rural Bangladesh, observed that breastfeeding provided persistent and strong protection against mortality throughout the age span studied (up to the infants' third birthday). It does appear that even in primitive conditions excess mortality is not inevitable among those weaned
after the first birthday, but the situations in which protection is not conferred by breastfeeding are not understood.
In general, the relationship of breastfeeding to child mortality in developing countries has been found to be less strong with increased educational and social status of the mother. See, for example, the results of Palloni and Tienda (1986) from studies conducted in Peru.
Recently there has been renewed focus on the effect of child spacing among breastfed infants (see Chapter 8) on child survival (Hobcraft, 1987; Thapa et al., 1988). In countries with high infant and child mortality rates, Hobcraft (1987) estimated that a closely spaced preceding birth (a birth interval of less than 2 years) is associated with a 50% increase in the risk of mortality before age 5 for the new (index) infant. At a birth interval of less than 12 months, the risk is even higher. If another infant is born before the index child's second birthday, the index child's risk of dying before age 5 was estimated to increase by 55%. Controlling for birth weight did not influence these estimated effects, suggesting that they were in addition to the shortened interpregnancy intervals resulting from preterm delivery. In developed countries, the overall impact of child spacing on survival is probably minimal (Fedrick and Adelstein, 1973), but further research is needed to assess whether there is an impact among disadvantaged families.
Research in Developed Countries Since 1950
The subcommittee found only six published studies relating mode of infant feeding with mortality based on data collected since 1950 in the developed world (see Appendix A); three of these were concerned with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (one of them focused on botulism). Naeye and colleagues (1976) found an odds ratio of 1.3 (not significant) for increased risk of SIDS among infants who were not breastfed. An odds ratio of 3.06 for formula-fed versus either breastfed or mixed-fed infants was calculated by the subcommittee from the data of Biering-Sorensen et al. (1978). Arnon and colleagues (1982) found significantly higher rates of breastfeeding among infants hospitalized with botulism than among controls but a decreased likelihood of sudden death from botulism among those who were ever breastfed.
In a study in Sheffield, England, covering the years between 1970 and 1979, Carpenter et al. (1983) attributed a decrease of 0.8 postperinatal infant deaths per 1,000 births to increased rates of breastfeeding, but no direct comparison of the rates of breastfed and bottle-fed infants was presented. A study from Canada (Department of National Health and Welfare Canada, 1963) was concerned exclusively with Canadian Indians, a relatively deprived and therefore atypical population.
Differences, even of large magnitude, may be difficult to detect in the developed countries, with their generally low infant and child death rates.
Larger and more sophisticated studies are needed to determine whether or not breastfeeding leads to lowered infant mortality in developed countries, especially among poor mothers and children.
There are many other unanswered questions about breastfeeding and infant mortality: (1) What are the relative impacts on infant mortality of improvements in nutritional status, immunologic competence, or protection from a contaminated food supply? (2) Up to what age is breastfeeding protective? (3) What are the relative merits of exclusive breastfeeding compared with partial breastfeeding supplemented by other foods? (4) What is the relative impact of breastfeeding on the incidence of infection as opposed to the severity of infection?
For further information, see the reviews by Cunningham (1981), Jason et al. (1984), Kovar et al. (1984), Kramer (1987), Winikoff (1981), and Wray (1978, 1990). Those of Cunningham (1981) and Wray (1978, 1990) are particularly informative. Since there are many sources of confounding possible when comparing death rates between breastfed and other infants, the reader is referred to the information on sources of bias at the beginning in this chapter and to the review by Kramer (1987).
MEDICATIONS, LEGAL AND ILLEGAL DRUGS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS
The subcommittee's understanding of nutrition during lactation would be incomplete without consideration of foreign, potentially toxic substances passed from mother to infant via human milk. Such substances are discussed briefly below.
Certain drugs and environmental chemicals that enter a mother's body may appear in her milk. The hazard, if any, posed by extraneous substances in milk is dependent upon a number of factors:
the pharmacokinetics of the foreign substance, including its molecular size, solubility, ionization, protein binding, acidity, metabolism, storage, and excretion (Wilson, 1981);
the mode of entry of the agent, as well as its absorption, efficiency of metabolism, and excretion by the mother (Lawrence, 1989; Rivera-Calimlim, 1987);
the physiologic maturity of the infant, which influences whether or not the compound can be absorbed by the neonatal gut, detoxified, or excreted, or whether the infant is otherwise unusually susceptible to the effects of the foreign substance.
Maternal medication is usually not a reason to discourage breastfeeding.
If the mother requires a drug that poses a risk for her infant for only a short time, she can pump her breasts to maintain lactation and discard the milk. This applies to diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, antiprotozoal compounds, and a few antibiotics that cannot be safely given to an infant (such as chloramphenicol). Compounds such as sulfadiazine may be contraindicated for the breastfeeding mother in the early postpartum period but are well tolerated when the infant is at least 1 month of age. Certain other drugs are contraindicated during breastfeeding. They include antineoplastic drugs, therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, lithium, lactation-suppressing drugs, certain antithyroid drugs, and synthetic anticoagulants (for specific information, see Briggs et al. [1986], Committee on Drugs [1989], and Lawrence [1989]).
Caffeine or Coffee
The use of caffeine to treat immature infants with apnea has provided an opportunity to study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of this drug in neonates. The milk-to-plasma ratio ranges between 0.5 and 0.8—an amount less than 1% of the maternal dose. However, when an infant receives frequent doses, caffeine can accumulate, causing wakefulness or irritability. Maternal consumption of one or two caffeine-containing beverages per day is not associated with unacceptable levels of caffeine in human milk (Committee on Drugs, 1989; Wilson, 1981; Wilson et al., 1985).
There is evidence from a study in Costa Rica that maternal consumption of three or more cups of coffee per day during pregnancy and lactation can affect iron concentrations in milk and infant iron status at 1 month of age (Muñoz et al., 1988). Studies in rats suggest that this effect is not due to caffeine but to some other component(s) in coffee (Muñoz et al., 1986). There is a need for further investigations in other populations and in pregnant and lactating women consuming fewer than three cups of coffee per day.
Small amounts of alcohol have been recommended in many cultures as a means of stimulating milk secretion. On the other hand, excessive alcohol intake has been associated with failure to initiate the let-down reflex (see Chapter 5), high alcohol levels in the milk, and lethargic nurslings (Cobo, 1973), as well as with adverse health consequences for the mother. Wilson and colleagues (1980) comment: ''The observation that acetaldehyde, the major metabolite of ethanol, is not excreted in the milk is significant since some have postulated that acetaldehyde contributes to the toxicity of alcohol" (p. 34). In a study of 1-year-old infants, Little and colleagues (1989) found a strong positive association between psychomotor development scores obtained with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley, 1969) and a proxy measure for exposure to alcohol
through breastfeeding. Actual differences in these scores were minor for groups at the extremes of alcohol exposure. The scores of infants of breastfeeding mothers who occasionally drank (e.g., one or two drinks per week) did not differ from those of infants who were not exposed to any alcohol through breastfeeding. The amount of alcohol in the milk, the impact of confounding socioeconomic factors, and deficits in maternal interactions with the infant were not reported in this study. Therefore, it remains unclear whether alcohol in human milk presents a problem to the infant.
Cigarette smoking may adversely affect milk volume (see Chapter 5). Neither Luck and Nau (1985) nor the subcommittee found reports of associations between nicotine levels present in the milk of heavy smokers and symptoms in their nursing infants.
Studies to compare nicotine and cotinine levels of breastfed and formula-fed infants are most appropriate if conducted after the infants are 8 days old to eliminate the effect of transplacental exposure. The blood levels of nicotine and cotinine in infants of smokers vary widely, regardless of feeding method. It appears that absorption of nicotine in the respiratory tract, which is rapid and complete, is greater than absorption of nicotine form human milk. The infant's exposures from inspired air and from milk amount to less than 5% of the average dose inhaled by an adult smoker. Ranges of measurable nicotine in the milk vary from 1.4 to 62 ng/ml and are usually higher than the corresponding serum level. The nicotine content tends to increase with increased depth of inhalation and with an increased number of puffs per cigarette (Luck and Nau, 1985).
Although no reports have been published associating nicotine from human milk with infant health problems, it is advisable to counsel mothers to avoid smoking for 2.5 hours before feeding (Luck and Nau, 1987) and to avoid smoking in the infant's presence.
Marijuana appears in human milk as δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, which is poorly absorbed in this form but may be sufficient to cause lethargy and decreased feeding frequency and duration after prolonged exposure. Heroin and cocaine also appear in human milk and place the infant at significant risk of toxicity, despite the low bioavailability from milk (Chasnoff et al., 1987).
In high-exposure areas, the milk of some women contains insecticides.
Organochlorinated compounds were investigated worldwide after the first report in 1951 of the presence of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in the milk of healthy U.S. women (Laug et al., 1951). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, and heptachlor epoxide have also been identified in milk from women with known heavy exposures. In a study of hundreds of subjects at delivery in the Great Lakes region of New York State in 1978, PCB was not detectable in the cord blood of the infants or in the milk of the mothers, except when the women illegally ate contaminated lake fish at least once a week (Lawrence, 1989). In general, PCB levels in milk decline over the period of lactation and with the number of children nursed (Rogan et al., 1986) if there are no new exposures during this period.
The levels of DDT and other insecticides in human milk vary with the weight of the mother, the number of children, the duration of lactation, and the residence and occupation of the mother (Rogan and Gladen, 1985; Wilson et al., 1973). Insecticide levels in human milk tend to be higher than those in cow's milk, because humans are at the top of the food chain. Levels are higher at the end of a single nursing because the fat content of the milk is increased at that time.
In a study of 858 children from birth to 5 years of age whose mother's milk contained PCBs and dichlorodiphenyl ethane (DDE, a metabolite of DDT) after a heavy exposure, there was no evidence of change in growth rate or general health, nor were there adverse effects on weight gain or differences in the number of physician visits for illness. However, DDE in the human milk was associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding (Gladen et al., 1988; Rogan et al., 1987). These children remain under surveillance.
Agent Orange (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin), the best known of the dioxins, has been found in human milk in pooled samples from women with known exposures to high levels in Vietnam. There is no evidence that the U.S. population at large is at risk (Schecter and Gasiewicz, 1987; Schecter et al., 1986, 1987).
Heavy metals—such as lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium—are found in higher concentrations in certain water supplies, cow's milk, and reconstituted formula than in human milk (Dabeka et al., 1986; Jensen, 1983). Thus, breastfed infants are exposed to lower amounts than their formula-fed counterparts are. Whenever there has been an exposure or a woman has been found to have elevated mercury or lead levels, the infant's serum and the milk levels should be checked (Perkins and Oski, 1976). In the case of lead poisoning, evidence suggests that maternal serum levels under 40 mg/dl are not associated with elevated lead values in the milk (Dillon et al., 1974). Lead levels in milk are lower than would be predicted from maternal serum levels (Wolff, 1983). Based on a single case study, Ryu and colleagues (1978) state that loss of lead from the body can be expected in breastfed infants exposed to lead in utero if their lead intake is less than 5 µg/kg of body weight per day.
Filer (1968) summarized the effects of radionuclides in several parts of North America upon infants and children. Staub and Murphy (1965) found less radiostrontium in human milk than in cow's milk specimens collected in Denver and Chicago during 1959 to 1961. The deposition of strontium-90 in deciduous teeth of infants in St. Louis was also much greater in formula-fed than in breastfed infants (Rosenthal et al., 1964). Filer (1968) recommended that one of the principal methods of limiting radionuclide intake by infants would be to increase the percentage of infants who are breastfed. For more current information concerning the problem of radionuclides in foods, the reader is referred to the report of Carter (1988) of the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear explosion.
If there is a possibility of heavy environmental contamination, the mother should discuss the concern with the physician and, when appropriate, testing can be arranged through a state-approved laboratory.
For the biological reasons discussed in this chapter, breastfeeding is recommended for all infants in the United States under ordinary circumstances. Exclusive breastfeeding is the preferred method of feeding for normal full-term infants from birth to age 4 to 6 months. Breastfeeding complemented by the appropriate introduction of other foods is recommended for the remainder of the first year or longer, if desired. The subcommittee and advisory committee recognize that it is difficult for some women to follow the recommendations for social or occupational reasons, such as those discussed in Chapters 2 and 3.
During the first 2 to 3 months of lactation, exclusively breastfed infants generally stay at approximately the same weight-for-age percentile or gain weight at a slightly faster rate, although they ingest less energy than do formula-fed infants. After the third month, exclusively breastfed infants tend to follow lower weight-for-age and length-for-age percentiles. In general, those patterns are not altered by the introduction of solid foods.
The nutritional status of breastfed infants in the United States is generally excellent because of the uniqueness of the composition of human milk, including the high bioavailability of many of its constituents. In general, nutritional supplements are not needed for the breastfed infant. Nevertheless, certain nutritional interventions sometimes may be warranted, as described under the section "Recommendations for Clinical Practice" below.
In general, breastfed infants have fewer gastrointestinal or respiratory infections than do formula-fed infants in both developed and developing countries, but the extent to which breastfeeding is protective may depend upon the type of microorganism and the degree to which the infant is exposed to that pathogen.
Although some studies suggest that maternal nutrition may affect the immunologic components in human milk, no studies address the effect of such changes upon the susceptibility of the recipient infant to infectious diseases.
Breastfeeding appears to protect against food allergy and eczema, but the protective mechanisms are not understood well. The subcommittee concluded that to reduce the chance of allergy or colic in their breastfed infants, mothers should not avoid important food sources of nutrients such as cow's milk in the absence of objective evidence provided by oral elimination-challenge trials (see later section "Maternal Diet"). Although there are some reports of untoward reactions in breastfed infants linked to extrinsic food allergens in human milk, the use of food allergen-restricted diets in pregnancy, lactation, or both should be limited to those cases for which the sensitization has been proven.
Recent epidemiologic studies suggest that breastfeeding may lessen the risk of developing certain chronic diseases (such as lymphoma, Crohn's disease, and type I diabetes mellitus) later in life.
Current evidence does not warrant the conclusion that breastfeeding will prevent obesity in the offspring.
The effects of breastfeeding on infant and childhood mortality in the United States deserve study, especially among subgroups with higher than average mortality rates.
In general, human milk has not been shown to transmit infections, but more research will be required to ascertain the risk to the recipient of HTLV-1 in human milk and whether HIV-1 is a major infectious agent in human milk.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
The following steps should be taken to ensure adequate nutrition of breastfed infants:
All newborns should receive a 0.5- to 1.0-mg injection or a 1.0-to 2.0-mg oral dose of vitamin K immediately after birth, regardless of the type of feeding that will be offered the infant.
The infant should be given a 5.0- to 7.5-µg supplement of vitamin D per day if his or her exposure to sunlight appears to be inadequate.
Fluoride supplements should be provided only to breastfed infants who live in households in which the fluoride content of the water supply is low (<0.3 ppm).
Human milk is a sufficient source of iron for the first 6 months of an infant's life, but foods with bioavailable iron, iron-fortified foods, or a low-dose iron supplement should be provided at 6 months, or earlier if supplementary foods are introduced before that time.
The milk of complete vegetarians is likely to be deficient in vitamin B12. In such cases, it is desirable to supplement the infant and either to find an acceptable food source of vitamin B12 for the mother or to provide her with a supplement of this vitamin (even if she is asymptomatic).
Infant Growth
The subcommittee recommends that health care providers be informed about the differences in growth between healthy breastfed and formula-fed infants. On average, breastfed infants gain weight more slowly than do those fed formula. Slower weight gain, by itself, does not justify the use of supplemental formula. When in doubt, clinicians should evaluate adequacy of growth according to the guidelines described by Lawrence (1989).
Breastfeeding ordinarily confers health benefits to the infant, but in certain rare cases it may pose some health risks. The following recommendations address some aspects of infant health:
Breastfeeding is recommended to reduce the incidence and severity of certain infectious gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and other disorders in infancy.
Mothers should be encouraged to continue breastfeeding, even if they develop mastitis, with certain rare exceptions, but they should be advised to seek early treatment (see Lawrence [1989] for specific recommendations).
Neither cytomegalovirus nor hepatitis virus infections during lactation are contraindications to breastfeeding. In the case of hepatitis virus infections, immunizations are necessary regardless of the mode of feeding. Rubella immunization is warranted in seronegative women during the immediate postpartum period even if the woman chooses to breastfeed.
For mothers requiring medication and desiring to breastfeed, the clinician should select the medication least likely to pass into the milk and to the infant.
Medications rarely pose a problem during lactation; breastfeeding is contraindicated if certain drugs must be administered. Such drugs include antineoplastic agents, therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, some but not all antithyroid agents, and antiprotozoan agents. Medications that can be given to infants can be taken by the lactating woman.
In those rare cases when there is heavy exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, or other contaminants that may pass into the milk, breastfeeding is not recommended if maternal levels are high.
Maternal Diet
Objective evidence should be obtained from an oral elimination challenge trial before advising women to make long-term diet changes to reduce the problem of allergy or colic in their breastfed infants. In such studies, the suspected food allergen is first eliminated from the mother's diet to determine whether the breastfed infant will become asymptomatic. Oral challenges should then be conducted under careful medical supervision to ascertain whether the symptoms can be reproduced. Provoked reactions should be treated with appropriate medications as rapidly as possible. If a basic food must be eliminated from the diet for weeks to months, adequate nutrient intake should be promoted through special dietary planning.
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Nutrition During Lactation Get This Book
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On the basis of a comprehensive literature review and analysis, Nutrition During Lactation points out specific directions for needed research in understanding the relationship between the nutrition of healthy mothers and the outcomes of lactation. Of widest interest are the committee's clear-cut recommendations for mothers and health care providers.
The volume presents data on who among U.S. mothers is breastfeeding, a critical evaluation of methods for assessing the nutritional status of lactating women, and an analysis of how to relate the mother's nutrition to the volume and composition of the milk.
Available data on the links between a mother's nutrition and the nutrition and growth of her infant and current information on the risk of transmission through breastfeeding of allergic diseases, environmental toxins, and certain viruses (including the HIV virus) are included. Nutrition During Lactation also studies the effects of maternal cigarette smoking, drug use, and alcohol consumption.
Front Matter i–xvi
1 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 1–19
2 Introduction 20–27
3 Who Breastfeeds in the United States? 28–49
4 Nutritional Status and Usual Dietary Intake of Lactating Women 50–79
5 Milk Volume 80–112
6 Milk Composition 113–152
7 Infant Outcomes 153–196
8 Maternal Health Effects of Breastfeeding 197–212
9 Meeting Maternal Nutrient Needs During Lactation 213–235
10 Research Recommendations 236–246
A Detailed Abstracts of Studies in Industrialized Societies Relating Breastfeeding with Infant and Child Mortality 249–262
B Detailed Abstracts of Studies in Developing Societies Relating Breastfeeding with Infant and Child Mortality 263–278
C Summary of Composition Data for Macronutrients of Human Milk 279–286
D Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 287–290
Acronyms 291
Glossary 292–296
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Inauguration Of Jefferson Davis To Be Re-enacted At Alabama State Capitol
Doug Mataconis · Friday, February 18, 2011 · 16 comments
The whitewashing of the history of the Confederacy continues:
The 150th anniversary of Jefferson Davis’ inauguration as president of the Confederacy will be marked Saturday with a re-enactment of his swearing-in ceremony.
The sesquicentennial event — the Confederate Heritage Rally 2011 — in the state’s capital also includes a parade up Dexter Avenue to the state Capitol and a re-enactment of the raising of the first Confederate flag.
Saturday’s event is being sponsored by the Sons of Confederate Veterans to commemorate the founding of the Confederate States of America. The SCV has about 800 chapters throughout the world — including Australia, Brazil, British Isles — and about 60 in Alabama.
Jefferson Davis was sworn on the steps of the Capitol — there is a bronze star marking the spot.
The sponsors of the event, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, are well-versed in the art of disinformation when it comes to the Confederacy:
A lot of people don’t keep up with history,” he said. “We are an organization that honors our ancestors because we felt they were fighting for independence,” Gayle said. He hopes the younger generation “learns a little bit. All you hear about in the paper is that the Civil War is all about slavery.
“We have been misrepresented for a lot of years. (The Civil War) was more about taxation than anything else. The federal government raised the taxes on exports, and that’s what we were making down here at that time — cotton. It jumped from 15 percent to 40 percent.”
The problem that Gayle faces is that his theory is completely at odds with the language of the secession resolutions of the southern states, and the words of Alexander Stephens, who went on to become the Vice-President of the Confederacy:
Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its corner- stone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; that slavery subordination to the superior race is his natural and normal condition. This, our new government, is the first, in the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truth. This truth has been slow in the process of its development, like all other truths in the various departments of science. It has been so even amongst us. Many who hear me, perhaps, can recollect well, that this truth was not generally admitted, even within their day. The errors of the past generation still clung to many as late as twenty years ago. Those at the North, who still cling to these errors, with a zeal above knowledge, we justly denominate fanatics. All fanaticism springs from an aberration of the mind from a defect in reasoning. It is a species of insanity. One of the most striking characteristics of insanity, in many instances, is forming correct conclusions from fancied or erroneous premises; so with the anti-slavery fanatics. Their conclusions are right if their premises were. They assume that the negro is equal, and hence conclude that he is entitled to equal privileges and rights with the white man. If their premises were correct, their conclusions would be logical and just but their premise being wrong, their whole argument fails. I recollect once of having heard a gentleman from one of the northern States, of great power and ability, announce in the House of Representatives, with imposing effect, that we of the South would be compelled, ultimately, to yield upon this subject of slavery, that it was as impossible to war successfully against a principle in politics, as it was in physics or mechanics. That the principle would ultimately prevail. That we, in maintaining slavery as it exists with us, were warring against a principle, a principle founded in nature, the principle of the equality of men. The reply I made to him was, that upon his own grounds, we should, ultimately, succeed, and that he and his associates, in this crusade against our institutions, would ultimately fail. The truth announced, that it was as impossible to war successfully against a principle in politics as it was in physics and mechanics, I admitted; but told him that it was he, and those acting with him, who were warring against a principle. They were attempting to make things equal which the Creator had made unequal.
There were many factors that led to the Secession Crisis of 1860, but at the root of it all was the institution of slavery, and its protection and expansion. For that reason, it is not worthy of being commemorated. Shame on you Alabama.
H/T: Dave Weigel on Twitter
FILED UNDER: Quick Takes, History
I’ve said it before, if those peckerwood states want to secede again, why, they can go right ahead.
I don’t have a problem with historical reenactments. Last week, Springfield, Illinois reenacted the 150th anniversary of Lincoln’s departure for Washington D.C.
Good for you Doug.
Brummagem Joe says:
And to think my tax dollars are going to subsidise this red state that doesn’t believe in big govt. I agree with all your comments Doug and applaude them as they are entirely accurate but the personal problem for you is that the belief system that animates your party is essentially southern in ethos. A noxious compound of agnatology, resentment, militarism, racism, nativism. In the long run it’s not the basis for a national governing party.
Yeah… Lincoln is very popular in Alabama
Yet another celebration of slavery. Lovely.
“I don’t have a problem with historical reenactments.”
Yes, but certainly not historical reenactments based on lies and a complete misrepresentation of history…
John Curran says:
Maybe the Germans can reenact Hitler’s ascension to the chancellorship of Germany on Jan. 30, 2013. That will be the 80th anniversary of said event. Yeah, that’s a good idea.
It might be helpful to understand the reasoning of the people who advocated for continuing slavery in the 1860’s.
As you can tell from Alexander Stephens’ writings, he believed that the anti-slavery movement was the result of a lack of knowledge by Northerners. The use of slaves had been institutionalized for centuries and the consensus opinion of learned minds had concluded that blacks were an inferior race. It was settled science. Stephens was simply citing the best available information of the day in pointing out the “deficit in reasoning” of the deniers.
The basis for his position was most probably grounded in his interpretation of doing the right thing. Like most people in the South who lived in a society where slavery was an accepted part of life, Stephens would view himself as someone who was helping and protecting a segment of mankind that couldn’t look after themselves. He would argue that if blacks were not being provided for by the plantation owners and simply workers being paid, they would surely not be able to effectively manage their money and end up starving. Due to their interaction with slaves, Southerners would assume that unsophisticated blacks would be easy prey for clever con artists selling worthless “magic rocks” for a month’s wages. This attitude still holds forth today in the liberal community towards blacks and school vouchers.
People like Stephens would not be unaware of stories of Africa, where the enslavement of weaker groups by warrior tribes was (and in some instances still is) the normal course of life. The brutality towards slaves inflicted by the African captors would be far worse than anything imagined by plantation owners, so they believed they had “rescued” their slaves from a terrible fate. As religious people, the owners also thought that by forcing Christianity on their slaves, they were saving their souls from eternal damnation.
Naturally, slavery was wrong. However, the people of the time engaged in the holding of slaves didn’t believe they were doing evil and in fact most believed they were good. To demonize people of that era based on today’s standards and sensibilities for actions they believed to be for the best seems a bit out of context.
jwest — The Nazis believed Jews were an inferior race, and their extinction was necessary for the continued survival of the human race. Many of the people involved in their mass murder didn’t believe they were doing evil and in fact most believed they were good.
So let’s embrace them?
This is particularly hilarious coming from a knee-jerk right-winger who routinely insists that Democrats are evil commies who want to destroy America by helping its citizens get healthcare.
Whereas those who bought and sold slaves, who raped and murdered and worked them to death, who broke up families and sold off their children, they were only looking out for the poor Africans’ welfare.
It’s almost unimaginable how loathesome today’s right has become.
WR,
People have been misled throughout history by mistakenly thinking they were doing the right thing, when in fact they were perpetrating a terrible evil.
A hundred years from now, people will look back on how liberals supported teachers unions over the interests of inner city children and say that that they had to know the damage they were causing. Hopefully, there will be someone like me to bring context to the discussion so you’re not branded as evil villains.
Again, it’s the 150th anniversary of the civil war. Civil war affiliated sites, groups and tourist bodies are all announcing plans for these kinds of events. I had once intended to go to the Alabama State Capitol to see this important site, and it’s certainly not a reflection of a favorable disposition to Jefferson Davis, but car trouble in Birmingham prevented me. I would watch this if I was in the area.
Yes, jwest, supporting unions is exactly the same as supporting slavery. And apologizing for slavers is just the generosity of your spirit.
jwest, who care so much about inner city children he thinks they’d be better off as slaves than taught by union members. A good Republican to the core.
Timberdoodle says:
Check what Charles Dickens said about the reason for the War. Until you do, follow the advice of the old saying, “Tis better to keep silent and let others think you are a fool, than to open your mouth and remove all doubt”.
JOHN GRIMERS says:
Tuesday, February 22, 2011 at 18:11
READ YOUR HISTORY!!! REAL HISTORY PEOPLE!!
Lincoln Voted to keep Blacks out of his State and also stated in the Dill debates that a Black man was not even half of a white man. Lincoln was a RASIST!! soooo READ YOU HISTORY PEOPLE! Slavery was a politcal move. All he cared about was th Union. He didnt care about the Black man or Slaves. Grant has slaves until 1863! Lincoln freed people he could not free. He did not free slaves in the North and any union Loyaltist in the South could keep there slaves! () percent of Confederates did not own a slave.. thats a fact! They we fighting for there Land! There homes. There Family and there Country!! What about the Black Confederates that got shoot on site in Northern Prisons??
READ YOUR HISTORY PEOPLE!! THE TRUE HISTORY! PICK UP A BOOK! DONT BE SHEEP AND FOLLOW EVEYBODY ELSE!! WAKE UP!!
JOHN GRIMES says:
That was supposed to say 90 percent of confederates didnt own slaves….
Removing Confederate Statues Is Not ‘Erasing History’
The Confederate Flag Has Always Been About Hate, Not “Heritage”
Charlottesville Reopens The Debate Over Confederate Symbols
Nikki Haley’s Revisionist History
Memo To South Carolina: Your Secession Is Nothing To Celebrate
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Making Predictions Is Hard
Dave Schuler · Monday, November 24, 2008 · 19 comments
especially about the future, as Niels Bohr once said (and was echoed by Yogi Berra). The National Intelligence Council has published its quintennial attempt to part the mists of the future and consider what the world might be like seventeen years hence in 2025. A good place to start taking a look at it might be the executive summary published at the Atlantic Council’s web site. There are links from there to our patron here, James Joyner’s, excellent commentaries on the report.
Unfortunately, I think James has been altogether too kind in his assessment of the report. Whatever the cost of preparing it might have been, it wasn’t worth it. I’m not the only one who thinks so. Here’s one incisive commentary:
Frankly, it’s not worth the hard drive space: India and China are rising (due to a “growing middle class”), as are non-state actors, continued growth will be a problem, catastrophic terror attacks are more likely, but terrorism can be solved with greater economic growth in the Middle East, Russia’s gonna be big too, “state capitalism” works. We’ll be powerful because of our focus on security and DoD and IC in 15 years too.
Tom Barnett is similarly unenthused:
Disappointing to see the NIC default to resource wars as a generalized bit of futures fear-mongering. It’s just so unimaginative and reflects the NIC talking to a lot of stale academics who trot out their analogies to 19th-century colonialism and balance-of-power politics while completely discounting the profound economic–and especially financial–interdependence (the latter currently on display big time).
Frankly, I think a better job could have been done by a half dozen reasonably well-informed graduate students over beer in a pub. I question the methodology of this report. To my eye the contributors lean altogether too heavily towards historians and political scientists (sorry, James) and far too lightly to hard scientists, engineers, and anthropologists. Here’s a sample bon mot from the report:
Leaders and their ideas matter. No history of the past hundred years can be told without delving into the roles and thinking of such leaders as Vladimir Lenin, Josef Stalin, Adolf Hitler or Mao Zedong. The actions of dominating leaders are the hardest element to anticipate. At several junctures in the 20th century, Western experts thought liberal and market ideas had triumphed. As demonstrated by the impacts of Churchill, Roosevelt, and Truman, leadership is key even in societies where institutions are strong and the maneuvering room for wielding personal power is more constrained
This idea goes gack to Thomas Carlyle. It’s the “Great Man” theory of history and I think it’s a load of bull. While individual historical figures, e. g. Julius Caesar, Napoleon, Mao, may bring color and texture to the fabric of history that fabric is formed by economics, demographics, and social structures. Gaius Julius Caesar might have elected never to cross the Rubicon into the precincts of Rome, fomenting the collapse of the Republic and the rise of the Empire. Rome would still have been expansionist and there would still have been an empire. Rome’s location, population, and way of life demanded it. We’d just have used some other word for monarch than Kaiser or tsar.
France was loaded for bear after the French Revolution. Even without Napoleon’s military genius it still would have spread the Revolution all over Europe. It might not have invaded Russia but it most certainly would have invaded Italy.
And so on. The ghastly thing about that pronouncement in this document is that it has nothing whatever to do with the meat of the document at all. Nowhere do the authors demonstrate how the choices of individual leaders will influence the world of 2025. If they’re saying that the world of 2025 is completely unpredictable because it will be so completely formed by the decisions of unpredictable leaders in that world they could have stopped this 120 page report at page 25.
There is a repeated confusion of absolute growth with relative growth. While emphasizing the significance of the latter they don’t seem to appreciate that it’s absolute power, strength, and wealth that’s important not relative power, strength, and wealth. China is powerful because of its enormous size not just because of its relative growth, however dramatic that might be. The U. S.’s continued absolute power, strength, and wealth despite the relative change in power, strength, and wealth insures U. S. pre-eminence for the foreseeable future, even with our present economic downturn. Were it otherwise Luxembourg would be the most important country in the world.
While they pay lip service to the importance of demographics, the authors don’t see to apprehend the implications of demographic forces in the case of individual countries. It is a fact that China’s work force will have begun to shrink by 2025 and it is likely that it will continue to shrink for decades following that. That means that even in the absence of other forces wages in China will be likely to rise, an important stressor on the economy of a country that has based its growth on being the low cost provider of labor, and significant stress will be placed on China’s military (the labor force competes with the military for the same people), China’s social institutions, and China’s government institutions. If there’s one thing that’s certain about China it’s that present facts render the persistence theory an extremely poor predictor of events in China over the next couple of decades and the persistence theory has overweening significance in this report.
If there’s one thing that Americans should have learned over the last six years, it’s that culture matters in how societies react to catastrophic events. The significance of culture is all but absent from the assessments in this report.
I’m sorely tempted to convene my own competitive colloquium on this subject. We could surely do a better job than this.
FILED UNDER: General, Future history
About Dave Schuler
Over the years Dave Schuler has worked as a martial arts instructor, a handyman, a musician, a cook, and a translator. He's owned his own company for the last thirty years and has a post-graduate degree in his field. He comes from a family of politicians, teachers, and vaudeville entertainers. All-in-all a pretty good preparation for blogging. He has contributed to OTB since November 2006 but mostly writes at his own blog, The Glittering Eye, which he started in March 2004.
The Glittering Eye » Blog Archive » Is It Possible says:
Monday, November 24, 2008 at 10:42
[…] to sue a futurist for malpractice? I’ve put my thoughts on the NIC report, Global Trends for 2025, at Outside the Beltway. […]
I think your misgivings are valid, Dave.
The problems you cite, though, are almost inevitable given the starting formulation that 1) required consensus and 2) was conducted and published under the imprimatur of the U.S. Government intelligence community.
Jeff Medcalf says:
The Great Man theory is wrong in the sense that there are underlying institutional and cultural factors that move things in a certain direction. But it’s not completely wrong, because when inflection points happen, it is the leadership that determines whether the event is a historical blip (because “nothing came of it”), a crisis no one could have controlled (think Buchanan prior to the Civil War) or a major change in history (as with Caesar). Without Caesar and Pompey and Crassus, Rome would have still been expansionist, but it would have been an expansionist Republic rather than an expansionist Empire.
Without Caesar and Pompey and Crassus, Rome would have still been expansionist, but it would have been an expansionist Republic rather than an expansionist Empire.
No it wouldn’t. Rome was waiting for an emperor to claim her, and there were more than enough contenders for the throne. Caesar just got there first. Likewise Hitler and Napoleon. The “Great Man” theory is wrong because it assumes that the decisive actions come from the man, not the other way around.
Grewgills says:
The “Great Man” theory is wrong because it assumes that the decisive actions come from the man, not the other way around.
As in any single sentence summation, this is too simplistic. Rome may have had an emperor, but when and how exactly it happened matter more than you credit. The personality and competencies/exceptionalities also matter more than you appear to credit. Germany between the wars was also looking for a strong nationalist leader, but they didn’t of social necessity need one that would attempt to exterminate the Jews and Gypsies.
The great man theory in isolation foolishly ignores the role of evolving social, political, and economic structures, but it is also foolish to ignore the role of ‘great men’ in shaping those structures.
Germany between the wars was also looking for a strong nationalist leader, but they didn’t of social necessity need one that would attempt to exterminate the Jews and Gypsies.
Maybe not, but certainly there was a widespread public sentiment against Jews already, and certainly the annexation of Austria, re-occupation of the Rhineland, and the reclaiming of the Sudetenland would have happened under almost any other nationalist leader. Even the invasion of Poland would likely have happened so long as Stalin and his party were in power in Russia.
it is also foolish to ignore the role of ‘great men’ in shaping those structures.
I didn’t. Re-read what I wrote. Leaders may swim in the river, float in the river or dam the river but they aren’t the river. Influence, yes; determine, no.
I didn’t.
I didn’t mean to imply that you did. I just wanted to emphasize that neither extreme position was correct and that the truth lies in the middle.
Influence, yes; determine, no.
I guess the question there is when does influence become determination or when does a difference in degree become a difference in kind?
Maybe not, but certainly there was a widespread public sentiment against Jews already…
The Jews and Rom would not likely have faired well in whatever strongman led government followed the Weimar Republic, but it was not just German social evolution that led to wholesale slaughter that was not even fully known by much of the populace. Any strongman would also likely have taken back the Sudetenland and at least some of the other contested territories. Whether that leader would have had the spectacular successes and equally spectacular failures of Hitler is an open question. I tend to find it unlikely, but it is of course all hypothetical.
I still think there are some Great Men without whom the very processes that create history would not have occurred.
Think of Mohammed. Assuming what we know about him is true (the historical parts, not the religious parts), then what would have happened had he not existed? You still might have gotten some religious leader coming out of Arabia, but he might have been not quite as driven, or as religious.
Think about it. If you don’t get Islamic Arabs coming out of Arabia, then the Persian Empire either doesn’t get conquered, or does so much more slowly. That gives the Byzantine Empire much more time to get through all the crap it was going through in the 7th century CE. You might still get Arab coalitions of tribes (they’d existed before), but they were generally much less long-lasting. That’s not just damming the river; that’d be shifting the entire river into a new bank, with major impersonal historical factors (like religion) missing.
No great men, eh?
Hmm…so if George Washington was killed during the Seven Years War, and its Benedict Arnold instead that takes the leading role during the Revolution everything works out more or less as we know it because economics, demographics and social structures remain more or less the same?
So, if Churchill’s was killed in Manhattan by a taxi (or died in the plane crash in 1919), and Halifax became PM, it would be economics etc. that determined the outcome of WWII?
Certainly, one can but too much emphasis on individual actors, but I think it is nonsense to say they only add “color and texture to the fabric of history”. In fact, all of the great (and not-so-great) systematic attempts to account for history using only “economics, demographics, and social structures” (if we can take that to include their philosophical underpinnings), have been dismal failures. Hegel, Marx, Lenin, Trotsky, Spengler, Hitler, and Toynbee all had a problem with the future following nothing like the course they predicted. Hegel might look at Napoleon and see “the spirit of the age” at work, but in reality it was Napoleon the man at work and he had no interest in Hegel’s theories.
It seems better to me to say economics, demographics and social structure provide the context within which historical actors function. That context in many important ways limits what actions are open to historical actors (in a variety of ways), but that is not the same thing as saying they determine them. Additionally, there are important actors who have the affect of changing the context they exist within, thereby opening up previously unknown or proscribed possibilities.
Societal change has four elements: the attitudes that make up the society and the institutions that embody those attitudes; the commonly-accepted boundaries of who and what is part of that society (“us” and “them”); the crisis that challenges the institution’s (or institutions’) ability to meet society’s needs; and the personalities then wielding influence. The first two make up the stream, as Dave would put it, and are basically what keeps things going on a stable and predictable course in between crises.
When the crisis comes, how it is handled depends on all of the other factors, and how they react. One of these is certainly the leadership, and if they react in such a way that it damps down the crisis, or turns it to advantage, in preserving and strengthening the cultural attitudes and institutions, then the crisis is in retrospect not seen as a particularly big deal, even if it was. If the leaders, instead, turn the crisis into a grab-all for themselves (as Caesar, et al, did; as Hitler did; as FDR did), then it can lead to massive social re-ordering. This isn’t always a bad thing. (FDR was, at worst, a mixed bag, and our Founding Fathers were a pretty good deal for everyone but the English.) Just as FDR turned the US far more towards socialism, reordered the economy and institutions of society, and essentially changed the American character in large part, an equally driven leader who looked towards libertarian ends (say, a Coolidge type) could have saved and restored American institutions of the time, and rebuilt American confidence, leading the 1929-1933 recession to stay as just that, a recession, albeit deeper than most. Instead, we had a progressive, and a bit of a megalomaniac (as witness his running for a FOURTH term when he knew he was dying!) who made massive changes to society. That was not foreordained.
So no, the great men are not the only influence on events, but they are a very, very major influence on events, as important as the cultural attitudes and institutions. Yes, sometimes, there are events that would arise no matter who was in place in leadership (in or out of government). Other times, though, those events arise because of who was in place in leadership.
Washington wasn’t a particularly gifted (or lucky) general, I’m sure Arnold would have performed just as well. I also doubt, given that the events proceeding Arnold’s treason wouldn’t have taken place, that he would have been any less patriotic than Washington. No matter really, as Lee would most likely have been in charge without Washington, not Arnold.
Washington wasn’t a particularly gifted (or lucky) general, I’m sure Arnold would have performed just as well.
But there is no indication that Arnold understood the need to simply keep an army in the field the way Washington did. Arnold would have wanted to win the Revolution via “feats of arms,” and when that became less and less likely…who knows?
As for Lee, you are probably right, but there is always that chance.
buermann says:
page 67: “A terrorist use of a nuclear weapon or an escalating conflict between two nuclear powers,
such as India and Pakistan, would graphically demonstrate the danger of nuclear weapons”
No kidding?
Michael, Arnold’s wife was a Tory. That certainly had a great deal of influence. I suspect that even without being passed over, and even without the investigation into his debts, Arnold still would have been easy to turn. In fact, without the investigation into his debts, he might have turned quicker.
For the “great man theory” I would also point to George Washington and his decision not to create a dictatorship when he easily could have and was pressured to do so. Without Washington our democracy could have been quite different.
Okay, I’ll play along, suppose Churchill had died in 1919. That means Chamberlain has no pressure to move right, no vocally anti-Bolshevik behind British foreign policy. Maybe, then, the British take up Stalin’s offer to defend Czechoslovakia and thus don’t give Hitler any concessions at Munich.
Or later, again without an anti-Bolshevik around to scare Stalin, Ribbentrop goes back to Berlin empty handed and the Nazi invasion of Poland is halted by Russian forces.
Sobre el sujeto de la historia: la historia de los grandes hombres vs. la historia de los sistemas complejos | filoblog.com says:
Thursday, November 27, 2008 at 15:21
[…] que nunca insistiremos lo bastante en la idea que expresa David Schuler (vÃa Zenpundit) Esta idea se remonta a Thomas Carlyle. Se trata de la teorÃa de los grandes […]
Wanted: a Grand Strategy (Updated) says:
Tuesday, December 2, 2008 at 19:04
[…] the same title I used for this post to urge a new grand strategy taking the factors noted in the NIC’s report on global trends as a roadmap. If that’s the case I hope that more insight is evident in reading those trends […]
Economic Growth Slows In Final Quarter Of 2018
Initial Estimate Shows Economy Grew 4.1% In Second Quarter
Are 80 People Richer Than Half the World? Not Really.
June Jobs Numbers Bust Past Expectations But Uncertainty Remains
China’s Economy Appears To Be Slowing Significantly, And That Could Have A Huge Impact
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Washington Post Won’t Use ‘Redskins’ in Editorials–But Will on Sports Pages
The capital's paper has issued a partial ban on the controversial nickname of the local NFL franchise.
James Joyner · Saturday, August 23, 2014 · 13 comments
In an act of hypocritical pandering, the Washington Post will no longer use the controversial nickname of the local NFL franchise in its editorial pages—but will continue profiting from Redskins coverage on its sports pages.
WaPo (“Washington Post editorials will no longer use ‘Redskins’ for the local NFL team“):
THIS PAGE has for many years urged the local football team to change its name. The term “Redskins,” we wrote in 1992, “is really pretty offensive.” The team owner then, Jack Kent Cooke, disagreed, and the owner now, Daniel M. Snyder, disagrees, too. But the matter seems clearer to us now than ever, and while we wait for the National Football League to catch up with thoughtful opinion and common decency, we have decided that, except when it is essential for clarity or effect, we will no longer use the slur ourselves. That’s the standard we apply to all offensive vocabulary, and the team name unquestionably offends not only many Native Americans but many other Americans, too.
What we are discussing here is a change only for editorials. Unlike our colleagues who cover sports and other news, we on the editorial board have the luxury of writing about the world as we would like it to be. Nor do we intend to impose our policy on our readers. If you write a letter about football and want to use the team name, we aren’t going to stop you.
But as Mr. Carey noted, every time the R-word is used, something disrespectful is happening. We hope Mr. Snyder and the NFL will acknowledge that truth sooner rather than later. In the meantime, we’ll do our best not to contribute to the disrespect.
This policy makes no sense whatsoever.
As regular readers know, I’ve come around in recent years to the view that, despite its proud heritage as the name of one of the oldest and successful teams in NFL history, the term “Redskins” is also a racial epithet that’s offensive to many and should be changed. Many, including my OTB colleague Doug Mataconis, disagree.
But, frankly, the WaPo position is precisely backwards. To be a meaningful gesture, the paper should stop using the name on its sports pages, where people who care about the Redskins come to read coverage on their beloved team. The editorial pages are much less read and almost never talk about the team0—and when they do, they’re almost always do so in the context of the naming controversy.
FILED UNDER: Race and Politics, Sports
Saturday, August 23, 2014 at 09:10
Baby steps. But “R-word” made me laugh.
Tyrell says:
Considering their record over the last several years, a more appropriate name is “Washington Congress”.
File this one under “we managed to pass a non-binding resolution condemning the usage of…”
This policy makes perfect sense. You’ve heard conservatives who refer to the Democratic Party as the Democrat Party? That’s stupid. You can talk about the flaws in the party all you want to, but you don’t have the power to change its name. Personally, I get a little sick when I hear that band of Middle Eastern terrorists referred to as the “Islamic State”. They’re not a state, they’re a crime wave. But that’s their name.
And more broadly, we have to recognize the difference between reporting and commentary. A news outlet is useless if it refuses to make the distinction. I never thought I’d be defending the WaPo, and refusing to use the Redskins’ name is pure junior high school, but they can print whatever they want to in their opinion section.
Seems kind of lame to me.
Basically, Dan Snyder will not change the name until it becomes clear to the rest of the owners in the NFL that they (the other owners) are losing money because of Snyder’s intransigence.
The other owners are reticent to step up now because typically, billionaire owners are used to doing what ever they want (flip side: they do not want other billionaires telling them what to do with their franchises.) If the majority of the other owner/billionaires start to feel an economic impact because of the “Redskins” moniker, then “Redskins” will go away.
@al-Ameda: According to some reports, the NFL sttendance and tv viewer numbers have been fairly flat the last few years. There are some explanations: high prices of going to an NFL game, tv overexposure, and growing popularity of college football and other sports. The Redskins remain one of the most popular and valuable sports franchises, mainly because of their proud tradition and hall of fame players and coaches, way too numerous to name here and way above most teams.
If and when Mr. Snyder decides to rename his team, my personal preference (and that of a lot of people) is Warriors. His top priority now is to return a tradition of winning to this great franchise.
@Tyrell:
@al-Ameda: According to some reports, the NFL sttendance and tv viewer numbers have been fairly flat the last few years. There are some explanations: high prices of going to an NFL game, tv overexposure, and growing popularity of college football and other sports.
The at-home experience is pretty good – big screen TV, free parking, cheap seating is available restrooms, cheaper food and much more, like Red Zone. In most venues in-person attendance costs an average of $200/game, beer is $10 or so, parking is $30 to $60, and on and on.
The NFL remains inexplicably over-popular but maybe that is coming to an end.
@al-Ameda: true, i hate paying $40 to park, plus ticket prices,etc. just so i can wait in line for someone to pee on my shoes.
heck, i could have gone to the superbowl a few years beck but had 0.0 desire to partake of the “scene”.
@bill: I hear you Bill. Football and the big screen are made for each other. I used to go to 49er games, however I tired of the grind to and from the game, let alone alcoholic fans inflicting themselves on fans with careers and an actual life.
Sunday, August 24, 2014 at 13:26
The Washington Post should just pick a nickname to refer to them as, something that has a bit of the same major consonants as Redskins, so people recognize it, and with a meaning that hardens back to the original proud heritage of the word “redskin”, but which won’t offend their delicate sensibilities to use it in print.
I suggest the Washington Racial Slurs.
John S says:
As the WP needs (and obviously knows they need) the Redskins much more than the Redskins need the WP Snyder should simply revoke all WP media credentials for events he controls until the editorial board reverses itself, admits it was wrong, and formally apologizes.
Monday, August 25, 2014 at 22:30
why they need to be on the editorial page is just weird to begin with.
@al-Ameda: wow, we agree on something, buy lotto tickets! plus, i hate the cowboys/jerry jones and will do anything to avoid giving that swine a penny. a friend of mine gave me a ticket to the cotton bowl a few years back, $100 seat as it wasn’t a big bowl game but i nearly pissed myself when the parking dude said $40. the stadiums nice but the seats suck, beer/food is obscenely priced, everyone’s watching that ginormous tv instead of the actual game- and there’s lines for the bathroom in a billion dollar stadium…..that’s just wrong. .
mannning says:
Circuses and bread and the name of the team are what we get in this era of degeneration in many spheres of endeavor. There must be a thousand far more significant issues to discuss than the Redskin’s name! One might think this is one of those distractions that remove space in the news for what the current masters want to hide. It most certainly turns real fans of the team into raving maniacs, and otherwise-directed people into frumps and picky parties. I suppose the next target for the slurry named teams will be the Cleveland Indians. Enough, there are better things to occupy one’s mind that this stupid controversy. The owner has the right to retain the name of his team, it is no slur, and if you don’t like it, just stay out of the way, and for God’s sake quit using space for the issue!
Federal Judge Upholds Revocation Of Redskins Trademarks
America’s Problems Solved, Congress Now Wants To Change The Redskins’ Name
F.C.C. Rejects Petition To Declare ‘Redskins’ An Obscene Word
Federal Appeals Court Ruling Raises Doubts About Rulings Against Redskins Trademarks
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View works.
Porcelain 'Blade Form', c1985
Ruth Duckworth’s delicate and ethereal porcelain and stoneware of the 1960s, mostly hand-built, helped to push ceramics in a very interesting, more sculptural direction. Her other-worldly organic forms influenced the hand-building that emerged early in the next decade. Born in Hamburg, she received her art education in England, and studied ceramics at the Central School in the late 1950s. Duckworth (1919-2009) subsequently settled in Chicago where she remained for the rest of her life. She was associated with a revolutionary group of hand-builders at the Central that included Gordon Baldwin, Dan Arbeid and Gillian Lowndes. Their work was unapologetically experimental, a serious exploration of clay beyond the ramifications of function. Duckworth went on to concentrate on the sensuously expressive qualities of smooth clay, worked into strange preternatural forms, often on a small scale. She produced architectural work and larger scale pieces, though her later more figurative art lacked some of the frisson and energy of her earlier explorations.
David Whiting
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Linda L. Amstutz
Reader Submitted
Richmond, Indiana - Linda L. Amstutz, 70, of Brownsville, died Monday, October 9, 2017 at Reid Health, Richmond.
In Frankfort, Indiana on December 15, 1946, Linda was born to Clarence Edward and Alma May Wagoner Osmun and was a 1965 graduate of East Tipp High School, Lafayette, Indiana. On August 28, 1966, Linda married Dewayne Amstutz, a day before his birthday, at her parents' home in Pettit, Indiana. For over twenty-five years, they raised and farmed veal; raising three to five hundred calves at a time. In April of 2004, Linda began her career as a greeter for Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. After relocating to be near family, Linda transferred to the Richmond store and operated the photo lab. She was previously employed at Purdue University, in the chemistry billing department and also volunteered for several years as a 4-H Leader for the 'Frog Pond' club. Linda was a proud follower of the Mennonite faith for over fifty years. In her leisure time, she enjoyed to read and solve jig-saw puzzles. Linda was a devoted wife, mother, grandmother and great-grandmother.
Linda is survived by her husband of fifty-one years, Dewayne Amstutz; her children and their spouses: Frederick D. Amstutz, Sr. and Janie of Greenfield; Thom E. Amstutz and Cindy of Charleston, Illinois; Paul E. Amstutz and Angel Kiracofe of Fountain City; Becky L. Lafuze and Nathan of Richmond; her siblings and their spouses: Charles E. Osmun and Emma of New Castle; Mildred Keaton and Jim of Mulberry; her five grandchildren, five great-grandchildren, three step-grandchildren; four step-great-grandchildren and several nieces and nephews.
Linda is preceded in death by her parents.
Funeral services for Linda will be conducted at 1 p.m. Thursday, October 12, 2017 at Showalter Blackwell Long Funeral Home, Fosdick Chapel, Liberty with Rev. Harold Young of Community Christian Church, officiating. Interment will follow in Brownsville United Methodist Church Cemetery. Friends may visit at the funeral home from 11 a.m. until the time of service where memorial contributions may be made to the Mennonite Relief Fund or the American Cancer Society. For further information or to send condolences or memories, go to www.ShowalterBlackwellLong.com or scan here:
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COVID-19-related medical research: a meta-research and critical appraisal
As with many fields, science has been put to the test by the coronavirus pandemic. An international team of researchers, led by French scientists, has demonstrated novel scientific practices around Covid-19. Under the pressure of the number of cases and the urgent need to understand the virus, many research groups have shared results, sometimes to the expense of high scientific standards.
During the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic, medical research saw a historic number of studies on the coronavirus published in a short period of time. An international consortium of experts in medical methodology undertook the major challenge of evaluating the Covid-19 research during this first wave.
Assessment of the Utility of Kidney Histology as a Basis for Discarding Organs in the US
New research indicates that analyses of kidney biopsies from deceased donors don’t provide meaningful information beyond standard assessments of donor and recipient characteristics. In addition, the study revealed that relying on these analyses has prompted the discard of many potentially suitable organs for transplantation in the United States. The findings appear in JASN.
Despite a critical scarcity of organs available for transplantation, thousands of deceased donor kidneys are discarded each year in the United States.
Identification and characterization of trajectories of cardiac allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation
Every year, tens of thousands of deaths are due to end-stage heart failure in Europe and in the US combined. Heart transplantation is the ultimate treatment, but its number is dramatically limited due to the shortage of organs in those countries.
In the same time, the chances of survival beyond one year after transplantation have remained unchanged in recent years, despite significant progress in immunosuppressive therapy and patient care.
One of the most common reasons for long-term graft failure and patient death is an accelerated form of coronary artery disease called cardiac allograft vasculopathy. It is a frequent complication that affects up to half of patients within 10 years following heart transplantation. Yet, until now, little has been known about the different evolutive profiles of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and their risk factors.
Prediction system for risk of allograft loss in patients receiving kidney transplants: international derivation and validation study
The first universal algorithm for predicting the risk of kidney transplant loss, named iBox, has been developed, validated and just made public by teams from Europe and the US.
The iBox is designed for clinicians to personalize and improve patient follow-up. The iBox could also accelerate the development of new immunosuppressive treatments by reducing the duration of clinical trials and defining a valid surrogate endpoint.
Chronic kidney disease affects 1 out of 10 people worldwide and is steadily increasing. When it reaches end-stage renal disease and endangers the lives of patients, dialysis or transplantation is required.
Disparities in Acceptance of Deceased Donor Kidneys Between the United States and France and Estimated Effects of Increased US Acceptance
New publication in JAMA Internal Medicine: The first international analysis of renal transplant patient data shows that a change in allocation criteria in the United States could benefit patients on the waiting list. Thousands more kidneys could be transplanted each year if the United States used, as France does, kidneys from older donors.
Nearly 5,000 people in the United States and 3,500 in Europe die each year waiting for a kidney transplant. Yet, over the same period, in the United States, more than 3,500 available kidneys were discarded. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Internal Medicine today published our results, obtained with the help of an international team, that compared the use of kidneys available in the United States and France between 2004 and 2014.
Using a new approach based on validated analytical methods and computer simulations, this work revealed that French transplant centres are much more likely to transplant kidneys from older donors than their American counterparts, and that this effectively increases the number of patients transplanted.
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To submit a news tip, please email [email protected], otherwise, feel free to contact a staff member directly using the information below.
PR and Media, please reach out to Editor-in-Chief [email protected]net.
For business inquiries, please email [email protected].
Chandler Wood – Editor-in-Chief
–Email: [email protected]net
–Read Chandler’s Posts
–Favorite Games: Destiny, Metal Gear Solid, Final Fantasy VII, Transistor, Red Dead Redemption
Chandler has been playing video games for most of his life. His first real passion and appreciation for games, however, came with the PlayStation and Final Fantasy VII. Since that time he has become a dedicated PlayStation advocate and an avid PSN trophy hunter, with an impressive trophy count to back his gaming claims, and as of 2012, a member of the PSLS staff. More recently, Destiny has taken over, even overshadowing his love of trophies. Chandler has poured more than 3200 hours into the series since D1 first launched. “Chandy” has an amazing wife that fully supports his love of games, beer, coffee, and PlayStation LifeStyle.
Anthony “Sev” Severino – Founder/Director of Content & Operations
–Read Anthony’s Posts
–Favorite Games: Mortal Kombat II, Final Fantasy Tactics, The Legend of Zelda: BotW, Metal Gear Solid
Anthony founded PlayStation LifeStyle back in 2008 and turned the site into a major brand, reaching over 2M unique users monthly. After selling the site to Evovle Media in 2010, Anthony was hired to continue to operate PlayStation LifeStyle and take on the management of GameRevolution.com. Anthony went on to grow GameRevolution in addition to PlayStation LifeStyle by over 250% during his tenure. As Anthony’s expertise grew across additional content categories, Anthony was promoted to Executive Editor of CraveOnline.com – a premiere Men’s lifestyle destination. After taking on additional responsibilities at the business operations level, Anthony took on a larger role with the company, managing 13 Men’s lifestyle sites across Entertainment, Gaming, Sports, Music, and more. Anthony now manages the entire CraveOnline network of websites, driving over 250 million views per month, reaching over 25 million unique monthly users, and leads a social media audience of over 4.25 million followers.
Cameron Teague – Reviews
–Read Cameron’s Posts
–Favorite Games: Ultima Online, Suikoden III, Counter-Strike: Source, Ni no Kuni, Persona 3
Cameron has been a gamer ever since he first got hooked on Gemfire for the SNES way back when. RPGs, specifically the Suikoden series, are his poison of choice when it comes to gaming, but he enjoys almost every genre out there. In the odd case that Cameron is not gaming (seriously, it rarely happens), he is a proud father of two and a huge fan of Kpop, Kdramas, and anime. Cameron has always been a fan of the PlayStation brand and has been working for PSLS since 2009.
Brianna Reeves – News Editor
–Read Brianna’s Posts
–Favorite Games: Mortal Kombat Trilogy, The Last of Us, THPS2, Deus Ex: Human Revolution, Batman: Arkham City
While the SNES is responsible for Brianna’s first gaming memories, a borrowed PlayStation and Mortal Kombat 3 turned the hobby into a passion. This passion has influenced nearly every aspect of her life, even finding its way into her studies. A fondness for the various ways in which stories are told in games, mixed with her love of writing, inspired Brianna to pursue the Master’s Degree she’s recently earned in English Literature. When she’s not writing or gaming, Brianna is either reading comics or watching one of the two dozen television shows based on them.
Zarmena Khan – News Editor
–Read Zarmena’s Posts
-Favorite games: Assassin’s Creed, Heavy Rain, LA Noire, GTA: San Andreas
Zarmena’s long-term relationship with video games began when she discovered her father’s collection of video games for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum at a time when gaming was “something only boys did.” Discouraged by a culture of non-acceptance, she went on to complete higher education and ended up with a Master of Science degree from the UK, specializing in international business. After living in two continents and having worked for various multinationals and the British government, she decided to take a leap of faith like Ezio Auditore and recently settled for freelancing in the games industry. She’s proud to be a part of PSLS.
Annette Polis – Social Media Manager
–Read Annette’s Posts
–Favorite Games: Final Fantasy IX, Persona 4 Golden, Dead or Alive Xtreme 3, Yomawari
Annette’s been gaming since the 80s when she fell in love with Dark Chambers on the Atari 2600. Since then, she’s discovered a love for JRPGs, quirky indie games, and is addicted to both Fallout and Elder Scrolls franchises. She’s also addicted to Japanese culture, has an unhealthy obsession for Sailor Moon, and loves her Nendoroid collection as though they were all real boys and girls.
Paulmichael Contreras – Contributing Editor
–Favorite Games: No Man’s Sky, God of War, Gran Turismo, Titanfall, Warframe
Paulmichael has been with PlayStation LifeStyle in some fashion since 2008. Living just outside of Downtown Los Angeles, he’s been able to live his lifelong dream of attending E3 not just once, but seven times! A thoughtful reviewer, every game you see scored by PmC has been given careful attention. Paulmichael is also an Android fan and an avid snowboarder.
Louis Edwards – Contributing Editor
–Read Louis’ Posts
–Favorite Games: Ridge Racer 7, MLB: The Show, Gran Turismo
Louis is a Contributing Editor at PlayStation LifeStyle. His gaming experience goes way back to the late 70’s arcade era and rumor has it that he still owns an Atari 2600 console. He is the father of 3 and grandfather of 2. He has been with PSLS since 2009 and covers live events in the San Francisco area. GDC anyone?
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The Healing Art in Medicine
Cameron Sharp
Pharmaceutical Executive, Pharmaceutical Executive-12-01-2015, Volume 35, Issue 12
Pharm Exec talks with David Dosa, a leading physician in geriatric medicine, whose famous work with a cat named oscar in end-of-life diagnostics became the stuff of therapeutic legend.
Though he comes from a family of pediatricians, Dr. David Dosa, a health researcher and Assistant Professor of Medicine at Brown University Medical School, chose geriatrics. He realized early on that there was a coming healthcare crisis for the elderly demographic. As the US population ages, there will be an unprecedented demand for end-of-life care and services for the elderly from a system that’s largely unprepared to meet it.
It’s his ability to maintain simultaneously a general and a focused perspective regarding the issues of geriatrics and the practice of medicine overall that makes Dosa an interesting physician to profile. More importantly, he brings the clarity of an accomplished, best-selling writer to emphasize the human element that drives everything we face in healthcare. Very much alive to the general trends that make the aging population such a challenge to our collective mandate to promote good health, he still knows the importance of providing a level of care tailored to each patient.
Dosa cites this belief as the biggest takeaway from his book, Making Rounds with Oscar: The Extraordinary Gift of an Ordinary Cat. The staff at the nursing home in Providence, Rhode Island, where Dosa served as a consulting physician considered Oscar a typical unfriendly, self-possessed cat until they noticed that he had the peculiar habit of cuddling up next to those patients whose deaths were imminent. Although there may have been a
physiological reason for Oscar’s behavior-one theory is the cat could scent the biochemicals released by disintegrating ketone cells in the terminally ill-the sheer human effect was most prominent, giving comfort to the dying as well as family caregivers and staff.
As he studied Oscar during his time at the facility, Dosa took this idea to heart-and realized that sometimes the best thing a physician can do for his patient is just to be there and listen. Dosa articulated this view in a July 2007 article published in The New England Journal of Medicine, and subsequently in his book, which was on The New York Times bestseller list for eight weeks and subsequently published in 20 languages worldwide.
A deep appreciation for the patient as a human being governs how Dosa practices. When asked about his work with vet- erans and with the elderly, he explained that it was the wealth of individual experiences that his patients share with him that makes his work meaningful. “I’m a storyteller, and I like to listen to stories; I love hearing from people. As I said in my book, I like the life well-lived and I like the stories that people have to say.”
For Dosa, doctors are not merely scientists. A med student who has memorized a textbook but can’t talk to her patients simply cannot do her job fully. Doing the difficult thing and taking the time to learn about your patient is just as much a part of the task of administering care, Dosa stresses. Fostering communication is more than just an enjoyable aspect of his work, however. He believes that spending time reaching out to others to talk and to listen will be the saving grace of geriatrics as a clinically relevant profession in medicine.
Specific elements of the health delivery and financing system that make it unable to properly handle geriatric patients are simply an indication of larger social issues and deficiencies. Dosa believes that the healthcare system is in the process of reorienting itself towards a greater focus on holistic care and patient well being across the board, not just in geriatrics. The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) reform necessitates new healthcare models because science has been demonstrating that the way we currently provide care-the failure to rely on biomarkers to render treatments more precisely, an overreliance on standardized institutional procedures, and silo thinking among physicians, administrators, and other service providers-is not good enough.
Currently, one of the biggest problems Dosa sees in geriatrics is that doctors are paid to perform a specific service, regardless of quality or whether it is even necessary for the patient’s health. Cardiologists order EKGs, radiologists perform scans, and physical therapists conduct physical therapy all because the care delivery system promotes this kind of specialization and pays doctors to provide acute care within their field of expertise-even when it might be better not to.
Patients in end-of-life care situations are disproportionately affected by the current system. “When you ask older folks what it is that they want in terms of their healthcare, they want quality of life,” Dosa says. “They want to be surrounded by family. They want to die at home, surrounded
by family. They obviously want to live a long life and a happy life, but they don’t necessarily want to sacrifice quality for quantity.
“Unfortunately, our healthcare system rewards doing rather than not doing. The system rewards treating rather than not treating, and it doesn’t reward communication. People don’t get paid to communicate, to sit down and ask, ‘What is it that you truly want?’ I think that’s the central dysfunction with our healthcare system today.”
For Dosa, listening is where the care begins, especially with elderly patients where studies suggest that fewer procedures and tests make for a better quality of life.
But taking the time to find out who patients are as individuals is no easy task, in large part because individuals are so, well, individual. It takes time and energy to nuance how one provides care around the different traits and problems of the patient. It’s much easier to treat the symptom without addressing the larger pattern of disorder, and even easier to forget whether this treatment is in line with who the patient is and what they want.
Dosa is adamant that this mindset needs to change. “Older people have multiple medical problems and they have multiple chronic comorbidities, and that requires a different approach. It requires that doctors and healthcare systems speak to each other so that people don’t do things to a patient that are counterproductive just to conform to a guideline.”
Dosa offered the idea of having a “captain of the ship” for patients suffering multiple comorbidities as a solution to this issue. Such a person could manage the nitty-gritty task of making sure the patient’s goals are being met but also making sure that the patient’s multiple physicians are in communication with one another, too.
No longer working in the nursing home facility with his feline companion, Oscar, Dosa sees his role evolving as a teacher of geriatrics for med students and other doctors. When asked what we can do about the relatively few geriatricians compared with the large population of geriatric patients, he responded that the solution is not to do the simple thing by growing the field of geriatric practitioners because, to a certain extent, it’s too late for that.
“It’s more about teaching the cardiologists and the ophthalmologists and the primary care doctors to pay more attention in treating their aged patients and to be geriatric savvy,” says Dosa.
“I view my role, now, as more in a teaching capacity to make sure that the next round of urologists understands what those urological drugs do to patients who perhaps have cognitive impairment, that they are able to manage patients with chronic multiple comorbidities when they do surgery, and that they understand what it is to treat a patient with delirium or dementia.”
Dosa believes that for doctors to have a more comprehensive understanding of their patients requires that they have a more comprehensive understanding-or at least a greater appreciation-for the other branches of medicine. And when doctors are armed with this knowledge, they can focus on their patient’s health holistically, giving them the outcomes they both require and deserve, Dosa says.
These new expectations are not limited to geriatrics, however. Rather, Dosa believes that changing expectations among the population as well as a shifting regulatory environment will drive change. The federal Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is working on healthcare quality measures on which to base reimbursement. This effort is being imitated everywhere in healthcare as a part of a general effort to reduce bloat in an unwieldy system burdened by the recent influx of millions of newly insured patients. The ACA is incentivizing the launch of new accountable care organizations to develop more integrated systems of care. Dosa affirms that though the newly insured may have trouble finding enough doctors at first, this shift away from fee-for-service will be a boon to the country at large.
Lessons for pharma
And where does the pharmaceutical industry fit into this new landscape? Dosa affirms that the industry must be part of this new landscape, though it may have to adapt its business model to do so. As recent studies suggest, drug therapy must be more oriented towards achieving a larger health outcome. Dosa sees clinicians like himself as an under-utilized resource to this end.
“The notion that the physician is no longer the driver of decisions in healthcare has been overstated,” he says. “Closed formulary or not, pharmaceutical companies looking to understand where the gaps are in available treatment options need to work with those on the ground. No one is in a better position to understand what’s needed for the health of patients than the doctors who work with them.”
These new expectations as well as the newly insured population create a variety of opportunities. Many needs are not being met by the current
healthcare system, needs for which many people are willing to pay out of pocket. Dosa hopes that business will step in and embrace this new environment, finding ways to make it economically viable.
“There’s certainly a business opportunity here for an entrepreneur to come into the mix and negotiate with government payers and insurances and help in this situation,” he says.
First forays into this world already exist with some regional HMOs providing compensation to doctors with the money saved by performing preventive medicine, shifting to a so-called fee-for-performance model.
Dosa understands the difficulty that implementation of these ideas presents, however. It involves individuals, companies, and regulators moving away from what is easiest or simplest towards what’s best. Sometimes that means that researchers need to make clinical trials messier and more nuanced. Sometimes that means that physicians will have to make time to pick up the phone and call her patient’s other doctors.
And sometimes that means taking the time just to be there and listen to a patient because there are other and better ways to care for patients than we do currently.
“Doctors are human beings. They have the same hang ups about death and what we can do for patients,” Dosa says. “But we need to acknowledge limitations and decide, through conversation and communication, at what point is being there and letting go more important than providing treatments for specific ailments.”
This sentiment doesn’t have to be limited to doctors, however. Among government regulators, scientists, and pharmaceutical executives, there is room for all of us to do the difficult thing and acknowledge our limitations in order to work with one another to better the way we practice care in this country and the human beings that live in it.
Newsmaker note
Dr. David Dosa received his M.D. from George Washington University in 1998 and his MPH from the University of Pittsburgh in 2003. His book, Making Rounds with Oscar: The Extraordinary Gift of an Ordinary Cat, has sold over 100,000 copies and has been published in 20 languages worldwide. In addition to practicing geriatrics, he has performed research in many areas related to nursing home care, including pain control and pharmacoepidemiology. The recipient of many awards, he recently won a Career Development Award from the Veteran’s Administration to study medication administration in nursing home facilities. Currently, when he is not busy conducting research at Brown University’s Center for Gerontology, he spends time on his latest work, a book of fiction about finding love late in life. Dr. Dosa can be reached at david_dosa@brown.edu
Cameron Sharp is a contributing writer for Pharm Exec. He can be reached at cdsharp19102@gmail.com
Executive Profiles | Market Access | Patient Engagement
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The Five Best Songs by Phoenix Artists in December 2020
The Lost Leaf Closes Down Temporarily, Plus More Phoenix Music News
Twenty One Pilots Fans Are Truly Fanatical
Mitchell Hillman
| Concert Review |
Mitchell Hillman | October 14, 2015 | 10:49am
I'm not sure I've ever been to a sold-out show at Comerica Theatre — or any other name — over the years. It was clear that there had been a line around the building for a good portion of the day as abandoned blankets, beverages, and snacks lined the perimeter of the building. Half the crowd was wearing Twenty One Pilots gear and the half that wasn't all seemed to be in unbelievably long lines for the merch.
I had checked out Finish Ticket awhile back and I was fairly unimpressed. I was honestly hoping that the band's live show would prove me wrong and win me over, but I have to admit that was not the case. They cruised through five songs in under half an hour and it was all pretty unremarkable. That's not to say they don't have talent — Brendan Hoye, the lead singer, is clearly gifted and all of the band is technically astute, but the music itself is so middle of the road that it leaves virtually no impression in the end. The lead singer sang in their second song "Wrong" (though I thought it was the set's highlight) that "It's hard to find the optimist in me" and that's how I felt about most of their performance.
There was a touch of relief that the set of the warmup act was so brief, because I had seen Echosmith at last Spring's Pot of Gold Festival and they were great. I was ready for some music that moved me, music I would remember after the show, and Echosmith delivered that with a super tight, upbeat set of seven songs that totally turned my evening around. The family band (Echosmith is three brothers and their sister) with the fantastic "Let's Love" and the whole feeling of the theater, the very mood exploded and everyone was on their feet. Lead singer Sydney Sierota has a voice similar to that of Dolores O'Riordan, mixed with a touch of Bjork and a few others from that era, but her brothers take it to the next level. They kicked in to the title track of their album Talking Dreams, and there was a fabulous balance found in the beauty of Sierota's voice and the aggression of the raging guitars. "Come Together" sealed the deal on how much I was enjoying their set, which was followed by a rolling drum intro to "Tell Her You Love Her" which proved that they could make a ballad interesting and engaging. Echosmith pulled out an acoustic guitar and a stand up bass for "Bright," which turned into a crowd singalong, and it was easily a highlight of the set, just for being so different from everything else. This was followed by their staple cover of Modern English's "I Melt With You" while "Up To You" had nearly the entire audience clapping along. They finished with their multi-platinum hit "Cool Kids," and the crowd was ecstatic with the finale.
About a half-hour later Twenty One Pilots was almost ready to take the stage. If there had been any open seats in Comerica there weren't anymore. The pit was packed, the rows overflowing into the aisles. Each roadie got huge applause as they set up the stage. The anticipation was palpable and when the theater went dark the crowd completely lost its collective mind. For the next 100 minutes the duo of Tyler Joseph and Josh Dun would hold the rapt attention of everyone in the house.
Twenty One Pilots exploded on stage with the opener from its number one album Blurryface. As soon as it began, 90 percent of the crowd sang along to every word of "Heavydirtysoul." The song isn't even a single. In a surprising move, they cruised right along on the album to their latest alternative radio hit and "Stressed Out" much to the delight of, well, everyone. I was a little worried about a duo putting on a high-energy show, the necessity of backing tracks, etc. I had nothing to worry about; Joseph and Dun are master showmen in addition to their musical talents and lyrical wizardry. While Joseph had only played tamborine on the opener, he messed around with the piano on stage during this one, but largely stuck to the microphone and jumping around stage. It finished with a beautiful reprise with Joseph on the piano and the crowd still singing. I was beginning to wonder if they were going to play the album straight out, but that's where that thought stopped.
"Guns For Hands" was the first song they played in the set from 2013's Vessel, and the crowd continued to turn every tune into a singalong. This was followed by another great song from that album, "Migraine," which in this case, the audience actually sang half of the song for the band. At this point the crowd was beyond fervent, and the band seemed to just feed off of this. Joseph picked up the bass for "Polarize," one of my favorite songs on the new album, and it became clear that he was more than just a lead singer. It was a stunning rendition of the tune in no uncertain terms. Starting with a drum solo from Dun, "House of Gold" was another crowd pleaser, but then again, every song seemed to be a crowd pleaser no matter where they pulled it from.
It was apparently time for Joseph to break out the ukulele, probably the most unlikely instrument in their arsenal and oddly one of the most effective for this genre-bending band. With it he performed a rather sentimental cover of "Can't Help Falling In Love With You." He began "The Judge" one of their best songs from the new album with the uke and finished it on the piano. It was one of the finest performances of the evening. "Lane Boy" came next and they stepped up the stage show a notch, at first with video effects of guys in hazmat suits and gas masks dancing, to live dancers in hazmat suits and gas masks dancing—all in keeping with the lyrics. It was fascinating to watch the band as they would move seamlessly between ukulele and piano, then into hip-hop, indie rock and pop. They were all over the place and the crowd couldn't get enough of it.
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After a moment of darkness on stage, Dun had suddenly moved to a new riser with a smaller kit and Joseph was in front of a keyboard. In that arrangement they ran through a medley of older songs that included "The Pantaloon," "Semi-Automatic," "Forest," "Screen," "Ode To Sleep," and "Addict With A Pen." It was actually a pretty brilliant way to deal with their some of their older catalog in an unexpected and creative way. Even though some of the songs pre-dated Vessel, the crowd knew them all, they knew every single one, even the one that can only be found on YouTube. I'm not sure if I was more amazed at the band or its incredibly loyal crowd at this point. They returned to the modern day with "Doubt" and Dun returned to his full kit mystically during the song while Joseph got the crowd to sing a long and created a round. This fell without pause into "Message Man," which was quickly overshadowed by Vessel's "Holding On To You" which was both impressive musically and physically. Both members had some of their more spectacular moments during this song, Joseph crowd surfed a bit, played some of the best piano of the evening, while Dun showed that he could toss a drumstick fifteen rows back and immediately do a back flip. A little girl caught the drumstick, then dropped it—the sweetest moment for me was when the girl behind her found it and gave it to her. The young girl cried for the rest of the song out of pure joy.
Joseph picked up the bass for the reggae/calypso influenced "Ride," which is pushed even further into a blissful realm by his supersonic rapping. This ended with a drum kit being brought into the pit for Dun to pound on while fans kept him afloat. They moved to my favorite song from Vessel after that; according to Joseph, "The Run and Go" is also his father's favorite song. At the end of the song Joseph had people get on each other's shoulders and jump up— an impressive sight. After the recovery from that foray, Joseph sat down at the piano and they launched into another recent radio hit with "Tear In My Heart" and blew the roof off with it. People were now screaming along to the songs, I imagine there will be a lot of hoarse teenagers in school on Wednesday. It was a brilliant rendition and there seemed to be an overwhelming joy during its delivery—not just the audience, but the band themselves. Joseph suggested that the next song would be the last one, unless the audience chose otherwise and launched into the amazing "Car Radio." He ran into the audience and climbed a tower, finishing the song and the set from there.
After a brief respite, they bowed to the demands of their chanting fans and returned for a two song encore of "Goner" and "Trees". The latter was a fantastic finale punctuated by both band members climbing on fan held platforms in the pit as they pounded on toms while confetti exploded around them. It was a fitting spectacular end to a truly spectacular stage show, one in which the crowd never once stopped singing along.
Last Night: Twenty One Pilots, Echosmith, Finish Ticket at Comerica Theater
The Crowd: The crowd was very, very young. It was thousands of kids and their custodians or parents. Although the largest percentage of the crowd was teenage girls, there were more men proclaiming their love for Twenty One Pilots vocally. The representation of twenty somethings was a little on the light side, which surprised me. The smoking patio was a weird place because I questioned if half of the people out there were old enough to even smoke.
Random Notebook Dump: I can't remember anything Finish Ticket just played an their set ended five minutes ago. I can't place a lyric, a melody, the biggest star of the set was the lead singers hair and his constant attention to it.
Overall: With the exception of the opening band, the evening was amazing, the venue was great, the venue staff was the friendliest I've ever experienced and the concessions were actually nicely priced. I have to give props to a two-man band that put on a hell of a stage show, both visually and musically, and keep their audience engaged every second for more than 90 minutes. The show, the energy, and the pacing were perfectly devised, and everyone got to enjoy it or be consumed by it.
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Nouvelle description de Poloigne & Hongrie
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1542 Sebastian Munster
Polonia et Ungaria XV Nova Tabula
Sebastian Munster
Basle / 1550 circa
Interesting early regional map showing the region from Poland and Russia in the North, to the Ukraine, Serbia, Black Sea and the Danube River, centered on Poland and Lithuania.
From an early edition of Munster's Cosmographia, one of the most influential geographical works of the 16th Century.
Sebastien Munster's Geographia and his later Cosmographia were landmark works, including not only Ptolemaic maps, but also a number of important early modern maps, including the first separate maps of the 4 continents, the first map of England and the earliest obtainable map of Scandinavia. The town views included in the Cosmographia were among the earliest widely distributed modern views of European and other cities available to Europeans in the mid-16th Century, pre-dating Braun & Hogenberg's work by several decades. Munster dominated cartographic publication during the mid-16th Century. Munster is generally regarded as one of the most important map makers of the 16th Century.
Sebastien Munster was a linguist and mathematician, who initially taught Hebrew in Heidelberg. He issued his first mapping of Germany in 1529, after which he issued a call for geographical information about Germany to scholars throughout the country. The response was better than hoped for, and included substantial foreign material, which supplied him with up to date, if not necessarily accurate maps for the issuance of his Geographia in 1540.
Sebastian Munster Biography
Sebastian Münster (1488-1552) was a cosmographer and professor of Hebrew who taught at Tübingen, Heidelberg, and Basel. He settled in the latter in 1529 and died there, of plague, in 1552. Münster made himself the center of a large network of scholars from whom he obtained geographic descriptions, maps, and directions.
As a young man, Münster joined the Franciscan order, in which he became a priest. He then studied geography at Tübingen, graduating in 1518. He moved to Basel, where he published a Hebrew grammar, one of the first books in Hebrew published in Germany. In 1521 Münster moved again, to Heidelberg, where he continued to publish Hebrew texts and the first German-produced books in Aramaic. After converting to Protestantism in 1529, he took over the chair of Hebrew at Basel, where he published his main Hebrew work, a two-volume Old Testament with a Latin translation.
Münster published his first known map, a map of Germany, in 1525. Three years later, he released a treatise on sundials. In 1540, he published Geographia universalis vetus et nova, an updated edition of Ptolemy’s Geographia. In addition to the Ptolemaic maps, Münster added 21 modern maps. One of Münster’s innovations was to include one map for each continent, a concept that would influence Ortelius and other early atlas makers. The Geographia was reprinted in 1542, 1545, and 1552.
He is best known for his Cosmographia universalis, first published in 1544 and released in at least 35 editions by 1628. It was the first German-language description of the world and contained 471 woodcuts and 26 maps over six volumes. Many of the maps were taken from the Geographia and modified over time. The Cosmographia was widely used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The text, woodcuts, and maps all influenced geographical thought for generations.
Antique Maps / Europe / Central & Eastern Europe / Poland
Antique Maps / Europe / Central & Eastern Europe / Russia
Antique Maps / Europe / Central & Eastern Europe / Ukraine
Antique Maps / Europe / Central & Eastern Europe / Baltic Countries
The present map is one of the earliest obtainable maps to focus on Prussia.
Germania VI Nova Tabula
Excellent modern map of German Europe, with South oriented at the top of the map.
Riga Metropolis Livoniae
An Important Early View of Riga
[Plan of the City of Moscow] Планъ Города Москвы
Detailed color-printed antique map of Moscow, published in 1881.
Saxonum Regionis Quatenus Eius Gentis Imperium Nomenque olim patebat, recens germanaque deleatio, Christiano Schrotenio authore . . .
Fine old color example of Gerard de Jode's map of Northern Germany and Western Poland.
Partie De La Mer Glaciale Contenant La Nouvelle Zemble et Le Pais Des Samoiedes . . . 1758
Detailed map of Nova Zembla and part of the Northeast passage.
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Home StoriesFrom Cambodia to Qatar: A student’s journey to realizing her university dream
Story | Education
From Cambodia to Qatar: A student’s journey to realizing her university dream
Studying at Qatar Foundation has deeply changed Khemara Chhorn’s life. Now she plans to use what she has learned to inspire others in her village to see what education makes possible.
Khemara Chhorn and her parents lived in a remote rural village in Cambodia. Her parents spent their days as simple farmers and could have never imagined that their daughter would ultimately study in a university and embark on a path much different from other young people in her village.
In that village, university education is considered a luxury, out of reach for the majority of its inhabitants for a variety of reasons, including financial issues, lack of family interest in the importance of education, as well as the long distance to the country’s capital, Phnom Penh, where most Cambodian universities are located.
“I still remember how my mother used to press me since I was 14 about working in a factory next to my village,” recalls Khemara, now a 21-year old student. “She wanted me to become productive and help the family get out the cycle of hardship that haunted us in those years,”
Khemara’s family, and many others in her village, believed that getting a job, even at an early age, is the best way to improve a person’s social standing and build the foundations for starting a family. But Khemara didn’t agree with this way of thinking, as it deprived so many Cambodian children of their right to education.
For her, it was the provisions of the country’s Labor Law, which outlawed child labor, that led to her mother’s insistences being overcome. Khemara was able to complete high school and consider the prospect of going to university far from the village – the start of a journey that would lead her to Qatar.
Ambition against the odds
Despite everything, Khemara was adamant to pursue her dream of going to university, no matter how many challenges she faced, and however much her mother objected to such “adventures.” And when she was 17, she received a government scholarship and enrolled in the University of Cambodia.
However, she faced many personal and financial problems living in Phnom Penh. She had to pay for her own housing, food, and transportation, and that meant working many hours in a library teaching English, all while trying to excel in her studies to remain eligible for her scholarship.
Ultimately, Khemara’s educational ambitions would be realized not only far from her village, but also far from her homeland, in an entirely different country that she had never heard of before—Qatar. She would soon become a student majoring in International Politics at Georgetown University in Qatar (GU-Q), a partner university of Qatar Foundation (QF).
Her international educational journey began with a university scholarship offered by Reach Out to Asia (ROTA), a Qatar-based organization that provides children affected by crisis across Asia with access to education. The scholarship allowed Khemara to study at the Academic Bridge Program (ABP), part of QF’s Pre-University Education, which cultivated her skills and abilities and made it possible for her to study at GU-Q.
“The highlight of my time in university was the visit by a delegation from ROTA as part of a project to build a school in one of Cambodia’s provinces,” she says. “I participated in a volunteer program that ROTA oversaw.”
The journey to Qatar
In 2016, ROTA invited Khemara to visit Qatar for the Youth Empowerment Conference, where she met Her Excellency Sheikha Al Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Chairperson of ROTA. Seeing her educational aspirations, Khemara was awarded a ROTA scholarship that enabled her to join ABP and hone her academic and language skills, after which she would continue her studies in GU-Q.
The foundational education we received at ABP builds on the knowledge and skills of every student. It has really changed my life. It was like a bridge toward my dream, as it helped me advance in my studies with essential language and computer skills.
“The foundational education we received at ABP builds on the knowledge and skills of every student. It has really changed my life. It was like a bridge toward my dream, as it helped me advance in my studies with essential language and computer skills”, the student says.
ABP was established by QF in 2001 to be a premier pre-university program for high school graduates from Qatar and other countries throughout the world. The foundation program aims to equip secondary school graduates with the skills to succeed in degree programs at leading English-language universities.
Khemara recalls how she worked diligently to succeed in, and graduate from the program. “I was able to do this through the guidance of my wonderful teachers and their belief in me,” she says.
“I think of them as more than just teachers. ABP has become a second home to me, and I have built close relations there that have not been broken even after I graduated.”
She also pointed out that the program taught at ABP was the main reason she was able to continue her studies in GU-Q.
New experiences, new perspectives
“For me, coming to this prestigious university was just another challenge that I had to face,” Khemara says.
Because of this educational environment, I have become more proactive and involved myself in many events, including those organized by my university, and the programs and initiatives of Qatar Foundation and its affiliates.
“The entire academic program here, with its curricula and corresponding activities, was like a whole new world, and I had never experienced anything quite like it. At the same time, I gladly confronted this challenge with burning enthusiasm, as this experience is most precious gift I have ever received.”
“Over the last three years in Qatar, I have learned a lot and become a completely different person from the girl I was in the first semester of ABP. Because of this educational environment, I have become more proactive and involved myself in many events, including those organized by my university, and the programs and initiatives of Qatar Foundation and its affiliates.”
Khemara believes that the unique, dynamic, and multi-dimensional ecosystem that Education City provides not only keeps its students busy, but also enables them to acquire leadership skills by opening up the chance for them to contribute to other programs and participate in a range of learning opportunities that are available throughout the year.
Khemara is currently in Washington, D.C. studying at Georgetown University’s main campus for a semester. After completing her studies, she plans to work toward bridging the gap between her community in Cambodia and the educational goals of those who live there.
“As the first person in my village to have the opportunity to study abroad, I strongly believe that investing in education is the most important thing we can do for our youth and children,” she says.
“I am passionate about higher education for everyone, not just for me. I want to encourage other children in my village to pay more attention to education and seize all of the opportunities that come their way.
“My passion for higher education is not actually epitomized simply by me pursuing my studies in a prestigious university, but in reaching out to help other children in my community have the same opportunity.”
This QF freshman used her online startup to support Italian women affected by lockdown
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New Rabbi At Queens Jewish Center In Forest Hills
David Schneier
Rabbi Judah Kerbel became just the seventh rabbi hired at the Queens Jewish Center since the synagogue’s establishment in 1943. Rabbi Joseph Grunblatt was their longest serving spiritual leader, from 1967 to 2006.
Born in Bowie, Maryland, the son of a rabbi, Judah Kerbel grew up in Cleveland, Milwaukee, and Atlanta. Living across the US has taught him “to engage and to reach people, working together.” “I’ve always appreciated being able to get to be with the diversity, even within the Orthodox community. People come with their own stories of how they’ve been engaged with Judaism in their lives. I think that’s important to consider.” Kerbel recognizes that “people are complex and people come to Judaism from wide backgrounds and journeys.”
“I’m not looking for a cookie-cutter version of Judaism.” “The more people we can reach, the more people who are able to gain from what we can offer – then I think we’re going to be better off.”
Rabbi Judah Kerbel has s’michah from Yeshiva University and learned at Yeshivat Har Etzion in Efrat, Israel. Kerbel was a rabbinic intern at The Roslyn Synagogue and at the Young Israel of Plainview while learning for s’michah. He graduated cum laude from the University of Maryland with a BA in Jewish History and Psychology. The rabbi is currently a Judaic Studies teacher at Ramaz Middle School, as well.
His hashkafah: “I aspire to embody YU’s Torah U’Mada and with that, I emphasize Torah first.” “I affirm the importance of living our lives around halachah, and it should be Torah that primarily defines us but I also, in my own education, recognize the way we can learn from the general culture and the best of what the world has to offer. I think it goes beyond just an intellectual matter – I think it’s important to understand people’s life experiences and how those experiences shape people’s relationships with Judaism. An understanding of the world around us makes us more sensitive and compassionate Jews. I think it’s important to appreciate what diversity has to contribute.”
Growing up “in a musical family,” with his mother and grandmother playing the violin, Kerbel took violin lessons at a young age but now enjoys strumming the guitar and exercising in his private time. He enjoys singing. “I find it meaningful to be a baal t’filah. I think that the baal t’filah has an important role in setting the tone for people’s davening and creating the kavanah.” He enjoys Jewish musicians like Benny Friedman, Baruch Levine, Simcha Leiner, and Eitan Katz. “There’s a lot of great Jewish music being done today.” “I have an intellectual bent to my Judaism, but Jewish music and meaningful t’filah brings out my spiritual side.”
Judah Kerbel learned from his father, who was a rabbi: “He is able to relate to people in a wide variety of ways” and is very good in “cultivating relationships.” “Another thing that I’ve always appreciated about my Dad’s rabbinate: He’s always talked about the big picture in the Jewish community.” AIPAC, ADL, the Federation “were household names in my home.”
“That’s something I want to bring to my rabbinate, thinking of not just about what is happening within our own walls but also being a player in the larger Jewish scheme.” Judah Kerbel did a fellowship with AIPAC while earning s’michah.
Rabbi Kerbel and his wife, Eliana, hosted a tish last Shabbos with singing and divrei Torah. “The tish is an example of her love to opening our home,” said Rabbi Kerbel of his wife. “She’s the best I can ask for.”
Rebbetzin Eliana Kerbel (nee Shields) is a native of Baltimore, Maryland. She teaches fifth grade at Yeshivat He’Atid in Teaneck, New Jersey, while pursuing a dual master’s degree at Bank Street College in childhood education and teaching literacy.
Herbert Schonhaut, Senior Gabbai at the Queens Jewish Center, said in an e-mail interview, “In a relatively short time frame, Rabbi Kerbel has already demonstrated his ample leadership capabilities, paired with his sterling personal qualities. This dynamic combination has led to instant success and popularity for the rabbi, as he has ushered in a noticeable atmosphere of optimism, energy, and enthusiasm at the QJC.” Rabbi Kerbel “has impressed the membership with his strong work ethic, detailed preparation, quiet leadership style, outsized determination, integrity, and warm personality.”
Rabbi Kerbel knew about Queens because his grandmother lived in Jamaica Estates. Over the next few months, Queens Jewish Center plans to have programs that include an Israeli wine tasting, a blood drive, and scholars-in-residence.
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Progradar
ARC OF LIFE release second single JUST IN SIGHT
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Tag: MMXX
SONS OF APOLLO LAUNCH VIDEO FOR ‘GOODBYE DIVINITY’; FIRST SINGLE FROM ‘MMXX’
SONS OF APOLLO–former Dream Theater members Mike Portnoy and Derek Sherinian, Ron “Bumblefoot” Thal (ex-Guns N Roses), Billy Sheehan (The Winery Dogs, Mr. Big, David Lee Roth) and Jeff Scott Soto (ex-Journey, ex-Yngwie Malmsteen’s Rising Force)–are ready to ring in the new decade with a sonic boom with their second studio album, appropriately titled, ‘MMXX’ (pronounced: 20/20).
Produced by The Del Fuvio Brothers (Portnoy and Sherinian), ‘MMXX’ will be released on the 17th January 2020 via InsideOutMusic/Sony as a standard CD package, Limited Edition 2 CD package (which includes instrumental mixes and a cappella excerpts), 2 LP + CD package, and on all digital formats.
Today they launch the Vicente Cordero-directed video for the albums lead single ‘Goodbye Divinity’. Watch it now here:
Mike Portnoy comments: “From the minute we finished writing Goodbye Divinity, I knew we had our album opener and the first release off the album. I even remember posting on social media how excited I was about the song the day I tracked it!
The song has an immediacy that grabs you right away: great riffs, flashy playing and hooky vocal melodies. All of the elements that make up the SOA sound.
The video was directed by Vicente Cordero who I have now done over 20 music videos with and its look helps catapult the band from the Greek mythological past of the last album into the 21st century with this new album.“
Pre-orders are available from today, with digital pre-orders on iTunes & Amazon receiving an immediate download of ‘Goodbye Divinity’.
Pre-order now here:
https://soa.lnk.to/MMXX
Posted on 15th November 2019 Categories General News, New album releases, NewsTags Billy Sheehan, Derek Sherinan, Goodbye Divinity, Jeff Scott Soto, Mike Portnoy, MMXX, Ron"Bumblefoot" Thal, Sons of ApolloLeave a comment on SONS OF APOLLO LAUNCH VIDEO FOR ‘GOODBYE DIVINITY’; FIRST SINGLE FROM ‘MMXX’
SONS OF APOLLO RETURN WITH NEW ALBUM MMXX 17TH JANUARY
SONS OF APOLLO – former Dream Theater members Mike Portnoy and Derek Sherinian, Ron “Bumblefoot” Thal (ex-Guns N’ Roses), Billy Sheehan (The Winery Dogs, Mr. Big, David Lee Roth) and Jeff Scott Soto (ex-Journey, ex-Yngwie Malmsteen’s Rising Force)–are ready to ring in the new decade with a sonic boom with their second studio album, appropriately titled, ‘MMXX’ (pronounced: 20/20).
Produced by The Del Fuvio Brothers (Portnoy and Sherinian), ‘MMXX will be released on the 17th January 2020 via InsideOutMusic/Sony as a standard CD package, Limited Edition 2 CD package (which includes instrumental mixes and a cappella excerpts), 2 LP + CD package, and on all digital formats. Pre-orders for all formats will be available starting November 15th, which will include an instant download of the album’s first single, ‘Goodbye Divinity,’ on iTunes and Amazon.
A teaser trailer was released on Inside Out’s official YouTube page here
“Stylistically, we have followed the same path as the debut,” outlines drummer Mike Portnoy. “But we feel that it has come out stronger, simply because we know one another better. ‘PSYCHOTIC SYMPHONY’ was the first time the five of us had worked together, so there was bound to be an air of experimentation happening. Now, we can draw on having the experience not only of recording that album, but also of touring together a lot. And now there is clearly a lot more obvious chemistry going on.”
“We did 83 shows on the last tour,” adds keyboardist Derek Sherinian. “And it was so worthwhile, because we came out of it with a stronger bond, and that is certainly reflected in what we wrote.”
The writing process began at the start of the year, as Portnoy, Sherinian and guitarist Ron ‘Bumblefoot’ Thal got together. “The three of us were at my home studio in Pennsylvania,” explains Portnoy. “And it took about three weeks to get all the music written. That was a very smooth process. The last time, it certainly must have felt a little weird for Bumblefoot to be writing with Derek and me, because we were strangers to him. Now, we know one another better and that helped things push along.”
“Because we all have our home studios, it meant everyone could record there as and when they had opportunity,” continues Sherinian. “We all had the luxury of being able to take our time to get all the parts done, which was a huge help in the way the album’s come out. I suppose in all, it took about eight months to record everything.”
The lyrics were written by Soto, who also came up with the melody lines with input from Sherinian. “While Jeff was left to come up with the words on his own, as the melody lines are part of the music, it made sense for me to be involved with that part,” says the keyboard player.
There are eight tracks on ‘MMXX’, with variations in length totalling 60 minutes. “The final song is ‘New World Today, which is 16 minutes long,” says Portnoy. “This one has elements similar to ‘Opus Maximus’ and ‘Labyrinth’ on the previous album. It has some insane, brilliant instrumental moments, which I am sure the fans will love.”
“We wanted to do something epic here, as we did with ‘Opus Maximus’ last time around,” adds Sherinian. “You have to remember that Mike and I come from Dream Theater, where we never bothered about how long a song was. So, for us doing a 16 minute track is not a problem.”
Here’s the track listing for MMXX:
1. Goodbye Divinity (7:16)
2. Wither To Black (4:48)
3. Asphyxiation (5:09)
4. Desolate July (6:11)
5. King Of Delusion (8:49)
6. Fall To Ascend (5:07)
7. Resurrection Day (5:51)
8. New World Today (16:38)
The album title was inspired by a simple chronological fact. “This will be released in mid-January 2020,” says Portnoy. “That means it will be one of the first releases in what is a new decade. So I came up with the idea of calling it ‘2020,” except having it written in the Latin form of ‘MMXX’.”
And the album’s artwork has been created by Thomas Ewerhard (who was responsible for the cover design of ‘PSYCHOTIC SYMPHONY’), which inevitably reflects the title.
As Portnoy explains, “For the first record, we had a mythological feel. This time around though, there’s a much more futuristic style to what we’ve got. It has a very 21st century appeal. And the band crest is more polished, cleaned up and a lot more modern than last time, when it had an old fashioned look.”
“Each member of this band has their own signature sound on their instrument,” adds Sherinian. “And when you put all of this together what you get is a wonderful five-headed beast. It makes this a sonically special band, which is definitely what comes across on ‘MMXX’. You can hear odd time signatures and amazingly crazy performances here. Overall, we’ve been satisfyingly more adventurous this time than we were before, and I know people are sure to love what we’ve done.”
In touring news, the band’s headlining ‘MMXX World Tour’ will launch January 24th in Pomona, CA, USA and will take them around the world throughout the new year. They have also just announced European tour dates for March 2020, and you can find those below:
Mon 2nd March Drammen, Norway Union Scene
Tue 3rd March Gothenburg, Sweden Traedgarn
Thu 5th March Kyiv, Ukraine N.A.U Theatre
Sat 7th March Moscow, Russia RED
Sun 9th March St Petersburg, Russia Aurora
Tue 10th March Pratteln, Switzerland Z7
Wed 11th March Milan, Italy Live Club
Fri 13th March Bilbao, Spain Santana 27
Sat 14th March Barcelona, Spain Razzmatazz 2
Sun 15th March Madrid, Spain La Riviera
Thu 19th March London, U.K. Islington Assembly Hall
Fri 20th March Eindhoven, Netherlands Prognosis Festival
Sun 22nd March Show Brno, Czech Republic Sono
Tue 24th March Kosice, Slovakia Colosseum
Wed 25th March Budapest, Hungary Barba Negra
Posted on 6th November 2019 6th November 2019 Categories General News, New album releases, NewsTags Billy Sheehan, Derek Sherinan, Jeff Scott Soto, Mike Portnoy, MMXX, Ron"Bumblefoot" Thal, Sons of ApolloLeave a comment on SONS OF APOLLO RETURN WITH NEW ALBUM MMXX 17TH JANUARY
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Going green again
Apr 15, 2010 at 12:01 AM Sep 10, 2014 at 8:34 AM
A little more than 10 years ago three golfers were about to take over the game of professional golf - David Duval, Phil Mickelson and Tiger Woods.
All three were young, fit and getting much better with every PGA event. In fact, the trio dominated the wo
All three were young, fit and getting much better with every PGA event. In fact, the trio dominated the world rankings from 1997 to 2002. Duval was the No 1. player in the world in 1998 and No. 2 in 1997 and 1999. Not surprisingly, Woods was the No. 1 player from 1999-2002. And Mickelson, who has never been the top-ranked player, was the No. 2 ranked player in 2000, 2001 and 2003.
Together, they have amassed 19 majors, with Woods hauling down an astonishing 16 Majors, two short of Jack Nicklaus' Majors record of 18 Majors.
Duval, who finished second twice in the Masters, won a remarkable 13 PGA events from 1997 to 2001 and capped the 2001 season off with the PGA Championship crown, his only major. But that started a slow decline caused by a myriad of physical and emotional problems that forced many experts to think he was done with the game of golf. However, he returned in 2004 and is slowly working his way back.
Mickelson, a 6-3 left-hander, has gone on to win 46 PGA tourneys and four majors but he always had the penchant for gambling, in life, and on the course at the most inopportune time. Some veteran golfers said once he learned to harness that and play smarter he could be as good as anyone, including Woods.
However, over the past 10 years Woods has blown the roof off of both of their achievements with 71 PGA wins, 38 European Tour victories, 14 majors and 10 PGA Player of the Year titles.
But Sunday, in front of one of the largest worldwide audiences ever (up 30 percent from previous year) to watch the Masters, Mickelson showed why he was on target to be on of the greatest. Woods' return to golf brought the viewers, and his erratic but stellar performance kept them tuned in, but it was perhaps Mickelson, at long last who won them over.
The irony of all ironies is Mickelson has twice as many distractions as Woods on the home front. But not much of that was mention until the very end. More importantly, on this day, Mickelson proved he is ever bit as good as Woods at the game of golf.
It is the fact that Mickelson, who has always been a gallery and patrons' favorite because of his ever mingling with the crowd throughout his matches, has never been thought of on the same plain of Woods.
In order to be a superior athlete, often times the self-absorption, the selfishness, absolute fear and egotism are the traits that drive the athlete to perfection. Think of Woods, Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant. None have been known to be a joy to be around. And they will spend hours upon hours, obsessively honing their craft.
Bryant, who does not go out much in public since his debacle in Colorado, will go back to the gym in the evenings (on off nights) and shoot 600 to 800 jumpers. He will follow that up with weight lifting and more shooting the next afternoon. And like Jordan, rinse and repeat.
Jordan was equally obsessive and his ego would not let him leave the game until well after his talents started to erode.
But Woods has made himself, with apologies to both Jack Nicklaus and Arnold Palmer, the greatest golfer who ever lived. At what cost? Mickelson, from the day he entered pro golf in 1997 out of the University of Arizona, has always put his family first. When his first two children (Amanda, Sophia) were born, Mickelson wore a beeper on the golf course in case his wife, Amy, went into labor. One of those events, he was leading at the time, and the beeper became fodder for wimpyness all over the world. To me it was ingratiating to see someone so dedicated.
Maybe he had foreshadowing of what was to come, because the third child Amy and Phil had - son Evan - came with complications. Amy, a former Phoenix Suns cheerleader, nearly died during childbirth. It was at that point, that Phil vowed to change the indiscretions (namely gambling) if his child and wife survived. He did and with all three children growing up, Phil was hit with another spate of bad news.
Amy was diagnosed with breast cancer in May 9, 2009. Mickelson announced he was taking a leave of absence to spend time with his wife as they went through an operation two months later to remove the cancer and then began treatments. In July, Mickelson' mother Mary, was also diagnosed with breast cancer. He again announced he would take another leave of absence form the tour.
Once he returned, fellow golfers such as John Daly wore all pink at the BMW PGA Championship in support of the fight of breast cancer; a week later at the Crowne Plaza Invitational at Colonial, almost every golfer at the PGA wore some form of pin or pink ribbons to show their support. Plus, the PGA, held a "Pink Out" even as all PGA tour players wore pink on that day to support the Mickelson family.
As for golfing talents, Mickelson has always been able to drive the ball as far as Woods. He is probably a better irons player than Woods but Woods probably takes the edge on the putting green. So you can see they are of equal golf ability.
Where Tiger is better is his obsessive nature in staying in possibly the best physical shape any golfer has ever seen. He changed the game that way. Much like the fact that you don't see any fat NASCAR drivers anymore. The stakes have been raised. In order to
compete you must be able to sustain. And stay in the best possible shape. It is a year-round effort, not a season-to-season thing.
Other than that, and maybe in the killer instinct category, Mickelson possesses all the tools that Tiger does. No other golfer can say that.
On Sunday, Mickelson proved it. For some reason, it felt better. Mickelson is not just good or lucky - he is every bit as good as Tiger. It is just he chooses other avenues that have led to distractions on the golf course. Tiger's focus, as we have found since Thanksgiving evening, is all about Tiger. Tiger made Tiger great. But Tiger also broke down Tiger. Mickelson made Mickelson good, but it is his family and outside interest that makes him great.
He and his wife head up numerous charities including Birdies for the Brave, Special Operations Warrior Foundation and Home for our Troops. And if you saw the commercials during the Masters, he has partnered with a group to improve education.
So I simply leave it this way. Who would you rather be?
Prior to the recent shambles, Woods was worth $1 billion dollars. If recent events are true, and a pending divorce is forthcoming, he will probably lose about half of that. And in the meantime he has lost all but one sponsor.
Last year, Mickelson earned $97 million in earnings and endorsements and his net worth is probably around � of that of Woods. Still it is a pretty comfortable neighborhood.
In 2009, Woods played in 17 PGA events, on six and finished second in three for more than $10 million. Mickelson, on the other hand played in 18 events, won three, was second once, and had seven to 10 finishes
for a total of $5.3.
And the pair was ranked No. 1 and No. 2 in the world once again.
Up until this year, if I asked just about anyone, who you would rather be Tiger Woods or Phil Mickelson? - 99 percent would chose Tiger Woods.
However, once we peeled back the onion that is 2010, I am not so sure. It could be a 50-50 vote or if you were to take into account the total package - Mickelson has it hands down.
Amid the beautiful weather in Augusta, Ga., the golfing world got the perfect storm. Tiger Woods returned to the game that has been so good to him, and he has been so good to. But Mickelson climbed atop the golf world, and brought his beautiful and loving family with him.
Even Jim Nantz said: "It was one for the family."
It was his wife's first trip to a PGA event this year. That must have been a nice family reunion in the Butler Cabin, where the winner is fitted with the green jacket.
Going green never looked or felt so proper.
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A federal appeals court in Philadelphia today upheld a district court ruling that denied President Trump’s attempt to block certification of Pennsylvania’s election results and to discard valid and legally cast ballots
November 27. 2020 — A federal appeals court in Philadelphia today upheld a district court ruling that denied President Trump’s attempt to block certification of Pennsylvania’s election results and to discard valid and legally cast ballots, dealing a near-fatal blow to the Trump campaign’s attempt to interfere with democracy in the commonwealth.
Read the opinion here.
Read our brief in opposition to the Trump campaign’s appeal here.
Intervenors in the case included Black Political Empowerment Project, Common Cause Pennsylvania, League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania, NAACP Pennsylvania State Conference, and eight impacted voters, represented by the American Civil Liberties Union of Pennsylvania, national ACLU, Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, Public Interest Law Center, and the law firm Covington & Burling LLP. The coalition of voting rights advocates responded to the ruling with the following statements:
“Yet again, a court has outright rejected their efforts to disenfranchise Pennsylvania voters.”
Witold Walczak, legal director of the ACLU of Pennsylvania: “While Trump’s lawsuit is legal farce, his intent to overthrow American democracy is dangerous fact. The voters have spoken in record numbers, and it is time to end this painful chapter in American history.”
Tim Stevens, chairman and CEO of The Black Political Empowerment Project: “As the founder of an organization that advocates that African Americans vote in each and every election and that our votes count, I am elated that our system of democracy worked in the midst of the most serious threat to that democracy that I have witnessed in my lifetime. Hopefully, the healing can now begin, and our commonwealth and our citizens will never again witness such an assault on who we are as a nation.”
Kristen Clarke, president and executive director of Lawyers’ Committee For Civil Rights Under Law: “How many losses are President Trump and his allies willing to endure in their futile and baseless attempts to use the courts as a forum to rewrite the election outcome? Once again, the court has made clear that there is no legal basis to subvert the will of voters.”
Sophia Lin Lakin, deputy director of the ACLU’s Voting Rights Project: “The Trump campaign should end its pathetic and futile attempts to subvert democracy and ignore the will of the people. The voters have spoken.”
Derrick Johnson, president and CEO of the NAACP: “We are pleased with the court’s decision to uphold democracy and allow the people’s will to prevail in the face of ridiculous suppression efforts. We must remain resolute and committed to protecting millions of Americans’ votes as the Trump campaign attempts to undermine our democracy.”
Terrie Griffin, co-president of the League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania: “Today’s decision affirms one thing: every vote matters. No one should have to fear that their timely cast ballot could be erased and their voice silenced just because a candidate doesn’t agree with their vote. The people have spoken, the courts have spoken, and the baseless attacks against voters must now cease.”
Mimi McKenzie, legal director at the Public Interest Law Center: “The Trump campaign’s attempts to subvert democracy have been deeply concerning. But it is reassuring that yet again a court has outright rejected their efforts to disenfranchise Pennsylvania voters.”
Suzanne Almeida, elections advisor for Common Cause Pennsylvania: “Once again, this court decision is a win for voters. We’re glad that this court, also, recognized the lack of evidence and lack of merit in this lawsuit. In America, voters choose our elected officials. Pennsylvania’s voters made a collective decision, weeks ago, and that decision needs to be honored.”
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Photo: theunion.com.ng
BIOGRAPHY: 10 things to know about new NNPC GMD, Maikanti Kacalla Baru
byOgala Emmanuel
Born July 1959, he is 57 years old
He is from Jama’are in Bauchi State, in the North-East geopolitical zone, but grew up in Jos, Plateau State.
He is a Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers, and is well respected within the profession.
He attended Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, where he obtained Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) with a first class honours. He also holds a Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering.
Until his appointment, he was Special Adviser (Upstream) to the Minister of State for Petroleum.
Before he was appointed adviser, he was NNPC’s Group Executive Director, Exploration and Production.
He served as director of the NNPC-owned Carlson Services (UK) Limited between December 7, 2004 and January 25, 2007.
He once served as GGM, Liquefied Natural Gas.
He was also a GGM, National Petroleum Investment Management Services
NNPC remains committed to OPEC+ agreement, GMD tells global forum
He was NNPC’s chief technical negotiator on the West African Gas Pipeline project from July 1999 to April 2004.
Saudi Arabia, other countries to celebrate Eid-el-Fitri Wednesday
Two Nigerians, others shortlisted for Caine Literary Prize; winner to emerge tonight
Ogala Emmanuel
Emmanuel Ogala is an investigative reporter and heads the Digital Strategy unit of PREMIUM TIMES. Emmanuel, an experienced web developer. Before joining PREMIUM TIMES, Emmanuel worked for 234NEXT. His stories have won awards in the 2014 CNN-Multichoice African Journalist of the Year award and the 2013 Wole Soyinka Centre for Investigative Journalism awards.
Women in Agriculture: How communal crisis set back my farming business — Farmer
Obituary: Professor Ebere Onwudiwe (1952 – 2021)
INTERVIEW: How NIPRD is supporting Nigeria’s fight against COVID-19 — DG
INTERVIEW: Why Cape Verde disobeyed ECOWAS order — Falana
FEATURE: Can Company Employees Date Each Other? A Legal Perspective
Seven Nigerian sports personalities to look out for in 2021
'Adieu Soldier and Poet,' Soyinka pays tribute to Elechi Amadi
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MLB notebook: Alex Cora speaks with MLB about sign-stealing allegations
The Red Sox manager was a bench coach for Houston in 2017 when the Astros allegedly engaged in electronic sign-stealing.
Alex Cora is one of three major league baseball managers allegedly connected to an electronic sign-stealing operation with the Houston Astros in 2017, according to a report from The Athletic.
Alex Cora: ‘I have talked to MLB and I’ll leave it at that.’ Associated Press/Steve Nesius
Cora was a bench coach with the Astros in 2017, when they won the World Series, before leaving to become manager of the Boston Red Sox in 2018. Carlos Beltran, who is now the New York Mets’ manager, and Astros manager A.J. Hinch were the others named in the report.
According to the report late Wednesday, Cora “played a key role in devising the sign-stealing system the team used that season.” Stealing signs electronically is a violation of major-league rules.
In an appearance on WEEI’s “Dale & Keefe” on Thursday morning, Cora didn’t get into much detail when asked about his involvement.
“I appreciate the question,” Cora said. “… I have talked to MLB and I’ll leave it at that.”
The Athletic first reported the Astros’ sign-stealing operation on Tuesday. Former pitcher Mike Fiers revealed the Astros stole signs with the help of a camera positioned in the outfield.
YANKEES: Just four years ago, Matt Blake was varsity pitching coach at Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School, about 20 miles outside of Boston. Next spring, the 34-year-old will be guiding the high-priced arms of the New York Yankees.
“The biggest thing is just finding out where the player is at and what it is that makes him tick,” Blake said after his hiring as Yankees pitching coach was formally announced. “Across different ages or nationalities and cultures, you got to get to the root of what is it that they are seeking for help and then bring it to the edge of their learning zone, if you will.”
Blake replaced Larry Rothschild, who was fired after nine seasons and got hired as pitching coach of the San Diego Padres.
BRAVES: The Atlanta Braves made another move to bolster their shaky bullpen, signing left-hander reliever Will Smith to a three-year, $40 million contract.
The free-agent deal includes a $13 million option for the 2023 season, with a $1 million buyout.
The 30-year-old Smith went 6-0 with a 2.76 ERA and a career-best 34 saves for the San Francisco Giants this past season. He made the All-Star team for the first time.
OFFERS: Pitcher Jake Odorizzi accepted a $17.8 million qualifying offer to stay with the Minnesota Twins and first baseman Jose Abreu took the same amount to remain with the Chicago White Sox.
Just 10 free agents received the offers on Nov. 4, and their former teams will receive draft-pick compensation if they sign elsewhere before the amateur draft in June. Players who did not accept included pitchers Gerrit Cole (Houston), Stephen Strasburg (Washington), Zack Wheeler (New York Mets) and Madison Bumgarner (San Francisco) along with third basemen Anthony Rendon (Washington) and Josh Donaldson (Atlanta) and outfielder Marcell Ozuna (St. Louis).
NHL roundup: Capitals edge Flyers 2-1 in shootout
Patriots notebook: Harry eager to show he belongs
Browse more in Sports
Maine Mariners
Maine Red Claws
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Det Nye Rigshospital
Derfor bygger vi
Nyt og presse
Søg på Nyt Hospital Blegdamsvej
Forside›The New Rigshospital
The New Rigshospital
Rigshospitalet aims to be Denmark's international hospital and rate among Europe's top ten research hospitals.
Facts about the North Wing
The North Wing is the new treatment building at Rigshospitalet. The first turf for the North Wing was cut in January 2014.
Around 1,500 staff from 12 departments from the Neuroscience Centre, the Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, the Centre of Diagnostic Investigation and the Service Centre, as well as two centre management teams will be moving into the new building.
The North Wing has been designed for highly specialised surgery and treatment for many different types of patient, e.g. patients who:
have neck cancer, malignant melanoma, breast cancer or brain cancer.
have burns, and patients who need skin reconstruction.
need teeth, jaw or facial surgery.
have epilepsy and other nervous disorders.
need bone or joint surgery.
need complicated eye surgery.
have critical brain and nervous diseases requiring intensive monitoring and treatment 24 hours a day.
The North Wing was built in two phases. The first and largest phase of the North Wing, which opened on 14 January 2020, is 54,700 m2. The second phase, which will open in summer 2020, is 10,500 m2. The North Wing will have a total floor area of 65,200 m2, corresponding to around 465 average-sized houses.
The North Wing is 234 m long, 57 m wide and 36 m high at its highest point. Besides the basement, the North Wing is three floors high at the one end starting at Blegdamsvej, and eight floors high at the opposite end.
The first phase of the North Wing includes:
209 rooms – 196 of which are private rooms with own shower and toilet.
33 operating theatres.
An intensive care section for neurological and neurosurgical patients with 20 intensive care rooms (private rooms) and ten recovery beds.
Ten scanners (MRI and CAT scanners) and two X-ray rooms.
Two rooms for acute removal of brain blood clots.
An operation reception and recovery section for 80-100 patients a day.
Furthermore, outpatient consultation rooms, office spaces, conference areas and changing facilities will be established.
The first phase of the North Wing has more than 2,110 rooms and more than 150 types of room.
The private rooms and outpatient consultation rooms are on average 21 m2. A standard operating theatre in the North Wing is 60 m2.
More than 500 outpatients are expected to arrive on weekdays for registration in the expansive common reception hall in the North Wing.
Patient pathways
Flows and processes take their outset in patient needs. Specialist competences will follow the patient, so diagnostics have also been incorporated into the North Wing.
Outpatient consultation rooms are easy to get to from the new reception hall. Patients register in the reception hall via a new check-in system that enables them to use any waiting time in the best way possible.
The new operation reception and recovery section means that more operations can be carried out as same-day surgery.
The North Wing has been designed as a zig-zag, with a crosswise central corridor and local “streets” in the clinical areas. This makes it easy and quick to get from A to B without disturbing areas with patients. Rooms are located such that they can be used by different departments, if necessary.
Link Arkitektur A/S (formerly Aarhusarkitekterne A/S) are the full-service consultants and they designed the North Wing with the rest of the team comprising 3XN, Sweco (previously Grontmij), Nickl&Partner from Germany, as well as Arkitekt Kirstine Jensens Tegnestue. NIRAS is the contractor consultant.
The first phase of the North Wing contains ten lifts and eight stairways. These include two eye-catching 31.5-metre-high spiral staircases. The 210 steps in the spiral staircases link the ground floor to the 7th floor.
The first phase of the North Wing is part of Rigshospitalet's Kvalitetsfondsprojekt (quality fund project), which also includes the carpark, the Patient Hotel and the Administration.
The total Kvalitetsfondsprojekt has a budget of DKK 1.85 billion (EUR 0.25 bn.) (in 2009 figures) and is jointly financed by the state-owned Kvalitetsfond (60%) and the Capital Region of Denmark (40%).
The second phase of the North Wing is primarily being financed by the Capital Region of Denmark and by private foundations.
Webgruppen på Rigshospitalet
Læs, hvordan du sender sikker digital post
Det Nye Rigshospital | Blegdamsvej 9 | 2100 Kbh Ø |
Telefon: 35 45 35 45 | E-mail: rigshospitalet@rh.regionh.dk
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Pacific Fiji
Sport: Fiji 7s focused on fast start
4:10 pm on 30 November 2018
The Fiji men's sevens team is hoping to burst out of the blocks in this weekend's opening round of the World Series in Dubai.
The Olympic sevens champions were pipped to the overall title by South Africa last season, despite winning five of the ten tournaments, including four in a row.
Fiji last won the opening round of the season in 2015 and coach Gareth Baber says they need to make a better start than they did last year.
"In Dubai (last year) we got to the semi finals but in South Africa (the following week) we didn't and if we look at the season as a whole it's possibly one or two of those performances that meant that we didn't actually walk away with the HSBC Series so we're very mindful of what level we have to come in at," he said.
The Fiji sevens team huddle together during a training session in Dubai. Photo: Fiji Rugby
After finishing last season without any silverware, Gareth Baber said it was important the players don't forget the success they did have and the work they did to achieve it.
"You've got to be very careful as a team (and) as a coaching staff that because you start to get to a point where you've got to finish things of you can feel the finish line that you don't suddenly change the way that you are as people and do something different," he said.
Fiji were beaten by New Zealand in the Rugby World Cup Sevens and Commonwealth Games. Photo: PHOTOSPORT
"We did some fantastic stuff last year - most notably the number of tournaments we won- but also the way we got some continuity in our game but we don't have a right for that to be the case all the time and it's for players learning to understand critical points in critical games to ensure that you can get across the finish line doing the things that you always do.
"It doesn't take a special act to get that done and I think that a number of people see it like that sometimes - you've got to do something different - and very much from my perspective is ensuring the players stay consistent, stay consistent with their behaviours but recognise as they grow and develop as international rugby players."
Kalione Nasoko scores one of his two tries in the final Photo: World Rugby - Martin Seras Lima
Kalione Nasoko will captain Fiji in the first two tournaments of the new season, with Paula Dranisinikula still injured.
Beniamino Vota, Filimoni Tuimaba and Vilimoni Botitu will make their World Series debut tonight in Fiji's opening match against France, with Scotland and Kenya also in the same pool.
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New Zealand Christchurch Terror Attacks
Christchurch shooting victim's husband worries on making ends meet
7:33 pm on 8 April 2019
Conan Young , Reporter
@ConanYoung1 conan.young@rnz.co.nz
The husband of a woman severely injured in the Christchurch mosque shootings says he's worried about the couple's financial future.
Mohammed Mashud Photo: RNZ / Conan Young
Mohammed Mashud hasn't been able to work since his wife was shot several times in the abdomen and chest while trying to flee Al Noor Mosque in the 15 March attacks.
Sazada Akhter, 25, is now paralysed from the chest down.
Her husband has remained by her bedside for more than three weeks as she faces further treatment, but now he's worried about mounting bills and rent.
Ms Akhter was unconscious for more than two weeks, and when she regained consciousness, her husband had the job of telling her she may never walk again.
"She has got life, but this is not life. That's why she is crying, crying. She tells me, my life is finished," Mr Mashud said.
Mr Mashud - who has lived here for six years - only recently convinced his wife to move here from Bangladesh, but he now wonders if he did the right thing.
"She came last year in December ... but she don't want to come, that's why I say, no, here is a very good country. I've been here six years and nothing happening here, lots of things I telling [her]. And I say you [can get a] job also here, you can make happy life. Now she asking, but what is this my life now."
Ms Akhter remains in hospital after undergoing several operations, including another one recently for an infection that developed from an earlier operation.
Mr Mashud stays with her for up to 18 hours a day, trying to reassure her and build her strength again by preparing her home-cooked meals, although she was still struggling to keep food down.
"At the moment I need to do everything, I need to do cooking ... I haven't got time ... morning until one o'clock [in the morning] I can't go home. Weekly, I need to pay a lot of bills ... that's why I am trying [to get] some help from Winz [Work and Income] but Winz can only help a little, not much," he said.
His sister was the only family he and his wife had in Christchurch and he was desperate for family members to get here from Bangladesh to help his wife at the hospital and allow him to get back to his steel fabricating job.
With no help from ACC for his lost wages while he had been at his wife's side, he worried how he would make ends meet now and in the months to come.
An ACC spokesperson said there was nothing in the legislation that allowed it to make payments to the family of those injured for lost wages while they cared for them.
RNZ asked Minister for ACC Iain Lees-Galloway if there was any plan to change the law in light of the mosque attacks.
He said the government was "considering options to ensure people directly affected by the attacks receive an appropriate level of support".
RNZ understands this may include an expansion of the definition of who is eligible for payments for mental health trauma.
Mr Mashud said he asked for people to pray for his wife and that he bore no ill will towards his adopted home country, despite what had happened.
"Mostly everybody is a good people, only one person is a little crazy but ... I think it is safe here."
As of Monday, Ms Akhter was one of 14 people still in hospital following the shootings.
One remains in a critical condition.
Christchurch Terror Attacks
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Some Muslims still anxious as they return to Friday prayers
Muslims are returning to the Al Noor and Linwood Mosques in Christchurch for Friday prayers, the first time since the 15 March terror attacks. Audio
Christchurch terror attacks: Muslims return to Al Noor and Linwood Mosques for Friday prayers
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Christchurch terror attacks: Australia law adds violent content penalties for social media companies
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First Look: How Ben E Keith’s New Facility will Make Huge Impact on the Culinary Scene
November 14, 2017 Greg Henderson
We frequently look at new and upcoming restaurants around the state, speculating what the impact on the local culinary scene will be as a result of the new spot. We have had one new opening on our radar for some time that will impact the food scene of the whole region in a big way.
Regardless of how locally sourced a restaurant is, almost every single restaurant orders some food from a food distributor. Ben E Keith is one of the two major distributors in the state, impacting a huge number of restaurants big and small. Chances are if you have been out to eat this week something you on your plate came off a Ben E Keith truck.
To say that the local food scene has changed in the last 5 or so years would be a huge understatement. That means a company like Ben E Keith has had to change dramatically too. The huge diversity in food distributed has changed. You now have more demand for local products, larger diversity in meats, and more careful consideration all around about what food is being put on a plate.
The changes, along with the growth in the overall food scene, mean the way of operating doesn’t always work well anymore. Anticipating the changes, Ben E. Keith announced a new facility for their Mid-South division in 2013, broke ground in 2015 on the east side of North Little Rock, and will finally move into the new facility after the first of the year.
The new space is a huge upgrade over the previous two facilities. In fact the new facility is twice the size of the previous facilities combined. After combining the two facilities along with various off site storage locations they will be at 46% capacity in the new spot.
The new facility has 20 dry docks and 33 cold docks, with an additional 24 that will be expanded in the future. They also control 72 acres around the site for future expansion.
The extra room means a higher availability of unique and custom items for individual restaurants that should help places source unique products enhancing the overall food scene.
As a part of this they installed two automated storage and retrieval systems (one in dry and one in cold storage), to quickly and efficiently process small items. The system allows for 19,000 product locations, all running on a computerized system that allows them to process small items more than 7x faster than before.
This should have a huge impact in the restaurant world. One of the frequent complaints I hear are from restaurants having to go out and find some highly specific ingredient causing them to use less, charge more, or pass on a dish where they cannot reliably source the product.
Along with the automation capabilities, the cooler side of the storage gets a huge upgrade in both functionality and overall food safety. The cold storage uses individually temperature controlled zones where food is able to be stored at an optimal temperature from 28-55°. This allows for each product to be stored for optimal freshness and quality.
On the freezer side they are able to store between 0 to -20°, with a quick free zone that moves air quickly across product to freeze rapidly, reducing crystal formation and product degradation.
Ben E Keith has always been about resources to help restaurants as well, which is the main reason we have had a long ongoing relationship with them. The new facility adds a world-class training space with seating up to 150 people, along with a new demo kitchen that is designed for training and demonstrations. The current kitchen is used frequently to help train restaurant owners and chefs across the state, the new one will make it much better to do so.
Also as a restaurant resource, there is a much better will call area allowing for quick needs between deliveries. The new area allows for faster and more efficient pickup by allowing Ben E Keith to stage all of the customer order ahead of pickup.
The new facility also is environmentally friendly. During the construction process they were able to divert 90% of the waste material out of landfills during construction. That continues once they move into the facility by careful recycling processes. They implemented a large number of energy-efficient measures, allowing for the overall facility to receive a Silver LEED Certification.
Ben E Keith is transitioning the distribution side of the business over slowly for the remainder of the year, with a full transition expected shortly after the first of the year.
Billy’s Burgers Pops Up in Little Rock
Rock City Kitchen Brings a Little Rock-Centric Restaurant to Downtown
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U.S.: Bush-Putin Talks Come As Moscow Appears To Be Drawing Closer To Washington On Key Issues
September 26, 2003 00:00 GMT
By Jeremy Bransten
Russian President Vladimir Putin is due to hold a series of meetings with U.S. President George W. Bush at Camp David near Washington starting today. Iraq, Iran, the Mideast, and bilateral cooperation in the energy sector are likely to top the agenda.
Prague, 26 September 2003 (RFE/RL) -- Russian President Vladimir Putin wraps up his third visit to the United States with a series of informal meetings today and tomorrow with U.S. President George W. Bush at the presidential retreat at Camp David.
The two leaders' last get-together -- at the start of June in St. Petersburg -- was already billed as the "reconciliation" summit, as the two countries tried to patch up strained relations in the wake of the Iraq war. In their post-summit news conference, Bush and Putin both emphasized that the strategic partnership between the United States and Russia remained healthy despite disagreement over the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and continued sparring over Russian nuclear cooperation with Iran. Putin said bilateral ties had emerged "stronger" than the events that had tested them.
Nearly four months later, differences over Iraq and Iran continue to dog bilateral ties, but there have been recent indications that Moscow may be drawing closer to Washington on the two key issues. Observers say Iran and Iraq will be among the central issues discussed during the Bush-Putin meeting, in addition to bilateral cooperation in the oil and gas sector.
The U.S. administration is seeking Russia's support for a draft resolution it has put forward at the UN Security Council that would authorize a multinational force in Iraq and share the financial burden of reconstruction.
Whether the resolution will be submitted to an actual vote and whether Moscow will side with the U.S. remains hard to predict. But one Russian foreign policy expert, Kimberly Marten of New York's Columbia University, tells RFE/RL that comments made this week by Putin suggest Russia is considering lending the U.S. some much-needed help on the ground in Iraq. More details could come out during the Bush-Putin talks.
"I think that one of the most important, concrete results that's likely to emerge is that Putin is eager to have a Russian military presence involved in peacekeeping operations in Iraq, which is something that meets his national interest, because it allows Russia to re-establish contacts in the region that it doesn't have unless it is cooperating with the United States," Marten said. "And a very stunning set of comments has emerged over the last couple of days, where Putin has actually said that he would be happy to have Russian troops serve under U.S. command. You may remember that in the Kosovo peacekeeping operations, that was something which was a big area of conflict between the two countries."
Nicholas Redman of the Economist Intelligence Unit in London tells RFE/RL that any deal will be the result of intense negotiation and is likely to include economic benefits for Russian oil companies.
"I think particularly with the negotiations on a UN resolution, it would certainly not be surprising if -- as quid pro quo -- the Russian firms, particularly those holding contracts in pre-war Iraq, were invited back in some form. I don't think necessarily they would be reinstated with the contracts as they were. But that might not be a bad thing for Russian firms. I think some of them would be quite eager," Redman said.
Reports yesterday that inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) may have uncovered further traces of enriched uranium in Iran are also likely to prompt Bush to renew his call for Russia to curb its nuclear cooperation with Tehran.
Bush yesterday told reporters that he will raise the issue during his talks with Putin. He said Tehran faces what he called "universal condemnation" if it keeps pursuing a nuclear weapons program. Iran denies that it is seeking to develop nuclear weapons.
Russia find itself in a bind with Iran, says Redman. On the one hand, the Putin administration wants to complete the lucrative contract for the Bushehr nuclear power plant it is building for Iran, but it shares U.S. concerns about nuclear proliferation.
"There's no way Russia wants to lose its links with Iran. There's no way it wants to lose the trade. But at the same time, Putin is going to be very clear that there's no interest in nuclear proliferation to Iran. And so the question is whether [Putin] can strike a balance, whether he can push the Iranians very slowly into compliance with the IAEA without losing the link or losing the trade, if possible," Redman says.
But Moscow-based political analyst Andrei Piontkovsky tells RFE/RL there are indications that Russia has been drawing closer to the U.S. position in recent weeks.
"Iran's stubborn, inflexible and now clear drive to acquire nuclear weapons is beginning to worry Russia and to draw [the United States and Russia] together. For example, Russia has now made it clear it is prepared to stop fuel deliveries to the Bushehr reactor if Iran does not sign an agreement on returning spent nuclear fuel. And Russia has also assumed a more flexible attitude on the issue of Iran signing an additional protocol on inspections with the IAEA. For now, Russia has not made completion of the Bushehr reactor conditional on Tehran's signature, but it has added its voice to others calling on Iran to sign the protocol," Piontkovsky says.
Kimberly Martin in New York agrees. She notes that Tehran faces a deadline from the IAEA to fully disclose the extent of its nuclear activities. Failure to comply could lead to action by the UN Security Council, in which case Russia would be hard-pressed not to freeze its deal with Tehran.
"As you know, Iran is now facing a deadline of October 31. And at that point, if the IAEA is not satisfied, there's a possibility of the UN Security Council imposing sanctions against Iran. At that point, Russia would have to take a stand -- either on behalf of the sanctions or against the sanctions. And I would guess, based on the direction that things are going, that it is unlikely to veto sanctions against Iran if it appears that the IAEA report is so strongly against Iranian intentions," Martin said.
Overall, says Andrei Piontkovsky, the ever-pragmatic Putin remains committed to a strategic alliance with the United States, because he and his advisers believe this dovetails with Russia's principal foreign policy and economic interests.
"If you take a broader strategic perspective, Russia and the United States have an objective interest in strategic cooperation because most of the conflicts of the 21st century are going to take place along Russia's southern border -- the Middle East and Central Asia, and let's not forget Northeast Asia and the problem of China's growing power. Awareness of this will draw the U.S. and Russia closer together. So I think Putin's understanding of these long-term mutual strategic interests will prevail over disagreements over specific details," Piontkovsky said.
In other words, when the talk turns to oil and gas sales, Iran and Iraq, expect Moscow to drift closer to Washington and further from Paris, despite the friendly exchanges during the latest meeting of the Russian-German-French "troika" in New York this week.
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10 Most Amazing Army Photos of the Last Year
Alex Hollings | January 13, 2020
The U.S. Army has no shortage of amazing photos. The only hard part of making a list like this is choosing which ones to include.
The history of the U.S. Army goes back further than the nation itself. While the Army as we know it today was established by America’s Congress of the Confederation on June 3, 1784, the branch’s roots reach back further, to the establishment of the Continental Army on June 14, 1775. As a result, the U.S. Army isn’t just the biggest branch in the U.S. military, it’s also the most senior, beating out the Marine Corps by about five months.
All told, the U.S. Army’s modern fighting force includes more than a million troops broken up into the regular Army, the Army National Guard, and the U.S. Army Reserves, and it uses those numbers to maintain a global presence.
So without further ado, check out these amazing Army photos taken over the past year!
Soldiers from Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 111th Infantry, 56th Stryker Brigade Combat Team conduct a night live-fire iteration of a Combined Arms Live Fire Exercise during Exercise Decisive Strike 2019 at the Training Support Centre, Krivolak, North Macedonia, June 11, 2019. Combined training enables allies and partners to respond more effectively to regional crises and meet their own national defense goals. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Frances Ariele Tejada)
Paratroopers with 1st Squadron, 40th Cavalry Regiment (Airborne), 4th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division, U.S. Army Alaska, huddle over a mock casualty to protect it from the rotor-wash of a landing UH-60 helicopter at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska Feb. 20, 2019. The Spartans teamed up with Soldiers from Golf Company, Detachment 2, 2nd Battalion, 104th General Support Aviation Battalion, JBER, to validate their capabilities of medical evacuation.
Soldiers demonstrate how to integrate maneuver forces with enablers for CWMD operations in an Underground Facility in South Korea. (Spc. John Che, U.S. Army)
U.S. Army paratroopers assigned to the 173rd Airborne Brigade react to contact while participating in Exercise Immediate Response at Pocek Training Area, Slovenia, May 15, 2019. Exercise Immediate Response is a multinational exercise co-led by Croatian Armed Forces, Slovenian Armed Forces, and U.S. Army Europe. The logistics-focused exercise is designed to test and improve the ability to move forces and equipment rapidly from one location to another. The exercise will improve readiness and interoperability among participating allied and partner nations.
Soldiers conduct a tactical airfield seizure demonstrating they are always lethal, agile and combat ready. (U.S. Army photo by Lt. Col. John Hall)
Soldiers assigned to 3rd Platoon, Bravo Company, 1st Battalion, 12th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division, conduct explosive breaching using bangalores alongside a team of engineers from Alpha Company, 52nd Brigade Engineer Battalion, 2IBCT, during the 1st Bn., 12th Inf. Reg. Platoon Live Fire Exercise, Aug. 14, 2019, on Fort Carson, Colorado. (U.S. Army photo by Capt. Chelsea Hall)
Infantry Soldiers with 1st Battalion, 8th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division, fire an FGM-148 Javelin during a combined arms live fire exercise in Jordan on August 27, 2019, in support of Eager Lion. Eager Lion, U.S. Central Command’s largest and most complex exercise, is an opportunity to integrate forces in a multilateral environment, operate in realistic terrain and strengthen military-to-military relationships. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Liane Hatch)
Golden Knights and the British Army’s Red Devils train together during a joint training exercise with other parachute team Soldiers. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. 1st Class Brandan Parra)
U.S. Army Rangers assigned to the 75th Ranger Regiment, climb the cliffs at Pointe du Hoc, in Cricqueville en Bessin, France June 4, 2019. Rangers scale the cliff to honor the 135 men killed or wounded from the 2d and 5th Ranger Battalions while capturing and holding Pointe du Hoc. More than 1,300 U.S. service members, partnered with 950 troops from across Europe and Canada, have converged in northwestern France to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Operation Overlord, the World War II Allied invasion of Normandy, commonly known as D-Day. Upwards of 80 ceremonies in 40 French communities in the region will take place between June 1-9, 2019, the apex being held June 6th at the Normandy American Cemetery at Coleville sur Mer. (U.S. Air Force photo by Master Sgt. Andy M. Kin)
U.S. Army paratroopers assigned to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division move to an assembly area Feb. 1, 2019 at Normandy Drop Zone, Fort Bragg, North Carolina. The paratroopers conducted a combat equipment static line airborne operation onto the drop zone to maintain their proficiency and rehearse their roles during follow-on missions. (U.S. Army photo by Sgt. Taylor Hoganson)
Alex Hollings
Alex Hollings is a writer, dad, and Marine veteran who specializes in foreign policy and defense technology analysis. He holds a master’s degree in Communications from Southern New Hampshire University, as well as a bachelor’s degree in Corporate and Organizational Communications from Framingham State University.
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Ballinger officials say the water is fine
Celinda HawkinsManaging Editor Runnels County Register
Jun 28, 2017 at 1:29 PM Jun 28, 2017 at 1:35 PM
Water customers in the City of Ballinger should have received their Consumer Confidence Report in the mail this week.
The report gives an annual snapshot of the water quality in the city, from samples taken at points designated and selected by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
City Manager Bryan Grimes said the city is required by law to send out the report each year.
‘”Every water system in the state of Texas has to send out a CCR and it must be in customer’s hands by July 31,” Grimes said.
The water quality report is from Jan. 1 through Dec. 31, 2016.
“It is basically a report card on the water system,” Grimes said.
Randy Everett, water plant superintendent, explained that this report shows that the organic contaminants were introduced into the water supply near the duck pond by the airport, due to a pipeline that has water that remains dormant in the pipe until it is flushed
“When the lakes came up organic matter got in the system,” he explained.
When the TCEQ selected the two sites for system sampling, they selected one by the airport because it was at the “furthest reaches of the distribution system,” Everett said.
Both Everett and Grimes assured that the water quality in Ballinger is good, and that testing is done daily for contaminants. The city water system is tested four times a year, and to get a perfect score, the city must have four good quarters of testing.
The water in Ballinger comes from Lake Ballinger and Lake O.H. Ivie. In this report, TTHM’s were found to be present in the water. TTHM” is “total trihalomethanes,” a group of chemical compounds first identified in drinking water in the 1970’s that form during drinking water treatment. The compounds are produced when organic matter in natural water reacts chemically with chlorine disinfectants, and are just one type of a larger family of chemicals known as Disinfection Byproducts.
Ballinger’s water has consistently tested well and the city passed in 2013, 2014 and 2015.
“There was a bad sample in the last quarter of 2016 and one in the first quarter of 2017,” Everett explained.
Everett said the samples have tested fine since this report was compiled, from a sample taken in December of 2016.
The Ballinger water plant, built in 2005, is one of the city’s newest infrastructure items and processes and treats two million gallons of water per day. A reverse osmosis system was added four years ago.
As the report states, drinking water, including bottled water may contain at least small amounts of contaminants, but that does not mean there is a health risk.
More information on contaminants and potential health risks can be obtained by calling the EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 800-426-4791.
Runnels County Register ~ 709 Hutchins Ave., Ballinger, TX 76821 ~ Do Not Sell My Personal Information ~ Cookie Policy ~ Do Not Sell My Personal Information ~ Privacy Policy ~ Terms Of Service ~ Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy
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The confrontational columnist
This summer, savor the small pleasures: Grilled salmon, blowing cigar smoke at strangers and starting bar fights.
By Garrison Keillor
July 12, 2006 3:00PM (UTC)
A summer night in paradise, supper in the backyard, and the neighbors' elderly cat who is on his last legs wanders over, smelling the salmon on our grill, walking as if his feet hurt. He's got the old-cat blues. He wakes up in the morning and everything tastes like turpentine; he feels like going down to the railroad line and letting the 4:19 pacify his troubled mind. My wife serves him a piece of salmon and he eats slowly, savoring the fish oil. He is 15 years old and this likely will be his last summer, and a fine one it is.
In Minnesota we look forward to these warm summer nights. That's what keeps us marching forward from February to June, the thought of eating supper outdoors in our shorts and bare feet. If this were Maui, where paradise is written into the contract, we would dread the thought of bliss interrupted, but here on the frozen tundra we accept July and August as our allotted ration of bliss. It's fabulous. We can't get over how wonderful it is. And then it's over.
It gives you a twinge to see an old cat on a paradise night who is about to croak. But I used up most of my anguish over mortality by the time I was 25. I was a poet, like everybody else, and wrote extensively about death and despair back then and pretty much wore out the subject. We poets went to parties where people chain-smoked and got bombed and listened to Janis Joplin screeching from the hi-fi speakers loud enough to cause cardiac arrest. Nobody imagined that Janis might someday come to Jesus and take up a life of regular exercise and good nutrition. She was determined to crash and burn. We, as it turned out, were not, but we were full of morbid gloom, a luxury of youth, trying to imagine death, the cessation of being, the emptiness of the world without us, the sliver of moon in the sky, the cry of the hoot owl, the railroad tracks stretching away to the west, et cetera.
Now my thoughts about death are mundane ones. I hope that when the cat croaks, he does it out in the open, or at least in the bushes, and doesn't try to crawl up under a porch where someone will have to reach in and extract him. People die in crevices in New York, brilliant loners who go to the city to find their niche only to get hooked on happy dust and wind up in a tiny apartment crammed with junk, and one dark day the neighbors detect an evil smell and call the cops and it's him, the tall gloomy man with the glasses, dead as a doornail. Keep in touch, tall gloomy men. Don't go in the cave. Leave that cocaine alone. Get outdoors more. Take long walks.
I've arrived at that delicate point in life where it gives me a twinge when the lady inside my computer says, "You are now disconnected." Or when the flight attendant refers to our "final destination" and says, "We will be on the ground shortly." Is that a nice way to talk? It suggests lying prostrate as uniformed personnel tear open your shirt and put the paddles on your chest. I don't want to be on the ground, I want to walk up the jetway and climb into a taxi and go to the hotel. Saunter into the bar, order a glass of gin neat with a twist of barbed wire, light up a stogie, look for the biggest guys in the room, walk over, blow smoke in their faces and say, "Which one of you fairies thinks he can take a 63-year-old newspaper columnist?"
"Oh," you say, "is that what you meant when you talked about living life boldly and lighting a candle in the darkness and daring to make a difference in your commencement speech at St. Raymond's lo these many years ago, when the president finally had to stand up and tap you on the shoulder and suggest that you wind it up?" Yes, of course, and just for that, you little twerp, I'm going to stop right now and not say what I was going to say about daring to be selfish and to enjoy your life without feeling obligated to share your hard-earned wisdom with your needy friends. Not another word from me. You figure it out for yourself.
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(Garrison Keillor's "A Prairie Home Companion" can be heard Saturday nights on public radio stations across the country.)
© 2006 by Garrison Keillor. All rights reserved. Distributed by Tribune Media Services Inc.
Garrison Keillor is the author of the Lake Wobegon novel "Liberty" (Viking) and the creator and host of the nationally syndicated radio show "A Prairie Home Companion," broadcast on more than 500 public radio stations nationwide. For more columns by Keillor, visit his column archive.
MORE FROM Garrison Keillor
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SermonIndex.net : Christian Books : Chapter 32.--The Gifts of Grace Conferred on Adam in Creation.
Anti-pelagian Writings by St. Augustine
Chapter 32.--The Gifts of Grace Conferred on Adam in Creation.
At that time, therefore, God had given to man a good will, because in that will He had made him, since He had made him upright. He had given help without which he could not continue therein if he would; but that he should will, He left in his free will. He could therefore continue if he would, because the help was not wanting whereby he could, and without which he could not, perseveringly hold fast the good which he would. But that he willed not to continue is absolutely the fault of him whose merit it would have been if he had willed to continue; as the holy angels did, who, while others fell by free will, themselves by the same free will stood, and deserved to receive the due reward of this continuance -- to wit, such a fulness of blessing that by it they might have the fullest certainty of always abiding in it. If, however, this help had been wanting, either to angel or to man when they were first made, since their nature was not made such that without the divine help it could abide if it would, they certainly would not have fallen by their own fault, because the help would have been wanting without which they could not continue. At the present time, however, to those to whom such assistance is wanting, it is the penalty of sin; but to those to whom it is given, it is given of grace, not of debt; and by so much the more is given through Jesus Christ our Lord to those to whom it has pleased God to give it, that not only we have that help without which we cannot continue even if we will, but, moreover, we have so great and such a help as to will. Because by this grace of God there is caused in us, in the reception of good and in the persevering hold of it, not only to be able to do what we will, but even to will to do what we are able. But this was not the case in the first man; for the one of these things was in him, but the other was not. For he did not need grace to receive good, because he had not yet lost it; but he needed the aid of grace to continue in it, and without this aid he could not do this at all; and he had received the ability if he would, but he had not the will for what he could; for if he had possessed it, he would have persevered. For he could persevere if he would; but that he would not was the result of free will, which at that time was in such wise free that he was capable of willing well and ill. For what shall be more free than free will, when it shall not be able to serve sin? and this should be to man also as it was made to the holy angels, the reward of deserving. But now that good deserving has been lost by sin, in those who are delivered that has become the gift of grace which would have been the reward of deserving.
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Shake Up The Establishment is a youth-led, registered (#1190975-4) national non-partisan non-profit organization that operates within the geographical confines of what is currently known as "Canada", but what is referred to by its First Peoples, as Turtle Island. Indigenous peoples have inhabited Turtle Island for over 10,000 years, and were the sole inhabitants less than 500 years ago. We acknowledge that our address resides on Treaty 3 land, and is the traditional territory of the Erie, Neutral, Huron-Wendat, Haudenosaunee and Mississaugas Peoples. Turtle Island is still home to many Indigenous peoples and we at SUTE are thankful to be able to live, learn and work on this territory, whilst continuing to create meaningful change for the climate justice movement. We are aware that our actions as an organization and the work we put out have an impact on our land, and on all that inhabit it. We are humbled to be able to follow the lead of centuries long Indigenous-led efforts towards the protection and stewardship of this land and the people that inhabit it. We are committed to continually evaluating & decolonizing our practices, and we do our best to incorporate the lived experiences of the land defenders and protectors within our work. We also want to honour the voices of Black, and non-Black people of colour within our work, and continually recognize their resiliency in the face of years of systemic oppression as imposed by the Canadian state.
Our enterprise is inclusive of all folx who call the geographical confines of what is currently known as Canada, home, and we celebrate the horizontal learning that comes from our diverse identities. As an organization, we will try our utmost best to ensure that only individuals with lived experiences are speaking on behalf of their communities, while still recognizing that Black, Indigenous and communities of colour as well as the LGBTQ2S+ community, are not a monolith. We firmly believe in accountability, and commit to being as transparent as possible in our activism space; to research our topics well, support and centre community care, and minimize any harm, no matter the intent. We have strict policies and procedures to uphold these tenets, and update these on a yearly (or as-needed) basis.
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Metropolitan Opera Tickets
Metropolitan Opera: Fire Shut Up in My Bones
Metropolitan Opera at Lincoln Center - New York, NY
Metropolitan Opera: Boris Godunov
Metropolitan Opera: Iphigenie En Tauride
Metropolitan Opera: Turandot
The Metropolitan Opera or “The Met” is a company that has produced some of the greatest operas in history. Based in New York City with Peter Gelb as its general manager, The Met provides a rich experience in classical music with excellent ambiance, making opera watching an enlivening experience.
Over the years, The Metropolitan Opera has become the largest classical music organization in all of North America. The Met takes opera fans on a journey that they remember forever. This is one of the reasons why Metropolitan Opera tickets are always in high demand.
The History of the Met
The idea to establish the Metropolitan Opera came to a group of New York millionaires when they had a hard time securing box office seats at the Academy of Music. Their goal was to make a bigger and better performing arts alternative that would outshine the Academy of Music in every way. The result was the Metropolitan Opera.
In 1880, the Met was created and soon members of the Roosevelt, Morgan and Vanderbilt families became its members. It took another three years to build sets and hire singers and orchestra. On October 22, 1883, The Metropolitan Opera opened on Broadway and 39th Street and three years after that, the Academy of Music shut down its operations.
The First Season
For the first few decades, the Met avoided producing opera performances and instead, hired renowned impresarios/managers to perform every season at the Metropolitan Opera House. In its first season, Henry Eugene Abbey was asked to present an opera and he and his team staged Charles Gounod’s Faust which starred the talented soprano, Christina Nilsson. Other stars that played a part in the production included, Sofia Scalchi, Marcella Sembrich, Roberto Stagno and Italo Campanini.
During the inaugural season of the Met, Abbey delivered 150 performances of 20 different operas by Gounod including, Verdi, Wagner, Meyerbeer, Thomas and Flotow. The debut season came to an end with a long gala performance to benefit Henry Abbey. This marked the start of one of the most prestigious opera houses in the world, The Metropolitan Opera.
What Makes The Met So Special
An extensive list of operas - The Met is one of a kind opera house and what makes it so special is that it has staged U.S. premiers of some of the most famous operas in history. The list includes classics like Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, Götterdämmerung and Parsifal. Moreover, the company has staged around thirty-two world premieres including, John Harbison’s The Great Gatsby, Tan Dun’s The First Emperor, Philip Glass’s The Voyage and Tobias Picker’s An American Tragedy.
Famous Conductors - Many notable conductors have helped shaped the Met’s rise to becoming a leader in opera productions. It all began with Anton Seidl in the 1880s and the 1890s. Then, Arturo Toscanini made his debut in 1908. After him, many prominent names like, Bruno Walter, Artur Bodanzky, Gustav Mahler and Dimitri Mitropoulos were hired as conductors. In September of 2011, Fabio Luisi was named the Met’s Principal Conductor.
Turning youngsters into stars! - The Met features a large symphony-sized orchestra along with a children’s choir and a chorus. There are also leading and supporting solo singers who help deliver these mesmerizing performances. Plus, the company also employs free-lance dancers, musicians and actors some of whom got start through the Met’s young artists programs.
Met Titles - The list doesn’t end there. In fact, there is one more thing that the Metropolitan Opera offers and that is Met Titles. It is a unique system of simultaneous translation. Met Titles appear on each individual screen that is mounted on the back of every seat. The best thing about the Met Titles is that you can view the titles of all Met performances in multiple languages including, Spanish, German and English.
The Numbers - Another thing which makes the Metropolitan Opera stand out is that each season, the company stages in excess of two hundred performances which are enjoyed by more than eight hundred thousand people.
The Met Takes over the World
The Met has always been at the forefront when it comes to embracing new technologies. This has resulted in the company taking initiatives that have expanded its reach to millions of opera fans around the US and abroad.
Television – Forty years ago in 1977, the Met launched a regular television series with a performance of, La Bohème. It was viewed by over four million people. Since that day, the company has come up with 70 complete Met performances that are available everywhere in the world. Many of these performances have also been released on DVDs, video and laserdiscs.
Satellite Radio – In 1910, radio pioneer, Lee De Forest aired the first two Met live performances which were heard as far as Newark, New Jersey. Now, there is a radio channel on Sirius XM Satellite Radio titled, ‘Metropolitan Opera Radio’ which is dedicated to airing Met performances round the clock and that too commercial-free.
High Definition Video – In the fall of 2006, The Metropolitan Opera introduced, ‘The Met: Live in HD.’ It included a series of performances which were shown in high definition all around the globe. Today, ‘The Met: Live in HD’ is being shown in over two thousand venues in seventy-three countries across six continents. Some of these performances are also shown on television and have been released on DVD. Moreover, the Metropolitan Opera Guild has also designed a nationwide program in partnership with the New York City Department of Education for students to attend these ‘Live in HD’ transmissions for free in their schools.
Metropolitan Opera Discount Tickets
The Metropolitan Opera currently has three opera houses. One of them is on Broadway and is known as ‘The Old Met.’ The second one is located at the Upper West Side of Manhattan at the famous Lincoln Center. The third opera house is in Philadelphia at the North Broad Street. If you are a fan of classical theater, then you can now get your Metropolitan Opera discount tickets to see some magical productions, live. Rest assured, it will be an experience you won’t forget for a long time to come.
Palm Beach Opera La Boheme Turandot The Sound Of Music - Opera Die Fledermaus Die Zauberflote Notre Dame De Paris Houston Grand Opera Christopher Jackson Don Giovanni
Fan’s First Choice to Get Cheap Metropolitan Opera Tickets
Our process for purchasing cheap Metropolitan Opera tickets is simple and fast. There are so many online ticketing sites, that it can be hard for customers to find the right place to buy Metropolitan Opera tickets at the cheapest price. At ScoreBig we think of our customers first and foremost. We offer daily deals for Metropolitan Opera events, so our customers can get the best seats for the best prices. ScoreBig will always go above and beyond to offer the cheapest Metropolitan Opera tickets on the market.
The Metropolitan Opera schedule above, displays all available events for 2020. Once you find the event that you would like to go to, click the red “Get Tickets” button. It is located on the right-hand side of the event listing, it will take you to an Metropolitan Opera event ticket page. ScoreBig's event ticket page will display all available Metropolitan Opera tickets for that event. On the event ticket page to help with your search for the right Metropolitan Opera tickets, use the filters at the top to select quantity, price range, and more. There is also an interactive seating chart so you can pick where you want to sit. When you are ready to buy a ticket, click on the listing, and you will be directed to ScoreBig's checkout page. Upon completion of the information fields, your order will be processed and your Metropolitan Opera tickets will be delivered via email, mail, or to your mobile device.
What makes ScoreBig’s site stand out from the rest? We are constantly analyzing our competitors to improve our site, service, and prices. ScoreBig.com employees strive to offer the best process and experience to buy cheap Metropolitan Opera tickets. Our goal is to get you the best seats to Metropolitan Opera events. We offer daily discounts on our site and for special promotions check out our newsletter. If there are no Metropolitan Opera events currently available, you can use our search feature at the top of the page to see a list of all popular events going on near you. No matter your price point, we have all the best deals and discounts on Metropolitan Opera tickets. For more information on prices of Metropolitan Opera tickets and the schedule for Metropolitan Opera, check out our listings above.
The last thing you want to find out is when the Metropolitan Opera event you wanted to go to is sold-out. Don’t worry in many cases ScoreBig has affordable tickets to sold out events. We sell tickets from GA all the way to premium seating and parking. Skip the scalpers in the parking lot and get your tickets online from top Metropolitan Opera ticket brokers. We get you in all events, buy your Metropolitan Opera tickets here from a brand that many trust and rely on for all their ticketing needs.
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Pulsatilla vulgaris 'Rote Glocke'
Red Pasque Flower, Windflower, Meadow Anemone
Packet Size: 50mg
The Pulsatilla genus includes some of the loveliest of all flowering plants. In early spring when their woolly, flower buds first appear, through to flowering-time, their beautiful flowers will attract praise from all that see them.
From the time their enchanting, feathery seed-heads are formed, through to autumn, their hairy foliage always looks attractive. These plants are always a delight. The flowers become silky fruiting seed-heads which are interesting in the garden and are also good for flower arrangements.
Pulsatilla vulgaris 'Rote Glocke' also known as 'Röde Klokke' or 'Red Bells', is a lovely, deep-red form with long, broad petals with bright golden stamens and mid-green leaves.The silky foliage is deeply divided and covered with soft silvery hairs.
The common name of Pasque Flower comes from the French word Pâques, meaning Easter, the time of year when Pulsatilla vulgaris blooms. The flowers are produced very early, often opening while still under snow cover.
Hardy and long lived. Pulsatilla are an easy plant to grow, the plants can develop into robust clumps after only a few years, with a dozen or more blooms out at any one time. They are an almost essential plant for the rock garden as they will tolerate a range of conditions and really hard winters.
The plants grow to a height of 15 to 30cm (6 to 12in) tall, and a spread of 20cm (8in). They are excellent at the front of the perennial border or cold greenhouse, and can also be shown off planted in pots and containers, their main requirement is a well-drained soil. But be aware, pulsatilla, especially vulgaris, do not like to be pot-bound.
Awarded the RHS Award of Garden Merit
Pulsatilla vulgaris has been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit (AGM).
Sow in late winter to early spring, February to April or sow in late summer to Autumn, August to October.
Trim any of the tails that are left on the seed and sow on the surface of lightly firmed, moist seed compost in pots or trays. Just cover the seed with a light sprinkling of compost or vermiculite. After sowing, do not exclude light as this helps germination.
Keep at a temperature of between 15 to 20°C (59 to 68°F). Keep the surface of the compost moist but not waterlogged; germination is erratic, taking between 30 to 180 days. The seed may germinate after a couple of weeks in summer or sometimes will appear in spring after going through the winter following sowing.
When the seedlings are large enough to handle, carefully transplant the seedlings into 7.5cm (3in) pots to grow on. Gradually acclimatise to outdoor conditions for 10 to 15 days before planting out. While the seedlings can be moved when young, but established plants have long, fleshy taproots and don’t like being disturbed.
Plant 30cm (12in) apart. For best results, provide well-drained soil in full sun.
As long as the plants are given a fertile, gritty, well-drained soil in full sun they should be long-lived. If the plants are left with wet roots over winter they are likely to rot and die.
There are no particular pests or diseases affecting Pulsatilla, apart from slugs and snails, which can feast on emerging buds.
The roots are easily damaged, so digging and dividing your Pasque Flowers should only be done when absolutely necessary and then, it should be done during the winter. Root cuttings can be taken at that time.
The plants self-seed readily and their seedlings can be transplanted to a permanent spot easily while they are still young.
The plants go dormant in mid-summer, so be sure to mark the planting spot with a stake as they disappear from sight so that you don't accidentally dig them up.
Pulsatilla flowers and seed are toxic and are not to be eaten. The plant is a member of the same family as Buttercup and contains the glycoside ranunculin. It has a very bitter taste which produces an immediate burning in the mouth. Fatal in a large amount but there are no records of anyone ever consuming enough because of the taste and effect.
Alpines and Rockeries, and Flower Borders and Beds. Containers and Troughs. Flower arranging.
Most of the 30-plus species of Pulsatilla are found in Europe and temperate Asia, but their range extends as far east as Japan, and two species occur in North America. Pulsatilla vulgaris has a natural distribution that stretches from western Europe and as far east as Siberia and as far north as parts of England and Sweden.
It thrives on dry, sunny, infertile meadows and grassland on south or south west facing slopes in sparse pine forests with sandy or limy soils on plains and in elevations up to 1000 metres. It cannot survive on fertile ground and disappears at once if the ground is fertilised. In Switzerland, all species of Pulsatilla are protected by law.
It is the county flower of the English counties of Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. A large colony occurs on publicly accessible land in the Cotswolds, at the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust's Gloucestershire Pasqueflower Reserve.
The genus name Pulsatilla is derived from the Latin pulsare meaning to pulsate in reference to the movement of the flowers in the wind.
The species name vulgaris is a Latin adjective meaning ‘common’, referring to the fact that it was a well-known plant.
Pulsatilla vulgaris 'Rote Glocke' is a cultivated variety that is also known as 'Röde Klokke' or 'Red Bells'
The old English common name was originally ‘pass flower’, adopted from the French ‘passe fleur’. Gerarde changed it to ‘Pasque Flower’ from the French word Pâques, meaning Easter, the time of year when Pulsatilla vulgaris blooms.
In North America they’re sometimes classified as anemones and in Europe, Pulsatilla vulgaris was named Anemone pulsatilla by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. Recent phylogenetic studies, which look at DNA to establish relationships, have suggested they should be included within the genus Anemone, but for now, at least, the name Pulsatilla is the one you’re more likely to come across.
The common name for both anemones and pulsatillas is Wind Flower. The Greek physician Theophrastus (3rd century BC) named the plant ánemos, meaning wind, in reference to the shaggy little fruits that are dispersed by the wind.
It is a member of the Buttercup family, Ranunculaceae.
Pharmaceutically, Pulsatilla vulgaris was formerly called ’Herba venti’. It is the main ingredient in the French tonic hépatoum, taken for ‘crise de foie’. Translating as 'crisis of the liver', these words describe a malady from which the French suffer. Given that rich food and alcohol are two substances that seriously challenge the function of the liver, it isn't surprising that the French, notably hearty consumers of both, suffer from crises de foie.
French doctors are trying ever so gently to convince their public that it is the result of dietary indiscretions, meals eaten too quickly, too rich, or too generously 'irrigated'...with aperitifs, wine, and digestifs, and are indeed nothing more than...indigestion and a hangover.
To treat this mythic malady? Reach for a bottle of Hepatoum. This quintessentially French medication comes in a bottle, and is a clear, yellow colour. This traditional medication's active ingredient is an extract of the flowering perennial plant Anemone pulsatilla, believed to facilitate elimination of bile - but the main ingredient by volume is alcohol!
Rote Glocke
Pulsatilla vulgaris Röde Klokke or Red Bells
Easterflower, Crowfoot,
Early Spring through to Early Autumn
15-30cm (6-12in)
Must be well drained
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Filed under: Israel and Palestine - Outside Jerusalem,Locations — Tags: Abimelech, Abraham, Bedouin, Beersheba, Beersheva, covenant, Esau, ewe lambs, Hagar, horned altar, Isaac, Ishmael, Israel, Jacob, Negev, Philistines, Sarah, tamarisk, Tel Beersheba, well — 10:55 am
The patriarch Abraham pitched his tent and dug a well at Beersheba, a wilderness location identified in the Scriptures as the southern limit of the Promised Land.
Ancient well outside Tel Beersheba’s city gate (© Israel Ministry of Tourism)
About 2000 years before Christ, God had called Abraham, originally from Mesopotamia, to leave his family and possessions and journey to a new land — with the promise that his descendants would become a great nation.
At Beersheba Abraham’s well, on which he depended to water his flocks, was seized by servants of the king of the Philistines, Abimelech.
Abraham complained to Abimelech and struck an oath with the Philistine king, giving him seven ewe lambs for affirming that Abraham had dug the well. To symbolise the covenant affirming his ownership of the well, Abraham planted a tamarisk tree and “called there on the name of the Lord, the everlasting God”. (Genesis 21:25-33)
The name Beersheba (also called Beersheva and Be’er Sheva) means “well of the oath” or “well of the seven [lambs]”. (In Hebrew, the word sheva or sheba means both seven and oath.)
Abraham’s Well at Beersheba in mid-1900s, its stones grooved by ropes (© Matson Photo Service)
Whenever the writers of Scripture wanted to speak of all Israel from north to south, they would use the expression “from Dan [the northern-most city] to Beersheba” (for example, 1 Samuel 3:20).
Setting for many biblical events
Beersheba, on the northern edge of the barren Negev desert and about 75 kilometres south of Jerusalem, features in several other events of Bible history:
• Abraham and his wife Sarah evicted her slave-girl Hagar and Hagar’s son Ishmael (fathered by Abraham) to wander in the wilderness. But God promised Hagar he would also make Ishmael’s descendants a great nation. (Genesis 21:8-21)
• It was from Beersheba that Abraham journeyed with his son Isaac to Mount Moriah at Jerusalem, where God had ordered him to sacrifice the boy as a burnt offering. (Genesis 22:1-19)
Abraham with his family and flocks (József Molnár, Hungarian National Gallery)
• Isaac, who built an altar to the Lord at Beersheba, also had a dispute with the Philistines over water, and he too resolved it in a covenant with Abimelech. (Genesis 26:18-31)
• Isaac’s son Jacob stole the birthright from his brother Esau while the family camped at Beersheba (Genesis 27:1-40). Fleeing from Esau, Jacob had a dream about angels on a ladder reaching up to heaven (Genesis 28:1017)
• When the elderly Israel (formerly Jacob) was on his way to Egypt, he stopped at Beersheba to offer sacrifice to the God of his father Isaac. God spoke to him “in visions of the night” and encouraged him on his journey. (Genesis 46:1-7)
Ancient settlement contains a well
Of the several wells in and around Beersheba, one known as Abraham’s Well is on the southern edge of the old town, where Ha’azmaut Street joins Hebron Road. It is 26 metres deep.
Excavated ancient city at Tel Beersheba (© Israel Ministry of Tourism)
Nearby is the site of a colourful Bedouin market that has operated each Thursday since 1905.
But the ancient settlement from biblical times was located at Tel Beersheba, some 4 kilometres east of the city, on highway 60.
This World Heritage Site also contains a well — dated to the 12th century BC, the time of the patriarchs, and an impressive 69 metres deep — just outside the city gate.
Archaeological excavations have uncovered public buildings, private houses, stables, and a large and impressive water system and reservoir. Extensive reconstruction in mudbrick has been done.
Reconstructed altar at Tel Beersheba (David Q. Hall)
Also on display is a replica of a horned altar, whose hewn stones were found reused on the site. It obviously belonging to an unlawful cult, because it does not comply with the law that an altar should be of “stones on which you have not used an iron tool” (Deuteronomy 27:5).
The altar was probably one of those broken up during the religious reforms of King Josiah (2 Kings 23:8).
The burgeoning modern city of Beersheba is peopled largely by Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union, Ethiopia and other countries. But the past is always present: Redevelopment of the bus station in 2012 uncovered remains of a Byzantine city, including two well-preserved churches.
Abraham makes a covenant with the Philistines: Genesis 21:25-33
Hagar and Ishmael are sent into the wilderness: Genesis 21:8-21
Isaac makes a covenant with the Philistines: Genesis 26:18-31
Jacob steals Esau’s birthright: Genesis 27:1-40
Israel receives a vision on his way to Egypt: Genesis 46:1-7
King Josiah destroys Beersheba’s high places: 2 Kings 23:8
Fresh produce at Beersheba’s Bedouin market (© Israel Ministry of Tourism)
Entrance to the biblical water system at Tel Beersheba (© Israel Ministry of Tourism)
Tamarisk tree in Israel (Ian W. Scott)
Restoration in the ancient city of Tel Beersheba (© Israel Ministry of Tourism)
Abraham’s Well at Beersheba (Daniel Baránek)
Bourbon, Fabio, and Lavagno, Enrico: The Holy Land Archaeological Guide to Israel, Sinai and Jordan (White Star, 2009)
Prag, Kay: Israel & the Palestinian Territories: Blue Guide (A. & C. Black, 2002)
Stiles, Wayne: “Sights and Insights: Last stop and a point of departure”, Jerusalem Post, May 26, 2011
Beersheba (Wikipedia)
Ancient City of Beersheba (Jewish Virtual Library)
Tel Be’er Sheva (BibleWalks)
Beersheba (Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
Excavations at Beersheba Bus Station Expose the Heart of the Byzantine City (Bible History Daily)
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ALLENBY, T. P. R95975. Allenby’s given names are Thomas Peter.
ALMAS, R.M. J93110. The correct age at death was 26 not 21. Detail provided by J. Pilling-Cormick, Ph.D., Burlington, ON.
ANDERSON, R.E.V. R54533. Target – Brest, France. Wellington aircraft R1442 (HA-D) crashed into the sea off Brest Sgt. T.W. Dabinette (RNZAF) and four RAF crew members, Sgt.s G.S. Snoddon, D.F. Henderson, J.D. Brown, and A.G. Plumb were also killed.
ANDREW, F.N. R90241. Sgt. Andrew’s given names are Frederick Norman and he came from Burgessville, not Burgersville. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ANDREWS, W. R104347. Reference to Murdoch, R.E. should be to Murdock, R.E.
ARCHIBALD, C. G. J25898. The Operational Training Unit was #330 not #33.
ARMSTRONG, R.K. J93703. P/O. Armstrong was from Harriston, not Harrison. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ARTHURS, K.N. 86705. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s M.F. Lloyd, S. Charlton, A.E. Law, and J.H.S. Jacobs were also killed. One member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War. Detail from #115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
ASHBURNER, L.J. J7623. Correct spelling of St. Catharines, not St. Calherines. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ASHDOWN, F.J.M. J17262. Lyttle W.A. etc. should read please see Wallace D.J. for casualty list and flight detail.
ATKINSON, D.M. R67316. The aircraft crashed south-west of Hullavington, not Hullarington. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ATKINSON, J.M. R66686. Sgt. Atkinson’s correct date of death is Aug.25/42, not Aug.8/42. Target – Frankfurt, Germany. Lancaster aircraft R5662 crashed SW of K0ln, Germany whilst engaged in a night bombing Op. Six RAF members of the crew, W/C. G.H. Sheenan, FS.s N.R. Meyer, B.J. Davis, Sgt.s A.F. Cursett-Sutherland, J. McCleary, and H. Ekin were also killed.
AUSTIN, F.C. R58580. The aircraft was lost near St. Omer, not St. Omar. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
AWAD, C.M.S. J15639. F/O.s. S. Pozer (RCAF), FS. R. Lang (RAF), and S/L. J. Cairns (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
BAGGS, H.G. R141241. Sgt. Baggs was stationed at Pendelton, Ontario at the time of his death. Detail provided by Judge W. Durham, Waterloo, Ontario.
BAHT, R.E. J22534. Lancaster aircraft JB 174 (OF-S) hit by flak whilst over the target. P/O. G.D. Nichol (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War, five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s P. Cassidy, A.E. Gadsby, H.J. Lewis, J.H. Brown, and H.T. Finche were also killed.
BAILEY, J.B. 949169. Cpl. Bailey was from Victoria, British Columbia not Vancouver. He was 29 at date of death and is buried in the Dely Ibrahim War Cemetery, Algeria. Cpl. Bailey was on strength with #238 Squadron not #244.
BAILEY, W. B. E. R87985. WO. Bailey’s given names were William Benjamin Edward and he was from Victoria, British Columbia
BAILEY, M. R119568. Stirling aircraft EE 955 (AA-D) missing during night operations against Nornburg, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s H. Jennings, J .R. Culshaw, A. Clarke, R. Renfrew, FS.s F.D. Higham (RNZAF), and C.J. Bridger (RNZAF) were also killed.
BAIN, D.L. R106671. Halifax aircraft BK 540 (AL-C) lost over enemy territory during operations to Bochum, Germany. Four RAF crew members; FS. E.K. Hart, Sgt.s H.D.G. Carty, R.E. Scott, and W.F. Whiteland were also killed.
BAIN, J.D.N. J6027. P/O. Bain’s given names are John Douglas Norman.
BAKER, C.O. C11711. The aerodrome was at Croft, not Craft. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BAKER, C.S. R 146764. Lancaster aircraft DV 378 (PO-C) failed to return from operations over Berlin, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, FS. N.W. Allen, Sgt.s F. Barrett, J. Nixon, S.W. Tupper , and F/O. A.O. Riley (RAAF) were also killed. F/O. J.R. Valastin (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
BAKER, E.D. J5060. Four RAF crew members, Sgt.s V.L. Stephens, E.G. Shetter, G.E. Newman, and FS. E.H. Erby were also killed.
BAKER, W. J23291. Five RAF members of the crew, FS. D.J. Blencowe, Sgt. R.B. Bond, F/O. R.C. Booth, F/L. J. Dickson D.F.M, and P/O. F.G. Totterdell were also killed.
BAKER-FALKNER, R. S. Lt. Cdr. Baker-Falkner’s given namesare Roy Sydney and the memorial is at Lee-on-the-Solent, not Solen. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BALCER, C.R. J17747. Wellington aircraft HE 543 (NA-D) lost during a mine laying operation. Four RAF members of the crew, P/O. R.A. Parkinson, Sgt.s W. Collier, K.P. Garnett, and F/O. G. Meakins were also killed.
BALDWIN, J.M. J24527. Sgt. W.L. York (RAF) was also killed.
BALINSON, A. R64389. A Balinson was a Flight Sergeant, his given name is Alexander not Alexander B., and he was killed on a raid on Valetta, not Vadletta. Correction by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, ON.
BALL, W.S. J86161. Lancaster aircraft DS 823 (JI-M) was shot down by a night fighter and crashed NE. of Rahden during operations to Leipzig, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew P/O. W. Henry, Sgt.s W. Lannigan, AE. Bennett, S.W. Ricketts, D. Kenny, and F.B. Vallance were also killed.
BAMBRIDGE, J.H. R147187. FS. Bambridge enlisted in Winnipeg in I 94, trained and graduated at #3 Bombing & Gunnery School, Macdonald, Manitoba in 1942. Detail from the book World War II 1939 – 1945.
BANDLE, L. J86128. Sgt. W.C.W. King (RAF) was also killed and P/O. J.A. McIntosh (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
BARABONOFF, J. A. R12921 I. WO. Barabonoff”s given names are Joseph Alexander.
BARBER, H.B. J5686. Lancaster aircraft R5619 (OL-S) failed to return whilst on Ops. to Duisburg, Germany. Sgt.s R.A. Wilson (RAAF), and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E.A. Rudge, J. McCarten, R.H. Brash, P/O.s H.H. Whitehead D.F.M, and J.W. Corfield D.F.M. were also killed.
BARDOLPH, G.M. 78695. Blenheim aircraft failed to return from a trip over enemy held territory. Sgt. I. lnskip (RAF) was also killed and one RAF member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War.
BARKHOUSE, D.F. R65416. Target- Koln, Germany. FS. N.H. Welsh (RNZAF), Sgt.s F.L. Wood (RNZAF), A. Service (RAF), F.H. Worlledge (RAF), and J.A. Matctich
(RAF) were also killed.
BARLOW, T. R91649. WOI Barlow was born in Bottesford, Leicester, England and his given name is Thomas. He is buried in the Rawalpindi War Cemetery, Pakistan in the section of the Protestant Cemetery known as Gorah Qabrastaan.
BARNARD, L.J. R117579. Stirling aircraft W7628 (OJ-B) was returning from Ops. to Genoa when it ran out of fuel and crashed at Rye Street, Cliffe, Kent, England. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s S.F. Taylor, D.J. Bowden, E.C. Holmes, R.A. Blake, and F/O. R.K. Randall were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
BARNES, H E.P. C1823. F/L. Barnes given names are Herbert Evan Paul.
BARNSON, A.T. R91572. The aircraft crashed near Leeming, not Lemming. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BARR, T.A R50990. LAC Barr’s given names are Thomas Archibald.
BARRETT, G.D.L. R72444. LAC Barrett’s given names are Gurney De Lois not Gurney Del Lois.
BARROWMAN, A.M. J85618. Six RAF members of the crew, FS.s A.E. Roberts D.F.M., T.R. Shaw D.F.M., F/L.s W.A. Meyer D.F.C., B.J. Starie D.F.C., P/O.s R.C. Pike D.F.M., and J.C. McLeish D.F.C, were also killed.
BARTKIEWICZ, F.P. J8430. F/O. Bartkiewicz’s second given name is Paul. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BARTLEMAY, W.A. J95199. I.V. Bartlemay did not lose his life during WWII. The passage “BROTHER to” should be ignored .Correction provided by A. E. Barnard. Burlington, On.
BARTLETT, J.A.P. 798582. FS. Bartlett’s given names are John Alexander Peach.
BARTON, K.J. R64730. Sgt. W.R. Sutherland was not a member of this crew. Wellington aircraft R 1609 lost during Ops. to Emden, Germany. Five RAF crew members, Sgt.s G.A. Cotton, J.C. Black, G.T. Hunt, G.T. Jones, and P/O. J. Dodds-Forrest were also killed.
BASKERVILLE, J.E. 37537. RAF crew members. F/L. E.O. Fennel, LAC.s L. Close, W.G. Newton, and Sgt. B.D. Shepperson were also killed.
BASKERVILLE, N.G. J88192. The squadron letters for this aircraft were EM-M. The aircraft exploded in the air and then crashed about 1 km east of Donnemarie-Dontilly. In 1950 the local population erected a stone, carved with the cross of Lorraine, as a memorial to this crew. Detail provided by M. Jewell, Exeter, Eng.
BATCHEN, R. T. 1365683. Sgt.s K.I. Jones (RAF) and J.G. Reynolds (RAF) were also killed. Detail from# 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
BATTAGLIA, J.E. R81397. AC2 Battaglia’s given name is Jean not John.
BAYARD, J.W. J24999. Liberator aircraft BZ 961 crashed into the Redstone Quarry near Leuchars, Scotland. Seven RAF members of the crew, F/O.s R. Taylor, G.J. Dunn, R.A. Alabster, R. Walker, P/O. W.H. Thompson, Sgt.s E.H. Wilkinson, H. Nimmo, WO. G.J. Forbes (RNZAF), and FS. J.H. Williams (RAAF) were also killed.
BEALE, H. F. J14816. F/O. Beale’s given names are Harold Frid.
BEATTY, A. M. J25737. The squadron was based at Full Sutton when aircraft LL 138-N went missing during operations to Orleans Loiret, France. WO. G.T. Haworth (RAF), Sgt.s C.T. Hale (RAF), and J.D. Taylor (RAF) were taken Prisoners of War. Sgt. Hale died while a prisoner. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
BEATTY, W.S. R119427. The aircraft squadron letters were LQ-F. Six Canadians, P/O. J. Lago, FS.s K. Perry, H. Waugh, Sgts. W. Phipps, A. Grandbois, and F/O. W. Hoddinott were taken Prisoners Of War.
BEAUDRY, E. J. E. R115650. Sgt. Beaudry’s given names are Elmer Joseph Emil and he was from Cut Knife, Saskatchewan not Cutknife.
BECKER, R.D.A. J94373. The aircraft crashed north-west of Killy Begs not Kitty Begs. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
BECKETT, G.A. R139887. Lancaster aircraft DV 269 (SR-M) was homeward bound when it was shot down and crashed at Langerwisch, Germany. FIL. A.L. Lazenby D.F.C. (RAF), Sgt.s C.D. Brown (RAF), and D.H. Stephens (RAF) were also killed. F/O.s J. McLure (RCAF), W. Craig (RAF), Sgt.s C. Linday (RAF), and A.A. Walton (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
BEGIN, J. H. P. R. R206887. Note LAC Begin’s given names are Joseph Henri Paul Rogers. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BEDARD, J. J. P. M. R96659. Sgt. Bedard’s given names are Joseph John Paul Marcel.
BEGIN, M.F.Y.C. W301555. Entry should read -SISTER to Joseph Henry Paul Rogers Begin. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BELKIN, P. J87039. Liberator aircraft BZ842 shot down by fighter aircraft during a night attack on Mingaladin airfield on the north side of Rangoon, Burma. Seven RAF members of the crew, S/L. L.P. Massey D.F.C. & bar, WO.s W.G. Blue, R.A. Powrie, J.L. Risdale, A. Simpson, FS. R.A. Lewis, and Sgt. J.E. Wadsworth were also killed.
BELL, A.P. R189575. The aircraft crashed at Dunmow, Essex, not Dumnon. S/L. G.O.S. Whitty D.F.C. (RAF), WO. J.G.J. Williams (RAF), FS. G.R. Douglas (RAF) and P/O. G.E. Ames (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard. Burlington, On.
BELL, RM. R79393. Reference to J.R.E. Clark is wrong. Wellington aircraft BJ 755 (AL-Z) crashed on take-off. Sgt. Bell was the only casualty, two RAF and one RCAF member of the crew were uninjured. Sgt. Bell was killed on March 5, 1943, not March 3, 1943.
BELL, J. J88407. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.T. Coulter, C.A. Mills, D. Dushman, F/O. M. Jenkins, FS. G.S. Davies, and P/O. W.P. Moroney were also killed.
BELL, R.M. J27371. The correct spelling is Bering, not Bearing. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BELL, T. J11041. The navigator, WO. S.J. Plater (RAF) was also killed.
BELL, W.A. J21808. Halifax aircraft # MZ 821 failed to return from a trip to Bottrop, Gennany. WO. J.J. Ollinger and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E.S. Beare, C. Toft,
D.L. Watson, FS. D. Vann, and P/O. R.P. Hampson were also killed.
BELLINGER., W.G. J13120. Halifax aircraft # DK 259 (IP-L) was shot down by a Gennan night fighter and crashed near Enschede, Holland. Sgt.s B.T.H. Scudder (RAF) and R.W. Stewart (USAAF) were also killed. P/O.s G.V. Hastings (RCAF), I.A. Lockhart (RCAF), and C.Y. Hovey (RCAF) were taken Prisoners Of War. 2nd Lt. J.T. Clary (USAAF) was an Evader.
BENNETT, D.W. R62744. Sgt. D.G. Wallis’ correct surname is Willis. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
BENT, E. F. J9264. P/O. Bent’s given names are Elroy Fenwick.
BENTINCK, G.H. R137457. The correct spelling is Galveston, not Galvestone. Also note these additions to the crew list. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J. Peers, A Porritt, J.E. Glanvill, H.H. Kendall, FIO. D.R. Smith, and FS. N. Woodward were also killed. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BERANEK, S. J. J7321. P/O. Beranek’s given names are Stanley Joseph.
BERGLAND, N. J87767. Lancaster aircraft ND 525 (KM-Q) lost on Ops to Schweinfurt, Gennany. Sgt. R. Openshaw (RAF) was also killed.
BERNHARDT, D.P. R183965. Target – Trappes, France. Sg AC. Connor (RAF) was also killed. These were the only casualties from this aircraft. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
BERNIER, J. S.E.M. J15774. P/O. Bernier’s given names are Joseph Stanislas Emile M.
BERRY, J. L. P. J90142. P/O. Berry’s given names are John La Pointe not John La Point.
BEST, H. F. S. J29515. F/O. Best’s given names are Harold Francis Sargent.
BETTRIDGE, O.A. R161867. Six RAF members of the crew, F/O.s J.F.H. Erwin, R.E. Chesser, N.P. Gardner, Sgt.s G.E. Oliver, F. Merritt, and L. Fannan were also killed. Detail from# 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
BIERS, R.L. J86395. Lancaster aircraft W 5010 (WS-L) was on operations to Leipzig when it crashed near Stendal, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F. Harman, D.B. Carlick, W.H. Shirley, S.L. Jones, FS.s D.P.J.D. Froud, and LT. Fairclough were also killed.
BIGGS, D. J21243. FS.s R.A. O’Kane (RNZAF), G.G. Barton (RNZAF), and seven RAF members of the crew, WO. H.A. Corns, S/L. G. Crawford D.F.C., A.F.C., Sgt.s K.V. Jones, R. Stoten, P/O. R.J. Martin, F/O.s H. Richardson, and J.G. Smith were also killed.
BIRD, S.D. R115874. Seven RAF members of the crew, Sgts E. Dangerfield, F.R. Fowler, N.W. Fyfe, R.T. Moore, R.K.B. Muir, C. Wilde, and WO. N. Nixon were also killed.
BIRKY, J. J. R145017. LAC. Birky’s date of death was Oct. 1/42.
BISHOP, M. W. R65139. M.W. Bishop was from New Minas, Kings County, Nova Scotia, not New Westminster. Detail provided by Arthur A Bishop AF.C., D.F.M., B.A. L.L.B., Calgary, Alberta.
BLACKMORE, L.J. 798552. Sgt. Blackmore’s given names are Lester John.
BLACKMORE, W.W. R131688. PS. Blackmore was not part of PS. J.A. Leighton’s crew. FS. Blackmore’s details follow: Target – Pennemunde, Germany. Halifax aircraft # DK 238 (NA-I) failed to return. Sgt. F.S. Williams (RAF) was also killed. Four Canadians, Sgs N. Oliver, W. Wood, FS.s J. Richard, R. Seaborn, and Sgt. G. Hodgson (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
BLAIR, R.G. R79379. Stirling aircraft W7526 (OJ-V) lost during a trip to Cologne, Germany. Sgts T.C. Pike (RNZAF), F.W. O’Sullivan (RNZAF), M.J. Howe (RAF), J. Denny (RAF), T.B. Bywaters (RAF), and FS. J.C. Brocket (RNZAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
BLAIS, J. L. A. J89105. P/O. Blais’ given names are Joseph Laurent Andre.
BLAKE, P.J. W. J165296. FS. Blake’s given names are Peter James Widdell.
BLAKE, R.B. R9529. Target – Stuttgart, Germany. Stirling aircraft # BF 462 (WP-P) was shot down by enemy night fighter aircraft and crashed 15 miles south-west of Chalons-sur-Mame, France. One RAF member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War.
BLIGH, O.W. 42186. The aircraft crashed near Abingdon, not Abington. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
BLOOMER., G.T. R81457. PS. Bloomer was assigned to # 14 Operational Training Unit, not # 14 Group.
BLUNT, W. L. R189116. Sgt. Blunt’s given names are Walter Leonard.
BOARDMAN, L. R89500. Correct-spelling of St. Catharines, not St. Catherines. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BOEHMER., A E. C. C87869. P/O. Boehmer’s given names are Albert Edward Charles.
BOISVERT, J.L.R. R69737. FS. Boisvert’s given name was Joseph not Joseph L.R.A.
BOLINGBROKE, E. J. L. R90953. WO. Bolingbroke’s given names are Ernest Joseph Leonard.
BOMBY, J. R166028. Lancaster aircraft NX 584 (JO-V) was lost during a trip to Lutzkendorf: Germany. F/O.s R.A. Adrian, T.H. Baulderstone (RAAF), Sgt.s 8. Blythe (RAF), W.S. Philip (RAF), and FS. J. W. Hill (RAAF) were also killed.
BONNEVILLE, J.R. J25732. Lancaster aircraft # LL 720 (EQ-R) was shot down in the sea during a night trip to Leipzig, Germany. F/L. E.S. Winn, F/O. J.R. Leaman, P/O.s R.H. Wade, E. Dramnitzke, TS. N.H.H. Brown (USAAF), and Sgt. E.W. Bolt (RAF) were also killed.
BOOTH, D.G. R172874. Stirling aircraft # EE 877 (OJ-E) crashed NW of Koln, Germany during night Ops. to Numberg, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, FS. G.S. Steer, Sgt.s G. V. Cook, V.A. Deacock, P.H. Johnson, H.R. Richardson, and W.C. Havercroft were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
BOOTH, G.V. C. R67602. Sgt. Booth’s given names are George Vincent Cyril.
BOOTH, G. J21469. F/O. Booth’s given name was Gordon not Gordon B.
BOROSKI, F. R67510. Blenheim aircraft V 6239 failed to return from a sortie to Kiel, Germany. Sgt.s L.A. Slade (RAF), and A. Ball (RAF) were also killed.
BOTTEN, E.D.R. R82091. WO. Botten’s given names are Eric Douglas Ralph.
BOUCHER, G. J. J8781S. P/O. Boucher’s given names are Gerald Joseph.
BOULTON, D.G. R118906. Correct spelling is Beamsville, not Beansville. LAC. Boulton’s given names are David Graham Smith. Died Nov.2/44 age 22. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BOURGEAU, J. R. F. R78601. FS. Bourgeau’s given names are Joseph Raymond Frederick.
BOWDEN, J.B. J11959. Three RAF members of the crew, FS.s A.E.G. Nunn, R.A. Moore, and WO. H.E. Curtis were also killed.
BOWERING, J.E.R. J88199. Lancaster aircraft squadron letters were PG-C. P/O. M.A.H. Davis (RAF) was also killed, three RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners of War and one RAAF member of the crew was a successful Evader.
BOWN, G.M. 339844. Correct spelling is Le Petit Lac, not Le Pettit Lac. Sgt. Bown’s given names are Gerald Macness. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
BOYCE, E.B. J94382. FS. G.R. Conley (RAF) was also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
BRACKENBURY, S.B.K. J4917. F/L. Brackenbury was from Aylmer, not Alyma. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BRADBURY, J.L. J2501. The correct serial number is J250, not J2501. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BRADLEY, J.R. J10044. Sgt. H. Johnston (RAF) and FS. G.E. Snook (RAF) were also killed. Two RAAF and two RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
BRADLY, A. T. R54033. Sgt.s S. Burgess (RAF), G.O. Williams (RAF), C.A. Guan (RAAF), and W. Bourke (RAAF) were also killed.
BRADSHAW, A.J. R175313. Four RAF crew members Sgt.s L.R. Adams, J. Nicoll, L.H. Wyness, F/O.s W.K. James, J.B. Marshall, and FS. E. Wilkins (RAAF) were also killed.
BRANDER, H.D. J1447. Stirling aircraft N 3664 (MG-Z) missing during a night attack on Hamburg, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt. T.G. Young, FS.s C.W.D. Brown, J.R. Dale, A.G. Reading, D.F. Poole D.F.M., and F/O. V.R. Hartwright D.F.M. were also killed.
BRASS, J.G. J10499. The navigator, F/O. D.A. Field (RAF) was also killed.
BRECKELS, G.S. R212772. S/L. J.P. Gilliard D.F.C. (RAF), F/O. N.S. McEwen (RAF), and FS. W.C. Moss (RAF) were also killed.
BREIVIS, J. R132533. FS. E.G. Burton (RAF), Sgt.s G.A. Swan (RAAF), J.D. Osbaldeston (RAF), K. Newbury (RAAP), and E.C. Ibbotson (RAF) were also killed.
BRENNAN, E.M. R66124. Correct spelling is St. Catharines, not St Catherines and it was the M.V. Vancouver not the MV. Vanvouver. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BRENNAN, C. 942037. Target – the Moehne Dam, Germany. Lancaster aircraft # ED 925 (AJ-M) was hit by flak on the approach to the dam and caught fire. The bomb was dropped in an attempt to gain height but the aircraft crashed into a mountain. F/O. K. Earnshaw, Sgt. J.W. Minchin (RAF), P/O. G. Gregory DFM (RAF), and F/L. J. Hopgood DFC & Bar (RAF) were also killed. P/O. A. Burcher D.F.M. (RAAF) bailed out at near zero feet altitude and was taken Prisoner Of War. One Canadian, P/O. J.W. Fraser, opened his parachute inside the aircraft, was pulled out and was also taken P.O.W. For more information see two books, ENEMY COAST AHEAD by W/C. Guy Gibson V.C., and THE DAMBUSTER RAID by Paul Brickhill.
BRETT, R.A. J88104. Correct spelling is St. Catharines, not St. Catherines. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BREWER, T.J. J93177. See page 72 Lancaster aircraft # JA 921 (GT-Q) crashed SE of Utrecht, Holland during night operations against Leipzig, Germany. WO. R. Stanners (RAF), Sgt.s R. Prankett (RAF), E. Hopcraft (RAF), A.C.G. Merces (RAF), H. W. Hughes (RAF), were also killed. F/O. J.S. Kingston (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War, Prisoner No. 2068.
BRIGGS, F.E.R. C199. Correct spelling is Development, not Developement. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
BRIGGS-JUDE, R.W. R89802. Correct spelling is St. Catharines, not St Catherines. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BRIMBERRY, P.R. R98287. Correct spelling is Cap de la Madeleine, not Cad de la Madeleine. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BROCKWAY, G.W. J95535. The Lancaster was shot down by a night fighter and crashed 12 miles north of the target. FS. S. Evans (RAF), Sgt .. R. E. Greenfield (RAF), F/L. A Dickinson (RAF), P/O. K. D. Matheson (RNZAF), FS. D. S. Heys (RAF), and FS. T. J. Hirst (RAF) were also killed.
BRODRIBB, AF. R65658. The attack was at Mildenhall not Milden Hall. Correction by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BROMLEY, R.A. J11565. Correct spelling of St. Catharines, not St. Catherines. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BRONDGEEST, L.J. R130553. BALDWIN, J.M. J24527. Add Sgt. W.L. York (RAF) to the crew list.
BROUGHTON, D.O. R110293. Wellington aircraft # HE 913 (AL-L) lost over enemy-held territory during an attack against Duisburg, Germany. FS. A.F. Halsted (RAF), Sgt. C. Taylot (RAF), F/O.s P.J. Dunger (RAF), and S.A. Willoughby (RAF) were also killed.
BROWN, C.M. J20377. Four RAF members of the crew, P/O.s G. Smith, T. Watson, Sgt.s B.F. Tutt, D.H.W. Little, and FS. R.W. Sinden (RAAF) were also killed.
BROWN, H.L. R125229. Lancaster aircraft # ED 535 failed to return from an attack against Wilhelmshaven, Germany. F/O. W.K. Komaiko, and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R. Bailey, R. King, G. Mcloughlin, J. Turner, and F/L. J. Michie were also killed.
BROWN, J.A. J9127. Correct spelling is Ossington, not Osington. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BROWN, R.H. J27207. Correct spelling is Lansing, not Lancing. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BROWN, W. R111993. The other crew members killed were all RAF, F/O. J. Cookson, Sgt.s J.L. Edwards, J. Jones, J.D. Minton, C. Newman, and L.A. Wright.
BROWN, W.W. J20649. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt. W. Bradley, FS.s F. Pearson, J.B. Smith, F/O.s F. Sayles D.F.M., and R.D. MacDuff (RNZAF) were also killed.
BRUCE, G.R. 67580. P/O. Bruce was not killed in action he was killed during a non-operational flight. Detail provided by L. Coleman. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
BRUTON, C.G. J22495. Correct spelling is Orono, not Oronos. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BRYSON, D. 576930. Cpl. Bryson was not killed in action he was killed during a non-operational flight. Corporal Bryson is buried in the Aberystwyth Cemetery, Cardiganshire, Wales. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
BUCHANAN, G.H.P. R62170. Whitley aircraft # Z 6754 crashed in Holland during night Ops. to Koln, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, FS. A. Brown, Sgt.s AJ. Millard-Tucker, J.C. Beardmore, and J.H. Malet-Warden were also killed.
BUDD, P.C. J6158. FS. H.F. Jordan (RAF), Sgt.s J.O. Burnley (RAF), and G. Baker (RAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
BUICK, J.A. R87708. Three members of the crew Sgt.s S.V. Ramsay, W.D. Dorey, G.D. Hester, and FS. R.F. Cripps (RAAF) were also killed. WO. Buick enlisted in Vancouver, British Columbia on January 9, 1941, posted to No. 2 Manning Depot, Brandon and No. 10 S.F.T.S., Dauphin, Manitoba, No.2 1.T.S., No.3 A.O.S., Regina, then to No. 2 B&G., Mossbank, Saskatchewan. Graduated from No.1 C.N.S., Rivers, Manitoba on November 11, 1941 and arrived overseas on December 26, 1941. Posted to No. 25 O.T.U. on March 16, 1942, No. 97 Squadron on June 7, 1942 and finally to No. 12 Squadron on July 22, 1942. Detail provided by l.M. Proven, Onanole, Manitoba.
BULANDA, J.P. J17591. Correct spelling of St. Catharines, not St. Catherines. Detail provided by AE. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BULLOCH, E.K. R162158. Lancaster aircraft # LL 789 (PO-P) missing during an attack against Stuttgart, Germany. Sgt. T. Ballantyne (RAF), FS.s P. Callow (RAAF), G.T. Kirby
(RAAF), and R.G. Symonds (RAAF) were also killed. One RAAF member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War.
BULLOCK, V.C. J91169. Six RAF members of the crew, F/O. L.G. Mead, S/L. W.E. Dean, FS.s R. Harland, J. Macfarlane, Sgt.s G.W. Brown, and H.R. Willicombe were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
BURCHELL, O.H. R67110. Target – Emden, Germany. RAF crew members, Sgt.s H.J. Groom, R.A. Priestley, F.G.W. Roberts, and E.A. Spicer were also killed.
BURK, L.A. 1732. Sgt Burk’s given names are Leslie Alexander, not Leslie Aexander. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BURKE, C.W.G. R95765. WO. Burke’s given names are Cuthbert Worcester Graham.
BURKE, L.J. R72504. Titsey Hill is in Surrey, not Kent. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BURKE, D.W. J86415. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A.J. N. Jamieson, R. A. Eastman, W. Haden, M. M. Stilliard, W. Crory, and F/O. F. W. Woods. were also killed.
BURKITT, I.J R81477. Correct spelling is failed, not faileed. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
BURNE P.H. J88797. Correct spelling of St. Catharines, not St. Catherines. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BURPEE, L.J J17115. The four RAF crew members who were also killed were, Sgt.s G. Pegler, T. Jaye, W. Long, and P/O. L. Weller.
BURNS, W.H. R65045. FS. Burns was not assigned to 405 Squadron, he was flying with 58 Squadron at the time of his death. Whitley aircraft Z 9155 (GE-G) was returning from a night attack against Nirnberg, Germany when it ran out of fuel and crashed one and one half miles south of the airfield at Pocklington. Sgt.s H.E. Donson, C.G. Lord (RAAF), J.G. Rich (RAAF), and H.C. Lee (RAF) were also killed.
BURRILL, R.J. J18208. Correct spelling is Burgessville, not Burgesville. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BURT, N.B. J13028. The aircraft crashed south-west of Athesistansford, Scotland, not Atheststansford, Wales. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
BURTIS, M.E. R65505. Wellington aircraft # T 2973 (WS-G) was shot down at Neuss on the Rhine, Germany during night ops. to Munster, Gennany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s D.R. Rawlings, G.D. Pitt, H. T. Barrett, F. Gilby, and J.A. Grady (RNZAF) were also killed.
BURTON, T.G. J38111. Dakota aircraft # FD 915 lost whilst dropping supplies to the British 14th Army. F/O. W.A. Eden, P/O.s W.D. Coulson, R.H. Holtan, and S.M. Duncan were also killed.
BUSTIN, J. W.A. J6968. Correct spelling is St. Nicholas Churchyard, not St. Nocholas. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
BUZZA, J.A. R197961. Five RAF members of the crew, FS.s C. Alexander, K, Woodhart, A.G. King, Sgt. T. Reynolds, and F/O. P. Ireland were also killed.
BYE, G.A. R69632. Blenheim aircraft R 2791 failed to return from an anti-shipping operation. Two RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.G. Thomeycroft and S.B. Bransby were also killed.
BYERS, V.W. J17474. Lancaster aircraft # ED 934 (AJ-K) was shot down near Harlingen during the Dambuster raid on the Sorpe Dam, Germany. FS. J. McDowell and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A. Taylor, T. Wilkinson, C. Jarvie, F/O. J. Warner, and P/O. A. Whitaker were also killed.
BYRD, H.C. J89351. Text should read F/O. Byrd was killed, not F/O. Byred was killed. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
CAIRNS, J.W. J43529. Five RAF airmen in the Halifax, Sgt.s P. Richman, G. Dinsdale, J. Forbes, P/O.s K. Millard, and AG. Hemmings were also killed.
CALDER, J.P.S. J4695. On October 20th, 1996 a Memorial Plaque, in memory of all 11571 Squadron personnel who died on active service, was unveiled. The plaque is located at All Saints Chursh, Longstanton, Cambridgeshire. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
CALVERLEY, W.J. J21134. FS.s S.G. Kench (RAF), B.J. Tuhey (RAF), Sgt. G.B. Fitzgerald (RAF), WW. S.A. Foldbigg (RAAF), and F/O. W.A MacLennan (RAAF) were also killed.
CAMPBELL, F.F. R64347. Correct spelling is St. Catharines, not St. Catherines. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
CAMPBELL, H.D.R.L. 87059. Correction to the crew list. Sgt. J.M. Harrison, P/Os. L.A. Stinson and A.E. Horne (RAAF) were also killed. F/O. A. Thompson (RCAF), P/O. M. Hammill (RAF), and Sgt. A. Ross (RAF) were was taken Prisoners Of War.
CAPEL D.J. 759110. Wellington aircraft R1474 was on ops to Bremen, Germany when it was attacked by a fighter aircraft. On return the aircraft crashed at Mildenhall, England. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s H. Chapman, E.R. Cooke, W.J. Greaves, E.A. Lown, and R. Warren were also killed. Sgt. Capel had been wounded in October, 1940. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Loven.
CARLETON, R.H. J23360. The aircraft crashed 3 miles north of Westerburg, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew who were also killed were, Sgt.s E. Martin., E. Bake, T. C. McFadden, and FS. A L. Wangler.
CARLYLE, W.B. J9143. Correct spelling is Coningsby, not Conningsby. P/O. Carlyle was age 27 at time of his death, not 23. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CARON, A.L. R116332. Four RAF members of the crew, S/L. H.W. Barnard, Sgt. K.A Bouffiler, FS. A.B. Brooks D.F.M., F/O. O.D. Thomas, and Sgt. W.J. Hoban (RAAF) were also killed.
CARPENTER, E.C. J4918. F/L. Carpenter was a pilot of Mosquito aircraft ML998. The reference to S/L. R.A. Palmer is an error and is to be ignored. Detail provided by A Radcliffe, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
CARSON, L.G. R109991. Six RAF members of the crew, F/L. D.A. Spark D.F.C., Sgt.s W.H. Lyssington D.F.M, G. Bone, P/O.s J.E. Alves, R. Latham M.i.D., and H.J. Watkins D.F.C. were also killed.
CARSON, L.B. J8442. See page 108. F/O. B.V. Crawford (RNZAF) was not part of this crew.
CARTER, R.G. J15862. Lancaster aircraft # LM 342 failed to return from night operations, an attack against Peenemunde. Seven RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s AC. Brand, F. Grey, V. Smith, P/O. D. Fielden, FS. F.B. Garrett, F/L. M.H. Parry, and S/L. AS. Raphael D.F.C. were also killed.
CARY, E.S. J89984. Six RAF members of the crew, F/O. D.A. Adams, Sgt.s J.E. Cuthbert, L.H. Mercer, J.A. Prior, J.W. Robinson, and T. Kilcoyne were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
CAUCHY, L.A.M. R55408. Wellington aircraft Z 1610 (JN-K) lost during Ops to Bremen, Germany. Sgt. G.D. Gane (RAF) not Sgt. G.D. Gay (RAF) was also killed.
CHALLENGER, C.J. J18123. “Target – Bochum, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew FS.s K.B. Dowding, T.M. Burgess, J.L. Hyam, G.A. Ayres, and S.E. Tuck were also killed. One of the crew, not Canadian, taken Prisoner Of War.
CHALMERS, F.L. J23463. Lancaster aircraft # R 5739 (LS-K) crashed near Jena about forty miles south of the target Leipzig, Germany. P/O. M. Hurley (RAAF), Germany. P/O. M. Hurley (RAAF). FS.s C.S. Benson (RNZAF), A.M. Woodford (RAAF), G. McMaster (RAAF). Sgt. H.F. Moroni (RAF), F/O.s J. Fenley (RAF), and F.L. Chalmers were all killed. Sgt. D. Frame (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War. There were two pilots on board this flight.
CHAMBERLIN, J.G. R144134. Liberator aircraft # EV 895 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol off Iceland. F/O. J.C. Mciver, WO. H.A. Stephen and seven RAF members of the crew, F/L. W.G. Payne, Sgt. J. Bassett, FS.s G.H. Cockburn, A. Palmer, K.J. Spackman, L.A. Windress, and WO. R.A. Scott were also killed.
CHAPLIN, R. R60394. Sgt.s W.R. Kinder, R.B. Laroche, A. White, S. White, R.E. Burgum, FS. J.H.P. O’Neill were all RAF and were also killed.
CHAPMAN, K.L. J26001. F/O. K.L. Chapman and F/O. W.M. Chapman were brothers. Detail provided by Mr. & Mrs. W. Chapman, Meaford, On.
CHAPMAN, W.M. J38421. F/O. K.L. Chapman and F/O. W.M. Chapman were brothers. Detail provided by Mr. & Mrs. W. Chapman, Meaford, On.
CHARRON, A.E. R54061. The correct spelling is Valetta, not Vadletta. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CHEVERS, W.J. R66045. Sgt.s C.C. Ostenfeld (RAAF), G.M. Scott (RAF), C.G. Christy (RAF), and G.S. Perry (RAF) were also killed. This was a cross-country training exercise and there were three pilots on board.
CHIASSON, J.C. R65313. Lancaster aircraft R 5632 (EM-N) failed to return from operations against Duisburg, Germany. FS. s T.C. Blair, W.G. Hawes (RAAF), Sgt.s P.J. Hooper (RNZAF), H.F. Clarke (RAF), E. Cartwright (RAF), and W.R. Smith (RAF) were was also killed.
CHOMA, C.R. R195428. The third member of the crew killed was Sgt. J. Quinn (RAF). Halifax aircraft EB191 crashed near the power plant at Harrogate. The other members of the crew bailed out successfully and were uninjured. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
CHRISTIE, J. J28782. The aircraft crashed between Haughton Chapel and Bevercotes, not Houghton Chapel and Bevercotes. Detail provided by M.J. Brown, Surrey, BC
CHRISTIE, R.G. J18884. #1. Lancaster ED 868 (OF-A) aircraft went down. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J. Brett, J. Mallaber, T.G.G. Pugh, FS. H.G. Mitchell, P/O.s L. Stevenson, and J.D. Bradford D.F.C. were also killed.
CHRISTMAN, L.S. J3601. Hampden aircraft AD 986 lost during night bombing operations to Dortmund, Germany. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgts. A.E. Brownbill, S. Lindley, and S.C. Morse were also killed.
CHUTE, G.E. J89451. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s C. Bailey, R.W. Beresford, W.P. Larvin, R. Millns, and P/O. H.S. Hodgson were also killed.
CLARK, H.A. J88631. Lancaster aircraft DS 852 was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft during a night operation to Nuremberg, Germany. Four Canadians, FS. R.G. Douglas, Sgt. H. E. Sjoquist, F/O. E.G. Way, F/O. D. T. Stewart, and Sg H. J. V. Vincent (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War, P/O. S. H. Cullen was also killed.
CLARK, H.B. R69860. Sgt.s J. Taylor (RAF) and D.C. Bass (RAF) were also killed.
CLARK, I.J. R130288. Target – Berlin, Germany. Whitley aircraft Z 6744 was shot down at Docberitz, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J. Taylor, J.P. Wood, D.C. Bass, and FS. L.S. Younger were also killed.
CLARK, J.R.E. R50428. There was no Judson Robert Ernest, Clark. The correct name is Robert Ernest Clark. Sgt. E.M. Bell was not a member of this crew.
CLARKE, B. W. J14870. The offensive sweep was over the Dalmatian Coast, not the Dalmation Coast. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CLARKE, R.W. J12318. Correct location was Cabourg-Tisieux. not Cabouty-Tisieux. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CLARKE, T.H. R54784. Lancaster aircraft # R 5636 did not return from a Gardening (mine laying) operation. Sgt.s D.N. O’Day (RAF), D.J. Monk (RAF), H.M. Spence (RAAF), J.W. Melhuish (RAF), F/O. W.K. Williams (RAAF), and P/O. P.S. MacKay were also killed.
CLARKSON, R.L. J90061. The aircraft crashed on a railway line 4 miles north of Frankfurt, Germany. Four Canadian members of the crew F/O. J. T. Smith, WO. V. C. MacDonald, FS. G. G. Maguire, and Sgt. J. J. Barr were taken Prisoners Of War.
CLASPER, J.P. R159971. P/O. R.W. Crane (RAAF) and four RAF members of the crew, FS.s G.W. Stopford, F.N. Johnson, Sgt.s D.W. Evans, and P. Wilding were also killed.
CLAYDON, D.A. J16564. F/O. S.E. James (RAAF) and and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F. Mosley, D.F. Bache, P/O. W.G. Shields, F/O.s W.H. Davies, and FS. H. Graham were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
CLIFFORD, L. B. J21295. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft JD 405 was lost during a trip to Dumbach, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L.T. Johnson, R.J. Partridge, G. Leedham, and H. Basnett were also killed. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
CLINE, G. A. R106223. The other member of this crew was FS. J.M Ryan (RNZAF). All the crew perished. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, N.S.
CLOUTIER, J.D.L. J22692. Correct spelling is Egham, Surrey, not Egahm, Surrey. Also note that Halifax aircraft JN 910 failed to return from a supply and agent dropping operation. Sgt. K.C. Windsor was also killed. Five of the crew, not Canadians, missing believed killed. One crew member, not Canadian, was taken Prisoner Of War. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CLUFF, J.M. R62262. Hudson aircraft AM 728 was probably shot down by German Coastal batteries during a night anti-shipping strike in the North Sea off Holland. FS. D. Moss D.F.M., Sgt.s M.H. McDonald (RAF), and S.C. Herbert (RAF) were also killed.
COATES, G.K. J3272. Wellington aircraft R 1040 was shot down at Venlo, Holland during a night attack over Koln, Germany. P/O. D.J. Jamieson (RNZAF), Sgt.s W.G. Jesson (RNZAF), N.W. Harding (RAF), C.G. Blandon (RAF), and J.S. Burnside (RAF) were also killed.
COCKSHOTT, R.J. 1163110. Stirling aircraft BF483 failed to return from operations over Cologne, Germany. Sgt.s R.K. Scott (RAF), R.A. Cooper (RAF), J. Douglas (RAF), F/O. R.J. Peattie, (RNZAF), FS.s A.B. Parton (RNZAF) and T.R.A. Tomoana (RNZAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
COFFEY, H.M. R201593. FS. A.G. Drake (RAF) and Sgt. G. W. Jeffery (RAF) were also killed, F/O. J. Langlands (RAF), Sgt. N. Gorin (RAF), F/O. R.M. Guthrie (RAF), and P/O. H. 8. Bryans (RAF), were taken Prisoners Of War.
COHEN, C.B. J17619. The swep was near Argentan not Argenta and the aircraft went into the sea off Selsey Bill not Selsey Hill. Correction provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
COLDWELL, G.W. J6799. Stirling aircraft R 9310 (OJ-P) was engaged in a mine-laying Op. when it was shot down by flak and crashed in the sea near Kalundborg, Denmark. Six RAF members of the crew, P/O.s AJ. Frost, R.P. Gent, Sgt.s J. Currie, J.H. Baillie, W. Collins, and A.H. Smith were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Loven.
COLES, G.H. J16476. Lancaster aircraft JA 898 (KC-X) was shot down thirteen miles north of Munster, Germany, at Laddergen, Germany during secret night operations. WO. L. Mieyette and five RAF members of the crew, F/L. H. Wilson, P/O. T. Johnson, F/O. J. Rodger, FS. T. Payne, and SgC. Knox were also killed.
COLLINS, M.R. R74592. Wellington aircraft # R 1614 (BU-H) failed to return from night bombing ops. to Bremen, Germany. operations. Five RAF members of the crew, P/O. V.K. Brown, Sgt.s J. Taylor, R.D. Hull, J.S. Else, and FS. W.G. Lewis were also killed.
COMRJE, W. P. R95452. WO Comrie enlisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba on 11 March, 1941. Awarded Pilot’s Flying Badge on 19 December, 1941. Awarded RCAF Operational Wings “in recognition of gallant service in action against the enemy”. Detail provided by L. Allsion, Roland, Manitoba.
CONNOR. J.G. J22199. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s G.F. Austin, E.C. Kent, D. McClean, C.S. Nelson, FS. AF. Simpson, and Sgt. J.E. Nixon (RAAF) were also killed.
CONRY, E.J. R56147. Whitley aircraft Z 6671 failed to return from night bombing operations to Bremen, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew Sgt.s W.R. Bradford, R.O. Rintoul, D.W. Griffiths, and FS. W. Kelly were also killed.
COOK, G.F. J15315. Aircraft number was AM 614.
COOK, H.J. J3603. Hampden aircraft AE 152 (KM-R) failed to return from night bombing operations to Berlin, Germany. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W. McBeth, E. Dyer D.F.M., and P/O. E.A. Thompson were also killed. The correct spelling is Shawinigan Falls, not Shawinigin Falls. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
COOKSON, W.R. R269387. Correct spelling of St. Catharines, not St. Catherines. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
COOPER. G.E R161858. WO. F.T. Mabee, F/O. G. Korski, Sgt.s W.R. Wiseman (RAF), D.H. Skinner (RNZAF), J. Dunkley (RAF), A Cameron (RAF), F/O.s D.F. MacDonald (RAF), and R.H. Morgan (RAAF) killed when Liberator aircraft # FL 911 went down west of Puttalarn. Ceylon.
COOPER. H.T.M. R80234. Wellington aircraft # X 3709 (SR-J) lost during a mine-laying operation off the French coast. Five RAF members of the crew, P/O. N.E. Myring, Sgt.s J.S. Weaver, LH. Roberts, J.H. Dixon, and Sgt. C.W. Valder were also killed.
COOPER, J.R. R72104. Wellington aircraft X 3674 (JN-H) lost during ops to Essen, Germany. FS. T. Kay (RNZAF), Sgt.s H.R. Camfield (RAF), and G.F. Bonner (RAF) were also killed.
COPELAND, T.W.J R129552. Target – Cologne, Germany. Lancaster aircraft ED 363 (PO-E) crashed in Roermond, Holland. FS. R.I. Gates (RAAF), Sgt.s G.R.C. Cayless (RAF), J.G. Hole (RAF), and H.H. Mooney (RAF) were also killed. Two RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E. Pike and D. Dolby were taken Prisoners Of War.
CORBALLY, J.C. J19835. Halifax aircraft LV 923 was in a mid-air collision with a #622 Squadron Lancaster aircraft # ND 767 during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. S/L. G. Laird DFM, P/O.s L.H. Smith, F/O. W.E. Soeder, FS. A.J. Stainton, and FS. W.P. Clapham (RAF) were also killed. One Canadian, F/O. J. Moffatt, was an Evader and P/O. J. Morrison DFC (RAF) died of his injuries about thee weeks later.
COREY, D.E. 19325. Guarding was misspelled. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CORNISH, O.M. J10884. Target – Dortmund, Germany. Lancaster aircraft N 5629 (OL-J) crashed in the target area during night operations, enemy action. Seven RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F. Johnson, D.H. Rock, J.R. Leigh, T. Griffith, F.J. Cleasby, P.R. Smith, and W/C. J.R. Gillman were also killed.
CORNWALL, J.R. J13599. Shortly after midnight on April 29, FS. Fergusson left Chivenor on a patrol. Two hours later a message was received from the aircraft that it was returning to base due to engine trouble. Contact was maintained for over an hour until the Wellington was off Hartland Point on its way home; then it did not reply to calls. A few minutes later an aircraft was seen to crash into Marte Bay just off Woolacombe. Rescue craft went out immediately and recovered the body of F/O. A.A.S. Flemington, the navigator. Some days later the body of Sgt. S. C. Summers was also found. FS. J.D. Fergusson, F/O. Cornwall, FIL. G. Low and P/O. J.P. Wheeler were also killed.
COTNAM, H.C. R77479. Harold Cotnam and Royden Cotnam were cousins, not brothers. Detail provided by E. Cotnam Sexsmith, Pembroke, ON.
COTNAM, R.L. J26636. Harold Cotnam and Royden Cotnam were cousins, not brothers. Detail provided by E. Cotnam Sexsmith, Pembroke, ON.
COTTAM, AP. R93558. Target – the Eder dam, Germany. Lancaster aircraft ED 937 (AJ-Z) was shot down at Dusseldorf, Germany during the Dambuster Raid. F/O. R.A. Urquahart and five RAF members of the crew, S/L. H. Maudslay DFC, Sgt.s J. Marriott, N. Burrows, P/O. M. Fuller, and F/O. W. Tytherleigh were also killed.
COTTON, E.J. R88868. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A. Aitken, E.J. Cotton, J.H. Mastin, D.J. Smith, and P/O. A.B.P. Wilson were also killed.
COULSON, W.P. J95264. Dakota aircraft FD 915 lost whilst dropping supplies to the British 14th Army. F/O. W.A. Eden, P/O.s T.G. Burton, R.H. Holtan, and S.M. Duncan were also killed.
COURTNEY, J.B. J16713. Target – Essen, Germany. Stirling aircraft R 9271 (WP-Q). P/O. W.A Fowlie (RAF) and Sgt. AM. Mollison (RAF) were also killed. Four of the crew, not Canadians, taken Prisoners Of War.
COUTTS, B.A. J35810. This was an anti-shipping strike off Dunkirk and not an anti-sub patrol as previously stated.
COWAN, R.J.A R9534S. Sgt.s R.A. Banks-Martin (R.N.Z.A.F.), J.E.L. Griffiths (RAF), C.J. Osborne .(RAF), H.A. Smith (RAF), end FS. P.A.J. Rudkin were also killed.
COWLEY, R.H. R143634. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R.E. Tomlin, E.A. Ancell, W.H. Shaw, F/O. J.W. Bewick, and FS. J. Travis were also killed.
COWLEY, S H R109687. D.R. Gilchrist (RAAF), F.H. Huntley (RAF), R.A. Law (RAF), and FS. L.E. Bell (RNZAF) were also killed.
COWPERTHWAITE, L. J3726. FS. N.F. Jordan (RAF) was not a member of this crew. The fourth member of the crew killed was FS. N.J. Jones (RAF).
COYSH, D.W. 41671. P/O. Coysh is buried in the Torquay Cemetery, Devon, England.
CRAFTS, R.H. 18074A. Wellington aircraft Rl343 (OJ-B) crashed in the target area, Brest, France. Sgt.s C.C. Reidmuller (RAF), W.M. Symmons (RAAF), W.J. Megran (RAF), FS. AR.J. Harrison (RAF), and P/O. S.L. St. Vincent-Welch (RAAF) were also killed.
CRAIK, M.C. R10957. Lancaster aircraft EE 135 (PO-Y) was shot down near Mannheim, Germany during a night trip to Essen, Gennany. FS.s H.A. Green, 0. Lumsden (RAAF), Sgt.s T.T. Francis (RAF), J. Harrison (RAF), C. Weddell (RAF), and P/O. A. Long (RAAF) were also killed.
CRAMM, R.H. 798741. Sgt. Cramm was a navigator not an air gunner. Please see Labiuk, G. for crew list and flight detail. Detail provided by Mrs. R. Cramm, Hamilton, Ontario.
CRANE, W.M. R7967S. Hudson aircraft AM 614 was carrying 1,000 lbs. of bombs when it was shot down by German ME-110 fighter aircraft during a night attack against a German Convoy north of the Terschelling Islands. P/O.s G.F. Cook, AR. Farley, and WO. J.W. Daubner were also killed.
CRAWLEY, D. R183604. Halifax bomber LW427 took off from Tholthorpe airdrome in a #6 Group raid to Schwcinfurt, Germany on Feb. 24/44. As they flew over Germany they were shot down by an enemy fighter at 11P.M. and crashed with a full bomb load near the village of Ostelheirn, west of Stuttgart. F/O. H.M. Long, P/O. M.A. Knight, FS. D.B. Richardson, Sgt.s H.E. Hirst, and W.H. Botterill (RAF) were also killed. The seventh member of the crew was Tech. Sgt. R.J. Gile s/n 10601564//R157466. T/Sgt. Gile had enlisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba with his brother who both had dual citizenship with the U.S.A After he joined #420 Squadron, Gile was transferred to the U.S.A.A.F. but continued to fly with his Canadian crew to finish their tour. Please see H.M. Long for grave side service detail. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
CREEDEN, J. W. J15353. Correct spelling and locations are: Coningsby, not Conningsby and both Donna Nook and Woodhall Spa are in Lincolnshire, not Norfolk. Detail provided by AE. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CRICHTON, C.E. 61989. Whitley aircraft Z6479 failed to return from operations. Sgt.s T.J. Baston (RAF), J.L.Evans (RAF), and FS. D.J. Jefferis (RAF) were also killed.
CROFT, W.B. R83002. WO. Croft was from Maidstone, Ontario, not Maidstone, Saskatchewan. Detail provided by E. Courneya, Hamilton, On.
CROMPTON, G.A. 1057218. Sgt. Crompton is buried in the Holy Trinity Churchyard, Ashton-in-Makertield, Lancashire, England. He was 19 at the time of his death, not 21. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CROWE, H.R. J15857. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A.C. Davis, J.C. Pengally, P.I. Leeman, and S.W. Dane were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Loven.
CULLEN, S.H. J86606. Lancaster aircraft DS 852 was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft during a night operation to Nuremberg, Germany. Four Canadians, FS. R.G. Douglas, Sgt. H. E. Sjoquist, F/O. E. G. Way, F/O. D. T. Stewart, and Sgt. H. J. V. Vincent (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War, P/O. H.A. Clark was also killed.
CULSHAW, T. J36932. Five RAF members of the crew, F/L. R.M. Aldus, Sgt.s V. Sheppard, J. Marks, H. Jefferies, and F/O. R.E. Blake were was also killed.
CUMING, L.W. J87849. FS. A.P. Brander (RAAF) was also killed.
CUMMING, J.W. R128687. Correct spelling of the airfield is Lakenheath, not Lakenhath. Seven RAF aim1en on board, Sgt.s R.W. Poole, G.H. Riley, A.M. Stirling, S.L. Noakes, G. Jones, J. Dabbs, and AC2 R.W. Cooper were also killed. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CURRIE, A.A. J10804. LAC Seeds was a member of the R.C.A.F., not the R.A.F.
CURRIE, E.C. R124726. The crew of Liberator aircraft # BZ 885 took off on an anti-sub patrol when the aircraft dived into the ground, shortly after take-off, at Sigeriya, Ceylon. WO.s A.E. Ferguson, G.M. Stockwell, W.C. Love, R.W. MacDonald, F/O. K.F. Perera, F/O. D.G. Davie (RAF). and FS. D. Kirk (RAF) were all killed in the crash. The aircraft caught fire and the depth charges exploded.
CURRIE, W.M. J22532. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s T.G. Rail, S.J. Gray, and F/O. D.J. Rose were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
CURTIS, J.E. R131242. Correct spelling of the Cemetery is Aberystwyth, not Aberystwth. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
CUTHBERTSON, H. R257639. Correct spelling of the home town is Noranda, not Norando. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DACK, P.R.A. J89882. Halifax aircraft LL 179 was shot down then crashed and blew up at Muckendorf; Germany during night operations against Berlin, Germany. Sgt. J.A. McKenna, FS. G. Mould, and Sgt. E.J.C. Porter (RAF) were also killed. Two Canadians, P/O. W.C. Drumm, WO. A.M. Wilson, and Sgt. R.T. Cox (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
DALLAMORE, J. W. 36074. S/L. Dallamore is buried in the Asmara War Cemetery, Eritrea
DANN, R.E. J4327. On his first approach the pilot came in a bit high and opened up to go around again. The Hudson climbed steeply, stalled and crashed on the aerodrome. The fifth member of the crew killed was Sgt. J.E. Duval (RAF). The correct spelling is Donna Nook, Louth, not Donna Nook, Lough.
DARLINGTON, W. J40809. The correct spelling is Fulmodeston Village, not Fulmodestone. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DAUBNER, J.W. R58631. Hudson aircraft AM 614 was carrying 1,000 lbs. of bombs when it was shot down by German ME-110 fighter aircraft during a night attack against a German Convoy north of the Terschelling Islands. P/O.s G.F. Cook, AR. Farley, and FS. W.M. Crane were also killed.
DAVID, J.J.B. R79102. Lancaster aircraft ED 928 (OF-B) missing during a night operation against Mulheim, Germany. P/O. G.W. Armstrong, FS. J.J. Mansfield (RAF), Sgt. D.E. Williams (RAF), and F/O. S. Blackhurst (RAF) were also killed. Two of the crew, not Canadians, were taken Prisoners Of War.
DAVIDSON, N.J. J22514. Lancaster aircraft DV 382 (KC-J) had refueled after operations and was returning to base when it crashed ten miles east of Chichester, Sussex, England. S/L. W.R. Suggitt DFC, F/O.s J.M. Dempster DFM, 1.1. Gordon D.F.C. (RAAF), P/O. S. Hall (RAAF), FS.s J. Pulford DFM (RAF), and J. Riches (RAF) were also killed.
DAVIES, J.C. J86585. Five RAF members of the crew, FS.s E.A Blackbum, C.A. Bramwell, A. Murray, Sgt.s J.F. Cope, and J. Hilton were also killed. The aircraft crashed at Holm on the Wolds not Home on the Wods. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DAVIES, K.S. J6846. P/O. D.A. Ray (RAAF) was also killed.
Whitley aircraft Z9465 failed to return from operations. Sgt.s J.D. Quilter (RAF), F. Taylor (RAF), J.C. Caldwell (RAF), and FS. F. Oliver (RAF) were also killed.
DAVIS, W.G. J29881. The aircraft completed three rolls before hitting the ground, not three roles. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DAWSON, D. J. V. J88704. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft LL 184-K went down. The other members of the crew who were also killed were all RAF, they were WO. J. Dunlop, Sgt.s W. Neil, C.S. Foster, C.E. Jones, and B.R. Garfield. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
DAY, F.E. 632267. The correct spelling of the Cemetery is Bayeux, not Bayeaux and Cpl. Day’s given names are Francis Edward James. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DAY, J.F. J8099. Halifax aircraft W1147 (TL-J) crashed at Hertogenbosch, Holland during a trip to Duisburg, Germany. FS.s C.E. Evans, D.M. Ross, P/O.s H.E. Bruce, J.E. Marple (RAF), and Sgt. W.A. Allsopp (RAAF) were also killed. One member of the crew, Sgt. J.T. Bennett was an Evader.
DE CORDOUE, J.F.G. J92200. W/C. G.E. Harrison D.F.C., S.S. (RAF), WO.s J.B. Brierley (R.N.Z.A.F.), D.M. Mathewson (R.N.Z.A.F.), F/O. N. McKay (R.A.F.), F/L. N.E. Skinner D.F.C. (R.A.F.), FS. R. Percy (R.A.F.), L/Cpl. L.H. Caldecott and Driver H. Gregory were also killed.
DEAN, C.A. R108725. Correct spelling is Market Rasen, not Mark Rasen. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DEATH, A.H. J19181. P/O. A. D. Maw, F/O. O.C. Grecnacre (RAF), F/O. A. Thorpe (RAF), and FS. A. S. Arnell (RAF) were also killed. P/O. A. Monk (RAF) and SgA. Henthorn (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
DEERING, G.A. J17245. Lancaster aircraft EE 144 (AJ-S) was shot down and crashed at Nordhoom, Holland and a 12,000 pound bomb the aircraft was carrying, blew up. F/L.
T.H. Taerum DFC., S/L. G. Holden DSO, DFC (RAF), Sgt. D. Powell (RAF), F/O.s F. Spafford DFC, DFM (RAAF), H.J. Pringle DFC (RAF), P/O. T. Meikle DFM (RAF), and F/L. R. Hutchison DFC & Bar {RAF) were also killed.
DEMPSTER, J.M. J17206. The complete crew list is, S/L. W.R. Suggitt, F/O.s N.J. Davidson, J.I. Gordon D.F.C. (RAAF), P/O. S. Hall (RAAF), FS.s J. Riches (RAF), and J. Pulford DFM (RAF) were also killed.
DENSMORE, G.R. J17486. The year of death is wrong, it should be 1943, not 1944.
DICKIE, R.J. J93903. Changes to the aircrew list. This list is correct. FS.s G.W. Wood D.F.M. (RAF), W.G. Duncan (RAF), A.J. Newell (RAF), P/O. J.A Bartholomew D.F.C. (RAF), and F/O. I. Worth (RAAF) were also killed.
DICKSON, H.G. J26498. The aircraft went missing in the Ostend area, not the Ostende area. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DINGWALL, F.T. J17798. The correct spelling of the crash location is Catterick, not Cotterick. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DIONNE, E.B. R96741. The correct spelling of the County is Drummond, not Drumond. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DIXON, J. R142636. Lancaster aircraft ND 503 (DX-E) was shot down by folk and a night fighter attack and crashed at Volske, 12km SW of Gifhom, whilst engaged in night operations, a raid against Leipzig, Germany. Sgt. C.V. Clarke (RAF), W. Rees (RAF), P/O. W.G. Davies (RAF), WO. J.A. Wheeler, and F/O. K.J. Tubbs (RAF) were also killed. Sgt. R.W. Ridsdale (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
DIXON, W.A. J22058. P/O. W. A. Dixon, Sgt. W. E. Sargent, and five RAF members of the crew, FS. A Pinks, Sgt.s A. B. Norris , G.J. Low, ?. A. Esson, J. Breaker were also killed.
DIXON, J.M. R69039. Missing during bombing operations to Berlin, Germany. Sgt.s M.M. Keswick, W.R. Malkemus, E.C. Hatton (RAF), G.W. Fenton (RAF), and S.D. Chamberlain (RAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” -A Lovett.
DOCKING, R.O. R59295. Sgt.s Docking, H. Brown (RAF), AC2. A. Smith (RAF), FS. A.R. Hurt (RAF), P/O.s A.B. Brown (RAF), and A.Y. Evans (RAF) were all killed when their Wellington aircraft R 1517 (KO-Z) crashed at Sporle, Kings Lynn, Norfolk. The aircraft was undergoing an air test at the time of the crash. One RAF member of the crew was injured.
DODDS, G.D. R62216. Hampden aircraft AD 966 (KM-R) was undergoing an air test when it crashed near South Park, Lincoln, England. Four RAF airmen Sgt.s G.M. Le Blanc Smith, A. Forsythe, ACl.s T.B. Jetrcote, and A.D. Clark were also killed.
DODDING, J.D. R133286. Lancaster aircraft LL 681 (JI-J) lost during night operations to Leipzig, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, F/L. L.J. Kingwell, Sgt.s D.W. Newbury, G.E. Knight, W.A. Bates, H. Taylor, FS. H.M. Wichelow, and WO. H.S. Fidge (RAAF) were also killed. WO. Dodding was 2nd pilot on this trip.
DOIG, P.H. J18895. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.K. Dench, C.H. McFadden, and R.S. Taylor were also killed. Two of the crew safe. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
DONALD, J.L. J87044. Halifax aircraft JD 456 was shot down in the Baltic Sea off Denmark during a trip to Berlin, Germany. P/O.s J.A. Parker, M.A. Fournier, F/O. F. Hartenett, Sgt.s H.T. Raine, D.A. Hopper (RAF) and FS. R.N. Ross (RAF) were also killed. This was the 10th operation for the entire crew. Detail from 419 Squadron History.
DONALDSON, W.R. R78064. The aircraft went down near Waddington, not Wardington. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DOSE, R.H. J14403. The correct spelling of the aircraft location is Haarlem, not Saarlem. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DOWDING, H.R. J23223. The crew were engaged in an anti-shipping strike off Den Helder, not Denhelde. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DOWN, A.J. R109725. Additions to the crew list. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s S.G. Hunt, A. Battram, K.F. Bartholomew, and P/O. H.W. Austin were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honor.
DRAMNITZKE, E. J88338. Lancaster aircraft LL 720 (EQ-R) was shot down in the -sea during a night trip to Leipzig, Germany. F/L. E.S. Winn, F/O.s. J.R. Leaman, J.R. Bonneville, P/O. R.H. Wade, TS. N.H.H. Brown (USAAF), and Sgt. E.W. Bolt (RAF) were also killed.
DRENNAN; J.D. R 77465. Add FS. R.J. Fido (RAF) to the casualty list. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
DRIES, P.W. R152345. Aircraft letters (OF-Y). Five RAF members of the crew, FS. R.S. Mortham, Sgt.s R.T. Fathers, J. Graham, R.A. Campbell, and J.R. Cowen were also killed.
DRIMMIE, G.R. J16306. D.F.C. Four RAF crew members, Sgt.s E.A. Lane, JJ. Waddell, FS.s R.B. Jarvie and D.F. Smith were also killed.
DUCKWORTH, E.V. J25370. The aircraft had just become airborne for a night bombing exercise when one engine failed and it began to lose height. Thanks to the skill of F/O. Duckworth (Captain) and F/O. A. lzenberg (co-pilot) a crash in the built-up area of Bideford was avoided and the Wellington was crash landed on a hillside nearby. Unfortunately it struck a thick stone and dirt wall and was completely wrecked. F/O. lzenberg was the sole survivor of the crash but was seriously injured. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
DUNAND, E.J.F. J10667. Four RAF members of the crew, P/O. A.W. Lane, F/L. R.A. Jackson, Sgt.s A.J. Clover, and L.G. Alexander were also killed.
DUNCAN, G.R. R69109. Correct spelling of the Cemetery is Aberystwyth, not Aberyswth. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DUNCAN, RM. J19957. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft No. HR 841-T went down, the target was Magdeburg, Germany. Other members of the crew also killed were FS.s H.H. Streeting (RAF), K. W. Chalk (RAF), Sgt.s W. Cannon (RAF), and F. Jarvis (RAF). Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
DUNCAN, S.M. J95303. Dakota aircraft # FD 915 lost whilst dropping supplies to the British 14th Army. F/O. W.A. Eden, P/O.s W.D. Coulson, R.H. Holtan, and T.G. Burton were also killed.
DUNLOP, R.O.M. R70006. Target – Essen, Gennany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J. McConnick, T.H. Webb, R.J. Kerrick, F/L. T.H. Richardson, F/O.s L.R. Shadwell, and C.R. Allberry were also killed.
DUNN, O.C. R134678. #2 E.F.T.S. was at Worcester not Gorcester. Correction provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DUNNETT, H.N. R181089. Five RAF crew members, Sgt.s J. Roberts, R. Ferguson, J.A. Hare, F/O.s V.S. Flack, and K.P. Rand were also killed. One of the crew, not Canadian, taken Prisoner Of War.
DUNSMUIR, JOHN MURRAY F/O(AG) J21396. Lancaster aircraft ME 700 (VN-V) lost during a night trip to Munster, Germany. F/O. A.B. Harvey, FS.s R. Larcome (RAF) and E.H. Tunnell (RAF) were also killed. According to the pilot, F/O. O.G. Korpela (RCAF), they had dropped their bombs and were on the way home when they realized they were off course. They were attacked by a German fighter and the Lancaster burst into flames. The pilot soon realized the aircraft was beyond saving: the plane was burning and full of smoke; the navigator and wireless operator were dead; the intercom was out of order and the airgunners could not be reached either physically nor by intercom. The order was given to abandon the aircraft, the flight engineer and the bomb aimer complied and shortly after F/O. Korplea also jumped. F/O. O. Korpela (RCAF), Sgt.s H. Macfarlane (RAF), and C. Lucas (RAF) were Evaders. Detail provided by N. Murphy, Windsor, Ontario.
DURNING, J.H. R55446. Target – Emden, Germany. RAF crew members, Sgt.s H.J. Groom, R.A. Priestley, F.G.W. Roberts, E.A. Spicer were also killed.
DUTCHAK, P. R190697. The correct spelling of the aircraft location is Ostend, not Osten. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
DYE, J.E. J28077. The squadron was based at Full Sutton when aircraft NA 515-D was damaged. The other members of this crew who were all safe on arrival were F/O J.D. Morrison, FS.s F.A. Johnson, A. Pulchalski, Sgt.s T.J. Melvin, M.D. MacRilchie all RCAF and Sgt A. Moodie (RAF). Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
DYNES, H. R186249. Sgt. Dynes was 35 years old at the time of his death, not 40. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
EADY, I.J R74421. The correct aircraft location is Wannwell, not Wannevielle. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
EARNSHAW, K. J10891. Sgt.s C. Brennan, J.W. Minchin (RAF), P/O. G. Gregory DFM (RAF), and F/L. J. Hopgood DFC & Bar (RAF) were also killed. P/O. A. Burcher D.F.M. (RAAF) bailed out at near zero feet altitude and was taken Prisoner Of War. One Canadian, P/O. J. W. Fraser, opened his parachute inside the aircraft, was pulled out and was also taken P.O.W.
EASEN, F.W. J92606. The correct aircraft location is in the Strait of Dover, not the Sea of Dover. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
EASTON, H.R. R56846. Target – Kiel, Germany. Wellington aircraft R 1380 missing from operations. Sgt. K. Manson (RNZAF), and four RAF members of the crew Sgt.s
R.A. Williams, R.A. Chatfield, R.V. Plummer, and C.H. Mercer were also killed.
EDEN, W.A. J42825. Dakota aircraft FD 915 lost whilst dropping supplies to the British 14th Army. P/O.s W.D. Coulson, R.H. Holtan, T.G. Burton, and S.M. Duncan were also killed.
EDICK, R.S. J19814. FS.s W.G. Godfrey (RAF), and R. Bensley (RAF) were also killed.
EDMONDSON, N.T. J87276. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R. T. Harper, B. B. Vivour, J. E. Bates, D. 8. Bloomfield, and F/O. J. W. Henry were also killed, P/O. L. Lindley (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
EDWARDS, D.H. 39784. The correct aircraft location is off Skegness, not Skagness. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
EDWARDS, H.D. 41837. P/O. Edwards was killed on September 11, 1940, not October 07, 1940. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, SK.
EDWARDS, L.G. R69087. The aircraft went down near Coltishall, not Cotishall. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
EGAN, W.H. J29723. The correct aircraft location is Evere, not E’Ere. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ELIOTT, J.L.H. J5332. Target – Wamemonde, Germany. Wellington aircraft X 3369 lost during night bombing operations over enemy territory. Four RAF crew members, F/O.s H.J. Bullock, L.M. Bain, Sgt.s J.D. Cameron, and R.R. Waterston were also killed.
ELLIOTT, H.L. R62406. Sgt. Elliott was a navigator not an air gunner. Blenheim aircraft V 5875 failed to return from an anti-shipping strike. Sgt.s C.S. Balzer (RNZAF) and V.F.W. Slade (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by L. Forsberg, Brandon, MB.
ELLIOTT, J.G. J4878. Stirling aircraft N 6013 failed to return from operations to Borkum, Germany. F/O. J. Kinnane M.i.D. (RAAF) and five RAF crew members, Sgt.s F.G. Taylor, K. Huntley, W.G. Marsh, FS. B.K. Nicholls, and P/O. T.E. Bolton were also killed.
ENGLERT, W.L. J24454. Liberator aircraft BZ 878 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol over the Bay of Biscay. Sgt.s J.M. Thomlinson, W.F. Reid, F/O.s D.A. Rowat, A.G. Archibald (RAAF). R.S.H. Browning (RAF). FS. A. Campbell (RAF), and Sgt. D.F. Taylor (RAF) were also killed.
ENGLISH, G.C. R86265. The aircraft went down near Bognor Regis. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ENO, L.H. 40096. S/L. Eno had served with #77 Squadron flying Whitley aircraft during the first year of the war. He was on his third tour of operations, having completed over sixty trips over enemy territory, when his Lancaster aircraft LW497 went missing. Sgt. J.O. Everitt (RAF), WO. H.B. Thompson, P/O.s J.F. O’Dowda, B.S. Uppington (RAF), and F/O. L.F. Clarke (RAF) were also killed.
ERLY, J.P. J3264 D.F.C. Hampden aircraft AE 220 failed to return from a night bombing operation to Mannheim, Germany. P/O. A.F. MeGruer (RNZAF) Sgt.’s A.L. Rawlinson (RAF) and J.W. Goddard (RAF) were also killed.
ESKIL, O.J. J11076. The correct spelling of the Cemetery is Bayeux, not Bayeaux. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ETHERINGTON, R.N. J95291. P/O. Etherington had received some of his training at No. 4 Air Observer School, London, Ontario – Course No. 45. Detail provided by E. Anderson, Saskatchewan.
EVELLE, J.D. R58109. Wellington aircraft # W 5719 (JN-S) was returning from ops. to Koln, Germany when it crashed near Edale, Derbyshire, England. Four RAF crew members Sgt.s F.K. Webber, D.A. Monk, J.A. Haswell, and P.H. Parrott were also killed.
EVERNDEN, J. G. J14022. The reference to Casselman J.D. should be to Casselman D.J.
EVERSFIELD, S.E. R54015. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s S. Whitelock, J.E. Foy, N.E. Hill, L.H. Everton, S. Barham, and L.S. Capp were also killed.
EWEN, J. B. J88360. The reference to please see Senecal J.G. should read Senecal J.H.G.
FAIR, T.W. J86024. Lancaster aircraft LL 848 (JO-X) missing during night operations to Munich, Germany. F/O.s J.S. Brathwaite (RAAF), E.W. Page (RAAF), P/O. E.R. Brown (RAAF), Sgt.s S.R. Crate (RAF), R. Guile (RAF), and FS. G.H. Noakes (RAAF) were also killed.
FAIRBAIRN, R.D. J8609. Hudson aircraft AM 563 was carrying 4,250 lbs. of bombs and failed to return from a night operation. P/O.s K.S. Davies and D.A. Ray (RAAF) were also killed. One RAF crew member was taken Prisoner Of War.
FARLEY, A.R.R. J15335. Hudson aircraft AM 614 was carrying 1,000 lbs. of bombs when it was shot down by German ME-110 fighter aircraft during a night attack against a German Convoy north of the Terschelling Islands. P/O. G.F. Cook, WO. J.W. Daubner, and FS. W.M. Crane were also killed. This was P/O. Cook’s first operation. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
FARMER, D.G. 621070. FS. Farmer’s given names Daniel Gilfillan. The aircraft number was Z6556. F/L. J. Harrington (RAF), Sgt.s T.H. Knighton (RAF) C. Calvert (RAF), and J.K. Purdon (RAF) were also killed.
FARRELL, W. R. R112769. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft DT 730-B went down. One other member of the crew also killed was FS. R.M. Hollingworth (RAAF). Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
FAUNT, F.W.G. J8944. The aircraft crashed near west of Royal Tonbridge Wells, not Tumbridge Wells. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FAWNS, H.S. R93489. Target – Krefeld, Germany. Wellington aircraft HF 518 (SE-J) failed to return from operations. F/O.s B.S. Fudge, J.B.G. Bailey D.F.C. (RAF), G.C.W. Parslow D.F.M. (RAF), and WIC. J. Coverdale were also killed.
FEAGAN, J. W. R90344. The correct spelling of the home town is Shedden, not Sheddon. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FEE, J.C. C773. The correct spelling is F/O. M.J. Sunstrom, not F/O. M.S. Sunstrom. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FENNELL, E.O. 40293. LAC.s L. Close (RAF), W.G. Newton (RAF), and Sgt. B.D. Shepperson (RAF) were also killed.
FERGUSON, A.E. R131186. The crew of Liberator aircraft BZ 885 took off on an anti-sub patrol when the aircraft dived into the ground, shortly after take-off, at Sigeriya, Ceylon. WO.s W.C. Love, G.M. Stockwell, E.C. Currie, R W. MacDonald, F/O. K.F. Perera, F/O. D.G. Davie (RAF), and FS. D. Kirk (RAF) were all killed in the crash. The aircraft caught fire and the depth charges exploded.
FERGUSON, L.A. R153401. The other members of the crew FS. G.W. Trodd, F/O. P.E. Legard, P/O. D.B. McIntosh, Sgt.s H. Longton, P.F. Walker, G.T. Reynolds, and F/L. G.A. Procter were all RAF and were all killed.
FIELD, W. F. R50819. WO. Field was a member of # 124 Squadron, not # 125 Squadron.
FIGHTER,K.F. R106603. WO. Fighter was born in Elbow, Saskatchewan and not Elham. Detail provided by G.D. Campbell, Belleville, Ontario.
FISH, H. W. R68111. Whitley aircraft Z 6573 lost whilst engaged in night bombing operations over Essen, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s P.J. Ennis, R.M. Milligan, P/O. H.H. Wells, and S/L. O.R. Moseley were also killed.
FLEMING, J.P. P/O. Fleming was from Chaffey Lock, not Chaffeys Locks. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FLETCHER, L.W. R57839. This crew were part of a force of thirty-four sent to bomb the Tirpitz in Aasen Fjord, Norway. For any aircraft encountering difficulties, there were three destroyers staged along their route to act as guard ships. The diversionary field west Sumburgh. The instructions given to the airfield were that the Orem Lighting on runways A and B should be lit, the “T” landmark beacon should be located 1.5 miles north-west of the airfield and that the obstruction light on Ward Hill should be lit, but not the one on Fitful Head. There should also be a continuous listening watch on the “Darkie” frequency of 6440 Kilocycles. In the event, the target was obscured by cloud, forcing the frustrated crews to tum back and head for home, not before four of their number had been shot down. On the return journey, the aircraft ran into cloud and icing. Halifax R9453 and R9438 became short of fuel and diverted to Sumburgh, only to find low cloud and fog preventing a landing. S/L. Burdett in R9453 headed south, hoping reach either Orkney, Wick or one of the destroyers. After a few minutes, the fuel tanks ran dry and the aircraft crashed during an attempted ditching. The crew of R9453, FS. W.J. Cadger, P/O. N.F. Bowsher, S/L. A.P. Burdett (RAF), Sgt.s S. Davis (RAF), D.C. Martin (RAF) and L.W. Hanson (RAAF) were all killed. Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
FLINT, T.V. R180859. The aircraft came down at Volkel, not Vokel. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FOGG, K.A. R56267. Target – Stuttgart, Germany. Wellington aircraft Z1254 (UV-L) crashed near Mannheim, Germany. S/L. C.L. Gilbert (RAF), Sgt.s R.H. Murphy (RAAF), J.R. Shearer (RAAF), C.N. Dixon (RAF) were also killed. One RAAF member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War.
FOLEY, B. G. J14741. The squadron was based at Elvington, the RAF members of the crew of aircraft OT 807-R who were also killed were Sgt.s H.E. Cracknell, W.A. Bryson, C.E. Tarbin, and A Miller, RAF Sgt.s R. Searle and D. Griffiths were taken Prisoner of War. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
FORD, J.E. R210750. Six RAF members of the crew, WO.s C.T. Abel, R.D. Stow, Sgt.s R.C. Hutchinson, A.W. Sorrie, FS. A. Williams, P/0. E.V. Dunk, and F/O. W.G.A. Miller (RAAF) were also killed.
FORSTER, R.H. J26693. Lancaster aircraft ND 596 (CF-H) missing during night operations to Frankfurt, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s C.M. Campbell, A. Wood, C.H. Wright, G.R. Small, and F/O. I.A. MacMaster were also killed. One RAF crew member was taken Prisoner Of War.
FORSYTH, J.H. R86422. There is no Chalongsuk, the name is Chalon-sur-Saone. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FORTIN, E. R54940. Wellington aircraft X 3312 (SR-U) was shot down in the sea off Amsterdam. FS. D.P. Roberts and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L.D. Firminger, W. Matheson, G.C. Morffew, and E.A. Thomas were also killed.
FORTIN, G. R117476. Sgt.s E.H. Fenning (RAF), E.G. Lane (RAF), B.K. Short (RAF), and F.A. Squibbs (RAF) were also killed.
FOSTER, M.A. J23863. The aircraft crashed five miles south of Port Roberts, not five miles south of Robert. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FOUNTAIN, I.D. J9420. Five RAF members of the crew, F/L. L.R. Barr, D.F.C. & Bar, Sgt.s P.B.P. Price, M.S. Pepper D.F.M., J. Greenwood, and P/O. E.R.M. Runnacles were also killed. One RAF member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
FOURNIER, M.A. J86593. The correct spelling is Timmins, not Timmons. Halifax aircraft JD 456 was shot down in the Baltic Sea off Denmark during a trip to Berlin, Germany. P/O.s J.A. Parker, J.L. Donald, F/O. F. Hartenett, Sgt.s H.T. Raine, D.A. Hopper (RAF) and FS. R.N. Ross (RAF) were also killed. This was the 10th operation for the entire crew and theirs was one of 42 allied aircraft lost on this night. Detail from 419 Squadron History.
FOX, H W G. J89053. FS.s R.J. McQuilty (RAAF), F.P. Brady (RAAF), P/O. E.J. Lincoln (RAAF), Sgt.s E.D. Eaton (RAF), and E.R. Duckworth (RAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
FRAMPTON, J.A. J24171. F/O. Frampton was from Regina, Saskatchewan not Vancouver, British Columbia
FRANCIS, B.D. R83222. See Lutes R.A.E. this addendum for further information. The aircraft was a Beaufort not a Beaufighter. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
FRASER, G.W. R65162. Six RAF members of the crew, F/O.s H. Laverick, N. Ashbumer, V.C. Bye, Sgt.s R. Barrass, and T.J. Gleeson were also killed.
FRASER, J.W. R60929. The road was between Oss and Heesch, not Oss and Meesch. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FRASER, R.D. R119693. Lancaster aircraft ED 476 (PH-N) failed to return from night ops. to Duisburgh, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R. Bell, J.A. Stephens, E.D. Harrison, E. Rome, FS. D.H. Williams, and l.H. Alexander (RNZAF) were also killed.
FREY, F.J.A. J85493. The target was Cap Gris Nez, France, not Cap Gris, Nes, France. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FULCHER, L.T. R61529. Target – Essen, Germany. Lancaster aircraft ED 524 (PO-T) was shot down at Dusseldorf, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, F/O.s T. Dring, H. North, J. Stewart, Sgt.s W. Johnson, DJ. Robinson, and S/L. A. Paape were also killed.
FULLUM, W.J. R189530. Correct spelling of the given name is Joseph, the aircraft letters were A4-D, and F/O. R.1. Davies was a member of the RAF.
FULTON, R.O. R87122. The aircraft went down in the sea off Harligen, not Harligern. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
FUNKHOUSER, H.G. J7036. Corrections to the crew list and target information. Halifax aircraft EB 212 (NA-U) went down in the sea during operations against Hamburg, German. P/O. V.T. Sylvester, WO. Earl G. Smith, Sgt.s J.W. Lunn, D. Charlesworth (RAF), P.J. Forde (RAF), and T.L. Rose (RAF) were also killed.
FURNELL, D.G. 591498. The correct burial location is the Stourton Caundle Churchyard Cemetery, Dorset, England.
GAMBLE,R.H. J9337. The aircraft squadron letters were EQ-F. P/O.s C.N. Black (RAAF) and K.B. McColl (RAAF) were also killed.
GANT, M.G. J42505. On October 20th, 1996 a Memorial Plaque in memory of all #571 Squadron personnel who died on active service was unveiled. The plaque is located at All Saints Chursh, Longstanton, Cambridgeshire. Detail provided by David E. Thompsoa, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
GARBAS, F.A. R103201. Lancaster aircraft ED 864 (AJ-B) was shot down at Wesel, Germany whilst engaged in the Darnbuster Raid against the Moehne Dam. WO. A. Garshowitz, P/O. F.A Wile, and four RAF members of the crew, F/L. W. Astell DFC, Sgt.s J. Kinnear, R. Bolitho, and F/O. D. Hopkinson were also killed.
GARSHOWJTZ, A. R84377. Lancaster aircraft ED 864 (AJ-B) was shot down at Wesel, Germany whilst engaged in the Dambuster Raid against the Moehne Darn. P/O. F.A. Wile, FS. F.A. Garbas, and four RAF members of the crew, F/L. W. Astell DFC, Sgt.s J. Kinnear, R. Bolitho, and F/O. D. Hopkinson were also killed.
GAYFORD, R.A. 40295. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.F. Nicol, R.J. Moore, M.F. Murphy, ACI J. Moss, and LAC. D. Armstrong were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
GEDAK, J. J17721. Stirling aircraft # BK 661 (WP-O) failed to return from night operations to Duisburg, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L. Urry, T.G. Matthews, S. James, D.H. Robinson, A.V. Edwards, and S. Owen were also killed.
GELL, G.W. J40435. Correct spelling of the target is Kiel, not Keil. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington. On.
GEORGE, L.J. R69557. Wellington aircraft N 2844 (HA-M) failed to return from night bombing operations to Duisburg, Germany. Presumed enemy action. Sgt. AM. Wilson (RAAF), and four RAF members of the crew, P/O. E.D. Pockney, Sgt.s S.A. Maguire, R.G. Boswell, and K.C. Shearing were also killed.
GERRY, R.T. 41014. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J. Dempsey, J.M. Croft, FS. R.J. Ruffell-Hazell D.F.M., P/O.s R.W. Pryor, and S.J.S. Wilde were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
GIBSON, J. J85485. FS. S.W. Jones (RAAF), and five RAF members of the crew, FS.s C. Nathanson. C.C. Christie, W/C. Q. W.A. Ross, Sgt.s H. Watt, and T.W. Bint were also killed.
GIGUERE, G.J. R53388. Sumburgh is in Scotland, not England. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GILBERT, W.D. R64735. The correct spelling of the location of the crash is Shripney, not Shriomey. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GILL, D.R. J15111. The operation was over the Cotentin Peninsula, not the Constentin Peninsula. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GILLANDER, D.S. R134421. The aircraft crashed at Arlesey, not Arlesley. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GILLESPIE, E.B. R133826. Liberator aircraft FL 926 failed to return from a photo reconnaissance trip over Nicobar Island in the Andaman Sea. F/O.s C. Hamann, W.A. Wallace and five RAF members of the crew FS.s H.R. Crust, T. Lecky, Sgt.s C.R. MacGregor, R. Morgan. and F/O. H.P. Willson were also killed.
GILLIES, A.S. R200515. The aircraft crashed at Ravensthorpe, not Rotherthorpe. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GILLIES, J.K R146737. The aircraft crashed at Blackshaw, not Black Show. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GILLIN, J.W. R89875. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s H.G.V. Read, R.W. Bettinson, P.A.U. Goodyear, R. Burnett, F/O.s J.G. Millar A.F.M., and G. Lockie were also killed.
GILLIS, A.J. J87041. Lancaster aircraft ND 410 (PH-Y) crashed in the water close to Grevelingen (Zealand) during night operations against Leipzig, Germany. P/O.s P.D. Wright (RAF), E. Travers-Clarke (RAF), Sgt.s E. Roe (RAF), B.G. White (RAF), T. White (RAF), FS.s B.A. Stratton (RAF), and A.J. Gillis were all killed.
GILLIS, N.M. R97720. The emergency aerodrome was at Woodbridge, Suffolk not Sussex. Halifax aircraft LL 115 (NF-A) was returning from a special operation over France and encountered adverse weather conditions. The aircraft struck some trees and crashed at Capel Green near the emergency aerodrome at Woodbridge, Suffolk, England. FS. J.G. Watson (RAF), Sgt. H. King (RAF), G. Osborne (RAF), and J.R. Hoddinott (RAF) were also killed. One RAAF and two RAF members of the crew were injured. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GILMAN, J.L. 989975. The aircraft number was Z6731. P/O. W.J. Loney, Sgt.s R.E. Bennett (RAF), E.J. Lowater (RAAF), and J. Taylor (RAF) were also killed.
GILMOUR, R.M. R79369. Blenheim aircraft L6623 was on a training flight when it hit a tree shortly after take-off and crashed at the Brogborough Hill Estate, England. Sgt. W.I. McQuarters (RAF) was also killed.
GILVERSON, A.E. R184720. Gilverson’s aircraft, DG 420 collided with Halifax R9497 and had nothing to do with Todd R.M. Halifax DG 420 was based at RAF Rufforth. Those killed in DG 420 included Sgt.s D.C. Ravine (RAF), N.J. Hart (RAF), J.H. Townsend (RAF), P.C. Parron (RAF) and F.D. Read (RAF). The all RAF crew of R9497, Sgt.s T.C. Ashley, T.R. McMceken, AT. Allen, J.J. O’Brien, F. Cosford, D.L.H. Wooster and F/O. R.F. Walker were all killed in the collision. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
GIPSON, A.H. J13143. Lancaster aircraft W 4848 was shot down during an attack against the Skoda armament factory in Pilsen, Czechoslavakia Three RAF members of the crew, F/O. F.J. Hudson, Sgt.s V.J. Merefield, R. W. Harley, and P/O. J.O.B. Mooney (RNZAF) were also killed. One Canadian, Sg H.J.D. Rowse and Sgt. S. Biggs (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
GIROUARD, J.E.G. R95332. See Thibault, L.J.L. this addendum for further information.
GLINZ, H.S. J10212. The other members of the crew who were also killed were, F/L. D. Barlow DFC (RAAF), P/O.s S. Willis (RAF), A. Gillespie DFM (RAF), F/O.s P. Burgess (RAF), C. Williams DFC (RAAF), and Sgt. J. Lidell (RAF).
GOATLEY, S.G. J8436. Three RAF members of the crew, P/O. G.G. Shore, FS. R.H.W. Camm, and Sgt. J.M. Jenkinson were also killed.
GOLDBERG, H. 2206617. Sgt. H. Goldberg was not a brother to Louis Goldberg. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GOLDBERG, L. R56185. Sgt. L. Goldberg was not a brother to Hyman Goldberg. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GOLDMAN, A.J. J38019. P/O Goldman’s surname in the text is incorrect, not Golgman. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GOLDSMITH-JONES, G. D. 41282. Correct spelling of the grave location is Pwllheli, not Pullheli. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, BurlingtOn, On.
GOMM, C.W. J9279. The aircraft crashed off Dungeness, not Gungeness. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GOOCH, L.C. J6178. The aircraft crashed near Tillsonburg, not Tillsonberg. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GOOD, R.E. J88030. The names of the crew who bailed our and were taken Prisoners Of War were, Sgt.s AR. McNaught, T. Davidson, R.G. Enfield (RAF), F/O.s S.F. Bryans, G.L. Jones, and P/O. C.M. Corbet.
GOODALL, A.M. R142689. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s M.A. Brooks, A.A. Johnson, B.G. Martin, R.C. McLaren, L.J.L. Pasfield, and FS. K.N. Elkington were also killed.
GOODWIN, G. N. J14450. F/O. Goodwin was from Erickson, British Columbia, not Manitoba His name is also on a War Memorial at Creston, B.C. which is a few kilometres from Erickson. Detail provided by T. MacDonald, Calgary, Alberta.
GORDON, D.W. R93493. Correct spelling of the crash site and the grave location is Takoradi, not Tokoradi. FS. Gordon was assigned to #427 Squadron at the time of his death. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GORDON, R.L. R83552. Target – Kiel, Germany. Hampden aircraft AE 426 was carrying incendiaries when it was shot down eighteen miles south of Kiel, at Newmunster, Germany. FS J.A. Romas, Sgt.s W.Y. Alderdice (RAF) and T. Hindle (RAF) were also killed.
GOSLING, L.C. J9359. F/L. Gosling did not fly with #266 Squadron during the Battle of Britain, P/O. R.C. Gosling (RAF) did. Detail provided by F. McFee, Regina, SK.
GOTT, A.N. R138499. Crew members, F/L. A.R. Burchett (RAF), Sgt. G.D. Milne (RAF}, and F/O. T.I. Widdowson (RAF) were also killed.
GOWANS, W. J89889. The aircraft made a forced landing at Hunsdon, not Hunsden. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GOWRIE, C.B R93201. Target – Liege. Lancaster aircraft DV 398 (KC-Z) was shot down in the sea off the Frisian Islands, Holland. P/O. J.W. Thrasher, FS.s S. Bums (RAF), T.W. Maynard (RAF), E.C. Smith (RAF), and F/O. R. Macfarlane (RAF) were also killed. F/L. G. Rice DFC (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War. Both P/O. Thrasher and WO. Gowrie had survived the Dam buster raid on May 17, 1943.
GRAHAM, I.P. R51664. Wellington aircraft X 9879 lost over enemy territory. FS. D. W. Bennett, Sgt.s R.H. Kenvin (RAF), P.M. Wakefield (RAF), D.G. Willis (RAF), andD.J. Wyatt (RAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
GRAHAM, R.M. J6306. Wellington aircraft W 5562 (NP-H) crashed in the Baltic Sea during a night bombing operation to Warnemonde, Germany. FS.s C.S. Neveu, I.W. Davies (RNZAF), Sgt.s N.C. Stocker (RAF), and J.P. Clarke (RAF) were also killed.
GRANGE, A.H J27158. Lancaster aircraft ND 921 lost attacking a coastal battery near Langres, France. Six RAF members of the crew, S/L. AW. Raybould DSO, DFM, F/O. G.L. Ramsay, F/L.s A Feeley DFC, D. Johnson DFC, WO. H. Kitti DFM, and P/O. J.N. Papworth OFC were also killed.
GRANT, B.A. J21941. Wellington aircraft MS 484 (PT-V) missing during a night trip over enemy-held territory. FS. P.E. Barron, Sgt.s S.V. Bradshaw, and R. Dyson RAF) were also killed. FS. A. Skiggs (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
GRANT, L.K.A. J24632. Four RAF members of the crew, F/O. E. Thackway, Sgt.s R.A. Lawrence, J. Powell, and G. Grundy were also killed. Two other crew members, not Canadian, safe.
GRANT, W.P. R61931. Target – Hamburg, Germany. Stirling aircraft N 6015 (LS-A) shot down and crashed in the sea off Kiel, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A.M. Metaxa, S.T.O’Mara, D.G. Brown, J.K. Woodhams, C.R. Batchellor, and P/O. C.S. Renshaw were killed.
GRASS WICK, T.H. R60581. The aircraft crashed east of the Mull of Kintyre, not Mull at Kingtre. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GRAY, R. J. J37740. The reference to please see P/O. W.A. Tees should read F/O. W.A. Tees.
GRAY, W.A. J88900. The aircraft crashed at Goch, not Gock. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GREEN, W.M.L. R186454. Correct spelling is Kiel, Germany not Keil. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
GREEN, H.A. R147218. Lancaster aircraft EE 135 (PO-Y) was shot down near Mannheim, Germany during a night trip to Essen, Germany. WO. M.C. Craik, FS. O. Lumsden (RAAF), Sgt.s T.T. Francis (RAF), J. Harrison (RAF), C. Weddell (RAF), and P/O. A. Long (RAAF) were also killed.
GREENSLADE, W.R. 45202. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W. Orange, M.K. Smith, B.F. Goldsmith, F.L. Hughes, and E.L. Moore were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
GREGOIRE, L. J. R. J87391. Sgt. W.L. James (RAF) and WO. D.S. McGregor (RAF) were also killed. Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
GREVSTAD, M.C. J24640. Lancaster aircraft EE 191(JO-F) missing from operations over Frankfurt, Germany. Sgt.s D.J. Brotherton (RAF), J.G. Cuthbertson (RAF), R.J.R. Mottram (RAF), P/O. J.W. Gardner (RAAF), FS.s J.R. McGrath (RAAF), and H. Perkins (RAF), were also killed.
GREY-NOBLE, H. R4199. P/O. J.F. Wright (RAF), Sgt.s W.J. Atwell (RAF), H.S. Brown (RNZAF), and N. Stead (RAF) were also killed.
GRIFFIN, T.J. R128921. Sgt.s S. Cameron (RAF), A. W. Canty (RAF), and H.J.C. Gwyn (RAF) were also killed.
GROSE, D.F. J44297. The remainder of the crew were not missing. Three Canadians and two RAF airmen were rescued after spending 60 hours in dinghies. Detail provided by E. Grose.
GUEST, G.W. R162319. The aircraft crashed at Fulstow, not Fulst. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HADLEY, R.S J26622. FS.s P. Croudis (RNZAF), D.J. Sampson (RNZAF), SgtS. L.E. Ziersch (RAAF), and J.W. Mitchell (RAF) were also killed.
HAIGHT, B.M. R90510. Text should read “Coleby Grange, Lincolnshire, England”. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HALEY, B.L. R131435. The target was Pilsen, Germany and the other member of the crew to be killed was P/O. K. Mahoney (RAAF).
HALL, C.E. R73485. Sgt.s T.V. Lewis, E. Parker, R.S. Sitch, M.S. Williams, G.H. Bennett, and J.C. Cowie all RAF were also killed.
HALL, J.W.K. R177084. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L. Meadow, K.G. McLeod, L.G. Weaving, E. Tebbutt, and P/O. W.J. Hunt (RAAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
HALL, V.J. J4702. Aerodrome was at Chivenor, not Chivtor. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HALLETT, W.A. R166246. The crew of Liberator aircraft BZ 945 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol over the Bay of Biscay, believed lost to enemy action whilst attacking an enemy U-boat. The last signal indicated they were investigating a contact thought to be an enemy submarine. F/O. E.J. Hagen, FS.s C.R. Newell, T.R. McDennon, and seven of the crew, not Canadians, were also killed.
HALPENNY, R.M. C1296. The aircraft was undergoing an air test when it crashed. F/O. Halpenny was not Killed In Action.
HAMAAN, C.W. J16406. Liberator aircraft FL 926 failed to return from a photo reconnaissance trip over Nicobar Island in the Andaman Sea F/O. W.A. Wallace, Sgt.
E.B. Gillespie and five RAF members of the crew FS.s H.R. Crust, T. Lecky, Sgt.s C.R. MacGregor, R. Morgan, and F/O. H.P. Willson were also killed.
HAMILTON, H.R. 39316. Note he had shot down the enemy aircraft off Dungeness, Kent, not Dungeness, Scotland. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard,. Burlington, On.
HAMMET, L.S. R151890. Sgt.s S. Cameron (RAF), A. W. Canty (RAF), and H.J.C. Gwyn (RAF) were also killed.
HANBIDGE, R.T. J16661. Lancaster aircraft ED 367 (PO-H) failed to return from an attack against Duisberg, Germany. P/O. A.M. Wark, FS.s S.V. Woyce, D.H. Powell, H.A. Horton, Sgt.s E. Florey (RAF), and J. Humphries (RAF) were also killed.
HANCOCK, R. R59685. The correct aircraft number is AM 571 not AM 971. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
HANNA, G.R. J8615. Lancaster aircraft R 5576 stalled on take-off for a training flight due to engine failure. The aircraft crashed one half mile north-east of Coniogsby. P/O. W.B. Carlyle, FS.s J.E. Walker, A.G. Gibson, Sgt.s J.K. Marshman (RAAF), R.M. Mathieson (RAF), AM. Blyth (RAF), J. Teevin (RAF), LAC. H.R. Forster (RAF), and AC!. G.E. Smith (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HANSFORD, A.H. R85155. F/O. J.L. Meredith (RNZAF), five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s G. Stark, J. Buchanan, R. Booth, P/O. J.H. Vincent, and FS. H.E. Webber were also killed.
HARGREAVES, J.B. R100108. See Lutes R.A.E. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England
HARNISH, C.R. J87477. The complete crew list is; P/O.s N. Baker (RCAF), R.H. Cond (RAF) and Sgt. D. V. McIntyre (RCAF) were also killed. Sgt. A. R. Luffinan (RAF), FS. G. D. Robertson (RCAF), FS. J. A. Marshall (RAAF), and Sgt. M. G. McGeer (RCAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
HARRIGAN, J.F. J21023. Four RAF members of the crew, F/L. K. Harris, FS. A.J.A. Chappel, Sgt.s T.F. McLean, and D.R. Edmands were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
HARRIS, A. SGT(P) 563150 – Royal Air Force. Note that Sgt. Harris’ biography was left out of the original printing. HARRIS, ALBERT SGT(P) 563150 – Royal Air Force. From Toronto, Ontario. Killed Oct. 18/39 age 27. #41 Squadron. The squadron was being transferred to Wick, Caithness and two 41 squadron members were passengers in a # 102 squadron Whitley aircraft. The Whitley crashed while taking off from Catherick with a load of stores required by 41 squadron. All the passengers and crew were killed including Sgt. Harris. Sergeant Pilot Harris is buried in St. Laurence Churchyard Cemetery, South Hinksey, Berkshire, England.
HARRIS, J.A. J85791. P/O. W.G. Moxey, Sgt.s E. H. Woods, C. A. Matthews, H. W. Richardson, J. P. Mackilligin, and FS. F. Thompson all RAF were also killed.
HARRIS, V.H. J9742. Sgt. W.R. Matthews (RAAF) and six RAF members of the crew, FS. R. Ashdown, SgJ. Wratten, S. Phillips, W. Shaw, H.R. Jones, and P. Rogers were also killed.
HARRISON, G.L. R100702. Whitley aircraft Z6629 (MA-N) failed to return from special operations. Five RAF members of the crew, FS. J.A. Hey, Sgt.s C.R. Kenzie, H. Moxon, R.W. Andrews, and H. Metcalf were also killed.
HARTNETT, F. J14198. The two RAF members of the crew who were also killed were FS. R.N. Ross and Sgt. D.A. Hopper. Detail from 419 Squadron History.
HARTNEY, N.J.P. J10412. Stirling aircraft R 9306 (WP-J) was homeward bound from an attack against Lorient when both starboard engines failed. The Stirling crashed near Blanford at Bullbarrow Hill, Dorsetshire. F/O. J.S. Brydon, WO. W.K. Rosenberry, and FS. W.C. Morton were also killed. Three RAF members of the crew bailed out and survived.
HARTRIDGE, H.P. R58086. Blenheim aircraft V 6321 (YH-Z) crashed after attacking a convoy off Ostend, Belgium. Sgt.s K.B. Minty (RAF) and C.D. Phillips (RAF) were also killed.
HARTRY, W.J.H. R54186. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s N.C. Cook, R. Palmer, W.T. McDonald, K.P. Campbell, and F. Fullard were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
HATFIELD, T.G. R65366. WO. Hatfield was from Tusket, not Tuskett. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HAUG, D.J. R120625. See Thibault, L.J.L. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
HAYES, W.A. R106644. The aircraft went down in the English Channel off North Foreland, not Northern Ireland. Detail provided by A. E. Bainard, Burlington, On.
HAYS, R.M. J88928. P/O. Hays was 33 years old at the time of death. The RAF navigator, F/L. D. Smith was also killed. P/O. Hays was born in Ashland, Oregon, USA in 1913; home in Long Beach, California He joined the RCAF and trained in Canada at No. 61.T.S., No. 20 E.F.T.S., and No. 16 S.F.T.S. He was commissioned in 1944. The Distinguished Flying Cross was awarded to P/O. Hays effective 24 April 1945 as per London Gazette of that date and AFRO 918/45. The citation reads, “This officer was the pilot of an aircraft detailed for a reconnaissance covering the Leipzig area in March 1945, Whilst over the target, two enemy fighters attempted to close in. Pilot Officer Hays took violent evading action. Much height was lost. At this stage another enemy aircraft joined the fight. Pilot Officer Hays maneuvered with great skill and although his aircraft was hit he succeeded in evading his attackers. The starboard engine had been badly damaged but course was-set for home. Later on the return flight the aircraft was attacked by another fighter. Pilot Officer Hays maneuvered with superb skill. Although the aircraft sustained further damage and the navigator was wounded, this pilot succeeded in evading the fighter. He afterwards flew to a landing ground in Allied territory. This officer, who has completed many sorties, has consistently shown courage and resolution. Detail provided by B. Vandamme, Belgium.
HEBERT, A.A. J11955. The aircraft crashed south-east of Lighthorne, not Lightome. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
HEGARTY, H.F. J4536. Sgt. Billy Smith (RAF) had been assigned to this patrol but F/O. J.W. Renwick (RAF) took his place as Sgt. Smith had already completed an operation earlier in the day. F/O. Renwick was also killed. The correct aircraft number is AM 586 not AN 586. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
HEGGTVIET, C.E. J15379. The correct spelling of the surname is Heggtviet, not Heggtvert. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HEIMBECKER, H. L. J9353. The reference to please see Senecal J.G. should read Senecal J.H.G.
HEMMING, E. F. R94132. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft LL 122-Y went down. Other members of the crew also killed were FS. N.C. Grobb (RAAF), P/O G.O. Sharpe (RAF), and Sgt. L.R. Mace(RAF). Sgt. J.S. Clark (RAF) and FS. R.R.J. Simpson (RNZAF) safe. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Wal.ker, Kent, England.
HENDERSON, G.W. J19170. Lancaster aircraft JB 549 missing since taking off for operations over Berlin, Germany. F/O. J.M. Ogilvie and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L.J. Loewenson, G.H. Hendry, N. Bowman, R.E.L. Stoneman, and E.C. McLaughlin were also killed.
HEPBURN, S.A.W. J38441. The aircraft number was NC 835 not NG 835. The survivor, F/O. R.D. Kenning, was slightly injured in the crash. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
HEREFORD, W .I. R121899. The aircraft crashed in Denbighshire not Denbigshire. FS. Hereford was not killed in action, he lost his life on a routine flight. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HESS, G.W. C10436. Seven RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.W. Hughes, R. Hurley, F. Milton, S/L. I. Macleod-Selkirk, F/O. R.C. Pitman, J. Toy (special ops) and FS. A. Pringle were also killed.
HEWITT, W.R.H. R78896. Halifax aircraft HR 733 was shot down twenty-five miles north-west of Essen at Heiden, Germany. FS. H.P. Spencer, Sgt.s H.A. Briggs (RAF), C.H. Longley (RAF), and D.R. Wilson (RAF) were also killed.
HILDRETH, C.C. R145781. Sgt. Horton was not a member of this crew.
HILL, D.S. R104887. The aircraft went down when attempting to land at RAF Station Kenley, not Wenley. Detail provided by A. E.-Barnard, Burlington, On.
HILL, J.T. R147614. P/O. K.O. Barnes D.F.C. (RAAF) and Sgt. G.E. Greenwood (RAF) were also killed. Three of the crew, not Canadians, missing.
HILL, R.H. R79024. The aircraft was raked not racked with cannon shells. FS. A.H. Milton (RAF) was also taken Prisoner Of War. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HILLHOUSE, J.R. C8680. F/O/ W.S. Wilson (RAAF) was also killed. FS. J.C. Boyd (RNZAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
HILLMAN, V.J. J20261. F/O. Hillman is buried in the Rawalpindi War Cemetery, Pakistan in the section of the Protestant Cemetery known as Gorah Qabrastaan.
HILLS, G.G.S. 631309. Correct spelling – tragedy not tradegy. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HINSCLIFFE, A. J22411. Please see P/O. R.D. Burrowes is wrong, it should read “Please see P/O. R.D. Borrowes”
HIRST, H.E. R208993. Halifax bomber LW427 took off from Tholthorpe airdrome in a #6 Group raid to Schweinfurt, Germany on Feb. 24144. As they flew over Germany they were shot down by an enemy fighter at 11 P.M. and crashed with a full bomb load near the village of Ostelheim, west of Stuttgart. F/O. H.M. Long, P/O. M.A Knight, FS. D.B. Richardson, Sgt.s D. Crawley, and W.H. Botterill (RAF) were also killed. The seventh member of the crew was Tech. Sgt. R.J. Gile s/n 106015641/R157466. T/Sgt. Gile had enlisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba with his brother who both had dual citizenship with the U.S.A. After he joined #420 Squadron, Gile was transferred to the U.S.A.A.F. but continued to fly with his Canadian crew to finish their tour. Please see H.M. Long for grave side service detail. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
HIVON, G.H. R187271. The reference to please see Lavalle J.D. should read Lavallee J.P.
HOAR, A. M. J28222. The squadron was based at Full Sutton when MZ 702-Q went down. Five RAF members of the crew also killed were; FS. A.G. Thomson, Sgt.s W. Coates, C.L. Hagger, A.F. Taylor, and R.H. Salmons. Sgt. AW. Dade (RAF) safe. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
HOBEN, G.F. J15077. P/O. Hoben had over 100 operational hours on bombers and was training to become a fighter pilot. This was Hoben’s fourth flight of the day. Funeral of Gordon Hoben at 1400 hours. Father Plumley assisted by Father Doucett read service in station chapel, full military funeral with firing part and band. Wreaths from Station Commander, Officers Mess, No. 406 Squadron, No. 403 Squadron and Sgt’s Mess. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
HODGES, R.F. R170348. FS. R.R. Broun (RNZAF), Sgt.s J.T. Brownhill (RAF), H. Little (RAF), and WO. E.A. Creber (RAF) were also killed.
HOGARTH, W.E. R149420. Lancaster aircraft EE 194 (PO-E) was shot down near Mausdorf, Germany during night operations, an attack against Nuremberg, Germany. Five RAAF members of the crew, FS.s A.S. Dobson, R.H. Hallam, B. Kerlin, AF. Loxton, F/O. M.R. Good, and Sg J.A. Beck (RAF) were also killed.
HOLKE, A.G. J88495. The crew of aircraft ND 730 were: F/L. R.E. Fuller (RAF), Sgt.s R.C. Reid (RAF), J.H. Woodcock (RAF), J. Booth (RAF), F/O. C.K. Plunkett (RAF), P/O. A.G. Holke, F/O. N.A. Loranger, and FS. J. Hill (RAF). There were two navigators aboard for this flight. Toe aircraft was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft. ND 730 went down in flames and crashed and burned in a field outside of the French town of Champigny-en-Bouce. Detail provided by Craig S. Holke, Winnipeg, MB.
HOLLAND, J. R53029. Target – Krefeld, Germany. Halifax aircraft W 1271 (VR-P) was shot down at night at Breda, Princenhagen, Germany. P/O.s C.R. Pearce D.F.M. (RNZAF), W.T. Ellis (RNZAF), E.L. Robson (RNZAF), Sgt.s G.J.D. Thompson (RAF), W.A. Randall (RAF), and J. Galloway (RAF) were also killed.
HOLLENBACK, F.C. J92611. F/O. Pellew and P/O. Tibbits were RAAF not RAF.
HOLMES, F. A. R61031. The reference to please see FS. G.H. Marks should read WO. G.H. Marks.
HOLTAN, R.H. J95320. The reference to please see F/O. T.G. Burton should read P/O. T.G. Burton.
HONE, D. 1035. The hospital was at Bramshott not Bramsholl Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HOOD, F.W. J88657. Lancaster aircraft JB 723 (DX-P) missing from a night operation over St. Leu D’Esserent, France. FS. W.R. Moore, F/O. R.R. Smith (RAAF), FS.s R.D. Mercer (RAF), C.F. Spencer (RAF), Sgt.s W.A. Roberts (RAF), and E.A. Wood (RAF) were also killed.
HOPE, C.L. R173734. FS.s D.R. Irvine, I.M. Scott (RAAF), K.E. Foxcroft (RAAF), S.J. Peek (RAF), Sgt.s C.W. Collishaw (RAF), and S.G. Parrott (RAF) were also killed.
HOPTON, C.G. J19003. The date of death is wrong, it should read Jun.8/44.
HORNE, A M. R76770. WO. Home was 34 years old at time of death, not 21. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.H.L. Vine, J.M. Thom D.F.M., D.G. Fairlie, D.S. Bratt, FS.s J.H. Prior, and K. Bolton were also killed. HORNE, FS Alexander Manson (R76770) – Distinguished Flying Medal – No.49 Squadron – Award effective 13 May 1943 as per London Gazette dated 18 May 1943 and AFRO 1078/43 dated 11 June 1943. Born in 1909; home in Edmonton. Enlisted in Edmonton, 22 November 1940. Trained at No.8 BGS (graduated 19 May 1941) and No.2 WS (graduated 20 July 1941). The citation reads – “Flight Sergeant Home, as air gunner, participated in the “1,000 bomber raid” on Cologne, and since has attacked most of the most important targets in Germany and Italy. He took part in the daylight raid on Milan with great success, all his bombs scoring hits on the target. Recently, in March 1943, this airman flew in a very successful attack on Berlin. It is largely through his coolness and skill as a bomb aimer that his crew have achieved so much success. At all times Flight Sergeant Home has displayed courage and determination of the highest order. Detail provided by H. Halliday, Orleans, Ontario.
HORNELL, D. E. J7594. HORNELL, F/L David Ernest (17594) – Victoria Cross – No. 162 (BR) Squadron – Award effective 28 July 1944 as per London Gazette of that date and AFRO 1729/44 dated 11 August 1944. Born in Mimico, Ontario, 26 January 1910; home in Toronto. Trained at No.3 ITS (22 April 1941 to 28 May 1941), No.12 EFTS (28 May 1941 to 15 July 1941 ), No.5 SFTS (15 July 1941 to 25 September 1941) and No.31 GRS ( 13 October 1941 to 13 December 1941 ). Commissioned October 1941. DHist file 181.009 D.3060 (RG.24 Vol.20635) has recommendation dated 1 July 1944 by Air Vice-Marshal S.P. Simpson, AOC No.18 Group. U-1225 sunk by P/162, 24 June 1944, 63’00’N, 00’50’W. The citation reads – “Flight Lieutenant Hornell was captain and first pilot of a twin-engine amphibian aircraft engaged on an anti-submarine patrol in northern waters. The patrol had lasted for some hours when a fully-surfaced U-boat was sighted, traveling at high speed on the port beam. Flight Lieutenant Hornell at once turned to attack. The U-boat altered course. The aircraft had been seen and there could be no surprise. The U-boat opened up with anti-aircraft tire which became increasingly fierce and accurate. At a range of 1,200 yards, the front guns of the aircraft replied; then its starboard gun jammed, leaving only one gun effective. Hits were obtained on and around the conning tower of the U-boat, but the aircraft was itself hit, two large holes appearing in the starboard wing. Ignoring the enemy’s fire, Flight Lieutenant Hornell carefully maneuvered for the attack. Oil was pouring from his starboard engine which was, by this time, on fire, as was the starboard wing, and the petrol tanks were endangered. Meanwhile, the aircraft was hit again and again by the U-boat’s guns. Holed in many places, it was vibrating violently and very difficult to control. Nevertheless, the captain decided to press home his attack, knowing that with every moment the chances of escape for him and his gallant crew would grow more slender. He brought his aircraft down very low and released his depth charges in a perfect straddle. The bows of the U-boat were lifted out of the water; it sank and the crew were seen in the sea Flight Lieutenant Hornell contrived, by superhuman efforts at the controls, to gain a little height. The fire in the starboard wing had grown more intense and the vibration had increased. Then the burning engine fell off. The plight of the aircraft and crew was now desperate. With the utmost coolness, the captain took his aircraft into wind and, despite the manifold dangers, brought it safely down on the heavy swell. Badly damaged and blazing furiously, the aircraft settled rapidly. Detail provided by H. Halliday, Orleans, Ontario.
HORTON, H.A. R135101. Lancaster aircraft ED 367 (PO-H) failed to return from an attack against Duisberg, Germany. P/O.s R.T. Hanbidge, A.M. Wark, FS.s S.V. Woyce, D.H. Powell, Sgt.s E. Florey (RAF), and J. Humphries (RAF) were also killed.
HOUSE, E.A. 120714. There was only one aircraft from this squadron lost this date. Target – Hamburg, Germany. Wellington aircraft X 3655 (SR-V) was carrying incendiaries and special flares when it was shot down north-west of Lubeck, Germany at Segeburg, Holstein, Germany. FS.s L.E. Willigar, G.M. Mason D.F.M (RAF), and Sgt. W.E. Davies (RAF) were also killed. Two RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
HOWDEN, C.V. R81305. Target – Cologne, Germany. Sgt. C.D. Herbert (RAF) was also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
HOXFORD, F.C. R219997. Lancaster aircraft ND 411 (PM J) missing from a night trip to Mailly Le Camp, France. Sgt. A.A. McCallum, FS. C.S. Gay (RAAF), P/O. J.E. Holden
(RAF), Sgt.s J.E. Moore (RAF), T.W. Sykes (RAF), and R.A. Wilson (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
HRYSKO, W. R106466. Cpl. Hrysko was not killed in action. He was killed during a routine flight. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HUARD, J.J.P.G. R82662. See Thibault, L.J.L. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
HUGLI, V.A R90778. The aircraft squadron letters were VR-O and Sgt. R.E. Sackville-Oolden (RAF) was also killed.
HUMPHREY, G.F. J89694. The aircraft went missing in the Bernay-Evrcux area, not Bernay-Evreax. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HUNKING, E.T. R78903. Hampden aircraft P 5322 was shot down at Cologne, Germany during Ops. to Dusseldorf, Germany. Sgt. C.A.B. McMullin (RAF), F/O. R.E. Guthrie (RAAF) were also killed. One Canadian, Sgt. J.H. Morrison, was taken Prisoner Of War.
HUNT, E.P. R106511. The crash location is Preston on Stour, not Prestonoonstour. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HUNT, H.W. 580545. P/O. D.B. Starky (RNZAF) and Sgt. B. Monarty (RAF) were also killed.
HUNTER, C.H. R82037. The crew of Stirling aircraft EF 468 were outward bound on ops. when their aircraft crashed at Bussy Stool Farm six miles north of Tarrant, Rushton, England. WO. C.A. Simpson, FS.s P.W. Sullivan, R.C. Lysons (RAF), Sgt.s D.M. McCannell (RAF), and J.E. Sawford (RAF) were also killed.
HUNTER, R. H. J13718. HUNTER, F/L Ralph Harvey (J13178) – Distinguished Flying Cross – No.28 Squadron ( deceased) – Award effective 18 May 1945 as per London Gazette dated 4 June 1946 and AFRO 781146 dated 9 August 1946. Home in Edmonton, Alberta; enlisted there 17 October 1939. Trained at No.5 ITS (graduated 13 February 1942), No.13 EFTS (graduated 24 April 1942), and No.2 SITS (graduated 28 August 1942). Killed 19 February 1945 in Hurricane JZ670; widow in Alberta; name on Singapore Memorial. Presented to widow by Governor-General, Ottawa, 17 April 1947. The citation reads – “Throughout a large number of operational sorties this officer has shown outstanding ability, determination and brilliant leadership. The majority of his sorties have been flown in monsoon weather. Nevertheless he has achieved excellent results. He has brought back detailed and accurate information about enemy movements. Detail provided by H. Halliday, Orleans, Ontario.
HUNTER, R.W. R84448. Sgt. Hunter was not killed in action, he was killed on a routine flight. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
HUTTON, R.G. R109276. WOI. Hutton was born in Blackie, Alberta and went to school at Mossleigh. He had received some of his training at No. 4 Air Observer School, London, Ontario – Course No. 45. He was 23 years old at the time of his death. Detail provided by E. Anderson, Saskatchewan.
IRWIN, W.E J16115. Mk. IV Mosquito aircraft D2642 was “Marker Three” of three Mosquitos from 627 Squadron which were to mark the target at the U-boat pens at Tmdheim for the Lancasters of Five Group. The Mosquitos first flew from Woodhal Spa to Lossiemouth where their fuel tanks were to be topped up. For some reason, 642 was not refueled and the error was not noticed by the pilot on take-off. For part of the flight to Trondheim, one of the Lancasters had its radio transmission button in the “on” position, and details of the target were inadvertently transmitted to the Germans. When the aircraft arrived at Trondheim, the target was hidden under a smoke screen, and the mission had to be aborted. By that time, 642 was now very short of fuel and the pilot headed for Shetland with the intention of landing at Scatsta. With its radio faulty, the other two Mosquitos accompanied the aircraft to relay messages. Contact was made with air-sea rescue at Lerwick which reported the Shetland weather as ten-tenths cloud at a thousand feet, with patches down to eight hundred feet. The unit also gave the aircraft a course which would bring it within sight of the Sandra light at Sumburgh. When 642 came within radio range of Sumburgh, the other two Mosquitos set course for Pterhead. As they flew south, the pilots heard Sumburgh warning 642 of high ground along its route, but no acknowledgment was transmitted. Radio contact between the Mosquito and Sumburgh was very bad, the last message from the aircraft being that it was turning onto a course of 230 degrees. It was not until December 6th that three men driving sheep on Royl Field Hill came across the crashed Mosquito. It had not caught fire in the crash and its fuel tanks were found to be empty. The pilot of the Mosquito RAF F/L. J.A. Reid was buried at Winchester. Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
IVATT, H.M. J17654. Seven RAF members of the crew, F/O. G.D. Priestly, P/O.s C.W. Clarke, E. Hough, F.H. Huntley D.F.M., Sgts. M. Bates, A. Stott D.F.M, and F.C. Greening were also killed.
IVES, R.O.G. R161444. Aircraft went down in Wistanswick, not Wistanswi. FS. Ives was 21 years old at the time of his death. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
IZZARD, L.T. J7462. Seven RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s D.P. McAleese, J.L. Strachan, R.H. Willimas, W. Osborn, P.W. Ditchbum, F.H. Watt, and FS. S.H. Hopkinson were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
JACKSON, L.M. R 128258. Lancaster aircraft LM 431 failed to return from a trip to Stettin, Germany. FS.s H.S. Reid, L.A. Jeffries (RAF), D. Briggs (RAF), F/O. F. Connolly (RAAF), Sgt.s R.W.J. Evans (RAF), and M. Turner (RAF) were also killed.
JACKSON, G.B. R83435. Hampden aircraft AN 153 (GX-B) was shot down by ship’s flak off the Dutch coast during during a night anti-shipping strike. WO.s L.E. McGee, E.J. Ramey, and F/O. L.G. Burgess (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by Errol Martyn, New Zealand.
JACOBS, A.L. R156343. The aircraft crashed at Llangaffo, Anglesey, not Llangaffe, Anglessey. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
JACOBSON, J.A. R56201 The aircraft crashed near the German border at Lichtenvoorde. The crew was buried there and the Dutch Vicar who conducted the burial service was later arrested and sent to a concentration camp for the sympathetic content of his oration. Detail from the December, 2001 issue of “Short Bursts”
JANDRON, G.M. R104531. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft HR 841-T went down, the target was Magdeburg, Germany. P/O. R.M. Duncan, WO. W.C. Thom, Sgt.s W. Cannon (RAF), F. Jarvis (RAF), FS.s H.H. Streeting (RAF), and K. W. Chalk (RAF) were also killed.
JARVIS, E.F. R177084. Five RAF members of the crew, P/O.s J. Sutton, P. Newman, FS. J. A McClean, Sgt.s L. E. Read, and J. F. Richardson were also killed.
JARVIS, A.N. J10365. Sgt.s E.A. Yates (RAF), and A.C. McBay (RAF) were also killed. Four RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
JENNINGS, 1.D. R130022. Lancaster aircraft DV 237 missing from a night trip to Berlin, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.C. McCartney, L.A. Price, E.R.B. Richardson, E. Robson, P/O. R.V. Turner, and FS. J.A. Stewart were also killed.
JENSEN, O.K.L. R95369. Wellington aircraft No. L7845 crashed after the port engine failed. The RAF member of the crew was Sgt. J. Henderson, aged 23. A memorial at Montrose Air Station Museum uses a propeller from L7845 to commemorate all those who never returned home. Detail provided by the Montrose Air Station Museum.
JENSON, S. R78061. The correct spelling is Canadian, not Canadain. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
JOHNSON, C.M. R83461. Six RAF members of the crew Sgt.s H.J. Evans, G.A. Warren, E. Watson, LAC. W. Rees, P/O.s J.A. Wilkins, and C.A. Lambert DFM were also killed.
JOHNSON, J.G. J85585. S/L. R.W.H. Gray (RAF) was taken Prisoner of War and Sgt. P.J. Evans (RAF) escaped.
JOHNSON, W.E. R84435. Stirling aircraft BF 353 (LS-E) failed to return from a night bombing attack against Essen, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L. Cowen, K. Forster, R.J. Mumford, R.E. Evans, T.C. Orr, and P/O. L.W. O’Hara were also killed.
JOHNSTON, E.C. R153793. Five RAF members of the crew, S/L. T.M. Nicholls, Sgt.s N. L. Wallis, P. R. Bielby, PO.s F. R. Smith, and R.H. Pinnan were also killed.
JOHNSTON, E.I. R105687. Sgt. G.A. Wainwright (RAF) was also killed.
JOHNSTON, J.J. J19259. Lancaster aircraft DV 403 (KC-0) was hit by flak and went down in flames during a daylight trip to Wizerness, France. P/O. T.W. Price, F/L. J. Edward DFC (RAF), F/O. L. King DFC (RAF), FS. S. Isherwood (RAF) were also killed. One Canadian, F/L. L.T. Pritchard DFC was taken Prisoner Of War.
JOHNSTON, K.M J16067. Target – Essen, Germany. Wellington aircraft HE 803 (AL-W) was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft over enemy-held territory. Two Canadians, Sgt.s H. Clarke, J. Little, one RAF member of the crew and one USAAF member of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
JOHNSTON, N.H. J95522. Reference to P/O. W.T. De Marco should read F/O. W.T. Demarco.
JOHNSTON, N.L. R56091. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.S. Payne, R.S. Saunders, H. Vernon, H. Tucker, and B. W. O’Hara were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
JONES, E.C. J25515. Lancaster aircraft LL 826 (BQ H) missing during a night trip to Mailly Le Camp, France. F/O.s M.R. Oliver, H.W. Batt (RAF), Sgt.s K.R. Dye (RAF), J. Ellis (RAF), J. Stanley (RAF), F/L. A.J. Grain D.F.M. (RAF), and passenger Station Defence Officer, Major S. Whipp, The Duke of Wellington’s Regiment, were also killed. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
JONES, G. A. R10634. The reference to please see P/O. W.A. Tees should read F/O. W.A. Tees. Sgt. Jones’ correct serial number is R10634.
JONES, J. M. J95350. Sgt S.W. Lowe (RAF) was the other crew member killed. This completes this crew list. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, N.S.
JONES, W.T. R93413. WO. Jones was from Peterborough, not Peterboro. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
JOY, D.G.M. C1218. Liberator aircraft BZ 868 was returning from a 22 hour flight laying mines off Burma when all four engines failed. The aircraft crash landed in heavy seas. F/O. J.D.A. Robertson and P/O. P.R. Arscott (RAAF) were also killed. Two Canadians, F/O.s R.L. Freeman, C.M. Fisher, and three crew members, not Canadians, were taken Prisoners Of War.
KARSTENS, W.R. J92361. The target was Bergen, not Bergun. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
KELLY, D.R. R55516. RCAF Station Skipton on Swale not Swales. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
KELLEY, A.T. R125770. Correct crew list as follows: Stirling aircraft W7635 (LS-V) failed to return from a mine-laying operation. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.G. Crapp, E. Bance, H.C. Adkins, J.J. Blignaut, R.G. Oliver, and R. Skelton were also killed.
KELLOW, L.G. 54310. Sgt.s S. G. Silver (RAF), T. C. Baker (RAF), and L. E. Walford (RAF) were also killed. Two RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
KELLOWAY, E. R115923. Six RAF members of the crew, F/O. G. King, WO. L.W. Aspden, Sgt.s R.W. Dobbins, N.A.P. Chew, K.J. Bevis, and E.W. Clayton were also killed.
KELLY, R.G. J88769. Lancaster aircraft LL 719 (EQ-V) missing during a night trip to Leipzig, Germany. F/O. G.W.M. Richter, FS. D.I. Bowden, P/O.s G.N. Bennett, S.L. Roach, Sgt.s. C.W.G. Roberts (RAF), and F.G. Skeet (RAF) were also killed.
KELLY, J.H. R77006. Whitley aircraft BD 536 stalled and crashed during the landing approach at Leuchars. FS. J.J. Major, AC.2 R.F. Fisher (RAF), AC.2 R.F.G. Padfield
(RAF), AC.2 D.F. Armstrong (RAF), AC.2 W. Inglis (RAF), and P/O. J. Woods (RAF) were also killed.
KENDALL, J.T. R178673. Target – Mannheim, Germany. Three of the crew, not Canadians, evaded. One of the crew, not Canadian, reported safe in the United Kingdom June 17, 1944.
KENNARD, K. 942317. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E.J. Milton, D.W.M. Thomas, J.H.J. Eades, T.H.M. Simmonds, and R.H. Gray were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
KENNY, W.B. R85474. Lancaster aircraft # W 4792 (PH-Y) failed to return from bombing operations to Koln, Germany. FS. J.D. Correll and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s C. Petherbridge, J. Bruce, D.A. Travis, T.l. James, and R.N. Vaisey were also killed.
KERR, W.S. R105117. FS. Kerr was from Marmora, not Marmore. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
KIDD, J.A.B J18789. Liberator aircraft FK 239 failed to return from operations. Sgt. G. McDonald, WO. B. Winter and five RAF members of the crew F/O.s J.W. Campbell, W.A. Calder, Sgt.s L. Bambridge, R.W. Harrison, and H. Willcock were also killed.
KING, G.L. J13949. F/O. King was born in Drake, Saskatchewan and received his schooling in Edmonton. He had received some of his training at No. 4 Air Observer School, London, Ontario – Course No. 45. P/O. D.H. Bond was injured and died of his injuries on May 15, 1944. Detail provided by E. Anderson, Saskatchewan.
KING, R.H. R109695. Note WO King’s given name was Rolph not Ralph. Detail provided by Nadine Murray, Windsor, Ontario.
KING, D.C. J10413. The aircraft number was HE 991, not HD 991. Target – Bremen, Germany. Wellington aircraft # HE 991 was shot down by a German night fighter and crashed in Holland.
KINNAIRD, W.J. R93983. The correct spelling of the Cemetery is Bayeux, not Bayeaux.
KINNEAR, G.P. J27395. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s O.S. Harvey, J. Kenyon, L. Murphy, S.J. Thomson, and F/L. D.L. Sedgwick were also killed.
KIPPEN, A.L. J7208. Sgt.s T.A. Sadeski and W.S. Thomloe were aboard this aircraft and were also injured. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
KIRBY, E.E. R76971. Wellington aircraft X3407 (JN-A) missing since take-off on night bombing operations to Stuttgart, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s S.H. Hislop, R.W. Stewart, P.W. Wrightney, and W.G. Kinnerley were also killed.
KIRKHAM, T.R. 580599. Corrections to the crew list and burial location. Four RAF members of the crew, F/L. A.E. Pringle D.F.C., F/O. H.P. Evans, Cpl.s R.F. Fallows, and R.C.J. Pilgrim were also killed. FS. Kirkham and crew are buried in the Ste. Croix Communal Cemetery at Bemay, Eure, France. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
KIRKHAM, E.B. J22566. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.A. Sewell, L.G. Croft, S.A. King, RE. Fincham, and FS. A.R. Moffatt were also killed. Sgt. P.L. Swan (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
KLERSY, W.T. J12199. As hostilities in Europe had ceased on May 5/6 S/L. Klersy was not Killed in Action and he was the fourth CO. to be lost to this Squadron in 10 months. The other C.O.s were S/L.s Lome M. Cameron, I.F. Kennedy and H.C. Trainor, not Lome M. Campbell and F. Kennedy. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
KLINTWORTH, R.B. J11329. P/O. Lintworth was buried at Otsego, Michigan, not Ostego, Michigan. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard. Burlington, On.
KNIGHT, M.A. J86435. Halifax bomber LW427 took off from Tholthorpe airdrome in a #6 Group raid to Schweinfurt, Germany on Feb. 24/44. As they flew over Germany they were shot down by an enemy fighter at 11P.M. and crashed with a full bomb load near the village of Ostelheim, west of Stuttgart. F/O. H.M. Long, FS. D.B. Richardson, Sgt.s H.E. Hirst, D. Crawley, and W.H. Botterill (RAF) were also killed. The seventh member of the crew was Tech. Sgt. R.J. Gile s/n 10601564//R157466. T/Sgt. Gile had enlisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba with his brother who both had dual citizenship with the U.S.A. After he joined #420 Squadron, Gile was transferred to the U .S.A.A.F. but continued to fly with his Canadian crew to finish their tour. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
KNIGHT, M. R86550. The aircraft number was AM 525. Also note that FS. G.F. MacNutt not G.F. McNutt was a member of this crew. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
KNIGHT, W.L. J47880. Crew and passengers, FS.s A.R. Thomson, M.M. Smith, LAC.s J.C. Cameron (RAF), L.S. Holmes (RAF), J.V.H. Kitchener (RAF), E.J. Long (RAF), L.J. Schuler (RAF), F/O.s H. W. Daniels (RAF), J.P. Hynes (RAAF), W. Sykes (RAF), FS.s D. Davenport (RAF), E.G. Wood (RAF), Cpl.s R.W. Hubbard (RAF), T.J. O’Riordon (RAF), Sgt.s D. Lumley (RAF), J.P. Taylor (RAF), ACI .s F.C.M Sage (RAF), and W .C. Stewart (RAF) were also killed.
KNIGHTS, J. K. J16251. F/L. Knights was 29 years old at the time of death not 24.
KRUGER, C.W. J22096. Lancaster aircraft ND 441 was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft and crashed at Detzlar, Germany during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. This was one of 108 Allied aircraft lost this night. F/L. D.M. Carey DFC, P/O.s F.W. Peppiatt, J.E. Prior (RAF), FS. W.M. Aikman (RAF), Sgt.s P.H. Lambert (RAF), and W.H.F. Smedmore (RAF) were also killed.
KOHUT, F. J89386. Sgt. T. Moffat (RAF) was also killed and Sgt. D. Dunkley (RAF) was taken Prisoners Of War.
KOMAIKO, W.K. J11218. Lancaster aircraft ED 535 failed to return from an attack against Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R. Bailey, R. King, G. McLoughlin, J. Turner, and F/L. J. Michie were also killed.
KORBYL, P.F. J25353. Four RAF members of the crew, FS.s R.H. Crystal, G.H. Davies, Sgt.s J.G. Hodge, and J. Wilson were also killed.
KORSKI, G. J26959. Note this additional information. WO.s G.E. Cooper, F.T. Mabee, Sgt.s W.R. Wiseman (RAF), D.H. Skinner (RNZAF), J. Dunkley (RAF), A. Cameron (RAF), F/O.s D.F. MacDonald (RAF), and R.H. Morgan (RAAF) were killed when Liberator aircraft FL 911 went down west of Puttalam, Ceylon.
KUNZ, J.J. R115568. FS.s H. Sloan (RAF), J. Berry (RAF), and F/O. RT. Hamer (RAF) were also killed.
LABERGE, D.J. R110907. Lancaster aircraft ED 619 was shot down at Baumbach, Germany during night operations against Nuremberg, Germany. FS. E.F. Jarvis, and five RAF members of the crew, P/O.s J. Sutton, P. Newman, FS. J. A. McClean, Sgt.s L. E. Read, and J. F. Richardson were also killed.
LABIUK, G. R182511. The target was Mulheim, Germany. The bomb load consisted of 11 x 4lb. and 12 x 30lb. incendiary bombs and the route was from Downham Market, Norfolk – Noordwijk – Bacholt – Mulheim. Other crew members were, Sgt. R.H. Cramm. FS. J.B.H. Smith (RAAF), Sgt.s W.H. Davies (RAF), C.R. Minns (RAF), and G.E. Rose (RAF) were also killed. FS. P. W. Farr (RAF) was taken Prisoner of War and held in POW Camp 357. Detail provided by Mrs. R. Cramm, Hamilton, Ontario.
LAFFERTY, A.E. J86397. FS. A.J. Neeson (RAAF), and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.A.M. Anderson, J.S. Pomeroy, F/O. J. Wilkinson, FS. C.A.S. Noad were also killed.
LAIDLAW, J.D. J23294. Sgt. D. Cutler (RAF), FS. F. Shuttle (RAF), and F/O. M. Corcoran (RAAF) were also killed, FS.s J. Henderson (RAAF), K. Bush (RAF), and F/O. J. Austen (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
LAIRD, G.J. J4896. Halifax aircraft LV 923 was in a mid-air collision with a #622 Squadron Lancaster aircraft# ND 767 during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. One Canadian, F/O. J. Moffatt, was an Evader. P/O. J. Morrison DFC (RAF) died of his injuries about three weeks later.
LAMB, T.F. J7422. Wellington aircraft R 1162 failed to return from operations to Bremen, Germany. Four RAAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J.B. Mathers, K.H. Poynting, N.H. Cox, and J.M. Synnott were also killed.
LAMBERT, J.F. J15212. The aircraft went missing in the Marville area during a fighter sweep of the Douai – Lille area. Not the Meryville area and not the Dauai – Lille area. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LAMONT,R.J. J90746. F/O. A.R. Scanlon (RAAF), P/O. M. McHugh (RAAF), WO. E.J. McGilvray (RAAF), FS. E.A. Bradshaw (RAF), and Sgt. T. Vickers (RAF) were also killed.
LAND, J.E. J85241. Stirling aircraft N3759 (LS-Q) failed to return from a mine laying operation, presumed enemy action. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s G. Hayes, R.F. Lowrie, and G.F. Eldridge were also killed.
LANG, F.H. J17144. F/O. F.H. Lang enlisted in 1940. Trained at Toronto, Jarvis, Fort William, Ontario, Regina and Mossbank, Saskatchewan. Went overseas in 1941 and returned to Canada in 1944 after completing his first tour of operations. He returned overseas in March 1944 to begin his second tour of operations and was killed shortly thereafter. Detail from the book – World War II 1939 – 1945.
LANG, J.M. R119753. FS. J.M. Lang enlisted in the fall of 1941, was stationed at Trenton, Ontario, Brandon, Manitoba, wireless training at Winnipeg, Manitoba and graduated from Mossbank, Saskatchewan, posted overseas in 1942. Detail from the book – World War II 1939 – 1945.
LANGFORD, F.G. J85119. Sgt.s R.J.R. Colley (RAF), J.C. Harthill, (RAF), FS.s L.N. Atkinson (RNZAF), J.A.L. Carmichael (RAAF), PO.s D. Jackson (RAF), and F.R. Rohrer (RAF) were also killed.
LARCHE, J.A. R95499. Wellington aircraft BJ846 crashed and burned one half mile east of Luken House, near Rippon. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
LARIN, J.L.B. R73774. Lancaster aircraft ED 526 (PO-J) was shot down at Herzogenaurach, Germany during a raid against Nuremburg, Germany. WO.s R.S. Woolley, M. Stewart (RAAF), Sgt.s E. O’Kane (RAF), R. Wiggins (RAF), R. Wylie (RAF), and F/L. O. Rowcroft (RAAF) were also killed.
LATHAM, J. J88857. Lancaster aircraft JB 324 went down during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. P/O. L.G. Kellow (RAF), Sgt.s S. G. Silver (RAF), T. C. Baker (RAF), and L. E. Walford (RAF) were also killed. Two RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War. This was P/O. Latham’s 31st. operation and his was one of 108 Allied aircraft lost this night.
LAUDRUM, E.H. R205320. Recruitment Centre not Recruitement Centre. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LAUGHLAND, A.M J19334. Four of the crew who were also killed were, F/L. E. Youseman DFC (RAF), P/O. S. Whittingham DFM (RAF), FS. R. Florence DFM (RNZAF), and F/O. W. Grimes (RAF). Three army personnel passengers, not Canadians, missing believed killed.
LAURENCE, J.F.R. R104713. Halifax aircraft JB 837 (KD-D) was on a night operation to Dusseldorf, Germany when it was shot down by a night fighter. The aircraft exploded and the bulk of the wreckage fell near Koln, Germany. FS. D.W. Macfarlane, Sgt.s R. Lewis (RAF), W.R.L. Codd (RAF), J.H. Waterston (RAF), J.W. Richardson (RAF), and J. Kershaw (RAF) were also killed.
LAVERY, K.G. J15318. F/O. Callahan was not a member of this crew. One soldier, not Canadian, FS. R.J. Mayes (RAF), Sgt. A Dougherty (RAF), and P/O. W.R. Stephens (RAF) were also killed.
LAWRENCE, W.J. R70294. Stirling aircraft R 9245 (M-E) was taking off on a mine laying op off Bordeaux, France when the starboard undercarriage hit an obstruction. Four RNZAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E.W. Harvey, B.A. Franklin, W.H. Whitcombe, H.R. Welch, E.J. Burbridge (RAF), and T. Pascoe (RAF) were also killed.
LAWSON, L.T. R58836. See Soles, D.E. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
LAWSON, W.C. J19672. Halifax aircraft # L 885 failed to return from a night trip to Aachen, Germany. Sgt. S.P. Beech was also killed. Four Canadians, Sgt.s Noel, Hooks, Minifield, and Fraser were taken Prisoners Of War.
LEA, S.A.W. R8556S. Whitley aircraft Z 9465 failed to return from operations. Sgt.s J.D. Quilter (RAF), F. Taylor (RAF), J.C. Caldwell (RAF), and FS. F. Oliver (RAF) were also killed.
LEAMAN, J.R. J24215. Lancaster aircraft LL 720 (EQ-R) was shot down in the sea during a night trip to Leipzig, Germany. F/L. E.S. Winn, F/O. J.R. Bonneville, P/O.s R.H. Wade, E. Dramnitzke, TS. N.H.H. Brown (USAAF), and Sgt. E.W. Bolt (RAF) were also killed.
LEATHERDALE, C.G. J19073. P/O. G. Elmy (RAF), FS. W.O’Neill (RAF), Sgt.s K. Gardiner (RAF), H. Donnelly (RAF), S. McConnell (RAF), and R. Karsman (RNZAF) were also killed.
LEBLANC, E.J. R77455. Sgt. H.W. Sampson (RNZAF) was also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
LEBLANC, J.M. R95511. Wellington aircraft HE 475 (KW-E) did not return to base. Four of the crew, Sgt.s P. Bujold (RCAF), W. Harris (RAF), W. Redding (RAAF), and P/O. H. Gray (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
LEBLANC, J.T.L. R174719. Five RAF members of the crew, P/O. E.B. Wilson, F/O. N.A. Marston, FS. J. Henderson, Sgt.s W.J. White, and G.H. Butler were also killed.
LEEDS, J.L 41716. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.W. Crooks, H.G. Gledhill, S.C. Grant, R.A. Jerritt, and A.C. Martin were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
LEETHER, G.R. R62661 is to be removed. It should be LEFEBVRE, G.R. R62661. LEETHER, G.R. is wrong. It should be LEFBVRE, G.R. FS. Lefbvre age at death was 35. Wellington aircraft Z 8525 (NP-H) failed to return from night bombing operations to Ostend, Belgium. FS. H.K. Bedwell (RAAF), Sgt.s J.E. Saunders (RAF), D.R. Freear (RAF), and H.R. Wakeford (RAF) wee also killed.
LEITCH, C.D. J88418. The aircraft went down south of The Needles, not south of Needles. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LENNOX, J. W. J16481. P/O. Lennox was from Toronto, Ontario not Ottawa. He was 22 years old at the time of death, not 21. Detail provided by J. Lennox, Newmarket, Ontario.
LENOVER, W.B. R83012. Hudson aircraft AM 598 was armed with 4 x 250 lb. bombs and was lost while attacking the German escort vessels that were escorting the German battleships, Schamhorst and Gneisenau, through the English Channel. F/L. L. Cowperthwaite M.i.D., F/O. J.E. Lister, and FS. N.J. Jones (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
LESSER, R. R117456. Sgt.s O.H. Hodges (RAF), L.A. Saunders, (RAAF), F/L. R. Carmichael (RAAF), F/O.s P.E. Henley (RAF), and R.T.J. Bilney (RAF) were also killed.
LEVEILLE, E.K. 40837. The aircraft was shot down near Mersa Matruh. not Mersa Metruk. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LEVY-DESPAS, G.A. J5044. F/O. Levy-Despas was attached to #603 Squadron, was flying Spitfire BP957 and was last seen diving after a JU Detail provided by P. McMillan, Berkshire, England.
LEWIS, J.M. J18274. Target – Peenem0nde, Gennany. Lancaster aircraft ED 661 crashed near Griefswald, Germany during this night bombing Op. P/O. R. Bradley and six RAF crew members, P/O.s H.R. Madgett D.F.M., S.G. Palk, F/O. F.D. Norton D.F.C., Sgt.s H. Robinson, A.W. Souter, and J.J. Wakefield were also killed.
LEWIS, T.L. J6639. The aircraft crashed at Dunsfold, not Dunsfolm. F/L. Lewis was from Princeton, British Columbia, not Victoria. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LINDEN, F. J. 425174. Sgt. Linden was 22 at date of death and his given names are Frederick John.
LINDSAY, F.D. R62370. Six RAF members of the crew, FS. J.S. Flockhart, Sgt.s J. Easting, S.D. England, J. Parris, N.H. Kortwright, and S/L. R.B. Harris were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
LINDSAY, J.D. J9555. Halifax aircraft W 7870 (ZA-G) failed to return from night operations to Kiel, Germany. FS.s F.J. Hogan, F.J. Dunajski, F/O. R.S. Braley, Sgt.s R. Gregg (RAF), AC. Girdlestone (RAF), and A.G. Langton (RAF) were also killed.
LININNING,. W. E J20858. Lininning is in error and all reference to that name is to be ignored. The correct spelling is Linning. F/O. Linning is buried in the Bretteville-Sur-Laize Canadian War Cemetery, Calvados France.
LINNING, W. E. J20858. F/O. Linning is buried in the Bretteville-Sur-Laize Canadian War Cemetery, Calvados France.
LINTON, L.T. J89726. Lancaster aircraft EE 126 (EM-A) was outward bound for an attack against Leipzig, Germany when it was picked up by searchlights and then attacked by a night fighter. Some of the crew jumped from the burning aircraft before it crashed West of Syke. Sgt. Sgt.s J.T. Morey (RAF) and S.P, Rogers (RAF) were also killed. Four RAF crew members, P/O. W.D. Jarvis, FS. S.T. Pearson, Sgt.s M.V. Askew and P.L. Paddock were all taken Prisoners Of War.
LINWOOD, W. R62095. The aircraft went into the sea off Lowestoft. Essex, not Sussex. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LISTER, J.E. J4706. Hudson aircraft AM 598 was armed with 4 x 250 lb. bombs and was lost while attacking the German escort vessels that were escorting the German battleships, Schamhorst and Gneisenau, through the English Channel. Sgt. W.B. Lenover, F/L. L. Cowperthwaite M.i.D., and FS. NJ. Jones (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
LITCHFIELD, R.F. J25734. Six RAAF members of the crew, P/O. D. Irving, FS.s S. King, J. Noske, N. Huggett, J. 8. Newman, W. Adam. and Sg killed.F. Phillips (RAF) were also killed.
LITTLE, G.J. J25849. F/L.s D.J. Brill (RAF), RE. Handley D.F.M. (RAF), Sgt.s J. Stone (RAF), H. Chappell (RAF), F/O.s N.G. McIntyre (RAAF), R. Butler (RAF), and FS. E.J. Battle (RAAF) were also killed.
LITTLE, P.C. J6854. The aircraft number was FH 346. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
LITTLE, S.W. J21422. Lancaster aircraft ND 816 was hit by flak and fell in the centre of the target, Aachen, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew F/L. J.P. Flynn, Sgt. W.C. Truman, P/O. G. Jones, Sgt.s A.W. Oram, B.W. Webb, and N.A. Rawlinson were also killed.
LONEY, W.J. J3706. Sgt.s J.L. Gilman, R.E. Bennett (RAF), E.J. Lowater (RAAF), and J. Taylor (RAF) were also killed. The aircraft crashed near Ipswich not Ipswick. Spelling correction by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LONG, A J R115692. Six RAF members of the crew, F/L. A.V. Collins, F/O.s E.E. Davies, G.T. Raymond, J.B. Blencowe, Sgt.s G.J. MacPherson, and J.G. Gowans were also killed. Detail from “we Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
LONG, C.R. J11238. Stirling aircraft BF 378 (LS-T) lost off Holland, presumed enemy action. F/O. B.V. Crawford (RNZAF), Sgt.s A.H. Borrell (RAAF), CJ. Wellesley (RAAF), K.S.K. Keeble (RAF), W.H. Macklin (RAF), and P/O. P.T. Howson (RAF) were also killed.
LONG, H.M. J21366. The seventh member of the crew was Tech. Sgt. R.J. Gile s/n 10601564//R157466. T/Sgt. Gile had enlisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba with his brother who both had dual citizenship with the U.S.A. After he joined #420 Squadron, Gile was transferred to the U.S.A.A.F. but continued to fly with his Canadian crew to finish their tour. Halifax bomber LW427 took off from Tholthorpe airdrome in a #6 Group raid to Schweinfurt, Germany on Feb. 24/44. As they flew over Germany they were shot down by an enemy fighter at 11 P.M. and crashed with a full bomb load near the village of Ostelheim, west of Stuttgart. Next morning an enemy crew arrived to get a report for the International Red Cross and ordered the mayor to bury them as terrorists in that bomb crater. Instead two bodies were placed in separate coffins and five in another. Contrary to orders, a solemn burial service was conducted at 5 P.M. Feb. 28th, attended by a large number of citizens. The translation of the original address given by the mayor follows: “My dear fellow citizens, at an unusual hour and under unusual circumstances, we are assembled here on our cemetery. Today, we meet not to mourn a fellow-villager or a near relation, but the first common grave has been opened in our cemetery for the crew of seven men of an enemy plane. “About the particulars of the deceased we know nothing as yet. What we know are but the names of an English or Canadian lieutenant Long and a sergeant-major Cranley. The former presumably wanted to get out by means of a parachute which did not open, the latter was rescued with danger to life out of the burnt up plane in an entirely unrecognizable state. Only two identification disks showing the names of a Can. Airman and John Gile were found. The names of the other three men are not known. “The crew with their load of bombs might easily have been fatal for our community if they bad been shed over our village. Easily a common grave might have been opened for our inhabitants. I know that many people here, and certainly the leadership, reject a Christian and humane burial, but the prevailing majority of us Ostelheimers affirm it. We ourselves have sons of our community in the front and can Sympathize with their parents, knowing how they would feel when they learn that their sons were done away with as terrorists. Such a burial, as it has actually been ordered, would not give us any satisfaction, “We are standing here before this grave with other feelings, it is true, than if they were our own people, but hatred certainly has to vanish in the face of Death. Every one of the deceased has father and mother, perhaps also wife and child in his native country, fretting in the same way as we do, for enemies by this action, but we simply act as Christians. If we would not act like this, we should not be a trifle better than those who know but hatred. “We have now surrendered the seven men of the crew to the earth in our cemetery, not entirely without feeling and emotion and even tears in the face of Death. But let us all be thankful in this our to our Lord that we have been spared from the charge of bombs, that very easily might have fallen on our village. “As the deceased probably were members of a Christian creed, a Christian burial shall be apportioned to them which is now to be undertaken by our parson the Reverend Helbling.” “Otto Gehring, Buergermeister.” Note-After this there was a prayer and an obituary with consecration of the deceased by Reverend Helbling. Many inhabitants, especially mothers, shed tears, probably in remembrance of their own sons. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
LONG, R. W. J18760. The name FS. A. W. Cowdey (RAF) is wrong. The correct name is FS. A.W. Gowdey (RAF). Detail provided by Louis H. Coleman, Canada
LONSDALE, R. 4122418. Stirling aircraft N 3755 crashed in England. F/O. Lonsdale was the only casualty. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
LORENZ, S.H. J95148. The aircraft crashed near Kings Lynn not Kinoslynn. Spelling correction by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LOVE, W.C. R125492. The crew of Liberator aircraft BZ 885 took off on an anti-sub patrol when the aircraft dived into the ground, shortly after take-off, at Sigeriya, Ceylon. WO.s A.E. Ferguson, G.M. Stockwell, E.C. Currie, R.W. MacDonald, F/O. K.F. Perera, F/O. D.G. Davie (RAF), and FS. D. Kirk (RAF) were all killed in the crash. The aircraft caught fire and the depth charges exploded.
LOWE, J.M. R86751. Lancaster aircraft R 5746 (VN-Q) lost during operations over Le Havre, France. P/O. D. Gray (RAAF), Sgt.s J. Bogard (RAF), T.W.S. Addison (RAAF), W.P. Taylor (RAF), G.B. McCloy (RAAF), and A.A. Waldie (RAF) were also killed.
LOWE, H. J23465. Sgt.s H.G. Boswell (RAF), H. Carr (RAF), L.H. Cartwright (RAF), and P/O. R.J. Richardson (RAAF) were also killed.
LOWTHER, R.W. J92029. Night mine-laying operations in Kiel Bay, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J.F. Brunton, J.N. Elliott, A. M. Geddes, W. Wigham, FS. E. Jeal, and F/O. G. Watson were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
LUCK, J. R105215. Lancaster aircraft JB 645 (PM-I) lost during night operations over Leipzig, Germany. Sgt.s W.L. Bradley (RAF), F.J. Taylor (RAF), E.W. Hamilton (RAF), F.G. Osborne (RAF), P/O. A. Stevens (RAF), and FS. T.F. Johnston (RAF) also killed.
LUNDBERG, S.T. J22989. The correct serial number is J22989, not H22989. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
LUTES, R.A.E. R90709. Beaufort aircraft L 9803 was on a night cross-country navigation exercise when the navigator trainee made the error of relying on the forecast wind direction instead of checking. With a changed wind direction and a lack of direction-finding checks, the aircraft flew off course, crashing into Ben More on the island of Mull, killing all the crew. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
LUTES, A.R. R99088. Five RAF members of the crew, WO. C.M. Colburn, Sgt.s W. Robinson, F. Oakley, A. Slack, and W.V. Gerrard were also killed.
LYLE, H.K J17894. The aircraft was last seen in the Kakoveg – Osnabrock area, not the Kakoveg – Osnabruk area. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MABEE, F.T. R156988. WO. G.E. Cooper, F/O. G. Korski, Sgt.s W.R. Wiseman (RAF), D.H. Skinner (RNZAF), J. Dunkley (RAF), A Cameron (RAF), F/O.s D.F. MacDonald (RAF), and R.H. Morgan (RAAF) were killed when Liberator aircraft # FL 911 went down west of Puttalam, Ceylon.
MABEE, G.F. J12562. Due to poor navigation the crew of Lancaster aircraft ED 469 (EA-A) got lost on the trip to Berlin, Germany. They were shot down over Hanover, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew Sgt.s R. W. Brown, W. Carr, J.A. Cross, J.G. Jewell, and A.S. McLaren were also killed.One RAF member of the crew, was seriously wounded and taken to a hospital in Hannover for treatment.
MACARTHUR, G.R. J91058. Lancaster aircraft ED 908 was shot down whilst leading an attack against a flying bomb site near Forget-Du-Croc, France. Sgt. J. Gresty (RAF), FS. E.W.R. Pratt (RAF), and S/L. J.B. Weightman DFC (RAF) were also killed. Four other RAF members of the crew, on loan from # 109 Squadron, S/L. J. Foulsham DFC, F/L.s G.B. Aungiers, J. Swarbrick DFC, and FS. T.C. Bower were also killed.
MACCAUSLAND, V.S. J15309. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L. Nichols, G. Yeo, W. Ibbotson, and FS. C. Roberts were also killed.
MACDONALD, A.S. R153012. Sgt.s T.G. Brady (RAF), J.A. Callaway (RAF), F. Matthews (RAF), and C. Johnson (RAF) were also killed.
MACDONALD, M.H.D. J7523. Target -Wamemonde, Gennany. Lancaster aircraft R 5557 (KM-G) was carrying 6 x 1,000 lb. bombs when it went missing. Seven RAF crew members, WO. P.O. Jones D.F.M., FS.s P.H. Thirkell D.F.M., C.H. Ship, A.H. Bolus, Sgt.s J.H. Miller, L.E. Evans, and J.C. Drennan were also killed.
MACDONALD, R. W. R85926. The crew of Liberator aircraft BZ 885 took off on an anti-sub patrol when the aircraft dived into the ground, shortly after take-off, at Sigeriya, Ceylon. WO.s AE. Ferguson, G.M. Stockwell, E.C. Currie, W.C. Love, F/O. K.F. Perera, F/O. D.G. Davie (RAF), and FS. D. Kirk (RAF) were all killed in the crash. The aircraft caught fire and the depth charges exploded.
MACDONELL, J.M. R71617. Sgt. MacDonell was killed when his Hurricane aircraft V 6962 flew into the side of a hill in bad visibility at Ettisgill Moor, Yorkshire, near High Force, Teesdale Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
MACDOUGALL, C.A. J22548. Changes to the crew list. P/O.s Burrow and McAusland were not part of this crew. Wellington aircraft # HE 392 (SE-L) missing during a night attack against Dusseldorf, Gennany. FS. E.S. Rheaume, WO. J.G. Breen, Sgt. J.R. Bell (RAF), and S/L. W.E. Mulford (RAF) were also killed.
MACDOUGALL, N. R76083. Four RAF members of the crew Sgt.s F.J. Keen, J.W. Williams, W.R. Payne, and P/0. G.E. Sheppard were also killed.
MACFARLANE, D.W. R88370. Halifax aircraft JB 837 (KD-D) was on a night operation to Dusseldorf, Germany when it was shot down by a night fighter. The aircraft exploded and the bulk of the wreckage fell near Koln, Germany. FS. J.F.R. Laurence, Sgt.s R. Lewis (RAF), W.R.L. Codd (RAF), J.H. Waterston (RAF), J.W. Richardson (RAF), and J. Kershaw (RAF) were also killed.
MACFARLANE, R.E. J86119. Lancaster aircraft LL 753/G (UM Z2) was shot down at Breuvery-sur-Coole, Mame, France during night ops. to Mailly Le Camp. France. P/O.s J.M.B. Liebscher, D.S. Jackson D.F.C. (RAF), P/0.s H.C. Riddle (RAF), R.H. Watts (RAAF), Sgt.s J.A.I. Sutton (RAF) and A.G. Brooks (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
MACGILLIVRAY, R.N. J19367. The aircraft crashed at Yardley Gobion, not Yardley, Gobin. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
MACISAAC, B.H. R124680. F/O. I.W. Hall (RNZAF) was also killed.
MACKENZIE, H.F. J85814. Lancaster aircraft LL 787 (WS Y) did not return from night operations over Mailly Le Camp. F/O. J.F. Ineson (RAF), P/O. L.C. Margetts (RAF), Sgt.s H.R. Warren (RAF), and J. Wilkinson (RAF) were also killed. F/O. T.L.N. Porteous (RAF) was taken Prisoner of War and Sgt. H.S. Chappell(RAF) escaped. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
MACLENNAN, N.D. J3735. Sgt.s R.M. Roberts (RAF) and D.C. Taylor (RAF) were also killed.
MACLEOD, J.M. J92030. Sgt. W. Shorten (RAF) was also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
MACLEOD, J.M. C4169. Nursing Sister MacLeod was from Kirkland Lake, Ontario, not from Fox Brook.
MACMILLAN, D.J. J12160. F/O.s D. Coales (RAF) and D.S. Gooderham (RAF) were also killed.
MACMILLAN, W.J. R209012. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E. Kerwin, G.E. Bailey, J. Ferguson, P/O. J. Birnie, and FS. D.L. Jones were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
MACNUTT, G.F. R72754. See Knight M. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
MACPHIE, H.D. R76041. MACPHEE wrong surname. MACPHIE is correct. FS. MacPhie was from Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Air-sea rescue did not find FS. MacPhie. The remainder of the infonnation under MacPhee, H.D. is correct for MacPhie, H.D.
MADEN, E.K. R135967. The Hudson and its crew were lost when a ditching attempt off Oa, Islay failed. F/O. AR. MacDonald (RAF) and FS. R.H.R. Morton (RAAF) were also killed. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
MAHER, J. F. 798638. The complete crew has been identified, the names can be found under J.G. Stuckless in this addendum.
MAJOR, J.J. R88693. AC.2 D.F. Armstrong (RAF), AC.2 W. Inglis (RAF), and P/O. J. Woods (RAF) were also killed.
MAKAREWICZ, J.J. R97584. WO. Makarewicz was from Saginaw, Michigan, not Sagina, Michegan. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MANDERS, R.E. J5084. P/O. D.A. Cook (RAF) was also killed ..
MANDIN, E.F.B. R75471. Wellingon aircraft X 3725 missing since take-off for Ops. to Essen, Germany. F/O. W.D. Love (RAAF) and three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R.D. Procter, L.C. Gray, and L. Dent were also killed.
MANN, D. R79067. The aircraft squadron number was NP-F. The complete crew list as follows, Sgt.s I.K. Crawford, J.E. Lavigne, H.I. Goodwill (RAF), P.F.E. Newman (RAF), and FS. R.. Owen (RAF) were also killed. Sgt S. Llewellyn (RAF) died of his injuries on Jan.15/43. Sgt. P.S. Skinner (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
MANSON, D.H. J85487. Lancaster aircraft NE 169 failed to return from a night attack against a flying bomb site near Wizernes, France. F/O.s J.W. Stapelton, E.A Salomaa and four RAF members of the crew Sgt.s J. Greeves, D. Eggleston, WO. E.G. Smith DFM, and FS. A Fretwell were also killed.
MARCHANT, J.E. R61972. P/O. A.J. Coleman (RAAF), FS. V.N.W. Turner (RNZAF), and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s D.M. Moore, C.P. Matthews, C.R.W. Jones, and FS. L.G.K. Lock were also killed.
MARKS, W.D. J12984. The aircraft squadron letters were PT-S, Sgt. W.G. Goode (RAF), F/O. E.J. Stanton (RAF), and P/O. F, Noon (RAF) were also killed.
MARSHALL, D.C. R92466. Aircraft W 4371 missing during a sea mining mission in the St. Peter’s Head area. Three RAF members of the crew Sgt.s S.V. Ramsay, G.D. Hester, W.D. Dorey, and FS. R.H. Cripps (RAAF) were also killed. Detail provided by J.M. Proven, Onanole, Manitoba.
MARSHALL, F.A. J95597. Aircraft No. was JX 435 not JX 334. The aircraft crashed at Cocos Island whilst trying to land. WO. E.J. Freeman, FS.s E.W.G. Denmark, E.G. Spearing and D.J.J. Paramore, all RAF, were also killed. Two other RAF crew members, FS.s G. Sims and E. Benn survived the crash but died of injuries received. Two passengers from 684 Squadron, Cpl. F. Howarth (RAF) and Lac.E.H.J. Butler (RAF) were also killed. Two RAF crew members, FS.s Bob Short and Jim Mitchell, were injured but survived and a third passenger, RAF LAC Peter Collet suffered minor injuries and remained to serve with 684 Squadron on the island. A memorial and a Book of Remembrance is located at Cocos Island with the names of those killed listed in the book. The book is inscribed “IN GODS KEEPING UNTIL THE SEA GIVES UP HER DEAD”. Detail provided by H. Widdup, New Zealand.
MARSHALL, W. R92517. The reference to please see P/O. W.A. Tees should read F/O. W.A. Tees.
MARSHALL, W.J. R97947. RAF members of the crew were Sgt.s J.T. Smith and H. Taylor. Correct spelling is: Ostend not Ostende, West Flanders not Flander. Spelling correction by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MARTIN, C.M. R64471. Whitley aircraft Z 6555 failed to return from night bombing ops. to Hamm, Germany. P/O. H.H. Mountain (RAF), Sgt.s O.W. McLean (RAAF), K. Noddle (RAF), and L. Byrne (RAF) were also killed.
MARTIN, J.R. R165286. W. McAdie (RAF), V. Mandy (RAF), S.J. Lunn (RAF), FS.s R.J. Ayers (RAAF), and C.W. Corkill (RAAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” -A Lovett
MARTIN, L.G. R182617. Sgt. R.V. Bailey (RAF) was also killed.
MARYNOWSKI, M.E. J22410. F/O. R.S. Clark died in hospital on December 21, 1943 not March, 1943. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
MASKILL, D.J. R67931. Wellington aircraft # Z 1563 (KO-G) was on a training exercise when the aircraft encountered severe icing conditions. The aircraft crashed at the aerodrome at Marham. Five RAF crew members, FS. S.C. Lester, Sgt.s R.F. Bishop, D.H. Faith, S.A Orford, and R.M. Shaw were also killed.
MASUR, D.S. J15164. Stirling aircraft # BF 327 (LS-D) missing over enemy-held territory. Six RAF members of the crew, P/O.s J.R. Thornton, J.W. Frazer, Sgt.s E.W. Margetts, H. Clegg, and W.R. Hopkins were also killed.
MATHER, D.S. R54288. See Hegarty, H.F. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
MATHESON, A.M. J85929. Lancaster aircraft # ME 589 (UM-D2) failed to return from a night trip to Leipzig, Germany and is believed to have crashed in the sea off the Frisian Islands. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s H. Dunn, H. Cook, A.W. Mitton, M. Latham, G.H. Bodycot, and TJ. Pullman were also killed.
MATHESON, RJ. J20179. P/O. R.A. Davis (RAAF), Sgt.s SJ. Cooke (RAF), and E.F. Keen (RAF) were also killed. One of the crew, not Canadian, missing.
MATTHEWS, R.H. J90023. The correct “R” serial number is R141324. This crew was lost while making the customary air test prior to operations. Those killed, including P/O. Matthews were; 1st/Lt D.B. Bleser (USAAF), Sgt.s J. Moakes (RAF), H. Westell (RAF), and H.R. Taylor (RAF). Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
MAUGHAN, H.F. J18315. RAF crew members. FS. G.C. Carrington, F/L. T.R. Dobson, Sgt.s D.W. Kemp, AA. McGregor, and K. Merricks were also killed.
MAUNDER, C.L. J18269. Target – Rostock, Germany. Stirling aircraft BF 442 (WP-K) missing presumed over enemy target, presumed enemy action. FS. C. McKerns, P/O. R.F. Elliott (RNZAF) and four RAF members of the crew, Sgts. B.L. Neal, C.B Barrott, A. Chadwick, and N.L. Fauvel were also killed.
MAVILLE, J.A. R53901. Wellington aircraft N 2745 (WS-O) missing from night operations to Koln, Germany. Sgt. G.E. Heaysman (RAF) was also killed. Four other RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
MAVOR, G.J. R56873. Wellington aircraft N 2745 (WS-O) missing from night operations to Koln, Germany. Sgt. G.E. Heaysman (RAF) was also killed. Four other RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
MAW, A.D. J19452. Halifax aircraft LW647 was shot down forty miles north-east of Frankfurt, Germany at Neider Moss, Germany, during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. P/O. A. H. Death, F/O. G.C. Greenacre (RAF), F/O. A. Thorpe (RAF), and FS. A. S. Amell (RAF) were also killed. P/O. A. Monk (RAF) and Sgt. J. A. Henthorn (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War. This was one of 108 Allied aircraft lost this night.
MAY, J. J86759. The aircraft squadron letters were PF-F. The aircraft crashed 15 km NW of Apeldoorn at Elspeet, Holland.
MCALLISTER, J.C. J21004. The aircraft crashed at Heesch, Holland, not Heesche, Holland. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MCCALLUM, A.A. R214657. Correction to the aircraft number and the crew list. Lancaster aircraft ND 411 (PM J) missing from a night trip to Mailly Le Camp, France. Sgt. F.C. Hoxford, FS. C.S. Gay (RAAf), P/O. J.E. Holden (RAF), Sgt.s J.E. Moore (RAF), T.W. Sykes (RAF), and R.A. Wilson (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
MCCARDLE, F.G. R115429. Sgt.s L.R. Bray, S.J. Briffett, R.C. Burt, E.W. Cox, R.A. McLaren, and F/O. W.A. Rogers all RAF were also killed.
MCCLEARY, G. F. J20104. F/O. J.H. Davie (RAAF) and six RAF members of the crew, FS. G.B. Fielder, Sgt.s H. Owen, E.N. Bird, S.J. Greer, F/O. J.S. Clements, and P/O. D.M. Weddell were also killed.
MCCREARY, J.D. J89471. This is the corrected crew list. Sgt.s R. Byth (RAF), A Cooke (RAF), E.R.W. Pond (RAF), FS.s S. Frith (RAF), and F. Gregory (RAF) were also killed. One Canadian, FS. C.G.E. MacDonald was taken Prisoner Of War.
MCCRUM, C.J. R54357. See Hegarty, H.F. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
MCCUAIG, E.S. R132649. The aircraft was in a mid-air collision near RAF Station Hawkinge, not RAF Station Hawkhinge. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MCCULLOUGH, E.E. J8762. F/L. McCullough was from Kenville, not Kemville. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MCDENNON, T.R. R162261. The crew of Liberator aircraft BZ 945 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol over the Bay of Biscay, believed lost to enemy action whilst attacking an enemy U-boat. The last signal indicated they were investigating a contact thought to be an enemy submarine. FS.s Wilfred A. Hallett, C.R. Newell, F/O. E.J. Hagen, and seven of the crew, not Canadians, were also killed.
MCDONALD, D. R73761. Sgt. W.R. Hamilton was taken Prisoner of War not Sgt. A.K. Hamilton. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
MCDONALD, D.F. R93881. The aircraft shot down at Monchen-Gladbach, Germany during an op to Bochum, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L.P. Barnett, J.J. Ryan, W. McCall, and D.E. Sharpe were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
MCDONALD, G. 798529. Liberator aircraft PK 239 failed to return from operations. P/O. J.A. Kidd, WO. B. Winter and five RAF members of the crew F/O.s J.W. Campbell, W.A. Calder, Sgt.s L. Bambridge, R.W. Harrison, and H. Willcock were also killed.
MCDONALD, GE. R73542. Target – Kiel, Germany. Halifax aircraft DT 686 (MH-N) was shot down at Brockstadt, Germany during operations over enemy territory. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s S.G. Adams, FA. Austin, W. Fleming, J.K.B. Veal, W. Woosnam, and F/L. A.A. Emery D.F.M. were also killed.
MCDOWELL, J. R101749. The five RAF members of the crew who were also killed were, Sgt.s A. Taylor, T. Wilkinson, C. Jarvie, F/O. J. Warner, and P/O. A. Whitaker .
MCFADDEN, R.J.J. J88350. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft MZ 748-A went down. F/O A.H. Dowd was an evader, Sgt. A. Manstoff (RAF) was an evader, FS.s F.A Giles (RAF) and J. W. Hargreaves (RAF) were taken Prisoners of War. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
MCGAVOK, J.J. J17116. P/O. McGavock was awarded the D.F.C. on June 3, 1943 while serving with #420 Squadron. He had trained in Canada at #2 ITS., #14 EFTS., and #10 SFTS. The citation reads, quote: This officer has taken part in numerous attacks against all types of enemy targets including such heavily defended areas as Hamburg, Mannheim, Essen and Cologne. He has also participated in several mine-laying operations. Pilot Officer McGavock’s quiet determination to complete his allotted tasks, regardless of adverse weather or enemy opposition, has proved him to be an outstanding captain of aircraft who inspires the utmost confidence in his crew; unquote. He was killed when his Lancaster aircraft # DS 615 crashed at RCAF Station, Topcliffe, Yorkshire. F/O. T.E. Major, FS. R.T. Welch, and Sgt. K. Forster (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
MCGEE, L.E. R89530. Hampden aircraft AN 153 (GX-B) was shot down by ship’s flak off the Dutch coast during a night anti-shipping strike. WO.s G.B. Jackson, E.J. Ramey, and F/O. L.G. Burgess (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by Errol Martyn, New Zealand.
MCGEE, T.B. R69352. Four RAF crew members, Sgt. G.G. Scott, J.E. Millar, C.E. Hughes, and P/O. R.T. Meek were also killed. Sgt. Scott was a Canadian serving in the RAF.
MCGlLLIVRA Y, D.R. J24978. F/O. McGillivray was 29 years old at the time of his death. Four RAF members of the crew, FS.s J.B. Walker, A. Ahearne, F/O.s G. Dixon, and E.M. Hales were also killed.
MCGOLRICK, G.G. J35649. Correct spelling is Grantham not Gantham. Spelling correction by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MCGUFFIN, W.C. J15712. Aircraft squadron letters were VR-F and Sgt. J. Mallabone (RAF) was also killed.
MCGUGAN, F.R. J3716. Sherbourg, France should be Cherbourg, France.
MCINNES, J.E. J88856. Six RAF members of the crew, F/L. A. Cook, P/O. C. Minchin, Sgt. K. Summerscale, WO.s R Timperley, B. Salt, and FS. R. Bayley were also killed.
MCINNIS, D.W. R126371. F/O. C.W. Foster (RAF), FS.s A. Fieldhouse (RAF), W.F. Garrod (RAF), F/L.s J. Rintoul (RAF), and E.M.C. Guest (RAF) were also killed.
MCINTOSH, G. J86916. The correct spelling is Avondale not Avondal. Spelling correction by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MCINTYRE, J. D. R131704. The reference to please see FS. O.G. Clark should read WO. G.G. Clark.
MCINTYRE, J.J. R63936. Hampden aircraft AE 232 failed to return from a night bombing operation to Hamburg, Germany. Three RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War. FS. McIntyre was the only casualty.
MCIVER, J.C. J17374. Liberator aircraft EV 895 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol off Iceland. WO.s H.A. Stephen, J.G. Chamberlin and seven RAF members of the crew, F/L. W.G. Payne, Sgt. J. Bassett, FS.s G.H. Cockburn, A. Palmer, K.J. Spackman, L.A. Windress, and WO. R.A. Scott were also killed.
MCIVOR, J J89043. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft .LL 239-A went missing. The other members of the crew who were also killed were all RAF, they were Sgt.s F.L. Bones, J.L.P. Taylor, and FS. J.C. Dalzell. Other RAF members, FS. R.A. East, Sgt.s A.P. Burch and L.C.R. Huggett, were taken Prisoners of War. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
MCKAY, H.R. R180114. Lancaster aircraft ND 470 (MG-S) was enroute to Leipzig when it was attacked by a German night fighter. The Lancaster exploded throwing S/L. F.B. Curtis (RAF) and FS. R.F. Jordan (RAF) clear of the aircraft, they parachuted to safety and were taken Prisoners Of War. FS. E.A. Howe (RAF), P/O. A.O. Johnson (RAF), F/L. C. Bush D.F.C. (RAF), S/L. T.R. Nixon D.F.C.,D.F.M. (RAF), Sgt. K.F. Scammell (RAF), and WO. H.R. McKay were all killed.
MCKAY, M.R. J38401. FS. J.H. McGuigan (RAAF), and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s G.A. Maclennan, P. Lipp, P.F.C. Jackson, FS. R.E. Wilkins, and F/O. R. Gluer were also killed.
MCKEE, N.E. R74368. WO. McKee was from Beamsville, not Beansville. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MCKEITH, AB. R81410. The aircraft crashed and burned at Locking, not Looking. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
MCKENNA, J.A. R188704. Sgt. E.J.C. Porter (RAF) were also killed. Two Canadians, P/O. W.C. Drumm, WO. AM. Wilson, and Sgt. R.T. Cox (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
MCKEOWN, K.C. J95380. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft NP 967-N was shot down. F/O.s W.T. Brennan, K. W. Joy, Sgt.s J.W. Talbot (RAAF), W. Haile (RAF), and A Robinson (RAF) were taken Prisoners of War. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
MCKIM, C.W. R88380. He was going to bail out west of Le Touquet, France, not Le Tourquit, France. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MCKINNON, G.F. R62913. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft JD 321-G went down, The RAF members of this crew who were also killed were Sgt.s R. V. Woods, G.H.C. Wade, W. Shaw, T.R. Oxley, P.H. Potter, FS. R. Walton, and P/O R.J. Jones. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
MCKINNON, W.G. R81478. Halifax aircraft R 9459 (DY-L) crashed in Holland during Ops. over enemy-held territory. FS.s S.R. Lupton, R.S. Tadman D.F.C. (RAF), Sgt.s N.C. Hain (RAAF), A.S.C. Ellis (RAF), J. Colville (RAF), and F.A. Frost (RAF) were also killed.
MCLAREN, R.D. 73003. Corrected information. Mosquito aircraft HS731 lost whilst on ops to Mainz Bay. The navigator survived. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
MCLEAN, D.G. J9506. P/O. McLean was assigned to #14 Operational Training Unit, not# 14 Group. Hampden aircraft # P 1185 (GL-B2) went down near Leffinghem, Holland whilst on Ops. to Dusseldorf, Germany. FS. G.T. Bloomer and Sgt. S.A. Shailer (RAAF) were also killed. Sgt. N.E. McGowan (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
MCLEOD, D.H. R128853. The reference to please see FS. K.W. McLean should read FS. K.H. McLean.
MCLEOD, R.E. J3522. Correct spelling is Blackbum Shark not Skark. Spelling correction by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MCMILLAN; G.A R79669. One RAF member of the crew, Sg W.H.D. Alison was right behind Klein but was killed. Four Canadians, Sgt.s W.J. Klein, W.J. Howell, A. Wallace, and P/O. H. Enever were taken Prisoners Of War. There was no Sgt. H.G. Bees on this crew.
MCMILLIN, J.P. J8437. Lancaster aircraft LM 327 (OF-B) was returning from a night raid to Elberfield, Germany when it was hit by anti-aircraft fire. The aircraft disintegrated and crashed into a building at Gelsenkirchen, Germany, Six RAF members of the crew, F/L. J.L. Moore, Sgt.s L.L. Davis, J.W. Darroch, FS.s R.A. Kerckhove, A. Tomlinson, and P/O. W.J. Stephen D.F.M. were also killed. Detail provided by A. Warren, Devon, UK.
MCMULLIN, C.R. R82882. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.R. Fairfield, B.D. Allen, and T.A. West were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
MCNAUGHTON, I.G.A. C1482. Target – Emden, Germany. Sgt J.R. Dryden (RAF) was also killed.
MCNAY, I.R. R167091. FS.s E. Thomas (RAF), E. H. Traeger (RAAF), A. H. Wilson (RAAF), Sgt.s D. Addy (RAF), D. R. Billson (RAF), and R. Collier (RAF) were also killed.
MCNIE, D.C. J92166. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt. H. Bowden, FS.s E.A. Rex, P. Turner, J.R. Ramsay, and F/O. E.J. Mortis were also killed. One of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War.
MCPHEE, A.J. R75116. Target – Duisburg, Germany. The pilot of Lancaster aircraft R 5558 (OF-T) made a crash landing in the sea four miles east of Wells, Norfolk. F/O.s J.T. Blease (RNZAF), L.A. Davies (RAAF}, and four RAF members of the crew, FS. J. Tates, Sgt.s C.G. Leitch, and B. Earnshaw were also killed, Sgt. L. Robinson died of his injuries later the same day.
MCPHERSON, M.L. J89285. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E.J. Fancy, D. Randle, FS.s J.L. Shell, and J.D. Mayger were also killed.
MCQUADE, W.J. R69567. Target – Calais, France. Hampden aircraft # X 2917 (KM-R) encountered bad weather and crashed near Marham, Norfolk, England. Three RAF members of the crew, FS. S.D. Yeomans, Sgt.s C.S. Bradbury, and D.H. Howe were also killed.
MCRAE, R.H. R79574. The reference to please see FS. J.W. Brown should read Sgt. J.W. Brown.
MCWADE, J.R. J89887. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.C. Pallett, F. Cartwright, J. Dickinson, E.R. Searles, and FS. J. Hodgins were also killed. One crew member survived. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
MCWILLIAMS, F.C. J16798. He was lost to enemy action near Le Touquet, France, not Le Toquet, France.Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MELNICK, N. J21183. Correct spelling of St. Catharines, not St. Catherines. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MERCER,F.F. R65132. Liberator aircraft BZ 753 was on an anti-sub patrol when the crew signaled they were being attacked by enemy aircraft. F/O.s D.B. Stewart, C.W. Foster (RAF), FS.s D.W. Mcinnis, A. Fieldhouse (RAF), W.F. Garrod (RAF), F/L.s J. Rintoul (RAF), and E.M.C. Guest (RAF) were also killed.
MERRITT, J.P. J85569. P/O. Merritt was killed when his Lancaster aircraft ND 767 was in a mid-air collision with a 427 Squadron aircraft LV923, during operations over Nuremberg, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew of ND 767, Sgt.s R.J. Asplen, G.R. Collins, J. Coup, H.F. Page, FS. C. Schmidt (RAAF), and P/O. E. Pickin were also killed.
MERRITT, E.M. J16457. Target – Stuttgart, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, P/O. T.G. Ogle, FS. W. Stephen, Sgt.s H. Walters, L. Jones, D. Lenahan, and V.J. Upson were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
METCALFE, M.R.E. R104383. FS. Metcalfe was 19 years old at time of death not 29. Detail provided by D. Stallard, Nova Scotia
MIEYETTE, L. R107619. Lancaster aircraft JA 898 (KC-X) was shot down thirteen miles north of Munster, Germany, at Laddergen, Germany during secret night operations. F/O. G.H. Coles, and five RAF members, F/L. H. Wilson, P/O. T. Johnson, F/O. J. Rodger, FS. T. Payne, and Sgt. C. Knox were also killed.
MILLER, H.H. J4697. Hampden aircraft AT 134 (PT-K) failed to return from a daylight bombing operation. S/L. G.L. Harris (RAF), FS. A.H. Brunt (RAF), and Sgt. P.V. Rothery (RAF) were also killed.
MILLER, J. A. J22506. P/O.s F.G. Grey (RAAF), S.T. Wells A.A.M. (RAF), FS.s J.R. Weaver (RAF), and R.H. Henry (RAF) were also killed.
MILLER, V.H. R83141. It was P/O. Jerry MacKay and F/L. Keltie who were also involved, not P/O. McKay nor F/L. Keltrie. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MILLIKEN, D.W. R139843. P/O.s F.J. Baker, A.1. Salvage, FS. M. Hampson. Sgt.s. R.J. Edwards, and W.W.B. Hamilton all RAF, were also killed.
MILN, R.L. R85688. LAC Miln was from Beamsville and is buried at Beamsville, not Beansville. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MILNE, C.S. R87685. Sgt. Milne was the only casualty, the RAF pilot was injured.
MILNE, D.S. J13068. Wellington aircraft HZ 520 (AL-Z) missing during night operations to Krefeld, Germany, presumed enemy action. FS. H.V. Holmes (RAF) was also killed. Three RAF members of the crew, FS. E. Eames, F/O. E. Lapham. and Sg W. Wright were all taken Prisoners Of War.
MILOT, J.N.G. R79200. See Thibault, L.J.L. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
MILWARD, L.V. J85866. Halifax aircraft HX 272 was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft and crashed near Buttenham, Germany during night operations, an attack against Nuremberg. Germany. P/O. D.M. Awrey DFC, WO. W.F. Rost, Sg J.S. Thompson (RAF), and P/O. C.W. Panton (RAF) were also killed. Three Canadians, P/O. C.M. Nielsen, WO.s Cooper, and R.C. McLaughlin were taken Prisoners Of War.
MIREAU, A.O. R87341. Sgt. Mireau was with 78 Squadron not 10 Squadron. Halifax aircraft W 1143 (EF-Y) was carrying incendiary and general purpose bombs and failed to return from Ops. to Essen, Germany. F/O. J.R. Ganderton (RNZAF), P/O. H.G. Clothier (RNZAF), FS.s T.A. Morris (RAF), J.S. Clapham (RAF), and Sgt. J. Simpson (RAF) were also killed. One RAF crew member was taken Prisoner Of War.
MISON, F.C. R141725. Proctor aircraft HM 305 was engaged on a wireless telegraphy exercise when it collided with Proctor aircraft HM 321. HM 305 plunged down and struck the mountainside high above Upper Cathedine farm. The other airman killed was a French cadet. HM 321 returned safely to base at R.A.F. Madley. Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
MITCHELL, H.O. R171550. Aircraft crashed at Little Rollright, not Little Roll. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
MITCHELL, K.O. J19123. The aircraft crashed at the Viaduct, not the Via Duct. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MITCHELL, N.R. R77146. Sgt.s E.A. Berrett (RAF), W.D. Pierce (RAAF), R.P. Dobson (RAAF), and F/O. J. Lowrie (RNZAF) were also killed.
MIX. R.D. J17075. Lancaster aircraft W 4898 failed to return from a mine laying operation in the Baltic Sea, presumed enemy action. WO.s F.G. Moore, M.D.B. Collenette D.F.M. (RAF), Sgt.s 1. Norman (RAF), AW. Bond (RAF), P/O.s LR. Robertson (RAAF), and N.R. Gyles (RAAF) were also killed.
MOEN, R.O. J22034. Correct spelling is coupe top not coup top. Spelling correction by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MOFFATT, C.M. R105883. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L.P. Fallon, W.E. Akrill, L.G. Collings, and C.J.J.W. Lamb were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
MOGALKI, R.E. R155573. WO. Mogalki was not on his 34th operation, he was getting experience and was 2nd pilot “Second Dickie” on this trip. Halifax aircraft LW 696 was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft near Daubhausen, Germany during night operations against Nuremberg, Germany. F/O. R.K. Thomson, S/L. K.A. Clack D.F.M. (RAF), P/O. D.H. Edwards (RAF), F/O. D.C. Nowell DFM (RAF), Sgt. L.W.A. Peall (RAF), and FS. KJ. Shropshall (RAF) were also killed, Sgt. B. Edwards (RAF) taken Prisoner Of War.
MOLLER. H. L. J92035. The reference to please see Hitchock G.E. should read Hitchcock G.E.
MONK, W.G. J17258. Stirling aircraft BF 346 (WP-G) was on a minelaying mission. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s B.H. Reeve, N. Marshall, L. Hainin, K.G. Home, and P/O. G.F. Heathcote-Peirson were also killed.
MONTEITH, J.C. J16396. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s C.N. Goodchild. E.W. Oxenbridge, J.L. Richardson, B.W. Willbourn, P/O J.G. Ethelston, and F/L. P. Brennan were also killed.
MONTGOMERY, F.C. J28240. Target was Hamburg not Hornberg. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R.I. Lewis, J. Spencer, E.A. O’Connor, F/L. A.L. Smith, FS.s F.D. Brandon. and J.J. Chigwidden (RAAF), and were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
MOORE, F. G. R119531. Lancaster aircraft W 4898 failed to return from a mine laying operation in the Baltic Sea, presumed enemy action. P/O.s R.D. Mix. LR. Robertson
(RAAF), N.R. Gyles (RAAF), WO. M.D.B. Collenette D.F.M. (RAF), Sgt.s J. Norman (RAF), and A.W. Bond (RAF), were also killed.
MOORE, G.N. R69232. Three RAF crew members, FS. D.G. Stanley, Sgt.s H. Cliffe, and A.R. Clouston were also killed.
MORAN, T.J. J92130. Lancaster aircraft ME 633 (EM-Y) failed to return from operations over Leipzig, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, P/O. J.J.R. Clark, FS. C.H. Maxted. Sgt.s N. Docherty, B.H.J. Baldwin, D.C. Everett, and H.C. Parker were also killed.
MORELLY, M.L. R80811. Stirling aircraft R 9318 (LS-J) failed to return from operations, presumed enemy action. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgts S.H. Atkinson, J.C. Kent, AW. Kendall, P/O.s I.D. Ferguson, B.L. Walker, and J.W. Brown were also killed.
MOREY, W. R120226. Target – Duisburg, Germany. Stirling aircraft BF 523 (WP-G) was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft and crashed in Holland. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E.W. Eke, C. Green, AJ. Buxton, R.S. Shaw, W. Murray, and B.A. Bacon were also killed.
MORIN, R.W. R92143. Three RAF crew members, Sgt:s D.M. Sellars, A.J. Kemp. and D.H. Jones were also killed.
MORLEY,C.R. R69579. Hampden aircraft AE 239 was lost over the North Sea during a night bombing op. to Dusseldorf, Germany. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J. Flint, J.G. Armstrong, and S.C. Edwards were also killed.
MORRIS, G.T. R79504. Wellington aircraft BJ 583 lost whilst laying mines off Heligoland. FS.s P.E. Howe, A.J. Gerein, P/O. A.A. Angel (RAF), and Sgt. R.M. Wilkinson (RAF) were also killed.
MORRIS, T.H. J88860. Five RAF members of the crew, F/L. R.G. Armstrong D.F.C., Sgt.s D.J. Cooper, D.E. Endean, S.F. Foster, and FS. R.G. Osborne were also killed.
MORRITT, J.B. J88110. Sgt.s I.A. Pretswell (RAF), and R.W. Richardson (RAF) were also killed. Three of the crew, not Canadians, missing.
MOSS, D. R69580. The aircraft was probably shot down by German Coastal batteries. FS. Moss was recommended for the Distinguished Flying Medal but the award was not promulgated until a year later. The citation reads: “This airman has completed many sorties including low flying attacks on enemy shipping. On one occasion, in spite of heavy opposition fire, he attacked a merchant ship from mast height. On another occasion, whilst pressing home a determined attack on an enemy vessel, his aircraft sustained much damage. Despite this he skillfully flew it to base where he effected a masterly landing. Throughout his operational career this airman has displayed great initiative, courage and dash.” Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
MOTZ R.B. J9878. The correct spelling is St. Nazaire, not St. Nazair. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MOUCHET, M.R.N. J85366. Lancaster aircraft ND 562 was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. P/O. J.E. McInnes and six RAF members of the crew, F/L. A. Cook, P/O. C. Minchin, Sgt. K. Summerscale, WO.s R Timperley, B. Salt, and FS. R. Bayley were also Killed.
MOULD, G.C. R143768. Halifax aircraft LL 179 was shot down then crashed and blew up at Muckendorf, Germany during night operations against Berlin, Germany. P/O. P.R. Dack, Sgt.s J.A. McKenna and E.J.C. Porter (RAF) were also killed. Two Canadians, P/O. W.C. Drumm, WO. A.M. Wilson, and Sgt. R.T. Cox (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
MOULDS, S.I.C. R56225. Whitley aircraft Z 6944 (GE-R) failed to return from bombing operations to Stettin, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J.E. Home, J.R. Vaissey, C.B. McMullan, and P/O. I.A. Atchison were also killed.
MUCKLE, S.J. R85568. FS. Muckle was the lone occupant of Tiger Moth 4322. LAC.s Willett and Waltham were killed in Tiger Moth 4372. Detail provided by F. McFee, Regina, SK.
MUIR, A.J. J19122. FS. J.H. Barton (RNZAF), P/O. C.R. Marriott (RNZAF), Sgt.s R.S. Hollingum (RAF), WA Palmer (RAF}, and C.R. Todd (RAF) were also killed.
MULLINS, J. D. P/O(P) J7067. P/O. Mullins was injured on April 1, 1942 not 1944. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MUNRO, J. R97063. The two other airmen killed in the crash were P/O.s J.S. Newcombe (RNZAF) and JAC. Watts (RAF). Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
MUNRO, J.F. J17499. Five RAF members of the crew, FS.s W.G. Waller, J.N. Underwood, R.S. Bennett D.F.M., F/L.s A.J.W. Silk D.F.M., and F.P. Burbridge D.F.C. were also killed.
MUNSON, L.A. R73269. Sussex is in Kings County, New Brunswick. P/O. J. Cohen (RAAF) and six RAF members of the crew Sgt.s F.B. Loss, F.E. Naylor, A.J.N. Owen, F/O. T.R. Pallet, FS.s F. Sommerville, and H. Deeny were also killed.
MURDOCK, R.E. R100833. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W. Blackie, R.W. Stevenson, F/O.s C.A. Johnson, J.N. MacKenzie, and P/O. AJ. Fitchett were also killed.
MURPHY, N.P. J19712. The correct serial number is J19712, not J35736. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MURPHY, W.A. R75144. Target – Emden, Germany. P/O. D.B. Bailey (RAF), Sgt.s A.J. Pratley (RAF), and E.C. Reynolds (RAF) were also killed.
MURPHY, W.L. J15166. F/O. Murphy was from Kingston, not Wingston. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MURPHY, W.J.B. J28935. Lancaster aircraft ME 851 (PO-B) missing during a night raid against the Marshalling Yards at Nevers, France. Five RAAF crew members, F/O. J.A. Ewen, FS.s A.H. Jenkins, D.A. Paterson, W. Paul, P/O. W.H.E. Wright, and Sgt. E. Goode (RAF) were also killed.
MURRAY, R.M R68488. The aircraft crashed near Grimsby, Lincolnshire, not Brimsby. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
MURRAY, K.D. R157619. Additional crew information. P/O. L.R. Cates (RAF) and Sgt. J. Watson (RAF) were also killed.
MURRAY, J.K. J86549. P/O. Murray was from Stevens, Ontario, not from Winnipeg. Germany. F/L. A.O. McConnell D.F.C. (RNZAF), and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E.W. Webb, J.E. Legg, A. T. Paget, and J.M. McKay were also killed.
MYERS, H.L. J5331. Target – Numberg, Germany. Wellington aircraft R 1757 crashed, during operations, near Nord-Oost-Poldcr, Holland. FS. W.H.S. Byers, Sgt. P.F.M. Cooke (RNZAF), Sgt. AW. Jeffries (RAF), and Sgt. W.C. Wood (RAF) were also killed. P/O. L. Rickard (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
MYNARSKI, A.C. J87544. MYNARSKI, PO Andrew Charles (J87544) – Victoria Cross – No.419 Squadron – Awarded as per London Gazette dated 11 October 1946 and AFRO 1042/46 dated 1 November 1946. Born in Winnipeg, 1916; home there (fabric cutter); enlisted there 29 September 1941. Trained at No.3 BGS (graduated 18 December 1942). Presented by AOC, No.2 Air Command to his mother in Winnipeg. The citation reads – “Pilot Officer Mynarski was the mid-upper gunner of a Lancaster aircraft, detailed to attack a target at Cambrai in France, on the night of 12th June, 1944. The aircraft was attacked from below and astern by an enemy fighter and ultimately came down in flames. As an immediate result of the attack, both port engines failed. Fire broke out between the mid-upper turret and the rear turret, as well as in the port wing. The flames soon became fierce and the captain ordered the crew to abandon the aircraft. Pilot Officer Mynarski left his turret and went towards the escape hatch. He then saw that the rear gunner was still in his turret and apparently unable to leave it. The turret was, in fact, immovable, since the hydraulic gear had been put out of action when the port engines failed, and the manual gear had been broken by the gunner in his attempts to escape. Without hesitation, Pilot Officer Mynarski made his way through the flames in an endeavour to reach the rear turret and release the gunner. Whilst so doing, his parachute and his clothing up the waist were set on fire. All his efforts to move the turret and free the rear gunner were in vain. Eventually the rear gunner clearly indicated to him that there was nothing more he could do and that he should try to save his own life. Pilot Officer Mynarski reluctantly went back through the flames to the escape hatch. There, as a last gesture to the trapped gunner, he turned towards him, stood to attention in his flaming clothing, and saluted, before he jumped out of the aircraft. Pilot Officer Mynarski’s descent was seen by French people on the ground. Both his parachute and his clothing were on fire. He was found eventually by the French, but was so severely burnt that he died from his injuries. The rear gunner had a miraculous escape when the aircraft crashed. He subsequently testified that had Pilot Officer Mynarski not attempted to save his comrade’s life, he could have left the aircraft in safety and would, doubtless, have escaped death. Pilot Officer Mynarski must have been fully aware that in trying to free the rear gunner he was almost certain to lose his own life. Despite this, with outstanding courage and complete disregard for his own safety, he went to the rescue. Willingly accepting the danger, Pilot Officer Mynarski lost his life by a most conspicuous act of heroism which called for valour of the highest order. Detail provided by H. Halliday, Orleans, Ontario.
MYRICK, J.F. J9587. Halifax aircraft W 1233 was shot down in the sea off Denmark during operations to Mainz, Germany. FS.s J. Fleetwood-May (RAF), F.N. Thomasson (RAF), G.H.D. Higgins (RAAF), Sgt.s L. Kelly (RAF), J.O. Harrison
(RAF), and M.J. Hisley (RAF) were also killed.
NADEAU, L.J.O. J16486. “our Welch rear gunner” should read “our Welsh rear gunner”. Spelling correction by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
NEAL, H.A. R67970. Target – Essen, Germany. Four RAF crew members, P/O. J.W. Murray, Sgt.s C.W. Penny, F. Bonser, D. Smith, and Captain H.M. Butterworth of the Royal Artillery were also killed.
NEGRICH, T. J22062. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s C.M. Allen, A.E. Jukes, H. Perkins, H. Barron, and FS. J.R.A. Cooke were also killed.
NELMS, E.J. R85152. The aircraft crashed into a hilltop four miles south-south-east of Kinloss Airfield near the hamlet of Califer, Morayshire. One RAF airmen was also killed and three airmen were injured. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
NELSON, F.G. R79092. The aircraft crashed at Hawnby Moor not Hawngy Moor. Spelling correction by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
NESS, W. R104261. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.A. Beales, E. Magson, L. Tomlinson, and P/O. W.J. Leedharn were also killed. One member of the crew escaped. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A Lovett.
NESS, W.B. R138123. Target – Peenumde, Germany. Lancaster aircraft W 4934 (QR-S) was shot down in the sea near Swinemuender, Germany. F/O. W. Hughes (RAF), Sgt.s L.H. Scholey (RAF), B.J. Brown (RAF), D. Easton (RAF), R.C. Walton (RAF), and T. Graham (RAF) was also killed.
NEVILLE, J.O.H. R80124. Wellington aircraft X 3607 was shot down at Mannheim, Germany during ops. to Hanau, Germany. FS. G.G. Giroux, Sgt.s H.E. Cruze (RAF),
B.L. Randall (RAF), M. O’Brien (RAF), and FS. S. Jones (RAF) were also killed.
NEWELL, C.R. R153296. The crew of Liberator aircraft BZ 945 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol over the Bay of Biscay, believed lost to enemy action whilst attacking an enemy U-boat. The last signal indicated they were investigating a contact thought to be an enemy submarine. F/O. E.J. Hagen, FS.s Wilfred A Hallett, T.R. McDennon, and seven of the crew, not Canadians, were also killed.
NEWMAN, J.W. R88706. See additions to the crew list. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s C. Aitken, A.K. Taylor-Thomas, E.F. Stanley, and G.O. Tyler were also killed. Derail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
NICKERSON, O.K. R104088. No.16 S.F.T.S. was located at Hagersville, Ontario, not Haggersville. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
NICKLESON, J.M. R69892. Blenheim aircraft R 3853 was shot down south of lmjuiden, Holland whilst on an anti-shipping strike. Two RAF members of the crew Sgt.s W. Meadows and J.E. Pearson w:re also killed.
NIELSON, M.B J94369. NEILSON is incorrect. Should be NIELSEN. Detail Provided by D.C. Kinton, Calgary, Alberta.
NIVEN, C.M. R147502. Lancaster aircraft ED 541 (PO-A) was shot down near Doberitz, Germany whilst engaged in night operations over Berlin, Germany. FS. R. Lesser, Sgt.s O.H. Hodges (RAF), L.A. Saunders, (RAAF), F/L. R. Carmichael (RAAF), F/O.s P.E. Henley (RAF), and R. T.J. Bilney (RAF) were also killed.
NIVEN, R.H. 37627. He was the Commanding Officer of #59 Squadron and was killed when his Hudson aircraft went missing during operations off the Dutch Coast. Three RAF members of the crew were also killed. Detail provided by J. Stevens, Ontario.
NORQUAY, C.J.C. R152593. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft No. LW 269-T went down. The RAF members of this crew who were also killed were Sgt.s J.F.A Bailey, D.H. Douglas, J.B.E. Birrell, J.P. Belfield, R. Wilson, and P/O A.T. Parker. This completes this crew list. The aircraft number was not LE 269. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
NOVAK, H.E. J38343. NOVACK, H.E. is not correct, it should be NOVAK, H.E. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
O’BRIEN, C.E. J23895. Halifax aircraft LW 555 was shot down 3 miles north of Westerburg, Germany by German Lt. Becker flying an ME-110 fighter aircraft during a night operation against Nuremberg, Germany. F/O.s R.H. Carleton, R.D. Van Fleet and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E. Martin, E. Bake, T. C. McFadden, and FS. A. L. Wangler were also killed.
O’BRYAN, W.E.H. J45422. On October 20th, 1996 a Memorial Plaque in memory of all #571 Squadron personnel who died on active service was unveiled. The plaque is located at All Saints Chursh, Longstanton, Cambridgeshire. Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
O’DOWDA, J.F. J19976. Halifax aircraft # LW 497 missing during night operations against Stuttgart, Germany. P/O. B.S. Uppington (RAF), S/L. L.H. Eno D.S.O., D.F.C., WO. H.B. Thompson, Sgt. J.O. Everitt (RAF), and F/O. L.F. Clarke (RAF) were also killed. One of the crew, not Canadian, was taken Prisoner Of War.
O’GRADY, J.B.D. R77353. Lancaster aircraft ED 735 (KC-R) lost enroute from Rabat, North Africa to England. P/O. A.M. Laughland DFM, F/O. L. Plishka, F/L. E. Youseman DFC (RAF), P/O. S. Whittingham DFM (RAF), FS. R. Florence DFM (RNZAF), F/O. W. Grimes (RAF) were also killed. Three army personnel passengers, not Canadians, missing believed killed.
O’LEARY, P.W. R160321. Lancaster aircraft LM 237 (PO-N) missing during a night trip to Konigsberg, Germany. One Canadian, F/O. J. Sutcliffe, was taken Prisoner Of War. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s C. Pearson, E.C. Reid, P/O. E. Hatzfeld, and FIL. D.B. Tattersall were also killed.
O’NEILL, G.C. J3602. Target – Mannheim, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s H.I. Armes, AL. Bradshaw, K. Carter, P.P. Du Pre, and R.L. Hunt were also killed.
O’NEILL, P.J. R164698. WO. O’Neill was from Westmount, not Wetsmount. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
O’NEILL, T.J. J35019. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt. R. Thomson, H.B. King, FS. C.R. Badger, F/O.s D. Rodger, and R.W. Donner were also killed.
O’NEILL, W.H. R60975. Target – Brest, France. The aircraft was last seen over the target with one engine on fire and repelling an enemy fighter attack. F/L. G.G. Heathcote M..i..D. (RAF), FS.s R. Exelby M.i.D. (RAF), C.P. Goulding (RNZAF), J. Peters (RAF), P/O. E.L. Smith (RAF), Sgt.s J.F. Bente (RAF), and D.G. Penman (RAF) were also killed.
O’QUINN, A. R356185. Target Bremen, Germany. Wellington aircraft X 3179, from #21 Operational Training Unit, was lost without a trace. Sgt.s I.F. McManus (RAAF), N.F. Poulton (RAF), WO. J.G. Simpkin (RAF), and FS. F. Cross (RAF) were also killed.
O’ROURKE, E.J. R120092. Not this F/O.s L.K. Driver (RNZAF), J.G. Hallowell (RAF), Sgt.s G.W.E. Keeble, and A. W. Scott (RAF) were also killed.
OGILVIE, J.M. J22214. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L.J. Loewenson, G.H. Hendry, N. Bowman, R.E.L. Stoneman, and E.C. McLaughlin were also killed.
OLIVER, J.H. R64236. – Blenheim aircraft V5433 left Sumburgh for a “Vaaro patrol to the coast of Norway. At 0840, a distress signal from the aircraft was received. It was returning to Sum burgh on one engine. Another of 404 Squadron’s Blenheims took off to escort it back to base. At 0930, people on the Out Skerries saw the Blenheim approaching, flying very low. It was clear that the pilot intended to attempt a landing on the Island of Grunray. As it was about to touch down, it veered to the left and disappeared from sight behind a low cliff. Black smoke began to billow as people hurried to help. Attracted by the smoke, the crew of the Blenheim sent to act as escort, saw V5433 burning on the rocks on the south side of the island. A small group of people were standing on a low cliff, unable to get near because of the fire. Plainly visible on the burning aircraft were the 404 Squadron markings. When the wreckage was examined, bullet holes were found. It would appear that the Blenheim ran into German aircraft during its patrol. FS. C.D. Brown and the RAF wireless operator air gunner, Sgt. T.W. Coy was also killed. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
OLIVER, M.R. J22436. Lancaster aircraft LL 826 (BQ H) missing during a night trip to Mailly Le Camp, France. F/O.s E.C. Jones, H. W. Batt (RAF), Sgt.s K.R. Dye (RAF), J. Ellis (RAF), J. Stanley (RAF), F/L. A.J. Grain D.F.M. (RAF), and passenger Station Defence Officer, Major S. Whipp, The Duke of Wellington’s Regiment, were also killed. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
OLLETT, J.F. J13951. F/O. Ollett had received some of his training at No. 4 Air Observer Schoo, London, Ontario – Course No. 45. He was born in Vancouver British Columbia and received his schooling in Ocean Falls, London, Ontario – Course No. 45. Detail provided by E. Anderson, Saskatchewan.
ORME, F.K. J3739. Target – Rotterdam. Blenheim aircraft V 6436 (YH-L) was hit by flak and crashed near the target. P/O.s S.F. Gunnis (RAF) and A.H. Collins (RAF) were also killed.
PADGET, R.E. J14176. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft LW 341-D went down. The other members of the crew who were also killed were WO. A.F. Edmonds, Sgt.s B. Coughlin, C.O. Tyler, FS.s R.W. Wheeler, J.J.O. Kennedy, all RAF, and FS. N.L Newell (RAAF). Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
PAGE, D.F. R69485. The aircraft number was AM 646 and the crew were at the Armament Practice Camp at Carew Cheriton in South Wales when they crashed into a hill. Sgt.s L.E. Huddleston and G.G. Belec were killed instantly. Sgt. D.F. Page died of his injuries a few hours later, Sgt. A. Maier was seriously injured in the crash. F/L. J.M. Kellas (RAF), W/C. C.F. King (RAF), and FS. H.W. Ward (RAF) were not part of this crew. For information regarding the deaths of these three RAF airmen please see R.O. Worthington this addendum. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
PAIGE, J.W. J25590. The aircraft crashed near East Kirkby, Revesby Village, not East Kirby, Reacesby Village. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
PAIGE, M.J. R90773. Lancaster aircraft W 4277 (KM-S) lost to enemy whilst laying mines off the Danish Coast.
PAINTER, J.H. R64809. Whitley aircraft Z 6668 failed to return from a night bombing op. to Huls, Germany. P/O. R.J. Minnis (RNZAF), Sgts. D.W. Mercer (RAF), D.G. Kemp
(RAF), and D.W. Gillies (RAF) were also killed.
PALMER, C.W. J15818. The target was Cap Gris Nez, France, not Cap Gris, Nez, France.
PALMER, H.J. R75611. Correct spelling is Peterhead, Scotland not Preterhead, England. Correction provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PALMER, W.F. J92063. F/O. J.A. Orr (RAF), Sgt.s T.G. Reynolds (RAF), and S.J. Akhurst (RAF) were also killed. There were two pilots on board for this mission.
PARK, J.G. R54368. One of the targets was Osnabruck, not Osnabruk. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PARKER, J.A. J19583. Halifax aircraft JD 456 was shot down in the Baltic Sea off Denmark during a trip to Berlin, Germany. P/O.s J.L. Donald, M.A. Fournier, F/O. F. Hartenett, Sgt.s H.T. Raine, D.A. Hopper (RAF) and FS. R.N. Ross (RAF) were also killed. This was the 10th operation for the entire crew. Detail from 419 Squadron History.
PARKER, M.A. J43631. The correct spelling is Skagerrak, not Skagerak. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PARSLEY, W.A. R135211. FS. P.A. Marsh (RAAF) and five RAF members of the crew, FS.s F. Martin, G. Young D.F.M., R. Dudley D.F.M., Sgt. E.J. Devine, and F/L. F.J. Roberts D.F.C were also killed.
PARSONS, E.A. R56118. Target – Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The port engine failed and Wellington aircraft W 5611 crashed one mile east of Brumley, Lincolnshire, England. FS. C.F. O’Connell (RNZAF), Sgt.s D.A. Laing (RAF), and T.A. Delaney (RAF) were also killed. Two RAF members of the crew were badly injured.
PARSONS, E.M. J92330. The two members of this crew who were not Canadian were 2nd. Lt. E.N. Fordham (USAAF) and Sgt. G.T. Jones (RAF). Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
PATERSON, F.G. J28547. The Concentration Camp was Buchenwald, not Buckenwald. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PATERSON, W. J39880. F/O. G.W. Browne (RNZAF) and Sgt. T.D. Mitchell (RAF) were also killed. Three members of the crew safe. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
PATEY, J.D. J15251. Target – Koln, Germany. Lancaster aircraft R 5561 lost during a bombing operation over enemy territory. FS.s J.H. Charles, R.G. Fawkes (RAF), P/O.s B. Usher (RNZAF), J.B. Underwood (RAF), F/O. P.F.B. Bluett (RAF), and Sgt. A. Williamson (RAF) were also killed.
PATRICK, A.G. R60348. Sgt.s R. Biddlecombe (RAF) and F. Baker (RAF) were also killed. One RAP member of the crew survived.
PATRICK, J.W. JJ9501. The seventh member of the crew was RAF Sgt. C.R. Kemp, also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
PATTERSON, T.C. J5042. The aircraft crashed N.W. of Sidi Barrani, not Sidi Baroni. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PATTERSON, W.N. J27526. Sgt.s A.T. Dixon (RAF), K.J. Etherington (RAF), and H.D. Rutt (RAF) were was also killed. Two of the crew, not Canadians, missing.
PATTERSON, W.S. J5299. E.R. Watson was a passenger. The on board instructor, F/L. C.W. Grant (RAF) was also killed. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
PAYNE, H.O.B. R110155. The aircraft crashed on Petersfield Road, not Peters Field Road. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PEACOCK, W.G. J18009. The target was Cap Gris Nez, France, not Cap Gris, Nez, France.
PEARL, J.V. J22368. Lancaster aircraft # LM 384 (CF-X) crashed N.W. of Algennissen during night operations over Leipzig, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, FS. C.E. Pearson, Sgt.s A.T. Sinclair, A. Trivett, G.A. Cartwright, and T.R. Evans were also killed. Sgt. G.A. Paterson (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
PEARSON, A.F.J. R54196. Halifax aircraft W 1218 stalled, spun in and crashed at Cold Harbour Fann, Ludborough, Lincolnshire whilst on a training flight. FS.s F.L. Hartnett, W.J. Binningharn (RAAF), and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s L.J. Storey, D.C. Cochrane, S.W. Stockford, and FS. S.N. Ryder were also killed.
PECK, G.J. R77370. The aircraft number is R1759 not R1750. Target – Hamburg, Germany. Wellington aircraft R 1759 went down in the sea during bombing operations. P/O. H.J. Woodrow (RNZAF), Sgt.s A.L. Lax (RAF), and J.B. Meyers (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
PEERS, L.A. J85070. The aircraft number was JN 888 not JN 8884. Six RAF crew members, F/O.s A.J. Baythorp, C.S. Noble, Sgt.s W.R. Wharmby, J. Brooke, H. Clarke, and J.E. Walsh were also killed. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
PEEVER, F. R77119. Wellington aircraft Z 8975 (LN-X) failed to return from bombing operations to Emden, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew Sgt.s G.A. Farmery, J.O. Lobo, J. Morris, R. North, and A.E. Nosworthy were also killed.
PELTIER, J.O. J17546. Lancaster aircraft ME 557 (KC-S) was shot down during a daylight operation, a raid against Rilly-la-Montagne, France. Four RAF members of the crew, FS.s D. Stewart, A. Holt, P/O. L. Rotton DFC, and WO. J. Hutton DFC were also killed. F/L. W. Reid VC (RAF) and F/O. D. Luker (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
PENNINGTON, S. J18125. The correct date of death is May 26, 1943 not May 23. Detail provided by B.L. Webb, Brandon, Mb.
PEPPIATT, F.W. J85345. Lancaster aircraft ND 441 was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft and crashed at Detzlar, Germany during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. This was one of 108 Allied aircraft lost this night. F/O. C.W. Kruger, F/L. D.M. Carey DFC, J.E. Prior (RAF), FS. W.M. Aikman (RAF), Sgt.s P.H. Lambert (RAF), and W.H.F. Smedmore (RAF) were also killed.
PERCIVAL, J.F. 42378. The aircraft number was BZ 864. Sgt. R.T. Holbrook (RAF), FS.s F.S. Brissenden (RAAF), W.M. Beauchamp (RAAF),F/O.s J.W. Crawford (RAF), and K.B. Winfield (RAF). were also killed. S/L. Percival is buried in the Liveramcntu Cemetery, Torrington Road, Colombo, Ceylon.
PERERA, K.F. J14652. The crew of Liberator aircraft BZ 885 took off on an anti-sub patrol when the aircraft dived into the ground, shortly after take-off, at Sigeriya, Ceylon. WO.s A.E. Ferguson, G.M. Stockwell, E.C. Currie, R.W. MacDonald, W.C. Love, F/O. D.G. Davie (RAF), and FS. D. Kirk (RAF) were all killed in the crash. The aircraft caught fire and the depth charges exploded.
PESS, F. R171924. Halifax aircraft BB 310 was on a night training exercise when it crashed into a hill ten miles east of Penrith, Lttle Dale near the Silver Band Mine, Cumberland, Scotland. F/O. P.B. Stevens, FS.s D.W. Swedberg, H.S. Seabrook, F/O. S. Brookes (RAF), Sgt.s W.J. Morrison (RAF), R.J. Littlefield (RAF), H. Dunningham (RAF), FS. W.A. Johnson DFM (RAF) were also killed. There were 5 Wireless Operator Air Gunners, 2 Pilots, a Navigator, and a Flight Engineer on board for this trip.
PETTIGREW, J. B. J17383. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.E. Delaney, S.E. Herbert, and E.D. Dwelly were also killed.
PHARIS, H. B. J11651. The reference to see F/L. R. Hipwell Wislon should read see F/O. R. Hipwell Wilson.
PHILLIPS, S.A. J16550. One Canadian, Sgt. F.S. Williams and two RAF members of the crew evaded capture. F/O. J.G. Picton (RAF), P/O. H.S. Delacour (RAAF), Sgt. A.C. Benham (RAF), and FS. G.D. Savage (RAF) were also killed.
PIBUS, H.H. J5086. Blenheim aircraft # V 6146 (UX-O) was on an antishipping strike when it was hit by anti-aircraft fire and then dived into the sea. P/O. B.B. Barber (RAAF) and Sgt. E.W. Paine (RAF) were also killed.
PICHE, J.L. R180554. Six RAF crew members, Sgt.s W.J. Brodie, F.M. Forde, W.F. Wootten, F.E. Tidmas, FS. A.T. Woolhouse, and F/L. R.J. Brown were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
PICKERING, W.V. R66308. Stirling aircraft BF 320 missing during a strike against Saarbrucken, Germany. FS.s C.R. Spratt, G.K. Sutherland, four RAF crew members, Sgt.s E.J. Buckton, R.G.P. Capharn, G. Martins, and P/O. T.M.F. Hulse were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
PIERS, A.W.J. J15435. – Royal Air Force. F/O. A. W.J. Piers’ biography was left out of the original printing. He is a BROTHER to FS. W.S. Piers. From Westmount, Quebec. Killed In Action Nov.3/43 age 24. #264 Squadron. (We Defy). “Flying Officer Piers has no known grave, his name is inscribed on the Runnymede War Memorial, Englefield Green, Egham, Surrey, England. Detail provided by G.A. Clark, Vineland, ON.
PIERS, W.S. R56087. W.S. Piers was a BROTHER to F/O. A.W.J. Piers. Detail provided by G.A. Clark, Vineland, ON.
PIPHER, W.M. R78467. Wellington aircraft Z 1321 (QT-V) was hit by flak and crashed in Holland during a night bombing attack on Essen, Germany. FS. A. Lennox, Sgt.s D.J. White (RAF), E.C. Groves (RAF), A. Kelly (RAF), and R.H.J. Barrie (RAF) were also killed.
PITT, L.H. R10286. Six RAF crew members, Sgt.s J.L. Arthur, B.E. Dew, G.D. Dutton, R.C. Knott, R.O. Newbury, and Medical Officer F/L. H.S. Mellows were was also killed.
PLATT, O.I. R51858. Wellington aircraft X 9630 (BL-H) failed to return from a night bombing operation to Hamburg, Germany. Sgts. A.W. Bird (RNZAF), B.F. Johnson (RAF), L.J. Harrison (RAF), and B. Hassall (RAF) were also killed. P/O/ J.R. Jamieson (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
PLISHKAL. J17388. Lancaster aircraft ED 735 (KC-R) lost enroute from Rabat, North Africa to England. WO. J.B. O’Grady, P/O. A.M. Laughland DFM, F/L. E. Youseman DFC (RAF), P/O. S. Whittingham DFM (RAF), FS. R. Florence DFM (RNZAF), F/O. W. Grimes (RAF) were also killed. Three army personnel passengers, not Canadians, missing believed killed.
POOL, W.H. J89375. Target was Hamburg not Hornberg. Six RAF crew members, Sgt.s J.L. Spaven, A.H. Hall, FS.s L. Tomlinson, E. Crowther, P.A. MacGibbon, and F/O. J.E. Pyle were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” -A. Lovett.
POPPLESTONE, W.M. R80033. P/O. W.G.F. Hawkins (RAF) was the other member of the crew killed. The crew were assigned to a night Intruder operation and were shot down in the sea near Holland.
POPPLEWELL, C.H. J16305. One RAF member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War.
POTTER, J.M. R82734. WO. Potter was from Stittsville, not Sittsville. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
POWDRILL, R. J19169 D.F.C. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s H.E.W. Simpson D.F.M., FS.s T.W. Hill D.F.M., R. Osborne D.F.M., L.M. Baker D.F.M. and L. Weight D.F.M. were also killed.
POWELL, D.H.B. R82995. Lancaster aircraft ED 367 (PO-H) failed to return from an attack against Duisberg, Germany. P/O.s R. T. Hanbidge, A.M. Wark, FS.s S.V. Woyce, H.A. Horton, Sgt.s E. Florey (RAF), and J. Humphries (RAF) were also killed.
POWELL, N.N. J5226. Wellington aircraft W 5355 was carrying 14 x 250 lb. general purpose bombs when it went missing during a night bombing operation to le Havre, France. Five RAF members of the crew Sgt.s G.H. Bonner, R.C. Wentworth-Hyde, D.T. Smith, J.W. Aston, and P/O. E. Sharman were also killed.
POWLEY, D.A. R133214. Lancaster aircraft ED 721 (WS-S) crashed west of Bad Sachsa at Bartolfede, Germany. FS. A.K. Trevena (RAAF) was also killed, and two RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
PREECE, G.L. J94374. Seven RAF members of the crew, FS.s G. Tivey, L. Lockwood, H. Butterworth, Sgt.s. A. Farley, B. H. Scholefield, R. Dickson, and P/O. L. Simpson were also killed.
PRESTON, C.W. R119661. The correct spelling is Canadian, not Canadain. Detail provided by A.E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PRICE, T. W.P. J87218. Lancaster aircraft DV 403 (KC-G) was hit by flak and went down in flames during a daylight trip to Wizerness, France. F/O. J.I. Johnston DFC, F/L. J. Edward DFC (RAF), F/O. L. King DFC (RAF), FS. S. Isherwood (RAF) were also killed. One Canadian, F/L. L.T. Pritchard DFC was taken Prisoner Of War.
PRICE, C.M. R182206. “Lancaster aircraft JB 659 (OF-J) was returning to England after a successful raid on Berlin when it was shot down by a German night fighter. Six members of a Dutch family were also killed when the aircraft crashed on their farmhouse. The aircraft went down near Amsterdam and all but two of the crew lay entombed in the aircraft for the next 56 years. In November, 2001 these five crew members were laid to rest beside their other two comrades in Holland. The complete crew list is: WO. G.I. Williams (RCAF) and FS. C.M. Price (RCAF) P/O. A.R. Hart (RAAF), Sgt.s William Jones (RAF), Douglas Hicks (RAF), Leslie Clifton (RAF), and FS. Harold Boal (RAAF). Detail provided by Mrs. R.B. Woodland, Orangeville, Ontario.
PRITCHARD, J.C. R76625. Hampden aircraft AD 869 (PT-L) was on a night cross country training exercise when it crashed and burned shortly after take-off. The aircraft came down near Horncastle, Lincolnshire, England. FS.s H.H. Davis, G.G. La Ronde, and Sgt. G.C. Player (RAF) were also killed.
PRIMEAU, J.L.O R69268. The aircraft crashed at RAF Kenley, not RAF Wenley. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PRINCE, S.J. R92467. The aircraft crashed in the Kingston Lacy estate near Winborne, Dorset, England, cause obscure. Four RAF members of the crew, F/O. John Andrews, Sgt.s A. Bickley, A. Doull, and LAC. A. Herbert were also killed. Detail from “Short Bursts”.
PROCTOR, G.K. R69896. The crew of Wellington aircraft R 1539 were returning from bombing operations over Frankfurt, Germany when they ran out of fuel. Sgt. Proctor and four RAF members of the crew, P/O. A.G. Stanes, Sgt.s A.H. Rex, E.G. Paul, and E.G. Lennon were all killed when the aircraft crashed at Holbeach, Lincolnshire. One member of the crew was injured.
PROWSE, L.E. J22241. Stirling aircraft LK 297 was transporting airborne troops to Gardarrnoen airfield, Norway when it crashed ten miles north of Oslo, Norway. Crew members F/L. N.L. Roseblade D.F.C., S/L. D.R. Robertson D.F.C. C.G., FS.s R. Alderson (RAF), A.G. Davies (RAF), and WO. G.E. Thompson D.F.M. (RAF) were also killed. Passengers, A.V.M. J.R. Scarlett-Streathfield C.B.E. (RAF), Pte.s F. Sainty, J. Shannon, C. Sutherland, F.G. Trainor, E. Waby, G. Walton, K.J. Watts, and Sgt. H.W. Woodward, all not Canadians, were also killed. All of those killed in this crash were all buried in the same collective grave. F/O. Prowse, S/L. Robertson, and F/L. Roseblade had been missing in their #190 Sqdn. Stirling aircraft on September 20, 1944 whilst dropping containers over Holland; they all returned to base safely.
PUDER, H.F. R81378. Sgt Puder was not killed in action, he was killed on a routine training flight. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
PUDIFIN, A.J. R109l07. Five RAF members of the crew, F/O.s D.R. Cooper, L.H. Lister, FS. E.F. Barge, Sgt.s F. Quinn, and R.J. Clarke were also killed.
PUGH, L.J. J89119. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft No. LL 229-Z went down. One RAF member of the crew, Sgt. H.M. McAllister was taken Prisoner of War. This completes this crew list. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
PULLAR, W. S. J18049. F/O. Pullar served in the R.C.A.F. not the R.A.F. He was from Gelia, Alberta, not Calgary.
PURMAL, V.R. J19506. Lancaster aircraft JB 553 missing during a trip to Berlin, Germany. WO. L.J. Adair and four RAF members of the crew, P/O. J. Borland D.F.C., Sgt.s D.B.G. MacKenzie, A.A. Waller, and FS. D.C.G. Snelling were also killed. One member of the crew, not Canadian, missing.
QUANSTROM, W. J26350. P/O.s J.A. McLean (RAF), J.C. Cairns (RAF), Sgts H. Abbott (RAF), H.M. Keates (RAF), and G.E. Polden (RAF) was also killed.
QUICKFALL, C.E. R128475. Six RAF crew members, Sgt.s J.L. Blackwood, E. Draper, J.H. Flack, H.E. Steele, R.G. Whitmarsh, and WO. D.J. Nixon were also killed.
QUINN, G.E. J87110. Lancaster aircraft KB 728 (VR-V) was shot down by a night-fighter and crashed near Arnhem, Holland. P/O.s P.J. McManus (RAF), E. Fahy (RAF), and H. Fletcher (RAF) were also killed.
QUIRT, J.H. J21394. Sgt.s G. Kesten (RAF), and D.F. Day (RAF) were also killed.
RADCLIFFE, E.E. J23119. Lancaster aircraft ND 931 missing during night operations over Kiel, Germany. F/O. R.A. Rember, WO. R.W. Smalley, FS. K. Hibbert (RAF), Sgt.s D.H. Phillips (RAF), J. Tweedie (RAF), and L.G. Whybrow (RAF) were also killed.
RAFTERY F.S. J26452. Lancaster aircraft KB 737 (NA-R) crashed 10 miles south-west of Essen at Buckholz, during a daylight op. to Essen, Germany. F/O.s H. Wright, H.A. Amstrong, P/O.s L.E. Toneri, R.C. Knight, and W.A. Bartlemay were also killed. One Canadian, Sgt. R. W.S. Gray was taken Prisoner Of War. Flying Officer Pilot Raftery is buried in the Reichswald Forest War Cemetery, Kleve, Germany.
RAGAN, G.S. J27652. FS.s P. Bradley (RAF), C.A. Thomas (RNZAF)were also killed.
RAINE, H.T. R58461. Halifax aircraft JD 456 was shot down in the Baltic Sea off Denmark during a trip to Berlin, Germany. P/O.s J.A. Parker, J.L. Donald, M.A. Fournier, F/O. F. Hartenett. Sg D.A. Hopper (RAF) and FS. R.N. Ross (RAF) were also killed. This was the 10th operation for the entire crew and theirs was one of 42 allied aircraft lost on this night. Detail from 419 Squadron History.
RALSTON, H.J. R79409. The aircraft was in a mid-air collision at Brize Norton, not Briz Norton. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
RAMEY, E.J. R73316. Hampden aircraft AN 153 (GX-B) was shot down by ship’s flak off the Dutch coast during a night anti-shipping strike. WO.s G.B. Jackson, E.J. Ramey, and F/O. L.G. Burgess (RAF) were also killed. Detail provided by Errol Martyn, New Zealand.
RAMMAGE, A.J. J90346. Lancaster aircraft JB 473 (EA-W) was shot down near Aube, France during a raid on the railway junction at Revigny, France. F/O. R.M. Deacon (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War. Sgt.s A.R. Harpell (RCAF), D. Wilson (RCAF), J.A. Diley (RAF), W. Fortune (RAF), and H. Sharp (RAF) were Evaders.
RANSOM, G.I. J18141. Five RAF members of the crew, FS.s C.F. Plumb, F.T. West, AW. Coote, A.E. Mulard D.F.M., and Sgt. V.de.V. Vickers were also killed. One RAF member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War.
RAPHAEL, G.L. 37508. Correct burial location is Orpington, not Orpingham. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
RATNER, H. J28242. Correct spelling of guard not gaurd. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
RAVEN, J.A. J19271. See Thibault, L.J.L. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
RAVEN, H.R. R108752. The crew of Lancaster aircraft ED 705 (HW-C) took off after dark and were not heard from again. F/O. J.D. Renno D.F.C. (RAAF) and five RAF crew members, F/L. R.R. Howgill D.F.C., F/O. W.D. Christie, Sgt.s M.R. Howe, E.E. Gardner, and P/O. C.H. Best were also killed.
RAY, K.F. R1002J0. See Munro J. this addendum for further information Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
READ, R.G.D. R69516. Wellington aircraft Z 1249 (UV-K) missing while on night operations to Essen, Germany. FS. S. Levitus (RAAF), Sgt.s J.A.Gaiter (RAAF), T.G.P. Townsend (RAF), and H.R. Brodie (RAAF) were also killed.
RECCHIA, E.A. R79231. Cpl. D.S. Cleaver (RAF), S/L. C.G. Fisher (RAF), Sgt.s G.S. Barrie (RAF), J. Ling (RAF), and F/L. H.B. Salter (RAF) were also killed.
REDDEN, J.B. R65221. Sgt. Redden was flying with #101 Squadron, not #102 Squadron. The reference to Sgt. Wood is also incorrect. Target – Koln, Germany. Wellington aircraft R 1703 (DR-J) crashed in Belgium during night bombing operations. P/O. J.F. Aston (RAF), and Sgt E.R. Lane (RAF) were also killed. Sgt. R.T. Wood (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War and two RAF crew members evaded.
REDGRAVE, C.D. R159999. Lancaster aircraft W 4897 (JO-Q) failed to return from a night trip to Berlin, Germany. Sgt.s P. Chittenden (RAF), F.C. Eggleson (RAF), A.G. Smith (RAF), P/O. S. W. Lawson (RAAF), FS.s M.E. Sadler (RAAF), and W.A. Sampey (RAAF) were also killed.
REDKNAP, S.G. R204549. Five RAF members of the crew, F/O.s H.E.Ackroyd, P.C. Williams, Sgt.s J.R. Payne, A.H. Stinson, and FS. G.Stewart were also killed.
REIBER, D.E. J86924. Correct spelling is Heesch, not Hees. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
REID, M.J. J22672. Lancaster aircraft ND 448 (OL-S) crashed near Beizig, Germany during night operations to Leipzig, Germany. FS. F. Daley (RAAF), F/O. T.B. Field (RAF), Sgt.s C. Howes (RAF), G. Wheeler (RAF), R.A. Rudge (RAF), and G.I. Paterson (RAF) were also killed.
REID, H.S. R157645. Lancaster aircraft LM 431 failed to return from a trip to Stettin, Germany. FS. L.M. Jackson, four RAF members of the crew, FS.s L.A. Jeffries, D. Briggs, Sgt.s R.W.J. Evans, M. Turner, and F/O. F. Connolly (RAAF) were also killed.
REID, E.K. J14021. Halifax aircraft LK 754 was shot down and crashed on a railway line 4 miles north of Frankfurt, Germany. during night operations against Nuremberg -Germany. P/O. R.L. Clarkson and Sgt. J.A. May (RAF) were also killed. Four Canadian members of the crew F/O. J.T. Smith, WO. V. C. MacDonald, FS. G. G. Maguire, and Sgt. J. J. Barr were taken Prisoners Of War.
REID, W.F. R180999. Liberator aircraft BZ 878 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol over the Bay of Biscay. Sgt. J.M. Thomlinson, F/O.s W.L. Englert, D.A. Rowat, A.G. Archibald (RAAF), R.S.H. Browning (RAF), FS. A. Campbell (RAF), and Sgt. D.F. Taylor (RAF) were also killed.
REISNER, R.M J20215. F/O. Reisner was 21 years of age at the time of his death, three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.W. Wilson, P.J. Phipps, and F/O. F. Hilton were also killed.
RELYEA, W.R.B. R62627. Hampden aircraft AD 983 was on a mine-laying operation off the Frisian Islands and crashed on returning to England. Sgt.s J.A. Connolly (RAF), P.J. Lynch (RAF), and D.M. Bruce were also killed.
REMBER, R.A. J85674. Lancaster aircraft ND 931 missing during night operations over Kiel, Germany. F/O. E.E. Radcliffe, WO. R.W. Smalley, FS. K. Hibbert (RAF), Sgt.s D.H. Phillips (RAF), J. Tweedie (RAF), and L.G. Whybrow (RAF) were also killed.
RENNICK, J.S. R99592. FS.s G.A. Hiddleston (RAF), H.G. Y (RAAF), Sgt.s M.R. Aston (RAF), C.W. Robinson (RAF), and R. Sneesby (RAF) were also killed.
RENNIE, H.T. J17126. Siddi Sarani is in Egypt not the U.A.R.. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
RENWICK, G. J86331. Flying Officer Renwick was from Fairlight, Saskatchewan. Detail provided by L. Sauter, Wynyard, SK.
REYNOLDS, F.A. J9637. Target – Cologne, Germany. Wellington aircraft LN 296 (AL-P) was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft. FS. J.P. Bishop, F/L. R.H. Brinton (RAF), FS.s P.G. Rothera (RAF), and E.C. Blackman (RAF) were also killed.
RHEAUME, J.A.D. R53944. Wellington aircraft W 5595 (EP-E) missing during a night bombing attack against Duisburg, Germany. Sgt. A.G. Geddes and four RAF members of the crew. Sgt.s G.H. Spickett, D.C. Hayward, E.S. Jones, and H.A. French were also killed.
RIBOUT, R.A.J. R82043. Correct spelling is Flanders not Flandres. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
RICE, A.N. R156762. Lancaster aircraft DV 297 crashed at Welford, England when returning from an attack against Nuremberg, Germany. FS.s LR. McNay, FS.s E. Thomas (RAF), E. H. Traeger (RAAF), A H. Wilson (RAAF), Sgt.s D. Addy (RAF), D. R. Billson (RAF), and R. Collier (RAF) were also killed.
RICHARD, R.B. J14785. F/O. M.W. Wright (RAF), Sgt.s G.F.A.J. Falck (RAF), A.J. Mathieson (RAF), and G. Tabenor (RAF) were also killed. There were two pilots on board for this mission.
RICHARDSON, D.B. R153656. Halifax bomber LW 427 took off from Tholthorpe airdrome in a #6 Group raid to Schweinfurt, Germany on Feb. 24/44. As they flew over Germany they were shot down by an enemy fighter at ll P.M. and crashed with a full bomb load near the village of Ostelheim, west of Stuttgart. P/O. M.A. Knight, F/O. H.M. Long, Sgt.s H.E. Hirst, D. Crawley, and W.H. Botterill (RAF) were also killed. The seventh member of the crew was Tech. Sgt. R.J. Gile s/n 10601564//R157466. T/Sgt. Gile had enlisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba with his brother who both had dual citizenship with the U.S.A. After he joined #420 Squadron, Gile was transferred to the U.S.A.A.F. but continued to fly with his Canadian crew to finish their tour. Please see H.M. Long for grave side service detail. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
RICHARDSON, D.R. R78229. Target – Brest, France. Wellington aircraft Z 1096 took off on operations then crashed and burned at Homefield Home, Brink Farm near Wethwold, England Sgt.s E. Ewings (RAF), R.L.N. Simmons (RAF), L.J. Roe (RAF), V.H. Mountstephens (RAF) were also killed. One RAF member of the crew was injured.
RICHARDSON, J.M. J90315. This crew’s patrol area was of the French coast between the mouths of the Loirs and the Gironde. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
RICHARDSON, R.L. P4056. Correct spelling is Shark not Skark. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
RICHARDSON, W.G. J188860. The aircraft number was OT 738. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J.V. Branscombe, R.K. Guy, D.B. Ralston, J. Rawcliffe, and FS. J. Richards were also killed.
RICHMOND, J.R. R114345. Sgt. K. Foster (RAF), and FS. F.W. Morgan (RAAF) were also killed.
RIEGER, H.W. J12737. The raid was over Cberbourg, France, not Cherbourg, Germany. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
RINTOUL, A.G. C3455. F/L. Rintoul was a Chaplain, not a Chaplan. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
RITCHIE, J.L. J23721. Lancaster aircraft JA 968 was shot down over the target during a night operation, a raid against Montdidicr, France. F/L. F.C. Bertelsen, WO. G.A. Schwerderger, FS. G.A. Clyne (RAAF), Sgt.s R.G. Lovegrove (RAF), R. Mansbridge (RAF), and E.K. Slattery (RAF) were also killed.
ROACH, J.C. J88496. P/O. K.R. Warren (RAAF) was not a member of this crew but P/O. A.L. Anderson (RAF) was and was also killed.
ROBERTS, E.W. R102988. Target – Island of Juist, Holland. Halifax aircraft DT 483 was shot down over the target FS. R.J. Cowan, Sgt.s RA. Bankes-Martin (R.N.Z.A.F.), J.E.L. Griffiths (RAF), C.J. Osborne (RAF), H.A. Smith (RAF), and FS. B.A.G. Rudkin (RAF) were also killed.
ROBERTS, J.H.C. R54910. Target- Duisburg, Germany. Four RNZAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R.E. Fotheringham, D.M. MacKinnon, S.A. Dyer, P.E. Hare, and E.V. Higgins (RAAF) were also killed.
ROBERTSON, J.D.A. J29252. P/O. P.R. Ascott (RAAF) was also killed.
ROBERTSON, J.R. J15008. Wellington aircraft W 5432 (EP-H) was engaged in an air test when it crashed near Exeter, England. Four RAF crew members, Sgts V.E. Riddiford, L.M. Rhodes, M.W. Wright, and B.K. Willmer were also killed.
ROBERTSON, O.B. J10302. FS. W.I.L. Wilkes (RAF) was also killed and two members of the crew, not Canadians, were taken Prisoners Of War.
ROBERTSON, D.J.M. J38689. F/O. H. Brown (RAF) and WO. W. Parry (RAF) were also killed.
ROBERTSON, W.A. R59266. Miss E. Chester wrote the. tribute to W.A. Robertson. UNTIL REVEILLE “They laid him to sleep in Yorkshire – Under the English sky, – With bugles blowing a last salute, – And the great planes flying high. – England shall proudly hold this son – In the rich earth of her breast, – Who came at the call of honor – From Canada’s prarie west — He gave his life for Feredom’s cause, – That wars on the earth might cease, – At the end of the road of duty – He rests in quiet peace.” Detail from The Airman’s Post, June, 1942.
RODDY, F.D. R78242. Target – Wamemunde, Germany. The aircraft crashed in the sea. Sgt.s A.J. Millar (RAF), A. Nicholson (RAAF), J.E. Hobgen (RAAF), and J.R. Etherington (RAF) were also killed.
ROE, G.R.8. J16508. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt. T.H. Williams, WO. G.R. Bryant, F/O. H.R. Murray, and P/O. I. W. Harland were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A Lovett.
ROGERS, J.P. J681948. Remove all reference to Sg J.P. Rogers. The name should be Sgt. S.P. Rogers and is shown next.
ROGERS, SAM PAUL SGT(AG) 1681948 – Royal Air Force. From Halifax, Nova Scotia Killed In Action Feb.20/44 age 19. #207 Squadron (Semper Paratus). Lancaster aircraft EE 126 (EM-A) was outward bound for an attack against Leipzig, Germany when it was picked up by searchlights and then attacked by a night-fighter. Some of the crew jumped from the burning aircraft before it crashed West of Syke, Germany. P/O. L.T. Linton and Sgt. J.T. Morey (RAF) were also killed. Four RAF crew members, P/O. W.D. Jarvis, FS. S.T. Pearson, Sgt.s M.V. Askew and P.L. Paddock were all taken Prisoners Of War. Sergeant Air Gunner Rogers is buried in the Sage War Cemetery, Oldenburg, Land Niedersachsen, Germany.
ROGERS, S. J16434. Aircraft hit the cables at Mawgan, not Mawden.
ROLLINGS, W.A. J21818. Target – Essen, Germany. Lancaster aircraft ED 783 (KM-F) exploded low over the hamlet of Vennenberg, Holland after an engagement with a German night fighter aircraft from the air base at Twente. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J.B. Browne, H.C. Ellis, R.L. Le Page, S.S. McClellan, R. Williams, and P/O. L.J. Ellis were also killed. Detail provided by N. Murphy, Windsor, ON.
ROMILLY, E.M.D. J5677. Target – Hamburg, Germany. Whitley aircraft Z 6506 (GE-V) failed to return from night bombing operations. Sgt.s G.C. Davies (RAF), T.H. Marlowe (RAF), A. Whewell (RAF), and P/O. E.D. Comber-Higgs (RAF) were also killed.
ROONEY, J.J. R56172. Target – Berlin, Germany. Lancaster aircraft W 4920 (QR-O) missing. P/O. H.M. Champion and five RAF crew members, Sgt.s A.L. Brown, P J. Folker, P.W. Garnham, R.K. Hall, and R. Wrightson were also killed.
ROSE, J.T. J92419. F/L. J.J. Dunne D.F.C. (RAAF), and six RAF members of the crew, P/O M.J. Thain, Sgt. H.J. Ockerby, F/O. C.L. Philpott, FS.s J.W. Knight, and J.F. Jordan were also killed.
ROSS, D.W. J9288. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A.M. Cockie, H.A. Birch, A.F. Kensett, N.F. Smethurst, and F.R. Carter were also killed.
ROST, W.F. R135105. Halifax aircraft HX 272 was shot down by a German night fighter aircraft and crashed near Buttenham, Germany during night operations, an attack against Nuremberg, Germany. P/O.s D.M. Awrey DFC, WO. W.F. Rost, Sgt. J.S. Thompson (RAF), and P/O. C.W. Panton (RAF) were also killed. Three Canadians, P/O. C.M. Nielsen, WO.s H. Cooper, and R.C. McLaughlin were taken Prisoners Of War.
ROULEAU, D.F. J15348. Correct spelling is Pantelleria, Italy not Pantelldria. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ROUSSEAU, C.O.R. R55372. WO. Rousseau was from Trois-Pistoles, not Three Pistols. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ROWAT, D.A. J27310. Liberator aircraft BZ 878 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol over the Bay of Biscay. Sgt.s J.M. Thomlinson, W.F. Reid, F/O.s W.L. Englert, A.G. Archibald (RAAF), R.S.H. Browning (RAF), FS. A. Campbell (RAF), and Sgt. D.F. Taylor (RAF) were also killed.
ROWED, S.E. R68123. Whitley aircraft Z 6508 failed to return from bombing operations to Mannheim, Germany. Sgt. P. Gennon (RNZAF) and three RAF members of the crew, P/O. K.W. Davies, Sgt.s G.T. Harper, and J.W. Bills were also killed.
ROY, C.N. R58798. FS. G.W. Addinsall (RAAF) and five RAF crew members, Sgt.s J. Irwin, L.R. Vincent, L.F. Jeffries, C.J.P. Meyer, and F/O. E.B. Oldham were also killed.
RUSTON, J.B. J15002. Wellington aircraft W 5452 (BU-U) was returning from operations over Berlin, Germany. Sgt.s L.D. Kissack (RAF), J. Aitken (RAF), I.J. Green (RAF), and P/O. C.W. Abrey (RAF) were also killed. One member of the crew was injured.
RUTHVEN, J.L. R72419. Stirling aircraft W 7428 (I.S-Z) was armed with 4 x 2,000 lb. armor piercing bombs and failed to return from a bombing operation to Brest, France. The aircraft was last seen with its port wing on fire but still fighting off attacks by enemy aircraft. Seven RAF crew members, Sgt.s N. Ferguson, P.G. Osman, R. Shearer, K.A Jeffreys, FS. W. Wooldridge, F/O. G. Bunce, and P/O. R.N. Chancellor were also killed.
RYERSE, D.A. J25931. F/O. Ryerse was not buried at Quend, was not exhumed and reburied at Calais. The body of F/O. Ryerse was never found, his name is inscribed only on the Runnymede War Memorial.
SALMERS, E. R137609. Sgt.s E. Lax (RAF), J.G. Lewis (RAF), and FS. J.B. Lindup (RNZAF) were also killed.
SALOMAA, E.A. J25513. Lancaster aircraft NE 169 failed to return from a night attack against a flying bomb site near Wizemes, France. F/O. J.W. Stapelton, P/O. D.H. Manson and four RAF members of the crew Sgt.s J. Greeves, D. Eggleston, WO. E.G. Smith DFM, and FS. A Fretwell were also killed.
SANDERSON, G.B. J86545. A memorial to this crew was erected by the family of the RAF Flight Engineer. Over the years the stone had become overgrown but now members of 1803 (Hucknall, Notts) Squadron A TC have cleaned and restored it. The cadets will now maintain the memorial on a regular basis. The complete crew were; Sgt.s J.C. Middlemas (RAF), G.B. Sanderson (RCAF), A.D. Clark (RAF), B. Broe (RAF), D. Wright (RCAF), D. Nichols (RAF) and WO. A. Noble (RCAF). Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
SANDERSON, D.R. R103915. The aircraft squadron letters were PT-Y. There were no RAF airmen on board this flight, the other two members of the crew were Canadians and they both survived this crash.
SANDIFORD, J.B. R83908. The correct spelling is Finchingfield not Frinchingtield. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SANDYS, J.F.K. J4814. Wellington aircraft X 3585 failed to return from operations to Kiel, Germany. Sgt. L.J. Dunn (RAF), and four RNZAF members of the crew Sgt R.J. Woodcock, P/O. J. Earl, FS.s H.J. Price, and T.J. Baber M.i.D. were also killed.
SARGENT, W.E. R166832. Halifax aircraft MZ 508 was shot down near Furth, Germany during a night strike against Nuremberg, Germany. F/O. W.A. Dixon and five RAF members of the crew, FS. A. Pinks, Sgt.s A. 8. Norris , G.J. Low, P. A. Esson, J. Breaker were also killed.
SARGENT, H.B.J. R109394. The aircraft number was DT 704, not D 1704. The squadron letters were LQ-H.
SAUNDERS, A.M. J3714. P/O. Saunders was not killed in action. Blenheim aircraft L 9413 (XD-D) was on a training flight when it crashed and burst into flames east of Norwich, England. Three RAF members of the crew Cpl. G.A. Acton, Sgt.s P.R. Gordon, and R.L Halbert were also killed.
SAUNDERS, C.G.R. J5344. Took-off on a Ferry trip to Malta via Gibraltar and crashed at take-off. Sgt.s V.J. Hale (RAF), E.J. Beard (RAF), FS. H. Higginson (RAF), Cpl. G.l. Davies (RAF), and LAC. C. Robson (RAF), were also killed.
SAVAGE, D. R55599. Target – Hamburg, Germany. Sgt.s T. Cowan (RAF), and J.C. Bradley (RAF) were also killed. Sgt. M.S. Schneider (RCAF) seriously injured.
SCHAFHEITLIN, D. J15031. Target – Bremen, Germany. P/O. W.H. Budd (RAF), Sgt.s W.E. Austin (RAF), and M.J. Hughes were also killed.
SCHELL, L.G. J5077. The aircraft sin was not X240, the correct sin is Z 2148. Z 2148 was one of many aircraft in search of the Tirpitz off Norway. The aircraft flew from Northern Ireland to Northern Scotland to refuel before joining the search. On the evening of the 18th, the crew took off for the long patrol, soon running into sever icing and turbulence. Then, unusually for a Catalina, one of the engines failed. The aircraft was unable to maintain height, and the bomb load was jettisoned. The pilot then set course for the nearest flying boat base, Sullom Voe. A signal was sent to Sullom Voe informing of the problem, and an estimated time of arrival given. The signal was received by the radio section, but for some reason, was not passed to flying control, which, unaware of the Catalina’s difficulties, closed down for the night. At about 0100 hours, the Catalina arrived to find no reply to their calls, and no welcoming flare-path. After checking their position, the crew began to circle, continuing to make radio calls, which were eventually answered by Sumburgh staff, who in tum managed to alert Sullom Voe. It was a bitterly cold night with snow showers and pitch darkness. Men were ordered from their beds to man open boats and prepare the flare-path. To add to their discomfort, there was a change in wind direction, and the flare-path had to be changed. Meanwhile the Catalina was losing height and began to circle over the sea to the south of Feltar where it may have drifted into the Colgrave Sound. With neither of the pilots or the navigator familiar with Sullom Voe a landing on such a dark night would not be easy. Eventually, at about 0500 hours, news came that a partial flare-path had been laid, and that the Catalina could land if the pilot so wished. The aircraft reduced height and had just set course when the crew were blinded by a snowstorm. It is likely that the aircraft was then caught in a severe down-draught, striking the top of the Hill of Arisdale on Yell, causing a loss of control. The Catalina skidded across the ground, breaking up as it went. The co-pilot, Flying Officer Helme, was thrown through the windscreen, but was able to return to the blazing aircraft and pull clear two injured crew members before being driven back by the flames. After making the two men as comfortable as possible, he set out to find help. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
SCHIEDEL, K.E. R169831. Lancaster aircraft ME 575 (PO-G) missing while engaged in night operations to Berlin, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, FS. A. Bryce, Sgt.s K. Molyneux, D. McKechnie, D.A. Taylor, W.A. Taylor, and P/O. C. Grugeon (RAAF) were also killed.
SCHLEGEL, K.E. R152251. R.W. Bennett (RAF), L.E. Fuller (RAF), W.H. Hodges (RAF), and FS. D.W. Bellamy (RAF) were also killed. Detail from the I 15 Squadron Roll of Honour.
SCHNEIDER, G.R. R121528. A Memorial to this crew was erected near the crash site on Ingles Farm, Yelling, Cambridgeshire, England, and was unveiled on Wednesday March 12th, 1997. The Memorial reads “BATTLE of BERLIN; November 1943 – March 1944; Near this spot on December 17th 1943 a Lancaster bomber JB477 of 405 Squadron R.C.A.F. from Gransden lodge crashed killing six of the crew of seven; W.O. S.C. NUTTING D.F.M. the rear gunner who was on his 45th raid survived; IN MEMORY OF ; Fig. Off. B.A. McLENNAN Canada; Pilot age 26; Sgt. G.R. SCHNEIDER Canada; Air Bomber Aged 22; Fig. Off. W.F. SHEPPARD Canada; Navigator Aged 29; Sgt. M.F.V. ROOBROECK Canada; A/Gunner Aged 21; Sgt. L.H. CORNWELL British; Engineer Aged 21; Buried at Bottisham; Sgt. E. HALLIWELL British; W.O.P.?A/Gunner Aged 22; Buried at Blackpool; We will remember them. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
SCHWARTZ, F. R77224. The crash occurred S.E. of Kohler, not Kehler. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SCHWARTZ, M. J93071. Five RAF members of the crew, P/O.s J.S. Rice, AW. Tresidder, J.S. Thompson, FS.s E.P. Yates, and I. Williams were also killed.
SCOTT, C.J. R88662. The Hurricane aircraft involved were V 6955 and AE 976 not AG 976. RAF pilot Sergeant John Porter 22, was taking part in a mock dog-fight high above the pit towns and villages of County Durham on St. Valentine’s Day, 1942. In the plane flying towards him was RCAF pilot Sergeant C.J. Scott 26, based with John Porter at RAF Usworth, near Sunderland. As crowds of shoppers in Spennymoor’s High Street and Cheapside craned their necks to watch the spectacle, the planes seemed to momentarily meet. The next second, both planes hurtled down towards Tudhoe Village, Sgt. Porter stayed in his Hawker Hurricane plane until the very last moment in what appears to be a selfless effort to ensure he avoided homes beneath him. When he finally tried to bale out, he was too late to save himself. In a similar, brave effort to avoid a major disaster, Sgt. Scott also stayed with his plane until it was too late. On February 27, 1942 the Group Captain Commanding No. 55 O.T.U. wrote a letter to the wife of Sgt. Scott and described the funeral of her late husband. “Your husband’s funeral took place at the Parish Church, Castletown, near Sunderland, at 11 a.m. on Wednesday, 18th February, 1942, the service being conducted by the Station Padre, Squadron Leader the Reverend Norman Turner, after which his body was interred in the little country churchyard of Castletown. Full service honors were accorded, the coffin being carried by men of his own unit, which also provided a firing party, and the coffin was covered with a Union Jack; the Last Post was sounded at the end. Wreaths were sent from the Officer Commanding, the officers and men, and his Canadian friends, also the staff of the local Y.M.C.A. May I now express the great sympathy which all of us feel with you in the sad loss which you have sustained.” Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
SCOTT, G.D. R140573. Three RAF members of the crew, F/O. G.E. Bilke, Sgt.s J. Baxter, and C.W. Shepard were also killed.
SCOTT, G.G. 1117206 – Royal Air Force. From Ocean Falls, British Columbia. Killed Jul.26/42 age 27. #19 Operational Training Unit. Whitley aircraft #BD 349 caught fire at 11,000 feet, went into a dive at 2,000 feet and crashed in the North Sea off Berwick, Scotland. FS. T.B. McGee and three RAF crew members, Sgt.s, J.E. Millar, C.E. Hughes, and P/O. R.T. Meek were also killed. “Sergeant Scott has no known grave, his name is inscribed on the Runnymede War Memorial, Englefield Green, Egham, Surrey, England.
SCOTT, J.G. J4112. Target – Emden, Germany. Wellington aircraft # Z 1207 (QT-U) failed to return from night operations. FS.s AW. Kerrisk (RNZAF), M.T. O’Brien (RAF), G.J. Sharp (RAF), P/O. K.A. Parslow (RAF), and Sgt. E.S. Swingler (RAF) were also killed.
SEABROOK, H.S. R168412. Halifax aircraft BB 310 was on a night training exercise when it crashed into a hill ten miles east of Penrith, Little Dale near the Silver Band Mine, Cumberland, Scotland. F/O. P.B. Stevens, FS.s D.W. Swedberg, F. Pess, F/O. S. Brookes (RAF), Sgt.s W.J. Morrison (RAF), R.J. Littlefield (RAF), H. Dunningham (RAF), FS. W.A. Johnson DFM (RAF) were also killed. There were 5 Wireless Operator Air Gunners, 2 Pilots, a Navigator, and a Flight Engineer on board for this trip.
SEALY, A.E. R170739. Ignore the reference to A. T. Kelley. Stirling aircraft EF 504 lost whilst laying mines at night off the south-east coast of Denmark, presumed enemy action. Six RAF members of the crew, P/O.s C. Clifton, T.E. Ord, Sgt.s C. Atherton, A. Johnston, W. Newman, and L.G. Rush were also killed.
SEIBOLD, E.R. J5794. Target – Essen, Germany. Lancaster aircraft R 5562 crashed at Rees, Germany during this night bombing operation. FS.s AW. Armstrong, J.L. Tarran
(RAF), Sgt.s F.J. Hanson (RAF), G. Glassbrook (RAF), and W. Simons (RAF) were also killed. Sgt. W.C. Howell (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
SELLERS, W.F.P. R78122. Wellington aircraft Z 8903 failed to return from operations over the Ruhr, Germany. Five RAF crew members, P/O. E.E. Brown, Sgt.s W.M. Culleme, S.D. Gray, E.1. Grego, and R.F. Whitton were also killed.
SEMENIUK, W. J42214. FS. N.G. Reed (RAF), and F/0. B.E.S. Stagg (RAF) were also killed.
SENTON, C. J89686. The aircraft was a Sunderland, not a Catalina
SHANNON, A.M. J23708. Correction to the surname of P/O. D.C. Frazer, not Fraser. Lancaster aircraft ME 564 (SR Z) was hit by flak, was cut in half by an explosion and crashed during night operations against Mailly le Camp, France. Sgt.s A Clarence (RAF), R.J. Crawford (RAF), R. Webster (RAF), F/L. J.A Keard (RAF), and P/O. D.C. Frazer (RAF) were also killed. There were two Wireless Operators on board for this operation and Sgt. J.E. Worsfold (RAF) was taken Prisoner of War. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
SHAW, B.H C649. The accident occurred at the Boeing Aircraft Plant, not the Boeing Aircraft Plant. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SHAW, G.K. R90100. The correct spelling is Tumberry not Tumbery. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SHEA, E.L. J4521. The crew were on an anti-shipping strike. Sgt. R.L. Frank (RAF) was also killed. Two other RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
SHEEHAN, E.F. R172051. Halifax aircraft LV 783 missing during night operations over the target Montzen, Belgium. F/O. R.P. McKean (RCAF) was an Evader. Sgt.s F.C. Brown (RAF), L. Coughlan (RAF), E.H. Hastie (RAF), P. Keenan (RAF), and J.H. Thomas (RAF) were also killed.
SHELDON, P.H. R171843. Delete F/O. J.D. Allan from casualty list and add F/O. John Allan.
SHELTON, P.A. C6040. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft No. LW 228-U went missing. Toe RAF members of the crew who were also killed were Sgt.s P.G. Kirby, J. Sneddon, and J.M. Hughes. This completes this crew list. Detail from “Some Of Toe Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
SHILLIDA Y, R.C. K263945. FS. E.C. Mcl.cnaghan (RAF), and Sgt. J.B. Kelleher (RAF) were also killed.
SHORTLIFFE, H.L. J23712. Six RAF crew members, Sgt.s R. W. Chandler, C.G.G. Bateman, R.C. Waters, G.T. Probert, D.F. Brooker, and FS. K.H. Margetts were also killed.
SHUSTER, J.E. J88968. Lancaster aircraft ME 833 (WS-Z) took off at 2301 hrs. from RAF Bardney to attack a railway junction. Crashed approximately 0200 hrs. some 3km north of Somois in the Marne where five of those who died rest in the local churchyard and roughly 14km west-northwest from Chatelraould St. Louvent, where Sgt. L.R. Lutwyche (RAF), the sixth crewman, rests in the village churchyard. The seventh member of the crew, FS. N.F. Oates (RAF), was captured by the Germans after spending some time hiding with the Maquis. Detail provided by W/O. N.F. Oates, Navigator, IX Squadron, England.
SIBBALD,W.J. J15700. Lancaster aircraft ED 650 (SR-L) failed to return from night operations to Krefeld, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s N. Ellis, T.E. Latter, K. Henson. AC. Keightley, G. Hopkin, and P/O. D.H. Brook were also killed.
SIMONEAU W.A. R70265. There was no W.A. Simoneau. The correct name is W.A. Simonett. All the other information is correct for Simonett.
SIMPSON, C.A R158722. FS. R.C. Lysons (RAF), Sgt.s D.M. McCannell (RAF), and J.E. Sawford (RAF) were also killed.
SIMPSON, DA J5309. Target – Berlin, Germany. Whitley aircraft # Z 9130 was carrying 1 x 1,000lb., 3 x 500lb., and 2 containers of 4lb. incendiary bombs when it went down in the sea as the result of enemy action. Sgt. W.M. Chambers, Sgt. A.V. Carpenter (RAF), and S/L. P.G.S. Dickenson (RAF) were also killed. One Canadian, Sgt. B.S. Walley, was taken Prisoner Of War.
SIMPSON, R.J. J95493. F/O. P.E. Smith (RNZAF) and three RAF members of the crew, P/O. E.J. McCarthy, FS.s J. Newby, and Sgt. C.F. Burridge were also killed. Two RAF members of the crew, Sgt. J.Corben and F/O. E.F. Hook were taken Prisoners Of War.
SINCLAIR, D.A. R61222. The aircraft caught fire and the crew bailed out except for Sgt. Sinclair. His body was found in the wreckage.
SINCLAIR, D.B. J12744. Five RAF members of the crew, F/O.s D.R. Cooper, L.H. Lister, FS. E.F. Barge, Sgt.s F. Quinn, and R.J. Clarke were also killed.
SINCLAIR, W.R.C. R118216. The aircraft crashed at Preston-On-Stour, not Prestonoonstour. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
SKLARCHUK, ER. R115543. Halifax aircraft HR 859 missing during night operations over Hamburg, Germany. Sgt.s D. Griffiths (RAF), H.R. Guley (RAF), F. Jackson (RAF), and R. Neal (RAF) were also killed.
SLABOTSKY, D. R94489. The re is no SLABOTSKY. The correct spelling is SLOBOTSKY.
SLEEP, H.C. R129209. Wellington aircraft #X 3814 (PT-P) was shot down at Dusseldort; Germany. Sgt.s R.L. Brandow, C.W. Cockaday, L.G. Jones (RAF), and FS. J.M. Greer were also killed.
SMALL, J.A. J3717. Correct spelling is Stalag not Stallag. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SMALLEY, R.W. R165429. Sgt. J. Tweedie, not J. Yweedie who was killed.
SMART, J.A. R143723. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft No. LW 290-U went missing. The RAF members of this crew who were also killed were Sgt.s W. Eaton, 1. Robertson, L.L. Green, and W. Allen. FS. E.A. Davies (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
SMIRL, G.A. R204325. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft No. MZ 768 exploded. Sgt. H. Ashwell(RAF) was also killed. This completes this crew list. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
SMITH, A.R. 84922. This sin belongs to A.R. Ross. There is no grave record of an AR. Smith killed on this date.
SMITH, F.N. R73224. Five RAF members of the crew, FS. G.R. Douglas, P/O.s L.J. Endicott, G.R. Gethings, Sgt. W.E. Powell, and WO. W.G. Mewha were also killed.
SMITH, G.F. R82895. Stirling aircraft R 9162 (QJ-Q) did not return from a mine-laying operation. FS. C.W.S. Oliver (RAAF) and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s N.P. Gregson, L.R. Sims, J.H. Storey, W.H. Streater, and P/O. W.C. Sutton were also killed.
SMITH, H.A.F. R172347. LAC Smith was at #23 Elementary Flying Training School not at #23 Service Flying Training School.
SMITH, J.A J20624. Sgt.s R.8. Minchin (RAF), J. Stretton (RAF), and FS. C.H. West (RAF) were also killed.
SMITH, J.O. J90368. Sgt.s N.D. Bishop (RAF) and H.C. Greb (RAF) and were also killed.
SMITH, K. J89042. Lancaster aircraft OS 788 (EQ-C). This crews first trip was a night attack against Leipzig, Germany. They were attacked by a night fighter and the rudders were shot out. The aircraft crashed at Kropswolde, Holland also killing F/O. J.A. Frampton, P/O.s J.J. Astles, K.H. Bennett, and Sgt. K.W. Tindall (RAF). F/O. G.W. Reynolds (RCAF) was taken Prisoner Of War and Sgt. F.W.C. Robertson (RAF) was an Evader.
SMITH, L.G. R90525. W/C. J.C. Archer was not a member of this crew. Six hours after WO. L.G. Smith and his crew left the aerodrome at Chivenor, an SOS was received from a position 100 miles south-west of Lands End. Nothing was heard after that. At dawn W/C. Archer took off to search for the missing aircraft. He reached the area of the radar fix and reported that he could find nothing. For details of what happened to W/C. Archer and his crew please see Vye, 8.E.A. this addendum. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
SMITH, L.H. C18975. Halifax aircraft LV 923 was in a mid-air collision with a #622 Squadron Lancaster aircraft ND 767 during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. S/L. G. Laird DFM, P/O.s J.C. Corbally, F/O. W.E. Soeder, FS. AJ. Stainton, and FS. W.P. Clapham (RAF) were also killed. One Canadian, F/O. J. Moffatt, was an Evader and P/O. J. Morrison DFC (RAF) died of his injuries about thee weeks later.
SMITH, L.I. J10310. The target was Osnabrock, not Osnabruk. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SMITH, M.M R292956. Liberator aircraft 82 950 took off for a secret destination, nine minutes later the aircraft crashed at Minneriya, Ceylon whilst returning to the airfield. Crew and passengers, F/O. W.L. Knight, Sgt. A.R. Thomson, LAC.s J.C. Cameron (RAF), L.S. Holmes (RAF), J.V.H. Kitchener (RAF), E.J. Long (RAF), L.J. Schuler (RAF), F/O.s H.W. Daniels (RAF), J.P. Hynes (RAAF), W. Sykes (RAF), FS.s D. Davenport (RAF), E.G. Wood (RAF), Cpl.s R.W. Hubbard (RAF), T.J. O’Riordon (RAF), Sgt.s D. Lumley (RAF), J.P. Taylor (RAF), ACl.s F.C.M Sage (RAF), and W.C. Stewart (RAF) were also killed.
SMITH, N.L.L. J95486. Sgt. H.A. Marshall was RAF.
SMITH, R.B. J15451. Lancaster aircraft R 5683 was outbound for Duisburg, Germany when it exploded in the air and crashed near Buuerwick, Lincolnshire. FS.s G. Appleyard D.F.M. (RAF), M. Darvill D.F.M. (RAF), Sgt.s R.L. Beaddie (RAF), L.W. Young (RAF), J.D. Davie (RAF), and J.W. Grimwade (RAAF) were also killed.
SMITH, R.W. J87649. The aircraft was engaged in a radar test & fighter affiliation when it crashed. The 1st. pilot, Flying Officer P.E. Krause (USAAF) was also killed. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
SMITH, W.B. R62188. Sgt. Copley not Sopley and Sgt. Stickland not Strickland. The complete crew list as follows: Whitley aircraft Z 6484 was lost over enemy territory during night ops to Kiel, Germany. Sgt.s A Cooke (RAF), A. Gregory (RAF), A.T. Copley (RAF) and D.R. Stickland (RAF) were also killed.
SMITHER, R. C1594. The aircraft was shot down near Staplehurst, not Staplehorst. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SMITH-JONES, H. V. R107964. Wellington aircraft HE 728 (NA-8) went down in the sea off the Frisian Islands, Holland. WO. K. Edward Radcliffe, FS.s W.M. Manson, 1.V. Agate, and Sgt. I.P.O. Rushton (RAF) were also killed.
SNYDER, P.E. J3732. Wellington aircraft Z 6657 crashed at Necreinhoven, Holland. Sgt.s J. Bradshaw (RAF), J.E. Gittins (RAF), C.G. Humble (RAF), and H. Hannay (RAF) were also killed.
SOEDER, W.E.P. J13272. Halifax aircraft LV 923 was in a mid-air collision with a #622 Squadron Lancaster aircraft ND 767 during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. S/L. G. Laird DFM, P/O.s L.H. Smith, J.C. Corbally, FS. A.J. Stainton, and FS. W.P. Clapham (RAF) were also killed. One Canadian, F/O. J. Moffatt, was an Evader and P/O. J. Morrison DFC (RAF) died of his injuries about thee weeks later.
SOLES, D.E. R64339. A Memorial to the crew of 57 Squadron Wellington aircraft W 5434/ (DX-Y) was established at St. Andrews Church, Stapleford, Cambridge, England. “O’ I HAVE SLIPPED THE SURLY BONDS OF EARTH; Sgt. L. Hutchison RAAF; Sgt. F. McNeill RAF; Sgt. F.K. Crossley RAF; F. Sgt. L.T. Lawson RCAF; Sgt. A.C. Turgeon RCAF; Sgt D.F. Soles RCAF; 3rd. September 1941.” Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
SOLLIE, J.B. R150594. J. B. Sollie and R.F. Sollie were brothers.
SOLLIE, R.F. J93048. J. B. Sollie and R.F. Sollie were brothers.
SPARKS, B.N.G. C1492. Add this biography after Sparkes, L. V. – SP ARKS, BRYAN NOBEL GEORGE W/C(P) C1492 D.S.O. From Windsor, Ontario. Died Aug.11/45 age 32. #356 Squadron. W/C Sparks died of poliomyelitis in 86 I.G.H., lndia Wing Commander Pilot Sparks is buried in the Kranji Military Cemetery, Singapore, Malaya.
SPARKS, W/C Bryan Noble George (C1492) – Distinguished Service Order – No.356 Squadron (deceased) – Award effective 25 September I 945 as per London Gazette dated 2 October 1945 and AFRO 1822/45 dated 7 December 1945. Born 1913 in Wormley, Herts.; home in Windsor or Walkerville, Ontario (mechanic); enlisted in Windsor, 2 January 1940. Commissioned January 1940. Died of natural causes, 11 August 1945 in Malaya Award presented to next-of-kin, 1 April 1949. The citation reads – “First as flight commander, and later as squadron commander, this officer has proved to be an outstanding leader both in the air and on the ground. On operations his enthusiasm, skill and cheerful courage have set an inspiring example and have been reflected in the high standard of operational efficiency maintained in his squadron. Wing Commander Sparks’ leadership has materially contributed to the successful completion of many missions flown by his squadron in formation and in single sorties.”
NOTE: Public Records Office Air 2/9632 has recommendation dated 19 May 1945 when he had flown 27 sorties (269 hours five minutes. Detail provided by L. Allison, Roland, Manitoba and H. Halliday, Orleans, Ontario.
SPEIR, J.G. J5136. The crew of a Lancaster aircraft R5499 (EM-0) took off from RAF Station, Bottesford on a Gardening (mine laying) operation and were never heard from again. FS. M.W. Atkins, Sgt. C.W. Musto (RAAF), and four RAF members, FS. L.G. Cladis, F/O.s G. Easley, S. Glazebrook D.F.M, and P/O. R.R. Harten were also killed.
SPENCER, H.P. R100196. Sgt.s H.A. Briggs (RAF), C.H. Longley (RAF), and D.R. Wilson (RAF) were also killed.
SPENCER, F.A. R139365. Lancaster aircraft ED 547 crashed five miles south-east of the target Berlin, Germany during night operations. Five RAF members of the crew, F/O. F. Allen, Sgt. S. Allom, D. Wetherell, R. Yale, R. Evans, and P/O. B. Tait (RAAF) were also killed.
SPERLING, J.P. R94622. The aircraft crashed during a landing in the Skidegate Channel between Maude and Lina Islands, British Columbia, not the Skidmore Channel between Caule and Leading Island.
SPICER, H.V. J15854. Hudson aircraft AM 712 was carrying 4 x 250 lb. bombs when it was lost while attacking the German escort vessels that were escorting the German battleships, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, through the English Channel. S/L. W.A. Anderson D.F.C. and three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s N. Jordan, A.F. Muris, and FS, S. Walker were also killed. The price Coastal and Bomber Command paid for their futile attack on these two battleships was staggering. The Allies lost 48 aircraft and nearly all the crews, another 22 aircraft were badly damaged. Enemy losses were 13 sailors and 11 pilots killed. The C.O., Air Chief Marshall Sir Philip Jubert wrote his memoirs of the raid in great detail in 1955 and made no mention of#407 Squadron.
SPINKS, W.E. R183116. Correct spelling is Limborg, not Lirnbourg. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SPONSLER, H. R122267. Target – Wuppertal, Germany. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s F.C. Detley, T.B. Morris, H. Lloyd, P/O.s J. Shepherd, and A.W. Flack (RNZAF) were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A Lovett.
SPOONER, K.G. R179314. SPOONER, LAC Kenneth Gerald (RI 79314) – George Cross – No.4 AOS – Award effective 28 December 1943 as per London Gazette dated 7 January 1944 and AFRO 166144 dated 28 January 1944. Trained at No.5 ITS and No.4 AOS. Incident occurred 14 May 1943, 1845 hours. In fact, there were three fatalities, not two as suggested by citation. Crew was: PILOT – Sergeant D.A. Nelson (RJ37915), missing. WOPAG – Sergeant W.J. Brown (R132466), missing. AB UNDER TRAINING-LAC J.A. Curtis (R151200), uninjured. NAV UNDER TRAINING – LAC K.G. Spooner (R179312), missing. NAV UNDER TRAINING – LAC R.H. Bailey (R179709), uninjured. Detail provided by H. Halliday, Orleans, Ontario.
SPRATT, C.R. R59112. Four RAF crew members, Sgt.s E.J. Buckton, R.G.P. Capham, G. Martins, and P/O. T.M.F. Hulse were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
SPRY, L.M. J39881. Crew member Sgt J.M. Andrews was not RCAF he was a Flight Sergeant in the RAF.
ST. AUBIN, A.L.D. J6230. P/O. St. Aubin’s given name was Alphonse not Alohense. Detail provided by Nadine Murray, Windsor, Ontario.
ST. HILAIRE, J.A.G.I. R104575. The accident occurred on the Lincoln/Sleaford Road, not the Lincoln/Leaford Road. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
STACK, G.D.E. J3119. Target – Mannheim, Germany. Wellington aircraft X 9750 failed to return from operations. P/O. C.M. Didsbury (RNZAF) and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s R.G. Burnett. E.J. Page, W.J. Crowsley, and N.E. Mills were also killed.
STAINTON, A.J R158503. Halifax aircraft LY 923 was in a mid-air collision with a #622 Squadron Lancaster aircraft ND 767 during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. S/L. G. Laird DFM, P/O.s L.H. Smith, J.C. Corbally, F/O. W.E. Soeder, and FS. W.P. Clapham (RAF) were also killed. One Canadian, F/O. J. Moffatt, was an Evader and P/O. 1. Morrison DFC (RAF) died of his injuries about thee weeks later.
STAPLETON, J.W. J23460. Lancaster aircraft NE 169 failed to return from a night attack against a flying bomb site near Wizernes, France. F/O. E.A. Salomaa, P/O. D.H. Manson and four RAF members of the crew Sgt.s J. Greeves, D. Eggleston, WO. E.G. Smith DFM, and FS. A Fretwell were also killed.
STEELS, A.O. R156911. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A. Robinson, J.E. McQuade, D.E. Ashton, and FS. T.P. Walton (RAAF) were also killed. #149 Squadron. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
STEEVES, H.D. J7474. The aircraft number was AP 185 not AP I 185. F/O. Steeves was dispatched on a daylight, low level, shallow penetration of the French coast searching for targets of opportunity such as power stations and rail rolling stock. This type of operation was known as a “Rhubarb”. F/O. Steeves encountered severe visibility problems and crashed returning to base.
STEEVES, J.A. R64734. Target – Berlin, Germany. Whitley aircraft Z 9128 was armed with 1 x 1,000, 1 x 1,500lb. general purpose bombs and 360 x 4 lb. incendiary bombs when it was lost in battle over the North Sea Sgt.s V.L. Brown (RAAF), W.C. Clarke (RAF), T.H. Thorley (RAF), and PIO. J.C. Allchin (RAF) were also killed.
STEIN, I. R56106. Target – Essen, Germany. Sgt.s G.W. McDonald (RAF) and T. Rogers (RAF) were also killed. Sgt. A.L. Lord (RCAF) and F/O. T.H. Taylor (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
STEINHAUER, G.H. R70825. Halifax aircraft W IO 15 (TL-P) crashed near Kristiansund, Norway during an attack against the German Battleship Tirpitz which was moored in Faettenfiord, Norway. Six RAF members of the crew, P/O. P.O. Brown, Sgt.s E.T. Meade, M. Cowan, D.G.J. Campbell, J.B. Dunlop, and FS. L.E. Goodrum were also killed.
STENTIFORD, H.F. R73201. Target – Berlin, Germany. Whitley aircraft Z 6972 (GE-P) crashed in the sea eighty miles off Souter Point, enemy action. P/O.s C.T. Lane,
K.M. Tuckfield (RAF), Sgt.s Rowley-Blake (RAF), and A. Scott (RAF) were also killed.
STEPHEN, H.A. R81700. Seven RAF members of the crew, F/L. W.G. Payne, Sgt. J. Bassett, FS.s G.H. Cockburn, A. Palmer, K.J. Spackman, L.A. Windress, and WO. R.A. Scott were also killed.
STEPHENS, J.M. R160280. The aircraft crashed north of Wymswold aerodrome, not Wymlswol. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
STEPHENS, D.E. J40767. FS. R. Harvey (RAF), and W.B. Warr (RAF) were also killed.
STEPHENSON, E.T. 637887. Sgt. Stephenson was buried in the Ramleh Cemetery, Israel.
STEPHENSON, F.C. R64431. Target – Frankfurt, Germany. Sgt. A. W. Smith (RAF) was also killed, two RAF crew members were taken Prisoners Of War.
STEPHENSON, W.T.R R52876. Wellington aircraft W 5532 (EP-M) was on operations to Koln, Germany when it crashed SSW of Gainsborough at South Leverton, Lincolnshire, England. Five RAF crew members, Sgt.s J.W. Nolan, K. Hutchinson, I.H. Henderson, P/O. P.J. Murphy, and FS. S.C. Steward were also killed.
STERNS, W.M. J5306. Lancaster aircraft ND 358 (GT-T) was shot down by a night fighter and crashed 1km South of Zasenbeck, Germany during a night attack against Leipzig, Germany. WO. J.W. Gibb (RAF) D.F.C., F/O.s C.D. Gough D.F.C., (RAF), R.L. Reeves (RAF), S/L. A.D. Saunders D.F.C. (RAF), F/L. W.J. Donner D.F.C (RAAF), and P/O. J.W. Taylor (RAF) were also killed.
STEVENS, P.B. J24458. Halifax aircraft BB 310 was on a night training exercise when it crashed into a hill ten miles east of Penrith, Lttle Dale near the Silver Band Mine, Cumberland, Scotland. FS.s H.S. Seabrook, D.W. Swedberg, F. Pess, F/O. S. Brookes (RAF), Sgt.s W.J. Morrison (RAF), R.J. Littlefield (RAF), H. Dunningham (RAF), FS. W.A. Johnson DFM (RAF) were also killed. There were 5 Wireless Operator Air Gunners, 2 Pilots, a Navigator, and a Flight Engineer on board for this trip.
STEVENSON, E.J. R59110. Wellington aircraft W 5580 (EP-K) ditched in the North Sea while on night Ops. to Berlin, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s H.P. White, A.E. Simpkin, D.C. Hodge, P/O. R.H. McGlashan, and F/O. R.B. Verver were also killed.
STEWART, H.C.E. R210519. #6 E.F.T.S. was located at Dunnville, Ontario, not Dunville. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
STEWART, R. J18281. Operational detail should read – Halifax aircraft JD 464 (VR-N) was shot down by a night-fighter and crashed near the Black Forest, Germ.any during a bombing trip to Berlin, Germany. FS.s V.A. Cleveland, and D.H. Garland, were also killed. P/O. S. James (RCAF), Sgt.s L. Northcliffe (RCAF), A. Embley (RAF), and H.R Tenny (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War.
STEWART, D.B. J10573. Liberator aircraft BZ 753 was on an anti-sub patrol when the crew signaled they were being attacked by enemy aircraft. F/O. C.W. Foster (RAF), FS.s D.W. Mcinnis, F.F. Mercer, A. Fieldhouse (RAF), W.F. Garrod (RAF), F/L.s J. Rintoul (RAF), and E.M.C. Guest (RAF) were also killed.
STINSON,L.A. J17695. P/O. Stinson enlisted in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1941, trained at Brandon and Virden, Manitoba, Saskatoon and Mossbank, Saskatchewan. Posted overseas in July of 1942. Detail from the book “World War ll 1939 – 1945”.
STOCKDALE, G.E. J24298. Lancaster aircraft ME 810 (UL-K2) was shot down by a German night-fighter aircraft. F/O. D.W. Stewart (RAF), Sgts D. Ernest (RAF), J. Kilvington (RAF), and E.H. Morgan (RAF) were also killed.
STOCKWELL, G.M.F. R129291. The crew of Liberator aircraft BZ 885 took off on an anti-sub patrol when the aircraft dived into the ground, shortly after take-off, at Sigeriya, Ceylon. WO.s A.E. Ferguson, W.C. Love, E.C. Currie, R.W. MacDonald, W.C. Love, F/O. D.G. Davie (RAF), and FS. D. Kirk (RAF) were all killed in the crash. The aircraft caught fire and the depth charges exploded.
STORMER, L.M. R112684. FS. K.E. Longmore (RAAF), and five RAF crew members, FS. V.A. Weaver, Sgt.s G.C. Jeffreys, CJ. Purcell, A.E. Lloyd, and R.L. Jones were also killed.
STRACHAN, W.A R64240. Additions to the crew list Sgt.s K.G. MacLcay (RAF), J.W. Bent (RAF), and A. Webster (RAF) were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
STRANDBERG, E. R134019. Lancaster aircraft ED 351 (KM-Y) crashed during night bombing operations to Duisburg, Germany. Six RAF crew members, Sgt.s L.J. Yeo, F.G. Ward, R.G. Prince, R.A. Asbury, S. Richardson, and FS. LC. Haines were also killed.
STROH, K.A. J27997. Sgt. E. Leather (RAF) was also killed.
STUART, R.B. R97131. It was Sgt. L. Oldford who was killed, not Sgt. L. Olford.
STUART, W. R60298. Whitley aircraft Z 6932 hit a high tension wire whilst taking off for an Air Test. FS. Stuart, P/O. R.S. Austin (RNZAF), and Sgt. P.W. Bryant (RAF), were killed when their aircraft crashed and burned near Chadhill, Northumberland. FS. Stuart was not killed in action.
STUBBS, J.L. R162969. Liberator aircraft BZ 800 failed to return from an anti-sub patrol over the Bay of Biscay. WO. R.J. Lawrie was also killed. Six of the crew, not Canadians, missing believed killed.
STUCKLESS, J.G. 798641. The crew list is; P/O J.H. Barton (RAF), Sgt. J.F. Maher (RAF – Canadian), and Sgt. 8. Boyton (RAAF). Research material provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, N.S.
STUMPH, G.J. R198848. The landing strip was at Grave, Holland, not Grove, Holland. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
STUSIAK, N. J35984. The aircraft crashed near Bransgore Village, not Bransgrove Village. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
SUGGITT, W.R. J15131. Lancaster aircraft DV 382 (K.C-J) was returning to base after refueling after operations when it crashed ten miles east of Chichester, Sussex, England. F/O.s J.M. Dempster DFM, NJ. Davidson, J.I. Gordon D.F.C. (RAAF), P/O. S. Hall (RAAF), FS.s J. Pulford DFM (RAF), and J. Riches (RAF) were also killed.
SULLIVAN, P.W R159189. The crew of Stirling aircraft EF 468 were outward bound on Ops. when their aircraft crashed at Bussy Stool Farm six miles north of Tarrant, Rushton, England. WO.s P.W. Sullivan, C.H. Hunter, FS. R.C. Lysons (RAF), Sg s D.M. Mc.Cannell (RAF), and J.E. Sawford (RAF) were also killed.
SUTHERLAND, G.K. R81424. Stirling aircraft BF 320 missing during a strike against Saarbrucken, Germany. FS.s C.R. Spratt, W.V. Pickering, four RAF crew members, Sgt.s E.J. Buckton, R.G.P. Capharn, G. Martins, and P/O. T.M.F. Hulse were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
SUTHERLAND, W.R. R62186. Sgt. K.J. Barton was not a member of this crew. Wellington aircraft R 1608 lost while engaged in Ops. to Kiel, Germany. Sgt.s H. Ward (RAF), G.L. Bentley (RAF), A..C. Frost (RAF), T. Jones (RAF), and R. Straughan (RAF) were also killed.
SUTHERS, H. R161424. Lancaster aircraft HK 537 (JO-S) missing during operations against Berlin, Germany. Sgt.s F.C.W. Bull (RAF), R.J. Grist (RAF), F.E. Robson (RAF), FS. L.H. Christrnass (RAF), F/L. N.P. Cooper (RAAF), and P/O. G.J. Kerr (RAAF) were also killed.
SVENDSEN, H. C27773. The passage should read “when their aircraft crashed” not “when their crashed”. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
SWEDBERG, D.W. R177995. Halifax aircraft BB 310 was on-a night training exercise when it crashed into a· hill ten miles east of Penrith, Lttle Dale near the Silver Band Mine, Cumberland, Scotland. P/O. P.B. Stevens, FS.s H.S. Seabrook, F. Pess, F/O. S. Brookes (RAF), Sgt.s W.J. Morrison (RAF), R.J. Littlefield (RAF), H. Dunningham (RAF), FS. W.A. Johnson DFM (RAF) were also killed. There were 5 Wireless Operator Air Gunners, 2 Pilots, a Navigator, and a Flight Engineer on board for this trip.
SWENSEN, S.P. 40328. F/O. Swensen was killed when his damaged Whitley aircraft P 4982 hit a balloon cable at Selby, Yorkshire, England. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A..K. Dawson, J.B. O’Brien, L.P. Stubberfield, and RA Tait were also killed. F/O. Swenson had flown Fairey Battle aircraft with #98 Squadron during the Battle of France.
SWINTON, T.R. J86402. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft No. LL 184-K failed to return from night operations against Leipzig, Germany. P/O. D.J.V. Dawson, and the other members of the crew who were also killed were all RAF, they were WO. J. Dunlop, Sgt.s W. Neil, C.S. Foster, C.E. Jones, and B.R. Garfield.
TABOR, W.T. R51583. Hampden aircraft was on special detachment when it was shot down by Russian Forces and went down in the sea near Kela Inlet. Other crew members were picked up by the Russian Navy and eventually returned to England. Flight Sergeant Air Gunner Tabor is buried in the Vaenga Russian Naval Cemetery, Severomorsk, Russia. Detail provided by W. Hood, Victoria, British Columbia.
TAERUM, T.H. J16688. Six other members of the crew who were also killed were, S/L. G. Holden DSO, DFC (RAF}, Sgt. D. Powell (RAF), F/O.s F. Spafford DFC, DFM (RAAF), H.J. Pringle DFC (RAF), P/O. T. Meikle DFM (RAF), and F/L. R. Hutchison DFC & Bar (RAF).
TAIT, W.R. R141092. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt. D.N. Clough, FS.s T.B. Cragg, C. Mabbott, A.J. Murphy, and P/O. D.G. Benning were also killed.
TAME, L.J. R166793. It was a Link Trainer, not a Lynk Trainer. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TAYLER, M.E. J16534. The Serial number at enlistment was R67047. The Sunderland aircraft was in transit to TABOR, W.T. R51583. Hampden aircraft was on special detachment when it was shot down by Russian Forces and went down in the sea near Kela Inlet. Other crew members were picked up by the Russian Navy and eventually returned to England. Flight Sergeant Air Gunner Tabor is buried in the Vaenga Russian Naval Cemetery, Severomorsk, Russia. Detail provided by W. Hood, Victoria, British Columbia.
TAERUM,T.H. J16688. Six other members of the crew who were also killed were, S/L. G. Holden DSO, DFC (RAF}, Sgt. D. Powell (RAF), F/O.s F. Spafford DFC, DFM (RAAF), H.J. Pringle DFC (RAF), P/O. T. Meikle DFM (RAF), and F/L. R. Hutchison DFC & Bar (RAF).
TAYLER, M.E. J16534. The Serial number at enlistment was R67047. The Sunderland aircraft was in transit to Sierra Leone when it crashed. Four other members of RNZAF and three RAF airmen were injured.
TAYLOR, D.D.M. R132142. The ship left Tilbury, not Tislbury. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TAYLOR, D.G. R73449. The crash was near Tumberry, not Trunberry. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TAYLOR, G.S. J38520. Correct spelling is trouble not troubel. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TAYLOR, H.A R55406. Night bombing operations to Koln, Germany. Three RAF members of the crew, FS. J.E. Phillips, Sgt.s S.A Harvey, and R.K. Hayes were also killed.
TAYLOR, J.P. R72296. Wellington aircraft W 5656 missing during a night bombing trip to Frankfurt, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s D.M. Greey, J. Moules, F.W. Alleway, R.M. Griffin, and C. Deges were also killed.
TAYLOR, L.C. R75732. Wellington aircraft Z1141 was shot down in flames while engaged on night operations, a bombing attack against the German U-Boat base at St. Nazaire, France. Sgt. B.W. Harris (RAF) was also killed.
TAYLOR, M.C. J10511. The crash was near Steeple, not Steeply. Detail provided by A E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TAYLOR, M.E. J16534. The correct surname is TAYLER. Detail provided by Melvin E. Tayler’s sister.
TAYLOR, N.C. 798065. P/O. N.A. Gardiner (RNZAF), and five RAF members of the crew, FIL. G.F, Davey, FS.s J.K.G. Freeland, AV. House, J. Marshall. and Sgt. E.A Phillips were also killed.
TAYLOR, R.C. J21888. Target – Berlin, Germany. F/L. T.L. Griffiths (RAAF) and six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s BJ. Allen, C.A. Brown, F.E. Chapman, P.W. Wright, J.W. Griffiths, and FS. H. Morral were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
TAYLOR, R.M. R60109. See page 751. The crash was north-west of The Lizard, not The Lizzard. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TAYLOR, R.W. R15283. The aircraft involved was No. LK 998, not U 998 as reported. #517 squadron was formed as Meteorological Reconnaissance Squadron and was being trained as such. The aircraft to be used were to be especially equipped with a Met Observers position and Vickers Gas operated machine gun positions installed in positions cut into the side of the fuselage aft of the wing. The Halifaxes to be used were Mk 1 and early Mk 2 versions which had a badly designed tail and during violent maneuvers the rudder would Jock. On February 23rd a crew undertook the first fighter affiliation exercise under the direction of the Gunnery Leader who stood behind the pilot looking out the astrodome giving directions as the fighter made his approach. As the situation developed he began screaming tighter! steeper! until the pilot objected and told him to buzz off. On the next day the Gunnery Leader flew with this crew. The exercise proceeded normally, according to the Spitfire pilot, until as he closed his approach the Halifax started to steepen up his diving tum to port went into a flat spin until the whole tail broke off and the ale fell to the ground, having displayed all of the characteristics of rudder Jock. The investigation revealed that the Gunnery Leader had served previously on Sunderland aircraft which were capable of absorbing large amounts of punishment in extreme flying attitudes. Detail provided by R.J. Gurney, Dunrobin, Ontario.
TAYLOR, T.R. R91300. Stirling aircraft missing during a mine-laying operation. Sgt. A. Edgar (RAF) was also killed and one RAF member of the crew was taken Prisoner Of War.
TAYNEN, D.J. J10284. Remove all reference to TAYNEN, DENIS J.
TEASDALE, T.L.W. J23404. Four RAF members of the crew, WO. J. Skeel, Sgt.s W. Dawson, L. Gammage, and D.E. Hunt were also killed.
TETT, G.H. R52824. Wellington aircraft R 1794 missing while engaged in Ops. to Bremen, Germany. Sgt. W.F. Towlson, Sgt.s M.R. Ross (RAAF), and three RAF crew members, Sgt.s W.C. Shepherd, J.O. O’Donnell, and C.D. Asher were also killed.
THIBAULT, L.J.L. J15456. Just before midnight of 9 November L.J. Thibault and his crew took-off and vanished into the night sky over the Bay of Biscay. Shortly after the aircraft reached its patrol area in the Bay, a message was received that it had a radar contact; this was followed a few moments later by a second message that no enemy had been sighted. Nothing further was heard of, or from the aircraft. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
THIBEDEAU, R.F. J90043. Sgt. D. Chaston (RAF) was also killed and four RAF members of the crew, FS. G. Waugh, Sgt.s G. Price, D. Lynch, and R. Dunn were taken Prisoners Of War.
THOM, W.C. R54324. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft. HR 841-T went down, the target was Magdeburg, Germany. P/O. R.M. Duncan, Sgt.s G.M. Jandron, W. Cannon (RAF), F. Jarvis (RAF), FS.s H.H. Streeting (RAF), and K.W. Chalk (RAF) were also killed.
THOM, W.P. R57928. Two RAF members of the crew, S/L. R.T. Stubbs D.F.C. and Sgt. J.W. Bradley were also killed during this anti-shipping strike.
THOMLISON, J.M. R188523. F/O.s A.O. Archibald (RAAF), R.S.H. Browning (RAF), FS. A. Campbell (RAF), and Sgt. D.F. Taylor (RAF) were also killed.
THOMPSON, G.W. R118765. Wellington aircraft LN 435 (QO-J) missing over Holland. Sgt. L.O. Hardy (RAF) was also killed. One Canadian, Sgt.s W.H. Grigg, two RAF crew members, K. Jordan, and J. Barter were taken Prisoners Of War.
THOMPSON, H.B. R70308. Halifax aircraft LW 497 missing during night operations against Stuttgart, Germany. P/O.s J.F. O’Dowda, B.S. UppingtOn (RAF), S/L. L.H. Eno D.S.O., D.F.C. Sgt. J.O. Everitt (RAF), and F/O. L.F. Clarke {RAF) were also killed. One of the crew, not Canadian, was taken Prisoner Of War.
THOMPSON, L.H. R111346. Target – Peenemunde, Germany. Lancaster aircraft W 4766 (QR-J) was shot down by a night-fighter over the target P/O. J.C. Bradey, FS. R.K .. Buxton D.F.M. (RAF), Sgt.s J.F. Trotter D.F.M. (RAF), T.A. Harris (RAF), and N.W. Clark (RAF) were also killed. One RNZAF member of the crew and one RAF member of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
THOMPSON, M.H. J25843. Target – Hanover, Germany. Sgy. R. Cramp (RAAF) was also killed.
THOMPSON, R.F. J27160. FS. T.G. Dew (RAF) and Sgt. P.F. Ivett (RAF) were also killed.
THOMPSON, R.J. R78422. The aircraft was on a cross-country navigation flight not on anti-sub patrol. AC I. Hooper and AC. I Palmer were attached to this crew as wireless operator air gunners in training. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
THOMSON, A.R. R292869. Liberator aircraft BZ 950 took off for a secret destination, nine minutes later the aircraft crashed at Minneriya, Ceylon whilst returning to the airfield. Crew and passengers, F/O. W.L. Knight, FS. M.M. Smith, LAC.s J.C. Cameron (RAF), L.S. Holmes (RAF), J.V.H. Kitchener (RAF), E.J. Long (RAF), L.J. Schuler (RAF), F/O.s H. W. Daniels (RAF), J.P. Hynes (RAAF), W. Sykes (RAF), FS.s D. Davenport (RAF), E.G. Wood (RAF), Cpl.s R.W. Hubbard (RAF), T.J. O’Riordon (RAF), Sgt.s D. Lumley (RAF), J.P. Taylor (RAF), ACI.s F.C.M Sage (RAF), and W.C. Stewart (RAF) were also killed.
THOMSON, J.A. R121044. Sgt. S.E. Herbert was not a member of this crew, he was with P/O. J.B. Pettigrew’s crew.
THOMSON, J.M. R159123. F/O.s A.H. Salt (RAAF), J.B. Seith (RAAF), and FS. R.L. Sanders (RAF) were also killed.
THORNEYCROFT, L.E. R78983. Target – Neustadt, Germany. Lancaster aircraft ED 333 (OF-B). Sgt.s J. Izatt (RAF), W.H. Kelleher (RAF), and G. Bull (RAF) were also killed.
THORNTON, J.H. J19631. Five RAF member of the crew, Sgt.s C. Davis, A. Latham, J. Dyson, N. Cotrell, and FS. R. Thompson were also killed.
THORPE, D.M. R117355. Four RAF members of the crew, F/O. G. Bull, Sgt.s C. Wiltshire, C. Chamberlain, and FS. N. Batey were taken Prisoners Of War, FS. J. McWilliams (RAF) was an Evader.
THRASHER, J.W. J19337. Target – Liege. F/L. G. Rice DFC (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
TIGHE, L.J. R61115. FS. S.D. Wells (RNZAF), Sgt.s M.H. Elliott (RNAZF), E.H. Phillips (RAF), R.B. Flint (RAF), and E.G. Souter (RAF) were was also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
TINKER, E.T. J23964. Atkinson, Randall, Thompson, and French were RAF and Sgt. Hortie (RAF) was an Evader.
TOD, R.E. R91742. Target Mulheim, Germany. FS. J.L. Richards (RNZAF) and four RAF members of the crew, P/O. W. Stucky M.i.D., Sgt.s E. Grainger, R.A. Kennedy, and F/L. T.F. McCrorie were also killed.
TODD, R.M. R145403. Todd’s aircraft, DG 402 was not in a mid-air collision and had nothing to do with A.E. Gilverson. DG 402 descended through cloud to locate its position and struck high ground on Rudland Rigg. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
TOMLIN, J.C. R78052. Target – Cherbourg, France. Hampden aircraft P 5399 (EQ-W) crashed shortly after take-off.
TOMYN, S. R130533. Three RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s G. Hall, A. Symons, and A. Johnson were taken Prisoners Of War.
TONERI, L.E. C95173. F/O. F.S. Raferty is wrong, it should read F/O. F.S. Raftery.
TOOTH, G.A. R74914. See Knight M. this addendum for further information. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
TOPPING, C.C. R10199. Blenheim aircraft Z 7305 (MQ-T) was on an anti-shipping strike when it was hit by flak and crashed, Sgt.s G.V. Smith (RAF) and S. Burdon (RAF) were also killed.
TOPPINGS, I.J. J14576. Sgt.s J. Baldwin (RAF), A. Kendrick (RAF), H. Hepworth (RAF), WO.s J. Murphy (RAAF), and G. Wood (RAAF) were also killed, Sgt. L. Wooliscroft (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
TORGALSON, J.S. 42732. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J.W. Craig, J.V. Fulcher, C. Suggett, P/O.s C.W. Howie, and J.A. Rose were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
TOSHACK, R.H. R59108. The aircraft crashed in Portugal not Spain. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TOUPIN, L.L.V. J17295. The aircraft crashed in the sea of Dungeness, Kent, not Scotland. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TRAVALE, M. R75730. Halifax aircraft EB 135 lost in transit from Portreath, England to North Africa. P/O. W.R. Home, F/O. J. A. Smith, Sgt.s R.B. Minchin (RAF), J. Stretton (RAF), and FS. C.H. West (RAF) were also killed.
TREHERNE, H.C. J16069. F/O. Treherne was from Truro, Nova Scotia. FS.s Davidson and Berry were not members of this crew. The other members of this crew were all RAF; FS. MB. Noble, Sgt.s F.D. Ayerst, F. Birkin, R. Boxall, E.F. Lawrence, and S/L. F.J. Knight were also killed.
TUCKER, J.W. J40009. Sgts F.C. Moran (RAF), E.F. Cooper (RAF) were also killed.
TURGEON, A.C.J. R60667. See Soles, D.E. this addendum for further information. Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
TURNER, C.B. C95. G/C. Turner was from Lindsay, Ontario, not Lindasy, Ontario. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TURNER, H.A. J8079A. Aircraft letters were QO-N. The Lancaster was shot down by a German night-fighter aircraft over Holland. F/O. W. Fisher (USAAF) was also killed. Sgt 0. Lewis (RCAF) and FS. T. Pragnell (RAAF) were taken Prisoners Of War. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
TURNER, J.B. R60962. Target – Emden, Germany. Wellington aircraft W 5493 (EP-D) was returning from the target when it crashed and burned in Yorkshire, England. Sgt.s D.R. Bradley (RNZAF), J. Wilmot (RAF), and G. White (RAF) were also killed. Two RAF crew members were injured.
TWEDDELL, I.W. J10424. F/L. Tweddell was from Lashburn, Saskatchewan. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
TYSOWSKl, A.T. R106227. WO. Tysowski was from Veregin, not Verigin. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
URQUHART, R. R90824.Target – Peenemunde, Germany. Lancaster aircraft JA 900 crashed near Griefswald, Germany. FS.s A.N. Vidler (RAAF), R.J. Docker (RAF), Sgt.s L. Lucas (RAF), R. Laughton (RAF), E.G. Francis (RAF), S.W. James (RAF), and P.W. Mitchell (RAF) were also killed.
URQUHART, R.A. J9763. Target – the Eder dam, Germany. Lancaster aircraft ED 937 (AJ-Z) was shot down at Dusseldort; Germany during the Dambuster Raid. WO. AP. Cottam and five RAF members of the crew, S/L. H. Maudslay DFC, Sgt.s J. Marriott, N. Burrows, P/O. M. Fuller, and F/O. W. Tytherleigh were also killed.
USHER, M.L. J15861. Halifax aircraft R 9438 (TL-H) was returning from the Tirpitz raid on 31.3.41. The aircraft encountered cloud and icing and, accompanied by Halifax R 9453, short of fuel they headed for Sumburgh, which was the diversionary airfield. But Sumburgh was closed by fog and low cloud. With not enough fuel to go anywhere else they decided to bail out over an airfield. It is assumed the crew had their parachutes on, and were waiting by the hatches as “George” flew the Halifax towards Sumburgh from the west. The aircraft crashed into the top of sea cliffs of Fitful Head killing all the crew. The bodies of P/O. Usher and FS. Buckley were recovered from the sea. Some of the bodies of the RAF crew are still on the cliff face or are still trapped in the wreckage on the cliff face. There is a memorial on Fitful Head for this crew. RAF members of this crew were; F/S. J.B. Bushby, Sgt.s A.J. Peach, R.H. Meredith, G.N.E. Powell, and J.A. Wood. Detail and photo provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
UYEN, W. J23464. Halifax aircraft HX 421 missing during a night trip to Nuremberg, Germany. F/L. H.M. Hudson, Sgt.s J. Hillis (RAF), H. Monks (RAF), J.W. Morris (RAF), and F/L. A.G. Taylor D.F.C. (RAF) were also killed, FS. L. Nugent (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
UZELMAN, P. J93105. Lancaster aircraft PB 120 was on a daylight operation to Cologne, Germany when it was hit by flak and then shot up by fighter aircraft. The aircraft crashed in the center of the target killing F/L. A. Reif, P/O. K. Austin, Sgt. J. Paterson (RAF), and FS. G. Owen (RAF). Two Canadians, FS.s R.E. Pearce and J. MacLennan were taken Prisoners Of War.
VAIR, M.R.R. R71606. The aircraft was carrying 2 x 250 lb. general purpose bombs, not 2, 500 lbs. of bombs Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
VAN BUSKIRK, D.B. J3254. Ops. to Berlin, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J.E. Chadwick, SJ. Fenson, C. Murch, D.G. Pack, D.H. Stronach, and P/O. G.E. Sweeny were also killed.
VAN FLEET, R.D. J25706. Halifax aircraft LW 555 was shot down 3 miles north of Westerburg, Germany by German Lt. Becker flying an ME-110 lighter aircraft during a night operation against Nuremberg, Germany. F/O.s C.E. O’Brien, R.H. Carleton and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E. Martin, E. Bake, T. C. McFadden, and FS. A. L. Wangler were also killed.
VANULAR, J.H. J26359. WO. J. Coghlan (RAF) and FS. W. Dexter (RAF) were also killed.
VAUTOUR, A.C. R64920. Wellington aircraft BJ 841 was shot down and crashed fifteen miles west of Dusseldort; Germany at Monchen-Gladbach. Sgt. A.R. Dally (RNZAF) and three RAF crew members, Sgt.s D.D. Northfield, A.W. Daniel, and S.B. Ward were also killed.
VICKERS, E.K. R63911. The aircraft crashed near Ashington, not Acklington. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
VIDAL, A.E. R92411. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.C. Butler, A.C. Redshaw, A. Smith, P/O.s J.L. Houlston, and J.P. Tay were also killed.
VOSE, R.B. R74102. Target – Emden, Germany. Sgt.s J.W. Woodroffe (RAF), and P.W. Hewitt (RAF) were also killed. One RAF crew member was taken Prisoner Of War.
VYE, B.E.A. J11791. When Wellington aircraft MP 539, flown by L.G. Smith and crew, failed to return from an anti-sub patrol over the Bay of Biscay, W/C. J.C. Archer and crew made a dawn take-off to search for the missing aircraft. Archer’s crew, in Wellington HF 124, soon reached the area indicated by the radar fix provided but nothing was found. Shortly after making this report the aircraft reported that it was being attacked by enemy aircraft and they were between the Scilly Isles and Brest. Enemy long-range fighters were active over the Bay at this period and presumably their dawn patrol had intercepted this aircraft and possibly also WO. Smith’s aircraft. Those lost with F/O. Vye were F/O. J.E. Godwin, F/L. J. Craig, F/O. D.S. Bier, F/O. D.R. Parker, and W/C. J.C. Archer (RAF). Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
WADE, R.H. J86403. Lancaster aircraft LL 720 (EQ-R) was shot down in the sea during a night trip to Leipzig, Germany. F/L. E.S. Winn, F/O.s J.R. Leaman, J.R. Bonneville, P/O. E. Dramnitzke, TS. N.H.H. Brown (USAAF), and Sgt. E.W. Bolt (RAF) were also killed.
WAINWRIGHT, K.R. R69633. Target – Schwerte, Germany. Whitley aircraft T 4279 (KN-F) lost over enemy held territory. Four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s D.K. McFarland, LS.Dyer, D.H. Pingel, and P/O. G.V. Heslop were also killed.
WALDRON, W.L. R64120. Target – Emden, Germany. Wellington aircraft R 1440 failed to return from operations. Five RAF member of the crew Sgt.s G.W. Brown, C.W. Hall, W.R. Moore, H.V. Wansbrough, and P/O. T. Fairhurst were also killed.
WALKER, G.V. R212817. Reference to P/O. W.T. De Marco should read F/O. W.T. Demarco.
WALKINSHAW, G.M. R162747. LAC. Walkingshaw was killed in aircraft 8126. Walkingshaw is wrong. The correct spelling is Walkinshaw.
WALLACE, J.D. 128258. RAF Sgt. S.J. Groucott was not a member of this crew. Detail provided by L. Coleman, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
WALLACE, W.A. J15180. Five RAF members of the crew FS.s H.R. Crust, T. Lecky, Sgt.s C.R. MacGregor, R. Morgan, and F/O. H.P. Willson were also killed.
WALLNER, J.I. R143738. Sgt. D. Parkin (RAF) was also killed and five RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
WALTER,E.A. R102128. WO. Walters was from Veregin, not Verigin. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WALTERS, E.J. R131192. Lancaster aircraft ED 825 (AJ-E) was shot down at Meharicourt, France during a night trip over enemy-held territory. F/O. G.H. Weeden, WO. R. Cummnings, FS. R.G. Howell (RAF), P/O. R.N. Jones (RAF), Sgt.s A.W. Richardson (RAF), and B. Robinson (RAF) were also killed.
WALTHAM, G.D. R109139. FS. Muckle was the lone occupant of Tiger Moth 4322. LAC.s Willett and Waltham were killed in Tiger Moth 4372. Detail provided by F. Mcfee, Regina, SK.
WARBURTON, E. R56900. Whitley aircraft Z 9141 (MH-J) was carrying 1 x 1,000, 1 x 500, 2 x 250 lb. general purpose bombs and 6 x 4 lb. incendiary bombs when it was lost during operations to Hamburg, Germany. Sgt. V. Sature, F/L. E.A. Barsby (RAF), Sgt. J.H. Knight (RAF), and P/O. S.D. Steel (RNZAF) were also killed.
WARK, A.M. J16662. Lancaster aircraft ED 367 (PO-H) failed to return from an attack against Duisberg, Germany. P/O. R.T. Hanbidge, FS.s S.V. Woyce, D.H. Powell, H.A. Horton, Sgt.s E. Florey (RAF), and J. Humphries (RAF) were also killed.
WARNICK, A.R. R89237. BROTHER to FS. E.E. Warnick. Sgt. Warnick is buried in the Poix-de-Picardie Churchyard at Poix-de-la-Somme, Somme, France. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WARNICK, E.E. R84138. BROTHER to Sgt. A.R. Warnick. #114 Hong Kong Squadron not Hong Cong Squadron. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WARWICK, D.W. J11112. Seven RAF members of the crew who were also killed were, P/O. W. Divall, Sgt.s E. Blake, A. Williams, G. Miles, D. Allatson, FS.s R. McArthur, and J. Simpson.
WATKINSON, J.L. R69360. FS. D.H. Harrison was not in this crew. FS. D.G.H. Johnson, Sgt.s. T. Gill (RAF), A. Morris (RAF), and T. Clarke D.F.M. (RAF) were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
WATSON, I.R. R77490. Target – Bremen, Germany. Halifax aircraft V 9993 (GV-U) was damaged by a German night-fighter from the airbase at Twente. The Halifax was damaged to the extent that the crew had to bail out Four Canadians, FS. H.F. Spratt, P/O. W.H. Andrews, Sgt. R.W. Wagstaff, F/O. D.B. McKenzie and Sg V.A. Martin (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War. F/O. K.D. Whisken D.F.C (RAF) was also killed. Detail provided by N. Murphy, Windsor, ON.
WATT, B.E. J90946. Six RAF crew members, F/O. A.V. Bone, Sgt.s R. Cope, R.N. Foster, R.J. Rooney, R.C. White, and C.W. Yelland were also killed.
WAY, W.H. J10777. FS. R.H. Cooper (RAF), L.W. Zingelmann (RAAF), J.E. Jennings (RAF), and P/O. D.R. Hollingsworth (RAF) were also killed.
WAY, J.O. R102353. The crew of Stirling aircraft BF 451 (AA-Z) took off on ops to Mannheim, Germany and were never heard from again. P/O. K.H. Graves (RNZAF), Sgt.s R.C. Stone (RNZAF), T.G. Shergold (RAF), L.E. Everden (RAF), L.C. Cameron (RAF), R.L. Pierson (RAF) and R.F. Wanstell (RAF) were also killed. There were two pilots on board.
WEAKLEY, L.O R67735. Target – Dusseldorf, Germany. Halifax aircraft DT 721 (MH-J) was shot down by a night-tighter over Holland. Sgt.s L.J. Hammond (RAAF) and J.A. Oaragon (RAF) were also killed. Four RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
WEATHERALL, R.L. J18150. F/O. Weatherall had completed over thirty trips, had begun his second tour and was killed when his Lancaster aircraft ND 845 (MG-C) was in a mid-air collision over the target Le Mans, Sarther, France. They collided with another 7 Squadron Lancaster JB 653 (MG-R) killing all the aircrew in both aircraft. Those killed in F/O. Weatherall’s Lancaster were; W/C. J.F. Barron D.S.O., D.F.C., D.F.M. (RNZAF), S/L.s P.R. Coldwell D.S.O., D.F.M. (RAF), J. Baker D.S.O., D.F.C. (RAF), FS. D.A. Wood (RAF), P/O. A. Price (RAF), WO. J. Lamonby (RAF), and F/O. J.W. Walters D.F.C. (RNZAF).
WEAVER, H.D. R62250. The aircraft number was X 3030. Sgt.s J. Tankard (RAF), E. Parker (RAF), and R.F. Abernethy (RAF) were also killed.
WEBB, C.W. J17776. Sgt. S. McC. Edwards (RCAF) and FS. G. Lowden (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War. Four RAF crew members, P/O. V. Baker, Sgt.s W.J. Vaughan, J.H. Richards, and FS. A. Davie were also killed.
WEBB, G.T. R64119. The crew of a Stirling aircraft N 6007 were engaged in daylight Ops. to Bremen, Germany when they were attacked by an enemy aircraft. The Stirling crashed in the North Sea Six RAF crew members, F/L. J.K.. Collins, FS. D. W. Chapple, Sgt.s W. Hardie, C. Kelly, A. T. Cole, and F.C. Williams were also killed.
WEBB, M.G. R101741. Sgt. Webb was from Geraldton, not Geralton. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WEBBER, R. R106709. Target – Essen, Germany. Halifax aircraft OT 795 (NP-N) missing since take-off, nothing heard since. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s T.W. Trollope, W.D. Hawkins, J.C. Jones, P.H. Eldridge, and G.S. Walters were also killed.
WEBBER, W.F. R54909. Sgt. Webber was not killed in action. Wellington aircraft W 5448 (HA-Z) was on a training exercise when it crashed south-east of Downham Market, Norfolk, England. Four RAF members of the crew, P/O. B.E. Lymberry, Sgt.s K.W. Coates, L. Crawshaw, G.L. Bayley were all killed in the crash. One RAF crew member died later of injuries received.
WEBSTER, L.W. R151294. FS. F. Feamley (RAF), Sgt.s H. W. Tasker (RAF), L.L. Hall (RAAF), and P/O. R.E. Davenport (RAF) were also killed. Three other RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
WEEDEN, G.H. J17287. Lancaster aircraft ED 825 (AJ-E) was hit by flak and crashed near Meharicourt, France during a night supply drop over Northern France. WO.s R. Cummings, E.J. Walters, FS. R.G. Howell (RAF), P/O. R.N. Jones (RAF), Sgt.s A.W. Richardson (RAF), and B. Robinson (RAF) were also killed.
WEEKS, H.H. C3931. Should read “Wings Test” not “wings test”. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WEIR, J.E. R69586. Wellington aircraft Z 8782 (BL-E) exploded over Karlsruhe, Germany during a night bombing operation to Numberg, Germany. FS.s R.M. McIntyre, J.J. McDonald (RAF), Sgt.s K.D. Edis (RAF), J.E. Hawkins (RAF), and R.E. Bates (RAF) were also killed.
WELCH, H.M. J19121. The passenger killed was 23 year-old WAAF Dorothy Robson. Dorothy was known as “Bombsight Bertha”. She was recruited for specialist work calibrating bomb-aiming equipment. She traveled around the north of England in an old van converted into a mobile workshop. Her love of flying and fearlessness meant Dorothy often accompanied air crews on test flights to help perfect their bomb aiming technique. While engaged on a test run over Market Weighton, near Driffield, in Humberside, her aircraft LK 681 (MP-A) crashed into high ground at Enthorpe House, Market Weighton. She was rushed to hospital but, along with everyone else on board, died from her injuries. Detail provided by David E. Thompson, Stockton-on-Tees, England.
WELLBURN, D.C. 940965 D.F.C. – Royal Air Force. Target – Berlin, Germany. Lancaster aircraft JB 132 was returning from the target when it was in a mid-air collision with a Lancaster from a Conversion Unit. F/O.s R.L. Clarke (RAAF), T.F. Joyce (RAF), F/L. R.E. Davies (RAF), Sgt.s J.K. Watson (RAF), J.R. Forrest (RAF), J. Blackett (RAF), and A. Paterson (RAF) were also killed.
WEST, W.R. R76959. Target – Hanau, Germany. The crew of Wellington aircraft Z 1156 were not heard from since taking off on a night operation carrying full bomber equipment. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A.A. Ferguson, V.P. Wheaton, D.O. George, H. Chilvers, and N. Ramsbottom were also killed.
WESTBROOK, K. R70530. WO. Westbrook was from Rouleau, not Roulcay. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WESTBROOKE, S.G. R64386. Target -Mannheim, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s T.H. Mahon, D.W. Soden, J.D. Lewis, J.H. Kay, and R.D. Partridge were also killed.
WEY, E.G. J24034. Four Canadians, FS. R.G. Douglas, Sgt. H. E. Sjoquist, F/O. E. G. Wey, F/O. D. T. Stewart, and Sgt. H. J. V. Vincent (RAF) were taken Prisoners Of War,
P/O.s S. H. Cullen and H.A. Clark were killed.
WHEELER, A.B. J4813 D.F.C. Hong Kong Squadron not Hong Cong. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WHEELER, J.A. R118123. Lancaster aircraft ND 503 (DX-E) was shot down by flak and a night-tighter attack. The aircraft crashed at Volske, 12km SW of Gifhorn, whilst engaged in night operations, a raid against Leipzig, Germany. Sgt.s J. Dixon, C.V. Clarke (RAF), W. Rees (RAF), P/O. W.G. Davies (RAF), and F/O. K.J. Tubbs (RAF) were also killed. Sgt. R.W. Ridsdale (RAF) was taken Prisoner Of War.
WHITE, J.W. R193905. Lancaster aircraft ED 870 (VN-I) lost whilst engaged in a night operation a raid against Mailly Le Camp France. Seven RAF members of the crew P/O. A. Handley, F/O. T.E. Archard, Sgt.s C.T. Brown, C. Whitelock, R.S. Garrod, D. Bisset, and G.E. Gilpin were also killed. This aircraft was equipped with a Mid Unner Gunner and was FS. White’s position. Detail provided by S. Johnson, Winnipeg, MB.
WHITE, K. J5085. Five RAF crew members, Sgt.s W.E. Thomas, F. Squires, R.E. Barr, L.S. Lloyd, and W.C. Scarlett were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
WHITE, W.R. R221536. Target was Lisieux, France not Linzeux. France. Six crew members, WO. P.E. Bamford, Sgt.s D.V. Barlow, J. Blyth, S.E. Lanceley, F/O.s J.A. Fletcher, and H.C. Polkinghorne were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett
WICKER, W.C. R74415. The aircraft was shot down during operations to Ostend, Belgium, not Ostend, Holland. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WIGLEY, C.V.R. J89966. The squadron was based at Elvington when aircraft MZ 347 (KN-X) was lost. All other members of the crew were RAF and were all killed, they were P/O W.J. Young, Sgt.s T.V. Parsons, D.W. Hughes, F/O.s C.C. Smith, E.N. Calvert, and WO. N. Brook. Detail from “Some Of The Many” by Roy Walker, Kent, England.
WILBEE, B.G. R63731. Target -Berlin, Germany. Whitley aircraft Z 6934 was shot down seventeen miles north-east of Berlin, Germany at Wemeuchen, Germany. Sgt.s L.G. Sinclair, R.F. Archer (RAF), C.A. Foster {RAF), and P/O. S. Goulston (RAF) were also killed.
WILDING, J.A. J27908. The aircraft No. was NP 681 not MP 681 as shown. The crew of Halifax aircraft NP 681 was part of a flight of Six Group who had the task of knocking out German forces in around the port of Le Havre, France. NP 681 left the Bomber Station of Linton-on-Ose in Yorkshire, once the flight had formed up, and then set course for Swindon as a flight point. All was going well and the crew tested their intercom and guns. Once over Swindon they turned and headed out for the French Port. Just as they cleared the English coast. The operation was abandoned due to heavy cloud over the target. As the bomb aimer was releasing the bomb load over the designated area of the Channel it was noticed that one bomb had failed to release. After the bombs had been dealt with the aircraft was put on course for Yorkshire. Just as the aircraft was passing over Berkshire Downs the port outer engine caught fire. The flight engineer RAF Sgt. F.J. Andrew attempted to put out the fire and the navigator set a course for the nearest airfield which was Benson. As the aircraft was turning on to this new course the engineer notified the pilot that the fire was not out and was starting to take hold. At 8,000 feet the pilot gave the order to abandon the aircraft and all the crew jumped except for the pilot and the engineer. One of the crew reports,” As I floated down I watched an explosion take place and saw something blow away from the aircraft and the port wing to break away causing the aircraft to fall fast exploding on impact.” The object is believed to have been the flight engineer as his body was found with a partially opened parachute. F/O. Wilding maintained control of the aircraft long enough for his crew to bail out and prevent the aircraft from crashing into the Village of Wallingford, Berkshire. Thorb Thompson of Abernathy, Saskatchewan was the Wireless Operator Air Gunner and was one of the crew who successfully bailed out The Village of Willingford has erected a memorial plaque at the comer of Wilding and Andrew Road in honor of F/O. Wilding and Sgt. Andrew. The plaque reads,”On the 9th, September, 1944, F/O. J.A. Wilding and Sgt. J.F. Andrew of No. 426 Squadron Royal Canadian Air Force by remaining at the controls of their damaged and bomb laden aircraft steered it clear of Wallingford to crash and explode in open fields. Their supreme sacrifice and conspicuous gallantry almost certainly saved the lives of many of the town’s inhabitants. These roads have been named after them and this plaque has been erected in grateful thanks by the Borough of Wallingford. “THEIR NAME LIVETH FOR EVERMORE” . Detail provided by Operation Cromwel International (UK)
WILE, F.A. J16872. The four RAF members of the crew also killed were, F/L. W. Astell D.F.C., Sgt.s J. Kinnear, R. Bolitho, and F/O. D. Hopkinson.
WILLET, J.H.R. R122014. FS. Muckle was the lone occupant of Tiger Moth 4322. LAC.s Willett and Waltham were killed in Tiger Moth 4372. Detail provided by F. Mcfee, Regina, SK.
WILLIAMS, G.I. R119950. Lancaster aircraft JB 659 (OF-J) was returning to England after a successful raid on Berlin when it was shot down by a German night fighter. Six members of a Dutch family were also killed when the aircraft crashed on their farmhouse. The aircraft went down near Amsterdam and all but two of the crew lay entombed in the aircraft for the next 56 years. On Friday November, 2001 these five crew members were laid to rest beside their other two comrades in Holland. The complete crew list is: WO. G.I. Williams and FS. C.M. Price (RCAF) P/O. A.R. Hart (RAAF), Sgt.s William Jones (RAF), Douglas Hicks (RAF), Leslie Clifton (RAF), and FS. Harold Boal (RAAF). Detail provided by Mrs. R.B. Woodland, Orangeville, Ontario.
WILLIAMS, J.F.H. J17270. The aircraft was over Cabourg, not Cobourg. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WILLIAMSON, W.D. R131709. The aircraft crashed at Sutton Cheney, not Sutton, Cerney. Detail provided by F. McAfee, Regina, Sk.
WILLIGAR, L.E. R73086. There was only one aircraft from this squadron lost this date. The corrected crew list is P/O. E.A. House, FS. G.M. Mason D.F.M (RAF), and Sgt. W.E. Davies (RAF) were also killed. Two RAF members of the crew were taken Prisoners Of War.
WILLSON, J.C. RJ45481. Correct spelling is Limborg, not Limbourg. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WILLSON, M.T.G. 1198665. Correction to Sgt. Willson’s given names. His given names are Michael Thomas George, not Michal Tom.
WILSON, G.O. Should read 12 SFTS – see Pooley A.B., not Plooey A.B.
WILSON, G.P. J8374. P/O. Wilson was from Ann Arbour, not Ann Farbor. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WILSON, R.H. R162866. Six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s J.P.G Binder, J. Brear, F. Kasher, B.H. Mcnary, E.J. Monk, and FS. W.A. Guy were also killed.
WILSON, S.A. R82838. Wellington aircraft Z 8403 (PH-Z) missing from a bombing raid on Kassel, Germany. P/O.s A. Norman (RAAF), H. Fallas (RAF), Sgt.s G. Hughes (RAF), and C.J. Broomhead (RAF) were also killed.
WINN, E.S. J8840. Lancaster aircraft LL 720 (EQ-R) was shot down in the sea during a night trip to Leipzig, Germany. F/O.s J.R. Leaman, J.R. Bonneville, P/O.s R.H. Wade, E. Dramnitzke, TS. N.H.H. Brown (USAAF), and Sgt. E.W. Bolt (RAF) were also killed.
WINTER, B. R58539. Liberator aircraft FK 239 failed to return from operations. P/O. J.A. Kidd, Sgt. G. McDonald and five RAF members of the crew F/O.s J.W. Campbell, W.A. Calder, Sgt.s L. Bambridge, R.W. Harrison, and H. Willcock were also killed.
WOLFF, J.F. R53699. Wellington aircraft W 5577 (PH-U) was shot down off Dieppe during a night bombing operation to Boulogne, France. Sgt. W.B. Clark, P/O.s R.N. Dastur (RIAF), C.P. Khosla (RIAF), Sgt. R.B. Russell (RAF) and P.J. Lewis (RAF) were also killed.
WOOD, T.C. J11864. The reference to please see FS. G.G. Clark should read WO. G.G. Clark.
WOOD, K.R. R91595. Halifax aircraft JD 261 missing from a trip to Gelsenkirchen, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, F/O. D.H. Davis, Sgt.s A.W. Fairmaner, A.H. Hawes, A.O. McFarlane, and J. Roberts were also killed.
WOODHOUSE, A.T. R115213. The aircraft squadron letters were VR-R, Sgt. J.N. Gray (RAF) and F/O. A.J. Herriott D.F.M. (RAF) were also killed.
WOODS, R.F. R103923. Sgt.s S. Cameron (RAF), A. W. Canty (RAF), and H.J.C. Gwyn (RAF) were also killed.
WOODWARD, C.W. J6867. This was an anti-shipping patrol off the Dutch coast not an anti-sub patrol as previously stated. The aircraft number was AM 695. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
WOOLLEY, R.S. R77317. Lancaster aircraft ED 526 (PO-J) was shot down at Herzogenaurach, Germany during a raid against Nuremburg, Germany. WO.s J.L. Larin, M. Stewart (RAAF), Sgt.s E. O’Kane (RAF), R. Wiggins (RAF), R. Wylie (RAF), and F/L. O. Rowcroft (RAAF) were also killed.
WORTHINGTON, R.O. J6484. At midday on November 3, W/C. C. King (RAF) was carrying out low-level bombing practice off Newquay, to test a new type 100lb. anti-sub bomb, when his Hudson aircraft number AM 648 crashed into the sea It was thought that the violent explosion of the bombs, which threw a great column of water into the air, had lifted the tail of the aircraft and put it out of control. There were no survivors. Those who lost their lives with the Wing Commander were Sgt. C. Shook, F/O. Worthington, Sgt. M.B. Valene, an aero-engine mechanic who was flying as passenger, FS. H.W. Ward (RAF), and F/L. J.M. Kellas (RAF) the station armament officer. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
WOYCE, S.V R93302. Lancaster aircraft ED 367 (PO-H) failed to return from an attack against Duisberg, Germany. P/O.s R.T. Hanbidge, A.M. Wark, FS.s D.H. Powell, H.A. Horton, Sgt.s E. Florey (RAF), and J. Humphries (RAF) were also killed.
WRIGHT, J.A. R87125. Sgt. Wright was from Saint Walburg. Detail provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
WRIGHT, F.H.R. R79316. Wellington aircraft N 2822 (JN-F) crashed, Sgt. R.W. Sherwin (RAF), and P/O. F.F. Ross (RAF) were also killed.
WRIGHT, W.M. R73309. Stirling aircraft R 9202 missing from operations to Turin, Italy. Sgt. V.T. Bowie (RNZAF), and six RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s A. Carter, N.A. Macleod, C. Smith, L.H. Smith, G.N. Beames, and FS. P.M. Everson were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
WYNN, E.P. J7472. Target – Frankfurt, Germany. Shortly after take-off Stirling aircraft N 6083 caught fire in the air and crashed one mile south-east of the aerodrome at Lakenheath, England. P/O. J.A. Trotter (RAAF) and five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W. Green, R.F. Raphael, FS.s A.N. Charlton, S. Martin, and F/L. D.A. Pebworth D.F.C. were also killed. Detail from “We Will Remember Them” – A. Lovett.
YATES, AC. R70975. Target – Dusseldorf, Germany. Lancaster aircraft #R 5888 went down near Krefeld, Germany. Five RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s E.W. Catlin, P.H. Fairbanks, W.T. Belton, G.A. Hill, FS. F. Hobson, and Sgt L.W. Thomas (RAAF) were also killed.
YATES, T. J95439. Lancaster aircraft LM 127 lost during an attack against Kiel, Germany. Six RAF members of the crew, F/O.s J.E. Morgan, D.F. O’Sullivan, FS.s E. Young, I.G.C. Miller, Sgt.s M. Bell, and K.P. Coote were also killed. Detail from the 115 Squadron Roll of Honour.
YELLAND, J.J. J85960. Lancaster aircraft DV 220 (AS-J) failed to return from a night raid against Leipzig, Germany. P/O. F.F.G. Allan and Sgt. W.A. Dykes (RAF) were also killed. WO. F.H. Hughes (RCAF), prisoner No. 1729 was taken Prisoner Of War. Sgt.s T.H. Lee (RAF), A. Rose (RAF), and FS. J. Manuel D.F.M. (RAF) were takens Prisoners Of War.
YORKE, W.G. R66080. Target – Brest, France. Wellington aircraft W 5528 was hit by anti-aircraft fire and crashed in the sea off Brest. Sgt.s P.C. Voller (RAAF), R.B. Driver (RAF), E. Hill (RAF), J.W. Young (RAF), and J. Wild (RAF) were also killed.
YOUNG, G.W. J16906. Stirling aircraft EH 876 (WP-J) lost during night operations against Dusseldorf, Germany. The aircraft was shot down by a German night-ighter aircraft off the Dutch coast. FS. C.L. Saundercock (RNZAF), and four RAF members of the crew, Sgt.s W.H. Bryant, R. Wadsworth, FS. J.L. Poulter, and F/O. C.F. O’Connell were also killed.
YOUNG, G. R82701. Five RAF members of the crew, F/O.s D.R. Cooper, L.H. Lister, FS. E.F. Barge, Sgt.s F. Quinn, and R.J. Clarke were also killed.
YOWNEY, M. J66261. Lancaster aircraft ME 591 (QR-C) was shot down in the Osterloh District near Essen, Germany whilst attacking Leipzig, Germany. P/O.s J.F. Allen, J.W. Golightly (RAF), Sgt.s R.S. Betteridge (RAF), T.J. Hynes (RAF), H.J. Newey (RAF), and J.Cairns (RAF) were also killed.
ZADWORNY, T.J.B. J15816. F/O. M.E. Collett (RAAF), FS. H.M. Hughes (RAF), and Sgt. P.M. Couturier (RAF) were also killed.
ZUMAR. M. R82050. The aircraft number was EW 921. Detail provided by 407 Squadron History book.
ZOEPHEL, P.C. J11212. The passage “crew members where all” should read “crew members were all”. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
ZOOCHKAN, W. 16719. Should read Manston, Kent not Manston, Dorset. Correction provided by A. E. Barnard, Burlington, On.
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Open meetings act restricts secret-ballot action
Open meetings act restricts secret-ballot action02/21/95 PENNSYLVANIA -- A secret-ballot vote in an open meeting is not considered "publicly cast,"…
PENNSYLVANIA — A secret-ballot vote in an open meeting is not considered “publicly cast,” as required by the state sunshine act, according to an early February decision by the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania in Harrisburg.
The appeals court concluded that to construe a secret vote in an open meeting as within the definition of “publicly cast” would allow officials to conduct all the public’s business beyond scrutiny. Because the open meetings act did not intend to give officials such a choice, the court reversed a lower court’s dismissal of a newspaper’s claim against a local school district.
The claim arose after the Chambersburg Area School District’s board of directors held a secret-ballot vote during a public meeting in late December 1993 to fill a vacancy after the death of one of its members.
Public Opinion, a Chambersburg newspaper, asked the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas in Chambersburg in early January 1994 to prevent the directors from appointing the board-elected official. The newspaper argued that the secret ballot violated the state open meetings law requirement that officials publicly cast votes on official action.
The school board filed a motion one week later, asking the court to dismiss the complaint. The school board argued that the directors had cast their votes publicly, even though they kept them from the public, because they held the vote at a public meeting. The board held another public meeting that same day, unanimously appointing the same candidate.
The court dismissed the action in late March, and Public Opinion appealed in mid-April. (Public Opinion v. Chambersburg Area School District; Media Counsel: J. McDowell Sharpe, Chambersburg)
Senators select lieutenant governor by secret ballot
Pa. rules panel's secret meeting did not violate Sunshine Act, court holds
Court says board's straw vote in secret session did not violate Sunshine Act
State law allows public to inspect ballots in presidential race
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Submitted by RCS Staff in RCS News & Events on August 10, 2017
Click on Banner Above for PDF Version of the Eagle Update
The RCS theme for 2017-18 is, “Know God” from John 17:3. “And this is eternal life, that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.”
The RCS mission is to provide a Christ-centered education which is able to equip students for daily living and eternal life.
This isn’t a mere know God, as I know my neighbor next door’s neighbor, Jimmy. He’s a nice guy, a good father, a great Christian educator. If my green waste can is full, Jimmy lets me put green waste in his can. But I really don’t know Jimmy, I haven’t spent any quality time with Jimmy; he is just an acquaintance.
“Know” in John 17:3 is about depth and quality, a deep knowing, one that has intellectual comprehension, as well as a relationship component. It is a knowing that suggests a profound personal relationship, one that is developed over time. It is about a growing relationship built over time. It is about being intentional in building the relationship.
To fulfill our mission and equip students for Eternal Life means that we must provide them with opportunities to “Know God.” One opportunity we provide is through intentional reading of Scripture and praying together. A second opportunity to know God is through corporate worship, experiencing Him as part of a community of worshipers, being the body of Christ.
Let me encourage you to intentionally spend time together as a family this year reading Scripture, praying, and worshiping God as well.
In Christ, Mr. Hearne, Superintendent
Important Dates and Events for AUGUST 2017
International Student Week One
Home School Meeting at MSHS
Summer EC Ends
iPad Orientation
Grades 9 -12
International Student Meeting and Luncheon
RCE Open House
MSHS New Student Orientation
Back-to-School BBQ
NOTE: NEW LOCATION!
Elementary South Campus
School Begins!
RCE Welcome Back Assembly
RCE Chapel
Check for more dates at link below
FIND ALL UPCOMING EVENTS HERE
Order Your School Supplies Today!
Visit: https://classbundl.com/order and search for Redwood Christian School
Back-to-School BBQ!
19300 Redwood Road, Castro Valley
This event is for everyone!
TK – 12th
Pick up your 2017-2018 school calendar
2017-18 Bus Information
New Schedule! Click Here
Attention MSHS Parents:
Please click here for information from Mr. Warner regarding drop-off, pick-up and parking at the MSHS due to the Gym construction.
Please click here for a map of the parking lot during construction.
MSHS Parents Grades 6-12 (Dessert & Coffee)
Click here for the full details!
Please complete and return the Redwood Christian Schools Athletic Participation Forms in order for your child to partcipate in MSHS Athletics for the 2017-18 school year.
Please CLICK HERE to download and complete the forms. Email the completed forms to Jennifer Beck, Athletics at jenniferbeck@rcs.edu. Thank you.
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************************************************************************************ Reminder: Please know that unsubscribing from ONE RCS email will remove you from receiving ALL school emails, including significant announcements that will benefit your child(ren) and you. We strongly recommend that you do not unsubscribe from receiving RCS emails. Thank you. ************************************************************************************
Elementary Campus Office: 510-537-4288
MSHS Campus Office: 510-317-8990
Athletic Department Office: 510-317-8988
The Education You TRUST for the Children You Love
Redwood Christian Schools District Office
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San Lorenzo, CA 94580
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Redwood Christian Schools is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law.
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The Hoover Board of Education approved a recommendation from Hoover City Schools Superintendent Dr. Kathy Murphy to implement a staggered schedule for students who have opted for in-person instruction for the first four weeks of the school year. (File)
Hoover City Schools to reopen with staggered schedule for in-person learning
Published 2:34 pm Tuesday, August 4, 2020
HOOVER – Hoover City Schools students who have chosen the in-person instruction option will start the 2020-2021 school year on a staggered schedule.
Following a lengthy discussion during a work session, the Hoover Board of Education on Aug. 3 voted in favor of Hoover City Schools Superintendent Dr. Kathy Murphy’s recommendation to implement a Level 3 reopening plan with a staggered schedule for the first four weeks of school, from Aug. 20-Sept. 18, during which school system officials will reassess conditions to determine how to proceed after the four-week timeframe.
The staggered schedule will divide students based on the first letter of their last names and their high school feeder zone into groups. One group will go to campus Monday and Thursday for in-person learning and the other on Tuesday and Friday. Students will engage in remote learning on the three days they are not on their school campus each week.
Murphy said the purpose of the staggered schedule is to make social distancing possible in each of the district’s school buildings.
“As you all know, I have certainly been transparent about the fact that I believe in-person education is the best education when we look at that up against online learning, but also it’s all of our passion to make sure that we can do that safely,” Murphy said. “In order to achieve the social distancing, the only way short of not coming to school would be for us to stagger our students. That is not ideal. I have not found what is ideal in this period of time of COVID, but I do believe in order for us to be able to get back into school, in order to be able to honor as we want to honor social distancing, the only way we can do that is to stagger our students.”
The Level 3 reopening plans also include a facial covering requirement for all students in pre-K through 12th grade.
Murphy said adjustments could be made to restrictions depending on how the situation unfolds during the first part of the school year.
“We’re tracking this,” Murphy said. “Things are moving. Things are changing. We may find ourselves having to do something differently.”
Murphy said thorough cleanings will take place multiple times every day at every school building, and a district-wide COVID team is prepared to implement additional disinfecting measures in classrooms or buses if a positive case is reported.
As of Aug. 3, the school district was at 97 percent of its expected student enrollment, with about 8,800 students opting for in-person learning and about 4,552 students opting for virtual learning.
Students with special needs in general education will attend school on a staggered schedule, while students who are in a self-contained classroom would attend half a day for five days, according to Claire Jones-Moore, director of special services. About 390 students in special education will engage in virtual learning.
“We’ve had so many parents that have reached out to us, and I’m so appreciative of them,” Jones-Moore said. “They’ve given us good ideas. We’re going to make sure that we meet all our obligations.”
Child Nutrition Program Director Melinda Bonner said her staff is committed to serving children and providing food at all times.
Students returning to school for in-person learning will receive meals from the cafeteria to eat either in the cafeteria socially distanced or in their respective classrooms.
The program will continue curbside pickup for meals at four locations: Green Valley Elementary, Berry Middle, Bumpus Middle and Simmons Middle schools.
Bonner said families may apply for free and reduced price meals. Eligibility is based on household size and income.
Applications are available online at Paypams.com/onlineapp.aspx and also will be sent home with every student.
Jeremy Bradford, coordinator of transportation, said student ridership numbers for school buses are mostly the same as they were in March, with roughly 8,600 students currently expected to ride buses.
Bradford said all bus drivers will wear gloves and masks, and seating charts will be utilized for students.
Dr. Debra Walker Smith, director of RC3 (Riverchase Career Connection Center), said the staggered schedule will give students the opportunity to come to campus for labs instead of doing everything virtually.
“We have a lot of things in place to keep them safe as far as doing the hands-on activities and procedures, and we’ll get to support their learning virtually as well,” she said.
Athlete of the Week: Evie Bell
Athlete of the Week: July 26, 2020 Name: Evie Bell School: Oak Mountain High School Grade: 12th What sports do... read more
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Wärtsilä Moves Marine Production to China
19 January 2010 (Last Updated January 19th, 2010 18:30)
Engineering giant Wärtsilä plans to move the majority of its propeller and auxiliary engine production to China. The company said it is shutting down the Wärtsilä 20 generating set production in Vaasa Finland, which will be moved to China. The non-recurring costs related to th
Engineering giant Wärtsilä plans to move the majority of its propeller and auxiliary engine production to China.
The company said it is shutting down the Wärtsilä 20 generating set production in Vaasa Finland, which will be moved to China.
The non-recurring costs related to the restructuring will be nearly €140m, including non-cash write offs of about €50m, of which €40m is recognised in 2009.
Wärtsilä is hoping for cost savings of approximately €80m-€90m, the company said.
Profiseal
Propeller Shaft Seals and Bulkhead Seals
Southerly Designs
High-Speed Aluminium Fishing, Patrol, Pilot and Crew Boat Design
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The health and safety of our patients, families and staff is our highest priority. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is requiring hospitals to meet established criteria as part of the state’s reopening plan. The Springfield Shriners Hospital submitted its Phase 1 attestation on May 29, 2020, its Phase 2 attestation on June 9, 2020, and its Phase 3 attestation on July 8, 2020. The Phase 3 attestation was resubmitted and reaffirmed on November 16, 2020.
Screening protocol and updated policies at the Springfield Shriners Hospital.
Chest Wall Deformity
Cleft Lip and Palate
Sports Health and Medicine
Donating Toys
Shriners Hospitals for Children — Springfield
516 Carew St. Springfield, MA 01104
The pediatric surgical team at Shriners Hospitals for Children — Springfield treats chest wall abnormalities of all degrees. Two of the most common forms of chest wall abnormalities are:
Pectus excavatum (sunken chest)
Roughly one in every 400 children is born with a condition called pectus excavatum, in which the breastbone (sternum) is indented or depressed. Often present at birth, the condition becomes more pronounced in early adolescence when there are growth spurts. Pectus excavatum can lead to compression and displacement of the heart and lungs. At times, it can lead to other complications. The condition can also cause a great deal of emotional stress for children. Often, they do not want to participate in activities that will expose their chest.
In the past, a lengthy invasive operation was required to correct the indentation in the sternum. Since the Springfield Shriners Hospital Chest Wall Deformity Clinic was founded in 1998, we have helped hundreds of patients by using a minimally invasive technique called the Nuss procedure. Instead of removing rib cartilage and cutting the sternum, a scope is used to push the sternum up, correcting the indentation with minimal scarring.
Pectus carinatum (raised chest)
A slightly less common condition is pectus carinatum. With this condition, which occurs in about one in 1,700 children, the sternum sticks out. More common in boys than girls, it often becomes present around age 11 and worsens as children grow.
As with pectus excavatum, the only solution in the past was a major operation to remove rib cartilage and cut the sternum to flatten out the chest. Working with the Pediatric Prosthetic and Orthotic Services – Northeast, LLC, department since 1998, we have treated hundreds of patients without surgery. We have provided the patients with custom-fitted braces that apply direct pressure to the protruding sternum, shifting the chest wall back to a normal shape, and have found this kind of bracing to be a safe and effective solution for pectus carinatum in children. And the more a patient uses the brace in a given day, the faster his or her chest will be corrected. Some patients have a correction in as few as six months when the brace is worn 20 hours a day.
Patient evaluation
All care delivered at Shriners Hospitals for Children — Springfield is focused on the surgical needs of children. Above all, the expert medical team works collaboratively to ensure that children benefit from the finest, most advanced pediatric specialty care. Their achievements are our measure of our success.
The medical team
Gregory T. Banever, M.D.
Kevin P. Moriarty, M.D., FACS, FAAP
David B. Tashjian, M.D., FAAP
Michael V. Tirabassi, M.D.
To schedule an appointment, call new patient access at 413-735-1234 or 800-322-5905.
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TRUE HISTORY OF THE KELLY GANG (2020) FILM REVIEW
Antihero origins story discomforts and dazzles together.
At the beginning of 'Goodfellas' (1990), Ray Liotta's Henry Hill mutters the immortal line "all my life all I wanted was to be a gangster". In 'True History of the Kelly Gang' (2020), you could almost imagine George McKay's Ned Kelly subverting that Freudian quote with "all my life I wanted to be an outlaw". This movie is - like 'Goodfellas' - very much the story of a hot-headed young man burning with toxic masculine rage and baffling ambitions for a lifestyle of glamourized crime. It's also the only movie where Martin Scorsese, Batman and Spaghetti Westerns can be mentioned in the same sentence!
While not particularly well-known on British shores, Ned Kelly remains one of Australia's most famous figures. To the authorities, he was an outlaw, a bushranger, a gang leader and convicted police murderer. To the masses, however, he could be seen as the country's Che Guevara or Jesse James. A hero who waged war against British colonial rule. He's someone with an icy influence on cinema as a whole - the world's first dramatic feature film was, of course, 'The Story of Ned Kelly' (1906). Since then, there have been nine big screen renditions of the man's story. The most famous include 1951's 'The Glenrowan Affair' where Australian rules footballer Bob Chitty played the morally ambiguous outlaw. Mick Jagger even starred as him in Tony Richardson's 'Ned Kelly' (1970) which was not the best received version. All before the late Heath Ledger in the 2003 film of the same name.
Australian film-maker Justin Kurzel frankly couldn't be a better fit to cut to the dark, bloody heart of the Kelly backstory. 'True History of the Kelly Gang' is adapted from Peter Carey's Man Brooker prize-winning novel, but Kurzel is the real auteur here. His 'Snowtown' (2011) - a ruthlessly rough retelling of the Snowtown murders - was one of the best films of 2011. I also absolutely loved the director's bloodthirsty spin on 'Macbeth' (2015) which still stands as one of the strongest Shakespeare adaptations. More recently Kurzel turned his hand to 'Assassin's Creed' (2017) - a shot at breaking into the mainstream. That wasn't bad at all. If anything, it was one of the better video-game movies, but was panned by critics and proved a massive Box Office flop.
Now 'True History of the Kelly Gang' sees Kurzel revelling in his passion for the sweary, salacious and savage. Both his most accessible and finest film to date, the key to its appeal is the mixture of populism and psychology. First and foremost, this is a Western drooling with the energy, elegy and elan of Sergio Leone's 'Dollars Trilogy' (1964-1966). Something which will immediately draw in an older audience brought up on these classics as strapping Saturday matinee entertainments.
It has all the big, blastin' Wild West tropes - PING! PAM! POW! shootouts, galloping horses, handguns strapped to the belts and gold-toothed men in cowboy hats grumbling "AHHH!". Served alongside these generic stereotypes is slicin' violence to have you squirming baloney. Take the 18 certificate seriously because one moment had me going "oooooh", "arrrrrgh" and "isssssh" like an overprotective parent when one character bites off another's ear.
This is some of the nastiest on-screen guts, gore and grue I've seen in years. However none of it is ever sensationalistic or stylized in the manner of Quentin Tarantino or Robert Rodriguez. The camera strives to recreate the tooth n' claw trimmings of 19th century Australia with harrowing visual reminders that this is a world where women were raped, ethnic aboriginals slaughtered and Irish beaten to the pulp as convicts. The movie's also not shy of its own savagery. Particular gross-out highlights include a zoom-in on a cow's chopped-off leg. With raw flesh and blood rarely looking so unapatising, such a snippet will truly make meat-eaters want to go vegan!
You'll equally find yourself going "CRIKEY! THAT'S GOTTA HURT!" whenever someone (and by someone I mean almost everyone!) gets blasted to smithereens and all these atrocities take place against the most alien and outlandish of landscapes akin to the Martian rouges of 70s Sci-Fi productions. There's panoramic sweeps here comparible with Kubrick with the cinematography vast and sprawling, but also minimalist and minute. For example, you'll get a landscape shot of the Outback complimented by a Malickian close-up of a cactus swishing and swashing in the wind.
Needless to say, 'True History of the Kelly Gang' is beautiful, but bloody and brooding in its aesthetic. The scorchin' hot Western sun is what will innevitably bring in the crowds because there's always a market for cowboy action, but what's most interesting is the psychoanalytical stuff. Beneath the pulp of the film's violence and shootouts, this is a razor-sharp character study of a young man shaped by the obscenities of his upbringing. Where previous depictions of Ned Kelly have faltered in their attempts to glorify him as some sort of Australian Robin Hood hero, this taps into the propensity for nastiness that made him tick.
A scene early on will have you watching through your fingers when the young Kelly (a terrific child performance from Orlando Schwerdt), first of all, shoots Charlie Hunnam's brutish constable in the leg before being forced to put a pistol to Russell Crowe's head. Crowe is better than he's been in ages as Harry Power - a beefy, intimedating bushranger who took the young Kelly in as his teenage accomplice. Throughout this segment, I genuinely believed the young boy might pull the trigger. A harrowing encapsulation of a youngster's early exposure to violence that really drives the central character's descent into criminality.
It's also the kind of childhood trauma that would push anyone over the edge. And here was where I saw shades of Christopher Nolan's 'Batman Begins' (2005). The same suggestion that childhood trauma is the tipping point for a youngster's transformation from scared, innocent child into vicious vigilante exists in this movie. In fact, the whole film could be read as a superhero or, should I say, antihero origins story. By the end of it, Kelly has almost gone through a personality switch and become a twisted symbol for blurred morality.
You're never sure whether you should love or loathe Ned Kelly. Say what you want about British Colonial rule, the majority of atrocities carried out by the Kelly gang - robbing from civilians and killing police - were morally reprehensible. Not only does this film have moral grey areas wide enough to fill an entire season of 'Game of Thrones' (2011-2019), but, at its heart, is one simple idea.
Not in a long, long time has one idea run so firmly and fluidly through the core of a motion picture. It's a kind of "mommy dearest" thread of a matriarchal figure and her protege. In this case, it exists between Ned Kelly and his mother Ellen (Essie Davis). She's his rock. She's the reason he pursues the life of a bushranger and is taken in by Harry Power. In any other hands, such a relationship should suck sentimental. In Kurzel's bruised palms, though, this partnership is every inch twisted and oedipal; prodding the knife into the heart-strings that should be being tickled with the suggestion that, for all Kelly's swaggering macho glaze, he was also essentially a big ole' mommy's boy.
In these two roles, George McKay and Essie Davis play this chemistry sublimely. The former remains such a riveting screen presence by virtue of having the scariest eyes ever - all bouncy, buoyant pupils that simply scream unhinged and maddening. He's absolutely brilliant as Mr. Kelly; getting deep beneath the skin of the falsely idolized renegade and letting audiences understand that he wasn't such a great hero after all. However he's not the star of the movie. That honour lies with Davis who is dynamite as Ellen Kelly. The momsy vital organ of the piece that delivers the killer blow to our antihero's fragmented psyche.
'True History of the Kelly Gang' is a film with bang for your buck blasted out of a shotgun by its Spaghetti Western pretences. A film with stomach-churning violence entirely necessary to capture the extremities of the era. It has - pardoning the pun - beef to level out the bang in the titular antihero's childhood traumas. And, at the centre of it all, you have the strangest, most disturbing "mama's boy" double-act which encapsulates the movie's throbbing arteries.
All this builds to a spectacular finale with the Kelly gang trapped and surrounded in a barn by Ku Klux Klan-like, white gown-wearing officers that actually evoked 'Straw Dogs' (1971). It's amazing how many movies recently have drawn upon Sam Peckinpah's "Wild Bunch in Cornwall" shocker for their third act. Think of 'Birds of Prey' (2020) earlier this month which put a carnivalesque, funhouse spin on the concept of home-made, DIY defences. 'True History of the Kelly Gang' has this and so much more. I loved it.
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Livestream: Joann S. Lublin on "Power Moms: How Executive Mothers Navigate Work and Life"
Speaker Series | Initiative for Women in Business
Join us for a 1-hour livestream featuring Joann S. Lublin, Former career columnist and management news editor at The Wall Street Journal. Shared its 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting. Author of two books about female business leaders, in conversation with: Beatrix Dart, Executive Director, Initiative for Women in Business, Professor, Strategy, Rotman School of Management, on her new book Power Moms: How Executive Mothers Navigate Work and Life (Harper Business, Feb 16, 2021).
Livestream: Celina Caesar-Chavannes on "Can You Hear Me Now? How I Found My Voice and Learned to Live with Passion and Purpose"
Join us for a 1-hour livestream featuring Celina Caesar-Chavannes, (Rotman EMBA ’15), Senior Advisor, EDI Initiatives; Adjunct Lecturer, Queen’s University; Business Consultant, Coach, International Speaker, and Author discussing her new book Can You Hear Me Now? How I Found My Voice and Learned to Live with Passion and Purpose (By C. Caesar-Chavannes for Random House Canada, February 2, 2021).
Livestream: Tony Comper on "Personal Account: 25 Tales About Leadership, Learning, and Legacy from a Lifetime at Bank of Montreal"
Join us for a 1-hour livestream featuring Tony Comper, C.M., Past President and C.E.O, BMO Financial Group; Founder, Fighting Antisemitism Together (FAST); Author in conversation with William Downe (Rotman MBA ’78), Former CEO, BMO Financial Group on Personal Account: 25 Tales About Leadership, Learning, and Legacy from a Lifetime at Bank of Montreal (By T. Comper for ECW Press, November 2020).
Livestream: David G. Smith & W. Brad Johnson on "Good Guys: How Men Can Be Better Allies for Women in the Workplace"
Join us for a 1-hour livestream featuring David G. Smith, PhD, Associate Professor of Sociology, College of Leadership and Ethics, United States Naval War College and W. Brad Johnson, PhD, Professor of Psychology, Department of Leadership, Ethics, and Law, United States Naval Academy; Faculty Associate, Graduate School of Education, Johns Hopkins University on their book Good Guys: How Men Can Be Better Allies for Women in the Workplace (Harvard Business Review Press, Oct 13 2020).
14th Annual Post City Real Estate Roundtable - “Real Estate 2021: Condos vs. Suburbs”
For the past 10 years these expert panelists have correctly predicted rising home prices in Toronto. Find out what our housing heavyweights think now! Prices for condos are falling while prices for single-family homes are rising and the suburbs for the first time in a long time are the hottest play going. What will the spring market bring?
Livestream: Paul Krugman on "Arguing with Zombies: Economics, Politics, and the Fight for a Better Future"
Join us for a 1-hour livestream featuring Paul Krugman, Columnist, The New York Times; Distinguished Professor, City University of New York; Professor Emeritus, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University; Nobel Prize-Winning Economist; Bestselling Author in conversation with Kenneth S. Corts, Marcel Desautels Chair in Entrepreneurship, Professor of Economic Analysis and Policy, and Interim Dean, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto on Arguing with Zombies: Economics, Politics, and the Fight for a Better Future (by P. Krugman for WW Norton, Feb. 16, 2021).
Livestream: Dilip Soman & Catherine Yeung on "The Behaviourally Informed Organization"
Join us for a 1-hour livestream featuring Dilip Soman, Canada Research Chair in Behavioural Science and Economics, and Director - Behavioural Economics in Action Research Centre at Rotman (BEAR), Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto; Author and Catherine Yeung, Associate professor, Marketing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Business School; Author on their new book The Behaviourally Informed Organization (UTP Publishing, March 1, 2021).
Livestream: Patrick Cronin on "Lessons Learned from the Pandemic…so far"
Patrick Cronin, Chief Risk Officer, BMO Financial Group in conversation with Sonia Baxendale, President and CEO, Global Risk Institute in Financial Services (GRI) on “Lessons Learned from the Pandemic…so far”.
Livestream: André Picard on "Neglected No More: The Urgent Need to Improve the Lives of Canada's Elders in the Wake of a Pandemic"
Join us for a 1-hour livestream featuring André Picard, Health Reporter and Columnist, The Globe and Mail; Bestselling Author in conversation with Leslee Thompson, CEO, Accreditation Canada & Health Standards Organization; Executive-in-Residence, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto on Neglected No More: The Urgent Need to Improve the Lives of Canada's Elders in the Wake of a Pandemic (by A. Picard for Random House Canada, March 2, 2021).
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#Kloutapocalypse: You're Not That Influential, Deal With It.
Tammy Kahn Fennell @tammykfennell
Today you may find you're not quite as influential as you thought.
Yesterday, Ash Rust posted on the Klout Corporate Blog: "Today we're releasing a new scoring model with insights to help you understand changes in your influence. This project represents the biggest step forward in accuracy, transparency and our technology in Klout's history. Joe shared the full vision behind these changes in his post last week."
Advancing The Algorithm
Yes, we knew this was coming. But I'm not sure people had entirely prepared themselves for the #Kloutapocalypse that was about to descend on them... Shortly after posting, the comments started rolling in. Pleas of people to "Fix it" or "Put it Back."
Let's be realistic here people... They aren't putting it back. You are less influential than you were, because you probably were never that influential to begin with. And I say this as someone who lost 9 points herself.
I don't know about you, but I'd prefer accuracy over inflation. Bubbles are artificial, they make us feel nice, but ultimately they burst. If Klout had not made this adjustment, people would continue to find ways to game the system, and the 'standard' for influence would eventually become a joke metric. (And yes, there's plenty of people who feel it is one already, but I take the position that there's value in it, so feel free to debate me at the bottom of this post.)
Instead of complaining about it start doing something about it. Focus on real engagement and your Klout will rise. Post insane amounts of posts that no one is reading? You're not really that influential then...
More Accurate? Yes.
Meet Vince. He's our MarketMeSuite test account, and is not a real person. We've been watching him increase his Klout over the past few months, and he has not once engaged with anyone, nor commented, nor really had anyone engage with him. The occasional retweet.
All Vince does is post out and occasionally follow. He posts a lot (afterall, he's a test account). Vince had risen to a 32 in Klout, pretty spectacular for a non-entity. But, with the new changes, he's plummeted. Down to a lowly 16, which is much more fitting. And why is this? Because Klout got smart. They started to measure engagement, and who that engagement was coming from, leaving Vince not particularly influential anymore.
One interesting thing about this algorithm shift is that it's retroactive. Have a look at Vince's chart above. Remember, he was a 32... but that's not shown. It looks like the highest Vince EVER was is 18. So Klout hasn't only readjusted from now on, they're making sure that you don't show a massive drop in influence either. In fact, when I logged in as TammyKFennell yesterday, I was greeted with a message of congratulations, that my Klout score had gone up 3 points, when it had actually gone down 9. This is because they adjusted my historical figures, so I never really was a 55. Instead, I was a 44, and by going up to a 47, I had improved.
I can't decide if this part was a good move or not. On the one hand, it's nice to see a steady increase or at least not a massive drop... but on the other, it's a little confusing for people who woke up one morning to find their Klout score had been lowered and there was no record of it ever being the number they knew it was. Scenes from Jodie Foster in "Flightplan" are coming into my head... "I know I boarded this plane with my daughter.... don't tell me I don't have one!"
Klout has had its share of growing pains and critics. Danny Brown's "I'm influential in sheep" escapade showed some major flaws in the system. But what I like about the company is they are willing to address issues, and work to improve exploits and shortcomings. Algorithms aren't perfect. Scores aren't perfect. Some of the dumbest people in my high school got straight A's.
But, in this fast paced world, metrics are useful. They help us generally separate the haves from the have nots, and gives us a decent idea if we're doing things right. You should not live to try to improve your Klout, but you should know, that if you just keep on doing what you're doing, and be as human, engaging, and thought provoking as possible, your Klout score should start to reflect this.
Did you experience the #Kloutapocalypse? How big a role does your score play in your social life? I want to hear your thoughts.
Who Wrote This Post?
I'm CEO for MarketMeSuite, the social media marketing dashboard. And big news... we're now a free social media dashboard! Please get it free here and be sure to let me know what you think. Klout fans be sure to check out our Klout integration!
Follow Tammy Kahn Fennell on Twitter
Filed Under: Content Marketing
Latest in Content Marketing
LinkedIn Adds Swipe-Up Links to LinkedIn Stories
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20 Reasons Why 2020 Has Sucked So Far
by Brianna Oard
Almost everyone in the world will agree that for many different reasons, 2020 sucks. We are only halfway through the year, but, there have been so many awful events that have occurred that have made the year 2020 horrible.
The reasons why 2020 has sucked so far vary from the effects of the Coronavirus Pandemic to Natural Disasters happening around the world to Tragic Deaths of celebrities (whether it was due to COVID-19 or not) to fallouts from major scandals to the ongoing events and protests against Police Brutality, to name a few.
Now, in no particular order, take a look down below and check out 20 Reasons Why 2020 Has Sucked So Far:
1. The COVID-19 Pandemic:
Although I stated earlier that the order I listed all of the reasons why this year has been awful so far were in no particular order, there’s no doubt that everyone would cite the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic as the MAIN REASON why 2020 has the been WORST year ever!
For many reasons, the coronavirus pandemic will go down in history as an event that affected everyone and everything in the world and how life changed drastically for a temporary period of time. Some of the impacts of the coronavirus are also included among the reasons why 2020 has been horrible. As of June 21, there have been nearly 9,044,563 cases and 470,665 deaths worldwide so far due to COVID-19.
2. George Floyd’s Murder:
One of the more recent events to have occurred that is also among the reasons why this year sucks is the murder of George Floyd, an African-American man. It has been _ days since George Floyd was killed in broad daylight after Derek Chauvin (and three other officers at the scene just stood by, watched, & did nothing to stop Chauvin) knelt on Floyd’s neck for 8 minutes and 46 seconds. The encounter was filmed by multiple witnesses at the scene and once the videos showing Floyd’s gruesome and horrific death were posted on social media, they generated global attention as many were left feeling irate about another murder of an African-American by a white police officer.
Floyd’s death sparked a series of ongoing protests (elaborated more in Sections #3 and #4) around the world against police brutality, lack of police accountability, and racism in policing.
3. Rayshard Brooks’s Murder:
George Floyd’s murder is not the only death of an African-American at the hands of white police officers that has sparked outrage. On June 12th, Rayshard Brooks was shot and killed by Garrett Rolfe, an Atlanta Police Department officer, following a fight and escape after a complaint about Brooks asleep in a car blocking a Wendy’s drive-thru.
Once videos of the entire incident and Brooks’s murder were posted on social media, it fueled even more anger around the nation about racism and police brutality. The videos depicting the horrific murders of George Floyd and Rayshard Brooks, in addition to the culture of police departments, are among the reasons why people are demanding drastic changes to be made in the justice system.
4. Police Brutality:
Police Brutality has been an issue going on for many years in the United States. However, one of the main reasons why this issue has made 2020 suck is due to horrific manners in which several African Americans like George Floyd, Rayshard Brooks, Breonna Taylor, Ahmed Arbery, etc. were murdered by white police officers and citizens.
Floyd’s death sparked a series of protests (which are currently in its 28th day of protesting, as of June 21, the day that this article was written) around the world against police brutality, lack of police accountability, and racism in policing.
5. Racism:
Like with police brutality (see above), Racism has been a massive problem in our country (and around the world too) that has been going on far too long. The photo below isBesides educating ourselves on racial justice & antiracism, signing petitions, & having discussions with family and friends, there are still more things that need to be done for these changes to be made.
While we always condemn any racist incidents or remarks that become viral on social media (for the wrong reasons of course), I believe George Floyd’s murder is the straw that broke the camel’s back and I pray that can help make 2020 better by making a plethora of CULTURAL CHANGES across all walks of life.
6. The Appalling Actions by Some Police Officers and Citizens During The Ongoing Protests Against Racism and Police Brutality:
From the ongoing protests, many videos have circulated on social media of police officers and citizens doing several appalling things that resulted in more anger. From the police officers in Buffalo shoving a 75-year-old man to the ground to cops in Atlanta using excessive force on two black teenagers to racist “Karens”, those are just a few of the many appalling incidents that have brought negative reactions.
Click here to see this list of police brutality videos from the George Floyd protests on Twitter that was compiled by Lawyer T. Greg Doucette and mathematician Jason Miller.
Just about an hour ago, police officers shove man in Niagara Square to the ground (WARNING: Graphic). Video from: @MikeDesmondWBFO pic.twitter.com/JBKQLvzfET
— WBFO (@WBFO) June 5, 2020
7. The Results and Aftermath of The Houston Astros Sign-Stealing Scandal:
Unless you are a Houston Astros Fan, one of the main reasons why 2020 sucked for baseball fans was due to the results and aftermath of the sign-stealing scandal. An MLB Investigation released in January 2020 revealed that The Astros used technology to steal signs from opposing teams and had an elaborate system set up to alert Astros hitters what kind of pitch was coming from opposing pitchers during the 2017 and 2018 MLB Seasons.
The worst part of the whole thing is the fact that The Astros were able to cheat their way to winning the 2017 World Series over the Los Angeles Dodgers. As a result of the MLB’s findings, several people affiliated with The Astros from the 2017-2018 have lost their jobs and some of the apologies made by members of the Astros’ 2017 World Series Winning Team were not sincere.
The scandal dominated the 2019–2020 offseason and the start of 2020 spring training as players and managers of other MLB Teams openly expressed their anger about the whole ordeal and the Astros’ ‘apologies’. Before the coronavirus pandemic resulted in the MLB Season coming to a complete halt during spring training, t fallout of the Houston Astros Sign Stealing Scandal is was what everyone was talking about.
I’m not much of a baseball fan, but due to the fallout from The Sign-Stealing Scandal, I was actually looking forward to see what would happen whenever the Astros played on the road during the 2020 MLB Season.
8. Kobe Bryant’s Death:
Even if the coronavirus pandemic didn’t happen, every single person would agree that one of the major reasons why this year really sucked is due to the shocking and tragic death of Kobe Bryant. On January 26, 2020, the NBA Legend, along with his 13-year-old daughter Gianna and seven others, were killed in a helicopter crash in Calabasas.
The 5-Time NBA Champion’s unexpected death sent massive shockwaves as the entire world mourned his death. The newly inducted NBA Hall of Famer (he is part of the stacked Class of 2020) is survived by his wife Vanessa and their other three daughters Natalia (17-years-old), Bianka (three-years-old), and Capri (turned one on June 20).
9. The Australian Bushfires:
The 2019-20 Australian bushfire season took place from June 2019-May 2020. By January 2020, things were turning into the worst in the state of New South Wales (NSW) as NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian called for a third state of emergency due to the deadly blazes.
One of the main reasons why The Australian Bushfires were included in this article was due to its horrific impacts as the deadly wildfires burned tens of millions of acres and prompted many cities to evacuate. The deadly wildfires also killed 34 people. Furthermore, it was reported that at least one billion animals were believed to have died in the fires as more than 100 species were in need of “emergency intervention” in order to survive.
10. The Stock Market Drop:
Another one of the reasons why 2020 hasn’t been a good year so far is the Stock Market Drop. Amid the growing fears surrounding the coronavirus, US Stocks took a huge plunge on March 16. The Dow fell a sharp 2,997 points, which was the biggest drop since 1987.
11. President Trump’s Actions and Response To The Ongoing Protests and Events Related To Racial Tensions and Police Brutality:
Given the fact that President Trump as a history of being a racist (there’s even an entire Wikipedia page dedicated to his racial views), (as much I hate to say this) I am not surprised by his response to George Floyd’s murder and the ongoing protests and events related to racial tensions and police brutality.
The president of our country tweeted conspiracy theories about a 75-year-old man being shoved to the ground by police officers and has police and National Guard troops used tear gas and other riot control tactics to forcefully clear peaceful protesters so he could have a clear path to walk to a church for a photo opp (see the photo below) with the Bible. Both incidents are not only appaling, but are also further dividing our country and making racism in our country much worse.
12. President Trump’s Actions and Response to The Coronavirus Pandemic:
Along with how he has handled the ongoing protests and events related to racial tensions and police brutality, how President Trump has handled the coronavirus pandemic is appalling.
From calling the coronavirus the “Chinese Virus” (which has led to an increase in hate crimes towards Asian Americans) to not wearing a mask in public to hosting a campaign rally (which has been condemned by the media and public for various reasons) as the number of COVID-19 cases spiked, those are just a couple of the incidents that make Trump’s response to the pandemic one of the reasons why 2020 has sucked so far.
13. No Music Festivals and/or Concerts:
Another one of the reasons why 2020 has sucked so far that’s related to the coronavirus is the postponement and/or cancellation of many music festivals and concerts, which fall under the category of events with large gatherings. The reasons for these measures are due to the need of keeping up with social distancing practices and minimizing potential exposure to the coronavirus.
Many artists and bands have canceled and postponed their concerts and/or tours. In addition, popular music festivals such as Coachella (see the photo below) and Stagecoach, which are normally held in April, were initially rescheduled to take place in October. However, public health officers from Riverside County (where Indio, the city that both events take place in) stated earlier this month that both Coachella 2020 and Stagecoach 2020 will be canceled altogether. Furthermore, other popular summer music festivals that were canceled due to reasons related to COVID-19 include Lollapalooza, Gov Ball, and Summerfest, to name a few.
14. Travel Restrictions:
Another one of the reasons why 2020 has sucked and is related to The Coronavirus Pandemic is the restrictions on traveling. When the coronavirus began spreading all over the world, many countries, such as Italy, The United States, Spain, Plans, and El Salvador, to name a few, issued national lockdowns and travel restrictions. The reasons for these measures were to slow the spread of the disease.
While some countries and parts of the United States are easing these restrictions and slowly reopening, it is still a huge risk to go on vacation. As a result, hardly anyone will be going on summer vacation during the coming months.
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15. Professional Sports Being Suspended, Delayed, and/or Canceled:
Many professional sports leagues and sports events around the world have been suspended, postponed, or canceled in the wake of the coronavirus. Although some professional sports leagues and competitions are slowly returning, there are still many concerns as too when or if the other professional sports leagues will come back.
16. The Olympics Being Postponed:
As I said earlier, the ongoing coronavirus pandemic has had major effects on professional sports. Along with The Copa America and The UEFA EURO Football (Soccer in The United States) Tournaments now taking place in 2021, another one of this year’s major sporting events being postponed to the dismay of sports fans is The 2020 Summer Olympics.
The Olympic Games (both Summer and Winter) are watched by billions of people around the world. Among the reasons why people are heavily invested in The Olympics include the personal stories of the competing athletes, the Opening Ceremony, upsets occurring, and seeing some of our favorite athletes win The Olympic Gold Medal, to name a few.
The upcoming Summer Olympics in Tokyo, which were originally supposed to be held from July 24 to August 9, will now take place during next summer from July 23 to August 8, 2020. Although The Olympics will now be held during Summer 2021, it will still retain the name Tokyo 2020 for marketing and branding reasons.
The Tokyo Olympics will feature 339 events in 33 different sports, encompassing a total of 50 disciplines. It is expected that around 206 countries and 11,091 athletes (male and female) will compete. Although everyone (especially the athletes) is upset about the delay of The Olympics, one of the positives to come from the postponement is that the athletes who already qualified for the 2020 Summer Games will get to retain their spot in 2021.
17. The Tensions Between The United States and Iran:
The US military, acting under the orders of Donald Trump, Iranian General Qassem Soleimani was killed via a drone strike on January 2. As reported by Business Insider: “The US military has taken decisive defensive action to protect US personnel abroad by killing Qasem Soleimani (the man in the portrait below), the head of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps-Quds Force,” the Pentagon said in a statement at the time, adding that the strike was “aimed at deterring future Iranian attack plans.”
Tensions between the two nations increased six days later when Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps launched missile attacks against two Iraqi military bases housing U.S. soldiers in retaliation for the killing of Soleimani. Although there were no casualties, one of the reasons why these two incidents have made 2020 awful was that it almost resulted in World War III.
18. The Deadly Plane Crash In Pakistan:
The Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303 crash happened on May 22 after the plane crashed in Model Colony, a heavily populated residential area near Jinnah International Airport (the flight’s destination). Of the 99 people (eight crew members and 91 passengers) on board the aircraft, 97 were killed and only two people survived with injuries. Eight people on the ground were also injured, and only one of them died (the death occurred ten days after the plane crash).
19. Roman Polanski’s Controversial Best Director Win At The 45th César Awards:
In the months leading up to the 45th César Awards (the French equivalent of The Oscars) the Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma had to deal with the controversy and protests that lead to the resignation of the entire board of The César Academy two weeks before the ceremony. In an open letter that was signed by 400 of France’s leading filmmakers and actors, signees were upset over the César Academy’s dysfunctional leadership as its’ members can only vote for the awards the academy hands out, not for the organization’s leadership.
Also, another one of the main reasons that this year’s César Awards caused so much controversy was due to the fact that Roman Polanski’s film J’accuse earned the most nominations with 12, which caused outrage amongst those working in the French Film Industry and French Feminists. The reasons for this outrage was due to the Oscar-winning director being convicted of raping a 13-year-old girl and fleeing the US in 1978 before he could be sentenced. Polanski has been living in exile in France since. Leading up to the ceremony, more women came forward with allegations accusing the director of rape.
Although Polanski didn’t attend the 45th César Awards (to avoid a ‘public lynching’ by feminist activists), that didn’t stop protesters gathering outside of the venue where the ceremony was held to express their anger. When it was announced that Polanski won The Best Director Award, many people walked out in disgust (see the video below), including Actress Adèle Haenel (who was nominated for Best Actress for her role in Portrait of a Lady on Fire), who was reportedly heard saying “Bravo, pedophilia!”, as she walked out.
A l'annonce du César de la Meilleure Réalisation pour Roman Polanski ("J'accuse"), Adèle Haenel quitte la salle.
Le meilleur des #César2020 > https://t.co/ipnVwouBeV pic.twitter.com/7xa0CTbU3H
— CANAL+ (@canalplus) February 28, 2020
20. The Unknown of What The Results of The 2020 Presidential Election Will Bring:
Although The Election isn’t until November, I am still including it as one of my reasons why this year as gone wrong due to how unclear the race will turn out. I don’t want to cause any controversy on this website by explaining why the “Unknown” of what the results of the 2020 Presidential Election might bring will be bad.
However, I will recommend that readers to go back read Reasons #2-6, 11, and 12 as they give enough thoughts (without expressing it directly) as to how the unknown results of the election could potentially be bad.
Besides the ones listed above, what other reasons do you believe why the year 2020 has sucked so far? Let us know what other reasons down below in the comments section!
Featured Image Source: https://www.boredpanda.com/my-plans-vs-2020-meme/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=organic
Brianna Oard June 24, 2020
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