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__label__cc	0.630904	0.369096	2012 statistics of round 1 2012 Round 1 statistics, by Martin Edwardes Here are the results of the round 1 tests (at Foundation, Intermediate and Advanced levels). First, some participation figures: Foundation: 436 pupils from 32 schools (compare 2011: 390 pupils from 15 schools). 166 were boys, 270 were girls. Intermediate: 506 pupils from 48 schools (compare 2011: level not sat). 226 were boys, 280 were girls. Advanced: 1,110 pupils from 90 schools (compare 2011: 833 pupils from 52 schools). 557 were boys, 553 were girls. The Male/Female figures show that Foundation level entries tend slightly to be girls (2011: slightly to be boys), Intermediate level entries tend slightly to be girls (2011: level not sat) and Advanced entries are very even (2011: strongly to be girls). Foundation level results The paper was marked out of 45, the highest mark was 36 and the lowest was 3. The mean was 19.6. In other words, the typical participant could cope with just under half the questions. The figures below summarise the national picture. Four students were unclassified by year. The one year 4 student scored a creditable 11. The figures show an erratic increasing skill level from year to year. The drop in average for years 10 and 11 is probably due to the fact that these students were selected or self-selected to sit the Foundation rather than the Intermediate paper. The SD for Year 11 is based on an insufficient population, so is not meaningful. As last year, many students took the test in teams, especially in the younger age groups. Distribution of Foundation level scores by National Curriculum year Intermediate level results The paper was marked out of 70, the highest mark was 68 and the lowest was 6. The mean was 37.7. In other words, the typical participant could cope with just over half the questions. The figures below summarise the national picture. The figures show an erratic increasing skill level from year to year. The drop in average for year 12 is probably due to the fact that these students were selected or self-selected to sit the Intermediate rather than the Advanced paper. The SDs for Years 12 and 13 are based on insufficient populations, so they are not meaningful. Some of the students took the test in teams, especially in year 9, but most sat the test as individuals. Distribution of Intermediate level scores by National Curriculum year Advanced level results The paper was marked out of 95, the highest mark was 95 and the lowest was 3. The mean was 56.6. In other words, the typical participant could cope with about 60% of the paper. The figures below summarise the national picture. 18 students scored zero. It is not clear whether they sat the test and did not score, or did not sit the test. They have therefore been excluded from the results listed above. The figures show a wide range of marks in most years. The skill level, while it does not increase smoothly from year to year, nonetheless does have a general upward trend over the age groups. The high result for year 8 is a product of low numbers, and the probable selection of only the brightest students to take the test at this level. The drop in average for year 12 may reflect the number of entries from schools new to the Olympiad, which are concentrated in year 12. The SDs for year 8 is based on an insufficient population, so is not meaningful. The population for year 9 is marginal, but the SD has been included. 17 students have gone through to round 2. The original planned number of 16 students was increased by one to accommodate a tie for 16th place. Distribution of Advanced level scores by National Curriculum year Comparative Averages The averages for each year for each level have been normalized to 100% of possible marks for comparison purposes. The figures are given below, in table and graphical form. Yr 10 Analysis of Question 5 Q5 is the only one sat by all students. The figures by age only are: NC Year By gender:	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5647
__label__wiki	0.635636	0.635636	About OFA Faculty Diversity Scholars Program Faculty Scholar Award Faculty Vitality Award UMMS Mentoring Survey Faculty Fast Facts Faculty NewsWire Onboarding Mentor CVs and NIH Biosketches Junior Faculty Development Program Peers for Promotion Individual Opportunity Plan IOP Step 1 - Mission IOP Step 2 - SWOT IOP Step 3 - Planning IOP Step 4 - Action Plan Preparing for Promotion External Programs Define Your Needs Identify a Mentor Start a Relationship Guidance for Mentees Your First Contact Setting Expectations Mentoring Agreement Being an Effective Mentee Guidance for Mentors Onboarding Mentors Career Flexibility Part Time Guidelines Transition Through Retirement Post Retirement Strategies for Resilience Resources for Wellness Campus Initiatives Joy McCann Professorship Women's Faculty Committee Women's Faculty Awards WFC Subcommittees EMPOWER Summit 4 Types of Appointments UMMS-Employed Faculty UMMHC-Employed Faculty External Foundation or Agency Faculty Job Openings Academic Evaluation Areas of Distinction Basic File Letters of Evaluation Narrative Statement Narrative Statement Examples Eligibility & Criteria Non-Tenure Track Tracks & Ranks Steps to Promotion Probationary Period Transfer Tracks Mini Tenure Review Post-Tenure Review (PMYR) Faculty Reviews Annual Performance Review (APR) Mini-Tenure Review Sabbatical Leaves Academic Personnel Policy Article 1 - Authority, Definitions, Standards Article 2 - Areas of Academic Evaluation Article 3 - Appointment and Promotion Article 4 - Tenure Article 5 - Employed Faculty Article 6 - Other Faculty Appointments Campus Governance Article I - Definitions Article II - Organization Structure Article III - Executive Authority Article IV - Governance Structure Article V - Governing Bodies Article VI - Standing Committees Article VII - Amendment School Bylaws Other UMMS Policies COVID-19 RESOURCES FOR FACULTY Appointment & Promotion Quicklinks Section 4.1 Eligibility for Tenure Section 4.2 Criteria for Tenure Section 4.3 Tenure Guarantees Section 4.4 Privileges and Responsibilities of Tenure Section 4.5 The Tenure Track Section 4.6 Tenure Committees Section 4.7 Tenure Dossier Section 4.8 Procedure for the Award of Tenure in the School of Medicine Section 4.9 Procedure for the Award of Tenure in the Graduate School of Nursing Section 4.10 Appointment with Tenure Section 4.11 Appointment with Term Tenure Section 4.12 Annual Performance Review (APR) of Tenured Faculty Section 4.13 Reduction in Academic Salary of Tenured Faculty Section 4.14 Periodic Multi-Year Review (PMYR) of Tenured Faculty Section 4.15 Termination of Tenured Faculty This Article describes the policies and procedures for the award of Tenure and the terms and conditions that apply to all Tenured Faculty Members at UMMS. To be considered for the award of Tenure, individuals must have an appointment in the Tenure Track (Section 4.5), be eligible for Appointment with Tenure (Section 4.9), or be eligible for Appointment with Term Tenure (Section 4.10). Tenure is only awarded to Faculty Members at the rank of Associate Professor or Professor. Tenured Faculty Members may be UMMS-Employed Faculty (Section 5.2), UMMHC-Employed Faculty (Section 5.3) or Faculty Employed by a University-Approved External Foundation or Agency (Section 5.4). Professionally-Salaried UMMS-Employed Faculty (Section 5.2.a.ii) are not eligible to receive the award of Tenure. The award of Tenure is an acknowledgement that a Faculty Member has achieved academic excellence. Tenure is awarded by the University of Massachusetts to individuals who on review of their Tenure Dossier (Section 4.7) are judged to meet each of the following criteria: a. Convincing evidence of, and potential for continuing “Excellence” in scholarly activity in one or more Areas of Distinction (Section 2.2) and “Excellence” in either Education (Section 2.4) or Academic Service (Section 2.5) with a minimum of “Strength” in the other, such as to demonstrate the possession of qualities appropriate to a member of the Faculty occupying a permanent position; and b. Compelling assurance of continuing development and achievement leading to considerable further contributions to UMMS, the University of Massachusetts, and the medical/scientific profession. The award of Tenure at UMMS guarantees: a. Continuing employment as an Academically-Salaried Faculty Member with an “Academic Salary” (as defined below), and subject only to termination by UMMS for “Cause” (Section 4.15) [Employment is guaranteed for a specified time period for individuals appointed with Term Tenure (Section 4.11)]; b. Academic freedom (Section 1.4) within the defined missions of UMMS; and c. An “Academic Salary”, based on full time employment, defined as follows: i. For a UMMS-Employed Tenured Faculty Member, Academic Salary is the individual’s annual base salary, which is defined as their total annual salary less any other additional compensation. ii. For a UMMHC-Employed Tenured Faculty Member, Academic Salary is defined as the average annual base salary of all Tenured UMMS-Employed basic science faculty at the same rank, or the individual’s total annual base salary, whichever is lower. iii. If an individual is not employed full time, their Academic Salary is pro-rated accordingly. Because the award of Tenure provides the above guarantees, Tenured Faculty Members have an obligation for continuing high levels of performance in their Academic Activities. Tenured Faculty Members are also expected to provide a portion of their Academic Salary, which portion may be defined in their letter of offer and may be modified by subsequent Annual Performance Reviews (Section 5.5). Sources of funding for this portion of Academic Salary may include, but are not limited to, awards and/or scholarships; grants and/or contracts; individual Research Trust Funds (RTF); individual endowment funds; compensation for administrative, educational or other academic services; and/or Department or Non-Department Unit funds at the discretion of the chair or director. The performance of Tenured Faculty Members is reviewed annually through the APR (Section 4.12). Unsatisfactory ratings in the APR may result in a reduction of salary (Section 4.13). Tenured Faculty Members also undergo a Periodic Multi-Year Review (Section 4.14) that assesses faculty performance over a longer time. The employment and appointment of a Tenured Faculty Member can only be terminated by UMMS for “Cause” (Section 4.15). Individuals appointed in the Tenure Track with a Probationary Period conduct Academic Activities and Scholarship (Section 2.3) in one or more Areas of Distinction (Section 2.2), engage in Educational Activities (Section 2.4), and provide Academic Service (Section 2.5) to establish an academic record to be considered for the award of Tenure. a. Appointment in the Tenure Track. Individuals may be appointed in the Tenure Track in one of two ways: i. Appointment at Time of Hire. Individuals are appointed in the Tenure Track at the time of hire though the procedures for appointment (Sections 3.12 and 3.13). ii. Transfer from the Non-Tenure Track. Individuals may transfer from the Non-Tenure Track into the Tenure Track in the SOM on recommendation of the chair, following review by the Department Tenure Committee (or equivalent), and approval by the Dean and Provost. Individuals may transfer from the Non-Tenure Track into the Tenure Track in the GSN on recommendation of the Dean, following review by the GSN Tenure Committee, and approval by the Provost. Individuals are appointed in the Tenure Track at the rank of Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, or Professor, according to the eligibility and criteria for these ranks (Sections 3.6–3.9). Individuals appointed in the Tenure Track must have an academic record that indicates a high likelihood that they will meet the criteria for Tenure by the end of their Probationary Period. b. Employment Terms and Conditions. Individuals appointed in the Tenure Track are Academically-Salaried UMMS-Employed Faculty (Section 5.2), UMMHC-Employed Faculty (Section 5.3), or Faculty Employed by a University-Approved External Foundation or Agency (Section 5.4), and are subject to the terms and conditions defined for Employed Faculty (Article 5). Appointment in the Tenure Track does not carry any assurance, explicit or implicit, of promotion or the eventual award of Tenure. c. Probationary Period. The Probationary Period is usually eight years from the date of initial appointment in the Tenure Track. The last year of the Probationary Period is the Tenure Decision Year during which a Faculty Member must be reviewed for the award of Tenure. The Tenure Decision Year is designated at the time of appointment in the Tenure Track by written agreement between the Faculty Member and, as applicable, the chair, dean, and Provost. If the length of the Probationary Period is changed (Sections 4.5.d, 4.5.e), a new Tenure Decision Year is designated. d. Early Tenure. A Faculty Member may be considered for the award of Tenure prior to their designated Tenure Decision Year by written agreement between the Faculty Member and (as applicable) the chair, dean, and Provost. This agreement must designate a new Tenure Decision Year. e. Extension of the Probationary Period. A Faculty Member may submit a written request to extend the Probationary Period at any time prior to the start of the Faculty Member’s Tenure Decision Year. In the SOM, the request is submitted to the chair; in the GSN, the request is submitted to the GSN Dean. An extension may be requested in the following circumstances: i. When the individual is assigned clinical, educational and/or administrative duties that total more than 25% of their time and effort; ii. When the individual is granted an approved leave with or without pay (Section 5.7 and 5.8); iii. When the individual temporarily transfers from full-time to part-time employment; or iv. In other compelling circumstances, as determined in the sole discretion of the Provost. Extensions are usually requested in increments of 1–2 years but multiple or longer extensions may be requested. The Probationary Period including all extensions must not exceed a total of 12 years. The chair or GSN Dean reviews the request and, if approved, makes a recommendation to the SOM Dean and Provost (as applicable). If the Provost approves the request, a new Tenure Decision Year is confirmed by written agreement between the Faculty Member and, as applicable, the chair, dean, and Provost. Subject to the terms and conditions listed above, a Faculty Member’s request for an extension must not be unreasonably refused and must not adversely affect the final tenure decision. f. Transfer into the Non-Tenure Track. A Faculty Member may submit a written request to transfer from the Tenure Track into the Non-Tenure Track. In the SOM the request is submitted to the chair; in the GSN the request is submitted to the GSN Dean. The chair or GSN Dean reviews the request and, if approved, makes a recommendation to the SOM Dean and Provost (as applicable). If the Provost approves the request, the transfer is made by written agreement between the Faculty Member and, as applicable, the chair, dean, and Provost. A Faculty Member who has transferred out of the Tenure Track may submit a written request to the chair or GSN Dean to transfer back into the Tenure Track. The chair or GSN Dean reviews the request and, if approved, makes a recommendation to the SOM Dean and Provost (as applicable). If the Provost approves the request, the transfer and designation of the Tenure Decision Year is confirmed by written agreement between the Faculty Member and, as applicable, the chair, dean, and Provost. g. Promotion. A Faculty Member may be promoted during the Probationary Period prior to the award of Tenure according to the specific criteria for promotion of Faculty Members in the Tenure Track (Sections 3.8.c and 3.9.c) and procedure for promotion (Sections 3.12 and 3.13). Individuals must be at the rank of Associate Professor or Professor to be considered for the award of Tenure. h. Mini-Tenure Review. A Faculty Member appointed in the Tenure Track with a Probationary Period must receive a formative evaluation of their progress toward the award of Tenure during the fourth year of their Probationary Period (“Mini-Tenure Review”). This evaluation is not included in the Tenure Dossier and does not affect review of the candidate for the award of Tenure, either positively or adversely. A Mini-Tenure Review is conducted in the SOM by the chair and Department Tenured Faculty (in the GSN by the Dean and GSN Tenured Faculty), and, if applicable, the director of a Non-Department Unit. If the Department or the GSN has fewer than five Tenured Faculty Members, the chair or GSN Dean, in consultation with the candidate, appoints Tenured Faculty Members from other Departments or Schools so as to provide at least five reviewers. On notification by the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs, a Faculty Member submits to the chair or GSN Dean a curriculum vitae and any other materials that the Faculty Member believes are relevant to their progress toward meeting the criteria for Tenure (Section 4.2). The chair or GSN Dean, the Tenured Faculty Members, and, as applicable, the director of a Non-Department Unit, review the Faculty Member’s materials, and provide a written evaluation of the Faculty Member’s progress toward meeting the criteria for Tenure and suggestions that might facilitate the award of Tenure. The chair or GSN Dean meets with the Faculty Member to discuss the evaluation. A copy of the evaluation is provided to the Faculty Member and is submitted to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs. a. Department Tenure Committee. Each Department with Faculty appointed in the Tenure Track must establish a Department Tenure Committee to review and evaluate candidates for the award of Tenure and make recommendations to the chair. The Committee members are selected by the chair and approved by a simple majority vote of the Department Faculty. The Committee should consist of at least three Tenured Faculty Members with primary appointments in the Department, preferably at the rank of Professor. Members should serve for three year terms and may serve for multiple terms. If the Department has fewer than three Tenured Faculty Members, the DPAC (Section 3.10.b), with the addition of all Tenured Department Faculty, reviews candidates for the award of Tenure. The chair cannot serve as a voting member of the Committee or participate in its deliberations. Committee decisions are made by a simple majority of the voting members present at a meeting where a quorum is declared (Section 1.7.c). b. School Tenure Committee.Each School with Faculty appointed in the Tenure Track must establish a School Tenure Committee to review and evaluate candidates for the award of Tenure and make recommendations to the dean and Provost. The membership of the Committee, and its advising and reporting responsibilities are defined in the Bylaws of each School. Operating procedures are defined in the Bylaws of the Committee. Committee decisions are made by a simple majority of the voting members present at a meeting where a quorum is declared (Section 1.7.c). This Committee may also be involved in the Periodic Multi-Year Review of Tenured Faculty (Section 4.14) and Termination of Tenured Faculty (Section 4.15). Section 4.7 Tenure Dossier. The Tenure Dossier is the compilation of all materials relevant to the evaluation of a candidate for the award of Tenure. The Tenure Dossier consists of the following components: a. Materials provided by the candidate: i. A current curriculum vitae in the UMMS format; ii. Evidence of effectiveness in educational activities, such as teaching evaluations; iii. A narrative statement that describes the candidate’s scholarly activities and future goals; iv. Up to five scholarly works that the candidate feels represent their best scholarship; and v. Any other materials that the candidate believes are relevant for consideration. b. Materials added through the procedures for the Award of Tenure (Sections 4.8 and 4.9): i. Letters of evaluation (Section 4.8.b) and a list of the individuals solicited for letters; ii. Written recommendation by the Department Tenure Committee (SOM only; Section 4.8.c); iii. Written recommendation by the chair of the candidate’s primary department (SOM only; Section 4.8.d); and iv. Written recommendations by others (chairs, the GSN Dean, or directors of Non-Department Units, as applicable; Section 4.8.d). Such materials, including the identity of letter writers and ad hoc reviewers, are considered confidential, are only used in the review of the candidate for tenure, and must not be communicated to the candidate (Section 1.7.b). This procedure applies to all candidates who are considered for the award of Tenure in the SOM. The review of the candidate's qualifications for tenure is based on relevant activities over the entire course of their academic career. a. Initiation of Procedure. At least three months before the start of the candidate’s Tenure Decision Year, the chair requests the candidate to submit the following: i. Materials to be included in the candidate’s Tenure Dossier (Section 4.7.a): curriculum vitae, evidence of educational effectiveness, narrative statement, scholarly works, and any other relevant materials; ii. A list of individuals to be considered for solicitation of letters of evaluation (Section 4.8.b); and iii. A list of individuals (UMMS and non-UMMS) to be considered as ad hoc reviewers (Section 4.8.f.iii). Individuals who write letters of evaluation cannot serve as ad hoc reviewers. iv. Optional: a list, with a written justification, of individuals, including voting members of the School Tenure Committee, whom the candidate feels may have a real or perceived conflict of interest or bias in the evaluation of the candidate. b. Letters of Evaluation.Letters of evaluation provide information for the evaluation of a candidate’s contributions, achievements, and academic reputation. The chair selects the individuals to be solicited for letters of evaluation. In selecting these individuals, the chair must take into consideration the lists of individuals provided by the candidate. The chair may add or subtract individuals as they deem appropriate but must include at least two individuals proposed by the candidate. The chair or their designee solicits the letters, which are added to the candidate’s Tenure Dossier. All letters received must be included in the Tenure Dossier, which must also include a list of all individuals solicited for letters of evaluation. Letters of evaluation are categorized as follows: i. Category 1. Letters (no defined number) may be from any individual who can attest to the candidate’s qualifications. Such individuals may be UMMS Faculty Members, colleagues at the same or previous institution, or past or present mentors, supervisors or collaborators. ii. Category 2. At least five (5) letters must be from individuals who are not UMMS Faculty Members. Such individuals should not have a personal and/or professional relationship with the candidate that suggests a real or perceived conflict of interest or bias in evaluating the candidate. For example, the individual should not be a personal friend or relative, a close colleague at the same or previous institution, or a past or present mentor, supervisor or collaborator (as demonstrated by co-authored papers or joint funding). iii. Category 3. Optional: letters (no defined number) attesting to the candidate’s effectiveness in their educational activities may be solicited from students, trainees and/or mentees proposed by the candidate. c. Department Review. The Department Tenure Committee reviews the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and makes a written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure based on the criteria for Tenure (Section 4.2). The recommendation is reached by a simple majority vote of the Committee, conducted by secret ballot of the voting members present. The recommendation, which must include the vote tally and the names of Committee members participating in the vote, is added to the Tenure Dossier. d. Chair Review. The chair reviews the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and makes a written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure based on the criteria for Tenure. The recommendation is added to the Tenure Dossier, which the chair submits to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs. For a candidate who has a joint or secondary appointment in another Department or in the GSN, or who has a position in a Non-Department Unit, the chair, GSN Dean or director of the Non-Department Unit must either co-sign the chair’s recommendation or provide a separate written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure. The chair must inform the candidate of their recommendation and the recommendation of the Department Tenure Committee prior to submission of the candidate’s Tenure Dossier to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs. The chair also informs the candidate of subsequent recommendations and decisions. e. School Tenure Committee Review. The Provost’s designee for faculty affairs determines the completeness of the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and submits the Tenure Dossier to the School Tenure Committee. i. Conflict of Interest. School Tenure Committee members who have voted in the Department review of the candidate may participate in the Committee review but are not allowed to vote. Individuals who have a real or perceived conflict of interest or bias (Section 1.7.a), as determined by the Chair(s) of the School Tenure Committee, are excused from participation in the review of the candidate. ii. Preliminary Review. The School Tenure Committee conducts a preliminary review of the candidate’s Tenure Dossier, in order to identify and request any additional information deemed necessary by the Committee. Such requests are managed by the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs. iii. Selection of Ad Hoc Reviewers. The School Tenure Committee selects up to three individuals to serve as ad hoc voting members of the Committee in the review of the candidate. The ad hoc members must have an appropriate level of professional accomplishment and expertise in the candidate's field to evaluate the candidate, must hold tenure or its equivalent, and must be able to provide unbiased assessments. At least one ad hoc member must not be a UMMS Faculty Member. In selecting ad hoc members, the School Tenure Committee must take into consideration individuals whom the candidate has proposed as ad hoc members (Section 4.8.a.iii), as well as those identified as having a real or perceived conflict of interest or bias in the review of the candidate (Section 4.8.a.iv). For candidates who at the time of their initial hire are considered for Appointment with Tenure (Section 4.10) or Appointment with Term Tenure (Section 4.11), the School Tenure Committee may select up to two Tenured members of the Search Committee for the candidate to serve as ad hoc members of the School Tenure Committee; in which case, the requirement for an external ad hoc School Tenure Committee member is waived. iv. Formal Review. The School Tenure Committee, including the ad hoc members, reviews the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and makes a written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure based on the criteria for Tenure. The recommendation is determined by a simple majority vote of the voting members of the Committee present, conducted by secret ballot. The Committee chair submits the recommendation, which must include the vote tally and the names of Committee members participating in the vote, to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs, who adds the recommendation to the candidate’s Tenure Dossier. The Provost’s designee for faculty affairs informs the Department chair of the recommendation of the School Tenure Committee. If the Committee’s recommendation is contrary to the chair’s recommendation, the chair may provide clarification or additional information for the candidate’s Tenure Dossier, which the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs submits to the School Tenure Committee. The Committee reviews the Tenure Dossier with the additional information and submits to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs a second written recommendation either confirming or altering the original recommendation. The Provost’s designee for faculty affairs informs the chair of the Committee’s recommendation. f. Dean Review. The Dean reviews the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and makes a written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure based on the criteria for Tenure. The recommendation is added to the Tenure Dossier. If the Dean intends to make a recommendation different from that of the School Tenure Committee, then the Dean must first meet with the School Tenure Committee for consultation to provide an opportunity for full and candid discussion of the divergent recommendations, following which the Dean makes a written recommendation. If the positions of Dean and Provost are held by the same individual, the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs submits the candidate’s Tenure Dossier to the Chancellor for review (Section 4.7.h). Otherwise, the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs submits the Tenure Dossier to the Provost for review. g. Provost Review. The Provost reviews the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and makes a written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure based on the criteria for Tenure. The recommendation is added to the Tenure Dossier, which the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs submits to the Chancellor. h. Chancellor Review. The Chancellor reviews the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and provides a written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure based on the criteria for Tenure. The recommendation is added to the Tenure Dossier and the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs informs the chair of the Chancellor’s recommendation. If the Chancellor supports the award of Tenure, the Chancellor submits the candidate’s Tenure Dossier to the President of the University of Massachusetts System. If the Chancellor does not support the award of Tenure, the Chancellor informs the Provost, Dean and chair, and notifies the candidate in writing that the award of Tenure has been denied and that their position in the Tenure Track will terminate one year from the date of notification of denial of Tenure. i. Disposition by President. The President of the University of Massachusetts System, acting in accordance with the responsibilities defined in Section 1.1, reviews the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and decides whether or not to award Tenure. The decision to award Tenure is made by the President with the concurrence of the Board of Trustees. Prior to a negative decision that would be contrary to the recommendation of the Chancellor, the President must invite the Chancellor to provide additional information for the Tenure Dossier or to further explain the recommendation. If the President decides not to award Tenure, they inform the Chancellor, who notifies the candidate in writing that the award of Tenure has been denied and that their position in the Tenure Track will terminate one year from the date of notification of denial of Tenure. j. Withdrawal from Candidacy. A candidate in the Tenure Track may submit a written request to the chair at any time during their Tenure Decision Year to withdraw their candidacy for the award of Tenure. If the chair approves the request, they notify the candidate in writing that their position in the Tenure Track will terminate one year from the date of withdrawal from candidacy. k. Transfer into the Non-Tenure Track. A Faculty Member who has withdrawn from candidacy for Tenure or who has been denied the award of Tenure may request transfer into the Non-Tenure Track (Section 4.5.f) during the one-year period of notice of termination of their position in the Tenure Track. Such transfers are not automatic and require approval of the chair, SOM Dean or GSN Dean (as applicable), and Provost. Section 4.9 Procedure for the Award of Tenure in the Graduate School of Nursing (GSN) Faculty Members with primary appointments in the GSN are reviewed for the award of Tenure by the same procedure as described for the School of Medicine (Section 4.8) with the following differences: a. The GSN Dean and/or their designee performs the actions described for the chair in Section 4.8. There is no department Tenure Committee or chair review. b. The GSN Dean and/or their designee submits the candidate’s Tenure Dossier to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs who reviews the Dossier for completeness. c. The Provost’s designee for faculty affairs submits the candidate’s Tenure Dossier to the GSN Tenure Committee. The Committee makes a written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure based on the criteria for Tenure (Section 4.8.e). d. The GSN Dean reviews the candidate’s Tenure Dossier and makes a written recommendation for or against the award of Tenure based on the criteria for Tenure (Section 4.8.f). If the Dean intends to make a recommendation different from that of the GSN Tenure Committee, then the Dean must first meet with the GSN Tenure Committee for consultation to provide an opportunity for full and candid discussion of the divergent recommendations, following which the Dean makes their written recommendation. Subsequent actions are as described for the School of Medicine (Sections 4.8.g–k). a. Eligibility. Usually, Appointment with Tenure is limited to individuals who hold tenure (or its equivalent) at another institution. Individuals who are not Tenured, including UMMS Faculty in the Non-Tenure Track, may be considered for Appointment with Tenure, subject to the availability of a Tenure position approved by the dean and Provost. b. Procedure. Individuals are proposed for Appointment with Tenure on recommendation by the chair or GSN Dean (as applicable) and approval through the procedures for appointment (Sections 3.12 and 3.13) and for the award of Tenure (Sections 4.8 and 4.9). If the individual withdraws their candidacy, they may accept a position in the Non-Tenure Track or in the Tenure Track with a Probationary Period or they may resign their position. If the individual is denied Tenure, they may accept a position in the Non-Tenure Track or they may resign their position. a. Guarantees. Appointment with Term Tenure guarantees: i. Continuing employment as an Academically-Salaried Faculty Member with an Academic Salary for a defined period, usually seven years, subject only to termination by UMMS for “Cause” (Section 4.15) during that period; ii. Academic freedom (Section 1.4) within the defined missions of UMMS; and iii. Academic Salary (Section 4.3.c). b. Eligibility. Usually, Appointment with Term Tenure is limited to individuals who hold tenure (or its equivalent) at another institution. Individuals who are not Tenured, including UMMS Faculty in the Non-Tenure Track, may be considered for Appointment with Term Tenure, subject to the availability of a Term Tenure position approved by the dean and Provost. UMMS Faculty Members appointed in the Tenure Track with a Probationary Period are not eligible for Term Tenure. c. Procedure. Individuals are proposed for Appointment with Term Tenure on recommendation by the chair or GSN Dean (as applicable) and approval through the procedures for appointment (Sections 3.12 and 3.13) and for the award of Tenure (Sections 4.8 and 4.9). If the individual withdraws their candidacy, they may accept a position in the Non-Tenure Track or in the Tenure Track with a Probationary Period or they may resign their position. If the individual is denied Tenure, they may accept a position in the Non-Tenure Track or they may resign their position. d. Extension. A Faculty Member may submit a written request to extend their Appointment with Term Tenure for up to three years. In the SOM, the request is submitted to the chair; in the GSN, the request is submitted to the GSN Dean. The chair or GSN Dean reviews the request and, if approved, makes a recommendation to the SOM Dean and Provost (as applicable). If the Provost approves the request, the appointment is extended by written agreement between the Faculty Member and, as applicable, the chair, dean and Provost. e. End of Term. At the expiration of the Term Tenure appointment or if a request for extension of the appointment is not approved by the chair, dean or Provost, the individual’s employment and appointment at UMMS ends, and there is no form, measure or payment of any “notice” to the individual. Prior to termination, the individual may request transfer to the Non-Tenure Track (Section 4.5.f); such transfers are not automatic and require approval of the chair or GSN Dean, and consultation with the SOM Dean and Provost, as applicable. The performance of a Tenured Faculty Member is evaluated annually through the APR (Section 5.5) by the chair, director of a Non-Department Unit or dean (as applicable, Section 3.3). If a Tenured Faculty Member receives a rating of unsatisfactory in their APR, the chair, director, SOM Dean, GSN Dean or Provost (as applicable) may take a more active role in assigning tasks (such as increased administration, teaching and/or clinical activity) such that the Faculty Member could contribute at the expected level. This procedure is invoked when a Tenured Faculty Member receives repeated ratings of unsatisfactory in their APR. The procedure must not be used to limit the Faculty Member’s academic freedom (Section 1.4), to constrain the Academic Activities of a Tenured Faculty Member, or to address the fiscal concerns of the Department, UMMS, or University of Massachusetts. The salary of a Tenured Faculty Member can only be reduced under the conditions described below. a. Reduction in Salary. If a Tenured Faculty Member receives ratings of unsatisfactory in their APR for any three consecutive years or for any three years in a consecutive four year period, their salary may be reduced in the following year to an amount that is 95% of their current Academic Salary. The chair, GSN Dean or director of a Non-Department Unit (as applicable) provides written notification to the Faculty Member of the amount of the salary reduction and the effective date of the reduction. If the Faculty Member continues to receive ratings of unsatisfactory in their APR in subsequent consecutive years, their salary may be reduced further in two annual steps to amounts that are 85% and 75%, respectively, of their Academic Salary prior to any reductions. Salaries cannot be reduced below 75% of Academic Salary. If the Faculty Member disagrees with a salary reduction the matter is brought to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs for consultation and resolution. If there is continuing disagreement, the Faculty Member may seek resolution as defined in the Rights of Members of the Faculty in Academic Personnel Matters (Section 1.8). b. Restoration of Salary. If a Faculty Member whose salary has been reduced receives a rating of satisfactory in their APR, their salary is restored to at least the level that existed prior to any reduction. A Faculty Member whose salary is restored is eligible to receive any general (non-merit) salary increases that occurred during the period of salary reduction. The purpose of the PMYR is to evaluate the performance and goals of Tenured Faculty Members over a longer time period than the Annual Performance Review (Section 4.12) and foster the continued professional development and high levels of performance in Academic Activities expected of the Tenured Faculty (Section 4.4). Tenured Faculty Members must be evaluated by a PMYR in the seventh academic year following either the date of award of Tenure, the most recent promotion, or the most recent PMYR. The procedure described herein applies to the SOM. The same procedure is followed in the GSN with the exception that the actions described herein for the chair and the SOM Dean are performed by the GSN Dean and Provost, respectively. a. PMYR Procedure. The chair conducts the PMYR for all Tenured Faculty Members with a primary appointment in their Department. If a Faculty Member holds a position in a Non-Department Unit, the chair must seek input from the director of that Unit. i. The chair requests the Faculty Member to submit a curriculum vitae and a PMYR statement that summarizes their activities during the previous seven years and describes their long term goals (5–7 years) for scholarship, education and service, including any resources required to accomplish these goals. ii. The chair reviews the Faculty Member’s curriculum vitae, PMYR statement, and their APRs for the previous seven years, and provides a written evaluation of the Faculty Member’s past performance and proposed long term goals. This evaluation may include needs for professional development, new initiatives or changes in direction that will benefit the Faculty Member and UMMS and foster continued high levels of performance in Academic Activities (Section 4.4). The chair makes a decision to accept or revise the Faculty Member’s PMYR statement as follows: a) A decision to accept the PMYR statement is made when the chair determines that no changes in the Faculty Member’s proposed activities and goals are required in order to promote their professional progress and continued high levels of performance in Academic Activities (Section 4.4). b) A decision to revise the PMYR statement is made when the chair determines that changes in the Faculty Member’s proposed activities and goals are required in order to promote their professional progress and continued high levels of performance in Academic Activities (Section 4.4). The evaluation and decision are provided to Faculty Member, who acknowledges receipt by signature and may provide a response. If the chair decides to accept the PMYR statement, the chair forwards their evaluation and decision to the Dean and the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs, and the review is concluded. iii. If the chair decides that the PMYR statement requires revision, the chair must meet with the Faculty Member to discuss ways to optimize the Faculty Member’s contributions through a revised PMYR statement. The Faculty Member may present any supplemental documentation of their performance at this meeting. The intent of the revision is to support and encourage the Faculty Member's continued professional development and high levels of performance in Academic Activities (Section 4.4). It must not impinge on the Faculty Member's academic freedom (Section 1.4). Opportunities for professional development may include, but are not limited to, consultation with colleagues to assist in problem areas, a change in department assignments to facilitate improvement in teaching, research or service, or a sabbatical leave. Following this meeting, the Faculty Member submits a revised PMYR statement to the chair. iv. The chair reviews the revised PMYR statement and decides whether or not to accept the statement. If the chair decides to accept the revised PMYR statement, the chair forwards their decision to the Dean and the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs, and the review is concluded. If the chair decides not to accept the revised PMYR statement, they must state their reasons in writing, and further action must be taken as described below. b. Further Action. If the chair and Faculty Member cannot reach agreement on the PMYR statement, the chair notifies the Dean and the matter is brought to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs for consultation and resolution. i. Following this consultation, if the Faculty Member and chair reach agreement on the PMYR statement, the Dean is notified and the review is concluded. If agreement is not reached, the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs refers the matter to the School Tenure Committee. The Committee reviews the Faculty Member’s curriculum vitae, PMYR statements, APRs for the previous seven years (with the agreement of the Faculty Member) and evaluations by the chair. The Committee submits a written recommendation to the Provost’s designee whether to accept or modify the revised PMYR statement. The Provost’s designee provides the Committee’s recommendation to the Faculty Member and chair. ii. If the Faculty Member and the chair mutually accept the recommendation of the Tenure Committee, the Dean is notified and the review is concluded. If the Faculty Member and chair do not mutually accept the recommendation of the School Tenure Committee, the matter is referred to the Dean. The Dean reviews the Faculty Member’s curriculum vitae, PMYR statements, APRs for the previous seven years, evaluations by the chair, and recommendation by the Tenure Committee. The Dean may consult with the Faculty Member and chair in making a decision. The Dean provides a written statement that defines the goals and expectations for evaluation of the Faculty Member’s performance through subsequent APRs. This statement may include a reallocation of the Faculty Member’s effort but must not impinge on their academic freedom (Section 1.4). The statement is signed by the Faculty Member and chair to acknowledge receipt. The Dean’s decision is final: no further action is taken and the review is concluded. iii. If the Faculty Member does not agree with the Dean’s decision, the Faculty Member may seek resolution as defined in the Rights of Members of the Faculty in Academic Personnel Matters (Section 1.8). The employment and appointment of a Tenured Faculty Member can only be terminated by UMMS for “Cause” (Section 1.9) by the procedure described herein. a. General Actions. With respect to the procedure described herein: i. Conflict of Interest. If any individual involved in this procedure has a real or perceived conflict of interest (Section 1.7.a), they must disclose same to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs. A review must be conducted by the Chancellor or their designee to determine whether there is a conflict and, if a conflict exists, to select a replacement for the individual to serve the functions described herein. ii. Administrative Leave. If the Provost determines at any time that the Faculty Member may reasonably pose a threat to the campus community or patient safety, the Provost may place the Faculty Member on Administrative Leave (Section 5.8). iii. Advisors. The Faculty Member and Provost may each designate an individual (who may be an attorney) to serve as their “Advisor” to provide advice and support during the process. The Advisors must act only in an advisory capacity. They may accompany the Faculty Member or Provost to any meetings or hearings but must not speak on behalf of the Faculty Member or Provost or otherwise participate in any meetings or hearings. b. Informal Resolution. A complaint about the conduct of a Tenured Faculty Member may be brought to the Provost at any time. If the Provost determines that the complaint may constitute grounds for termination for “Cause” (Section 1.9), the Provost provides written notification of the matter to the Faculty Member and, as applicable, the chair, SOM Dean and GSN Dean, and charges the chair or GSN Dean to review the matter, meet with the Faculty member and attempt to seek a resolution. If the Faculty Member holds a position in a Non-Department Unit, the director of that Unit must also be notified by the Provost and must work with the chair or GSN Dean in seeking resolution of the matter. The chair or GSN Dean may request that the Department Tenure Committee or GSN Tenure Committee (as applicable) review the matter and provide a recommendation on resolution. The chair or GSN Dean may also seek guidance from or consult with other Faculty Members and administrators. Depending on the nature of the complaint, other UMMS Departments or offices may be obligated to review the matter and may conduct their own independent investigations. Within 20 working days following notification by the Provost, the chair or GSN Dean must provide a written report to the Provost and the Faculty Member describing the results of efforts to seek resolution. The chair or GSN Dean must also advise if there is a proposed agreed-upon resolution, or if no resolution was able to be reached. If the Faculty Member holds a position in a Non-Department Unit, the report is also provided to the director of the Unit. If the positions of SOM Dean and Provost are held by different individuals, the chair first submits the report to the SOM Dean. Within 10 working days of receipt, the Dean must review the report, and if a proposed resolution has been offered, add a statement whether such resolution of the matter is acceptable or not acceptable, and submit the report to the Provost. c. Provost’s Decision on Informal Resolution. Within 10 working days after receipt, the Provost must review the report and provide written notification to the Faculty Member and, as applicable, the chair, dean, and director of their decision as described below. i. If the chair or GSN Dean proposes a resolution of the matter, the Provost decides whether this resolution is acceptable or not acceptable. If the Provost agrees with the proposed resolution, the matter is closed. ii. If the Provost does not agree with the proposed resolution or if the chair or GSN Dean states that the matter could not be resolved, the Provost charges a designee to conduct an inquiry of the matter. d. Inquiry. On receipt of the charge by the Provost, the Provost’s designee conducts an inquiry of the matter, including, but not limited to, the following actions: i. Conduct a fair and thorough inquiry and consider any and all relevant documentary and testimonial evidence; ii. Request an interview with the Faculty Member and, if the Faculty Member agrees, interview the Faculty Member; iii. Request the Provost and the Faculty Member to submit any documentary evidence and the names of any relevant witnesses; iv. Make a good-faith effort to contact all relevant witnesses and obtain information about the matter; and v. Compile all documentary and testimonial evidence in a “Case Record”. Within 45 working days of receipt of the charge from the Provost, the Provost’s designee must complete a written report of the inquiry, which is included in the Case Record, and forward the Case Record to the Provost. e. Provost’s Decision on the Inquiry. Within 10 working days after receipt of the Case Record, the Provost must review the Case Record and determine whether or not there are sufficient grounds to support potential termination of the Faculty Member for “Cause”. If the Provost decides that there are insufficient grounds for such termination, the matter is closed. If the Provost decides that there are sufficient grounds to support such a potential termination, the Provost charges the appropriate School Tenure Committee to convene a Hearing Committee. The Provost provides written notification of the decision to the Faculty Member and the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs and as applicable, the chair, dean, and director of a Non-Department Unit. The Provost’s written decision is added to the Case Record. The Provost’s designee for faculty affairs provides the Faculty Member with a copy of the Case Record. f. Selection of the Hearing Committee. Within 20 working days after receipt of the Provost’s charge, the Hearing Committee must be selected. The Hearing Committee consists of five voting members and two alternate members, selected from the School Tenure Committee and Tenured UMMS Faculty Members as follows. i. The Chair of the School Tenure Committee contacts the members of the Tenure Committee to determine their availability to serve on the Hearing Committee and whether they may have any real or perceived conflicts of interest (Section 1.7.a). The Chair of the School Tenure Committee may excuse individuals from service for illness, absence during the hearing period, or conflict of interest. ii. The Chair of the School Tenure Committee selects the five voting members and the two alternate members of the Hearing Committee by random draw from the available members of the School Tenure Committee and provides the list to the Faculty Member and Provost. The Faculty Member and/or the Provost may challenge a selected individual and state the grounds for challenge. The Chair of the School Tenure Committee rules on the challenge based on the standard that the individual must be able to render a fair and impartial recommendation, especially if the individual has prior knowledge of the case and/or a personal, professional or financial relationship (excluding employment with UMMS/UMMHC) with either party (Section 1.7.a). If the Chair agrees with a challenge, the individual is removed from the list and replaced by an individual selected by random draw from the remaining available members of the Tenure Committee. The replacement individual may similarly be challenged by the Faculty Member or Provost. iii. If there are insufficient members of the School Tenure Committee to form the Hearing Committee, individuals are selected by random draw from UMMS Tenured Faculty, not including chairs, deans, directors of Non-Department Units or other administrators. The process of selection, including the opportunity for challenge, continues until five voting members and two alternate members have been identified. iv. The Chair of the School Tenure Committee selects by random draw the Chair of the Hearing Committee from the five voting members. g. Scheduling of the Hearing. Once the Hearing Committee has been selected, the Hearing must be scheduled within 30 working days. The Provost’s designee for faculty affairs must inform the Faculty Member and Provost that they may submit documentary evidence, witness statements or introduce witnesses at the Hearing. If they elect to do so, they must identify and submit such evidence to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs, no later than 10 working days prior to the date of the Hearing. The Provost’s designee for faculty affairs provides this documentation and information to the other party. h. Conduct of the Hearing. The Hearing is conducted as follows: i. The Chair of the Hearing Committee is in charge of all proceedings of the Hearing. The five voting members and the two alternate members of the Hearing Committee attend all proceedings, but the alternate members are not involved in deliberations or recommendations. If a voting member of the Committee is unable to continue, the Chair of the Committee randomly selects an alternate member to serve. ii. The two “Parties” in the Hearing are the Faculty Member and the Provost. The Faculty Member may be present at all meetings of the Committee where evidence is received or testimony heard and may be accompanied by their Advisor. The Provost may identify a Designee to represent the Provost at the Hearing; the Designee cannot be an attorney. iii. The Hearing is closed, except for the following individuals: the Hearing Committee; the Faculty Member and their Advisor; the Provost or their Designee and their Advisor; any designated witnesses; and the individual charged to conduct the inquiry. iv. All documentation introduced during the Hearing is included in the Case Record. The Hearing Committee is not bound by the rules of legal evidence and may admit any evidence (testimonial or documentary) that it deems to be of value to their deliberations. A recording of the Hearing must be made and a written transcript is included in the Case Record. v. Members of the Hearing Committee may ask questions of either Party and any witness brought by either Party. The Parties are not allowed to ask questions of the other Party or cross-examine witnesses. The Hearing is conducted as described below. a) The Hearing Committee Chair opens the Hearing and describes the sequence and conduct of the proceedings. The Chair may be assisted, procedurally, by the Associate Vice Chancellor for Management or their designee. b) The individual charged with conducting the inquiry (Section 4.15.c.ii) presents and summarizes the Case Record. c) The Provost or their Designee may present and summarize any additional documentary evidence and testimony by witnesses, subject to the 10 day notification period (Section 4.15.g). The Provost or their Designee may also offer their view of the matter. d) The Faculty Member may present and summarize any documentary evidence and testimony by witnesses, subject to the 10 day notification period (Section 4.15.g). The Faculty Member may also offer their view of the matter. e) The Provost or their Designee may respond to matters presented by the Faculty Member. f) The Faculty Member may respond to matters presented by the Provost or their Designee. g) The Parties may present closing statements. h) The Hearing Committee Chair adjourns the Hearing. i. Recommendation by the Hearing Committee. i. Within 10 working days after the Hearing is adjourned, the Hearing Committee must determine by a majority vote of the Committee whether the alleged conduct of the Faculty Member meets the definition of termination for “Cause” (Section 1.9), supporting the Committee’s recommendation for termination, and, if so, the section(s) of the definition of “Cause” that the Faculty Member allegedly violated. The burden of proof for this determination is “by a mere preponderance of the credible evidence” submitted in the Hearing, also defined as “more probable than not”. The Hearing Committee provides written notification of their findings and recommendation to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs, who adds the findings and recommendation to the Case Record. ii. If the Hearing Committee recommends not to terminate the Faculty Member, the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs provides written notification to the Faculty Member, the chair, dean, Provost and Chancellor. The proceedings are concluded. iii. If the Hearing Committee recommends to terminate the Faculty Member, the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs provides written notification of the recommendation to the Faculty Member and the Provost. Within 10 working days of receipt of the notification, the Faculty Member may submit a written response to the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs, who adds it to the Case Record and submits the Case Record to the Chancellor. j. Disposition by the Chancellor.If the Hearing Committee recommends to terminate the Faculty Member, the Chancellor shall review the Case Record and may consult with the Hearing Committee. The Chancellor must then take one of the following actions within 20 working days of the receipt of the Case Record. i. If the Chancellor does not agree with the recommendation of the Hearing Committee and decides not to terminate the Faculty Member, the Chancellor provides written notification of this decision to the Faculty Member, the chair, dean, Provost, Hearing Committee, and the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs. The proceedings are concluded. ii. If the Chancellor agrees with the recommendation of the Hearing Committee, the Chancellor makes a recommendation to terminate the Faculty Member, which is added to the Case Record and submitted to the President of the University of Massachusetts System. The Chancellor also provides written notification of their recommendation to the Faculty Member, the chair, dean, Provost, Hearing Committee, and the Provost’s designee for faculty affairs. k. Disposition by the President. The President of the University of Massachusetts System, acting in accordance with the responsibilities defined in Section 1.1, reviews the Case Record and decides whether or not to terminate the Tenured Faculty Member. Prior to a decision that would be contrary to the recommendation of the Chancellor, the President must invite the Chancellor to provide additional information or further explain their recommendation. The decision to terminate the Tenured Faculty Member is made by the President with the concurrence of the Board of Trustees. The decision is final. About UMMS UMass System Office of Faculty Affairs • 55 Lake Avenue North • Worcester, Massachusetts 01655 Questions or Comments? Email: faculty.affairs@umassmed.edu Phone: 508-856-3244	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5650
__label__wiki	0.627721	0.627721	Keywords: Global Justice Movement x Open Section Sociology (3) Social Movements and Social Change (3) South Asian Activists in the Global Justice Movement Eva-Maria Hardtmann Sociology, Social Movements and Social Change, Politics, Social Movements and Social Change This work is a well-researched study of the last few decades of the networks in the Global Justice Movement (GJM) and World Social Forums. It offers a more novel perspective on the traditions of ... More This work is a well-researched study of the last few decades of the networks in the Global Justice Movement (GJM) and World Social Forums. It offers a more novel perspective on the traditions of protest, ethics, organizational forms, and visions among activists than is usually presented in the literature on GJM, which largely focuses on Latin America, the United States of America, and Europe. It is an ethnographically rooted account of the two conflicting discourses—one among activists in GJM and the other emanating from the World Bank—that have become intertwined locally within the same circle of activists. The author argues that local and transnational activist networks, no longer spatially and territorially limited, have become entangled with forces understood under the paradigms of ‘neoliberalism’, and relations among activists have changed in unexpected ways. Through a vivid description of transnational movements, this book aims to make evident the not-so-obvious yet intricate links between the World Bank, the United Nations, popular rock stars, and historical knowledge production among activists in South Asia and Japan in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.Less This work is a well-researched study of the last few decades of the networks in the Global Justice Movement (GJM) and World Social Forums. It offers a more novel perspective on the traditions of protest, ethics, organizational forms, and visions among activists than is usually presented in the literature on GJM, which largely focuses on Latin America, the United States of America, and Europe. It is an ethnographically rooted account of the two conflicting discourses—one among activists in GJM and the other emanating from the World Bank—that have become intertwined locally within the same circle of activists. The author argues that local and transnational activist networks, no longer spatially and territorially limited, have become entangled with forces understood under the paradigms of ‘neoliberalism’, and relations among activists have changed in unexpected ways. Through a vivid description of transnational movements, this book aims to make evident the not-so-obvious yet intricate links between the World Bank, the United Nations, popular rock stars, and historical knowledge production among activists in South Asia and Japan in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Keywords: Global Justice Movement, World Social Forum, activism, South Asia, Japan, transnationalism, dalit, burakumin, feminism, neoliberalization A Consumer Revolution?: Marketplace Activism since the Founding Caroline Heldman in Protest Politics in the Marketplace: Consumer Activism in the Corporate Age 10.7591/cornell/9781501709203.003.0002 This chapter describes seven distinct peaks of consumer activism in the U.S. that coincide with key moments of political action: The American Revolution, the Free Produce Movement, the era of Chinese ... More This chapter describes seven distinct peaks of consumer activism in the U.S. that coincide with key moments of political action: The American Revolution, the Free Produce Movement, the era of Chinese exclusion, the Progressive Movement, the New Deal period, the Civil Rights and Consumer Movements, and the Global Justice Movement. Consumer activism is an American tradition that has strengthened democracy at key points in U.S. history, with the exception of its infrequent use to suppress the rights of ethnic and racial minorities.Less A Consumer Revolution? : Marketplace Activism since the Founding This chapter describes seven distinct peaks of consumer activism in the U.S. that coincide with key moments of political action: The American Revolution, the Free Produce Movement, the era of Chinese exclusion, the Progressive Movement, the New Deal period, the Civil Rights and Consumer Movements, and the Global Justice Movement. Consumer activism is an American tradition that has strengthened democracy at key points in U.S. history, with the exception of its infrequent use to suppress the rights of ethnic and racial minorities. Keywords: consumer activism, American Revolution, Free Produce Movement, Chinese exclusion, Progressive Movement, New Deal, Civil Rights Movement, Consumer Movement, Global Justice Movement, democracy Social Movement Logics—Past, Present, and Future Todd Wolfson (ed.) in Digital Rebellion: The Birth of the Cyber Left 10.5406/illinois/9780252038846.003.0008 Society and Culture, Technology and Society This concluding chapter reexamines the Cyber Left against the backdrop of informational capitalism and history. Through this lens, it discusses indymedia as a precursor to Occupy Wall Street and many ... More This concluding chapter reexamines the Cyber Left against the backdrop of informational capitalism and history. Through this lens, it discusses indymedia as a precursor to Occupy Wall Street and many of the emergent social movements that have developed since the economic crisis of 2008. It also explains how the core logic and strategy of the Cyber Left played a significant role in the inability of the Global Social Justice Movement to build long-term power. It identifies four interrelated, core problems: (1) a retreat from class and capitalism as analytic and political categories; (2) a tendency toward technological determinism; (3) an anti-institutional bias; and (4) no emphasis on political education and leadership development.Less This concluding chapter reexamines the Cyber Left against the backdrop of informational capitalism and history. Through this lens, it discusses indymedia as a precursor to Occupy Wall Street and many of the emergent social movements that have developed since the economic crisis of 2008. It also explains how the core logic and strategy of the Cyber Left played a significant role in the inability of the Global Social Justice Movement to build long-term power. It identifies four interrelated, core problems: (1) a retreat from class and capitalism as analytic and political categories; (2) a tendency toward technological determinism; (3) an anti-institutional bias; and (4) no emphasis on political education and leadership development. Keywords: Cyber Left, indymedia movement, social movements, Occupy Wall Street, Global Social Justice Movement, informational capitalism The Global Justice Movement and Occupy: Ethics, Visions, and Networking Logics in South Asian Activists in the Global Justice Movement Chapter 2 describes the background of the GJM and the World Social Forum process. A brief overview is given of the organizational aspects and how the concept of network has been used in social ... More Chapter 2 describes the background of the GJM and the World Social Forum process. A brief overview is given of the organizational aspects and how the concept of network has been used in social movement studies to situate this study in relation to scholars writing on the GJM and the Occupy Movement. Criticism from the outside against the GJM is explored, but also coming from inside the movement. Ethical similarities and organizational differences between the GJM and the Occupy Movement are outlined and explore how activists in these two movements belong within the same broader discourse, focussing on a global economic élite. The chapter ends by relating activists in South Asia and Japan to the GJM and the Occupy Movement and demonstrates how activists in these regions have been marginalized in the movements and largely ignored in the scholarly writings.Less The Global Justice Movement and Occupy : Ethics, Visions, and Networking Logics Chapter 2 describes the background of the GJM and the World Social Forum process. A brief overview is given of the organizational aspects and how the concept of network has been used in social movement studies to situate this study in relation to scholars writing on the GJM and the Occupy Movement. Criticism from the outside against the GJM is explored, but also coming from inside the movement. Ethical similarities and organizational differences between the GJM and the Occupy Movement are outlined and explore how activists in these two movements belong within the same broader discourse, focussing on a global economic élite. The chapter ends by relating activists in South Asia and Japan to the GJM and the Occupy Movement and demonstrates how activists in these regions have been marginalized in the movements and largely ignored in the scholarly writings. Keywords: Global Justice Movement, World Social Forum, South Asia, Japan, activist, transnationalism, network, Occupy Movement, Dalit, Burakumin Digital Rebellion: The Birth of the Cyber Left Todd Wolfson This book examines the impact of new media and communication technologies on the spatial, strategic, and organizational fabric of social movements. It begins with the rise of the Zapatistas in the ... More This book examines the impact of new media and communication technologies on the spatial, strategic, and organizational fabric of social movements. It begins with the rise of the Zapatistas in the mid-1990s, and how aspects of the movement—network organizational structure, participatory democratic governance, and the use of communication tools as a binding agent—became essential parts of Indymedia and all Cyber Left organizations. From there the book charts the media-based think tanks and experiments that continued the Cyber Left's evolution through the Independent Media Center's birth around the 1999 WTO protests in Seattle. After examining the historical antecedents and rise of the global Indymedia network, the book melds virtual and traditional ethnographic practice to explore the Cyber Left's cultural logic, mapping the social, spatial and communicative structure of the Indymedia network and detailing its operations on the local, national and global level. It also looks at the participatory democracy that governs global social movements and the ways the movement's twin ideologies, democracy and decentralization, have come into tension, and how what the book calls the switchboard of struggle conducts stories of shared struggle from the hyper-local and dispersed worldwide. As the book shows, understanding the intersection of Indymedia and the Global Social Justice Movement illuminates their foundational role in the Occupy struggle, Arab Spring uprising, and the other emergent movements that have in recent years re-energized radical politics.Less Digital Rebellion : The Birth of the Cyber Left This book examines the impact of new media and communication technologies on the spatial, strategic, and organizational fabric of social movements. It begins with the rise of the Zapatistas in the mid-1990s, and how aspects of the movement—network organizational structure, participatory democratic governance, and the use of communication tools as a binding agent—became essential parts of Indymedia and all Cyber Left organizations. From there the book charts the media-based think tanks and experiments that continued the Cyber Left's evolution through the Independent Media Center's birth around the 1999 WTO protests in Seattle. After examining the historical antecedents and rise of the global Indymedia network, the book melds virtual and traditional ethnographic practice to explore the Cyber Left's cultural logic, mapping the social, spatial and communicative structure of the Indymedia network and detailing its operations on the local, national and global level. It also looks at the participatory democracy that governs global social movements and the ways the movement's twin ideologies, democracy and decentralization, have come into tension, and how what the book calls the switchboard of struggle conducts stories of shared struggle from the hyper-local and dispersed worldwide. As the book shows, understanding the intersection of Indymedia and the Global Social Justice Movement illuminates their foundational role in the Occupy struggle, Arab Spring uprising, and the other emergent movements that have in recent years re-energized radical politics. Keywords: new media, new communication technology, social movements, Zapatista, Indymedia, participatory democracy, decentralization, Global Social Justice Movement History, Capitalism, and the Cyber Left This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to describe and analyze the logic that drives left-based social movements. The book maps the underlying logic of a new figure of ... More This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to describe and analyze the logic that drives left-based social movements. The book maps the underlying logic of a new figure of resistance—a new sociopolitical formation—as it has materialized across the world. It undertakes this mapping exercise through a historical and ethnographic analysis of the Global Social Justice Movement from 1994 to 2006, with a particular focus on the indymedia movement. It argues that historical and sociocultural patterns connect different periods of political protest. Specifically, it argues that the patterns of struggle in a particular period are best understood as developing, in an ideal sense, through a multilateral dialogue between social-movement actors and both the past and present. The chapter then introduces the term Cyber Left, suggesting that that we are on the cusp of a new stage in left-based social movements. This is followed by an overview of the two parts of the book.Less This introductory chapter first sets out the book's purpose, which is to describe and analyze the logic that drives left-based social movements. The book maps the underlying logic of a new figure of resistance—a new sociopolitical formation—as it has materialized across the world. It undertakes this mapping exercise through a historical and ethnographic analysis of the Global Social Justice Movement from 1994 to 2006, with a particular focus on the indymedia movement. It argues that historical and sociocultural patterns connect different periods of political protest. Specifically, it argues that the patterns of struggle in a particular period are best understood as developing, in an ideal sense, through a multilateral dialogue between social-movement actors and both the past and present. The chapter then introduces the term Cyber Left, suggesting that that we are on the cusp of a new stage in left-based social movements. This is followed by an overview of the two parts of the book. Keywords: Global Social Justice Movement, indymedia movement, sociopolitical formation, resistance, activism, left social movement, ethnographic analysis South Asian Dalit Feminism: The Intricate Local Practices of Transnational Networking Chapter 6 discusses theories about transnational feminism in South Asia generally, but more specifically it gives an overview of the history of Dalit feminism in India. The central importance of the ... More Chapter 6 discusses theories about transnational feminism in South Asia generally, but more specifically it gives an overview of the history of Dalit feminism in India. The central importance of the Mumbai World Social Forum in 2004 is dealt with at length to highlight how Dalit feminists put feminism more generally at the core of the World Social Forum process. This is the chapter where the main ethnography about the local day-to-day work in between World Social Forums among activists and (I)NGO workers is to be found. It takes as its focal point the broader transnational network International Movement against All Forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR) and presents three local ethnographies from within this network: first, ethnography from the Feminist Dalit Organization (FEDO) in Kathmandu, Nepal; second, from the office of IMADR–Asia Committee, in Colombo, Sri Lanka; and third, from among Burakumin networks in Osaka, Japan.Less South Asian Dalit Feminism : The Intricate Local Practices of Transnational Networking Chapter 6 discusses theories about transnational feminism in South Asia generally, but more specifically it gives an overview of the history of Dalit feminism in India. The central importance of the Mumbai World Social Forum in 2004 is dealt with at length to highlight how Dalit feminists put feminism more generally at the core of the World Social Forum process. This is the chapter where the main ethnography about the local day-to-day work in between World Social Forums among activists and (I)NGO workers is to be found. It takes as its focal point the broader transnational network International Movement against All Forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR) and presents three local ethnographies from within this network: first, ethnography from the Feminist Dalit Organization (FEDO) in Kathmandu, Nepal; second, from the office of IMADR–Asia Committee, in Colombo, Sri Lanka; and third, from among Burakumin networks in Osaka, Japan. Keywords: Dalit feminism, Burakumin, World Social Forum, Global Justice Movement, South Asia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Japan, IMADR, FEDO, (I)NGO	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5651
__label__wiki	0.67686	0.67686	Keywords: roads x American University in Cairo Press (2) British Academy (4) Edinburgh University Press (47) Fordham University Press (4) Hong Kong University Press (9) Liverpool University Press (11) Manchester University Press (22) NYU Press (4) Oxford University Press (217) Policy Press (16) University Press of Kentucky (25) University Press of Mississippi (16) University of Hawai'i Press (20) University of Minnesota Press (6) University of North Carolina Press (36) American and Canadian Cultural Anthropology (1) Medical Anthropology (1) Social and Cultural Anthropology (3) Greek and Roman Archaeology (2) Contemporary and Public Archaeology (1) European Archaeology (1) Landscape Archaeology (1) Open Section Architecture (1) Architectural History (1) Open Section Art (1) Visual Culture (1) Open Section Biology (8) Biodiversity / Conservation Biology (3) Open Section Classical Studies (14) Archaeology: Classical (4) History of Art: pre-history, BCE to 500CE, ancient and classical, Byzantine (2) Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE (6) European History: BCE to 500CE (3) Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval (2) Poetry and Poets: Classical, Early, and Medieval (1) World History: BCE to 500CE (1) Open Section Earth Sciences and Geography (11) Cultural and Historical Geography (1) Geology and the Lithosphere (1) Historical Geology (1) Regional Geography (1) Open Section Economics and Finance (36) South and East Asia (4) Development, Growth, and Environmental (17) Macro- and Monetary Economics (3) Conservation of the Environment (1) Open Section Film, Television and Radio (42) Open Section History (171) African History (1) American History: Civil War (20) American History: early to 18th Century (2) American History: 19th Century (7) American History: 20th Century (14) Ancient History / Archaeology (4) British and Irish Early Modern History (1) British and Irish Medieval History (4) British and Irish Modern History (14) European Early Modern History (7) European Modern History (4) Imperialism and Colonialism (1) Indian History (14) History of Science, Technology, and Medicine (12) World Modern History (2) Open Section Law (12) Company and Commercial Law (1) Criminal Law and Criminology (1) EU Law (2) Law of Obligations (2) Open Section Literature (57) American, 20th Century Literature (6) Comics Studies (1) 20th-century and Contemporary Literature (15) Criticism/Theory (9) 18th-century Literature (1) European Literature (2) Film, Media, and Cultural Studies (7) Early and Medieval Literature (1) 16th-century and Renaissance Literature (10) 19th-century and Victorian Literature (1) Open Section Business and Management (22) Business History (2) Corporate Governance and Accountability (4) HRM / IR (2) International Business (1) Open Section Mathematics (3) Educational Mathematics (1) History of Mathematics (1) Open Section Music (13) History, Western (1) Psychology of Music (1) Ethnomusicology, World Music (2) History, American (7) Performing Practice/Studies (1) Open Section Palliative Care (1) Patient Care and End-of-Life Decision Making (1) Palliative Medicine Research (1) History of Philosophy (2) Metaphysics/Epistemology (1) Philosophy of Mind (1) Open Section Physics (6) Condensed Matter Physics / Materials (3) Particle Physics / Astrophysics / Cosmology (1) Soft Matter / Biological Physics (1) Theoretical, Computational, and Statistical Physics (2) Asian Politics (1) Comparative Politics (10) Conflict Politics and Policy (1) Indian Politics (1) International Relations and Politics (27) UK Politics (1) Open Section Psychology (1) Cognitive Neuroscience (1) Early Christian Studies (1) History of Christianity (2) Religion and Literature (1) Open Section Social Work (4) Open Section Society and Culture (23) Middle Eastern Studies (2) Pacific Studies (10) Scottish Studies (2) Open Section Sociology (25) Gender and Sexuality (1) Gerontology and Ageing (3) Health, Illness, and Medicine (1) Migration Studies (including Refugee Studies) (1) Occupations, Professions, and Work (4) Population and Demography (2) Race and Ethnicity (1) Social Research and Statistics (1) Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility (2) Urban and Rural Studies (6) Law, Crime and Deviance (2) Science, Technology and Environment (1) Page:1234567 ... 2627 Methodism at the Crossroads Gareth Lloyd in Charles Wesley and the Struggle for Methodist Identity Religion, Church History The year 1784 represents a landmark in Methodist history as John Wesley established the Conference as his successor and ordained preachers for the United States. These events, which established de ... More The year 1784 represents a landmark in Methodist history as John Wesley established the Conference as his successor and ordained preachers for the United States. These events, which established de facto Methodist institutional independence from the Church of England, were foreshadowed by developments during the 1770s and early 1780s as separatists and Church‐Methodists agitated in support of conflicting visions of the Methodist future. These conflicts and the events of 1784 illustrate several important but understated themes of early Methodist history, such as the political nature of the Wesley brothers, the strong support for the Church of England within the ranks of laity and preachers, and how 19th century Methodist scholarship sanitized and distorted the movement's early history.Less The year 1784 represents a landmark in Methodist history as John Wesley established the Conference as his successor and ordained preachers for the United States. These events, which established de facto Methodist institutional independence from the Church of England, were foreshadowed by developments during the 1770s and early 1780s as separatists and Church‐Methodists agitated in support of conflicting visions of the Methodist future. These conflicts and the events of 1784 illustrate several important but understated themes of early Methodist history, such as the political nature of the Wesley brothers, the strong support for the Church of England within the ranks of laity and preachers, and how 19th century Methodist scholarship sanitized and distorted the movement's early history. Keywords: Thomas Coke, Methodist Conference, Ordinations, United States, Mark Davis, Henry Durbin, William Pine, City Road Chapel, John Pawson, John Whitehead, Deed of Declaration “On a Cannibal Island”: Theater Terryl C. Givens in People of Paradox: A History of Mormon Culture Religion, Religion and Society Disapproval of theater goes back to the Puritans, and was typical in most religious traditions. Mormons built the Salt Lake Theatre soon after arrival in the Valley. Young forebad tragedy, but it ... More Disapproval of theater goes back to the Puritans, and was typical in most religious traditions. Mormons built the Salt Lake Theatre soon after arrival in the Valley. Young forebad tragedy, but it flourished anyway. They pioneered little theater and the road show. Several pageants continue to be more evangelistic than dramatic.Less “On a Cannibal Island” : Theater Disapproval of theater goes back to the Puritans, and was typical in most religious traditions. Mormons built the Salt Lake Theatre soon after arrival in the Valley. Young forebad tragedy, but it flourished anyway. They pioneered little theater and the road show. Several pageants continue to be more evangelistic than dramatic. Keywords: Puritans, Salt Lake Theatre, little theater, road show, pageants Nine Risk Regulation Regimes Compared Christopher Hood, Henry Rothstein, and Robert Baldwin in The Government of Risk: Understanding Risk Regulation Regimes Uses the analytic framework developed in Ch. 2 to compare nine different risk regulation regimes, bringing out their similarities and differences. Those risks include attacks by dangerous dogs ... More Uses the analytic framework developed in Ch. 2 to compare nine different risk regulation regimes, bringing out their similarities and differences. Those risks include attacks by dangerous dogs outside the home, exposure to radon at home and work, benzene in the air and in the workplace, paedophile offenders released from custody, local road safety, and exposure to pesticide residues in food and water. Analysis of those regimes provides empirical evidence that there are substantial differences between the regulation of different risks and even the same risks within different contexts. Those variations are not easily explained by historical ‘big picture’ theories, such as the risk society thesis. Instead, investigation of the revealed variations between regimes suggests a need for more systematic and nuanced explanations.Less Christopher HoodHenry RothsteinRobert Baldwin Uses the analytic framework developed in Ch. 2 to compare nine different risk regulation regimes, bringing out their similarities and differences. Those risks include attacks by dangerous dogs outside the home, exposure to radon at home and work, benzene in the air and in the workplace, paedophile offenders released from custody, local road safety, and exposure to pesticide residues in food and water. Analysis of those regimes provides empirical evidence that there are substantial differences between the regulation of different risks and even the same risks within different contexts. Those variations are not easily explained by historical ‘big picture’ theories, such as the risk society thesis. Instead, investigation of the revealed variations between regimes suggests a need for more systematic and nuanced explanations. Keywords: air pollution, dangerous dogs, paedophiles, pesticides, radon, risk regulation, risk society, road safety Transportation Infrastructure: Roads Brett M. Frischmann in Infrastructure: The Social Value of Shared Resources Law, Environmental and Energy Law This chapter illustrates many of the economic concepts discussed in previous chapters. First, road infrastructure exhibits the classic supply-side economic characteristics, which are commonly ... More This chapter illustrates many of the economic concepts discussed in previous chapters. First, road infrastructure exhibits the classic supply-side economic characteristics, which are commonly discussed in transportation, public welfare, and regulatory economics. The cost structure of supply and strong natural monopoly tendencies indicate that markets will fail to provide road infrastructure efficiently and that provision by either the government or a regulated monopolist will be necessary. In the United States, government provision dominates as the solution to this problem. Second, road infrastructure exhibit the demand-side economic characteristics explored in Chapters 4 and 5. Road infrastructure is mixed infrastructure that generate massive spillovers for society by enabling users to engage in an incredibly wide variety of productive activities that yield private, public, and social goods. The case for commons management is quite strong. Not surprisingly (given government provisioning), road infrastructure is managed openly as commons. Government provisioning alleviates supply-side objections to commons management, but two major concerns remain: congestion and the generation of substantial negative externalities from environmental pollution. The chapter shows how to address these significant concerns in nondiscriminatory ways that sustain the road infrastructure commons.Less Transportation Infrastructure : Roads This chapter illustrates many of the economic concepts discussed in previous chapters. First, road infrastructure exhibits the classic supply-side economic characteristics, which are commonly discussed in transportation, public welfare, and regulatory economics. The cost structure of supply and strong natural monopoly tendencies indicate that markets will fail to provide road infrastructure efficiently and that provision by either the government or a regulated monopolist will be necessary. In the United States, government provision dominates as the solution to this problem. Second, road infrastructure exhibit the demand-side economic characteristics explored in Chapters 4 and 5. Road infrastructure is mixed infrastructure that generate massive spillovers for society by enabling users to engage in an incredibly wide variety of productive activities that yield private, public, and social goods. The case for commons management is quite strong. Not surprisingly (given government provisioning), road infrastructure is managed openly as commons. Government provisioning alleviates supply-side objections to commons management, but two major concerns remain: congestion and the generation of substantial negative externalities from environmental pollution. The chapter shows how to address these significant concerns in nondiscriminatory ways that sustain the road infrastructure commons. Keywords: road infrastructure, supply-side economics, demand-side economics, commons management, mixed infrastructure, government provisioning, congestion, negative externalities, environmental pollution Stability: Bridges and the Road System After 1250 DAVID HARRISON in The Bridges of Medieval England: Transport and Society 400-1800 History, British and Irish Modern History After more than 500 years of change, when the major river crossings were bridged and a new road system established, there followed almost 500 years of stability. The stock of bridges changed little. ... More After more than 500 years of change, when the major river crossings were bridged and a new road system established, there followed almost 500 years of stability. The stock of bridges changed little. The dense pattern of bridges which existed in the 18th century would have been recognisable to Englishmen five centuries earlier. Similarly, the routes established by the time of the Gough Map survived almost unchanged. One of the principal characteristics of the English road system in this period is clear: travellers on major roads could be sure of dry and safe river crossings, provided that the bridges had been kept in repair. It is no exaggeration to say that where a national highway met a river there was invariably a bridge. On secondary roads, bridges were also the norm, except on the downstream sections of rivers, where ferries were common. On minor roads, while bridges across major rivers were unusual, there were numerous bridges over streams and small water courses, as well as countless fords and ferries.Less After more than 500 years of change, when the major river crossings were bridged and a new road system established, there followed almost 500 years of stability. The stock of bridges changed little. The dense pattern of bridges which existed in the 18th century would have been recognisable to Englishmen five centuries earlier. Similarly, the routes established by the time of the Gough Map survived almost unchanged. One of the principal characteristics of the English road system in this period is clear: travellers on major roads could be sure of dry and safe river crossings, provided that the bridges had been kept in repair. It is no exaggeration to say that where a national highway met a river there was invariably a bridge. On secondary roads, bridges were also the norm, except on the downstream sections of rivers, where ferries were common. On minor roads, while bridges across major rivers were unusual, there were numerous bridges over streams and small water courses, as well as countless fords and ferries. Keywords: travellers, bridges, road system, Gough Map, England, repair, national highways, secondary roads, minor roads High Development Follows Disasters in In the Shadow of Melting Glaciers: Climate Change and Andean Society History, Latin American History The Control Commission of Cordillera Blanca Lakes, which was established in 1951 to prevent glacial lake outburst floods caused by climate change and glacier retreat in the Andes, had far-reaching ... More The Control Commission of Cordillera Blanca Lakes, which was established in 1951 to prevent glacial lake outburst floods caused by climate change and glacier retreat in the Andes, had far-reaching effects on the economic development of Ancash and the Callejón de Huaylas. Engineers who examined glacial lakes brought development interests that had long inspired Peruvian policymakers and developers. They hoped to exploit Andean natural resources to promote national economic development and modernization. Glacial lake flood prevention programs provided a springboard for the expansion of hydroelectricity, road building, tourism, and wage labor. This process whereby disaster spurred economic development is referred to as "disaster economics," which the Lakes Commission carried out after 1951. Economic development directly and indirectly followed the science, technology, engineering, and policies implemented after catastrophes to prevent additional disasters, thereby revealing the social construction of science and engineering.Less The Control Commission of Cordillera Blanca Lakes, which was established in 1951 to prevent glacial lake outburst floods caused by climate change and glacier retreat in the Andes, had far-reaching effects on the economic development of Ancash and the Callejón de Huaylas. Engineers who examined glacial lakes brought development interests that had long inspired Peruvian policymakers and developers. They hoped to exploit Andean natural resources to promote national economic development and modernization. Glacial lake flood prevention programs provided a springboard for the expansion of hydroelectricity, road building, tourism, and wage labor. This process whereby disaster spurred economic development is referred to as "disaster economics," which the Lakes Commission carried out after 1951. Economic development directly and indirectly followed the science, technology, engineering, and policies implemented after catastrophes to prevent additional disasters, thereby revealing the social construction of science and engineering. Keywords: climate change, Cordillera Blanca, disaster economics, glacier retreat, Andes, tourism, hydroelectricity, road construction, labor Predicting, Providing, Sustaining, Integrating? British Transport Policy since 1945 Mike Anson and Gerald Crompton in Business in Britain in the Twentieth Century: Decline and Renaissance? Business and Management, Business History Since 1945 the United Kingdom has seen a tremendous increase in the movement of both people and goods, something that has been critical to the performance of the economy. This chapter examines the ... More Since 1945 the United Kingdom has seen a tremendous increase in the movement of both people and goods, something that has been critical to the performance of the economy. This chapter examines the key themes of transport policy during this period. It begins with the nationalisation of much of land transport, which promised much, but deteriorated amidst organizational uncertainty and was, in many ways, a missed opportunity for integration. Consideration is then given to the specific problems of the railways and the various efforts to produce a viable business, mainly by pruning the network and services. By contrast, the expansion of the road system and the growth in private road use, both passenger and freight, has been largely untrammelled. The effects of the privatization programme in the 1980s and 1990s have been severely felt in the public transport sector, most notably, of course, it the case of railways. None of the supposed benefits of railway privatization have been achieved, the public cost of supporting services has spiralled dramatically, and the appropriate organizational structure has been far from clear. Much of post-war transport policy has been concerned far less with co-ordination, and more with the mainly incoherent efforts to predict and provide for growth. While increasing awareness of environmental issues and sustainability may well stimulate some improvements in this direction, the conclusion is not optimistic that, based on past experience, there is much hope for a sustainable and integrated future for transport.Less Mike AnsonGerald Crompton Since 1945 the United Kingdom has seen a tremendous increase in the movement of both people and goods, something that has been critical to the performance of the economy. This chapter examines the key themes of transport policy during this period. It begins with the nationalisation of much of land transport, which promised much, but deteriorated amidst organizational uncertainty and was, in many ways, a missed opportunity for integration. Consideration is then given to the specific problems of the railways and the various efforts to produce a viable business, mainly by pruning the network and services. By contrast, the expansion of the road system and the growth in private road use, both passenger and freight, has been largely untrammelled. The effects of the privatization programme in the 1980s and 1990s have been severely felt in the public transport sector, most notably, of course, it the case of railways. None of the supposed benefits of railway privatization have been achieved, the public cost of supporting services has spiralled dramatically, and the appropriate organizational structure has been far from clear. Much of post-war transport policy has been concerned far less with co-ordination, and more with the mainly incoherent efforts to predict and provide for growth. While increasing awareness of environmental issues and sustainability may well stimulate some improvements in this direction, the conclusion is not optimistic that, based on past experience, there is much hope for a sustainable and integrated future for transport. Keywords: transport, transport policy, railways, roads, nationalization, privatization Cultural Interaction between China and Central Asia during the Bronze Age: Elsley Zeitlyn Lecture on Chinese Archaeology and Culture Jianjun Mei in Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 121, 2002 Lectures British Academy 10.5871/bacad/9780197263037.003.0001 This lecture discusses some preliminary observations on the early cultural relationship between China and Central Asia in the light of the most recent archaeological discoveries from Northwest China. ... More This lecture discusses some preliminary observations on the early cultural relationship between China and Central Asia in the light of the most recent archaeological discoveries from Northwest China. It considers three main issues: the role of outside influences in the beginnings and early development of bronze metallurgy in China, the shift to the ‘Steppe Road’, and the two-way traffic of cultural influence along the prehistoric ‘Silk Road’. The lecture also tries to show that early cultural interaction between China and Central Asia was the crucial drive for the growth of civilisations in both regions.Less Cultural Interaction between China and Central Asia during the Bronze Age : Elsley Zeitlyn Lecture on Chinese Archaeology and Culture This lecture discusses some preliminary observations on the early cultural relationship between China and Central Asia in the light of the most recent archaeological discoveries from Northwest China. It considers three main issues: the role of outside influences in the beginnings and early development of bronze metallurgy in China, the shift to the ‘Steppe Road’, and the two-way traffic of cultural influence along the prehistoric ‘Silk Road’. The lecture also tries to show that early cultural interaction between China and Central Asia was the crucial drive for the growth of civilisations in both regions. Keywords: China, Central Asia, archaeological discoveries, outside influences, bronze metallurgy, cultural influence, Steppe Road, Silk Road, cultural interaction, growth of civilisations The Music Road: Coherence and Diversity in Music from the Mediterranean to India Reinhard Strohm (ed.) Music, Ethnomusicology, World Music The book, derived from the Balzan musicology project ‘Towards a global history of music’, describes cultural traditions and communication patterns of music, dance and theatre in the world region ... More The book, derived from the Balzan musicology project ‘Towards a global history of music’, describes cultural traditions and communication patterns of music, dance and theatre in the world region between India and the Mediterranean in the last 2000 years. The new metaphor of the ‘Music Road’—the western half of the ‘Silk Road’—refers to the travels of musical songs, instruments and ideas across both space and time. The book has an introduction and 16 chapters, each by a different author. Highlighted are the following cultural traditions: ancient Gandhāra (first centuries ce); traditions of the Alexander legend; the musical philosophy and practice of Muslim societies; colonial India and the West; Greek music and nationalism (19th–20th centuries); travelling music-theatre companies in the Eastern Mediterranean; the ‘Gypsy rhapsody’ in European art music. The keynote chapter by Martin Stokes reviews the work of Villoteau and Lachmann, advocating a fusion of historical thought and ethnomusicology. The book offers case studies not only on music per se, but also on fine art, dance, musical theatre, on the theology, philosophy, historiography and literature of music, and on East–West relations in the musical practice of colonial and modern times. It is argued in the introduction and implied elsewhere that the musical culture of this world region, and its interactions with the West, have always been on the move, that its diversities and disruptions are counterbalanced by numerous internal and external linkages, and that the reifying term of ‘orientalism’ might be replaced by ‘the East–West imagination’.Less The Music Road : Coherence and Diversity in Music from the Mediterranean to India The book, derived from the Balzan musicology project ‘Towards a global history of music’, describes cultural traditions and communication patterns of music, dance and theatre in the world region between India and the Mediterranean in the last 2000 years. The new metaphor of the ‘Music Road’—the western half of the ‘Silk Road’—refers to the travels of musical songs, instruments and ideas across both space and time. The book has an introduction and 16 chapters, each by a different author. Highlighted are the following cultural traditions: ancient Gandhāra (first centuries ce); traditions of the Alexander legend; the musical philosophy and practice of Muslim societies; colonial India and the West; Greek music and nationalism (19th–20th centuries); travelling music-theatre companies in the Eastern Mediterranean; the ‘Gypsy rhapsody’ in European art music. The keynote chapter by Martin Stokes reviews the work of Villoteau and Lachmann, advocating a fusion of historical thought and ethnomusicology. The book offers case studies not only on music per se, but also on fine art, dance, musical theatre, on the theology, philosophy, historiography and literature of music, and on East–West relations in the musical practice of colonial and modern times. It is argued in the introduction and implied elsewhere that the musical culture of this world region, and its interactions with the West, have always been on the move, that its diversities and disruptions are counterbalanced by numerous internal and external linkages, and that the reifying term of ‘orientalism’ might be replaced by ‘the East–West imagination’. Keywords: ethnomusicology, silk road, music philosophy, historiography, iconography, westernisation, music performance, Balzan musicology project, global music history Road User and Congestion Charges David Michael Newbery in Theory and Practice of Excise Taxation: Smoking, Drinking, Gambling, Polluting, and Driving Economics and Finance, Financial Economics Designing an efficient set of road user taxes and charges involves charging for scarce road space, setting corrective taxes for environmental externalities, and possibly employing additional taxes to ... More Designing an efficient set of road user taxes and charges involves charging for scarce road space, setting corrective taxes for environmental externalities, and possibly employing additional taxes to improve the overall efficiency and equity of the tax system. As illustrated with data from the UK, congestion costs comprise the largest part of the efficient road user charge, with road damage costs and externalities a relatively small part. The best approach to internalising congestion costs is a cordon toll, although its efficient design turns out to be very complex. Road fuel taxes should probably be set at a level that accounts for the average long-run marginal cost of inter-urban roads for typical cars, with the vehicle excise duty set to adjust total payments by type of vehicle. Furthermore, the external cost of emissions of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, and particulates can be reduced through tailpipe emission standards as well as met by differentially higher excises on, say, leaded than on unleaded petrol. An ad valorem tax on the component of car insurance that covers accident costs would internalise accident externalities. The study calculates the pure road charge and green tax elements in the UK at 0.60 euros/litre for petrol and 0.67 euros for diesel. If this applied generally across the EU, the Netherlands and Germany would be charging petrol at about the right rate and only the UK would be overcharging it. All countries except the UK are probably undercharging diesel. Overall, a strong argument can be made for revenue-neutral adjustments in total revenue from road use to improve efficiency by shifting over to better-targeted congestion taxes, such as cordon tolls and road pricing.Less Designing an efficient set of road user taxes and charges involves charging for scarce road space, setting corrective taxes for environmental externalities, and possibly employing additional taxes to improve the overall efficiency and equity of the tax system. As illustrated with data from the UK, congestion costs comprise the largest part of the efficient road user charge, with road damage costs and externalities a relatively small part. The best approach to internalising congestion costs is a cordon toll, although its efficient design turns out to be very complex. Road fuel taxes should probably be set at a level that accounts for the average long-run marginal cost of inter-urban roads for typical cars, with the vehicle excise duty set to adjust total payments by type of vehicle. Furthermore, the external cost of emissions of greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxides, and particulates can be reduced through tailpipe emission standards as well as met by differentially higher excises on, say, leaded than on unleaded petrol. An ad valorem tax on the component of car insurance that covers accident costs would internalise accident externalities. The study calculates the pure road charge and green tax elements in the UK at 0.60 euros/litre for petrol and 0.67 euros for diesel. If this applied generally across the EU, the Netherlands and Germany would be charging petrol at about the right rate and only the UK would be overcharging it. All countries except the UK are probably undercharging diesel. Overall, a strong argument can be made for revenue-neutral adjustments in total revenue from road use to improve efficiency by shifting over to better-targeted congestion taxes, such as cordon tolls and road pricing. Keywords: accident costs, congestions costs, cordon toll, diesel fuel excise, European Union, motor vehicle emissions, motor fuel tax, motor vehicle tax, road damage cost, road pricing Beyond the Ballroom Jeffrey Magee in The Uncrowned King of Swing: Fletcher Henderson and Big Band Jazz Music, Popular Although famous for its performances at the Roseland Ballroom and on recordings, Fletcher Henderson's band spent a good deal of time playing in other kinds of venues, such as theaters and on the ... More Although famous for its performances at the Roseland Ballroom and on recordings, Fletcher Henderson's band spent a good deal of time playing in other kinds of venues, such as theaters and on the road. Henderson's band was noted for driving cars, instead of riding buses, on its far-flung road trips, and black musicians in cars — sometimes expensive ones — drew attention, and ran into trouble and danger on the road. Meanwhile, a paradigm shift in the music business revealed Henderson's approach of arranging tours as out of step with the new model of agency represented by Duke Ellington's manager, Irving Mills. These experiences shaped the band's music making. Recordings such as “Hop Off” and “King Porter Stomp” show how the band took stock arrangements and streamlined them into solo-riff pieces that were notably suited to a band on the move.Less Although famous for its performances at the Roseland Ballroom and on recordings, Fletcher Henderson's band spent a good deal of time playing in other kinds of venues, such as theaters and on the road. Henderson's band was noted for driving cars, instead of riding buses, on its far-flung road trips, and black musicians in cars — sometimes expensive ones — drew attention, and ran into trouble and danger on the road. Meanwhile, a paradigm shift in the music business revealed Henderson's approach of arranging tours as out of step with the new model of agency represented by Duke Ellington's manager, Irving Mills. These experiences shaped the band's music making. Recordings such as “Hop Off” and “King Porter Stomp” show how the band took stock arrangements and streamlined them into solo-riff pieces that were notably suited to a band on the move. Keywords: theaters, road trips, music business, Irving Mills, arrangements, riff, Hop Off, King Porter Stomp Geocultural Power: China's Quest to Revive the Silk Roads for the Twenty-First Century Tim Winter History, Asian History China’s Belt and Road Initiative aims to connect continents and integrate Eurasia via a multitude of collaborations spanning trade and infrastructure, culture and finance. Launched in 2013, it ... More China’s Belt and Road Initiative aims to connect continents and integrate Eurasia via a multitude of collaborations spanning trade and infrastructure, culture and finance. Launched in 2013, it incorporates more than sixty countries and two-thirds of the world’s population. But what does it mean to revive the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century? Built around the concept of heritage diplomacy, Geocultural Power explores this question, arguing that through the Silk Roads China is reviving a theater of geopolitics and great power accumulation, and the idea of a harmonious Asia that prospers from international trade and cross-cultural dialogue. Until now Belt and Road has been discussed as a geopolitical and geoeconomic project. This book introduces geocultural power to the analysis of international affairs. Through the Silk Roads of the twenty-first century China becomes the new author of Eurasian history, and the architect of the bridge between East and West. Belt and Road bundles geopolitical ambition and infrastructure with a carefully curated shared heritage to produce a grand narrative of transcontinental connectivity: past, present and future. Geocultural Power: China’s Quest to Revive the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century makes a major contribution to our understanding of the uses of history and culture, and offers a unique reading of an initiative that will influence world affairs for years to come. It will be of interest to those working in world and regional history, international relations and diplomacy studies, heritage and museum studies, globalization, archaeology and Asian studies more broadly.Less Geocultural Power : China's Quest to Revive the Silk Roads for the Twenty-First Century China’s Belt and Road Initiative aims to connect continents and integrate Eurasia via a multitude of collaborations spanning trade and infrastructure, culture and finance. Launched in 2013, it incorporates more than sixty countries and two-thirds of the world’s population. But what does it mean to revive the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century? Built around the concept of heritage diplomacy, Geocultural Power explores this question, arguing that through the Silk Roads China is reviving a theater of geopolitics and great power accumulation, and the idea of a harmonious Asia that prospers from international trade and cross-cultural dialogue. Until now Belt and Road has been discussed as a geopolitical and geoeconomic project. This book introduces geocultural power to the analysis of international affairs. Through the Silk Roads of the twenty-first century China becomes the new author of Eurasian history, and the architect of the bridge between East and West. Belt and Road bundles geopolitical ambition and infrastructure with a carefully curated shared heritage to produce a grand narrative of transcontinental connectivity: past, present and future. Geocultural Power: China’s Quest to Revive the Silk Roads for the twenty-first century makes a major contribution to our understanding of the uses of history and culture, and offers a unique reading of an initiative that will influence world affairs for years to come. It will be of interest to those working in world and regional history, international relations and diplomacy studies, heritage and museum studies, globalization, archaeology and Asian studies more broadly. Keywords: Belt and Road, Silk Road, Heritage, Diplomacy, China, Geocultural Power Geopolitics States, Roads, War, and the Organization of Space Jean Meyer in War and Competition between States History, Military History This chapter examines the condition of roads, armies, and the organization of space in European states during the period from the 13th to the 18th centuries. During this period, the state was the ... More This chapter examines the condition of roads, armies, and the organization of space in European states during the period from the 13th to the 18th centuries. During this period, the state was the instigator, instrument, and servant of the sciences of distance. It supplied the finances and materials, and directed research as servant-master. This chapter explores the improvements in communication, fortification and frontiers, and the control of the state interior.Less This chapter examines the condition of roads, armies, and the organization of space in European states during the period from the 13th to the 18th centuries. During this period, the state was the instigator, instrument, and servant of the sciences of distance. It supplied the finances and materials, and directed research as servant-master. This chapter explores the improvements in communication, fortification and frontiers, and the control of the state interior. Keywords: Europe, roads, armies, frontiers, communication, fortification Agonistic Misotheism I: Faith, Doubt, and Zora Neale Hurston’s Resistance to God Bernard Schweizer in Hating God: The Untold Story of Misotheism Religion, Philosophy of Religion Contrasting Swinburne’s carefree misotheistic candor, Zora Neal Hurston remained cryptic about her conflicted relationship with God. Partly because she was black and female, readers tend to overlook ... More Contrasting Swinburne’s carefree misotheistic candor, Zora Neal Hurston remained cryptic about her conflicted relationship with God. Partly because she was black and female, readers tend to overlook indications of misotheism, even when they seem plain. Few, if any, critics have taken the words “all gods who receive homage are cruel. All gods dispense suffering without reason” in Their Eyes Were Watching God as potentially targeting Yahweh as well as any other gods. Instead, critics have either ignored such passages in her work or tried to explain them away. This chapter offers fresh readings of Hurston’s acclaimed works, and it draws on private writings, letters, and memoirs to fill in the picture of Hurston’s latent misotheism. Finally, the author reveals a surprising web of concealed references to writers ranging from Epicurus to Proudhon and Nietzsche, to bolster his claim that Hurston was indeed as hostile to God as the thinkers who influenced her.Less Agonistic Misotheism I : Faith, Doubt, and Zora Neale Hurston’s Resistance to God Contrasting Swinburne’s carefree misotheistic candor, Zora Neal Hurston remained cryptic about her conflicted relationship with God. Partly because she was black and female, readers tend to overlook indications of misotheism, even when they seem plain. Few, if any, critics have taken the words “all gods who receive homage are cruel. All gods dispense suffering without reason” in Their Eyes Were Watching God as potentially targeting Yahweh as well as any other gods. Instead, critics have either ignored such passages in her work or tried to explain them away. This chapter offers fresh readings of Hurston’s acclaimed works, and it draws on private writings, letters, and memoirs to fill in the picture of Hurston’s latent misotheism. Finally, the author reveals a surprising web of concealed references to writers ranging from Epicurus to Proudhon and Nietzsche, to bolster his claim that Hurston was indeed as hostile to God as the thinkers who influenced her. Keywords: agonistic misotheism, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Jonah’s Gourd Vine, Moses Man of the Mountain, Dust Tracks on the Road, Nietzsche, Epicurus, Anarchism, Deism, Zora Neal Hurston Introduction: roads and writing Valerie Allen and Ruth Evans in Roadworks: Medieval Britain, medieval roads Literature, 16th-century and Renaissance Literature This chapter opens with a consideration of Jacques Derrida’s intersection of the histories of roads and writing as forms of inscription (tracks, traces, or paths, on the landscape and on the page). ... More This chapter opens with a consideration of Jacques Derrida’s intersection of the histories of roads and writing as forms of inscription (tracks, traces, or paths, on the landscape and on the page). These shared cultural histories of roads and writing suggest new ways of conceptualizing the study of the medieval road as material object and as difference: just as the road is the imposition of form on matter, so is writing the imposition of form on nature. In the next section, discussion moves to the question of road nomenclature in medieval Britain. Where ‘road’ serves well enough to denote the universal set of modern commuter routes, medieval terminology is more particularized, more in tune with the contours of the material environment. Some caution is thus necessary in treating medieval roads as a ‘system’. The chapter then argues for a consideration of the medieval road less as a physical entity than as a right of passage: as function rather than physical structure. We then turn to consider how the legacy of Roman roads in medieval Britain and the powerful fiction of the king’s four roads served the social imaginary both in law and literature. In the last section, we offer summaries of the individual book chapters of the volume.Less Introduction : roads and writing Valerie AllenRuth Evans This chapter opens with a consideration of Jacques Derrida’s intersection of the histories of roads and writing as forms of inscription (tracks, traces, or paths, on the landscape and on the page). These shared cultural histories of roads and writing suggest new ways of conceptualizing the study of the medieval road as material object and as difference: just as the road is the imposition of form on matter, so is writing the imposition of form on nature. In the next section, discussion moves to the question of road nomenclature in medieval Britain. Where ‘road’ serves well enough to denote the universal set of modern commuter routes, medieval terminology is more particularized, more in tune with the contours of the material environment. Some caution is thus necessary in treating medieval roads as a ‘system’. The chapter then argues for a consideration of the medieval road less as a physical entity than as a right of passage: as function rather than physical structure. We then turn to consider how the legacy of Roman roads in medieval Britain and the powerful fiction of the king’s four roads served the social imaginary both in law and literature. In the last section, we offer summaries of the individual book chapters of the volume. Keywords: medieval roads, writing, difference, nomenclature, road system, street, right of passage, Roman roads, the king’s four roads, national history Ephesus in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Period: Changes in its Urban Character from the Third to the Seventh Century ad S. LADSTÄTTER and A. PÜLZ in The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical The third century marked a profound change in the urban landscape of Ephesus and proved to exert a profound influence on the city's later development. There is conclusive evidence for catastrophic ... More The third century marked a profound change in the urban landscape of Ephesus and proved to exert a profound influence on the city's later development. There is conclusive evidence for catastrophic disasters when the city was afflicted by a series of earthquakes which led to a temporary downturn in its economic circumstances. These destructive earthquakes not only had long-term consequences for the city's appearance, but also affected the very foundations of urbanism. This chapter traces the history of Metropolis Asiae after the earthquakes of the third and fourth centuries. The archaeological evidence proves that rebuilding took place and within public areas, such as agorae or buildings along the roads and included fountains and baths. The work was not limited only to the reconstruction of buildings but efforts were made to restore the splendid appearance of the city, reflecting the restoration of its high urban status and commercial importance. This chapter also describes the city's numerous churches that graphically attest to the growing importance of Christianity as the state religion.Less S. LADSTÄTTERA. PÜLZ The third century marked a profound change in the urban landscape of Ephesus and proved to exert a profound influence on the city's later development. There is conclusive evidence for catastrophic disasters when the city was afflicted by a series of earthquakes which led to a temporary downturn in its economic circumstances. These destructive earthquakes not only had long-term consequences for the city's appearance, but also affected the very foundations of urbanism. This chapter traces the history of Metropolis Asiae after the earthquakes of the third and fourth centuries. The archaeological evidence proves that rebuilding took place and within public areas, such as agorae or buildings along the roads and included fountains and baths. The work was not limited only to the reconstruction of buildings but efforts were made to restore the splendid appearance of the city, reflecting the restoration of its high urban status and commercial importance. This chapter also describes the city's numerous churches that graphically attest to the growing importance of Christianity as the state religion. Keywords: Ephesus, urbanism, earthquakes, agorae, buildings, roads, reconstruction, restoration, churches, Christianity State Concept and Body Image Paul U. Unschuld in What Is Medicine?: Western and Eastern Approaches to Healing 10.1525/california/9780520257658.003.0017 Anthropology, Medical Anthropology The ruler of Qin conquered his opponents in the year 221 bc and was able to rule over a unified China and called himself the “First Emperor of Qin.” He was able to create an integrated whole out of ... More The ruler of Qin conquered his opponents in the year 221 bc and was able to rule over a unified China and called himself the “First Emperor of Qin.” He was able to create an integrated whole out of states that for the most part had been culturally and economically independent. He ordered a common script, common track width (on roads), and common weights and measures, thereby laying the foundation for a lasting exchange of goods and people in his kingdom that was necessary to support the huge new cities in distant parts of the country. The new state organism offered China an experience of being an organism consisting of several units, where each unit contributed to the well-being of the whole. For some philosophers of the time, the effect of this new economic and social organism on their worldview was so profound that they could not avoid internalizing the model as a whole, extending it even to their understanding of the body. The body organism in the new medicine was nothing but the state organism transferred onto the body.Less The ruler of Qin conquered his opponents in the year 221 bc and was able to rule over a unified China and called himself the “First Emperor of Qin.” He was able to create an integrated whole out of states that for the most part had been culturally and economically independent. He ordered a common script, common track width (on roads), and common weights and measures, thereby laying the foundation for a lasting exchange of goods and people in his kingdom that was necessary to support the huge new cities in distant parts of the country. The new state organism offered China an experience of being an organism consisting of several units, where each unit contributed to the well-being of the whole. For some philosophers of the time, the effect of this new economic and social organism on their worldview was so profound that they could not avoid internalizing the model as a whole, extending it even to their understanding of the body. The body organism in the new medicine was nothing but the state organism transferred onto the body. Keywords: First Emperor of Qin, new cities, bureaucracy, new state organism, network of roads, social organism, economic organism The Bridges of Medieval England: Transport and Society 400-1800 Medieval bridges are remarkable achievements of design and engineering comparable with the great cathedrals of the period, and are also proof of the great importance of road transport in the middle ... More Medieval bridges are remarkable achievements of design and engineering comparable with the great cathedrals of the period, and are also proof of the great importance of road transport in the middle ages, and of the size and sophistication of the medieval economy. This book rewrites their history from early Anglo-Saxon England right up to the Industrial Revolution, providing insights into many aspects of the subject. Looking at the role of bridges in the creation of a new road system, which was significantly different from its Roman predecessor and which largely survived until the 20th century, the book examines their design. Often built in the most difficult circumstances — broad flood plains, deep tidal waters, and steep upland valleys — these bridges withstood all but the most catastrophic floods. The book also investigates the immense efforts put into their construction and upkeep, ranging from the mobilisation of large work forces by the old English state to the role of resident hermits and the charitable donations which produced bridge trusts with huge incomes. The evidence presented in this book shows that the network of bridges, which had been in place since the 13th century, was capable of serving the needs of the economy on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. This has profound implications for our understanding of pre-industrial society, challenging accepted accounts of the development of medieval trade and communications, and bringing to the fore the continuities from the late Anglo-Saxon period to the 18th century.Less The Bridges of Medieval England : Transport and Society 400-1800 Medieval bridges are remarkable achievements of design and engineering comparable with the great cathedrals of the period, and are also proof of the great importance of road transport in the middle ages, and of the size and sophistication of the medieval economy. This book rewrites their history from early Anglo-Saxon England right up to the Industrial Revolution, providing insights into many aspects of the subject. Looking at the role of bridges in the creation of a new road system, which was significantly different from its Roman predecessor and which largely survived until the 20th century, the book examines their design. Often built in the most difficult circumstances — broad flood plains, deep tidal waters, and steep upland valleys — these bridges withstood all but the most catastrophic floods. The book also investigates the immense efforts put into their construction and upkeep, ranging from the mobilisation of large work forces by the old English state to the role of resident hermits and the charitable donations which produced bridge trusts with huge incomes. The evidence presented in this book shows that the network of bridges, which had been in place since the 13th century, was capable of serving the needs of the economy on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. This has profound implications for our understanding of pre-industrial society, challenging accepted accounts of the development of medieval trade and communications, and bringing to the fore the continuities from the late Anglo-Saxon period to the 18th century. Keywords: medieval period, bridges, road transport, Industrial Revolution, design and construction, trade, England, pre-industrial society Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route Steven Sidebotham Classical Studies, Asian and Middle Eastern History: BCE to 500CE The legendary overland silk road was not the only way to reach Asia for ancient travelers from the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire's heyday, equally important maritime routes reached from the ... More The legendary overland silk road was not the only way to reach Asia for ancient travelers from the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire's heyday, equally important maritime routes reached from the Egyptian Red Sea across the Indian Ocean. The ancient city of Berenike, located approximately 500 miles south of today's Suez Canal, was a significant port among these conduits. This book, written by the archaeologist who excavated Berenike, uncovers the role the city played in the regional, local, and “global” economies during the eight centuries of its existence. The book analyzes many of the artifacts, botanical and faunal remains, and hundreds of the texts the author and his team found in excavations, providing a profoundly intimate glimpse of the people who lived, worked, and died in this emporium between the classical Mediterranean world and Asia.Less The legendary overland silk road was not the only way to reach Asia for ancient travelers from the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire's heyday, equally important maritime routes reached from the Egyptian Red Sea across the Indian Ocean. The ancient city of Berenike, located approximately 500 miles south of today's Suez Canal, was a significant port among these conduits. This book, written by the archaeologist who excavated Berenike, uncovers the role the city played in the regional, local, and “global” economies during the eight centuries of its existence. The book analyzes many of the artifacts, botanical and faunal remains, and hundreds of the texts the author and his team found in excavations, providing a profoundly intimate glimpse of the people who lived, worked, and died in this emporium between the classical Mediterranean world and Asia. Keywords: overland silk road, Asia, Mediterranean, Roman Empire, maritime routes, Egyptian Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Berenike, global economies Conclusions: Bridges, Transport, and Pre-industrial Society This book has traced the history of bridges and other river crossings in England over the last 2,000 years. It began with the impressive programme of construction undertaken by the Romans. The ... More This book has traced the history of bridges and other river crossings in England over the last 2,000 years. It began with the impressive programme of construction undertaken by the Romans. The remnants of a few of their finest structures can still be seen. The history of bridges has very important implications for our understanding of transport and, more generally, of society in pre-industrial England. It provided insights into many subjects: the road system, the amount of traffic using it, the extent of internal trade, the development of the economy, and even the nature of the state. It has also highlighted the problems caused by historians' specialisation in relatively narrow periods, giving insights on how to overcome the drawback that most works on road transport and internal trade in pre-industrial England have encountered.Less This book has traced the history of bridges and other river crossings in England over the last 2,000 years. It began with the impressive programme of construction undertaken by the Romans. The remnants of a few of their finest structures can still be seen. The history of bridges has very important implications for our understanding of transport and, more generally, of society in pre-industrial England. It provided insights into many subjects: the road system, the amount of traffic using it, the extent of internal trade, the development of the economy, and even the nature of the state. It has also highlighted the problems caused by historians' specialisation in relatively narrow periods, giving insights on how to overcome the drawback that most works on road transport and internal trade in pre-industrial England have encountered. Keywords: bridges, Romans, construction, traffic, maintenance and repair, road transport, pre-industrial England, trade	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5652
__label__wiki	0.94721	0.94721	Washington Redskins To Retire The Late Bobby Mitchell's Jersey Washington Football Team Public Relations LOUDOUN COUNTY, Va. – The Washington Redskins announced today they will be retiring the jersey of the late Bobby Mitchell, number 49. This will mark only the second time in the team's 88 year history a jersey number will officially be retired. The team also announced they are renaming the lower level of FedExField in honor of Mitchell. "There is no one more deserving of these honors than the late Bobby Mitchell. Bobby was one of the most influential players not only in our team's history, but in the National Football League. He excelled on the field, in the front office and most importantly in his community where he had a tremendous impact on the lives of so many through his charitable efforts. He was one of the greatest men I have ever known," said Washington Redskins Owner Dan Snyder. "Bobby would have been thrilled and humbled by this wonderful recognition. We were married for 64 years and while he worked hard and traveled throughout his life and was a dedicated football professional, he was also a totally dedicated family man. He was blessed by God with a large extended family and great friends. He was totally engaged in his work and his family and was a truly great man and a great husband. I would like to thank Dan Snyder and the entire Washington Redskins organization for this great honor," said Gwen Mitchell, wife of Bobby Mitchell. "This honor would have meant the world to him. He would have been thrilled, appreciative and humbled. He felt that the retiring of a jersey is the ultimate recognition of an athlete. My father was a great family man who would have embraced this well-deserved recognition of his many accomplishments," said Terri Mitchell, daughter of Bobby Mitchell. "He would have a look of shock on his face, just like he had when I told him he'd been selected to the same Professional Football Hall of Fame," said Robert Mitchell, son of Bobby Mitchell. "Bobby was our Jackie Robinson. He had to handle the pressure of being the first African American football player to integrate the Washington Redskins. He, like Jackie, was a military officer headquartered in the DC area when he received notice of his trade.," said former Redskins safety Brig Owens. "In the face of great adversity, he served as a role model for the Washington, D.C. community, The Redskins, its fan base and the NFL. He was committed to the National Leukemia Society and the Shaw Food Committee where for 40 years they fed over 500 families at Thanksgiving. He was more than an exceptional football player and athlete, he was an exceptional human being. He was like a brother to me." Redskins Legend, Pro Football Hall of Famer Bobby Mitchell Passes Away At 84 Statement From Washington Redskins Owner Dan Snyder On The Passing Of Hall Of Famer Bobby Mitchell Bobby Mitchell And The Kennedy Family, Among Other Presidential Types In addition, to the National Leukemia Society and Shaw Food Committee, Mitchell worked with a number of organizations to better his community. They included: the United Negro College Fund, the Howard University Cancer Research Advisory Committee, the American Lung Association of D.C., the Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday Commission, the National Urban League, the NAACP, the Junior Chamber of Commerce, the University of Illinois Presidents Council and the University of Illinois Foundation. Bobby Mitchell played in the NFL for 11 seasons and was a member of the Washington Redskins for seven . He was selected to the Pro Bowl four times during his career and was a three-time First Team All Pro selection. Mitchell appeared in 148 career games and finished his career with 2,735 rushing yards and 7,954 receiving yards along with 3,389 return yards. Upon Mitchell's retirement in 1968, his 14,078 all-purpose yards were the second most in NFL history. Altogether he spent 41 seasons as a Redskin, as a player and front office executive. During his tenure the team captured three Super Bowl titles. Mitchell's jersey will be officially retired at a jersey ceremony at a future home game. Bobby Mitchell passed away April 5, 2020. Washington Signs LB Justin Phillips To Reserve/Future Contract The team announced the following roster move Wednesday. Washington Signs 3 Players To Reserve/Future Contracts The team announced the following roster moves Tuesday. Washington Signs 13 Players To Reserve/Future Contracts The team announced the following roster moves Monday. Washington-Bucs Monday Stats Pack A list of stats and notes from the Washington Football Team's 31-23 loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, presented by BDO by the Numbers, as compiled by Washington Football Team Public Relations. Washington Football Team Vs. Buccaneers Inactives, Wild Card Round The Washington Football Team has announced six players as inactive for its 2020 Wild Card round matchup against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Washington-Eagles Monday Stats Pack A list of stats and notes from the Washington Football Team's 20-14 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles, presented by BDO by the Numbers, as compiled by Washington Football Team Public Relations. Washington Football Team Vs. Eagles Inactives, Week 17 The Washington Football Team has announced six players as inactive for its 2020 Week 17 matchup against the Philadelphia Eagles. Washington Signs Center Chase Roullier To Multi-Year Extension Roullier has started 52 games since Washington drafted him in the sixth round of the 2017 NFL Draft. Washington Releases RB Michael Warren, Signs WR Dontrelle Inman To Practice Squad The team announced the following roster moves Wednesday. Washington-Panthers Monday Stats Pack A list of stats and notes from the Washington Football Team's 20-13 loss to the Carolina Panthers, presented by BDO by the Numbers, as compiled by Washington Football Team Public Relations. Washington Football Team Vs. Panthers Inactives, Week 16 The Washington Football Team has announced six players as inactive for its 2020 Week 16 matchup against the Carolina Panthers. Washington Activates WR Antonio Gandy-Golden From Injured Reserve, Elevates QB Steven Montez From Practice Squad The team announced the following roster moves Saturday.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5654
__label__wiki	0.969274	0.969274	AP Interview: HK lawmaker says democracy fight needs rethink by: ALICE FUNG and ZEN SOO, Associated Press Pro-democracy lawmaker Wu Chi-wai gestures during an interview at his office in Legislative Council in Hong Kong on Nov. 19, 2020. After nearly three decades in politics, the 58-year-old Wu, chairman of Hong Kong’s largest pro-democracy party, is stepping down Monday, Nov. 30, 2020. All 15 lawmakers in the pro-democracy camp have decided to resign to protest a Beijing resolution in early November that led to the disqualifications of four of their colleagues. (AP Photo/Vincent Yu) HONG KONG (AP) — When Wu Chi-wai, chairman of Hong Kong’s largest pro-democracy party, decided to serve an extended term in the city’s legislature, he did not expect to resign two months later. After nearly three decades in politics, the 58-year-old Wu is stepping down Monday. All 15 lawmakers in the pro-democracy camp have tendered their resignations to protest a Beijing resolution in early November that led to the disqualifications of four of their colleagues. The resignations came at a fraught time for Hong Kong, as Beijing tightens control over the semi-autonomous city. Activists say that China is clamping down on freedoms that distinguish Hong Kong from the mainland. Since the 2014 Umbrella Movement protests, pro-democracy activists have demanded greater democracy and accused China of going back on its promise to allow the people to vote freely for their leader. Last year, protesters clashed with police in months of anti-government rallies. Partly in response, China tightened its grip on Hong Kong in June, imposing a national security law that targets dissent. For Wu, quitting was a last resort. He said that staying on would not have changed things, as the pro-Beijing government was determined to push through policies that the pro-democracy camp would not have been able to stop. Pro-democracy supporters will need to rethink how to continue their fight now that so much has changed, he said. “I kept my promise, I fought to the end,” he told The Associated Press in an interview, adding he hopes those who voted for him would not think that they had done so in vain. Wu, known for his feisty personality, often delivered impassioned speeches in defense of democracy. He was arrested earlier this year for participating in an unauthorized vigil in remembrance of the bloody 1989 Tiananmen Square crackdown in Beijing, and later again in November for contempt and interfering with other lawmakers during a clash in the legislative chamber in May. Democracy supporters must keep their determination to achieve their goals, even if it takes decades, he said. He conceded that he doesn’t yet know the path ahead, but sounded a hopeful note. “I’m getting into a whole new ball game,” he said. “It opens a new imaginative area to imagine the future, because in the past, I was stuck in a … boundary that made me tired.” For Wu, the fight for democracy has been a long and difficult one, akin to a political career that saw both election wins and defeats. He was an economics student in the U.S. when he decided in 1991 to return to Hong Kong — then a British colony — ahead of its return to China in 1997 to observe the changes from a transfer of sovereignty. He cut his teeth in politics as a legislative assistant, working for then-lawmaker Conrad Lam, who was part of pro-democracy party United Democrats of Hong Kong. In the ensuing years, Wu served on municipal and district councils before being elected to the citywide legislature in 2012. Since 2016, Wu has headed the Democratic Party -– Hong Kong’s largest pro-democracy political party. The mass resignations came shortly after the beginning of an unprecedented one-year extension of the four-year legislative term. That followed a postponement of legislative elections, with authorities citing public safety issues due to the coronavirus pandemic. Most of the pro-democracy legislators criticized the move as unconstitutional but initially decided to remain in the legislature. Then came the decision to disqualify four of them, which Wu described as sudden, although not unexpected. “(With) the latest decision, the central government simply tells everybody in the world that … ‘in Hong Kong, we are in total control, everything is under control,’” he said. “So, we need to reconsider the way to fight in the future.” Wu said the pro-democracy camp could run in future elections, in part to sustain the determination for democracy, but he pointed out that they may not be able to serve their whole terms, citing the recent disqualifications of his four colleagues. “History repeats in a cycle,” said Wu, pointing to the fight for democracy in the Soviet Union decades ago and the protests in Tiananmen Square. “The key now is how to keep our determination in the coming time, because it is easy for people to give up when they fail,” he said. “We may need to wait for 20 years, and some people may find that discouraging. But … if we believe in the value of democracy and freedom, we need people to fight for it.”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5655
__label__wiki	0.663643	0.663643	WeatherTech Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3 qualifies 11th at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park BOWMANVILLE, Ontario, Canada (July 8, 2017) – WeatherTech Racing drivers Cooper MacNeil and Gunnar Jeannette will start from the sixth row in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship GTD class for Sunday’s Mobil 1 SportsCar Grand Prix at Canadian Tire Motorsport Park. Under partly cloudy skies and temperatures near 70 degrees, MacNeil qualified the No. 50 WeatherTech Racing Mercedes-AMG GT3 11th after turning a lap of 1:17.959 around the 2.459-mile, 10-turn undulating road course. “A huge thank you and hats off to the Riley crew guys – not only the No. 50 guys, but the No. 33 guys who stayed late last night fixing the car from the wreck yesterday,” MacNeil said. “They did a pretty darn good job to get us out for the last practice this morning. Gunnar started and unfortunately we had a couple of red flags so I only got 13 timed laps before I had to qualify the car. Qualifying was decent. I pushed the car as hard as I thought I could take. We ended up doing OK. It was a respectable time based on not having much of a practice so far this weekend. “Tomorrow looks like a rain race. So that means qualifying really doesn’t mean anything. It’s just about making it through Turns 1 and 2, and then staying clean for the entire race. If the rain comes, great. If not, then we’ll have a good clean race in the dry.” The Riley Motorsports crew worked through the night and into the early morning hours to repair the heavily damaged No. 50 Mercedes in an effort to get it ready for this morning’s 9 a.m. practice and subsequent qualifying. The crash damage was sustained after the No. 26 Prototype Challenge car making side-to-side contact with the right side of the No. 50 WeatherTech Mercedes in Turn 8 during Friday morning’s first practice session. The contact forced the No. 50 to slide along the tire wall and spin before coming to rest nose first into the tire wall. The Mercedes sustained significant damage that brought out the red flag and ended the team’s day. Jeannette, who was driving at the time, got out of the car under his own power. “It was definitely a late night,” said Greg Jones, Riley Motorsports team manager. “It was a big effort by everybody. We got it [the car] out for this morning’s session. We didn’t miss any time there, so that was good. Sometimes we’re used to doing the ‘all nighter’ thing with the 24 hour races and stuff like that. But, this is a little different because it was constant work [from yesterday’s practice through today’s qualifying]. Then this morning, they [the crew] had to go right back at it [practice #3]. It’s not 24 hours. It’s going to be more like 36 hours – getting the car ready for qualifying today and the race prep that we have to do for tomorrow’s event to make sure we have a good quality car. “Cooper just did qualifying and he says the car is good. So we’re happy with that. Now, we’ll go and see what we can do for the race.” “All of the Riley crew members are freaking rock stars – both on the 50 and the 33,” Jeannette said. “When the 33 crew was done [with their car last night], they came over and helped us. A huge thank you to Riley Motorsports to get us at WeatherTech back out there. The car is pretty decent today. We missed a little bit of this morning’s practice with a brake issue that we found when we first went out. The guys got it figured out. I just wanted to do some laps and make sure everything was OK with the car. I also wanted to make sure Cooper got to drive it because he didn’t get any seat time yesterday. “Cooper got up to speed really quick. He had a really good qualifying effort. All three Mercedes-AMGs are within three tenths of a second.” The Mobil 1 Sports Car Grand Prix green flag waves at 12:05 p.m. (EDT) Sunday, July 9. Race fans can watch all of the live racing action beginning at noon on FS1. © 2021 MacNeil IP LLC	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5656
__label__wiki	0.712907	0.712907	The map of knowledge and the map of ignorance My visit to Guantanamo Bay W Daniel Hillis Scientist 201. Wars and disappointment in the government 47 02:30 202. 'The government is a pretty lousy customer' 51 01:47 203. My visit to Guantanamo Bay 53 03:43 204. The map of knowledge and the map of ignorance 53 03:14 205. The 'Cyc' project and why it was flawed 56 02:09 206. Freebase – the first free semantic network 45 03:33 207. Freebase pioneers semantic search 43 04:29 208. 'Better search makes people smarter' 52 02:00 209. Emergency breach manoeuvre in a nuclear submarine 45 04:14 210. Saying 'left' instead of 'right' in a nuclear submarine 42 02:17 The other thing I got very disappointed is during the W Bush administration: we started breaking the rules. And up till then, for instance, the intelligence agencies had been very, very careful never to spy on American citizens and then they started doing that. I wasn't aware of it, but I could kind of sense the different tone that happened there. That was partly why I quit. Later I found out that we started. And I would say nobody was more shocked by that than the people who worked at those agencies, because it was so built into the culture before then never to do that. And then the other thing that was... it was pretty awful, that I also felt some personal guilt about, because I... it was a problem I failed to stop. But after 9/11, everybody panicked and we captured all those people that went to Guantanamo Bay and, as it turns out, tortured them. And most people... very few people in the government were aware that that was happening. In fact, there were people in Defence that were worried it was happening and tried to see if it was happening. And one of the things I feel bad about is at one point I actually had some senior people at Defence that were kind of worried about what was happening down at Guantanamo Bay and didn't know. And they sent a small group of us down there to look at it. And we went down there and got a very sanitised tour, but in retrospect, they... of course, we had no control over what we saw, so they showed us what they wanted us to see, and they showed us prisoners being treated very well, and kids getting educated, and... They, of course, didn't show us people being tortured or things like that. And I remember not really trusting it very much and not getting along with the guy that ran it, this guy Miller, who I disliked. But not seeing anything that wasn't very reasonable, kind, treatment of prisoners. And going back and reporting on what I'd seen. But I've always felt like that report ended up being misleading, because I think it assured some people in the Pentagon that things were okay when, in fact, they weren't. And so again, my efforts, I think... in that case, not only didn't do good, but they probably did some harm, because I made them feel like, okay, well, they had looked and it was okay. So that was also partly what got me discouraged about the government work. And so I think the tone of it really, really did change during that administration. People really started breaking the rules in a way that had never been true before. So I hope it's gone back. I sense definitely the leadership at the level of the Presidential level has tried to push it back toward real government by law and following the rules, but it's a fragile thing. W Daniel Hillis (b. 1956) is an American inventor, scientist, author and engineer. While doing his doctoral work at MIT under artificial intelligence pioneer, Marvin Minsky, he invented the concept of parallel computers, that is now the basis for most supercomputers. He also co-founded the famous parallel computing company, Thinking Machines, in 1983 which marked a new era in computing. In 1996, Hillis left MIT for California, where he spent time leading Disney’s Imagineers. He developed new technologies and business strategies for Disney's theme parks, television, motion pictures, Internet and consumer product businesses. More recently, Hillis co-founded an engineering and design company, Applied Minds, and several start-ups, among them Applied Proteomics in San Diego, MetaWeb Technologies (acquired by Google) in San Francisco, and his current passion, Applied Invention in Cambridge, MA, which 'partners with clients to create innovative products and services'. He holds over 100 US patents, covering parallel computers, disk arrays, forgery prevention methods, and various electronic and mechanical devices (including a 10,000-year mechanical clock), and has recently moved into working on problems in medicine. In recognition of his work Hillis has won many awards, including the Dan David Prize. Title: My visit to Guantanamo Bay Listeners: Christopher Sykes George Dyson Christopher Sykes is an independent documentary producer who has made a number of films about science and scientists for BBC TV, Channel Four, and PBS. Tags: Gulf War, Ministry of Defence, George W Bush Date story recorded: October 2016 Date story went live: 05 July 2017	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5657
__label__cc	0.703958	0.296042	Jennifer Farley Jennifer Farley is an Associate with Wellington Dupont and has been involved in politics and policy for over two decades. Years of experience have honed Jennifer's skills in navigating The Hill. Her particular strength lies in identifying the right contact for a client, making connections and creating the opportunity for a client's voice to be heard. She has an effortless and natural way with people, and her ability to connect with others and forge relationships is a tremendous asset. Before joining WD, Jennifer completed a four-year assignment as the Associate Director for the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs in the White House of President George W. Bush. In this capacity, Jennifer served as the official liaison to state, city, county and tribal governments on behalf of the White House and President Bush. Furthermore, she was responsible for formulating policy and briefing the President on issues that advocated for state and local interests. Jennifer was also responsible for meeting with governors, mayors and tribal leaders on behalf of the President and traveled extensively throughout the country in this capacity. Jennifer regularly spoke on behalf of the White House on various panels and conferences across the nation to foster a working partnership between federal, state and local leaders. Prior to her tenure at the White House, Jennifer served as the Deputy Political Director for the National Republican Senatorial Committee where she was responsible for developing and promoting the Republican political platform, as well as coordinating fundraising, research, strategic planning and election strategy in every US Senate race. Further, Jennifer gained experience on Capitol Hill as advisor in the Office of Senator John McCain.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5659
__label__wiki	0.821941	0.821941	Skip to: Start of article Visually Open Nav. Go to Wired Home Page. 5 Numbers That Explain Why STEM Diversity Matters to All of Us Open Search Field. Subscribe now to get 6 months for $5 - plus a FREE Portable WIRED's biggest stories, delivered to your inbox. Visit WIRED Photo for our unfiltered take on photography, photographers, and photographic journalism wrd.cm/1IEnjUH We’re On See what's inspiring us. Don't miss out on WIRED's latest videos. Slide: 1 / of 1. Caption: Caption: #maketechhuman Skip Article Header. Skip to: Start of Article. Author: Maeghan Ouimet. Maeghan Ouimet #maketechhuman The ongoing debate about the Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) diversity dilemma has a pretty low signal-to-noise ratio: Despite the constant stream of TED Talks, books, blog posts, and corporate initiatives, there’s surprisingly little consensus about what the latest statistics and trends mean—much less how we’re going to address the issues they raise. But there is consensus about the big reason it matters: Evolving ourselves and our society for the better through technology will require a far more diverse talent pool in science and engineering fields than the alarmingly resilient white- and Asian-male pool we’re running with today. In the interest of speaking a universal language, here are five revealing numbers that paint a clear-eyed picture of the state and impossible-to-ignore implications of STEM diversity today. Estimated size of the STEM workforce in the U.S. by 2018. (Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) STEM jobs are growing faster than any other U.S. sector. Available jobs in the field are set to increase 17 percent between 2014 and 2024, while non-STEM employment will grow just 12 percent. Technology companies alone—led by giants like Facebook, Amazon, and Apple—will need to fill more than 650,000 new jobs by 2018. Two-thirds of these new hires will be STEM talent. Still, interest in this field is concentrated among white and Asian men, while the emerging workforce does not fit this demographic: Nearly half of U.S. children are girls and an increasing number are underrepresented minorities. In China, by contrast, where there’s a strong cultural emphasis on STEM from an early age, 40 percent of engineers are women. Percentage of working professionals currently in science and engineering jobs in the U.S who are white or Asian males. (Source: National Science Foundation) Fifteen years into the 21st century, the talent pool makeup in STEM disciplines resembles a 1980s U.S. Census report. As do the graduating classes of American undergraduate engineering and technology programs: While more women than men are enrolled in all U.S. undergraduate programs today, just 18 percent of women earned a bachelor’s degree in engineering as recently as 2012. The number was even lower for Hispanics (8 percent) and for blacks (4 percent). Percentage drop, since 1991, in the number of computer science degrees earned by women in the U.S. (Source: National Science Foundation) In 1983—right before the dawn of the personal computer revolution—women earned 37 percent of all computer science degrees in the U.S. Today, despite the fact that women comprise more than half of the workforce, their STEM representation (as well as that of minorities) has gone in reverse. One potential cause? A striking lack of female leadership in the world’s best universities. (Particularly egregious: The U.K., where just 17 percent of engineering and technology professors are women.) Though mentorship programs and scholarship opportunities are attempting to, um, stem the tide, time is (lost) money. By 2018, in the U.S. alone, it’s projected that 92 percent of STEM jobs will require some level of related higher education. Annual salary gap, as of 2013, between male and female professionals in STEM-related jobs. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau) When women and minorities do complete undergraduate STEM programs, they face still more disparity: The STEM wage gap between men and women in the U.S. is almost $16,000 per year, and £17,000 in the U.K. Today’s median wage for blacks employed in U.S. STEM jobs is $75,000 and around $77,000 for Hispanics, while whites earn a little over $88,000 annually. Women in science and technology jobs, according to Harvard Business Review, are also 45 percent more likely than their male peers to leave the industry within a year as a result of what they consider a hostile work environment. Percentage difference in the number of U.S. information and technology patents filed by mixed-sex teams compared to all-male teams. (Source: National Center for Women & Information Technology) The empirical research is clear: A more diverse STEM population portends huge benefits to tech innovation at large. (And some would also argue, provides a much-needed moral compass.) According to a University of Maryland and Columbia Business School joint study, gender diversity at the management level leads to a $42 million increase in value of S&P 500 firms. The noise and the numbers are prompting real change around the world: Intel just pledged $300 million to its “Diversity in Technology” initiative to train and recruit women and underrepresented minorities, hoping to achieve “full representation” of women and minorities by 2020. In New Zealand and Portugal, nearly half of all science and engineering doctoral degrees are awarded to women. And a global benchmarking study found that, thanks to substantive legislative policies supporting STEM access for all, Brazil leads the world when it comes to women’s participation in science, technology, and innovation. There are promising solutions in orbit—now it’s time to connect the dots. Additional Sources: U.S. Department of Commerce: Economics and Statistics Administration National Center for Education Statistics Australian Council of Learned Academies WISE Campaign WISAT Go Back to Top. Skip To: Start of Article. Equity - maketechhuman maketechhuman Skip Social. Skip to: Latest News. Skip Latest News. Skip to: Comments. With ‘Discovery,’ ‘Star Trek’ Is Finally Moving Forward Geek's Guide to the Galaxy ‘The Mandalorian’ Is Way Better in Season 2 ‘Tenet’ Is a Must-Watch for Action Movie Fans What Is a ‘Role-Playing Game’ Anyway? The ‘Into the Impossible’ Podcast Honors Arthur C. Clarke The Hollow Earth Theory Isn’t So Funny Anymore Teddy Roosevelt Is Basically a Fantasy Character Black Holes Aren’t As Bad As You Think Powered By Outbrain More Uncategorized Kayla LaCour Women Engineers On the Rampant Sexism of Silicon Valley Wired Facebook Wired Twitter Wired Pinterest Wired Youtube Wired Tumblr Wired Instagram Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement (updated 5/25/18) and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement (updated 5/25/18). Your California Privacy Rights. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Condé Nast. Ad Choices.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5666
__label__wiki	0.753942	0.753942	New Mexico records first case of COVID-19 UK variant Victim is man in his 60s who traveled to the U.K. in December; health officials haven't found anyone who came in close contact with him here by: Julian Resendiz EL PASO, Texas (Border Report) – New Mexico is reporting its first confirmed case of the COVID-19 UK variant. A man in his 60s who traveled to the United Kingdom in December tested positive for the B117 variant, the New Mexico Department of Health reported on Wednesday. The man didn’t require hospitalization and is recovering from what the department characterized as a “very mild illness.” The state hasn’t identified anyone so far who may have been in close contact with him. Officials did not immediately disclose in what part of New Mexico the man lives. The B117 coronavirus variant was detected in September in the United Kingdom. It has since spread to multiple countries and several U.S. states, including Texas, California and Florida, according to the CDC. California has reported the most cases with 32, followed by Florida with 22. The CDC maintains the B117 variant is no more deadly than any other COVID-19 strains nor more resistant to available vaccines. However, it seems to spread much more rapidly, prompting concerns about further outbreaks. New Mexico as of Wednesday had recorded 159,119 coronavirus cases — 1,151 more than the previous day — and 2,807 fatalities. Visit the BorderReport.com homepage for the latest exclusive stories and breaking news about issues along the United States-Mexico border. More Border Report Tour Stories Increasing demand for drugs locally fueling ongoing violence in Tijuana by Salvador Rivera / Jan 15, 2021 TIJUANA (Border Report) -- Friday morning, a black duffle bag was discovered on the streets of Tijuana filled with body remains including two legs, and not too far away, a black plastic bag was located containing a decapitated human torso. This type of discovery has become common place as the level of violence and the number of murders in this city remains high. Mexicans in the U.S. sent record amounts of money back home despite COVID-19 pandemic by Julian Resendiz / Jan 15, 2021 El PASO, Texas (Border Report) – Mexican workers abroad sent a record $36.9 billion to their homeland in the first 11 months of 2020, and some of that went to families in Tijuana, Juarez and other cities bordering the U.S. According to data released this month by the Bank of Mexico, remittances rose 11% through November of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 and eclipsed the record $36.4 billion sent in all of 2019. This, despite a COVID-19 pandemic that cost millions of people their jobs in the United States and prompted many others to tighten spending. New Mexico congresswoman plans fight for funds to complete border wall EL PASO, Texas (Border Report) – The border wall is crucial to keeping drugs and unauthorized migrants out of the country, so halting construction will have dire consequences for Americans, a New Mexico congresswoman says. The comments by U.S. Rep. Yvetter Herrell, R-New Mexico, come as President-elect Joe Biden prepares to take office, bringing campaign promises to not only stop the construction of his predecessor’s steel bollard barrier with Mexico but also tear down the “legal wall” of procedural rules that keeps asylum seekers on the other side of the border.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5667
__label__wiki	0.59467	0.59467	Police: 2 gunmen injure 5 customers at Chicago barbershop CHICAGO (AP) — Two gunmen fired through the window of a Chicago barbershop Thursday evening, injuring three juveniles and two adults who were getting their hair cut, police said. Chicago police Deputy Chief of Patrol Ernest Cato told The Chicago Tribunethat the gunmen had walked into the store in the West Garfield Park neighborhood and looked around, moments before firing into the shop from the street. Police said the victims — ages 11, 12, 16, 30 and 40 — all were expected to survive. There was no motive given for the shooting. Interim police Superintendent Charlie Beck, who was appearing at an unrelated event, said the victims were getting their haircut at the time of the shooting. All were taken to hospitals. Chicago police spokesman Anthony Guglielmi tweeted, “Detectives are on scene, canvassing and retrieving video.”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5668
__label__cc	0.708577	0.291423	What to expect at a funeral If you are planning to attend a funeral service following the death of a loved one, here’s our guide for what to expect at a funeral. What to expect at a funeral service? A celebrant or member of the clergy typically hosts the service. In some cases a close friend or family member will lead the service, especially in non-religious ceremonies. A funeral service may include the following: A eulogy or tribute Readings and poems A photo or video slideshow Rites and rituals (religion dependent) What usually happens at a funeral? The order of service will vary from funeral to funeral, but the majority of services will include the following: Funeral procession Funeral ceremony Committal service, a Christian ritual that involves prayers Reception (wake) Who sits in the front at a funeral? Traditionally, close family members sit on the front row, nearest to the coffin, at a funeral service. What to expect at a humanist funeral? A humanist funeral is a non-religious service that’s focused on the celebration of life. It’s not driven by specific traditions, rituals, or beliefs, and is usually the preferred option for humanists or atheists. That being said, they typically follow a similar order of service to a more traditional funeral, which includes a eulogy, music and readings. What happens at a cremation funeral service? Cremation is a process that uses intense heat to turn a person’s body into ashes. The cremation itself takes place in a specialised cremation chamber, on the day of the funeral. Some crematoriums allow one or two family members in the room when the cremation takes place, but mostly it’s done in private. The ashes are then returned to the bereaved family a few days later, sometimes via the funeral director. What happens at a burial funeral? At a burial funeral, the main part of the service usually takes place inside – but it can be hosted graveside. Following the ceremony, the person leading the service will guide a procession of mourners, behind the coffin, to the graveside. Here they will conduct the committal service with people congregated around the grave. Some attendees choose to do a reading or prayer before the coffin is lowered into the ground. Close family members may choose to scatter a handful of soil or throw flowers into the grave. What happens at a woodland funeral? A woodland burial, also known as a green or natural burial, is an eco-friendly alternative to a traditional service. The service is held in a rural location – woodland, forests, meadows etc. – and focuses on minimising the carbon footprint that’s associated with burying someone in the ground. A woodland burial has no set order of service and some people choose to include a memory walk or simple ceremony in their funeral plans. What happens at a funeral mass? A funeral mass, or requiem mass, is an optional part of a Catholic funeral. Following the funeral liturgy (a reading from the Bible), mourners will approach the priest to receive Holy Communion (Catholic) or a blessing (non-Catholic). This is followed by Final Commendation, special prayers delivered by the priest. What to expect at a funeral wake? A funeral wake is a reception held after the funeral service. It provides a place for family and friends to gather and reflect on the life of their loved one, usually in a family home or rented venue. Alternatively, some people choose to host a memorial service on the year anniversary of their loved one’s death. Are you supposed to bring something to a funeral? There is no expectation to bring a gift or flowers to a funeral. Some families may request you make a donation in the name of the person who has died, instead. What should you not do at a funeral? When it comes to funeral etiquette, here are a few simple things to avoid when attending the funeral of a loved one: Don’t be late Turn your phone off or put it on silent Don’t talk during the service Wear appropriate clothing What should you not say at a funeral? A funeral is a very difficult time for close family of the deceased. It’s important to be sensitive when talking to them about the death of their loved one. Everyone deals with grief differently, but we suggest you avoid the following: You’ll get over it He/she is in a better place now It was meant to be At least he/she didn’t suffer It was his/her time You need to move on Instead, it can be good to say things like: I can’t imagine how you feel Take all the time you need He/she will be missed I’m here if you need me to…. If you need to arrange a funeral for a friend or family member, or want more information regarding funeral costs, please get in touch with Woking Funeral Service. Have you found what you are looking for today? can we help you arrange a funeral? Call 01483 772 266, visit branch or arrange a home visit. 10 Uplifting Hymns for Funerals Poems Suitable for a Funeral Children’s funeral arrangements	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5669
__label__wiki	0.822825	0.822825	LivingSocial Seeks $1 Billion in IPO LivingSocial CEO Tim O'Shaughnessy vows to catch Groupon this year. By Gina Chon And Stu Woo Deal-of-the-day website LivingSocial Inc., which has courted bargain-hunting consumers for the past few years, is now looking to win over public investors. LivingSocial, which competes with larger rival Groupon Inc., is seeking to raise about $1 billion from an initial public offering, valuing the Web firm at between $10 billion and $15 billion, people familiar with the matter said. The company has chosen three banks— Bank of America Merrill Lynch , Deutsche Bank AG and J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.—as the lead underwriters for the IPO, the people said. LivingSocial will likely go public in the fall, the people said. A LivingSocial spokeswoman declined comment. CNBC earlier reported the underwriters for LivingSocial's offering.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5675
__label__wiki	0.729394	0.729394	Connections: Discussing voting and equal rights 100 years after the passage of the 19th Amendment By Evan Dawson & Megan Mack • Aug 24, 2020 Discussing the state of voting and equal rights 100 years after the passage of the 19th Amendment The Susan B. Anthony Museum and House rejected President Trump's pardon of Susan B. Anthony last week. Trump pardoned Anthony last Tuesday on the 100th anniversary of the passage of the 19th Amendment. Anthony was arrested in 1872 for voting before it was legal for women to do so. Some historians say Anthony would not have wanted to be pardoned because she didn't think she did anything wrong. This hour, we discuss Anthony's legacy, the suffragist movement, and the state of equal rights and voting rights in America a century after most women earned the right to vote. Our guests: Deborah Hughes, president and CEO of the Susan B. Anthony Museum and House Walt Gable, Seneca County Historian Mary Corey, associate professor, emerita, at SUNY Brockport, and author of “The Political Life and Times of Matilda Joslyn Gage” Susan B. Anthony House suffrage movement Trump pardon of Susan B. Anthony not welcomed by area leaders A pardon from President Donald Trump on Tuesday on behalf of famed suffragist Susan B. Anthony is being criticized in the city where she lived for many years. The president announced he will pardon Anthony on the day that is also the 100th anniversary of the 19th Amendment, which helped guarantee women the right to vote. Anthony was arrested in 1872 for violating the law that allowed only men to vote at that time.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5677
__label__cc	0.599994	0.400006	55+Plus MaNNa – Pre-Kindergarten through Grade 5 Magma – Middle-School MGBS – Magma Girls Bible Study Summer Sunday School Mandarin Ministry Refugee Sponsorship Ministry 20/20 Intergenerational Community 20/20 Contact Form Ladies of Faith Men’s Coffee Brunch Widows and Single Women’s Group Barnabas Family Ministries Rwanda STEP Partnership (Serving, Training, Energizing Partnerships) Canadian Baptist of Western Canada (CBWC) Chosen People Ministries (Canada) Harvest Project Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship Keats Camps Mission Central and Missions Fest Contact Pastor Axel Schoeber Funeral and Memorial Services Update from the Refugee Sponsorship Committee Our second sponsored family – July 2020 Since November 2019 West Vancouver Baptist Church has been supporting a second Refugee Claimant family introduced to us by Journey Home, a Christian organization that assists Refugee Claimants in BC. The family of four fled their home country in South America and arriving in Canada in October. Through the grace of God we were able to find them a furnished suite on the North Shore close to shops, transit, and neighbourhood schools. It was gratifying to witness the generosity of our congregation – and the family’s landlords – as we equipped the family with winter clothing and additional household items, including toys and a bicycle for the children. A food drive was held to supply them with staples, other groceries were provided as needed, and family outings were arranged. The family loves the home we have provided for them and enjoys living on the North Shore. The family has settled in well considering the impact of COVID-19. The Refugee Committee members continue to meet with them in a safe manner. All ESL classes have been cancelled due to the Coronavirus; however, the parents and children continue to improve their English as much as possible. The 11-year old began attending school and the family joined us for Sunday worship – until the Coronavirus put a stop to both school and our Sunday services in March. Nevertheless, on June 14, Refugee Sunday, the family spoke to the congregation during the worship service on Zoom. They told why they left their homeland and their feelings of lostness until receiving a welcome from Journey Home and West Vancouver Baptist Church. Refugee Claimants usually have a long road ahead of them before they know whether they will be allowed to stay in Canada or not. After making a formal claim to stay in Canada in January 2020 the family is waiting for their Refugee Claimant hearing which we hope will occur within the next twelve months. The family is receiving financial assistance from the BC provincial government and West Vancouver Baptist Church. The goals for the family for this year are to improve their English, to gain employment skills, and to find work. We are grateful to God for the opportunity to walk alongside this family in friendship and love as they gradually adapt to life in Canada. Please pray for them, that they will feel supported, and that ultimately their claim to stay in Canada will be approved. Update on our first family – June 2019 We continue to maintain contact with our first family although our formal sponsorship has ended. The family is coping very well considering the impact of the Coronavirus. The father is currently looking for employment which is hard to find at present. On July 1, 2020 the family celebrated their second Canada Day; they are grateful for the support provided by West Vancouver Baptist Church and for our great country. Our first sponsored family West Vancouver Baptist Church has been blessed to sponsor a Refugee Claimant family through our partnership with Journey Home, a Christian organization that assists Refugee Claimants in BC. Inspired by God’s love, Journey Home welcomes Refugee Claimants into our community by partnering with churches who provide housing, settlement support, and relational care to needy families. Our family was being persecuted in their home country and arrived in Vancouver in Fall of 2018. The identity of our family is being protected to ensure the safety of their family back home. We helped the family by providing them with food, transportation and groceries. We have found them an apartment to live in (which is a huge challenge in the current real estate market), and have helped them move in with the furnishings donated by the church. Most important, we have been able to provide them with friendship, love and guidance. The family is now settled in the Lower Mainland and is doing well. The children are attending school and the mother is learning English. The family is healthy and they truly appreciate the help and love they have received. What are refugee claimants? Refugee Claimants (aka Asylum Seekers) are, by definition, already in Canada, having fled their homes often with only a plastic bag of belongings or the clothes they are wearing. Such families do not come here by choice; they are escaping persecution and are in desperate need of help. Because Refugee Claimants are processed through a different immigration stream from refugees who apply from abroad, claimants are not queue jumpers and are not taking the place of refugees who are coming to Canada from abroad for resettlement. Please pray for our family, that the father will find work as they seek to be contributing members of our society, and that they will thrive, be happy and live in safety. Please pray for the thousands of refugees who arrive in BC every year. Please pray that the Refugee Committee members will continue to have strength and wisdom and be guided by God’s love. Please pray our church will continue to love our neighbour and glorify Christ. “For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me.” (Matthew 25:35) We were notified Aug 31, 2018 that the family we had hoped to sponsor from Syria have been relocated to Norway. We are disappointed they are not coming to Vancouver but rejoice that they will live in freedom and peace. Therefore, WVBC is pleased to announce that we shall be sponsoring a Refugee Claimant family. For this we are excited to be working with Journey Home Community, a Christian organization that assists Refugee Claimants in BC. Inspired by God’s love and in partnership with churches Journey Home welcomes Refugee Claimants into community by offering housing, settlement support, and relational care. Journey Home believes that all people are made in the image of God and respects and affirms the value of each individual irrespective of their race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group. Refugee Claimants (aka Asylum Seekers) are, by definition, already in Canada, having fled their homes often with only a plastic bag of belongings or the clothes they are wearing. Such families are in desperate need of help. Because Refugee Claimants are processed through a different immigration stream from refugees who apply from abroad Claimants are not queue jumpers and are not taking the place of refugees who are coming to Canada from abroad for resettlement. WVBC looks forward to welcoming and supporting a family in need. “For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me drink, I was a stranger and you welcomed me.” (Matthew 25:35). October 2017: We are pleased to announce that through contacts in our own congregation, together with help from Canadian Baptists of Western Canada, we have found a Syrian family of four whom we hope to sponsor. The family currently lives in Lebanon after fleeing from their home in northern Syria, and they are now applying to the Canadian government for refugee status. We hope a decision will be made by June 2018. We pray for the family’s well-being, that their application for immigration will be approved by the Canadian Government, and that we will be able to welcome them here in 2018. Syrian Family update: Although no longer in the headlines the Syrian civil war continues, innocents are being killed, families are still fleeing, and the need is still acute. Since 2011 more than 5 million Syrians have fled their country – a further 6 million are internally displaced. Canadian Baptists of Western Canada (CBWC) has allocated a family of four to WVBC for sponsorship and is currently looking for a Christian family in Lebanon who are refugees from Syria. We hope to receive details about a possible family within the next month. Please pray that a family may soon be found for us to bless. February 2017: We were very sad to learn recently that the Syrian family we had expected to welcome to Canada had their refugee application rejected by the Canadian government. We continue to pray for them, that they will find a place to call home very soon and we trust that God is even now preparing this for them. We also continue to believe that God has called us to sponsor a Syrian refugee family. To this end we have applied to Canadian Baptists of Western Canada (our Sponsorship Agreement Holder) for a new family to support; we hope to receive a positive response by March 31, 2017. We have much to be thankful for. During the past year: we formed a committee which is passionate and enthusiastic in its desire to support a refugee family we have received enough donations of gifts-in-kind to furnish a two-bedroom apartment we have been blessed by the very generous donation from BigSteelBox of a container in which we are storing all the household goods we reached out to the congregation and community with appeals and fund-raising events which means we have very nearly reached our goal of $50,000 to support a family for a year November 26, 2016: Please join us at West Vancouver Baptist Church on Saturday November 26, 7-9pm for a wonderful evening of Christmas-themed comedy and music. Hosted by our Syrian Family Fundraising Committee, Laugh Again Christmas features award-winning Canadian author and speaker, Phil Callaway, known for his humorous yet perceptive look at life. Through his gift of storytelling Phil will share a message of hope, healing, and encouragement and remind us of the true meaning of Christmas. He will be joined by acoustic guitarist Jay Calder. Phil’s weekly radio program Laugh Again is broadcast across North America and the UK (and can be heard locally on KARI radio at AM550). Back to the Bible and Compassion Canada have teamed up to bring Phil’s Christmas show to audiences across Canada. Tickets are $20 and available at West Van Baptist Church (604 922 0911) or the Eventbrite link below. A portion of the ticket price will help support the Syrian Family sponsored by West Van Baptist. In addition, this event will feature a presentation by Compassion Canada, highlighting the ways that people can help release children from poverty around the world. Come yourself – and bring your friends. Please note that the show is most suitable for an adult audience of 18 and over. Thank you to the many people who have donated money and gifts-in-kind, or who have volunteered their time. We are now just over halfway to our goal of $50,000.Like many other Canadians we were deeply moved by the predicament of people fleeing from the Syrian civil war and felt called to action. Our inspiration has been Christʼs example of compassion, mercy and grace, and the Biblical injunction to “Defend the weak and the fatherless; uphold the cause of the poor and the oppressed. Rescue the weak and the needy.” (Psalm 82:3-4)In addition, we would welcome and encourage our church neighbours and the public to partner with us.Our goal is to raise $50,000 – and we are grateful to be almost half-way there!We look forward to welcoming the family and partnering with them as they transition into Canadian life. We recognize that leaving their home country requires an enormous amount of courage and a huge adjustment on their part. In turn we pledge to be loving, patient, supportive, flexible, and sensitive to the cultural differences and to their needs as unique human beings, made in God’s image.We believe we are following Christ’s teaching to love our neighbour by helping this family to a better life. The Lord God has told us what is right and what he demands: “See that justice is done, let mercy be your first concern, and humbly obey your God” (Micah 6:8) Before 2011 Syria had a population of about 23 million. Since then more than 10 million people have fled their homes. Two thirds are internally displaced and the rest have sought refuge elsewhere. Please get in touch with the church office (wvbc@westvanbaptist.com) if you would like to volunteer or have any questions. Your inquiry will be directed to the appropriate committee member. You may help us reach our financial goal by donating on-line: click on the Donate link above and choose Refugee Sponsorship Fund in the Donation Option. Currently we are looking for volunteers to assist in fundraising, to help us pick up donated furniture, and to serve on the sub-committee which will help the family integrate into the community on their arrival. (The timing of their arrival is not yet known.) We are also accepting donations of money, furniture, and household goods. We envision this endeavour engaging our whole congregation. Many of us attended the first meeting called by the Syrian Sponsorship Committee and were excited about working together on this great endeavour. Dozens of people put up their hands and committed their time and/or their money. April, 2016: West Vancouver Baptist Church is pleased to be sponsoring a Syrian Family. We are partnering with Canadian Baptists of Western Canada (which is a government Sponsorship Agreement Holder) under a Private Sponsorship arrangement. We have undertaken to support a family of four for one year: they are a young Christian couple with an 11-year-old daughter and an 8-year-old son. WEST VANCOUVER BAPTIST CHURCH 450 Mathers Avenue, V7S 1H3 Email: wvbc@westvanbaptist.com OFFICE HOURS: During COVID19 Monday through Thursday: 9:00am – 2pm Closed all other days and statutory holidays until further notice. SUNDAY SERVICE TIME 10:00AM on ZOOM. See “JOIN” button at the top of the home page. 10:15am Mandarin on Zoom. See “JOIN” for Mandarin button on home page. DOCUMENTS THAT DEFINE US Statement of Faith from Bylaws West Vancouver, BC, Canada © Copyright 2021 West Vancouver Baptist Church. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy Terms & Conditions	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5681
__label__wiki	0.754119	0.754119	BizWorthy: Possible Bankruptcy For Observer Parent Company, Atrium And Novant Battle Over Beds WFAE \| By Marshall Terry Published November 21, 2019 at 4:08 AM EST COURTESY OF NATE RYAN The Charlotte Observer's parent company, McClatchy, is about $700 million in debt and questions about it declaring bankruptcy have been raised. Last week the Charlotte Observer’s parent company, McClatchy, announced it will stop printing Saturday editions at all of its papers next year. The California-based company, which also owns the Raleigh News & Observer and the Rock Hill Herald, is about $700 million in debt. The IRS has declined the company’s request to defer making payments to its pension plan. That’s raised the question of a possible bankruptcy. For more on this and other business news, WFAE "Morning Edition" host Marshall Terry is joined by Tony Mecia of the Charlotte Ledger Business Newsletter for our segment BizWorthy. Marshall Terry: So if McClatchy does declare bankruptcy, Tony, what would that mean for the Observer? Tony Mecia: Well, it's important to understand, Marshall, what bankruptcy means and what bankruptcy doesn't mean. A lot of times we think of bankruptcy as meaning you're completely out of money and you have to shut down. That is not what a corporate bankruptcy means. And typically, companies, when they enter bankruptcy, it gives them a chance to reorganize, to keep their creditors at bay while they come out with a different business plan and can emerge stronger. And we've seen that with a lot of different companies that have filed for bankruptcy and emerge as stronger companies. So when you say, "Well, what does it mean for the Observer?" I mean, it's sort of hard to know. No company wants to be in bankruptcy. There are a lot of things that are unpredictable about being in bankruptcy, but it's not necessarily a bad thing for the operation of the Observer and the other newspapers if they can shed some of that debt and come up with a plan that makes them viable going forward. Terry: The Observer, like a lot of papers, has struggled in recent years. You asked a few current and former leaders in Charlotte media what they thought the future of news coverage in the city looks like. What were some of the responses you got? Mecia: Yeah, I would say the most overwhelming response I got is one that -- and this is nothing new, really, or surprising -- but printed papers have not been succeeding for a while. And that the trend line is much more toward digital publications, towards online publication. I mean, you see the Observer moving this direction as well. You see other news organizations that are in other media moving that direction. And so what I'm hearing is that the future is maybe instead of having a newspaper be the main center of media in a city, that you're going to have a lot of smaller media. That each are a little more niche, that have their own area that they look into and that provide very different things to their readers or consumers. Terry: Onto some banking news, now. Federal regulators have approved the planned merger of BB&T and SunTrust. The new bank would be called Truist and it would be headquartered in Charlotte. So has the merger now cleared its final hurdle? Mecia: I think this was the last major hurdle. They've said that they want to close the deal on Dec. 6. And so it looks like all signs are go for that. You know, SunTrust, based in Atlanta, BB&T based in Winston-Salem, are combining moving about 2,000 people here in Charlotte. I think that's a good thing for Charlotte. And it certainly looks like it's going to happen. Terry: And the building that will be Truist's home in uptown is expected to sell for record price soon, right? Mecia: Yeah. Cousins Properties, which owns the Hearst Tower, said on its earnings call a couple of weeks ago that it believes that it will be sold to Truist at a pretty good price of $455 million, almost a million square feet. So, I mean, that's a pretty good price. The previous record in North Carolina was from the Bank of America Tower at Legacy Union. That deal closed last week. That was $436 million. So this Hearst Tower sale, which they believe will happen in March, should be the most expensive office building sale in North Carolina history. Terry: The two big hospital networks in Charlotte -- Atrium and Novant -- are fighting over patient beds. The state says there's a need for about 75 additional hospital beds in Mecklenburg County, and Atrium wants all of them. So why does Atrium say it should get them all and that Novant should get none? Mecia: So Atrium and Novant have had to file paperwork with the state making their cases on how many beds they should get. The state regulates things like this. And Atrium says it should get all of the beds because it says it is creating all of the demand for new beds in Mecklenburg County and that Novant has a surplus of beds. Now, Novant says actually their facility in Matthews really needs extra beds, that they have patients that are leaving the operating room that have to wait to get into those beds and that they're just becoming over capacity. So they say they really need that. So the state is going to sort it out. I mean, these are hundreds of pages of detailed tables of data. You know, it's hard as a layman to know exactly who's right, but the state's going to sort that out and make a determination. Terry: Finally, you've been looking into an industry that's on the rise in Charlotte -- upscale pet boarding. So I assume these places offer more than just a concrete pen and a bucket of water? Credit Pet Suites Dogs can stay in luxury accommodations in places like Pet Suites in Charlotte. Mecia: Marshall, Some of these places are pretty nice, I have to tell you. They've got swimming pools that are shaped like bones. They have luxury townhomes with flat-screen TVs that show Animal Planet so your pet can relax and unwind after a hard day of playing fetch or tug-of-war with other dogs. Some of these have really gone upscale. You're seeing a lot more of these open up. There was one that opened up this week in Ballantyne. There's some near the airport. Thjs is something that has been going on for about the last 10 years or so. As the city grows and there's a lot of affluence here and people start treating their pets a little more as humans. Terry: What are the prices on these sorts of things? Mecia: Well, one of the owners that I talked to said that a place by the airport, Pet Suites, the rooms start at $36 a night. You can add to that play packages in bronze, silver and gold levels. Or if you want to upgrade to one of the luxury suites, you can do that, too. And those start around $55 a night. Some of these sound nicer than some actual hotels that I've stayed in. BusinessBizWorthyBB&TSuntrustCharlotte Observer Marshall came to WFAE after graduating from Appalachian State University, where he worked at the campus radio station and earned a degree in communication. Outside of radio, he loves listening to music and going to see bands - preferably in small, dingy clubs. See stories by Marshall Terry BizWorthy: SouthPark Adding 'The Loop,' Commercial Kitchens Growing And $3M Cars BizWorthy: Big Changes Coming To South End; Marketers Push 'BOplex' Rebrand BizWorthy: Booming Banks, Futuristic Health Care And Love For Cannon Ballers	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5682
__label__wiki	0.626659	0.626659	What Hi-Fi? For discerning listeners and hi-fi enthusiasts Sound+Image mag B&W 800 D3 review A loudspeaker whose sound speaks for itself Tested at £23500 / $30000 / AU$41900 By Australian Hi-Fi 15 October 2018 (Image: © Bowers & Wilkins) If you have been waiting for this new version you've done the right thing, because B&W has significantly improved it Fabulous bass Airy, natural sound Superb high frequencies Aluminium spine Speaker terminal Aus Hi-Fi mag review This review and test originally appeared in the Sep/Oct 2018 issue of Australian Hi-Fi magazine, one of What Hi-Fi?’s sister titles from Down Under. Click here for more information about Australian Hi-Fi, including details on how to subscribe. [For Australian availability of this product, please see the B&W website.] The B&W 800 D3 represents a landmark in the company’s history, because it was specifically created to celebrate B&W’s 50th anniversary. As such, I expected to find some gold used in the 800 D3, this being the precious metal most-often used to celebrate 50th anniversaries in most countries around the world. B&W has instead used diamond, a material more commonly reserved for 60th anniversaries. To be more specific, the dome of the 800 D3’s tweeter is made of diamond, which you’d have to agree is quite a step up in materials science from the cloth and base metal domes that are usually used to build tweeters… and by ‘base’ metals, I mean aluminium, titanium and beryllium. Using a dome made from diamond is not without its costs, and the first cost is simply that: they’re expensive! They’re so expensive that even B&W can’t afford to damage one. In fact, to minimise the possibility of damage, they are not even installed in the cabinet until the absolute last minute… just prior to each speaker being individually measured before being placed in its shipping carton. Another cost of using a dome made from diamond is that—rather counter-intuitively, diamond being the hardest mineral known to mankind—the diamond dome is actually quite fragile, so to prevent it being accidentally damaged, B&W protects it with a grille mesh that very slightly affects its frequency response and reduces its efficiency. B&W is continually improving this grille to make it ever-more acoustically transparent, in order that it has less effect on the sound waves that must pass through it. The latest incarnation of the grille has a mesh grid that looks a little like one of Buckminster Fuller’s geodesic domes, with myriad interlinked triangles. The dome is removable, but has a childproof locking system, so a special tool is required to remove it. A further ‘cost’ of using diamond as a dome material is that it’s heavier than fabric or metal, which means it’s more difficult to drive, and somewhat less efficient as a result. B&W gets around this issue by using four magnets, rather than just one, to drive the dome. B&W claims an increase in efficiency of around 2dB. To keep these four magnets cool—so they maintain their efficiency—the tube in which the tweeter is housed (about which more in a moment) is made from aluminium alloy, so the whole surface acts as a heatsink as well as an ‘enclosure’. Given all the foregoing drawbacks, one might be forgiven for asking why B&W uses diamond domes at all. The reason is that diamond has a hardness factor of 10 on the Mohs scale, which means that whereas most other tweeters enter their ‘break-up’ mode well below 50kHz (and some do so below 20kHz, so within the audio band itself!) B&W’s diamond tweeter does not enter its ‘break-up’ mode until a frequency of nearly 70kHz. The result is that the dome is completely rigid, exhibiting perfect piston-like behaviour not only within the audio band, but also for at least an octave above it, and delivers superior sound quality as a direct result. (By way of comparison, aluminium rates only a ‘3’ on the Mohs scale, and beryllium scores only a ‘5.5’.) There is one other problem with using a hard dome in a tweeter, and that is the problem of getting rid of pressure waves from the back of the dome. Whereas the pressure waves at the front of the dome that are caused by the dome’s forward and backwards movement are what we perceive as sound, the corresponding waves issuing from the back of the dome interfere with sound quality. Some manufacturers don’t address this issue at all, while some others use a damper or disperser immediately behind the dome. B&W uses a rather elegant acoustic construction that extracts unwanted energy from the rear of the diaphragm by moving it away to be dissipated inaudibly as it moves down the tube, with the different frequencies being absorbed at different distances down the tube (which requires a fairly long tube). This technique is what B&W refers to as its ‘Nautilus’ technology. As you can see from the 800 D3, the tweeter is mounted in its own ‘Nautilus’ enclosure at the top of the cabinet. This enclosure is vibrationally isolated from the ‘head’ that contains the midrange driver, and this ‘head’ is in turn isolated from the main cabinet that contains the two bass drivers, so that cabinet vibration cannot adversely affect the motion of the midrange or tweeter diaphragms (Image credit: Bowers & Wilkins) As mentioned in the previous paragraph, the midrange driver of the B&W 800 D3 is contained in its own sub-enclosure, and this also has a Nautilus tube to absorb the unwanted pressure wave from the rear of the midrange cone. This cone, which is 150mm in diameter, is unlike almost all other midrange cones ever made in that it does not have a roll surround around its periphery to assist with cone movement. Instead it uses a ‘suspension’ system B&W has been using for some years now, which it calls a ‘fixed suspension’, and the drivers that use it ‘Fixed Suspension Transducers’ or ‘FST’ drivers. In reality, the suspension is not ‘fixed’ at all, but instead of connecting to a flexible ring of rubber or foam that moves up and down along with the cone, the cone is instead terminated by a very narrow polymer ring that stretches to accommodate the cone’s movement. This trick is made possible because B&W’s FST drivers operate only over a very narrow band of frequencies that do not require much in the way of cone movement. The advantages are claimed to be improved transient response, improved damping and reduced distortion (this last because the foam ring does not reflect energy back across the cone surface in the same manner as a roll sound). B&W also says that this suspension improves the high-frequency response, so the crossover point to the tweeter can be at a higher frequency than it would otherwise have to be. The midrange cone is made from a material that B&W calls ‘Continuum’ that’s said to have a ‘unique composite construction’ and first appeared on the 802 D3. Continuum must be superior to Kevlar as a cone material, because B&W itself previously used Kevlar in this application. The sub-enclosure in which it’s housed is made from a fibre-glass-like composite B&W calls ‘Marlan’. The tear-drop shape means there are no reflections added to the direct sound, which enables improved imaging. Eliminating reflections and diffractions is one of the reasons the main cabinet of the 800 D3 is curved. When a bass driver is mounted on a standard flat baffle its performance is severely affected by that baffle. Yet, in the main, manufacturers continue to use flat baffles… primarily, it must be said, because it’s so difficult to physically mount a driver on a non-flat surface. B&W has solved the mounting problem by fixing both the bass drivers in the 800 D3 to aluminium tubes that protrude through the baffle. From an engineering viewpoint, this is expensive and difficult. From a visual viewpoint the appearance will be in the eyes of the beholder. I really like the look of the protruding drivers, but several others whose opinion I asked did not share my opinion. If you don’t share my opinion either, B&W supplies a black cloth grille that will hide both bass drivers and another—separate—grille to hide the midrange driver from sight. As for those bass drivers, B&W has also upgraded the material from which they’re made. Whereas B&W previously used a material called Rohacell to make the cones in its flagship designs, it now uses a material it calls ‘Aerofoil’. Since the word aerofoil is already in use to describe the cross-sectional shape of an object that when moved through the air creates an aerodynamic force (i.e. the blade of a helicopter) it seemed odd to me that B&W would use the same word to describe a material. However, we do know that the construction of the cone is very similar to that of B&W’s Rohacell cones, which sandwich a hard foam core between two skins of woven carbon-fibre. However, unlike the Rohacell driver, whose foam core is the same thickness everywhere across the cone, the core in the ‘Aerofoil’ cone is not constant over the cone’s diameter, but varies depending on the distance from the point at which it attaches to the voice coil former. Because of this, and the name, it’s not too much of a stretch to imagine that the shape of the core in the ‘aerofoil’ driver is not dissimilar to that of an aerofoil: flat on one side, bulging on the other, and thinning at both ends. Although B&W specifies bass cone diameter at 250mm, this is the mounting hole diameter: the diameter of the moving part of the cone is only 228mm, and the Thiele/Small diameter is 215mm. This puts the cone area (Sd) of each driver at 363cm², for a total cone area of 726cm², so that if B&W had used a single bass driver, it would have had to have had an overall diameter of around 340mm in order to deliver the same amount of bass. The 800 D3 is a vented-box design, with the bass reflex port located underneath the cabinet, which is my favourite location, as it means the room is loaded equally, which doesn’t happen when a port is located on the front or rear of the cabinet. The port itself is B&W’s ‘Flowport’ design, so-named because the surface of the port is dimpled—much like a golf ball—to ensure a smooth flow of air through it. Unlike most down-firing ports, whose performance is affected by the surface on which the loudspeakers stand, B&W’s port ‘fires’ down into the top of the base of the speaker, so dispersion is completely controlled, no matter whether your floor is made of stone, ceramic, wood or carpet. The cabinet itself, apart from being curved internally, is also filled internally with criss-crossed ply/alloy braces to prevent cabinet vibrations and inhibit standing waves… a system B&W calls ‘Matrix’ bracing that it has been developing for many years, this latest iteration being its ‘Optimised Matrix.’ Unlike many curved cabinets, the 800 D3 is a stressed design, so B&W has to use an alloy beam at the rear to contain the stresses. I found this silver beam an unwelcome visual contrast with the Rosenut finish on my sample (I would have preferred a black alloy strut with the Rosenut finish) but that’s really a personal call (beauty being in the eye of the beholder, after all), and since it’s around the back of the speaker, I actually couldn’t see the beam at all from my listening position. But I do think that the silvery colour would better-suit the 800 D3 in its ‘Satin White’ finish. (A Gloss Black finish is also available.) There are four gold-plated multi-way speaker terminals on the rear of the cabinet. The centre two connect to the midrange driver and tweeter and the outer two to the bass drivers to permit bi-wiring or biamping. B&W provides short wire links to connect the two sections for those using only a single set of speaker cables. The ‘heads’ of the screw-on connectors are rounded, which makes them difficult to tighten, something I found even more difficult because they didn’t seem to twist smoothly down the post threads, so B&W should talk to its supplier about improving its machining standards. As for their size, I assume that you’ve already assumed that the 800 D3 cabinets are big, and you’d be right, with each one measuring 1217×413×611mm (HWD). Whatever you pay for a pair of B&W 800 D3s, the price will include a life-time of free hi-res downloads from B&W. This means that if you buy a pair of B&W 800 D3s you automatically qualify for a life-time membership to B&W’s ‘Society of Sound’ which means you can download hi-res albums and tracks from B&W’s website for free and ‘forever’. The only trick to this is that every time B&W loads a new album to its download site, it also removes one, which is presumably part of its licensing agreement. So to get maximum benefit from membership, you need to download at least two albums every month, which could be annoying to keep remembering to do, but is certainly a clever ploy to keep you involved with the B&W brand! Listening sessions First-off, I have to say that in a review of B&W’s slightly smaller 802 D3s that I wrote fairly quickly as a direct result of first hearing them, I was so smitten by their sound quality and their overall performance that I failed to emphasise one aspect of their design that I absolutely loved and also found immensely practical in day-to-day use. Since that same design feature is also found on the 800 D3s, I will use this review to redeem myself. The design feature to which I refer is simply the fact that these B&W speakers are fitted with wheels (or, if you prefer a more scientifically accurate term, ‘castors’), so they can be moved really easily. They’re also so heavy (96kg per cabinet) that I could hear no difference in sound quality between listening to them whilst on their castors and when listening when they were spiked. The castors make it really—and I mean really!—easy to position the speakers out of the way whenever you’re not listening to them, and wheel them out into the optimum position when you are. If you find you do prefer the sound when the speakers are on spikes (note that your ability to hear a difference might depend on the floor surface on which the speakers are standing), you will appreciate B&W’s spike design too, because after you’ve wheeled the speakers into the position where they sound the best, all you need to do to raise them on their spikes is reach underneath and spin three sprockets that in turn force the spikes down onto the floor, simultaneously raising the castors so they don’t touch the floor. And if you don’t want the spikes to damage your floor, you can place ‘spike cups’ underneath each spike. You don’t have to buy these from a furniture shop either: B&W supplies them with each pair of speakers, in fact they’re not only supplied—B&W has cleverly integrated these spike cups into the cabinet design so they’re stored underneath the cabinet whenever you’re not using them, making them impossible to accidentally misplace. When I first fired up the B&W 800 D3s I was already anticipating that the gloriously spine-tingling high-frequency sound of the diamond tweeter would grab my attention, as it always has when I’ve auditioned B&W models using it on previous occasions. So I was shocked to find that with the B&W 800 D3s this was most definitely not the case. What grabbed my attention the instant the music started was that I was suddenly no longer in my own listening room, but in a concert hall. It was as if the acoustic characteristics of my room had changed, so that my overwhelming impression was of having a sense of their being a huge space. Just as in a concert hall, even before the music starts, you can ‘hear’ the size of the hall you’re in, with the B&W 800 D3s, I was hearing that size… the music was no longer constrained to the physical dimensions of my listening room. This is the first time I’ve experienced this sense of space so acutely. Then there was the glorious sound of Jane Peters’ violin (I was playing Tchaikovsky’s Violin Concerto Op 35) beautifully contrasted against the orchestra. No shrillness here, just crystal clarity to her violin’s tone and its extraordinarily resonant sound, even when fully stopped. I was also immediately aware that I was not hearing the left and right speakers at all. Right from the outset I found myself totally immersed in the musical experience. With speakers I have auditioned previously, it has taken me a little listening time to make this transition. Even with the very best speakers, it’s always taken a few minutes… and with some speakers, it’s never happened. With the B&W 800 D3s, there was no transition time at all: the effect was immediate. Switching to a piano concerto (Grieg’s A Minor, Op 16) I was taken aback by the sheer impact of the kettledrum introduction to the first movement (allegro molto moderato), which is punctuated by a full orchestral climax, and then even more taken aback by Simon Tedeschi’s take on what is possibly the most famous piano flourish in classical music, particularly when he attacks the bottom-most notes on the keyboard. The sound from the B&W 800 D3s was effortless—despite the fact that I was playing the work at concert-hall volume levels. The piano sounded ‘just right’ with its tone totally accurate across all the octaves. The orchestra’s sound was also completely full and powerful. Imaging from the B&W 800 D3s was perfect: the best stereo imaging I’ve ever heard. Listening to the ethereal soprano voice of Sara Macliver as she sang the Pie Jesu from Faure’s Requiem was like being transported to a higher plane. I’d like to say it was as if she and Sinfonia Australis were playing in my living room (they’d just fit), but no, I once again had been transported to the concert hall, with all the musicians perfectly positioned and Macliver’s perfectly-pitched voice centre-stage, but with the harmonics seeming to float through the hall. Her voice also revealed that the transition of sound from the midrange driver to the diamond tweeter is seamless: it’s as if all the sound is issuing from a single full-range driver—it’s impossible to detect the point at which the sound transitions from the midrange driver to the tweeter. Stevie Wonder’s Superstition has always been a favourite of mine, and through the 800 D3s, that spare kick drum/cymbal intro got my blood pumping even before that great syncopated keyboard riff stabs in. The B&Ws reproduced the biting, cutting, sound of the guitar brilliantly, and when Stevie chimes in with ‘very superstitious, writing’s on the wall’ it was as if he were there in the listening room. But as if to prove that good speakers will always reveal a bad mix, You Are The Sunshine of My Life was delivered too accurately (if there’s even such a thing) as they made very obvious the weird phasing effects that go on for about the first twenty bars. One dares to say that if this track had been monitored using 800 D3s it might have ended up sounding completely different! As I noted when I reviewed the B&W 802 D3s, the 800 D3s’ dispersion is unbelievably good, thanks to the almost flat-faced FST driver and that it’s essentially baffle-less, so there are none of the response aberrations, reflections and timing errors that occur when a midrange driver is mounted on a baffle. The result is a sound-field that was suspended in my listening room so three-dimensionally that the sonic ‘sweet spot’ was almost everywhere. One big difference between the 802 D3 and the 800 D3 that I noted straight away was the improvement in the deep bass. I thought the 802’s bass was fabulous, but the 800 D3’s bass is better again, not just for the way it extends lower-down into the low frequencies, but also for the way seems to have a better ‘grip’, so that I ‘felt’ the bass as a physical presence in the room to a greater extent… as well as hearing it. It would thus appear that their bass power and extension are amongst the reasons the 800 D3 is able to deliver that sense of acoustic space I noted as my ‘first impression’ when listening. But that sense of acoustic space is also helped by the 800 D3’s treble response, which is as clear and pure as I recalled from the 802 D3: very smooth and mannered, such that there’s none of the ‘tizz’ in the extreme highs that is the signature of most hard-domed tweeters, yet without missing out on any high-end musical detail, or on any ‘air’ around that detailing. In the world of high-end loudspeakers, manufacturers use many methods to convince consumers of the superiority of their particular acoustic creation. Some use physical size, others use sculptural devices, while a few of them provide myriad complex adjustments to encourage ‘listener participation’. Regrettably, an increasing number of manufacturers are rather crudely just attaching unjustifiably high price tags to inferior products in an attempt to fool consumers into thinking that because their products are expensive, they must somehow be ‘better’ simply because they cost more. B&W has employed an entirely different selling strategy with the 800 D3. It has created a loudspeaker whose sound speaks for itself. Audition a pair and they’ll speak to you. They’ll say: ‘We’re the best speakers you’ve ever heard!’ And in another bonus for Australian buyers, the fact that B&W recently set up its own wholly-owned subsidiary in Australia means that it now doesn’t have to pay another company to distribute its products, which has in turn resulted in price reductions across the entire range, and most particularly in the retail price of the 800 D3s, which has dropped significantly. The B&W 800 D3s are still expensive, of course, but at least—like that classic television advertisement—you’ll be able to tell your significant other how much you’ve saved by waiting. Labratory results Newport Test Labs measured the frequency response of the B&W 800 D3 as extending from 28Hz to 28kHz ±3dB, which is an outstanding result and very close to B&W’s spec of 15Hz to 28kHz ±3dB. This response is shown in Graph 1, where the trace below 1kHz is the averaged result of nine individual frequency sweeps measured at three metres using a pink noise test stimulus with the central grid point on-axis with the tweeter and with the capture unsmoothed. This response has been spliced using post-processing to the gated high-frequency response (measured at a single point at one metre directly on-axis with the B&W 800 D3’s tweeter while its protective cover was in place). You can see that the ±3dB variation is caused by roll-off in the low frequencies (below 30Hz). If we restrict the measurement to within the audio band, the trace shows that Newport Test Labs measured the frequency response of the B&W 800 D3 as 20Hz – 20kHz ±2.5dB… obviously an exceptionally flat and linear response. Note, too, that the response is balanced across the audio spectrum, with no ‘tilt’ that would tend to make the speaker sound a little bassy or a little bright. The response is also very uniform, without any real peaks or dips other than one at 9kHz… and this is at such a high frequency, so small and covers such a narrow bandwidth that I do not believe it would be audible. Graph 2 shows the low-frequency response of the B&W 800 D3 measured by Newport Test Labs using a near-field measurement technique that simulates the result that would be obtained in an anechoic chamber. The bass drivers’ response (green trace) is extraordinarily extended, stretching all the way down to 50Hz before starting to roll off, which is around an octave further than most bass drivers manage. And where the bass drivers do start rolling off, you can see the output of the port (the red trace) coming into play with the port’s output peaking at around 27Hz. The output of the port rolls off smoothly either side of this peak, which is good, and although there’s some ‘leakage’ of high frequencies through the port at around 400Hz and around 1kHz, it’s so low in level that it would not be audible. The midrange driver’s response is also superbly flat and linear. Graph 1 (Image credit: Bowers & Wilkins) The impedance of the B&W 800 D3 drops to 3Ω at 350Hz and 700Hz—a low impedance that B&W acknowledges in its specification. However, whereas B&W specs the ‘nominal’ impedance of the 800 D3 at 8Ω, you can see from the trace on Graph 3 that the impedance is lower than 8Ω between 52Hz and 1.5kHz (which covers almost all the fundamentals frequencies that occur in music) and then also below 8Ω between 6kHz and 40kHz. This would suggest to me that you’d be better off considering the B&W 800 D3 as being nominally a 4Ω design… or perhaps 6Ω. The very low impedance at high frequencies means that if you use a Class-D amplifier, it will have to be one of the newer designs that’s tolerant of such loads. And since the impedance stays mostly below 4Ω from 70Hz to 900Hz, any amplifier you use will need to have a high output current capability. The minima in the trace at 25Hz suggests that B&W is being a bit optimistic with its claim for extension to 15Hz. The phase angle (blue trace) swings a little more than I am used to seeing, but it’s mostly contained within ±60°, so it won’t trouble any good-quality amplifier. The traces showing the low-pass and high-pass sections of the 800 D3 (the pink and green traces) show that the electrical crossover is at around 500Hz. Newport Test Labs measured the sensitivity of the B&W 800 D3 as 89.5dBSPL at one metre, for a 2.83Veq input, under its standard test protocol, a figure that is only very slightly lower than B&W’s specification of 90dBSPL… and so close to it that the difference is inconsequential. It also means that the B&W 800 D3 is remarkably efficient for such a large speaker with such a flat and extended frequency response and further means it will perform well even with low-powered amplifiers… though I would not recommend using any amplifier with a power output of lower than 100-watts per channel, just to ensure you can make the most of the 800 D3’s dynamic capabilities when playing at higher listening levels. The B&W 800 D3 returned a flatter, more extended frequency response than any other non-DSP corrected loudspeaker Newport Test Labs has ever measured, and did so whilst maintaining high efficiency. It’s a design that B&W’s engineers are no doubt very proud of… and if I were on B&W’s design team, I would be very proud too. Best CD players 2021: CD players for every budget Best high-end record players 2021: ultimate premium turntables	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5683
__label__wiki	0.645479	0.645479	Welwyn Hatfield Times > News > Education �4m plan to move Hatfield special needs school – temporarily Ross Logan Published: 12:58 PM May 20, 2011 Updated: 8:12 PM November 3, 2020 PLANS to temporarily move a special needs school in order to build the Hatfield incinerator have been discussed by Hertfordshire County Council. A report into possibly relocating Southfield School while improvements are made to the access road to New Barnfield – where the �200m incinerator will be built – was considered by the council’s cabinet on Monday. The scheme, which would cost the council almost �4m, would see the school move to the former Howe Dell School site in Old Rectory Drive for three years, before moving back to Travellers Lane once work is complete. With Veolia yet to submit a finalised scheme, the county council has advised the company to be mindful of Southfield School, and if possible, to carry out the building work outside of school hours. But if an agreement cannot be reached, the school would have to be moved – to avoid any problems with Veolia’s planning application. And at an estimated cost of �3.9m, even officers are aware that the scheme “represents poor value for money”. “It is only being considered in the context of the bigger financial risk of preventing the granting of planning permission for the waste incinerator,” the report reads. “The preferred option would be for the temporary relocation not to be required as a result of careful consideration by Veolia of design and construction plans.” This week, newly-elected Hatfield Town councillor Dean Archer condemned the scheme. “I think it’s outrageous,” councillor Archer said. “We shouldn’t even be having a discussion about an incinerator in Hatfield, nevermind moving a special needs school into portable cabins. “There won’t be enough room on that site to for all the cars and buses that take the children to school. “I’m appalled and I will do what I can to stop both the school being moved and the incinerator itself.”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5685
__label__wiki	0.646872	0.646872	City of Willits settles ADA lawsuit Upgrades to City Hall complete Willits City Hall ADA upgrades include actuators at all entrance doors. Photo by Aura Whittaker By Aura Whittaker \| awhittaker@willitsnews.com \| Willits News PUBLISHED: May 2, 2019 at 11:51 a.m. \| UPDATED: May 2, 2019 at 11:52 a.m. A lawsuit filed against the City of Willits in February of 2018, naming former city manager Adrienne Moore and former city building official John Sherman as co-defendants, reached a settlement agreement less than a year later. The case, presented by attorney Tom Frankovich on behalf of plaintiff Jeanette Brown, who uses a wheelchair, alleged violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) pertaining to Willits City Hall and other City properties. Although the City denied the allegations and does not admit liability, it agreed to upgrade various ADA aspects of the building over the course of a year. Current Willits City manager Stephanie Garrabrant-Sierra said she is grateful an agreement could be reached that pleased both parties in the lawsuit. She said the city is happy with the ADA improvements that were made and believes they have benefited the entire community. The ADA, which was made law in 1990, is classified as a civil rights law and “prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.” The law was designed to make sure people with disabilities have the same rights and equal opportunities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, government services, and telecommunications. As part of the settlement agreement, the plaintiff was awarded $156,500 for damages, attorney fees, and other costs. As set forth in the Injunction Relief Terms, the City has completed the following: installation of a second door opening actuator pad directly below each of the existing actuators at both the interior and exterior location of the entrance doors of City Hall; replacement the double doors leading to the service counter at City Hall with a single, manually-operated 36-inch wide door with an automatic closer; construction of a new all-gender fully-compliant restroom opposite the restrooms at City Hall and modify signage to direct users to the new all-gender restroom; and maintenance of the service counter at a height no higher than 34 inches from the floor. Additional terms state that Brown agreed to withdraw any claims against the ADA compliance at the Willits Police Station, if the Willits Police Department (WPD) provided annual training to all law enforcement officers regarding disabled parking violations on private property. The terms also state that the City shall “take reasonable steps” to resolve disable parking complaints, as well as continue tracking complaints regarding disabled parking and tickets issued and maintain records for at least five years. “I think all too often cities such as Willits take for granted that they’re not going to follow the ADA act, especially small cities far from large cities,” said Frankovich. “What (the city) did was the first part of what’s mandated by the act and then put the plan on the shelf back in 2006. If it wasn’t for the lawsuit, the City Hall would still be inaccessible. Whether they make the rest of the changes, remains to be seen… I think they got a good message though.” Aura Whittaker \| Reporter Aura Whittaker has been in the newspaper business for about a decade. She learned the craft from the ground up as a proof reader and photo editor. and eventually put her health and fitness background to good use in a wellness column. After a move to Mendocino in 2015, she began freelance reporting for The Willits News and stepped up as city editor in 2018. awhittaker@willitsnews.com	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5687
__label__wiki	0.655393	0.655393	Watch Ashfall (2019) Online Stagnant since 1903, at an elevation of 9000′, a volcano erupts on the mythical and majestic Baekdu Mountain. Director: Byung-seo Kim, Hae-jun Lee Actors: Bae Suzy, Ha Jung-woo, Jeon Hye-jin, Kim Si-a, Lee Byung-hun, Lee Kyung-young, Ma Dong-seok Godzilla 2000: Millennium (1999) An independent group of researchers called the Godzilla Prediction Network (GPN) actively track Godzilla as he makes landfall in Nemuro. Matters are further complicated when a giant meteor is discovered… Victor Crowley (2017) Ten years after the events of the original movie, Victor Crowley is mistakenly resurrected and proceeds to kill once more. Genre: Action, Comedy, Horror, Thriller The Adventures of Ford Fairlane (1990) Ford “Mr. Rock n’ Roll Detective” Fairlane is experiencing problems, and it’s not with the opposite sex. One of them is that all the rock stars pay him with drum… Genre: Action, Adventure, Comedy, Crime, Music, Mystery, Thriller Showdown (1993) Ken has just moved from Kansas with his mother. He talks to a girl named Julie, not knowing that her boyfriend Tom is very possessive of her. Tom is learning… Equalizer 2000 In a bleak, postnuclear future world, warring factions struggle to claim the Equalizer 2000, the one weapon powerful enough to guarantee survival. Country: Philippines, USA An English cat burglar needs a Eurasian dancer’s help to pull off the perfect heist. Genre: Action, Comedy, Crime Peninsula (2020) A soldier and his team battle hordes of post-apocalyptic zombies in the wastelands of the Korean Peninsula. Taxi 4 (2007) Before being extradited to Africa to stand trial, a notorious Belgian criminal is entrusted to the Marseilles police department for less than 24 hours. But the wily crook convinces bumbling… Genre: Action, Comedy, Crime, Family 9 Deaths of the Ninja (1985) A group of drug runners/freedom fighters has kidnapped a busload of tourists in the Philippines and is threatening to kill them all if one of their partners is not released… Underworld: Rise of the Lycans (2009) A prequel to the first two Underworld films, this fantasy explains the origins of the feud between the Vampires and the Lycans. Aided by his secret love, Sonja, courageous Lucian… Genre: Action, Fantasy Titan A.E. (2000) A young man finds out that he holds the key to restoring hope and ensuring survival for the human race, while an alien species called the Drej are bent on… Genre: Action, Adventure, Animation, Family, Science Fiction Hell Ride (2008) Hell Ride is a 2008 feature film from Larry Bishop being released under the “Quentin Tarantino Presents” banner. The film promises to be a blood and sex-soaked tale of motorcycle… Trailer: Ashfall (2019)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5689
__label__cc	0.514907	0.485093	A Better Life (2011) Watch A Better Life (2011) Online A gardener in East L.A. struggles to keep his son away from gangs and immigration agents while traveling across town to perform landscaping work for the city’s wealthy landowners. Director: Chris Weitz Actors: Bobby Soto, Carlos Linares, Chelsea Rendon, Demián Bichir, Dolores Heredia, Joaquín Cosío, José Julián Cover Me (2020) Mia Stone is faced with an eerie supernatural opportunity when a strange encounter with an eccentric man gives her a second chance at saving her company, marriage, family, and future. Genre: Drama, Family Manon of the Spring (1986) In this, the sequel to Jean de Florette, Manon (Beart) has grown into a beautiful young shepherdess living in the idyllic Provencal countryside. She plots vengeance on the men who… Country: France, Italy, Switzerland The Devil’s Candy (2015) A struggling painter is possessed by satanic forces after he and his young family move into their dream home in rural Texas. Genre: Drama, Horror, Thriller A young American studying in Paris in 1968 strikes up a friendship with a French brother and sister. Country: France, Italy, UK, USA Jonathan (2018) Jonathan is a young man with a strange condition that only his brother understands. But when he begins to yearn for a different life, their unique bond becomes increasingly tested. Genre: Drama, Science Fiction Hotel Rwanda (2004) Inspired by true events, this film takes place in Rwanda in the 1990s when more than a million Tutsis were killed in a genocide that went mostly unnoticed by the… Country: Italy, South Africa, UK Genre: Biography, Drama, History, War Don’t Knock Twice (2016) A mother desperate to reconnect with her troubled daughter becomes embroiled in the urban legend of a demonic witch. Edie (2017) To try and overcome a lifetime of bitterness and resentment, an older lady decides to climb a mountain in Scotland. Men of Honor (2000) Against formidable odds — and an old-school diving instructor embittered by the U.S. Navy’s new, less prejudicial policies — Carl Brashear sets his sights on becoming the Navy’s first African-American… Genre: Biography, Drama When unemployed dockworker Joey Coyle finds $1.2 million that fell off of an armored car, he decides to do the logical thing: take the money and run. After all, he… Genre: Comedy, Crime, Drama A Thousand Clowns (1965) Twelve-year-old Nick lives with his Uncle Murray, a Mr.Micawber-like Dickensian character who keeps hoping something won’t turn up. What turns up is a social worker, who falls in love with… Trailer: A Better Life (2011)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5690
__label__cc	0.633721	0.366279	Warren Buffet: Humblest Billionaire on Earth Considering my environment as an African where most of the rich in our society think more about themselves and immediate members of their family, I tumble on the story of humblest billionaire whose humility is stranger than fiction and so his generosity to worthy causes. This is not a billionaire in Naira and Kobo. He is a billionaire in hard currency, US Dollar. He is not a billionaire whose investments are through borrowed funds. In fact he is reputed to have recently donated $30 billion to charity to fight disease, extreme poverty and conflict across the globe. While most local rich men believe in the intimidation of their workers and people in the communities with their greediness and avarice through excessive accumulation of earthly and flamboyant personal effects, Warren Buffet an American investor and businessman is a lesson on humility and philanthropy. In spite of his huge wealth, Buffett is renowned for his unpretentious and frugal lifestyle. After a recent interview he granted CNBC, Warren Buffet, the third richest man on earth as at September 2007 (behind Carlos Slim and Bill Gates) becomes a topic of discussions on various online fora on his bizarre though emulative lifestyles. He still exudes humility and simplicity even as a billionaire in dollar’s term. Unlike typical new money bags, popular referred to in some neighborhood’s parlance as money-misses-road; he doesn’t show off with flashy cars and intimidating mansions all over the place. According to a report, he lives in the same small 3-bedroom house in mid-town Omaha, which he bought after he got married 50 years ago. He says that he has everything he needs in that house. Amazingly, it is reported that he drives his own car everywhere and does not have a driver or security people around him. Because of his genuine love and tremendous financial and moral supports he offers to the needy and humanity around the world, he doesn’t fear danger as his house does not have a wall or a fence. The report adds that “he does not socialize with the high society crowd. His past time after he gets home is to make himself some pop corn and watch Television” If that is incredibly unbelievable, then take this: “Warren Buffet does not carry a cell phone, nor has a computer on his desk and never travels by private jet, although he owns the world’s largest private jet company.” Yet with an estimated current net worth over US$50 billion, his 2006 annual salary of about $100,000 is infinitesimal by all standards compare to remuneration of other CEOs in similar and relatively smaller companies. There is also a report that Bill Gates, the world’s richest man met him for the first time only 5 years ago. Bill Gates did not think he had anything in common with Warren Buffet. So he had scheduled his meeting only for half hour. But when Gates met him, the meeting lasted for ten hours and Bill Gates became a devotee of Warren Buffet. Another report states that Buffet bought his first share at age 11 and he now regrets that he started too late! At age 14 he bought a small farm with savings from delivering newspapers. Today his company, Berkshire Hathaway, owns 63 companies. He writes only one letter each year to the CEOs of these companies, giving them goals for the year. He never holds meetings or calls them on a regular basis. He has given his CEO’s only two rules. Rule number 1: do not lose any of your share holder’s money. Rule number 2: Do not forget rule number 1. His popular advice to young people, which is variously quoted is that: “Stay away from credit cards and invest in yourself and Remember: Money doesn’t create man but it is the man who created money; live your life as simple as you are; don’t do what others say, just listen to them, but do what you feel is good; don’t go on brand name; just wear those things in which you feel is comfortable; don’t waste your money on unnecessary things, just spend on what you really need . After all it’s your life then why give chance to others to rule your life.” Warren Edward Buffett, popularly called “Sage of Omaha” was born on August 30, 1930 at Omaha, Nebraska). His life has a humble beginning but which is instructive to those interested in making it big in the business world without losing their sense of decency and integrity. At tender age he was known as a bookworm who read to satisfy his passion in seeking for knowledge and was good at doing complex mathematical computations in his head. He began working at his father’s brokerage at the age of 11, the year made his first stock purchase. At the age of 14, he began installing pinball machines in barber shops and spent his take to buy acres of farmland which he then rented to tenant farmers. He graduated near the top 20 in his class at the age of 16. He attended Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania before he transferred to the University of Nebraska. He obtained a Master’s degree in economics from Columbia University. Last year he made a commitment to give away his fortune to charity, with 83% of it going to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, instead of creating a foundation on his own name. The donation amounts to approximately $30 billion. The foundation’s mission is to enhance healthcare, reduce extreme poverty, and expand educational opportunities and access to information technology, especially in developing countries including Nigeria. There is a lesson to learn from this devoted family man who believes in the equality of men and service to humanity. If a very wealthy, from all indices, still lives a simple life and works assiduously to support others why are other the less mortals derive joy in oppressing and harassing the poor and the less privileged citizens in the society? The world is a transit. Therefore let us work towards living behind legacies of love, care, compassion and sacrifice for others. That is what differentiates the wealthy man from a richman. This article by Yushau A. Shuaib was originally published in New Nigerian December 14, Weekly Trust December 22, Daily Sun December 25, 2007 and Daily Independent January 18, 2008 billionaire warren buffet Shekarau: Speaking The Language Of The People General Akilu and Philanthropic School of Moral Features • Politics • Profiles Abba Kyari, Maryam Danna and Reputation Management Ile-Arugbo: Beyond the Politics of Saraki-Abdulrazaq... Politics • Profiles Memo to Sambo Dasuki on 4th Year in Illegal Detention... Sadiya Farouq: Agenda-Setting for Nigeria’s... Features • Profiles General Magashi and the National Security Agenda- By...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5695
__label__cc	0.507302	0.492698	An introduction to the history of gladiatorial contests An introduction to the three major perspectives in sociology An introduction to the history of champ programming Home writing introductions to argumentative essays Introduction to philippine airlines an ojt Introduction to philippine airlines an ojt Gordon Hill, Chief of Information. Luke Air Force Base is located ten miles west of the city. He worked in the news department, and also hosted a Country-Western radio show. Sat, 27 Aug He joined the Army inand liked it so much that he stayed with it for the next four decades; then he returned to Maine. The island, which is connected to the mainland by three bridges, is a popular vacation destination for tourists who visit Bar Harbor and Acadia National Park. One of his employees was a young lady named Janina Sikorsky, originally from Hightstown, New Jersey, and on 25 September Richard and Janina were married. The skillful pilot expertly landed the aircraft in such manner that the bomb did not explode. The Ahasteens have two daughters and two grandchildren. He was survived by wife Margaret, three daughters, and four granddaughters. My military experience was a real plus; both professionally and personally. The funeral team was dispatched to Abilene, Kansas, where I assisted in operating the press center, one of the greatest personal and professional experiences of my life. Linda Rader Overman http: Before his tour was over, he had relocated up north to Detachment 2 in Da Nang. On the second day we were trained on what to do in the manual system. They became great friends and are in some of the photos. Tino was born 5 Octoberthe son of Mr. Akin of Mounds, Illinois, in the extreme southern tip of the state. Dad participated in many actions in the Mediterranean Theater, receiving a Bronze Star for the invasion of Florence, Italy. In October he arrived in Saigon, where he became the "all night man" as host of the "Orient Express. Although first assigned as a combat correspondent, he was soon sent to AFVN in Saigon where he worked as a SP4 in television production. He became a full-time retiree inand he and wife, Lilia, resided in Aurora, Colorado with easy access to conveniences offered by Buckley Air Force Base. We were then invited to their party. The plane could not safely land, and the pilot ordered Mike and the other crewman to bail out, which they did promptly. In addition to wife Lilia, the Chief Master Sergeant was survived by six daughters, a son, and 11 grandchildren. Today, Hansen makes his home in Arizona with wife Elizabeth. In that disastrous and strenuous week the unforgettable part was when my classmate cried and I almost had a teary eye then because the airplane departed late due to some error in using manual system. And, I say "honor" because I got the opportunity to work with some of the greatest talent in the field of broadcasting at a time when radio still had personality and television was beginning to find its place in society. Akey died 11 years later to the day on 24 Januaryand was laid to rest at his side. In early FebruaryRichard visited his doctor, complaining of back pain. His childhood included several years at Peekskill Military Academy, where he was roommates with actor Lee Marvin. Philippine Airlines, in its effort to contribute to the development of the youth by honing the skills they will find useful for future employment, shall accommodate students who are required to undergo office training as a prerequisite for graduation under a Student Training Program. Introduction to Philippine Airlines: An OJT Report. or any similar topic specifically for you. Do Not Waste Your Time. HIRE WRITER. Thus, the application of what one has absorbed and acquired after several years of studying in school is an entailment for the justification of the real sense of education. A part of the college curriculum which is. Airline On-the-Job-Training: Basis for an Enhanced Tourism Internship Program Rochelle C. Velasco, Menchie B. Baculo, Ian M. Villalobos & Diosa G. Leynes INTRODUCTION An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Philippine Airlines (Cargo), Cebu Pacific Air, Manila International. Apr 05, · My ojt in Philippine Airlines Training Center // created at izu-onsen-shoheiso.com Narrative Report (OJT) – Philippine Airlines Internship or on the job training is one way by which we students are given an opportunity to apply the theories and computations that we have learned from school. It also helps us to obtain applicable knowledge and skills by performing in actual work setting. Oct 13, · Due to lack of time, we went directly to the Branch Manager of Philippine Airlines, Roxas City and submit a letter for approval in conducting an OJT in their organization. 9 responses to “ Narrative Report (OJT) – Philippine Airlines ” Pingback: OJT Experience «Marj16’s Weblog. Introduction chapter master thesis format An introduction to the issue of chlamydia Introduction to life styles inventory Shakespeare othello essay introduction Introduction to finals 2 Www argumentative essay Introduction to the mining industry An introduction to bisexuality An introduction to the analysis of trigonometry An introduction to the analysis of transpersonal paradigm Aviation Jobs Philippines: OJT	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5698
__label__wiki	0.681104	0.681104	Posted on Tuesday 7th of July 2020 01:10:03 PM This article is about gay male pen pals. If you ever wanted to find out more about dating girls from the the philipines, this is for you. Read more of gay male pen pals: How to Get the Gay Boyfriend If you are straight male, you will never feel more lonely. Gay men and bisexuals have more in common with each other than straight men. They also share a common desire to be loved and accepted by a woman who will always take care of them. And it would be so easy to make a relationship with this group of people. But when I see these two groups of people being so close and so different, it reminds me of a story from ladyboy makati the film "Wedding Crashers". The two characters, Chris and Mike, have a good chemistry as a single gay couple, and are both very happy and in love. But, Mike's girlfriend, Jill, has been dating a girl named Jillian for a while. It's been a while since they have talked about it, so Chris and Jillian decide to go to the big party Jillian is attending. While they are there, Jillian and Jillian's ex-boyfriend Chris, who has a crush on Jillian, also arrive. When Mike comes into the picture, he tries to convince Jillian to go with him and Mike to the party, so he can finally tell her that she has a boyfriend. After the party ends, they have a short conversation and Jillian comes out to Chris and Mike, and Chris tells Jillian that she isn't his girl and they have to keep their relationship a secret. When they get home and realize that Jillian has changed her mind, Chris, who has been looking for a new girlfriend for a while, and Jillian, are in a relationship. Chris is surprised by his newfound girlfriend, and he decides to be open about his feelings. Mike finds out that Chris is gay when he sees him kiss Jillian asian dating international at a party. When Jillian's family starts to find out about Jillian's relationship with Chris, and he starts to get really angry, Jillian has to go to the party and be a good girlfriend to Mike. When Chris and Jillian start a relationship, Jillian gets to tell Mike that she isn't his girl and Chris has to tell Jillian what she did to get him to do it. When Mike is telling Jillian that Chris is gay, he tells Jillian that he knows that she has a boyfriend naga male but she told Chris not to tell her, because she didn't want to break their relationship up. Mike starts to tell Jillian about the way Chris acts and the way he treats other people and Jillian tells him that she won't be his girlfriend anymore, and that she will only sleep with him if he is gay. When Chris finds out about his girlfriend Jillian, Jillian gets a job at an office. When Chris is getting ready to tell Jillian about his gay status, Jillian is having problems getting the message to get up pinoy lovers and leave so Chris tells her that she can tell the person she likes. He is not allowed to be with other people if he is gay, and he is only allowed to have sex with Jillian if she wants him to. Jillian ends up having average height australian man to call off her date with him and Chris can't tell her what he wants to do because he is not gay, but he knows that Jillian has made a mistake and will be cupid date upset if he tells her. Jillian can't tell Chris he's gay because he doesn't really know if he is gay or not, and he doesn't know that it would make her upset. Jillian eventually tells him that she loves him and has fallen in love with him. They end up dating and having sex, and Jillian decides to go back to work at the office, while Chris stays with Jillian. Eventually, they decide to try for a baby, but Chris gets fired after he makes a joke that he likes a guy. Chris has his job again and is dating another guy, and then he and Jillian decide to get married and have a baby. This is where Chris realizes that being gay isn't a good idea and he tries to go back to being straight. Jillian tries to help Chris be straight by trying to convince him to stop dating other guys, but Jillian is having second thoughts. Jillian is pregnant and decides to keep it a secret from Chris so he can finish his school. Jillian is pregnant with Chris' child and Chris realizes that he has an issue with being gay and starts having a secret fight with Jillian about what he should do about it. Meanwhile, the baby, who is still being kept a secret by the police, is becoming very sick and gets transferred to a different hospital, which is now run by a gay couple named Jeff and Eric. Chris is not sure that he should keep the baby, and he begins to get scared that Jillian might hurt it. The baby is still in a little hospital with no doctors, nurses, or even a toilet. Jillian has been secretly trying to get pregnant, and she does her best by having the baby stay in the hospital so she can get it fixed up while the baby is still being cared for. Jillian also has to deal with the fact that Chris is going through a divorce and can't come in with philipinoteens the baby for the baby's sake. Jillian has to help Chris come to terms with having the baby, but the baby gets to go back to the hospital while she is dealing with it. Meanwhile, a man named Mike has an affair with Jillian, so he tries to blackmail Jillian and Chris. However, Jillian has a secret plan to make it seem like Chris is involved in the affair. However, before Jillian can get Mike to talk, Jillian gets a call from the police, saying that Mike and Jillian have a date, and that she would be there if he did.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5699
__label__wiki	0.897362	0.897362	ANSA Motorsports’ Drivers Nico Jamin, Ricco Shlaimoun, Looking to Shine at VIR By SRO Motorsports America StaffApril 26, 2017GTS Class, SprintX, Team News A few hours following last weekend’s LMP3 event at Barber Motorsports Park, ANSA Motorsports was already prepared to start a new race week in a different series, this time in the Pirelli World Challenge at Virginia International Raceway, in Alton, Virginia. Rounds 3 and 4 of the 2017 Pirelli World Challenge GTS championship are scheduled April 28-30 on the grueling 17-turn, 3.27-mile VIR road course. Alain Nadal’s Miami Gardens, Florida, racing team, which started the 2017 Pirelli World Challenge GTS championship season with Frankie Montecalvo and Bill Ziegler at St. Petersburg, Florida, last March, is coming to VIR with two new drivers and the desire to shine and get good results. ANSA Motorsports finished second in the 2016 Pirelli World Challenge GTS team championship, and its driver, Brett Sandberg, won the 2016 driver championship behind the wheel of his KTM X-Bow GT4. After two rounds raced at St. Pete, the team sits fourth in the 2017 PWC team championship. ANSA Motorsports had to select two new drivers for this event, Nico Jamin and Ricco Shlaimoun, to drive its No. 13 and No. 25 KTM X-Bow GT4s. The 2015 USF2000 champion, Frenchman Jamin, who now lives in Indianapolis, Indiana, will drive the No. 13 KTM X-Bow GT4 at VIR. This is Jamin’s first-ever race in a KTM GT4, his first laps around VIR and his debut race in the Pirelli World Challenge. Last week, Jamin, who is now one of the season drivers for Andretti Autosport in the 2017 Indy Lights championship, won round 3 at Barber and finished third in round 4. The very versatile Jamin, 21, who can race and win in any type of race car, already competed for ANSA Motorsports this season and made history at Sebring, winning the first two inaugural IMSA Prototype Challenge LMP3 races organized in North America. He is now ready for his first PWC race. “I am very happy to be back behind the wheel of one of the ANSA Motorsports’ race cars,” Jamin said. “We’ve had a lot of success together recently in LMP3, and this will be a new experience for me on the KTM GT4 in World Challenge. I have never driven this race car before, and I have never been to VIR either, so it will be a whole new experience for me, but it should be fun! I’d love to bring more trophies to display in Alain Nadal’s shop.” Like Jamin, Shlaimoun, from Irvine, California, will make his racing debut in the Pirelli World Challenge at VIR, where he will drive the No. 25 KTM X-Bow GT4 in the GTSA class. Shlaimoun is a very talented, young driver, who has already competed at the highest level in karting since 2015 and won two national championships in 2016. He tested several open-wheel and GT cars, including the ANSA Motorsports KTM X-Bow that he will drive this week at VIR. “I’m excited about my first Pirelli World Challenge GTS race this weekend,” Shlaimoun said. “It’s a huge deal, and I have a lot riding on it. Since I am only 14, there is a lot of pressure on me, but I have been practicing during the off season and know the KTM X-Bow race car and the VIR track well, so I am expecting a decent result. I’d like to thank everyone who helped me on my journey so far. Without you all, I could not have come this far.” Nadal is excited to see his new racers in action at VIR. “I am pleased to have Nico and Ricco drive our two KTM X-Bows at VIR. This is an excellent opportunity to race in the very competitive Pirelli World Challenge GTS championship, and I am looking forward to great on-track battles and hoping for podium positions,” Nadal said. To follow ANSA Motorsports, Nico Jamin and Ricco Shlaimoun at VIR: Promoter Test Day: Thursday, April 27 Practice: 9:40 -10:20 a.m. and 1:40 – 2:30 p.m. EDT Friday, April 28 Qualifying: 10:15 -10:30 a.m. EDT Saturday, April 29 Round 3 (50 minutes): 2:10 p.m. EDT Saturday, April 29 Round 4 (50 minutes): 11:10 a.m. EDT Sunday, April 30 Follow the live timing and scoring at http://www.tsl-timing.com/event/171706/. The VIR PWC GTS event will be telecast on CBS Sports network on Sunday, May 14, at 5 p.m. EDT. Follow ANSA Motorsports on Facebook.com/ansamotorsports and Twitter @AnsaMotorsports. Visit Ansamotorsports.com and on Instagram #AnsaMotorsports. Previous PostFlying Lizard Motorsports VIR Race Preview Next PostWright Motorsports Prepares for New Challenges at VIR	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5703
__label__wiki	0.647396	0.647396	Scudero v. Moran JIM E. SCUDERO, Petitioner, JEFF MORAN, et al., Respondents. ORDER AND OPINION [RE: MOTION AT DOCKET 17] JOHN W. SEDWICK SENIOR JUDGE I. MOTION PRESENTED At docket 17, Respondents filed a motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Petitioner filed a response at docket 24. Respondents filed a reply at docket 27. Oral argument was not requested and would not be of assistance to the court. Petitioner is a member of the Metlakatla Indian Community. The Metlakatla Indian Community is governed by a twelve-member Community Council and a mayor. Petitioner was a candidate for mayor in November of 2015. After he lost the election, Petitioner requested that the Community Council certify a new election based on alleged irregularities surrounding the counting of the ballots. The Community Council denied the request, and Petitioner filed a case in the Metlakatla Tribal Court challenging the validity of the November 2015 election and the Community Council's decision not to hold a new election. In a closed meeting in December of 2015, the Community Council decided that it would seek costs against Petitioner in the event the tribal court found in its favor. The tribal judge ultimately granted the Community Council's motion to dismiss the case, and the Community Council filed a motion with the court to collect costs against Petitioner in the amount of $2, 355.50, with a reservation to increase the amount as needed. Before the court ruled on the request for costs, Petitioner filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, pursuant to § 1303 of the Indian Civil Rights Act (“IRCA”), [1] asking for relief from the imposition of costs. He asserts that he “has been effectively ‘banished' from the Community through improper and vindictive imposition of fines given to him by the Community Council stemming from an illegal election.”[2] Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1), a party may seek dismissal of an action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. In order to survive a defendant's motion to dismiss, the plaintiff has the burden of proving jurisdiction.[3] Where the defendant brings a facial attack on the subject matter of the district court, the court assumes the factual allegations in the plaintiff's complaint are true and draws all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff's favor.[4] The court does not, however, accept the truth of legal conclusions cast in the form of factual allegations.[5] Where the defendant brings a factual attack-that is, where the movant challenges the substantive allegations supporting jurisdiction-the court may consider evidence outside the pleadings to determine whether jurisdiction exists.[6] “Federal courts have long recognized that Indian tribes are distinct political entities retaining inherent powers to manage internal tribal matters.”[7] However, Congress has abrogated some tribal immunity through the ICRA. Section 1302 of the ICRA extends some civil rights protections to tribe members, including equal protection and due process rights: No Indian tribe in exercising powers of self-government shall . . . (8) deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws or deprive any person of liberty or property without due process of law . . . .[8] The substantive rights set forth in § 1302 are not accompanied by a federal cause of action to remedy violations. Rather, any private right of action under the act lies in tribal court.[9] The ICRA does, however, in § 1303, make available “[t]he privilege of the writ of habeas corpus . . ., in a court of the United States, to test the legality of his detention by order of an Indian tribe.”[10] The term “detention” is “interpreted similarly to the ‘in custody' requirement in other habeas contexts, ” meaning that a petitioner under § 1303 must demonstrate “a severe actual or potential restraint on liberty.”[11] A petitioner must also exhaust tribal remedies before bringing an ICRA habeas petition.[12] Therefore, in order for this court to have jurisdiction to hear Petitioner's claim for habeas relief under § 1303, he must be (1) in custody and (2) have exhausted all tribal remedies.[13] Petitioner argues that imposing the costs of the underlying tribal court case on him without due process amounts to a severe restraint on his liberty. Indeed, “[h]abeas relief does address more than actual physical custody.”[14] Restraint of liberty includes parole, probation, and release on one's own recognizance pending sentencing and trial.[15] It can also include permanent banishment from a tribe. In Poodry v. Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians, [16] members of the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians accused members of the governing council of misconduct and then formed their own interim tribal council. The governing council decided that the members' actions constituted treason, and they were stripped of their tribal memberships, told to leave their homes, and permanently banished. The banished members then petitioned for writs of habeas corpus. The Second Circuit concluded that the permanent banishment was a sufficiently severe restraint on liberty to support federal court jurisdiction under § 1303. The Ninth Circuit examined Poodry in Jeffredo v. Macarro.[17] In Jeffredo, an enrollment committee of the Pechanga Band of the Luiseño Mission Indians disenrolled a number of its members for failing to provide the necessary lineal eligibility, and consequently, those members lost access to some tribal facilities and services. The disenrolled members petitioned for habeas relief. Like the Second Circuit in Poodry, the Ninth Circuit acknowledged that actual physical custody is not necessarily a jurisdictional requirement for habeas review under § 1303.[18] However, it concluded that loss of tribal citizenship and access to certain tribal facilities and services was not sufficiently severe to constitute detention. The court stated that unlike the petitioners in Poodry, the petitioners in Jeffredo had not been convicted of a crime and permanently banished, thereby losing all rights afforded to tribal members.[19] It noted that the petitioners had not “been arrested, imprisoned, fined, or otherwise held by the Tribe” and had not been evicted from their homes or had their movements on the reservation restricted.[20] It noted that deprivations such as the “loss of one's ‘voice' in the community, loss of health insurance, loss of access to tribal health and recreation facilities, loss of quarterly distributions to tribal members, and loss of one's place on the membership roles of the tribe” are insufficient to provide the federal court jurisdiction under ICRA's habeas provision.[21]          Given the case law and the guidance provided in Jeffredo, the court concludes that Petitioner has not suffered a severe restraint on his liberty. He has not been convicted of a crime and banished from the community as in Poodry. He has not been evicted from his home or had his movements restricted in some significant way. The council's decision to seek imposition of costs after a favorable judgment pursuant to tribal ordinances is far less severe than what the Ninth Circuit deemed insufficiently severe in Jeffredo-denial of access to certain tribal facilities and services and disenrollment in the tribe. Moreover, if the loss of one's “voice” in the community, health insurance, and quarterly distributions ...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5704
__label__wiki	0.825875	0.825875	Orangutan. Fri, 02/24/2012 - 12:27pm The Washington Post, LA Times, USA Today, NPR, Stewart, Colbert, Fox News and host of U.S. lawmakers receive threatening letters WASHINGTON — Several US lawmakers received threatening letters containing a harmless white powder, but the sender warned more missives including a “harmful material” could follow, a Senate official said. The news sparked alarm and served as a grim reminder of the 2001 anthrax attacks in which letters containing the deadly pathogen were sent to offices of two Democratic senators and several media offices. Five people were killed. The anonymous sender “has indicated that additional letters containing a powdery substance will be arriving at more Senate offices,” Senate sergeant-at-arms Terrance Gainer said in a email to staff. “Some of these letters may contain an actual harmful material,” he added, noting the missives were postmarked from Portland, Oregon. Similar letters, which included complaints about corporate influence over US politics, also were received by several US media outlets, but they did not contain any white powder, said law enforcement officials quoted by US media. The letters were received by organizations such as The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Fox News and National Public Radio, reports said. CBS News quoted a law enforcement official as saying that in missives to comedians Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert, the sender warned that 100 letters were sent to the Washington or home-state offices of US senators. Orangutan.'s blog cem Sun, 03/20/2011 - 8:48pm The wars on Iraq and Libya: Front pages from 2003 and 2011 2003 War on Iraq 2011 War on Libya Los Angeles Times, 20 March 2003 and Los Angeles Times, 20 March 2011 New York Times, 20 March 2003 and New York Times 20 March 2011 Daily Telegraph, 21 March 2003 and Sunday Telegraph, 20 March 2011 cem's blog Lullaby Academy Thu, 12/09/2010 - 1:17pm Exclusive: Key FBI whistleblower: Had WikiLeaks existed, 9/11, Iraq war ‘could have been prevented’ 9/11 Commission Bogdan Dzakovic Colleen Rowley Zacarias Moussaoui http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2010/12/exclusive-wikileaks-benefits-public-intelligence-officers/ By Nathan Diebenow Thursday, December 9th, 2010 A Time Magazine 'Person of the Year' argues WikiLeaks serves the public good A member of a group of former intelligence professionals that has rallied behind WikiLeaks suggested in a recent interview with Raw Story that the world would be a different and better place had the online secrets outlet come into existence years sooner. “If there had been a mechanism like Wikileaks, 9/11 could have been prevented,” Coleen Rowley, a former special agent/legal counsel at the FBI's Minneapolis division, told Raw Story in an exclusive interview. Lullaby Academy's blog Lullaby Academy Fri, 10/15/2010 - 8:47pm WikiLeaks and 9/11: What if? Coleen Rowley Frustrated investigators might have chosen to leak information that their superiors bottled up, perhaps averting the terrorism attacks. http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-rowley-wikileaks-20101015,0,5616717.story By Coleen Rowley and Bogdan Dzakovic If WikiLeaks had been around in 2001, could the events of 9/11 have been prevented? The idea is worth considering. The organization has drawn both high praise and searing criticism for its mission of publishing leaked documents without revealing their source, but we suspect the world hasn't yet fully seen its potential. Let us explain. There were a lot of us in the run-up to Sept. 11 who had seen warning signs that something devastating might be in the planning stages. But we worked for ossified bureaucracies incapable of acting quickly and decisively. Lately, the two of us have been wondering how things might have been different if there had been a quick, confidential way to get information out. SnowCrash Tue, 06/02/2009 - 9:40pm Governor Bush told Houston Journalist: If Elected. "I'm Going to Invade Iraq" Baker; Russ Family of Secrets Herskowitz; Mickey by Sherwood Ross Global Research, June 2, 2009 Two years before the 9/11 attacks on America, George W. Bush told a Houston journalist if elected president, “I’m going to invade Iraq.” Bush made the comments about starting an aggressive war to veteran Houston Chronicle reporter Mickey Herskowitz, then working with Bush on his book “A Charge To Keep,” later brought out by publisher William Morrow. This disclosure was uncovered by Russ Baker, an award-winning investigative reporter when he interviewed Herskowitz for his own book, “Family of Secrets” (Bloomsbury Press) about the Bush dynasty. However, Baker says, when he approached The Washington Post and The Los Angeles Times with the potentially devastating story to President Bush prior to the 2004 presidential election, they declined to publish it. SnowCrash's blog	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5706
__label__cc	0.742162	0.257838	ANR Privacy Statement The University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources (ANR) is committed to promoting and protecting the privacy rights of individuals, as enumerated in Article 1 of the California Constitution, the Information Practices Act of 1977, and other state and federal laws. It is the policy of ANR to limit the collection and safeguard the privacy of personal information collected or maintained by ANR. ANR's information management practices conform to the requirements of the Information Practices Act (Civil Code Section 1798 et seq.), the Public Records Act (Government Code Section 6250 et seq.), Government Code Sections 11015.5 and 11019.9, and other applicable laws pertaining to information privacy. ANR strives to follow these principles in collecting and managing personal information: We collect personal information on individuals only as allowed by law. We limit the collection of personal information to what is relevant and necessary to accomplish a lawful purpose of ANR. For example, we may need to know someone's address, email and telephone number, among other things, to communicate with stakeholders. Personal information, as defined in the Information Practices Act, is information that identifies or describes an individual including, but not limited to, name, Social Security number, physical description, home address, home telephone number, education, financial matters, and medical or employment history. We do not collect home, business or e-mail addresses, or account information from persons who simply browse our Internet website. ANR collects personal information about individuals through our website only if an individual provides such information to ANR voluntarily through forms or surveys. 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We only use or disclose personal information for the specified purposes, or purposes consistent with those purposes, unless we get the consent of the subject of the information, or unless required by law or regulation. The Public Records Act exists to ensure that government is open and that the public has a right to have access to appropriate records and information possessed by state government. At the same time, there are exceptions in both state and federal law to the public's right to access public records. These exceptions serve various needs including maintaining the privacy of individuals. In the event of a conflict between this Policy and the Public Records Act, the Information Practices Act or other law governing the disclosure of records, the applicable law will control. We use information security safeguards. We take reasonable precautions to protect the personal information collected or maintained by ANR against loss, unauthorized access, and illegal use or disclosure. ANR uses encryption software to protect the security of individuals' personal information during transmission of such information through ANR's websites. Such personal information is stored by ANR in secure locations. ANR's staff is trained on procedures for the management of personal information, including limitations on the release of information. Access to personal information is limited to those members of ANR's staff whose work requires such access. Confidential information is destroyed according to ANR's records retention schedule. ANR conducts periodic reviews to ensure that proper information management policies and procedures are understood and followed. ANR encourages all individuals to use appropriate safeguards to secure their computers and the information on those computers. Please note that our Privacy Policy reflects ANR's current business practices and is subject to change without notice. If you have questions or would like additional information regarding ANR's privacy policy, contact our Privacy Office at catherine.montano@ucop.edu or rgsanchez@ucanr.edu.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5710
__label__cc	0.660028	0.339972	Antiques \| Edgefield Pottery By Carolina Heartstrings+ on May 13, 2013 Pottery played a large role in earlier days. Food was prepared, served and stored in pottery. Large vessels held meat to be cured, grains, molasses and other goods. Butter churns and various service pieces were in demand. In Edgefield and Aiken counties of South Carolina there was a prolific production of pottery. Pieces from those counties are collectively known as Edgefield Pottery. A unique green-brown alkaline glaze was developed using timber ash and lime. Salt glazes were expensive and an early understanding of the dangers of lead prompted potter Dr. Abner Landrum to begin experimenting as early as 1820 with this glaze modeled after ancient Chinese glazes. is success lead to other potteries being established in the area. Prior to the Civil War almost all of the labor was provided by slaves. There became what could be considered pottery plantations. An indication of just how much pottery was produced in this area comes from 1860 census figures. The records for Edgefield County show that there were 138 slave holders and the total number of slaves owned were 24,060. This is an astonishing number and was the 4th highest in South Carolina and the 6th highest in the nation. The African influence on design and shape can be seen in many pieces. One slave in particular, Dave, is well known for possibly making up to 40,000 pieces while being owned by several potters. He is known as “Dave the Potter” and also Dave Drake. It is believed that Dave took his surname after emancipation from one of his early owners, Harry Drake, a potter. Harry Drake was a religious man that allowed his slaves to read and write. While reading was not against the law in South Carolina writing was. When Drake died in 1832, Dave, now about 32 years old, became the property of Dr. Landrum, the glaze developer. Dr. Landrum’s land had about 15 slave families and at one time was known as Landrumsville and eventually Pottersville. Dr. Landrum also had a newspaper for which Dave may have been a typesetter due to his literacy. His ability to write and the fact that he wrote on some of his pieces have made his work very desirable. It must have taken a lot of courage for a slave to reveal that he could write on items that were sold to the public. And it is interesting that he was allowed to do so by his owner. The Charleston Museum began collecting his vessels as early as 1919 and auction figures have reached into the 100s of thousands of dollars. Following are some of the verses that he inscribed: “a pretty little Girl, on a virge Volcaic mountain, how they burge” “I wonder where is all my relations Friendship to all and every nation” “the forth of July is surely come to blow the fife and beat the drum” Dave is believed to have been a large and strong man who could handle up to 50 pounds of clay and created containers that could hold up to 40 gallons. These were made in several pieces and assembled. Even with assistance it would have been a difficult undertaking. Another owner of note included Lewis Miles, again another potter. After the War the Lewis Miles Pottery continued. He had commercial kilns but allowed his workers to have a kiln for personal use. It is in this and other personal kilns and on personal time that slaves and slave descendants are believed to have made “face jugs”. An interesting episode of PBS’s “History Detectives” examines one of these jugs and experts speculate that they may have been used as grave markers or filled with contents and left on graves for spiritual purposes. They have also been found buried at front or back doors suggesting a superstitious use. The history of face jugs was taught at my daughter’s middle school where she made one in art class. A trip to The Charleston Museum is always a pleasure to view their vast collections but this last time I focused on their Edgefield Pottery exhibit. Some of their “Dave pieces” were on display and some general Edgefield artifacts. These table coasters caught my eye. What a clever idea! Today if you visit Edgefield you can stop in to the Old Edgefield Pottery or the Terry Ferrell Museum to learn more. Take home a modern day piece and start your own collection of Edgefield Pottery! Tagged with → carolina heartstrings Carolina Heartstrings Two friends… two lives… two states… one incredible connection!. One Response to Antiques \| Edgefield Pottery How fantastic! Would love to go there. Really appreciate the historical information – familiar with the name Old Edgefield but the back story is fascinating. We always learn so much from you!	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5714
__label__wiki	0.845096	0.845096	Brokeback Mountain: Our Community's Common Bond » Heath Ledger Remembrance Forum (Moderators: Ellemeno, RouxB) » Heath Ledger - News Accounts Pages: 1 [2] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 ... 109 Go Down Author Topic: Heath Ledger - News Accounts (Read 639802 times) Re: Heath Ledger Dead - News Accounts Quote from: MaineWriter on January 22, 2008, 06:32:33 pm They've updated the story at the New York Times: Actor Heath Ledger Is Found Dead By Sewell Chan Updated, 5:28 p.m. \| The actor Heath Ledger was found dead this afternoon in an apartment in Manhattan inhabited by the actress Mary-Kate Olsen, according to the New York City police. Signs pointed to a suicide, police sources said. Mr. Ledger was 28. A suicide? I don't know the facts or details about his personal life but somehow it seems unlikely, doesn't it? I think it was more an accident. I still can't believe it. Good judgement comes from experience. Experience comes from bad judgement. -Mark Twain. MaineWriter Stay the course... And the New York Times updated again... Heath Ledger, Actor, Is Found Dead at 28 Updated, 6:29 p.m. \| The actor Heath Ledger was found dead this afternoon in an apartment in Manhattan, according to the New York City police. Signs pointed to a suicide or an accidental overdose, police sources said. Mr. Ledger was 28. At 3:31 p.m., according to the police, a masseuse arrived the fourth-floor apartment of the building, at 421 Broome Street, between Crosby and Lafayette Streets in SoHo, for an appointment with Mr. Ledger. The masseuse was let in to the home by a housekeeper, who then knocked on the door of the bedroom Mr. Ledger was in. When no one answered, the housekeeper and the masseuse opened the bedroom and found Mr. Ledger naked and unconscious on a bed, with sleeping pills — both prescription medication and nonprescription — on a night table. They moved his body to the floor and attempted to revive him, but he did not respond. They immediately called the authorities. The police said they did not suspect foul play. Ellen Borakove, a spokeswoman for the office of the city’s chief medical examiner, Dr. Charles S. Hirsch, said that employees of the office were at the apartment and that an autopsy would be conducted on Wednesday. Paul J. Browne, the Police Department’s deputy commissioner for public information, initially said that the apartment was owned by the actress Mary-Kate Olsen, but later reversed himself and said that was not the case. A representative of Ms. Olsen said that the apartment did not belong to the actress. “It is not her apartment,” the representative, Annette Wolf, a publicist for Ms. Olsen, said in a phone interview. “She does not own the apartment. She has never owned the apartment. She and her sister have an apartment in New York City but they are not in this building.” Heathcliff Andrew Ledger was born April 4, 1979 to Sally Ledger, a French teacher, and Kim Ledger, an engineer. Named after the main characters of Emily Brontë’s “Wuthering Heights.” He and his older sister, Katherine, grew up in Perth, Australia; his parents were divorced when he was about 10. As a student, he joined a local theater company and appeared in a production of “Peter Pan,” which led to his being cast in children’s television programs. Mr. Ledger’s first Hollywood film was the teenage romantic comedy “10 Things I Hate About You” (1999). He later appeared in romantic-hero roles in films like “A Knight’s Tale” (2001) and “Casanova” (2005). But the role for which Mr. Ledger was probably best known by American audiences was in “Brokeback Mountain” (2005). The film, based on a short story by Annie Proulx about two cowboys who fall in love, won critical acclaim. Reviewing the film in The New York Times, the critic Stephen Holden wrote, “Mr. Ledger magically and mysteriously disappears beneath the skin of his lean, sinewy character. It is a great screen performance, as good as the best of Marlon Brando and Sean Penn.” Mr. Ledger was nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in January 2006. Mr. Ledger met the actress Michelle Williams while filming ‘’Brokeback Mountain.” The two actors fell into a romance and moved to Boerum Hill, Brooklyn, where their comings and goings were widely noted by the celebrity press. They had a daughter, Matilda Rose, who was born on Oct. 28, 2005. The couple separated last year. In an interview in London for an article published in November, Mr. Ledger told The New York Times, ‘’I feel like I’m wasting time if I repeat myself.” He said in the interview that he was not proud of his latest role, in Todd Haynes’s “I’m Not There,” in which Mr. Ledger was one of a half-dozen actors depicting the musician Bob Dylan. ‘’I feel the same way about everything I do. The day I say, ‘It’s good’ is the day I should start doing something else,” he said in the interview. Mr. Ledger had been cast as The Joker in the latest Batman installment, “The Dark Knight,” set to be released this summer. As news of Mr. Ledger’s death made its way across the Internet, the Police Department issued a fairly terse summary of the death: “ON TUESDAY, 01/22/08, AT APPROXIMATELY 1530 HOURS, IN THE CONFINES OF THE 5 PRECINCT, POLICE RESPONDED TO 421 BROOME STREET AND FOUND A M/W/28 UNCONSCIOUS. THE VICTIM WAS PRONOUNCED DOA AT THE SCENE. M.E.’S OFFICE TO DETERMINE THE CAUSE OF DEATH. INVESTIGATION CONTINUES.” Calls by The Times to Mara Buxbaum, a publicist for Mr. Ledger, and Steve Alexander, the actor’s agent, were not immediately returned this afternoon. The building at 421 Broome Street was sold in 1999 to a company called Red Tulip, L.L.C. Calls to a phone number listed for Junia Hissa Neiva, an official at Red Tulip, went to an answering machine that was full and not receiving new messages. Thomas J. Lueck and John Sullivan contributed reporting. Taming Groomzilla<-- support equality for same-sex marriage in Maine by clicking this link! LauraGigs This is just awful: first the sad news about PaintedShoes, and now this (!?!?!) THANK you Phillip and MaineWriter, for your updates -- helping us make what little sense of it that we can . . . I'm a bit pissed off at CNN and MSNBC right now. They are talking about politics. The same old political shit over and over and over and over again. I guess Heath doesn't matter much to them. Believe it or not, Fox News has been reporting more on Heath than CNN and MSNBC put together! Pitiful. Shasta542 What a terrible shock....a sad, sad day for all of us. So sad for Matilda and Heath's family. I want it to be untrue. Such a beautiful and talented young man. I hope he knew that. "Gettin' tired of your dumbass missin'!" I was just flipping through all the news channels and all the entertainment shows (for the past hour or so) trying to find any coverage and any new details. And, so, I landed on Fox for a bit. I never watch Fox, but they happened to be doing a rather long story on Heath. So, I watched. And, now I regret it. They showed footage, at least two times, of Heath's body being taken into the medical examiner's van. I will never be able to get that image out of my head now. Ever. I'm totally and completely shocked and appalled that the medical examiner's weren't more discreet. I mean, he was covered up... but it was still awfully, awfully graphic and way, way too accessible to TV cameras. Poor, poor Heath. the world was asleep to our latent fuss - bowie ednbarby I saw that image, too, and deeply, deeply regret it. Here is something of a balm for now - a surprisingly sensitive piece from AOL, of all people: http://news.aol.com/entertainment/movies/movie-news-story/ar/_a/heath-ledger-found-dead-at-home/20080122165209990002 No more beans! Quote from: ednbarby on January 22, 2008, 09:00:23 pm Thanks Friend. Geez. I think I'm going to have nightmares about that image from the news footage for a while. Quote from: atz75 on January 22, 2008, 08:53:12 pm I saw it too Amanda, and like you I'll never get that out of my head. It was disgusting, heartless, cruel and awful. I hope somebody edits that out on their future reporting. I've turned it off. I can't watch it anymore. Thank you for the link, Barb. Those were great--heartbreaking--pictures. 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__label__wiki	0.594047	0.594047	CHAMÄLEON + ONJALA OBSERVATORY DeepSky SITEMAP HOME CHAMÄLEON « back to overview Star Clusters Load higher resolution (1800 x 1200 Pixel – 3000 x 2000 Pixel) Object description Messier 45, the Pleiades in the Constellation Taurus Description of object: The Pleiades - also called the Atlantiads, the Atlantiads and the Seven Sisters - is an open star cluster, already visible with the naked eye in the constellation of Taurus. In the Messier catalogue it is called M 45, named after the Pleiades from Greek mythology. The 7 brightest stars are named after figures from Greek mythology, the Titan Atlas (hence Atlantides), his wife Pleione and their seven daughters Alkyone, Asterope, Celaeno, Elektra, Maia, Merope and Taygete. The Pleiades, who can be classified as nymphs, raised Dionysus and Zeus together. According to mythology they were pursued by the sky hunter Orion. Zeus moved the Pleiades to the sky as a constellation, but even there they are still pursued by Orion, whose constellation is located about 30° southeast of the Pleiades. In the NGC catalogue the Pleiades are not listed separately, but there are several reflection nebulae with their own NGC numbers in the Pleiades area. These include the Maja Nebula (NGC 1432) and the Merope Nebula (NGC 1435). Only about half a minute of arc from Merope is a concentration of interstellar dust known as IC 349 or Barnard's Merope Nebula. The Pleiades appear with an extension of about 2° about four times as large as the moon seen with the naked eye. The star cluster is about 445 light years away from the solar system and contains at least 1200 stars which are on average about 125 million years old. Thus it is one of the youngest open star clusters in our Milky Way and due to its proximity to the solar system also one of the best explored. In many prehistoric cultures the Pleiades were considered a special asterism. For example, a group of six drawn points in the caves of Lascaux is interpreted as a representation of the Pleiades. A very important object from Central Europe, probably used for astronomy, is the so-called Nebra Sky Disk. A group of seven closely spaced points are identified as the Pleiades. Here you will find a comprehensive article in german language (information in english language) on the astronomical interpretation of the Nebra Sky Disk. It is dated to an age between 3700 and 4100 years. « The Nebra Sky Disc. Credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nebra_Scheibe.jpg Sun Moon Solar System DeepSky Widefield Miscellaneous Spec. Projects	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5726
__label__cc	0.649004	0.350996	Tag: boy scouts RPG-ology #21: Living In the Past This is RPG-ology #21: Living In the Past, for August 2019. All four of my grandparents have died. I have also lost my father, and both of my wife’s parents are gone. I had a long list of great uncles and great aunts at one time, but it has dwindled to nothing, and of my uncles and aunts I might still have one. The five and dime at which I bought candy on my way home from school is gone, and I am one and a half hundred miles from where it once stood. There’s a long list of good friends with whom I have lost touch—Jay Fedigan, Artie Robins, Jeff Zurheide, Jack Haberer, not to mention Peggy Lisbona, Nancy Codispoti, Ann Hughes, and the girl to whom my mind often returns, on whom I had an impossible crush for two or three years beginning in second grade, Christie Newcomb. At least two of those people, all within a couple years of my age, are dead; and although I have spoken or corresponded with some within the past decade, I cannot say for certain that any one of them is still alive today. No one will be surprised that the past is disappearing into—well, into the past. That’s expected. Young people will wonder why I even mention it. You’re living in the past, old man. Get over it. Life goes forward, and will leave you behind if you don’t keep up. I know this; I can sigh and let life leave me behind, or I can keep moving forward. But I’ve got news for you. You’re living in the past, too. That talk you had with your girlfriend yesterday—that’s now in the past. Get over it; the moment has come and gone. Whatever you should have said, well, you didn’t, and you’re not going to be able to go back and fix that. You got beat up last month. It’s in the past. It’s over, and fading faster and faster into oblivion. Ten years and you might not remember his name. Twenty years and you won’t remember that it happened. Yes it hurt, and it hurts, and you’re angry and upset about it. But it’s the past now. You can’t hold on to it; you might as well let it go. That A+ you got on your math test (or was it the “letter” you received in varsity football, or the badge you earned in boy scouts, or the award you won for your picture or article)—well, that’s also in the past. Time is leaving it behind. You will eventually forget it. And everyone else will forget it long before you do. Was breakfast good today? It’s gone already. You are living in the past. Everything you know, everything you remember, everything you’ve ever said—even the thoughts you had when you started reading this article–everything is in the past. You can’t have it back. Don’t feel bad about it. It’s the same for everyone else. In fact, it’s the same for the world, quite apart from the people. I’m one of those who are often quoting C. S. Lewis. There are enough of us out here that there ought to be a DSM-IV classification for us. So you’ll probably see his name in a lot of these articles if you stay with the series. This time he comes to mind because of a very simple observation he mentioned more than once: most people are already dead. That is, of all the people ever born, only a very few are alive now. This moment in time is interesting; if you could know everything that is happening at this instant, it would overwhelm you—even if your knowledge was limited to your own town, there would be more happening this instant than you could grasp, enough ideas for a lifetime of stories. Yet when compared with the past, this instant is no time at all, a desert devoid of interest. In trying to get readers to think and create, I often focus on now. Last month’s article, entitled Pay Attention, might at first glance have seemed to have been about the past—but it was actually about capturing the present, living in the moment and learning from what is around you immediately. Writing it down served to preserve it, certainly; but it also served to force you to notice it. The present is always a source of ideas. But the ideas you can get from the present are dwarfed by those you can get from the past. Assuming you can find them. My father was a ramblin’ wreck from Georgia Tech, and a helluvan engineer. He drove a reconditioned Model-T to school, poured fifty-weight oil into the crankcase to keep the worn bearings running smoothly, and had to crank-start it by hand on cold mornings. He played fourth sax (tenor) in a dance band to help pay for college, and went to work in an electronics lab for Western Union. When he was head of the lab, he proposed “Young’s Law.” Accidents occasionally happened in the lab, usually because someone didn’t have the right piece of equipment and so tried to use the wrong piece of equipment on the theory that it really wasn’t different; the results of such experiments were always strange and confusing. My father’s law reads, “Things that are not the same are different.” He missed World War II, having been enlisted just as the war ended. All this, and more, was before my birth. He later took an interest in computers, and in the late 60’s spent a lot of time nagging the few computer tinkerers at the company to explain things to him. This led to a few courses, more investigation, and ultimately to his position as head of engineering for Western Union Data Services Corporation, where he designed systems before there were PC’s. He holds a couple of patents in focusing microwaves, but he says they really aren’t worth much because modern microwave applications rely on reflection rather than refraction. He met my mother, a New York girl, after he started work in New York; he courted her for a while. She tried to pair him off with a girl from Virginia, thinking that two slow-moving southerners would be a good match, but he wouldn’t hear of it. As for her, she got her bachelor’s degree from City College in New York at nineteen. She had skipped a lot of half-grades in the New York City schools, and excelled in math. For quite a few years she worked as an efficiency expert for, I think, General Electric. If you visited her at home, you would see the efficiency expert side of her still maintaining everything in order even now in her nineties as her grandchildren are all adults and she has a couple of great-grandchildren. She left work to raise a family, and when the youngest was old enough she returned to teaching, mostly math, as a substitute primarily although she got roped into substituting full time for several years at one point. She has always looked young; the day after her college graduation, an immigrant bought her a lollipop. When they were courting, they would ride the train together from Freeport Long Island to The City; they sat with an older man who had known my mother for some time. He did not think that the quiet, slow, polite Mississippi gentleman that was my father was at all right for my fast-paced New York mother. But one day, as my mother was yacking a mile a minute about nothing of any importance and the other two sat in silence listening, she abruptly stopped, and said, “Oh dear, I forgot what I was going to say.” Quietly my father replied, “Don’t worry, dear. You’ll think of something else.” Their companion roared with laughter, and accepted my father as the right man for my mother from then on. So, what did your parents do? Have you ever asked? Did they tell you? Their lives are fading from their memories even as you read this; and they were full of stories. Life itself is an adventure. I’d think you’d want to know about them merely because they’re your parents, and thus in some sense your story. But if not, consider it a source of game, world, and character ideas. This article has been slightly updated from Game Ideas Unlimited: Living In the Past, published at Gaming Outpost in the summer of 2001. Previous article: Pay Attention. Next article: Snow Day. adventure design Game Ideas Unlimited RPG-ology #18: Waterways This is RPG-ology #18: Waterways, for May 2019. We mentioned rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water in connection with maps when we talked about Country Roads and again when we were talking about the placement of Cities, but we barely touched on them, more from the perspective of their influence on other aspects of our maps and our worlds. Maps and worlds, though, are complicated things, in which everything influences everything, and understanding how waterways work will help us put together better maps. This is difficult for me, because so much of it seems obvious to me so I expect it will be obvious to everyone else. However, I have the advantage, as I think I mentioned in Shock, of over a thousand miles of long-haul canoeing, so I am perhaps intimately familiar with rivers and lakes and ponds and how they work. I thus hope that I’m not telling you too many obvious points, and that some of this proves to be practical. Let’s start with some terms. A river is pretty much any waterway that flows downhill. They can be big or small, swift or lazy, shallow or deep, straight or meandering, rocky or clear, in any combination. Smaller rivers are often called brooks, streams, creeks, and similar diminutive titles, but the only significant difference is the attitude of the people toward the waterway and the probability of it going dry, which rivers rarely do. Lakes and ponds are usually found as interruptions in rivers, and they are distinct from rivers in a significant way. A lake or pond is formed in essence when water pours into a natural basin and has to rise to the level of an exit point. Because of this, the surface of a lake or pond is level, while that of a river is always sloped–if you look at the accompanying photo, you can see that the downstream end is downhill. In the vernacular, lakes and ponds are generally distinguished by their size, but technically they are distinguished by their depth: a pond is shallow enough that water plants such as waterlilly pads can root on the bottom and grow on the surface, while a lake has at least some areas in which it is too deep for that. Lakes and ponds are sometimes created intentionally by the use of dams, built by people or sometimes by animals, most typically beavers. It is difficult to distinguish a sea from a lake in many cases. Seas tend to be the terminus of rivers, at least one and often several, but most of them either drain into or are contiguous with the oceans, which are also sometimes called seas but which as a word tends to refer to the vast expanses of water separating the continents. The two exceptions to the drainage rule are the Dead Sea, which is constantly evaporating and so is too salty to support marine life, and the Mediterranean, which also loses its water to evaporation but is large enough that its salinity, although elevated, is not inimical to such life, and fishing and the like are active there. (It is easy looking at a map to suppose that the Mediterranean drains into the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibralter, but the water there is mostly flowing very rapidly in the opposite direction, salt water from the Atlantic constantly replenishing the losses in the Mediterranean through what some have called the world’s largest waterfall. There is an undercurrent flowing westward as a small amount of dense saltier water goes from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, but the bulk of the volume is inflow from the Atlantic.) It is also the case that seas tend to be salty while lakes tend to be fresh, but this is not a hard and fast rule, there being a number of salt lakes in the world. Part of this is because the distinctions between lakes and seas are not made in all Indo-European languages, and English has often translated words strictly that were used loosely. A passageway that connects two bodies of water of the same or similar level is usually called a strait (or sometimes straits), usually unlike a river because water flows in and out both ends generally with the shifting tides. If it is wider or longer, it is often called a channel, but this word also refers to the best path through a river—rivers tend to carve a deeper groove through which most of the water travels, and boats and ships navigate through these deeper sections either with or against the current. In modern times, these channels are marked by buoys, red buoys to the right when traveling upstream (“Red Right Returning”), black buoys marking the other edge. A bay frequently appears as a brackish (that is, salty but less salty than the ocean) body of water connecting a river to a sea or ocean. As the tide rises, water from the ocean pours into the bay, often forcing its way upstream reversing the “normal” flow of the river; the Delaware River is brackish as far upstream as Trenton, New Jersey, about eighty miles upstream, about fifty feet above sea level, and this reverse flow is often used by ships to navigate to inland ports upriver. As the tide ebbs the bay drains into the ocean, and the river into the bay, and fresh water makes its way downstream to wash away the salt. Because of the backwash, those upstream ports have rising and ebbing tides, but these are out of phase with the coastal tides that drive them, often by as much as six or eight hours, depending on how far upriver you go. A very small bay-like inlet is usually called a cove; a lagoon generally is a type of coastal pool that fills from ocean spill when the tide rises over its banks, and then slowly evaporates, frequently not completely before being refilled. A wadi is something like a river, but significantly different. Common to inland tropics such as Africa, the wadi is a watercourse that floods and dries in a seasonal cycle. During the “rainy season” water falls in the highlands and flows down very like rivers, working downstream and gradually covering thousands of acres of ground, pooling but flowing, spreading over wide expanses of open space. Animals are aware of the seasonal cues, and migrate toward the anticipated flood; plants desiccated from drought spring to life and blossom. For a few months it is a lush wet marshy world, water plentiful, wildlife active. Then gradually it all evaporates, leaving the dry grassland to wither in the heat, as the animals scatter to places better able to support them during the drought. The water from a wadi never reaches the seas, soaking into the earth and evaporating into the air long before joining any other watercourse. Wadis do not support ship traffic or permanent settlements, because the water level is non-existent for a significant part of the year and rarely deep enough for more than the smallest craft. Swamps, marshes, bayous, and deltas all tend to be areas where a river spreads out to a shallow wide area, usually with a channel passing through it somewhere but often a confusing labyrinth of waterways leading to dead ends and shallow muck. Wadis do support marshes and swamps during their wet periods; bayous and deltas tend to be at points where the river meets the sea, and are brackish like bays. Now, this might sound obvious, but water falls from the sky. Really all of it does. Water in wells and water coming from springs is water that fell from the sky and soaked into the ground, then collected atop or between layers of rock and either sat waiting to be collected or built up pressure from gravity until it spurted through an exit. It gets into the sky by evaporation, the vast majority of this from the vast expanses of tropical oceans—if your world does not have vast tropical oceans, you will have a lot less rain, and a lot less fresh water. Evaporated water, water vapor, is held in greater quantity in denser warmer air; if the air cools or becomes depressurized, it cannot hold as much water and so releases it. This is why so much precipitation (rain and snow) falls on mountains: warm moist dense air currents are shifted upward into cooler low pressure altitudes, and can no longer hold as much water. From there it collects in streams or soaks into the ground. There is an interesting atmospheric phenomenon at this point. As water falls, it washes carbons out of the air, turning into mild carbolic acid. It has always done this; this is not a modern result of air pollution, although air pollution does contribute to it. Carbolic acid which lands on dirt and soaks into it decays and releases its carbons back into the atmosphere. That which lands on rock and flows into streams dissolves the rock, creating calcium carbonate which washes downstream into the oceans, burying the carbon for millenia. That’s not really useful to this discussion, though, so ignore it. Technically, a well is a hole dug deep enough to hit what is called the water table, the level under the ground where bedrock prevents water from seeping deeper, and so has water refilling it constantly from the surrounding lands. It is sometimes confused with a cistern, which is a dry hole usually lined with stone designed to catch rain when there is rainfall and keep it deep and cool in the ground during the dry seasons. The famed Jacob’s Well is actually a cistern. This is also obvious: water flows downhill. Because of this it is constantly “seeking” the lowest point, and that means it collects into fewer larger rivers. If it pours into a low point—call it a basin—it collects there, rising as a pond or lake until it rises over the lowest edge. A lake can have several rivers feeding it, or no rivers feeding it if it is fed by a spring or springs below its water line, but rarely does it have more than one draining it—odds are good that there will be one lowest point, and once the water starts pouring through it erosion will make that point lower. If the lake is filling faster than it is emptying, it might rise high enough to begin spilling from another point. However, most typically these are near enough each other that the streams soon join creating an island at the head of the river. If the two streams are headed in different directions, it is most commonly the case that one of the outlets will erode until all the water passes through it, the other becoming dry unless it is fed by other water sources below. Where the ground is steeper, the water moves faster and generally straighter. It follows the lowest ground, but in doing so carves the path deeper, sometimes wider, removing the dirt and softest stone. If it comes into a pocket of harder stone, it will be turned, but the turning will create swirls and eddies which often drill deep spots in the riverbed. The northern reaches of the Delaware River are frequently shallow enough to wade through, but where it turns sharply at Narrowsburg, New York, there are whirlpools during flooding and the depth at the curve is over a hundred feet deep. Rocky rapids form where the ground is too hard to erode easily and the slope is steeper, as the river becomes forced into a narrow space often between high banks and spreads over the area to become swift and shallow, the irregular bottom redirecting the current in directions difficult to predict without surveying in advance. Where the ground is less sloped, the water spreads to cover a wide path and flows more slowly, but still tends to follow the lowest ground and carve a channel. In older sections of the river these channels are often meandering, and as the water ultimately settles into them they form snake-like slow rivers with very little noticeable current, frequently surrounded by marshy ground, meadows, and flood plains. As rivers join, they become wider and deeper, and usually become straighter as the land is less able to resist the flow of the water. These wider deeper rivers which ultimately reach the sea are frequently navigable by ocean-going vessels, and as we noted are also subject to reverse flow when the tides rise, thus brackish but also easier to navigate upstream. They will carve deep sections particularly at curves and bends in the river, as in Narrowsburg, creating good ports at such curves, considerably more so than along straight paths. Upstream of a certain point ocean vessels, which have deep drafts to provide stability in rough seas, give way to shallow-draft river boats, able to navigate farther upstream. The same currents that form harbors on rivers do so where rivers hit the seas, which makes such points doubly convenient for trade, as a port there accesses both the oceans and the river. Such harbors are also created where the coastline recedes sharply, as ocean currents form eddies which create depths near the shoreline, although if the surrounding ground is low there will probably be a river outlet there, and if not the deep water is likely to be surrounded by cliffs, making for good anchorage but a bad place for a port. So to summarize, most rivers begin from streams in mountains, flowing downhill and collecting into larger rivers, forming lakes in low spots, rapids over steep rocky ground, meandering courses over flatter softer ground, ultimately becoming large enough to support riverboat trade and then ocean vessels, subject at the downstream end to tidal backflow, emptying into seas and oceans sometimes through intervening bays. Harbors form where currents have carved significant depths, usually at the mouths of the rivers and at river bends. Now you have some idea of how to put the waterways on your maps. I have omitted canals from this discussion. Men build canals usually where there are two disconnected waterway systems near enough to each other that it would be commercially profitable to be able to run boats or ships between them. Usually these involve mechanical locks which enable the control of the flow of water between the two systems, particularly if they are not at the same level, and typically because such canals often have to cross ground that is higher than either of the waterways (the reason the waterways haven’t flowed into each other). Sometimes canals are built to get around sections of a river that are not navigable, if there are navigable sections upstream of falls or rapids. They are a lot of work to build, operate, and maintain, and if neglected gradually deteriorate. Previous article: With the Odds. Next article: Treasure Auction. geography lesson map-making RPG-ology #14: Shock This is RPG-ology #14: Shock, for January 2019. About a year ago a discussion in the Christian Gamers Guild group reminded me of a couple articles I’d published in the Game Ideas Unlimited series that were lost but worth reviving. This is a recreation of the first of those. I’m pretty sure it was 1973. I was a Boy Scout and a Junior Assistant Scoutmaster in my last year as a scout before continuing as an adult leader. My father was troop committee chairman and often active in our outings, and Mr. Winkler was the Scoutmaster at the time. Rick Trover and Bob Hamer, who are both part of this story, were a year or two younger than I, and respectively Junior Assistant Scoutmaster and Senior Patrol Leader. It was the troop’s first excursion down the Delaware River, although quite a few of us had logged several hundred miles of canoeing through the Adirondacks. We knew that the river had flooded, and that the day before we arrived on the banks at Skinner’s Falls to begin our trek Cochecton, New York, a short distance upstream, had been under four feet of water. We did not know that there was a whirlpool under the Narrowsburg Bridge one day south of us. However, never having seen this part of the river before, we were unaware just how far above flood stage it was. Still, we sat in camp on the bank for two days waiting for the water to drop before someone decided that if we were actually going to canoe this river in the week we’d planned, maybe we should get moving downstream. Ricky and Bob took a canoe and headed up above the falls. I’m not sure whether someone had authorized this. I first became aware of it when people were shouting and I joined the race to the shore to watch them coming down fast from the waters above the falls into the worst possible spot. Let me describe what we saw Read more	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5727
__label__cc	0.518201	0.481799	Home > News > Content Yunnan vows to further develop its roles as opening-up deepens Updated：2021-01-13 15:38:47 Yunnan Gateway In January, 2015, President Xi Jinping suggested the “One Great Leap”,“Three Roles” and “Five Focuses” for the development of Yunnan during his inspection tour in the province. “One Great Leap” refers to a way of leapfrog development. “Three Roles” suggests that Yunnan needs to make effort to further develop its roles as an example for ethnic unity, a pacesetter in eco-conservation, and China’s new pivot of opening-up facing South and Southeast Asia. “Five Focuses”, on the other hand, highlights the significance of maintaining a stable and healthy economic development, encouraging ecological and environmental protection, setting examples for ethnic unity, as well as enhancing the role of CPC in social organization. In January 2020, President Xi Jinping arrived in Yunnan for another inspection. And he expected the province to further develop its roles as an example for ethnic unity, a pacesetter in eco-conservation, and China’s new pivot of opening-up facing South and Southeast Asia.President Xi’s suggestions in his inspection tours have become the guidelines to the development of Yunnan. The CPC Yunnan Provincial Committee and Yunnan Government have vowed to serve the national plans and promote high-quality development. Under the leadership of the Yunnan Party Committee and Provincial Government of Yunnan, ethnic areas in the province have seen great improvement in terms of socioeconomic conditions. Economic statistics of ethnic areas Between 2015 and 2019, Yunnan’s ethic areas kept an annual GDP growth of 9.5%, which is a speed higher than the average level of the province. A total of 88 poverty-striken counties across the province with 5.56 million impoverished people have shaken off poverty, and 11 ethnic minority groups have also been free from poor material condition. Setting models So Far, 59 organizations from 6 prefectures around the province have been named Examples for National Ethnic Unity, while 10 other bodies have been named Educational Bases of National Ethnic Progress. Developing the border areas In 2013, Yunnan launched a program which aimed to substantially improve the livelihood of people living in border areas. So far, about 30.4 billion yuan has been invested in this program. 36 counties, 264 townships as well as 3,711 villages have been named model units. Since 2015, two three-year plans have been made to ameliorate the working and living conditions of border residents. Since 2020, 30 border model villages have been under construction, each gaining an investment of 10 million yuan. During the 14th Five-Year Plan, all 373 villages along Yunnan’s border will be built into modern villages featuring high-quality development. By now, the number of airports in ethnic areas in Yunnan has increased to 10, and 4 ethnic autonomous prefectures have been included in China’s high-speed rail network. On December 28, 2016, the Shanghai-Kunming High Speed Railway (the Kunming South to Guiyang North section) was opened to traffic. The Yunnan-Guangxi Railway (the Kunming South to Baise section), which passes by Wenshan Zhuang autonomous prefecture, was put into operation on the same day. On July 1, 2018, Chuxiong Yi autonomous prefecture and Dali Bai autonomous prefecture entered the high-speedrail era as the Kunming-Chuxiong High Speed Railway began to operate. More recently, high speed trains have also been available between Kunming and Mengzi, southeast Yunnan’s Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture since January 5, 2019. Writing by Zhu Dongran; trans-editing by Wang Jingzhong; photographs by Yang Zheng Keywords: Yunnan opening up	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5733
__label__wiki	0.796516	0.796516	Phascolarctos cinereus, Koala DigiMorph Staff - The University of Texas at Austin Texas Memorial Museum (TMM M-2946) Image processing: Mr. Stephen Roberson Phascolarctos cinereus, the koala, is a member of the Diprodontia. This taxon encompasses a large range of sizes and shapes and includes wombats, possums, wallabies, and kangaroos. These seemingly diverse animals posses a number of characters that unite them together, such as diprotodont dentition (the two midlle incisors of the lower jaw are greatly enlarged and project forward), syndactyly (the second and third digits fo the hindfoot are joined by skin), fewer than three upper incisors, and selenodont dentition. The koala is found only in Australia from southeastern Queensland to eastern New South Whales and Victoria to southeastern South Australia. Their fossil record extends back to the mid-Miocene, and they seem to have occupied a more extended range. The koala primarily is noctural and spends most of its time in eucalyptus trees. Its diet consists largely of eucalyptus leaves, but it may also eat mistletoe or box leaves. Until the early twentieth century, the koala was ubiquitous in southeastern Australia. Hunting and habitat destruction, however, seems to be the primary contributors to its decline. The IUCN currently lists the koala as near threatened. This specimen (TMM M-2946), exchanged from Monash University, Australia, is the skull of Phascolarctos cinereus. It was made available to the University of Texas High-Resolution X-ray CT Facility for scanning by Dr. Timothy Rowe of The University of Texas at Austin. Funding for image processing was provided by a National Science Foundation Digital Libraries Initiative grant to Dr. Rowe. The specimen was scanned by Matthew Colbert on 22 August 2003 along the coronal axis for a total of 599 slices, each slice 0.238 mm thick with an interslice spacing of 0.238 mm. Davison, C. V., and W. G. Young. 1990. The muscles of mastication of Phascolarctos cinereus (Phascolarctidae, Marsupialia). Australian Journal of Zoology 38:227-240. Ellis, W. A., P. T. Hale, and F. S. Barboza. 2002. Breeding dynamics of koalas in open woodlands. Wildlife Research 29:19-25. Grand, T. I., and F. S. Barboza. 2001. Anatomy and development of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus: an evolutionary perspective on teh superfamily Vombatoidea. Anatomy and Embryology 203:211-223. Kempster, R. C., B. J. Bancroft, and L. W. Hirst. 2002. Intraorbital anatomy of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Anatomical Record 267:277-287. Kempster, R. C., and L. W. Hirst. 2002. Bony orbital anatomy of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Anatomical Record 267:288-291. Kratzing, J. E. 1984. The anatomy and histology of the nasal cavity of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). Journal of Anatomy 138:55-65. Lanyan, J. M., and G. D. Sanson. 1986. Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) dentition and nutrition. I. Morphology and occlusion of cheekteeth. Journal of Zoology 209:155-168. Logan, M., and G. D. Sanson. 2002. The association of tooth wear with sociality of free-ranging male koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss). Australian Journal of Zoology 50:621-626. Logan, M., and G. D. Sanson. 2002. The effects of tooth wear on the activity patterns of free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus Goldfuss). Australian Journal of Zoology 50:281-292. Moore, B. D., and W. J. Foley. 2000. A review of feeding and diet selection in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Australian Journal of Zoology 48:317-333. Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, Sixth Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. Sullivan, B. J., G. S. Baxter, and A. T. Lisle. 2003. Low-density koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in the mulgalands of southwest Queensland. III. Broad-scale patterns of habitat use. Wildlife Research 30:583-591. Young, W. G., M. McGowan, and T. J. Daley. 1987. Tooth enamel structure in the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, some functional interpretations. Scanning Microscopy 1:1925-1934. Young, W. G., and S. K. Robson. 1987. Jaw movements from microwear on the molar teeth of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. Journal of Zoology 213:51-61. Images of Phascolarctos cinereus at CalPhotos. Phascolarctos cinereus on the Animcal Diversity Web (Univ. of Michigan Museum of Zoology). Click on the thumbnail to the left for a pitch animation (1.6 mb) of the isolated Phascolarctos cranial endocast. Click on the thumbnail to the left for a roll animation (1.6 mb) of the Phascolarctos cranial endocast highlighted in red within the skull, which is rendered semi-transparent. Click on the thumbnail to the left for a roll animation (1.0 mb) of the isolated Phascolarctos cranial endocast. To cite this page: DigiMorph Staff, 2004, "Phascolarctos cinereus" (On-line), Digital Morphology. Accessed January 17, 2021 at http://digimorph.org/specimens/Phascolarctos_cinereus/.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5739
__label__wiki	0.699049	0.699049	Robert Street Bridge in St. Paul to close for six weeks beginning July 11 ST. PAUL, Minn. – Beginning Saturday, July 11, the Minnesota Department of Transportation will close the Robert Street Bridge over the Mississippi River in St. Paul through late August to repair and extend the life of the bridge’s pavement. Motorists, pedestrians and bicyclists should follow detour signs to use the nearby Wabasha Street Bridge during the six-week project. This detour route may be adjusted as needed during construction. Travelers also should plan for possible delays through August. These bridge repairs are part of MnDOT’s work to improve and plan for the future of Robert Street. Earlier this summer, MnDOT began repairing the pavement on Robert Street between Annapolis Street in the West Side neighborhood and 11th Street in downtown St. Paul. This work involved resurfacing to seal minor cracks and improve the pavement surface and restriping to reduce the number of lanes in certain stretches to improve safety for all users. The future of Robert Street Robert Street serves as a major artery into downtown St. Paul. It’s also a gateway to one of the city’s most diverse business districts in the West Side neighborhood business district and many residential communities. More significant construction improvements are planned for 2025 or 2026 to further improve this heavily used road. MnDOT will engage with the community later this summer to gather input on various topics, including safety improvements, accessibility and street design features. The department also will review previous community planning work for the area conducted by the West Side Community Organization. Road work continues to be a critical service. MnDOT is committed to protecting the health, safety and well-being of its employees, contractors and all Minnesotans. Crews continue to follow the guidance of state and federal officials to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. For more information about this project, visit www.dot.state.mn.us/metro/projects/robertstreet/ Kevin Walker	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5744
__label__cc	0.653549	0.346451	Joseph Krajcik Lappan-Phillips Professor Ph.D., University of Iowa krajcik@msu.edu 114 Erickson Joseph S. Krajcik serves as director of the CREATE for STEM Institute and is the Lappan-Phillips Professor of Science Education at Michigan State University, USA. CREATE for STEM is a joint institute between the College of Natural Science and the College of Education that seeks to improve the teaching and learning of science and mathematics kindergarten through college through innovation and research both in the USA and globally. During his career, Krajcik has focused on working with science teachers to reform science teaching practices to promote students, engagement in and learning of science through the design, development, and testing of project-based science learning environments. His goal is to explore and advance knowledge on creating engaging learning environments for all learners. Krajcik has authored and co-authored curriculum materials, books, software, and over 100 manuscripts. The 5th edition of Krajcik, book on Teaching Children Science: a Project-Based Learning Approach was released in June 2018. Krajcik served as president of NARST from which he received the Distinguished Contributions to Science Education Through Research Award in 2010. He received the 2014 George G. Mallinson Award from the Michigan Science Teachers, Association for overall excellence of contributions to science education over a significant period of time. Krajcik was elected to the National Academy of Education in 2019, an honor reserved for the nation, most outstanding scholars in education. Follow him @krajcikjoe.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5747
__label__wiki	0.562595	0.562595	Artists 2020/21 René Barbera Tanja Ariane Baumgartner Seong-Jin Cho Alice Coote Stefan Dohr María Dueñas Catherine Foster Kirill Gerstein Gilles Grimaître Martin Grubinger Bernhard Haas Augustin Hadelich Regine Hangler Ilseyar Khayrullova Albrecht Koch Tomasz Konieczny Eduard Kutrowatz Eric Le Sage Jan Lisiecki Mirko Ludwig Lester Lynch Emily Magee Sally Matthews André Morsch Michael Nagy Georg Nigl René Pape Javier Perianes Clemens Christian Pötzsch Julian Prégardien Anna Lucia Richter Gerhild Romberger Andreas Schager Steffen Schleiermacher Wolfgang Emanuel Schmidt Christian Schmitt Felix Schwandtke Peter Simonischek Antoine Tamestit Christian Tetzlaff Cédric Tiberghien Johannes Trümpler Lars Vogt Stefan Wirth "The fact is that his fantastic sound culture, virtuosity and expressiveness (...) were not audible for a long time, especially in the younger generation of pianists" - Deutschlandradio Kultur Dejan Lazić's refreshing interpretations of the piano repertoire make him one of the most extraordinary artists of his generation. Der Spiegel wrote about Lazić's Liszt recording for Onyx Classics (April 2017): “Grandiose, dexterous, committed and witty, at the same time full of depth: this longitudinal section through Liszt's oeuvre is a gift for beginners as well as connoisseurs”. In autumn 2017 Dejan recorded Beethoven's own arrangement of his violin concerto as a piano concerto in D major, op.61a, during a tour with the Dutch chamber orchestra and violinist Gordan Nikolić - this CD was released by Onyx Classics in May 2018. Dejan's live recording of Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 2 with the London Philharmonic Orchestra and Kirill Petrenko was awarded the “Echo Klassik” in 2009, and a CD with Beethoven's Triple Concerto was released in 2015 by Sony Music. He has released numerous CDs with Channel Classics, including the critically acclaimed Liaisons series. Dejan Lazić conducts orchestras such as the Atlanta Symphony, Australian Chamber Orchestra, Boston Symphony, Budapest Festival Orchestra, Chicago Symphony, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Danish National Symphony, Helsinki Philharmonic, Chamber Orchestra Basel, NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchester Hamburg, Netherlands Philharmonic, Rotterdam Philharmonic as well the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra. Concert tours take him regularly to Asia, where he could be heard on a China tour with the Budapest Festival Orchestra and Iván Fischer. He has worked well and for many years with conductors such as Giovanni Antonini, Iván Fischer, Michael Francis, Andris Nelsons, Thomas Søndergård, Robert Spano, John Storgards, Krzysztof Urbański, Jan Willem de Vriend and Kazuki Yamada. Dejan Lazić is also active as a composer. He has been under contract with the Sikorski music publishers since 2015. His arrangement of Brahms ’Violin Concerto for Piano and Orchestra premiered in 2009 with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Robert Spano and was published by Sikorski. He played it a.o. at the BBC Proms, in the Concertgebouw Amsterdam, the Chopin Festival Warsaw, at the Hamburger Ostertönen, in North and South America and in Japan. Since the premiere at the Aspen Music Festival in 2014 he has played his “Piano Concerto in the Istrian Style”, op. In April 2017 his tone poem, “Mozart and Salieri” (inspired by Alexander Pushkin), op. 21, was premiered by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Krzysztof Urbański. With four colleagues Lazić composed the work “Forellenteich”, which premiered in October 2018 and was recorded on CD. Lazić is currently working on his “Chinese Fantasy” for violin and orchestra, op. 22. His “SCHErzo” for orchestra, op. 25, commissioned by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, was written by the same (under the direction of Krzysztof Urbański) on First performed January 17, 2020. Dejan Lazić was born in Zagreb, Croatia, into a family of musicians. He grew up in Salzburg, where he studied at the Mozarteum (clarinet, piano and composition). The early encounter with Zoltán Kocsis and Imre Rohmann at the Bartók Festival in Hungary was decisive for his artistic career, and there he also received important impulses from Peter Eötvös. Today Dejan Lazić lives in Amsterdam.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5748
__label__cc	0.723141	0.276859	Key energy deal seals Russia Turkey reconciliation The TurkStream pipeline will allow Moscow to strengthen its position in the European gas market and cut energy supplies via Ukraine, the main route for Russian energy into Europe. Slump in world oil prices will not impact UAE economy, OPEC has no plan to cut output Slump in world oil prices will have no impact on the UAE's vibrant economy, Suhail bin Mohammed Faraj Faris Al Mazrouei, the UAE Minister of Energy, emphasised on Tuesday. Minister of Energy: UAE invested $ 70 bn to develop and boost oil and gas output capacity Suhail bin Mohammed Faraj Faris Al Mazrouei, Minister of Energy, has revealed that Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) has so far invested US$70 billion to develop new oil and gas fields and to boost the current output capacity of the UAE to 3.5 million barrels per day by 2017. UAE’s non-oil sector activity jumps sharply Survey respondents commented on increased marketing efforts and improving economic conditions in the country. Employment levels rose to a lesser extent in January than at the end of 2013 as non-oil producing private sector companies in the UAE reported a sharp but weaker rise in activity, according to the latest HSBC Purchasing Manager’s Index report. UAE leads energy investment With the UAE pressing ahead with a plan to boost crude oil production capacity to 3.5 million barrels per day (bpd) by 2017, the country retained its position in the Middle East as the biggest spender in oil and gas sector. UAE is largest Mideast base for Total The UAE has emerged as the largest operations base for Total of France in the Middle East and the company is set to mark 75 years of presence in the country coinciding with the upcoming renewal of ADCO concession next year. Al Hameli: oil prices reflect market fundamentals Oil prices are reflecting fundamentals of demand and supply and the current prices of US$105 to US$110 are considered good in light of the circumstances in some producing countries in the region and beyond, the Minister of Energy Mohammed Dhaen AL Hameli said. UAE works hard for sustainable energy As one of the world’s largest oil producers, the UAE is doing everything but resting on its laurels when it comes to its ensuring future contributions to the global energy sector.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5750
__label__wiki	0.8617	0.8617	Saturday, Nov 7, 2020 Xi awards Cambodian Queen Mother China's friendship medal (Xinhua) 09:49, November 07, 2020 Chinese President Xi Jinping (R) holds a ceremony to award Cambodian Queen Mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk the Friendship Medal of the People's Republic of China at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 6, 2020. (Xinhua/Shen Hong) BEIJING, Nov. 6 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Friday awarded Cambodian Queen Mother, Norodom Monineath Sihanouk, the Friendship Medal of the People's Republic of China. A ceremony was held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Wang Huning, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and a member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, attended the ceremony. Queen Mother Monineath is an important witness and promoter of the China-Cambodia friendship, and she has forged a tight bond with China since she accompanied Norodom Sihanouk, then Cambodian prince, to China in 1958 for the first time, Xi said when delivering a speech. Queen Mother Monineath has actively devoted herself to the cause of friendship between China and Cambodia in the past over 60 years, and has witnessed the development of New China, Xi said. She has special feelings for the Chinese people, and has actively supported exchanges and cooperation between the two countries in various fields, Xi said, noting that she made outstanding contributions to promoting the development of bilateral ties and enhancing the friendship between the two peoples. Xi stressed since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Cambodia 62 years ago, the two countries have always supported and helped each other, forged an unbreakable iron-clad friendship, and become a strategic community with a shared future. The relationship between the two countries has withstood various tests, and can be called a model of state-to-state exchanges, Xi said, noting the Cambodian royal family has played an important and irreplaceable role in this respect. "China stands ready to work with Cambodia to carry forward the traditional friendship between the two countries, which was forged by the older-generation leaders of China, Cambodian King Father Norodom Sihanouk, and Queen Mother Monineath, and inject new impetus to the bilateral relations in the new historical period to bring more benefits to the two peoples," Xi said. The medal represents the Chinese people's reverence for Queen Mother Monineath and their profound friendship with the Cambodian people, Xi said, and wished China and Cambodia greater prosperity and everlasting friendship. Yang Jiechi, a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of the CPC Central Committee, read out the order of award. Xi, in a solemn manner, awarded the medal to Queen Mother Monineath. For her part, Queen Mother Monineath said President Xi awarding her the Friendship Medal of the People's Republic of China fully reflects the friendship and brotherhood of China and the Chinese people toward her and the Cambodian people. "I feel extremely happy and express my heartfelt thanks. We will always remember the traditional friendship between Cambodia and China that was forged by King Father Norodom Sihanouk and the older-generation leaders of China," she said. She said that for a long time, China has firmly supported Cambodia's just cause and efforts in safeguarding national sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity, national peace, ethnic unity, and the development of various undertakings. "I would like to express my most sincere thanks to the great Communist Party of China, the Chinese government, and the Chinese people. The Cambodian people will work with the Chinese people to consolidate the traditional friendship, strengthen unity and cooperation, and promote the continuous development of bilateral ties," she said. The Queen Mother wished the CPC and the Chinese people greater achievements under the leadership of President Xi, and wished the two countries ever-lasting friendship. (Web editor: Xian Jiangnan, Bianji) Uganda launches Chinese-constructed road linking Kenya0 Suining in SW China: Hometown of renowned Tang poet Chen Zi… Village in Henan’s Ruzhou preserves historical relics, deve… China’s 14th Five-Year Plan a far-sighted approach focusing… Key CPC session draws 15-year roadmap for China's moderniza… In pics: Giant pandas at Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden Autumn scenery of desert poplar forest along Tarim River in Xinjiang Highlights of yoga competition at 6th Jiangxi province national fitness game Light show to be held on Nov. 5 to celebrate opening of 3rd CIIE Swans pictured at lake in Rongcheng, China's Shandong China launches new remote-sensing satellites Over 4 mln sampled for COVID-19 tests in east China city In pics: full moon seen across world Professional team maintain Shenzhen's nuclear power plant In pics: Yangchenghu Expressway Service Area during National Day holiday Infographics: keynote speech by Chinese President Xi Jinping at opening ceremony of 3rd CIIE Xi: China aims to turn itself into market for world Xi calls for advancing China-Italy cooperation Xi steers trail-blazing CIIE into platform bolstering global trade Xi says China must ensure both development, security Xi says China to further promote common prosperity Xi says China can build a moderately prosperous society in all respects on schedule Xi says China's economy has hope, potential to maintain long-term stable development China must uphold systematic concept in development: Xi Xi expounds on high-quality development	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5751
__label__cc	0.712097	0.287903	Movie Review: “Kingsman: The Secret Service” March 6, 2015 / no comments / 2284 views Alisa Posey, staff writer The action packed comedy directed by Matthew Vaughn, “Kingsman: The Secret Service” is a movie you won’t be able to take your eyes off of. The film’s namesake, Kingsman, is a secret service organization. A young boy named Eggsy (Taron Egerton) and his mother are visited by a secret agent named Galahad (Colin Firth), who is bringing them a medal in honor for his father’s sacrifice for the team. On the back of the medal there is a phone number for them to call if case they ever need anything. Years later the secret agency loses another agent, leaving a position vacant. They have to recruit a new agent. Eggsy becomes a candidate out of a group of other young adults like him, competing for the position. In the mean time Kingsman has been investigating a man named Richmond Valentine (Samuel L. Jackson). He is a villain with a list and has a plan to reduce the population of the world. The Kingsman agents do what they can to make sure they can fix the problems Valentine has already caused. This film was has a great balance of action and comedy. It’s definitely a good reason to check out this film. Another interesting thing is that the angles of the camera, especially during fighting scenes. In most action films, the camera gets very shaky and confusing. Kingsman took that affect but did it just right, in such a way most action films can’t seem to accomplish. There was no confusion and no distractions. There was nothing that could take you away for being engaged in the film. The movie’s concept of candidate competition and training made me think of the film “X-MEN: The Last Stand.” The way in which the characters communicated with each other also gave it that feel. Nonetheless, watching “Kingsman,” your eyes will be on the screen from start to finish. Also, you’ll be able to watch Samuel L. Jackson talk with a lisp. Pretty interesting. action Collin Firth comedy film Kingsman: The Secret Service Movie Review movies Samuel L Jackson About aposey View all posts by aposey → Rainy day funds lead to sunnier times, Mercatus study concludes Best DMV spring break activities ON THE SLATE CONVENIENT ENTERTAINMENT ISN’T GOOD FOR US	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5763
__label__cc	0.576831	0.423169	Editorials, Features Happy Birthday To Us…Go,See,Talk Turns 4! Four years is a long time. It’s the term that a US president spends in office, the time some college students spend at a University, it’s the time between the Olympics and even the World Cup. To some, 4 years may not seem like a long time but in the entertainment world it is a lifetime. It sure feels like it especially when I try to recall my attempts to start a “movie blog” waaaay back then. When I started Go,See,Talk in 2009 I had no idea what I was getting into. It seemed everyone had a movie website, but I thought why not try my hand at it. Frankly, everything sucked back then; writing style, design layout, you name it, it was amateur. Starting something all by yourself can be very tough and scary at times. Figuring things out, visiting other sites to see how they did stuff, button pushing to see what things do, etc. Like anything, after a while you get the hang of it. Of course I wasn’t alone and I have to give some thanks to other cinebloggers who started around the same time. Like a virtual water cooler we might have had different tastes in films we loved but we had a passionate little community and were all committed to writing about what ever we wanted to write about. Basically we helped each other learn to swim in the vast Internet ocean. A few times I toyed with shutting the site down as it seemed like a hobby with no end goal. But possibilities certainly awaited those stubborn, passionate or persistent enough to keep at it. Volunteering at the Dallas International Film Festival in 2010 and then getting my first ever “Press pass” in 2011 landed me some invaluable connections and helped me see the bigger picture. Thanks to the simple but solid advice of just “sticking with it” from the likes of Chase Whale, Todd Gilchrist, Alex Billington and even Vic Holtreman of Screen Rant.com, it helped me understand that serious blogging isn’t a short game. But for all the trying and failing, it wasn’t until Grady, Andrew, Bill and Jessica jumped on board with no questions asked that the site really took off. Aside from having people to help with news and reviews, they helped with the site redesign and it all became a team effort. Their involvement led to some perks that came with having staff that could capably help me keep G-S-T afloat. And when the perks came, they came in droves. We got invited to press tours, attended multiple festivals as Press and met/interviewed all sorts of film personalities. If you had told any of us as kids we’d one day get to meet our heroes, we wouldn’t have believed you. From Bond girls and SNL alumni, to respected international filmmakers, animators, producers, voice-actors and a couple iconic composers, looking back on it now the interview page of our little site still manages to impress me. Now I’m not going to lie, it has been tough, as anyone who maintains a site or writes for a living can relate. But nothing of worth is created or attained without working for it. From screenings to contests to daily news posts, this so-called “hobby” feels like a full-time job. Yet between the rush/obligation to post, helping the new members of the staff find their literary voice, and the day-to-day chores, it seems like there’s never enough hours in the day. Even doing something you love can be tedious at times, but I will be the first to tell you the rewards have far outweighed the rigors and numerous twilight hour reviews. In just the past year, even as a small site, we’ve grown by leaps and bounds as everyone embraced the opportunities and challenges. It’s the small but memory-making firsts that keep me and the team smiling. Andrew getting his first phone interview with Chris Kentis and Laura Lau for Silent House, Jessica facing stage fright to handle a slew of on–camera interviews, not to mention a few bucket list exclusives with Michael Giacchino and James Newton Howard, I feel so lucky to have these moments and more on the site. On that note, I have to applaud Grady not only for his reviews and tireless posting some of our most thankless staple content (What’s New On Blu and The CineMagic 8-Ball) but he’s a video editing wizard. Rounding out the foursome is Bill, still on loan from TheFilmStage.com I might add, whose caliber of writing, in reviews and his own impressive interviews, speaks for itself. What I think I value most about maintaining Go,See,Talk is that chance to get a glimpse behind the Hollywood curtain and then extend those opportunities to all the G-S-T staff. Especially when it comes to taking our show on the road and trying build our awareness. At events like FantasticFest there’s uncanny exposure in such small confines, replete with all the personalities (both filmmakers and press) walking around free of egos, and it’s a joy to see people coming together for the love of film. Jessica did the same at BFI London Film Festival, Andrew continues making a name for himself and us in Boston while Bill and I try to juggle the Texas-based film events. Yet no matter when/where we are, whether on-site or behind a keyboard, I couldn’t be happier with how everyone has embraced the site with the enthusiasm I had when I started it. So as every year is full of new challenges, opportunities, and lessons learned, one cannot choose but wonder what the next four years will hold. There’s lots of content and features I’m still trying to get off the ground along with my own lofty ambitions. One of which is the in-the-works merger between us and big time Dallas based film site, BigFanBoy.com. We’ve already begun sharing content/opportunities but once in place, that co-op will mutually help both our sites continue to grow. A little heads up, for our first public event, we’re hosting a Dallas Oscar screening this weekend, so keep an eye out for that along with plenty more as it develops. If anything, managing G-S-T and working with a very devoted staff of very talented writers has taught me to take things just one day, one news story, one review/interview and one festival at a time. We Go, we See, we Talk and will continue to do so as long as we’re able. Finally, as I am already grateful for the G-S-T staff who really does give their all (on top of their respective 9-5 jobs) if you’re reading this I’d like to thank you as well for helping keep G-S-T going. If you don’t read it, we don’t write it. That said, we hope we can keep your interest for another 4 years! AnniversaryEditorial Fantastic Fest Kicks Off This Week! 15 Films G-S-T Is Looking Forward To Lighting The Affleck Signal The Shape of Things to Come – GST’s Most Anticipated Films of 2013 Dan Fogarty Congatulations, thats a big milestone! Have a happy anniversary day, and here’s to many more! Thanks much Dan. Can’t say it’s been easy but it’s been fun and we’re looking to whatever else lies ahead of us.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5764
__label__wiki	0.621682	0.621682	Home / Feature / Long Way from Home: CFHS welcomes exchange student from Kosovo Long Way from Home: CFHS welcomes exchange student from Kosovo By Martha Hall on September 13, 2011 Rhydian Talbot/Staff Writer Some students think it’s a big deal to study at a college out of state. Alma Jashari set her bar a little higher and, for a year, is studying out of country. Jashari, a native of Prishtinë, Kosovo, packed her bags and made her move to America mid August to become our high school’s one and only foreign exchange student for the year, a rarity compared to the higher number of exchange students in years past. During her stay, she plans on playing a part in the Cedar Falls community by volunteering at Habitat for Humanity and the Salvation Army, along with enjoying some good ol’ American traditions like camping, Thanksgiving dinner and cheering on the Panthers at UNI sporting events. The opportunity to study abroad came through the Youth Exchange and Study program (YES), an international foreign relations program that was established after Sept. 11 in efforts to create mutual respect and understanding between the United States and students from predominantly Muslim countries. In efforts to select the most qualified candidates, exchange hopefuls from a host of countries undergo a rigorous selection process that lasts several weeks. “I went through many group activities, interviews and three rounds of tests. There were about 700 students just from Kosovo in the process, and they narrowed it down to six finalists. It started in October, and in March I got a call that said I was finalist,” Jashari said. Students can be placed with YES host families throughout the United States, and Jashari had a few areas in mind that she hoped — and hoped not — to be placed. “I wanted to live either in California or Iowa. I have a cousin who lives in Des Moines, so I would’ve been OK living there. When I found out I was placed in Iowa, I just thought, ‘Not a farm, please, not a farm,’” she laughed. While some might not feel comfortable sharing their home and their life with a new student, senior Megan Hahn, a member of Jashari’s host family, couldn’t be happier. After hearing about the need for a host family in the community, she and her parents discussed the possibility of welcoming a new “family member” into their lives. “My mom wasn’t sure at first because she was like, ‘No, it’s your senior year — shouldn’t we be focusing on you?’ But I really wanted this to happen.” Along with assimilating to a new family and new culture, students must also adjust to their host country’s educational systems. Jashari noted the difference in standards between American and Kosovar school systems regarding foreign language. “In Kosovo, everyone can speak English because it is an international language. People should study foreign language earlier than they do here because it’s so much easier to learn when you are a child.” Kosovar law also requires students to attend nine years of elementary school, and from there, they must take admittance exams to be selected for high school. New lessons will be learned both in and out of school as Jashari becomes accustomed to the American way of life, but the most important things Cedar Falls and high school students can teach her are rooted in the nation’s moral values and core beliefs. America strives to accept other cultures and embrace the flavor they bring to the melting pot, and this call for unity among citizens serves as one of the principle purposes of YES. “It’s important for people in other countries to see our diversity and know that it is possible to live in harmony,” Hahn said. “Hopefully they see that America is an amazing place full of good people, so when they go home they can say, ‘No, those bad stereotypes [about Americans] aren’t right.’ It’s a life-changing experience for both the student and the families.” ← Previous Story Never Forget: CF recounts Sept. 11 Next Story → Senior Splash	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5765
__label__cc	0.677927	0.322073	Navigation Menu loading... 3d Cavalry Regiment Museum CMH Home Army Museum Enterprise Museum Directory Museum's History More photographs below The 3d Cavalry Regiment Museum tells the history of the Regiment from its establishment in 1846 to its present day operations. Much of the Regiment's lore derives from its early years as the Regiment of Mounted Riflemen. It was during the Mexican War that General Winfield Scott honored the Regiment with, "Brave Rifles! Veterans! You have been baptized in fire and blood, and come out steel." The regiment participated in the Civil War's westernmost campaign in New Mexico, by which time it had been re-named the 3d US Cavalry, and served all along the frontier during the Indian Wars, distinguishing itself especially at the Battle of Rosebud Creek. Later, the regiment fought in the Spanish-American War and the Philippines, fought in World War I and II, and guarded the West during the Cold War. The 3d Cavalry led the way in Gulf War, and has deployed numerous times to Iraq and Afghanistan during the war on terror. The gallery exhibits, outdoor vehicle displays and commemorative monuments all pay tribute to the contributions and sacrifices of the 3d Cavalry Regiment. The museum gallery and vehicle park are set up for self-guided tours, but fully guided tours are available upon request. Larger tour groups are welcome, and the staff offers specialized tours for these groups depending upon special interest or need. Larger tour groups should preferably contact the museum staff a week prior to their visit so that the staff can better accommodate the group. Museum Educational Programs The museum offers historical presentations on a variety of subjects and to a wide range of audiences. It also offers special exhibits, using its education collection, at off-post locations. The staff also provides professional development training for the military, staff rides at historical sites, and school group events. Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Day. 761st Tank Battalion Ave, Bldg 409 Fort Hood, TX 76544 Visitors without military credentials will require a base pass in order to visit. They must stop at Fort Hood's Marvin Leath Visitor Center, which is adjacent to the main gate, just off of US Hwy 190, on T.J. Mills Blvd. Procedures for obtaining a base pass can be found at Fort Hood Visitor Center Museum Curator Email: robbie.a.reinstein.civ@mail.mil Bldg 409 Footer loading...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5766
__label__cc	0.511567	0.488433	Posts Tagged: Bottom Taylour Paige says fans will be stunned by Chadwick Boseman’s performance in ‘Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom’ Courtesy of NetflixActress Taylour Paige says she was unaware of Chadwick Boseman’s cancer diagnos… Here’s a first look at ‘Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom’ starring Chadwick Boseman and Viola Davis Courtesy of NetflixNetflix has released a few preview photos of the upcoming film adaptation of A… Chadwick Boseman’s Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom Debuts on Netflix in December Chadwick Boseman’s last movie has a premiere date on Netflix. December 18th is the date Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom will premiere on Netflix. The movie stars Chadwick, Viola Davis and Glynn Turman to name a few. It is also produced by Chadwick’s mentor, Denzel Washington. The movie is adapted from August Wilson’s award-winning play by the same… Read more » Denzel Washington producing Netflix adaptation of ‘Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom,’ starring Viola Davis and Chadwick Boseman Netflix has tapped some all-star talent for its upcoming adaptation of August Wilson’s Ma Rainey’s Black Botto…	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5767
__label__wiki	0.581333	0.581333	October 2020 Grant Awards Announcing our most recent grant recipients in Catholic activities, education, health care and human services We are pleased to announce that 18 organizations received over $700,000 in our October grant cycle. Franciscan Friars - Our Lady of the Angels Province, Inc.: $15,000 to support Little Portion Farm, a ministry of the Franciscan Friars dedicated to caring for the earth and growing organic food to serve the poor Sacred Heart Parish: $73,183 to support exterior capital improvements to this Catholic parish located in Glyndon, Maryland St. Bernardine Church: $75,000 to support mechanical upgrades to this Catholic parish located in the Edmondson Village neighborhood of Baltimore St. Veronica Roman Catholic Congregation: $60,000 to support a roof replacement at this Catholic parish located in the Cherry Hill neighborhood of Baltimore Boys Hope Girls Hope of Baltimore: $50,000 to support general operating expenses at this residential program serving academically motivated middle and high school students, helping them to become well-educated and ready for college, careers, and life Highlands School: $35,000 to support general operating expenses related to their Executive Function initiative, a cornerstone program at this K – 12 school for students with dyslexia, ADHD, and other language-based learning differences located in Harford County Loyola Early Learning Center: $56,250 to support an academic support position at this Jesuit preschool serving students ages 2 – 5 located in Baltimore City Maryland Book Bank: $10,000 to support capital upgrades designed to improve the efficiency and safety of their facility and operations, where they distribute books to children, teachers and families in under-resourced neighborhoods in Baltimore Pro Bono Counseling Project: $20,000 to support their Caring for Caregivers program, which offers no-cost professional counseling to people who are impacted by the financial and emotional stresses of caregiving for a family member 40 West Assistance and Referral Center, Inc.: $15,000 to support capital improvements to their offices, so that this organization can continue to provide basic necessities to West Baltimore residents Churches for Streets of Hope: $20,000 to support safety-related upgrades to this cold weather shelter for men located in Essex, Maryland Dove Center (Domestic Violence Sexual Assault Resource Center): $43,264 to support a residential services position in their transitional housing units, at this organization located in Oakland, Maryland that assists adults and children who are victims of domestic violence overcome barriers and build skills to live independently and safely Franciscan Center: $55,000 to support the Dining Services Program, which feeds the hungry at this organization that has been providing emergency assistance and supportive outreach to residents in Baltimore City for over 50 years Manna House, Inc.: $85,000 to support capital construction costs associated with the expansion of their facility, where they have been serving meals and providing free services to Baltimore’s homeless and poor for over 50 years Meals on Wheels of Central Maryland, Inc.: $40,000 to support their Home Delivered Meal Program, which brings healthy nutritious meals to homebound members of our community Tubman House, Baltimore(a project of Fusion Partnerships):$10,000 to support the Friend of a Friend program, which supports their urban garden and community food program in the Sandtown-Winchester neighborhood of Baltimore City Washington County Commission on Aging, Inc.: $18,500 to support the acquisition of a vehicle for the Agency’s Meals on Wheels program, which delivers meals to homebound residents of Washington County Year Up Baltimore: $25,000 to support general operating expenses of this workforce development program that serves young adults in Baltimore ages 18 – 24 by helping them build technical skills development and gain access to internships COVID-19 Emergency Response Fund Announcing our COVID-19 Emergency Response Fund grant recipients The Knott Foundation’s mission is to strengthen the community, and now more than ever, our community needs us. COVID-19's presence in Baltimore and beyond has been a sobering reality and significant challenge facing us all. We’re trying to feel our way through a situation that seemed unbelievable and is now the new normal. This has placed pressure on us to respond individually and as a community to address the health and economic concerns resulting from this uncertain new world. The Foundation’s immediate response to this public health crisis and its ripple effect through the nonprofit industry has been to deploy our discretionary grant program as a rapid-response COVID-19 Emergency Fund. A select group of past grantees working on the front lines of food security and housing across Maryland each received a $5,000 grant to support their most urgent needs. I am pleased to announce that 16 human service organizations received a total of $80,000 in grant support through this effort: Baltimore Hunger Project Community Assistance Network Harford Community Action Agency Helping Up Mission Interfaith Services Coalition of Hancock Manna House Marian House Maryland Center for Veterans Education and Training (MCVET) Meals on Wheels of Central Maryland Our Daily Bread Employment Center (a program of Catholic Charities of Baltimore) Religious Coalition for Emergency Human Needs St. Francis Neighborhood Center St. Mary’s Outreach Center St. Vincent de Paul of Baltimore Click here to review a list of these grants and their purpose found in our past awards database. We applaud these organizations and all your efforts to respond to our growing community needs during this uncertain time. While there is currently no antidote for COVID-19, we believe respite may be found through compassion and collective action! Our 2019 Annual Report Many Needs, One Purpose I am pleased to announce the publication of our 2019 annual report. "Many Needs, One Purpose" is the theme of our 2019 annual report. In 2019, we responded to the many needs in our community while maintaining one purpose: to honor our founders' legacy of generosity to strengthen our community. Our annual reports are a wonderful archival resource of the Foundation's grantmaking activities, as well as a way to learn about the positive impact of some of our recent grants in education, human services, health care, arts & humanities, and Catholic activities. For a collection of our past annual reports click here. I hope you enjoy reading our 2019 annual report and learning more about our mission and work! BOOST Grant Awards: Round IV Announcing our fourth round of grants in our Building Opportunities in Out-of-School Time initiative Kids need committed and caring adults to help them navigate life. Out-of-school time programs are a great avenue to build those relationships and help them realize their full potential. Yet an increasing number of low-income students are on the sidelines, and older youth in particular (those in middle and high school) often face the most complex barriers to participation. Our BOOST initiative focuses on reaching these older youth. Our goal is to engage and retain them in comprehensive out-of-school time programs that promote enduring life skills. Recognizing there are many ways to do this, our strategy is all about relationships. In our research and conversations with field experts, we learned a growing body of evidence suggests that a consistent relationship with a caring adult is the single most important ingredient to increasing the likelihood that a young person will flourish and become a productive adult. Through our BOOST initiative, we would like to see organizations demonstrate significant depth, duration, and reach of informal and formal mentoring relationships between older youth and caring adults. With those measures, research says in the long-term these youth will experience improved educational outcomes and labor market success, improved decision-making capabilities, and beneficial effects on a number of other well-being variables – all of which point to our founders’ deep-seated value of education, opportunity, and hard work. This year we are pleased to announce our fourth round of BOOST initiative funding. BOOST Award Round IV: Sisters Circle: $169,000 grant over two years ($79,000/year one; $90,000/year two) to support the general operations of this organization, which offers long-term mentoring relationships for at-risk girls in Baltimore, empowering them to define success for themselves, make intentional decisions about their futures, and become self-sufficient young women BOOST is a 5-year, $1 million initiative. Participation in our BOOST initiative is by invitation only. We look forward to sharing what we learn from this initiative over time. For a complete description of the program, please visit our BOOST initiative webpage. And to read more about the Foundation’s journey to develop the BOOST initiative, click here. February 2020 Grant Awards Announcing our most recent grant recipients in education and human services We are pleased to announce that 9 organizations received over $400,000 in our February grant cycle. Archbishop Curley High School: $100,000 to support capital improvements at this all-boys Archdiocesan Catholic high school in Baltimore City Genesee Valley Outdoor Learning Center: $16,780 to support LIFE (Lead, Instruct, Fulfill, Experience), an outdoor experiential learning program for underserved youth in northern Baltimore County Junior Achievement of Central Maryland: $60,000 to support the purchase of furniture and fixtures for their new Youth Workforce and Innovation Center in Baltimore, which will house work-readiness, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy programs for youth in grades K – 12 Sisters Academy of Baltimore: $50,000 to support technology upgrades at this all-girls, tuition-free Catholic middle school in southwest Baltimore St. Elizabeth School: $66,686 to support facility improvements that will promote student safety and independence at this Catholic special needs school in Baltimore City Associated Catholic Charities: $40,000 to support service enhancements at Christopher Place Employment Academy, an intensive residential recovery, education, training, and employment program for formerly homeless men in Baltimore City CASA of Baltimore County: $30,000 to support operating costs associated with a new staff position to serve older youth in foster care after they age out of the system St. John’s Shelter for Homeless Families: $10,000 to support the operating costs of this year-round transitional housing program serving needy families in Washington County St. Mary’s Outreach Center: $30,000 challenge grant to support the general operations and expansion of services at the Center, which improves the quality of life for older adults living in poverty in the greater Hampden community A Legacy Beyond a Lifetime Taking a closer look at the multiple charitable vehicles established by our founders, Marion and Henry Knott, during their lifetimes, including the Knott Foundation and other funds With the generosity of Marion and Henry Knott – and their large Catholic family that has only grown in size over the decades – many in Baltimore are familiar with the Knott name. What most don’t know, however, are the multiple structures for giving that our founders established long ago, as well as how those structures continue to support the community today. A Family Foundation to Strengthen the Community In 1977, Marion and Henry Knott established The Knott Foundation as a private family foundation in the State of Maryland. The vision of the Foundation is "to provide resources for nurturing and sustaining family unity through charitable activities in the Roman Catholic community and other deserving agencies that the Knott family encouraged and supported." “Today, 40 years later, continuing the philanthropic legacy of my grandparents remains at the heart of our mission, as we strive to both improve our community and strengthen our family,” states Lindsay Gallagher, Board President. The Foundation is a multi-generational philanthropic family enterprise, with 34 Trustees representing 3 generations and 8 branches of the Knott family. All of the Foundation’s Trustees are involved in making grants that help strengthen communities in central and western Maryland. The median grant to an organization is around $50,000, and program areas include education, human services, health care, Catholic activities, and the arts. You can learn more about the Foundation here: www.knottfoundation.org. A Trust to Benefit Catholic Charities The Henry J. and Marion I. Knott Catholic Community Fund (est. 1971), is a trust governed by Catholic Charities of Maryland (the Agency). The Fund is overseen by a committee of the Agency’s leadership and a Knott family member. Currently, the Fund provides approximately $250,000 per yearfor the Agency’s key priorities and organizational funding needs. Most recently, the Fund has been dedicated to helping the Agency with technology upgrades. “Producing life-improving outcomes for those we serve and being accountable to our benefactors requires that we keep pace with the ever-evolving technological world,” comments Bill McCarthy, Executive Director of Catholic Charities. To that end, the Fund’s annual support has allowed Catholic Charities to refresh its technology – including providing staff with laptops and Chromebooks, and helping to implement an electronic health records system for their many programs serving children and families. “We are grateful for the ongoing financial support from this fund and the thoughtful involvement of family members who guide our stewardship of this valuable resource,” concludes McCarthy. A Trust to Support Other Catholic Institutions In 1975, the RCA Trust (Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore Trust) was established as a trust that supports certain Catholic organizations including the Archdiocese of Baltimore, Notre Dame of Maryland University (NDMU), and the University of Notre Dame in Indiana. Lump sums were paid out to each beneficiary organization at the beginning of the life of the trust. From those payments, the Archdiocese of Baltimore directed $1 million to Catholic Charities’ Our Daily Bread campaign and $1 million to the Baltimore Basilica’s Restore the Light renovation campaign. NDMU dedicated $2 million to create the Marion Burk Knott Athletic Center, which remains a focal point for athletics, fitness, and a variety of other student services on the college’s campus. And the University of Notre Dame built Marion Burk Knott Hall, the first residence hall on campus named for a woman. “This Trust is a wonderful example of the leadership and philanthropic spirit we have been blessed with in the Archdiocese of Baltimore,” States John Matera, Chief Financial Officer of the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Today, the Archdiocese and NDMU continue to receive annual proceeds from the Trust, beyond the initial payments outlined above. Each organization receives approximately $100,000 per year. The Archdiocese uses this annual income to support The Basilica of the Assumption Historic Trust. Since 2003, a large proportion of this money has been used to support renovations and maintenance of the Basilica’s grounds. More recently, the funds have been allocated to support the Basilica’s programming as a City parish. “What the endowment allows us to do is huge,” comments Rev. James Boric, Pastor of the Basilica. “It has afforded us the ability to create a tailor-made missionary program to evangelize Baltimore and help the homeless and addicted on our streets. The Knott Endowment has allowed us the freedom and the room to re-invent the Basilica into something more than just a historic building. It has allowed us to become a parish that is meeting the needs of our Church and our City in 2019.” Father Boric cites the fact that the Basilica has women discerning religious life, a young man discerning priesthood, and between 25-50 young professionals coming to Adoration every Thursday as signs of success of their evangelization work supported by the RCA/Knott Trust. “This is the fruit of a lot of things—but certainly the Knott Endowment is a part of that,” he remarks. Meanwhile, NDMU uses ongoing annual contributions from the Trust to support student financial aid and institutional operations. “Notre Dame today is blessed to provide as much as $10 million in financial aid and scholarship resources to worthy students each year,” shares Carroll David Galvin, Interim Associate Vice President for Development and Director of Corporate, Foundation & Government Grants. “Most recently, 51% of students in the undergraduate Women’s College are recipients of federal Pell-grants, awarded to those students showing the highest levels of financial need. Funds from the Knott Trust help support aid to this population, and others, on our campus,” he confirms. Scholarship Funds to Help Catholic Students The Marion Burk Knott Scholarship Fund (est. 1980) and the Marion I. & Henry J. Knott Scholarship Fund (est. 1988) together operate as the Knott Scholarship Funds. The assets of these two funds total approximately $100 million. The Knott’s vision for these scholarships was to create a future for Maryland that is supported and steered by a community that puts into action the values and beliefs of the Catholic faith. The Knott Scholarship Funds award scholarships to academically talented Catholic students who wish to continue their education in a Catholic school within the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Full-tuition scholarships are awarded to elementary students (grades 5-8) and high school students attending a Catholic school. College scholarships are available at the three Catholic Colleges in Maryland: Loyola University Maryland, Mount St. Mary’s University, and Notre Dame of Maryland University. To date, nearly $60 million in scholarship awards have benefited some 1,500 students in elementary school, high school, and college. With a rich history spanning 38 years, the Scholarship Funds has produced some heartwarming results: over 64 siblings have been awarded scholarships; a mother/son are both scholarship winners; and there have even been two marriages between Knott Scholars. You can learn more about the Knott Scholarship Funds here: http://knottscholar.info/ Matt Smolka (Loyola Blakefield '20) and Katie Smolka (School of the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen '21) are a brother and sister who have both benefited from Knott Scholarships. “I felt very honored to be named a Knott scholar considering the great legacy of the scholarship program,” shares Matt. “I know that my parents and I very much appreciate the generous contribution of the Knott family for their financial support, especially with two kids to send to college, so it’s an incredible gift from an incredible foundation.” “Together, the community of Knott Scholars demonstrate an outstanding academic record, as well as the promise to fulfill our founders vision: that they will use their intellectual abilities to serve others,” reflects Michelle Burke, Director of the Knott Scholarship Funds. Adds Jim Sellinger, Chancellor of Education for the Archdiocese of Baltimore: “The Knott Scholarship Fund has recognized outstanding student performance and has reinforced the importance of Catholic education provided by the Archdiocese of Baltimore Catholic schools for close to four decades. The students who attend our Archdiocesan Catholic schools are blessed to have the Knott Scholarship Fund recognize their academic excellence in the classroom with full scholarships.” Together, the legacy of charitable vehicles that Marion and Henry Knott created to benefit the community total more than $150 million. All of these resources create a picture of the causes that our founders cared about and their commitment to students, families, schools, churches, and charities within the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Martin Knott, a Charter Trustee of the Knott Foundation, sums it up like this: “My parents believed in doing good work while they were here, but more importantly, leaving a legacy when they were gone. So what they did is set up a structure that builds a work ethic in the next generation, and an understanding that you have to help other people. The funds they created during their lifetimes have perpetual meaning – in addition to their family, they are a lasting legacy of their morals and values.” Announcing our most recent recipients in Catholic activities, education, health care and human services We are pleased to announce that 14 organizations received nearly $650,000 in our October grant cycle. Monsignor O’Dwyer Retreat House: $75,000 to support the construction of an outdoor worship space at this Catholic youth retreat facility in Baltimore County Oblate Sisters of Providence: $100,000 challenge grant to support roof repairs to the Motherhouse of this Catholic religious order for women located in Baltimore County Cristo Rey Jesuit High School: $46,000 to support technology upgrades at this Jesuit high school in Baltimore City that provides college-preparatory education coupled with corporate work experience Irvine Nature Center: $15,000 to support environmental education and leadership development programming for students at two Catholic schools in Baltimore City Soccer Without Borders: $40,000 to support this out-of-school time program using soccer as a vehicle for positive change for newcomer refugee students in middle and high school in Baltimore City and County St. Frances Academy: $75,000 to support capital renovations at this 190-year-old, historically African-American Catholic high school in Baltimore City St. Maria Goretti High School: $58,788 to support the launch of Project Lead the Way: Introduction to Engineering at this Catholic high school in Hagerstown St. Thomas More Academy: $40,000 to support the More Readers Initiative providing supports to students with learning differences at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Frederick County The Community School: $25,000 to support the expansion of teaching faculty at this academic and mentoring high school located in the Remington community of Baltimore City Gilchrist Hospice Care: $25,000 to support construction of the new Gilchrist Center Baltimore at Stadium Place, to serve adults and children in Baltimore City who have reached their end of life stage The Hearing and Speech Agency: $15,000 to support the charitable care fund, which helps make clinical audiology, speech-language pathology, and occupational therapy services available to all, regardless of income Athletes Serving Athletes: $40,000 to support the expansion of services through volunteer recruitment at this organization working to elevate the quality of life for individuals with limited mobility by empowering them to train for and participate in running events at no cost Cornerstone Community Housing (formerly United Ministries): $50,000 to support the general operations of Earl’s Place, a recovery-based transitional housing program for men experiences homelessness in Baltimore City Pathfinders for Autism: $30,000 to support the launch of a pilot program focused on creating recreational opportunities for adults with autsim June 2019 Grant Awards We are pleased to announce that 15 organizations received over $750,000 in our June grant cycle. Saint Ambrose Catholic Church: $80,000 to support masonry repairs to this century-old church located in the Park Heights neighborhood of Baltimore City St. Thomas More Roman Catholic Congregation: $75,000 to support the replacement of the roof and HVAC systems at this parish located in Northeast Baltimore City Archbishop Spalding High School: $100,000 to support the acquisition of furniture and equipment for the new Innovation Center at this Catholic high school in Anne Arundel County Baltimore Chesapeake Bay Outward Bound: $40,000 to support outdoor experiential education programs and character development for two Catholic girls schools in Baltimore City, Sisters Academy and Mercy High School Resurrection-St. Paul School: $70,000 to support technology upgrades and laboratory furniture/fixtures at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Ellicott City Saint Casimir Catholic School: $75,000 to support technology upgrades at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in the Canton neighborhood of Baltimore City St. Francis of Assisi School: $75,000 to support the creation of a Wellness Center and STEM Lab/Maker Space at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Northeast Baltimore City Strong City Baltimore: $35,000 to support The Club at Collington Square, an after-school and summer program serving youth in East Baltimore The First Tee of Greater Baltimore: $25,000 to support the College Bound Project for high school youth in this out-of-school time program that combines golf and character education Shepherd’s Clinic: $43,318 to support salary costs at this free, integrative health care clinic in Baltimore City Baltimore Hunger Project: $12,500 to support the delivery of weekend food packages to 50 more students in Baltimore City and County Enoch Pratt Free Library: $15,000 to support the Library’s Mobile Job Center, which serves job seekers throughout Baltimore City Santa’s Helpers Anonymous: $10,000 to support the purchasing of toys for distribution to Baltimore area families in need at Christmastime Paul’s Place: $80,000 to support the construction of Groundwork Kitchen, including a new culinary arts training program, restaurant, and catering business, at this social service agency in the Pigtown neighborhood of Baltimore City The Light House: $18,000 to support a workforce development program in the trades industry at this homeless service organization in downtown Annapolis Reflecting on the continued growth and vibrancy the Knott family brings to the Foundation’s work When people say, “Tell me about the Knott Foundation,” I often answer that we are a Catholic family foundation with a capital F-A-M-I-L-Y. The Knott family is 250 members strong – all direct descendants of our founders, and spouses of those descendants. Thirty-four of those members have gone through our rigorous training program and now sit on the Knott Foundation’s Board of Trustees. Two more members are going through our training program right now. Together, our Trustees represent the second, third, and fourth generations of Marion and Henry Knott’s lineage, and 9 discrete family branches from the Knotts’ original 13 children. I learned in a webinar recently that most family foundations don’t make it past the third generation. Perhaps the foundation is unable to attract younger family members, or perhaps differing viewpoints piece the philanthropy into multiple vehicles, each with its own set of priorities. Nevertheless, the foundation ceases to exist in its original form. The Knott Foundation bucks this trend. Last year we added four younger family members to our Board of Trustees and elected the largest Board in the Foundation’s history. Letters from some of these newest (and youngest) members reveal their motivation for joining our work – primarily, an interest in the core values of the Foundation and our grantmaking in the community. Here are excerpts from some of those letters: “I have reflected on the fundamental morals and characteristics that my great grandparents had, including generosity, compassion for others and perseverance. I am ready to continue the Knott tradition, by engaging more in charitable work, learning about the grant process, and helping to give to those in need.” “I am interested in joining the board to explore the charity work, the grants, and the ideals that the Foundation holds… Grandpop and Grandmom Knott instilled in their children that family, faith, and charity are all extremely important in life, and this has been passed down from generation to generation. I am incredibly lucky that my family is as close as we are, and I think that this all stems from Grandpop and Grandmom Knott.” “I would be humbled with the opportunity to give back to community and help amazing organizations that are performing incredible work around the greater Baltimore area and throughout Maryland by being a part of the Knott Foundation. I look forward to joining and continuing the philanthropic work that helps great organizations succeed and thrive.” Spring is a season for growth and renewal. In that vein, I am happy to reflect on the continued growth and vibrancy the Knott family brings to our work as a philanthropic venture dedicated to strengthening communities in central and western Maryland. Truly, we are a Catholic family foundation with a capital F-A-M-I-L-Y! Building the Foundation for Stronger Communities “Building the Foundation for Stronger Communities” is the theme of our 2018 annual report. Through this theme, we embrace our dual purpose to strengthen the community and nurture and sustain family unity. We also mark a significant milestone, having recently elected the largest Board in the history of the Foundation – 34 family members dedicated to our legacy and work. Our annual reports are a wonderful archival resource of the Foundation’s grantmaking activities, as well as a way to learn about the positive impact of some of our recent grants in education, human services, health care, arts & humanities, and Catholic activities. For a collection of our past annual reports click here. I hope you enjoy reading our 2018 annual report and learning more about the Knott Foundation’s mission to strengthen the community. Announcing our most recent recipients in Catholic activities, education, health care, and human services We are pleased to announce that 12 organizations received over $750,000 in our February grant cycle. Christ the King Catholic Church: $35,000 to support the acquisition of furniture and equipment for the new Parish Hall and Classroom Building at this Towson parish St. Philip Neri Roman Catholic Church: $85,000 to support the construction of a masonry ramp designed to provide ADA access for the church and school community at this parish in Linthicum Heights Dyslexia Tutoring Program: $55,000 to support the general operations of this specialized tutoring program that provides services free-of-charge to low-income children and adults with language-based learning differences Immaculate Heart of Mary School: $80,000 to support a Chromebook initiative and other technology upgrades at this K-8 Catholic school in Baltimore County Our Lady of Perpetual Help School: $42,000 to support capital improvements to the entrance of Harrison Hall at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Howard County Our Lady of Victory School: $70,000 to support a Chromebook initiative and other technology upgrades at this preK-8 Catholic school in Baltimore City South Baltimore Learning Center: $47,306 to support technology upgrades designed to enhance instruction for adult learners who are earning their GED or advancing their workforce skills St. John the Evangelist School (Severna Park): $43,400 to support the renovation of the middle school science lab and expand their outdoor learning space at this preK-8 Catholic school in Anne Arundel County St. John Westminster: $85,000 to support a Chromebook initiative and other technology upgrades at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Carroll County The Catholic High School of Baltimore: $120,000 to support the construction of a new driveway and parking area to provide a safer place to drop-off and pick-up students at this all-girls Catholic high school in Baltimore City University of Maryland St. Joseph Medical Center Foundation, Inc.: $100,000 to support the renovation of operating rooms as part of their Miracles Happen Here: The Campaign for Sustaining Surgical Excellence at this Catholic hospital in Towson Associated Catholic Charities: $25,000 to support consulting and staff training around delivering person-centered and community-based care and workforce supports for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities at Gallagher Services BOOST Grant Awards: Round III Announcing our third round of grants in our Building Opportunities in Out-of-School Time initiative This year we are pleased to announce our third round of BOOST initiative grants, totaling $233,000 to two organizations in Baltimore. BOOST Awards: Round III Next One Up: $128,000 grant over two years ($64,000/year) to support the general operations of this organization, which aims to transform the lives of young men in Baltimore City by supporting and advancing their academic, athletic, and social development Thread: $105,000 grant over three years ($35,000/year) to support salary expenses of this organization, which engages underperforming high school students in Baltimore City, provides them with a family of committed volunteer mentors, and encourages them to become self-motivated, resilient, and responsible citizens Announcing our most recent grant recipients in Catholic activities, education, health care, and human services The Catholic Community of South Baltimore: $85,000 to support the replacement of the boiler system at Holy Cross Church located in the Federal Hill neighborhood of Baltimore City Jesuit Volunteer Corps: $20,000 to support the recruitment, training and on-going work of five Baltimore-based Jesuit Volunteers committed to serving the poor and marginalized Saint Clare Parish: $25,850 to support the renovation of this Catholic church’s convent in Essex for use as housing for the Operation TEACH program, a post-graduate service program for teachers in Catholic schools St. Mark Roman Catholic Church: $45,000 to support the Faith is Cool Capital Campaign to replace the HVAC system at this Catholic Church located in Harford County Acts4Youth: $45,000 to support the expansion of this comprehensive mentoring program for youth into Cardinal Shehan School, a Catholic K-8 school in Baltimore City Mercy High School: $125,000 to support the construction of a new turf field complex at this all-girls Catholic high school in Baltimore City Mount Saint Joseph High School: $88,630 to support campus-wide technology upgrades at this all-boys Catholic high school in Baltimore City St. Joseph’s Nursing Home: $100,000 to support the roof replacement at this 44-bed nursing home in Catonsville run by the Congregation of the Sisters Servants of Mary Immaculate Arc Baltimore: $25,000 to support the expansion of the Career Catalyst program, which helps individuals with disabilities find competitive wage employment that aligns with their interests Associated Catholic Charities: $50,000 to support ESOL programming (English for Speakers of Other Languages) for immigrant children and adults at the Esperanza Center in Baltimore City Associated Charities of Cumberland: $12,000 to support the general operating costs of this organization dedicated to promoting a healthy and housed community in Cumberland CASA of Baltimore: $19,760 to support the fundraising capacity of this organization, which deploys trained volunteers to speak up for the best interests of foster children in Baltimore City’s Juvenile Court Community Assistance Network, Inc.: $10,000 to support the general operating costs of this outreach services organization serving Baltimore County’s low-income residents Govans Ecumenical Development Corporation (GEDCO): $40,000 to support mental health treatment for residents at GEDCO’s Harford and Micah Houses, which provide permanent supportive housing for men and women in Baltimore City who were previously homeless Harford Community Action Agency: $24,348 to support one year of maintenance and operations of a refrigerated truck delivering approximately 55,000 pounds of food per month to those experiencing food insecurity in Harford County Itineris: $36,000 to support the acquisition of technology hardware and software to enable this organization serving adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Baltimore improve their data tracking and service delivery for clients Living Classrooms Foundation: $50,000 to support Project SERVE, a job-training program serving Baltimore City adults returning to the community from incarceration The Religious Coalition for Emergency Human Needs: $50,000 to support the Emergency Family Shelter Program, which provides housing and supportive services to approximately 40 families in Frederick County each year Women’s Housing Coalition: $15,000 to support general operating costs for this supportive housing program in Baltimore City that serves formerly homeless women and children Grant to Build New Catholic School Announcing our $1 million grant to support urban Catholic education in Baltimore Our Board of Trustees has awarded a $1 million grant to the Archdiocese of Baltimore, payable over three years, for the construction of a new Catholic school on the westside of Baltimore City. This marks the first new school the Archdiocese has built in Baltimore in 57 years. The school will serve students in grades pre-K – 8 and will advance the educational mission of the Church to provide young people a pathway to a better life grounded in virtue and faith. “This is an important project for the Archdiocese and an important project for the City.” shares our President, Patrick Rodgers. “As longtime supporters of Catholic education, it’s something that the Knott Foundation is also pleased to support.” Our founders, Marion and Henry Knott, were devout Catholics, and the Foundation has honored their faith by prioritizing our giving to Catholic organizations, including schools. In the past five years, the Foundation has awarded approximately $4.5 million to more than 55 independent and archdiocesan Catholic schools. “This singular grant of $1 million represents an extraordinary commitment for the Foundation,” states Patrick. “We believe in Catholic education, we believe in Baltimore City, and we look forward to the opening of the new school.” Announcing our most recent grant recipients in arts & humanities, Catholic activities, education, and human services B&O Railroad Museum: $74,263 to support capital costs associated with the First Mile Stable Project, designed to create a permanent home for the nation’s oldest continuously operating police mounted unit as well as educational, programming and community space for the Museum Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur - Tri-Province Development Office: $58,000 to support the modernization of the health care facilities at Villa Julie Residence, the Baltimore-based retirement facility for sisters Bishop Walsh School: $50,000 to support general operations of the Advancement Office and major gifts campaign at this pre-K-12 Catholic school in Cumberland Institute of Notre Dame: $70,000 to support staffing and other costs associated with the development of a facilities Master Plan at this all-girls Catholic high school in Baltimore City Loyola Early Learning Center: $50,000 to support the development office operations of this Jesuit early childhood education program in Baltimore City Mother Seton Academy: $100,000 to support the capital campaign to expand the facilities at this co-ed, tuition-free Catholic middle school in Baltimore City Sacred Heart School of Glyndon: $76,000 to support technology enhancements in grades 4 through 8 at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Baltimore County St. Mary Catholic School: $100,000 to support the construction of a gymnasium at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Hagerstown Caroline Center: $50,000 to support the general operations of this Catholic, tuition-free employment training program in Baltimore City for women in health care Churches for Streets of Hope: $12,000 to support the expansion of case management services at this community-based homeless services organization serving Southeast Baltimore County Helping Up Mission: $50,000 to support general operating costs associated with the education and workforce development program for homeless, poor, and addicted men in Baltimore City Interfaith Service Coalition of Hancock, MD, Inc.: $60,000 to support the renovation of Martha’s House, a youth center and summer feeding site, as part of the organization’s larger mission to assist families and individuals in need in Hancock Manna House: $50,000 to support general operating costs of this drop-in center that feeds and supports up to 200 men and women a day who are living in need in Baltimore City St. Vincent de Paul of Baltimore: $65,000 to support the installation of a new HVAC system at the Pimlico Head Start site, one of many program sites at this 150-year old community service provider in Baltimore Celebrating 40 Years of Giving Our 2017 annual report celebrates the Knott Foundation’s 40th anniversary year, marking four decades of giving to organizations strengthening communities in the Archdiocese of Baltimore. To commemorate this milestone, we also released a short film last year about the history and mission of the Foundation. You can watch it here. Ignatian Volunteer Corps.: $30,000 to support general operating costs for the Baltimore regional office, which pairs older adults with volunteer opportunities at area nonprofits and supports their work through Catholic spiritual reflection Mount de Sales Academy: $116,477 to support classroom renovations at this Catholic, all-girls high school in Catonsville Our Lady of Mount Carmel School: $105,000 to support technology upgrades at this Catholic, co-ed pre-K – 12 school in Essex Saint Margaret School: $100,000 to support the upgrade and replacement of the heating and air conditioning system at this Catholic, pre-K – 8 school in Bel Air St. Jane Frances School: $75,000 to support technology upgrades at this Catholic, pre-K – 8 school in Pasadena Mission of Mercy: $100,000 to support the purchase of a mobile dental van to provide free dental care to patients in need in Baltimore, Carroll, and Frederick Counties Associated Catholic Charities, Inc.: $40,000 to support the implementation of a trauma-informed care model for children at St. Vincent’s Villa, a comprehensive residential facility for children ages 5-14 whose behavioral and emotional needs have not responded to community-based interventions At Jacob's Well, Inc.: $100,000 to support operating and capital needs at this organization providing housing and wrap-around services to the mentally ill homeless in Baltimore City Baltimore Child Abuse Center, Inc.: $50,000 to support the grants management capacity of this organization providing training and services in Baltimore City to keep kids safe Women's Care Center of Maryland Incorporated: $60,000 to support salaries and supplies at this pregnancy resource center in Baltimore County BOOST Grant Awards: Round II Announcing our second round of grant recipients in our Building Opportunities in Out-of-School Time initiative This year we are pleased to announce our second round of BOOST initiative grants, totaling $198,000 to two organizations in Baltimore. BOOST Awards: Round II Baltimore SquashWise: $90,000 grant over two years ($45,000/year) to support the general operations of this organization, which aims to create opportunities for students to realize their academic, athletic and personal potential through the sport of squash SAFE CENTER (Safe Alternative Foundation for Education, Inc.): $108,000 grant over three years ($35,000/year one; $36,000/year two; $37,000/year three) to support salary expenses of this organization, which seeks to inform and encourage Baltimore City youth of the importance of obtaining an education and creating an adaptable life plan BOOST is a 5-year, $1 million initiative. Participation is by invitation only. We look forward to sharing what we learn from this initiative over time. Our Lady Queen of Peace Church: $60,000 to support the renovation and repair of the stained glass windows at this Catholic church located in Middle River Calvert Hall College High School: $107,000 to support theatre stage lighting upgrades in the Marion Burk Knott Center for Performing Arts at this Catholic, college preparatory high school for boys located in Towson Irvine Nature Center: $17,000 to support an environmental education program for students at Cristo Rey Jesuit High School and St. Ignatius Loyola Academy Notre Dame Preparatory School: $80,000 to support auditorium lighting upgrades at this Catholic, college preparatory school in Towson serving girls in grades 6 – 12 Parks & People Foundation, Inc.: $50,000 to support the Branches environmental education and youth leadership internship program for middle and high school students in Baltimore City St. Agnes Catholic School: $47,000 to support technology upgrades at this Catholic, pre-K -8 school in Catonsville St. Augustine Catholic School: $80,000 to support electrical infrastructure upgrades at this this Catholic, pre-K-8 school in Elkridge St. Francis Neighborhood Center: $128,147 to support the Count on Me capital campaign for the expansion of this longstanding community center located in the Reservoir Hill neighborhood of Baltimore City St. Joseph School – Fullerton: $100,000 to support technology upgrades at this Catholic, pre-K-8 school in Baltimore County Heatlh Care MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital: $50,000 to support equipment purchases for the hospital’s Center for Successful Aging, which provides comprehensive geriatric services to patients ages 65 and older Marian House: $150,000 to support renovations of the former convent and rectory of the Blessed Sacrament Parish in Baltimore City to provide supportive housing for homeless women seeking to transform their lives Meals on Wheels of Central Maryland, Inc.: $45,000 to support the delivery of daily meals to homebound individuals currently on a waitlist for federal subsidies through the Older Americans Act Behind the Scenes of the Knott Foundation: Part III A Q&A with trustees about the family’s participation in our grantmaking process This is the third post in a multi-part series that explores a year in the life of the Knott Foundation behind the scenes Did you know that 93% of Knott Foundation trustees conducted one or more site visits in the community last year? This hands-on approach that our trustees take in our grantmaking process is one of the unique components of the Knott Foundation’s operations. In essence, our board of 28 family members from 3 generations functions not only as the governance body of the Foundation’s assets and charitable activities, but also as “a team of volunteer program officers” – evaluating grant requests, conducting site visits, and reporting back to their fellow board members each year. As part of our “behind the scenes” blog series, we’re taking a look at the inner workings of the Knott Foundation, from strategic planning to grantmaking. This is the third post in the three-part series: Part I (read it here) recapped our strategic journey over the past three years to share our donor intent and legacy, explore our own talents and resources, and create a common education base around community needs and conditions. Part II (read it here) examined what happens behind the scenes with grant applications – from the time a letter of inquiry comes in the door to when a final grant report is submitted. Part III (this post) features a Q&A with trustees about the family’s participation in our grantmaking process, including reflections on their giving philosophies and experiences as site visitors. Recently, I sat down with several longtime trustees of the Knott Foundation to hear their perspectives on how we approach our grantmaking and what they look for in grant requests. Below are excerpts from that conversation. How would you describe the involvement of our trustees in the grantmaking operations of the Foundation? Martin: We are very involved, not only from a screening perspective when an organization comes to us with a letter of inquiry, but beyond that. We go out on site visits to see organizations in action and meet the people involved, and then we write about it and share it with our fellow trustees. This work ultimately puts us in touch with the people we’re serving. Patrick: My grandfather was very hardworking, so it’s not surprising that we have a hardworking board as well. And while I don’t want to speak for everyone on the board, I think many people would say that doing site visits is their favorite thing that we do as trustees. Each cycle we get to select the grant application we want to evaluate. Kathleen sends us the materials, and we study them and prepare our site visit questions. After the visit we do our own write-up about the organization, the nuts and bolts of the request, and an assessment of their leadership and financial position. John: On a scale of 1 to 10, I would rate the involvement of our trustees as an 8. Obviously, some people are more involved than others, but we still rely on our professional staff to do some of the legwork each grant cycle. In your experience, what makes for a good site visit? John: Being prepared. Having the right people in the room and thinking of questions and issues ahead of time. But also being prepared to offer suggestions or be critical in front of them. We’re here to learn from you, but we’re also here to share our own perspective. I find that I can usually offer them a variety of suggestions or connect them to organizations that might be good partners. As a foundation operating in the Baltimore community for 40 years, we bring a huge amount of knowledge to the table. Visiting the nonprofit organizations we support creates meaningful opportunities for learning about the needs of our community. What are some trends, challenges, or opportunities that you see in the program areas we support? Lindsay: I see a trend in Catholic religious orders that are not prepared financially to take care of their aging populations. John: There is also a lot of consolidation of Catholic schools, parishes, and provinces going on. Patrick: I see a trend in programs that work with older youth in our city, where so many of the movers and shakers are new organizations that are founder-led and founder-driven. It makes me wonder what the sector will look like in 20 or 30 years, and how we can support these organizations now to ensure that their innovation and work continues for decades to come. What are some of the key ingredients you look for when evaluating a grant proposal? Martin: Statistics that demonstrate successful outcomes, along with trying to get a read on the leadership and make-up of the board – are they givers, raisers, what are their talents? Knowing they’ve executed the mission successfully and can back that up with data is important. John: The very first thing I look at is the professional leader’s experience and tenure. Board giving is also hugely important to me, because if an organization’s own board isn’t contributing financially, then why should we? Next I look at how many people are served, is the ask reasonable, and how well-prepared they are for the site visit. Any other thoughts or reflections you’d like to share with our grant applicants? John: Tone down the flowery language and stick to convincing facts. Patrick: I’d point out that we don’t always have the funds available to award every worthwhile grant that comes to our attention. There are lots of great organizations and programs strengthening the community, and we’re lucky to be able to support a few of them in that important work. Lindsay: When we as trustees meet with grant applicants is when we really find out about your impact in the community. A hallmark of the Foundation is the time we spend as trustees learning about your work, seeing your program in action, and then sharing your story with the rest of the board. I think we are all very thankful that we have that opportunity and grateful for our many grantees who’ve been so generous with their time and expertise over the past 40 years. Announcing our most recent grant recipients in Catholic activities, education, and human services We are pleased to announce that 14 organizations received over $800,000 in our June 2017 grant cycle. Church of the Nativity: $67,506 to support the purchase of liturgical elements to enrich the spiritual experience of parishoners and visistors alike at this growing Catholic parish in Lutherville Monsignor O’Dwyer Retreat House: $60,000 to support capital improvements to enhance the comfort and prayerful experience for youth and young adults visiting this Sparks-based Catholic retreat facility for the past 50 years St. Bernardine Church: $20,000 to support capital improvements to increase safety and access to this Catholic parish in the Edmondson Village neighborhood of Baltimore City St. Charles Borromeo Church: $31,639 as a 1:1 matching grant to support capital improvements at this Catholic parish in Pikesville Camp Puh’tok for Boys and Girls: $75,000 to support the participation of 50 low-income Baltimore City youth in the year-round Urban Youth Scholars Program at this 60 acre outdoor learning center in Northern Baltimore County Loyola Blakefield: $60,000 to support 1:1 technology access for students in need at this Jesuit, college preparatory school in Towson serving boys in grades 6 – 12 Maryvale Preparatory School: $100,000 to support STEM-related technology upgrades at this Catholic, independent school in Lutherville serving girls in grades 6 – 12 Saint John’s Catholic Prep: $40,000 to support technology upgrades at this Catholic, independent high school in Frederick County St. Elizabeth School: $58,353 to support capital improvements so that this Catholic, nonpublic, special education school in Baltimore City can serve more elementary-age students St. Ignatius Loyola Academy: $55,285 to support the expansion of technology and faculty training at this tuition-free, Jesuit school in Baltimore City for underserved boys in grades 5 – 8 St. John Regional Catholic School: $89,500 to support upgrades to the technology network and hardware inventory at this Catholic, pre-K-8 school in Frederick St. Michael – St. Clement School: $120,000 to support the purchase and integration of technology at this newly merged Catholic school in Baltimore serving students in grades pre-K-8 Franciscan Center: $33,335 as a 2:1 matching grant to support the capacity-building efforts of this Catholic outreach organization in Baltimore City, which has provided a continuum of basic services to the poor for nearly 50 years Paul’s Place: $30,000 to support general operating costs associated with the case management program at this anchor community organization, which is dedicated to improving the quality of life in Southwest Baltimore Video Release: The Knott Foundation’s History & Mission Celebrating 40 years of a family legacy of generosity to strengthen our community We are pleased to release a short film showcasing the history and mission of the Marion I. & Henry J. Knott Foundation. After four decades of grantmaking in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, we wanted to tell the story of who our founders were, why they created the Foundation, how multiple generations of the Knott family are involved in our work today, and how our founders’ vision and legacy continues to strengthen the community in and around Baltimore. Click here to watch the 6-minute film, or visit our homepage and click on the photo of Marion and Henry. We would like to thank all of the people who participated in the making of this film, including our grantees Caroline Center, St. Elizabeth School, and St. Francis Neighborhood Center, as well as Archbishop William Lori, Fr. Robert Leavitt, Peter Angelos, and members of the Knott family. It is an honor to steward the legacy of Marion and Henry Knott, and to share our story with you. Announcing our most recent grant recipients in arts & humanities, education, health care, and human services We are pleased to announce that 16 organizations received over $700,000 in our February 2017 grant cycle. Baltimore Center Stage: $50,000 to support this nationally recognized theater company’s accessibility for blind, deaf, and autistic populations Baltimore Chesapeake Bay Outward Bound School: $40,000 to support this experiential education organization’s Character & Leadership Initiative at two Catholic girls schools, Sisters Academy and Mercy High School Dyslexia Tutoring Program: $50,000 to support the general operations of this program delivering free, specialized tutoring services to low-income children and adults with language-based learning differences Mount St. Mary’s University: $40,000 to support equipment acquisition in the Division of Chemistry at this Catholic university in Emmitsburg St. Maria Goretti High School: $65,000 to support a 1:1 Chromebook initiative at this Catholic high school in Hagerstown St. Mark School: $100,000 to support technology upgrades at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Catonsville St. Stephen School: $60,000 to support the Academic Excellence in Reading Program at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Kingsville The Maryland School for the Blind: $45,073 to support the construction of a new accessible playground for students who are blind or visually impaired Trinity School: $82,400 to support technology upgrades at this K-8 Catholic school in Ellicott City Charm City Clinic: $17,000 to support the general operations of this volunteer-driven health care access organization serving low-income residents in East Baltimore Adoptions Together: $49,463 to support digital enhancements to the Heart Gallery, a physical display featuring adoptable children in foster care, as part of this organization’s mission to create lifelong connections for children in need CHANGE, Inc.: $25,000 to support renovations to their Respite Inn in Carroll County, where individuals with disabilities and their families can receive respite care Job Opportunities Task Force: $35,000 to support the general operating costs of Project JumpStart Mentoring, a new program pairing Baltimore City’s opportunty youth with successful graduates of JOTF’s cornerstone pre-apprencticeship workforce development program Maryland Farmers Market Association: $30,000 to support Maryland Market Money, a program designed to augment the food budgets of low-income residents while simultaneously supporting the livelihoods of local farmers Partners in Care: $45,000 to support the Member Care and Ride Partner Programs, which are designed to maintain and enhance the independence of older adults in Anne Arundel County Penn-Mar Human Services: $45,000 to support the Baltimore County operations of the Customized Integrated Employment Program, which places individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in community-based employment positions For a complete listing of our grant awards, please visit our past awards database. BOOST Grant Awards: Round I Announcing our first round of grant recipients in our Building Opportunities in Out-of-School Time initiative Our founders believed that education was the key to success, and that hard work combined with access to the right opportunities opened doors for people to become leaders in their communities. Our Building Opportunities in Out-of-School Time (BOOST) initiative is an extension of this donor intent and seeks to build opportunities in out-of-school time hours for older disadvantaged youth in Baltimore. In short, we believe that kids need committed and caring adults to help them navigate life, and that out-of-school time programs are a great avenue to help build those relationships and help them realize their full potential. Through our BOOST initiative, we’d like to see organizations demonstrate significant depth, duration, and reach of informal and formal mentoring relationships between older youth and caring adults. With those measures, research says in the long-term these youth will experience improved educational outcomes and labor market success, improved decision-making capabilities, and beneficial effects on a number of other well-being variables – all of which point to our founders’ deep-seated value of education, opportunity, and hard work. This year we are pleased to announce our first round of BOOST initiative grants, totaling $355,000 to four organizations in Baltimore. BOOST Awards: Round I Medical Education Resources Initiative for Teens (MERIT): $140,000 grant over four years ($35,000/year) to support the capacity-building efforts of this organization, which aims to eliminate health care disparities by transforming underrepresented Baltimore City high school students into health care leaders Next One Up: $40,000 grant over two years ($20,000/year) to support the general operations of this organization, which aims to transform the lives of young men in Baltimore City by supporting and advancing their academic, athletic, and social development Sisters Circle: $105,000 grant over three years ($35,000/year) to support the general operations of this organization, which offers long-term mentoring relationships for at-risk girls in Baltimore, empowering them to define success for themselves, make intentional decisions about their futures, and become self-sufficient young women Thread: $70,000 grant over two years ($35,000/year) to support salary expenses of this organization, which engages underperforming high school students in Baltimore City, provides them with a family of committed volunteer mentors, and encourages them to become self-motivated, resilient, and responsible citizens Weaving a network of life, hope, and charity “Weaving a Network of Life, Hope, and Charity” is the theme of our 2016 annual report. Through this theme we remark how organizations across the Archdiocese of Baltimore are weaving the threads of life, hope, and charity to create a more vibrant social fabric in the communities we serve. Announcing our most recent grant recipients in Catholic activities, education and human services. Franciscan Friars - Our Lady of the Angels Province, Inc.: $75,000 grant to support the Campaign for Carrollton Hall, which will expand retreat and conference space available to the public at the Friar’s headquarters in bucolic Howard County Jesuit Volunteer Corps: East: $15,000 grant to support the recruitment, training and on-going work of five Baltimore-based Jesuit Volunteers committed to serving the poor and marginalized Boys & Girls Clubs of Metropolitan Baltimore: $40,000 grant to support the Club at Gilmor Homes benefitting children ages 6-18 in the Sandtown Winchester/Harlem Park neighborhood of Baltimore City The Catholic High School of Baltimore: $75,000 grant to support the purchase of two mini-buses at this all-girls Catholic high school in Northeast Baltimore Monsignor Slade Catholic School: $59,000 grant to support the implementatoin of a mobile device program and teacher professional development at this pre-K – 8 Catholic school in Glen Burnie St. Francis of Assisi School: $65,420 grant to support the implementaion of a technology Master Plan at this pre-K – 8 Catholic school in Northeast Baltimore Associated Catholic Charities: $65,000 grant to support the St. Edward’s Workforce Development Center, an automotive job training program located in West Baltimore Baltimore Area Council, Boy Scouts of America: $10,000 grant to support the Law Enforcement Career Exploration Program, a career training program in law enforcement for boys and girls throughout the Baltimore area Family and Children's Services of Central Maryland: $40,000 grant to support the launch of a centralized intake system called Access FCS, creating a single point of entry and lowering barriers for individuals and families seeking behavioral health services Intersection of Change: $35,000 grant to support Martha’s Place, a recovery program for women overcoming drug addicition and homelessness in West Baltimore Living Classrooms Foundation: $48,457 grant to support general operating costs of Project SERVE, a community service and job-training program for unemployed and disadvantaged adults Pathfinders for Autism: $39,880 grant to support and expand the Community Safety Program, training law enforcement, fire, and EMS first responders across Central Maryland to more effectively interact with individuals on the autism spectrum The Religious Coalition for Emergency Human Needs: $40,000 grant to support the Emergency Family Shelter Program at this interfaith human service and emergency shelter provider in Frederick County St. Mary's Outreach Center: $35,000 grant to support operating costs for the Center, which improves the quality of life for older adults living in poverty in the greater Hampden community Behind the Scenes of the Knott Foundation: Part II A look at what happens behind the scenes with grant applications This is the second post in a multi-part series that explores a year in the life of the Knott Foundation behind the scenes Do you ever wonder what happens to your grant application after you click “submit”? Or who reads your final report once your grant is over? If so, this blog post is for you! As part of our “behind the scenes” blog series, we’re taking a look at the inner workings of the Knott Foundation from strategic planning to grantmaking. This is the second post in the three-part series: Part II (this post) examines what happens behind the scenes with grant applications – from the time a letter of inquiry comes in the door to when a final grant report is submitted. Part III will feature a Q&A with trustees about the family’s participation in our grantmaking process, including reflections on their giving philosophies and experiences as site visitors. Letters of Inquiry Our grantmaking process starts with registration in our online Grants Portal and submission of a letter of inquiry. Nearing the deadline, our Grants Manager, Kathleen, starts processing all of the letters that are submitted. Your letter merges into a template, with key information at the top (organization name and address, request amount, project title, etc.) and the body of your letter below. We also include a chart of your funding history and attach your one-page Financial Analysis Form. All of the letters and financial forms are organized by program area and sent to a committee of our board who review the letters three times a year. The committee spends a couple weeks looking through the information and then meets to discuss the submissions. Each cycle we receive approximately 60 letters of inquiry. In the end we only invite 1 in 4 applicants to submit a full proposal – more a factor of our own limited resources than anything else. Notably, while education is our largest program area in terms of funding, about half of the letters we receive each year are in the human services program area. By the end of the month we notify every applicant via email whether your letter of inquiry was advanced or not. Sometimes applicants will call (understandably) to find out why their letter was not advanced. While we’re always happy to take a call or respond to an email, it’s rare that we have any specific feedback for applicants (other than we simply didn’t have enough resources to bring them in). Full Proposals The full proposal process starts with a phone call and a conversation with Kathleen. She walks you through the application guidelines and what to expect, and emails you a link to the full proposal template in our Grants Portal. One unique feature of this stage in our process is the opportunity to have Kathleen review a draft of your proposal. A good number of our applicants take advantage of this opportunity each cycle, and Kathleen shares her feedback through the Grants Portal. We see this as a great opportunity for knowledge-sharing: we learn from the information contained in your proposal, and we’re also able to ask questions or share ideas that we’ve gleaned from others who have done similar projects in the past. Once you submit your full proposal and all of the required attachments, your proposal is merged into a template (similar to the letter of inquiry). A list of all of the applicants is sent to a committee of our board who votes on grants, and each committee member selects which organization(s) they want to explore. About a month or so after submitting your full proposal, a trustee or staff member will usually contact you to schedule a site visit. That person will have all of the information you submitted with your grant application, as well as a copy of your post grant report from your most recent grant (if applicable). Once the site visits are complete, the committee meets to discuss and vote on each proposal. While the letter of inquiry process is highly competitive (with only 1 in 4 applications advanced), by the full proposal stage the odds are much better: about 80% of our applicants receive at least a portion of what they asked for. After this meeting, we call you to relay the news about your proposal, regardless of the outcome. A few years ago my colleague, Kathleen, spearheaded a new modality for interim reporting: phone conversations! For years we used to require our grantees submit a written report at the 6-month mark of their grant; however, Kathleen knew from her experience as our Grants Manager that the information exchange could be (and would be) better over the phone. For this step, Kathleen contacts you to schedule the phone conversation. Each conversation typically lasts about 30 minutes. Some organizations delegate the call to their development person, while others pull in one or more program people to discuss the details of the grant-funded project. Either way the conversation is fruitful; both parties can ask questions, link to other resources, problem-solve, or even brainstorm new ideas. Throughout these phone conversations, Kathleen takes notes. She shares her notes with me and the trustee who conducted the original site visit for the grant. Over time, these interim phone conversations have become an integral part of our knowledge gathering and knowledge sharing in the field. Post Grant Reports At the end of each grant, a post grant report is due. Unlike the interim report, this is a written report prepared by the grantee that recaps the challenges and successes encountered during the grant period. Kathleen reviews all of the reports and prepares a brief summary of each. I review both the summaries and the reports, and if there are no issues, we officially “close” the grant in our system. Like our notes from the interim report conversations, your post grant report is shared with the trustee who conducted the original site visit. But your report ALSO becomes part of your next grant application, as we seek to incorporate an assessment of your previous stewardship into any new request for funding. So that’s it – our grant process from soup to nuts! I hope this post has given you a window into what happens “behind the scenes” once your letter of inquiry, full proposal, and grant reports are submitted. If you have any input on our process from your standpoint – timing, requirements, feedback, etc. – please feel free to share it with us at knott@knottfoundation.org. Announcing our most recent grant recipients in arts & humanities, education and human services. Port Discovery Children’s Museum: $31,203 grant to support the delivery of the STEMventures after school program to children in grades 3 – 6 attending the four Catholic community schools in Baltimore City Archdiocese of Baltimore: $50,000 grant to support the Smart Classroom initiative designed to enhance 21st Century technology opportunities in the four Catholic community schools in Baltimore City Cristo Rey Jesuit High School: $50,600 grant to support technology upgrades at this Catholic high school in Baltimore City Institute of Notre Dame: $143,000 grant to support technology and security upgrades at this all-girls Catholic high school in Baltimore City Our Lady of Hope/St. Luke School: $61,590 grant to support Chromebooks for the middle school and associated infrastructure upgrades at this pre-K – 8 Catholic school in Dundalk Saint Ursula School: $89,000 grant to support a Chromebook initiative at this pre-K – 8 Catholic school in Baltimore County Sisters Academy of Baltimore: $50,000 grant to support development operations at this all-girls, tuition-free Catholic middle school in southwest Baltimore Catholic Charities: $72,123 grant to support a technology upgrade designed to improve employee mobility, system access and security, and quality of care at the largest private human services provider in Maryland Helping Up Mission: $40,000 grant to support general operating costs associated with the Education and Workforce Development program at this 130-year-old organization serving homeless, poor, and addicted men in Baltimore City Itineris: $100,000 grant to support the acquisition of additional building space to expand the availability of services for adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Baltimore City For a complete listing of our grant awards from previous cycles, please visit our past awards database. Behind the Scenes of the Knott Foundation: Part I Recapping our strategic journey over the past three years This is the first post in a multi-part series that explores a year in the life of the Knott Foundation behind the scenes Transparency, in a nutshell, is about openness and accountability. To operate transparently, I believe our foundation must provide the broader community with relevant and timely information about our work, our operations and processes, and what we’re learning. A valuable byproduct of this sharing is that it opens the floor for discussion and participation from our stakeholders, promoting our own accountability to the community. Having been in the grantseeker role myself, I understand that people might be curious about what’s happening “behind the scenes” in our office (or any private foundation for that matter). While there’s a lot of information on our website, and we’re always happy to talk over the phone, there may still be some big, unanswered questions. For example: When and how do we reflect on our work? What strategic thinking have we been doing over the past few years? How is the Knott family involved in our grantmaking process, and how do their professional and personal experiences help inform their work? And what exactly happens to that letter of inquiry, grant proposal, or post grant report that you write once it’s submitted? To help answer these questions, I’m launching a blog series to explore a year in the life of the Knott Foundation behind the scenes. Here’s an outline of what you can expect to learn from these blog posts: Part I (this post) recaps our strategic journey over the past three years to share our donor intent and legacy, explore our own talents and resources, and create a common education base around community needs and conditions. Part II will examine what happens behind the scenes with grant applications – from the time a letter of inquiry comes in the door to when a final grant report is submitted. To begin, we’ve spent the last three years reflecting on three important components of our work: our donor intent and legacy, our foundation talents and resources, and our community needs and conditions. All of these components play a role in guiding our strategic direction as a Catholic family foundation in the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Our Donor Intent and Legacy One way of positioning donor intent is through three basic, formative questions I believe all foundations must answer about their giving: why, what, and how. Donor intent is the why. It illustrates the values that motivated our founders to give back in the ways that they did. In the words of business writers Jim Collins and Jerry Porras, “It is more important to know who you are than where you are going, for where you are going will change as the world around you changes” (Building Your Company’s Vision, Harvard Business Review, 1996). For a family foundation like ours, donor intent is that identity, that stable force in an ever-changing world, which Collins and Porras allude to. In 2014, after researching our donor intent and discussing it at a foundation retreat, we decided to share more about the legacy of our founders through the program pages on our website. There, you can find information about why Mr. and Mrs. Knott cared so deeply about supporting communities in the Archdiocese of Baltimore through giving to education, human services, health care, arts and humanities, and the Catholic Church. The values embodied in these stories are the guiding force behind our role as grantmakers entrusted with honoring the legacy of our founders. Our Talents and Resources Yet even with a shared understanding of our donor intent, it’s worth noting that our board looks very different today than it did when Mr. and Mrs. Knott established the Foundation 39 years ago. Twenty-nine Knott family members serve as trustees, representing three generations of the Knott family – the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of Marion and Henry Knott. With this many voices in the boardroom, it has been important for us to understand and reflect on our own talents and resources as a grantmaking foundation, and to be mindful in how we approach our work. We do this by taking a global view of our grantmaking – evaluating application and award statistics by each program area, for instance – as well as discussing our own tolerance for risk, expectations for results, passion for our work, and capabilities as a small-staffed foundation. Our Community Needs and Conditions Another important piece of the strategy puzzle for family foundations is external in nature – it’s all about community needs and conditions. Last year I had the opportunity to formally consult with more than 25 high-level experts representing all sectors of our giving – executive directors, school principals, researchers, program staff, national advocates, and other grantmakers. These practitioners painted a picture of some of the key challenges facing our community and pointed us to important resources to further our learning. The Knott Foundation's board examined these findings at a retreat, spending time discussing the landscape of our ever-changing community, reflecting on our own giving, and determining how best to advance our mission to strengthen the community within the panoply of pressing needs that exist now. So what do these three components have in common? They all intersect to help us manage our own strategic direction as a foundation. Our founders saw a whole community of needs, which is reflected today in our broad programmatic focus and open application process. At the same time, Mr. and Mrs. Knott were steadfast in their dedication to education and the Catholic faith; they saw the Church as an anchor institution poised to address a wide spectrum of societal needs. Therefore, within our five program areas we continue to prioritize education and Catholic organizations because they were of central importance to our founders and remain important to both our current board and the Maryland community. Next year, we’ll also initiate a small-scale, proactive funding portfolio in the out-of-school time space. This portfolio will focus on helping disadvantaged older youth in Baltimore City, especially through informal and formal mentoring relationships between youth and caring adults. I look forward to sharing more about this initiative and what we learn from it over time. Ultimately our goal is to steward the resources entrusted to us by honoring the intent of our original donors, accommodating the preferences of our current board, and responding to the conditions of the present community. In this way, we remain true to our roots as a family foundation seeking to strengthen the community here in Maryland. FOCUS (Fellowship of Catholic University Students): $50,000 grant to support this organization’s expansion to Towson University, inviting college students into a growing relationship with their faith and the Catholic Church Ignatian Volunteer Corps.: $25,000 grant to support the Baltimore-based capacity building efforts of this Catholic, volunteer service organization for men and women over the age of 50 Saint Clare Parish: $50,000 grant to support capital improvements to the interior church at this 60-year-old Catholic parish located in Essex, Maryland St. Vincent De Paul Roman Catholic Church: $12,840 grant to support the church’s Resource Exchange Program, which seeks to turn houses into homes for the formerly homeless Acts4Youth: $10,000 grant to support two comprehensive mentoring programs, Game Plan to Manhood and Shine Into Womanhood, serving at-risk youth in Baltimore City elementary, middle, and high schools Druid Heights Community Development Corps: $30,000 grant to support year-round programming for youth living in the Druid Heights neighborhood of Baltimore City Higher Achievement Baltimore: $45,000 grant to support the general operations and technological capacity of this academic focused after-school program serving youth in grades 4 through 8 in Baltimore City Junior Achievement of Central Maryland: $30,000 grant to support the implementation of the JA Career Success and JA Build Your Future career prep and life success programs for early high school students in the Archdiocese of Baltimore Mercy High School: $76,150 grant to support technology upgrades at this all-girls Catholic high school in Baltimore City St. John the Evangelist Catholic School (Long Green): $50,000 grant to support a technology expansion, including 1:1 devices for the middle school, at this preK-8 Catholic school in Baltimore County Soccer Without Borders Baltimore: $35,000 grant to support this comprehensive afterschool program for newcomer refugee students in middle and high school in Baltimore City South Baltimore Learning Center: $45,500 grant to support the development and execution of a new marketing and outreach plan for this community-based organization focused on educationally disadvantaged adult learners in Baltimore City Gilchrist Center Baltimore - Joseph Richey Hospice: $50,000 grant to support operating costs for providing compassionate inpatient hospice care in Baltimore City CASA of Allegany County: $25,000 grant to support efforts to recruit, screen, train, and support new volunteer advocates for children in the custody of the court in Allegany County Caroline Center: $50,000 grant to support the expansion of this Catholic, tuition-free employment training program for women in health care to Baltimore City’s Westside Catholic Charities: $64,100 grant to support the implementation of a professional mentoring program for teachers at their Catholic Charities Head Start of Baltimore City program Harford Community Action Agency, Inc.: $25,740 grant to support the expansion of their foodbank/pantry hours to reach more individuals and families in Harford County who are experiencing financial hardships Moveable Feast: $49,500 grant to support architectural design costs for this “food as medicine” organization’s renovation work as part of the Sustain the Feast, Secure the Future capital campaign Bringing people together “under one roof” across Maryland Last year painted a dichotomous picture of our community. On the one hand, we observed the noble ministry of nonprofits working tirelessly to help meet the spiritual, educational, social, and cultural needs of people all across Maryland. On the other hand, we also witnessed unrest in the wake of Freddie Gray’s death that plainly exposed the many structural inequities facing our city. “Under One Roof” is the theme of our 2015 annual report. Through this theme we express optimism in our potential to bring people living in the Archdiocese of Baltimore closer in communion with one another, and to promote opportunity for all people. I hope you enjoy reading our 2015 annual report and learning more about the Knott Foundation’s legacy as well as the many inspiring stories behind the grants that we award. Knott Foundation Featured in Catholic Review Article explores how Knott grants to Catholic schools change students’ lives The February 2016 Catholic Review magazine features an article by Mary K. Tilghman that explores how our grants to Catholic schools improve students’ lives. Education is our largest program area, and we’re proud to have awarded over $4 million to Catholic schools in the Archdiocese of Baltimore over the last five years. In 2015 alone, we awarded just over $1 million to Catholic schools, which equates to approximately 45% of our aggregate grantmaking distributions that year. Beyond these numbers, however, is a story at each and every school illustrating how students are benefiting from the “whole package” that Catholic education offers: the character development it nurtures in students; the moral stability it provides to the community; the motivation it provides to students who are excelling academically; and the doors it opens for students who may have limited access to opportunity. Our founders believed that education was the key to success, and that hard work combined with access to a quality education was the foundation from which all people could become active citizens, ready to give back and become leaders in their communities. We thank the Catholic Review for highlighting our work in this area, and we hope you enjoy reading the article yourself. We are pleased to announce that 14 organizations received over $700,000 in our October 2015 grant cycle. St.Francis Xavier Parish: $85,175 grant to support capital improvements to this historic church in East Baltimore, known as the first African American Catholic church community in the United States Immaculate Conception School: $90,000 grant to support capital improvements to this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Baltimore County Mother Seton Academy: $40,000 grant to support school-wide technology upgrades at this co-ed, tuition-free Catholic middle school in Baltimore City Mother Seton School: $30,000 grant to support the purchase and installation of interactive projectors in classrooms at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Emmitsburg Our Lady of Perpetual Help School: $36,000 grant to support a Chromebook initiative for grades 4 through 8 at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Howard County Sacred Heart School of Glyndon: $60,000 grant to support a 1:1 technology initiative for grades 6 through 8 at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Baltimore County Seton Keough High School: $47,363 grant to support technology infrastructure upgrades at this all-girls Catholic high school in Baltimore City Visitation Academy: $90,665 grant to support capital improvements to this historic, all-girls pre-K-8 Catholic school in Frederick Big Brothers Big Sisters of the Greater Chesapeake: $35,000 grant to support a technology upgrade to enable this mentoring organization to match more children with a caring adult and realize greater operational efficiencies Hampden Family Center: $65,000 grant to support capital improvements to this “community hub” that offers educational and support services to families, children, youth, and senior citizens living in the Hampden neighborhood of Baltimore City Manna House, Inc.: $40,000 grant to support the hiring of two new staff to assist this day shelter for the homeless reach more individuals in need in Baltimore City Meals on Wheels of Central MD., Inc.: $40,000 grant to support the Case Management and Client Services program, designed to help homebound people remain in their homes by connecting them to critical services Parks & People Foundation: $46,243 grant to support the BRANCHES youth job program for middle and high school youth in the Mondawmin community in Baltimore City St. Vincent de Paul of Baltimore: $40,000 grant to support a technology upgrade that will help unify multiple program sites for improved data collection, program delivery, and mission advancement at this human-serving organization located in Baltimore City Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur - Tri-Province Development Office: $100,000 grant to support the retirement health care needs of sisters residing in the Archdiocese of Baltimore Boys Hope Girls Hope of Baltimore: $48,000 grant to support operating costs for 16 scholars, ages 10-18, residing in the boys and girls homes in Baltimore City St. Augustine Catholic School: $45,750 grant to support an educational technology upgrade project including iPads, projectors, software, and teacher training at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Howard County St. Mary Catholic School: $46,970 grant to support new computers for the student computer lab, faculty, and staff at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Washington County St. Philip Neri School: $70,000 grant to support technology including infrastructure upgrades, a mobile device program for students, and professional development at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Anne Arundel County St. Pius X School: $82,500 grant to support technology including infrastructure upgrades and tablet devices for students at this pre-K-8 Catholic school in Baltimore County Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital: $67,500 grant to support the upgrade of a simulation lab to educate medical staff and help prepare families to care for children with special medical conditions University of Maryland St. Joseph Medical Center Foundation: $75,000 grant to support architectural planning and design costs associated with the hospital's renovation and expansion of the Mother Baby Unit Catholic Charities: $52,480 grant to support the hiring of a case manager for My Sister's Place Women's Center's Learn to Earn Internship Program, which helps women in Baltimore City experiencing poverty and homelessness obtain employment and housing H.O.P.E. (For All): $22,000 grant to support general operating costs associated with the Turning Houses into Homes Program, which assists formerly homeless families and individuals in Anne Arundel County secure furniture and household items when they begin again in their own home House of Ruth: $25,000 grant to support the hiring of a bilingual child therapist for the Adelante Familia program, serving Hispanic/Latino children and parents in the Highlandtown neighborhood of Baltimore City Maryland Food Bank: $75,000 grant to support this hunger relief agency’s food safety initiative by upgrading their main distribution warehouse in Baltimore Paul's Place Outreach Center: $30,000 grant to support case management in the STABLE housing program, which seeks to rapidly re-house individuals experiencing chronic homelessness and prevent first-time homelessness in the Pigtown neighborhood of Baltimore City Connecting to the vision and values of our founders It is my pleasure to announce the publication of our 2014 annual report! In 2014, we came together to explore and formalize the values and principles behind our founders’ generosity to people and organizations in the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Consequently, in addition to stories about the impact of our grant awards, our 2014 annual report features short narratives about Henry and Marion Knott and how they lived their lives. These narratives and the values that they stand for inform our work as a Catholic family foundation committed to nurturing family unity and strengthening the community. On a more personal note, I would like to remark on the passing of our beloved trustee, Alice Voelkel, at the end of last year. Alice was the third of Henry and Marion Knott’s 13 children. She was a past president of the Knott Foundation and a charter trustee, serving for 37 years on our board. She will be dearly missed. I hope you enjoy reading our 2014 annual report and learning more about the Knott Foundation’s story and the many wonderful stories behind the grants that we award. Art With A Heart: $20,000 grant to support general operating costs associated with the Youth Entrepreneurship Program serving at-risk youth ages 16-24 Archbishop Spalding High School: $150,000 grant to support this Catholic high school’s Keeping the Promise Campaign by purchasing seating for the renovated auditorium Bishop Walsh School: $81,275 grant to support technology upgrades including interactive display systems and iPads for this pre-K-12 Catholic school located in Cumberland, Maryland Boys & Girls Clubs of Harford County: $45,240 grant to support the STEM Technology Refresh project benefitting children ages 5-18 at four of the Club’s locations Downtown Sailing Center: $25,588 grant to support salaries related to the organization’s STEM Summer Program, which provides hands-on STEM enrichment to 80 low-income children from Baltimore City and County Dyslexia Tutoring Program: $40,000 grant to support operating costs to deliver free specialized tutoring services to low-income children and adults who are dyslexic or have a language-based learning disability John Carroll School: $40,000 grant to support the acquisition of architectural designs for the renovation of the Academic Wing at this Catholic high school in Harford County St. Elizabeth School: $43,764 grant to support the replacement of carpeting throughout this Catholic school serving children with special needs age 6-21 St. Francis Neighborhood Center: $40,000 grant to support this community-based organization’s Power Project, an after-school program for children ages 5-14 in the Reservoir Hill neighborhood of Baltimore City St. Michael the Archangel School: $45,000 grant to support technology infrastructure upgrades, projectors, and the installation of an interactive weather station at this pre-K-8 Catholic school Trinity School: $55,000 grant to support renovations to St. Lidwine’s Hall at this pre-K-8 Catholic school Good Shepherd Services: $90,000 grant to support renovations to two residential units, providing housing and therapeutic services to youth ages 13-21 who are experiencing severe mental health and emotional disorders Shepherd's Clinic: $35,000 grant to support operating costs to provide health care to uninsured and underserved adults age 19-64 living in northeast Baltimore Assistance Center of Towson Churches: $10,000 grant to support emergency assistance with evictions, utility turn offs, and medicine for people in need living in Baltimore City and County Cash Flow Loans Helping organizations make ends meet in times of uncertainty Financial uncertainty is more common than not in the nonprofit world. One estimate says that approximately one-third of all nonprofits operate in a constant state of financial distress (Mattocks, Zone of Insolvency, 2008). For others, financial distress can come at a moment’s notice. A late grant payment, a pending insurance claim for a major repair, or a lackluster fundraiser can make it difficult for organizations to make ends meet in any given month. The Knott Foundation can serve as a source of help. In 2003, we began offering cash flow loans to qualifying nonprofits that meet our eligibility guidelines. In brief, we have the ability to provide short-term loans of $10,000-$25,000 with favorable rates and a quick turnaround time to nonprofits experiencing delayed receivables. You can learn more about the cash flow loan program and how to apply on our website. Over the last 12 years, we’ve awarded 38 loans totaling $739,500. As of the date of this posting, all of the funds have been paid back to the Foundation. Many organizations have benefited and, while the number of loans awarded each year reached its peak in 2008, we continue to respond to inquiries and accept applications. A few years ago we highlighted a story about one of our cash flow loan recipients and their journey with fundraising after undergoing a leadership transition. That story is just one example of how an organization experiencing unforeseen financial distress can benefit from a small loan to bridge a critical moment in time. Cash flow loans are just one tool that we’ve been able to use to help make a difference in the day-to-day operations of the nonprofits we support. If you are interested in learning more about the program or applying for a loan, please take a moment to review our website or call our office. Jesuit Volunteer Corps: $20,000 grant to support the recruitment, training and on-going work of five Baltimore-based Jesuit Volunteers committed to serving the poor and marginalized Catholic High School of Baltimore: $100,000 grant to support the school’s first capital campaign and the McCafferty Visual & Performing Arts Program by renovating the auditorium’s production booth Code in the Schools: $20,000 grant to support operating costs for this out-of-school time program’s work teaching computer coding to underserved and under-represented youth in Baltimore City Notre Dame of Maryland University: $80,000 grant to support the Academy of Catholic School Educators (ACES) program and the creation of a model 21st century classroom and technology center for the professional development of K-12 Catholic school educators in the Archdiocese of Baltimore Hospice of the Chesapeake: $45,000 grant to support the expansion of the Chesapeake Kids Perinatal Pediatric Palliative Program providing a continuum of care for families and children diagnosed with a life-limiting illness Baltimore Child Abuse Center: $50,000 grant to support the expansion of the Family Advocacy Program and an additional Family Advocate who will serve child witnesses to violence in Baltimore City Catholic Charities: $50,000 grant to support the work of the Community Cares Outreach Worker in Western Maryland who connects households in crisis with resources in Allegany and Garrett counties Franciscan Center: $41,205 grant to support the work of the Volunteer and In-kind Coordinator at this comprehensive direct service outreach agency serving all zip codes in Baltimore City Govans Ecumenical Development Corporation: $35,000 grant to support operating costs for this housing and supportive service organization’s Community Services/CARES programs, which help move individuals from crisis to stability Light House Shelter: $20,000 grant to support advanced culinary job training and field catering experience for individuals in Anne Arundel County who are homeless or at risk of homelessness Marian House: $95,000 grant to support capital upgrades to the organization’s headquarters, which provides transitional, supportive housing for homeless women and children Maryland Center for Veterans Education & Training: $57,705 grant to support the Homeless Veterans Emergency Services Program by improving classroom instruction for homeless veterans and enhancing the organization’s marketing and outreach efforts Pathfinders for Autism: $48,533 grant to expand the organization’s Community Safety Program, which trains first responders to more effectively interact with individuals who have autism spectrum disorders St. Mary’s Outreach Center: $35,000 grant to support operating costs for the Center, which improves the quality of life for older adults living in poverty in the greater Hampden community YMCA of Cumberland: $62,311 grant to support capital upgrades to the Y’s Gilchrist Center, which provides housing for low-income, homeless, and disabled persons in Allegany county Announcing our most recent grant recipients in education and Catholic activities Boys & Girls Clubs of Metro Baltimore: $35,000 grant to support the Be Great Summer Club Program at five sites in Baltimore City Immaculate Heart of Mary School: $45,000 grant to support the expansion of technology at this pre-K-8 Catholic school, including tablets for 8th grade students Maryland School for the Blind: $52,035 grant to support assistive technology and learning resources for students with multiple disabilities Mount de Sales Academy: $50,000 grant to support the technology integration program at this Catholic high school for girls, including outfitting classrooms with projectors, upgrading wireless capabilities, and purchasing a mobile laptop cart Mount Saint Joseph High School: $120,000 grant to support a campus-wide technology upgrade at this Catholic high school for boys, including replacement of their existing 1GB fiber connections between buildings Notre Dame Prep School: $80,623 grant to support the construction of a Science-Technology-Engineering-Art-Math (STEAM) Center at this Catholic middle/high school for girls St. Frances Academy: $30,000 grant to support the expansion of the after-school program at the Cosby Community Center, which serves the broader Brentwood Village/Johnston Square community in Baltimore City St. John Catholic School (Westminster): $60,000 grant to support the upgrade of this pre-K-8 Catholic school’s technology, including iPads for middle school students and faculty St. Joseph School (Cockeysville): $35,000 grant to support the construction of a playground at this pre-K-8 Catholic school St. Maria Goretti High School: $80,000 grant to support the renovation of this Catholic high school’s chemistry and physics lab The Josephites: $60,000 challenge grant to support this religious society of priests serving the African-American community by building their capacity to sustain their operations in the Archdiocese of Baltimore Saint Margaret Church: $90,000 grant to support the renovation of their church building Congratulations Chae By Carol Hoffman, Kathleen McCarthy, and Kelly Medinger Celebrating the recent graduation of our intern from Cristo Rey Jesuit High School In life, we often meet someone who demonstrates a special quality that you cannot really describe. They exude an energy that you know will carry them far. We at the Knott Foundation met one such individual when Mr. Chae Aaron Harris walked through our doors in 2010. Chae came to us through Cristo Rey Jesuit High School’s Corporate Internship Program, a unique funding model whereby students contribute to the cost of their education through work partnerships with local employers. Through this program, Chae was a member of the Knott Foundation team for two years. Chae has long been interested in music, writing songs, and performing. In addition to singing at his church, he has written many of his own lyrics and occasionally sang them to his “beats” in our office! He recently performed in the play, “Lost Now Found,” at Victorious Ministries International and is working on a mixed-tape entitled, “Music Forever, Part 1.” It’s hard to believe that Chae graduated from high school this past weekend. Yet it is exciting to watch him enter another stage of his life. Chae applied to six colleges and was accepted to the Community College of Baltimore County. He is still awaiting news from several other schools. Wherever he lands, he plans to major in music. This summer, Chae will be working two jobs in order to help with college expenses. While Chae gained worthwhile work experience during his time with us, we benefitted as well by seeing his tenacity, curiosity and talents grow. We also saw first-hand how opening doors of opportunity for talented, faith-filled students like those at Cristo Rey helps to create a stronger, more vibrant community. We are so proud of Chae and all of the other Class of 2014 graduates who are starting their next journey, and we remain thankful for everyone who has helped them along the way. Painting a broader picture of the impact we’re having on people and communities in the Archdiocese of Baltimore By weaving together outcomes from grants in our five program areas, our annual report paints a broader picture of the impact the Knott Foundation and our grantees are having on people and communities in the Archdiocese of Baltimore. I hope you enjoy this publication and the many wonderful stories behind the grants that we award. Announcing our most recent grant recipients in education, Catholic activities, human services and health care Enoch Pratt Free Library: $44,000 grant to support the expansion of the eLibrary and Gale Virtual Reference Library Our Lady of Hope/St. Luke School: $24,371 grant to support the upgrade of this pre-K-8 Catholic school’s computer lab and network School of the Incarnation: $67,000 grant to support Phase II of this pre-K-8 Catholic school’s technology initiative, including network upgrades and the purchase of new hardware Village Learning Place: $31,224 grant to support the LINK (Let's Invest in Neighborhood Kids) initiative, a free after school and summer program for students in the Charles Village neighborhood School Sisters of Notre Dame: $24,768 grant to support Villa Assumpta, a retirement facility for religious sisters, through the acquisition of much-needed equipment At Jacob's Well: $25,000 grant to support case management services for mentally ill, homeless men and women in a transitional housing program Caroline Center: $50,000 grant to support operational costs for this organization’s tuition-free career and life skills educational program for unemployed and underemployed women in Baltimore CASA of Allegany County: $15,000 grant to support the recruiting, screening, and training of CASA volunteers to serve Allegany County’s abused and neglected children Family Tree: $40,000 grant to support family strengthening, school enhancing services at four Catholic schools in Baltimore City Historic East Baltimore Community Action Coalition: $25,000 grant to support the new position of a Director/Program Manager for the Baltimore Food Enterprise Center, providing economic and workforce development opportunities in a growing local food economy in East Baltimore HopeWell Cancer Support: $32,699 grant to support technology upgrades to help this organization improve education, outreach, and support to individuals and families dealing with cancer Job Opportunities Task Force: $25,000 grant to support JumpStart, a pre-apprenticeship training program in the building and construction trades for underserved, low-income Baltimore City residents Moveable Feast: $45,000 grant to support operating costs for the Culinary Training Program, providing job training and placement to underemployed adults in Baltimore who have a passion for food The Arc Baltimore: $17,400 grant to support this organization’s Parent’s Day Out Program at four Catholic parishes, offering respite for parents and caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities The Arc Carroll County: $40,000 grant to support the position of an Autism Coordinator to help craft Carroll County’s first autism program Brook Lane Health Services: $50,000 grant to support the expansion of a facility that will provide 14 additional beds for inpatient psychiatric care for children and adolescents Gilchrist Hospice Care: $40,000 grant to support the Gilchrist Kids program that provides compassionate end of life care to children and those who love them Mission of Mercy: $42,000 grant to support the expansion of this community-based mobile health clinic by providing one additional day of service per month at their Reisterstown Clinic in Baltimore County Ulman Cancer Fund for Young Adults: $75,000 grant to support capital costs associated with the construction of a comfortable, multi-dimensional, supportive housing community in East Baltimore for young adults with cancer and their caregivers A snapshot of facts and figures about us, our giving, and the Knott family legacy Oftentimes my favorite part of a publication is the “by the numbers” section. (I can’t seem to resist a cleanly presented package of numbers that tells a bigger story!) So, I thought it would be interesting and useful to present a few facts and figures about the Knott Foundation, our giving, and the family’s historic legacy. $57 million in assets as of December 31, 2013 30 Knott family members serve on our Board of Trustees 3 full-time staff members work in our office 83% of Trustees conducted a site visit in 2013 15 years is the average tenure of our Trustees About Our Giving 3 grant cycles are held in February, June and October Approximately 200 letters of inquiry are received Approximately 50 grants totaling around $2 million are awarded $40,000 was our median grant in 2013 $120,000 was our largest grant in 2013 Education is our largest program area About the Knott Family Legacy 13 children were borne to Marion & Henry Knott 257 people now make up the Knott family – direct descendants of Marion & Henry Knott, their spouses, and children 3 generations of the Knott family serve on our Board of Trustees More than $50 million in grants have gone to help communities in the Archdiocese of Baltimore since our founding in 1977 As a premier Catholic family foundation in Maryland, we have the dual purpose to strengthen our community in the Archdiocese of Baltimore and promote family unity. With this mission in mind, we look forward to expanding these numbers in the future and continuing to tell our story for many years to come. We've expanded our communications mission through a refined website design In refining the design, we’ve also expanded our communications mission: Our aim is to paint a vivid picture of who we are and share in real-time what we’re learning. As such, one of the new features on our website is a blog where we’ll post foundation news, spotlight stories about our grantees, and our key learnings from the field. We’ve also incorporated an embedded search function on the site and built program pages to showcase our giving in our five program areas: arts and humanities, Catholic activities, education, health care, and human services. Beyond these changes, we want to assure you that grant seekers still have the ability to: Check eligibility requirements for applying for a grant Search past grant awards Review how to apply for a foundation grant, cash flow loan, or discretionary grant Access reporting requirements If you have any feedback about our new website, please send it to knott@knottfoundation.org. We would add that our new website is best viewed in the most recent version of popular web browsers (Internet Explorer version 10 or above, Firefox, and Google Chrome). We look forward to staying in touch via our e-newsletter. In the meantime, please accept our warm wishes for a safe, healthy, and prosperous new year! Appointment of New Executive Director On behalf of the Board of Trustees of the Marion I. & Henry J. Knott Foundation, I am delighted to announce the appointment of our new Executive Director, Kelly Medinger. Many of you know Kelly from her former role as our Program and Communications Associate. Joining the Foundation in March 2011, she excelled in her work, and in our evaluation, exhibited competency and strength beyond that position. As Executive Director, her new responsibilities include managing the general operations of the Foundation, supporting board membership and development, overseeing our grantmaking efforts, and guiding and carrying out our strategic direction. Since graduating with honors from the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana, Kelly's career in the philanthropic giving arena has spanned 12 years. Prior to joining the Foundation, she served as a Program Officer at The Goizueta Foundation in Atlanta, a private family foundation with Catholic roots. Upon moving to Baltimore in 2007, she became the Director of Corporate, Foundation and Government Relations at Stevenson University. You can learn more about Kelly by clicking here. Kelly's appointment comes at an important time for the Knott Foundation. This past year we celebrated 35 years of grantmaking. With three generations and 30 family members on our Board, we are confident that Kelly will serve the Foundation, the Knott family, and the Maryland nonprofit community with enthusiasm and thoughtfulness - as we have learned is her way. "It is an honor and a privilege to be selected for this role," shared Kelly. "And I very much look forward to working with our trustees, grantees, fellow funders, and community leaders to help carry out the mission of the Foundation and the inspiring legacy of our founders, Marion I. and Henry J. Knott." Alongside our Board of Trustees and our dedicated professional staff, Carol and Kathleen, we invite you to extend a warm welcome to Kelly in her new role. We are extremely grateful to have her talent and leadership at the Knott Foundation. Thank you for all that you do to support our community, and please accept our best wishes for a joyous and successful new year.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5769
__label__wiki	0.7979	0.7979	Construction Team Celebrates "Topping-Out" of the General Academic Building No. 1 at UMass Boston On April 30, 2014, MA Senate President Therese Murray, UMass Boston Chancellor J. Keith Motley, UMass Building Authority Chairman Phil Johnston and interim Executive Director Patricia Filippone joined Gilbane Building Company, Wilson Architects and Local 7 ironworkers to celebrate raising the final steel beam into place at General Academic Building (GAB) No. 1, the newest classroom building on the Columbia Point campus. "The new building will allow our students to reach new heights of creativity, exploration, collaboration, and discovery," Motley told a large crowd gathered on the Campus Center terrace. "Next year, it'll be the launching point for a lot of dreams." Gilbane broke ground on GAB No. 1 in February 2013 and is scheduled to open in the fall of 2015. The four-story, 190,000 sf building is set to open in fall 2015 as part of Umass Boston's 25-year master plan. The $113 million GAB No. 1 will feature nearly 2,000 seats of general-purpose classrooms, along with teaching laboratories, art and performance studios, a theater, and a 150-seat recital hall. "Sustainable site development, energy efficient building design and materials, renewable energy sources and technologies, and the use of recyclable and locally available materials are all construction priorities going forward as is our unwavering commitment to safety. The on-site team has worked more than 75,000 hours safely to date and we are committed to continuing that trend," said Ryan Hutchins, senior vice president at Gilbane. The beam raising, originally scheduled to follow the April 30 ceremony, was postponed until May 2 due to rain. Check out the Web Cam at UMass Boston GAB. Local 46 Tops Out at Memorial Medical Center O'Shea Builders hosted a 'Topping Out' ceremony on March 7, 2014 at the construction site of the new Patient Care Tower at Memorial Medical Center in Springfield, Illinois. Topping out is a ceremony held when the last beam is placed at the top of a building. BP Whiting Refinery Modernization Project Local 395 (Hammond, Ind.) ironworkers have been working on the BP Whiting Refinery Modernization project (WRMP), the biggest private sector investment ever in Indiana and the largest National Maintenance Agreement Committee Project to date.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5770
__label__cc	0.712387	0.287613	SURE, LOTS OF PEOPLE GO TO MOMA OR THE GUGGENHEIM, BUT HOW MANY HAVE BEEN TO THESE MUSEUMS? When you travel to a new place, it's always good to check out some of the local museums. And when you've had your fill of art, science, and history, it's also good to check out some of the lesser known museums; places that are full of oddities, peculiarities, and downright weirdness Below are 20 of the world's weirdest and wackiest museums, compiled for your wide-eyed, slack-jawed viewing pleasure. If a trip around the globe isn't in the cards for you any time soon, you can check out this list and pretend you're on a wonderfully weird world tour.. #1. The Icelandic Phallological Museum, Iceland The Icelandic Phallological Museum contains a huge collection of phallic specimens from many different types of mammals (including humans). It's the only museum of its kind in the entire world. #2. Museum of Bad Art, Massachusetts, USA At this museum more than 600 pieces of art that's considered "bad" has a place to be celebrated. The museum is in a basement in Dedham, Massachusetts, and yes: All the art is really bad., #3. The Dog Collar Museum, England There is dog paraphernalia that dates back more than 100 years in this museum, and inside you can see the history of canine accessories. This place is perfect for people who always wondered what a medieval dog collar may have looked like. #4. British Lawnmower Museum, England From royal lawnmowers belonging to Prince Charles and Princess Diana, to the world’s most expensive lawnmowers, this museum is, well, full of lawnmowers. If you go, let me know if you see a John Deere inside. #5. Salt and Pepper Shaker Museum, Tennessee, USA A trained anthropologist, Andrea Ludden is writing a definitive study on salt and pepper shakers. She displays her personal collection more than 22,000 sets of salt and pepper shakers in a building that was specially appointed just for them. #6. The Mütter Museum, Philadelphia, USA The Mütter Museum is a medical museum containing a collection of medical oddities. Here, you can see parts of Albert Einstein's brain, shrunken heads, and plenty of other strange and unusual artifacts. #7. National Mustard Museum, Wisconsin, USA There's a weird story associated with this one - and it's weirder than having an entire museum dedicated to mustard. According to one website, "Barry Levenson founded the museum after his favorite baseball team, the Boston Red Sox, lost the World Series in 1986. Apparently this shook Levenson to the core, as he then sought out the meaning of life in a supermarket, heard the mustard talk to him ("If you collect us, they will come"). In 1992 he left his job with the State of Wisconsin and opened what is now "one of Wisconsin’s most popular attractions." The museum has more than 5,624 mustards from all 50 states and more than 70 countries. Naturally, it also has a mustard vending machine. #8. Museum of the Weird, Texas, USA This museum showcases pranks and urban legends, and all of the content inside is totally, well, weird. #9. Cancun Underwater Museum, Cancun, Mexico You can see this museum under the water, either via scuba or snorkel. The sculptures here are made of ph-neutral clay, which means that marine life can thrive on their surfaces. #10. Museum of Broken Relationships, Zagreb, Croatia Created by artists Olinka Vistica and Drazen Grubisic, the exhibits at this museum contain artifacts from many relationships that have crashed and burned. They take donations, so feel free to send your ex's stuff. #11. International UFO Museum and Research Center, New Mexico, USA This museum outlines the events surrounding the extraterrestrial crash in July 1947, and the attempts by the government to cover it all up. #12. Condom Museum, Thailand Thailand is one of the world’s largest producers of condoms, so it seems natural that they'd have a museum dedicated to them. The museum has condoms from every era, along with a testing era to test their strength and durability. #13. The Museum of Jurassic Technology, California, USA The Museum of Jurassic Technology is a museum that presents a ton of info and exhibits to visitors, then allows them space to decide what's true and what's not. Visiting here would definitely start some conversations. #14. The Mini Bottle Gallery, Norway Love miniatures? You're going to love this. In this museum, there are tiny bottles filled with every small object imaginable. Seems like a legit idea for a museum, right? #15. Sulabh International Toilet Museum, India This is a museum with a message: A call for sanitation improvements in third world countries. There are also hundreds of toilets on display. #16. Le Musée des Vampires, France The Le Musée des Vampires, is a study of vampires' place in our culture throughout history and today. There are also autographs of every actor who’s ever starred as Dracula, a mummified cat from Paris’ famous Père Lachaise Cemetery, and a vampire painting by famous French murderer Nicolas Claux. This isn't Twilight, but it sure is cool. #17. The Sex Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands Probably best for adults only, this raunchy museum is filled with paintings, photos, sculptures and other memorabilia from Greek and Roman gods to historic figures. There is also plenty of modern day deviance on display. #18. International Spy Museum, Washington DC, USA The International Spy Museum is the only museum in the world devoted to espionage. There hands-on and interactive exhibits allow visitors to learn the craft of spying, and this museum is a whole lot of fun. #19. Circus World Museum, Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA The only thing better than going to the circus is going to the museum all about the circus. This Wisconsin spot offers insight into circus history, relics and artifacts from circuses past, plus a huge big top to explore. #20. The Garbage Museum, Connecticut, USA The Garbage Museum’s Trash-o-saurus is a dinosaur made from a ton of trash—the estimated amount that the average person generates each year. The museum also has a huge compost pile, and a detailed exhibit on the ins and outs of processing garbage. To see an art museum where they encourage you to touch the art, To see the world's smallest museum, click here. I was stunned last night when my husband told me I was too wrapped up in myself...when did I get a husband?----fishducky SURE, LOTS OF PEOPLE GO TO MOMA OR THE GUGGENHEIM...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5773
__label__cc	0.594763	0.405237	Home » Sports » FIFA World Cup » World Cup FIFA World Cup Countdown for World Cup Russia World Cup! was on Thursday, 12 June 2014 CEST timezone (+0200 GMT) World Cup was 2412 days, 7 hours ago Share the Countdown World Cup Countdown Code World Cup Countdown To copy World Cup countdown widget shown above, insert the following HTML code in your web page Russia World Cup Information Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) - FIFA.com The official site of the international governing body of football with news, national associations, competitions, results, fixtures, development, organisation, world rankings, statistics, the International Football Association Board, history, laws of the game, futsal, publications, downloads, and co FIFA World Cup - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup The FIFA World Cup, often simply the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every f List of World Cups - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Cups This is a list of World Cup and World Championships sporting events. Top Russia World Cup Events russia world cup (18 people) world cup (464 people) fifa world cup (258 people) brasil world cup (153 people) world cup 2014 (30 people) cricket world cup 2015 (13 people) 2018 world cup (6 people) rugby world cup (7 people) cricket world cup (8 people) south world cup (3 people) world cup football (3 people) dance world cup (2 people) pcd world cup of darts (2 people) brazil world cup (18 people) world cup kick (4 people) world cup starts (1 people) womens world cup (1 people) russia (21 people) hydrovision russia (2 people) Edit this Countdown	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5778
__label__wiki	0.607094	0.607094	DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT Response to the Film Pentagon Papers Whistleblower “As it becomes clear that we are being drawn into an actual enactment of Collateral Murder (nothing “collateral” about it, any more than in Chelsea Manning’s video, direct and deliberate reckless homicide of casually misidentified victims, “depraved heart murder”) with a transcript of the ongoing heartless repartee of the perpetrators, this time delivered from thousands of miles away rather than from a helicopter overhead… the unfolding scene becomes almost unbearable to watch, both gripping and horrifying. From that point on, all the ordinariness of the lives of the ex-drone operators serves to underline the extraordinariness of their predicaments and their conscientious efforts to make amends and to awaken their fellow citizens. Yes, forced viewers of this sort of catastrophe – over and over – who feel implicated, are obvious candidates for PTSD. But we are all implicated, all of us who vote or don’t vote in America, who pay taxes, who tolerate this being in our name, “to keep us safe…” As the ex-drone operators admirably acknowledge, they – and we – have participated both in tragedies and crimes. It is unfair for them to bear that burden alone. Let alone for any of them to face prosecution for speaking their truth – like Sterling, Kiriakou, Drake, Manning, Snowden – and for exposing criminality. The last half of this film, showing the real-time murders – unjustified homicides – alongside the stories and faces and mutilated bodies of the victims, is astonishing. Those in the dock at Nuremberg were forced to watch films of the death camps. The high-level directors of this program will never be in a dock; but this film should be seen in the Oval Office. And by every American.” (photo by Christopher Michel) Thomas Drake Whistleblower and Former Senior Executive of the National Security Agency “National Bird is an extraordinary first person perspective that is starkly riveting, deeply compelling, and a signature eyewitness portrayal of three drone whistleblowers confronted by the remote killing fields of American foreign policy as well as the tragedy experienced by the people of Afghanistan at the everyday level. The film seamlessly juxtaposes the fateful moral choices and consequences the whistleblowers faced dealing with the deeply personal impact on their lives (including PTSD), as they confronted the horror of extinguishing the lives of people declared enemies of the U.S., contrasted by giving voice to anguishing on-the-ground personal interviews in Afghanistan with survivors and families of those killed and maimed by drones. The documentary includes an interview with Jesselyn Radack, the fearless and peerless attorney representing the three whistleblowers, who provides them critical advocacy and legal support when exposing the treacherous and perilous fields of national security by speaking truth to power. There is also a telling interaction between one of the drone whistleblowers, Lisa, and the former commander of forces in Afghanistan, General McChrystal, that should give viewers pause regarding the strategic tragedy and fallout when indiscriminately using drones as instruments of projected national power – and that eventually come home to roost (and abroad) with such negative consequences.” (photo by Mike Castle) “This is a truly amazing and eye-opening film about the drone program of the U.S. Air Force and some courageous people who realized what sort of threat these unmanned warplanes represent and who decided to speak out about their experiences. You will see and hear things you’ve never seen or heard, and you will leave the theater with insight, in the true sense of the word, you did not have before.” “National Bird is a one-of-a-kind film. It’s nothing short of miraculous that Sonia Kennebeck was able to secure the cooperation of multiple analysts recently active in the U.S. drone program. The film offers an unparalleled glimpse into the surreal landscape of automated murder. Who are these people, who sit in windowless rooms and make life-and-death decisions based on blurry images flickering on computer screens? On paper, it’s a seemingly smooth, uncomplicated job. Except there’s a conspicuous lack of moral clarity about who is targeted and why. Even if the true identity of the victims is known, National Bird reminds us that we’re living in an electronic haze, where life and death are decided on the basis of, as often as not, caprice. Detachment and a lack of accountability are rewarded where responsibility and compassion are shunned. For many servicemen, time in service may be little different than a video game gone mad (or come to life).”	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5779
__label__wiki	0.622837	0.622837	Ezra Klein Is Wrong About Civil War (Again) Posted by MGK Published in Comics, Politics Warning: some spoilers for the new Captain America film follow. Oh, and the Civil War comics, but those are like a decade old now so who cares. Ezra Klein has a column up at Vox wherein he explains that Captain America is in the wrong in Captain America: Civil War and Iron Man is the actual hero. This is in fact not the first time Klein has written about Civil War; in 2010 he expressed his agreement with Spencer Ackerman (whose column about Civil War seems to have disappeared when Firedoglake collapsed): And, incidentally, I agree with Spencer entirely: Iron Man was unequivocally right in the argument over superhero registration. I’m not even sure what the case for the other side is, and the libertarians I’ve asked haven’t been able to come up with one. If the state has any legitimate function at all, it’s to train and regulate people who could accidentally kill everyone in a hundred-mile radius. I’m not a libertarian; I’m your bog-standard sorta-socialist liberal. I am also rather famously on record with respect to my opinion as to Civil War being a not-entirely-competent story.1 That having been said, the case for the other side is really quite simple: these are stories set in a universe where superheroes exist, and the normal balance of security versus liberty is accordingly upended. Political pundits like to take Iron Man’s position for two reasons: first off, Iron Man is unequivocally the villain (or at least the antagonist) of both the comic and film versions of Civil War, and there’s a certain sort of contrarian glee to be had in saying “no, the bad guy of the story is right,” which is why every new Star Wars movie generates a fresh flood of why-the-Empire-were-actually-the good-guys columns despite the fact that the Empire are Space Nazis who murder billions of people both onscreen and off. The second reason is because Iron Man’s regulatory position makes sense when you assume that some of the elements of a comic book universe apply but don’t follow through wholly with the logic. Klein’s argument that Iron Man was “unequivocally right” about the original Civil War dispute is one that relies on the assumption that Iron Man’s concerns about unregulated superheroes are valid and that Captain America’s concerns about the tyranny of the state are overblown. Now, because I’m a sorta-socialist liberal I can understand this position, because in the real world, the closest analogue to Captain America’s position is one expressed by gun nuts and idealistic-but-stupid libertarians, whose concerns about the tyranny of the state are (usually) overblown. But Civil War is a comic in a superhero universe, and in a superhero universe Cap’s concerns are entirely valid, because in a superhero universe as the powers of individuals grow to ridiculous proportions, so does the power of the state. The amazing thing about Cap’s argument is that I don’t really have to make it. It’s already been made for me. Christos Gage wrote a superb one-shot Civil War tie-in comic, Casualties of War, which is mostly just an extended conversation “mid-war” between Tony and Cap as they each try to convince the other of the rightness of their position. Tony’s argument is, for the most part, the one Klein makes, along with the argument that he and Cap have a responsibility to make sure that the next generation of young superheroes is properly trained; he cites Spider-Man failing to save Gwen Stacy as his primary example. Cap refutes that argument by pointing out that Gwen Stacy didn’t die because Spider-Man failed to save her – that’s an argument that places blame unfairly on Spidey – but properly assigns the blame for that death to the person who actually caused her death: Norman Osborn. He then points out that Osborn was able to do this because he knew Spider-Man’s secret identity, and discusses other times when superheroes’ loved ones were threatened or even killed because of secret identity leaks. And then points out – entirely correctly – that any database of registered superheroes could and would be exploited by supervillains, and actually cites moments from both Tony and Cap’s individual careers where their own information was used against them to discredit/frame them for crimes they did not commit – and even if supervillains didn’t do it, there’s no guarantee that a future administration with regulatory oversight wouldn’t do it, which for Cap is particularly relevant since the government had forced him to stop being Captain America more than once. The crucial distinction between Tony and Cap’s positions, in the comic, is that Tony’s position is grounded in our real-world experience of how regulation generally works. Cap’s position is grounded in his unreal-world experience of what actually happens when external authority is applied to superheroes: the result is inevitably a slide towards tyrannical behaviour, regardless of the intent of the regulator, or the allowance of threats to superheroes so intense that they would be forced to abandon their duties as protectors.2 And here’s the kicker: in the comics, Cap is proven completely and utterly right by the events following Civil War. Iron Man’s side “wins,” and for about two years of comics, they mostly do all right: Tony sets up government-sanctioned superteams all over the United States (why Wyoming needs its own superteam I don’t know, but they supposedly had one) and they prevent a lot of threats. But even at this time, Tony – who is supposed to be the hero, remember – has set up the Thunderbolts as a covert team of super-criminals who have been coerced into government service. (It ends up being a spectacular failure, because psychopaths don’t make good government functionaries.) But Tony’s moral failings aren’t the worst part – the worst part is when he loses power as a result of a crisis (a Skrull invasion) and Norman Osborn is given control of the regulatory regime. Osborn then uses his new state-sanctioned power to remake SHIELD into HAMMER, which is essentially a death cult loyal to Osborn alone, and viciously and relentlessly persecutes the superheroes – including Tony! – who won’t play ball with him, which is most of them, because Osborn is an evil man not interested in the general welfare of society at all, but only really in power for its own sake, in glorifying himself and in murdering Spider-Man, with whom Osborn is obsessed. So Tony’s belief that a less-intrusive regulatory regime can assuage Cap’s concerns about its potential for misuse is just wrong; wrong on the evidence of what had happened before, wrong on the reasoning of what is happening currently at the time, and wrong as to what happens when it is enacted. That’s the argument for Cap’s position. And Cap is completely right. So that’s why Klein is wrong about the comics. Why is he wrong about the film? That’s easy. First, everything I wrote above still more or less applies in the movie: Cap has real-world experience of the dangers of giving organizations too much control over superheroic quantities – that was what Winter Soldier was about, remember. Secondly, let’s go to his column: As I understand it, the Avengers are allowed to simply stop being Avengers if they don’t want oversight — Cap can keep his shield, Widow can keep her stingers, Iron Man can keep his suit, and they can go on and live normal lives. What they can’t do is act as vigilantes. That’s more or less the equilibrium in America, too, where we let people possess mind-boggling amounts of weaponry but have pretty strict laws about who they’re able to shoot. The problem with this understanding is that it is wrong, because it skips over the part where some of the Avengers can’t actually stop being Avengers in a way which would satisfy the concerns of the state. It is made extremely clear in the film that the Scarlet Witch is not going to be allowed to go on and live a normal life; she is going to be imprisoned. The prison might be a particularly nice prison, but it will be a prison nonetheless, and that is Cap’s sticking point. Remember, in the film, Tony almost convinces him to work within the Sokovia Accords at one point – until Cap learns that Wanda is going to be a prisoner. And Cap knows that Wanda isn’t the only enhanced human out there – Bruce Banner is still out there, Quicksilver was one before he died, and it is safe to assume that there are others. It is fairly obvious what would happen to them as well, and the film shows us explicitly what happens when anybody resists, regardless of whether they have powers or not – they’re sent away to an extrajudicial mecha-Guantanamo in the middle of the ocean without the burden of due process. Wanda is fairly obviously doped out of her mind to prevent her from using her powers, which is by any reasonable standard cruel and unusual punishment. And it’s clear from Tony’s reaction that he obviously didn’t know this was happening, despite his assertions that with his participation such abuses would be prevented. Bottom line: Cap is right in Civil War, both in the comics and in the film. He’s right because although our everyday reality is that governmental regulation is, by and large, a net positive, his everyday reality is different from ours in very significant ways – and that makes all the difference. Years later, I still think it’s a pretty bad story, but I will say that unlike a lot of event comics, there was a coherent idea at the root of it that was worth exploring, which is more than you can say for a lot of event comics, and it at least has a lot of exciting action parts. But it’s still not a good comic. [↩] Tony actually admits in Casualties of War that his push for regulation is a half-measure intended to try to prevent the government from taking more drastic measures, such as the Sentinel program in the X-Men comics, which was intended to control citizens at the genetic level. [↩] Evan Waters said on May 18th, 2016 at 11:42 am On top of this, one consistent thing in the MCU so far has been that the powers that be aren’t very trustworthy. SHIELD turned into a HYDRA front, you’ve got a mysterious council that thinks the best way to respond to an alien invasion of New York is launching a nuke, Iron Man 3 is all about the military industrial complex trying to cover its mistakes- Cap is right to be skeptical that any authority could actually make the right call. Urthman said on May 18th, 2016 at 11:47 am In the movie, Tony and Steve actually have the exact same position on government oversight. In theory it’s a good idea, but when push comes to shove, they’ll follow their individual conscience. The only difference is that Steve knows and admits this up front, while Tony is just lying to himself and everybody else. The moment he decides the government is doing something wrong, Tony is instantly willing to jam the government’s surveillance to talk to Falcon, take off on an unauthorized mission to Siberia, and even attempt to murder Bucky purely for revenge rather than carrying out any sort of UN-authorized sanction. Tony’s signature on the Accords was worthless. stavner said on May 18th, 2016 at 12:07 pm So Alan Moore in Watchmen was right about a lot of things. Aryeh Harris-Shapiro said on May 18th, 2016 at 1:09 pm And yet Steve never once trusts Tony enough to tell him his side of the Bucky conflict even though he has many, many chances to do so, and he shows nothing but moral contempt for someone who’s supposed to be one of his closest friends. For autonomous superheroes to operate as a team, there has to be an implicit trust in each others’ instincts, ability, and judgment. We saw that in Avengers 1. The vision of the Avengers Cap is fighting for in Civil War can’t exist because Cap is no longer capable of the kind of trust that his chosen profession demands after he lived through the events of Winter Soldier. This distrust is demonstrated again at the climax when Cap reveals he’s hidden the secret of Tony’s parents’ death from him out of some arbitrary moral imperative to look after Bucky’s interests over Tony’s. And it’s important to note that all that sea-gulag business comes about because Cap couldn’t be bothered to send Tony a text saying “hey, the psychologist brainwashed Bucky in the interrogation room, look into that guy.” Cap’s political position may be more defensible in the context of the MCU, but his personal actions in Civil War as a teammate and a friend (and, in his view, the personal and political are identical for a Steve Rogers who has bought into his own hype more than the perpetually self-aware Iron Man ever could) couldn’t be more disgusting. Also, that stuff with Sharon and Peggy was gross in the original comics and its still super weird now. That has no bearing on anything, but I felt like I had to say it. Don’t date two generations of the same family, Cap, it’s really weird. Fraser said on May 18th, 2016 at 2:04 pm “Tony actually admits in Casualties of War that his push for regulation is a half-measure intended to try to prevent the government from taking more drastic measures, such as the Sentinel program in the X-Men comics, which was intended to control citizens at the genetic level.” And yet somehow in all his “register people!’ arguments he never mentions this. Because the writers thought of it at the last minute? Or because it makes the government, and by implication the pro-reg side, look that much worse? Alexander Hammil said on May 18th, 2016 at 3:45 pm But they aren’t thrown into the raft because they refused to sign the Accords, they’re thrown into the raft because they TORE AN AIRPORT APART rather than take the time to convince anyone that they were doing anything other than haring off completely half-cocked. Which they were, incidentally – the Siberian threat was entirely in Steve’s head without more than a sheed of evidence to back it up. They could have just given the location to Russia or the UN and had them clean it up. All of the hundreds of millions of dollars of damage they caused were completely unjustified, and it was only quick thinking on Ross’s part that the airport had been evacuated. Everyone in the Raft deserved to be in prison! Ian Austin said on May 18th, 2016 at 3:46 pm Fraser – one of the few good parts of Civil War (comic) was Emma Frost telling Tony to fuck off when he broached the issue with her. And man, Banner is going to be fucking pissed when he learns that Tony played ball with Thunderbolt Ross. I Cyrus said on May 18th, 2016 at 3:57 pm I persist in treating the “philosophy” of Civil War as marketing and basing my opinion of it on the story, and I think that’s totally fair. You can’t separate general principles from the context they’re invoked in. In real life, both freedom and security are important. In real life, when someone says that a proposed law or regulation would erode one of those, we can actually see exactly how it would work. X people must file form Y by date Z, and if they don’t and they get caught, they’ll get hit with $AA fine. We can see how well the status quo is working and exactly what problems exist with it. We can compare one country that has that policy to one that doesn’t and see which is doing better. While we can never be totally certain about something in the future, we can often get a pretty good idea of how it compares to what we have now. But I haven’t read the Sokovia Accords. I don’t know what the World Security Council’s or SHIELD’s mandate was, or their budget, or the number of personnel they had, I just know what named characters did on screen. I don’t know what happens to unsanctioned superpeople. (We see some people in the Raft for 2 minutes in Civil War, but they weren’t just unsanctioned superpeople, they broke other laws too.) I know how Bruce Banner spent three particular weeks (his own movie and the Avengers movies), but not how he spent the rest of the past eight years. And this isn’t nitpicking, these are basic details that we’d have at least some idea about if these things existed in the real world. If I were in Congress voting on ratifying the Sokovia Accords or whatever, I hope I’d vote nay if I couldn’t read them but I honestly have no idea how I’d vote if I could. One problem (of many) with the Civil War comic series was that it was both incoherent and vague about this stuff. The pro side was just talking about minor, reasonable accountability and yet they built a gulag in the Negative Zone. The anti side rebelled out of deep-seated principles and yet they gave up the minute they faced popular disapproval. Both sides were idiots. I think the movie did a good job of avoiding these problems. Neither side did anything really beyond the pale, and in the end, the most intense conflict wasn’t over cheap philosophy at all, but over vengeance. The plot of Civil War doesn’t vindicate either Tony’s or Steve’s position, because their positions aren’t what it was about to begin with. BSD said on May 18th, 2016 at 4:34 pm But Steve’s premises about what would and would not happen were also entirely wrong. He says “Bucky doesn’t do that anymore” AND YET, all it takes is a short series of nouns, and Bucky will do whatever the fuck you want. Let’s just take the inciting incident — Lagos. Wanda blows up a chunk of office building and some Wakandans to save the market and a bunch of Nigerians. This is justifiable, she acted correctly. BUT SHE IS NOT MADE TO JUSTIFY IT. Steve’s argument is not “we made the hard, right choices” but instead “we make hard choices and therefore are exempt from oversight.” Tony was blind to the Raft, and I would have liked to see more of what the proposed structure of the Sokovia Accords enforcement and review regime was going to be, but SOMETHING was needed. Did Cap bother coordinating with Lagos authorities? Did Cap hesitate to punch the shit out of some Romanian cops because he’s absolutely sure that the picture of Bucky (an acknowledged assassin) at the site of an assassination didn’t indicate his involvement? Did Cap NOT trash Bucharest? William Kendall said on May 18th, 2016 at 4:57 pm Dasz said on May 18th, 2016 at 7:37 pm The best part of Civil War in the comics was in Moon Knight, where Marc Specter goes “Okay sure I’ll register” then proceeds to investigate the person evaluating him for his license, finds out a bunch of terrible things, and blackmails him into giving Specter a class 5 license (do whatever you want without any oversight – this is the one Stark gives himself). It then turns into a PR nightmare for Shield as their hastily passed panic reaction bill had zero provisions for revoking such a license and Marc Specter is a brutal vigilante about a half step up from the Punisher. That and the issue of Nova where he comes home for a break after the Annihilation Wave to find out about this petty bullshit. @JayDzed said on May 18th, 2016 at 8:31 pm @Dasz: Yes, Rich’s response to the Civil War crap was epic and completely justified from someone that had just lived through the Annihilation War. Pity no-one actually took the slightest bit of notice or had a moment of self-awareness about it. Dylan said on May 18th, 2016 at 8:32 pm The problem with Civil War, even done in a much more coherent and reasonable fashion as it was in the movie, is that it forces real world logic to battle comic book logic. And for comic book fans, comic book logic is going to win every time. The thing that interested me the most in the film, though, was Ross’s line about Thor and Bruce. About how Cap “just let them wander off” or something to that effect. As though either needs permission to go places and do things, like they’re a misplaced rifle instead of a person. That was where Ross lost me. Wolfthomas said on May 18th, 2016 at 8:44 pm @Dasz Re: Nova That was just the best “I pulled [Annihilus] inside out and saved the universe, what have you done lately Tony?” John Seavey said on May 18th, 2016 at 9:49 pm @Aryeh Harris-Shapiro: Cap didn’t conceal the reasons for Howard and Maria Stark’s deaths to protect Bucky; he didn’t find out Bucky was the triggerman until the same time Tony did. He concealed it because he thought everyone involved had been killed in ‘Winter Soldier’, particularly Zola, and he didn’t see any reason to burden his friend with the knowledge that his parents had been murdered when it was so long ago and was (presumably) ancient history. It came back to bite him in the ass, certainly, and he admitted to himself and to Tony that he was also avoiding it because it would have been a painful conversation that he couldn’t bring himself to have, but he did not lie to protect Bucky. And he did try to tell Tony about Zemo at the airport, and that Bucky was framed and set up. Tony’s response was, “It’s too late for that, Bucky’s gonna be railroaded because the public needs a villain here, now surrender or you’re going down with him.” (I’m paraphrasing here.) Cap couldn’t work with Iron Man because Iron Man had orders to bring him in, period. That was kind of the point of the movie, that the government is sometimes more interested in the appearance of justice than in its actuality. Evan said on May 19th, 2016 at 1:29 am I agree that something was needed, and I wish that Cap had made that argument. The Avengers seem to have been acting in a high-handed fashion. You can justify that in the Second Battle of New York or the Battle of Sokovia, but for something like what happened in Lagos? No. That is a problem, and additional support could have allowed more Avengers to help Cap with Crossbones. Kai said on May 19th, 2016 at 2:24 am “And yet Steve never once trusts Tony enough to tell him his side of the Bucky conflict even though he has many, many chances to do so, and he shows nothing but moral contempt for someone who’s supposed to be one of his closest friends.” To be honest, the idea that Tony Stark is supposed to be one of Steve’s closest friends doesn’t really hold up because Tony Stark does his level best to act like the world’s biggest idiot dickhead at every opportunity. Movie Steve Rogers’ closest friends are Natasha and Sam. Tony is that coworker you have that sometimes you get along with, sometimes he decides that he’s qualified to spin an artificial intelligence out of a little-understood alien artifact and nearly results in the world being extinctioned. Steve was absolutely right not to tell Tony about the circumstances surrounding his parents’ death because guess what, as soon as Tony finds out about this he proceeds to nearly murder Bucky in a fit of rage. He probably should have told him sooner, sure. On the other hand that’s still not really an excuse for someone deciding “okay, but I really want to murder this person now.” The issue of Steve sending Tony a text or something is addressed in the movie, he and Sam briefly discuss it and ultimately decide that Tony wouldn’t listen to them no matter what and it’s hard to disagree with them. Also let’s talk about how Tony Stark went and dragged a fucking untrained teenager into what was basically an extremely dangerous arrest. That’s the guy Steve Rogers doesn’t trust, someone willing to go and fast-talk a kid, enhanced or no, into being his backup against the likes of Captain America and the Winter Soldier. The guy who refuses to acknowledge that Wanda might not like being confined to house arrest with a superpowered android nanny. I say all this as someone who thinks that Tony Stark’s story arc throughout the MCU has been one of the more interesting ones to come out of it. He’s a character defined almost entirely by regrets…other characters have them, certainly, but no one else winds up being as defined by them, frequently of his own making no less. But Steve has every right to be distrustful of the guy who nearly accidentally blew up the world because he had to poke the glowy alien rock with a stick and looks for any excuse he can to solve all his problems with a highly weaponized suit of power armor. edit; The thing about Tony’s insistence on the Accords in the movie is it’s entirely self-centered, like much of what he does. He’s all for it because he feels the need to make amends, but he doesn’t really care how it affects other people in the slightest because it’s a decision that’s all about Tony Stark. Nowhere is this made clearer than the scene where he’s trying to get Steve to sign and it comes out that he’s got Wanda under house arrest. He doesn’t even dignify her as a person, instead tossing off a one-liner about how they don’t issue passports to WMDs. Just like how he threw gobs of money at a bunch of MIT students at the start of the movie, the Accords are just another attempt by his to absolve himself of guilt (which as MGK points out he’s quick to abandon in favor of doing whatever he wants when the mood takes him, which is also something Tony Stark is really good at). UnlikelyLass said on May 19th, 2016 at 9:29 am “why Wyoming needs its own superteam I don’t know, but they supposedly had one” Isn’t Project Pegasus in Wyoming? Seems like a thing worth having a Superhero team around to help protect. Now, North Dakota… I’d just like to say that a) Kai’s analysis of Tony’s arc is beautiful, and b) I love that the movies support this kind of analysis. They’ve done a really wonderful job of walking this very fine line with Tony–he’s a terrible superhero in a lot of ways, constantly screwing up and trying to fix his mistakes and making all new and different mistakes in an effort to fix his previous ones. But the scripts (and RDJ’s wonderful performance) have made him so human and accessible that you can feel for him the whole way. bryan said on May 19th, 2016 at 3:55 pm I guess this argument really convinces me that the Marvel reality is very skewed towards libertarianism, what with the evils of government regulation and all. So in a Universe that is skewed towards libertarianism the silly libertarian argument is correct, which sounds reasonable. Lord Riven said on May 19th, 2016 at 5:33 pm Everything you say here makes perfect sense, MGK,* but the problem is that Cap’s words don’t really amtch his actions. Everything he does in the movie is really out of a loyalty to Bucky, even when he’s acting on nothing but gut feelings and truthiness – just because he was brainwashed doesn’t make Bucky not a person whose murdered hundreds if not thousands of people, and Cap never seems to clue-in to the fact that that upsets people. My only major problem with the CA movies is that I never felt CA1 appropriately sold Bucky as a character to give a shit about – it told me that they were friends, but never sold it. When WS came around I really struggled with it because I barely remembered Bucky (the scene where he falls from the train is the only bit I remember.) When I went on my giant re-watch of all the MArvel films, my opinion only got stronger – I still don’t care about Bucky, so all of Civil War is watching a man philosophically justify his actions to harm and put-in-to-harm a plethora of other people in order to protect a dangerous wanted killer who has committed proven crimes. Not wanting Bucky to be shot-on-sight? Fine, I’m anti-death penalty myself. Getting pissy that Bucky is put in prison, even when the movie proves he’s still a brainwashed killer? COMPLETELY UNJUSTIFIABLE. Bucky is demonstrably a dangerous, unpredictable element, and Cap comes off like Tommy trying to save Trumpy’s killer brother in Pod People for no better reason than a belief in his intrinsic goodness EVEN WHILE HE’S IN THE ACT OF KILLING PEOPLE. Who gives a shit that it’s not his personal fault – he’s still, y’know, killing people. Repeatedly. * Well, except “It ends up being a spectacular failure, because psychopaths don’t make good government functionaries.” The last several centuries of dictatorships, reichs, and oppressive empires have proven that psychopaths make incredible government functionaries and often really benefit from having an ordered, structured life. Also,, many, many successful politicians possess psychopathic traits – I think your problem here is word-choice. “Unhinged megalomaniacal serial killers” probably do make pretty shitty government functionaries, but even then they sometimes get away with being government leaders. Thom H. said on May 19th, 2016 at 7:10 pm @Lord Riven: I agree that it’s difficult to care about Bucky, and I can’t decide if that’s more of a writing or an acting problem. As a mostly blank, brainwashed killer, Sebastian Stan is great. As a fun best friend/childhood protector, I think his performance falls flat. Of course, most of the “best friend” scenes in CA1 are so cliche that it’s difficult to see them because my eyes are rolling so hard. (In comparison, I have no problem connecting to the relationship between Steve and Sam, but then their scenes are much better written, even when they’re just standing around chatting in CA2.) I like that both Steve and Tony’s motivations vacillate between personal and professional in CA3, though. They both come off as determined but ultimately confused, and I think that added a lot of depth to their characters. @Lord Riven: Personally, I find the “brainwashed” argument makes all the difference. Bucky may have physically pulled the trigger, but his was never the will that directed it. In my opinion, he bears zero responsibility for anything he did while the Winter Soldier (and the scenes where he’s screaming at people not to read his activation words add to this). Does he need to be taken somewhere so they can deprogram him? Absolutely. But he needs rehabilitation, not imprisonment, and both Tony and the world government seem only interested in doing the latter. Though I admit to bias. The moment someone like Cap says “he didn’t do it,” as far as I’m concerned, the guy didn’t do it. Plus, in fiction, I tend to read “brainwashed” as a “get out of jail free” card. googum said on May 19th, 2016 at 10:14 pm Did Chris Sims do the stick figure version, where Iron Man glosses over multiple instances of mis-characterization with “Everyone shut up, we’re doing this my way!” Still a better explanation than in the comics! So I hated Civil War the comic but really enjoyed Civil War the movie. As expected, completely agreed with Cap–until the end, when Iron Man finds out. Then…yeah, maybe Bucky has to go. Still, it’s disheartening to see IM side with Ross, who doesn’t think Hulk, Thor, or Scarlet Witch are people with any sort of rights: just weapons. Kai said on May 19th, 2016 at 10:47 pm edit@googum: Oh yeah, how great is it that the guy lecturing the Avengers on personal responsibility and collateral damage is good ol’ Thunderbolt “I hate the Hulk so much I decided to crack open a sixer of untested supersoldier Kool-Aid and pump an unstable soldier full of it, oh whoops I just created the Abomination” Ross. It’s kind of interesting that Civil War comes on the heels of Jessica Jones, another Marvel Cinematic venture which is all about the ramifications, consequences, and aftereffects of people being mind-controlled. They’re two entirely different things of course, both telling two entirely different stories, but when taken as part of the same shared universe it seems relevant. Anyway I agree that Bucky the Best Friend isn’t something that the Marvel movies have really made pop, but on the other hand the implication that I at least took away from the movie is that one of the big reasons that Steve is so gung-ho over rescuing Bucky is that Bucky is the last link Steve has to his old life. I don’t think it’s a big coincidence that one of the first scenes we get in the movie before the UN bombing is Peggy Carter’s funeral. Peggy’s gone, Howard Stark is gone, Bucky is it for Steve, the last touchstone he has of the world before he went into the ice, so while the movie doesn’t come right out and smash you in the face with it (which I appreciate) it seems pretty clear to me that this is part of what’s setting the emotional stakes for Steve. (Yeah, I’m vaguely aware that one of the Howling Commandos made a guest appearance on Agents of SHIELD or something. I’m ignoring AoS here by virtue of the fact that it isn’t very good. I guess this is my “headcanon” now.) Oh hey, speaking of the funeral! Who is it that flies out to be there with Steve so he doesn’t have to be alone after the death of someone important to him? Is it his good pal Tony Stark? Nope, it’s Natasha. Who is it that has Steve’s back throughout like two thirds of the movie? Tony? Nope, it’s Sam. It’s kind of funny looking back at that big climactic showdown between Tony and Steve in Siberia once you’ve seen the whole movie…that whole “He’s my friend, well so was I” exchange made it into a bunch of trailers and made it seem like it was going to be this real heartbreaking moment, but throughout the entire movie it’s made abundantly clear that Tony is basically projecting here. He’s not Steve’s friend, not really. He tells himself he is, he uses it as verbal ammunition, he probably even thinks of himself as Steve’s friend, but he ain’t and the whole movie is full of moments like that. He and Pepper have broken up but it’s no one’s fault (it’s totally his fault and he even lists the reasons why). Wanda is totally happy with her situation and didn’t even want to leave until Steve dragged her into this mess (no she wasn’t and yes she did). So yeah, the movie goes to some lengths to show that Tony Stark really isn’t many peoples’ friend. Steve’s letter to him at the end of the movie shines an interesting light on this when Steve mentions that he’s always been more comfortable putting his trust in individual people than organizations because Tony is basically the opposite. Like, I believe that movie Tony Stark genuinely wants to do right by the world, protect it from aliens and super-terrorists and make things better somehow, but he always takes these big-picture approaches to things, focused on abstract groups, and so he gets blindsided whenever he’s forced to zoom in and confront individuals, the human element. It’s why the woman from the state department whose son died in Sokovia rattles him so much. It’s why he looks taken aback when he sees all the others on Steve’s side locked up in undersea super-Gitmo. Hell, you see it all the way back in the very first Iron Man movie where Tony Stark straight up doesn’t give a shit what happens with his weapons once they roll off the assembly line, content to assume that they only get used on bad people for the right reasons…until he himself is forced to confront the ugly truth at metaphorical and literal gunpoint. Tony Stark is bad at people, and he’s the last person I would be looking at to have the right answers about something as thorny as superhero oversight (which, in fairness, is an issue without any real great answers). Jason said on May 19th, 2016 at 10:52 pm for the people saying that Bucky being brainwashed doesn’t change anything, remember how Hawkeye spent most of the first Avengers movie and remember what consequences he suffered for what he did, ie none Lord Riven, Thom H- you two may be the first I’ve seen to suggest that Cap and Bucky’s friendship wasn’t played strongly, so you know, you may just need to bow to the majority here. “Well, I don’t see it, but I’ll take your word,” sort of melchar said on May 19th, 2016 at 11:09 pm I can see both sides here. It is beyond arrogant for Cap to want no oversight – but to have that oversight in the form of a committee of UN politicians [or any politicos] is worse. Stark is operating from hubris and guilt and is willing to toss his stated reasons & morality aside as soon as it proves inconvenient for him. However IMO the -best- hero in ‘Civil War’ IS Bucky. Cap is a loyal friend [and I easily remembered Steve & Bucky’s friendship from CA1]. Bucky, OTOH, has been tortured, brainwashed and still manages to struggle his way free. However Bucky Takes RESPONSIBILITY for his actions. He is told it wasn’t his fault but he points out that he still killed, followed his programming, even when he was not in control of his own actions. Bucky asks to go back into stasis at movie end -because- he knows he is not yet in control of himself and refuses to endanger others until his brain can get properly repaired. For the record I agree that Steve’s jaunt to Lagos was very badly handled and he deserves to be called out on that. Like, even just saying “hey, we think that a really dangerous terrorist group are gonna come here and start shooting people and stealing shit, can we coordinate with your local police/military on this?” would have drastically improved things. It is concerning that a group of enhanced individuals are going and doing this sort of thing without so much as a by-your-leave even if ultimately the results of them stopping Rumlow from getting away with a bioweapon could be argued to outweigh the deaths of 11 people…but your really, really don’t want to go down the road of doing that sort of moral calculus where okay maybe a dozen people died but we probably saved a whole bunch more, therefore it’s all cool. Not that Steve is cavalier about the deaths, mind you, but yet and still being the guy in charge means that when you fuck up you’re the one who has to step up and accept the consequences. But melchar is right in that a UN committee is probably not the way to go there, especially one as vague as what’s presented in the movie. And anyway, note that even after a bunch of Avengers sign the Accords when the world goes on a manhunt against Bucky does this UN panel say “okay, let’s do this officially,” they just go straight to spec-ops with shoot-to-kill orders. The overwhelming impression is that whoever’s calling the shots with regards to the sanctioned Avengers doesn’t actually want them doing anything so much as simply being kept in check. And yes, Bucky is perhaps the most responsible person in the whole movie and I’ll be very sad if Sebastian Stan doesn’t come back for Infinity War. Lord Riven said on May 19th, 2016 at 11:45 pm I don’t disagree that Bucky is not responsible for his actions – but it doesn’t make wanting to have him institutionalized in some way any less unreasonable if some random schmo can say that right code words and have him start killing things. I think my issue is Cap’s hurt puppy face in the movie that people are daring to not put their faith in Bucky – dude, Bucky was literally just co-opted by a nobody and used to kill a bunch of people. That just happened, just now, we all watched it and everything. That he’s innocent does nothing to blunt the fact that’s he’s dangerous. Kai said on May 20th, 2016 at 12:36 am That Bucky is dangerous and probably deserves to be institutionalized doesn’t actually disprove the assertion, fairly well supported by the movie, that Tony Stark is completely untrustworthy to handle the situation competently or correctly is the thing. As soon as it comes out that one of those things Bucky did was kill his parents, and I’m not saying that isn’t a terrible fucking situation all around, Tony immediately switches from “I promise to go to Steve as a friend” mode to “okay, I’m going to murder this guy and beat seven shades of shit out of Steve” utilizing his very own form of dangerous superpowers to do so. People do things in the heat of the moment all the time, crimes of passion are certainly a thing that exist and so it’s not like Tony’s reaction to hearing that this is the guy responsible for his parents’ deaths is some alien concept. It’s understandable, relatable even. But when the guy who’s been lecturing everyone else about oversight and responsibility decides to turn the full brunt of his jet-powered raygun-packing tank suit on a couple of people in a fit of rage, it pretty well sinks any notion that Tony Stark has the moral high ground. They didn’t bust out the “with great power comes great responsibility” line in his scene with Peter Parker, but if anyone needs that lecture from Uncle Ben it’s Tony. Aryeh Harris-Shapiro said on May 20th, 2016 at 2:22 am Incidentally, I think it’s fascinating how deeply involved this discussion can get when superhero regulation is such a self-negating, defeatist premise. Superheroes as a genre are predicated on the thrill and wonder of the transcendent, so why has Marvel seemed so dead-set on bureaucratizing and assimilating it into this mundane pseudo-realist aesthetic? It honestly seems like Phase I was all about building this beautiful prismatic multiplicity of what superheroes can be and throwing it into a big Avengers-shaped blender and Phase II/III (at least A2 and the 2 Caps, which have really been the “core” continuity so far) has been about dragging it into this pseudo-political mire that can’t possibly say anything about politics of the real world because superheroes (gasp) can’t actually exist in the real world. And if we’re supposed to just engage with it as pure fantasy, I don’t know why I’d want to watch Iron Man try to murder Bucky as revenge for Bucky assassinating his parents back in the day when I could watch Batman, Superman, and Wonderman fight a giant space zombie Lex Luthor mad-scienced up with Zod’s corpse. Don’t get me wrong, I enjoyed Civil War a hell of a lot more than BvS, but I think the idea that DC’s the grim, joyless one is outdated (at this point) and based on nothing more than aesthetic affectation. Also, re: Cap and Tony’s friendship: I’ll concede that Cap didn’t know Bucky was the triggerman, but keeping Tony’s parents’ assassination from him at all was a monumentally shitty thing to do. And Cap does eventually try to talk to Tony, after trying to help Bucky escape three times and succeeding once (he has a 4-3 record by the end of the movie if I’m counting right). Step back to Cap and Sam walking in on Bucky and Zemo. You’re Cap. You just tried to help Bucky escape international law enforcement, got stopped, and Tony not only prevents any legal repercussions (I don’t know who’s got the authority in the MCU, but I’d guess aiding and abetting a fugitive would rate SOME kind of prosecutions) but extends a hand of friendship. They disagree strongly about Wanda, but nothing’s happened beyond slightly raised voices. There’s still very much room for discussion, and Tony’s made clear that no one wants that more than Tony. So you, as Cap, are in the room with Bucky and Sam, Zemo’s gone, and your first instinct is not to alert Tony but instead to just pick up and run, conveniently distracting the entire security force and allowing for Zemo’s escape. Any way you dice it, that’s terrible superheroing. But it’s more than that, which is why I care so much. The idea that Cap is right (and I think that whatever your interpretation of the ethics of Civil War, the movie’s on Cap’s side–it’s his movie, after all) is predicated on him being an exemplar for everything supposedly decent, enduring, and trustworthy about American individual virtue. He’s not serving anyone but his own conscience, the utopian vision of a soldier under his own command, the best case scenario for the superhero model according to the MCU itself. He’s regularly condescending, suspicious, and inflexible and yet THE MCU IS ON HIS SIDE. The SHIELD/HYDRA conflict, Ultron, Sokovia–his pessimism is constantly proven RIGHT by a universe bending over backwards to justify a character whose individual moral authoritarianism can’t help but be repugnant when held up against a semi-realist version of the 21st century. That’s my big problem: MGK is right about the internal story logic of Cap’s politics. The MCU inverts the usual dynamics of oversight and cloaks it in a veneer of realism, which is like throwing a coat of beige paint on Bizarro and calling him Superman. And these are partially kids movies, no matter how old most of us here are. There are children watching these movies who will see an utter shithead who never once questions the moral authority bestowed upon him via chemical injection held up as a paragon from virtue and learn from that. To me, that sucks. Also, if Cap wanted to reject the Sokovia Accords out of hand, that would mean leaving Tony completely unsupervised, which was what lead to Ultron in A2. So Cap doesn’t want Tony unsupervised, and he won’t have an organization watchdogging Tony (and before you give me the “Tony has power under the Sokovia accords” line, yeah, he does, but its substantially curbed from the total immunity he’d been tossing around since IM2. That the raft gets constructed without his knowledge or approval means he got seriously neutered by the accords, which Cap refused to even read or discuss before rejecting them entirely). The entire core thrust of the current MCU is predicated on Steve disapproving of every choice Tony makes like some kind of nagging dad. I’m only kind of kidding. Also, Tony and Cap aren’t super close friends, that’s true. They do basically form the post-Fury leadership class of the Avengers, though, which you’d think would mandate a certain level of closeness and trust. Cyrus said on May 20th, 2016 at 11:00 am And these are partially kids movies, no matter how old most of us here are. There are children watching these movies who will see an utter shithead who never once questions the moral authority bestowed upon him via chemical injection held up as a paragon from virtue and learn from that. To me, that sucks. I think this is wrong in several ways. Captain America 3: Civil War is rated PG-13. A 13-year-old can probably handle a little shades-of-gray and moral complexity in their fiction. Just because some stuff starring this character is marketed at kids, doesn’t mean it all is or has to be. CA3:CW wasn’t. Most 13-year-olds, that is, but apparently not you. Is there no middle ground for you between “paragon” and “utter shithead”? Steve is trying to do the right thing for mostly the right reasons and isn’t screwing it up too much. If that’s not good enough for you, then would you accept any moral ambiguity in your fiction at all? Steve Rogers isn’t a perfect person in the MCU. He’s close, true, but not quite there. That’s been explicit ever since Avengers 2. Remember how Wanda inflicted a nightmare vision on him, Thor, and Tony? Thor saw Ragnarok, Tony everyone dying around him, and Steve saw a welcome-home party from the end of World War II. He doesn’t know what to do with himself if he’s not a soldier. He doesn’t know how to have a normal life. (Moral paragons in the MCU: Thor, after the character development in his first movie, is pretty close to Jesus; Vision is a literally-born-yesterday innocent; and among mere mortals, VA staffer Sam Wilson is probably pretty close.) Expecting Steve to always be right, and then saying that the world is wrong if it disagrees with him, is ignoring some clear-as-day elements of the series. Lord Riven, Kai- the problem with putting Bucky away somewhere is so far he’s unique and they had no proof any place was capable of dealing with him and that they even wanted to do anything helpful for him Aryeh Harris-Shapiro- I think they’re trying to tear the superheroes down so it’s amazing when they come back together to win in the Infinity Wars movies. Personally I always felt that sort of comeback does more to make the villains look bad than the heroes look good I also think that the MCU vs DCCU comparisons still put the MCU as less grim, because they’re seemingly staying true to themselves and seem readier to fix things. The Bat-brand thing that gets people killed in prisons isn’t very Batman and Superman shouldn’t need to kill someone to know he doesn’t want to kill anyone basically. I also disagree with your characterization of Cap because Cap is perfectly willing to follow orders. Basically anytime you see him in a montage scene in Cap1 it’s all him under orders and maybe they’re not the greatest but he lives with them. Him following orders in Avengers isn’t that OOC as so many claim he’s just trying to make sure they don’t go off without some key info when they need to. And he was fine working for Shield in TWS. Cap’s attitude towards orders lines up pretty good with Nick Fury’s in the MCU. Fury’s comments to the Security Council when they tried to nuke New York, “As it was a dumbass decision I have elected to ignore it,” would work perfect for Steve if say Phillips had tried to call them back when Howard and Peggy dropped him behind enemy lines for the big rescue Cyrus- I think Steve’s is more what he’s been denied, that may not have been how the other visions worked, but then Steve has experienced different things from all the rest Cyrus: As far as the age thing goes, remember that its really easy for parents to bring their under-thirteen kids to a PG-13 movie. And the Marvel movies make way too much money for that not to be happening. And I absolutely don’t object to nuance and shades of grey, but additional complexity means that more narrative scrutiny is warranted in order to figure out exactly WHAT the movie is saying. Things can be complex, nuanced, packed with compelling shades of gray, and completely destructive and toxic thematically. Wouldn’t say Civil War is THAT bad, but I think what the movie is saying is absolutely harmful. To kids, sure, but knee-jerk anti-authoritarianism is the same impulse fueling the Tea Party, so I don’t think the rest of the world can be counted out. And it’s canon that Steve is the MCU’s moral paradigm. It’s explicitly explained in Cap 1 that the super-soldier serum turns you into the platonic ideal of what’s in your heart. The Red Skull turned into a Nazi Goblin, and Steve Rogers turned into Captain America. He also managed to budge Mjolnir in A2, which means he must be more “worthy” (for whatever value of worthy you choose) than Tony, who can’t move it at all even with Rhodey’s help. And beyond keeping Tony’s parents’ death a secret (which the movie treats as a betrayal, true, but a sensible one with good judgment behind it) Civil War never once seriously critiques Cap’s position. Tony’s side is allowed to score points (the Wakandans mostly) but the movie never seriously forces us to examine the morality of Cap’s actions the way the scene with the mom in the school hallway explicitly forces us to do with Tony. And once we visit the raft, the movie goes full on anti-regulation to the point where the climax doesn’t even feel the need to address that issue at all. And the endings bear that out–Cap gets a cool little speech and a dope prison breakout without any real trace of an arc, and Tony chooses to ignore Ross’s call and let them escape. The resolution of the film is Tony learning his lesson and coming back around (at least somewhat) to Cap’s way of thinking. Cap doesn’t grow as a character in his own movie (which he did in 1 and 2), which indicates to me that the creative voices behind the MCU don’t see any need for him to grow. Cap isn’t a perfect person based on our empirical experiences with the character, but the narrative frame of Civil War demands that he have a superlative moral character when I’d argue that his actual actions speak to the opposite. The story the movie tells us we’re watching is different from the story we’re actually watching, and that cognitive dissonance (in my opinion) is what undermines Civil War as a functional story. And my objection to Cap’s shittiness should be put in context–Cap 1 is my second-favorite Marvel movie and the scene where he explains that he can’t get drunk anymore is my favorite Marvel scene full stop. I loved Winter Soldier with every bone in my body too. I only really started reacting negatively to Cap in A2, and even that was mitigated by Tony being an absolute idiot and Cap’s very reasonable objections to creating an unsupervised, near omnipotent-AI. But A2 was where Cap started to fully buy into his own moral authority, and I don’t think Cap works when he starts to get smug (and the Whedonesque quips that have defined the series can’t help but read smug when people are having involved debates about moral certainty). Essential decency is what prevents Cap’s moral authoritarianism from turning him into the fascist parody Millar created with The Ultimates, and when he starts talking down to his teammates for contemplating the accords, that decency starts to erode. It would be a fascinating character arc if I had any faith that it was intentional or that the films would capitalize on it in any way going forward. Also: Are you Cyrus from Spill (RIP) and One of Us? If that sentence makes no sense to you, feel free to disregard. I’m not sure I said one last thing clearly in that big post that I want to make explicit: My critical perspective is functionalist. I’m a screenwriter, so I try to look at how a film works and acts on its audience and then expand from there to figure out what it’s actually communicating to its audience. Other perspectives and approaches are totally valid, but that’s how I personally approach film and its the best way I’ve found to incorporate authorial intention and audience-imposed meaning into a single, unified reading of a work. My point re: your point about Steve’s hallucination is that the MCU is so big and sprawling that it supports a huge multiplicity of readings. The fact that everyone here has an internally consistent reading of the film despite most of us having diverging interpretations is testament at least to the success of the MCU as a whole. You can be a fan of the whole while having wildly different opinions (even on a text level) about its various parts. So stuff like Cap’s hallucination in A2, which I see as a concession to the plot need to incapacitate the Avengers (to get to the Hulkbuster sequence) and to foreshadow Infinity War (twice) more than as a serious examination of a chink in Cap’s armor, especially since his is the only vision not to directly inform the plot in some way. The fact that each of the visions seems to operate on completely different rules (Widow just has a straight-up flashback) supports this for me and gives me confidence that the vision doesn’t need to be weighed as core to the writers’ interpretation of the character. But on the other hand, seeing it differently is totally valid. That’s where I’m coming from here. I’m not weighing up the political merits of Cap’s and Tony’s positions, I’m not trying to build a meta-arc throughout the continuity (although the fact that all of Cap’s arcs have been about the dangers and traps of authoritarianism while Tony’s have been about the need for prudence and oversight should probably have been hit on in Civil War itself. See? Now I’m doing it), I’m just trying to look at the way the story underneath it all works and weigh it against what we see actually see onscreen in order to come up with my interpretation of the thing. @Aryeh Harris-Shapiro: First, I don’t think you’re doing yourself any favors by describing the movie as “harmful”; I sincerely doubt that this is going to be the first step in some eight year old’s journey to holing up in a wilderness refuge in Oregon. 🙂 The movie makes it clear enough for any reasonable person to realize that Cap has his blind spots and flaws and they do come back to bite him in the ass. You keep pointing out that Cap was being shitty for not telling Tony the truth about his parents, but you seem to have missed that this isn’t a bug, it’s a feature. Cap set himself up as the moral arbiter of HYDRA’s secrets, and it cost him the trust of his most powerful ally and left Earth vulnerable. That’s not something you’re supposed to ignore even within this one film, let alone in the context of the looming threat of Thanos. I think further that your description of the film as “knee-jerk anti-authoritarianism” isn’t correct, either; Steve has reservations from the beginning, sure, but he’s willing to work within the system right up until he finds out that the authority involved is willing to put a teenage girl under indefinite extrajudicial house arrest because she’s got super powers. For you to claim that this is a knee-jerk anti-authoritarian stance would involve convincing me that there’s no way that the real world government would ever do something incredibly shitty to someone just for being an embarrassment to them (cough Snowden cough). Cap has some points, just like Tony does, and I don’t think the movie explicitly endorses either position. (Note that the big, shattering split between Tony and Steve at the end comes when Tony abandons all those principles he had about needing to be put in check and freelances just like Steve did. It can be argued pretty persuasively that Cap’s principles only work for Captain America personally–when Tony acts like Steve, nothing good comes of it.) I don’t want to discourage you from discussing the movie or anything, because I think there’s a lot of meat on the bones. But I think if you come at it from a place of “This movie was harmful and here’s why,” you’re going to meet more resistance than if you just discuss your concerns with it. @John: If I think a movie’s harmful, I’m gonna say it (and if there’s some kind of resistance, I’ll address it, but everyone’s been very open to discussion here). It doesn’t mean the movie’s evil, doesn’t mean the movie shouldn’t exist or needs to be changed. Harm can be subtle and incidental, so tiny that it might as well not even be there. My reading of the film is obviously as subjective as anyone else’s, but I don’t think it’s crazy to assert that the film implicitly supports the viewpoints of a paranoid, knee-jerk authoritarian and encourages subtle reflections of those viewpoints in the audience. And the blockbusters we consume as a country drastically impact and feed off our national consciousness. Nothing works on an audience more effectively than a popcorn movie that’s pretending not to say much. This stuff matters just as much as an assessment of the movie’s success as a superhero flick. This movie (the MCU too,but this movie specifically) is a worldwide billion-dollar business. The things it puts out there into the culture are really, really important. Let me break down the movie as I saw it real quick: 1) Shit goes down in Lagos. Unfortunate situation, no one’s really to blame. 2) Sokovia accords get put on the table. Tony wants to sign them because they’ve been regularly incurring collateral damage he thinks they need oversight. Cap rejects them because “our safer hands are still our own.” Note “our.” Cap is arguing for full superhuman autonomy for everyone on the team in this scene, Tony included. Tony levels an ultimatum: sign or retire. Cap refuses without even asking questions about the nature of the oversight or the enforcement mechanisms it entails. I wouldn’t ask Marvel to get into that in a movie, but the result is that Cap objects to any oversight at all on principal. 3) UN blows up, a team is sent after Bucky with a shoot-to-kill mandate. Steve decides to go bring Bucky in himself. This is all fine with me and perfectly in line with who Cap should be (selflessly putting himself in the line of fire to protect an innocent from dying needlessly, with the end goal of taking that innocent in and making the world a safer place). Everyone is arrested. 4) Tony brings Steve up to his office and tells him nothing’s been done that can’t be undone and offers to bring him in on the accords again. Steve almost signs (if anyone can remember why he almost changes his mind here, that’d be awesome, I think its my only major recall gap), then he finds out about Wanda and the two start fighting. This is interrupted by Zemo triggering Bucky. It’s important to note that nothing’s been resolved in this scene narratively. No action has been taken whatsoever, it’s just two characters talking. Steve doesn’t hardline refuse to sign, he starts arguing with Tony and then they’re interrupted. He never gets there. That distinction is really important for understanding the way the narrative functions, because neither Steve nor Tony change by the end of the scene. Steve’s decision-making process (don’t talk to Tony, act first, get permission later) remains unchanged after the scene as well. You can talk about Wanda as a pivot point for the conflict, but she doesn’t actually function that way in the narrative as presented (its a case of the script reverting to the shape of the story without actually executing the story itself) , that’s the interpretation you’re bringing to the screen (which is, again, just as valid). Also, Wanda helped Ultron steal the vibranium he needed for his plan (while believing he just wanted to kill Tony, which is still accessory to attempted first degree murder) and unleashed the Hulk (deliberately or not) on that city in A2 and was never tried for either crime, so honestly she should have been on house arrest a really long time ago. The alternative is that the world of the Avengers is a world where there’s no accountability for your actions as long as you end up on the side of the angels eventually, which isn’t a world I want to buy into (and I’m not, because see below). 5) Cap finds Bucky and Zemo, assesses the situation, and decides to help Bucky escape instead of subduing him, returning him to custody and getting an actual psychologist to start deprogramming him. He also chooses (verbally, explicitly) not to tell Tony about Zemo before going to pursue him. They decide to go after Zemo on their own. 6) Everybody fights at the airport. It’s the coolest thing I’ve seen onscreen since the Avengers climax. I believe at this point Steve tries to explain himself but Tony shoots him down. I should also point out that at no point do Tony and his team use lethal force (except that one spot with Vision and War Machine, but that was clearly an accident) and are trying to capture rather than kill. Steve’s endgame (protect Bucky, take down Zemo) is still VERY POSSIBLE even if Tony wins the airport fight. 7) Steve and Bucky make it to Zemo with Tony in hot pursuit. Zemo drops the bomb about Tony’s parents, Tony snaps and tries to start murdering Bucky. Steve and Bucky fight him off and escape. Black Panther stops Zemo from killing himself (and, by the way, don’t even get me started on Iron Man stealing Black Panther’s climax with that reveal. I mean, get me started if you want, I’ll talk about it). 8) Steve breaks his crew out of the Raft. Tony puts Ross on hold when the alert comes in, signifying that he’s coming back around to the side of the angels. That’s basically the central arc of the movie right there. If I got anything wrong, let me know. See anything missing there? Captain America’s flaws never impact the plot or prevent him from achieving his goals in any way, shape, or form. I’m saying they’re not present (my whole argument has been that Cap SUCKS), I’m saying that they’re window dressing that serves no narrative function (and before someone says they’ll come into play later in the MCU–sure, and I’ll probably like those movies a lot more. I’m not paying theater prices for incomplete movies anymore). Character flaws aren’t narratively “real” unless they impact the story in a concrete way. A movie doesn’t have to endorse Cap with explicit approval or disapproval, it endorses him implicitly by showing that his actions and beliefs lead to his success without significant revision or alteration. We as an audience can see his flaws and understand them but they don’t play into the mechanism of the central story. It’s texture work, skin rather than spine, which isn’t what protagonists’ central flaws should be. That leads me to my conclusion: Either Steve’s flaws were intentional, in which case the movie did nothing with them narratively, or the prove-Steve-right-at-all-costs plot was intentional (and remember, this is in the comments section of a piece arguing, very convincingly, that Cap’s bonkers-in-real-life political stance makes perfect sense in the MCU), in which case the movie made him a jackass by accident. Unless the MCU is experimenting with some radical ideas about antihero identification with the Cap movies (they’re not), the movie fails on its own terms. (Or you don’t think Cap’s an asshole, which is very fair, but then I don’t think that you can look beneath the surface of the movie and justify an argument that Cap’s flaws are anything more than the surface imitation of a complex moral viewpoint. But I’d welcome a counterpoint from anyone who’s got one.) Unless telling an emotional, coherent story isn’t how the MCU defines success anymore. Unless the world’s coolest airport fight scene was the point of the movie all along and the emotional attachment we have with these characters is just a way to talk us into the building, and Marvel’s excellent fan-management has just turned into a branding exercise (I think Cyrus said something similar earlier). And I have even less interest in buying into that MCU than the two possibilities I suggested above. We’ll set aside the “harmful” thing for now, because I don’t think you will ever convince me this is harmful and you clearly don’t think you sound silly here. 🙂 Moving on. I’d start by disputing 1), honestly. There’s a lot we don’t see in Lagos, but it doesn’t appear as though Cap is involving local authorities, preparing for an evacuation, letting them know that maybe they should get their biohazard material out of harm’s way…it’s not presented as the kind of lazy, callous inattention to the safety of innocents the way that the comic version was, but a reasonable case can be made that if Cap had been working with the government of Lagos, deaths could have been avoided. This is a point for the pro-Reg side, and it’s why Wanda takes so long to get involved. She’s aware that they fucked up. 2) I’d dispute this as well. Cap’s “our” basically means “my”; he’s not arguing for autonomy for everyone on the team, he’s saying that he believes the Avengers, as a unit, should operate autonomously under his guidance. This is his hubris talking here. There’s also some time elided over, and I don’t think that he immediately rejects it, but I do think that he evaluates it in light of the events of ‘Winter Soldier’ which is an entirely sensible thing to do. 4) You’re misremembering the scene. First, there’s the memory gap you are aware of–Cap is willing to acquiesce so long as he’s given assurances that there are reasonable safeguards against the Avengers being sent in to put down peaceful protestors, or being withheld from humanitarian interventions because a signatory state has an alliance they don’t want jeopardized. The kind of thing that would be sensible to demand. But the second thing you’re forgetting is that they’re not interrupted by Zemo’s triggering of Bucky. That happens after the conversation is done and dusted and Cap has made it clear that he considers what is being done to Wanda to be unconscionable–not because she shouldn’t be held accountable for her actions, as you claim, but because her house arrest is extrajudicial and not due to her actions but her abilities. Wanda hasn’t been put on trial for her actions in Sokovia. She hasn’t been arrested for letting Crossbones go boom. They…and “they” here is very nebulous…have simply decided that it’s easier for everyone if she doesn’t leave Avengers compound. This is making a point that sometimes, “governmental oversight” is simply the next layer of authority that answers to no one but itself. In the wake of the Tamir Rice killing, can you really say that’s an unfair or untrue assertion to make? It’s after that, when he’s on his way out, that Cap sees Zemo triggering Bucky. At that point, he’s simply trying to do what he can to avert bloodshed (including Bucky’s) in a situation where nobody is listening to reason. It’s arguably his moment of hamartia, where he makes a clear mistake because he believes that he and he alone knows what’s right. And having gotten hubris and hamartia, we get our anagnorisis–Steve, in the interest of doing what he thinks is right, has been lying to his friends and keeping secrets just like he accuses the government of doing. Sure, he defeats Tony in the physical battle. Sure, he frees his friends. But if you think he “won” that, you’re not paying attention to the movie. It’s a tragedy, and it ends with Steve on the run, and his best ally no longer able to trust him. He leaves his shield behind because, even though it’s not a hammer, he’s not worthy of it. Jason said on May 20th, 2016 at 9:13 pm @John Seavey- yet at the same time Tony is deciding to kill Bucky the shiny new hero who’s stronger than the super soldiers and has better tech than the tech guy is releasing a grudge because he understands it wasn’t Bucky’s fault now. If they’re that blatant in showing Tony’s grudge to be wrong do you really think they’re condemning the actions that led to it. I just don’t think this was meant to be an everybody was wrong about something movie Kyle W. said on May 20th, 2016 at 10:36 pm A H-S, please make your Black Panther point. Aryeh Harris-Shapiro said on May 21st, 2016 at 12:48 am @John: First, appreciate the clarification on the scene I had wrong. I knew I was a little hazy there and I don’t want to base my points on bad memory. Second, my assertion that Civil War is harmful is based on the twin beliefs that it tells a two-faced, hypocritical story and that its narrative has real impact in the world around it because of the MCU and Disney’s massive cultural platform. I can’t quite tell which part you disagree with, and we’re probably never going to agree on this, which is fine. Would appreciate it if you didn’t call me (or anyone, really) silly. Also, I think you’re either misremembering or misreading the tone of the finale to support your interpretation. The movie ends with a cool guy Cap speech, him springing his entire crew of friends and allies, and a witty Tony Stark zinger on mean old Thunderbolt Ross. I don’t think we’re ever going to be on the same page about this movie because we’re reading it completely differently. @Kyle: Black Panther’s entire motivation up until the climax was the murder of his father by the “Winter Soldier”. Tony’s entire motivation up until the climax was his dick measuring contest with Steve. And then suddenly, Tony’s trying to get revenge for the murder of his parents so he gets to participate in the big climactic battle. And Black Panther learns some kind of lesson offscreen (an omission that renders him completely disposable as a character in the current cut) and decides to convince Zemo (the man who ACTUALLY murdered his father) not to kill himself. Wouldn’t it make more sense if the final fight was Black Panther vs. Steve vs. Bucky, with Panther’s vigilante-as-revenge-killer ideology clashing against Steve’s vigilante-as-ultimate-selfless-public-servant beliefs with Bucky caught in the middle? And then Panther learns the truth and realizes just how close to killing Bucky he came over a lie and changes his revenge-seeking ways, choosing to stop Zemo from killing himself and delivering him to justice instead. The ultimate test case of Cap’s belief in the inherent goodness and altruism of the human spirit. Doesn’t that feel better? Don’t think of Iron Man vs. Cap as the inevitable endgame of Civil War, they could have gone any way with this. Doesn’t the endgame of this movie make much more sense with T’Challa in Tony’s spot? Maybe T’Challa/Tony/Steve/Bucky fighting in a two-on-two situation? I have nothing to back this up but my intuition, but it really feels to me like Panther was supposed to be much more involved in this movie and a big chunk of his material got given to Tony somewhere in the rewrite process.* *I know Tony’s parents’ assassination was established in Winter Soldier. These decisions get made way in advance, and that reveal in particular would have been very easy to reshoot and plug in. And I don’t know that Tony’s parents weren’t part of the Civil War plan all along, but it feels insane to me that Panther is as absent as he is in the finale given how much they played him up at the beginning and little he actually does. EDIT: Now that I think about it, the Spidey stuff was probably Panther’s real estate (maybe Wanda/Vision’s, that seemed shortchanged too) before the Sony deal went through. That might have something to do with it. Dan Coyle said on May 21st, 2016 at 1:20 am @Fraser: Since Iron Man/Captain America: Casualties of War was thrown together because Tom Brevoort can’t do his damn job- uh, I mean, the main Civil War series was delayed, why yes, it WAS a last minute argument. Socraticsilence said on May 21st, 2016 at 3:17 am Does the general public in the MCU not know Tony made Ultron, and that he did so after being explicitly told not to do so by his teammates? Because if they do, why isn’t Toby permanently zoned out on psychotropic drugs or outright lobotomized. I mean Wanda was put under house arrest and later sedated and she killed far less people and had far less culpability for the deaths she did ostensibly cause. John Seavey said on May 22nd, 2016 at 3:58 pm @Socraticsilence: It seems likely that they don’t (the woman at the beginning specified that she worked at the State Department) but I’m not sure what the consequences for Tony would be if they did. Because it’s a situation pretty much unprecedented in legal history. I don’t know that Tony Stark can be held liable, legally, for the actions taken by an AI that he created, especially when he can document the project to show, “Hey, we told Ultron that its mission was to protect the human race and keep us all safe.” If I taught my kid that message, and he grew up to be Charles Manson or something, there’s not a court in the world that would throw me in jail for my role in the Manson killings. But that assumes an AI is treated as a “person”, legally, and not a defective piece of machinery. If that was the case, though, you’d have to prove negligence on Stark’s part, which would be its own set of interesting court cases. Basically, what I’m saying is that I’m not sure anyone felt confident enough saying he’d broken a law because there may not be settled law to cover this eventuality. On the other hand, the fact that there aren’t constant hordes of protesters following him everywhere he goes in the film suggests that the general public isn’t aware because in the court of public opinion, man, his ass would be toast. 🙂 Dylan said on May 22nd, 2016 at 7:08 pm @John Seavey Per Law and the Multiverse, the answer is “probably.” http://lawandthemultiverse.com/2015/05/12/age-of-ultron-part-i/ @JayDzed said on May 22nd, 2016 at 11:52 pm @Aryeh Harris-Shapiro: You’ve raised some excellent points, and I think your version of the climax with either T’Challa replacing Tony or fighting alongside Tony against Steven and Bucky would have been an improvement. As for why T’Challa stopped Zemo from killing himself, I felt that was sufficiently covered in the movie: T’Challa learns that Bucky not only didn’t have anything to do with the deaths at the UN, but it was all deliberately set up by Zemo precisely so that the Avengers would tear themselves apart. Zemo had almost entirely succeeded in this, and letting him kill himself at that point would have been letting him walk away with everything he wanted. Clearly T’Challa was not interested in Zemo getting what he wanted. Whether that was because ‘Must follow the rule of law’ or just ‘Screw you dude, you don’t get out of this that lightly’ is open for interpretation. I wouldn’t be willing to argue there wasn’t at least some of the latter, though. And who can blame him? Learning that your father and a bunch of other people were murdered just as pawns to set up the Avengers? That’s gonna leave some resentment. Dan Coyle said on May 23rd, 2016 at 1:36 am You know, the title of this post only had to be the first four words. Frank Shannon said on May 23rd, 2016 at 7:56 am I don’t have much to add to the discussion, but I wanted to say reading it was delightful. At the end of the movie I had a real sense that this was a kind of masterpiece. It was a pretty great movie made under what were obviously some pretty difficult constraints. I’ve been reading about these movies the last couple of days, and one hot take was that after/with age of ultron these movies couldn’t be any good any more. Joss Whedon is great at snappy banter, but A2 didn’t have time for a lot of back and forth. Because of how many fights there had to be, because of how many characters there are, because the movie has to act as an ad for the next one. A shortage of time for character beats may make good film hard to come by in future Marvel/Disney projects, but I think this one really works. I can kind of see your point AHS, but I feel like A1%2 were much more pernicious than CA3. Masses of faceless enemies who exist only to be killed are a revolting development in American cinema. P.S. If you object to being used as an ATM by Marvel/Disney what the hell are you doing watching any of these movies? Cyrus said on May 23rd, 2016 at 10:10 am And Black Panther learns some kind of lesson offscreen (an omission that renders him completely disposable as a character in the current cut) and decides to convince Zemo (the man who ACTUALLY murdered his father) not to kill himself… it really feels to me like Panther was supposed to be much more involved in this movie and a big chunk of his material got given to Tony somewhere in the rewrite process. I’d agree that several characters’ subplots and arcs felt rushed in this movie in general terms but I think they hit the essentials of T’Challa’s development (the Vision and Wanda were the ones I felt were glossed over the most), and I don’t think any of his plot points were given to Tony in particular. If anything, just the reverse – he’s there as a contrast to Tony. If anyone is tempted to say, “well, Tony’s wrong about registration, but we have to excuse him for trying to kill the guy who killed his father,” no we don’t. T’Challa had the same opportunity and decided against it. In fact, unlike Tony he faced the guy who actually killed his father, whereas Tony only faced the guy who was mind-controlled into it, and decided against it anyway. T’Challa managed to be rational enough to see what the Zemo wanted and deserved and put that ahead of his selfish impulse to vengeance. Any lesson T’Challa learned to this effect would have been learned before the events of the movie, as part of general kingliness stuff. Tony’s vengefulness was not a justifiable reaction to confronting Bucky, it was part of his general selfish short-sightedness. (I’m tempted to put T’Challa on the list of moral paragons of the MCU, but (a) not enough data and (b) it’s stupid to categorize this stuff anyway.) Marvel’s excellent fan-management has just turned into a branding exercise (I think Cyrus said something similar earlier). No I didn’t. Also: Are you Cyrus from Spill (RIP) and One of Us? No, I’m not. Candlejack said on May 23rd, 2016 at 1:14 pm I don’t think T’Challa taking Stark’s place in the final fight would be an improvement. It’s Cap’s movie, after all; the final fight should have some resonance with him. The sum total of his interactions with T’Challa have amounted to trying to stop the guy from murdering his friend, so another fight where he tries to stop the guy from murdering his friend wouldn’t add anything. (Also, Black Panther can’t really represent the vigilante-as-anything. He’s not a vigilante. He operates with the full knowledge and support of his government. In fact, he is his government. If anything, until he casts aside vengeance, he represents the abuse of power: using all the resources of his position to track down and murder a man on the basis of a single piece of easily-faked evidence.) UnSub said on June 11th, 2016 at 1:10 am MGK, the biggest problem with your argument supporting Cap’s viewpoint is that the MCU wants to keep its world being similar to the ‘real’ world but then put super powered beings into it without it changing. It wants to have its cake and to be able to eat it too. So it wants to be able to blow things up big but then ignore civilian casualties for the most part (as has been pretty much the case up to “Civil War”). It wants characters to be able to act in dramatic ways without having to deal with consequences (e.g. Wanda worked with Ultron and caused casualties around the globe, but because she decided she wanted to be an Avenger, everything’s forgiven). Also, Wanda might be under a form of house arrest during “Civil War”, but that’s only until the Accords were sorted out. During the movie she ends up in prison for attacking people trying to arrest international terrorist the Winter Soldier. (Sure, he might not be responsible for the bombing in the film, but I’m sure there are a lot of other cases that Bucky is responsible for. Mind control is really the MCU’s excuse for a lot of behaviour the ‘real world’ would still lock people up for.) Cap’s not right and it’s shown in the opening scenes of Civil War where he chooses to engage a group of armed, hostile mercenaries in the middle of a crowded market. He didn’t have it cleared, or take the fight into less populated areas (aka the Man of Steel Criticism) – he chose that he and his team engage where civilians were in imminent danger. The film is good enough to ignore this. Wanda then gets blamed for what happened when she actually minimised casualties arising from her commander’s bad decision. But “Civil War” doesn’t want the audience to consider that Cap may ever make a bad call, because that would undercut the idea that he (and the Avengers) need some kind of oversight. (I also feel that Cap’s argument is very acceptable to a US / NA audience, but if the People’s Defence Force was blowing holes in New York fighting Hydra before heading back to Beijing, the whole ‘we can trust superpowered beings to manage things themselves’ wouldn’t be nearly as acceptable.) John Seavey said on June 12th, 2016 at 4:30 pm “Cap’s not right and it’s shown in the opening scenes of Civil War where he chooses to engage a group of armed, hostile mercenaries in the middle of a crowded market.” Except that he didn’t choose that. Armed terrorists with active bioweapons chose to take the fight into a crowded market, possibly with intent to release the bioweapon into the populace. There’s not a law-enforcement agency in the world that would have handled a scenario like that any differently than Cap did, and for the same reason–you don’t have time to evacuate, the terrorists aren’t going to let themselves be herded, and inaction isn’t an option because the bioweapon is a clear and present danger. Cap did the job the best anyone could under the circumstances. Piranhtachew said on July 23rd, 2016 at 10:23 pm “…why Wyoming needs its own superteam I don’t know, but they supposedly had one” To save us from Cheney? I keep wondering who’ve been on Rex’s team in all this. UnSub said on July 26th, 2016 at 12:39 pm How law enforcement agencies train their officers for pursuit / chase situations can vary a lot, especially when balancing public safety issues. The whole “not having time to evaluate” is something that Cap entered into when he found out that his intel was wrong and then he chased a bunch of thieves (they were looking to escape with the bioweapon) into a corner in a crowded market place. Cap’s best decision underestimated Crossbones, got psyched out by him and then would have gotten a lot of people killed (including himself) if Scarlet Witch didn’t contain the blast. Which then led to a smaller group being killed, for which Scarlet Witch bore all of the blame, rather than her commander.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5781
__label__wiki	0.614023	0.614023	where did st jerome live 21 22 23. When Come with us and help us support the good people of the Holy Land! He also demonstrated the importance and validity of Christian literature, which had by then become a real culture that deserved to be compared with classical literature: he did so by composing his De Viris Illustribus, a work in which Jerome presents the biographies of more than a hundred Christian authors. Saint James, ; feast day July 25), one of the Twelve Apostles, distinguished as being in Jesus’ innermost circle and the only apostle whose martyrdom is recorded in the New Testament (Acts 12:2). Septuagint and translated the books of the Old Testament Bible from the accompanied by some loyal followers, including several wealthy Roman ladies It is interesting to point out the criteria which the great biblicist abided by in his work as a translator. Art: St Jerome in his Study, Domenico Ghirlandaio, 1480, PD-US; Still Life with Bible, Vincent Van Gogh, 1885, PD-Art, both Wikimedia Commons. Site Map \| He was swift to anger, but also swift to feel remorse, even more severe on his own shortcomings than on those of others. He repeatedly exhorted others to saturate their minds with the Scriptures: In 374, he decided to dwell in the desert of Chalcis southeast of Antioch. Today, he rests at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. \| Irondale, AL 35210 \|. Taken from: L'Osservatore Romano Weekly Edition in English 14 November 2007, page 11. Jerome was often criticized for using the Hebrew text rather than Jerome also had to battle with the desires of the flesh. Today, the town, which ceased to exist in Jerome's time, would likely be in Croatia or Slovenia. How long does a fresh turkey last in the refrigerator? He had the virtues and the unpleasant fruits of being a fearless critic and all the usual moral problems of a man. The following is a translation of the Pope's Catechesis, which was given in Italian. All rights reserved. Fulton Sheen’s Advice for the End of 2020, Former Swiss Guard Serves a Feast for the Imagination in The Vatican Christmas Cookbook. Today, he rests at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. He was born around 342 AD, in Stridon, Dalmatia. St. Jerome is a great patron saint for those of us who love books and languages. Saint Jerome of Stridon was born into a Christian family in the city of Stridon located on the border between Dalmatia and Pannonia. Did you know that St. Jerome is the patron saint of librarians and of translators? About 120 letters, considered as authentically written by Saint Jerome, have been preserved. law. has personally done more and greater in translation than any man will In addition, he translated various works by Greek authors. Then Saint Jerome decided to dedicate himself totally to God, and to become a monk. At the beginning of his life in the capital, the youth was captivated by worldly vanities and fell into temptation. He studied Christian theology in Trier, Germany and became YouTube \| He is best known for his translation of most of the Bible into Latin (the translation that became known as the Vulgate) and his commentaries on the Gospels.His list of writings is extensive. Stained glass photo: Glasfenster in Katharinenkirche Bethlehem, Bgabel at wikivoyage shared, own work, 23.02.09, CC, Wikimedia Commons. 108, 6-14). The First Recorded Celebration of Christmas, When Is Thanksgiving? to Palestine. This dialogue with Scripture must always have two dimensions: on the one hand, it must be a truly personal dialogue because God speaks with each one of us through Sacred Scripture and it has a message for each one. Every book he owned, he had to copy with his own hand! Lastly, in the important Epistulae, a masterpiece of Latin literature, Jerome emerges with the profile of a man of culture, an ascetic and a guide of souls. Above the sanctuary, a window depicts the Nativity, with St Francis and St Augustine looking on. Here Bishop Paulinos ordained him to the priesthood. he dreamed of dancing girls in Rome he simply fasted and studied more In Rome he began his great service The Septuagint was the worldly and self-seeking; the language he used towards them was often where he had a dream which strongly convicted him - Christ was scourging After completing his Several members of the Roman aristocracy, especially noblewomen such as Paula, Marcella, Asella, Lea and others, desirous of committing themselves to the way of Christian perfection and of deepening their knowledge of the Word of God, chose him as their spiritual guide and teacher in the methodical approach to the sacred texts. Is there a way to search all eBay sites for different countries at once? We'd like to ask for your prayers and continued financial support by mail or our new online offering system (which can be accessed here). 106, 2). During this period he began his correspondence with numerous persons upon a variety of questions. One of the pivotal figures in the history of the preservation and transmission of the Bible was a brilliant, temperamental, dedicated, irascible scholar named Jerome. In 1948, Antonio Barluzzi—the architect of the Holy Land—restored the church, creating the beautiful cloister that pilgrims encounter as they near the main entrance of the church. He was, as someone has said, no admirer of moderation whether in virtue or against evil. Having made arrangements for the care of his siblings, he journeyed to the East with several of his friends. What is the contribution of candido bartolome to gymnastics? Today, he rests at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore. Now his relics rest in the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. All rights reserved. St Eusebius led the monastery after St Jerome’s death in 420 AD. the ancients, to study everything, to hold fast to the good, and never Jerome believed that the knowledge of the Scripture was How awesome is that? Top Answer. Top Answer. If not, why did he translate one? St Paula and her daughter Eustochium travelled with St. Jerome and helped him with his monastery. He is the patron saint of librarians. While in Rome Jerome also lashed out against the immorality and corruption monastic communities, one for men and another for women. Lives of the Saints /. A Disturbing Dream Away from the politics and turmoil of Roman life, Jerome could live the ascetic, monastic life he so desired and devote himself to study. to depart from the Christian faith. Diana is the co-producer (along with husband, David), writer, editor, and host of The Faithful Traveler, a series on EWTN, which explores the art, architecture, history and doctrine behind Catholic churches, shrines and places of pilgrimage throughout the world. To understand St. Jerome's position we must remember that the works of Origen were by far the most complete exegetical collection then in existence, and the one most accessible to students. classics at the expense of Christian truth, and he vowed not to study Bethlehem was a monastic centre. In it the great exegete expressed this very reality, that is, in the Word of God we receive eternity, eternal life. Contact \| © Copyright 2020 Catholic Exchange. The present church was built in 1882 over the ruins of a 12th century Crusader church and St Jerome’s 4th-5th century monastery. As a prominent member of the Roman clergy, he has often been portrayed anachronistically in the garb of a cardinal. In the year 411 a new ordeal beset the saint, Bethlehem was invaded by wild Bedouin Arabs. Thus, although it is always a personal Word, it is also a Word that builds community, that builds the Church. scholar with an insatiable passion for learning. Jerome's monastic lifestyle did not keep him from getting involved in the theological controversies of the day, which resulted in many of his later writings. He lived in a cave near Bethlehem. These cares forced him to put aside his plans to enter a monastery, at least for a time. varied greatly in accuracy and readability. of God as clearly and powerfully as the original Hebrew or Greek. Where did Saint Jerome live? On the basis of the original Greek and Hebrew texts, and thanks to the comparison with previous versions, he revised the four Gospels in Latin, then the Psalter and a large part of the Old Testament. For the next fifteen years Jerome went behind the Greek Septuagint and translated the books of the Old Testament Bible from the Hebrew into Latin. Jerome's literary studies and vast erudition enabled him to revise and translate many biblical texts: an invaluable undertaking for the Latin Church and for Western culture. The spiky Catherine wheel is named after her, although it didn’t end up killing her. What Is Marketing Pdf Definition, Physics 9th Class Chapter 2, Sprite Calories 12 Oz, Notocactus Magnificus Balloon Cactus, Chefman 25l Air Fryer, Custom Communications Inc Samsung, Clout Meaning In Urdu, Ultrahd® 72" Adjustable Height Beechwood Top Workbench, How Long Does A Peanut Butter Banana Sandwich Last, Science Icons Png, Beef Stew Noodles Vietnamese, Crispy Baked Chicken Wings, where did st jerome live 2020	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5782
__label__wiki	0.641053	0.641053	JaPrince Fulmore Leads The JaPrince Show in Wielding the Power of Words to Make a Difference Countless industry powerhouses have proven that any channel can be transformed into a medium for serving others. For some, they choose to use their influence as a public figure to advocate important causes, while others work behind the scenes to make a difference in the lives of individuals and communities. In the case of JaPrince Fulmore, he is bringing a voice to the voiceless through the hit talk show “The JaPrince Show.” JaPrince Fulmore is a New York-based personality who has been active in the quarter gospel music industry his entire life. Over the years, he has carved an esteemed standing for his superb talents as a musician. Known for his skills in arranging, producing, and songwriting, this vocal powerhouse has made a mark for serving as a prolific collaborator, music producer, and singer. Additionally, this well-established figure is the Chief Operating Officer and the senior recording engineer for Lab Studios, which is owned by V & J Records, Publishing and Production, Inc. His extensive network, as well as the career milestones he has bagged under his belt all came together to propel the success of his widely acclaimed brainchild, “The JaPrince Show,” to the forefront. The establishment of this talk show was fueled by JaPrince’s commitment to helping people reach their full potential. Along with his devotion to God and his promise to not allow fear to get in the way of his belief, this stands as the building block for the determination he demonstrates regularly. At the core of The JaPrince Show is the recognition that words do not only have the power to inspire but can also be wielded as a teaching tool. Recently relaunched last February 2020 on the national network, The Now Network, this brain initiative by JaPrince Fulmore boasts a distinctive, captivating style that is designed to teach, inspire, inform, and entertain. Every creative decision made by The JaPrince Show is concentrated around the motto, “Bringing a voice to the voiceless.” Since its introduction to the world, it has shed light on numerous people from all walks of life, empowering them by offering much-needed insights that they can capitalize on to enhance their present and build a better future. At the JaPrince Show, no subject is too big or too small for its highly capable host to bring out the word of God to help and heal those in need. On top of banking on his multitude of talents, he clings to his mission of serving as a man of God to educate, bring hope, and foster self-awareness among the masses. Moving forward and amid the hardships that today’s work is currently facing, JaPrince Fulmore aims to impact the world by proving the words he holds close to his heart. In addition, he hopes to continue leading The JaPrince Show as it touches the lives of countless more people. Learn more about the JaPrince Show by visiting his website. Company Name: V & J Records, Publishing, and Productions Inc. Contact Person: Dawn Young Website: www.japrinceshow.com Dr Song’s 3D Urology and Prostate Clinics Introduced 3D Prostate Targeted Treatment Recently To Cure Minor and Major Prostate Infections 3D Cell Culture Market Is Expected To Experience Hike in Growth Owing To Rising Number of Organizations Investing in 3D Cell Culture Development Till 2024 \| Million Insights Top App Developer Edinburgh Agency Erbo Partners with The City of Edinburgh to Boost Local Tourism	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5783
__label__wiki	0.728029	0.728029	About NTHU Study @ NTHU Academic Info System In Memory of Former NTHU President Liu Chung-laung Former NTHU president Liu Chung-laung passed away on November 7, sending a wave of grief across the entire campus. In 1998 Liu gave up his American citizenship and became the eleventh president of NTHU. Widely respected for his keen judgement and friendly leadership style, during his four-year tenure he enhanced Tsinghua’s reputation and facilitated major corporate donations for the construction of several new buildings, including the TSMC Building and the Macronix Building. Early in his tenure Liu proposed a collaborative arrangement among NTHU, National Chiao Tung University, National Central University, and National Yang-Ming University to form the University System of Taiwan (UST), a cooperative network for resource sharing and academic exchanges. He was also instrumental in the establishment of NTHU’s Institute of Law for Science and Technology, Institute of Technology Management, Department of Quantitative Finance, and College of Technology Management. After stepping down from the post of president in 2002, Liu continued to teach in the Department of Computer Science, while maintaining an active interest in the school’s ongoing development. In 2006 he joined NTHU’s University Development Advisory Committee, and was planning to attend its meeting scheduled for the end of this year. Liu’s unassuming manner and friendly smile made him highly popular amongst the student body. In 2005 he began hosting “I Love to Talk and You Love to Laugh,” a lively and thought-provoking weekly radio show. Liu was also an early proponent and exemplar of interdisciplinary education and research. In fact, for Liu the traditional boundaries between various disciplines were convenient fictions, and one of his favorite adages was “a deep understanding of one field brings an understanding of all fields.” In accordance with Liu’s wishes, no funeral services will be held. Instead, his family has set up a memorial website for leaving condolences and tributes at: https://clliu19341025.wpcomstaging.com/ visited: Copyright©2007-2019 National Tsing Hua University ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Phone：+886-3-571-5131 Address : 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan R.O.C.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5784
__label__cc	0.62909	0.37091	Andres Turvis Andres started playing volleyball at Borinquen Coqui Volleyball Club in Puerto Rico and has been involved with the sport ever since. Has had the opportunity to work with NCAA Division 1 camps like the Badger Camps at the University Of Wisconsin, Madison and has been working with Pat Powers, Olympic Gold Medalist for the US Men’s Volleyball Team for the past 5 years. With a great mentor and friend like Pat Powers, Andres has developed a competitive practice guide, with a strong technical sense to the game that is concentrated on performance and mastery of skills. He is excited to return to PDX)))VB and is looking forward to a competitive season.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5789
__label__cc	0.57142	0.42858	« The “In” Thing To Do Beecher-Monas and the Attempt to Eviscerate Daubert from Within » Friendly Fire Takes Aim at Daubert – Beecher-Monas And The Undue Attack on Expert Witness Gatekeeping Even though the principles of Daubert have been embraced by the entire Supreme Court, in a rare unanimous opinion, (See Weisgram v. Marley Co., 528 U.S. 440 (2000)(Ginsburg, J. writing for a unaminous court), and incorporated into a revised Rule 702, ratified by Congress, the enemies of Daubert abound. Some advocates simply cannot let go of the notion that they have a constitutional right to bamboozle juries with unreliable evidence. Daubert has some friends who would kill it by reinterpreting and diluting the reliability and relevance requirements so that anything goes, and everything is admissible. Perhaps the best example of such a “friend,” is Professor Erica Beecher-Monas, who has written a book-length roadmap on how to eviscerate the gatekeeping concept. See E. Beecher-Monas, Evaluating Scientific Evidence: An Interdisciplinary Framework for Intellectual Due Process (New York 2007). Erica Beecher-Monas (EBM, not to be confused with evidence-based medicine) starts off with a trenchant defense of the epistemic approach of Daubert, and an explanation of why proxies for scientific reliability and validity are doomed to fail. EBM proceeds to offer a five step program of “intellectual due process,” to help trial courts carry out their screening: 1. evaluate the challenged expert witness’s theory and hypothesis for their ability and power to explain the data; 2. evaluate the data that weighs in favor, and against, the expert witness’s theory; the gatekeeper court must weigh all the evidence collectively. The expert witness’s “theory” should explain and account for most of the evidence. According to EBM, the “theory” should explain the data that appears to weigh against the theory as well as the supporting evidence. 3. invoke “supportable assumptions” to bridge the inevitable gaps between underlying data and theory; there are, according to the author, “scientifically justifiable default assumptions,” which should be honored to fill in the gaps in an expert witness’s reasoning and explanations. 4. evaluate the testifying expert witness’s methodology; and 5. evaluate the statistical and probabilistic inferences between underlying data and opinions. The trial court must synthesize all the available information to evaluate how well the data, methodology, “default assumptions,” taken together support the proffered conclusions. Id. at 6, 46 – 47. This program sounds encouraging in theory. As EBM describes how this “framework for analysis,” should work, however, things go poorly, and the law and scientific method are misrepresented. “Default assumptions” becomes the pretense to let in opinions that would gag the proverbial horsefly off the manure cart. Not all is bad. EBM offers some important insights into how courts should handle scientific evidence. She defends the gatekeeping process because of the serious danger of “dilution effect” among jurors, which overwhelms jurors with evidence of varying quality. She reminds us that there are standards of care for research science and for clinical medicine, and standards for evaluating whether experimental results can be “honestly” attributed to the data. Id. at 53. Courts must evaluate whether the data and method really “show” the conclusion that the expert witness claims for them. Id. She criticizes those commentators who confuse the burden of proof with the statistical standard used in hypothesis testing for individual studies. Id. at 65. The narrative becomes confused and convoluted in addressing how trial courts should function as gatekeepers. EBM is critical of how trial courts have discharged their gatekeeping responsibilities. In many instances, EBM is unhappy with how judges carry out their evaluations, and criticizes them on the basis of her own ipse dixit. It turns out that intellectual due process, as conceived of by EBM, allows pretty much anything to be admissible in EBM’s ideal juridical world. Some of EBM’s assertions about the law and the science are startling, and deeply flawed. In this post, I discuss some of the flawed scholarship, which has the potential to confuse and mislead. 1. “Daubert, which requires only a scintilla of scientifically valid and relevant evidence to survive an admissibility determination.” Id. at 82. This assertion is wrong on its face. Justice Blackmun, in writing his opinion in Daubert, discussed “scintilla” of evidence, not in the context of making an admissibility determination of an expert witness’s opinion, but rather in the context of ruling on motions for directed verdicts or summary judgment: “Additionally, in the event the trial court concludes that the scintilla of evidence presented supporting a position is insufficient to allow a reasonable juror to conclude that the position more likely than not is true, the court remains free to direct a judgment, Fed.Rule Civ.Proc. 50(a), and likewise to grant summary judgment, Fed.Rule Civ.Proc. 56. Cf., e.g., Turpin v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 959 F.2d 1349 (6th Cir.) (holding that scientific evidence that provided foundation for expert testimony, viewed in the light most favorable to plaintiffs, was not sufficient to allow a jury to find it more probable than not that defendant caused plaintiff’s injury), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 826 (1992); Brock v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 874 F.2d 307 (5th Cir. 1989) (reversing judgment entered on jury verdict for plaintiffs because evidence regarding causation was insufficient), modified, 884 F.2d 166 (5th Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1046 (1990); Green 680-681 [Green, “Expert Witnesses and Sufficiency of Evidence in Toxic Substances Litigation: The Legacy of Agent Orange and Bendectin Litigation,” 86 Nw.U.L.Rev. 643 (1992)].” Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579, 594 (1993) (emphasis added). Justice Blackmun was emphasizing that Rule 702 is not the only tool on the trial judge’s workbench; he was not setting a standard for the quantum of evidence that must govern an admissibility determination of an expert witness’s opinion. Even if Justice Blackmun were discussing scintilla of evidence in the context of addressing admissibility (rather than sufficiency), his citation to the Bendectin decisions in the Court of Appeals makes clear that the “scintilla” of evidence offered by the party suffering entry of judgment might be fairly extensive in terms of expert witnesses’ opinions and their relied upon studies. Nonetheless, this “scintilla” could be, and was, insufficient to resist judgment in the face of evidence of higher quality and relevance. EBM’s scholarship here is thus flawed at two levels. First, she conflates admissibility with sufficiency (which elsewhere she faults various courts for doing, calling the conflation “pernicious”; see id. at 83). Second, she fails to realize or acknowledge that the scintilla must be weighed against the entire evidentiary display. Sometimes, as in the Bendectin litigation, the “scintilla” might include a fair amount of evidence, which is trumped by evidence superior in quality and quantity, and that this trumping is what leads to the finding that opining witnesses had offered unreliable opinions, unhelpful to the jury. 2. “[C]onsistency of the observed effect is a criterion most scientists would deem important, but it may be absent even where there is a strong causal link, such as the link between smoking and lung cancer, which, although strong, is not inevitably observed. Although it might be persuasive to find that there was a consistent specific association between exposure and a particular disease, such association is rarely observed.” Id. at 59. First, EBM offers no citation for the claim that the “link” between smoking and lung cancer is “not inevitably observed.” The association is virtually always found in modern epidemiologic studies, and it is almost always statistically significant in adequately powered studies. The repeated finding of an association, not likely due to chance, in many studies, conducted by different investigators, in different populations, at different times, with different study designs is the important point about consistency. EBM muddles her unsupported, unsupportable assertion by then noting that a “consistent specific association” is rarely observed, but here she has moved, confusingly, to a different consideration – namely the specificity of the association, not its consistency. Admittedly, specificity is a weak factor in assessing the causality vel non of an association, but EBM’s reference to a “consistent specific association” seems designed to confuse and conflate two different factors in the analysis. 3. “[A]nimal studies are superior to epidemiologic studies because of the lack of controls endemic to epidemiologic studies, the difficulty in designing and analyzing such studies, and their costliness.” Id. at 70. This is one of EBM’s more strident, stunning pronouncements. Her book makes clear that as an apologist for animal evidence, EBM deprecates and misunderstands epidemiologic evidence at almost every turn. It is perhaps possible to interpret EBM charitably by suggesting that the epidemiologic studies she is thinking of without controls are “descriptive studies,” such as case reports or case series. Such an interpretation is unwarranted, however, given EBM’s failure to qualify “epidemiologic studies.” She paints with a broad brush, in a deliberate attempt to upend the generally accepted hierarchy of evidence. Even a casual reading of the cases she cites, and the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, shows that the epidemiologic studies that are important to real intellectual due process are precisely the ones that have appropriate controls. Most of the world, even if not EBM, thinks of analytic epidemiologic studies when comparing and contrasting with animal studies. EBM offers no support for the asserted difficulty in designing and analyzing epidemiologic studies. Is she making a personal, subjective declaration of her own difficulties? The difficulties of judges and lawyers? Or the difficulties of expert witnesses themselves? To be sure, some lawyers have such difficulties, but they may have a good career choice to go to law rather than medical school. (Perhaps they would do better yet in real estate litigation rather than in torts.) Many physicians have “difficulty in designing and analyzing such studies,” but that is because these activities are outside the scope of their expertise, which until recently was rarely taught in medical schools. In my experience, these activities have not been beyond the abilities of appropriately qualified expert witnesses, whether engaged by plaintiffs or defendants in civil litigation. As for the “costliness” of epidemiologic studies, many studies can be conducted expeditiously and inexpensively. Case-control studies can often be done relatively quickly and easily because they work from identified cases back to past exposures. Cohort studies can often be assembled from administrative medical databases maintained for other purposes. In the United States, such databases are harder to find, but several exist as a result of Medicare, VA, National Center for Health Statistics, and other managed care programs. In Scandinavia, the entire countries of Sweden and Denmark are ongoing epidemiologic studies because of their national healthcare systems. Cohort and case-control studies have been quickly and inexpensively set up to study many important public health issues, ranging from MMR vaccines and thimerosal and autism, abortion and breast cancer, and welding and parkinsonism. See, e.g., Lone Frank, “Epidemiology: When an Entire Country Is a Cohort,” 287 Science 2398-2399 (2000). Plaintiffs’ counsel, often with more money at their disposal than the companies they sue, have organized and funded any number of epidemiologic studies. EBM’s attempted excuses and justifications of why animal studies are “superior” to epidemiology fail. Perhaps we should take a moment to have a small reality check: Would we accept an FDA decision that approved a drug that was safe and efficacious in rats, without insisting on a clinical trial in human beings? How many drugs show great therapeutic promise in animal models only to fail on safety or efficacy, or both, when tested in humans? I believe that the answers are: “no,” and “sadly, too many.” 4. “Clinical double-blind studies are rarely, if ever, available for litigation purposes.” Id. at 69. EBM again cites no support for this assertion, and she is plainly wrong. Clinical trials have been important sources of evidence relied upon by both plaintiffs’ and defendants’ expert witnesses in pharmaceutical litigation, which makes up a large, increasing portion of all products liability litigation. Even in cases involving occupational or environmental exposures, for which randomization would be impractical or unethical, double-blinded human clinical studies of toxicokinetics, or metabolic distribution and fate, are often important to both sides involved in litigating claims of personal injury. 5. “[B]ecause there are so few good epidemiologic studies available, animal studies are often the primary source of information regarding the impact of chemicals.” Id. at 73. The field of occupational and environmental epidemiology is perhaps a half a century old, with high quality studies addressing many if not most of the chemicals that are involved in important personal injury litigations. EBM’s claims about the prevalence of “good” studies, as well as the implicit claim about what proportion of lawsuits involve chemicals for which there exists no epidemiologic data, are themselves devoid of any empirical support. 6. “[S]cientifc conclusions are couched in tentative phrases. ‘Association’ is preferred to ‘causation.’ Thus, failing to understand that causation, like other hypotheses, can never be proven true, courts may reject as unreliable even evidence that easily meets scientific criteria for validity.” Id. at 55 (citing Hall, Havner, and Wright). EBM writes that scientists prefer “association” to “causation,” but the law insists upon causation. EBM fails to recognize that these are two separate, distinct concepts, and not a mere semantic preference for the intellectually timid. An opinion about association is not an opinion about causation. Scientists prefer to speak of association when the criteria for validly inferring the causal conclusion are not met; this preference thus has important epistemic implications for courts that must ensure that opinions are really reliable and relevant. EBM sets up a straw man – hypotheses can never be proven to be true – in order to advocate for the acceptance and the admissibility of hypotheses masquerading as conclusions. The fact is that, notwithstanding the mechanics of hypothesis testing, many hypotheses come to be accepted as scientific fact. Indeed, EBM’s talk here, and elsewhere, of opinions “proven” or “demonstrated” to be true is a sloppy incorporation of mathematical language that is best avoided in evaluating empirical scientific claims. Scientific findings are “shown” or “inferred,” not demonstrated. Not all opinions stall at the “association” stage; many justifiably move to opinions about causation. The hesitancy of scientists to assert that an association is causal usually means that they, like judges who are conscientious about their gatekeeping duties, recognize that there is an unacceptable error rate from indiscriminately treating all associations as causation. This entry was posted on Sunday, November 21st, 2010 at 12:10 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5797
__label__wiki	0.543194	0.543194	Yousry El-Kassaby; Tree breeding in the genomics era – opportunities and challenges Dr. Yousry A. El-Kassaby Title: Tree breeding in the genomics era – opportunities and challenges Yousry is a Professor and Associate Dean, Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Prior to his current post, Yousry worked in the industry as Director, Genetics and Product Development, CellFor Inc., and as Director, Applied Forest Research, Pacific Forest Products Ltd, both based in Victoria, British Columbia. He has received numerous research grants in the area of forest genetics and tree improvement and has authored and co-authored more than 300 refereed publications, book chapters and invited papers. His research interests are diverse and cover tree domestication, tree improvement delivery system, seed and seedling biology and production, gene conservation, biotechnology and genomics. Yousry is a member of the IUFRO Extended Board and Coordinator of Division 2 (Physiology and Genetics) and recipient of the IUFRO Scientific Achievement Award (2010). He is an Adjunct Professor at Fujian University and Nanjing University (China), Honorary Professor at Beijing University (China) and Professor Honoris causa at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (Czech Republic). He serves as Associate Editor to the Canadian Journal of Forest Research. Yousry is Ph.D. in population and quantitative genetics (1980: University of British Columbia, Canada), M.Sc. in quantitative genetics (1977: University of Tanta, Egypt) and B.Sc. in Genetics (1970: University of Alexandria, Egypt).	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5799
__label__cc	0.667599	0.332401	Academy 2020 Magazine now available at the Sonic Acts webshop News > Alvin Lucier Masterclass - 19 October 2014 Alvin Lucier Masterclass - 19 October 2014 Sonic Acts and Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam are proud to host a masterclass with the composer Alvin Lucier on Sunday the 19th of October 2014. The masterclass provides a unique opportunity to gain in-depth insight into Lucier’s working process and methods. The masterclass takes place in the wider context of the weekend-long Alvin Lucier Festival presented by the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, which includes an exhibition of a number of installations like Memory Space (1970) and Carbon Copies (1989) as well as a performance of I Am Sitting in a Room (1970). The performance will be followed by an interview with Lucier by John Snijders, founder and artistic director of the Ives Ensemble. Further the Ives Ensemble will perform a number of Lucier’s more recent compositions. Location: Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Founders Room Date: Sunday 19 October 2014 Time: 11.00 - 14.00 Fee: € 20,- / € 15,- for students, including lunch Join the masterclass: Send a short biography and motivation outlining why you would like to take part to masterclass[at]sonicacts[.]com. The application deadline is 10 October. Alvin Lucier (1931) is a pioneer in the field of music composition, performance and sound installation. Much of his work is influenced by the science of acoustics and ideas surrounding the physical properties of sound itself: the resonance of spaces, phase interference between closely tuned pitches, and the transmission of sound through physical media. His activities have included the notation of performers' physical gestures, the use of brain waves in live performance, the generation of visual imagery by sound in vibrating media, and the evocation of room acoustics for musical purposes. For more information about the Alvin Lucier Festival: www.stedelijk.nl Alvin Lucier Masterclass	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5802
__label__cc	0.633595	0.366405	More than $460 Million of Increased Medicaid Funding Approved by N.C. House to Benefit Low-Income Families Raleigh, N.C. – Legislation appropriating more than $460 million in state funding to North Carolina’s Medicaid program securing healthcare for over 2 million low-income citizens was approved by the State House of Representatives on Thursday. Senate Bill 808 Medicaid Funding Act makes the following critical health care investments across North Carolina: $463 million for the Medicaid Rebase to ensure health care is accessible to millions of North Carolinians. $50 million for behavioral health and crisis services in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. $20 million for early childhood initiatives to assist in mitigating the financial impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic. $100 million additional investment to expand COVID-19 testing, contact tracing, and analysis. $15 million to begin the relocation of the Department of Health and Human Services to another location in Wake County The total amount invested in health care for North Carolina in S.B. 808 is more than $700 million. The legislation also sets a July 2021 start date for North Carolina’s landmark Medicaid transformation and provides roughly $70 million to implement the initiative. The legislation is another step towards transforming North Carolina’s once-broken Medicaid program from a fee-for-service system to what Secretary Mandy Cohen called “an innovative, whole-person-centered and well-coordinated system of care that addresses both medical and non-medical drivers of health.” House Appropriations Committee Co-Chair Josh Dobson (R-McDowell) released a statement: “Unlike many states facing dire Medicaid deficits, North Carolina can afford to dramatically increase funding for our State’s Medicaid program and provide health care to over 2 million of our citizens,” Rep. Dobson said. North Carolina House Speaker Tim Moore (R-Cleveland) released a statement: “Having fixed North Carolina’s once-broken Medicaid program we are now able to invest hundreds of millions of additional dollars in health care when we need it most,” Speaker Moore said. Previous PostPrevious House Democrats Block Small Business Rescue Bill Next PostNext $500 Million of Additional Federal Coronavirus Relief Funding Appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5803
__label__wiki	0.921067	0.921067	Pixar Director Denies Enviro-Themes of Wall▪E Wall▪E, Pixar’s latest animated cash-cow-in-waiting, is two parts robot love story, one part cautionary Mother Earth tale. Well, unless you listen to director Andrew Stanton, who seems eager to position his movie in as neutered and apolitical a light as possible, lest GOP ticket-buyers think it’s part of some secret, liberal Hollywood agenda. For the full read, from New York Magazine’s Vulture, click here. The latest brawny, slick, slow-motion-fed shoot-’em-up to air-quote reinvent the action genre, Wanted is a hyper-stylized swirl of color, outlandish gunplay, acrobatic escape sequences and punishing sound design. It will titillate and enthuse a young, rabid (and overwhelmingly male) fan base for the summer, doing big box office business and leaving a deep international footprint. And then, like The Big Hit or Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever or Aeon Flux, it will disappear with a gentle plunk!, to be not much thought about outside of its fan-boy base until it pops up on cable television some drizzly evening 10 years hence. Directed by Timur Bekmambetov, the Russian filmmaker behind Night Watch and its 2006 follow-up, Day Watch, the highest-grossing native movie of all time in his homeland, Wanted is based on a series of comic books by Mark Millar and J.G. Jones. Filmed in Prague against a panoply of architectural styles, the movie centers around Wesley Gibson (James McAvoy), an accountant who leads a droning office existence (a la Office Space, and The Matrix), and is so non-confrontational that he can’t even bring himself to dump his girlfriend, a harridan who’s cheating on him with his equally insincere and duplicitous best friend. Wesley’s life gets turned upside down when hit-woman Fox (Angelina Jolie) crashes into him on the business end of a smoking gun, and informs Wes that his presumed long-dead father was actually an elite-level killer just recently cut down by the vengeful Cross (Thomas Kretschmann). Escaping a rubout from the latter, Fox whisks Wes away and introduces him to the not-very-originally-named Fraternity, a secret, thousand-year-old sect of assassins derived from… weavers? Yes, honestly. Leader Sloan (Morgan Freeman) then explains that they “keep the order and balance” by bumping off individuals whose names are spit out from a loom, encoded in binary form by whether certain strands lay above or below other stitching. (Seriously, one can’t make this stuff up.) Drawn into the Fraternity, Wes learns to slow down and focus the 400-heartbeats-per-minute panic attacks that besiege him, all as he trains to seek revenge against Cross. As shot by Transformers cinematographer Mitchell Amundsen, Wanted is an anthology of eye-popping steeplechases and nutso special effects, with characters leaping across city streets and flipping cars to fire guns down through the top of open sunroofs. It’s extreme and willfully over-the-top, in other words. It’s also very well put together, powered by special effects from Bekmambetov’s own visual effects house in Moscow. Several of the action scenes (Fox scooping up Wes in a red Viper, saving him from Cross; a train-set sequence which concludes in crashing fashion on a bridge between two steep cliffs) get the blood pumping. There are also cool visual conceits — like a waxy rejuvenation chamber which heals bruises, cuts and apparently bullet and knife wounds as well — and an exacting sense of each of the main characters’ presentations. “Toil” and “Tears” read the tattoos on the insides of Fox’s arms, accompanied by a string of ones and zeroes on her left wrist, presumably the code for some long-past target of special importance. The problem is a matter of rootedness. Wanted aims to position itself as an outrageous slice of aspirant pop-cinema, about the transformation of a “nobody” into an unparalleled enforcer of justice; indeed, part of the direct-address marketing campaign touts the fact that “six weeks ago I was just like you.” The inspirations for the source material, and its cinematic translation, are fairly obvious, from Star Wars to The Matrix and Fight Club. A bigger part of the problem, though, is that the movie never convincingly sells us on its tone, and setting. Keanu Reeves’ transformation into Neo in The Matrix worked because of the differentiation established between two worlds. Here, everything is angled, and “extreme,” right down to Wes’ obese, grotesque boss (Lorna Scott), who could be something out of a Tim Burton film, or maybe even a Dr. Seuss book. Centuries of presumed Fraternity customs, traditions, codes and the like are boiled down to vague directives (“Like an apostle, your task is not to interpret, but deliver”) and even vaguer overall motivations, and Bekmambetov can’t stop himself from pitching things at an ironic angle. Bits like the rejuvenation chamber, meanwhile, notwithstanding their visual appeal, render large chunks of the action wholly irrelevant. The movie also ends on a needlessly nasty and condescending note, with a direct-address dismissal of its core viewership. Wanted isn’t lastingly odious or offensive — in its own warped way, it’s perfectly serviceable for what it is — but it is emblematic of what I like to think of as Cinema of the Now, which is to say films that answer to no greater sense or discipline than what works in the moment. Entertainment like that can wash over one pleasantly at times, but it isn’t ever a cleansing rain. Nor a particularly memorable one. (Universal, R, 108 minutes) Jenna Fischer Talks Jobs Both Crappy and Good I chatted with Jenna Fischer a while back, in advance of the sadly aborted release of The Promotion, and she confirmed that The Office was a dream gig for her in more ways than the obvious. “I was a secretary for five years in various offices and I loved it,” says Fischer. “I always thought if I didn’t have a career in acting, I’d want to be the secretary to the President of the United States. Like, what is the biggest job you can shoot for as an assistant? I think I can do it, I can anticipate his or her needs!” Here she laughs a bit, then continues. “I really did like it, though. I like filing, I like organizing things — not in my personal life, but I love going to work and working on an Excel spreadsheet. My Christmas list is on an Excel spreadsheet — any reason to make an Excel spreadsheet! But really, I like offices, and I like office work, so to get an acting job set in an office was like my dream come true — they combine my two loves. Even now, if you take to a Staples, I’ll get lost in there. The sheer variety of Post-It notes is amazing to me.” Not everything in Fischer’s occupational past is peaches and cream, though. “I didn’t like catering very much — catering is so weird. I was always offended when people would look right through me, like I was a moving prop of food, but then I didn’t want anyone talking to me either,” says Fischer. “I was like, ‘Please don’t ask me any questions, don’t ask me what’s in it, I’m just going to make it up.’ I was always very grouchy as a caterer. If I was at a wedding and everyone [is getting] chicken, just don’t ask for the sauce on the side, just don’t. Because I don’t want to have to walk back to the kitchen and get sauce in a little cup and remember where you’re sitting, because you look like every other person at every other wedding that I’ve done for the past two years. So I was very grouchy, but as a result, when I’m at an event that is catered, I do not ask for my sauce on the side. I am polite but not too chatty with the staff, because I’ve been there.” After suffering heavy losses of aircraft during attacks on German factories, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill ordered — or at least allowed — cities to be targeted, in order to smash German morale and reduce the number of workers available for the Nazi war machine. Roughly 500,000 German civilians were killed as almost one-and-a-half million incendiary bombs turned the center of cities like Hamburg and Dresden into tornadoes of fire. Sixty years later, a new debate is underway over the reasons for this lethal bombing campaign. Were these relentless aerial attacks — many of which came in 1945, in the war’s waning days — a necessary tactic? Or was it an act of revenge by the British and Americans? Michael Kloft’s 2003 documentary Firestorm examines this issue, in fascinating if somewhat distracted fashion. Kloft has a vast array of historical footage at his disposal (maybe too much), and it’s this material that forms the backbone of Firestorm. There are also plenty of interviews with former bomber pilots and survivors of the destruction too — from British bombardier John Chatterton, now an 83-year-old farmer, to American pilot Robert Morgan, whose B-17 “Memphis Belle” provided Hollywood filmmaker William Wyler with the first color footage of an American bombing run of Germany. The recollections these subjects provide, and the film’s exacting sense of detail with respect to the chronological escalation of this so-called moral bombing (euphemistically referred to by the British as a “de-housing of the industrial suburbs”), give the movie a genuine sense of engagement. Yet Firestorm isn’t really a sustained moral inquisition. In German historian Joerg Friedrich and British counterpart Richard Overy, Kloft has two compelling advocates for at-odds points-of-view. But he doesn’t contrast these opinions and disagreements over matters factual and moral as directly as he should, and too often fritters away the heavy ethical lifting with digressive asides, like ducking into (some admittedly hilarious) footage from a National Socialist Party firefighting training video. The film would also benefit from a slightly more academic explanation of the British and American research that actually informed saturation incendiary bombing — how British Air Chief Marshal Arthur “Bomber” Harris plotted for the roofs of buildings to be first blown off, and then peppered with small stick bombs that would shoot flames after the initial explosions, burning for only 10 to 15 minutes but, in sum, overwhelming German firefighting capabilities. This wasn’t accidental collateral damage, in other words — this was truly a scorched-Earth policy. Knowing the specifics of the research that informed this policy would be interesting. A lot of Firestorm is preamble, though perhaps necessarily. It’s only in its introduction and its final 25 minutes or so — detailing the bombings of Hamburg and Mainz, and then the fire-bombings of Berlin, Dresden and another port city in Eastern Germany, full of refugees — that the movie truly examines some of the more controversial bombings of World War II. If a debate about moral equivalence is mostly avoided, though, that doesn’t mean the film doesn’t put those questions in your mind. Housed in a regular Amray case, Firestorm is presented in 1.33:1 full screen, and comes with eight minutes of (silent) amateur film footage of a bombed-out Germany in ruins. There’s also a scrollable text biography of Kloft, who from 1989 to 1995 worked as a freelance director of historical TV documentaries for Chronos-Film in Berlin and for Spiegel TV, and has since personally produced a variety of historical films in addition to serving as the head of Spiegel TV History. Extra interview material would have been nice, but for history buffs this title is still a solid, meat-and-potatoes kind of meal. To purchase the film on DVD, click here. B (Movie) B- (Disc)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5804
__label__wiki	0.619557	0.619557	Russia agrees to pay $3 billion compensation to Ukraine's Naftogaz Saturday, December 21, 2019 11:00:56 AM Ukrainian President’s Aide Andriy Yermak said that after the gas transit talks in Minsk, the Russian side agreed to pay Ukraine $3 billion of compensation according to the ruling of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce, reports Hromadske. "We are returning home with excellent news, and we will have a transit contract on favorable terms for Ukraine. Thanks to these arrangements, Ukraine will receive $3 billion according to the ruling of the Stockholm arbitration court," … Russia and Ukraine reach agreement on gas transit Friday, December 20, 2019 9:00:18 AM After hours of talks between representatives of Russia and Ukraine in Berlin on December 19, Vice President of the European Commission Maroš Šefčovič said that after months of negotiations Russia and Ukraine reached an agreement in principle on gas transit. Germany and the European Union mediated the negotiations. According to Šefčovič, the agreements that were reached at the meeting will be additionally discussed in Moscow and Kyiv on December 20. He called the outcome of the talks in Berlin … Kyiv: all of Europe is interested in stopping Nord Stream 2 Saturday, December 14, 2019 12:00:20 PM Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration Dmytro Kuleba said that the US sanctions against the Nord Stream 2 pipeline should be applied as soon as possible, reports Ukrinform news agency. According to him, not only Ukraine but also all of Europe is interested in stopping the construction of the pipeline. According to Kuleba, Nord Stream 2 pipeline is a political, not an economic project. He explained that the pipeline will create a security imbalance in Europe … Ukrainian Prime Minister warns of possible ‘gas war’ with Russia Wednesday, December 11, 2019 11:00:38 AM During the Normandy Format summit, Ukraine achieved the task before it and was able to broach the topic of gas transit over and above the discussion of the situation in the Donbas, said Ukrainian Prime Minister Oleksiy Honcharuk, who warned that future negotiations could prove difficult. “We did not agree on a contract, but that was not supposed to happen in Paris. Ukraine will continue to negotiate on gas, it could be difficult, it could be with a gas war,” Honcharuk wrote on Facebook. The … Kyiv rejects Kremlin’s gas proposal Yuriy Vitrenko, business development director of Naftogaz of Ukraine, wrote a comment on Facebook about Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev’s suggestion that Russia and Ukraine withdraw all gas-related disputes and claims. Medvedev had said previously that Russia and Ukraine will have to reach an agreement that both parties like. “Whether they want it or not, it’s clear that in this situation we’ll have to come some sort of zero option,” said the prime minister, noting that Kyiv could buy … Kyiv is ready to accept payment of Gazprom's debt with gas Saturday, December 7, 2019 11:00:17 AM Executive Director of Ukraine’s Naftogaz Group Yuriy Vitrenko wrote on his Facebook page that negotiations between the heads of Ukraine's Naftogaz, Russian gas giant Gazprom and the new Ukrainian pipeline operator, “ Ukraine’s GTS (gas transmission system) operator”. According to him, they talked about the future gas transit. He said that the European Commission asked the parties to discuss the settlement of the past claims and current rulings of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce. Gazprom … Kyiv: Ukraine has collected $2.1 billion from Russia’s Gazprom Naftogaz CEO Andriy Kobolyev told LigaBusiness in an interview that, in reality, the company has managed to collect $2.1 billion from Gazprom in the form of gas that Ukraine did not completely pay for, in other words 45% of the compensation awarded to Kyiv by the Arbitration Institute in February 2018. Kobolyev noted that the amount went “almost entirely to the Ukrainian budget”. According to him, taking into account the accrued interest, Kyiv is still planning to collect another $3 billion … Putin calls Ukraine’s gas transit terms unacceptable Thursday, December 5, 2019 2:00:33 PM Ukraine has proposed economically unacceptable terms for gas transit, said Russian President Vladimir Putin at a press conference on Wednesday after meeting with Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic in Moscow, the Kremlin’s press service reports. “We are prepared to keep Ukrainian transit, we are currently conducting negotiations about it in Vienna. While’s it’s true that the terms offered to us by the Ukrainian transiters are possible, they’re still economically unacceptable. But I hope that it’ … Europe prepares for gas war between Russia and Ukraine Tuesday, December 3, 2019 1:00:00 PM Countries in the EU have been buying increased quantities of gas for commercial and strategic reservoirs, filling all the available underground gas storage almost to the brim, in light of growing risks that the current gas war between Russia and Ukraine will escalate this winter. In just over 3 weeks time, the current contract for the transit of Russian gas through Ukraine will expire. To this day, despite Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the war in the Donbas, nearly half of the gas supplied … Kyiv speaks of difficulties collecting Gazprom’s debt in three countries Monday, December 2, 2019 3:00:00 PM Yuriy Vitrenko, an Executive Officer of Naftogaz Group Ukraine, said that Naftogaz of Ukraine faced different willingness of courts in several European countries to consider cases of compulsory recovery of $3 billion from the Russian gas company Gazprom by the decision of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce, reports Radio NV. "We are not able to launch compulsory recovery in Germany," said Vitrenko, as quoted by Interfax-Ukraine. He added that Ukraine has similar problems in Poland and Moldova. …	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5809
__label__wiki	0.757748	0.757748	The New Concise History of the Crusades The Strange Case of Ermine de Reims Conquerors, Brides, and Concubines Medieval Robots The People of the Parish Empire of Ancient Rome The Search for the Man in the Iron Mask The Travels of Reverend Olafur Egilsson The Seven, a Family Holocaust Story The Courtesan and the Gigolo History, European History, Medieval History, British Wolves of War Narrated by Todd Curless Book published by Rowman & Littlefield This concise and balanced history traces the 300-year saga of the pirates and warlords who poured out of Scandinavia between the eighth and eleventh centuries, terrorizing, conquering, and ultimately settling vast tracts of land throughout Europe. Undaunted by the might of the Arab caliphates and the Byzantine Empire, they founded Russia, originated the bloodline that came to rule France, and created a North Sea empire that included England. They also established settlements across the North Atlantic, notably in Iceland and Greenland, and their adventurous spirit and extraordinary seafaring skills led them to explore and briefly build colonies in North America. These were the Vikings, initially ferocious pagan warriors seeking land and booty under the banners of their gods, but eventually belligerent Christian kings commanding vast armies. Martin Arnold provides a lively and accessible account of the early medieval period that became known as the Viking Age. Drawing on rich literary and archaeological source material, the first half of the book focuses especially on Viking culture, religious beliefs, and battle tactics and weaponry. The second half ranges over the four main theaters of Viking activity—the British Isles, Western Europe, the Slavic regions, and the North Atlantic settlements. Arnold vividly illustrates the two faces of the Vikings: on the one hand, savage, greedy, and implacable; on the other, adventurous, innovative, and artistic. Martin Arnold is senior lecturer in early medieval literature at the University of Hull. “The Vikings: Wolves of War will provide readers with an accessible and learned account of the Viking Age, distilling current scholarship on the subject into an enjoyable and stimulating narrative.” —Phil Cardew, London South Bank University “A remarkable and up-to-date survey of the Viking Age, covering both Viking history and culture.... The book is authoritative yet written in an accessible and highly readable narrative style. Within the pages of this gripping account, Arnold presents an overview of the Vikings, detailing not only their savagery and bloody rituals, but also their artistic and innovative sides.... The Vikings not only serves as an excellent primer on the Viking Age, but it is also a ripping good read! Arnold's narrative style is lively and engrossing, and you can easily forget that you are reading a history book and not a novel.” —History In Review “The testimonials on the back cover of this book accurately assert that The Vikings: Wolves of War is an accessible and enjoyable narrative description of the Viking Age.....Brief chapters and wide narrative strokes ensure that this work is fast-paced and exciting, and Arnold's engaging tone will certainly capture and sustain readers who are unfamiliar with the subject.....This book is a welcome addition to the 'Critical Issues in History' series....Supplemented by other notable Viking histories...this book would provide first-year university students or general readers with a stimulating introduction to the Viking Age.” —Journal Of The Australian Early Medival Association “This slim volume provides a useful overview....The book is written in a lively style that will appeal to students.” —Journal Of English and Germanic Philology “The most accessible and up-to-date account currently available of the Viking phenomenon, The Vikings links literary, historical, and archaeological sources to provide a balanced view of the 'fury of the Northmen,' neither glamorizing nor apologetic. Martin Arnold's book is the ideal introduction for students and general readers.” —Thomas Shippey, Saint Louis University	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5811
__label__wiki	0.544434	0.544434	Philadelphia Stores 142 N. 7th Street. Original Froelich Bros. branch c. 1920, five years after purchase by Virginia-Carolina Supply Company. As the company expanded, it consolidated all branches under Tomlinson Co., Inc. in 1922. The Philadelphia branch was eventually moved to N. 10th Street. Froelich was an old and well-established supply company which had operated at this location since the 19th century. What was 142 N. 7th Street. 3650 N 10th Street. Second Phildelphia Tomlinson Company Branch. This branch was likely built by Tomlinson about 1925. It's unknown precisely when this branch closed. But it may coincide with the relocation of key executives out of Philly about 1940. It was certainly closed by 1950. One of only three branches to close before the sale of the company in 1980 3650 N 10th Street. Loading dock. © 1903-2018, Tim Smith	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5815
__label__wiki	0.71849	0.71849	The Innsmouth Case Review: Creepy and Entertaining 1 Post By Rhialto Thread: The Innsmouth Case Review: Creepy and Entertaining Rhialto FireShot Capture 7964 - The Innsmouth Case_ - https___screenrant.com_the-innsmouth-case-game-rev.jpg Horror fans tend to hold the works of H.P. Lovecraft in high regard, and perhaps that's why they will love The Innsmouth Case, a mobile game by developer Robot Pumpkin Games and Assemble Entertainment. In The Innsmouth Case, players take control of a detective who gets a visit from a mysterious woman looking for her daughter. At first, the town seems charming, but as the detective begins investigating, Innsmouth's dark secrets begin to emerge. Not only does Innsmouth have a high incidence of missing persons, but there are also signs that its citizens are fascinated with pagan deities. In The Innsmouth Case, players must seek out the missing girl and make decisions to remain alive amongst townspeople who want to use the detective as a sacrifice to the Old Gods. This text adventure offers up multiple choices with each scene: choose wisely, or the detective might end up as food for fish creatures from hell. The story is intriguing, with each setting and character adding to the macabre Lovecraftian tone. Unlike other games based on Lovecraft’s work, though, The Innsmouth Case doesn't take itself too seriously. There is humor sprinkled throughout that results in quirky characters, funny dialogue, and a few bizarre scenes that aren't easily described without experiencing them. This humor doesn't detract from the tone, though, and adds more to the story's disturbing nature while naturally creating a desire to experience it more. That's good, too, because one particular appeal of The Innsmouth Case is its replayability. There are 20 endings, thanks to the branching narrative, which allows players to explore all areas of Innsmouth, meet all its characters, and make decisions that affect the story's outcome. Atmospheric music offers the appropriate mood to each scene, from a tinny carnival tune introducing some of the town's colorful characters to more menacing orchestral pieces that foreshadow the evil lurking around every corner. The game's cartoonish art style manages to cross an edgy and dark line, beautifully casting bizarre shapes and shadows over the dismal town of Innsmouth. Fortunately, players will want to visit this miserable little town often. There are 20 different endings based on the player's choices. Certain decisions will end the game earlier than expected, while others will end in death. This offers players a chance to meet all the town's kooky inhabitants as they make their way toward the grand finale. Don't expect a lot of happy endings, though. The Innsmouth Case is a story based on the Cthulhu mythos, and getting out of a situation alive with some sanity intact is more often the point of these stories. The Innsmouth Case, though, is not without its faults. Players will need to turn their display devices' screens to stay on because the game does not do so inherently, at least on the Android version. Although this is probably a battery-saving feature, turning the screen back on mid-game often prompts the game to go to the next page, meaning that the player might miss part of the story. Getting each ending also involves a lot of backtracking through dialogue and scenes, with much of it starting to feel repetitive after several playthroughs. It's safe to say The Innsmouth Case moves beyond its source material, however, to create a modern and humorous take on Lovecraft's most famous works, which outweighs the negatives and makes it an enjoyable journey for those inclined to question their own sanity in gaming. The Innsmouth Case is available now on PC, iOS and Android. daredevil likes this. Quick Navigation Gamer Talk Top accounts, android, download, free, fun, gamers, games, gaming, gods, have, invites, ios, mobile, music, play, ratio-free, ratio-less, ratioless, ratioless trackers, review, safe, torrents, trackers, want	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5817
__label__wiki	0.845057	0.845057	From Vol. II. Issue No. 1 in Urbanandsport / NurPhoto via Getty Images Demonstration in the Parliament of Catalonia in Barcelona, following the recent referendum. Citizens flooded the street in protest following Spain’s refusal to acknowledge the results. In a referendum held on October 1, 92% of voters elected to secede from Spain. Voter turnout, however, was low with only 43% of Catalans showing up to the polls. The Spanish government states that this referendum is illegal, but the Catalan government is using the referendum to make the case for independence. Map of Spain and Catalonia. On the day of the referendum, the Catalan police force was ordered by the central government to shut down the polling stations, but it refused to do so. Seeing to it that the voting be stopped, the national police force was deployed. In clashes involving rubber bullets and batons, 431 policemen and 893 civilians were injured. The following Tuesday, Catalonia’s president, Charles Puigdemont, signed a declaration of independence, but he simultaneously called for a pause in the process of separating to allow for negotiations with the Spanish government. Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy has given Catalonia five days to explicitly state whether or not they have declared independence. If they do declare independence, Prime Minister Rajoy will trigger Constitutional Article 155, which allows for the government to take total control of a disobedient autonomous region. Prime Minister Rajoy has also stated that Spain is not entering any negotiations unless Catalonia gives up plans for secession. Conflict between Catalonia and Spain stretches back to the 1800s, when Catalonia fought two wars against Spain. Then, from 1939-1975, Catalonia experienced its most painful years under the dictator Francisco Franco. The Catalan language was banned, free speech was outlawed, and Catalonia’s parliament was permanently dissolved. Wounds from Franco’s reign still run deep among Catalans. In 1977, the Statute of Autonomy established the Generalitat, a system that gave Catalonia its own parliament, president, and executive council. It has given Catalonia sole control over matters of culture and commerce, while granting shared rule with the Spanish government over education, health, and justice. Since 1977, Catalonia has been able to autonomously determine laws, but the Spanish government still holds the final say. Recently, in 2006, the Statute of Autonomy was reformed, going so far as to call Catalonia a nation. However, this new statue was shut down by the Spanish government in 2010. In 2015, Separatist parties won the Catalan elections and pushes for independence have escalated ever since. It is not just the region’s history that causes such conflict. Economically, Catalonia makes up just 16% of Spain’s population, but is responsible for 29% of Spain’s GDP, 25% of exports and 20% of foreign investment. Catalonia is Spain’s most prosperous region and has long accused Madrid of plundering their riches. The region pays nearly €10 billion more in federal taxes than it receives in government spending. However, this economic situation isn’t one-sided. The Catalan government is €77 billion in debt, equivalent to 35% of its GDP, and €52 of the €77 billion is owed to the Spanish government. Catalan independence would bring an entire set of its own problems. Even if Catalonia were to secede, they would have to apply to enter the E.U. Entry would require the approval of all E.U. members, including Spain. In addition, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker has stated he does not support Catalan independence, because other regions (both in Spain and throughout Europe) may follow suit. This is crucial, given that two-thirds of Catalonia’s exports go to the E.U. An independent Catalonia would also need to develop many institutions, such as a healthcare and education system, and a central bank. Either way, Catalonia is already facing consequences for their desire of independence. Big corporations are moving out of Catalonia, out of fear of not being able to stay in the E.U. Following the lead of Sabadell, CaixaBank and Gas Natura, major spanish employers, have voted to move headquarters. Catalonia’s status as Spain’s economic powerhouse may be in jeopardy. Both the Spanish and Catalan governments are unwavering in their positions and unwilling to back down. Any concession from either side just means Catalonia is either that much closer to or that much further from independence. Due to this mentality from both sides, this stalemate will most likely not stop any time soon. Conflict may even escalate to the point where Spain actually uses Article 155 of the constitution. This would no doubt provoke heated retaliation from Catalonia and could even establish the beginnings of a second civil war. In the last few days, it appears more likely that Spain will need to placate Catalonia, and give them additional autonomy. Where that level lies on the spectrum of independence is still quite unclear. Negotiations will definitely be tricky and this may just be Western Europe’s first major geopolitical struggle of the 21st century. RELATED: Spain E.U. Catalonia Alibaba’s Ambitious Agenda One Foot In, One Foot Out: Denmark's Economic Situation By Jack Zinterhofer Horror in Myanmar By Junah Jang The Dangers of the UN’s Anti-Israel Actions — Related — Brexit: Dream or Disaster? By Gwen Robinson How Germany Stays Afloat in a Sinking E.U.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5820
__label__wiki	0.958691	0.958691	MTV's "Jersey Shore" Season Four in Italy Delivers "Bellisimo" Ratings Plus: "Jersey Shore: The Reunion" will encore this Thursday, October 27 at 9:00/8:00c with five additional minutes of new footage. MTV'S "JERSEY SHORE" SEASON FOUR IN ITALY DELIVERS "BELLISIMO" RATINGS, AND IS THE #1 SERIES WITH P12-34 DURING ITS RUN A Special Encore Presentation of "Jersey Shore: The Reunion," Which Will Include Five Additional Minutes of All-New, Never-Before-Seen Footage, Will Air Thursday, October 27 at 9:00 p.m. ET/PT on MTV New York, NY (October 21, 2011) - MTV's #1 series of all time bid Italy "ciao" last night, as the fourth season of "Jersey Shore" came to a close. Averaging a 6.96 P12-34 rating and 5.4 million P12-34 viewers, "Jersey Shore" was the #1 series across all television this past season, with last night's finale, titled "Ciao Italia," averaging a 6.4 P12-34 rating. In addition, the series holds 18 of the top 20 cable telecasts of 2011 with P12-34. The season four debut on August 4, 2011, was MTV's most-watched season premiere ever, delivering 8.8 million total viewers, and the season averaged 7.3 million total viewers each week. For the first nine weeks of season four, "Jersey Shore," with all DVR playback included, averaged a 9.0 P12-34 rating. "Jersey Shore: The Reunion" followed at 11:00 p.m., and posted a whopping 4.8 P12-34 rating. A special encore presentation of the reunion, including five additional minutes of never-before-seen footage, will air Thursday, October 27 at 9:00 p.m. ET/PT, followed by the premiere of the all-new MTV animation block, with Mike Judge's "Beavis & Butt-head" at 10:00 p.m. and "Good Vibes" at 10:30 p.m. ET/PT. A new season of "Jersey Shore," with the cast back in Seaside Heights, NJ, will premiere in January 2012 on MTV. Source: Nielsen. Jersey Shore season 4: 8/4/11-10/20/11. P12-34 unless noted. Live+SD coverage ratings unless noted. Rank on Live+SD 000s. MTV is the world's premier youth entertainment brand. With a global reach of more than a half-billion households, MTV is the cultural home of the millennial generation, music fans and artists, and a pioneer in creating innovative programming for young people. MTV reflects and creates pop culture with its Emmy(R), Grammy(R) and Peabody(R) award-winning content built around compelling storytelling, music discovery and activism across TV, online and mobile. MTV's sibling networks MTV2 and mtvU each deliver unparalleled customized content for young males, music fans and college students, and its online hub MTV.com is a leading destination for music, news and pop culture. MTV, a unit of Viacom Inc. (NYSE: VIA, VIA.B), one of the world's leading creators of programming and content across all media platforms.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5821
__label__cc	0.744807	0.255193	by The Safari World Team \| May 1, 2019 \| Animal, Blog \| 0 comments There is still some mystery and mystic left in the wild. It is a bit of a treat to learn about lesser-known species of animals. There are animals, which are not commonly known, like many others. But yet, they are under threat and man’s activities are influencing their existence. We can easily relate to the plight of the polar bears in the Arctic. We can easily relate to the overfishing activities that threaten the whale pollution in areas of Asia. That is because their situation is widely advertised. But, what about those animals in other parts of the world like Africa? Yes, the elephant, rhinos and other lesser-known animals of the African bush, like the gerenuk. Today, we will take some time to explore and learn about this gorgeous antelope and giraffe-like creature. Will also learn how tall is a gerenuk. Learn More about the Gerenuk Physical Description of the Animal The Habitat of the Animal Diet of the Animal The Animals Behavior The Reproductive Cycle of the Gerenuk Hiding Her Young and Masking its Scent Conservation Status of the Gerenuk Explore the African Continent for a Look at the Gerenuk You can consider these animals as a cousin of the gazelle. They are a part of the antelope family and scientifically referred to as Litocranius walleri. When you look at them, you might think that there are not many differences between it and the gazelle. However, its long neck is one of the more exceptional and distinguishing features. But, its skull is a bit more solid than the gazelle as well. The people of Somali call it ‘Gerenuk’ meaning ‘Giraffe Necked’. But in other areas, it is also called ‘Wallers Gazelle’. Apart from its elongated neck. The eyes and ears on this animal are quite large and noticeable. Their heads look disproportionate to their body because it is of a smaller size. The female gerenuks look a little daintier than the males. They have a muscular neck, also, only they have horns. These horns are a great deal ringed and heavy. Typically, the animal is approximately 150 centimeters long, with the male being bigger. In terms of height, the female ranges about 80 to 100 centimeters. But the male averages 89 to 105 centimeters. Females weigh a lot less, about 68 pounds. But the males can weigh upwards of 100 pounds. Their underparts have a lighter color than their largely brown coat. And their tails are just a black tuft of hair, which is quite short. You might be interested to note, that they also have pre-orbital glands like the gazelles. It is located at the front of their eyes. The tar substance, which is excreted, is rubbed on bushes and trees. This is how they mark their territory with scent. Also, they can excrete more scent substance from their knees and between their split hooves. At the knee position, there are more glands. But they are typically hidden by hair. This animal lives in areas of Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia. Because it is a prey, it does not prefer areas with the vast open land where it can be spotted by many predators. However, it lives in areas of these countries, which has thickets, especially dry, flat thorn bush, open scrublands and woody vegetation Via Giphy Being a herbivore in Africa can be tedious at times. They have to move about because of the effects of drought or dry season on the land. But the gerenuk is a flexible eater. Those long necks give them an advantage. They are able to climb up and nibble from the higher branches of trees and other plants. While standing on their hind legs, they can get as far up as seven to nine feet. When necessary they use their front legs to pull down branches as well. Other kinds of antelopes are generally eating their meal at the ground level. The animal’s flexibility allows them to survive better in the drier regions of the scrublands and deserts. Another interesting fact is that most of its water intake comes from the plants that it consumes. Their diet generally has a bit of bud, fruits, flowers, shoots or leaves from trees and bushes. This animal prefers living in a pack. Survival is better this way. You will either see them in a pack with just solitary males or ones with females and their little ones. The female groups tend to roam upwards of two miles. As you can imagine the males will not mind females passing through their territory. But the males stick to a smaller region. These antelopes have no specific breeding season. Their eating habits allow them some flexibility. The female is not ready to mate until she is about one year old. However, the males take a bit longer. They typically begin mating at about one and a half years old. When it is time to mate, the male approaches a female and performs several mating antics. He will come up to the female and tap her on her flanks with his legs. This he will do a number of times. The male is also known to put his scent on the female by rubbing on her with his preorbital glands. This you will recall is at his eyes. After mating, it takes about seven months for a female to give birth to one calf. Their birthing experience usually takes place in a solitary sport, which is located away from the herd. Young calves weigh approximately six and a half pounds. Nothing is left to waste in this birthing process either. She will eat up the afterbirth and clean up her young calf with her tongue. Then, she will go away to scavenge for food and return several times a day to let her young suckle on some life-sustaining milk. He or she will not be moved for several months. This allows them to gain weight and get stronger. Again, several times during the day, she tries to mask the location of her young by cleaning him or her with her tongue. Then, she makes sure to eat up its poop, so that no scent goes out to predatory animals that may be lurking about the area. The mother will communicate with soft bleats to her young, being careful not to draw any attention. Traditionally, they live upwards of thirteen years in captivity. But in the wild, they average about eight years. They are hunted not only by humans but also by jackals, lions, leopards, cheetahs and wild dogs. As mentioned earlier, these animals are being impacted by human activity. They do have problems with finding mates as well. Their numbers are dwindling at a fast pace. For this reason, they have a ‘Conservation Dependent’ status, which has been assigned by the IUCN. One area that has been designated for them is the Kitengela Land Conservation in Kenya. But even here, they are under threat. “Launched in 2008, the Kitengela Conservation Project aims to prevent further degradation of the region and to find solutions that allow the Maasai communities and wildlife to peacefully coexist. The program has so far supported the development of a land-use master plan that lays out community-driven guidelines on the sustainable land use and natural resource management in the area.” If you wish to support the plight of the gerenuk, visit the African Wildlife website and you can donate or support their cause in other ways. In this, you can help them with preserving conservations like that of the Kitengela Conservation Project and the animals that live there. It might be interesting to learn that all that time you have been watching your African safari shows, what you think was a gazelle, was actually a gerenuk. They do have similar features. And, they can be easily mistaken for their cousins, the gazelle. These slender creatures deserve our attention. Because man’s activities are intruding on their territories. This causes them to become more exposed and displaced. Presently there are fewer than 100,000 of them out in the wild support this cause and help to protect the gerenuk of the South Eastern African countries.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5824
__label__cc	0.644608	0.355392	The Challenge of Consensus – Michael Wirtz May 8, 2015Written by EditorTSA (Originally posted on Our Work, Their Education.) By Michael Wirtz I find myself in a lot meetings, many of which I organize and lead. In the best moments, meetings are worth everyone’s time because they create the opportunity to test out the ideas of the group related to a worthy agenda issue, and they can move a project forward by allowing a group reach a consensus position. At their worst, they waste people’s time and create frustration. Admittedly, I’ve unfortunately led both types of meetings. The most challenging moment in a meeting (or series of meetings), however, is reaching a consensus decision. Recently, I was working as a part of a large group tasked with making a decision that impacted the school community. Thoughtful people around the table brought solutions to the group, probed at options under discussion, and reasoned with one another. And yet, there was no agreement on how we should proceed. The meeting had the sense that we could go at this issue for weeks and not reach consensus on how to proceed. Sensing this moment in the meeting and the need to adjourn for other commitments, I laid out the varying viewpoints expressed in the meeting and then I did something I rarely do. I said that I would take the conversation under advisement and work with another colleague to develop a solution that we would report back to the group. So does my action represent a failure in terms of building consensus, or did I save the group lots of time? Some might say it was a failure of leadership, and that I needed to get everyone to a place of compromise. However, in my estimation, I saved the group time and energy. Here are some things to consider when leading a group through a discussion like the one I note above: 1.) What does your school culture tell you about consensus? This type of decision making process would not work in every school and it does not work in every situation within my school. Given that I do not work in a Friends School, it is not part of the normal operating procedure to reach consensus for each decision. In my school, there are topics of such importance that it requires substantial processing, discussing, and refining in order to reach consensus. 2.) What does it “cost” you as the leader to make the decision after considering the group’s input? While I had wanted to get there as a group, I also know that we had other pressing issues ahead of us. Given that I understood the various viewpoints within the group and the how the decision would play out, I felt comfortable to make a decision that would best serve the needs of the school. In doing so, I knew that not everyone would agree with me, and I knew why they would not agree with me. However, I left that meeting making sure that my colleagues knew I understood the complexity of the situation and that they were heard in the moment. 3.) Why not specify the group from the outset that the conversation in the room was simply to advise the decision maker? While I realize that there varying levels of decision making power within an organization, if a group of any type is sincerely being engaged in a decision, then the ideal case is to arrive at a solution that emanates from the group itself. For a school leader to come to a group over and over but not actually allow for real decision making opportunities devalues the contributions of colleagues and the perspectives they bring. I feel the best option is to arrive at consensus within the room. Take stock of these questions the next time you’re faced with a decision point, and as a leader, do not be afraid to make this call once in a while. It doesn’t work in every situation, but it might be the best way to clear the decks and move a group forward to tackle bigger issues. Michael Wirtz is the Assistant Head/Dean of Faculty at St. Mark’s (MA). He shares his insights on his website, Our Work, Their Education. Follow Mark on Twitter at @michaelcwirtz Communication, Concensus, Culture, Leadership, Learning, Michael Wirtz, Professional Development, Relationships, School Administration, Transparency Steps to Make Successful Change Happen – Matt Parker Why Do I Lead? – Matt Wachel	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5825
__label__wiki	0.720321	0.720321	You are currently browsing the The Crew of the S.S. May Day blog archives for July, 2014. “Your pictures are not unlike you” See Sir Ian McKellen on the London set of the new Mr. Holmes movie here and here. “Watson won’t allow that I know anything of art”* The Art of Jonathan Barry Exhibition 17 July – 31 August. 9am- 7pm daily. Andrews Gallery @ Titanic Belfast. Admission Free! Irish Artist Jonathan Barry will present his 18th solo exhibition of paintings in the Andrews Gallery at Titanic Belfast this summer. The artist and illustrator, who specialises in painting famous scenes from literature, will be showcasing the largest exhibition of his career, including his collection of Titanic oil paintings depicting the dramatic and heroic events of the fateful night of the sinking of Titanic in 1912. Also on display will be the paintings from some of the 70 books that Jonathan has illustrated including his iconic Sherlock Holmes images, popular Narnia painting and scenes from Gothic classics such as Dracula and The War of the Worlds. Roger Johnson, Editor of the Sherlock Holmes Journal, says that Jonathan Barry has done good cover illustrations of the Holmes books – and some others – for Wordsworth, and it should be interesting to see the original artwork. Facebook Vote for Sherlock in TV Choice Awards The nominees for the 2014 TV Choice Awards have been revealed. The BBC’s Sherlock is one of four shows given the nod in Best Drama Series. Benedict Cumberbatch is also up for Best Actor. TV Choice is the UK’s best selling magazine. The TV Choice Awards 2014, hosted by David Mitchell, will take place on 8 September. You can vote here until midnight Friday 18 July. Free Sherlock Case: It’s not all over yet The Conan Doyle Estate is planning to ask the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn the Seventh Circuit’s recent ruling that the character of Sherlock Holmes was mostly in the copyright public domain. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time reopened at the Gielgud Theatre on 24 June, after closing in December at the Apollo Theatre. Houn 749 So, it’s the Sign of Four At 2.21pm today, the fourth series of Sherlock was confirmed by the BBC. The announcement also stated that this new three-part series will be preceded by a stand alone Christmas Special. Filming is due to start in January 2015. “Well,” said I, “you said you’d give me one for Christmas” The BBC’s Sherlock is coming back to our screens earlier than expected, for a one-off Christmas Special, according to Martin Freeman. Unfortunately or fortunately, depending on whether you are a fan or not, it won’t be until Christmas 2015. *Blue 256	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5826
__label__wiki	0.776851	0.776851	UCLA Core Faculty Center-Sponsored Projects UCLA Graduate Student Funding Undergraduate Funding Arts on the Grounds Chamber Music at the Clark Home » About Us » Kenneth Karmiole Lecture Series Kenneth Karmiole Lecture Series on the History of the Book Trade The inaugural presentation of the Kenneth Karmiole Lecture Series on the History of the Book Trade was delivered by Robert Darnton in fall of 2005. Established by Kenneth Karmiole, a Santa Monica antiquarian bookseller who provided a generous endowment, this annual lecture focuses on the book trade in England and Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Clark’s growing collection of materials relating to the collecting, publishing, and dissemination of books in the early modern period make this series particularly appropriate. “Entered for his copy”: Reading the Stationers’ Register —Ian Gadd (Bath Spa University) “Thriving by Symbiosis: Manuscript Culture and the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade” — Betty A. Schellenberg (Simon Fraser University) “The Book and Slave Trades in Concert: The Colonial Library and the Atlantic Economy” —Sean D. Moore, University of New Hampshire “How to Do Things with Books” —Stephen Orgel, Stanford University “Hope over Experience? Cataloging the Publications of Edmund Curll” —Pat Rogers, University of South Florida “Publishing Easy Pleasant Books for Children: The House of Newbery, 1740–1800” —Andrea Immel, Curator, Cotsen Children’s Library, Princeton University “Eighteenth-Century Publishers and Women Writers: Antagonism and Alliances” —Isobel Grundy, Professor Emeritus at the University of Alberta “Resisting Censorship: Petrarch and the Venetian Book Trade, 1549–1600” —Peter Stallybrass, University of Pennsylvania “English Books around the World: India and the Globalization of the English Book Trade” —Graham Shaw, former Head of the British Library’s Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections “Bankruptcy and the Eighteenth-Century Book Trade” —Christine Ferdinand, Magdalen College, University of Oxford “Learned Book Illustrations, Their Patrons, and the Vagaries of the Trade in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century England” —Michael F. Suarez, S.J., University of Virginia “Making Novels in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Puffers, Debauchers, and Trade” —James Raven, University of Essex “William Strahan, Thomas Cadell, and the Big Business of Scottish Enlightenment Publishing” —Richard B. Sher, New Jersey Institute of Technology “Book Trade, Literary Property, and Censorship in the Eighteenth-Century: Diderot and his Corsairs” —Roger Chartier, Collège de France and École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales “The Art and Politics of Slander, Paris and London, 1770–1800” —Robert Darnton, Princeton University The Center for 17th- & 18th-Century Studies is part of the Humanities Division within UCLA College. 302 Royce Hall \| Los Angeles, CA 90095-1404 \| P: 310-206-8552 \| F: 310-206-8577 \| E: c1718cs@humnet.ucla.edu Office Hours: Monday–Friday, 8:00 a.m.–4:30 p.m. University of California © 2021 UC Regents	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5830
__label__wiki	0.890354	0.890354	Daily headlines and latest news. NationalWorldPolitics Published on May 24, 2020 / WHR At Least 33 Black Pastors Have Died from Coronavirus in the U.S., Leaving Congregations and Communities Reeling from Losses Bishop William Harrell Jr. with his son Jonathan Harrell. Bishop Harrell died from the coronavirus on April 17, 2020. Harrell Family The novel coronavirus has taken a massive toll on Americans from all walks of life. Communities of faith have paid a heavy price, both in terms of congregations not being able to worship together and religious leaders along with so many of their church members being afflicted with and dying from the disease. The crisis has been felt among a number of religious backgrounds, but particularly acute among leading African American members of the clergy and churches with predominantly black congregations, according to faith leaders. ABC News identified at least 33 African American bishops, reverends and pastors who led various denominations around the country who have died from the coronavirus, according to an analysis of news reports. There were seven in Michigan (including two from the same church), seven in Louisiana, six in New York, three in Illinois, two in Mississippi, two in Georgia, two in New Jersey, one in Virginia, one in Tennessee, one in Alabama and one in Missouri. The Church of God in Christ (COGIC), which has been around for almost 100 years and is the largest black Pentecostal denomination in the United States, lost seven bishops to the coronavirus, according to Charles E. Blake, the presiding bishop of the COGIC, which is based in Los Angeles, California. “It’s sorrowful to lose one of our leaders,” Blake, 79, told ABC News. “One bishop lost to this disease is one bishop too many… the sorrow you can never get used to, the loss you can never get accustomed to that, but not being able to mourn and to even celebrate the lives of those who I’ve known and loved that is difficult also.” New York hit hard In New York, the epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak in the U.S., at least six African American clergy members, aged 52 to 94, have been reported as having died from the virus as of May 11, leaving congregations from Riverhead in Long Island to Yonkers, just north of New York City, without a leader. More than 22,000 people have died from the virus in the state. Bishop William Harrell Jr. was the head of St. James Community Full Gospel Church in Harlem. He was diagnosed with the coronavirus and died on April 17 at the age of 63. “He was healthy as an ox, never had health complications. This happened out of nowhere. It was a shock to the ministry and the family,” his son, Jonathan Harrell told ABC News on Tuesday. The bishop’s son said that his father’s death left him “speechless.” “He was the backbone, the patriarch and now he is gone,” said Jonathan Harrell, 21, adding: “He was our burden-bearer in the natural, the earthly vessel that was sent to handle things we were too weak to handle.” Bishop Harrell was buried in his hometown of Tyner, North Carolina on May 16 and his son delivered the eulogy. “I was blessed to know this man,” said Jonathan Harrell, who vowed to keep their family’s church going along with his mother JoAnne Harrell — the present leader. Pastor A.R. Bernard, the founder and leader of the Christian Cultural Center (CCC) in Brooklyn, New York, was steadfast when he was diagnosed with the coronavirus in March. “I came to a place, in the intensity of all of the symptoms that I was experiencing physically, psychologically and emotionally, where I could abandon myself to something called Providence. And that is a belief that God is in control,” Bernard told ABC News last week. Bernard fully recovered from the coronavirus in March then learned that his niece died from the same disease he beat. “I ended up burying my own niece,” said Bernard. “I lost my sister’s daughter, 26 years old, vibrant young lady, but she had a history of heart problems and… when we did the funeral we could only have a very small number of people spread out in the larger sanctuary.” Pastor A.R. Bernard gives the invocation at the Let Freedom Ring ceremony at the Lincoln Memorial Wednesday, Aug. 28, 2013, in Washington, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The lead pastor of Mount Neboh Baptist Church in Harlem, Rev. Johnnie Green, said 13 members of his predominantly African American church died because of the coronavirus. Green took a deep breath before talking about the loss of “pillar members of the church” like lifelong choir members, a deaconess as well as ministry and committee leaders. “I buried one today,” Green told ABC News Tuesday. “It was a very sad graveside service, only attended by her mother, father, brother, a family friend and myself. She passed away on April 4 and just got buried.” According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) statistics as of May 19, African Americans accounted for 27% of confirmed COVID-19 cases (compared to being about 13% of the population). In New York City, blacks account for 28% of the deaths despite being 22% of the population. Outside the city, blacks account for 18% of the deaths and are 9% of the population, according to state statistics. SOURCE: ABC News, Christina Carrega and Lakeia Brown Posted in Black, ChristianTagged afflicted, African American clergy members, African-American bishops, African-American church, african-americans, alabama, all walks of life, americans, backbone, Bishop William Harrell Jr., black congregations, black Pentecostal denomination, blacks, blessed, brooklyn, burden-bearer, california, celebrate, centers for disease control and prevention, Charles E. Blake, choir members, Christian Cultural Center, church members, church of God in Christ, churches, clergy, COGIC, communities of faith, congregations, coronavirus, coronavirus outbreak, covid-19, death, dying, emotionally, faith leaders, fully recovered, funeral, georgia, God is in control, gone, harlem, health complications, heart problems, illinois, Intensity, JoAnne Harrell, Jonathan Harrell, Long Island, Los Angeles, loss, Louisiana, michigan, mississippi, missouri, Mount Neboh Baptist Church, mourn, new jersey, new york, New York City, north carolina, novel coronavirus, Pastor A.R. Bernard, pastors, patriarch, physically, pillar members, Providence, psychologically, religious backgrounds, Religious leaders, Rev. Johnnie Green, Reverends, Riverhead, shock, sorrow, sorrowful, speechless, St. James Community Full Gospel Church, steadfast, Symptoms, tennessee, Tyner, U. S., vibrant, virginia, worship together, Yonkers Jonathan Steingard, Lead Singer of Christian Band Hawk Nelson, Says ‘I No Longer Believe in God’ Sudan’s Transitional Government and Rebel Group Agree to Form Independent National Commission for Religious Freedom Standing Between the Living and the Dead Memorial Prayer Devotional Service for Coronavirus Victims and Their Families #251 with Daniel Whyte III Buffalo Bills Beat Baltimore Ravens 17-3, Advance to First AFC Championship Game Since 1993 Baylor Women’s Basketball Coach Kim Mulkey Says NCAA Values ‘Almighty Dollar’ More than Players Health Buffalo Bills Fans Donate to Lamar Jackson’s Favorite Charity After Injury Two Female Supreme Court Judges Assassinated in Kabul, Afghanistan Donald Trump Becomes the First President to be Impeached Twice Lecrae Urges Christians to Put God’s Kingdom Before Politics Scientists surprised to discover two dwarf giraffes in Namibia and Uganda Bible podcast shoots to top of rankings Dr. Dre hospitalized after suffering brain aneurysm, says he’s ‘doing great’ Gospel Light Society Ministry Links How to be Saved from Hell, Straight from the Bible, by Daniel Whyte III What to Do After You Enter Through the Door, by Daniel Whyte III Gospel Light Society International The Gospel Light Minute X The Gospel Light Minute All Gospel Light Society Podcasts Christian, World, and U.S. News Black Christian News Network (BCNN1) Latino Christian News Second Coming Herald GLM Omnimedia Group LLC Fresh Eyes Proofreading & Editing Vision Publicity Services V-Girls Shop by the Virtuous Girls Torch Ministries International Gospel Light Society University MLK Senior Institute for Young Men & Young Women The National Association to Save Young Black Men The Youth Department, by Daniella Whyte, Daniel D.P. Whyte IV, Danita Whyte, and Daniel Whyte III Daniel Whyte III on Amazon Gospel Light Society and GLM Omnimedia Group LLC have Christian news sites which contain the preaching of the Gospel and Christia1n discipleship teaching in every country of the world and in every major city.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5835
__label__cc	0.642032	0.357968	AWC WEST Unique Type of Writing June 28th, 2010 \| Specifications by Andrew Wilson Specifications are unlike other forms of writing familiar to design professionals and tradesmen. The writing we’re all exposed to on a daily basis (such as in books, newspapers, websites, etc.) is almost entirely expository, the goal of which is to inform or persuade. Specifications are entirely different: the goal is to describe the design intent and list provisions of the construction contract, with precision, and in language that will be interpreted by each separate reader in exactly the same way. This is no small order. The very qualities that make the English language such an elegant tool for authors and poets – the rich supply of synonyms and the complexities of syntax and grammar – present design professionals with a challenge to create specifications with precision and clarity. As part of the contract documents, specifications serve to regulate future conduct as much as they document design intent. Each party to the construction contract has a legal right to enforce the obligations and restrictions indicated in the contract documents. Any shortcoming in language that isn’t spotted before contract signing has the potential to cause a problem down the road when brought to light under performance of the contract. Further, after signing the construction contract, no single party has the authority to unilaterally fix mistakes that do come to light. Expository writing that seeks to explain or persuade rather than regulate doesn’t carry with it these sorts of risks. Every specification provision is subject to intense and prolonged scrutiny by multiple parties, including the owner’s representatives, regulatory agencies, contractors, subcontractors, material suppliers, manufacturer’s representatives, specialty consultants, expert witnesses, attorneys, mediators, judges, and others. Much more time can ultimately be spent negotiating a single disputed provision than was spent writing all of the original project specifications in the first place; this in turn can give rise to additional related issues being disputed and requiring even more time and further resolution. If nothing else, disputes, disagreements, and negotiations reveal one simple truth: provisions agreed to in principal can still include areas of disagreement within their wording. Since the contract documents consist of what is actually written down and are not an abstract notion of what one party thinks they should be, precise language is imperative. Uncertainty is the specifier’s enemy. Any specification provision that (1) is capable of conveying two or more inconsistent meanings; (2) is too general because a lack of detail makes it unclear what it applies to; (3) employs a word or phrase that conveys a different meaning in another provision; (4) includes a word or phrase that conveys a meaning expressed elsewhere in the same provision; (5) contradicts another provision; or (6) provides for the possibility of borderline cases, can all become a basis of dispute, and eventually litigation. A working knowledge of these sources of uncertainty and a proficiency in eliminating them are essential skills anyone preparing specifications must possess. With a typical project specification containing over 500 pages and more than 150,000 words in the architectural sections alone, and given the very nature of language and the importance of getting things right the first time, isn’t it clear that the rigorous and comprehensive approach to specifications provided by a specialist is invaluable to those firms who would like to spend their time seeing projects realized rather than exposing themselves to the risks involved in defending poorly prepared contract documents? 24990 Greensbrier Drive Stevenson Ranch, CA 91381 email: info@awcwest.com 2064 East Miraval Quinto © 2011 AWC WEST \| HOME \| SERVICES \| ABOUT \| CONTACT \| BLOG DESIGNED & DEVELOPED BY THE BLOG STUDIO	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5840
__label__wiki	0.698362	0.698362	North American Animals Tropical Fish Marine Fish Pet Birds Dogs Cats Reptiles Amphibians Small Pets Insects & Spiders Wildlife This section is about the animals living north of the Panama Canal, on the North American continent and its surrounding islands and seas. The geopolitical borders of North America do not always coincide with the geographical ones, but most sources attest to this continent being limited to the southwest by the Darién watershed along the Colombia-Panama border, or by the man-made Panama Canal. Central America and most of the Caribbean is usually considered a part of North America, but share a lot of its wildlife with similarly warm and humid parts of the South American continent. Until a few million years ago, North America was separated from South America by water which made it possible for South American animals to evolve in relative isolation. This came to an end when the Isthmus of Panama was formed by volcanic activity, connecting the two continents with each others and prompting a gradual migration of land and freshwater animals between the two landmasses. This migration is known as the Great American Interchange and peaked dramatically roughly three million years ago. Since the animals of North America had not evolved in the same type of isolation as the South American fauna (North America was recurrently connected to Eurasia via the Bering land bridge), they were tougher and caused a mass extinction of endemic South America species. Some South American species did however not only survive the competition in South America but successfully colonized the North American continent as well. When we look at the North American fauna today we can see clear evidence of South American animals migrating to this part of the world millions of years ago. The distribution of North American animals depends chiefly on climate and vegetation, but human activities have also had a great impact on where you can find certain North American animals today. Just like the northern parts of Europe and Asia, the northernmost parts of North America are characterized by Arctic tundra and northern coniferous forest. Canada and Alaska are home to arctic animals like the polar bear, ringed seal, arctic fox, snow bunting, northern fulmar, and black-legged kittiwake. Walruses and grey seals inhabit the Arctic and North Atlantic while sea lions and northern elephant seals live off the Pacific coast. Another example of an animal capable of handling the harsh winters of northern North America is the nomadic caribou that assemble in immense herds on the northern tundra. In the northern coniferous forest you can find species like grey wolf, moose, and beaver. If you travel further south along the Atlantic coast your will reach the northern wetlands and the eastern deciduous broadleaf woodlands. The eastern woodlands have been heavily developed by humans and many species have been depleted, but you can still find animals like deer, squirrel and skunk. The northern wetlands are less affected and still reach across the continent from the Pacific to the Atlantic, serving as important breeding grounds for migratory waterfowl. The vast prairie grasslands take up a sizeable portion of North America, even though large areas have been turned into agricultural landscapes. The grasslands are the traditional home of the bison, which once formed immense roaming herds in this type of environment. Other examples of typical North American prairie species are pocket gopher, prairie dog, jackrabbit, and coyote. Along the western prairie lays a chain of mountains running all the way from Alaska to Mexico. In this rocky setting you will find North American animals adapted to mountain life, such as Rocky Mountain goats, mountain lions, grizzly and black bears, whitetailed and mule deer, lynxes, and porcupines. Deserts are found in both the United States and Mexico and are home to their own distinctive selection of drought resistant North American animals, including roughly 40 mammal species and over 100 different birds. Many species, including kangaroo rat and ground squirrel, spend the hottest hours of the day underground in burrows to get away from the heat and the scorching sun. The North American deserts are also home to iconic reptiles like rattlesnake and gila monster. Parts of Southern United States and Mexico offer subtropical or tropical conditions with rich biodiversity and a booming animal life year round. The swamp known as Florida Everglades is for instance inhabited by a unique variety of heat loving reptiles, including crocodiles, alligators and the Everglades rat snake. Unfortunately, the North American tropics are currently experiencing many problems with invasive species since tropical species from all over the world thrive this type of habitat. With 502 described species, Mexico is one of the richest countries in the world regarding number of different mammals. North American mammals present in this country include the anteating Northern Tamandua, the Margay cat, Guadalupe fur seal, and Yucatan Howler Monkey. Central America is the tapering isthmus of southern North America that runs from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in southern Mexico southeastward to the Isthmus of Panama. Most of Central America is a part of the Mesoamerican biodiversity hotspot, the third largest among the world’s hotspots. Endemic Central American species include howler monkeys and quetzals, and the region is also a corridor for many Neotropical migrant bird species. AC Wildlife Animals by Region: Search AC AC Tropical Fish Humming bird Whales & dolphins © 2004-9 Aquaticcommunity.com North AmericanAnimals	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5844
__label__cc	0.676056	0.323944	Home > Wish list for the New Year Wish list for the New Year P3_SixReligious.png [3] HONG KONG (SE): Hopes for a chief executive that will protect the core values of Hong Kong society were expressed by Bishop Joseph Ha Chi-shing at a New Year gathering of the Colloquium of Six Religious Leaders on February 16. At their annual New Year gathering, representatives of the Colloquium expressed their good wishes for Hong Kong society at a gathering attended by around 200 people from various religious traditions at the Church of Christ in China Kei Wa Primary School, Kowloon. As the gathering was celebrating the Year of the Rooster, Bishop Ha said he notices that chooks have many virtues. He named the motherly love they lavish on their chicks and said that on top of his wish list is the hope that the new chief executive will show the same kind of love for the people, while at the same time maintaining stability in society. He also had good words to say about roosters, describing them as faithful servants, as they crow exactly at the crack at down, setting an example to the different religions in the city to be imbued with hope and shine with light in times of darkness. Ibrahim Sat Che-sang, the chairperson of the Chinese Muslim Cultural and Fraternal Association, said he hopes that Hong Kong will get a popular chief executive, so that society can enjoy better harmony and be blessed with greater unity. Tong Yun-kai, the president of the Confucian Academy, said he can see the rapid development taking place in China, but at the same time he is concerned about the deep resentment Hong Kong people hold as a result of a variety of things, like the supply of housing and unbalanced economic development. He stressed that there must be more communication between the people and the government so as to achieve a consensus. Reverend Eric So Shing-yit, the chairperson of the Hong Kong Christian Council, encouraged people to have more concern for their families. He explained that many people tend to set work as their first priority and forget the importance of family. He believes the New Year is a good chance for people to have family gatherings and establish a good rapport. Venerable Wang Ming read a message from the president of the colloquium, Venerable Chi Wai, saying that among the various conflictual issues in society today, the first priority should be to improve the livelihood of the people in rational and pragmatic ways. Leung Tak-wah, the chairperson of the Hong Kong Taoist Association, invited different religions to encourage young people to serve society. Previous: Until we meet again Father Areechira [5] Next: It is Lent and... that’s the news [6] Bishop Joseph Ha Chi-shing [7] Colloquium of Six Religious Leaders [8] [3] http://sundayex.catholic.org.hk/sites/sundayex.catholic.org.hk/files/P3_SixReligious.png [8] http://sundayex.catholic.org.hk/taxonomy/term/2124	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5848
__label__wiki	0.94754	0.94754	Chris Horner Now Shopping At Safeway by editors on December 2, 2014 Chris Horner, 2013 Vuleta a Espana champion who didn’t get to defend his title while with team Lampre-Meridal, thanks to some technical issues as a result of his nearly being killed by a hit-and-run driver last spring, has signed with the United States registered Airgas-Safeway Cycling Team. “I am very excited to be joining Airgas-Safeway for 2015,” said Horner. “I have achieved a huge amount of success in my career and I’m incredibly proud of that. For me, the next chapter isn’t just about what I can do as an individual, but what I can give back to cycling as a sport. I had a number of options for this year and what really struck me about Airgas-Safeway was their utter commitment to giving the next generation of young riders the opportunity for success.” Hopefully, this means we’ll see him around more often. For the official word from Airgas-Safeway, please follow the jump. Champion cyclist, Chris Horner, winner of the 2013 Vuleta a Espana, will join the U.S. registered Airgas-Safeway Cycling Team for the 2015 season. Previously, Horner has finished in the top 10 overall in the 2010 Tour de France, captained the 2012 U.S. Olympic team in Beijing and won the Tour of California in 2011. The 43-year-old Horner brings a vast amount of experience, leadership, and skill to the Airgas-Safeway team. Horner turned professional in 1995 and has won nearly every major U.S. race during his career, including the overall National Racing Calendar series in 2002, 2003 and 2004. “Chris Horner has done it all. This is not only a huge development for our program, but also for cycling fans in the United States,” said Airgas-Safeway team principle Chris Johnson. “To be able to give a group of young riders the chance to race with a champion like Horner is a dream come true on so many levels.” Horner was equally enthused about his participation in the program and to be back racing in the U.S. “Racing with excited young athletes fits well with my love of the sport, and it will be a great partnership to build for the future. I look forward to sharing my racing and tactical experience to help the team race for the win at Tour of California, Tour of Utah, and many other races throughout the season.” Airgas, one of the nation’s leading suppliers of industrial, medical and specialty gases, and hardgoods, has sponsored the team since its inception and is excited about the continued growth of the program. “It has been thrilling to see how its riders have developed and excelled throughout the last two years,” said Airgas President and Chief Executive Officer Michael Molinini. “We are excited to partner with co-sponsor Safeway to continue to support these young athletes and look forward to next season with champion cyclist Chris Horner.” Grocery retailer Safeway, the team’s co-sponsor, shared their enthusiasm and underlined the value that Horner brings to the team. “We are very proud that the Airgas-Safeway team is focused on developing young riders. The addition of a rider of Chris Horner’s caliber will provide the team with not only leadership but also the mentorship that is critical to success in both business and cycling,” said Safeway president of marketing Mike Minasi. “2015 is shaping up to be a fun year with great racing and more time at home with my family, including the new baby we have on the way in January,” Horner concluded. “I can’t wait to race with a group of excited young pros — their enthusiasm will make the season fun and exciting.” The Airgas-Safeway Cycling Team consists of 16 riders from the United States, Canada and Mexico and will start the season in January with a training camp in California. About Airgas – Safeway Cycling Airgas – Safeway is a U.S. registered UCI continental cycling team. Managed by D3Devo, the team consists of 16 riders from the United States, Canada and Mexico. http://d3devo.com About Airgas Inc. Airgas, Inc. (NYSE: ARG), through its subsidiaries, is one of the nation’s leading suppliers of industrial, medical and specialty gases, and hardgoods, such as welding equipment and related products. Airgas is a leading U.S. producer of atmospheric gases with 16 air separation plants, a leading producer of carbon dioxide, dry ice, and nitrous oxide, one of the largest U.S. suppliers of safety products, and a leading U.S. supplier of refrigerants, ammonia products, and process chemicals. More than 16,000 associates work in approximately 1,100 locations, including branches, retail stores, gas fill plants, specialty gas labs, production facilities and distribution centers. Airgas also markets its products and services through e-Business, catalog and telesales channels. Its national scale and strong local presence offer a competitive edge to its diversified customer base. For more information, please visitwww.airgas.com. About Safeway Inc. Safeway Inc. is a Fortune 100 company and one of the largest food and drug retailers in North America based on sales. Safeway operates 1,331 stores in the United States and had annual sales of $35.1 billion in 2013. Previous post: Felt F65X, F85X Cyclocross Bikes Recalled Next post: People For Bikes Reaches 1 Million Mark	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5850
__label__wiki	0.834654	0.834654	Educating About Asia Through Film Issue: #57 Letter From The Editors Film Review: Golden Gate Girls Film Review: Mrs. Judo Film Review: Spilled Water Website: Digital Asia Support AEMS News and Reviews Archive About AEMS This issue of News and Reviews introduces three films that focus on women whose lives have taken unusual paths, as seen through the lens of their own or the director's trans-national perspectives. Golden Gate Girls (reviewed by Ke Li) and Mrs. Judo (reviewed by Allison Alexy) both trace the lives of remarkable women whose unorthodox career tracks move them between Asia and San Francisco. Golden Gate Girls traces the life of Esther Eng, who was born in the US to Chinese immigrant parents, and carved a place for herself in the worlds of filmmaking both in the US and Hong Kong. Mrs. Judo follows the career of Keiko Fukuda, one of the earliest female practitioners of judo, as she navigates her way toward a career as a teacher and trainer of the martial art first in Japan and then in the US. In Spilled Water (reviewed by Xiaoqi Yu and Vilma Seeberg) director May May - who has been working in the US - returns to China to follow the stories of four "distant sisters" as they navigate the many changes in contemporary society. All three offer intimate and complex portrayals of women's lives and of the societies that both affect them and are affected by them as they find places for themselves. This issue, we are joined by Duane Johansen, Outreach Coordinator for the University of Illinois' Center for East Asian and Pacific Studies, who brings his experience as an educator to recommendations for classroom use for each of the films. Co-editors, Elizabeth Oyler and Yimin Wang Golden Gate Girls Directed by S. Louisa Wei. Produced by Law Kar. 2013. Taiwan. 90 minutes. Review by Ke Li. On February 9, 2009, filmmaker S. Louisa Wei received a box of six hundred photos which had been discovered in a dumpster near San Francisco airport by a shop owner. Inside the box were photos belonging to Esther Eng (Ch. 伍锦霞), southern China's first woman director. This unexpected discovery led Wei to embark on a journey to unearth Esther Eng's career and life. Wei's efforts ultimately crystallized in the documentary entitled Golden Gate Girls. Born in San Francisco on September 24, 1914, Esther Eng grew up in a Chinese immigrant family. As a child, she was fascinated by Chinese opera and later became a big fan of cinema. Working at the box office of the Mandarin Theater, Esther watched over a thousand movies. There is little doubt that the early exposure to opera and cinema sowed the seeds for her subsequent artistic pursuit. Following Japan's escalating encroachment of China, Esther's father and friends gathered funds to make a patriotic film named Heartaches. At the age of twenty-one, Esther was asked to co-produce the film, her first foray into filmmaking. Heartaches depicts a story between Fang, an up-and-coming opera performer, and Lee, a devoted aviator living in the States. The two meet and soon fall in love. However, Zhong, Fang's stage manager, shows no support for the couple's budding relationship. He keeps warning Fang to stop seeing the young man, only to realize that his attempt is to no avail. Zhong proceeds with relentless efforts to destroy Fang's career. Convinced that Zhong's ploy would distract Lee from his commitment to China's wartime defense, Fang pretends to fall for another man. Apart from that, she finds ways to secretly relieve Lee's financial distress. Mrs. Judo: Be Strong, Be Gentle, Be Beautiful Directed by Yuriko Gamo Romer. 2012. U.S./Japan. 58 minutes. Reviewed by Allison Alexy. As the title suggests, the film Mrs. Judo is as much about marriage as it is about judo. The film centers on Keiko Fukuda, a Japanese woman in her 90s, who holds a plethora of accomplishments in the sport. She is the world's highest-ranking female in judo, and the last living disciple of Jigōrō Kanō, the founder of the sport. Despite her age, she still practices and teaches, and we see her carefully leaving a wheelchair to do crunches with other students. As she says repeatedly, judo is her life, the activity she cares the most about, and she has sacrificed much to make it possible. The film demonstrates the depth of her commitment but also suggests the effects of it, including her sadness over the normative lifecourse that became unavailable to her. Ultimately, despite her impressive accomplishments and the filmmaker's delicate storytelling, the film left me sad because it so powerfully represents her sadness over foreclosed options. Spilled Water Directed by May May Tchao. 2014. U.S.A. 54 minutes. Reviewed by Xiaoqi Yu and Vilma Seeberg. Wanting to see for herself the reality of her "distant sisters," documentary director May May returns to China decades after emigrating to the US and tells the stories of four very different Chinese women in Spilled Water: the high-powered lawyer, Li Hua who works in an international firm in Beijing; the factory electrician, Liu Ying, working in a traditionally male job; the rural woman, Pu Ruixia, who against all odds becomes a teacher; and Ou Huaqing, a Dong ethnic minority performing artist. The stories of these four women not only inspire reflection on the lives, changing roles, and social status of women in the context of China's economic transformation, but also illustrate China's intensifying socio-economic disparities across the nation. We learn that socio-economic and cultural circumstances have propelled these women to take on non-traditional roles: Li Hua and Liu Ying are divorced and caring for their daughters; Ou Huaqing is married with a son living in her husband's family home. For all three, their identity as a mother is primary in their own minds and those around her. These women, like most across the world, bear the double burden of child rearing and serving the family while working or pursuing a career. Though their opportunities have increased, their lives are circumscribed by many gendered restrictions, such as access to education and better-paid traditionally male jobs in the modern economy. AsiaLENS Film Series AsiaLENS is a series of free public film screenings and lecture / discussion programs -- organized by AEMS in collaboration with the Spurlock Museum and Illinois Program for Research in the Humanities -- presenting recent documentary and independent films on issues reflecting contemporary life in Asia. Local and visiting experts introduce the films and lead audiences in post-screening discussions. All AsiaLENS screenings are FREE and open to the public. Join us at Spurlock Museum, Knight Auditorium, 600 S. Gregory Street, Urbana, IL Upcoming Screenings: Agrarian Utopia A film by Uruphong Raksasad. 2009. 121 minutes. In Thai with English subtitles. Tuesday, October 13, 2015 - 7:00pm Post-screening discussion by Prof. Matthew S. Winters, University of Illinois Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science. Bitter Seeds Directed by Micha X. Peled.. 2013. 88 minutes. Tuesday, November 10, 2015 - 7:00 pm Post-screening discussion by TBA Digitial Asia, a website bringing documentary films on contemporary East Asia to the classroom, has been launched by the Asian Educational Media Service (AEMS). In providing free access to excerpts of scholar made films on Asia, along with downloadable curriculum materials, Digital Asia offers high school and college educators an easy way to incorporate today's issues in Asia as part of their lesson plans. Digital Asia can be found at: www.digitalasia.illinois.edu Digital Asia is funded by the Freeman Foundation of Stowe, VT., New York City and Honolulu and by the IL/IN East Asia National Resource Center funded by U.S. Department of Education Title VI. AEMS invites our supporters to make targeted donations to enhance our holdings and public programs. A donation of $30 can be used to purchase a film for the AEMS library. $300 will sponsor an AsiaLENS screening on campus or in the Champaign-Urbana community. $500 will help underwrite a film and curriculum materials in Digital Asia. Donations for specific materials or events will be acknowledged both in News and Reviews and at sponsored events. Thank you for your ongoing support of AEMS. Follow this link to make an online donation. You will be directed to the CEAPS Giving page. After clicking "Continue With Your Donation" you will find a Special Instructions section where you can highlight "yes" under the question "Do you have other instructions for processing your gift?" A text box will open where you can direct your gift to the following: AEMS - Asian Educational Media Service Fund -or- Digital Asia Fund Previous issues of News and Reviews: Electronic newsletters - September 2010 - Summer 2015 Archived print newsletters - Spring 1998 - Fall 2009 Media Production Group In addition to hosting film screenings, AEMS also produces and distributes its own materials under the brand name Media Production Group (MPG). These are short educational videos and DVDs about an aspect of Asian culture suitable for classroom use and accompanied by curriculum. MPG titles. AEMS maintains a searchable database of over 6,000 films about Asia, including length, format, distributor and synopsis. search the database. The AEMS library, through its connection to the Illinois Heartland library system, circulates videos and DVDs locally from its collection of more than 2,000. Search our online catalog here.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5852
__label__wiki	0.635031	0.635031	eLaws \| Code of Federal Regulations \| United States Code \| eLaws Code of Federal Regulations » United States Code » All Courts Ray v. Atlantic Richfield Co. , 435 U.S. 151 ( 1978 ) 435 U.S. 151 (1978) RAY, GOVERNOR OF WASHINGTON, ET AL. ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO. ET AL. Supreme Court of United States. Argued October 31, 1977. Decided March 6, 1978. APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON. 153 Slade Gorton, pro se, Attorney General of Washington, argued the cause for appellants. With him on the briefs were Charles B. Roe, Jr., Senior Assistant Attorney General, Robert E. Mack and Richard L. Kirkby, Assistant Attorneys General, David E. Engdahl, Special Assistant Attorney General, Christopher T. Bayley, pro se, Thomas A. Goeltz, John E. Keegan, Eldon V. C. Greenberg, Richard A. Frank, Thomas H. S. Brucker, and James N. Barnes. Richard E. Sherwood argued the cause for appellees. With him on the brief were B. Boyd Hight, Ira M. Feinberg, Raymond W. Haman, James L. Robart, and David E. Wagoner.[] 154 MR. JUSTICE WHITE delivered the opinion of the Court. Pursuant to the Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972 (PWSA), 86 Stat. 424, 33 U.S. C. § 1221 et seq. (1970 ed., Supp. V), and 46 U.S. C. § 391a (1970 ed., Supp. V), navigation in Puget Sound, a body of inland water lying along the northwest coast of the State of Washington,[1] is controlled in major respects by federal law. The PWSA also subjects to federal rule the design and operating characteristics of oil tankers. This case arose when ch. 125, 1975 Wash. Laws, 1st Extr. 155 Sess., Wash. Rev. Code § 88.16.170 et seq. (Supp. 1975) (Tanker Law), was adopted with the aim of regulating in particular respects the design, size, and movement of oil tankers in Puget Sound. In response to the constitutional challenge to the law brought by the appellees herein, the District Court held that under the Supremacy Clause, Art. VI, cl. 2, of the Constitution, which declares that the federal law "shall be the supreme Law of the Land," the Tanker Law could not coexist with the PWSA and was totally invalid. Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Evans, No. C-75-648-M (WD Wash. Sept. 24, 1976). Located adjacent to Puget Sound are six oil refineries having a total combined processing capacity of 359,500 barrels of oil per day. In 1971, appellee Atlantic Richfield Co. (ARCO) began operating an oil refinery at Cherry Point, situated in the northern part of the Sound. Since then, the crude oil processed at that refinery has been delivered principally by pipeline from Canada[2] and by tankers from the Persian Gulf; tankers will also be used to transport oil there from the terminus of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline at Valdez, Alaska. Of the 105 tanker deliveries of crude oil to the Cherry Point refinery from 1972 through 1975, 95 were by means of tankers in excess of 40,000 deadweight tons (DWT),[3] and, prior to the effective date of the Tanker Law, 15 of them were by means of tankers in excess of 125,000 DWT. Appellee Seatrain Lines, Inc. (Seatrain), owns or charters 12 tanker vessels in domestic and foreign commerce, of which 156 four exceed 125,000 DWT. Seatrain also operates through a wholly owned subsidiary corporation a shipbuilding facility in New York City, where it has recently constructed or is constructing four tankers, each with a 225,000 DWT capacity. On the day the Tanker Law became effective, ARCO brought suit in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington, seeking a judgment declaring the statute unconstitutional and enjoining its enforcement. Seatrain was later permitted to intervene as a plaintiff. Named as defendants were the state and local officials responsible for the enforcement of the Tanker Law.[4] The complaint alleged that the statute was pre-empted by federal law, in particular the PWSA, and that it was thus invalid under the Supremacy Clause. It was also alleged that the law imposed an undue burden on interstate commerce in violation of the Commerce Clause, Art. I, § 8, cl. 3, and that it interfered with the federal regulation of foreign affairs. Pursuant to 28 U.S. C. §§ 2281, 2284, a three-judge court was convened to determine the case. The case was briefed and argued before the District Court on the basis of a detailed stipulation of facts. Also before the court was the brief of the United States as amicus curiae, which contended that the Tanker Law was pre-empted in its entirety by the PWSA and other federal legislation.[5] The three-judge court agreed with the plaintiffs and the United States, ruling that all of the operative provisions of the Tanker Law were pre-empted, and enjoining appellants and their successors from enforcing the chapter.[6] We noted probable jurisdiction of 157 the State's appeal, 430 U.S. 905 (1977), meanwhile having stayed the injunction. 429 U.S. 1035 (1977). The Court's prior cases indicate that when a State's exercise of its police power is challenged under the Supremacy Clause, "we start with the assumption that the historic police powers of the States were not to be superseded by the Federal Act unless that was the clear and manifest purpose of Congress." Rice v. Santa Fe Elevator Corp., 331 U.S. 218, 230 (1947); Jones v. Rath Packing Co., 430 U.S. 519, 525 (1977). Under the relevant cases, one of the legitimate inquiries is whether Congress has either explicitly or implicitly declared that the States are prohibited from regulating the various aspects of oil-tanker operations and design with which the Tanker Law is concerned. As the Court noted in Rice, supra, at 230: "[The congressional] purpose may be evidenced in several ways. The scheme of federal regulation may be so pervasive as to make reasonable the inference that Congress left no room for the States to supplement it. Pennsylvania R. Co. v. Public Service Comm'n, 250 U.S. 566, 569; Cloverleaf Butter Co. v. Patterson, 315 U.S. 148. Or the Act of Congress may touch a field in which the federal interest is so dominant that the federal system will be assumed to preclude enforcement of state laws on the same subject. Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52. Likewise, the object sought to be obtained by the federal law and the character of obligations imposed by it may reveal the same purpose. Southern R. Co. v. Railroad 158 Commission, 236 U.S. 439; Charleston & W. C. R. Co. v. Varnville Co., 237 U.S. 597; New York Central R. Co. v. Winfield, 244 U.S. 147; Napier v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., supra." Accord, City of Burbank v. Lockheed Air Terminal, Inc., 411 U.S. 624, 633 (1973). Even if Congress has not completely foreclosed state legislation in a particular area, a state statute is void to the extent that it actually conflicts with a valid federal statute. A conflict will be found "where compliance with both federal and state regulations is a physical impossibility . . . ," Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Paul, 373 U.S. 132, 142-143 (1963), or where the state "law stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress." Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52, 67 (1941); Jones v. Rath Packing Co., supra, at 526, 540-541. Accord, De Canas v. Bica, 424 U.S. 351, 363 (1976). With these principles in mind, we turn to an examination of each of the three operative provisions of the Tanker Law. We address first Wash. Rev. Code § 88.16.180 (Supp. 1975), which requires both enrolled and registered[7] oil tankers of at least 50,000 DWT to take on a pilot licensed by the State of Washington while navigating Puget Sound. The District Court held that insofar as the law required a tanker "enrolled in the coastwise trade" to have a local pilot on board, it was in direct conflict with 46 U.S. C. §§ 215, 364. We agree. Section 364 provides that "every coastwise seagoing steam vessel subject to the navigation laws of the United States, . . . not sailing under register, shall, when under way, . . . be under 159 the control and direction of pilots licensed by the Coast Guard."[8] Section 215 adds that "[n]o State or municipal government shall impose upon pilots of steam vessels any obligation to procure a State or other license in addition to that issued by the United States . . . ." It goes on to explain that the statute shall not be construed to "affect any regulation established by the laws of any State, requiring vessels entering or leaving a port in any such State, other than coastwise steam vessels, to take a pilot duly licensed or authorized by the laws of such State . . . ." (Emphasis added.) The Court has long held that these two statutes read together give the Federal Government exclusive authority to regulate pilots on enrolled vessels and that they preclude a State from imposing its own pilotage requirements upon them. See Anderson v. Pacific Coast S. S. Co., 225 U.S. 187 (1912); Spraigue v. Thompson, 118 U.S. 90 (1886). Thus, to the extent that the Tanker Law requires enrolled tankers to take on state-licensed pilots, the District Court correctly concluded, as the State now concedes, that it was in conflict with federal law and was therefore invalid. While the opinion of the court below indicated that the pilot provision of the Tanker Law was void only to the extent that it applied to tankers enrolled in the coastwise trade, the judgment itself declared the statute null and void in its entirety. No part of the statute was excepted from the scope of the injunctive relief. The judgment was overly broad, for just as it is clear that States may not regulate the pilots of enrolled vessels, it is equally clear that they are free to impose pilotage requirements on registered vessels entering and leaving their 160 ports. Not only does 46 U.S. C. § 215 so provide, as was noted above, but so also does § 101 (5) of the PWSA, 33 U.S. C. § 1221 (5) (1970 ed., Supp. V), which authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to "require pilots on self-propelled vessels engaged in the foreign trades in areas and under circumstances where a pilot is not otherwise required by State law to be on board until the State having jurisdiction of an area involved establishes a requirement for a pilot in that area or under the circumstances involved . . . ." Accordingly, as appellees now agree, the State was free to require registered tankers in excess of 50,000 DWT to take on a state-licensed pilot upon entering Puget Sound. We next deal with § 88.16.190 (2) of the Tanker Law, which requires enrolled and registered oil tankers of from 40,000 to 125,000 DWT to possess all of the following "standard safety features": "(a) Shaft horsepower in the ratio of one horsepower to each two and one-half deadweight tons; and "(b) Twin screws; and "(c) Double bottoms, underneath all oil and liquid cargo compartments; and "(d) Two radars in working order and operating, one of which must be collision avoidance radar; and "(e) Such other navigational position location systems as may be prescribed from time to time by the board of pilotage commissioners . . . ." This section contains a proviso, however, stating that if the "tanker is in ballast or is under escort of a tug or tugs with an aggregate shaft horsepower equivalent to five percent of the deadweight tons of that tanker . . . ," the design requirements are not applicable. The District Court held invalid this alternative design/tug requirement of the Tanker Law. We agree insofar as we hold that the foregoing design requirements, 161 standing alone, are invalid in the light of the PWSA and its regulatory implementation. The PWSA contains two Titles representing somewhat overlapping provisions designed to insure vessel safety and the protection of the navigable waters, their resources, and shore areas from tanker cargo spillage. The focus of Title I, 33 U.S. C. §§ 1221-1227 (1970 ed., Supp. V), is traffic control at local ports; Title II's principal concern is tanker design and construction.[9] For present purposes the relevant part is Title II, 46 U.S. C. § 391a (1970 ed., Supp. V), which amended the Tank Vessel Act of 1936, Rev. Stat. § 4417a, as added, 49 Stat. 1889. Title II begins by declaring that the protection of life, property, and the marine environment from harm requires the promulgation of "comprehensive minimum standards of design, construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, and operation" for vessels carrying certain cargoes in bulk, primarily oil and fuel tankers. § 391a (1). To implement the twin goals of providing for vessel safety and protecting the marine environment, it is provided that the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is located[10] "shall establish" such rules and regulations as may be necessary with respect to the design, construction, and operation of the covered vessels and with respect to a variety of related matters. § 391a (3). In issuing regulations, the Secretary is to consider the kinds and grades of cargo permitted to be on board such vessels, to consult with other federal agencies, and to identify separately the regulations established for vessel safety and those to protect marine environment. Ibid. 162 Section 391a (5) provides for inspection of vessels for compliance with the Secretary's safety regulations.[11] No vessel subject to Title II may have on board any of the specified cargoes until a certificate of inspection has been issued to the vessel and a permit endorsed thereon "indicating that such vessel is in compliance with the provisions of this section and the rules and regulations for vessel safety established hereunder, and showing the kinds and grades of such cargo that such vessel may have on board or transport." It is provided that in lieu of inspection under this section the Secretary is to accept from vessels of foreign nations valid certificates of inspection "recognized under law or treaty by the United States." Title II also directs the Secretary to inspect tank vessels for compliance with the regulations which he is required to issue for the protection of the marine environment. § 391a (6).[12] Compliance with these separate regulations, which must 163 satisfy specified standards,[13] and the consequent privilege of having on board the relevant cargo are evidenced by certificates of compliance issued by the Secretary or by appropriate endorsements on the vessels' certificates of inspection. Certificates are valid for the period specified by the Secretary and are subject to revocation when it is found that the vessel does not comply with the conditions upon which the certificate was issued.[14] In lieu of a certificate of compliance with his own environmental regulations relating to vessel design, construction, alteration, and repair, the Secretary may, but need not, accept valid certificates from foreign vessels evidencing compliance with rules and regulations issued under a treaty, convention, or agreement providing for reciprocity of recognition of certificates or similar documents. § 391a (7) (D). This statutory pattern shows that Congress, insofar as design characteristics are concerned, has entrusted to the Secretary the duty of determining which oil tankers are sufficiently safe to be allowed to proceed in the navigable waters of the United States. This indicates to us that Congress intended uniform national standards for design and construction of tankers that would foreclose the imposition of different or more stringent state requirements. In particular, as we 164 see it, Congress did not anticipate that a vessel found to be in compliance with the Secretary's design and construction regulations and holding a Secretary's permit, or its equivalent, to carry the relevant cargo would nevertheless be barred by state law from operating in the navigable waters of the United States on the ground that its design characteristics constitute an undue hazard. We do not question in the slightest the prior cases holding that enrolled and registered vessels must conform to "reasonable, nondiscriminatory conservation and environmental protection measures . . ." imposed by a State. Douglas v. Seacoast Products, Inc., 431 U.S. 265, 277 (1977), citing Smith v. Maryland, 18 How. 71 (1855); Manchester v. Massachusetts, 139 U.S. 240 (1891); and Huron Portland Cement Co. v. Detroit, 362 U.S. 440 (1960). Similarly, the mere fact that a vessel has been inspected and found to comply with the Secretary's vessel safety regulations does not prevent a State or city from enforcing local laws having other purposes, such as a local smoke abatement law. Ibid. But in none of the relevant cases sustaining the application of state laws to federally licensed or inspected vessels did the federal licensing or inspection procedure implement a substantive rule of federal law addressed to the object also sought to be achieved by the challenged state regulation. Huron Portland Cement Co. v. Detroit, for example, made it plain that there was "no overlap between the scope of the federal ship inspection laws and that of the municipal ordinance . . ." there involved. Id., at 446. The purpose of the "federal inspection statutes [was] to insure the seagoing safety of vessels . . . to affor[d] protection from the perils of maritime navigation," while "[b]y contrast, the sole aim of the Detroit ordinance [was] the elimination of air pollution to protect the health and enhance the cleanliness of the local community." Id., at 445. Kelly v. Washington, 302 U.S. 1 (1937), involved a similar situation. There, the Court concluded that the Federal Motor 165 Boat Act, although applicable to the vessels in question, was of limited scope and did not include provision for "the inspection of the hull and machinery of respondents' motor-driven tugs in order to insure safety or determine seaworthiness . . . ," as long as the tugs did not carry passengers, freight, or inflammable liquid cargo. Id., at 8. It followed that state inspection to insure safety was not in conflict with federal law, the Court also holding that the limited federal regulations did not imply an intent to exclude state regulation of those matters not touched by the federal statute. Here, we have the very situation that Huron Portland Cement Co. v. Detroit and Kelly v. Washington put aside. Title II aims at insuring vessel safety and protecting the marine environment; and the Secretary must issue all design and construction regulations that he deems necessary for these ends, after considering the specified statutory standards. The federal scheme thus aims precisely at the same ends as does § 88.16.190 (2) of the Tanker Law. Furthermore, under the PWSA, after considering the statutory standards and issuing all design requirements that in his judgment are necessary, the Secretary inspects and certifies each vessel as sufficiently safe to protect the marine environment and issues a permit or its equivalent to carry tank-vessel cargoes. Refusing to accept the federal judgment, however, the State now seeks to exclude from Puget Sound vessels certified by the Secretary as having acceptable design characteristics, unless they satisfy the different and higher design requirements imposed by state law. The Supremacy Clause dictates that the federal judgment that a vessel is safe to navigate United States waters prevail over the contrary state judgment. Enforcement of the state requirements would at least frustrate what seems to us to be the evident congressional intention to establish a uniform federal regime controlling the design of oil tankers. The original Tank Vessel Act, amended 166 by Title II, sought to effect a "reasonable and uniform set of rules and regulations concerning ship construction . . . ," H. R. Rep. No. 2962, 74th Cong., 2d Sess., 2 (1936); and far from evincing a different purpose, the Title II amendments strongly indicate that insofar as tanker design is concerned, Congress anticipated the enforcement of federal standards that would pre-empt state efforts to mandate different or higher design requirements.[15] That the Nation was to speak with one voice with respect to tanker-design standards is supported by the legislative history of Title II, particularly as it reveals a decided congressional preference for arriving at international standards for building tank vessels. The Senate Report recognizes that vessel design "has traditionally been an area for international rather than national action," and that "international solutions in this area are preferable since the problem of marine pollution is world-wide."[16] Senate Report 23. Congress did provide that the Secretary's safety regulations would not 167 apply to foreign ships holding compliance certificates under regulations arrived at by international agreement; but, in the end, the environmental protection regulations were made applicable to foreign as well as to American vessels since it was thought to be necessary for the achievement of the Act's purposes.[17] Although not acceding to the request of those who thought that foreign vessels should be completely exempt from regulation under Title II,[18] Congress did not abandon the effort to achieve international agreement on what the proper design standards should be. It wrote into Title II a deferral procedure, requiring the Secretary at the outset to transmit his proposed environmental protection rules and regulations with respect to vessel design to the appropriate international forums for consideration as international standards. § 391a (7) (B). In order to facilitate the international consideration of these design requirements, Title II specified that the rules and regulations governing foreign vessels and United States vessels engaged in foreign trade could not become effective before January 1, 1974, unless they were consonant with an international agreement. § 391a (7) (C). As noted by the Senate Report, this requirement demonstrated the "committee's strong intention that standards for the protection of the marine environment be adopted, multilaterally if possible, but adopted in any event." Senate Report 28. Congress expressed a preference for international action and 168 expressly anticipated that foreign vessels would or could be considered sufficiently safe for certification by the Secretary if they satisfied the requirements arrived at by treaty or convention; it is therefore clear that Title II leaves no room for the States to impose different or stricter design requirements than those which Congress has enacted with the hope of having them internationally adopted or has accepted as the result of international accord. A state law in this area, such as the first part of § 88.16.190 (2), would frustrate the congressional desire of achieving uniform, international standards and is thus at odds with "the object sought to be obtained by [Title II] and the character of obligations imposed by it . . . ." Rice v. Santa Fe Elevator Corp., 331 U. S., at 230. In this respect, the District Court was quite correct.[19] Of course, that a tanker is certified under federal law as a safe vessel insofar as its design and construction characteristics are concerned does not mean that it is free to ignore otherwise valid state or federal rules or regulations that do 169 not constitute design or construction specifications. Registered vessels, for example, as we have already indicated, must observe Washington's pilotage requirement. In our view, both enrolled and registered vessels must also comply with the provision of the Tanker Law that requires tug escorts for tankers over 40,000 DWT that do not satisfy the design provisions specified in § 88.16.190 (2). This conclusion requires analysis of Title I of the PWSA, 33 U.S. C. §§ 1221-1227 (1970 ed., Supp. V). In order to prevent damage to vessels, structures, and shore areas, as well as environmental harm to navigable waters and the resources therein that might result from vessel or structure damage, Title I authorizes the Secretary to establish and operate "vessel traffic services and systems" for ports subject to congested traffic,[20] as well as to require ships to comply with the systems and to have the equipment necessary to do so. §§ 1221 (1) and (2). The Secretary may "control vessel traffic" under various hazardous conditions by specifying the times for vessel movement, by establishing size and speed limitations and vessel operating conditions, and by restricting 170 vessel operation to those vessels having the particular operating characteristics which he considers necessary for safe operation under the circumstances. § 1221 (3). In addition, the Secretary may require vessels engaged in foreign trade to carry pilots until the State having jurisdiction establishes a pilot requirement, § 1221 (5); he may establish minimum safety equipment requirements for shore structures, § 1221 (7); and he may establish waterfront safety zones or other measures for limited, controlled, or conditional access when necessary for the protection of vessels, structures, waters, or shore areas, § 1221 (8). In carrying out his responsibilities under the Act, the Secretary may issue rules and regulations. § 1224. In doing so, he is directed to consider a wide variety of interests that might affect the exercise of his authority, such as possible environmental impact, the scope and degree of the hazards involved, and "vessel traffic characteristics including minimum interference with the flow of commercial traffic, traffic volume, the sizes and types of vessels, the usual nature of local cargoes, and similar factors." § 1222 (e). Section 1222 (b) provides that nothing in Title I is to "prevent a State or political subdivision thereof from prescribing for structures only higher safety equipment requirements or safety standards than those which may be prescribed pursuant to this chapter." Exercising this authority, the Secretary, through his delegate, the Coast Guard, has issued Navigation Safety Regulations, 33 CFR Part 164 (adopted at 42 Fed. Reg. 5956 (1977)). Of particular importance to this case, he has promulgated the Puget Sound Vessel Traffic System containing general rules, communication rules, vessel movement reporting requirements, a traffic separation scheme, special rules for ship movement in Rosario Strait, descriptions and geographic coordinates of the separation zones and traffic lanes, and a specification for precautionary areas and reporting points.[21] 33 CFR Part 161, 171 Subpart B (1976), as amended, 42 Fed. Reg. 29480 (1977). There is also delegated to Coast Guard district commanders and captains of ports the authority to exercise the Secretary's powers under § 1221 (3) to direct the anchoring, mooring, and movements of vessels; temporarily to establish traffic routing schemes; and to specify vessel size and speed limitations and operating conditions. 33 CFR § 160.35 (1976). Traffic in Rosario Strait is subject to a local Coast Guard rule prohibiting "the passage of more than one 70,000 DWT vessel through Rosario Strait in either direction at any given time." During the periods of bad weather, the size limitation is reduced to approximately 40,000 DWT. App. 65. A tug-escort provision is not a design requirement, such as is promulgated under Title II. It is more akin to an operating rule arising from the peculiarities of local waters that call for special precautionary measures, and, as such, is a safety measure clearly within the reach of the Secretary's authority under §§ 1221 (3) (iii) and (iv) to establish "vessel size and speed limitations and vessel operating conditions" and to restrict vessel operation to those with "particular operating characteristics and capabilities . . . ." Title I, however, merely authorizes and does not require the Secretary to issue regulations to implement the provisions of the Title; and assuming that § 1222 (b) prevents a State from issuing "higher safety equipment requirements or safety standards," see infra, at 174, it does so only with respect to those requirements or standards "which may be prescribed pursuant to this chapter." The relevant inquiry under Title I with respect to the State's power to impose a tug-escort rule is thus whether the Secretary has either promulgated his own tug requirement for Puget Sound tanker navigation or has decided that no such 172 requirement should be imposed at all. It does not appear to us that he has yet taken either course. He has, however, issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking, 41 Fed. Reg. 18770 (1976), to amend his Navigation Safety Regulations issued under Title I, 33 CFR Part 164 (1977), so as to require tug escorts for certain vessels operating in confined waters.[22] The notice says that these rules, if adopted, "are intended to provide uniform guidance for the maritime industry and Captains of the Port." 41 Fed. Reg. 18771 (1976). It may be that rules will be forthcoming that will pre-empt the State's present tug-escort rule, but until that occurs, the State's requirement need not give way under the Supremacy Clause.[23] Nor for constitutional purposes does it make substantial difference that under the Tanker Law those vessels that satisfy the State's design requirements are in effect exempted from 173 the tug-escort requirement.[24] Given the validity of a general rule prescribing tug escorts for all tankers, Washington is also privileged, insofar as the Supremacy Clause is concerned, to waive the rule for tankers having specified design characteristics.[25] For this reason, we conclude that the District Court erred in holding that the alternative tug requirement of § 88.16.190 (2) was invalid because of its conflict with the PWSA. We cannot arrive at the same conclusion with respect to the remaining provision of the Tanker Law at issue here. Section 88.16.190 (1) excludes from Puget Sound under any circumstances any tanker in excess of 125,000 DWT. In our 174 view, this provision is invalid in light of Title I and the Secretary's actions taken thereunder. We begin with the premise that the Secretary has the authority to establish "vessel size and speed limitations," § 1221 (3) (iii), and that local Coast Guard officers have been authorized to exercise this power on his behalf. Furthermore, § 1222 (b), by permitting the State to impose higher equipment or safety standards "for structures only," impliedly forbids higher state standards for vessels. The implication is strongly supported by the legislative history of the PWSA. The House Report explains that the original wording of the bill did "not make it absolutely clear that the Coast Guard regulation of vessels preempts state action in this field" and says that § 1222 (b) was amended to provide "a positive statement retaining State jurisdiction over structures and making clear that State regulation of vessels is not contemplated." House Report 15. Relying on the legislative history, the appellants argue that the preclusive effect of § 1222 (b) is restricted to vessel equipment requirements. The statute, however, belies this argument, for it expressly reaches vessel "safety standards" as well as equipment. A limitation on vessel size would seem to fall squarely within the category of safety standards, since the Secretary's authority to impose size limits on vessels navigating Puget Sound is designed to prevent damage to vessels and to the navigable waters and is couched in terms of controlling vessel traffic in areas "which he determines to be especially hazardous." The pertinent inquiry at this point thus becomes whether the Secretary, through his delegate, has addressed and acted upon the question of size limitations. Appellees and the United States insist that he has done so by his local navigation rule with respect to Rosario Strait: The rule prohibits the passage of more than one 70,000 DWT vessel through Rosario Strait in either direction at any given time, and in periods of 175 bad weather, the "size limitation" is reduced to approximately 40,000 DWT. On the record before us, it appears sufficiently clear that federal authorities have indeed dealt with the issue of size and have determined whether and in what circumstances tanker size is to limit navigation in Puget Sound. The Tanker Law purports to impose a general ban on large tankers, but the Secretary's response has been a much more limited one. Because under § 1222 (b) the State may not impose higher safety standards than those prescribed by the Secretary under Title I, the size limitation of § 88.16.190 (1) may not be enforced. There is also force to the position of appellees and the United States that the size regulation imposed by the Tanker Law, if not pre-empted under Title I, is similar to or indistinguishable from a design requirement which Title II reserves to the federal regime. This may be true if the size limit represents a state judgment that, as a matter of safety and environmental protection generally, tankers should not exceed 125,000 DWT. In that event, the State should not be permitted to prevail over a contrary design judgment made by federal authorities in pursuit of uniform national and international goals. On the other hand, if Washington's exclusion of large tankers from Puget Sound is in reality based on water depth in Puget Sound or on other local peculiarities, the Tanker Law in this respect would appear to be within the scope of Title I, in which event also state and federal law would represent contrary judgments, and the state limitation would have to give way.[26] Our conclusion as to the State's ban on large tankers is consistent with the legislative history of Title I. In exercising his authority under the Title, the Secretary is directed 176 to consult with other agencies in order "to assure consistency of regulations . . . ," § 1222 (c), and also to "consider fully the wide variety of interests which may be affected . . . ." § 1222 (e). These twin themesconsistency of regulation and thoroughness of considerationreflect the substance of the Committee Reports. The House Report indicates that a good number of the witnesses who testified before the House subcommittee stated that one of the strong points of Title I was "the imposition of federal control in the areas envisioned by the bill which will insure regulatory and enforcement uniformity throughout all the covered areas." House Report 8.[27] Such a view was expressed by the Commandant of the 177 Coast Guard, Admiral Bender, who pointed out that with a federally operated traffic system, the necessary research and development could be carried out by a single authority and then utilized around the country "with differences applied . . . to the particular ports . . . ." Ibid. He added that the same agency of the Federal Government that developed the traffic systems should then be responsible for enforcing them. Ibid. While the House Report notes the importance of uniformity of regulation and enforcement, the Senate Report stresses the careful consideration that the Secretary must give to various factors before exercising his authority under Title I. It states that the Secretary "is required to balance a number of considerations including the scope and degree of hazard, vessel traffic characteristics, conditions peculiar to a particular port or waterway, environmental factors, economic impact, and so forth." Senate Report 34. It was also "anticipated that the exercise of the authority provided . . . regarding the establishment of vessels size and speed limitations [would] not be imposed universally, but rather [would] be exercised with due consideration to the factors" set forth above and with due regard for "such matters as combinations of horsepower, drafts of vessels, rivers, depth and width of channels, design types of vessels involved, and other relevant circumstances." Id., at 33. We read these statements by Congress as indicating that it desired someone with an overview of all the possible ramifications of the regulation of oil tankers to promulgate limitations on tanker size and that he should act only after balancing all of the competing interests. While it was not anticipated that the final product of this deliberation would be the promulgation of traffic safety systems applicable across the board to all United States ports, it was anticipated that there would be a single decisionmaker, rather than a different one in each State. Against this background, we think the pre-emptive impact 178 of § 1222 (b) is an understandable expression of congressional intent. Furthermore, even without § 1222 (b), we would be reluctant to sustain the Tanker Law's absolute ban on tankers larger than 125,000 DWT. The Court has previously recognized that "where failure of . . . federal officials affirmatively to exercise their full authority takes on the character of a ruling that no such regulation is appropriate or approved pursuant to the policy of the statute," States are not permitted to use their police power to enact such a regulation. Bethlehem Steel Co. v. New York State Labor Relations Board, 330 U.S. 767, 774 (1947); Napier v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co., 272 U.S. 605 (1926). We think that in this case the Secretary's failure to promulgate a ban on the operations of oil tankers in excess of 125,000 DWT in Puget Sound takes on such a character. As noted above, a clear policy of the statute is that the Secretary shall carefully consider "the wide variety of interests which may be affected by the exercise of his authority," § 1222(e), and that he shall restrict the application of vessel size limitations to those areas where they are particularly necessary. In the case of Puget Sound, the Secretary has exercised his authority in accordance with the statutory directives and has promulgated a vessel-traffic-control system which contains only a narrow limitation on the operation of supertankers. This being the case, we conclude that Washington is precluded from enforcing the size limitation contained in the Tanker Law.[28] 179 VII We also reject appellees' additional constitutional challenges to the State's tug-escort requirement for vessels not satisfying its design standards.[29] Appellees contend that this provision, even if not pre-empted by the PWSA, violates the Commerce Clause because it is an indirect attempt to regulate the design and equipment of tankers, an area of regulation that appellees contend necessitates a uniform national rule. We have previously rejected this claim, concluding that the provision may be viewed as simply a tug-escort requirement since it does not have the effect of forcing compliance with the design specifications set forth in the provision. See n. 25, supra. So viewed, it becomes apparent that the Commerce Clause does not prevent a State from enacting a regulation of this type. Similar in its nature to a local pilotage requirement, a requirement that a vessel take on a tug escort when entering a particular body of water is not the type of regulation that demands a uniform national rule. See Cooley v. Board of Wardens, 12 How. 299 (1852). Nor does it appear from the record that the requirement impedes the free and 180 efficient flow of interstate and foreign commerce, for the cost of tug escort for a 120,000 DWT tanker is less than one cent per barrel of oil and the amount of oil processed at Puget Sound refineries has not declined as a result of the provision's enforcement. App. 68. Accordingly, we hold that § 88.16.190 (2) of the Tanker Law is not invalid under the Commerce Clause. Similarly, we cannot agree with the additional claim that the tug-escort provision interferes with the Federal Government's authority to conduct foreign affairs. Again, appellees' argument is based on the contention that the overall effect of § 88.16.190 (2) is to coerce tanker owners into outfitting their vessels with the specified design requirements. Were that so, we might agree that the provision constituted an invalid interference with the Federal Government's attempt to achieve international agreement on the regulation of tanker design. The provision as we view it, however, does no more than require the use of tug escorts within Puget Sound, a requirement with insignificant international consequences. We, therefore, decline to declare § 88.16.190 (2) invalid for either of the additional reasons urged by appellees. Accordingly, the judgment of the three-judge District Court is affirmed in part and reversed in part, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. MR. JUSTICE MARSHALL, with whom MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN and MR. JUSTICE REHNQUIST join, concurring in part and dissenting in part. The Washington Tanker Law at issue here has three operative provisions: (1) a requirement that every oil tanker of 50,000 deadweight tons (DWT) or larger employ a pilot licensed by the State of Washington while navigating Puget Sound and adjacent waters, Wash. Rev. Code § 88.16.180 (Supp. 1975); (2) a requirement that every oil tanker of from 40,000 to 125,000 DWT either possess certain safety features or 181 utilize tug escorts while operating in Puget Sound, § 88.16.190 (2); and (3) a size limitation, barring tankers in excess of 125,000 DWT from the Sound, § 88.16.190 (1). I agree with the Court that the pilotage requirement is pre-empted only with respect to enrolled vessels. I also agree that the tug-escort requirement is fully valid, at least until such time as the Secretary of Transportation or his delegate promulgates a federal tug-escort rule or decides, after full consideration, that no such rule is necessary. I therefore join Parts I, II, III, V, and VII of the Court's opinion. In the current posture of this case, however, I see no need to speculate, as the Court does, on the validity of the safety features alternative to the tug requirement. Since the effective date of the Tanker Law, all tankersincluding those owned or chartered by appelleeshave employed tug escorts rather than attempting to satisfy the alternative safety requirements. The relative expense of compliance, moreover, makes it extremely unlikely, at least for the foreseeable future, that any tankers will be constructed or redesigned to meet the law's requirements.[1] Indeed, the Court itself concludes that § 88.16.190 (2) "may be viewed as simply a tug-escort requirement since it does not have the effect of forcing compliance with the design specifications set forth in the provision." Ante, at 179; see ante, at 173 n. 25, and 180. Accordingly, I cannot join Part IV of the Court's opinion. I also cannot agree with the Court's conclusion in Part VI of its opinion that the size limitation contained in the Tanker Law 182 is invalid under the Supremacy Clause. To reach this conclusion, the Court relies primarily on an analysis of Title I of the PWSA and the Secretary of Transportation's actions thereunder. I agree with the Court that the Secretary has authority to establish vessel size limitations based on the characteristics of particular waters,[2] and that a State is not free to impose more stringent requirements once the Secretary has exercised that authority or has decided, after balancing all of the relevant factors, that a size limitation would not be appropriate. On the other hand, Title I does not by its own force pre-empt all state regulation of vessel size, since it "merely authorizes and does not require the Secretary to issue regulations to implement the provisions of the Title." Ante, at 171. Thus, as the Court notes, "[t]he pertinent inquiry at this point . . . [is] whether the Secretary, through his delegate, has addressed and acted upon the question of size limitations." Ante, at 174. The Court concludes that the Secretary's delegate, the Coast Guard, has in fact considered the issue of size limitations for Puget Sound and reached a judgment contrary to the one embodied in the Tanker Law. Under well-established principles, however, state law should be displaced "`only to the extent necessary to protect the achievement of the aims of'" 183 federal law; whenever possible, we should "reconcile `the operation of both statutory schemes with one another rather than holding [the state scheme] completely ousted.'" Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith v. Ware, 414 U.S. 117, 127 (1973), quoting Silver v. New York Stock Exchange, 373 U.S. 341, 361, 357 (1963); accord, De Canas v. Bica, 424 U.S. 351, 357-358, n. 5 (1976). Viewed in light of these principles, the record simply does not support the Court's finding of conflict between state and federal law. The Coast Guard's unwritten "local navigation rule," which prohibits passage of more than one 70,000 DWT vessel through Rosario Strait at any given time, is the sole evidence cited by the Court to show that size limitations for Puget Sound have been considered by federal authorities. Ante, at 174-175. On this record, however, the rule cannot be said to reflect a determination that the size limitations set forth in the Tanker Law are inappropriate or unnecessary. First, there is no indication that in establishing the vessel traffic rule for Rosario Strait the Coast Guard considered the need for promulgating size limitations for the entire Sound.[3] Second, even assuming that the Rosario Strait rule resulted from consideration of the size issue with respect to the entire area, appellees have not demonstrated 184 that the rule evinces a judgment contrary to the provisions of the Tanker Law. Under the express terms of the PWSA, the existence of local vessel-traffic-control schemes must be weighed in the balance in determining whether, and to what extent, federal size limitations should be imposed.[4] There is no evidence in the record that the Rosario Strait "size limitation" was in existence or even under consideration prior to passage of the Tanker Law.[5] Thus appellees have left unrebutted the inference that the Coast Guard's own limited rule was built upon, and is therefore entirely consistent with, the framework already created by the Tanker Law's restrictions. Perhaps in recognition of the tenuousness of its finding of conflict with federal regulation under Title I, the Court suggests that the size limitation imposed by the Tanker Law might also be pre-empted under Title II of the PWSA. Ante, at 175. In particular, the Court theorizes that the state rule might be pre-empted if it "represents a state judgment that, as a matter of safety and environmental protection generally, tankers should not exceed 125,000 DWT." Ibid. (Emphasis added.) It is clear, however, that the Tanker Law was not merely a reaction to the problems arising out of tanker operations in general, but instead was a measure tailored to respond to unique local conditionsin particular, the unusual 185 susceptibility of Puget Sound to damage from large oil spills and the peculiar navigational problems associated with tanker operations in the Sound.[6] Thus, there is no basis for pre-emption under Title II.[7] 186 For similar reasons, I would hold that Washington's size regulation does not violate the Commerce Clause. Since water depth and other navigational conditions vary from port to port, local regulation of tanker accesslike pilotage and tug requirements, and other harbor and river regulationis certainly appropriate, and perhaps even necessary, in the absence of determinative federal action. See, e. g., Cooley v. Board of Wardens, 12 How. 299, 319 (1852); Packet Co. v. Catlettsburg, 105 U.S. 559, 562-563 (1882). Appellees have not demonstrated that the Tanker Law's size limit is an irrational or ineffective means of promoting safety and environmental protection,[8]187 nor have they shown that the provision imposes any substantial burden on interstate or foreign commerce.[9] Consequently, it is clear that appellees have not carried their burden of showing that the provision's impact on interstate or foreign commerce "is clearly excessive in relation to the putative local benefits." Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc., 397 U.S. 137, 142 (1970). I do not find any of appellees' other arguments persuasive. I would therefore sustain the size limitation imposed by the Tanker Law. MR. JUSTICE STEVENS, with whom MR. JUSTICE POWELL joins, concurring in part and dissenting in part. The federal interest in uniform regulation of commerce on the high seas, reinforced by the Supremacy Clause, "dictates that the federal judgment that a vessel is safe to navigate United States waters prevail over the contrary state judgment." Ante, at 165. For that reason, as the Court explains in Part IV of its opinion, we must reject the judgment expressed by the Legislature of the State of Washington that 188 an oil tanker of 40,000 to 125,000 deadweight tons cannot safely navigate in Puget Sound unless it possesses the "standard safety features" prescribed by § 88.16.190 (2) of the Washington Code.[1] As the Court holds, the state statute imposing those design requirements is invalid. It follows, I believe, that the State may not impose any special restrictions on vessels which do not satisfy these invalid criteria. The Court correctly holds that the State may not exclude vessels in that category from Puget Sound but it inconsistently allows the State to impose a costly tug-escort requirement on those vessels and no others. This tug-escort requirement is not, by its terms, a general safety rule from which tankers are exempt if they possess the invalid design features.[2] Quite the 189 contrary, the tug-escort requirement is merely a proviso in § 88.16.190 (2)the section of the Washington Tanker Law that prescribes the design requirements; it is imposed only on tankers that do not comply with those requirements. The federal interest that prohibits state enforcement of those requirements should also prohibit state enforcement of a special penalty for failure to comply with them. If the federal interest in uniformity is to be vindicated, the magnitude of the special burden imposed by any one State's attempt to penalize noncompliance with its invalid rules is of no consequence. The tug-escort penalty imposed by Washington will cost appellee ARCO approximately $277,500 per year. The significance of that cost cannot be determined simply by comparison with the capital investment which would be involved in complying with Washington's invalid design specifications. Rather, it should be recognized that this initial burden is subject to addition and multiplication by similar action in other States.[3] Moreover, whether or not so multiplied, the imposition of any special restriction impairs the congressional determination to provide uniform standards for vessel design and construction.[4] 190 Since I am persuaded that the tug-escort requirement is an inseparable appendage to the invalid design requirements, the invalidity of one necessarily infects the other. I therefore respectfully dissent from Parts V and VII of the Court's opinion.[5] [] Anthony F. Troy, Attorney General, James E. Ryan, Jr., Deputy Attorney General, and John Hardin Young, Assistant Attorney General, filed a brief for the Commonwealth of Virginia as amicus curiae urging reversal. Briefs of amici curiae urging affirmance were filed by Eugene A. Massey for the American Institute of Merchant Shipping, by John M. Cannon for the Mid-America Legal Foundation, and by David R. Owen for the Maritime Law Association of the United States. Briefs of amici curiae were filed by Solicitor General McCree and William F. Sheehan III for the United States; by Evelle J. Younger, Attorney General, E. Clement Shute, Jr., Assistant Attorney General, and C. Foster Knight, Deputy Attorney General, for the State of California, joined by certain officials for their respective States as follows: Avrum M. Gross, Attorney General of Alaska, and Sanford Sagalkin, Assistant Attorney General; Arthur K. Bolton, Attorney General of Georgia, and Ann Estes, Staff Assistant Attorney General; Ronald Y. Amemiya, Attorney General of Hawaii, and Laurence K. Lau, Deputy Attorney General; John Ashcroft, Attorney General of Missouri, and Robert M. Lindholm, Assistant Attorney General; Robert P. Kane, Attorney General of Pennsylvania, and William Eichbaum, Assistant Attorney General; and Bronson C. LaFollette, Attorney General of Wisconsin, and Theodore Priebe, Assistant Attorney General; and by certain officials for their respective States as follows: Francis B. Burch, Attorney General of Maryland, and Warren K. Rich and Earl G. Schaffer, Assistant Attorneys General; Richard Wier, Attorney General of Delaware; Joseph E. Brennan, Attorney General of Maine; Warren Spannaus, Attorney General of Minnesota; Louis J. Lefkowitz, Attorney General of New York; Julius C. Michaelson, Attorney General of Rhode Island; Robert L. Shevin, Attorney General of Florida; and Wayne L. Kidwell, Attorney General of Idaho. [1] Puget Sound is an estuary consisting of 2,500 square miles of inlets, bays, and channels in the northwestern part of Washington. More than 200 islands are located within the Sound, and numerous marshes, tidal flats, wetlands, and beaches are found along the 2,000 miles of shoreline. The Sound's waters and shorelines provide recreational, scientific, and educational opportunities, as well as navigational and commercial uses, for Washington citizens and others. The Sound, which is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, is constantly navigated by commercial and recreational vessels and is a water resource of great value to the State, as well as to the United States. [2] We were informed during oral argument by the Attorney General of Washington that the pipeline from Canada to Cherry Point is no longer in service. Tr. of Oral Arg. 6. [3] The term "deadweight tons" is defined for purposes of the Tanker Law as the cargo-carrying capacity of a vessel, including necessary fuel oils, stores, and potable waters, as expressed in long tons (2,240 pounds per long ton). [4] Four environmental groupsCoalition Against Oil Pollution, National Wildlife Federation, Sierra Club, and Environmental Defense Fund, Inc. and the prosecuting attorney for King County, Wash., intervened as defendants. [5] The United States has since modified its views and no longer contends that the Tanker Law is in all respects pre-empted by federal law. [6] The state defendants challenged the District Court's jurisdiction over them, asserting sovereign immunity under the Eleventh Amendment. They recognized that in Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908), the Court held that the Eleventh Amendment does not bar suit in federal court against a state official for the purpose of obtaining an injunction against his enforcement of a state law alleged to be unconstitutional, but urged the District Court to overrule that decision or to restrict its application. The District Court declined to do so. The request is repeated here, and we reject it. [7] Enrolled vessels are those "engaged in domestic or coastwide trade or used for fishing," whereas registered vessels are those engaged in trade with foreign countries. Douglas v. Seacoast Products, Inc., 431 U.S. 265, 272-273 (1977). [8] Included within the definition of steam vessels are "[a]ll vessels, regardless of tonnage size, or manner of propulsion, and whether self-propelled or not, and whether carrying freight or passengers for hire or not, . . . that shall have on board liquid cargo in bulk which is (A) inflammable or combustible, or (B) oil, of any kind or in any form, . . . or (C) designated as a hazardous polluting substance . . . ." 46 U.S. C. § 391a (2) (1970 ed., Supp. V). [9] The Senate Report compares Title I to "providing safer surface highways and traffic controls for automobiles," while Title II is likened to "providing safer automobiles to transit those highways." S. Rep. No. 92-724, pp. 9-10 (1972) (Senate Report). [10] The Coast Guard is located in the Department of Transportation. Thus references to the "Secretary" are to the Secretary of that Department. [11] The Secretary's current safety regulations with respect to the design and equipment of tank vessels appear at 46 CFR Parts 30-40 (1976). Section 31.05-1 of the regulations provides for the issuance of certificates of inspection to covered vessels complying with the applicable law and regulations and for endorsement thereon showing approval for the carriage of the particular cargoes specified. The regulation provides that "such endorsement shall serve as a permit for such vessel to operate." [12] As directed by Title II, the Secretary, through his delegate, the Coast Guard, see 49 CFR § 1.46 (n) (4) (1976), has issued rules and regulations for protection of the marine environment relating to United States tank vessels carrying oil in domestic trade. 33 CFR Part 157 (1977). These regulations were initially designed to conform to the standards specified in a 1973 international convention, but have since been supplemented by additional requirements for new vessels going beyond the convention. 41 Fed. Reg. 54177 (1976). They have also been extended to vessels in the foreign trade, including foreign-flag vessels. Ibid. It appears that the Coast Guard is now engaged in a rulemaking proceeding which looks toward the imposition of still more stringent design and construction standards. 42 Fed. Reg. 24868 (1977). [13] Title II in relevant part, 46 U.S. C. § 391a (7) (A) (1970 ed., Supp. V), provides: "Such rules and regulations shall, to the extent possible, include but not be limited to standards to improve vessel maneuvering and stopping ability and otherwise reduce the possibility of collision, grounding, or other accident, and to reduce damage to the marine environment by normal vessel operations such as ballasting and deballasting, cargo handling, and other activities." [14] It should also be noted that the Secretary has authority under Title II to insure that adequately trained personnel are in charge of tankers. He is authorized to certify "tankermen" and to state the kinds of cargo that the holder of such certificate is, in the judgment of the Secretary, qualified to handle aboard vessels with safety. 46 U.S. C. § 391a (9) (1970 ed., Supp. V). [15] The Court has previously observed that ship design and construction standards are matters for national attention. In Kelly v. Washington, 302 U.S. 1 (1937), in the course of upholding state inspection of the particular vessels there involved, the Court stated that the state law was "a comprehensive code" and that "it has provisions which may be deemed to fall within the class of regulations which Congress alone can provide. For example, Congress may establish standards and designs for the structure and equipment of vessels, and may prescribe rules for their operation, which could not properly be left to the diverse action of the States. The State of Washington might prescribe standards, designs, equipment and rules of one sort, Oregon another, California another, and so on." Id., at 14-15. Here, Congress has taken unto itself the matter of tanker-design standards, and the Tanker Law's design provisions are unenforceable. [16] Elsewhere in the Senate Report it is stated: "The committee fully concurs that multilateral action with respect to comprehensive standards for the design, construction, maintenance and operation of tankers for the protection of the marine environment would be far preferable to unilateral imposition of standards." Senate Report 23. [17] The Senate Report notes that eliminating foreign vessels from Title II would be "ineffective, and possibly self-defeating," because approximately 85% of the vessels in the navigable waters of the United States are of foreign registry. Id., at 22. The Report adds that making the Secretary's regulations applicable only to American ships would put them at a competitive disadvantage with foreign-flag ships. Ibid. [18] The Department of State and the Department of Transportation, as well as 12 foreign nations, expressed concern about Title II's authorization of the unilateral imposition of design standards on foreign vessels. Id., at 23. [19] We are unconvinced that because Title II speaks of the establishment of comprehensive "minimum standards" Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Paul, 373 U.S. 132 (1963), requires recognition of state authority to impose higher standards than the Secretary has prescribed. In that case, we sustained the state regulation against claims of pre-emption, but we did not rely solely on the statutory reference to "minimum standards" or indicate that it furnished a litmus-paper test for resolving issues of pre-emption. Indeed, there were other provisions in the Federal Act in question that "militate[d] even more strongly against federal displacement of [the] state regulations." Id., at 148. Furthermore, the federal regulations claimed to pre-empt state law were drafted and administered by local organizations and were "designed to do no more than promote orderly competition among the South Florida [avocado] growers." Id., at 151. Here it is sufficiently clear that Congress directed the promulgation of standards on the national level, as well as national enforcement, with vessels having design characteristics satisfying federal law being privileged to carry tank-vessel cargoes in United States waters. [20] From 1950 until the PWSA was enacted, the Coast Guard carried out its port safety program pursuant to a delegation from the President of his authority under the Magnuson Act, 50 U.S. C. § 191. That Act based the President's authority to promulgate rules governing the operation and inspection of vessels upon his determination that the country's national security was endangered. H. R. Rep. No. 92-563, p. 2 (1971) (House Report). The House Committee that considered Title I of the PWSA intended it to broaden the Coast Guard's authority to establish rules for port safety and protection of the environment. The Committee Report states: "The enactment of H. R. 8140 would serve an important dual purpose. First, it would bolster the Coast Guard's authority and capability to handle adequately the serious problems of marine safety and water pollution that confront us today. Second, it would remedy the long-standing problem concerning the statutory basis for the Coast Guard's port safety program." Ibid. [21] Local Coast Guard authorities have published an operating manual containing the vessel traffic system for Puget Sound and explanatory materials. App. 155. [22] The advance notice of proposed rulemaking states: "The Coast Guard is considering amending Part 164 of Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations to require minimum standards for tug assistance for vessels operating in confined waters to reduce the potential for collisions, rammings, and groundings in these areas." 41 Fed. Reg. 18770 (1976). It states that the following factors will be considered in developing the rules: size of vessel, displacement, propulsion, availability of multiple screws or bow thrusters, controllability, type of cargo, availability of safety standards, and actual or predicted adverse weather conditions. Id., at 18771. [23] Appellees insist that the Secretary through his Coast Guard delegates has already exercised his authority to require tugs in Puget Sound to the extent he deems necessary and that the State should therefore not be permitted to impose stricter provisions. Appellees submit letters or other evidence indicating that the local Coast Guard authorities have required tug escorts for carriers of liquefied petroleum gas and on one occasion for another type of vessel. This evidence is not part of the record before us; but even accepting it, we cannot say that federal authorities have settled upon whether and in what circumstances tug escorts for oil tankers in Puget Sound should be required. The entire subject of tug escorts has been placed on the Secretary's agenda, seemingly for definitive action, by the notice of proposed rulemaking referred to in the text. [24] In fact, at the time of trial all tankers entering Puget Sound were required to have a tug escort, for no tanker then afloat had all of the design features required by the Tanker Law. App. 66. [25] We do not agree with appellees' assertion that the tug-escort provision, which is an alternative to the design requirements of the Tanker Law, will exert pressure on tanker owners to comply with the design standards and hence is an indirect method of achieving what they submit is beyond state power under Title II. The cost of tug escorts for all of appellee ARCO's tankers in Puget Sound is estimated at $277,500 per year. While not a negligible amount, it is only a fraction of the estimated cost of outfitting a single tanker with the safety features required by § 88.16.190 (2). The Office of Technology Assessment of Congress has estimated that constructing a new tanker with a double bottom and twin screws, just two of the required features, would add roughly $8.8 million to the cost of a 150,000 DWT tanker. Thus, contrary to the appellees' contention, it is very doubtful that the provision will pressure tanker operators into complying with the design standards specified in § 88.16.190 (2). While the tug provision may be viewed as a penalty for noncompliance with the State's design requirements, it does not "stan[d] as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress." Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52, 67 (1941). The overall effect of § 88.16.190 (2) is to require tankers of over 40,000 DWT to have a tug escort while they navigate Puget Sound, a result in no way inconsistent with the PWSA as it is currently being implemented. [26] It appears that the minimum water depth in Rosario Strait is 60 feet, App. 65, which according to the design standards used by the United States at the 1973 International Conference on Marine Pollution would accommodate vessels well in excess of 120,000 DWT. Id., at 80. [27] During the hearings in the House, for example, Representative Keith expressed concern that States might on their own enact regulations restricting the size of vessels, noting that Delaware had already done so. He stated that "[w]e do not want the States to resort to individual actions that adversely affect our national interest." Hearings on H. R. 867, H. R. 3635, H. R. 8140 before the Subcommittee on Coast Guard, Coast and Geodetic Survey, and Navigation of the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, 92d Cong., 1st Sess., 30 (1971). The Commandant of the Coast Guard, Admiral Bender, responded that the Coast Guard "believe[s] it is preferable for the approach to the problem of the giant tankers in particular to be resolved on an international basis." Ibid. A representative of the Sierra Club testified before the Senate committee considering the PWSA and suggested the advisability of regulations limiting the size of vessels. Hearings on S. 2074 before the Senate Committee on Commerce, 92d Cong., 1st Sess., 78 (1971). In response to this suggestion, Senator Inouye questioned whether the necessary result of such a regulation would not be an increase in the number of tankers, so as to meet the Nation's requirements for oil. The Sierra Club witness acknowledged that there was "some controversy even among the oil company people as to which would be the most hazardous, more smaller ships or fewer bigger ships." Id., at 81. This statement is consistent with the stipulation of facts, App. 84, which states: "Experts differ and there is good faith dispute as to whether the movement of oil by a smaller number of tankers in excess of 125,000 DWT in Puget Sound poses an increased risk of oil spillage compared to the risk from movement of a similar amount of oil by a larger number of smaller tankers in Puget Sound." [28] We find no support for the appellants' position in the other federal environmental legislation they cite, i. e., the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, 86 Stat. 816, 33 U.S. C. § 1251 et seq. (1970 ed., Supp. V); the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, 86 Stat. 1280, 16 U.S. C. § 1451 et seq. (1976 ed.); and the Deepwater Port Act of 1974, 88 Stat. 2126, 33 U.S. C. § 1501 et seq. (1970 ed., Supp. V). While those statutes contemplate cooperative state-federal regulatory efforts, they expressly state that intent, in contrast to the PWSA. Furthermore, none of them concerns the regulation of the design or size of oil tankers, an area in which there is a compelling need for uniformity of decisionmaking. Appellees and the United States as amicus curiae urge that the Tanker Law's size limit also conflicts with the policy of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, 49 Stat. 1985, as amended, 46 U.S. C. § 1101 et seq. (1970 ed. and Supp. V), and the tanker construction program established thereunder by the Maritime Administration in implementation of its duty under the Act to develop an adequate and well-balanced merchant fleet. Under this program the construction of tankers of various sizes is subsidized, including tankers far in excess of 125,000 DWT. The Maritime Administration has rejected suggestions that no subsidies be offered for the building of the larger tankers. There is some force to the argument, but we need not rely on it. [29] Although the District Court did not reach these additional grounds, the issues involved are legal questions, and the record seems sufficiently complete to warrant their resolution here without a remand to the District Court. [1] According to the record, no tanker currently afloat has all the design features prescribed by the Tanker Law. Neither Atlantic Richfield nor Seatrain has plans to modify any tankers currently in operation to satisfy the design standards, "because such retrofit is not economically feasible under current and anticipated market conditions." App. 67. Moreover, the vessels being constructed by Seatrain will not meet the majority of the design requirements, and, as the Court convincingly demonstrates, ante, at 173 n. 25, the Tanker Law is not likely to induce tanker owners to incorporate the specified design features into new tankers. [2] The relevant provision of Title I states: "In order to prevent damage to, or the destruction or loss of any vessel, bridge, or other structure on or in the navigable waters of the United States, or any land structure or shore area immediately adjacent to those waters; and to protect the navigable waters and the resources therein from environmental harm resulting from vessel or structure damage, destruction, or loss, the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating may "(3) control vessel traffic in areas which he determines to be especially hazardous, or under conditions of reduced visibility, adverse weather, vessel congestion, or other hazardous circumstances by "(iii) establishing vessel size and speed limitations and vessel operating conditions . . . ." 33 U.S. C. § 1221 (3) (iii) (1970 ed., Supp. V). [3] The Rosario Strait "size limitation" is not contained in any written rule or regulation, and the record does not indicate how it came into existence. The only reference in the record is the following statement in the stipulation of facts: "The Coast Guard prohibits the passage of more than one 70,000 DWT vessel through Rosario Strait in either direction at any given time. During periods of bad weather, the size limitation is reduced to approximately 40,000 DWT." App. 65. The Puget Sound Vessel Traffic System, 33 CFR Part 161, Subpart B (1976), as amended, 42 Fed. Reg. 29480 (1977), does not contain any size limitation, and the necessity for such a limitation apparently was never considered during the rulemaking process. Sec 38 Fed. Reg. 21228 (1973) (notice of proposed rulemaking); 39 Fed. Reg. 25430 (1974) (summary of comments received during rulemaking). [4] Title I provides in relevant part: "In determining the need for, and the substance of, any rule or regulation or the exercise of other authority hereunder the Secretary shall, among other things, consider "(6) existing vessel traffic control systems, services, and schemes; and "(7) local practices and customs . . . ." 33 U.S. C. § 1222 (e) (1970 ed., Supp. V). [5] The stipulation of facts does not specify when the size rule for Rosario Strait was established. The rule apparently was in force at the time the stipulation was entered, see n. 3, supra, but the Tanker Law had gone into effect prior to that time. [6] The Tanker Law contains the following statement of intent and purpose: "Because of the danger of spills, the legislature finds that the transportation of crude oil and refined petroleum products by tankers on Puget Sound and adjacent waters creates a great potential hazard to important natural resources of the state and to jobs and incomes dependent on these resources. "The legislature also recognizes Puget Sound and adjacent waters are a relatively confined salt water environment with irregular shorelines and therefore there is a greater than usual likelihood of long-term damage from any large oil spill. "The legislature further recognizes that certain areas of Puget Sound and adjacent waters have limited space for maneuvering a large oil tanker and that these waters contain many natural navigational obstacles as well as a high density of commercial and pleasure boat traffic." Wash. Rev. Code § 88.16.170 (Supp. 1975). The natural navigational hazards in the Sound are compounded by fog, tidal currents, and wind conditions, in addition to the high density of vehicle traffic. App. 69. Among the "areas . . . [with] limited space for maneuvering a large oil tanker," referred to by the Washington Legislature, is undoubtedly Rosario Strait. The Strait is less than one-half mile wide at its narrowest point, Exh. G, and portions of the shipping route through the Strait have a depth of only 60 feet. App. 65. (A 190,000 DWT tanker has a draft of approximately 61 feet, and a 120,000 DWT tanker has a draft of approximately 52 feet. Id., at 80.) [7] In addition to finding the Tanker Law's size limit to be inconsistent with the PWSA and federal actions thereunder, the Court suggests that "[t]here is some force to the argument" that the size limit conflicts with the tanker construction program established by the Maritime Administration pursuant to the Merchant Marine Act, 1936. Ante, at 179 n. 28. The Court does not rely on this argument, however, and it is totally lacking in factual basis. While it is true that construction of tankers larger than 125,000 DWT has been subsidized under the program, almost two-thirds of the tankers that have been or are being constructed have been smaller than 125,000 DWT, App. 60; of the remainder, the smallest are 225,000 DWT vessels with drafts well in excess of 60 feettoo large to pass through Rosario Strait, see n. 6, supra, or dock at any of the refineries on Puget Sound (Atlantic Richfield's refinery at Cherry Point has a dockside depth of 55 feet; none of the other five refineries on Puget Sound has sufficient dockside depth even to accommodate tankers as large as 125,000 DWT. App. 47-48, 80). Appellees advance one final argument for invalidating the 125,000 DWT size limit under the Supremacy Clause. Relying on the well-established proposition that federal enrollment and licensing of a vessel give it authority to engage in coastwise trade and to navigate in state waters, Douglas v. Seacoast Products, Inc., 431 U.S. 265, 276, 280-281 (1977); Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, 212-214 (1824), appellees assert that Washington may not exclude from any of its waters tankers that have been enrolled and licensed, or registered, pursuant to the federal vessel registration, enrollment, and licensing laws, 46 U.S. C. §§ 221, 251, 263. Even assuming that registration of a vessel carries with it the same privileges as enrollment and licensing, this argument ignores a proposition as well established as the one relied on by appellees: Notwithstanding the privileges conferred by the federal vessel license, "States may impose upon federal licensees reasonable, nondiscriminatory conservation and environmental protection measures otherwise within their police power." Douglas v. Seacoast Products, Inc., supra, at 277; see, e. g., Huron Portland Cement Co. v. Detroit, 362 U.S. 440 (1960); Manchester v. Massachusetts, 139 U.S. 240 (1891); Smith v. Maryland, 18 How. 71 (1855). The Tanker Law's size limitation appears to be a reasonable environmental protection measure, see n. 8, infra, and it is imposed evenhandedly against both residents and nonresidents of the State. [8] The stipulation quoted by the Court, ante, at 176 n. 27, merely establishes that there is good-faith dispute as to whether exclusion of large tankers will in fact reduce the risk of oil spillage in Puget Sound. A showing that there is conflicting evidence is not sufficient to undercut the presumption that a State's police power has been exercised in a rational manner. See, e. g., Firemen v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co., 393 U.S. 129, 138-139 (1968). [9] Exclusion of tankers larger than 125,000 DWT has not resulted in any reduction in the amount of oil processed at the Puget Sound refineries. App. 68. Moreover, according to the record, use of a 120,000 DWT tanker rather than a 150,000 DWT tanker increases the cost of shipping oil from Valdez, Alaska, to Cherry Point by a mere $.02 to $.04 per barrel, id., at 64; and the record does not specify the relevant cost data for the Persian Gulf-Cherry Point route. Finally, appellees offered no concrete evidence of any significant disruption in their tanker operations, or of any decrease in the market value of the tankers that they own, as a result of the Tanker Law's provisions. [1] Washington Rev. Code § 88.16.190 (2) (Supp. 1975) reads as follows: "(2) An oil tanker, whether enrolled or registered, of forty to one hundred and twenty-five thousand deadweight tons may proceed beyond the points enumerated in subsection (1) if such tanker possesses all of the following standard safety features: "(e) Such other navigational position location systems as may be prescribed from time to time by the board of pilotage commissioners: "Provided, That, if such forty to one hundred and twenty-five thousand deadweight ton tanker is in ballast or is under escort of a tug or tugs with an aggregate shaft horsepower equivalent to five percent of the deadweight tons of that tanker, subsection (2) of this section shall not apply: Provided further, That additional tug shaft horsepower equivalencies may be required under certain conditions as established by rule and regulation of the Washington utilities and transportation commission pursuant to chapter 34.04 RCW: Provided further, That a tanker of less than forty thousand deadweight tons is not subject to the provisions of [this Act]." [2] The Court, ante, at 173, seems to characterize the tug-escort requirement as such a "general rule." [3] The possibility of States' enacting legislation similar to Washington's is not remote. Alaska has enacted legislation requiring payment of a "risk charge" by vessels that do not conform to state design requirements, Alaska Stat. Ann. § 30.20.010 et seq. (Sept. 1977), and California is considering comparable legislation. See Brief for State of California et al. as Amici Curiae 3 n. 2. [4] No matter how small the cost in the individual case, the State's effort here to enforce its general determinations on vessel safety must be viewed as an "obstacle" to the attainment of Congress' objective of providing comprehensive standards for vessel design. See Hines v. Davidowitz, 312 U.S. 52, 67. This does not mean that the State cannot adopt any general rules imposing tug-escort requirements, but it does mean that it cannot condition those requirements on safety determinations that are pre-empted by federal law, thus "impos[ing] additional burdens not contemplated by Congress." De Canas v. Bica, 424 U.S. 351, 358 n. 6. [5] The validity of Washington's tug-escort provision may be short lived, despite today's opinion. The Secretary is now contemplating regulations in this area, and even the majority concedes that they may pre-empt the State's regulation. Ante, at 172. While this lessens the impact of the State's regulation and the threat it poses to the federal scheme, the legal issue is not affected by the imminence of agency action. DocketNumber： 76-930 Citation Numbers： 435 U.S. 151, 98 S. Ct. 988, 55 L. Ed. 2d 179, 1978 U.S. LEXIS 18 Judges： White Filed Date： 3/6/1978 Precedential Status： Precedential Modified Date： 12/5/2017 Authorities (27) Gibbons v. Ogden , 22 U.S. 1 ( 1824 ) Cooley v. Board of Wardens of Port of Philadelphia Ex Rel. ... , 53 U.S. 299 ( 1852 ) Smith v. Maryland , 59 U.S. 71 ( 1855 ) Packet Co. v. Catlettsburg , 105 U.S. 559 ( 1882 ) Spraigue v. Thompson , 118 U.S. 90 ( 1886 ) Manchester v. Massachusetts , 139 U.S. 240 ( 1891 ) Ex Parte Young , 209 U.S. 123 ( 1908 ) Anderson v. Pacific Coast SS Co. , 225 U.S. 187 ( 1912 ) Southern R. Co. v. Railroad Comm'n of Ind. , 236 U.S. 439 ( 1915 ) Charleston & Car. RR v. Varnville Co. , 237 U.S. 597 ( 1915 ) New York Central Railroad Company, Plff. In Err. v. James ... , 244 U.S. 147 ( 1916 ) Penna. RR Co. v. Pub. Service Comm. , 250 U.S. 566 ( 1919 ) Napier v. Atlantic Coast Line R. Co. , 272 U.S. 605 ( 1926 ) Kelly v. Washington Ex Rel. Foss Co. , 302 U.S. 1 ( 1937 ) Hines v. Davidowitz , 312 U.S. 52 ( 1941 ) Cloverleaf Butter Co. v. Patterson , 315 U.S. 148 ( 1942 ) Bethlehem Co. v. State Board , 330 U.S. 767 ( 1947 ) Rice v. Santa Fe Elevator Corp. , 331 U.S. 218 ( 1947 ) Huron Portland Cement Co. v. Detroit , 362 U.S. 440 ( 1960 ) Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Paul , 373 U.S. 132 ( 1963 ) View All Authorities » Ind. Prot. and Adv. Servs. v. Ind. Family and Soc. , 603 F.3d 365 ( 2010 ) American Bank and Trust Co. of Opelousas v. Dent ( 1993 ) Lady v. Neal Glaser Marine , 228 F.3d 598 ( 2000 ) Comer v. Murphy Oil USA , 607 F.3d 1049 ( 2009 ) Dietrich v. Key Bank, N. A. , 72 F.3d 1509 ( 1996 ) Lewis v. Brunswick Corporation , 107 F.3d 1494 ( 1997 ) FL East Coast Railway v. City of West Palm Beach ( 2001 ) Philadelphia v. New Jersey , 437 U.S. 617 ( 1978 ) New York Tel. Co. v. New York Labor Dept. , 440 U.S. 519 ( 1979 ) Milwaukee v. Illinois , 451 U.S. 304 ( 1981 ) Maryland v. Louisiana , 451 U.S. 725 ( 1981 ) United Air Lines, Inc. v. Division of Industrial Safety of ... , 454 U.S. 944 ( 1981 ) Community Communications Co. v. Boulder , 455 U.S. 40 ( 1982 ) Tully v. Mobil Oil Corp. , 455 U.S. 245 ( 1982 ) Edgar v. Mite Corp. , 457 U.S. 624 ( 1982 ) Toll v. Moreno , 458 U.S. 1 ( 1982 ) Arkansas Elec. Coop. Corp. v. Ark. Public Serv. Comm'n , 461 U.S. 375 ( 1983 ) Shaw v. Delta Air Lines, Inc. , 463 U.S. 85 ( 1983 ) Southland Corp. v. Keating , 465 U.S. 1 ( 1984 ) View All Citing Opinions » Disclaimer\| Terms of Use\| Privacy Policy\| Contact Us\| Feedback Copyright © 2021 by eLaws. All rights reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5855
__label__wiki	0.897968	0.897968	USS Watchman (AGR-16) Title: USS Watchman (AGR-16) Subject: Aerospace Defense Command, USS Interdictor (AGR-13), USS Vigil (AGR-12), USS Interpreter (AGR-14), USS Locator (AGR-6) Name: USS Watchman Namesake: One who watches Ordered: as type (Z-EC2-S-C5) hull, MCE hull 2343 Builder: J. A. Jones Construction Co. Inc., Panama City, Florida Yard number: Wainwright yard Laid down: 17 January 1945, as Liberty ship SS Vernon S. Hood Launched: 20 February 1945 Sponsored by: Mrs. Inez Bulifant Acquired: by the U.S. Navy in 1958 Commissioned: 5 January 1959 as USS Watchman (AGR-16) Decommissioned: 1 September 1965 Refit: converted to a Radar Picket Ship at Charleston Naval Shipyard, Charleston, South Carolina Struck: 1 September 1965 Homeport: San Francisco, California Honours and awards: National Defense Service Medal Fate: scrapped, 3 October 1974 Type: Guardian-class radar picket ship Tons burthen: 11,365 tons Length: 441' Beam: 59' Draft: 22' Installed power: two electric generators Propulsion: Two 220 PSI boilers; Filer & Stowell Co., of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, three cylinder triple-expansion reciprocating engine; Single 4 blade, 18' 6" propeller; Shaft Horsepower, 2,500 Speed: 11 knots Capacity: Fuel Oil, 443,646 gals; Diesel, 68,267 gals; Fresh Water, 15,082 gals; Ballast, 1,326,657 gals fresh water Complement: 13 officers, 138 enlisted Armament: two 3"/50 guns USS Watchman (AGR-16/YAGR-16) was a Guardian-class radar picket ship acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1958 from the "mothballed" reserve fleet. She was reconfigured as a radar picket ship and assigned to radar picket duty in the North Pacific Ocean as part of the Distant Early Warning Line. 1 Liberty ship built in Florida 2 World War II-related service 3 Reconfigured as a radar picket 4 Deactivation 5 Honors and awards Liberty ship built in Florida SS Vernon S. Hood was laid down under a U.S. Maritime Commission contract (MCE hull 2343) on 17 January 1945 at the Wainwright yard of the J. S. Jones Construction Co. in Panama City, Florida; launched on 20 February 1945; sponsored by Mrs. Inez Bulifant; and delivered to the Maritime Commission on 7 March 1945. World War II-related service Following a shakedown cruise in the Gulf of Mexico, the freighter was turned over to the Overtakes Freight Corporation to be operated by that firm under a contract with the Maritime Commission. During her brief period of active operations with the Maritime Commission, 1945 to 1947, she also served under contract with the Moore-McCormack Lines. Later that year, she was placed out of service and was berthed with the National Defense Reserve Fleet at James River, Virginia. Reconfigured as a radar picket The ship remained there until mid-1958 when she was taken over by the Navy and converted to a radar picket ship at the Charleston Naval Shipyard (South Carolina). During conversion, she was renamed Watchman and received the designation YAGR-16. However, that designation was changed to AGR-16 before she completed her conversion late in the year. On 5 January 1958, Watchman was placed in commission at Charleston, Lt. Comdr. Irvin Boaz in command. Watchman conducted shakedown training in the Guantanamo Bay operating area during February. Following post-shakedown availability at Charleston from 5 to 18 March, she completed repairs and got underway for the U.S. West Coast. After transiting the Panama Canal and visiting Acapulco, Mexico, she arrived in her new home port --San Francisco, California—on 11 April. Assigned to the Continental Air Defense Command, she served as one of several radar picket ships operating as seaborne extensions of the command's contiguous radar coverage system. She operated from her base at San Francisco during her entire naval career, spending an average of 200 days per year actually at sea engaged in picket patrols. That routine continued until 1 September 1965, at which time she and the remaining AGR's were placed out of commission. Her name was struck from the Navy List that same day, and she was returned to the Maritime Administration for lay up with the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay, California. She remained there until 3 October 1974 when she was sold to American Ship Dismantlers for scrapping. Watchman personnel qualified for the following medal: National Defense Service Medal Radar picket This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here. NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - AGR-16 Watchman Liberty ships, names beginning with "V" Vachel Lindsay Van Lear Black Vernon L. Kellogg Vernon L. Parrington Vernon S. Hood Victor C. Vaughan Victor F. Lawson Vincent Harrington Virginia Dare Vitus Bering Guardian-class radar picket ships Interdictor List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy Ship infoboxes without an image WorldHeritage articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Ships built in Florida 1945 ships World War II merchant ships of the United States Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States Hampton Roads, Washington, D.C., Richmond, Virginia, Norfolk, Virginia, American Civil War Bay County, Florida, Florida, City, United States, Country music Charleston, South Carolina, American Civil War, Columbia, South Carolina, United States, Florida South Carolina, North Charleston, South Carolina, Charleston County, South Carolina, Berkeley County, South Carolina, College of Charleston Aerospace Defense Command Strategic Air Command, Tenth Air Force, Eastern Air Defense Force, Continental Air Command, Western Air Defense Force USS Interdictor (AGR-13) Charleston, South Carolina, Virginia, Panama City, Florida, Pacific Ocean, Charleston Naval Shipyard USS Vigil (AGR-12) Panama City, Florida, National Defense Reserve Fleet, New England, Panama Canal, Mobile, Alabama USS Interpreter (AGR-14) Panama City, Florida, Liberty ship, Radar picket ship, Caribbean, United States Navy USS Locator (AGR-6) Charleston, South Carolina, Panama City, Florida, Radar picket ship, Panama Canal, United States	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5861
__label__wiki	0.578492	0.578492	A&E Biography – Mobsters: Series 3 (2011) 4of6 Mafia Cops Keep your friends close…and your enemies closer. They are the men whose life stories read like the script of a Hollywood gangster movie: made men, Mafiosi… mobsters. It is a profession where promotion can be achieved at the pull of a trigger and where the spoils of success can be unimaginable wealth. It is also a way of life where your closest allies may prove to be your most dangerous foes and where the penalties for failure can mean life in prison – or even worse. Mobsters features the true stories behind the mob legends that have ruthlessly clawed and fought their way to their own precarious versions of the American Dream. Investigating their violent lives, their struggles to grab and hold on to power, wealth and prestige, as well as ultimately, their violent deaths, as justice prevails. Season 3 examines the lives of six notorious gangsters – Danny Greene, “Big Joey” Massino, Tommy “Karate” Pitera, Anthony “Gaspipe” Casso, and Albert Anastasia – as well as the “Mafia cops” Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa. These men all created a reputation for themselves among their peers, reaching legendary status in the criminal underworld. This series gives an insight to life as a gangster that goes behind the “glamorous” perceptions as sometimes portrayed in modern movies and paints a real picture of life in the mob in all its gritty, harsh reality. Produced by Towers Productions, Inc. for BIO, The Biography Channel Part 1: Danny Greene An Irishman through and through, Danny Greene’s brazen, Celtic-warrior attitude brought him into fiery conflict with the Cleveland mafia throughout the 1960s and ’70s, resulting in a bombing war that would eventually destroy them both. He began his criminal career as president of the Cleveland dockworkers union, quickly transforming the port into a lucrative racket–and himself into a feared Irish mobster. Part 2: “Big Joey” Massino After New York’s Bonanno mob family was nearly destroyed by an undercover FBI agent, Joseph “Big Joey” Massino brought them back to prominence and became the only major Mafia boss left on the streets…the “Last Don.” Part 3: Tommy “Karate” Pitera In the 1980’s, Tommy Pitera became one of the most violent made men of all time, but betrayal by one of his closest friends would bring the mob killer to justice. He was considered a different kind of tough guy because unlike other mob hitmen and henchmen, he used karate on his victims and enemies. This earned him the nickname Tommy “Karate” Pitera. Part 4: “Mafia Cops”: Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa This episode tells the story of how why, where, and when they became two of the most corrupt cops in the New York Police Department’s history. In the 1980s, New York City cops Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa were secretly working as hired guns for the Mafia in a scheme that would go down as the worst case of police corruption in NYPD history. Part 5: Anthony “Gaspipe” Casso During the 1970s, Anthony “Gaspipe” Casso rose through the ranks of the New York Mafia to become underboss of the Lucchese family, raking in millions of dollars through elaborate scams and killing anyone who got in his way. Part 6: Albert Anastasia Albert Anastasia, dubbed the Lord High Executioner of the Underworld, is the subject of this installment of the series. As leader of Murder, Inc., Albert Anastasia was one of the most vicious and feared mob bosses of the twentieth century. Italian-born Albert Anastasia jumped ship in Brooklyn in 1919, when he was 15 years old. Hardened by life’s injustices, Anastasia killed a fellow longshoreman and was recruited by the mob while on death row. Downloadable Links Fast LinkNetuTVDdownloadMixloadsTurbobitHitfile Netflix – Drug Lords: Season 1 (2017) 3of4 Frank Lucas: Heroin Kings of New York BBC – Evita: The Making of a Superstar (2018) BBC – Rule Britannia! Music, Mischief and Morals (2016) 2of3 Channel 4 – Interview with a Murderer (2016) History Channel – Coast new Zealand (2016) 2of6 East Cape BBC – The Victorian Slum: Series 1 (2016) 2of5 The 1870s A&E – The Spy who Raised Me (2018) A&E – In Search Of: Season 1 (2018) Artificial Intelligence A&E – In Search Of: Season 1 (2018) Time Travel A&E – In Search Of: Season 1 (2018) Sinkholes A&E – Cults and Extreme Belief: Season 1 (2018) Episode 7 FLDS A&E – Cults and Extreme Belief: Season 1 (2018) Episode 6 Twelve Tribes	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5862
__label__wiki	0.562665	0.562665	Horsehead (now on video) Review by Charles Cassady, Jr. This, un film de Romain Basset, was conceived under the working title "Fever" - which is much more apt for the feverish stream of surreal horror imagery, seemingly in tribute to yesteryear's hallucinatory Italian "giallo" cinema exemplified by cult-darling directors Dario Argento, Lucio Fulci, Michele Soavi (especially) and the father-son team of Mario and Lamberto Bava. Only here there's even less of a solid plot, if possible. Out-and-out horror films are a rarity in French cinema, to the point that a lot of the genre's Gallic fear-fests default to surrealist Jean Cocteau and his ORPHEUS and BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. Well, HORSEHEAD isn't near that good, but one can at least see a certain influence in the thin plot, most of which appears to be a string of nightmares. A grandmother's funeral compels sylph-like Jessica (Lilly-Fleur Pointeaux) to reluctantly return to her family home and uncomfortable reunion with her mother (essayed by veteran Euro-shock actress Catriona MacColl). A disciple of "lucid dreaming," Jessica suffers repeated nightmares of a horse-headed apparition, obviously inspired by the fearsome steed in Fuseli's painting "The Nightmare" (that's the one with the little gremlin-like guy sitting on a girl's chest. And no, the gremlin-like fellow doesn't show up here. Maybe the sequel). These intensify as she overnights with her grandmother's corpse in the very same house, and Jessica "investigates" in her sleep, triggering flashbacks to her female ancestor's involvement in an occult-fertility ceremony involving some kind of nasty quasi-Catholic cult called St. Winston's Chapel. Is Jessica Destined To Give birth To The AntiChrist? Or possibly the AntiAntiChrist (which would be the Christ2). Or maybe she just doesn't get along with mom. Really, any interpretation is fair game, just as long as Horsehead trots in every so often and acts ominous, until Jessica faces the spectral animal in a showdown. Some really transfixing visuals are accomplished on a thin budget, but I won't knicker against neigh-sayers who agree that there's not much going on here. But I do hope Basset continues to forge on; maybe his next script will be a horse of a different color. (1 3/4 out of 4 stars) Posted by Charles Cassady Jr. at 3:00 PM Labels: Charles Cassady Jr., Cleveland OH, foreign, French, horror, Horsehead, Movie Review, Romain Basset Bob Ignizio July 29, 2015 at 3:34 PM While I completely get where you're coming from, I personaly loved this movie. For my money, it does a remarkable job of capturing the spirit of the seventies Italian horror flicks, with their complete and utter disregard for logic or storytelling conventions in favor of symbolism and atmosphere. In particular I was reminded of Argento's 'Suspiria' (could the character name 'Jessica' be a nod to Jessica Harper, star of that film?), and the basic structure is a similar search for secrets, only brought down to the smaller scale of a dysfunctional family rather than a whole girl's dance academy. I also was reminded of Tarsem Singh's divisive 'The Cell', another visually compelling, heavily symbolic horror film that doesn't play to well if you're mainly focusing on the plot. As for what the film is about, I don't think it's nearly as up for grabs as you say. I would posit that at it's core, the film is about the poisoning effect of keeping secrets from one's family.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5863
__label__wiki	0.629818	0.629818	WHAT TO BUY A GAMER FOR CHRISTMAS? David Andrews November 15, 2017 GAMES, JESSICAS-JOURNEY, PRODUCTS When it comes down to recommending gifts for gamers, there’s never an exact science at coming up with gifts that will work for everyone. People are different and have their own personal tastes, so no guide is going to be one hundred percent perfect. In the end, all you can do is consider the options and base them on the tastes of those people you’re buying the gifts for. So, without any further ado, let’s get to it, shall we? Technical Recommendations: For those that are not familiar with Nintendo’s recent history, the Switch is the successor to the company’s lackluster Wii U, offering a unique premise: a strong console that works both at home, on the big screen, and on-the-go. Essentially The Switch is a gaming tablet with detachable controllers (boasting other peripherals as well) that you can plug into a dock and enjoy on any TV via a HDMI cable, or alternatively play from the comfort of pretty much anywhere you want to take it. The Switch ditches disc based media in favor of speedy SD card-type cartridges, and makes good use of the Nintendo eShop, as there are already some big ticket games available for you to purchase. This ranges from Zelda: Breath of the Wild, Mario Kart 8 Deluxe, Splatoon 2, and the newly-released Super Mario Odyssey. Games like Skyrim on-the-go also gives this system an edge over traditional systems that is honestly pretty hard to compete with. Plus, if you’re lucky, you may be able to track down one of the special bundles, like the Splatoon 2 Edition, or Super Mario Odyssey Edition, which come with special controllers, carrying cases, and a redeemable code for one of the aforementioned titles. Steam Link The Steam Link is actually a really great piece of PC gaming hardware as it gives you the ability to stream any game off of your computer to whatever TV you want via your in-home network. What the Link does is connect with your gaming PC, launch games from there, and stream it to whatever TV it’s connected to. It will let you enjoy games wherever you want, and it's an easy way to show off some of the latest titles to friends and family on a big screen. This piece of kit also has the benefit of simplifying the PC gaming experience by making it more accessible, giving you a console-like experience with a bit more horsepower. NES Classic & SNES Classic Yep, Nintendo products made this list twice, but honestly the company has had a great year. In 2016, they released the insanely-popular NES classic - a mini version of the popular home system that comes with 30 of the system’s most popular titles. With the production run having been limited, the system was hard to find, but Nintendo has committed to a second production run to make it available for those wanting it in time for this Holiday season. Following suit, the SNES Classic Edition (released back in September) features a stellar line-up of classics from the 1990s, including now for the very first time an official release of “Star Fox 2”. Those who follow the emulation community may have played an unofficial beta of the game, but now it has been officially translated and released on this new mini system. GeForce GTX 10 Series GPUs It may seem a bit odd to recommend a piece of computer hardware as a gift, but if you have a friend or family member who is big into PC gaming, NVIDIA’s Pascal cards are hard to beat. The great thing here is the fact that there are cards for all levels of performance, ranging from the solid GTX 1050 for as low as $119.99, all the way up to the ultra-enthusiast 1080 Ti and Titan cards. There are some solid options all across the spectrum, with the GTX 1070 and 1080 sitting in a sweet spot in terms of price for performance. Obviously, buying something like a GTX 1070 is still a lot of money, but the reason it makes this list is because the XBOX One X has hit the market and is pushing console gaming to a new level of performance, costing $499.99. For that much money, it’s hard not to recommend that you consider a GTX 1070 (which go for as low as $399.99) because of the versatility that might afford versus buying the One X. Game Recommendations: The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (Wii U & Switch) An open-world Zelda experience that takes the series’ gameplay to a whole new level with a massive landscape and a wonderful story to enjoy. The game also has optional DLC that can be purchased to further expand the experience. By the way, have I mentioned that as of this writing the game is now in the top 5 of the highest rated games of all time? Quern Undying Thoughts (PC) This is a wonderful puzzle / adventure game that takes a lot of inspiration from the wildly-successful Myst franchise and presents a unique and satisfying experience. This is highly recommended for anyone that enjoyed the older Myst titles or is a fan of puzzle games and strange, breathtaking scenery! Super Mario Odyssey (Nintendo Switch) This brand-new Mario adventure takes a ton of inspiration from the likes of Super Mario 64, Super Mario Sunshine, and Super Mario 3D World, and combines them with the open-world mentality of Breath of the Wild to produce a massive adventure that everyone should enjoy. There’s an incredible 999 Power Moons to collect, a large variety of “kingdoms” for Mario and his new friend Cappy to adventure through, and for the first time in the series, a clear picture of what the wider Mushroom World looks like. Oh, and this is currently the highest rated game of all time! Assassin’s Creed Origins (PS4, XB1, & PC) The tenth major installment in the popular series takes players back to the time of Ptolemiac Egypt where they will embark on another adventure filled with intrigue, deadly encounters, and mystery, all the while discovering the origins of the first Assassin. Open-world adventuring and a deep plot will keep you entertained for a long time. Anyway, those are my thoughts on the topic. So please stay tuned for more crafty content coming your way, care of Jessica's Journey, as written by Joypad Jess from NerdyButFlirty.com. WHAT TO BUY A GAMER FOR CHRISTMAS? Reviewed by David Andrews on November 15, 2017 Rating: 5	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5864
__label__wiki	0.974667	0.974667	Willie Banks, No Pressure - 2 Originally published Oct. 24, 2012 This call from Willie Banks this 1991 night was to his mother. The occasion was his first call to the big leagues. But it was other calls, and her simply raising him to be the man he became, that helped get him there in the first place, he told The Los Angeles Times. "She was the one I would call during all the low points," Banks told The Times of his run-up to the bigs. "I remember after one bad game in Double-A, I was about to cry over the phone. She gave me a pep talk, told me not to put too much pressure on myself." From that upbringing and that first trip to the majors, Banks went on to pitch in a total of nine big league seasons, part of a professional career that spanned more than two decades. Banks' career began in 1987, taken by the Twins in the first round, third pick overall, out of St. Anthony's High School in Jersey City. He started at rookie Elizabethton, moving to single-A Kenosha in 1988 and then AA Orlando full time in 1990. He made AAA Portland in 1991 then, that July 31, Banks made Minnesota. With the Twins in 1991, Banks got into five games, starting three. He went 1-1, with a 5.71 ERA. He returned 16 more outings, 12 starts, in 1992, then 30 starts for the Twins in 1993. He went 11-12 in 1993, with a 4.04 ERA. For 1994, Banks went to the Cubs in a trade, going 8-12 on the shortened season. In one late EJune start, Banks set down 20-straight batters in a Cubs win, after 11 days off. "I felt too strong after those days off," Banks told The Associated Press after the win. He told his pitching coach the same thing. "He said, 'Better too strong than too weak.' He had a point there." Banks returned to the Cubs for 1995, moving mid-year to the Dodgers and then the Marlins. He's not recorded as playing in 1996, out due to injury, but returned in 1997 to play five games with the Yankees. His return to the Yankees saw him pick up a save in September, saving a win for his idol Dwight Gooden, The New York Daily News wrote. He had also been a childhood fan of the Yankees. "I kind of feel like break-dancing," Banks told The Daily News. "Everything I've pretty much wished for, happened in one night." Banks went on to play in three more major league seasons, in 1998 with the Yankees, and in 2001 and 2002 with the Red Sox. Banks played one more year in the minors, then moved to independent ball, at Newark, with the Bears. Then his mother died, the one he had leaned on so much growing up and early in his career. He then left baseball, and pretty much everything else, according to The Bergen County Record. In 2009, though, he returned to baseball and the Bears, and again for 2010. "Baseball was always that outlet for me to release everything," Banks told The Record in May 2010. "And without baseball, I'll be honest with you, I wouldn't be nobody. ... That's what I do. That's what I am. And I love the game. I’m going to play it till this arm falls off." Los Angeles Times, Aug. 3, 1991: Pitcher Goes Home to Big Leagues Warsaw Times-Union, Associated Press, June 28, 1994: Cubs' Banks Stops Pirates' Win Streak New York Daily News, Sept. 10, 1997: Banks Saves Yanks Bergen County Record, May 16, 2010: Willie Banks: Returning to baseball saved my life	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5865
__label__cc	0.515084	0.484916	Home News Senator Ron Johnson On Objecting to Electors: Joe Biden’s Victory ‘Is Inevitable’ Senator Ron Johnson On Objecting to Electors: Joe Biden’s Victory ‘Is Inevitable’ by Pam Key Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI) said Thursday during an interview on CNBC’s “Squawk Box” that Sen. Josh Hawley’s (R-MO) objection during the Electoral College certification process next week will fail. Johnson said, “There’s a lot of misinformation on both sides. Some people on our side think just one House member, one senator objects, it immediately goes to a vote of the states, and then because we have more states in the House of Representatives, Trump can get re-elected. That’s not what happens.” He added, “What happens is every member of the Senate, every member of the House votes to accept or reject that state’s slate of electors. I can’t imagine any scenario in which any House Democrats will vote to reject Joe Biden electors. So I think the result is inevitable.” Continue Reading at Breitbart.com…	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5870
__label__wiki	0.553023	0.553023	DocumentaryTube 26 Delicious Chocolate Facts You Should Know Aleksandar Mishkov/ published 3 years ago Chocolate was first invented by the Aztecs, who made chocolate from ground cacao seeds. They added seasonings so that they can product spicy and frothy drink Let’s start from the beginning. The history of chocolate dates back more than 3,000 years ago. Chocolate was first invented by the Aztecs, who made chocolate from ground cacao seeds. They added seasonings so that they can product spicy and frothy drink. At the beginning, chocolate was actually a drink. Therefore, even the name chocolate suggests that. The name comes from the word “chocolatl”, a word Aztecs used to describe chocolate. The word itself, comes from the two words “xocos” which means sour or bitter, and “atl”, which is water or drink. As you can see, in the beginning, chocolate was not a sweet delight. But when Spaniards brought cacao to Europe in the 16th century, things evolved. So, how did we get here? Let’s check some fun and delicious chocolate facts. - The English company Cadbury was responsible for making the first chocolate bar. That happened in 1842 - Cacao originated from South and Central America. However, nowadays, things changed. More than 70% of the cacao used for chocolate is grown in Africa, with Cote D’Ivoire the single largest producer - If you want to drink wine with chocolate, go for red wine. Sparkling wines and champagne are too acidic for chocolate. The same goes for white wine. Therefore, red wine compliments chocolate the best - Cacao trees produce 2,500 beans per tree. And it takes one cacao tree four years to start producing beans. As for chocolate production, it takes 400 beans to produce one pound of chocolate - Speaking of cacao trees, the good news is that they have long lifespan, and can live up to 200 years. The bad news is that they produce cocoa beans for only 25 years - The Hershey kiss is one of the most popular chocolate bars nowadays. They were first produced in 1907. In the beginning, they were shaped like a square. It wasn’t until 1921 that they got the current shape. Nowadays, Hershey produces more than 70 million kisses per day - In the early years, chocolate was reserved for the elite and high class people. But thanks to the Industrial revolution and the technological advances of it, chocolate became available to everyone - Nowadays, chocolate is one of the most popular industries. In fact, more than 50 million people depend on cacao production and cacao for their livelihood - Chocolate has always been associated with mythical powers. Historians have associated chocolate with magical powers, but also with medicinal properties. In Latin, the cacao trees are called “theobroma cacao”. The term translates to “food of the gods” - More on the “powers of chocolate”. Fernando Pessoa, a famous Portuguese poet, once famously wrote “There is no metaphysics on Earth like chocolate” - The first milk chocolate was created in 1875. Daniel Peter from Switzerland found a way to mix condensed milk with chocolate to create milk chocolate. His friend Henri Nestle produced the milk, and that is how Nestle became the most popular chocolate factory - Cadbury, in addition to producing the first chocolate bar, once sold produced chocolate as a beverage. They marketed drinking chocolate as an alternative to alcohol - Rodolphe Lindt, another popular name in the chocolate business, discovered conching. This process is essential for refining chocolate, and he discovered it because his assistant left a machine running all night. Some things just happen by accident - The Catholic Church associated chocolate with heretical behavior. But the views have changed over time - Nazis used chocolate during World War II to create bombs, and to lure Jews. They created exploding chocolate covered bombs. They also used chocolate to lure Jews onto cattle cars - Ruth Wakefield invented the first chocolate chip cookie in 1938. After she invented the cookie, Nestle bought the recipe for one dollar and a lifetime supply of Nestle chocolate. Her cookie, however, is the official cookie of the state of Massachusetts - In Switzerland, people eat the most chocolate. Citizens of the country eat 22 pounds of chocolate per person per year. Australia follows with 20 pounds, while Ireland is third on that list with 19 pounds per person per year - In Germany, you can find the largest cuckoo clock made out of chocolate - In Indonesia, there is a 20-foot statue of a pair of hands holding a cacao pod. But you can understand that, as chocolate is one of the most important things in Indonesia. Most of the farmers live by producing cacao beans - The largest box of chocolates was created in 2008 in London. Thorntons create a box standing at 16.5 feet tall and 11.5 feet wide. There were more than 220,000 chocolates inside. The box weighted 4,805 pounds - More for Guinness records. The most expensive chocolate is “Madelina”. Fritz Knipschildt created the chocolate - The cacao beans contain 300 different flavors and 400 separate aromas - Mayans viewed chocolate as a bridge between hell and heaven. Therefore, they gave sacrificial victims chocolate drink. The drink was mixed with blood, as Mayans believed blood will convert the victim’s heart into a cacao pod. Humans were actually sacrificed in Mayan civilization to guarantee good cacao harvest - Montezuma II, the 9th emperor of the Aztecs is known as The Chocolate King. He was one of the most powerful men in the world, and at the height of his power, he had more than billion cacao beans stashed. Back in that time, cacao beans were used as currency - The first machine-made chocolate was produced in 1780 in Barcelona, Spain - Madame du Barry, one of the most famous nymphomaniacs, encouraged her lovers to drink chocolate. She did this so that they can keep up with her. She believed chocolate will give them energy Most of us have heard about the “I Have a Dream” speech by Martin Luther King. But that is not the only speech that completely changed humanity.Words and their delivery c... Rare Craft Roadshow - The Balvenie In this documentary, we follow two of Balvenie’s US ambassadors, Andrew Weir and Nicholas Pallocchi, as they make their epic road trip across the US. They make the trip in ... How the Netherlands became a kingdom? Did you know that Napoleon Bonaparte played a huge role in making the Netherlands a kingdom? Napoleon sent his brother Louis Napoleon Bonaparte to rule over the Netherlands a... A Bite of China - The Taste of Time Chinese cuisine got some bad reputation in the past year or so. After all, a man buying some bats from a flea market started the Covid-19 pandemic.But Chinese cuisine is more... Night of Broken Glass – The Beginning of the Holocaust More than 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed, and 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps Five Civilian Heroes of World War II You Need to Know About Schindler’s List is a true story movie made about Oscar. But there were many others who tried to help people in need. ... The Nuremberg Trials – Things You Didn’t Know The Nuremberg trials took place between 1945 and 1949. There were 13 trials carried out for the purpose of bringing Nazi... Masada – One of the Most Impressive Ruins on the Planet The ruins date back thousands of years. At one point in history, they served as the palace of King Herod. Even though th...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5872
__label__wiki	0.574499	0.574499	As if he didn't know enough about movies and pop culture already, Nate McKenzie read the latest Shea Serrano book Movies (and Other Things)... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/book-movies-and-other-things.html Be careful what you wish for... Nate McKenzie watched the short film Fear Wish, written and directed by Zak White and Todd Spence... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/short-film-fear-wish.html Ren Zelen sinks her teeth into Gothic classics with a re-examination of Gatiss & Moffat’s Dracula vs Bram Stoker’s Vampire lore... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/tv-dracula_14.html What’s black and white with 2020 Vision? Alan Henderson’s Penned Guins are back with a new collection currently available for pre-order on Kickstarter. Susan Omand takes a look... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/book-penned-guin-presents-vision.html "You see people, I see assets." We see that Steve Taylor-Bryant is watching Treadstone on Amazon Prime... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/tv-treadstone.html With far too many plot strands to keep track of, confusion over what a UK Christmas number one is, bad accents, biscuits and not enough nudity (don't ask) we catch up with our bestest podcast buddies at Was This Always Weird and let them know that we feel it in our fingers, we feel it in our toes... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/podcast-was-this-always-weird-love.html "How do you make an animated Will Smith look like Will Smith? Moreover, how do you make an animated pigeon look like the animated Will Smith who looks like Will Smith?" Susan Omand reads The Art of Spies in Disguise, out now from Titan Books... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/book-art-of-spies-in-disguise.html Today is the 211th birthday of Edgar Allan Poe. To celebrate, our own Gothic maestra Ren Zelen examines The Fall of the House of Usher... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/book-edgar-allan-poe.html The Chinese Visual Festival is screening some of the very best of Chinese language cinema across the UK to celebrate the upcoming Chinese New Year. Coming to Regent Street Cinema in London and CCA in Glasgow this month, Tony Cross watched The Wild Goose Lake... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/film-wild-goose-lake.html and coming to BFI Southbank in London and Summerhall in Edinburgh, Tony Cross watched the documentary Four Springs... https://www.thedreamcage.com/2020/01/documentary-four-springs.html On 26th December 2019, 627 pieces of Classic Doctor Who content were made available to Britbox subscribers. Every Sunday in 2020, our Doctor Who expert, Tony Cross, looks back at some of the classic stories. Here are this week's First Doctor adventures... The Sensorites (6 Episodes) Planet Of Giants (3 Episodes) The Dalek Invasion Of Earth (6 Episodes) The Brit Award Nominees got announced over the weekend. Susan Omand takes a look at the list and picks her winners... https://www.albiemedia.com/2020/01/opinion-brits-nominations.html "I thought long and hard about this week’s choice. And then did it again, and again." Jimmy Hunter has a decision to make for this week's #SotD80... https://www.albiemedia.com/2020/01/sotd80-prince.html "Tanita Tikaram is one of those artists I’m instantly drawn to." Thirty years on from release, Steve Taylor-Bryant looks back at The Sweet Keeper... https://www.albiemedia.com/2020/01/turn-that-noise-down-tanita-tikaram.html Another welcome return for the month, to add some diet-friendly fun back into January, #NotBaconBits is back and we're looking for more of your suggestions. Here's this week's chain... From Screaming Trees to Annie Lennox to The Shamen to Buddy Rich to Kaleo to Pavarotti to Garland Jeffreys to Ramones to Nick Lowe Thanks to everyone who contributed #NotBaconBits ideas this week - keep visiting @AlbieMediaAM on Twitter every day to join in with your own ideas for the rest of the month! @CircusJump_	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5874
__label__wiki	0.965196	0.965196	Gary Coleman RIP From the LA TIMES Gary Coleman, who soared to fame in the late 1970s as the child star of the hit sitcom "Diff'rent Strokes" and whose post-TV-series life included a stint as a shopping mall security guard and an unlikely run for California governor, died Friday. He was 42. The diminutive Coleman, whose adult height was 4 feet 8 inches, died at Utah Valley Regional Medical Center in Provo after suffering an intracranial hemorrhage earlier this week, according to a statement from hospital spokeswoman Janet Frank. A resident of Santaquin, Utah, Coleman had been hospitalized Wednesday and lost consciousness the next day. He was taken off life support Friday afternoon with his family at his side, the hospital said. Born with failed kidneys, Coleman had undergone two transplants by age 14 and his growth was permanently stunted by the side effects of dialysis medications. » Don't miss a thing. Get breaking news alerts delivered to your inbox. He was a precocious, chubby-cheeked elementary school student living in Zion, Ill., when a scout for TV producer Norman Lear spotted him in a Chicago bank commercial. The exceptionally bright, talented and self-confident Coleman was 10 when "Diff'rent Strokes" debuted on NBC in 1978. As the lovably outspoken 8-year-old Arnold Jackson, he was the comedic centerpiece of the series about two Harlem sons of a black housekeeper whose white boss, a wealthy widower, takes them into his Park Avenue penthouse after her death and later adopts them. The cast of the sitcom, which ended its eight-season run in 1986 after switching to ABC, included Conrad Bain as the wealthy Philip Drummond; Todd Bridges as Arnold's older brother, Willis; Dana Plato as Drummond's daughter, Kimberly; and Charlotte Rae as Mrs. Garrett, Drummond's new housekeeper. "Its appeal rests chiefly on Gary, a black Pillsbury Doughboy, tiny and cuddly with a face like a pincushion," The Times' Howard Rosenberg wrote in 1979. "At 50 pounds and belt-buckle high, he's small enough to be a Christmas tree ornament. But from his mouth come words … well, you just have to be there." In a 1979 TV Guide article headlined "Small Wonder," Coleman was described as having "the comic delivery" of Jack Benny, Groucho Marx and Richard Pryor. "When he walks onto a stage, something has happened, and you feel it," Lear told TV Guide. "That's called presence, and it's rare. Many important actors, even stars, don't have it. Gary does." The scene-stealing Coleman quickly became a pop-culture icon, whose recurring line "Whatchoo talkin' 'bout, Willis?" became a national catchphrase. Praised by comedy legends Bob Hope and Lucille Ball, Coleman was in big demand for TV talk shows. He more than held his own during his first appearance on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" in 1978, which led Carson to jokingly ask his young guest, "What night are you available for guest host?" At the height of his TV series success, Coleman reportedly earned $64,000 per week and is said to have made $18 million during his TV heyday. Born Feb. 8, 1968, Coleman was the adopted son of W.G. (Willie) and Edmonia Sue Coleman, who, according to a 1990 Times article, brought him home from a Chicago hospital when he was four days old. It was not until 18 months later, The Times reported, that the Colemans were told that Gary had been born with one atrophied kidney and that the other would soon fail. In 1989, Coleman sued his parents and his former business manager, Anita DeThomas, for allegedly stealing more than $1 million from him. The Colemans and DeThomas countersued for defamation and breach of contract. The legal battle ended in 1993 when, Variety reported, a Santa Monica Superior Court judge awarded Gary Coleman $1.28 million and ruled that his parents and manager had wrongfully profited as his guardians and managers during five years while he was a minor. Coleman's acting career as an adult fell far short of his "Diff'rent Strokes" glory days. He made only occasional guest appearances and had mostly small roles in films and TV movies. Coleman, who filed for bankruptcy in 1999, also worked as a commercial pitchman, was hired to have his likeness and voice used in a mature-rated video game and ran a video-game arcade in Marina del Rey, among other things. The adult Coleman also had a few encounters with the law that put his face back in the news, including allegedly punching an aggressive and much-larger female autograph hunter in the late 1990s, for which he was fined and ordered to take anger-management classes. In February, he accepted a plea deal in Utah on domestic violence charges stemming from an incident the previous year between him and his wife, Shannon Price. Coleman was fined $595 and ordered to take classes on avoiding domestic violence. Coleman's profile as a "former child star" reached its peak in 2003, the year he gave permission to a Bay Area alternative weekly newspaper to jokingly nominate him for governor in California's gubernatorial recall election. He was among 135 candidates in the election, a colorful field that included L.A. billboard queen Angelyne, comedian Gallagher, Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt and porn star Mary "Mary Carey" Cook. A New York Times writer wrote that Coleman "had become the poster child of the California freak show that is the governor's recall election." Coleman, the Washington Post reported, "has walked a line of believing in his own legitimacy and mocking it." "My slogan," Coleman told the Post, "is I'm the least qualified guy for the job, but I'd probably do the best job." Coleman, an independent who later appeared on CNN to say he was endorsing fellow actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, received 12,683 votes, placing eighth in the race that saw Schwarzenegger elected. "I want to escape that legacy of Arnold Jackson," Coleman told the New York Times during his run. "I'm someone more. It would be nice if the world thought of me as something more." Posted by Unknown at Friday, May 28, 2010 Labels: gary coleman rip Clicking Here tramadol overnight cod delivery - tramadol 100mg dose adidas shoes online nike max shoes Hope someone does this tonight.... UFC 114 odds...who ya got? Starting off right $ 20.00 Movie Tickets !!!!!!! Is Dora the Explorer an illegal immigrant? Its a sunny Friday Tell us how you really feel Rima Fakih Thanks Again to everyone... Text of the week: 3rd Annual Mustache Pub crawl Stache-tastic Darts update 1st round of the playoffs MPC 3 - CHANGES... Drank... B's tonight... Chilly start to the week Hot Pot Buffett Darts Week 14 update Muggy Monday	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5875
__label__wiki	0.959484	0.959484	Photo: Ali Torkzadeh.com Source: Wall-PapersToday.com Iran, August 20, 2012 Iran bans women from universities: Female students in Iran have been barred from more than 70 university degree courses in an officially-approved act of sex-discrimination which critics say is aimed at defeating the fight for equal women's rights. In a move that has prompted a demand for a UN investigation by Iran's most celebrated human rights campaigner, the Nobel laureate Shirin Ebadi, 36 universities have announced that 77 BA and BSc courses in the coming academic year will be "single gender" and effectively exclusive to men. It follows years in which Iranian women students have outperformed men, a trend at odds with the traditional male-dominated outlook of the country's religious leaders. Women outnumbered men by three to two in passing this year's university entrance exam. Senior clerics in Iran's theocratic regime have become concerned about the social side-effects of rising educational standards among women, including declining birth and marriage rates. Under the new policy, women undergraduates will be excluded from a broad range of studies in some of the country's leading institutions, including English literature, English translation, hotel management, archaeology, nuclear physics, computer science, electrical engineering, industrial engineering and business management. The Oil Industry University, which has several campuses across the country, says it will no longer accept female students at all, citing a lack of employer demand. Isfahan University provided a similar rationale for excluding women from its mining engineering degree, claiming 98% of female graduates ended up jobless. Writing to Ban Ki Moon, the UN secretary general, and Navi Pillay, the high commissioner for human rights, Mrs Ebadi, a human rights lawyer exiled in the UK, said the real agenda was to reduce the proportion of female students to below 50% – from around 65% at present – thereby weakening the Iranian feminist movement in its campaign against discriminatory Islamic laws. "[It] is part of the recent policy of the Islamic Republic, which tries to return women to the private domain inside the home as it cannot tolerate their passionate presence in the public arena," says the letter, which was also sent to Ahmad Shaheed, the UN's special rapporteur for human rights in Iran. "The aim is that women will give up their opposition and demands for their own rights." The new policy has also been criticised by Iranian parliamentarians, who summoned the deputy science and higher education minister to explain. However, the science and higher education minister, Kamran Daneshjoo, dismissed the controversy, saying that 90% of degrees remain open to both sexes and that single-gender courses were needed to create "balance". Iran has highest ratio of female to male undergraduates in the world, according to UNESCO. Female students have become prominent in traditionally male-dominated courses like applied physics and some engineering disciplines. Sociologists have credited women's growing academic success to the increased willingness of religiously-conservative families to send their daughters to university after the 1979 Islamic revolution. The relative decline in the male student population has been attributed to the desire of young Iranian men to "get rich quick" without going to university.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5878
__label__wiki	0.982926	0.982926	Iranian bodybuilder Reza Tabrizi being taken by Iranian police Iran, November 10, 2020 Iranian Paralympic bodybuilder 'facing death penalty' for criticising coronavirus rules Iran's Paralympics world champion has been arrested and could face the death penalty after he questioned why gyms have been closed due to the coronavirus pandemic while religious shrines are allowed to remain open. Reza Tabrizi, a bodybuilding silver medal winner in the 2011 New Zealand Paralympics, had claimed it was "hypocritical" to close down sports facilities in the holy city of Mashad but still allow pilgrims into the Imam Reza Shrine. According to Iranian activists, religious hardliners burst into Mr Tabrizi's gym and arrested him just hours after he made the critical comments on his Instagram page, accusing him of insulting religious believers and being a "stooge" of French president Emmanuel Macron. Mr Macron is locked in a bitter diplomatic row will Muslim leaders in the Middle East after declaring war on "Islamist separatism" in response to recent terror attacks in France. "This guy had posted a threatening insult on his Instagram account and thought that in the country ruled by our religious beliefs he could do any damn thing that he wants. Thanks be to God he is now behind bars", Iranian cleric Morteza Mustafazadeh wrote on Instagram. Mr Mustafazadeh, the head of the Basij militia in Iran, has called for Mr Tabrizi to face the death penalty, though he has not yet been sentenced. Iranian officials have insisted on keeping the shrines open to the public, even as the country saw a record 458 deaths in a single day last week and the rate of daily infections exceeded 10,000. Mr Tabrizi has issued a statement since his arrest where he apologizes for offending religious sensitivities "I apologise to all my friends and fans and hereby state that the love of our religious saints runs in the blood of my family and if as a result of a moment of negligence I have hurt your feelings I do sincerely apologise and ask for your forgiveness", the statement said. Nader Tavakkoli, a member of Iran's coronavirus response force, has warned that some hospitals have run out of beds to treat patients. "Beds allocated for coronavirus patients are full at hospitals," he said. "We should have a temporary phase of two weeks closure in Tehran to control the wave of the disease. Meanwhile we can get into planning." Iran has also faced accusations of downplaying the true scale of the coronavirus pandemic, which according to official figures has killed around 39,000 people. Documents obtained by BBC Persian earlier this year showed that the government recorded some 40,000 coronavirus cases in the period up to 20 July, but then stated in public that only 14,000 people had died. Even by the government's figures, Iran is one of the most severely affected countries in the Middle East.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5879
__label__wiki	0.522011	0.522011	Sunny, along with a few afternoon clouds. High around 50F. Winds ENE at 5 to 10 mph.. Cloudy skies early, followed by partial clearing. Low 21F. Winds NNE at 5 to 10 mph. Owens appointed to 2021 legislative session committees For the upcoming 2021 Legislative Session, Rep. Mark Owens (R-Crane) will serve as Vice-Chair of the Water Committee, and on the Human Services and Education Committees. “The work we will do on these committees will be extremely important as we work to rebuild our communities and mitigate the impacts and ongoing challenges presented by COVID-19,” said Owens. “It has never been more important that we work to provide and enhance services and build a better infrastructure and plan for educating our children.” “Water, natural resources and sustainable agricultural practices have been a priority for me throughout my career in public service, not just as a legislator, so it is an honor to be appointed Vice-Chair of the House Water Committee. I do not take this leadership role lightly and I know my colleagues and I are committed to finding solutions for the ongoing water issues in Oregon,” said Owens. House District 60 encompasses all of Malheur, Harney, Grant, and Baker Counties and parts of Lake County. Owens was appointed to State Representative in January 2020 and sworn in four days prior to the February 2020 short-session. Owens was elected in November 2020 for a two-year term. Owens is a local farmer and small business owner, member of the Crane School Board and Chair of the Ground Water Study Advisory Committee. He has previously served as a Harney County Commissioner and has held leadership positions with the Association of Oregon Counties, National Association of Counties, and Eastern Oregon Counties Association. For questions or more information, contact Rep. Owens’ Chief of Staff Andrea Dominguez at Rep.MarkOwens@oregonlegislature.gov or via telephone at (503) 986-1460. Mark Owens Harney County House Water Committee	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5882
__label__cc	0.652315	0.347685	gallagher-1 On Dutch cycling culture In the 20 or so years since I was last in Amsterdam, I have become a keen London cyclist. I commute a round trip of around 23 miles along various central London routes and cycle from one meeting to another when I'm in town. I love the hustle and bustle of London streets and the way the life of the city is played out by the actors in the daily travel drama. And I love the cycling culture, the cafes and clothes. But it’s a bit of a hairy occupation – two or three near misses every journey - and the death toll of cyclists in the capital pays testament to that. Sometimes I’m not sure if cycling in London brings me closer to life, or closer to death! Planning a weekend in Amsterdam, I was curious about what I would make of cycling in the city of Ajax and the land of totaalvoetbal. What we hear at home of Dutch cycling is how much safer it is, how much more cycle friendly the Dutch cities are and how town planning has incorporated segregated cycle lanes and other measures. In Ealing, where I live, there’s even a Dutch cycling plan that is spearheaded by our cycling leader of the local council. That’s all to the good. But I was shocked and disappointed with what I found in bike-friendly Amsterdam. The culture seems to have had an indirect impact that I hadn't anticipated. Many of the cyclists I saw were incompetent, inconsiderate and downright dangerous. Bikes have their own segregated lanes, but there are no physical barriers between those lane and the pedestrian paths. There is sometimes little to mark out the bike lane from the path. Bikes fly by with gay abandon very close to small children all the time, who can be unpredictable meanderers. And at lights and crossings, bikes consistently cut through crowds of pedestrians. At night time, few have lights, so you rely on streetlights to be able to see them. And no-one wears a helmet, but then they're safer than here because they're not cycling alongside cars, but are more likely to crash because they've hit a pedestrian. The old-fashioned Dutch bikes are not to my taste, but lots of people like them to be fair. Even the style is alien to me - it's dumbed down. In a city known for its cafes, where's the cycle-cafe-culture? They seem to think they're king of the road, much like motorists in London. But bikes are machines that pick-up speed and momentum, they should be giving way to pedestrians, to my mind.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5886
__label__wiki	0.722239	0.722239	Debate: Bullfighting Revision as of 19:59, 8 March 2011 (edit) (→Yes) ← Previous diff Revision as of 20:05, 8 March 2011 (edit) ====Pro==== ====Pro==== - \|width="45%" bgcolor="#F2FAFB" style="border:1px solid #BAC5FD;padding:.4em;padding-top:0.5em;"\| + *'''Bullfighting is economically very important in many regions.''' "The ban will be economically disastrous for Catalonia, and not just because of direct losses," the head of Spanish bullfighting lobby group Mesa del Toro, Eduardo Martin Penato, told the online edition of daily newspaper Publico in January of 2010.[http://www.expatica.com/es/news/local_news/bullfighting-ban-to-have-huge-economic-costs-supporters_86505.html] + \|width="45%" bgcolor="#F2FAFB" style="border:1px solid #BAC5FD;padding:.4em;padding-top:0.5em;"\| ====Con==== ====Con==== Is bullfighting acceptable in modernity, or should it be banned? Bullfighting is a traditional spectacle of Spain, Portugal, southern France and some Latin American countries (Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Ecuador), in which one or more bulls are baited and usually killed by a matador in a bullring for sport and entertainment. It is often called a blood sport by its detractors but followers of the spectacle regard it as a fine art and not a sport as there are no elements of competition in the proceedings. Bullfighting is banned in most countries, and has been banned more recently in some countries and regions with long histories and traditions with the event. Most notably, bullfighting was banned in 2010 in the Spanish region of Catalonia and its largest city Barcelona, where it has a centuries long history and attracted international fame. At the same time, places like Madrid have responded to such actions by officially preserving bullfighting as an art form. This means that anti-bullfighting activists can be charged with a crime and a substantial fine for disrupting the patrimony of bullfighting and Spanish culture. These historic actions have re-enlivened the debate about bullfighting in Spain and around the world. The pro and con arguments and select quotations from editorials, op-eds, and books are outlined below. Decency: Is bullfighting decent or does it verge on animal torture? Life of bullfighting bull more decent than factory bull. Robert Elms. "End bullfighting and you give in to the neutering forces of accepted taste." The Independent. July 31st, 2010: "Those who see bullfighting as cruel are, of course, right. It is cruel that man should breed and kill animals for his enjoyment whether as a dinner or a dance. But to my mind the life of an Iberian fighting bull, a thoroughbred animal which lives to a minimum age of four, roaming wild, feasting on Spain's finest pasture, never even seeing a man on foot, is far superior to that of the many thousands of British bulls whose far shorter lives are spent entirely in factory conditions and killed in grim abattoirs so that we can eat beefburgers." Bulls are celebrated and honored in bullfighting. In most bullfighting countries, bulls are honored as mystical creatures of immense strength and beauty. Statues of bulls regularly stand outside of bullfighting stadiums, and depict the animals in the most majestic, strong, and beautiful way possible. These statues frequently stand alone without an accompanying matador in the depiction. This respect and appreciation of the bull is a demonstration of the decency with which the art form treats the animal. Clean and quick kills are prized in bullfighting. All members of the bullfighting community, fighters and crowds alike, prize quick and relatively painless kills. If a matador fails to deliver such a kill, and the bull suffers needlessly, then he will be jeered and shamed. This dynamic demonstrates a clear sense of decency within the bullfighting community. Bullfighting fosters an understanding of violent death. Ernest Hemingway: "The only place where you could see life and death, i. e., violent death now that the wars were over, was in the bull ring and I wanted very much to go to Spain where I could study it. I was trying to learn to write, commencing with the simplest things, and one of the simplest things of all and the most fundamental is violent death."[1] Bullfighting is an indecent form of torture Jeremey Bentham, Theory of Legislation. Principles of the Penal Code. "The Culture of Benevolence". 1802 - "Cock-fights and bull-fights, the chase of the hare and the fox, fishing, and other amusements of the same kind, necessarily suppose a want of reflection or a want of humanity; since these sports inflict upon sensitive beings the most lively sufferings, and the most lingering and painful death that can be imagined."[2] Bulls are usually not killed quickly, die in agony. According to anti-bullfight veterinarian José Zaldívar, in the great majority of cases, the matador missed the vital spot that would cause the bull to die quickly. "These provoke internal bleeding. It is a slow, agonising death – as the high acidity of their blood proves."[3] Bulls can't reason, but they can suffer; bullfighting wrong. Jeremy Bentham once said: "It doesn't matter if they can reason; it doesn't matter if they can speak; what does matter is if they can SUFFER."[4] Body parts may be cut-off while bull is still alive. "What's wrong with bullfighting?" League against cruel sports: "At the end of the fight, the bull may not be yet dead while his body parts are cut-off to be kept as trophies. Spanish bull breeders receive EU agricultural subsidies, meaning that UK taxpayers' money goes to support this terrible industry." Bulls' horns may be shaved, making them very sensitive to pain. In order to reduce the risk to the matador, sometimes a bulls horns are shaved. This can inflict some pain on the bull and can also make it more sensitive to other forms of pain during the fight. Horses suffer in bullfighting as much as bulls. Bullfighting bloodbath.com: "Bulls are not the only creatures to suffer in bullrings. The tormented bull does not understand that it is the man on the horse's back that is causing his pain, only that he is in agony. He therefore sees the horse as his enemy as much as the man. It's not unusual for horses used in bullfights to be so badly gored by the bulls that they have to be killed, but only after they have been dragged from the ring and the view of the spectators." Culture: Is bullfighting a cultural, artistic practice? Bullfighting is a cultural art form, not a sport Ernest Hemingway said about bullfighting that it is "a decadent art in every way [...] if it were permanent it could be one of the major arts."[5] Bullfighting celebrates death and cycle of life Robert Elms. "End bullfighting and you give in to the neutering forces of accepted taste." The Independent. July 31st, 2010: "Our squeamishness means that we prefer death which is mechanical and invisible, while the Spanish understand that it is part of a cycle.[...] It is a public celebration of death (a subject we prefer to hide from in Britain) which, when it is done well, becomes a celebration of life. The man charged with the task of delivering a fine end to this fierce and powerful creature will dance with it along the way, laying his own life on the line to create a swirling symbiosis." Bullfighting has long historical and mythical roots. Bullfighting traces its roots to prehistoric bull worship and sacrifice. The killing of the sacred bull (tauroctony) is the essential central iconic act of Mithras, which was commemorated in the mithraeum wherever Roman soldiers were stationed. The oldest representation of what seems to be a man facing a bull is on the celtiberian tombstone from Clunia and the cave painting "El toro de hachos", both found in Spain. Bullfighting is "last serious thing in modern world." Poet Garcia Lorca said in the 1930s, the corrida is "the last serious thing in the modern world".[6] Bullfighters are good heroes and role models for youth. In Spain, many youth idealize bull fighters for their strength, grace, and wit in outmaneuvering bulls. This is valuable in inspiring and compelling success in future generations. Bullfighting thrives due to devout local fans, not tourists Robert Elms. "End bullfighting and you give in to the neutering forces of accepted taste." The Independent. July 31st, 2010: "The oft-repeated claim that such rings are kept alive by tourists is ludicrous. Despite the economic recession, which has hit Spain especially hard, the corrida is still thriving. Its top practitioners are huge stars, and its fans, among them a prominent group of British aficionados, intensely devoted, because it is still the very soul of this dark and complex country." Inflicting pain for the purposes of entertainment is wrong. International Movement Against Bullfights: "The truth is, if a creature suffers then there can be no moral justification for refusing to take that suffering into consideration. All animals are sentient beings that experience joy, happiness, fear and pain, in the same way that human beings do. We can have no right whatsoever to make them suffer for our "enjoyment". If any torture inflicted to an animal deserves condemnation, bullfights are the worst kind of torture since they are performed solely in the name of entertainment. We must end the animals' torture and stop these shows of brutality and violence. It is too small a step from the intentional infliction of pain on an animal to the torture and killing of human beings." Bullfighting is about entertaining a crowd's blood lust. Part of the pull of bullfighting for crowds is witnessing death. Advocates of the practice make this into an argument for the practice. But, a desire to see death in front of one's own eye's amounts to bloodlust. Why should humans be accommodated in such a morbid pursuit? Bullfighting validates torturing animals for entertainment. International Movement Against Bullfights: "These outdated spectacles perpetuate the idea that injuring and killing an animal for amusement is acceptable." Cultural tradition is no justification for cruel bullfighting Many traditions have been defended for their cultural, traditional value. Stoning women for immodesty is one of them. We know very well that such tradition-for-tradition's-sake arguments are debunk. The same holds true with bullfighting, a tradition that is based on cruelty to bulls. People need not see bull die in order to understand death. Video, pictures, books, and news reports all make it possible for individuals to learn about and understand death. It's occurring around us naturally all the time. It is completely unnecessary, therefore, to artificially produce death in the bullfighting arena in order to create an appreciation of the cycle of life and death, etc. Nature watching is also a good alternative. Or even hunting or fishing, in which an individual generally attempts to quickly and decently kills an animal that they will then eat. Torturing and bull for entertainment is unnecessary when compared to these outlets for understanding life and death. Bullfighting makes for a barbaric society. Eric Gallego, an animal rights protester, said in 2010 to the Times Online: “Bullfighting is a bloody entertainment. We must stop this cruelty because we don’t want to be a barbaric society in Europe.”[7] Fair fight? Is bullfighting a fair fight? More risks the bullfighter takes the better The best bullfighters are the ones that come closest to the bull, letting its horns pass inches by the fighters side, etc. The greater the risk for the bullfighter, the greater the reward from the crowd. This pressure makes the fight more fair. The bullfighter is not trying to stay as far away as possible in order to make a riskless kill; they are trying to demonstrate their courage and bravery in the face of potentially fatal risks. Bullfighters and others are regularly gored. Bullfighters are frequently gored in bullfighting, although it is relatively rare that they are killed. There was a gruesome goring in 2010 in Spain, in which the horn of the bull entered through the neck of a matador and through his mouth.[8] The fight is not perfectly fair, but it is plenty fair. Bulls horns are usually kept sharp for fights. In Spain and most other countries with bullfighting, the horns of bulls are not shaved, but rather kept sharp. The fact that they are not usually shaved demonstrates that organizers and crowds want to keep the fight fair and suspenseful. Savvy fans would not have it any other way. Bullfighting symbolizes man's mastery over nature. Fighting the bull doesn't have to be a completely fair fight; that misses the point, which is that man has developed a mastery over the tools and techniques required to control and overcome certain elements of nature, such as a two thousand pound bull. Unfair fight; bull is severely injured before matador Mac McDaniel. "It's Time to End Bullfighting." Care2. 2011: "The bulls in a standard bullfight are drugged and confused animals, debilitated and run in circles by others who stab them with spears before the matador approaches to make the "kill shot" with his sword. Anyone who believes this fight to be fair, is mistaken. By the time a matador approaches to actually kill the bull, the animal typically has enough spears in his neck and back muscles to prevent him from fully lifting his head." Not a fair fight: gang of armed men against one bull. "What's wrong with bullfighting?" League Against Cruel Sports: "A bullfight is never a fair fight, as the confused and frightened bull faces a matador and several other men, some on horseback, armed with terrible weapons. Read more bullfighting facts." Not a fair fight; bullfighters rarely injured/killed. BullfightBloodbath.com: "What about the "brave" matadors, picadors and their ilk? Bullfighters are rarely injured and seldom killed in the ring. With their armory of weapons to weaken the bull until it can no longer fight, their lives are not at great risk. In fact, in the last 50 years only 10 bullfighters have been killed worldwide." "Mastery of nature" can be demonstrated w/o torturing bulls. Man can show his "mastery over nature" in many ways. Technology, science, agriculture, and industrial processes are great ways. Torturing bulls for entertainment is not necessary in the face of the alternative means. Danger to humans: Are the risks to humans acceptable? Many cultural and sporting events involve serious risks. Futbol, American football, rugby, boxing, acrobatics, and many other cultural and sporting events involve serious, inherent risks to humans. But, they are not banned. Bullfighting should not, therefore, be alienated for the risks that it entails. Risks of bullfighting brings out courage and bravery. If there were no risks, there could be no bravery in bullfighting. The matador wants to take these risks so that he can demonstrate his courage, and the fans honor that ultimate risk-taking. These risks should not be shunned, but celebrated, just as they often are in other cultural and sporting events. Bullfighting is too dangerous to humans to justify Many matadors are gored each year. In 2010, famed matador Julio Aparicio was gored in the throat by a bull during the Festival of Saint Isidro. The bulls horn went through his neck and throat and up through his mouth. Such gruesome scenes, and the risks that matadors must take with their lives, have no place in a modern society. Economics: Is bullfighting important to some economies? Bullfighting is economically very important in many regions. "The ban will be economically disastrous for Catalonia, and not just because of direct losses," the head of Spanish bullfighting lobby group Mesa del Toro, Eduardo Martin Penato, told the online edition of daily newspaper Publico in January of 2010.[9] Bullfighting is not that big of a tourist draw. Caroline Lucas. "Cut the bullfighting." The New Statesman. June 5th, 2008: "Economic concerns focus on bullfighting as a vital part of the tourist industry in Spain; as a generator of money and as an employer of people. Yet, tourists will visit Spain regardless of whether or not bullfighting exists, and as people become more ethically aware on their travels, tourist attendance at the shows looks set to fall even further. Indeed, a ComRes poll commissioned in April 2007 found that 89% of the British public would not visit a bullfight when on a holiday." Profits from bullfighting end up in hands of small group. Caroline Lucas. "Cut the bullfighting." The New Statesman. June 5th, 2008: "Like most industries, the profits from bullfighting end up in the hands of a very small number of people in a bullfighting elite. Bullfighting requires significant government subsidization. Caroline Lucas. "Cut the bullfighting." The New Statesman. June 5th, 2008: "the subsidies that prop up this declining industry take money away from serious social problems such as access to public health, education, infrastructures, the elderly, public safety, social housing and environmental policies." Public opinion: Where does public opinion stand? Majority on bullfighting shouldn't dictate end of tradition Robert Elms. "End bullfighting and you give in to the neutering forces of accepted taste." The Independent. July 31st, 2010: "The real danger of all this is that [the ban on bullfighting in Cataluna] will begin to convince those Spaniards who are agnostic about the bulls – which may well be the majority, in the same way that most English people don't much care for cricket but aren't remotely opposed to it – that the corrida is doomed to die a slow death, that inevitably it will fade away as Spain becomes more like everywhere else, dominated by gaudy globalism and neutered by the homogenising forces of technology and accepted taste." Majorities in bullfighting states & elsewhere oppose it. "What's wrong with bullfighting?" League Against Cruel Sports: "Recent polls have shown that the majority of people are against bullfighting. 89% of British people would not visit a bullfight (ComRes 2008), whilst in Spain 67% are not interested in bullfighting (Gallup 2008). In France, 69% of people oppose public funding for bullfighting (YouGov 2009)." Robert Elms. "End bullfighting and you give in to the neutering forces of accepted taste." The Independent. July 31st, 2010 Graham Keeley. "Bullfighting fans in plea for world heritage status." The Independent. April 2007 Famous Bullfighter Jose Miguel Arroyo. "Interpreting the bullfighter's art with feeling." "Madrid protects bullfighting as an art form." Guardian. March 7th, 2010 International Movement Against Bullfights Bullfighting bloodbath.com No Bullfighting on Facebook League Against Cruel Sports Fight Against Animal Cruelty in Europe "Bullfighting: End the senseless slaughter." Boston Globe Editorial. February 16th, 2010 Mac McDaniel. "It's Time to End Bullfighting." Care2. 2011 Debate: Animals in sports and entertainment Debate: Fox hunting Debate: Animal rights Chloe Lambert. "Bullfighting: art or just cruelty?" Times Online. March 9th, 2010 R. L. DUFFUS. "Hemingway Now Writes of Bull-Fighting as an Art." The New York Times. September 25th, 1932 "Bullfighting in Catalonia The land of the ban." The Economist. July 29th, 2010 Retrieved from "http://www.dbp.idebate.org/en/index.php/Debate:_Bullfighting" Categories: Underdeveloped debates \| Environment \| Sports \| Entertainment \| Animals \| Animal rights \| Animal welfare \| Morality \| Pain \| Suffering \| Europe \| Spain	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5892
__label__cc	0.503287	0.496713	Just About Write It's not wrong -- it's just about write. TV Reviews & Recaps Book Reviews + Author Interviews The Community Rewatch Podcast Wanna Write For Us? 3x06 "Advanced Gay" (The Pierce-Jeff Parallel) 9:22 AM community, s03.06 1 comment "Advanced Gay" Original Airdate: November 3, 2011 It should really be no surprise to you by now that I love Community. If, for some reason, you had believed otherwise... shame on you. What may surprise you about the show is that I really don't have a least favorite character. If someone were to ask me, I would say that all of the characters have exhibited both qualities that attract me to them, and qualities that (at times) cause me to cringe. But I've never detested a character. That being said, Pierce is definitely not my favorite component of the show, and so when I read the synopsis for this episode, I immediately had my doubts. I won't lie to you - I was thoroughly prepared going into this episode to hate it (literally, I prepared myself for another "Psychology of Letting Go," or worse - "The Art of Discourse"). I was wrong. During my initial watch, I was pleasantly surprised by how a) funny it was, and b) how poignant it was in terms of character development (especially in the cases of Jeff, Britta, and Pierce). By the end of my second watch through the episode, I was even more convinced that this was a fantastic episode. Now, will "Advanced Gay" take the place of something like, say "Remedial Chaos Theory" in my heart? No. And I think that perhaps that's one of the most dangerous things this season in regards to the show - "Remedial Chaos Theory" was so flawless, and it took place very early in the season, whereas the timeless "Modern Warfare" seemed like the culmination of season 1. Now I fear that every viewer is watching this season with a measuring stick - that stick being 3x04 - and perhaps that's why they were disappointed with this episode. If 3x04 had occurred later on in the season, viewers may have enjoyed episodes like this one more. But that's just a personal theory. Now onto the episode! One of my absolute favorite things about this show, which I mentioned last week, is the continuity. We open the episode with a callback to Troy's mysterious plumbing skills from "English as a Second Language," and learn that the janitor wants Troy to plumb (strange to use that word as a verb in an of itself) a toilet with him later on. Troy agrees, only so the janitor will leave him alone. We meet up with the rest of the study group as a pair of gay boys approach their lunch table. They ask for Pierce's autograph on a tub of his Hawthorne Wipes, which everyone finds surprising (that is, until they discover that Pierce's wipes now have a huge following in the gay community thanks to a drag queen named Urbana Champaign). Pierce is initially enraged and threatens to sue the singer. However, when he realizes how much more money he could garner if he invested himself in creating wipes targeted to the gay community, he's all on board. (Let me pause to just say that one of my additional favorite aspects of this episode was the fantastic callbacks to "Inspector Spacetime" - only a show as meta as Community would mention a fake show that has a rabid real-life fanbase. I'm a sucker for anything that is remotely related to Doctor Who, and especially to the show that parodies it. We actually learn the companion's name, too - Constable Reggie!) Upon Pierce telling the group that he's decided to market his wipes toward the gay community, Britta responds with "Wow, Pierce. Congratulations on meeting the minimum requirements for open-mindedness." (Which literally made me think of how Jeff used to refer to studying for Spanish as "meeting the minimum requirements for a language credit") I don't know if Dan Harmon is attempting to sway my allegiances, but he must be, because I'm finding myself loving Britta more and more every episode. And that's not to say that previously I hated her (remember, I don't have a least favorite character). I'm glad though that we're having Britta steal the show recently without using her as a crutch for a Jeff/Annie/Britta triangle. Show, how far you have come since last season. Britta then attempts to delve into Psych major mode with referencing the "Edible" Complex (never change, Britta), to which Jeff asks: "What's that complex called where you're wrong about everything?" And thus, pretty much the winning line of the night. The reason I really appreciated this episode is because I feel like it solidified the start of some great character development on Troy and Jeff's ends. And it's appropriate that we highlighted these characters because (from what I hear) they'll be sparring for control later on in the season. The one thing that I thought was ingenious was taking a Pierce-driven plot and using it to highlight Jeff's character. Again, this episode seemed to draw parallels between Jeff and Pierce as characters, and who they want to become versus what they don't want to become, as well as the constant struggle to achieve that. More on that later. Let's talk about Troy, briefly. I really like that we're setting up some great character development for Troy, as well. Traditionally, he's the character that gets to be the most hilarious on the show, often due to the fact that he's the goofiest/most aloof. But I really like how he's being forced to assume certain roles now within the show, and within the realm of Greendale. And I think I remember Harmon (or someone) saying that the whole subplot between Troy and Vice Dean Laybourne resembles a Star Wars motif, and I was definitely getting that vibe throughout the episode with him. It was also nice to see a Troy-driven plot for a change. Donald was top-notch with his comedic timing last night, but I often forget how fantastic he can be in scenes that don't require him to be goofy or crazy. Also, I'm thrilled that John Goodman has returned as the villain. Anyway, Pierce decides to throw a "gay bash" for his newly marketed brand of Hawthorne Wipes, and while everyone else seems excited to attend the party, Jeff (unsurprisingly) says that he won't be attending. And then, Pierce enters the room with his father in tow. Okay, Community - I'm glad I haven't lost faith in your continuity. One of the quips I had going into tonight's episode was that the audience, I felt, was made to believe in season 1 that Pierce's father had died. I believe it was in "Introduction to Statistics" where Pierce is on the phone with his mother and she says that she saw his father's ghost. However, I should really learn to trust the writers of this show to not overstep such a large hole. Thankfully, they addressed that by saying that Pierce's mother often wished his father was dead, thus eliminating the need for me to compose an angry letter to the continuity fairy. There is a great bit of Jeff/Britta dialogue throughout the episode, and I wish I could have quoted it all (but then I'd be quoting a span of a half hour, and we all really don't want to read that). See, here's the thing - I love Britta so much because she's trying so hard to be good at what she does (and not the worst), that she's doing the exact opposite (being cliche and being the worst) and yet, somehow manages to get things right. This is kind of the epitome of the show though too, right? Everyone in the show tries so hard to do something, they end up failing at it. But in failing, they end up doing something better or more beneficial than if they would have succeeded (isn't that why they are all at Greendale in the first place?) I remember Harmon said that this season Britta will be a force to be reckoned with in Jeff's life. And she will be. And she wants to be right, in the case of Jeff and his father issues. That's why I'll call it now and say that she will either a) be the one to reunite Jeff with his father, or b) have a huge hand in it. And there's a fundamental difference between Annie and Britta in this - Annie would never do something like call Jeff out on his daddy issues. But see, Annie is a pleaser (much like me). She wants everyone to be happy. Shirley is similar in this respect. Britta wants people to be fixed. Or maybe she just wants Jeff to be fixed so that she can be right. Whatever her motivation, I think that's the fundamental difference: Britta wants Jeff fixed, and Annie wants Jeff happy. You can't have it both ways, kiddos. Unless... we can... (this is the cue for dramatic music) Anyway, Britta may be a better therapist than Jeff wants to admit (and we saw that she would assume this role in "Intermediate Documentary Filmmaking" when she had a conversation with Jeff about his father). Pierce, in fear of his father, cancels the party (there's this awesome Pierce's father vs. the study group scene), but Jeff un-cancels it. So now we're going to travel back to the Pierce-Jeff parallel. They're seriously more alike than each of the characters wants to admit. And this whole plot also adheres to a great sense of role reversal too, with Jeff being the younger but guiding Pierce (and in a way, himself) through this rocky father-son relationship. Someone said it on Twitter, but I think Jeff would actually make an awesome dad. Honestly, we all love Jeff Winger to an extent because he's the leader of this band of misfits and he's the one who saves the day with his speeches, but this episode caused me to actually love Jeff. The fact is that he's grown up a lot, and he's learning who the important people are in his life and who the unimportant people are. But let's not forget a core aspect of both Jeff and Pierce - pride. Both men are extremely proud and hate admitting their issues. Both of them, though, clearly have issues with their fathers (and really, throughout the study group, there seems to be a thread of family drama), but both are too proud, jaded, and/or defensive to own up to that. Again, let's go back to another fundamental concept I believe I mentioned in my "Biology 101" review - both Pierce and Jeff are so afraid of becoming villains that they act like villains (and thus become the people they don't want to be in the first place). I think that they, as characters, realize this. And it's an underlying fear for them - becoming their fathers - so they distance themselves from those very relationships, from even acknowledgement of those people, and sweep it under a rug. But Pierce has become weak, and Jeff embittered (thanks to their fathers). The characteristics that they despised so much about their own dads surface within them simply because they have not dealt with emotions before. I would say that it's a weird cycle, but it's not even a cycle. And Jeff has broken mostly free from his (albeit still embittered, so he has to deal with those emotions, lest he end up like Pierce). Jeff gives a pretty epic Winger-speech after Pierce's father appears at the party, causing Pierce (in his fear of his father) to sever Hawthorne Wipes' ties with the gay community. Here's what he says: Jeff: I could live a million years, and I could spend every minute of it doing important things. But at the end of it all, I would have only lived half a life if I had not raised a son. This was a gift that was handed to you. You squandered it. And the reason you have so much hatred in your heart is because you're trying to fill the hole where your kid was supposed to go. And now, it's too late. Now, you're just stomping around, trying to prove you exist. Well, mission accomplished. But here's a question I'd like to pass onto you from every son of every crap dad that ever lived: so what? I'm done with you. He's done with you. The world is done with you. (Honestly, regardless of your feelings of the episode overall, I think it's hard to deny that the above speech is anything short of brilliant. Again, this solidifies how much I feel Jeff has grown, how much he wants to grow, and how awesome he would be as a dad. Because he doesn't want to become his father. And he would love his son because he knows what it feels like to not be loved. Sorry, digressing.) Jeff's speech actually causes Pierce's dad to keel over and die and at the funeral, Jeff finally admits that he's sorry for something (inadvertently causing Pierce's father to die). It's not a first, but it may be one of the most sincere firsts for the Pierce/Jeff friendship. Troy's storyline involves Vice Dean Laybourne attempting to recruit him for the air conditioning repair annex of Greendale (by having his minions, we'll call them, kidnap potential candidates). Troy is evidently extremely talented and beats out the other contenders. Vice Dean gives him 24 hours to make a decision. At the "gay bash," Troy repairs a complex issue with the air conditioner, and is approached by the janitor from earlier, who attempts to dissuade him from joining the Vice Dean's school. Troy is torn between these two options, and consults Abed (which leads to one of the greatest Abed/Troy scenes in the history of the show), who encourages him to just do what he would be the happiest doing. At the end of the episode, Troy decides to choose neither air conditioning nor plumbing, and instead vows to just have fun watching television with Abed instead. The Vice Dean ominously tells his cohort that this wasn't over - he would recruit Troy (to the dark side) eventually. We end with an "Inspector Spacetime" tag, so I honestly couldn't be happier. I felt that "Advanced Gay" probably won't be my favorite episode of season 3, but I encourage those of you who have only watched it once, to re-watch. In fact, I really feel like this is a show that deserves a second-watch for each episode. Honestly, the last two seasons I haven't been doing that, but through writing this blog, I've come to realize that a first watch is a good way to establish initial reactions that can be expanded upon (or even changed) during a re-watch. Additional de-lovely aspects of the episode: - "Abed, look!" "Cool. Stonehenge." - The gay kid winked at Jeff and it was adorable. - "That's not what I meant! Stop putting gay things in my mouth." - Everyone dancing to the Hawthorne Wipes song was adorable - "Why is there an astronaut in the corner making paninis?" Oh, I don't know - maybe because that's the real astronaut that killed The Doctor. ...sorry. - "...why are you smiling?" - Everyone had a lot of wardrobe changes in this episode. I am particularly fond of Annie's purple ensemble. Also, Joel continues to look better and better every episode. - "So Jeff, what are you wearing to Pierce's gay party?" "Nothing." "Ooh, they'll love that." - "...and the unseasonably tan." - "Oh, the party's cancelled? I bought a cone bra." Annie, this is why you're my favorite - Can someone please make up a side-story as to why Annie and Shirley were off by themselves dancing with gay men? - "So Edible." "You're the worst." WINNING LINE. - "That may be, sir. But at least it's my mistake." "That doesn't change the fact that it was a mistake." "Doesn't it?" "...no. It doesn't." - "The question isn't what they want from us, but when." Next week's episode is titled "Studies in Modern Movement" and it's the episode where everyone helps Annie move in with Abed and Troy. Apparently, there is also a sub-plot involving the Dean and Jeff at the mall. And literally, this is all I can think of: Let's go to the mall - today! Until next week, friends. :) Another great review! This wasn't my favorite episode, but I didn't hate it as much as I thought I would. There were some funny moments, and Jeff's "dad speech" was amazing! I am so looking forward to the rest of the season. 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__label__wiki	0.783636	0.783636	Metro to Newcastle Airport Taking the Tyne and Wear Metro to Newcastle Airport is a good option. The Metro system is a light railway that links all areas of Tyne and Wear. The system consists of 60 stations that serve the city of Sunderland, North and South Tyneside and Newcastle. The Metro is one of the UK’s most efficient modes of transport and has served the area for over 30 years. Over 40 million passengers use the system every year making it an easy option when traveling to the airport. The metro station is situated close to the main terminal building so you do not have far to walk when arriving or departing the airport. Metro to Newcastle City Centre The journey to the city centre of Newcastle takes around 25 minutes taking in stations such as Gosforth, Jesmond followed by the city centre stops of Haymarket, Monument and Central Station. Trains depart every 12 minutes and run from 5.45am till almost midnight. Sunderland by Metro The journey to the city of Sunderland takes around 55 minutes with trains leaving every 12 minutes. The long journey takes you through Gateshead and on to the city of Sunderland. For more information on the Tyne and Wear Metro system please visit the Nexus website. Please remember to purchase a ticket before boarding a train and enjoy your journey across Tyneside and Wearside.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5902
__label__cc	0.736178	0.263822	About Your Librarian Reading Rooms A-L Dealing with Fundies e-Texts Introductory Reference Reading Rooms M-Z Music & Poetry Witch Hunts File Submission The 12 steps and Shamanism co-sysop of PAN - the Psychic Awareness Network at 1-703-362-1139 Author's note - this article was first published by me under the name JUKNO in Harvest's Yule edition, 1989. Recently a local character in Alcoholics Anonymous here in the Worcester MA. area died. His name was "John the Indian" (he identified himself this way) and he was well-known as an AA speaker all over the world, although he lived near central Massachusetts. John had about thirty years of sobriety and was a great power of example to many people including Betty Ford who told him she had listened to tapes of his talks while she was in detox. John's story intrigued many people. An Indian who had been orphaned on the reservation when Tuberculosis wiped out his family, he had ended up on skid row after serving in the Canadian army during World War II as a dishwasher. He came to AA in his mid-twenties, an illiterate wine. ( my note - this is NOT to imply that most alcoholics are on skid row. In fact most of them are people with nice families, a place to live, a car or even two, a job, etc. etc. etc. Less that 2% of the alcoholics in this country are on skid row) He ended up owning his own construction business after learning to read (from a elderly woman in AA who was a school teacher) and marrying a lady in AA with whom he raised a lovely family. Because John had inspired me and so affected my life with his gift of simplicity, I was inspired to do a shamanic-style rite in his memory. I had always felt sorry for John because, in the process of his recovery, he seemed to have lost touch with the beauty of this heritage. Then it hit me; John WAS a shaman and anyone who truly worked a 12-step program was one too. In BIRTH OF A MODERN SHAMAN by Cynthia Bend and Tayja Wiger (Llewellyn Publication box 64383, St. Paul MN. 1988 ) it states " A shaman is hard to define. There are no two alike...what happens, a shaman goes through a catastrophe or a string of catastrophes that enhance certain abilities within him ( or her! )...Most often the Shaman has to go through a severe trauma, a severe illness or a severe psychosis and recover from it before he learns the recovery process that he can use." The authors are quoting Tsonkawa, Tayja's teacher on the Shamanic path. (a Native American Medicine person) Many other authors on Shamanism; Sunbear, Lynn Andrews, Amber Wolfe and Micheal Harner, to name a few: echo this truth. A shaman is a person who goes through great suffering, usually in the form of a mental or physical illness, and then goes on to heal himself or herself. They are then able to use that same process to heal others. This is what happens in a twelve-step fellowship. Through the process of healing ourselves, we come to the point where we can help others by "carrying the message" after having had a "spiritual awakening" as the result of taking the first eleven steps. Here are some books that can help any Pagan, Shaman, Druid, Witch, Practitioner of Feminist Spirituality, or other Magickal folk as they walk the steps in the process of recovering, while retaining their own unique spiritual path. TRUTH OR DARE by Starhawk (San Francisco, Harper and Row, 1987) This contains many references to the 12-step programs, especially Alcoholics Anonymous and Adult Children of Alcoholics, in a work on Wicca by a well-known priestess of the Craft who is also a psychotherapist. CRYSTAL CLEAR by Connie Church (Bew York, Willard books 1987) It contains a good section on how to use quartz crystals to help in relieving yourself of bad habits, compulsions, and obsessions, specifically for use with the various twelve-step programs. (note - amethyst is traditionally said to help in all these areas) BIRTH OF A MODERN SHAMAN, mentioned above, tells the story of a blind Native American woman who was a survivor of Child abuse and had been Psychotic as well as Alcoholic. This is the story of her complete recovery, including her eyesight, (documented by doctors) and the discovery of her Psychic gifts with her Native roots. Her healing occured through a process that began for her in Alcoholics Anonymous. THE TWELVE STEPS FOR EVERYONE published by Compare (Minneapolis MN.) this is a non-sexist book on the steps by a grateful recovering member of Emotional Health Anonymous written in non-sexist language. The author draws heavily on the Eastern traditions of spirituality as well as the traditional Western monotheistic ones. EVERYDAY A NEW BEGINNING Published by Hazelden corp. (Also in Minneapolis, MN. I believe) This is a daily meditation guide BY women in Anonymous fellowships and FOR women in these same self-help groups. Unlike the TWENTY-FOUR HOURS A DAY book (published by the same company and widely used in AA) it doesn't use quotes from the Bible. Instead it uses quotes from various women authors. Many men also claim to have benefited from it due to it's non-religious approach. PAGANS IN RECOVERY a networking newsletter for Magickal folk, Shamans, Druids, Feminist Priestesses, Witches, Pagans, Pantheists, etc. who are in recovery via a 12-step fellowship of any type. It has contacts, reviews, articles, recovery techniques and more. It is a great source of support and inspiration to any Pagan in any of the Anonymous support groups. It is $8.00 a year and the address is P.I.R. c/o Bekki 6500 S.R. 356 New Marshfield, OHIO 45766 ADDITION TO READING LIST REFLECTIONS IN THE LIGHT by Shakti Gawain, published by New World Library, San Rafael, California 1978. While not ONLY for the 12-step programs this book does go into the problems of addictions in light of the New-Age, Psychic Awareness as well as many other subjects. It provides a inspirational message and/or a creative visualization exercise with a non-sectarian affirmation for each day. The book is neither sexist nor sectarian and is truly a beautiful aid to anyone seeking to work the program of recovery. It is also a great way to share what you are doing with friends who share your spirituality but not your program, as it makes no direct references to the 12-step groups at all. It is very useful to those of us who prefer a daily meditation to the "prayer" people in the monotheistic Churches and Synagogues tend to use in their application of the program to their lives. Kindly Pagans, White Supremacists Hold Dueling Gatherings In Southern State Park Young black women are leaving Christianity and embracing African witchcraft Atlanta Church Hires Psychic Medium to Minister to Congregation The princess of Norway and her shaman lover Getting in on - and tossed out of - the Satanist Temple joke - Religion News Service Quote of the moment: Fact: Fourteen out of every ten people like chocolate. This site has received hits since Aug 4, 2000 COPYLEFT: The entire content of all public pages in The Pagan Library (graphics, text and HTML) are free information, released under the terms of the GPL. All copyrighted items mentioned are the property of their respective owners, and no form of ownership or endorsement is implied. Last modified: August 19 2018 14:44:12	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5903
__label__wiki	0.680881	0.680881	Courtesy Wikipedia (user: bectrigger) Billionaire Republican Donor Sheldon Adelson Dies in Malibu at 87 By Genevieve Finn / Staff Writer Genevieve Finn Sheldon Adelson, the casino and resort magnate known for donating massive amounts of money to Israel and toward right-wing causes, died Monday, Jan. 11, in Malibu due to complications from non-Hodgkins’ lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a type of blood cancer; Adelson had been receiving treatment for it since early 2019, according to the Associated Press. According to real estate site Dirt, Adelson owned multiple properties in the Malibu Colony. Adlson was CEO of the company Las Vegas Sands. Underneath its umbrella lies “the world’s largest empire of casinos and resort hotels,” the New York Times wrote, with locations from Las Vegas to Macau to Singapore. Adelson grew up “a street urchin” in Depression-era Boston, according to the NYT. But by the end of his life, he had become the world’s eighth- or ninth-wealthiest person, according to Forbes and Bloomberg estimates. His vast wealth afforded him weighty political influence. He was the largest single donor in the 2012 elections and was the Trump campaign’s largest single donor in 2016, according to the NYT. He was also “a staunch Zionist” and donated to many philanthropies in Israel. He is survived by his wife, children, two stepdaughters and 11 grandchildren. Malibu Colony Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma Follow Genevieve Finn	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5904
__label__wiki	0.889063	0.889063	Phoenix Sets Laffer With Monty Python's Terry Jones And Daily Show's John Oliver Written by MIKE FLEMING EXCLUSIVE: Phoenix Pictures’ Mike Medavoy, David Thwaites, and Brad Fischer are in Toronto to fan the Oscar buzz for the ultra-serious film Black Swan. But they’ve set as the next Phoenix project a comedy that will be directed by former Monty Python troupe member Terry Jones. They'll produce Absolutely Anything, from an original script Jones wrote with Gavin Scott. While circumspect about logline, they tell me it involves "aliens, a goofy Brit, a talking dog and buckets of silliness." They’ve set The Daily Show with Jon Stewart correspondent John Oliver to star, and Jones is in discussions with Robin Williams to play the role of Dennis the Dog. He has reached out to former Python pals John Cleese, Michael Palin, Eric Idle and Terry Gilliam to voice the aliens. The film will be financed out of the UK, and production will begin by next spring. Medavoy has a long relationship with Jones that includes the films Monty Python's Life of Brian and Erik the Viking, both of which Jones directed. Asked about the dichotomy of following the ultra-serious Darren Aronofsky-directed Natalie Portman-starrer Black Swan and Shutter Island with a raucous comedy, Medavoy simply said, “Funny is money.” Based on the strong festival reaction to the obsessively driven ballerina tale Black Swan, there might be money in serious as well.	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5909
__label__wiki	0.90937	0.90937	Burn It Down - Linkin Park piano sheet music Stay tuned to the latest piano sheets. Follow us on Burn It Down - Linkin Park Free Piano Sheet Music Burn It Down description "Burn It Down" (working title "Buried at Sea") is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. The song was released on April 16, 2012, as the lead single from their fifth studio album Living Things. Lead singer Chester Bennington talked about the song in an interview with MTV, saying what made the song interesting was "the really high energy and the really strong electronic melodies and hooks kind of set this song apart, which is why we chose it as our first single." Show Burn It Down piano sheet Linkin Park description Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their debut album Hybrid Theory, which was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2005 and multi-platinum in several other countries. Their following studio album Meteora, continued the band's success, topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive touring and charity work around the world. In 2003, MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium. Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart. The band was recently voted as the greatest artist of '00s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1. More piano sheets by Linkin Park Other free piano sheets Linkin Park - In The End Linkin Park - The Catalyst Linkin Park - Powerless Linkin Park - Numb Gary Barlow - Sing Backstreet Boys - All I Have to Give Burt Bacharach - Alfie Alisa Mizuki - Kaze mo Sora mo Kitto Queen - Made in Heaven Learning How to Play Piano. 5 Tips for Beginners So you decided to learn to play piano for your own pleasure. If you really want to make playing the piano a truly rewarding experience, you have to get past the recreational pursuit and gain true piano mastery and artistry. Do not treat your piano learning experience casually even if you have a lot of fun learning how to play piano. You should treat...Continue reading Learning How to Play Piano. 5 Tips for Beginners Home \| Free music sheets \| Piano for beginners \| Play piano by sheet music \| How to read piano notes \| Songs \| Artists \| Articles \| Contact Us Copyright 2012-2019 PianoHelp.net. All Rights Reserved DISCLAIMER: Pianohelp.net is not storing or holding any files or copyrighted material on any of it's servers. We are only indexing and embeding legal content shared by users over the Internet using public sites such as youtube.com, docstoc.com, scribd.com, etc. These websites follow all the legal guidelines for searching and storing content. All the files hosted on these sites are in no way hosted or copied on pianohelp.net servers. The material on this site is copyrighted to their respective owners and it is shared for educational purposes only. Receive all updates via Facebook. Just Click the Like Button Below...	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5910
__label__cc	0.534557	0.465443	Racism and bigotry right here in Idaho Regrettably we still live in an era when some among us choose to “strain at a gnat and swallow a camel” when it comes to racial issues. They choose to allow slight physiological variations to be an impediment to acceptance of others as part of a common human family. It should be an affront to all of us when bad things happen to good people, but especially when it happens in our own backyard. About a month ago, a good friend of mine in Boise shared a disturbing and awkward incident he experienced. After being invited with five other friends to a private party, he was turned away after arriving, because he’s black. While there are worse things than being uninvited after arriving at a party, the incident was symptomatic of an underlying insecurity or animus based on race. As my friend recounted the event, “The underpinnings of unfair discrimination are obvious.” Indeed they are obvious, and they speak volumes about the dearth of character and lack of humanity of the one who objected to his presence. My friend, Michael Strickland, who gave me permission to use his name and relate his experience, elaborated, “Racism is a cancer — it spreads.” Indeed it can, unless we proactively work to curtail it. I genuinely hope everyone perusing this column is as repulsed by the insensitivity, abject stupidity and classless actions of one person against Michael as I am. I would further hope that each of you forward this column to anyone you know who may manifest similar tendencies to ostracize, diminish or exclude anyone based on something as superficial as physiological differences. Unlike some who harbor a somewhat fatalistic view of racists, presuming that they cannot be changed, I will forever be a believer in the fundamental goodness and teachability of mankind, regardless of socio-economic or cultural shortcomings that have stunted our growth regarding racist behavior. Sometimes there’s a natural revulsion to “sensitivity training,” whether of a racial or sexist nature. Yet I am convinced that we all need more of it. Not to the point where we dance around and avoid issues, as U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder once accused us of all being “cowards” for ignoring issues of racism. Rather, to the end that increased sensitivity to the minor differences that distinguish us are sometimes used by the inhuman among us as wedges to separate us from those who are different, rather than as a glue to our common humanity. Another way to put this issue in context is to look at other differences. What idiocy would be manifested by someone if they chose to discriminate based on eye color? Or hair color? Or any other physiological difference? Would we not collectively and individually look with scorn upon someone who did that, and see them as social illiterates and cretins? So why should that be any more idiotic than taking a similar discriminatory approach to skin color? So what, we have differences! And thank heavens we do, for otherwise we would be a plain and boring race! Regrettably, we observe with regularity bigoted attitudes manifested against people of different religions, as well. Is not religious bigotry as dehumanizing and ugly a human trait as racism? When we make categorical expressions of disdain toward a particular religion or the adherents to that religion, we’re manifesting the same superficial, classless and bereft-of-character generalizations that characterize racism. The other night my son asked me what I thought of a certain Christian denomination. I told him I thought they were wonderful. After all how can we, unless we are bigots, be critical of any religious group that seeks to bring adherents closer to God, and expects of them to be more Christ like? When we look for the good, we will find it. If we choose to focus on negative experiences or people, we lose depth and quality from our character, and like the racist, “strain at a gnat and swallow a camel.” If we’re going to overcome these ugly human traits of racism and bigotry, it takes work on both sides: increased understanding and humanity on the part of perpetrators to heal their hearts, and an increased sense of forgiveness and less harboring of a victim mentality on the part of those who may have been wronged. Both racism and bigotry are scourges on our society, and like Michael observes, are like “cancer” that can spread, unless each of us takes remedial steps to eradicate them. After all, in spite of any political, religious, racial or cultural differences, are we not all ultimately brothers and sisters in this mortal sojourn? As such, we may all have our little “sibling spats” periodically, but the big picture still should always and ultimately come down to mutual love, concern and respect, for each other, and all of humanity. Award-winning columnist Richard Larsen of Pocatello is president of the brokerage firm Larsen Financial. He graduated from Idaho State Univeristy with degrees in history and political science. 156 comments - What do you think? Posted by ifennell - March 26, 2011 at 12:07 pm 156 Responses to “Racism and bigotry right here in Idaho” Michael Strickland says: Black Music Update: “Who would have guessed a song about an attention-gaining device, that was first produced in England in 1898, would be used as the basis for such an artfully inspired musical rendition of a how-to guide?” That is why I like “Whistle” by Flo Rida \| Format: MP3 Music From the Album Whistle http://amzn.to/ZLCFkS Here’s Why I Jumped on the Hunger Games Bandwagon: http://celebritiesandstars.blogspot.com/2013/04/why-i-jumped-on-hunger-games-bandwagon.html Two Thumbs Up for Leta Neustaedter’s Metamorphosis Performing Arts Studio: http://celebritiesandstars.blogspot.com/2013/04/two-thumbs-up-for-leta-neustaedters.html Building Communities and Embracing Diversity \| Young People's Pavilion says: […] RELATED READING […] The Hip Hop Dance Experience by UBI Soft is the first dance video game with a tracklist dedicated to the most aspirational genre in music! See more at: http://bit.ly/hiphopdancevideogame From Run-DMC to Chris Brown, Rob Base to Nicki Minaj – this is the first dance game with a tracklist dedicated to the coolest genre in music. With moves developed by celebrity choreographers Laurieann Gibson (Nicki Minaj Creative Director, BET’s Born to Dance) and Dave Scott (So You Think You Can Dance, Battle of the Year), dance like a true artist to 30 years’ worth of hip-hop’s biggest hits. Customize your avatar with hundreds of looks and accessories to express your personal fashion sense. Trigger lavish visual effects as you progress through the game. Master professional-level choreography with 3 difficulty levels for each song. Experience the world of hip-hop through music, dance, and design. With a variety of unique game modes, including fun multiplayer parties and dance battles, The Hip Hop Dance Experience is the ultimate way to drop it like it’s hot with all your favorite hits. Amerie – “1 Thing” B.o.B – “So Good” B.o.B ft Hayley Williams of Paramore – “Airplanes” Cassie – “Me & U” Chris Brown ft Juelz Santana – “Run It!” Chris Brown ft Lil Wayne and Busta Rhymes – “Look At Me Now” Ciara ft Missy Elliott – “One, Two Step” Da Brat – “Funkdafied” Drake – “Over” Flo Rida ft Sia – “Wild Ones” Jay Sean ft Lil Wayne – “Down” J-Kwon – “Tipsy” Kid Cudi – “Day ‘N’ Night” Lil Wayne ft Static Major – “Lollipop” LMFAO – “Sexy And I Know It” M.I.A. – “Bad Girls” Mark Morrison – “Return of the Mack” Mystikal ft Nivea – “Danger (Been So Long)” N.E.R.D. – “She Wants to Move” Naughty by Nature – “Hip Hop Hooray” Nelly – “Hot In Herre” New Boyz – “You’re A Jerk” New Edition – “If It Isn’t Love” Nicki Minaj ft Drake – “Moment 4 Life” Ol’ Dirty Bastard ft Kelis – “Got Your Money” Outkast – “B.O.B.” Pitbull ft Chris Brown – “International Love” Q-Tip – “Vivrant Thing” R. Kelly – “Ignition (Remix)” Rihanna ft Jeezy – “Hard” Rob Base & DJ E-Z Rock – “It Takes Two” Run-DMC – “It’s Tricky” Snoop Dogg ft Pharrell Williams – “Drop It Like It’s Hot” Terror Squad ft Fat Joe, Remy – “Lean Back” The Sugarhill Gang – “Rapper’s Delight” TLC – “Creep” Too $hort – “Blow the Whistle” Trey Songz ft Fabolous – “Say Aah” Wiz Khalifa – “Work Hard, Play Hard” With chart-Topping Hits – From Run DMC to Chris Brown, Rob Base to Nicki Minaj – this is the first dance game with a tracklist dedicated to the most aspirational genre in music. Plug Yourself into the Hip-Hop Universe – Perform over 700 dance moves designed by hip-hop’s top celebrity choreographers. Multiple Modes of Play – Intelligent shuffle features and high-energy multiplayer challenges for endless fun! “Michael Strickland says”e Martin Luther King’s message is ringing clearly through higher education in Idaho. My column: http://voices.yahoo.com/idahos-universities-celebrate-martin-luther-king-11971174.html	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5911
__label__wiki	0.929326	0.929326	UNESCO ? Culture ? World Heritage Centre ? Activities ? Activities Categories 40th Anniversary Additional Natural Categories Archaeology Articles Brochures & Info kits Cities Climate Change Conservation of Cultural Sites Conservation of Natural Sites Convention Cultural landscapes Cultural Routes Disaster Risk Reduction Earthen Architecture Education & Training Forests Human Evolution Human Evolution Industrial Marine & coastal Modern Heritage Museum Natural Other materials Partnerships Periodic Reporting Periodicals Publications Religious & Sacred Resource Manuals Restoration Rock art Science & technology Site Management Small Island Developing States Sustainable Development Sustainable Tourism Urban Context Null ? Simon Berger Updating of the “Policy Document on the impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage properties” An online consultation concerning the updating of the “Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage properties” took place from 30 December 2019 to 31 January 2020. This consultation is now closed but the questionnaire is available below: A summary of the results of this online consultation is available below: Following this consultation and a review of the available literature on the subject, an international Technical Advisory Group of experts, established on this occasion, met four times online to provide guidance and make proposals throughout the updating process. The draft updated Policy Document will be examined by the World Heritage Committee at its extended 44th session in June/July 2021 (see below for further details) The updating of this Policy Document benefits from funding by The Netherlands Funds-in-Trust (NFiT)? World Heritage properties are affected by the impacts of climate change at present and in the future. Their continued preservation requires understanding these impacts to their Outstanding Universal Value and responding to them effectively. World Heritage properties also harbour options for society to mitigate and adapt to climate change through the ecosystem benefits, such as water and climate regulation, that they provide and the carbon that is stored in World Heritage forest sites. Cultural heritage, on the other hand, can convey traditional knowledge that builds resilience for change to come and leads us to a more sustainable future. World Heritage properties serve as climate change observatories to gather and share information on applied and tested monitoring, mitigation and adaptation practices. The global network of World Heritage also helps raise awareness on the impacts of climate change on human societies and cultural diversity, biodiversity and ecosystem services, and the world’s natural and cultural heritage. Institutional frameworks for climate action within the World Heritage Convention The issue of the impacts of climate change on World Heritage natural and cultural properties was brought to the attention of the World Heritage Committee in 2005 by a group of concerned organisations and individuals. The Committee requested (Decision 29 COM 7B.a) the World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with the Convention’s Advisory Bodies, interested States Parties and the petitioners, to convene a broad working group of experts to review the nature and scale of the risks arising from climate change and prepare a strategy and report for dealing with the issue. In taking this decision the Committee noted ‘… that the impacts of climate change are affecting many and are likely to affect many more World Heritage properties, both natural and cultural, in the years to come’. The group of experts prepared a report on “Predicting and Managing the Effects of climate change on World Heritage’, as well as a ‘Strategy to Assist States Parties to the Convention to Implement Appropriate Management Responses”. The Committee reviewed and endorsed these two documents at its 30th session (Vilnius, 2006) (Decision 30 COM 7.1), and requested all States Parties to implement the strategy so as to protect the outstanding universal values, integrity and authenticity of the World Heritage properties from the adverse impacts of climate change. The Committee further requested the World Heritage Centre to develop, through a consultative process, a draft policy document on the impacts of climate change on World Heritage properties to be presented at the 31st session, and discussed subsequently at the General Assembly of States Parties in 2007. Accordingly, a Working Group meeting, comprising several experts and representatives of convention secretariats, was convened by the World Heritage Centre at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris on 5-6 February 2007. The draft ‘Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties’ was prepared following this meeting and reviewed by various experts, practitioners, as well as representatives of international organizations and the civil society. This draft Policy Document was discussed at the 31st session of the World Heritage Committee (Christchurch, New Zealand, 2007). The views expressed at the Committee were incorporated, and the revised Policy Document was presented to the General Assembly of States Parties at its 16th session (UNESCO, 2007). The General Assembly adopted the Policy Document and strongly recommended its use by all concerned. It also encouraged UNESCO and the Advisory Bodies to disseminate widely the Policy Document, the Report and the Strategy, including to the general public, and to promote their application. Since then, climate change has been a recurring conservation issue affecting the World Heritage properties around the world. In its Decision 39 COM 7 taken at its 39th session (Bonn, 2015), the World Heritage Committee acknowledged that World Heritage properties are increasingly affected by climate change, and encouraged States Parties to participate in the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2015, with a view to achieving a universal climate agreement and mobilize global climate action on the ground. The Committee also recalled its Decision 31 COM 7.1, adopted at its 31st session (Christchurch, 2007) in which it adopted a “carbon neutral policy, in view of its application for all future sessions, to the extent feasible”. Updating of the 2007 Policy Document on the impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage properties Since the adoption of the Policy Document, numerous reports on the state of conservation of World Heritage properties located in all regions were presented to the World Heritage Committee in relation to climate change impacts (see http://www.qiaolang0.icu/en/soc). ?Aware that knowledge related to adaptation and mitigation to climate change has drastically increased over the past 10 years, the World Heritage Committee requested the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies (Decision 40 COM?7) to periodically review and update the Policy Document, so as to make available the most current knowledge and technology on the subject to guide the decisions and actions of the World Heritage community.? The World Heritage Centre developed a project, with the objective to propose the updated Policy Document for consideration by the World Heritage Committee and to ensure its widespread communication and dissemination to all stakeholders concerned. The end purpose of this updated Policy Document is to provide States Parties with up-to-date climate-related knowledge, data and information services and policy advice that will better equip them towards the reinforced protection of the World Heritage properties and ensure their sustainability. At its 42nd session (Manama, 2018), the World Heritage Centre presented a progress report on this project to the World Heritage Committee, which expressed its gratitude to the State Party of the Netherlands for its generous support to the updating of the Policy Document (Decision?42?COM?7, para.32). At its 43rd session (Baku, 2019), the World Heritage Centre presented another progress report on this project to the World Heritage Committee, which noted with appreciation the initiatives already taken by the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to advance work on updating the Policy Document and to conduct a widespread online consultation with States Parties, Advisory Bodies and civil society (Decision 43 COM?7.2). The World Heritage Centre, with the assistance of the Advisory Bodies, identified two senior consultants to assist in this tasks and established an international Technical Advisory Group of experts in the fields of natural and cultural heritage, climate change, with a sound understanding of the processes of the Convention, with the main objectives to review a draft updated Policy Document and provide inputs. The Chairpersons of all six UNESCO Electoral Groups were consulted and invited to nominate two regional representatives and up to two observers to be part of this Technical Advisory Group. In addition to this fair representation of States Parties, this geographically and gender-balanced group also included representatives of the Advisory Bodies and the World Heritage Centre. The Technical Advisory Group assisted in defining a clear roadmap on the lead up to the presentation of the updated Policy Document to the Committee, and met several times online to review the draft updated Policy Document prepared by the two experts, to address the potential different viewpoints or approaches and to provide further guidance (both during the meetings and in writing, as needed). The various online meetings took place on 27-29 April, 4 June, 15-17 July and 22 September 2020. As part of the updating process, the World Heritage Centre also launched a wide online consultation of all stakeholders of the World Heritage Convention. This questionnaire was widely circulated to the World Heritage stakeholders, including States Parties, site managers, local communities, indigenous peoples, academics, NGOs, civil society, Advisory Bodies and the World Heritage Centre (also see http://www.qiaolang0.icu/en/news/2074/). The aim of this consultation was to gather feedback and comments from key World Heritage stakeholders of the Convention on this crucial matter. They were indeed invited to share their views, expectations and best practice examples, and were also requested to flag the importance of several aspects for their possible inclusion into the updated Policy Document. Over 360 contributions were submitted (see above for further details).? World Heritage resources for responding to climate change UNESCO has been at the forefront of exploring and managing the impacts of climate change on World Heritage. In 2006, under the guidance of the World Heritage Committee, it prepared a report on Predicting and Managing the Effects of Climate Change on World Heritage (2007), followed by a compilation of Case Studies on Climate Change and World Heritage, and a Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties in 2008. In May 2014, it published a practical guide to Climate Change Adaptation for Natural World Heritage Sites and continues to build the capacity of site managers to deal with climate change. World Heritage and Tourism in a Changing Climate? Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties? Report on predicting and managing the impacts of climate change on World Heritage and Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses Practical guide on Climate Change Adaptation for Natural World Heritage Sites Case Studies on Climate Change and World Heritage the state of conservation of World Heritage forests in 2011 Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Coral Reefs The World Heritage Review n°42, 74 and 77 have focused on issues of climate change and resilience. The World Heritage Review n°77 Reducing Disasters Risks at World Heritage Properties and World Heritage and Sustainable Development. Building capacities for resilient World Heritage UNESCO builds capacities of States Parties and other stakeholders to manage climate change impacts on World Heritage effectively and sustainably. The main aim of these efforts is to increase the capacity of these properties to continue to convey their Outstanding Universal Value and support sustainable development. Management of resilient World Heritage properties requires designing and implementing appropriate adaptation measures, complemented by activities that contribute to disaster risk management, climate change mitigation and sustainable development. In 2014, UNESCO supported capacity building of World Heritage site managers in Latin America and Africa on climate change adaptation for natural World Heritage based on the methodological guide developed. Four natural sites (2 in India and 2 in Kenya) took part as pilot sites in the preparation of the guide. These activities received financial support from the Netherlands Funds-in-Trust, the Flanders Funds-in-Trust and the Government of Belgium. UNESCO has also supported specific World Heritage sites on climate change adaptation and mitigation activities, including in Peru and Indonesia. UNESCO Director General’s Statement on Climate Change and World Heritage World Heritage Reports n°22 - Climate Change and World Heritage World Heritage Review Focuses on Climate Change Development of Policy Document on Impacts of Climate Change and World Heritage Working Group Meeting to Develop the Draft Policy Paper on Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties, 05-06 February 2007 Renewable Energy Transition and World Heritage Indicateurs thématiques pour la culture dans le Programme 2030 - Changement climatique & Résilience Mount Kenya Climate Change Adaptation plan Petition to the World Heritage Committee: The Role of Black Carbon in Endangering World Heritage Sites Threatened by Glacial Melt and Sea Level Rise (January 29, 2009) Policy document on the impacts of climate change on World Heritage Properties (2008) Rift Valley Lakes CC Adaptation Plan State Parties Responsibilities under the World Heritage Convention in the Context of Climate Change – Absolute Minimum Temperature Rise Necessary for Compliance with the World Heritage Convention, September 2008 The Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties Thematic indicator for Culture in the 2030 Agenda - Climate adaption & Resilience Document d’orientation sur l’impact du changement climatique sur les biens du patrimoine mondial (2007) Policy document on the impact of Climate Change on World Heritage properties (2007) Decisions (10) 43COM 7.2 Decision: 43COM 7.2 The World Heritage Committee, Having examined Documents WHC/19/43.COM/7, WHC/19/43.COM/7A, WHC/19/43.COM/7A.Add, WHC/19/43.COM/7A.Add.2, WHC/19/43.COM/7A.Add.3, WHC/19/43.COM/7B, WHC/19/43.COM/7B.Add, WHC/19/43.COM/7B.Add.2 and WHC/19/43.COM/7A.Add.3, Recalling Decisions 40?COM 7, 41?COM 7, and 42 COM 7, adopted at its 40th (Istanbul/UNESCO, 2016), 41st (Krakow, 2017) and 42nd (Manama, 2018) sessions respectively, Emergency situations resulting from conflicts Deplores the loss of human life as well as the degradation of humanitarian conditions resulting from the prevailing conflict situations in several countries, and expresses its utmost concern at the devastating damage sustained and the continuing threats facing cultural and natural heritage in general; Expresses its deep concern at the inter-community conflicts observed in Mali between the Dogon and Fulani communities, which have caused considerable loss of human life and significant damage to the cultural heritage, particularly within the World Heritage property of the Cliffs of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons); Thanks the State Party of Mali for the urgent actions that have been put in place to ensure the safety of communities in and around the property, and encourages the State Party, to also take into account in its actions the protection of the property’s rich cultural heritage, and to do so in collaboration with the stakeholders involved in the establishment of long-term peace in Mali; Welcomes the dispatch of a UNESCO mission to assess the damage caused to the property, and identify the needs related to the built and intangible cultural heritage and the objects and practices associated with the Cliffs of Bandiagara, in order to propose an Action Plan for the rehabilitation of the villages concerned; Urges again all parties associated with conflicts to refrain from any action that would cause further damage to cultural and natural heritage and to fulfill their obligations under international law by taking all possible measures to protect such heritage, in particular the safeguarding of World Heritage properties and the sites included in the Tentative List; Also urges again States Parties to adopt measures against using World Heritage properties for military purposes and to stop related uncontrolled development and impact; Reiterates its utmost concern about the continuing threats of wildlife poaching and illegal trafficking of wildlife products linked to impacts of conflict and organized crime, which is eroding the biodiversity and Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of many World Heritage sites across the world, and urges States Parties to take the necessary measures to curb this problem, including through the implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); Calls upon the international community to further support the safeguarding of the cultural and natural heritage of countries affected by conflict, through earmarked funds or through contributions to the UNESCO Heritage Emergency Fund; Appeals to all Member States of UNESCO to cooperate in the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural objects, as well as cultural heritage protection in general, including through the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2199 (2015), 2253 (2015) and 2347 (2017); Thanks the State Party of Poland for the efforts to widely disseminate the Warsaw Recommendation on Recovery and Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage, as well as the proceedings of the international conference "The Challenges of World Heritage Recovery" held in Warsaw in May 2018; Welcomes the policy document "Culture in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of cities", published by UNESCO and the World Bank, which contributes to the reflection launched on the challenges related to the reconstruction of World Heritage properties; Requests the World Heritage Centre, ICOMOS and ICCROM and the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention, to continue the reflection on the recovery and reconstruction of World Heritage properties, and requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies report back to the World Heritage Committee on the progress made in improving advice in this regard; Notes with appreciation the initiatives taken by the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to advance work on updating the Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage properties, including through a planned widespread online consultation with States Parties, Advisory Bodies and civil society; Requests that the development of the updated Policy Document be completed for consideration by the Committee at its 44th session in 2020; Welcomes the initiative taken by the World Heritage Centre together with a global private-public consortium of partners, to build climate adaptation strategies across five marine World Heritage sites in Australia, Belize, France and Palau; Urges all States Parties to step up action toward better understanding the climate vulnerability of World Heritage properties and put in place adaptation strategies that strengthen the resilience of properties and ensure the conservation of their Outstanding Universal Value. 42COM 7 Decision: 42COM 7 Having examined Documents WHC/18/42.COM/7, WHC/18/42.COM/7A, WHC/18/42.COM/7A.Add, WHC/18/42.COM/7A.Add.2, WHC/18/42.COM/7B and WHC/18/42.COM/7B.Add and WHC/18/42.COM/7B.Add.2, Recalling Decisions 40?COM 7 and 41?COM 7, adopted at its 40th (Istanbul/UNESCO, 2016) and 41st (Krakow, 2017) sessions respectively, Thanks the State Party of Bahrain for having organized a World Heritage Site Managers Forum (Manama, 2018), as a capacity-building exercise aiming at increasing the understanding of the World Heritage decision-making process among site managers, in order to achieve a more effective protection of the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV); acknowledges the importance and benefit of this Forum and considers that it should be convened in conjunction with all future sessions of the World Heritage Committee; Takes note of the Statement of Participants to the Forum and encourages States Parties to support the participation of their respective site managers to future fora and other capacity-building opportunities in order to enable them to provide appropriate information with regard to the management of their respective sites; Statutory matters related to Reactive Monitoring Reactive Monitoring evaluation Takes note with appreciation that the World Heritage Centre has launched an evaluation of the Reactive Monitoring process and thanks the State Party of Switzerland for its financial support to this activity; Notes with concern that some properties have remained on the List of World Heritage in Danger for more than ten years; this raises questions on whether the OUV has been maintained and requests the World Heritage Centre to establish an inclusive working mechanism for assessing the OUV of these sites, and to present a report during the 44th session; Urges States Parties along with other stakeholders to actively contribute to the evaluation of the Reactive Monitoring process to ensure this mechanism remains a valuable indicator and overview of the state of conservation of heritage; Also takes note that the Secretariat has prepared audio-visual communication and outreach material related to the List of World Heritage in Danger; Encourages all stakeholders of the World Heritage Convention to engage in the promotion of a better understanding of the implications and benefits of properties being inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, and to develop appropriate information material in this regard with a view to overcome the negative perceptions of the List of World Heritage in Danger; Requests that the Reactive Monitoring Evaluation includes options for process improvements for sites on the List of World Heritage in Danger, in particular how actions recommended by Reactive Monitoring missions to assist States Parties meet their Desired state of conservation should be incorporated into the costed Action Plans decided by the World Heritage Committee in its Decision 41 COM 14; Further requests the World Heritage Centre develop a proposal, for sharing in the World Heritage Market Place, for funds to support a workshop to assist States Parties with sites on the List of World Heritage in Danger to develop and implement prioritized, staged and costed actions plans, and notes that these plans can be linked to requests for international assistance and shared in the Market Place; Recognizing the importance of focusing on those properties of greatest concern, recommends that, with effect from the 43rd session of the Committee, the World Heritage Centre considers geographical and thematic distribution of properties as additional criteria when determining which properties to open for discussion under Agenda items 7A and 7B; Dialogue with civil society Welcomes the continued interest of civil society organizations in the Convention, acknowledging the important contribution that can be made to the promotion and conservation of heritage on the ground and to capacity-building; Also welcomes the initiative of the World Heritage Centre to open the consultation processes related to the Convention to a larger number of stakeholders, including civil society; Takes note of the World Heritage Civil Society Workshop organized further to the initiative of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in March 2018, which discussed how civil society participation in the Convention, and specifically in World Heritage Committee sessions, can be further improved; Encourages again States Parties and civil society organizations to continue to explore possibilities to further civil society engagement in the Convention, both by contributing to enhanced conservation of heritage on the site and national level and by providing relevant input to the heritage related debate at the global level; Deplores the loss of human life as well as the degradation of humanitarian conditions resulting from the conflict situations prevailing in several countries, and expresses its utmost concern at the devastating damage sustained and the continuing threats facing cultural and natural heritage in general; Urges all parties associated with conflicts to refrain from any action that would cause further damage to cultural and natural heritage and to fulfill their obligations under international law by taking all possible measures to protect such heritage, in particular the safeguarding of World Heritage properties and the sites included in the Tentative List; Also urges the States Parties to adopt measures against World Heritage properties being used for military purposes and to stop uncontrolled development; Also expresses its utmost concern about the impacts of conflicts causing an escalation of the already severe poaching crisis in central Africa, as armed groups are financing their activities through illegal wildlife trade, which is having a severe impact on wildlife populations, thereby degrading the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of natural World Heritage properties; Appeals to all Member States of UNESCO to cooperate in the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural objects and illegal wildlife trade, as well as cultural heritage protection in general, including through the implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2199 (2015), 2253 (2015) and 2347 (2017) and of the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import and Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property; Emergency situations resulting from natural disasters Welcomes the efforts undertaken by the World Heritage Centre to implement the Strategy for Reducing Risks from Disasters at World Heritage Properties; Urges States Parties, in coordination with the World Heritage Centre, to give priority within international assistance in implementing emergency measures to mitigate significant damages resulting from natural disasters that are likely to affect the Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage properties; Encourages States Parties and other stakeholders to further strengthen international cooperation aiming at mitigating impacts of major natural disasters affecting World Heritage properties and reducing vulnerabilities on lives, properties and livelihoods; Other conservation issues Thanks the Government of Poland for hosting the International Conference on Reconstruction “The Challenges of World Heritage Recovery” (Warsaw, 6-8 May 2018), providing a forum for review of specific case studies and understanding of the role of reconstruction in recovery, especially in post-conflict and post-disaster situations; Welcomes the Warsaw Recommendation providing clear principles on reconstruction and recovery and requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to broadly disseminate it among States Parties, World Heritage stakeholders and partner organizations; Also requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to continue the reflection and report back to its 43rd session in 2019 on the implementation of the Warsaw Recommendation; Encourages the ongoing cooperation with the World Bank and with United Nations agencies in addressing the challenges of World Heritage recovery and reconstruction; Expresses its continued concern about the impacts of climate change on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of World Heritage properties and reiterates the importance of States Parties undertaking the most ambitious implementation of the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), by holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and by pursuing efforts to limit the global average temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change; Notes with appreciation the initiatives taken by the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to advance work on the updating of the Policy Document on the impacts of climate change on World Heritage properties; Requests that the development of the updated Policy Document include consultation with States Parties, the Advisory Bodies and civil society, and be completed for consideration by the Committee at its 43rd session in 2019; Expresses its gratitude to the State Party of Germany for the organization of a workshop on World Heritage and Climate Change (Vilm, October 2017), to the State Party of the Netherlands for its generous support to the updating of the Policy Document and to the State Party of France for its generous support to the first global scientific assessment of climate change impacts on World Heritage-listed coral reefs; Thanks the Secretariat of the UNFCCC for its active participation in the above-mentioned workshop and inputs into the forthcoming broader Policy Document updating process; Absent or unclear boundaries Urges States Parties that still have properties with unclear boundaries and/or buffer zones to undertake the necessary mapping exercises to clarify their boundaries and buffer zones of properties at the time of their inscription, and submit those to the World Heritage Centre for subsequent examination by the World Heritage Committee; Reminds States Parties that any change to existing boundaries and buffer zones must be approved by the World Heritage Committee through the applicable procedures, as outlined in paragraphs 163-167 of the Operational Guidelines; Heritage Impact Assessments/Environmental Impact Assessments (HIAs/EIAs) Welcomes the increasing use of Heritage Impact Assessments (HIAs) to assess the potential impact of proposed development projects on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of cultural World Heritage properties, and encourages States Parties to use the HIA methodology for all developments within or otherwise affecting cultural World Heritage properties, as part of the accepted decision-making process; Stresses the necessity for HIAs and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) to be proportionate to the scope and scale of projects, with simpler assessments being undertaken for smaller projects and Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs) for very large projects, and the necessity for assessments to be undertaken in a timely fashion and submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies, as part of notifications made under Paragraph?172 of the Operational Guidelines; Reiterates that HIAs and EIAs should include a dedicated section examining the potential impact of the project on the OUV of the World Heritage property, in accordance with the existing ICOMOS Guidance and IUCN Advice Note; Notes that HIAs cannot be assessed as stand-alone documents and requests States Parties to ensure that when HIAs are submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies that they are accompanied by full details of the project to which they refer; Also welcomes the initiative of IUCN and ICCROM to develop further advice on impact assessment for cultural and natural heritage in the framework of the World Heritage Leadership programme with the support of Norway; Large scale development projects and Strategic Environmental Assessments Noting with concern that an increasing number of properties are threatened by large-scale development projects including dams, extractive industries, and transportation infrastructure, located both inside and outside their boundaries, Also noting that Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Heritage Impact Assessments (HIAs) do not always allow for a broad enough assessment of the potential impact of these large-scale developments, nor an assessment of a broad enough range of options at an early enough stage in the planning process, Requests States Parties to ensure that the potential impacts of such large-scale developments on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of World Heritage properties directly affected or located within their zone of influence are assessed through Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs) at an early stage in the development of the overall project, before locations/routes have been fixed and prior to any approvals being given; Recalling Article 6 of the Convention, also requests States Parties to systematically inform the World Heritage Centre, in accordance with Paragraph 172 of the Operational Guidelines, of any planned large-scale development projects in their territories that may impact on the OUV of a property, even if the property concerned is situated on the territory of other States Parties, and to ensure that these impacts are assessed as part of the SEA of the project concerned; Tourism and Visitor Management Acknowledging the contribution of sustainable tourism to the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development and the positive impact it can have on local communities and the protection of World Heritage properties, nevertheless notes with concern that the number of properties negatively affected by inadequate visitor management and tourism infrastructure development continues to increase; Requests States Parties to develop Visitor Management Plans that assess appropriate carrying capacity of properties for visitors and address the issue of unregulated tourism; Encourages the States Parties to support UNESCO in its effort to develop an overall Visitor Management Strategy for World Heritage, with policy recommendations to assist States Parties in addressing the issues of unregulated and unsustainable tourism use and development, and to provide resources to UNESCO for the implementation of the Strategy; Impact of sports facilities and activities on World Heritage properties Welcomes the continued agreement between IUCN and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) aiming at integrating biodiversity considerations in IOC’s processes, and takes note of the Sport and Biodiversity guide launched by IUCN as the first in a series of reports that will provide guidance to the sports sector regarding its potential impacts on nature, including on World Heritage properties Also welcomes the World Rowing Federation (FISA) commitment to respect and preserve the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of natural and mixed World Heritage properties, and calls on other Sport Federations to consider making similar commitments, including for all types of World Heritage, both natural and cultural; Dialogue with the extractive industries and the finance sector on the “No-go Commitment” Takes note of the continued dialogue between the World Heritage Centre and the extractive industries on extending the “No-go” commitment to other companies; Welcomes the growing interest from the investment sector for the conservation of World Heritage properties and strongly encourages all banks, investment funds, the insurance industry and other relevant private and public sector companies to integrate into their sustainability policies, provisions for ensuring that they are not financing projects that may negatively impact World Heritage properties and that the companies they are investing in subscribe to the “No-go commitment”, and invites them to lodge these policies with the UNESCO World Heritage Centre; Requests the World Heritage Centre, in cooperation with the Advisory Bodies, to continue the fruitful dialogue with extractive industries and the investment sector, including reflections on how to make these commitments and policies publically available online to inspire other companies in these sectors to follow suit; Earth Observation technologies Noting that Earth Observation satellite technologies and spatial analysis tools have tremendously improved over the past decade and that they provide powerful additional means for decision-makers and stakeholders of the Convention to find comprehensive solutions to today’s global challenges for World Heritage properties, Encourages States Parties to make full use of such Earth Observation technologies for the early detection of activities potentially harmful to the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of World Heritage properties, such as deforestation, mining, illegal fisheries, agricultural encroachment, etc. and to better understand trends and respond appropriately; Illegal trade in endangered species and the cooperation with the CITES Convention Reiterates its utmost concern about the growing impacts of the illegal trade in endangered species, which is affecting many natural World Heritage properties; Welcomes the increased attention to this threat and launches an appeal to all Member States of UNESCO to fully implement Resolution?71/326 of United Nations General Assembly on “Tackling illicit trafficking in wildlife”, including through the implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and with the full engagement of transit and destination countries; Also welcomes the continued fruitful cooperation between the World Heritage Centre, IUCN and the CITES Secretariat and invites the World Heritage Centre and IUCN to further strengthen this cooperation; Notes with concern the important number of properties significantly affected by invasive alien species (IAS); Recalls its encouragement to States Parties to develop adequately-resourced IAS strategies that emphasize prevention and early warning and rapid response in World Heritage properties; Strongly encourages States Parties to incorporate IAS response strategies into climate change mitigation policies for World Heritage properties. Recalling Decision 40 COM 7, adopted at its 40th session (Istanbul/UNESCO, 2016), Thanks the State Party of Poland, Host Country of the 41st session of the World Heritage Committee (Krakow, 2017), for having organized the first World Heritage Site Managers Forum, as a capacity-building exercise aiming at increasing the understanding of the World Heritage decision-making process among site managers, in order to achieve a more effective protection of the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV), takes note with appreciation of the World Heritage Site Managers’ Forum Statement and encourages the future Host Countries to continue this initiative and organize World Heritage Site Managers Forums in conjunction with the World Heritage Committee session; Takes note of the practices of the Secretariat to address mass campaigns on state of conservation issues; Recalling the importance of Paragraph 172 of the Operational Guidelines and its adequate implementation, further recalls Decision 40?COM?7, which requests the World Heritage Centre, in cooperation with the Advisory Bodies to evaluate the effectiveness of the Reactive Monitoring including procedures and case studies and to present a preliminary report for the consideration by the World Heritage Committee at its 42nd session in 2018, if funds are available; Deplores the conflict situation prevailing in several countries, the loss of human life as well as the degradation of humanitarian conditions and expresses its utmost concern at the damage sustained and the threats facing cultural and natural heritage in general; Also urges States Parties to adopt measures against using World Heritage properties for military purposes; Takes note of the progress made by the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to launch a reflection on a post-conflict recovery strategy, and of the support extended so far through technical assistance, capacity-building, and exchange of best practices in this regard, and recommends that further support for threatened or damaged World Heritage properties be pursued; Notes with concern that the conflict situation in several countries in the world has increased considerably the workload of the World Heritage Centre staff, and that an adequate implementation of the Action Plans for the Emergency Safeguarding of Cultural Heritage in Mali, Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen requires additional financial and human resources at the World Heritage Centre and in the UNESCO field offices; also notes the increased demands on the resources of the Advisory Bodies; Calls on the international community to provide financial support for the implementation of the UNESCO Action Plans for the Emergency Safeguarding of Cultural Heritage in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen, including for additional human resources at the World Heritage Centre and in the UNESCO field offices; Also expresses its utmost concern about the impacts of conflicts causing an escalation of the already severe poaching crisis, as armed groups are financing their activities through illegal wildlife trade, which is having a severe impact on African wildlife, and uncontrolled development, threatening the very survival of species and the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of natural World Heritage properties; Launches an appeal to all Member States of UNESCO to cooperate in the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural heritage objects (UNESCO 1970 Convention) and illegal wildlife trade, including through the implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and to pursue the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolutions regarding cultural heritage protection in conflict areas, especially Resolution 2199 and 2347; Noting the continued need to address the issue of reconstruction in World Heritage properties following conflicts or disasters, expresses its satisfaction that several international meetings have taken place or are being planned on recovery at large, and reconstruction in particular, and welcomes the offer of the Government of Poland to host an international conference on Reconstruction to provide guidelines to the World Heritage Committee to be held in Warsaw in March 2018; Encourages the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to continue, with all relevant stakeholders, the reflection on reconstruction within World Heritage properties as a complex multi-disciplinary process, towards developing new guidance to reflect the multi-faceted challenges that reconstruction brings, its social and economic context, the short- and long-term needs of properties, and the idea of reconstruction as a process that should be undertaken within the framework of the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the properties; Urges States Parties to include risk mitigation measures in the management plans of World Heritage properties to address the potential effects of conflicts or disasters on their integrity; Also encourages the inclusion of capacity-building initiatives in the framework of recovery plans; Requests the States Parties involved in reconstruction projects to maintain dialogue and close consultation and cooperation with the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies; Recalls its Decision 40 COM 7 in relation to Climate Change, and requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to pursue the implementation of this Decision as a priority, within available resources; Expresses its utmost concern regarding the reported serious impacts from coral bleaching that have affected World Heritage properties in 2016-17 and that the majority of World Heritage Coral Reefs are expected to be seriously impacted by Climate Change; Noting that the World Heritage Centre, in consultation with IUCN, has initiated a scientific assessment by independent experts to better understand the impacts of Climate Change on coral reef World Heritage properties, also requests the World Heritage Centre and IUCN, as resources allow, to complete this assessment as soon as possible, and to ensure its findings are communicated effectively, and further requests the World Heritage Centre and Advisory Bodies to further study the current and potential impacts of Climate Change on the OUV of World Heritage properties; Reiterates the importance of States Parties undertaking the most ambitious implementation of the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by “holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and by pursuing efforts to limit the global average temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, recognizing that this would significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change” and strongly invites all States Parties to ratify the Paris Agreement at the earliest possible opportunity and to undertake actions to address Climate Change under the Paris Agreement consistent with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances, that are fully consistent with their obligations within the World Heritage Convention to protect the OUV of all World Heritage properties; Takes note with satisfaction of the updated UNESCO Strategy for Action on Climate Change, approved by the UNESCO Executive Board at its 201st session in April 2017 (201 EX/Decision 5.I.B), and invites all States Parties to engage fully with the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies, for its effective implementation; Also recalls the need for all States Parties to continue, and where necessary to strengthen all efforts to build resilience of World Heritage properties to Climate Change, including by further reducing to the greatest extent possible all other pressures and threats, and by developing and implementing climate adaptation strategies for properties at risk of Climate Change impacts; Requests furthermore the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to report on progress in relation to action on World Heritage and Climate Change, and to present, subject to available time and resources, a proposed update to the “Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties”, for possible consideration by the World Heritage Committee at its 42nd session in 2018, and notes with appreciation the willingness of civil society groups to engage in this process; Urban pressure Noting that the increasing urban pressure in and around numerous World Heritage properties has become a major threat to their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV), Taking note of the outcomes of the Habitat III Conference and notably the adoption of the “New Urban Agenda”, Also taking note of the necessity to pursue the application of the Historic Urban Landscape approach towards a more effective and durable conservation and management of the urban heritage inscribed on the World Heritage List, and requests the States Parties to fully consider the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)?; Calls on States Parties to take into account the recommendations of the Global Report on Culture for Sustainable Urban Development and take the necessary measures to integrate the role of culture in sustainable urban development in order to achieve SDG?11?–?Target 4; Notes with concern increasing vandalism at World Heritage properties and encourages States Parties to improve monitoring and security measures as well as awareness raising on the detrimental effects of vandalism, and to consider introducing creative solutions to allow visitors to express themselves without leaving permanent marks or damage; Disasters Risk Reduction Welcomes the Action Plan for the implementation of the Strategy for reinforcing UNESCO’s action for the protection of culture and the promotion of cultural pluralism in the event of armed conflict (hereafter the Strategy), adopted by the UNESCO General Conference in 2015 (38 C/Res.48), whose implementation would be of great importance for the protection of World Heritage in situations of armed conflicts and disasters associated with natural and human-made hazards; Encourages States Parties to provide support to the implementation of the Strategy and its Action Plan, including through contributions to the Heritage Emergency Fund, as well as in kind contributions and advocacy at the highest international levels for the integration of a concern for culture in key international humanitarian, development, and peacekeeping operations; Recalling its Decision 39 COM 7, adopted at its 39th session (Bonn, 2015), Noting with concern the continued threat posed by invasive alien species on natural World Heritage properties, strongly encourages the States Parties to develop adequately resourced invasive alien species strategies that emphasize prevention and early warning and rapid response in World Heritage properties; Illegal trade of wildlife species Reiterates its utmost concern about the continued impacts of poaching and illegal logging on World Heritage properties driven primarily by the illegal trade of wildlife species and its products, and requests the World Heritage Centre and IUCN to take action, as resources permit, to strengthen the collaboration between the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the World Heritage Convention; Reiterates its appeal to all Member States of UNESCO to cooperate in the fight against the illicit trade in wildlife and its products, including through the implementation of the CITES, and with the full engagement of transit and destination countries; Integrated approaches for the conservation of natural and cultural heritage Recalling that the World Heritage Convention explicitly links the concepts of cultural and natural heritage, highlights the importance of promoting integrated approaches that strengthen holistic governance, improve conservation outcomes and contribute to sustainable development; Notes with appreciation the growing interest and efforts by the States Parties and heritage practitioners to develop and apply integrated approaches to conservation of natural and cultural heritage, and encourages the States Parties, the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies, in cooperation with universities and other relevant actors, to continue and expand these efforts, in accordance with the Policy Document for the integration of a Sustainable Development Perspective into the Processes of the Convention (2015); List of World Heritage in Danger Reiterates its request to the World Heritage Centre, in consultation with the Advisory Bodies and States Parties, to promote better understanding of the implications and benefits of properties being inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, and to develop appropriate information material in this regard with a view to overcome the negative perceptions of the List of World Heritage in Danger. The information material should highlight the importance of the protection of the Outstanding Universal Value; Takes note with appreciation of the Chairperson of the 41st session of the World Heritage Committee’s initiative on structured dialogue with civil society and encourages States Parties and civil society organizations to continue exploring possibilities how civil society can further contribute to enhanced conservation of heritage on the site and national level and provide relevant input to the heritage related debate at the global level; Notes, in conformity with Resolution 20 GA 13 of the General Assembly of the World Heritage Convention and the Decision 39 COM 11 (Bonn, 2015) of the World Heritage Committee, the establishment of the International Indigenous Peoples Forum on World Heritage as an important reflection platform on the involvement of Indigenous Peoples in the identification, conservation and management of World Heritage properties, with a particular focus on the nomination process. Having examined Documents WHC/16/40.COM/7, WHC/16/40.COM/7A, WHC/16/40.COM/7A.Add, WHC/16/40.COM/7A.Add.2, WHC/16/40.COM/7B, WHC/16/40.COM/7B.Add and WHC/16/40.COM/7B.Add.2, Recalling Decision 39 COM 7, adopted at its 39th session (Bonn, 2015), Emergency situation resulting from conflicts Urges the States Parties to ratify international instruments such as the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and implores States Parties associated with conflicts to refrain from any action that would cause further damage to cultural and natural heritage and to fulfil their obligations under international law by taking all possible measures to protect such heritage, in particular the safeguarding of World Heritage properties and the sites included in the Tentative List; Also urges the States Parties to adopt measures that oppose World Heritage properties being used for military purposes; Notes with concern that the conflict situation in several countries in the world has increased considerably the work load of the World Heritage Centre staff, and that an adequate implementation of the Action Plans for the Emergency Safeguarding of Cultural Heritage in Mali, Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen requires additional financial and human resources at the World Heritage Centre and in the UNESCO field offices; also notes the increased demands on the resources of the Advisory Bodies; Also expresses its utmost concern about the impacts of conflicts causing an escalation of the already severe poaching crisis, as armed groups are financing their activities through illegal wildlife trade, which is having a severe impact on African wildlife, threatening the very survival of species and the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of World Heritage properties; Launches an appeal to all Member States of UNESCO to cooperate in the fight against the illicit trafficking of cultural heritage objects and illegal wildlife trade, including through the implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the ratification of the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property and to pursue the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2199 of February 2015 regarding Syria and Iraq; Noting that the recent and wide-ranging deliberate destruction of World Heritage properties as a result of armed conflict in Syria, Yemen, Libya, Iraq, Mali and Nigeria, and the devastating earthquakes in Nepal, have brought sharply into focus the issue of reconstruction in World Heritage properties; that several international meetings have taken place or are being planned on reconstruction; and that guidance within the Operational Guidelines is currently inadequate, Recommends that more in depth reflection is needed on reconstruction within World Heritage properties as a complex multi-disciplinary process, and that consideration should be given to developing new guidance to reflect the multi-faceted challenges that reconstruction brings, its social and economic context, the short- and long-term needs of properties, and the idea of reconstruction as a process that should be undertaken within the framework of the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the properties; Welcomes the offer of the Government of Poland to host an international conference on Reconstruction to provide guidelines to the World Heritage Committee; Taking note of the agreement reached during the 21st conference (COP21) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in 2015, requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses to the adverse effects of Climate Change; Recommends that the World Heritage Centre strengthen its relations with other organizations working on Climate Change, particularly with the UNFCCC and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) secretariats, and specifically with regard to the effect of Climate Change on World Heritage properties, and also requests the States Parties, the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to work with IPCC with the objective of including a specific chapter on natural and cultural World Heritage in future IPCC assessment reports; Further requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to periodically review and update the “Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage properties”, so as to make available the most current knowledge and technology on the subject to guide the decisions and actions of the World Heritage community; Notes with significant concern that an increasing number of properties are facing potential threats from major dam projects, considers that the construction of dams with large reservoirs within the boundaries of World Heritage properties is incompatible with their World Heritage status, and urges States Parties to ensure that the impacts from dams that could affect properties located upstream or downstream within the same river basin are rigorously assessed in order to avoid impacts on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV); Noting with significant concern that World Heritage properties are increasingly threatened by extractive industries, as confirmed by the 2014 IUCN World Heritage Outlook report, by the World Heritage Centre’s analysis of issues reported in state of conservation reports also revealing the potential threat from extractive activities to cultural properties, and by the 2016 report by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), welcomes the “No-go” commitments to World Heritage properties made by Tullow Oil plc and CEMEX in November 2015 and April 2016 respectively, and reiterates its call on other extractive industry companies and investment banks to follow these examples to further extend the “No-go” commitment; Recalling Decision 37 COM 7, once again urges all States Parties to the Convention and leading industry stakeholders to respect the “No-go” commitment by not permitting extractive activities within World Heritage properties, and by making every effort to ensure that extractives companies located in their territory cause no damage to World Heritage properties, in line with Article 6 of the Convention; Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)/Heritage Impact Assessments (HIAs) Notes with concern that a majority of properties potentially affected by proposed development projects, proposed legal instruments, and proposed management systems have not benefited from an assessment of impacts on their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) in line with IUCN’s World Heritage Advice Note on Environmental Assessment and ICOMOS’ Guidance on Heritage Impact Assessments for Cultural World Heritage Properties, and requests all States Parties to the Convention to ensure that potential direct, indirect and cumulative impacts on the OUV, including from projects located outside the boundaries of natural and/or cultural World Heritage properties, are specifically assessed within the framework of the EIA and HIA required by the applicable laws and regulations, and that reports of such assessments are submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review by the Advisory Bodies, in accordance with Paragraph 172 of the Operational Guidelines; Recalls Article 6 of the Convention according to which “Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to take any deliberate measures which might damage directly or indirectly the cultural and natural heritage […] situated on the territory of other States Parties to this Convention”, and also requests all States Parties to the Convention to ensure that EIAs and HIAs include an assessment of impacts on the OUV of World Heritage properties situated on the territory of other States Parties, as appropriate; Further requests the Advisory Bodies, in consultation with the World Heritage Centre, to consider opportunities to streamline their guidance on impact assessment in order to develop one single guidance document for the assessment of impacts on both natural and cultural properties; Integrated management, Decision making, Governance Noting with concern that the lack of an integrated management approach is reported to cause challenges to the coordination of management and decision making processes of properties where different authorities are involved, in particular in the cases of mixed, serial, and transboundary properties, urges States Parties to establish appropriate mechanisms in order to facilitate a coordinated approach to the management of all properties, in line with the requirements of the Operational Guidelines as laid out in Paragraphs 112, 114, and 135, and encourages States Parties with contiguous natural properties on either side of their international borders, which are not listed as transboundary properties, to establish appropriate mechanisms for cooperation between their respective management authorities and ministries; Also encourages States Parties to promote recognition and awareness across all relevant national and regional agencies of the World Heritage status of the properties on their territory, and to develop mechanisms to ensure consideration of impacts on Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) in the decision making processes of relevant ministries, before permits are issued for developments that could negatively impact the OUV; Ground transport infrastructures Notes with concern that the number of cases of ground transport infrastructure having potential impact on the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of World Heritage properties is continuing to grow, and calls upon States Parties to carry out Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs) early in the process of transportation planning to allow for potential impacts of the OUV, including those resulting from foreseeable associated future developments, to be identified prior to the development of specific projects; Encourages States Parties to carry out Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and Heritage Impact Assessments (HIA) on ground transport projects, once they are designed, with multiple options to ensure that transportation needs can be met with minimal impacts on the OUV of World Heritage properties; Takes note of its discussions under agenda items 7A and 7B, and requests the World Heritage Centre, in consultation with the Advisory Bodies and States Parties, to promote better understanding of the implications and benefits of properties being inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, and to develop appropriate information material in this regard with a view to overcome the negative perceptions of the List of World Heritage in Danger. The information material should highlight the importance of the protection of the OUV; Reactive Monitoring Requests the World Heritage Centre, in cooperation with the Advisory Bodies to evaluate the effectiveness of the Reactive Monitoring including procedures and case studies and to present a preliminary report for the consideration by the World Heritage Committee at its 42nd session in 2018, if funds are available. Having examined Document WHC-15/39.COM/7, Recalling Decision 38 COM 7, adopted at its 38th session (Doha, 2014), and the Bonn Declaration on World Heritage adopted on 29 June 2015, Conflict situation in the Arab States Region Deplores the conflict situation prevailing in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen, the loss of human life as well as the degradation of humanitarian conditions and expresses its utmost concern at the damage sustained and the threats facing these properties and cultural heritage in general; Urges all parties associated with conflicts to refrain from any action that would cause further damage to cultural heritage and to fulfil their obligations under international law by taking all possible measures to protect such heritage, in particular the safeguarding of World Heritage properties and the sites included in the Tentative List; Also urges the States Parties to adopt measures for the evacuation of World Heritage properties being used for military purposes; Launches an appeal to all Member States of UNESCO to cooperate in combatting the illicit trafficking of cultural heritage, in particular coming from Syria and Iraq as per the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2199 of February 2015; Recommends that the World Heritage Centre and Advisory Bodies develop a post-conflict strategy, including means to extend support for reconstruction of damaged World Heritage properties through technical assistance, capacity-building, and exchange of best practices taking into account the conclusions made by the two seminars recently held by World Heritage Centre and ICOMOS on this subject; Emerging and recurring conservation issues Takes note of the increasing number of State of Conservation reports due to inadequate management systems or plans and urges States Parties to ensure that management systems and plans are in place at the time of inscription; Notes with utmost concern, the continuously increasing pressure associated with and the growing impacts from poaching on the Outstanding Universal Value of many natural World Heritage properties and the increasing involvement of organized crime, and reiterates its call for strong international collaboration and coordination inter alia with the Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and with the full engagement of transit and destination countries to control the illicit trade in wildlife and its products; Notes with concern the significant threat posed by invasive species to natural World Heritage properties, strongly encourages States Parties to develop adequately resourced strategies to eradicate invasive species in World Heritage properties and prevent their (re-)introduction and/or establishment, and also calls on the international community to support invasive species eradication campaigns in affected properties; Taking note of the benefits to States Parties of systematically utilizing Heritage Impact Assessments (HIAs) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) in the review of development projects, encourages States Parties to integrate the EIA/HIA processes into legislation, planning mechanisms and management plans, and reiterates its recommendation to States Parties to use these tools in assessing projects, including assessment of cumulative impacts, as early as possible and before any final decision is taken, and, taking into account the need for capacity-building in this regard, requests the States Parties to contribute financially and technically towards the development of further guidance regarding EIA/HIA implementation, by the Advisory Bodies and the World Heritage Centre, based on case studies and field experience; Acknowledging that World Heritage properties are being increasingly affected by Climate Change, also strongly encourages States Parties to participate in the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in December 2015, with a view to achieving a universal climate agreement and mobilize global climate action on the ground, and recalls its Decision 31 COM 7.1, adopted at its 31st session (Christchurch, 2007) in which it adopted a carbon neutral policy, in view of its application for all future sessions, to the extent feasible; Appreciates the constructive dialogue, which has taken place between the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the World Heritage Centre and IUCN, and also requests that this dialogue be extended to the other Advisory Bodies to ensure that cultural aspects are also taken into account in the future; Knowledge management of the state of conservation reports? Urges States Parties to submit to the Committee through the Secretariat, by the statutory deadline set and in one of the working languages of the World Heritage Convention (English or French), their reports on the state of conservation of specific properties (Paragraph 169 of the Operational Guidelines), in order to allow for sufficient time for consultation and informed decision making at the Committee sessions; Adopts the revised format below for the submission of state of conservation reports by the States Parties, decides that this revised format is compulsory and applies with immediate effect, and that it should be included in the Operational Guidelines, and reminds States Parties that these reports must be submitted in one of the working languages of the Convention (English or French): Name of World Heritage property (State(s) Party(ies)) (Identification number) Executive Summary of the report [Note: each of the sections described below should be summarized. The maximum length of the executive summary is 1 page.] Response to the Decision of the World Heritage Committee [Note: State(s) Party(ies) are requested to address the most recent Decision of the World Heritage Committee for this property, paragraph by paragraph.] If the property is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in?Danger Please also provide detailed information on the following: Progress achieved in implementing the corrective measures adopted by the World Heritage Committee [Note: please address each corrective measure individually, providing factual information, including exact dates, figures, etc.] If needed, please describe the success factors or difficulties in implementing each of the corrective measures identified Is the timeframe for implementing the corrective measures suitable? If not, please propose an alternative timeframe and an explanation why this alternative timeframe is required. Progress achieved towards the Desired state of conservation for the removal of the property from the List of World Heritage in Danger (DSOCR) Other current conservation issues identified by the State(s) Party(ies) which may have an impact on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value [Note: this includes conservation issues which are not mentioned in the Decision of the World Heritage Committee or in any information request from the World Heritage Centre] In conformity with Paragraph 172 of the Operational Guidelines, describe any potential major restorations, alterations and/or new construction(s) intended within the property, the buffer zone(s) and/or corridors or other areas, where such developments may affect the Outstanding Universal Value of the property, including authenticity and integrity. Public access to the state of conservation report [Note: this report will be uploaded for public access on the World Heritage Centre’s State of conservation Information System (http://www.qiaolang0.icu/en/soc). Should your State Party request that the full report should not be uploaded, only the 1-page executive summary provided in point (1.) above will be uploaded for public access]. Signature of the Authority Notes with appreciation the high number of States Parties which have authorized the public upload of their state of conservation reports, facilitating their consultation by all stakeholders of the Convention and contributing to an improved transparency of the reactive monitoring process, and reiterates its encouragement to all States Parties to continue do so in the future. 33COM 7C Decision: 33COM 7C 1. Having examined Documents WHC-09/33.COM/7B and WHC-09/33.COM/7B.Add, 2. Recalling Decision 32 COM 7B.129, adopted at its 32nd session (Quebec City, 2008), 3. Takes note of the process being followed to consult State Parties to ensure the accuracy of the state of conservation reports during their preparation, as presented in the introduction of Document WHC-09/33.COM/7B and requests the World Heritage Centre to make every effort to ensure that States Parties' input is included in these reports before they are distributed; 4. Recognizes the efforts on the inclusion of references in the Working Documents on State of Conservation to the image gallery of the web-pages of the World Heritage Centre and encourages States Parties to provide the World Heritage Centre, whenever possible, with verified electronic illustrative material; 5. Considers that its request, in Decision 32 COM 7B.129, to add a link to illustrative material also aimed at providing background information on cases indicating the potential of visual impact on the Outstanding Universal Value of a property and to make visual impact simulations provided by States Parties available to Members of the Word Heritage Committee; 6. Encourages States Parties to provide electronic illustrations of proposed projects in their State of Conservation Reports and to make these available to the Members of the World Heritage Committee; 7. Acknowledging the increasing number of State of Conservation reports and that reviewing these is a key tool for ensuring the effective conservation and credibility of World Heritage properties, 8. Noting the results of the analytical document on trends provided with Circular Letter CL/WHC-09/03 and the in-depth discussion that took place at the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee, 9. Also noting the increasing number of natural disasters affecting World Heritage properties, requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to prepare a report on the progress made in the implementation of the Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction at World Heritage properties and submit it for the examination by the Committee at its 34th session in 2010, 10. Also considers it desirable to receive from the World Heritage Centre a methodological framework for the processes of: a) Initiating the consideration of a property in the State of Conservation reports, b) Requesting a State Party progress or state of conservation report within a defined timeframe, and c) Evaluating desired State of Conservation Statements submitted by State Parties; 11. Requests the World Heritage Centre to: a) Prepare, in cooperation with the Advisory Bodies, information on criteria, thresholds and processes applied for the initiation of State of Conservation reports and review of Desired State of Conservation statements for discussion at the 34th session of the World Heritage Committee in 2010; b) Also prepare, in consultation with the Chairperson of the World Heritage Committee, a summary of the trends, changes and threats based on an analytical summary of the state of conservation of World Heritage properties over 5 years for discussion at the 34th session of the World Heritage Committee in 2010, with a view to make recommendations for prioritizing management efforts in the context of the Global Strategy; 12. Further requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies, when preparing state of conservation reports, to distinguish between issues that impact or have the potential to impact on a site's Outstanding Universal Value from issues that may impact values that are not recognized as being of Outstanding Universal Value; 13. Notes that all reactive monitoring missions proposed in the draft decisions on State of Conservation of properties on the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger are currently suggested to be joint missions of the World Heritage Centre and at least one Advisory Body, and considers that this has the potential to increase the overall budgetary requirements for missions and human resources; 14. Requests the World Heritage Centre to introduce a section on proposed missions to the relevant State of Conservation reports which outlines the objectives of a proposed mission as well as the specific roles and tasks of all bodies involved; 15. Also notes the petition on the Role of Black Carbon in the endangering of World Heritage properties and encourages all States Parties to exchange information on existing national policies, regulations and opportunities for immediate voluntary action to control the generation of black carbon that can affect World Heritage properties; 16. Also requests the World Heritage Centre and Advisory Bodies to adopt a consistent approach to reporting on the impact of climate change on World Heritage properties and to ensure that future decisions in this respect are based on the Committee's Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses to climate change; 17. Further noting the profusion of terms used to describe the spatial and functional relationships among World Heritage properties, their buffer zones and the areas around these properties, requests the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to develop a glossary of terms in this respect, as well as proposed revisions to the Operational Guidelines regarding buffer zones, taking into account the results of the Expert Meeting on this issue for consideration by the World Heritage Committee at its 34th session in 2010; 18. Also encourages all States Parties to fully implement paragraph 172 of the Operational Guidelines by informing the World Heritage Centre of restorations, constructions and other projects that may affect the Outstanding Universal Value of a property in their territory. 32COM 7A.32 Decision: 32COM 7A.32 1. Having examined Document WHC-08/32.COM/7A, 2. Recalling Decisions 29 COM 7B.a, 30 COM 7.1 and 31 COM 7.1, adopted at its 29th (Durban, 2005), 30th (Vilnius, 2006) and 31st (Christchurch, 2007) sessions respectively, 3. Also recalling Resolution 16 GA 10, adopted by the General Assembly of States Parties to the World Heritage Convention at its 16th session (UNESCO, 2007), 4. Noting the real danger from climate change faced by many World Heritage properties, 5. Decides to adopt the criteria proposed for assessing properties which are most threatened by climate change for inclusion on the List of World Heritage in Danger, noting that the emphasis of the corrective measures to be recommended should be on "adaptation" rather than on "mitigation"; 6. Approves the following amendments to the Operational Guidelines: a) Amendment to Paragraph 179 (b) (vi): threatening impacts of climatic, geological or other environmental factors. gradual changes due to geological, climatic or other environmental factors. b) New Paragraph : Paragraph 180 (b)(v): threatening impacts of climatic, geological or other environmental factors. c) Amendment to Paragraph 181: In addition, the factor or factors which are threatening threats and/or their deleterious impacts on the integrity of the property must be those which are amenable to correction by human action. In the case of cultural properties, both natural factors and man-made factors may be threatening, while in the case of natural properties, most threats will be man-made and only very rarely a natural factor (such as an epidemic disease) will threaten the integrity of the property. In some cases, the factor or factors which are threatening threats and/or their deleterious impacts on the integrity of the property may be corrected by administrative or legislative action, such as the cancelling of a major public works project or the improvement of legal status. 16GA 10 Decision: 16GA 10 The General Assembly, Having examined Document WHC-07/16.GA/10, Recalling Decisions 30 COM 7.1 and 31 COM 7.1, adopted respectively at the 30th (Vilnius, 2006) and 31st (Christchurch, 2007) sessions of the World Heritage Committee, Taking into account the relevant issues identified in the recent Thematic Debate of the Executive Board on UNESCO’s role in addressing climate change within its mandated areas of competence and also noting the upcoming meetings on climate change in Bali in December 2007 (Thirteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP 13) and the third meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 3), Bali, Indonesia, 3 to 14 December 2007) and in Denmark in 2009 (Fifteenth session of the Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC (COP 15) and the fifth meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP 5), Copenhagen, Denmark, 30 November 2009 - 11 December 2009); Adopts the “Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties” and strongly recommends its use by all concerned, together with the report on “Predicting and Managing the impacts of climate change on World Heritage” and the “Strategy to Assist States Parties to Implement Appropriate Management Responses” contained in World Heritage Paper No: 22; Encourages UNESCO and the Advisory Bodies to disseminate widely the Policy Document, the Report and Strategy, referred to in paragraph 2 above, and other relevant publications to all concerned, including the general public, and promote their application; Requests the World Heritage Committee to institute a mechanism for the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to periodically review and update the Policy Document, and other related documents, so as to make available the most current knowledge and technology on the subject to guide the decisions and actions of the World Heritage community. Urges the States Parties to participate in the United Nations climate change conferences with a view to achieving a comprehensive post-Kyoto agreement, and to fund and support the research needs as identified in the adopted Policy document. Further requests the Director-General and the World Heritage Committee to strengthen its relations with all organizations working with climate change particularly the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) secretariats, and specifically with regards to the effect of climate change on World Heritage properties, with a view to delivering as one UN. 1. Having examined Document WHC-06/30.COM/7.1, 2. Recalling Decision 29 COM 7B.a adopted at its 29th session (Durban, 2005), 3. Also recalling the submission in 2005 of four petitions by civil society and non-governmental organizations on the impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage properties, complemented by an additional petition in February 2006, 4. Further recalling paragraph 44 of the Operational Guidelines, 5. Thanks the Government of the United Kingdom for having funded the meeting of experts, which took place on the 16th and 17th of March 2006 at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, and also thanks the United Nations Foundation for its support, as well as all the experts who contributed to the meeting; 6. Endorses the "Strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses" described in Document WHC-06/30.COM/7.1, and requests the Director of the World Heritage Centre to lead the implementation of the "Global level actions" described in the Strategy through extrabudgetary funding and also takes note of the report on "Predicting and managing the impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage"; 7. Encourages UNESCO, including the World Heritage Centre, and the Advisory Bodies to disseminate widely this strategy, the report, and any other related publications through appropriate means to the World Heritage community and the broader public; 8. Requests States Parties and all partners concerned to implement this strategy to protect the Outstanding Universal Value, integrity and authenticity of World Heritage sites from the adverse effects of Climate Change, to the extent possible and within the available resources, recognizing that there are other international instruments for coordinating the response to this challenge; 9. Invites States Parties, the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies to build on existing Conventions and programmes listed in Annex 4 of Document WHC-06/30.COM/7.1, in accordance with their mandates and as appropriate, in their implementation of Climate Change related activities; 10. Also requests States Parties, the World Heritage Centre, and the Advisory Bodies to seek ways to integrate, to the extent possible and within the available resources, this strategy into all the relevant processes of the World Heritage Convention including: nominations, reactive monitoring, periodic reporting, international assistance, capacity building, other training programmes, as well as with the "Strategy for reducing risks from disasters at World Heritage properties" (WHC-06/30.COM/7.2); 11. Strongly encourages the World Heritage Centre and the Advisory Bodies in collaboration with States Parties and other relevant partners to develop proposals for the implementation of pilot projects at specific World Heritage properties especially in developing countries, with a balance between natural and cultural properties as well as appropriate regional proposals, with the objective of developing best practices for implementing this Strategy including preventive actions, corrective actions and sharing knowledge, and recommends to the international donor community to support the implementation of such pilot projects; 12. Further requests the States Parties and the World Heritage Centre to work with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with the objective of including a specific chapter on World Heritage in future IPCC assessment reports; 13. Requests the World Heritage Centre to prepare a policy document on the impacts of climate change on World Heritage properties involving consultations with relevant climate change experts and practitioners of heritage conservation and management, appropriate international organizations and civil society, to be discussed at the General Assembly of States Parties in 2007. A draft of the document should be presented to the 31st session in 2007 for comments. This draft should include considerations on: ??????a) Synergies between conventions on this issue, ??????b) Identification of future research needs in this area, ?????? c) Legal questions on the role of the World Heritage?? Convention with regard to suitable responses to Climate Change, ?????? d) Linkages to other UN and international bodies dealing with the issues of climate change, ?????? e) Alternative mechanisms, other than the List of World Heritage in Danger, to address concerns of international implication, such as climatic change ; 14. Considers that the decisions to include properties on the List of World Heritage in Danger because of threats resulting from climate change are to be made by the World Heritage Committee, on a case-by-case basis, in consultation and cooperation with States Parties, taking into account the input from Advisory Bodies and NGOs, and consistent with the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. 29COM 7B.a Decision: 29COM 7B.a 1. Having examined Document WHC-05/29.COM/7B.Rev and the Draft Decision 29 COM 7B.a.Rev, 2. Recognizing the work being undertaken within the framework of the UN Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), and the need for a proper coordination of such work with the activities under the Convention, 3. Takes note of the four petitions seeking to have Sagarmatha National Park (Nepal), Huascaran National Park (Peru), the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) and the Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System (Belize) included on the List of World Heritage in Danger; 4. Appreciates the genuine concerns raised by the various organizations and individuals supporting these petitions relating to threats to natural World Heritage properties that are or may be the result of climate change; 5. Further notes that the impacts of climate change are affecting many and are likely to affect many more World Heritage properties, both natural and cultural in the years to come; 6. Encourages all States Parties to seriously consider the potential impacts of climate change within their management planning, in particular with monitoring, and risk preparedness strategies, and to take early action in response to these potential impacts; 7. Requests the World Heritage Centre, in collaboration with the Advisory Bodies, interested States Parties and petitioners, to establish a broad working group of experts to: a) review the nature and scale of the risks posed to World Heritage properties arising specifically from climate change; and b) jointly develop a strategy to assist States Parties to implement appropriate management responses; 8. Welcomes the offer by the State Party of the United Kingdom to host a meeting of such working group of experts; 9. Requests that the working group of experts, in consultation with the World Heritage Centre, the Advisory Bodies and other relevant UN bodies, prepare a joint report on “Predicting and managing the effects of climate change on World Heritage”, to be examined by the Committee at its 30th session (Vilnius, 2006); 10. Strongly encourages States Parties and the Advisory Bodies to use the network of World Heritage properties to highlight the threats posed by climate change to natural and cultural heritage, start identifying the properties under most serious threats, and also use the network to demonstrate management actions that need to be taken to meet such threats, both within the properties and in their wider context; 11. Also encourages UNESCO to do its utmost to ensure that the results about climate change affecting World Heritage properties reach the public at large, in order to mobilize political support for activities against climate change and to safeguard in this way the livelihood of the poorest people of our planet. Netherlands Funds-in-Trust Launch of an Online Consultation on the updating of the “Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage properties” 30-Dec-2019 Heritage experts meet to examine update of World Heritage policy on climate change 27-Oct-2017 World Heritage and Tourism report shows sites at risk from climate change 26-May-2016 World Heritage Centre Director Mechtild Rossler discusses impact of climate change on World Heritage sites 19-Dec-2015 UNESCO publishes a practical guide on climate change adaptation for natural World Heritage sites 21-May-2014 Successful Completion of Climate Change Adaptation Project in the Peruvian Andes 18-Dec-2012 World Heritage sites participate in Earth Hour 28-Mar-2012 Satellites and World Heritage sites, partners to understand climate change 27-Sep-2011 Call for Posters on World Heritage Cities and Climate Change for the 11th OWHC World Congress 22-Mar-2011 Experts engage with climate change education at international seminar, UNESCO HQ, Paris, 27-29 July 31-Jul-2009 Climate change threatens UNESCO World Heritage sites 10-Apr-2007 COP21: UNESCO Sites - A Climate Change Observatory, thematic day at UNESCO Pavilion le Bourget 05-Dec-2015-05-Dec-2015 UNESCO Asia Pacific World Heritage Project on Marine Biodiversity & Climate Change Awareness among Youth (Touho, New-Caledonia) 07-Apr-2014-13-Apr-2014 International Workshop on Space Technologies for World Heritage 09-Oct-2012-28-Oct-2012 Terra 2012: 11th International Conference on the Study and Conservation of Earthen Architecture Heritage 22-Apr-2012-27-Apr-2012 Regional Capacity-building Workshop on Assessment of Vulnerability of World Cultural and Natural Heritage Properties to Disasters and Climate Change 06-Dec-2009-12-Dec-2009 Deadline for receiving applications for the Regional workshop: Vulnerability Assessment of Disasters and Climate Change in World Heritage Properties 31-Aug-2009 Workshop: Climate Change and Cultural Heritage 14-May-2009-16-May-2009 5th Annual Ename International Colloquium: Responding to Global Climate Change 18-Mar-2009-20-Mar-2009 Climate Change and World Heritage: Expert Meeting 16-Mar-2006-17-Mar-2006 Guy Debonnet (UNESCO) Mechtild R?ssler (UNESCO) Richard Veillon (UNESCO)	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5913
__label__wiki	0.989776	0.989776	New £6.7m eye cataract centre features on BBC Look North Our brand new £6.7m cataract eye centre has been featured on BBC Look North. The BBC film crew came down within days of the new centre’s opening to exclusively speak with patients and members of the cataract eye surgery team. Cathy Killick, Look North's North Yorkshire Reporter, spoke with Clinical Director Stephen Winder and surgeon Raquel Garcia-Cabrera who explained that the new purpose-built centre would enable the team to see 36 patients every day and allow leading ophthalmologists to perform life-changing cataract surgery, which typically take 12 minutes, as efficiently as possible. The report also included exclusive footage of Dalip Malkani having surgery at the state-of-the-art centre. Dalip, a 78-year-old IT consultant, is one of the first patients in the region to have life-transforming cataract surgery at the purpose-built centre. Speaking to the BBC, Dalip said the operation had been an “enlightening experience” and that the staff had been “marvellous”. “They’ve taken good care of me, kept me informed of what to expect, what I should and shouldn’t do. It’s been really good. My vision is much improved,” he said. The BBC reported that Dalip’s visit took less than three hours, and that Dalip was “one of many to come who will benefit from world-class facilities in South Yorkshire”. © BBC Look North Northern General Eye Centre Northern General Hospital Herries Drive, S5 7AU Northern General Eye Centre is owned and managed by Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Copyright © Northern General Eye Centre \| All rights reserved. Website design by Redsky	cc/2021-04/en_head_0015.json.gz/line5916

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