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CLASS 10 -- ESSAY:Status of woman in Islam.
Women's Status in Islam Essay. Women's Status in Islam In Islam, women and men are equal in terms of their relationship with Allah. It can be clearly seen that Allah has created men and women differently, this is so that they may fulfil different purposes in life. It is not a question of the superiority of one gender over another, rather it is a matter of role differentiation.
The Status of Women in Islam Dr. Jamal Badawi. I. INTRODUCTION. The status of women in society is neither a new issue nor is it a fully settled one. The position of Islam on this issue has been among the subjects presented to the Western reader with the least objectivity.
Status of Women in Islam: A Perspec6ve Introduc6on The status of women in Islam is clear and very unambiguous. The atude of Islam (as delineated in the basic manuscripts, i.e. The Quran and Hadith bear witness to the fact that women is as important as men least and that she is no inferior to him nor is she one of the lower species.
THE STATUS OF WOMAN IN ISLAM By Jamal A. Badawi CONTENTS PREFACE INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Women in Ancient Civilization WOMEN IN ISLAM 1. The Spiritual Aspect 2. The Social Aspect (a) As a Child and Adolescent (b) As a Wife (c) As a Mother 3. The Economic Aspect 4. The political Aspect CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Status of Women in Islam Essay Sample Woman is one of the most lucrative creatures of God that have played a very crucial and imperative role in continuation of this world. She has been a mother, sister, wife, and fulfilled her responsibilities in a number of other jobs.
In order to get achieve a better insight of the status of women today, it is worthwhile to preview how women were treated in previous civilizations and religions that precede Islam (Pre-610 C.E). India: During the era of the Aryan civilization (2500 B.C), women were accorded almost the same status as men.
Essay on Status of Women in Islam Assignment In the Qur'anic account of Creation, woman was not created from the man's rib as explained in Christianity and Judaism. Therefore, the first person i.e. indefinite gender was created and then the individual's companion was created (Husain, 2003, 21).
THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN ISLAM A Reply to Dr. Jamal Badawi and Others. By Samuel Green. While it needs to be acknowledged that atrocities have been committed against women overseas in the name of Islam, it also needs to be acknowledged that such practices have no basis in the religion itself. More than 1400 years ago Islam afforded women rights.
Status of Women in Islam: A Perspective. The paper makes brief deliberation on the on the status of women from Islamic perspective.. the demand for a uniform civil code, the contribu-tion of.
Women in Islam essays Women play an important role in any society. In many cultures, a woman looks after the family while the man works to support them. Not all women look after the family, as many have full time careers. Women's education is encouraged almost everywhere, allowing women t.
Islamic women as being backward in a male-dominated world. On the contrary, Islam was the firs t religion formally to grant the women a status never known before. The Holy Quran, the sacred scripture of Islam, contains hundreds of teachings, which apply both to men and women alike. The moral, spiritual and economic equality.
Pakistan Table of Contents. Four important challenges confronted women in Pakistan in the early 1990s: increasing practical literacy, gaining access to employment opportunities at all levels in the economy, promoting change in the perception of women's roles and status, and gaining a public voice both within and outside of the political process.
For downloading CSS Essays on Status of Women in Islam in PDF, click the following links: Status of Women in Islam, Women Empowermenrt.. It provides you with the useful study material as well as past papers of CSS, FPSC, PPSC and NTS. RELATED ARTICLES MORE FROM AUTHOR. CSS Essays on Water Crisis and Energy Crisis.
Iranian women - before and after the Islamic Revolution. 8 February 2019.. But in the early 1980s, the new Islamic authorities imposed a mandatory dress code that required all women to wear the.
Sikhism under took reform movements to improve the conditions of women. However, the status of women continued to be similar to that in Hinduism. The Hindu code Bill and the Constitution consider these religious groups as Hindus, hence, the same civil code is applicable to them.
The Khilafah State is obligated to provide women with the highest level of education and view women as valuable citizens of the state. The role of women in Islam is viewed as vital and honorable.
Islamic Creed The articles of faith. There are six pillars of Faith in Islam: 1. Belief in Allah (God), 2. Belief in His Angels, 3. Belief in His Books, 4.
The real status of women in Islam. This website is for people of various faiths who seek to understand Islam and Muslims. It contains a lot of brief, yet informative articles about different aspects of Islam. New articles are added every week. Also, it features Live Help through chat.
Islam and other religions. 1989: “If anyone desires a religion other than Islam never will it be accepted of him.” Explain to substantiate Islam as the only natural code of life which ensures peace and security for the universal humanity.
Islam as it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad teaches the social, spiritual and economic equality of men and women. The Quran is very clear on this subject. Unfortunately, social norms that existed at the time of its revealing and in subsequent centuries have served in some parts of the Islamic world to marginalize women.
Women’s Rights in Saudi Arabia: Wahhabism vs. Islam New York - Human rights in Saudi Arabia, birthplace and heartland of Islam, are based on Islamic law, or the Sharia, under the rule of the.
The article discusses “Status of women’s health in Pakistan. Women health problems in Pakistan. Gender Studies CSS notes. Status of women’s health in Pakistan.” The status of women’s health in Pakistan is deplorable. Majority of Pakistani women’s have no access to basic health facilities. About 48.
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Bill Whittle; Something chilling for Good Friday...
ponder these things.
When to Shoot the Colonels
by Tom Baugh (2009)
"At ease, Marines, and be seated" orders the gruff Gunnery Sergeant. "Now turn to Chapter 8 in your Military Constitutional Law text," he continues. "Today we discuss the appropriate conditions for shooting a colonel who is issuing an order which would violate the Constitutional rights of American citizens. Our first scenario involves gun seizures..."
Absurd, isn't it, to think that this sort of education is conducted among our armed forces? Yet, millions of citizens indulge this unspoken fantasy each time they imagine that the military exists to preserve our freedoms.
When I was at the Naval Academy in the mid-80s, and a Marine officer in the late 1980s and early 1990s, discussion of such issues was considered taboo. One fellow junior officer even scoffed that "Congress can change that Constitution any time they like." This isn't to say that there wasn't an undercurrent among most of the warfighters that issues such as gun control and preservation freedom of speech might one day pose a crisis of command. Yet this undercurrent was kept carefully concealed, and tended to become a more and more uncomfortable subject as the ranks of one's company became more elevated. Fortunately, with the Soviets and the threat of global thermonuclear war, these issues seemed far removed and safe from serious discussion.
Not so today. In the aftermath of Katrina, armed and uniformed soldiers patrolled the streets and disarmed Americans. Some uniformed soldiers were captured on film lamenting that "I can't believe that we're doing this to Americans." Yet, they did it anyway, lamentations notwithstanding. But why?
To answer that, we need to understand the principles of military command and education. For veterans, this discussion is unnecessary. For the vast number of non-veterans, especially those who harbor that most dangerous and ill-advised fantasy of a Constitutionally-aware military, this discussion is essential to survival.
American military education is one of the most finely tuned and adapted mechanisms in the world for instilling knowledge into its students. No other school or university can come close to the efficiency at which military knowledge is imparted to novices. There are even courses, such as Principles of Military Instruction, for how to teach military courses. These courses even teach how to develop such courses from scratch. The famous John Saxon math courses, popular among homeschoolers, exhibit these techniques, courtesy of that former Air Force officer and academy instructor. Military courses developed along these lines tend to be highly effective at teaching motivated students. Students motivated to learn how to do things such as extinguish fires or shoot missiles. Or shoot you.
As a result, if it is worth teaching to soldiers, sailors, airmen or Marines, it is worth embodying in a course. Captured as a course or in official manuals, such instruction is available to all for review and comment to make sure that the correct instruction is given, and given correctly. Conversely, if it doesn't exist as a course, it isn't being taught. And if it isn't being taught, it isn't even on the radar of the military mind. At least not the minds of those in command. Good luck finding a course such as "When to Shoot the Colonels" in a military instruction catalogue.
Even basics such as reading and writing and math are available as courses. But not shooting colonels. What colonel would even authorize such a thing? Only a colonel who realizes that one day he might have to shoot a general, of course. But that would require a separate course for command grades, entitled "When to Shoot the Generals." And who would authorize that? We can keep climbing this chain all the way up, if we like, but at some point the absurdity makes its point. No one in a position of command or power is going to surrender that power for something as irrelevant as your rights.
And what if a particular soldier scored highly on such a course? What colonel would hand out high efficiency reports on his potential executioner?
Another aspect of this problem that needs to be clearly understood is that all modern American military officers are political appointees. Surprised? You shouldn't be. As a practical exercise ask one to read his commission document to you. Pay particular attention to the "follow lawful orders" part, along with the "serve at the pleasure of the President" phrase. Oath of office notwithstanding, nothing in that document says anything about what to do about unlawful orders. Or even lawful orders, such as "seize all guns because Congress authorized it," which haven't yet stood the test of the judicial branch to adjudge Constitutionality. And like that 1stLt said, enough Congressmen can get together and change that Constitution. The Constitution itself says so.
Besides, if some uppity colonel out there decided to start authorizing instruction about when to shoot the colonels, you can bet that pretty quick the President would no longer be pleased. Because he or she would know where that path must ultimately lead. Which is why uppity colonels don't stay colonels for very long. Political appointees, my friends. That vision you have in your head of the noble military protecting your rights is just a dangerous fantasy. A fantasy you have to get rid of right now, before it gets you killed.
"But wait," you say, "I know Sgt. Soandso, and he would never go along with a gun seizure." Maybe not, but then again, you might be surprised. To "not go along" would mean that he has to violate orders. This violation would at the very least be a career-killer, or possibly get him shot in an extreme situation. Shot by who? By all the other sergeants who don't want to get shot, of course. After all, the colonel only needs a handful of sergeants who are in it for a career, and a raft of lieutenants, captains and majors who one day want to be colonels. For you to have your rights protected would require that a sufficient number of each of these decide, simultaneously, to put on the brakes. It is easier just to shoot you for resisting and go about their day. Say it again, "political appointees."
Besides, if all of these people decide in unison to protect you, and in so doing put their own careers, freedoms and life on the line, who is going to protect them? You? And if so, how? You needed them to protect you in the first place. And if Sgt. Soandso gets shot protecting your rights, what about his family? Retribution aside, who takes care of them with him out of the picture? Worse, after Sgt. Soandso gets shot, some corporal will be there ready to pin on those chevrons. And you can bet that to that guy, you are a minor inconvenience in his day. You wouldn't get lucky enough to get a chain of noble soldiers to protect you. When the day arrives, all of those political appointees will have scrubbed the ranks of those pesky oathkeepers anyway. Those oathkeepers who remain hidden in ranks will be in an impossible situation.
And we haven't even discussed the false-flagging of dressing foreign troops in American uniforms to capitalize on the unwillingness of Americans to kill "our boys." I'll save that one for later.
So if the military doesn't exist to protect our rights and freedoms, why does it exist? The answer is simple. It exists to back our national will with force. Most of the time, that is a good thing, particularly when our national will is to not be attacked by jackasses who threaten us. But when the national will turns to taking your guns away, you will be the jackass who threatens "us." Then the military will execute that national will with cold, unthinking and bureaucratic efficiency. And wrap itself in the flag while doing so.
Want to have some fun? Walk up to any active duty serviceman you wish, shake his hand and thank him for his service. Then, before you release his hand, pull him toward you slightly, look into his eyes and tell him, "now when the time comes, don't forget what your oath really means." Do this ten times, and the reactions of that little informal poll will tell you everything you need to know. Having divested yourself of that little fantasy, maybe you will have a chance to survive that gun seizure for the real battle later. At the very least you will have looked into the eyes of some of the enemy, constituted of complacency and obedience, you may one day face.
Posted by Adrienne at 8:14 AM
Labels: Bill Whittle, Tom Baugh, When to Shoot the Colonels
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Beautiful North Idaho, United States
My name is Adrienne and I want to welcome you to my world. I have a daylily nursery in beautiful North Idaho and specialize in personal service. I am a life long gardener and a Master Gardener but I believe that simple is best. I love to design interiors and gardens, paint, and read. My other interests are my Catholic faith and politics.
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午夜寂寞人妻全部视频列表
UX - UI DESIGNER
Dyin' ain't much of a livin', boy. here. put that in your report!" and "i may have found a way out of here. you want a guarantee, buy a toaster. here. put that in your report!" and "i may have found a way out of here. this is the ak-47 assault rifle, the preferred weapon of your enemy; and it makes a distinctive sound when fired at you, so remember it. this is the ak-47 assault rifle, the preferred weapon of your enemy; and it makes a distinctive sound when fired at you, so remember it. don't p!ss down my back and tell me it's raining. this is the ak-47 assault rifle, the preferred weapon of your enemy; and it makes a distinctive sound when fired at you, so remember it. don't p!ss down my back and tell me it's raining. this is my gun, clyde! man's gotta know his limitations. ever notice how sometimes you come across somebody you shouldn't have f**ked with? well, i'm that guy.
Html 5 / CSS 3
MASTER DEGREE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
This is Photoshop's version Lorem Ipsum. Well, the way they make shows is, they make one show.
2013 - Now
Now that there is the Tec-9, a crappy spray gun from South Miami. This gun is advertised as the most popular gun in American crime. Do you believe that shit? It actually says that in the little book that comes with it: the most popular gun in
I'm gonna shoot you in the head then and there. Then I'm gonna shoot that bitch in the kneecaps.
You think water moves fast? You should see ice. It moves like it has a mind. Like it knows it killed the world once and got a taste for murder. After the avalanche, it took us a week to climb out. Now, I don't know exactly when we turned on each other, but I know that seven of us survived the slide and only five made it out. Now we took an oath, that I'm breaking now. We said we'd say it was the snow that killed the other two, but it wasn't. Nature is lethal but it doesn't hold a candle to man.
However unreal it may seem, we are connected, you and I. We're on the same curve, just on opposite ends.
Sam L. J. - Pulp Fiction
Nature is lethal but it doesn't hold a candle to man.
Your bones don't break, mine do. That's clear. Your cells react to bacteria and viruses differently than mine. You don't get sick, I do.
Sebastian@mail.com
www.sebasti.an
Copyright © 2015.Company name All rights reserved.午夜寂寞人妻全部视频列表
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Stephen David Daldry, CBE (born 2 May 1960) is an English director and producer of the film, theatre, and television. He has won three Olivier Awards for his work in the West End and two Tony Awards for his work on Broadway. He has received three Academy Awards nominations for Best Director, for films Billy Elliot (2000), The Hours (2002), and The Reader (2008). From 2016 to 2019, he produced and directed the Netflix television series The Crown, for which he received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations and one win for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series and Outstanding Drama Series. Daldry joined an elite group of directors by receiving nominations for direction in theatre, television, and film.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Stephen Daldry" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/Stephen_Daldry"
This page was last modified 22:06, 16 January 2021.
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Serving Uncle Sam: A Military Life in WWll
Gerald Schwartz USAAC (USAAF) 1940 - 1945
Chapter 12: Zuara, Libya. Intense Attacks. 8th Army Snuffs out Afrika Corps
Feb 25,1943 Durragh, Libya : We were bombed last night, but fortunately there were no casualties. Fifteen of our planes left today to join 'A' party at Zuara, Libya. We are expected to leave tomorrow and if the front moves in the interim, we will probably by-pass 'A' party and keep on going.
Zuara Libya
Feb 27, 1943; Zuara, Libya; We ('B') party left yesterday from Durragh, and we spent the night on our trucks just outside of Homs, on the coast road in Libya. Today we continued our move along the coast road through Tripoli to Zuara. We arrived at the airfield around 5.00 PM and found ourselves back in the middle of another sand storm (Khamseen). We put up our tent but didn’t bother to dig slit trenches because we don’t know how long we will stay here.
The coastal area of Tripolitania from Homs to Aillet (west of Tripoli) is beautiful. There are both palm and fruit trees and white colonial homes to be seen. As far as the eye can see there are plantations with much vegetation and orchards. The countryside consists of rolling hills with fields of corn. Homs was a large garrison town where military had been stationed, surrounded by tall cliffs and the sea. From what we could see in passing through Tripoli, it is large, clean, and modern, with a nice harbor.
Feb 28, 1943: Zuara, Tripolitania. We are now 12 miles from Tunisia. Our airfield was bombed last night, with no casualties, so our luck seems to be holding out, There were a few delayed action bombs exploding this morning around our camp area, which was a rarity, as we had not encountered that before. Our flight has only 3 planes in operation out of 12 right now, due to the heavy wear they have been experiencing lately.
On March Ist, at Zuara, Libya, Al Schoenfeld and I went sightseeing at Tripoli, and spent the day walking around and eating and drinking real food and Ice Cream. It is a nice city, better than Alexandria or Cairo. with a fine harbor lined with palm trees on the promenade which encircles it. On the truck en route back to our airfield, Al and I talked over what we had been through since landing at the Suez Canal. We couldn’t help thinking how lucky we were not to have been injured or killed, given the amount of bombing and strafing attacks we had endured. Tomorrow a small part of 30 men will leave for Medenine, Tunisia. It is expected to be a hazardous undertaking because the Spitfires had to evacuate the field abruptly when German tanks broke through the British 8th Army’s lines. It is being dive-bombed by Me-109 hourly. They will take only enough gasoline and rations for 6 days, as an advanced party when entering Tunisia.
March 2nd was notable because the entire 244 Wing of the RAF’s Spitfires made an emergency landing on our airfield at night. We lined up many trucks and by the light of their headlights the large contingent of planes was able to land safely. The wing had been occupying an airfield at Hazbub which came under attack by the Afrika Korps. We had been scheduled to move to tanks armored cars, the RAF abandoned the field. In view of this, the 57th Group remained at Zuara but not for long.
March 3rd found 'A' Flight on the road to Medenine, Tunisia, and thankfully we did not come under air attack along the way. We passed things we had never seen in the Western Desert, such as orchards of fruit trees, date palms, grass, etc. The houses built by French settlers were of better manufacture than we had ever seen in Africa or Libya. Many have several floors with large windows and spacious interiors.
We are now in Tunisia, at the Mareth Line, which is a mountain range extending inland from the Mediterranean Sea, with the British on our side and the Germans on the other side. The field is situated about 30 miles from the front lines, on a plain this side of the mountain range, with a good part of the British 8th Army behind us: not a very comforting thought!
That night we could hear the Luftwaffe bombing and strafing an RAF Wing of Spitfires locate on an airfield a few miles from us. We understand that the Germans have brought in a number of bombers and fighters from Sicily and Italy, to replace the ones we have destroyed! Our airfield is not yet completed by the Royal Engineers, who believe it will be ready by this evening. Meanwhile however they are suffering casualties daily due to continuous aerial attack.
That night we were told to pack up everything and get on the trucks and spend the night that way, waiting for instructions to retreat. The British planned to have the whole 8th Army retreat about 30 miles, hoping that they could finesse the Germans by having them send the main force of their Tanks and Armored Cars on to the plain, to attack the rear of the British Army. They told us not to get off our trucks for any reason, because all their cannons were pointed toward the enemy, and even the tanks were to be used as howitzers, by having them dug-in in revetments, with orders to fire at anything that moves on the ground!
Once the German armored force was exposed on the plain, the British Tank Corps was to attack them with a view to removing them as a threat, so that the 8th Army could break through the German Fortifications in the Mareth Line.
Can you imagine what was going through our minds that night, on top of our trucks not knowing what was going to happen? At first light, we were told to drive a few miles to a crossroad and to await instructions. Well, we sat there watching howitzers, cannons, & motorized forces all pass us by in a retreat, and still no instructions to withdraw! I can tell you we thought that someone had neglected to tell us to retreat! Around 9 AM, as we sat there, a flight of 15 JU-88s (Medium German Bombers) passed right over us, with racks of bombs in plain view in their bomb-bays.
The bombs began to drop when they were directly over us, however due to the forward movement of the bombers, the bombs likewise continued on a forward trajectory landing a somewhat past us!
Several hours later we were instructed to head toward the coast road and to retreat about 30 miles to the rear. In doing so, we passed the Spitfire Wing previously mentioned, whose airfield took the brunt of the Luftwaffe’s bombing. It was the worst kind of bombing, called pattern bombing because the entire flight of airplanes drops their bombs simultaneously!
Now-a-days they call that carpet bombing. We saw airplanes and hangars and buildings on fire, and many ambulances converging on the airfield. We thought 'There but for the grace of God went we'!
We reached the coast road, and retreated about 30 miles south where we pulled off the road for the night at Ben Gerdane.
I can tell you that every driver of every vehicle followed in the tire tracks of the first vehicle in so doing, and you never saw a more precise motorized maneuver in your life! We sat there that night and watched the fireworks. Sfax which was not far from us, was being bombed and we could see the Ack-ack tracers criss-crossing the sky. In addition we could see the gun flashes on the horizon and hear the cannons which told of the terrific tank battle taking place at the front. The sounds were close enough that we did not have to strain our ears to hear them.
South African Air Force Spitfire
March 4, 1943 Mefatia (on the coast road). We spent the whole day there, waiting to hear the results of the battle. We were told that the plan succeeded, and that the Germans had lost over 200 out of the 800 Armored vehicles trying to break through the British lines, and that they abandoned the attack and withdrew!
Then we were told to move to a different location several miles away, west of Medenine, and wait while a new field was finished. A South African Air force group took over our old field. We are told that our new field is still under enemy fire! So off we went again and moved to the new airfield.
March 5, 1943. After a night of again listening to cannonfire, we once again got on the road to a place about 3 miles away. There we shall wait until a new airfield west of Medenine, Tunisia is built. The 7th South African Air Force took over the airfield we just left.
March 6th turned out to be a day which I shall never forget because it was only through the grace of God that I was not captured (or killed) by German infantry. I shall deal with it in the next installment of my memoirs, Part 13.
So ends Chapter 12 of my wartime memoirs.
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TOCK
Is it a real detective story if there isn't a scene where the detective gets the shit kicked out of him?
Homage / Rip-off
Still haven't seen Tintin. I guess I'll just wait for the dvd. Anyway, here's one of my favourite gags from from The Blue Lotus. Which I then ripped off in my book, Tell Me Something.
Posted by Jason at 2:46 PM 4 comments:
... Cat
Adrien Brody is Wladyslaw Szpilman, a Jewish musician trying to survive in Warsaw during World War 2. Directed by Roman Polanski.
It's a tremendously powerful film. It's less sentimental than Schindler's List. I don't think there are any scenes in this film that could have been parodized on Seinfeld. Each time I watch films like this or documentaries about the holocaust, it's hard to wrap your mind around the fact that this happened less than seventy years ago. It's impossible to imagine what Szpilman goes through. I normally like black and white films, but I think colour works best in this story. You are used to images in black and white from WW2, and this film being in colour brings the story closer. The film makes you lose faith in humanity, but at the same time, through Szpilman's survival, makes you believe in the human spirit.
Bruce Willis is a former police negotiator who gets the chance to redeem himself. Also starring Kevin Pollak and Ben Foster, directed by Florent Emilio Siri.
On the list of underestimated Bruce Willis films - it's a pretty short list - I think this one should be somewhere close to the top. There's something strange about this film, and it took me a while to realize what it was: It's a modern action film / police drama, but the camera isn't constantly spinning around for no reason. Sometimes it doesn't move at all! It's directed in a rather classic style by Siri, who also did the terrific French film Nid de Guêpes. It's the visual style that makes it worth watching, rather than the story that's not that much to brag about - they could have worked a bit more on the script. Bruce Willis is solid in his part and Ben Foster makes a convincing psycho. I'm sure he could spend the rest of his career doing those parts if he wants to. There is some violence towards small kids in the film that is a bit unpleasant. Also a pretty neat Sin City-ish title sequence.
Fanny and Alexander
It's a bit hard to get much of a christmas feeling in the south of France, so what better than to re-watch Ingemar Bergman's Fanny and Alexander, his part Scandinavian melancholia, part magic realism tale of a family in the early part of the previous century and a summing up of the director's oeuvre (Look, Ma, I used the word oeuvre!).
There are some funny differences between Norwegians and Swedes. Swedes like to sing drinking songs, something that Norwegians never do. And they often refer to each other in the third person when talking. Each time I watch this film I tell myself I should check out more of Bergman's earlier black and white films, but they have a reputation of being dark and depressing, so I never do. And where do I start? The Seventh Seal? Everything comes together for this film: The composition of the images, Sven Nykvist's cinematography, all the actors, even the two kids! and the script. A masterpiece, and the extended tv version is even better. Favourite parts: the escape, the puppet, the mummy, the scene with Ismael and Gustav's speach.
I was going to watch Seven Samurai, but what's with the yelling of all the lines of dialogue? I know it's a classic and everything, but do I need three hours of this? So I stoppet it after ten minutes and rather put on... Terminator 2! Arnold Schwarzenegger is the bad ter... no, wait, he's the good terminator. Directed by James Cameron.
The film came out in 91. It's 20 years old! I've reached the age where it's almost a bit depressing to watch films like this. Where did all the years go? Sigh... Well, anyway... Terminator 1 is a better, leaner film, I think. T2 has some fat in the middle. The part where they go to kill the computer guy drags a bit. Linda Hamilton's voiceover they could have skipped and Edward Furlong is a bit annoying. The CGI stuff is still pretty impressive, but it's also the beginning of the end in a way. It's all going downhill from here on, ending up in wall to wall CGI fests like Van Helsing. The pepsi product placement also ruins it a bit, always showing up in the best scenes, dammit! Cameron knows action, of course, but he's also good with the small details. Love the scene of the T 1000 waving his finger in a no, no sign.
Adrienne Shelly is a depressed teenager waiting for the end of the world, Robert Burke is a mechanic with a history. Also starring Edie Falco from before The Sopranos, written and directed by Hal Hartley.
Hartley's debut film has the Hartley touch right from the beginning. No establishing shots and quirky dialogues. A small universe where the same people keep bumping into each other. Can you have faith in other people? People are only as good as the deals they make and keep. Hartley namedrops some of his heroes here: Molière and Victor Hugo. I believe the words ozone layer is mentioned in all of Hartley's three first films. It's the ozone layer triology? Why did Adrienne Shelly die so young and Paris Hilton is still alive, that's what I want to know. Hartley is an unfortunate name, because you can't say that Robert Burke is playing the typical Hartleyian hero. Or can you?
The quality of my dvd is pretty bad. The image is too bright. Strangely, some sequences from the film is repeated in the bonus Hartley interview, and there they look much better. Bit of a bummer.
Watching The Detectives
I now got 100 pages begun - they're in various states of being lettered, pencilled, half finished and finished. That leaves around 45-50 pages left. I hope to have the thing finished in May for publication in French next fall and in English in spring, 13.
I like the books of Raymond Chandler and have been wanting to do something within the detective genre. Originally I had thought about doing a story in the US in the fourties, but found it might be better to have some distance, so it's rather set today in France. Also, it's more of a playful take on the genre, it's not completely straight, so maybe something a bit closer to Truffaut's Stolen Kisses. That's what I hope, anyway. We'll see how that turns out when the book is done. And the title? The title is two words, the first word is: Lost
Tom Cruise is a secret agent, some people die and things blow up. Directed by Brian De Palma.
There's a new Mission Impossible film on the way. I'll probably go see it. I enjoyed the third one, even if Abrams obviously comes from tv and is used to commercial breaks every ten minutes. There was a lot of action, but not really much tension. For an example of tension, see the CIA sequence in this film. Possibly, kids today will find it slow and boring, but anyway. The second film... Actually, let's not talk about the second film. Let's pretend it never happened. The first film is clearly a "one for them" film for De Palma, it's less personal, but it's a beautiful piece of craftsmanship. The opening scene, though, with the tv image showing something that is a setup is very much De Palma. Apparently Cruise and the producer didn't allow De Palma to do any split screens. Oh, well... Tom Cruise is kind of a selfconfident prick in his role, but he's a moviestar, I'll admit. The helicopter in the tunnel sequence at the end is pretty ridiculous, but when the theme tune kicks in it's hard not to sit there watching with a big grin on your face.
Jason + Lewis
Illustration done with monsieur Lewis Trondheim for an interview in M, a Norwegian comic book, from 2007.
The Victors
We follow a group of soldiers in Europe during World War 2. Starring George Peppard, George Hamilton, Jeanne Moreau, Melina Mercouri, Peter Fonda, Romy Schneider, Albert Finney and Eli Wallach, directed by Carl Foreman.
I discovered this film by accident late one night on a French tv channel. I had missed most of the film, only getting the last half hour or so, but its bleakness made me want to watch the whole thing. Now, the dvd I have is 146 minutes, and apparently the film originaly was 175 minutes, so that's half an hour missing. A complete version would have been nice, thank you. It's actually a very interesting film, an anti war film in the style of the more famous Paths of Glory, and quite episodic: Characters disappear for a long time, then re-appear, without us knowing what has happened to them in the meantime. There are several memorable moments in the film. It shows an American deserter being executed, white American soldiers beating up black soldiers in a bar, even a soldier shooting a dog! Most memorable is maybe the scene of Wallach in the hospital, his face ruined. I don't understand why this film has fallen through the cracks, being so little known.
Alex Schomburg
I love these covers by Alex Schomburg, especially the science fiction one, where the woman has a 1940s hairdo. There's a collection of his illustrations, called The Thrilling Comic Book Cover Art of Alex Schomburg, published by Vanguard.
Half finished page
This is a page from the detective story. For the moment I have a lot of these, where the characters are more or less drawn but the background is still missing. This is usually how I work: the characters first, and then I'll go outside and find a street or whatever is needed and draw that in with pencil and then go back home and ink it. For you aspiring cartoonists out there, this is not a method that is recommended! Rather draw the setting first and then place the characters into that, okay?
Posted by Jason at 10:19 AM 1 comment:
Top five Hugo Pratt books:
1. La Ballade de la Mer Salée
2. Corto Maltese en Sibérie
3. Les Celtiques
4. Les Ethiopiques
5. Les Scorpions du désert
Top five film noir
1. Out of the past
2. The Big Combo
3. Kiss Me Deadly
5. Detour
Detective story update
Finished pages: 20
Some details left: 15
Half finished: 19
Just begun: 2
Only 100 more to go!
Top five Moebius books:
1. Le Garage Hermétique
2. Le Bandard Fou
3. Arzach
4. Les Yeux du Chat
5. 40 Days Dans le Désert B
Drawing done for Mike Allred. It should be in his big collection Madman 20th Anniversary Monster, out in January.
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Centre's news
Ed Davey’s ’s Message of Support for CEFTUS’ 10th Anniversary
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Nominations are now open for the CEFTUS Community Achievement Awards 2020
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The Centre for Turkey Studies (CEFTUS) Community Achievement Awards recognise excellence in the Turkish, Kurdish and Turkish Cypriot communities, as well as their continued contribution to life in the UK. Anyone can make a nomination by…
Nominations are Now Open for 8th Community Achievement Awards (2019)
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The Centre for Turkey Studies (CEFTUS) will hold its 8th Anniversary Gala and Community Achievement Awards on 14 October 2019. Founded in 2011, CEFTUS has grown remarkably and has been the only effective organisation that provides an…
CEFTUS is seeking an Event Manager!
Event Manager: British Kebab Awards 2019 This is a fantastic opportunity to manage a national event, attended by 1,200 people including CEOs of major companies, MPs, and Lords and covered by the national press. The British…
CEFTUS 7th Anniversary Gala and Community Achievement Awards
CEFTUS ADMIN Oct 19, 2018 0
On Monday 15th October 2018, the Centre for Turkey Studies (CEFTUS) hosted its 7th Anniversary Gala with over 500 guests at the Park Plaza Riverbank Hotel. Commemorating the founding of CEFTUS 7 years ago, the event celebrated the…
George Howarth MP’s Message of Support for CEFTUS’ 7th Anniversary
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"In the troubled world in which we live – not least in the Middle East – the only alternative to conflict is dialogue. CEFTUS operates in a space which enables issues, some of which are inevitably controversial, to be debated respectfully…
Mayor of London Sadiq Khan’s Message of Support for CEFTUS’ 7th Anniversary
“I would like to send my warmest congratulations to the Centre for Turkey Studies (CEFTUS) on their 7th anniversary and to the organisation for its vital role in strengthening Anglo-Turkish relations. The British-Turkish community…
Clive Efford MP’s Message of Support for CEFTUS 7th Anniversary
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“CEFTUS plays an essential role in providing expert and non-partisan information and analysis on Turkish affairs. It brings together an unrivalled array of stakeholders and specialists in Turkish politics, history and culture - providing a…
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Tag: Renault Brazil
Lost in Translation 296 – When a Car Ad Provides Closure
Posted on June 1, 2019 by Scott Delahunt
Adaptations can pop up anywhere. They’re popular. Studios love them because of the low risk involved. Audiences love them from familiarity. For all the complaints that there’s too many adaptations, the problem isn’t quantity but quality. No one complains about well done adaptations, just the sheer volume, yet adaptations have been ruling the box office since the box office began.
Adaptations can occur in two ways. First, there is the planned adaptation. Movies, TV series, and even Broadway musicals take time to create and produce, giving lead time for advertising the works. The other way is the surprise adaptation – a TV series with a seasonal take on A Christmas Carol, allusions to Shakespeare, recreating The Maltese Falcon, or even destroying Earth for a hyperspace bypass lane. These are seldom announced more than a week in advance in a TV series, and comes as a surprise for the audience. The surprise is greater when the adapting work is a car ad.
Let’s jump back a bit. Some time back, Lost in Translation analyzed the Dungeons & Dragons cartoon from the 80s. Six youngsters – Hank, Sheila and her younger brother Bobby, Diana, Eric, and Albert aka Presto – go on a D&D-theme roller coaster ride at a fair and wide up transported into a magical realm where they must battle against Venger, the Force of Evil, and Tiamat, Queen of the Evil Chromatic Dragons. Over three seasons and twenty-seven episodes, the heroes battled evil while trying to find a way home. The series ended without resolution, the kids still trapped in the magical realm.
Recently, Renault Brazil released an ad that resolved that cliffhanger after 34 years. Have a look.
The car ad is a live action adaptation of the /D&D/ cartoon. The characters are recognizable, not just from magical items and costumes, but their look. The ad has all the main characters, the kids, Uni, Venger, Tiamat, and Dungeon Master. Even the setting reflects the look of the realm in the cartoon.
With older works, especially ones originally aimed at children, there’s the temptation to use the “wink-and-a-nod” approach, treating the original as a source or even the butt of jokes. Land of the Lost, the 2009 movie starring Will Farrell, is a prime example. The ad makers, though, treated the source seriously. The ad comes across as the climax of the two-part series finale, complete with sequel hook for the inevitable movie. All of the kids get a chance to show their abilities. Better, they got home. A car ad provides closure for a thirty-four year old story.
What did the ad’s makers get right? The cast is recognizable. The first shot is of Hank, which may trigger a sense of recognition of the older fans of the original series. When he pulls back on his magical bow and takes aime at Tiamat, there’s no mistaking what’s going on. Next, production values. CGI has come a long way since the 2000 Dungeons & Dragons movie. Tiamat has a presence on screen, and her five heads are accurate to the chromatic dragons of D&D. Uni has a cartoon quality, but does look like she did in the series. The costumes, combined with casting, mean that everyone is recognizable. The characters are live action version of their animated originals.
The only real problem the ad has is brevity. Its length works in its favour; the cost of a 1:45 ad, even with the special effects needed, isn’t going to empty a bank account. At the same time, though, it does leave fans wanting more. The ad is just a snippet of the long-awaited series finale, with a sequel hook. Some advertising campaigns have led to a series of ads, though very few have had an ongoing storyline. The best known series of ads with a story was for Taster’s Choice coffee, featuring Anthony Stewart Head and Sharon Maughan as their characters’ romance bloomed over twelve installments. So a revival of the D&D cartoon as live action car ads is a very slim possibility. As it stands, though, the ad is enough to reignite the fandom.
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The Kibbutz Movement
Adult Movement Communes
Sol 'Shlomo' Etzioni (1929-2007)
Shlomo Shalmon (1923-1998)
Arie Jaffe (1923 -2001)
C.A.L.L.
קול
חיים זליגמן (2009-2012)
(יואל דרום (1921-2014
(נחום שור (1935-2010
כינוסים
ביקורים בקהילות
קומונות של תנועות הבוגרים
ישראל כללי
מטרתנו
חברי השולחן
ערכי ליבה של קהילת ייעוד
A new kibbutz movement, revisited
An article by JAMES GRANT-ROSENHEAD, a member of Kibbutz Mishol, describing the new communities in Israel that are co-operating to create a new Kibbutz Movement. First written in 2003, and then updated in 2012, here is the all new 2015 version..
By James Grant-Rosenhead, February 2015 / Shvat 5775
Every now and again I am surprised to see that the article 'A New Kibbutz Movement', which I wrote way back in 2003, is still online and getting hits. I wrote then about the possibility of the 'Ma'agal HaKvutzot' (Circle of Groups) uniting various new 'kvutzot shitufiot' (cooperative groups) such as urban kibbutzim and 'Tnuot Bogrim' (adult graduates movements) under it's umbrella as some kind of new kibbutz movement.
Looking back now, not only has that article been completely out of date for years, but it was also from the outset overly simplistic regarding the potential of Ma'agal HaKvutzot as a unifying movement. The reality is that whilst that particular umbrella for inter-group contact has indeed grown and developed to become some kind of new kibbutz movement, it is just one small network amongst six new kibbutz movements, all of which are growing in parallel. Furthermore, these six new kibbutz movements exist within a wider context of some eight thousand members of intentional, activist communities from fourteen national movements and networks which together have formed 'M.A.K.O.M.' – the Hebrew acronym for the Israeli Council of Communities for Social Action.
Degania - The Mother of the Kibbutzim
The following was culled and translated from leaflets produced by Deganya and from the special 90th Anniversary Issue of the journal, Hakibbutz.
"On the 25th of Tishrei. 5671 (October 28, 1910), we, ten men and two women comrades, came to Um Juni, and received the inventory from the `pioneering group'. We proceeded to establish an independent settlement of Hebrew workers on national land. A cooperative community without exploiters or exploited - a commune."
The early days of Deganya (by courtesy of the Deganya A. Archives)
That was the beginning of the kibbutz movement. The uniqueness of the move was the fact that it intended to realize a social vision as a way of life, through working the land and permanent settlement in the Land of Israel. Two years later, the group moved to its permanent site, next to the outlet of the Jordan from the Sea of Galilee, on land purchased for the Jewish National Fund from its Persian landowners.
Long discussions after work slowly crystallized the principles of "the beautiful life".
Equality of the different kinds of work, between people, in consumption.
Freedom of the individual from material worries.
Democracy. No managers and no underlings. The abolition of all hierarchy and rank.
Many were the doubts, taking into account the difficult conditions then prevailing: the seering climate, the plagues of nature, diseases, relations with the neighbors and a hostile alien regime. Despite the problems and the sacrifices, their spirit did not waver. And there were happy events as well: families were established, children were born, years of blessing in agriculture came, which proved their economic ability and the justice of the idea.
With the outbreak of the War of Independence, Deganya stood courageously against a Syrian tank attack and forced it back.
With the passing of the years, Deganya underwent a surge of social and economic development: a stable economy was gradually built up, based on agricultural know-how and advanced, technology. Much later, an industrial enterprise was created, against strong opposition by agriculturally-minded members.
The seed planted in "Um Juni" laid the foundation for the national cooperative settlement on the Land of Israel.
Some Facts About Deganya
The name Deganya was derived from the Hebrew word "dagan" meaning "grain", because of the five species that grew there: wheat, barley, oats, corn and sorghum.
The children of Deganya never slept in children's houses.
Today Deganya has 359 members, with a total population of 509.
17 descendants of the founders live in Deganya. The fifth generation has got off to a good start with 3 great-great- grandchildren!
The sophisticated diamond-tipped tool-making factory constitutes the major part (70%) of the kibbutz economy.
A Few Milestones Of Deganya
1910 - Deganya founded.
1913 - The first child in Deganya born. The first member killed by Arab bandits.
1916 - Decision in principle: cooperative care and education for the children.
1919 - A. D. Gordon the founder of the "Religion of Labour", arrived.
1920 - The land divided, to form Deganya 'B'. A group leaves to found the first moshav (cooperative settlement).
1927 - The founding of a joint regional school.
1932 - Electricity connected to Deganya.
1948 - The War of Independence; the Syrian attack repulsed.
1968 - The establishment of "Toolgal Degania" - the first industrial project in Deganya.
Some Gems from Deganya's Past
There were no watches. Instead there was a bell, hanging from a tree near the old dining room, which the night watchman used to ring to wake people up. But no fixed hour had been decided. Two of the veteran members would sniff the air to determine when the hour was ripe to go to work.
The poetess Rachel, in one of her poems, told how she tried to explain futurism to members of Deganya. A leading veteran asked, "What's that got to do with wheat?" Everyone continued the discussion - on wheat, instead of on modern art.
When one of the women veterans returned from a mission abroad, she enthused about the "new" artificial insemination of cows. One of the children - later the commander of Israel's air force " asked, "Why don't humans use it?" Her reply was that.... ( her husband) prefers the old system.
In the twenties, a visitor asked what Deganya does to a member who doesn't work. The answer was, "We wouldn't love him!"
In the twenties and thirties: "Democracy? The system was patriarchal. Without this, we wouldn't have achieved what we have. The veteran members were something special. You could express different opinions, but...things were decided not by the number of people but by their weight.
In the twenties, Albert Einstein and his wife visited Deganya. In the dining room, Mrs. Einstein asked if the macaroni is always cooked with raisins. The cook waved her hand and all the "raisins" flew away.
When the manager of the factory, in his pursuit for markets, bought a business suit, the accounting department agreed to pay for only the jacket. The reason: "You'll also wear the trousers on the eve of the Sabbath".
Recollections the Early Days of Communal Education
One of the first children recalls: "It never occurred to me that I could have an orange and not share it with all the children. I miss the togetherness and the mutual concern for one another.... Studies were nothing special. When tomatoes had to be planted, we small children would be woken at three in the morning."
"We were raised with perpetual guilty consciences. We were made to feel responsible, not only for ourselves but for society, for the whole world."
"We had to read books, prepare lessons, go to all the celebrations, even to eat. The problem was that everyone had to like the same things. The other children hated spinach, but I liked it - so I was boycotted. On the other hand, we had a great deal of freedom. "
Deganya Alef - February, 2006
A recent kibbutz event drew the attention of the international news media! 97-year old Deganya Alef, the "Mother of the Kibbutzim", decided by a vast majority to go over to "graded salaries", while maintaining a generous Social Security network for its weaker members. Some of the media regarded the event like the breakup of the USSR! - despite the fact that many other kibbutzim have made similar privatization decisions. (I'm enclosing a couple press reactions. Not that I agree with all their content, of course, but you should find them of at least partial interest.) In a nutshell, they've gone over to the classic definition of socialism - not communism - "From each according to his ability, to each according to his contribution". Thus Deganya will remain far more communal than most ICs.
Their decision was taken from a very strong economic position. Ironically, their close neighbour, Deganya Bet, which is somewhat worse off financially, has recently decided against such a change. This runs against the conventional view that lack of economic success is a big factor encouraging privatization.
A Hundred Years of Kibbutz (Almost)
The following is the response of journalist Yael Paz-Melamed, a daughter of Deganya Alef, to the privatization decision.
"Deganya Alef are we, all the world knows,
For without us, the world would not exist."
Thus I sang from my parched throat during my whole childhood, which couldn't possibly have been happier. That is what I really thought throughout my whole childhood. That without us, the world would not exist. Because we were Deganya Alef. The very best. The elite of the elite. For the rightest of reasons, we had earned this title. We were the grandchildren of those who first conceived and then carried out the noble idea called kibbutz.
We were privileged to meet only a few of them, and we considered it a great honour to meet those we did. We were proud to meet those who, as children aged 17 and 18, left their parents, their home, their homelands, and settled alone on the soil of Um Juni, in order to create a new society on the basis of everyone giving what he can and receiving according to his needs. At no time since, has a movement arisen with more lofty ideals than this principle.
My grandmother and grandfather arrived in Deganya when everything was already crystallized. One tiny woman, ultra-religious, and one big-bodied man, an atheist. She had arrived from the USA, he from Russia. My mother was born into a society where the community was sacred and work was holy. The children had to manage by themselves. And they did. Nature was their home, the fields, the Jordan, the Kinneret (the Sea of Galilee). No one worried about them because, surrounded by all that beauty, there was no cause for concern. I myself was born into the most protected society that one could ever find. We, the children of the sixties, were "wrapped up" on all sides. That we should eat, that we wouldn't be cold, that we would be happy. And we were. And above all, the adamant spirit of the elders was always hovering. The same children that left everything didn't know that one day, as the years would go by, everybody would leave them. That they would sink into the abyss of forgetfulness of a state which sends its pioneers and builders to die alone, not in the snow, but in the blazing sun.
And now, privatization. No longer will everyone give what he can and receive according to his needs. Almost 100 years after the founding of the first kibbutz in the world (1910), the way was found to keep it alive by means of an artificial heart. Another chapter has ended and nothing remains but to ask that those brave-hearted trail-blazers be remembered. But no way! Who will remember them?
And I, who also left my home many years ago, know that by so doing, I contributed my bit to the ending of this chapter. One day I sat with my parents in our home above the shore of the Kinneret, the exact spot where the Jordan flows out of it. When, with down cast eyes, I announced to them that I would not continue in their path, I placed a little stone on the grave of the kibbutz. All my life, I long for the low-stemmed palm- tree near our home, for the fields now turning green, to the hidden beauty spots of the Jordan. But I left, like so many others of my comrades, to search of a different future. And thus, we all contributed to the downfall of this beloved place.
Fare you well, Deganya Alef, my beloved! And thank you for all the moments of bliss and for all the days, months and years that fill my heart with joy to this very day. A great privilege was granted me to be born and grow up in Kibbutz Deganya Alef, which this week announced that it would no longer be a kibbutz.
Translated from the kibbutz weekly, "Hadaf Hayarok", 22.2. 2007.
First kibbutz Degania celebrates 100 years
By Ban Hartman
Jerusalem Post 04/01/10
The Kibbutz Movement has a lot to contribute, and we’re not done,” says 3rd-generation resident.
Hundreds of members of the Kibbutz Movement (Hatnua Hakibbutzit) from across the country gathered at Kvutza Degania Aleph on the Kinneret on Wednesday to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the first kibbutz.
The event in the courtyard of the Founders House, one of the first buildings erected at Degania, was attended by President Shimon Peres and MKs Haim Oron (Meretz), who joined Kibbutz Lahav after the army, and Shai Hermesh (Kadima), who became a member of Kibbutz Kfar Aza after his military service.
Ze’ev Shor, head of the Kibbutz Movement, which was formed in 1999 by a partial merger of the United Kibbutz Movement and Kibbutz Artzi, spoke of the contributions of kibbutzim to the agriculture and defense of the state.
“We must remind ourselves and others that building the land, defining and defending its borders are not empty words or clichés,” he said.
Despite changes that have taken place over the years in Israel, kibbutzniks “hold our heads up high” for their contribution to Israeli society, Shor said.
Peres also addressed the crowd, reminiscing over the old days in Israel and the simple joys of living on a kibbutz. Peres, who lived on Kibbutz Geva for several years as a young man and was one of the founders of Kibbutz Alumot, said that Israel “wouldn’t be what it is today without all of the security and social achievements of the Kibbutz Movement.”
Wednesday’s event included a celebration for five kibbutz members celebrating their 100th birthdays.
Founded by immigrants from Russia and Ukraine in 1910, Degania has loomed large in Zionist lore for many years, partly due to its role in stopping the Syrian advance during the War of Independence. On May 20, 1948, during the Battles of the Kinnerot Valley, Degania Aleph and Degania Bet repelled a Syrian attack. Outside the main gate of Degania Aleph, a Syrian tank still stands, testament to the kibbutz’s role in defending the earliest borders of the state.
The kibbutz on the southern shore of Lake Kinneret was also the birthplace of legendary IDF chief of General Staff Moshe Dayan, and was home to a number of prominent residents of the nascent state. The poet Rachel, the “prophet of labor” A.D. Gordon and Zionist hero Joseph Trumpeldor all worked at Degania Aleph.
Tamar Gal-Sarai, the cultural director of Degania Aleph, said celebrating the 100th anniversary “means a lot of pride, as simple as that. It’s one thing to be an entity for 100 years, it’s another thing for a living thing to be around for 100 years.”
Gal-Sarai, 49, a third-generation resident whose grandparents were the first family on the kibbutz, said that despite the changes in Israel and those adopted by the movement, the role of the kibbutz remained “to be the light, the torch leading the camp.”
She described the Kibbutz Movement as “always on the periphery,” always on the front line of contribution to the state. She said that for her, being a kibbutznik meant “we make the choice that we aren’t only going to take, that we’re giving a lot and making a choice to perform extra service.”
“The Kibbutz Movement has a lot to contribute, and we’re not done,” Gal-Sarai said.
You can find another article about Degania here.
Then and Now (1957-2011)
Exiting the RAMC, in British Army, I was sent to Jerusalem for a year's study at the 'Machon,' the Institute for Youth Leaders from Abroad in 1954-55. All the 72 students, from some 10 different countries, contracted to finish the year and then do 2 years Movement Work in the various Zionist Youth Movements around the world. Ours was HaBonim.
We studied hard for six months. Hebrew every day. Jewish History. Geography. The Arab/Israel Conflict. Zionist History. Community Organisation. Scout craft and Camping. And Handicrafts. After six months study we all moved to kibbutzim, all over the country, and spent our time working half days, picking oranges and studying Hebrew in the afternoons. We all came back for the Final Month in Jerusalem, speaking Hebrew fairly fluently.
The girl sitting next to me in class was to become my wife. When we got back to The UK we got married and worked in The Movement for two years, in London and Dublin. We made 'Aliyah' and got back to Kibbutz Amiad in 1957. My wife was seven months pregnant with our first of three sons, Yonatan.
Urban kibbutzim plant seeds for improving city life
The old socialist model gets a modern twist as intentional communities make educational and social inroads in underprivileged Israeli neighborhoods.
Members of Kibbutz Mishol in Nazareth Illit
Guy Gardi, a founding member of 25-year-old urban Kibbutz Beit Yisrael in the southern Jerusalem neighborhood of Gilo Aleph, doesn’t consider himself a pioneer like the founders of the nearly 100-year-old Kibbutz Ein Harod in the Jezreel Valley, where he grew up.
Those original egalitarian communes (kibbutz means “gathering” or “collective”) struggled to establish fertile farms in long-barren soil, while today’s urban kibbutz is an intentional community working to improve quality of life and education in underserved neighborhoods. It’s a different kind of pioneering.
“The unique idea of an urban kibbutz is to take the old idea of a kibbutz — a group of people living together and sharing their resources to help each other accomplish a mission – and apply it to a social environment rather than an agricultural environment,” explains Gardi.
Five secular and religious families started Kibbutz Beit Yisrael in 1993. They moved into a former immigrant absorption center in a rundown part of Gilo and extended a hand to residents of the surrounding public-housing projects.
“We’re working with amazing people who happen to have a lot of troubles. To understand them we have to live among them, respect them and build trust. The connection has to influence both sides,” Gardi tells ISRAEL21c. “Of all the things I do, the most important is just to live there and be a caring friend and neighbor.”
Members founded the Kvutzat Reut nonprofit as a vehicle to promote social action and religious pluralism in Gilo Aleph. Guy Gardi, center, speaking at an event in the community garden built by members of Kibbutz Beit Yisrael for local residents.Kvutzat Reut-Kibbutz Beit Yisrael offers informal education programs for all ages; revitalizes public preschools and elementary schools with declining enrollment; and founded Mechinat Beit Yisrael, a pre-army leadership, study and local volunteering program that attracts students from Israel and abroad.
“Kibbutz Beit Yisrael was one of the first to invent this model and a lot of people have come here to learn about it in the past 25 years,” says longtime member Omer Lefkowitz. “Israel is full of people looking for vision, for a life of meaning. Mission-driven communities give them a way to do that.”
A new social movement
Nomika Zion, founder of urban Kibbutz Migvan in the blue-collar southern town of Sderot, estimates that more than 200 urban kibbutzim or similar intentional communities exist across Israel. More are springing up all the time.
“It’s a new social movement,” she says.
This movement includes Garin Torani communities of religious young families; student volunteer villages of the grassroots Ayalim Association in the Negev and Galilee; and non-Jewish (including Druze) intentional communities.
Nomika Zion, founder of urban Kibbutz Migvan in Sderot. Photo by Yossi Oren“What they have in common is that they are extremely involved in their city or town’s social welfare and education,” Zion tells ISRAEL21c. “Most don’t have a sharing economy like classic kibbutzim but they often work and live together.”
Zion frequently hosts foreign visitors, reporters and university students wishing to understand the phenomenon. She starts with her own story as a third-generation kibbutznik.
“Israel is full of people looking for vision, for a life of meaning. Mission-driven communities give them a way to do that.”
“I was raised on social values of equality, but nearby there was a development town of North African immigrants we never met. I wanted to break down the metaphorical wall,” Zion says. “I wanted to bring the kibbutz into the city and share my life with people of different backgrounds, and try to build relationships not based on patronizing anyone.”
Six young pioneers followed Zion to Sderot in 1987. At that time, many children of the town’s original Moroccan immigrants were growing up and taking leadership roles to improve life in Sderot.
“There were exciting changes happening and we wanted to be part of that,” says Zion. “When we started we got no support from the Kibbutz Movement or the government. But we wanted to create a new kind of communal model in Israel.”
Kibbutz Migvan members lived in public housing for 14 years before buying land and building their own houses and community center.
They established the first high-tech company in Sderot. The owners from the kibbutz and the workers from town earned equal salaries and made management decisions democratically.
In 1994, they founded the Gvanim Association to provide equal employment and education opportunities for Israelis with special needs. In 2008, they built houses for about 20 people wit Members of Kibbutz Migvan in Sderot built their own neighborhood within the city.h physical disabilities to live among them.
Today, the high-tech company and Gvanim are independently run. Many of Kibbutz Migvan’s 100 members are involved in these enterprises but are free to work wherever they choose.
Without sacrificing shared activities such as meals, childcare, holiday celebrations and educational seminars, the economic and social structure has become more flexible just as it has on many of the 250 traditional kibbutzim across Israel.
“Over the years many families joined us but didn’t want to have a shared economy, so today only six families are in that shared economy and the rest are not,” Zion explains. “Everyone is very close to one another despite their differences. People contribute in different ways.”
Four generations of the Simon family, all Kibbutz Beit Yisrael members, on the steps of their communal home in Jerusalem. Photo: courtesy
A similar shift has taken place at Kibbutz Beit Yisrael in Jerusalem. Its 10 core families are supplemented by an economically independent group of 60 to 80 families who help carry out Kvutzat Reut’s programs. Mechinat Beit Yisrael currently has 60 men and women in the first year and 25 in the second year.
Lefkowitz, now 40, graduated from the first class of Mechinat Beit Yisrael and came back after the army in 2002 to join the urban kibbutz. He teaches at the academy and directs the activities of alumni who have so far started six similar urban kibbutzim around Israel.
Many of the at-risk neighborhood kids who benefited from Kvutzat Reut programs also come back after the army and become partners in improving the neighborhood.
“The social projects we do touch more and more people,” Lefkowitz says. “It’s not a project; it’s life. You need people that see it as a mission.”
Building Israeli society together
In an impoverished neighborhood of the northern town of Nazareth Illit, 150 members of urban Kibbutz Mishol — half of them children – reside in an eight-story former immigrant absorption center.
About 20 percent of their neighbors are senior citizens. Immigrants from the former Soviet Union, Arab Muslims and Christians are the predominant populations groups here.
The former immigrant absorption center that houses Kibbutz Mishol in Nazareth Illit.
“We started about 20 years ago,” says founding member James Grant Rosenhead, 44, a 1999 immigrant from the UK. “We work with all the populations together, in a neighborhood where there’s a lot of racism, and bring kids to an ability to build Israeli society together.”
Members of Kibbutz Mishol run and staff the local elementary school, the flagship project of its NGO, Tikkun, whose projects also include children’s afterschool programs and a drop-in youth center. They will build an educational greenhouse at the school this year.
Kibbutz Mishol founding member James Grant Rosenhead.
Tikkun took over HaMahanot HaOlim, a national youth movement founded in 1929 to help establish agricultural kibbutzim, to prepare young Israelis from its 50 branches to found intentional urban communities.
“We now have a network of six activist kibbutzim – ours in addition to kibbutzim in Rishon LeZion, Eilat, Migdal HaEmek, Haifa and the Jordan Valley,” Rosenhead tells ISRAEL21c. “We help them establish educational and social projects in their neighborhoods.”
Eighty percent of adult Kibbutz Mishol members choose to work in Tikkun projects locally and nationwide. Rosenhead, formerly the joint CEO of Tikkun, recently retrained as a computer programmer to work in the kibbutz’s database development startup.
Hazon, the US-based Jewish Lab for Sustainability, is launching a project to introduce potential diaspora intentional communities to existing Israeli ones. Rosenhead will be a guide for these visits.
“People think human beings don’t share and cooperate well, but it turns out that it is possible to compromise, cooperate and form an intensive community life,” says Rosenhead.
Adds Zion, from Kibbutz Migvan: “When you create a new social model for life, it’s very romantic. Then you meet reality and there are many compromises and disappointments. And yet, I couldn’t have dreamed 33 years ago that the reality would be better than the dream.”
The Communal Scene in Israel
Communal Living In Israel
Altogether there are 265 rural kibbutzim, plus 5 urban kibbutzim, 12 communal villages,over 100 city communes and various other intentional communities.
Some 115,600 souls live on kibbutzim, almost 2% of the population. In no other country is there such a high percentage of commune dwellers. The largest kibbutz has 626 members, with a total population of 1254.
Unlike communes elsewhere, the kibbutzim are, and always have been very much an integral part of the national liberation movement and then of the state itself. They played a major role in almost all facets of the upbuilding of the Jewish homeland, and in the Labour movement, but their impact has gradually been eroded with time. Nevertheless, there are 3 kibbutz members in the Knesset (Parliament), including a woman deputy-minister. A former Prime Minister was born and educated on a kibbutz, and a former Chief of Staff is a member of a kibbutz. In addition, the kibbutz contribution to the cultural and economic life of the country is far beyond their proportion of the population. For more details about kibbutzim and the kibbutz movement, click here.
Being part and parcel of Israeli society, it should be no surprise that the egoistic, anti-ideological materialism now current in the country is taking its toll on the kibbutzim. Other major factors contributing to the present crisis are serious economic problems (partially stemming from past severe inflation) and the lack of clear objectives. All these, and other factors, have created in many kibbutzim a lack of confidence in the future of the kibbutz way of life. The result is a strong move towards changes in the direction of less communal living, and many kibbutzim are in a state of crisis. (For more details about the changing kibbutz, press here.) The recent unification of the two largest kibbutz movements hasn't affected this trend. Indeed some kibbutzim are about to relinquish their communal lifestyle almost completely.
Nevertheless, kibbutz members continue to contribute considerably in almost all spheres of life: culture, agriculture, industry, sport, defence, immigrant absorption, politics, social work, environment, etc. etc..
As for urban kibbutzim, there are four recognized as such by the kibbutz movement (and one more, Kibbutz Mish-ol in Nazareth Illit, which although not part of the kibbutz movement, is registered legally as an urban kibbutz). Two are in Jerusalem: Kibbutz Reshit (with an orthodox religious lifestyle) and Kibbutz Bet Israel (with a mix of religious and non-religious members). The other two non-religious urban kibbutzim are in "development towns": Kibbutz Migvan in Shderot and Kibbutz Tamuz in Bet Shemesh.
Several young rural kibbutzim (Ravid, Eshbal, Na'aran and Pelech) have similar ideas and are concentrating on educational activities.
The 12 communal villages, in Hebrew "moshav shitufi", with a total population of some 4000, have a less collective set-up than kibbutzim. Five of them are affiliated to the largest kibbutz federation, and seven to the workers settlement movement.
An interesting and very positive development over the past few years is the emergence of a new type of city commune. This is definitely an original Israeli invention, since they are made up of former leaders of youth movements, who have finished their military service and wish to live together and contribute to society, mainly through formal and informal educational work. Over 100 of these urban communes exist.The largest and oldest of these is made up of 8 communes in the northern city of Nazareth Illit, which includes Kvutsat Yovel, a commune of immigrants from English-speaking countries. All of the above have the intention to contribute (through educational and social work) to their surroundings, which are in need of plenty of help. Many of their members are former kibbutzniks or sons and daughters of kibbutzim.
Some explanation is called for. In Israel, as well as in Jewish communities around the world, there exist various Zionist youth movements. These resemble vaguely the Boy Scouts, but are youth led, with mixed boy-girl membership and with a strong informal educational/ideological/cultural bias. They encourage their members to work in various ways for the Jewish people (and other good causes) and some of their graduates join kibbutzim. In recent years, some of the Israeli movement leaders have formed city communes to carry on their positive activities after their army service. (Boys do at least 3 years military service and girls do 2 - unless they are married or religious.)
In addition, there are a variety of other communes and intentional communities around the country. Do contact us, if you belong to one of these or have any relevant information.
The vast number of books, publications and articles about kibbutz reflects the wide-ranging interest in the subject. In Israel, most of the publications on the subject are available at the library of Yad Tabenkin at Seminar Efal, the staff of which is always ready to be of assistance. Alternative sources are the libraries of Givat Chaviva, of the University of Haifa (with its Institute for Research on the Kibbutz and the Cooperative Idea) and those of the other universities. In other countries too, the university libraries no doubt include many such publications.
Unfortunately, we have had to limit ourselves only to those books in English which are somehow connected with this site.
Avrahami, E., Kibbutz - An Evolving Community, Yad Tabenkin, 1992.
Avrahami, E., The Changing Kibbutz, Yad Tabenkin, 2000
Fedler, Jon: KIBBUTZ, What, When, When, Where, Israel Information Center: Focus on Israel, Jerusalem, 2002. (Available from Israeli diplomatic missions and on
Gavron, Daniel, The Kibbutz - Awakening from Utopia, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 2000
Gelb, Saadia, Almost One Hundred Years of Togetherness, Shmuel Press, Tel Aviv, 1994
Horrox, J. (2009): A Living Revolution: Anarchism in the Kibbutz Movement, Oakland, CA; Edinburgh: AK Press
Leichman, D. & 1. Paz (eds.), KIBBUTZ - An Alternative Lifestyle, Yad Tabenkin. 1994
Maron, S., Kibbutz in a Market Society, Yad Tabenkin, 1993
Mort, J. and Brenner, G. (2003): Our Hearts Invented a Place: Can Kibbutzim Survive in Today’s Israel? Ithaca; London: Cornell University Press
Near, H. The Kibbutz Movement - A History; Vol. 1: Origins and Growth, 1909-1939; Vol. 2: Crisis and Achievement, 1939-1995, Oxford Univ. Press, 1992; 1997
KIBBUTZ TRENDS, formerly Kibbutz Currents and Kibbutz Studies, (quarterly), Ramat Efal: Yad Tabenkin, 1991-2004.
Tyldesley, Michael - No Heavenly Delusion? - A Comparative Study of Three Communal Movements, Liverpool University Press, 2003.
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Agriculture Production Surveys and Censuses
Include variables
Include concepts
Agricultural data can be dated back to 1861. Between then and the mid 1950s, agricultural statistics were regularly collected by government agencies. From 1955-56 until 1987 a full postal census was conducted annually. Between 1987 and 1996, full censuses were conducted in 1990 and 1994, and sample surveys of agricultural production were conducted in the years between censuses. There were no surveys of agricultural production in 1997 and 1998. A sample survey of farms predominantly involved in livestock farming was conducted in 1999. In 2000 a full coverage survey of all farms involved in horticultural activity was conducted. There was no survey of agricultural production in 2001. The reinstatement of the Agriculture Statistics programme in 2001 saw the taking of an Agricultural Production Census in 2002. Coverage included farms involved in livestock, cropping, horticulture and forestry. This survey was the first in an on-going programme of censuses and surveys undertaken by Statistics NZ in consultation with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and since 2012, the Ministry for Primary Industries. The Agricultural Production Statistics have one yearly collection with two releases. The first release in mid-December has provisional data, with the final data released mid-May the following year.
To collect information about livestock farming (including sheep, beef and dairy cattle, and deer), crop growing (including grain and seed crops), fruit, vegetables, wine grapes, forestry and farm practices (including fertiliser use).
Statistics New Zealand
Coverage Information
Topical Coverage
supplementary feed crops
grain and seed crops
cultivation and direct drilling
Agricultural Production Statistics: June 2002 (Provisional)
Agricultural Production Statistics: June 2002 (Final)
Agriculture Information release
Usage and limitations of the data
Agricultural data contributes to the compilation of National Accounts. Longitudinal research of business dynamics projects (see Longitudinal Business Database). Customised requests sourced from complete linecodes dataset, linecode combinations, by detailed geographic area (Territorial Authority and meshblock) and up to six digit ANZSIC codes (industry level).
The Agricultural surveys area designed to produce results to a Regional Council level and the censuses to a Territorial Authority level.
Yearly time series is not available as there was no agricultural production survey conducted in 1997, 1998 or 2001. In 2000, the survey related only to horticulture.
The population for the 2002 Agricultural Production Census and subsequent surveys differs from that of previous agricultural censuses and surveys. Figures from 2002 onwards may not be directly comparable with previous years.
Main users of the data
Internal: Business Frame for updates National Accounts Longitudinal Business Database
External: Ministry for Primary Industries, Regional Councils, Agricultural Suppliers and Agricultural Research Organizations
4 Annual
Significant events impacting this study series
Up to and including the season 1908-09, agricultural and pastoral statistics were collected annually by sub-enumerators appointed by the Department of Agriculture. In the season 1909-10 information was collected for the principal crops only. A full detailed collection was made for the 1910-11 season in conjunction with the Population Census of 1911. From then to 1914-15 no complete collection was made, and the postal collection was found in some respects to be unsatisfactory. From 1916 until 1930 the actual collection of the agricultural and pastoral statistics schedules was carried out annually through the police organisation. The system required officers in charge of police stations to obtain all necessary particulars by a personal canvass of occupiers of holdings of one acre or over located outside boroughs.
In 1931 it was decided, for reasons of economy, to dispense with the assistance of the police organisation and so avoid the travelling and other expenses incidental to the personal canvass system. Instead, the statistics were obtained on questionnaires distributed through the post by the Census and Statistics Department. Although a considerable saving was effected in this way, various circumstances combined to create difficulties and delays in completing the work of compilation.
In 1932 a new system was adopted, representing a combination of both the postal and the personal-canvass systems. The services of the police organisation were requisitioned to this end, it being realised that the local knowledge of police officers in reference to changes in occupancy, etc., as well as their proximity to occupiers within their respective districts was a valuable asset in securing returns.
In 1950, a special Census of Agriculture was conducted as part of the World Census of Agriculture. A considerably wider scope was covered in this special census than in the normal annual collection. In particular, a comprehensive examination of farm machinery was undertaken for the first time, while, again, an analysis of farm population and employment was made. In order to carry out such a detailed collection it became necessary to revert to the system in operation up to 1930, whereby particulars were obtained by a personal canvass of occupiers.
Commencing with 1952-53, Agriculture Statistics were collected using a sample of approximately 12,000 farms, instead of a full collection of 90,000 farms. This was a postal survey. However, this method of surveying farmers ceased after the 1954-55 survey year.
From 1955-56 until 1987 a full postal census was conducted annually. Full censuses were also conducted in 1990 and 1994. Between 1987 and 1996 sample surveys of agriculture production were conducted in the years between censuses.
There were no surveys of agriculture production in 1997 and 1998. A sample survey of farms predominantly involved in livestock farming was conducted in 1999. In 2000 a full coverage survey of all farms involved in horticultural activity was conducted. There was no survey of agriculture production in 2001.
The reinstatement of the Agriculture Statistics programme in 2001 saw the taking of an Agriculture Production Census in 2002. Coverage included farms involved in livestock, cropping, horticulture and forestry. This survey was the first in an on-going programme of censuses and surveys being undertaken by Statistics New Zealand with the cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
An Agricultural Production Survey conducted in 2003 was a sample survey with coverage of the same sectors as the 2002 Agricultural Production Census.
An Agricultural Production Survey conducted in 2004 was a sample survey with coverage of the same sectors as the 2002 Agricultural Production Census except for horticulture.
An Agricultural Production Census conducted in 2007 was a full coverage census of the same sectors as the 2002 Agricultural Production Census.
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Angelika Anywhere: Curated for Film Lovers
A streaming platform inspired by the Angelika Film Center
NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Reading International, Inc. (NASDAQ: RDI) announces the launch of Angelika Anywhere, a streaming platform curated for film lovers, as inspired by its Angelika Film Center in New York City, North America’s most recognized dedicated arthouse.
Since its inception in 1989, the Angelika’s flagship SoHo cinema has been debuting and celebrating groundbreaking independent and international films, many of which have gone on to become important pinnacles of the cinema industry at large. Among these standout titles are The Blair Witch Project, Darren Aronofsky’s Pi, Ryan Coogler’s Fruitvale Station, Oscar winner Searching for Sugar Man, Tom Tykwer’s Run Lola Run, and Sebastián Lelio’s Oscar winner A Fantastic Woman.
Angelika Anywhere expands the cinema experience beyond the four walls of the theater, bringing the Angelika Film Center’s curated programming to cinephiles across the United States. The platform’s programming team has hand-picked an array of celebrated arthouse, international and independent films, and ensured that all films on the platform have earned the Angelika’s stamp of approval. Angelika Anywhere features Curated Collections starting with The Angelika Vault, which features a selection of films that have played at the Angelika in New York over the last 30 years, including audience favorites, milestone films and programmers’ picks. Other Curated Collections include Celebrate Black Cinema, Global Cinema, Spotlight on Latin America, LGBTQ+, Award Winners, Music and Documentary.
“We are thrilled to offer viewers the Angelika experience at home or on the go,” said Denise Hughes, senior director of programming. “With Angelika Anywhere, our goal is to eliminate the paradox of choice – the endless scrolling through seemingly infinite choices on other platforms – and offer great films front and center so a viewer can start watching a film in moments, with the knowledge that it was hand-selected. At launch, the platform offers immediate access to over 150 titles, and we will be frequently adding films and creating new collections moving forward. We are also thrilled to provide audiences access to select virtual cinema titles, whose intended theatrical release has been cut off or postponed due to cinema closures amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Angelika Anywhere offers us a great opportunity to preserve for our viewers access to the films that have, over the years, made Angelika a trusted name in arthouse, independent and international film.”
The Angelika’s Marketing Director, Kelley Anderson, adds, “When users log into Angelika Anywhere, we want them to feel like they’re walking into the Angelika Film Center. Guests come to the Angelika because they trust the programming, and our goal is to achieve that same trust with our platform.” Ms. Anderson continued, “In addition to our curated programming, Angelika Anywhere will also offer exclusive Q&A content with filmmakers and talent from live events at the Angelika Film Center. Going forward, we plan to partner with filmmakers and studios to secure brand new exclusive content to further enrich the Angelika Anywhere experience.”
Starting Dec. 30th, Angelika Anywhere is proud to host a one-week exclusive virtual cinema engagement of NEON’s Night of the Kings, an Official Selection of the 2021 Sundance Film Festival, 2020 Venice and New York Film Festivals, and 2020 Toronto International Film Festival Amplify Voices Award winner. The film is the official Oscar selection by the Côte d’Ivoire for consideration at the upcoming 2021 Academy Awards. Night of the Kings, from Director Philippe Lacôte (Run, African Metropolis) follows a young man on his first night in the infamous Ivorian prison, “La Maca.” Upon arriving, he is christened the “Roman,” or “Storyteller,” and must entertain his audience until morning, risking death should he fail. Under a blood-red moon, he crafts a tale weaving together the country’s mythological past and recent history, while around him, prison politics threaten to boil over.
In the first exclusive virtual filmmaker Q&A on Angelika Anywhere, Denise Hughes will be speaking with Oscar winning Director Juan Jose Campanella about his new film The Weasels’ Tale – the enjoyable story of four lifelong friends that is Sunset Boulevard meets The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, with a Latin Twist. Campanella’s Q&A will debut on Angelika Anywhere on Saturday, Jan. 2, at 8pm EST.
About Angelika Anywhere
No Subscription Required – Angelika Anywhere does not require a subscription. Users only pay for each film they rent or purchase.
30 Day Rental – Once users rent a film, they have 30 days to begin watching it. Once they press play, the film will remain available for 48 hours.
#MyAngelika – A user’s rented and purchased films will be stored in their “Library”. Users may also click on “My List” to add any film to their personal watchlist.
Watch Anywhere – All films are viewable on a web browser, Apple devices (iPhone, iPad via app or browser), Apple TV, and Google devices (Android phones via app or browser, Android TV devices) and Google Chromecast. Roku integration is in development, scheduled to be released in 2021.
Angelika on the Go – Users who download the Angelika Anywhere Player app on the App Store or Google Play can log in and access/stream their personal film Library.
For more information on Angelika Anywhere, please visit AngelikaAnywhere.com or follow Angelika Anywhere on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.
About Reading International, Inc.
Reading International, Inc. (NASDAQ: RDI), an internationally diversified cinema and real estate company, is a leading entertainment and real estate company, engaged in the development, ownership and operation of cinemas and retail and commercial real estate in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.
The family of Reading brands includes cinema brands: Reading Cinemas, Angelika Film Centers, Consolidated Theatres, City Cinemas, and the State Cinema; live theatres operated by Liberty Theatres in the United States; and signature property developments, including Newmarket Village, Auburn Redyard, Cannon Park, and The Belmont Common in Australia, Courtenay Central in New Zealand, and 44 Union Square in New York City.
For more information about Reading, please visit ReadingRDI.com.
About the Angelika Film Center
Since its inception in 1989, the original Angelika Film Center & Café in New York City’s SoHo neighborhood has become synonymous with the best in arthouse, independent and international film, due to its curated and diverse programming. As a true filmmaker’s jewel and a choice destination for cinephiles, the Angelika has attained, and continues to be, the most successful and recognized arthouse in North America.
Since 2000, the Angelika brand has expanded in the United States to Dallas and Plano, Texas; Fairfax, Virginia; Washington D.C. and San Diego, California. Each new theater opening has elevated the standard of excellence, optimizing the cinema-going experience for guests.
Reading’s cinema portfolio includes other key specialty cinemas, including the Village East and Cinemas 123 in New York City, The Tower Theatre in Sacramento and the State Cinema in Tasmania, Australia.
For media information contact:
Jo Brantferger – (214) 435-1936
job@readingrdi.com
For investor information contact:
Reading International, Inc.
Gilbert Avanes, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Andrzej Matyczynski, Executive Vice President for Global Operations
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Master Marketing Blog
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Reva Minkoff
Reva Minkoff is the Founder and President of Digital4Startups, a full-service digital marketing consultancy, and DigitalGroundUp, an award-winning interactive technology platform that enables anyone to learn digital marketing. In 2018, Reva was one of five finalists for the Women in Tech award in Sales & Marketing and was named US Gamechanger of the Year in the ACQ5 Global Awards. In 2017, she was selected to Chicago Inno’s 50 on Fire list. Amongst other awards, Reva has been named to the JUF 36 Under 36 List and Chicago Scholars 35 Under 35 Young Leaders Making An Impact List. Reva also teaches or has taught at a number of schools and programs throughout the Chicago area, including at Loyola University Chicago‘s Quinlan School of Business, Tribeca Flashpoint Academy’s Digital Professional Institute, The Startup Institute, The Founder Institute, Techstars Chicago, 1871, and Future Founders, amongst others, and is one of 25 women featured in the new book, The She Shift. She was recently named one of the Top Women in Marketing in Chicago.
Reva got her start in marketing through an internship designing collateral for USAToday while still in high school, and her start in digital marketing through an internship with Google while in college. After graduating from Harvard University with Honors in Government, Reva moved to Chicago. Prior to founding DigitalGroundUp and Digital4Startups, Reva was the Director of Marketing for Poggled, a startup offering nightlife deals in 5 markets. While at Poggled, Reva was invited to the White House to live-tweet the arrival ceremony of the new British Prime Minister. Before coming to Poggled, Reva was an Advertising Strategist at Resolution Media. While there, she worked on clients such as Hewlett-Packard, Clear Wireless and Norwegian Cruise Lines, running the day-to-day search operations for HP’s Commercial Printing account. She was also a Senior Marketing Analyst for Reverse Mortgage Guides and a Business Analyst at Sears Holdings Corporation.
Reva is a member of Ms. Tech, 1871, and WeWork, and is on the Board of Directors of the Harvard Club of Chicago and the Harvard Alumni Association. She is a passionate New York Giants fan, Broadway nerd, and foodie.
Matthew Ruske
Matthew Ruske is the General Manager of Digital4Startups Inc. and has been with the company since its founding in 2012. He manages the company’s Analytics & Conversion Program with additional specializations in PPC Advertising, Data Analysis, Data Reporting, and Conversion Rate Optimization.
Throughout his time with D4S, Matthew has worked with companies of all sizes to accomplish goals in all aspects of the digital marketing field. He is passionate about helping companies understand the ever-evolving world of digital marketing and figuring out which aspects can aid in a company’s growth through data.
Matthew played baseball collegiately at UW-Whitewater and is a passionate fan of the Twins, 49ers, and Tottenham. He also enjoys anything written by Patterson, Connelly, or Coben and loves Kenny Chesney.
Nik Myles
Nik Myles is the Director of Operations at Digital4Startups Inc. Nik has nearly 20 years of experience within digital marketing, and the worry lines to prove it. A seasoned Paid Search veteran, Nik spends much of his time trying to organize the rest of us into being more, well, organized.
Having lived in the UK for most of his life, Nik moved to Chicago in 2016 and now spends most of his time with his young family in Des Plaines. Whenever possible, he likes to tell anyone who will listen about Tranmere Rovers soccer club and the time he gave Michael Franti a high five.
Laura Nilles
Laura Nilles is a Consultant at Digital4Startups and has been with the company since 2018. She runs the Paid Social Media and Organic Social Media Marketing programs, but she also loves helping clients with their PPC Advertising, SEO, and CRO to improve each client’s user experience from beginning to end.
Laura began her career after graduating from UW-Madison writing copy at a marketing agency in Milwaukee. She also has extensive experience running the social media accounts for various salons and spas throughout Madison and Milwaukee. When she’s not working, she enjoys binge-watching documentaries, listening to Beyonce, and searching for Chicago’s best sweet potato fries.
Heather Cobler
Heather Cobler graduated from Columbia College Chicago with a B.F.A. in design and received an integrated marketing certificate from DePaul University. After working over 7 years as an Advertising and Promotions Manager she is now a Creative Strategist with D4S.
Heather made the move from a small town of 800 people to the big city of Chicago in 2010. She spends most of her time with her husband and friends at the beach, traveling and watching bad horror movies.
Fotini Anastopoulos
Fotini Anastopoulos joined D4S as an Associate Consultant in August 2020. She graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Psychology and has experience in marketing strategy and graphic design.
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Digital4Startups is a digital marketing consulting firm founded in 2012 specializing in marketing strategy, search engine marketing, analytics, and SEO. We help companies use their marketing budgets more efficiently while providing education along the way.
By understanding our client and their business, we work with our clients to develop the most cost-efficient marketing strategy possible.
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Examples of Personal Statements | Personal Statement Examples
Free personal statements resources and personal statement examples for college, law school, MBA programs, medical school, and graduate school
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What to Know About the University of Michigan Ann Arbor Ross
The University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) Ross School of Business is a top institution established in 1924. In 2001, Robert J. Dolan became the business school’s dean. As part of his school plans as the new dean, Dolan aims to make a mark among recruiters and MBA candidates.
The business school was renamed the Stephen M. Ross School of Business after Stephen M. Ross (alumnus) donated a total of $100 million. At that time, Ross’ donation was the biggest ever given to a business school.
The degrees offered at this business school include BBA, full-time MBA, part-time MBA, executive MBA, global MBA, Master of Accounting, PhD programs, executive education, and Master of Supply Chain Management.
Notable alumni from the Ross School of Business include blogger and documentary filmmaker Hao Wu, General Mills CEO Stephen Sanger, National Geographic Society CEO and President John M. Fahey, Jr., United States Olympic Committee President (emeritus) William C. Martin, Allstate CEO Thomas J. Wilson, and Freddie Mac Chief Financial Officer David Kellermann.
Rankings and reviews
The school’s MBA program was ranked by BusinessWeek as 5th in 2008, its BBA as 4th in 2009, and its EMBA as 4th in 2008. According to US News, the school’s MBA is 12th in 2010, and its BBA is ranked 4th in 2010. The Wall Street Journal ranks the school’s MBA program as 7th in 2008. Forbes ranks the school’s part-time MBA as 7th in 2009.
Admission tips
Hundreds or even thousands of applicants try their luck with the business school’s admissions process. The application to the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) Ross School of Business is quite competitive. One must have an excellent high school record in order to get better chances in the admissions. Aside from this, the applicant must also pass the exams and the interviews conducted by the school with flying colors. Another equally important requirement in this school is the admissions essay. One must submit a notable personal statement in order to successfully make through the admissions process.
Admission facts
Number of students who are admitted each year:
MBA Program: 419
BBA program: 337
For Part-time MBA, Full-time MBA, and BBA and MAcc Programs
Email: MBA RossMBAAdmissions@umich.edu
PTMBA: rossptmba@umich.edu
MAcc: rossmacc@umich.edu
BBA: rossbba@umich.edu
For Executive MBA
Executive MBA Program
Email: rossemba@umich.edu
Posted in MBA SCHOOL PROFILES | Leave a comment
Alumni Created MBA Bond to Offer Loans to Students
Together with Prodigy Finance, INSEAD is set to launch a new international loan program for its MBA students. The program called The Prodigy MBA Bond for INSEAD is expected to be a sucessful project, which will help provide financial assistance to INSEAD’s MBA students while letting investors and some alumni gain profits from their investments. The partnership is expected to be a fruitful venture since INSEAD, an international business school with branches in Singapore, Dubai, and France, has already worked with the company, which offers international educational finance. INSEAD Dean J. Frank Brown has confirmed that the international business school has been working side by side with Prodigy Finance for the last four years.
Prodigy Finance founder, Ryan Steele, cited the value of a bond, which is greatly appreciated by family offices and alumni investors. The company, according to Steele, has more than 5.5 million euro in assets. It was able to give investors 5% returns per year since 2007, in spite of the economic meltdown. This project was actually started by three alumni of INSEAD to provide an alternative source of funding, other than banks, for students who want to pursue higher education. It started in 2007 and has now covered about 198 INSEAD MBAs from different countries. In December this year, the company is expected to provide loans to 160 students.
The program is made possible through the community education bond amounting to 50 million euro. The bond is actually linked to 200 students to ensure diversification. The investors can easily track online which students are given school funding, getting them more involved with the project.
Photo Credits: Allan Cleaver
Posted in SCHOLARSHIP GRANTS | Leave a comment
Penn State College of Medicine to Hold a Primary Care Day
If graduate schools and business schools hold an open house, information sessions, or other networking get-togethers, medical schools also have their own way of welcoming and preparing their prospective students. For this purpose, The Penn State College of Medicine is hosting its Primary Care Day on October 23, 2010.
What exactly is Primary Care Day?
Primary Care Day is like an open house with a slight difference. Prospective students from University Park can come in for a day and get to know more about the medical program, including the admissions process. During Primary Care Day, the prospective students may get some tips about the application process, especially since they can actively interact with current students and faculty. Primary Care Day is held every fall at the Penn State Hershey Medical Center.
What are the event and contact details for the Primary Care Day?
Primary Care Day is to be held on October 23, 2010. It begins at 8:30 am. The event is free to prospective students and other guests alike. A free lunch is also served. Access to registration forms is available online. For those who have queries about the event, they can contact Diane Ferron at dferron@hmc.psu.edu or phone 717-531-1534.
Posted in MEDICAL SCHOOL ADMISSIONS NEWS | Leave a comment
Info about the University of Southern California Marshall School
The USC Marshall School of Business is a private research and academic institution at the University of Southern California. The Marshall School of Business is the largest among the 17 USC’s professional schools. The school was established as the College of Commerce and Business Administration in 1920. It was in 1960 that the Graduate School of Business Administration was established. The school only acquired its present name in 1997 after an alumnus, Gordon S. Marshall, donated $35 million.
The school offers excellent degrees and programs. In fact, the school’s undergraduate MBA programs belong to the top ten and top 20 in the whole country. For the undergrad, the school offers a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. There is also the Global Leadership Program available. For the graduate degree, there is a full-time and a part-time MBA. There is also the Executive Education, Global Executive Education, and PhD. Most of the programs and courses that this school offers are highly ranked by reputable organizatons.
The chairman and CEO of Traders Joe’s, Dan Bane is an alumnus of this school. Another alumnus of Marshall School is John Campbell, a US Comgressman. The co-founder and CEO of MySpace is also one of the notable alumnus of this school. The CEO of Glencore, Ivan Glasenberg also came from this school. There are more other notable alumni of this school in the world of business and even outside of the business world.
The degrees and programs offered in the University of California Marshall School of Business are all excellent. The full-time Marshall MBA is ranked number 25 by the BusinessWeek in 2008, and number 20 by the US News and world Report in 2009. The part-time MBA is fifth in 2009 by the US News and World Report, and 3rd according to BusinessWeek in 2007.
The University of Southern California Marshall School of Business is highly competitive. This is why one must exceed the standard requirement upon application. One must have a good high school record, excellent entrance exam and interview result, and also an attention-grabbing personal statement. Take note of these 2011 application deadlines:
Average 2009 GMAT: 690
Average 2009 Acceptance Rate: 22%
Average 2009 GPA: 3.3
Class Size: 222
One can find more information about the school at www.marshall.usc.edu. The site can give you the phone numbers of the different departments and admissions personnel.
Office of Undergraduate Admissions
BRI 105 (213) 740-8885
busadm@marshall.usc.edu
Office of the Associate Dean
Kim D. West, Ph.D.
Associate Dean of Undergraduate Programs
kwest@marshall.usc.edu
Cynthea Jackson,
cyntheaj@marshall.usc.edu
Photo Credits: J Rosenfeld
UM School of Education to Hold an Open House
The University of Michigan’s School of Education is holding an open house for potential undergraduate and graduate students. During the event, faculty, admissions officers and even current education students will be there to answer questions and to welcome the guests.
Features of the open house
The open house aims to relay information about the School of Education to potential students. Admissions officers and even the current faculty and students will be talking about teacher education, certification, joint degree, higher degree programs, and the school’s partnership with Teach for America. Through the open house, the School of Education hopes to encourage more students to take up a career in education.
Details of the open house
The UM School of Education Open House will be held on October 21, 2010 from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm. The event will be held at the School of Education building. This two-hour event will be packed with activities, with the first 15 minutes especially allocated to the Meet and Greet. There will be talks and even a writing workshop for the prospective education students. The organizers will be serving refreshments and hors d’oeuvres.
For those who are interested in the open house, it is best to register at http://sitemaker.umich.edu/education.osadata/open_house_2010_registration first.
Photo Credits: dbking
Posted in GRADUATE ADMISSIONS NEWS | Leave a comment
The MCAT is crucial to landing that important medical school interview. A good one can eclipse the fact that the applicant does not have as much medical background as other applicants with lower MCAT scores. On the other hand, a bad one can weigh down an otherwise good set of credentials. The MCAT is not really the most accurate indicator of how a person will do in medical school but applicants still need to do well in this standardized test. Standardized tests, no matter what the field, become one of the best bases of admissions committee on how good an applicant is because these tests help gauge a student’s ability to analyze things.
Doing well on the MCAT
So, students who are planning to take the MCAT should not feel bad about shelling out $1,000 to $2,000 for a test prep course. The amount can turn out to be a great investment. Working under a prep course may help applicants to cover the large amount of material needed to be learned for the MCAT. Practice tests will also help applicants get a feel of the real MCAT.
Actual techniques
Those who are preparing for the MCAT should have a study plan or a schedule of topics to cover over a period of time. They must go through practice tests to develop proper test taking skills.
All About University of Texas Austin McCombs
McCombs is a business school located at the University of Texas at Austin. The school of business administration was established in 1922, decades after the University of Texas at Austin was founded. The school was named after the businessman Red McCombs after he donated $50 million to UT Austin in May 11, 2000.
McCombs School of Business is ranked on top of the list of excellent schools for business in the US. Its programs are ranked high on many business school reviews. The school’s program include undergrad, graduate, and doctoral programs. Each program offers various courses.
McCombs has produced many notable alumni, not just in the field of business but also in other areas. Among the famous graduates of the school is Gary C. Kelly, the CEO of Southwest Airlines, Thomas O. Hicks, the owner of the Texas Ranger, and Donald Evans, the former US Secretary of Commerce. ConocoPhillips CEO James Mulva ’68 & ’69 is also an alumnus of this business school. The co-founder of Clear Channel Communications and co-owner of San Antonio Spurs, and the name sake of the school, Red McCombs is also an alumnus.
The programs at McCombs are among the top business programs in the country. The undergrad program for accounting and the graduate program for accounting are both on the top ranks according to the US News. Its Marketing and Management programs are also on the list of the best business programs in the whole of the United States. The University of Texas at Austin, in general is one of the high ranking academic institutions in the country.
Because McCombs is one of the most competitive business schools in the US, applicants should have an excellent school record in order to be considered for admissions. Aside from that, applicants should also ace the entrance exam and interview with flying colors. Because the business doesn’t accept summer or spring applications, applicants should only apply during fall.
For applicants who are postgraduates, the school prefers those who have a minimum of 2 years work experience (full time).
Admissions to this business school is highly competitive. As a matter of fact, only 1,375 applicants were admitted out of a total of 6,391 applicants in 2009.
To learn more about the school, you can visit the official website at www.mccombs.utexas.edu. For the b-school admissions, you can contact the representative by calling (512) 471-5921. For sending mails, the mailing address is 1 University Station, B6000, Austin, TX.
Photo Credits: Daniel
University of Illinois Career Fair Held to Promote Graduate Schools and Programs
The University of Illinois had helped made the annual Graduate and Professional School Fair possible. The Career Fair was sponsored by the University of Illinois Career Center, which took place in Illini rooms A, B, and C. The career fair, held last October 6, 2010, featured not only graduate and professional programs from the University of Illinois but also those from other universities and colleges all over the country. Members of the Career Fair Outreach Team said that the fair was really designed to promote various schools that offer higher education. The fair is also offering upperclassmen a glimpse of the programs in the graduate and professional levels. Even sophomores managed to mingle during the fair to have an advanced look of what could be ahead academically.
The format of the event
Using the three Illini rooms, booths were set up to provide information about a wide variety of disciplines, from architecture, medicine, and psychology to education and journalism. There are many other graduate programs on exhibit to provide visiting students with a wide range of choices. They do not have to feel limited when it comes to their higher education choices. There were 125 booths all in all.
Relationship with visiting schools
There are some repeat visiting schools, such as the Northwestern University Medill School of Journalism. The school is also offering a new program, the Integrated Marketing Communications, which is a more business-oriented version of journalism,. The school’s representative, William Kartsimas, said that though the school is not able to visit all career fairs all over the nation, it takes time to visit the University of Illinois’ career fair.
Clearing admissions process doubts
Some students say that the career fair helped them know more details about the admissions process in the graduate level. This gave them insights about graduate school admissions. They could even start early with the preparations, such as gathering requirements.
Photo Credits: Raymond Cunningham
Writing Personal Statements for Law School
Law school applicants must recognize the fact that the component of their law school applications that they can best control is the personal statement. This is because undergraduate transcripts can no longer be tweaked, letters of recommendation can only be requested from people who know them during their academic and professional journey, and work and leadership experiences may only be changed if they want to delay their law school application. That said, this leaves the law school personal statement to be the only thing under the applicant’s full control. The applicant should then focus much of his or her energy on writing an effective personal statement.
Writing with a purpose and for the readers
The law school applicant can use his or her motivations for pursuing such a degree to write his personal statement. Aside from the purpose, the applicant must focus on the readers as well. He or she must be able to gauge the impact of the personal statement on the admissions committee.
Anticipating the essay’s effect on interview questions
It is important to be honest and sincere when writing the law school personal statement. The applicant must also be able to anticipate the questions that the essay may generate. He or she must remember that the law school admission process usually culminates with an interview, and the interviewer will be referring to the essay when asking questions.
Promoting one’s self
A personal statement should be able to represent the law school applicant who is not there when the admissions committee members are reading the essay. The essay should then accurately represent who the applicant really is. The admissions committee must be convinced that the applicant is a perfect fit to the law school.
Excellent writing skills
Of course, everything would be for nothing if the applicant cannot express him or herself articulately. The personal statement must use correct English grammar, have a strong introduction, present a powerful conclusion, and create an overall persuasive argument. The law school applicant must already show that he or she has the powers of persuasion.
Photo Credits: tnarik
Posted in LAW SCHOOL ADMISSIONS NEWS | Leave a comment
Los Angeles Valley College’s Lion’s Den Housing Applications
Los Angeles Valley College is relying on pure technology when it comes to its applications. The Lion’s Den, which is found on the Cafeteria Building, is now housing several computers that can be used by applicants to apply for admissions and for current students, to add and drop classes. The computers are available for the convenience of the applicants and the college students.
Schedule of the Lion’s Den
Admission applicants, however, have to know the schedule of operations of the Lion’s Den, if that is where they want to apply. They should note that the Lion’s Den is open from 9 am to 4 pm during Mondays to Thursdays and from 9 am to 2 pm only on Fridays.
Using the Lion’s Den computers
For applicants who do not have access to www.lavc.edu outside of campus, it is best to come early to use a computer in the Lion’s Den. Since no paper applications are accepted, so applicants must find a way to apply for admissions online. In which case, the Lion’s Den computers have been set up for the convenience of applicants with no computers of their own or Internet access. Even adding and dropping of subjects are done purely online. Students who are adding subjects, however, have to present an add permit granted by the instructor. ADA accommodations are also available to applicants and students with disabilities.
The use of computers to apply for admission at an academic institution can speed things up provided that the system has been checked for and relieved from bugs. The Los Angeles Valley College has prepared computers for the application process. This facility will specially cater tot hose who may not have an Internet access outside of campus. The school has prepared facilities that applicants and students with disabilities may be able to use to make the process more accessible.
Photo Credits: Collin Knopp-Schwyn
Posted in COLLEGE ADMISSIONS NEWS | Leave a comment
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Robbie Robertson Teams Up with Glen Hansard for New Song "Dead End Kid"
The track appears on the Band legend's album 'Sinematic'
Robbie Robertson is about to release his new album Sinematic, but before it arrives, the Canadian Band hero has unloaded the new track "Dead End Kid," which features Glen Hansard.
Robertson wrote the song while working on the second volume of autobiography. In a statement, he explained the following of the song:
When I was growing up in Toronto, I was telling people, "One of these days I'm going to make some music and go all over the world." Everyone was like, that's never going to happen. You're a dead end kid. Because my relatives were First Nation people and Jewish gangsters, it was assumed my dreams were going to explode. I found strength in overcoming that disbelief.
Hear the resulting "Dead End Kid" below.
Sinematic arrives on September 20 via UMe/Universal Music Canada. The album marks the first full-length album from Robertson since 2011's How to Become Clairvoyant.
The film Once Were Brothers: Robbie Robertson and the Band also just premiered at TIFF. You can learn more much about the story behind the film in Exclaim!'s newly published Timeline.
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'Once Were Brothers' Is a Loving Tribute to Robbie Robertson and the Band Directed by Daniel Roher
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By now, we're so deep into our socially isolated lives due to COVID-19 that we're starting to forget what going to concerts feel like. And w...
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Along with 2012's Rhythm and Repose and 2015's Didn't He Ramble, singer-songwriter Glen Hansard completes something of a low-key folk trilog...
Glen Hansard A Season on the Line
Glen Hansard's last record, 2015's Didn't He Ramble, was so good there wasn't enough space on it for the title track. On his new four-so...
Glen Hansard to Release 'A Season on the Line' EP
While Irish singer-songwriter Glen Hansard issued his Didn't He Ramble LP last fall, it did not feature the song of the same name. To hear t...
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Glen Hansard accomplished a rare feat back in 2007, winning a "Best Original Song" Oscar, with Czech singer Markéta Irglová, for an indie-fo...
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Westaco
Redmine plugin page
Projects » Announcements:
Redmine plugin implementing flexible version list
If you use Redmine versions intensively, eventually you will want to have a flexible global versions overview, where you’ll be able to: list upcoming versions of all your projects, evaluate their status and progress, check their due dates in order to plan the release schedule, and so on. Unfortunately, the pure Redmine comes only with a simple per-project version list, which cannot even be sorted or filtered, or customized in any other way. Obviously, this functionality is too limited for many advanced use cases.
I was contacted by Cristian Tarara from Westaco regarding this problem. In Westaco, they use project versions to organize their work plan, so this issue is quite critical for them. Cristian asked me to add global and per-project version lists, that can be filtered by fields just like this can be done for issues and time entries. He also suggested to add dynamically calculated virtual fields, such as Estimated duration. Cristian wanted this solution to be developed as an open source plugin, that everyone will be able to use. So, if you find this plugin useful, you know who to thank!
The Westaco Versions plugin (named after the company, that sponsored its development) adds a new version list, that supports the Query similar to Redmine’s native issue and spent time lists (by the Query I mean the functionality, that allows to filter entries, choose which fields to show, group results and calculate totals — that’s how this functionality is named internally). Like issue and spent time lists, the new version list is available at the global level, i.e., for all projects (Projects → Versions), and at the project level (the new project’s Versions menu item). Unlike the legacy list, i.e., Roadmap, versions in the new list are listed in a table, in which most columns are sortable.
As you can see on the picture, in the new list you can filter versions by: Status, Project, Name, Description, Sharing, Due date, Start date, End date, Closed (date), Created (date), Updated (date) and Project’s Default version (a flag, which indicates, that the version is the default version for its project). In the new version list at the project level you can also filter by Subproject.
In the Options section of the query form (which is contracted by default), you can configure, which columns to include into the list, whether to group versions by some fields and which total values to compute. Thus, in Columns you can select: Project, Name, Description, Status, Start date, End date, Due date, Closed (date), Sharing, Wiki page, Default (a flag indicating, if the version is default for its project), Created (date), Updated (date), % Done (a progress bar), (number of) Issues, (number of) Open issues, (number of) Closed issues, Estimated time (of version’s issues, in hours), Spent time (for version’s issues, in hours), Estimated duration, Actual duration, Remaining duration and Extra duration. The results, i.e., versions in the table, can be grouped by: Project, Sharing and Status. For the whole results set the plugin can compute the totals: (number of) Issues, (number of) Open issues, (number of) Closed issues, Estimated time (in hours) and Spent time (in hours). If results are grouped, total values are computed for each group as well.
Also, as you might have noticed, the plugin adds new fields to the Redmine version object. These fields are:
Start date (manual) is to be set to the date, when the work on the version was started (or is planed to be started).
End date (manual) can be set to the date, when the main work on the version was finished (or is planed to be finished). But, it can also be the date, when the whole work on the version was finished. This date differs from the Due date in that the latter usually indicates the date, when the version is planned to be released.
Closed (date) is set automatically, when the version is closed. Unlike the Due date this date indicates the actual release date, so they can differ, if the release was late (or early).
These three fields resemble corresponding fields of issues. The rest of the fields are dynamic, what means, that their values are calculated on the fly (and never stored anywhere):
Estimated duration is the number of days between the start date or the creation date, if the start date is missing, and the due date. In this way, the field shows, how many days it took (or will take) from the very beginning to the release of the version.
Actual duration is the number of days between the start date and the end date. In other words, this field shows, how many days were taken (or are planned to be taken) for the (main?) work on the version.
Remaining duration is the number of days until the end date or the due date, if the former is not specified. By the way, something like this is already shown by the pure Redmine — it shows the number of days until the due date on the version page (using the label “Due in X days”), if the due date is in future.
Extra duration is the number of days between the end date and the due date. This number can be negative, what would mean, that the version was finished earlier, than expected. If the number is positive, this means, that the version is late.
It should be emphasized, that the newly added fields do not have strict meanings — you can use them in the way, that you want. Thus, the end date can be used as the actual end date (and the due date — as the planned end date) or as the date, when, e.g., the development phase is finished (and the due date — as the date, when testing is finished).
Also, remember, that you can still use custom fields for versions, and they will be automatically supported by the version list query form.
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Home» 2018 » July 2018 » Florida United Methodists help Puerto Rican refugees
Florida United Methodists help Puerto Rican refugees
Photo by Linda Logston.
The Rev. Jose Nieves (standing, foreground) meets at Boggy Creek Elementary with families who were displaced from Puerto Rico by Hurricane Maria and have relocated to Kissimmee, Fla.
By The Rev. Gustavo Vasquez
May 17, 2018 | KISSIMMEE, Florida (UMNS)
Ask members of First United Methodist Church, “Who is my neighbor?” and by their actions, they answer, “Whomever God sends to us.”After hurricanes Irma and Maria devastated Puerto Rico and plunged its 3.4 million people into a desperate humanitarian crisis late last summer, the 360-member Florida congregation in Kissimmee sprang into action, reaching out to refugees who fled to the U.S. mainland. Many of these U.S. citizens relocated to central Florida.
Through the church’s bilingual ministry “Casa de Paz” and the Community Hope Center, United Methodists here have received and assisted more than 600 Puerto Rican families who arrived in the Orlando metropolitan area seeking stability and a chance to rebuild their lives.
First United Methodist Church’s Hispanic pastor, the Rev. Jose Nieves, grew up in Puerto Rico. He and a team of volunteers and the Community Hope Center provide basic supplies such as water, hot meals, meal vouchers, backpacks, school supplies, clothing, haircuts and grocery gift cards as well as provisional housing (rents, deposits and utilities).
Even before the most recent hurricanes, many Puerto Rican families had left the island because of the economic crisis and were living in Florida hotels. “Now,” Nieves said, “they are living together with those who escaped the devastation. They have been creating a huge area in Orlando and Kissimmee with growing needs for care and support.”
Volunteers from First United Methodist Church of Kissimmee, Fla., pack basic household and school supplies for families who were displaced by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. Photo courtesy of the Rev. Jose Nieves.
With the Community Hope Center, First United Methodist Church walks refugees through social services. “There are not just poor people affected,” Nieves noted. “We have a large number of educated people with bachelor’s and master’s degrees, nurses, teachers, mechanics. Most of them do not know how to access social services because they never used them before.”
The Rev. Mary Downey is a deacon in the Florida Conference and the Hope Center’s executive director. “We are not only responding to their physical needs,” Downey said. “We are also addressing the trauma and the spiritual needs that come along with going through that kind of devastation.”
Nieves said he has to keep reminding hurricane survivors that “this is not your fault. You have done nothing wrong. You are not being punished.”
A nonprofit organization, the Hope Center has a proven history of meeting human need. For years, the center has assisted families who face poverty and homelessness and live in motels and hotels in Orlando and Kissimmee.
Today, the agency has broadened its scope to serve not only impoverished people but also those facing “a situation out of their hands,” Downey said.
Developing affordable housing is high on the list of center priorities. Meanwhile, the center collaborates with the United Methodist Committee on Relief to provide emergency assistance with food and shelter.
The center also cooperates with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which provides social services, and with bipartisan Florida congressional representatives for long-term housing alternatives. “Whoever wants to help with the situation,” Nieves said, “we coordinate together.”
He said about 400 families who survived the hurricanes continue living in hotels in Osceola and Orange counties, despite impending FEMA deadlines for their departure. The church helps other families with rent, water and electricity deposits to help then transition into stable housing.
In addition, approximately 1,500 families are still staying with relatives, often in crowded conditions.
The Rev. Jose Nieves (left) visits with the governor of Puerto Rico, Ricardo Roselló, in Kissimmee, Fla. Roselló was in Florida to check on Puerto Rican families who were living there after being displaced by Hurricane Maria. Photo courtesy of the Rev. Jose Nieves.
Florida political leaders, social organizations, First United Methodist Church and Puerto Rican government authorities have requested FEMA extensions to their service coverage and housing-support deadlines. On April 24, Nieves meet with Puerto Rico Gov. Ricardo Rosselló. Nieves said Rosselló expressed “his commitment to work with FEMA for an extension until June 30 in order to allow students to finish their school year.”
‘Proud to be United Methodist’
Another important service is identity recovery. During and after the disaster, many people lost their identification, and Hope Center helps them to recover their documents. Through an interdenominationally supported organization called “IDignity of Osceola,” hurricane survivors recover birth certificates, Social Security cards and other documents that allow them to receive community and social services.
According to Nieves, the ministry with Puerto Rican families is all about faith and Wesleyan ethics.
Many refugees, he said, “come from a culture that the church is always asking for money. Prosperity gospel is very prominent in Puerto Rico. So, to have a church that says we will give you our Christmas Eve offering – we will give our largest offering day to help you – has been awesome.
“I am super proud to be Methodist,” Nieves added. “This connection that brings together [First United Methodist Church and hurricane survivors] cannot be easily dismissed.”
Downey said the church has been intentional about being “in the right place, at the right time, talking with the right people, to bring as much awareness to the situation as possible. We are doing this because of our deep faith and because we are United Methodist.”
She noted that “Congressional leaders have expressed their support and desire to work with the church, for the commitment and seriousness that have been demonstrated. They have seen that we have brought results to the table,” Downey said. “We have not just been saying, ‘Let’s have a prayer.’ Prayers are important; people are asking us to pray for them.”
Along with prayer, Nieves said, when multiple churches commit their offerings, along with resources and people, “this is a real commitment. This is changing the face of central Florida. The families … will never forget how The United Methodist Church helped.”
‘God going before us’
“God is putting people in front of us that have been helpful to serve the Puerto Rican community,” Downey said, mentioning several situations in which they found providential solutions and alternatives.
One example was a gift of $200,000 that the center received from an organization in Seattle. “We used it to hire case managers and to open spaces (in partnership with UMCOR) to receive and relocate families,” she said. “It came from the initiative of a former congresswomen when I told her what we were doing. Then she made a phone call to a foundation, and they said, ‘We want to invest in your organization and help you address these needs.’ There is no way that I can look at this situation and not see the Holy Spirit and God going before us.”
“God was before us, with us and in front of us,” agreed Nieves.
The City University of New York’s Center for Puerto Rican Studies estimated that Puerto Rico would lose 470,000 residents by 2019 as consequence of the hurricanes. Individuals and groups are urgently needed to address survivors’ continuing needs, the pastor said.
“We have several deadlines in the future when thousands of families will be without the help of FEMA to stay in a hotel,” Nieves said. “We are trying desperately to see how many families we can help. This is humanitarian crisis that is changing the whole area in a way that I can’t even fully understand.”
They are seeking housing, job opportunities, English-as-a-Second-Language specialists, financial support ($3,000 to $5,000 to sponsor a family) and mission volunteer teams who can work in central Florida and Puerto Rico.
Vasquez is the director of Hispanic/Latino Communications at United Methodist Communications. Contact her at 615-742-5470 or newsdesk@umcom.org.
This story originally appeared at http://www.umc.org/news-and-media/florida-united-methodists-help-puerto-rican-refugees. It has been used with permission.
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Rabbi Raanan and other Jewish participants in ‘Praying Together’ (Photo…
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For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation).
Philosophy (from Greek: φιλοσοφία, philosophia, 'love of wisdom')[1][2][3] is the deliberative investigation of humanity's most general and fundamental questions, such as those about reason, existence, knowledge, values, mind, and language.[4][5] Such questions are often posed as problems[6][7] to be studied or resolved. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BCE). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation.[8][9][i]
The School of Athens (1509–1511) by Raphael, depicting famous classical Greek philosophers in an idealized setting inspired by ancient Greek architecture
Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher.[10] From the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, "natural philosophy" encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics.[11] For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics.
In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize.[12][13] Since then, various areas of investigation that were traditionally part of philosophy have become separate academic disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, linguistics, and economics.
Today, major subfields of academic philosophy include metaphysics, which is concerned with the fundamental nature of existence and reality; epistemology, which studies the nature of knowledge and belief; ethics, which is concerned with moral value; and logic, which studies the rules of inference that allow one to deduce conclusions from true premises.[14][15] Other notable subfields include philosophy of science, political philosophy, aesthetics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind.
1 Origins and evolution
1.1 Philosophical progress
2 Historical overview
2.1 Western philosophy
2.1.1 Ancient era
2.1.2 Medieval era
2.1.3 Modern era
2.2 Middle Eastern philosophy
2.2.1 Pre-Islamic philosophy
2.2.2 Islamic philosophy
2.3 Eastern philosophy
2.3.1 Indian philosophy
2.3.2 Buddhist philosophy
2.3.3 East Asian philosophy
2.4 African philosophy
2.5 Indigenous American philosophy
2.6 Women in philosophy
3 Branches of philosophy
3.1 Aesthetics
3.3 Epistemology
3.4 Metaphysics
3.5 Logic
3.6 Other subfields
3.6.1 Mind and language
3.6.2 Philosophy of science
3.6.3 Political philosophy
3.6.4 Philosophy of religion
3.6.5 Metaphilosophy
4 Applied and professional philosophy
7.1 General introduction
7.2 Topical introductions
7.2.1 African
7.2.2 Eastern
7.2.3 Islamic
7.3 Historical introductions
7.3.2 Ancient
7.3.3 Medieval
7.3.4 Modern & contemporary
7.4 Reference works
Origins and evolution
Initially the term referred to any body of knowledge.[10] In this sense, philosophy is closely related to religion, mathematics, natural science, education, and politics. Though it has since been classified as a book of physics, Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) uses the term natural philosophy as it was understood at the time, encompassing disciplines such as astronomy, medicine and physics that later became associated with the sciences.[11]
In section thirteen of his Lives and Opinions of the Eminent Philosophers, the oldest surviving history of philosophy (3rd century), Diogenes Laërtius presents a three-part division of ancient Greek philosophical inquiry:[16]
Natural philosophy (i.e. physics, from Greek: ta physika, lit. 'things having to do with physis [nature]') was the study of the constitution and processes of transformation in the physical world
Moral philosophy (i.e. ethics, from êthika, 'having to do with character, disposition, manners') was the study of goodness, right and wrong, justice and virtue
Metaphysical philosophy (i.e. logic, from logikós, 'of or pertaining to reason or speech') was the study of existence, causation, God, logic, forms, and other abstract objects (meta ta physika, 'after the Physics')
In Against the Logicians the Pyrrhonist philosopher Sextus Empiricus detailed the variety of ways in which the ancient Greek philosophers had divided philosophy, noting that this three-part division was agreed to by Plato, Aristotle, Xenocrates, and the Stoics.[17] The Academic Skeptic philosopher Cicero also followed this three-part division.[18]
This division is not obsolete, but has changed: natural philosophy has split into the various natural sciences, especially physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, and cosmology; moral philosophy has birthed the social sciences, while still including value theory (e.g. ethics, aesthetics, political philosophy, etc.); and metaphysical philosophy has given way to formal sciences such as logic, mathematics and philosophy of science, while still including epistemology, cosmology, etc.
Philosophical progress
Many philosophical debates that began in ancient times are still debated today. McGinn claims that no philosophical progress has occurred during that interval.[19] Chalmers, by contrast, sees progress in philosophy similar to that in science,[20] while Brewer argues that "progress" is the wrong standard by which to judge philosophical activity.[21]
In one general sense, philosophy is associated with wisdom, intellectual culture, and a search for knowledge. In this sense, all cultures and literate societies ask philosophical questions, such as "how are we to live" and "what is the nature of reality." A broad and impartial conception of philosophy, then, finds a reasoned inquiry into such matters as reality, morality, and life in all world civilizations.[22]
Main article: Western philosophy
Statue of Aristotle (384–322 BCE), a major figure of ancient Greek philosophy, in the Aristotlepark, Stagira
Western philosophy is the philosophical tradition of the Western world, dating back to pre-Socratic thinkers who were active in 6th-century Greece (BCE), such as Thales (c. 624 – c. 545 BCE) and Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BCE) who practiced a 'love of wisdom' (Latin: philosophia)[23] and were also termed 'students of nature' (physiologoi).
Western philosophy can be divided into three eras:
Ancient (Greco-Roman)
Medieval philosophy (referring to Christian European thought)
Modern philosophy (beginning in the 17th century)
While our knowledge of the ancient era begins with Thales in the 6th century BCE, little is known about the philosophers who came before Socrates (commonly known as the pre-Socratics). The ancient era was dominated by Greek philosophical schools. Most notable among the schools influenced by Socrates' teachings were Plato, who founded the Platonic Academy, and his student Aristotle,[24] who founded the Peripatetic school. Other ancient philosophical traditions influenced by Socrates included Cynicism, Cyrenaicism, Stoicism, and Academic Skepticism. Two other traditions were influenced by Socrates' contemporary, Democritus: Pyrrhonism and Epicureanism. Important topics covered by the Greeks included metaphysics (with competing theories such as atomism and monism), cosmology, the nature of the well-lived life (eudaimonia), the possibility of knowledge, and the nature of reason (logos). With the rise of the Roman empire, Greek philosophy was increasingly discussed in Latin by Romans such as Cicero and Seneca (see Roman philosophy).
Medieval philosophy (5th–16th centuries) is the period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire and was dominated by the rise of Christianity and hence reflects Judeo-Christian theological concerns as well as retaining a continuity with Greco-Roman thought. Problems such as the existence and nature of God, the nature of faith and reason, metaphysics, the problem of evil were discussed in this period. Some key Medieval thinkers include St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Boethius, Anselm and Roger Bacon. Philosophy for these thinkers was viewed as an aid to Theology (ancilla theologiae) and hence they sought to align their philosophy with their interpretation of sacred scripture. This period saw the development of Scholasticism, a text critical method developed in medieval universities based on close reading and disputation on key texts. The Renaissance period saw increasing focus on classic Greco-Roman thought and on a robust Humanism.
A painting of the influential modern philosopher Immanuel Kant (in the blue coat) with his friends. Other figures include Christian Jakob Kraus, Johann Georg Hamann, Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel and Karl Gottfried Hagen
Early modern philosophy in the Western world begins with thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes and René Descartes (1596–1650).[25] Following the rise of natural science, modern philosophy was concerned with developing a secular and rational foundation for knowledge and moved away from traditional structures of authority such as religion, scholastic thought and the Church. Major modern philosophers include Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant.
19th-century philosophy (sometimes called late modern philosophy) was influenced by the wider 18th-century movement termed "the Enlightenment", and includes figures such as Hegel a key figure in German idealism, Kierkegaard who developed the foundations for existentialism, Nietzsche a famed anti-Christian, John Stuart Mill who promoted utilitarianism, Karl Marx who developed the foundations for communism and the American William James. The 20th century saw the split between analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, as well as philosophical trends such as phenomenology, existentialism, logical positivism, pragmatism and the linguistic turn (see Contemporary philosophy).
Middle Eastern philosophy
Pre-Islamic philosophy
See also: Middle Eastern philosophy
The regions of the Fertile Crescent, Iran and Arabia are home to the earliest known philosophical wisdom literature and is today mostly dominated by Islamic culture.
Early Wisdom Literature from the Fertile Crescent was a genre which sought to instruct people on ethical action, practical living and virtue through stories and proverbs. In Ancient Egypt, these texts were known as sebayt ('teachings') and they are central to our understandings of Ancient Egyptian philosophy. Babylonian astronomy also included much philosophical speculations about cosmology which may have influenced the Ancient Greeks.
Jewish philosophy and Christian philosophy are religio-philosophical traditions that developed both in the Middle East and in Europe, which both share certain early Judaic texts (mainly the Tanakh) and monotheistic beliefs. Jewish thinkers such as the Geonim of the Talmudic Academies in Babylonia and Maimonides engaged with Greek and Islamic philosophy. Later Jewish philosophy came under strong Western intellectual influences and includes the works of Moses Mendelssohn who ushered in the Haskalah (the Jewish Enlightenment), Jewish existentialism, and Reform Judaism.
The various traditions of Gnosticism, which were influenced by both Greek and Abrahamic currents, originated around the first century and emphasized spiritual knowledge (gnosis).
Pre-Islamic Iranian philosophy begins with the work of Zoroaster, one of the first promoters of monotheism and of the dualism between good and evil. This dualistic cosmogony influenced later Iranian developments such as Manichaeism, Mazdakism, and Zurvanism.
See also: Islamic philosophy
An Iranian portrait of Avicenna on a Silver Vase. He was one of the most influential philosophers of the Islamic Golden Age.
Islamic philosophy is the philosophical work originating in the Islamic tradition and is mostly done in Arabic. It draws from the religion of Islam as well as from Greco-Roman philosophy. After the Muslim conquests, the translation movement (mid-eighth to the late tenth century) resulted in the works of Greek philosophy becoming available in Arabic.[26]
Early Islamic philosophy developed the Greek philosophical traditions in new innovative directions. This intellectual work inaugurated what is known as the Islamic Golden Age. The two main currents of early Islamic thought are Kalam, which focuses on Islamic theology, and Falsafa, which was based on Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism. The work of Aristotle was very influential among philosophers such as Al-Kindi (9th century), Avicenna (980 – June 1037) and Averroes (12th century). Others such as Al-Ghazali were highly critical of the methods of the Islamic Aristotelians and saw their metaphysical ideas as heretical. Islamic thinkers like Ibn al-Haytham and Al-Biruni also developed a scientific method, experimental medicine, a theory of optics and a legal philosophy. Ibn Khaldun was an influential thinker in philosophy of history.
Islamic thought also deeply influenced European intellectual developments, especially through the commentaries of Averroes on Aristotle. The Mongol invasions and the destruction of Baghdad in 1258 is often seen as marking the end of the Golden Age.[27] Several schools of Islamic philosophy continued to flourish after the Golden Age however, and include currents such as Illuminationist philosophy, Sufi philosophy, and Transcendent theosophy.
The 19th- and 20th-century Arab world saw the Nahda movement (literally meaning 'The Awakening'; also known as the 'Arab Renaissance'), which had a considerable influence on contemporary Islamic philosophy.
Main article: Eastern philosophy
Main article: Indian philosophy
Adi Shankara is one of the most frequently studied Hindu philosophers.[28][29]
Indian philosophy (Sanskrit: darśana, lit. 'point of view', 'perspective')[30] refers to the diverse philosophical traditions that emerged since the ancient times on the Indian subcontinent. Indian philosophical traditions share various key concepts and ideas, which are defined in different ways and accepted or rejected by the different traditions. These include concepts such as dhárma, karma, pramāṇa, duḥkha, saṃsāra and mokṣa.[31][32]
Some of the earliest surviving Indian philosophical texts are the Upanishads of the later Vedic period (1000–500 BCE), which are considered to preserve the ideas of Brahmanism. Indian philosophy is commonly grouped based on their relationship to the Vedas and the ideas contained in them. Jainism and Buddhism originated at the end of the Vedic period, while the various traditions grouped under Hinduism mostly emerged after the Vedic period as independent traditions. Hindus generally classify Indian philosophical traditions as either orthodox (āstika) or heterodox (nāstika) depending on whether they accept the authority of the Vedas and the theories of brahman and ātman found therein.[33][34]
The schools which align themselves with the thought of the Upanishads, the so-called "orthodox" or "Hindu" traditions, are often classified into six darśanas or philosophies:Sānkhya, Yoga, Nyāya, Vaisheshika, Mimāmsā and Vedānta.[35]
The doctrines of the Vedas and Upanishads were interpreted differently by these six schools of Hindu philosophy, with varying degrees of overlap. They represent a "collection of philosophical views that share a textual connection," according to Chadha (2015).[36] They also reflect a tolerance for a diversity of philosophical interpretations within Hinduism while sharing the same foundation.[ii]
Hindu philosophers of the six orthodox schools developed systems of epistemology (pramana) and investigated topics such as metaphysics, ethics, psychology (guṇa), hermeneutics, and soteriology within the framework of the Vedic knowledge, while presenting a diverse collection of interpretations.[37][38][39][40] The commonly named six orthodox schools were the competing philosophical traditions of what has been called the "Hindu synthesis" of classical Hinduism.[41][42][43]
There are also other schools of thought which are often seen as "Hindu", though not necessarily orthodox (since they may accept different scriptures as normative, such as the Shaiva Agamas and Tantras), these include different schools of Shavism such as Pashupata, Shaiva Siddhanta, non-dual tantric Shavism (i.e. Trika, Kaula, etc.).[44]
The parable of the blind men and the elephant illustrates the important Jain doctrine of anēkāntavāda
The "Hindu" and "Orthodox" traditions are often contrasted with the "unorthodox" traditions (nāstika, literally "those who reject"), though this is a label that is not used by the "unorthodox" schools themselves. These traditions reject the Vedas as authoritative and often reject major concepts and ideas that are widely accepted by the orthodox schools (such as Ātman, Brahman, and Īśvara).[45] These unorthodox schools include Jainism (accepts ātman but rejects Īśvara, Vedas and Brahman), Buddhism (rejects all orthodox concepts except rebirth and karma), Cārvāka (materialists who reject even rebirth and karma) and Ājīvika (known for their doctrine of fate).[45][46][47][48][49][iii][50][51]
Jain philosophy is one of the only two surviving "unorthodox" traditions (along with Buddhism). It generally accepts the concept of a permanent soul (jiva) as one of the five astikayas (eternal, infinite categories that make up the substance of existence). The other four being dhárma, adharma, ākāśa ('space'), and pudgala ('matter'). Jain thought holds that all existence is cyclic, eternal and uncreated.[52][53]
Some of the most important elements of Jain philosophy are the Jain theory of karma, the doctrine of nonviolence (ahiṃsā) and the theory of "many-sidedness" or Anēkāntavāda. The Tattvartha Sutra is the earliest known, most comprehensive and authoritative compilation of Jain philosophy.[54][55]
Main article: Buddhist philosophy
Monks debating at Sera monastery, Tibet, 2013. According to Jan Westerhoff, "public debates constituted the most important and most visible forms of philosophical exchange" in ancient Indian intellectual life.[56]
Buddhist philosophy begins with the thought of Gautama Buddha (fl. between 6th and 4th century BCE) and is preserved in the early Buddhist texts. It originated in the Indian region of Magadha and later spread to the rest of the Indian subcontinent, East Asia, Tibet, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. In these regions, Buddhist thought developed into different philosophical traditions which used various languages (like Tibetan, Chinese and Pali). As such, Buddhist philosophy is a trans-cultural and international phenomenon.
The dominant Buddhist philosophical traditions in East Asian nations are mainly based on Indian Mahayana Buddhism. The philosophy of the Theravada school is dominant in Southeast Asian countries like Sri Lanka, Burma and Thailand.
Because ignorance to the true nature of things is considered one of the roots of suffering (dukkha), Buddhist philosophy is concerned with epistemology, metaphysics, ethics and psychology. Buddhist philosophical texts must also be understood within the context of meditative practices which are supposed to bring about certain cognitive shifts.[57]:8 Key innovative concepts include the four noble truths as an analysis of dukkha, anicca (impermanence), and anatta (non-self).[iv][58]
After the death of the Buddha, various groups began to systematize his main teachings, eventually developing comprehensive philosophical systems termed Abhidharma.[57]:37 Following the Abhidharma schools, Indian Mahayana philosophers such as Nagarjuna and Vasubandhu developed the theories of śūnyatā ('emptiness of all phenomena') and vijñapti-matra ('appearance only'), a form of phenomenology or transcendental idealism. The Dignāga school of pramāṇa ('means of knowledge') promoted a sophisticated form of Buddhist epistemology.
There were numerous schools, sub-schools, and traditions of Buddhist philosophy in ancient and medieval India. According to Oxford professor of Buddhist philosophy Jan Westerhoff, the major Indian schools from 300 BCE to 1000 CE were:[57]:xxiv the Mahāsāṃghika tradition (now extinct), the Sthavira schools (such as Sarvāstivāda, Vibhajyavāda and Pudgalavāda) and the Mahayana schools. Many of these traditions were also studied in other regions, like Central Asia and China, having been brought there by Buddhist missionaries.
After the disappearance of Buddhism from India, some of these philosophical traditions continued to develop in the Tibetan Buddhist, East Asian Buddhist and Theravada Buddhist traditions.[59][60]
East Asian philosophy
Main articles: Chinese philosophy, Korean philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Vietnamese philosophy, and Eastern philosophy
Statue of the Neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi at the White Deer Grotto Academy in Lushan Mountain
Kitaro Nishida, considered the founder of the Kyoto School of philosophical thought, c. 1943
East Asian philosophical thought began in Ancient China, and Chinese philosophy begins during the Western Zhou Dynasty and the following periods after its fall when the "Hundred Schools of Thought" flourished (6th century to 221 BCE).[61][62] This period was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments and saw the rise of the major philosophical schools of China such as Confucianism (also known as Ruism), Legalism, and Taoism as well as numerous other less influential schools like Mohism and Naturalism. These philosophical traditions developed metaphysical, political and ethical theories such Tao, Yin and yang, Ren and Li. These schools of thought further developed during the Han (206 BCE – 220 CE) and Tang (618–907 CE) eras, forming new philosophical movements like Xuanxue (also called Neo-Taoism), and Neo-Confucianism. Neo-Confucianism was a syncretic philosophy, which incorporated the ideas of different Chinese philosophical traditions, including Buddhism and Taoism. Neo-Confucianism came to dominate the education system during the Song dynasty (960–1297), and its ideas served as the philosophical basis of the imperial exams for the scholar official class. Some of the most important Neo-Confucian thinkers are the Tang scholars Han Yu and Li Ao as well as the Song thinkers Zhou Dunyi (1017–1073) and Zhu Xi (1130–1200). Zhu Xi compiled the Confucian canon, which consists of the Four Books (the Great Learning, the Doctrine of the Mean, the Analects of Confucius, and the Mencius). The Ming scholar Wang Yangming (1472–1529) is a later but important philosopher of this tradition as well.
Buddhism began arriving in China during the Han Dynasty, through a gradual Silk road transmission and through native influences developed distinct Chinese forms (such as Chan/Zen) which spread throughout the East Asian cultural sphere.
Chinese culture was highly influential on the traditions of other East Asian states and its philosophy directly influenced Korean philosophy, Vietnamese philosophy and Japanese philosophy. During later Chinese dynasties like the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) as well as in the Korean Joseon dynasty (1392–1897) a resurgent Neo-Confucianism led by thinkers such as Wang Yangming (1472–1529) became the dominant school of thought, and was promoted by the imperial state. In Japan, the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1867) was also strongly influenced by Confucian philosophy.[63] Confucianism continues to influence the ideas and worldview of the nations of the Chinese cultural sphere today.
In the Modern era, Chinese thinkers incorporated ideas from Western philosophy. Chinese Marxist philosophy developed under the influence of Mao Zedong, while a Chinese pragmatism developed under Hu Shih. The old traditional philosophies also began to reassert themselves in the 20th century. For example, New Confucianism, led by figures such as Xiong Shili, has become quite influential. Likewise, Humanistic Buddhism is a recent modernist Buddhist movement.
Modern Japanese thought meanwhile developed under strong Western influences such as the study of Western Sciences (Rangaku) and the modernist Meirokusha intellectual society which drew from European enlightenment thought and promoted liberal reforms as well as Western philosophies like Liberalism and Utilitarianism. Another trend in modern Japanese philosophy was the "National Studies" (Kokugaku) tradition. This intellectual trend sought to study and promote ancient Japanese thought and culture. Kokugaku thinkers such as Motoori Norinaga sought to return to a pure Japanese tradition which they called Shinto that they saw as untainted by foreign elements.
During the 20th century, the Kyoto School, an influential and unique Japanese philosophical school developed from Western phenomenology and Medieval Japanese Buddhist philosophy such as that of Dogen.
Main article: African philosophy
Painting of Zera Yacob from Claude Sumner's Classical Ethiopian Philosophy.
African philosophy is philosophy produced by African people, philosophy that presents African worldviews, ideas and themes, or philosophy that uses distinct African philosophical methods. Modern African thought has been occupied with Ethnophilosophy, with defining the very meaning of African philosophy and its unique characteristics and what it means to be African.[64]
During the 17th century, Ethiopian philosophy developed a robust literary tradition as exemplified by Zera Yacob. Another early African philosopher was Anton Wilhelm Amo (c. 1703–1759) who became a respected philosopher in Germany. Distinct African philosophical ideas include Ujamaa, the Bantu idea of 'Force', Négritude, Pan-Africanism and Ubuntu. Contemporary African thought has also seen the development of Professional philosophy and of Africana philosophy, the philosophical literature of the African diaspora which includes currents such as black existentialism by African-Americans. Some modern African thinkers have been influenced by Marxism, African-American literature, Critical theory, Critical race theory, Postcolonialism and Feminism.
Indigenous American philosophy
Main article: Indigenous American philosophy
A Tlamatini (Aztec philosopher) observing the stars, from the Codex Mendoza.
Indigenous-American philosophical thought consists of a wide variety of beliefs and traditions among different American cultures. Among some of U.S. Native American communities, there is a belief in a metaphysical principle called the 'Great Spirit' (Siouan: wakȟáŋ tȟáŋka; Algonquian: gitche manitou). Another widely shared concept was that of orenda ('spiritual power'). According to Whiteley (1998), for the Native Americans, "mind is critically informed by transcendental experience (dreams, visions and so on) as well as by reason."[65] The practices to access these transcendental experiences are termed shamanism. Another feature of the indigenous American worldviews was their extension of ethics to non-human animals and plants.[65][66]
In Mesoamerica, Aztec philosophy was an intellectual tradition developed by individuals called Tlamatini ('those who know something')[67] and its ideas are preserved in various Aztec codices. The Aztec worldview posited the concept of an ultimate universal energy or force called Ōmeteōtl ('Dual Cosmic Energy') which sought a way to live in balance with a constantly changing, "slippery" world.
The theory of Teotl can be seen as a form of Pantheism.[68] Aztec philosophers developed theories of metaphysics, epistemology, values, and aesthetics. Aztec ethics was focused on seeking tlamatiliztli ('knowledge', 'wisdom') which was based on moderation and balance in all actions as in the Nahua proverb "the middle good is necessary."[68]
The Inca civilization also had an elite class of philosopher-scholars termed the Amawtakuna who were important in the Inca education system as teachers of religion, tradition, history and ethics. Key concepts of Andean thought are Yanantin and Masintin which involve a theory of “complementary opposites” that sees polarities (such as male/female, dark/light) as interdependent parts of a harmonious whole.[69]
Main article: Women in philosophy
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an English writer and philosopher.
Although men have generally dominated philosophical discourse, women philosophers have engaged in the discipline throughout history. Ancient examples include Hipparchia of Maroneia (active c. 325 BCE) and Arete of Cyrene (active 5th–4th centuries BCE). Some women philosophers were accepted during the medieval and modern eras, but none became part of the Western canon until the 20th and 21st century, when many suggest that G.E.M. Anscombe, Hannah Arendt, Simone de Beauvoir, and Susanne Langer entered the canon.[70][71][72]
In the early 1800s, some colleges and universities in the UK and US began admitting women, producing more female academics. Nevertheless, U.S. Department of Education reports from the 1990s indicate that few women ended up in philosophy, and that philosophy is one of the least gender-proportionate fields in the humanities, with women making up somewhere between 17% and 30% of philosophy faculty according to some studies.[73]
Philosophical questions can be grouped into various branches. These groupings allow philosophers to focus on a set of similar topics and interact with other thinkers who are interested in the same questions.
These divisions are neither exhaustive, nor mutually exclusive. (A philosopher might specialize in Kantian epistemology, or Platonic aesthetics, or modern political philosophy). Furthermore, these philosophical inquiries sometimes overlap with each other and with other inquiries such as science, religion or mathematics.[74]
Main article: Aesthetics
Aesthetics is the "critical reflection on art, culture and nature."[75][76] It addresses the nature of art, beauty and taste, enjoyment, emotional values, perception and with the creation and appreciation of beauty.[77] It is more precisely defined as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste.[78] Its major divisions are art theory, literary theory, film theory and music theory. An example from art theory is to discern the set of principles underlying the work of a particular artist or artistic movement such as the Cubist aesthetic.[79]
Main article: Ethics
The Beijing imperial college was an intellectual center for Confucian ethics and classics during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, studies what constitutes good and bad conduct, right and wrong values, and good and evil. Its primary investigations include how to live a good life and identifying standards of morality. It also includes investigating whether or not there is a best way to live or a universal moral standard, and if so, how we come to learn about it. The main branches of ethics are normative ethics, meta-ethics and applied ethics.[80]
The three main views in ethics about what constitute moral actions are:[80]
Consequentialism, which judges actions based on their consequences. One such view is utilitarianism, which judges actions based on the net happiness (or pleasure) and/or lack of suffering (or pain) that they produce.
Deontology, which judges actions based on whether or not they are in accordance with one's moral duty. In the standard form defended by Immanuel Kant, deontology is concerned with whether or not a choice respects the moral agency of other people, regardless of its consequences.
Virtue ethics, which judges actions based on the moral character of the agent who performs them and whether they conform to what an ideally virtuous agent would do.
Main article: Epistemology
Dignaga founded a school of Buddhist epistemology and logic.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge.[81] Epistemologists examine putative sources of knowledge, including perceptual experience, reason, memory, and testimony. They also investigate questions about the nature of truth, belief, justification, and rationality.[82]
Philosophical skepticism, which raises doubts about some or all claims to knowledge, has been a topic of interest throughout the history of philosophy. It arose early in Pre-Socratic philosophy and became formalized with Pyrrho, the founder of the earliest Western school of philosophical skepticism. It features prominently in the works of modern philosophers René Descartes and David Hume, and has remained a central topic in contemporary epistemological debates.[82]
One of the most notable epistemological debates is between empiricism and rationalism. Empiricism places emphasis on observational evidence via sensory experience as the source of knowledge. Empiricism is associated with a posteriori knowledge, which is obtained through experience (such as scientific knowledge). Rationalism places emphasis on reason as a source of knowledge. Rationalism is associated with a priori knowledge, which is independent of experience (such as logic and mathematics).
One central debate in contemporary epistemology is about the conditions required for a belief to constitute knowledge, which might include truth and justification. This debate was largely the result of attempts to solve the Gettier problem.[82] Another common subject of contemporary debates is the regress problem, which occurs when trying to offer proof or justification for any belief, statement, or proposition. The problem is that whatever the source of justification may be, that source must either be without justification (in which case it must be treated as an arbitrary foundation for belief), or it must have some further justification (in which case justification must either be the result of circular reasoning, as in coherentism, or the result of an infinite regress, as in infinitism).[82]
Main article: Metaphysics
The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics in an incunabulum decorated with hand-painted miniatures.
Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, such as existence, time, objects and their properties, wholes and their parts, events, processes and causation and the relationship between mind and body. Metaphysics includes cosmology, the study of the world in its entirety and ontology, the study of being.
A major point of debate is between realism, which holds that there are entities that exist independently of their mental perception and idealism, which holds that reality is mentally constructed or otherwise immaterial. Metaphysics deals with the topic of identity. Essence is the set of attributes that make an object what it fundamentally is and without which it loses its identity while accident is a property that the object has, without which the object can still retain its identity. Particulars are objects that are said to exist in space and time, as opposed to abstract objects, such as numbers, and universals, which are properties held by multiple particulars, such as redness or a gender. The type of existence, if any, of universals and abstract objects is an issue of debate.
Main article: Logic
Logic is the study of reasoning and argument.
Deductive reasoning is when, given certain premises, conclusions are unavoidably implied. Rules of inference are used to infer conclusions such as, modus ponens, where given “A” and “If A then B”, then “B” must be concluded.
Because sound reasoning is an essential element of all sciences,[83] social sciences and humanities disciplines, logic became a formal science. Sub-fields include mathematical logic, philosophical logic, Modal logic, computational logic and non-classical logics. A major question in the philosophy of mathematics is whether mathematical entities are objective and discovered, called mathematical realism, or invented, called mathematical antirealism.
Other subfields
Mind and language
Main articles: Philosophy of language and philosophy of mind
Philosophy of language explores the nature, origins, and use of language. Philosophy of mind explores the nature of the mind and its relationship to the body, as typified by disputes between materialism and dualism. In recent years, this branch has become related to cognitive science.
Main article: Philosophy of science
The philosophy of science explores the foundations, methods, history, implications and purpose of science. Many of its subdivisions correspond to specific branches of science. For example, philosophy of biology deals specifically with the metaphysical, epistemological and ethical issues in the biomedical and life sciences.
Main article: Political philosophy
Thomas Hobbes, best known for his Leviathan, which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory.
Political philosophy is the study of government and the relationship of individuals (or families and clans) to communities including the state.[citation needed] It includes questions about justice, law, property and the rights and obligations of the citizen. Politics and ethics are traditionally linked subjects, as both discuss the question of how people should live together.[citation needed]
Main article: Philosophy of religion
Philosophy of religion deals with questions that involve religion and religious ideas from a philosophically neutral perspective (as opposed to theology which begins from religious convictions).[84] Traditionally, religious questions were not seen as a separate field from philosophy proper, the idea of a separate field only arose in the 19th century.[v]
Issues include the existence of God, the relationship between reason and faith, questions of religious epistemology, the relationship between religion and science, how to interpret religious experiences, questions about the possibility of an afterlife, the problem of religious language and the existence of souls and responses to religious pluralism and diversity.
Metaphilosophy explores the aims of philosophy, its boundaries and its methods.
Applied and professional philosophy
Main article: Contemporary philosophy § Outside the profession
Some of those who study philosophy become professional philosophers, typically by working as professors who teach, research and write in academic institutions.[85] However, most students of academic philosophy later contribute to law, journalism, religion, sciences, politics, business, or various arts.[86][87] For example, public figures who have degrees in philosophy include comedians Steve Martin and Ricky Gervais, filmmaker Terrence Malick, Pope John Paul II, Wikipedia co-founder Larry Sanger, technology entrepreneur Peter Thiel, Supreme Court Justice Stephen Bryer and vice presidential candidate Carly Fiorina.[88][89] Curtis White has argued that philosophical tools are essential to humanities, sciences and social sciences.[90]
Recent efforts to avail the general public to the work and relevance of philosophers include the million-dollar Berggruen Prize, first awarded to Charles Taylor in 2016.[91] Some philosophers argue that this professionalization has negatively affected the discipline.[92]
Main article: Outline of philosophy
Philosophy portal
List of important publications in philosophy
List of years in philosophy
List of philosophy journals
List of philosophy awards
List of unsolved problems in philosophy
Lists of philosophers
^ Quinton, Anthony. 1995. "The Ethics of Philosophical Practice." P. 666 in The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, edited by T. Honderich. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-866132-0. "Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved." (p. 666).
^ Sharma, Arvind (1990). A Hindu Perspective on the Philosophy of Religion. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-349-20797-8. "The attitude towards the existence of God varies within the Hindu religious tradition. This may not be entirely unexpected given the tolerance for doctrinal diversity for which the tradition is known. Thus of the six orthodox systems of Hindu philosophy, only three address the question in some detail. These are the schools of thought known as Nyaya, Yoga and the theistic forms of Vedanta." (pp. 1–2).
^ Wynne, Alexander. 2011. "The ātman and its negation." Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 33(1–2):103–05. "The denial that a human being possesses a "self" or "soul" is probably the most famous Buddhist teaching. It is certainly its most distinct, as has been pointed out by G.P. Malalasekera: 'In its denial of any real permanent Soul or Self, Buddhism stands alone.' A similar modern Sinhalese perspective has been expressed by Walpola Rahula: 'Buddhism stands unique in the history of human thought in denying the existence of such a Soul, Self or Ātman.' The 'no Self' or 'no soul' doctrine (Sanskrit: anātman; Pali: anattan) is particularly notable for its widespread acceptance and historical endurance. It was a standard belief of virtually all the ancient schools of Indian Buddhism (the notable exception being the Pudgalavādins), and has persisted without change into the modern era.… [B]oth views are mirrored by the modern Theravādin perspective of Mahasi Sayadaw that 'there is no person or soul' and the modern Mahāyāna view of the fourteenth Dalai Lama that '[t]he Buddha taught that…our belief in an independent self is the root cause of all suffering.'
^ Gombrich, Richard (2006). Theravada Buddhism. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-90352-8. "All phenomenal existence [in Buddhism] is said to have three interlocking characteristics: impermanence, suffering and lack of soul or essence." (p. 47).
^ Wainwright, William J. 2005. "Introduction." Pp. 3–11 in The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Religion, edited by W. J. Wainwright. New York: Oxford University Press. "The expression “philosophy of religion” did not come into general use until the nineteenth century, when it was employed to refer to the articulation and criticism of humanity's religious consciousness and its cultural expressions in thought, language, feeling, and practice." (Oxford Handbook, p. 3, at Google Books).
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^ Quinton, Anthony, The ethics of philosophical practice, p. 666, Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved. in Honderich 1995.
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The third floor shows paintings of Van Gogh's contemporaries in relationship to the work of Van Gogh himself. We ask for your permission to use cookies to show third-party content, like YouTube videos. Although this museum is fantastic, the collection of the Kroller Muller museum 100 km from Amsterdam has even a better Van Gogh collection. The museum also has a large collection of works by Van Gogh’s contemporaries and works that influenced his own style, including his collection of … To offer you the best way to enjoy all about the museum and Vincent van Gogh on our website, we always use functional and analytical cookies. The Van Gogh Museum is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. [19] Two Dutchmen were convicted for the theft to four-and-a-half-year sentences, but the paintings were not immediately recovered. Explore Vincent van Gogh's masterpieces in the museum's permanent exhibition and get to know his ideas and ambitions. The entrance to the Kurokawa wing is via a tunnel from the Rietveld building. There are many public transport options to get there. On top of making your loved ones happy, your purchase supports the museum. The prolific painter and penman led a hard life, plagued by failures and mental illness. Probably the best landscape I’ve done’, Van Gogh wrote about The Pink Peach Tree.Giclée on canvas, available from €70.35 The Van Gogh Museum uses cookies on this website. Naturally, this is in large part due to it housing the largest collection of works by Vincent van Gogh – more than 200 paintings, 500 drawings and 700 of his letters. By clicking ‘Accept’, you consent to the use of these cookies. Upon Vincent van Gogh's death in 1890, his work not sold fell into the possession of his brother Theo. [14], On 9 September 2013, the museum unveiled a long-lost Van Gogh painting that spent years in a Norwegian attic believed to be by another painter. We vragen je toestemming voor het gebruik van cookies zodat je YouTube-video’s en andere ingesloten inhoud kunt bekijken. Vincent van Gogh is considered one of the most … The museum also features notable artworks by Van Gogh's contemporaries in the Impressionist and post-Impressionist movements and holds extensive exhibitions on various subjects from 19th Century art history. The rotating exhibits are usually included in the general admission fee. Every little thing really does help. The museum is open daily, with some exceptions. Secure your entry to one of the Netherlands’ most popular attractions with a pre-booked admission ticket to Amsterdam’s Van Gogh Museum. Though his ear has been lost to history, Van Gogh left behind around 2,100 artworks and 820 letters. Step into Van Gogh's world. In 2017, the museum had 2.3 million visitors and was the most-visited museum in the Netherlands, and the 23rd-most-visited art museum in the world. Van Gogh Alive brings new life to more than 3,000 images of works by the Dutch post-impressionist at The Dali Museum in St. Petersburg. [18], In 2002, two paintings were stolen from the museum, Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen and View of the Sea at Scheveningen. [22] The FBI Art Crime Team listed the robbery on their Top Ten Art Crimes list, and estimates the combined value of the paintings at US$30 million. Vincent van Gogh is arguably one of the most famous and influential … Today, Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings to have ever sold, and his legacy is honoured by a museum in his name, the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which holds the world's largest collection of his paintings and drawings. An important part of the Van Gogh Museum’s mission is the management and preservation of the Van Gogh collection. We also offer an extensive selection of prints, posters, wallpaper and postcards of Vincent van Gogh's masterpieces. On the ground floor are a shop, a café, and an introductory exhibition. Van Gogh Museum opening hours. Thanks to them, the museum has the second largest Van Gogh collection in the world. Enjoy the Museum from Home If you can't visit the Van Gogh Museum in person just yet, then explore the museum from home. Located in the Museum Quarter, the van Gogh museum's building is open and spacious, and is walking distance to other museums. [50], National art museum in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Art museum, National museum in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Location within the city center of Amsterdam, 23rd-most-visited art museum in the world, Congregation Leaving the Reformed Church in Nuenen, Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette, Agostina Segatori Sitting in the Café du Tambourin, View of Paris from Vincent's Room in the Rue Lepic, 2nd most visited museum in the Netherlands, 31st most visited art museum in the world, Address, accessibility, directions and parking, Introduction: the Van Gogh Museum as a National Museum, 1973-1994, Van Gogh Museum zit Rijks op de hielen als populairste museum, Bezoekersrecords voor Van Gogh Museum en NEMO, Veel meer bezoekers voor grootste Nederlandse musea, Amsterdam’s Van Gogh Museum to Close for Renovations, "New Van Gogh Painting Unveiled in Amsterdam", Lost and Found: Huge van Gogh Theft Fails, Rovers Van Gogh in hoger beroep forser gestraft, Diefstal Van Goghs grootste kunstroof in Nederland, Two van Gogh Works Are Stolen in Amsterdam, Van Gogh Museum offers reward for information about theft of paintings, "Van Gogh paintings stolen from Amsterdam found in Italy", "3D Vincent Van Gogh Universe Launches In Beijing", "Meet Vincent Van Gogh Experience Press Roundup from Beijing", "ELBOW PRODUCTIONS CELEBRATES OPENING OF "MEET VINCENT VAN GOGH" WITH EVENT", Van Gogh Museum closes Van Gogh's 150th anniversary year successfully with 1.3 million visitors, Van Gogh Museum Collection visited by almost 1.5 million culture lovers from around the world, Een schitterend, alles overstralend pantser, Duitser Axel Rüger nieuwe directeur Van Gogh Museum, "Axel Rüger, director of Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, appointed new chief executive of Royal Academy", A Girl in the Street, Two Coaches in the Background, Farmhouses in Loosduinen near The Hague at Twilight, Memory of the Garden at Etten (Ladies of Arles), A Meadow in the Mountains: Le Mas de Saint-Paul, View of the Asylum and Chapel of Saint-Rémy, Peasant Woman Against a Background of Wheat, "Vincent and the Doctor" (2010 TV episode), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Van_Gogh_Museum&oldid=987228927, Art museums and galleries in the Netherlands, Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl), Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 November 2020, at 18:49. There is a guided tour in English starting at 7 pm and in Dutch at 8 pm and several attractions as cocktail … [27][28], The museum houses the largest Van Gogh collection in the world with 200 paintings, 400 drawings, and 700 letters by the artist.[29]. Dutch architect Gerrit Rietveld, a member of the progressive art movement De Stijl, designed the main structure. Friday evening. It can be dated to the exact day it was painted because he described it in a letter to his brother, Theo, and said he painted it the previous day 4 July 1888. [30], The Van Gogh Museum manages an official Meet Vincent Van Gogh Experience, described as a travelling "3D immersive exhibition" using technology and computer audio-visual techniques to cover the story of Van Gogh's life through images of his works. Every Friday evening during the high season the Van Gogh Museum is open until 10 pm. [13] In late 2012, the museum was closed for renovations for six months. The Van Gogh Museum is on the Museumplein, an art hub just south of the city center. The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam is one of the most popular museums in the world, attracting visitors from every corner of the globe. [20][21] The museum offered a reward of €100,000 for information leading to the recovery of the paintings. The main building, designed by Gerrit Rietveld, opened in 1973. [16] Four men, including two museum guards, were convicted for the theft and given six or seven-year sentences. The museum’s collection is the largest collection of Van Gogh’s paintings and drawings in the world. [34] The "experience" was designed in collaboration with the London-based museum design consultancy, Event Communications (who designed Titanic Belfast),[35] and it won a 2017 THEA award in the category of Immersive Museum Exhibit: Touring. The museum opened on 2 June 1973, and its buildings were designed by Gerrit Rietveld and Kisho Kurokawa. A unique opportunity to see Van Gogh’s greatest letters alongside his masterpieces. [17] It is considered to be the largest art theft in the Netherlands since the Second World War. But don't forget to make a … The work of Vincent van Gogh occupies a special place in the collection of Anton and Helene Kröller-Müller, the founders of the Kröller-Müller Museum. A free introduction on Van Gogh and his life is available at 7:30 pm. In 2019, the Van Gogh Museum launched the Meet Vincent Van Gogh Experience, a technology-driven "immersive exhibition" on Van Gogh's life and works, which has toured globally. Theo died six months after Vincent, leaving the work in the possession of his widow, Johanna van Gogh-Bonger. Find plenty of inspiration, enjoy art and stories, or get creative. The museum contains the largest collection of Van Gogh's paintings and drawings in the world. The Van Gogh Museum is a must visit in Amsterdam. The second floor gives information about the restoration of paintings and has a space for minor temporary exhibitions. The Van Gogh Museum will dedicate a portion of its profits from this project to the preservation of Vincent van Gogh’s legacy and collection of art; keeping it accessible for future generations. Stories. These museum is a must see, if you love the paintings of Van Gogh. [8], Design for a Van Gogh Museum was commissioned by the Dutch government in 1963 to Dutch architect and furniture designer Gerrit Rietveld. Another van Gogh painting was stolen from a Dutch museum early Monday morning. The Van Gogh Museum is an art museum in Amsterdam in the Netherlands dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries.. [47][48][49] In 2015, the museum had 1.9 million visitors,[4] it was the 2nd most visited museum in the Netherlands, after the Rijksmuseum,[5] and the 31st most visited art museum in the world. Plan your Visit; See What's on; Tickets and webstore; Exhibition. The two artworks were found in a "relatively good state", according to the Van Gogh Museum. Vincent van Gogh was born in Zundert, the Netherlands, in 1853.After receiving a good education, part of which took place in a boarding school, Vincent worked for an art dealer, where he discovered his vocation. Now on view until 11 June: Prints in Paris 1900: From Elite to the Street. The museum is usually quieter at the times shown in green. [24], The museum is situated at the Museumplein in Amsterdam-Zuid, on the Paulus Potterstraat 7, between the Stedelijk Museum and the Rijksmuseum,[25] and consists of two buildings, the Rietveld building, designed by Gerrit Rietveld, and the Kurokawa wing, designed by Kisho Kurokawa. The Van Gogh Museum houses a permanent collection dedicated to the best works of art by Vincent van Gogh and several temporary exhibitions.. Vincent van Gogh. Find out more about our cookies. [23] In September 2016, both paintings were discovered by the Guardia di Finanza in Naples, Italy. The museum is currently unable to welcome its usual number of visitors, and as a result is missing out on crucial income. [15], In 1991, twenty paintings were stolen from the museum, among them Van Gogh's early painting The Potato Eaters. [43], Axel Rüger, who had been the museum director since 2006,[43][44] left the museum in 2019 to become secretary and chief executive of the Royal Academy of Arts in London. Three paintings – Wheatfield with Crows, Still Life with Bible, and Still Life with Fruit – were severely torn during the theft. Discover the reproductions of the Van Gogh Museum. It is the first full-size canvas by him discovered since 1928. The museum has sculptures by Auguste Rodin and Jules Dalou, and paintings by John Russell, Émile Bernard, Maurice Denis, Kees van Dongen, Paul Gauguin, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Odilon Redon, Georges Seurat, Paul Signac, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. The Van Gogh Museum is a Dutch art museum dedicated to the works of Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries in the Museum Square in Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw. [7] The museum opened on 2 June 1973,[2] and its buildings were designed by Gerrit Rietveld and Kisho Kurokawa. [31] The first "experience" was in 2016 in Beijing,[32][33] and it has since been toured globally to Europe, Asia and North America. The museum’s website offers a number of other ways to engage with van Gogh’s art, including coloring activities and lessons for children. Daily 9am until 5pm. With just a small donation, you can support us. The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam houses the largest collection of artworks by Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) in the world. The permanent collection also includes nine of the artist's self-portraits and some of his earliest paintings dating back to 1882. [46], Since 2000, the museum had between 1.2 and 1.9 million visitors per year. [25], The Rietveld building is the main structure and houses the permanent collection. Between 1908 and 1929, they purchase no fewer than 91 paintings and more than 180 works on paper. The Van Gogh Museum was opened in 1973 and consists of two buildings. It has a rectangular floor plan and is four stories high. The Van Gogh Museum generates 89% of its own income and is heavily reliant on proceeds from ticket sales. Tip! 600 of the former and 700 of the latter can be seen in this museum, containing the largest Van Gogh collection in the world! And for those who exhaust the museum’s offerings, try browsing van Gogh’s works at Google Arts & Culture , MoMA , the Met , and the Rijksmuseum . It has an oval floor plan and is three stories high. Learn more about Vincent van Gogh's life, read his letters, explore his paintings and drawings. In 1999 the museum opened the new Exhibition Wing, designed by the Japanese architect Kurokawa Kisho. [34], The Meet Van Gogh Experience does not present original artworks, as they are too fragile to travel. * ASML will support the museum with research into this conservation, which will ensure that future generations will be reached and inspired by the life and work of Vincent Van Gogh and his contemporaries. [6], The Van Gogh Museum is a member of the national Museumvereniging (Museum Association). The Van Gogh Museum touts the largest collection of artworks from Vincent van Gogh and it has now increased its already sizable virtual footprint with a seven-part video series taking the viewer on a private tour of parts of the museum’s collection. Furthermore, we use cookies to display ads tailored to your interests on other websites. The first floor shows the works of Van Gogh grouped chronologically. Om je alles over het museum en over Vincent van Gogh nóg beter te kunnen laten zien, gebruiken we altijd functionele en analytische cookies. PLEASE NOTE: Wearing a face mask is mandatory. Explore more about the museum and Vincent van Gogh. Because of Van Gogh's popularity, some travelers highly recommend purchasing online tickets ahead of time to avoid lengthy museum lines. [11] In 1998 and 1999, the building was renovated by the Dutch architect Martien van Goor,[12] and an exhibition wing by the Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa was added. [27], The Kurokawa wing is used for major temporary exhibitions. Sunset at Montmajour depicts trees, bushes and sky, painted with Van Gogh's familiar thick brush strokes. Architect Kisho Kurokawa’s exhibition wing was completed in 1999. [45] The Van Gogh Museum announced that Managing Director Adriaan Dönszelmann would act as general director until a new director is appointed. The Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam is home to around 200 paintings, 400 drawings and 700 letters by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. There are parking lots in the city center, but spaces are limited. 'Two pink peach trees against a glorious blue and white sky. Vincent van Gogh was not famous during his life. Explore the world’s largest collectionof works by Vincent van Gogh at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. A free introduction on Van Gogh and his life is available at 6:30 pm. The history of the Van Gogh Museum’s architecture is an interesting one. [8] Selling many of Vincent's paintings with the ambition of spreading knowledge of his artwork, Johanna maintained a private collection of his works. Although the thieves escaped from the building, 35 minutes later all stolen paintings were recovered from an abandoned car. My wife and I had an I Amsterdam card, which gives you free access to the Van Gogh Museum. Other designers have also contributed to the rebuilding and renovation of the building. [4][37][38][39][40][41] From 2010 to 2012, it was the most visited museum in the Netherlands. [36], The Van Gogh Museum, which is a national museum (Dutch: rijksmuseum),[42] is a foundation (Dutch: stichting). During this period, 75 works from the collection were shown in the Hermitage Amsterdam. The main exhibition chronicles the various phases of Van Gogh's artistic life. An 1887 self-portrait by artist Vincent van Gogh from the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. [9] Rietveld died a year later, and the building was not completed until 1973,[10] when the museum opened its doors. Our canvases are printed on the finest quality linens. The museum is located at the Museum Square in the borough Amsterdam South, close to the Stedelijk Museum, the Rijksmuseum, and the Concertgebouw.. [26] Museum offices are housed on Stadhouderskade 55 in Amsterdam-Zuid. The collection was inherited by her son Vincent Willem van Gogh in 1925, eventually loaned to the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, where it was displayed for many years, and was transferred to the state-initiated Vincent van Gogh Foundation in 1962. In addition to van Gogh's artwork, there was a special exhibit of another artist, a restaurant/cafe and multiple gift shops on different levels. The entrance to the use of these cookies and houses the permanent collection also includes nine of the Gogh! Purchasing online Tickets ahead of time to avoid lengthy museum lines secure entry... 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van gogh museum 2020
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Prisons & The Rule of Law
Pre Trial Detention
Prison Best Practice
Professional and accountable staffing
Conditions of Detention
Contact with the outside World
Prison Alternatives
Alternatives to Pre-trial Detention
Alternative Sentences
Justice and Prisons has been established to provide an opportunity to debate and comment on issues relating to the use and practice of imprisonment around the world. It aims to be a resource for guidance and informed opinion which will help ensure that criminal justice plays its proper role in society, respecting human rights and contributing to the rule of law.
International and regional justice and prison standards are intrinsically demanding benchmarks, particularly in the developing world. Rob Allen and Paul English have many years direct experience of supporting and leading programmes with policy makers and practitioners in government and non-governmental organisations which apply innovative responses and proven models of improved practice to work towards those standards.
Rob Allen works on prison reform in the UK and internationally. From 2005 to 2010 he was director of the International Centre for Prison Studies (ICPS) at King’s College London, undertaking research on imprisonment and assisting prison systems to comply with international standards. He has undertaken prison reform work in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Prior to joining ICPS in March 2005, he ran Rethinking Crime and Punishment, an initiative on to change public attitudes to prison and alternatives in the UK. Earlier in his career, Rob was director of research and development at UK charity NACRO. He was a member of the Youth Justice Board for England and Wales from 1998 to 2006 and a specialist adviser to the UK Parliament’s Justice Committee. He has written widely on youth and criminal justice.
Paul English is an independent international penal reform expert. He has worked for United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the Open Society Justice Initiative and Penal Reform International where for seven years he was the first Executive Director. He has held memberships on expert panels for Governments and alliances of leading international bodies for prison reform and rule of law. He has lead and managed penal reform programmes in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Europe and the Americas. He previously worked for international development NGOs during which time he lived in Peru and The Gambia.
© Justice and Prisons 2011
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House: The Turret
O'Dell/Odell
Property/House name: The Turret
Description: Lewis writes that the Turret was erected by a branch of the De Lacy family and repaired by Colonel O’Dell in 1683 and was "lately the residence of Major O’Dell". The Ordnance Survey Name Books refer to an inscription on the wall of the building which recorded the O'Dell family inhabiting the building in 1683. It was reputed to incorporate a turret from an old house of the Knights Hospitallers. Thomas O'Dell was resident in 1814 and Mrs O'Dell of the Turret, Ballingarry, died in 1818 according to the church records of that parish. Fitzgerald in 1826 refers to Jackson's Turret, built on a hill and "now nearly in ruins". Bence Jones writes that a porch and wing were added to the building in the late 19th century and that it became a presbytery. It is still extant.
Townland: Rylanes
Civil Parish: Ballingarry
Poor Law Union: Croom
DED: Ballingarry 7
Barony: Connello Upper
County: Limerick
OSI Grid Reference: R413364
Rylaans or The Turret (Photo courtesy of Joseph Lennon)
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Stories from the Lakeside: a serial drama
For fans of: John Hughes movies, St. Elmo’s Fire, My So-Called Life, The OC, and Freaks and Geeks…
Set in the mid-1980s and into the 90’s, Lakeside Heights is a quiet college town on the shores of Lake Michigan with cold winters and hot summers, a quiet place where secrets can be buried, new loves can blossom, and young people will dream of growing out of but never quite feel able to leave. Come follow the residents of this town and all the complicated ways their lives intersect.
Episode 0: “Comfortably Numb”. Set six years before the start of the series, it’s the summer of 1979 and Charlie Roseland is almost fifteen when this peaceful lakeshore town is rocked by the horrific news that a young girl has been murdered. Charlie’s best friend, Natty-Patty-Pie, the cheesiest girl alive, has been destroyed by nightmares she can’t shake. Charlie’s mother is always crying, his little sister is afraid, and his father tells him there are no answers and sometimes you don’t get to find out why. On the cusp of manhood but not quiet there yet, the careful veil of childhood is ripped away to reveal that life can be full of both breathtaking sweetness and unspeakable horrors.
Stories from the Lakeside is a serial drama of novelette-sized episodes (12-15K/50 pages). Structured like your favorite television show or soap opera, the stories are ongoing and carry on from episode to episode, and season to season.
Please note, this series may regularly include sensitive subject matter, drug and alcohol use, possibly disturbing scenes, sexual situations, crude language and humor, good retro music, denim and neon, big hair, among other such debauchery, and is not intended for young or sensitive readers.
Charlie and Natty
Childhood sweethearts and best friends, Charlie and Natty are in their second year of college together, making promises to each other that are bigger than they understand. Charlie encounters a hiccup in the course of his future—would Natty still love him if he messed everything up? But what Charlie doesn’t know is that Natty has stumbled upon some hiccups of her own that she isn’t sure Charlie will forgive her for. Before they know it, everything they thought was certain has become a question.
Josh and Sophia
Josh is a passionate young man with a very intense crush, and he knows he could get Natty’s attention with enough time… and if not for that pesky boyfriend she has hanging around. Sophia feels like her brother is a good guy, deep down, but wonders sometimes if that’s just wishful thinking? Josh is an adult now, and she can’t keep babysitting him anymore, or putting her own life on hold to do it. How many secrets can she bury for her little brother before the truth becomes too big to hide?
Ruby and Joey
Ruby is graduating high school and she has her eyes set on the stars, and she isn’t going to let anything stand in the way of her dreams. Or anyone. Will she end up ruling the world or will she just become a drama queen? On the other hand, her little sister, Joey just wants to be left alone. A floaty pixie girl named Ocean, with an impish smile and a camera, tries to bring Joey out of her shell but ends up changing a lens on her whole world instead. Joey doesn’t know if she’s ready for that.
Sign up here to receive an email when this series is available. Or follow @LauraRaeAmos on Twitter for updates.
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LeakCity Mayor (Auto DJ)
Jahreau Shepherd, MMA Fighter, Stabbed To Death At Birthday Party
Jahreau Shepherd was celebrating his 30th birthday when he was reportedly stabbed and killed.
It was supposed to be a celebratory time for Jahreau Shepherd, but it ended up being the day he took his final breath. The British MMA fighter known as “The Nightmare” was reportedly celebrating his 30th birthday on Saturday evening at a backyard BBQ complete with his friends and family. Shepherd’s mother was at the event along with children, so this wasn’t meant to be a place where any violent altercations took place.
The exact circumstances surrounding Jahreau Shepherd’s death are unclear, but what is known is that someone stabbed him. Emergency responders arrived and attempted to save his life but the fighter reportedly died at the scene with his mother pleading for his life.
“He lived and breathed fighting,” Tanisha Shepherd, Jahreau’s cousin, said. “He was so looking forward to the gym opening again after the lockdown and was lining up a fight. He had everything to live for. He helped keep the young people on the straight and narrow and was a role model.”
Shortly after Jahreau’s incident, a 26-year-old reportedly checked himself into a nearby hospital with stab wounds, but it isn’t clear if the two cases are related. The pro-MMA fighter’s death is being treated as a murder and police are hoping that witnesses will help identify the killer.
LeakCity AutoDJ. Requests are automatically added to the queue.
Ab-Soul Gets Conspriatorial In The Studio
Capitol Evacuated & On Lockdown After “Security Threat”
Patrick Mahomes Responds To Mack Wilson Following Chiefs Win
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New York City Council Members
Thu, 123
Re-referred to Committee by Council
Into law legislation, which would amend the New York State Criminal Procedure Law to allow prosecutors and defense attorneys to apply for a conditional examination of witnesses who are of advanced age.
Resolution calling on the Administration for Children's Services Division of Youth and Family Justice to require all juveniles detained in New York City facilities during the summer months to attend school.
Resolution calling on the State Legislature to pass and for the Governor to sign A.5033/S.3579, in relation to reforming the State's bail system.
Resolution calling on the New York State Office of Court Administration to perform a needs assessment of judges and court personnel in New York City Criminal Courts and according to those findings, increase staff within the next two years.
Client satisfaction surveys for city-funded indigent legal services
Child support for persons wrongly incarcerated due to prosecutorial misconduct
Requiring the corporation counsel to submit reports on the settlement of civil actions
Resolution calling on the New York State Legislature to pass and the Governor to sign, legislation to repeal the Criminal Procedure Law Article 240 and replace it with a law mandating early, open, and automatic pre-trial discovery.
The availability of automated teller machines in courthouses
Resolution calling upon the New York State Legislature to pass, and Governor to sign, S.50/A.5001, which would prohibit gay and transgender panic defenses in criminal proceedings.
A Local Law in relation to establishing a temporary task force on pay parity for public defenders and assistant district attorneys with city agency attorneys
Expanding the right to counsel for tenants
« December 2, 2020 December 4, 2020 »
with ❤ from backspace.com
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Whoa: CIA’s New Rules For Spying On Americans Revealed…The Country Goes Crazy!
The CIA and other intelligence agencies do not have a good track record.
The American people tend to look at this group warily, as shadowy agents that work in secret, doing illegal or suspicious things in the name of “national security.”
If pressed, most people would say they don’t trust the CIA. They would say that, although they have certain restraints meant to limit their power, an agency run by spies has ways of circumventing those limits.
This has only gotten worse after the 2013 release of documents by whistleblower Edward Snowden. He exposed that intelligence groups, such as the NSA, have been compiling personal data on every American, including emails, texts, and phone calls.
Such revelations have put all intelligence agencies in the dog house for many Americans. But apparently, the CIA has unveiled new rules to make it all better.
From Yahoo News:
LANGLEY, Va. (Reuters) – The Central Intelligence Agency on Wednesday unveiled revised rules for collecting, analyzing and storing information on American citizens, updating the rules for the information age and publishing them in full for the first time.
The guidelines are designed “in a manner that protects the privacy and civil rights of the American people,” CIA General Counsel Caroline Krass told a briefing at the agency’s headquarters in Langley, Virginia…
The guidelines were published two days before President elect-Donald Trump is sworn into office and may be changed by the new administration. Trump has said he favors stronger government surveillance powers, including the monitoring of “certain” mosques in the United States.
The new guidelines, which can be viewed here, are an attempt to mitigate the ongoing distrust between U.S. citizens and intelligence agencies.
Recent events surrounding the CIA claims over our election have further put stress on our perception of this “deep state.” Their insistence that Russia interfered with our elections, despite significant criticism and a lack of evidence, has caused Trump supporters and even government officials to question the validity and effectiveness of our top intelligence officials.
The new procedures, under development for years, were signed on Tuesday by CIA Director John Brennan and Attorney General Loretta Lynch.
Oh, that makes me feel better! The outgoing leader of the CIA — who’s made himself an enemy of President-elect Trump — and Loretta Lynch, a woman who was possibly colluding with the Hillary campaign, were the ones overseeing these new rules.
That doesn’t instill much confidence. Our intelligence agencies must work tirelessly to root out terror threats and prevent our enemies from infiltrating our country. But they cannot do that in ways that undermine our Constitutional rights to privacy. Our government is meant to defend our rights, not violate them.
It may seem like an impossible task to balance the two goals, but it can be done. Hopefully these new rules will lay the groundwork for an effective intelligence gather system for the future.
Source: Yahoo News
Related Items:CIA, Donald Trump, Surveillance
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Shock Report: Obama Pardons Traitor…Because Hacker Asks Him To!
Sick: CNN’s Disgusting Report ‘Disaster Could Put Obama Appointee In Oval Office’…America Goes Insane!
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Review by James Smither, Grand Valley State University
Those Who Have Borne the Battle: A History of America's Wars and Those Who Fought Them
By James Wright
New York: Public Affairs, 2012. Pp. viii, 351. ISBN 978–1–61039–072–9.
Descriptors: Volume 2013, 18th Century, 19th Century, 20th Century, 21st Century, Revolutionary War, US Civil War, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan Print Version
From its inception, the United States of America has had an ambivalent relationship with its military. Despite a general consensus that the country needs some sort of military system, the preference has been to keep it as small as possible, expanding its ranks in times of emergency through the use of militias or "citizen soldiers," who resume their civilian lives once the crisis has passed. This durable idea has persisted from the era of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill to the current adulation of the "Greatest Generation" and television commercials for the military touting GI Bill educational benefits or assuring would-be members of the Reserves or National Guard that they can serve their country and their communities at the same time.
The reality underlying the myth, of course, has always been a good deal more complicated, as militia forces proved to be inadequate even in the Revolution, and much larger armies were needed for later conflicts like the Civil War, the two World Wars, Korea, Vietnam, and even Iraq and Afghanistan. Troops have been thrown into action without adequate preparation, resulting in some very steep learning curves, however well American soldiers have adapted to circumstances. Along the way, professional military men, especially career officers, often grew frustrated with civilian oversight; this has sometimes caused major political crises. Caught in the middle have been the soldiers themselves, especially those actively engaged in combat, who have been expected to return to civilian life as if nothing had changed, despite their physical or psychological traumas and sense of alienation from all except other veterans.
Making sense of all this and tracing changes and continuities in the American military system and in the experiences of those who have served in it, is a daunting task, but historian and former Dartmouth College president James Wright is well equipped to tackle it. He volunteered for the Marine Corps straight out of high school in the late 1950s; after his service, he went to college and graduate school during the Vietnam era, following news accounts of the fighting and participating in the antiwar movement. This background has enabled him both to empathize with soldiers and to criticize the ways they have been abused and misunderstood by civilians, whether in government or society as a whole. During his academic career, he keenly observed the country's changeover to an all-volunteer military that has grown increasingly professional and technically specialized. In his retirement, he returned to his roots by making regular visits to military hospitals to talk with wounded veterans of the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. He learned how poorly the public understood what these soldiers had endured and how different the realities of modern wars are from the idealized visions harking back to World War II and earlier. This disconnect inspired him to write Those Who Have Borne the Battle.
In a brief introductory chapter, Wright describes his own experiences as a means to define his topic. His next chapter treats relations between civilians and the military from the Revolution through World War I. His first example sets the tone: on 15 March 1783, a group of disgruntled Continental Army officers met and considered refusing the government's orders to disband until they were granted the pension benefits they had been promised. They were dissuaded from mutiny by George Washington himself, who told them to behave and go home and promised to do what he could for them. As unhappy as the professional military men were with the unfair treatment by their civilian masters, they nonetheless accepted civilian control—a pattern that has continued to the present.
This scenario also adumbrates a second trend, that of demobilizing the armed forces after each conflict and maintaining as small and inexpensive a peacetime military as possible. In each conflict from the War of 1812 through the Mexican War, the Civil War, the Spanish-American War, and World War I, the nation relied in varying degrees on soldiers recruited from civilian life, but also gradually expanded and professionalized the military and centralized the control of the recruitment and training of soldiers by shifting from state militias to federally controlled Guard and Reserve organizations.
Wright next considers how society as a whole has perceived and remembered its soldiers, again tracing significant changes in how civilians in and out of government viewed and treated veterans. He demonstrates that the Revolutionary ideal of the citizen-soldier militated against paying much attention to veterans or rewarding them for their service, since they had only done their patriotic duty, with no expectation of personal benefits. As the soldiers aged, however, attitudes softened, especially toward those who still suffered from their wartime injuries, and the government gradually provided benefits first to wounded veterans, then to all who had served for a significant time.
The War of 1812 and the Mexican War did not involve very large armies and, with little fanfare, (mostly) wounded veterans received some benefits, as did families of dead soldiers. The Civil War, which mobilized a much greater proportion of the population, left in its wake a large and better organized body of veterans, especially on the Union side. These men soon exercised considerable political clout, promoting benefit programs for veterans and public commemorations of their deeds. Confederate veterans, while not initially receiving federal support or recognition, were championed by private groups and gradually integrated into the larger veteran community; by the end of the century, they were better treated and more favorably regarded than black veterans on the Union side. The Spanish-American War and World War I both served to further enhance the image of the veteran and spurred the growth of veterans' organizations. Still, the federal government was reluctant to spend much on them and long resisted paying their promised "bonuses."
Wright devotes separate chapters to each of the three extended conflicts of the mid-twentieth century: World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. In the Second World War, he sees a logical extension of federalization and centralized control of the military, but also identifies something dramatically different. While the government once more had to improvise a large army, this time Roosevelt had begun that process even before Pearl Harbor by expanding arms industries, building up the Navy, mobilizing National Guard and Reserve units, and reinstating conscription. To pay for all this, the government both borrowed money and increased revenues by establishing a permanent withholding tax on wages. Even before the war ended, steps were taken to greatly increase support for returning veterans, including healthy ones, in response to the added political influence of veterans' organizations, whose ranks were swelling. The men who came home after this war were treated quite differently from General Washington's veterans, or even General Pershing's.
Here Wright also criticizes the popular designation of those who fought or otherwise served in World War II as the Greatest Generation. He notes that soldiers are soldiers and in all wars have behaved heroically and otherwise, whether in Normandy or Afghanistan, warning that "The debate over relative greatness is more than a historical parlor game, a word exercise. I would also suggest that this is a conversation with consequences…. [T]he way we interpret and remember war … is about more than personal recollections; it is about the way societies and cultures think about their past and about their legacy, which can indeed have consequences for subsequent understandings, choices, and behavior" (131). He believes their deification places an unnecessary burden on World War II veterans and those who have come after them, distorting the reality of the experience of the war itself.
Korean War and Vietnam veterans were quite aware, as Wright demonstrates, of the shadow cast over them by their World War II predecessors. There was no Pearl Harbor to arouse popular support; indeed, neither the public nor the soldiers had much idea of what they were fighting for, nor were civilians asked to make the sorts of sacrifices they had made during the Second World War. Though the military after 1945 was larger than after 1918, it was still too small and poorly equipped; the conflicts in both Korea and Vietnam necessitated significant expansions of the draft and the military budget. At the same time, neither President Truman nor President Johnson called up many Guard or Reserve formations, fearing political repercussions; soldiers no longer served for the duration, but only for one-year stints overseas, as men were rotated in and out of units that remained in place. While this may have made the draft more palatable, it also eroded morale and unit cohesion, especially in the later stages of each conflict, as more and more experienced officers and noncoms became casualties or were rotated home or to the rear.
Veterans of Korea were seldom hailed as heroes. Most kept their experiences to themselves, and Korea wound up as the "forgotten war." Vietnam vets, too, commonly encountered indifference and even outright hostility, whether from antiwar activists, who saw them as war criminals, or from those who considered them slackers, cowards, and drug addicts who had lost "their" war. This group of veterans did push back, however, and contributed to the development of programs to deal with the effects of PTSD and Agent Orange; they have made the public's attitude toward veterans in general much more positive today than it was forty years ago.
Turning to Iraq and Afghanistan, Wright identifies several substantial differences from earlier wars, especially in terms of the experiences of the soldiers themselves. The creation of an all-volunteer military in the wake of Vietnam, he argues, significantly altered how the service branches met their manpower needs. Now, the Guard and Reserve units are essential; as conflicts dragged on and at times escalated, there were too few recruits to fill the ranks, and the same personnel had to be redeployed again and again. This not only damaged the mental and physical health of the soldiers and their families, but reinforced the isolation of the relatively small part of society that actually served from everyone else. Today's professional American military is far removed, Wright points out, from that of the citizen-soldier prototype of earlier armies. It is also far more expensive, partly because warfare itself is more costly, but also because of benefits now seen as entitlements that present-day veterans will receive for a long time to come. While the public may view these men and women as "heroes," it has far less appreciation of their experience than previous generations had for their soldiers' sacrifices, when a much larger percentage of the male population served.
Wright's intelligent and sensitive account of the transformation of the American military is valuable for its synthesis of a voluminous body of material into a coherent narrative accessible to audiences well beyond scholars of military history. Besides considering the causes of wars, the decisions that shaped them, and relations between the military and civilian sectors of society, Wright manages to address an array of hot-button issues without drubbing the reader with his own views. For instance, he dismisses claims that the Civil War was not primarily about slavery, but does not belabor the issue. He also calls attention to racism and discrimination in the North as well as the South. Indeed, he spotlights racial issues and the ethnic makeup of the armed forces throughout American history.
Wright sees many of the wars he surveys as the result of bad decisions by political and military leaders. That said, he sometimes understates his criticisms. For example, he shows some sympathy for Lyndon Johnson, who had inherited a mess in Vietnam that had been growing for some time, while observing that he worsened a bad situation by his own poor decisions. Later, he gives a similarly nuanced critique of the dubious rationale that President George W. Bush and his advisers gave for the Iraq War. Critics of Johnson or Bush might feel he has pulled his punches, but his restraint and careful use of evidence make his criticisms all the more compelling.
Those Who Have Borne the Battle is remarkable for its author's thorough research and control of subject matter. Specialists may take issue with some of his generalizations about certain aspects of the wars he studies, but these tend to relate to general background rather than the specific issues of concern. What stands out above all else is Wright's compassion for the soldiers themselves. While aware that those who have not served will never fully understand the military experience, he tries to narrow the gap between those who have borne the battle and those who have not. His efforts will benefit both sides.
Purchase Those Who Have Borne the Battle
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From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), also known as idiopathic environmental intolerances (IEI), is an acquired, chronic, multi-system illness, in which people experience a range of symptoms in response to exposure to certain everyday chemicals.
A 2018 scientific review said MCS was "a complex syndrome that manifests as a result of exposure to a low level of various common contaminants."[1]
While a 2019 consensus paper on MCS defined the condition as an "acquired disorder, characterized by recurrent symptoms, affecting multiple organs and systems, which arise in response to a demonstrable exposure to chemicals," even at doses much lower than would cause a reaction in the general population.[2]
Common triggers for MCS symptoms include pesticides, fragranced products, petrochemicals, formaldehyde and mold.[3][4]
1 What are the symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity?
2 How is multiple chemical sensitivity diagnosed
3 ME/CFS and multiple chemical sensitivity
4 How do you treat multiple chemical sensitivity?
5 Multiple chemical sensitivity and access
5.1 Hospital care
6 How common is multiple chemical sensitivity?
7 What causes multiple chemical sensitivity?
7.1 Toxicological
7.2 Neurological
7.3 Immunological
7.4 Psychological
7.5 Genetic
8 Recognition
10 Controversy
11 In the media
11.1 Safe (1995)
11.2 Afflicted docuseries (2018)
12 Notable studies and publications
14 Learn more
What are the symptoms of multiple chemical sensitivity?
There is a consensus that the symptoms of MCS affect multiple organs and body systems,[3][5][6][7] range from mild to disabling[3][7][8] and decrease quality of life.[6][9][8][10][11][12][13][14][15]
Symptoms of MCS include headache, migraine, neurocognitive deficits, dizziness, fatigue, cardiac arrhythmia, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, gastrointestinal problems, nausea, vomiting, muscle and joint pain, skin rashes, hives, visual disturbances, seizures, and asthma.[3][7][16][8][9][17][18][19] And a 2010 review of MCS research said that the following symptoms, in this order, were the most reported in MCS: headache, fatigue, confusion, depression, shortness of breath, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea, dizziness, memory problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, respiratory symptoms.[20]
A 2017 review of MCS studies said: “MCS is a syndrome that progresses to increasingly serious stages, with the gradual onset of multiple pathlogies."[1]
What triggers multiple chemical sensitivity symptoms? Everyday personal care products, particularly fragranced products, are common triggers and their near-ubiquitous use makes many public spaces inaccessible to people with severe sensitivities.[21] To address this, fragrance-free policies are becoming more common, especially in healthcare settings. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control has been fragrance free since 2009.[22]
The following substances are common triggers for adverse symptoms people with MCS:
pesticides (insecticides and herbicides), biocides and fungicides
agricultural chemicals, notably fertilizers
mold and mycotoxins
synthetic fragrances and products containing fragrance (eg. fragranced deodorant)
laundry detergents and fabric softeners
cigarette smoke and woodfire smoke
petrochemical solvents and plastics
some building materials
preservatives, food colorings and additives (eg. tartrazine)
some medications and anesthetics
air pollution (eg. black carbon, nitrogen oxide, ozone)
natural essential oils.[1][3][7][5][9][23][16]:17[24][25]
How is multiple chemical sensitivity diagnosed
The 1999 international consensus on MCS is the most common diagnostic criteria for the condition. This consensus was published in The Archives of Environmental Health,[5] as the conclusion of a ten-year study by an international multidisciplinary team of 89 clinicians and researchers with different points of view about MCS.[3] They agreed that the clinical characteristics of MCS should be defined as follows:
a chronic condition,
with symptoms that recur reproducibly
in response to low levels of exposure
to multiple and unrelated chemicals,
which improve or resolve when triggers are removed, and
with symptoms which occur in multiple organ systems.[5][3][26]
The Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory (QEESI) is a diagnostic tool that is often used to assess a patient for these criteria.[3]
Research papers have concluded that knowledge and education about MCS among health professionals is lacking and that this commonly results in delays in the diagnosis and poor management of the condition.[14][7][8]
ME/CFS and multiple chemical sensitivity
MCS has been called a common comorbidity of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) by several consensus documents:[27][28][29]
The Canadian Consensus Criteria (2003) for diagnosing ME/CFS lists "new sensitivities to food, medications and/or chemicals" as a symptom and MCS as a comorbidity;
The International Consensus Criteria (2011) for diagnosing ME lists "sensitivities to food, medications, odors or chemicals" as a symptom and MCS as a comorbidity; and
A 2019 publication of the U.S. ME/CFS Clinician Coalition lists "chemical sensitivity" as a symptom of ME/CFS and MCS as a comorbidity.[30]
ME/CFS patients who also have MCS are more likely to face difficulties and complexities associated with accessing healthcare, supportive services and accommodation than those who don't. As well, if they have problems tolerating medications, this could complicate the management of their ME/CFS symptoms.
How do you treat multiple chemical sensitivity?
Is there a cure for multiple chemical sensitivity? At this time, there is no clinically proven cure. There is agreement that people with MCS need to avoid triggers to reduce symptoms and the likelihood of the condition worsening over time, which typically happens without avoidance.[1] Medical Oxygen has been shown to reduce the severity of reactions and temporarily improve tolerance in some people.[31][32]
There is no clinically proven cure for MCS.[8][33] There is also no scientific consensus on supportive therapies, "but the literature agrees on the need for patients with MCS to avoid the specific substances that trigger reactions for them and also on the avoidance of xenobiotics in general, to prevent further sensitization."[7][8][16][24][33]
A study, which surveyed more than 900 people with MCS about their experiences managing the condition, found that 95% of respondents thought that "creating a chemical-free living space and chemical avoidance" had been the best strategy out of any management or treatment option they had tried.[7][34]
There is also consensus that a multidisciplinary approach is required for adequately managing the health of someone with MCS.[6][33] Some studies suggest a special focus on correcting any nutritional deficiencies may be beneficial.[6][33][35]
There is evidence that some patients with MCS have poor tissue oxygenation when exposed to triggers,[32] likely because of oxidative stress or because neural inflammation has reduced blood flow.[32][36][37][38] Breathing medical oxygen following accidental chemical exposures is a suggested remedy for these patients.[32] The 2019 consensus and clinical guidelines on MCS said that people with MCS "must be guaranteed, according to their individual needs and level of disability" medical oxygen and the necessary equipment to use it (that is, tubing and a mask from non-triggering materials).[31]
The other aids the 2019 consensus said were necessary for patients with MCS to manage the functional impacts of their condition were: face masks (with HEPA and VOC filters), portable air purifiers for the home and for inside vehicles (made of metal, with HEPA and activated carbon filters) and water purifiers.[31]
In Australia in 2021 there will be an observational trial of MCS patients using Nimodipine, a calcium-channel blocker which has been used to treat light and sound sensitivities in people with certain types of brain hemorrhage.
Multiple chemical sensitivity and access
“A growing number of people report being affected by sensitivity to chemicals used in the building, maintenance and operation of premises," according to the Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. "This can mean that premises are effectively inaccessible to people with chemical sensitivity.”[39]
Various organisations and workplaces have policies which cite chemical or fragrance sensitivities as a disability access or occupational health and safety issue.[8][21][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] The most influential of these may be the indoor air quality policy of the the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which says:
"Scented or fragranced products are prohibited at all times in all interior space owned, rented, or leased by CDC;"[22]
"CDC encourages employees to be as fragrance-free as possible when they arrive in the workplace...Employees should avoid using scented detergents and fabric softeners on clothes worn to the office. Many fragrance-free personal care and laundry products are easily available and provide safer alternatives;" and
"Fragrance is not appropriate for a professional work environment, and the use of some products with fragrance may be detrimental to the health of workers with chemical sensitivities, allergies, asthma, and chronic headaches/migraines."[22]
Common ingredients in synthetic fragrance are recognized as irritants for a range of respiratory conditions.[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] The American Lung Association lists fragrance on their list of "indoor air pollutants" and recommends that healthy workplaces establish fragrance-free policies for employees and visitors."[21]:30 With this in mind, some have called for fragrance-free policies in hospitals and healthcare settings.
There is ancedotal evidence of people with MCS facing significantly higher levels of disability as a direct result of certain Covid-19 policies. This is said to be "due to greater exposure to disinfectants and fragranced products as well as increased barriers to essential needs such as food and healthcare."[67]
Hospitals with fragrance-free policies are common Canada and Sweden.[43][21][8][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] Canadian examples include:
Mount Sinai Hospital has a fragrance-free policy, which says the hospital "is committed to providing a safe and inclusive environment for all and will strive to eliminate the use of products with scents and fragrances to prevent any adverse reactions in patients, staff and other people working and/or visiting the hospital premises."[45]
Kingston General Hospital is fragrance free "for the safety and comfort of those with allergies and sensitivities," and its web site says "other items that you should not use or bring when you visit the hospital include: perfumes and colognes, scented fabric softeners, stain removers and laundry detergents, scented soaps and deodorant, scented shampoos and hair products, scented body powders and lotions."[46]
As well as fragrance-free policies, to prevent adverse reactions and improve health outcomes in hospital settings, patients with MCS often require adjustments in chemical use, medications and anesthetics.[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77]
Some states and regions have specific policies for the hospital care of patients with MCS. For example, in Australia, three states and a territory have detailed hospital policies for patients with MCS.[73][72][77][76] As well, some individual hospitals have their own policies for MCS patients.[78][79]
How common is multiple chemical sensitivity?
Multiple chemical sensitivity is not a rare disease. Some studies show it is increasing in prevalence.[9]
While prevalence rates for MCS vary according to the diagnostic criteria used,[2][80] the condition is reported across industrialized countries and the data suggests it affects women more than men.[1][8]:37[81][82][83][84][85][16]:2,39
The most extensive epidemiological study into MCS in the U.S. was in 2005.[2][86] It found that the national prevalence rate for MCS diagnosed by a doctor was 2.5% and self-reported MCS was 11.2%.[2][86][87]
In 2018, the same researchers reported that the prevalence rate of diagnosed MCS had increased by more than 300% and self-reported chemical sensitivity by more than 200% in the previous decade.[2][9] They found that 12.8% of those surveyed reported medically diagnosed MCS and 25.9% reported having chemical sensitivities.[2][9]
A 2014 study by the Canadian Ministry of Health estimated, based on its survey, that 0.9% of Canadian males and 3.3% of Canadian females had a diagnosis of MCS by a health professional.[8]:37[88]
In Denmark, the Ministry of the Environment estimated in 2004 that 10% of the population was sensitive to certain everyday chemicals and that 1% of the population had MCS to a level that was disabling.[89]
While a 2018 study at the University of Melbourne found that 6.5% of Australian adults reported having a medical diagnosis of MCS and that 18.9% reported having adverse reactions to multiple chemicals.[2][25][90][91] The study also found that for 55.4% of those with MCS, the symptoms triggered by chemical exposures could be disabling.[90][9]
These findings show that in the above countries MCS is not a rare disease.
What causes multiple chemical sensitivity?
In 2017, a Canadian government Task Force on Environmental Health said that there had been very little rigorous peer-reviewed research into MCS and almost a complete lack of funding for such research in North America.[8]:53 "Most recently," it said, "some peer-reviewed clinical research has emerged from centres in Italy, Denmark and Japan suggesting that there are fundamental neurobiologic, metabolic, and genetic susceptibility factors that underlie ES (Environmental Sensitivities)/MCS."[8]:53
The Italian consensus on MCS of 2019 said that the current consensus what is the cause of MCS is that it likely has multiple causes—chiefly biochemical and neuro-physiological and also causes related to the limbic system and perhaps also genetic predisposition.[92]
When speaking at an Australian federal parliamentary inquiry into environmental illness, in 2018, Dr Graeme Edwards, the inquiry's representative of Royal Australasian College of Physicians[93] said that there was "relatively good consensus" that causation was multifactorial. "There is no single causative factor," he said. "It is a combination of factors ... unless you have all the pieces of the puzzle lining up, you actually don't get the disease. And because we are talking about multi-dimensional triggers, any one individual, at any one point in time, may not have exposure to all of those triggers to get a pathological result. And therein lies the complexity."[94]:11
These recent statements suggest that earlier depictions of MCS as being either biologically or psychologically caused likely set up a false dichotomy or dilemma.
Toxicological
It has been hypothesized that MCS is caused by exposure to particular chemicals—most commonly certain pesticides.
Professor Martin L. Pall proposed that MCS had a toxicological and biochemical cause, and that "seven individual chemicals or chemical classes—organophosphorus/carbamate, organochloride and pyrethroid pesticides, organic solvents, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide and mercury/mercurial compounds—could initiate MCS through their ability to increase N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity."[4][95]
Is multiple chemical sensitivity caused by pesticides? Some MCS researchers think it often is. The most recent consensus paper on MCS (2019) said this hypothesis "had found broad consensus in the scientific community” and was compatible with previous hypotheses.[92]
Pall hypothesized that overactivity of the NMDA receptors, coupled with stress-related increases in nitric oxide and the oxidative product peroxynitrite (known as the NO/ONOO cycle) caused MCS symptoms and worsened the condition.[23][96] He suggested that hypersensitivity occurred because of limbic kindling, neural sensitization, and/or neurogenic inflammation—processes which could be driven by the NO/ONOO cycle.[95]
A 2019 scientific review said that while further research was required to confirm Pall's theory, that his hypothesis "had found broad consensus in the scientific community” and was compatible with previous hypotheses,[92] including Dr. Iris Bell's theory of neuronal sensitization[97][98] and William Meggs’ theory of neurogenic inflammation.[99]
It also said that Pall's theory may explain the comorbidity of MCS and other pathologies hypothesized to be related to the same mechanism, including fibromyalgia (FM) and ME/CFS, and that it might be why MCS symptoms tend to lessen after exposure to inhibitors and/or antagonists of NMDA receptors.[92]The review also said that "pesticides, including herbicides, insecticides and agricultural chemicals, are among the substances most commonly implicated in the activation of MCS cases in the United States."[100]
Pall's theory has also been used to explain why Gulf War veterans, particularly those who were exposed to organophosphate pesticides, have been found to be more likely to have MCS than the general population[101][23] as well as the fact that chemical sensitivities are a known symptom reported in Gulf war syndrome or post-deployment syndrome.[102][103][104]
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs concluded that "risk factors that may be associated with predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating chronic multi system illnesses [including MCS] among veterans" included chemical exposure, and notably chemical exposure in the Gulf War, where some military personel were exposed to nerve agents (like sarin and cyclosarine) and toxic smoke.[103]
Mold and mycotoxin exposures have also been hypothesized to trigger the onset of MCS.[105][106][107][94] Exposure to mold has already been associated with initiating inflammation and higher incidences of certain chronic conditions (like asthma), which are common symptoms of MCS.[108][93][109][110][111]
Mold illness and Gulf War Illness.
Many common symptoms of MCS are neurological[1][6][3] (for example, "dizziness, seizures, head pain, fainting, loss of coordination"[9]). And neurogenic inflammation and a central sensitization syndrome have been thought to be mechanisms involved in causing, perpetuating and worsening MCS.[3][97][98][99][112]
William Meggs said that neurogenic inflammation was a well-defined pathophysiological process, in which chemical irritants triggered nerve fibers to release inflammatory mediators, which led to disease. In a 2017 review, he said that with MCS, an initiating chemical exposure (commonly a respiratory irritant or pesticide) was usually identified in association with the onset of the disease.[99]
Iris Bell researched brain-wave patterns in people with MCS. He showed, in several studies using Electroencephalography (EEG), that people with MCS often had certain abnormal brain wave patterns.[92][113] For example, he found that women with MCS were more likely to have greater resting alpha waves than controls, which he said suggested the possibility of central nervous system hypo-activation.[114]
Multiple neuro-imaging studies have shown that people with MCS often have other neurological abnormalities, including abnormal cerebral perfusion patterns, especially in the autonomic nervous system areas.[92][115][116][117][118][119] These abnormalities have been documented both in studies using Positron emission tomography (PET) and Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans.[92][120][121]
In addition to people with MCS having documented neurological abnormalities, neuroplasticity is thought by some researchers to be an important mechanism in the disease. In 2018, a representative of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians said: “It could be a multiple chemical sensitivity phenomenon. It could be an irritable bowel phenomenon. It could be fibromyalgia... The common unifying features in all of these conditions is related to what we do know is happening, which is neuroplasticity in the nervous system. We know that, regardless of the initiating trigger—whether it was an overwhelming infection of a mould related organism or some other viral infection—it sets up, within the biological system called the nervous system, neuroplastic changes. They can be, and have been, documented by evidence based research. We can document that there are changes in the nervous system, and that change in the nervous system results in a change in the sensitivity and responsiveness of the human being.”[94]:12[93]
MCS is not an allergy, and subjects with MCS having adverse reactions do not routinely exhibit the immune markers associated with allergies.[20]:21 Nevertheless, certain immune irregularities have been identified in subjects with MCS in a range of studies.[1][92][20]:22
In the 1980s and 1990s, some researchers hypothesized that these immune irregularities suggested that MCS was caused by a chemically induced disturbance of the immune system, which resulted in chronic immune dysfunction.[20]:22[17] While others concluded that allergic or immunotoxicological reactions could be contributing factors in at least a subset of MCS patients.[20]:22[122][123] As more studies were conducted, however, some argued that there was no consistent pattern of immunological reactivity or abnormality in MCS.[20]:22[19][124]
More recently, a French study found that subjects with MCS had higher levels of histamine than controls.[92][125] It also identified damage to the blood-brain barrier in MCS subjects, the production of antibodies against myelin and evidence of inflammatory processes involving the limbic system and thalamus.[92][125] These findings led the research team to conclude that some level of immune activation was likely occurring in the condition.[92][125]
There is also evidence that subjects with MCS are more likely than controls to have real allergies[16]:16 and autoimmune diseases. And the 2019 consensus on MCS notes an association between the condition and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis and atopic eczema.[126][127][128][129]
It has also been hypothesized that multiple chemical sensitivity is a psychological disorder. Psychsomatic, psychiatric and psychological theories of MCS, however, have not been accepted by the most recent medical consensus document on MCS,[2] and the hypothesis that MCS has a psychological cause has attracted considerable criticism.[8][92][17][130][131][132][133][134]
The main arguments used to support the is that MCS has psychological causes have been:
there is no certainty about biological causes of MCS, therefore it must be psychological[135][136]
that nocebo responses may operate in MCS,[137] and
that people with MCS are more likely than controls to have anxiety, depression and the personality trait absorption.[138][139]
The 2019 Italian consensus on MCS concluded that the studies that hypothesize that the condition has a psychological cause "have been the object of strong criticism, both for methodological deficiencies as well as for the conflict of interests of the scientists who propose this thesis."[92] It said there was consensus that MCS reactions could cause psychiatric symptoms through biological processes (eg. neurogenic inflammation) and that symptoms of the condition should not be mistaken for the cause.[92] It also highlighted that "it was researchers at Johns Hopkins University who pointed out that it is ineffective to use personality tests such as MMP2 (i.e. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2) for the study of the pathogenesis of environmental diseases...concluding that the presence of psychological-psychiatric symptoms in patients with MCS was compatible with the objective limitations imposed by the disease, rather than being the cause."[92][131][134]
Other researchers have emphasized that the psychosocial impacts of the disease (especially isolation and stigmatization) are likely to have significant impacts on mental health.[8]:48[134][131][140][14][141][142] One study showed that anxiety and depression typically started in people with MCS post onset of the condition.[143]
The presence of nocebo responses in MCS does not indicate that it is the cause of the disease.[144] Nocebo responses are found in many biologically caused conditions,[145] including asthma, and they have been shown to be especially pronounced in neurological conditions (including migraine and chronic pain).[146]
It is noteworthy that psychological approaches to care in MCS patients have had “very limited success,”[8]:48 and that neither MCS, MCS/ES nor IEI have been included in any edition of the DSM (American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual[147]) nor have they been listed among somatoform disorders in the International Classification of Diseases.[148]
In Canada, in 2017, following a three-year government inquiry into environmental illness, it was recommended that a public statement be made by the health department dispelling the misperception that MCS/ES is psychological.[8]:17
The 2019 consensus on MCS said that the condition could, at least in part, be caused by genetic alterations affecting detoxification pathways—something which in combination with toxin exposures could make some people more vulnerable to developing MCS than the rest of the population.[92]
Recent Italian studies found that compared to controls, patients with MCS had higher levels of the nitrites and nitrates that are involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, including those that contribute to the oxidative damage of DNA.[92] They also found that the presence of the following genetic polymorphisms were more likely in people with MCS than controls: NOS3, NOS2 and GPX1.[92][149][150]
Other genetic markers known to affect detoxification pathways have been identified as being more common in subjects with MCS than controls,[92][149][150][151][152][153] including polymorphisms and differences in expression of the following: CYP2D6, MTHFR, NAT1, NAT2, GSTM1, and PON1 and PON2.[154][155][156]
These findings could support the hypothesis that MCS is caused by a synergy of environmental exposures to toxic substances and the impaired ability to metabolize toxic substances, due to factors related to genetic predisposition.[92]
In 1996, an expert panel at WHO/ICPS (International Classification for Patient Safety) was set up to examine MCS.[157] The panel:
"accepted the existence of a disease of unclear pathogenesis",
proposed that the disease was acquired, that its symptoms were "in close relationship to multiple environmental influences, which are well tolerated by the majority of the population," and that it "could not be explained by a known clinical or psychic disorder,"
suggested that the broader term "idiopathic environmental intolerances" (IEI) be adopted instead of MCS, to incorporate MCS and several other conditions under a single umbrella term.[157]
MCS is not included as a separate, discrete disease by the World Health Organization's (WHO) index of diseases (ICD-11). However, existing disease codes in the ICD-10 can be used for MCS, including:
J68.9: unspecified respiratory conditions due to inhalation of fumes, gas, and chemical vapors; and
T78.4: unspecified allergies (allergic reaction Nitrous Oxide System (NOS)-hypersensitivity NOS-idiosyncrasy NOS)."[1]:139
In the ICD-10-DM and ICD-10-SGB-V, Germany's adaptions of the ICD-10, multiple chemical sensitivity is recognized as a chemical hypersensitivity or intolerance (Chemical-Sensitivity[MCS]-Syndrom, Multiple-) under the code T78.4; this is also in use in Austria.[158][1] Japan also recognizes MCS as a separate disease.[1]:139[33][159] And in some countries, like Sweden, chemical sensitivities are classified as a form of sensory hyperreactivity (CSS-SHR).[9]
And as mentioned above, chemical sensitivities are recognized symptoms of ME/CFS. In 2018, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said that ME/CFS patients can have sensitivities to chemicals.[160]
In 1956, American allergist Dr. Theron G. Randolph coined the term "environmental illness," to describe symptoms and disorders he observed in some of his patients after they were exposed to various unrelated chemical compounds.[159][157]
Then in 1987, Dr. Mark R. Cullen, also an American allergist, introduced the term MCS in journals of occupational medicine. He proposed that MCS described: an acquired disorder, characterized by recurrent symptoms, affecting multiple organs and systems, which arose in response to a demonstrable exposure to chemicals, even for low doses, much lower than those causing reactions in the general population.[159][157]
Two years later, an international multidisciplinary team of 89 clinicians and researchers commenced a study into MCS, which culminated in the first real international consensus on the condition being agreed upon and published in The Archives of Environmental Health in 1999.[1][5]
In 1996, an expert panel of the World Health Organization/International Classification for Patient Safety (WHO/ICPS) accepted the existence of MCS as a health condition with a cause unknown, and suggested that it be called "idiopathic environmental intolerances"(IEI), a term that incorporates a number of conditions sharing similar symptoms.[157]
In May 2019, the Italian Workgroup on MCS, a group of physicians, research scientists and clinical staff, published a detailed, 30-page consensus paper called the Italian Consensus on MCS.[161] This document may be the most detailed scientific review of research about MCS to date. It goes into detail about ways the condition can be better managed in clinical environments, particularly in hospitals. The workgroup published their consensus in Italian and English, asking for input from MDs and other health professionals, biologists and chemists. At the time of writing, the response to the consensus had not been published.
MCS sufferers and the physicians treating them have been subject to campaigns aimed at undermining the veracity of the condition.[162] This has played out in academia and in the media—and, perhaps with the greatest impact on sufferers, on Wikipedia.[163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170] These efforts have created a perception that MCS is a controversial or disputed condition,[133][171] which is not supported by recent academic reviews of MCS research.[3][8][1][6][151]
Some say chemical industry interest groups have funded these efforts, and indeed some of the most vocal writers with anti-MCS stances have also been industry-paid expert witnesses in legal cases involving alleged chemical injuries.[172]
The blogs Quackwatch and Science-Based Medicine (SBM)—related blogs dominated by the same brand of skepticism—are two groups known to have repeatedly published criticism about MCS's recognition as a medical condition, claiming MCS was a "bogus", "fad" or "spurious" diagnosis.[166][173][174][175][176][177][178] Quackwatch's founder, retired psychiatrist Stephen Barrett, has personally written prolifically on the subject of MCS.[179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][174][171]
Important contexts for these efforts are that: (1) legal actions—including defamation suits in the U.S.—have alleged that Quackwatch and Barrett have been actively and knowingly promoting inaccurate information on a range of medical conditions on Wikipedia[189][190][191] (of note, in 2003, a California Appeals Court, for example, found Quackwatch's founder “to be biased and unworthy of credibility”[192][191]); and (2) in academia, a 2019 consensus on MCS concluded that the studies that hypothesized MCS was a psychogenic disorder had been the object of strong criticism, in part, for "the conflict of interests of the scientists who proposed this thesis."[92]
While those who have argued that MCS isn't real or is psychologically caused have undoubtedly successfully influenced popular perceptions about the condition,[193] their commentaries are at odds with: (1) the current medical consensus about MCS,[1][5][6][8][16]:31[2][94]:11 (2) conclusions of the most recent academic reviews of MCS research in scientific journals,[1][6] and (3) the recognition of the condition by the WHO/ICPS[157] and by other national and state health agencies, physicians' organizations and hospitals.[1][159][22][16]:17[33][35][74][69][75][73][77][94]:11[157][194][195][196]
Psychologization.
Is multiple chemical sensitivity a mental illness? This is a question some critics thought director Todd Haynes was posing in his 1995 film Safe. The film tells the story of Carol, who suddenly develops a mysterious and unexplained environmental illness, and receives little sympathy from her husband and community. But Haynes said that he used MCS as a metaphor for AIDS, and how AIDS sufferers in the 1980s were regarded and treated.[197] In the film he explores stigma, alienation and isolation.
Safe is a cult film, by writer and director Todd Haynes, known for its depiction of MCS as a profoundly alienating and destabilizing condition.[198]
Safe tells the story of Carol White, played by Julianne Moore, a homemaker in Los Angeles, who suddenly develops a range of unexplained symptoms following the renovation of her home. With severe symptoms, which doctors are unable to treat, and a largely indifferent and unsupportive community, Carol ultimately leaves her home and moves to a desert community for people with environmental illness.
“She is so excruciatingly alone,” Moore said of her character at the end of the film.[197] While Haynes said Carol’s isolation was both the answer and the problem for her.[198]
Early in the Corona virus pandemic, Carol's social isolation was compared to the psychosocial experiences of Covid-19 lockdowns[199].
Safe.
Afflicted docuseries (2018)
Netflix's 2018 documentary series Afflicted features several patients with MCS.
After its release, Afflicted was accused of misrepresenting patients with chronic illnesses, with several people who featured in the series suing Neflix for defamation.[163]
An open letter to Netflix, signed by over 40 doctors, medical professionals and patient advocates, accused the media-services provider and production company of presenting flawed medical and scientific information. It also said unethical journalistic methods were used in the making of the series and called for it to be taken off Netflix.[200]
Afflicted.
Notable studies and publications
1999, Multiple chemical sensitivity: a 1999 consensus[5] - (Full text)
2018, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Review of the State of the Art in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Future Perspectives - (Full text)
2018, Perspectives on multisensory perception disruption in idiopathic environmental intolerance: a systematic review[6] - (Abstract)
2019, Italian Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) -- Consensus Document and Guidelines on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS)[161] - (Full text - English)
Original title: Consenso Italiano sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS). Documento di consenso e linee guida sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS) del Gruppo di Studio Italiano sulla MCS - (Full text - Italian)
2016, Association of Odor Thresholds and Responses in Cerebral Blood Flow of the Prefrontal Area during Olfactory Stimulation in Patients with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity[201] - (Full text)
Mold illness
Development of new sensitivities
Psychologization
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity[26] (book chapter) - Malcolm Hooper
2010, Allergies and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[202] - Margaret Williams
2019, Italian Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (English translation)
Idiopathic environmental intolerance - MSD Manuals
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↑ 3.003.013.023.033.043.053.063.073.083.093.10 Grouppo di Italiano Studio MCS (May 23, 2019), "1. Sensibilitá Chimica Multipla (MCS): Definizione di Caso" [1. Clinical features of the disease], Consenso Italiano sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS). Documento di consenso e linee guida sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS) del Gruppo di Studio Italiano sulla MCS [Italian Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) -- Consensus Document and Guidelines on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) by the Italian Workgroup on MCS] (PDF), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
↑ 4.04.1 Grouppo di Italiano Studio MCS (May 23, 2019), "1.2 Scatenamento della MCS" [1.2 Triggering of MCS], Consenso Italiano sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS). Documento di consenso e linee guida sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS) del Gruppo di Studio Italiano sulla MCS [Italian Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) -- Consensus Document and Guidelines on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) by the Italian Workgroup on MCS] (PDF), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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↑ 17.017.117.2 Genuis, SJ; Ross, PM; Whysner, J; Covello, VT; Kuschner, M; Rifkind, AB; Sedler, MJ; Trichopoulos, D (May 2013). "Chemical sensitivity: pathophysiology or pathopsychology? Is multiple chemical sensitivity a mental illness?". Clinical Therapeutics (Review). 35 (5): 572–7. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.04.003. PMID 23642291. The emerging problem of ubiquitous adverse toxicant exposures in modern society has resulted in escalating numbers of individuals developing a CS disorder. As usual in medical history, iconoclastic ideas and emerging evidence regarding novel disease mechanisms, such as the pathogenesis of CS, have been met with controversy, resistance, and sluggish knowledge translation.
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↑ 32.032.132.232.3 Grouppo di Italiano Studio MCS (May 23, 2019), "4.5 Terapia con ossigeno e camera iperbarica" [4.5 Oxygen therapy and hyperbaric oxygen], Consenso Italiano sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS). Documento di consenso e linee guida sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS) del Gruppo di Studio Italiano sulla MCS [Italian Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) -- Consensus Document and Guidelines on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) by the Italian Workgroup on MCS] (PDF), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
↑ 33.033.133.233.333.433.5 Grouppo di Italiano Studio MCS (May 23, 2019), "4.1 "Innanzitutto, non nuocere": l'evitamento chimica ambientale" [4.1 "First, do no harm": environmental chemical avoidance], Consenso Italiano sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS). Documento di consenso e linee guida sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS) del Gruppo di Studio Italiano sulla MCS [Italian Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) -- Consensus Document and Guidelines on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) by the Italian Workgroup on MCS] (PDF), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy, 'Numerous legislative initiatives in the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan and Germany protect the right of MCS patients to work, education, safe housing and social participation through different protocols of environmental chemical avoidance...' [Translated from Italian]
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↑ Quansah, Reginald; Jaakkola, Maritta S.; Hugg, Timo T.; Heikkinen, Sirpa A M.; Jaakkola, Jouni J. K. (Nov 7, 2012). "Residential Dampness and Molds and the Risk of Developing Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLoS ONE. 7 (11): e47526. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047526. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3492391 . PMID 23144822.
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↑ 133.0133.1 Cunich, Simon. MCS--the condition that affects one million Australia SBS television. Sydney, Australia. Updated 14 Aug 2018. [ Is multiple chemical sensitivity real? / Is MCS real?] Prof. Anne Steinemann of Melbourne University: "MCS is a very real physical disease".
↑ 134.0134.1134.2 Davidoff, A. L.; Keyl, P. M. (May 1996). "Symptoms and health status in individuals with multiple chemical sensitivities syndrome from four reported sensitizing exposures and a general population comparison group". Archives of Environmental Health. 51 (3): 201–213. doi:10.1080/00039896.1996.9936017. ISSN 0003-9896. PMID 8687241.
↑ Gots, Ronald E. (Jan 1, 1995). "Editorial Commentary: Multiple Chemical Sensitivities–Public Policy". Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology. 33 (2): 111–113. doi:10.3109/15563659509000459. ISSN 0731-3810. PMID 7897748.
↑ Hainge, Kimberly (Fall 2003), "Multiple chemical sensitivity" (PDF), Pesticide Update, Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, XXI (1)
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↑ 10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70086-1 Witthöft M, Rist F, Bailer J (2008). "Evidence for a specific link between the personality trait of absorption and idiopathic environmental intolerance". J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A. 71 (11–12): 795–802. doi: 10.1080/15287390801985687. PMID 18569578
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↑ Gibson PR, Lindberg A. Physicians' perceptions and real practices regarding patient reports of multiple chemical sensitivity. ISRN Nurs 2011; 2011: 838930.
↑ "MCS and EI [Multiple Chemical Sensitivities and Environmental Illness]", The Counseling Center at CELA blog. "Is MCS a mental illness? MCS is not a mental illness." Accessed 18 Feb 2020.
↑ Lavergne, M. Ruth; Cole, Donald C.; Kerr, Kathleen; Marshall, Lynn M. (Feb 2010). "Functional impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and multiple chemical sensitivity". Canadian Family Physician. 56 (2): e57–e65. ISSN 0008-350X. PMC 2821254 . PMID 20154232.
↑ Caress, Stanley M; Steinemann, Anne C (Sep 1, 2003). "A review of a two-phase population study of multiple chemical sensitivities". Environmental Health Perspectives. 111 (12): 1490–1497. doi:10.1289/ehp.5940. PMC 1241652 . PMID 12948889. The study found that while 37.7% of respondents said that they experienced mental health symptoms after developing sensitivities; only 1.4% (n =1) said that they had had mental health problems prior to becoming sensitive, and 5.8% said they didn’t know whether they had had mental health problems prior.
↑ Brussels International Scientific Declaration on EHS and MCS (2015). Declaration from the 5th Paris Appeal Congress of 18 May 2015 at the Royal Academy of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium. "The nocebo effect is not a relevant nor a valid explanation when considering scientifically valuable blind provocation studies, since objective biological markers are detectable in patients as well as in animals."
↑ "The nocebo response", Harvard Health. Harvard Medical School blog, Mar 2014, retrieved Feb 12, 2020
↑ Bittar, Caroline; Nascimento, Osvaldo J. M. (Jan 2015). "Placebo and nocebo effects in the neurological practice". Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria. 73 (1): 58–63. doi:10.1590/0004-282X20140180. ISSN 1678-4227. PMID 25608129.
↑ American Psychiatric Association (May 15, 2014). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 978-0890425541.
↑ "Other somatoform disorders". 2020 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code F45.8
↑ 149.0149.1 De Luca C, Gugliandolo A, Calabro C, et al. Role of polymorphisms of inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in idiopathic environmental intolerances. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015: 245308.
↑ 150.0150.1 Gugliandolo A, Gangemi C, Calabro C, et al. Assessment of glutathione peroxidase-1 polymorphisms, oxidative stress and DNA damage in sensitivity-related illnesses. Life Sci 2016; 145: 27-33. 78.
↑ 151.0151.1 De Luca C, Raskovic D, Pacifico V, Thai JC, Korkina L. The search for reliable biomarkers of disease in multiple chemical sensitivity and other environmental intolerances. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011; 8(7): 2770-97.
↑ Caccamo D, Cesareo E, Mariani S, et al. Xenobiotic sensor- and metabolism related gene variants in environmental sensitivity-related illnesses: a survey on the Italian population. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2013; 2013: 831969.
↑ De Luca C, Thai JC, Raskovic D, et al. Metabolic and genetic screening of electromagnetic hypersensitive subjects as a feasible tool for diagnostics and intervention. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014: 924184.
↑ D’Attis, S; Massari, S; Mazzei, F; Maio, D; Bozzetti, MP; Vergallo, I; Mauro, S; Minelli, M (2019). "Assessment of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 Polymorphisms in Allergic Patients with Chemical Sensitivity". Int Arch Allergy Immunol. pp. 173–186. doi:10.1159/000497322. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
↑ McKeown-Eyssen G, Baines C, Cole DE, Riley N, Tyndale RF, Marshall L, Jazmaji V (2004). "Case-control study of genotypes in multiple chemical sensitivity: CYP2D6, NAT1, NAT2, PON1, PON2 and MTHFR". Psychosomatic Medicine. 33 (5): 971–8. doi:10.1093/ije/dyh251. PMID 15256524.
↑ Schnakenberg, Eckart; Fabig, Karl-Rainer; Stanulla, Martin; Strobl, Nils; Lustig, Michael; Fabig, Nathalie; Schloot, Werner (Feb 10, 2007). "A cross-sectional study of self-reported chemical-related sensitivity is associated with gene variants of drug-metabolizing enzymes". Environmental Health. 6 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-6-6. ISSN 1476-069X.
↑ 157.0157.1157.2157.3157.4157.5157.6 Schwenk, Michael (2004). "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) - Scientific and Public-Health Aspects". GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery. 3: Doc05. ISSN 1865-1011. PMC 3199799 . PMID 22073047.
↑ World Health Organization; DIMDI (2011). ICD-10-GM Version 2012 : internationale statistische Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme (in Deutsch) (2012 ed.). Deutscher Ärzteverlag. p. 184. ISBN 978-3-7691-3481-0.
↑ 159.0159.1159.2159.3 National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme; Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Health (2010). "2.5 Does MCS have a disease classification?". A Scientific Review of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Identifying Key Research Needs. Canberra, Australia. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-9807221-4-7. Archived from the original on Nov 2010. Recognition of MCS as a disease and disability...In Germany, MCS is included in the alphabetical index of the German version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10-SGB-V), first published in November 2000 by the German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI). At this stage, Austria has adopted the German ICD-10 for its use and therefore MCS is included also in the Austrian ICD-10
↑ Centers for Disease Control (Nov 19, 2019). "Symptoms of ME/CFS | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
↑ 161.0161.1 Grouppo di Italiano Studio MCS (May 23, 2019), Consenso Italiano sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS). Documento di consenso e linee guida sulla Sensibilita Chimica Multipla (MCS) del Gruppo di Studio Italiano sulla MCS [Italian Consensus on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) -- Consensus Document and Guidelines on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS) by the Italian Workgroup on MCS] (PDF), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
↑ Oreskes, Naomi; Conway, Erik M. (2011). Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Climate Change (2nd ed.). Bloomsbury.
↑ 163.0163.1 Netflix Sued For Defamation By 'Afflicted' Subjects Who Say Docuseries Painted Them As "Crazy Hypochondriacs". Deadline. Aug 17, 2019. Quote: "a salacious reality television program that questioned the existence of their chronic illnesses and portrayed Plaintiffs as lazy, crazy, hypochondriacs and/or malingerers who were deserving of scorn and who in fact have received scorn and abuse because of Defendants’ cruel and duplicitous actions.”
↑ Dusenberry, Maya. An open letter accuses Netflix's Afflicted of abandoning ethnics and science. PS Mag. 20 Sep 2018. quote=The Netflix series Afflicted promised compassion for sufferers of poorly understood chronic illnesses. Instead, it peddled the tired narrative that their suffering is "all in their heads...I joined a group of physicians, scientists, filmmakers, and writers—including Lena Dunham, Monica Lewinsky, and Mario Carpecchi, a Nobel Laureate in genetics—in signing an open letter to Netflix detailing many ethical missteps, scientific errors, and omissions evident in the series. Allowing Afflicted to remain on the widely watched platform, the letter states, 'will reinforce barriers to appropriate medical care...and add to the stigma and social isolation of an already profoundly marginalized group of people.'"]
↑ Talk page of Wikipedia's multiple chemical sensitivity page, retrieved Feb 12, 2020
↑ 166.0166.1 Gale, Richard; Null, Gary (Aug 2, 2018), "Can we trust Wikipedia and its medical skepticism?", Progressive Radio Network, retrieved Feb 12, 2020, This article will challenge a relatively recent group of Skeptics that identify themselves as the advocates of Science-Based Medicine (SBM), which is not to be confused with the widely accepted approach to decision-making in medical practice known as Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM).
↑ Wikipedia captured by skeptics Skeptics about skeptics blog. Accessed Feb 12, 2020. "Wikipedia currently is the area in which dogmatic skeptics are most successful and influential. One of these activist groups is called Guerrilla Skepticism on Wikipedia, founded by Susan Gerbic. Another leader of the online skeptical movement is Tim Farley, who runs the website Skeptical Software Tools...The Wikipedia skeptics work in teams (contrary to Wikipedia rules) and most are well trained."
↑ Skeptical About Skeptics, "Rampant Harassment on Wikipedia", Skeptical About Skeptics, retrieved Feb 12, 2020
↑ Bundrant, Mike (Apr 15, 2015), "Top 6 Things Wikipedia Health Editors Have Told Me Since Announcing the Book that Challenges Wiki Bias", WikiWarn blog, retrieved Feb 12, 2020
↑ Orthomolecular News Service (Sep 30, 2020), "The rise and fall of Wikipedia", Greenmedinfo blog, retrieved Feb 12, 2020
↑ 171.0171.1 Barrett, Stephen (Nov 23, 2016), "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Spurious Diagnosis", Quackwatch blog
↑ Arizona Centre for Advanced Medicine. Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS) Under Siege, Jun 26, 2013. Quote: "In 1990, the Chemical Manufacturers Association (now the American Chemistry Council) vowed to work to prevent the recognition of MCS out of concern for potential lost profits and increased liability if MCS were to become widely acknowledged (2). It specifically committed to work through physicians and medical associations to accomplish this, stating that it was critical to keep physicians from legitimizing MCS...The industry has enlisted the aid of vocal anti-MCS physicians who promote the myths that people with MCS are “hypochondriacs,” “hysterical,” “neurotic,” suffer from some other psychiatric disorder, belong to a “cult,” or just complain too much. Most of these physicians work for industry as high-paid expert witnesses although their financial ties are usually not disclosed in their journal articles, interviews, or speaking engagements. Therefore, many people, including those in the health care profession, are often led to believe that these physicians’ opinions reflect an honest appraisal of MCS rather than the chemical industry’s agenda. At least one industry expert witness has authored two anti-MCS position papers for prominent medical associations. It is easy to see why these papers are biased against MCS and how by helping to combat MCS in the courts, these position statements are quite lucrative for industry and expert witnesses alike."
↑ Lees-Haley, Paul R (Mar 10, 1998), "Propaganda techniques related to enviromental scares. This article was adapted from Lee-Haley PR. Manipulation of perception in mass tort litigation. 1997", Quackwatch blog
↑ 174.0174.1 Gavura, Scott (Jul 3, 2014), "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Separating facts from fiction", Science-based medicine blog, 'Does multiple chemical sensitivity exist?' The symptoms certainly do, but it’s less clear if they are due to “chemicals.”
↑ Lees-Haley, Paul R. (Dec 23, 2002), "Mold Neurotoxicity: Validity, Reliability and Baloney", Quackwatch blog
↑ "Multiple chemical sensitivity suffering is real, diagnosis isn't--Quackbusters"", Probe Newsletter (07-03), Jan 1, 1999
↑ Hall, Harriet, "Environmental Medicine – Not Your Average Specialty", Blog: Science-based medicine: Exploring issues and controversies in science and medicine, Rea is best known for his promotion of the concept of multiple chemcial sensitivity (MCS), a diagnosis not recognized by the scientific community
↑ MacBeth, Braden (Nov 26, 2018), Afflicted and the Tragedy of Fake Illnesses
↑ Barrett, Stephen (Oct 20, 2019), "Questionable Organizations: An Overview", Quackwatch blog, The American Academy of Environmental Medicine, which promotes "clinical ecology" and the bogus concept of multiple chemical sensitivity.
↑ Barrett, Stephen (Jan 16, 2019), "Vulnerability to Quackery", Quackwatch blog
↑ Barrett, Stephen (Nov 23, 2016), "Regulatory Actions against AAEM Members", Quackwatch blog, The American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM), which was founded by Theron Randolph in 1965 as the Society for Clinical Ecology...most AAEM members espouse dubious concepts of multiple chemical sensitivity, toxic mold...
↑ Barrett, Stephen (Jan 22, 2010), "The Bogus Connection between "MCS" and Porphyria", Quackwatch blog
↑ Barrett, Stephen, "MCS Proclamations", Quackwatch blog
↑ Barrett, Stephen; Gots, Ronald E, "Gulf War Syndrome", Quackwatch blog, Some sufferers claim to have multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)
↑ Barrett, Stephen (Oct 6, 2018), "Be Wary of "Fad" Diagnoses", Quackwatch blog
↑ Barrett, Stephen (Mar 28, 2019), "Index to "Fad" Diagnoses. What Is a "Fad" Diagnosis?", Quackwatch blog
↑ Barrett, Stephen (1998), "A Close Look at "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity"", Quackwatch blog
↑ Barrett, Stephen (Oct 16, 2000), "An Analysis of the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council Enforcement Subcommittee's Resolution #21 on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity", Quackwatch blog
↑ Amended complaint against WIKIPEDIA to the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Country of New York (PDF), Nov 24, 2009
↑ "Wikipedia » Skeptical About Skeptics", Skeptical About Skeptics, retrieved Feb 19, 2020
↑ 191.0191.1 Gale, Richard (Apr 1, 2019), "Stephen Barrett: Wikipedia's Agent Provocateur against natural medicine", Progressive Radio Network
↑ Stephen Barrett and Medical McCarthyism The Progressive Radio network blog. Accessed Feb 21, 2020]
↑ "Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS) Under Siege", Arizona Centre for Advanced Medicine, Jun 26, 2013
↑ Hu, Howard, Banes Cornelia (2018) “Recent insights into 3 underrecognized conditions: Myalgic encephalomyelitis–chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and environmental sensitivities–multiple chemical sensitivity” University of Toronto, Ontario. Canada Family Physician. 2018 Jun; 64(6): 413–415.; PMID: 29898928; PMCID: PMC5999262
↑ Michaels, Bob (2013), "Frequently asked questions about multiple chemical sensitivity" (PDF), Independent Living Research Utilization, Is MCS real -- or just a psychosomatic, boutique disability? Both MCS and EI are very real conditions...The Social Security Administration and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development recognize MCS as a disabling condition, as do numerous other government agencies and judicial bodies.
↑ 197.0197.1 "Todd Haynes and Julianne Moore on Safe". CriterionCollection, YouTube. Retrieved Oct 30, 2019.
↑ 198.0198.1 ""Todd Haynes Q&A | Safe", Retrospective of Todd Haynes films". YouTube. Nov 25, 2015. Retrieved Oct 30, 2019.
↑ Di Corpo, Ryan (Apr 11, 2020). "The 1995 film 'Safe' has new meaning during our coronavirus isolation". Retrieved Dec 31, 2020.
↑ "Open Letter to Netflix Regarding the "Afflicted" Docuseries". Sep 18, 2018.
↑ Azuma K, Uchiyama I, Tanigawa M, Bamba I, Azuma M, Takano H, et al. (Dec 9, 2016). "Association of Odor Thresholds and Responses in Cerebral Blood Flow of the Prefrontal Area during Olfactory Stimulation in Patients with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity". PLOS ONE. 11 (12): e0168006. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168006. ISSN 1932-6203.
↑ Williams, Margaret (Nov 10, 2010). "Allergies and Multiple Chemical Sensitivities in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" (PDF). margaretwilliams.me.
tachycardia - An unusually rapid heart beat. Can be caused by exercise or illness. A symptom of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). (Learn more: www.heart.org)
mycotoxin - "a poisonous substance produced by a fungus and especially a mold"
ME/CFS - An acronym that combines myalgic encephalomyelitis with chronic fatigue syndrome. Sometimes they are combined because people have trouble distinguishing one from the other. Sometimes they are combined because people see them as synonyms of each other.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a U.S. government agency dedicated to epidemiology and public health. It operates under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services.
adverse reaction - Any unintended or unwanted response to the treatment under investigation in a clinical trial.
central nervous system (CNS) - One of the two parts of the human nervous system, the other part being the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that travel from the central nervous system into the various organs and tissues of the body.
antibody - Antibodies or immunoglobulin refers to any of a large number of specific proteins produced by B cells that act against an antigen in an immune response.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - A psychiatric reference book published by the American Psychiatric Association, often referred to as "the psychiatrist's Bible". Although the most recent version (DSM-5) purports to be the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders, the editors of both previous versions of the manual have heavily criticized the current version due to the climate of secrecy that shrouded the development of the latest version. 69% of the people who worked on DSM-5 reported having ties to the pharmaceutical industry. Dr. Allen Frances, who headed the development of the previous version, warned of dangerous unintended consequences such as new false 'epidemics'. The British Psychological Society criticized DSM-5 diagnoses as "clearly based largely on social norms, with 'symptoms' that all rely on subjective judgements" and expressed a major concern that "clients and the general public are negatively affected by the continued and continuous medicalisation of their natural and normal responses to their experiences". A petition signed by over 13,000 mental health professionals stated that the lowered diagnostic thresholds in DSM-5, combined with entirely subjective criteria based on western social norms, would "lead to inappropriate medical treatment of vulnerable populations". The director of the US National Institute of Mental Health, Dr. Thomas R. Insel, pointed out that the diagnoses in DSM-5 had no scientific validity whatsoever. (Learn more: www.scientificamerican.com)
American Psychiatric Association (APA) - The main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. Not to be confused with the American Psychological Association (also APA).
somatic symptom disorder - A psychiatric term to describe an alleged condition whereby a person's thoughts somehow cause physical symptoms. The actual existence of such a condition is highly controversial, due to a lack of scientific evidence. It is related to other psychiatric terms, such as "psychosomatic", "neurasthenia", and "hysteria". Older terms include "somatization", "somatoform disorder", and "conversion disorder". Such terms refer to a scientifically-unsupported theory that claims that a wide range of physical symptoms can be created by the human mind, a theory which has been criticized as "mind over matter" parapsychology, a pseudoscience. Although "Somatic Symptom Disorder" is the term used by DSM-5, the term "Bodily Distress Disorder" has been proposed for ICD-11. (Learn more: www.psychologytoday.com)
World Health Organization (WHO) - "A specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations." The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is maintained by WHO. (Learn more: en.wikipedia.org)
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) - A system of medical diagnostic codes, created by the World Health Organization (WHO), to classify diseases and other health related conditions for the purpose of international diagnostic consistency. By having common diagnostic codes around the world, health researchers are better able to quantify and track disease burdens. The most current version is called ICD-11. (Learn more: www.who.int)
bias - Bias in research is "a systematic deviation of an observation from the true clinical state".
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) - A fatigue-based illness. The term CFS was invented invented by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control as an replacement for myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). Some view CFS as a neurological disease, others use the term for any unexplained long-term fatigue. Sometimes used as a the term as a synonym of myalgic encephalomyelitis, despite the different diagnostic criteria.
myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) - A disease often marked by neurological symptoms, but fatigue is sometimes a symptom as well. Some diagnostic criteria distinguish it from chronic fatigue syndrome, while other diagnostic criteria consider it to be a synonym for chronic fatigue syndrome. A defining characteristic of ME is post-exertional malaise (PEM), or post-exertional neuroimmune exhaustion (PENE), which is a notable exacerbation of symptoms brought on by small exertions. PEM can last for days or weeks. Symptoms can include cognitive impairments, muscle pain (myalgia), trouble remaining upright (orthostatic intolerance), sleep abnormalities, and gastro-intestinal impairments, among others. An estimated 25% of those suffering from ME are housebound or bedbound. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies ME as a neurological disease.
metabolite - A chemical compound produced by, or involved in, metabolism. The term is often used to refer to the degradation products of drugs in the body.
The information provided at this site is not intended to diagnose or treat any illness.
From MEpedia, a crowd-sourced encyclopedia of ME and CFS science and history.
Retrieved from "https://me-pedia.org/index.php?title=Multiple_chemical_sensitivity&oldid=86475"
Sensitivity signs and symptoms
Neurological signs and symptoms
Immune signs and symptoms
Potential comorbidities
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Hickenlooper calls an assault weapons ban a "hard sell"
219 posts • Page 6 of 11 • 1 ... 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ... 11
Re: Article Discussion: Hickenlooper calls an assault weapons ba
by formerunionmember on March 25th, 2013, 6:37 am #2943839
Hickenlooper has an employee who murders a Denver police officer, and a 30 year personal friend who's son (as evidence suggests) murders the Colorado Corrections head and possibly a pizza delivery man. Hickenlooper begins the process of taking firearms away from law abiding Colorado people. Quite dis-concerting.
formerunionmember
by grtwent on March 25th, 2013, 6:38 am #2943840
Actually, Governor, it's not a hard sell when the majority of Americans and Coloradans want it. Hopefully, the legislature is reading the polls and will have the fortitude to make the tough decision to pursue it since it's obvious that the Governor can't take any more heat for the smaller, but more vocal minority.
grtwent
MA R
MA's recent comments
Article Discussion: Hickenlooper calls Colorado assault weap
by thebear1 on March 25th, 2013, 7:07 am #2943887
I don't believe in banning assault weapons, but I do have to agree somewhat with one of the previous posters in that some people simply like them because it makes them feel like a big bad tough guy with power(same reason some idiots become person cops), others simply shoot them for sport and have no real ego associated with them.
Kinda like the guy who came in to the restaurant I worked at with his concealed carry tucked in the back of his pants, whom I told, he has to take the weapon back to his truck because this establishment does not allow them. The twit got all huffy and puffy and whined how he had the right to have it on him in the bar and I said "the hell you do" and I told him to call the police if he wanted verification of my position. As it turns out he did and the cops said if the establishment has a rule against them then he must follow the rule or they can refuse service. Anyway, long story short, he took the gun to his vehicle, which as it turned out, was a big ole truck jacked up to the hilt. It was hilarious to see how stereotypical this clown was. The truck and the concealed carry just confirmed everything about this guy with the inferiority complex. It was almost poetic.
thebear1
JB H
JB's recent comments
Joined: June 17th, 2008, 10:38 am
by cannonball200 on March 25th, 2013, 7:13 am #2943896
Hickenlooper recall petition on line, over 6000 signatures already..... The Denver Post has this fixed so you cannot just click and go to it, you will have to copy it and paste and it will pop up so you can sign it easily.
https://www.change.org/petitions/govern ... e_petition
You real Coloradan's need to recall this dude that is against our 2nd Amendment Rights and replace him.
cannonball200
Red's recent comments
Re: Article Discussion: Hickenlooper calls Colorado assault weap
by Viking Speaks on March 25th, 2013, 7:21 am #2943907
MansonMan wrote: At least the people in Grand Junction realize they're such lousy shots they need an assault rifle and 30 bullets to kill a deer or a human. And, as for the 2nd Amendment, America WILL destroy itself because of a 1st Amendment that says anything goes, and a 2nd Amendment that fosters a shooting revolution between good and bad.
1) When was the last murder by "assault weapon" in Grand Junction? Anwer: Never as there is no legal definition of a assualt weapon.
2) It is illegal and stupid to hunt deer with anything that fires that amount of rounds, as you could go to jail and it ruins the meat.
3) Your drivel you wrote here is because of the 1st Amendment.
4) As for the "good vs. bad revolution" huh....
Last edited by Viking Speaks on March 25th, 2013, 8:39 am, edited 1 time in total.
Viking Speaks
Dave B
Dave's recent comments
by Oldwest on March 25th, 2013, 7:32 am #2943923
"They believe their guns and the Second Amendment are part of American life." -And it appears that the Governor does not. Can anyone define an assault weapon? That's a politically charged name given to commonly owned semi-automatic rifles. So called "assault-weapons" are used in less than 4% of crimes involving firearms, they're somewhere way down the list of weapons used in crimes below baseball bats and knives. They didn't "sell" this recent gun control, they jammed it down our throats, ignoring the pleas of honest citizens. What was the original intent of the 2nd Amendment and Article II Sec. 3 of the Colorado Bill of Rights. Were the reasons for creating these freedoms valid? I know they were and still are.
Oldwest
by Mandy_R735 on March 25th, 2013, 7:37 am #2943932
atfcoach wrote:
icefire7 wrote: There used to be western democrats in Colorado. They have been usurped by progressive/statists to the chagrin of most Coloradans. As a libertarian, I will never vote for a statist, as I value freedom and unobtrusive government.
Had all the libertarians voted for the Republican candidate in their district in 2012 we wouldn't even be in this mess because your votes went to someone who had no chance of winning. Next time please vote Republican because with them your guns are safe and they have a good chance of winning. Too many times the Libertarians, a non-significant party, steal votes of from the Republican Party, and then they spend the next 2-6 years complaining about the Democrat in office.
While the GOP may support the 2nd Amendment, the party is full of statists who want to control my uterus, spend my hard-earned money (in fact, they want to spend just as much as the Dems), start unnecessary and never-ending wars, supercede the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th Amendments to the Constitution with legislation like the Patriot Act and the NDAA (again, the same as the Dems), and dictate who can marry whom. There are dozens upon dozens of reasons that most Libertarians want nothing to do with either the GOP or the Progressives.
Please don't tell others how to vote. You do what you choose with your vote, and I, along with all the other Libertarians, will do as I choose. The defeatist thinking that Republicrats are the only viable candidates is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Last edited by Mandy_R735 on March 25th, 2013, 7:55 am, edited 1 time in total.
When wrongs are pressed because it is believed they will be borne, resistance becomes morality. -Thomas Jefferson
Ron Paul r3VOLution
www.lp.org
Mandy_R735
Mandy R
Mandy's recent comments
by SansSerpens on March 25th, 2013, 7:41 am #2943938
Runnermike wrote:
User wrote:
enolagay wrote:
It is illegal to hunt in Colorado with a semi-auto rifle with a magazine that will hold more than 5 rounds. Also, it is illegal to hunt using the 223 Remington. Please educate yourself.
gun snatcher's ignorance and naivety knows no boundaries. they actually believe that new laws with misdemeanor convictions will stop a murderer already risking life in prison or worse.
gun rights advocates are equally delusional. They actually think a bogey man is coming for them, or they will be the hero in a modern day Wild West shootout.
No… The government doesn’t want to confiscate our guns... Gun rights advocates are just delusional… You blind, pompous… donkey!
“We're going to hammer guns on the anvil of relentless legislative strategy! We're going to beat guns into submission!”
Charles Schumer (b. 1950)
has sworn an oath to defend the U.S. Constitution
quoted on NBC, December 8, 1993
“If I could have banned them all...I would have!”
Diane Feinstein (b. 1933)
Gun owner with concealed carry permit
Statement on TV program 60 Minutes, Feb 5 1995
“If I could have gotten 51 votes in the Senate of the United States for an outright ban, picking up every one of them... 'Mr. and Mrs. America, turn 'em all in,' I would have done it.”
60 Minutes episode
“Banning guns addresses a fundamental right of all Americans to feel safe.”
“If I had my way, sporting guns would be strictly regulated, the rest would be confiscated.”
“We're here to tell the NRA their nightmare is true...”
quoted on NBC, November 30, 1993
"They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." - Benjamin Franklin
SansSerpens
by 5280BroncosFan on March 25th, 2013, 7:43 am #2943942
If you needed anymore evidence that Hick takes his cues from Washington, you need no more.
Right after Harry Reid nixed the assault weapons ban in the Senate bill, Hick suddenly backed off guns. Notice how the Dems, in Washington DC or Denver, have no bills regarding mental health, but jammed through these laws (without much thought) and ignored the damage they did to the state ( allowing $90m in tax revenue during a recession to leave). Any companies move to Colorado due to their new gun laws to replace the lost revenue? Nope. It gives the power drunk Dems more reasons to tax us when the state income is way lower next year. They restrict law abiding citizens and empower criminals. It's so ridiculous.
by 64 jeep on March 25th, 2013, 7:50 am #2943951
Hickenflopper sold us out!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
WASHINGTON, March 22 (Xinhua) -- The Obama administration will give states 20 million dollars to strengthen the national gun background check system, as part of the White House's gun control proposals, announced the Justice Department on Friday.
Dan J
Dan's recent comments
by ParadiseRoad on March 25th, 2013, 7:51 am #2943952
Utilityman wrote: I am so sick and tired of the over use of the term "assault weapon"! Assault is an action NOT an object!! This topic just needs to go away because the term is incorrect and the fact that any type of these firearms will NEVER be banned.
...the lib/pro/coms will ban anything with the word assault in it...if they push it through fast enough...probably even A SALT SHAKER...of course if a person with intent to assault puts A SALT SHAKER in their fist and assaults someone with it...it becomes an assault weapon...doesn't it...
“Good people sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.”
...what are you going to do when all the "rough men" are gone?...hit the miscreants with your purse?...
ParadiseRoad
Paradise's recent comments
dchris wrote:
Bingo. Same for the so-called "independents" who vote for people like Hickenlooper, thinking he's a "moderate", while completely not understanding party trumps person. Hick demonstrated this principle beautifully with the signing of these bills....despite any claims of centrist or moderate, at the end of the day he's a Democrat and will vote the Dem agenda.
Well, THIS Libertarian understood that any vote NOT for a Republican was (in effect) a vote for a Democrat. I agree that too many times, people let principal get ahead of fact. It’s often that case that voting is like voting for the lesser of two evils, but anyone who doesn’t like the way things are going in Colorado or the U.S. today needs to ask themselves who they voted for (or didn’t vote for) and why. Was it worth it? If Republicans who identity as Evangelicals could have gotten past Romney’s faith and voted for him instead of staying at home, a lot of things could be different (for the better) right now.
Sure, Hick is a "nice guy," but at the end of the day, he is a Democrat and will tow the party line being pulled by the KoolAid drinkers from the Left Coast.
by GranPrix on March 25th, 2013, 8:06 am #2943983
Hey Hick,
Did the size of 'Evan's magazine have anything to do with "turning him into a killing machine?"
by srreality on March 25th, 2013, 8:13 am #2943993
This is an issue than transcends "party". Gun ownership is part of the fabric of America, like it or not, and protected by the 2nd amendment. Times have changed to be sure, there's a lot more rats in this cage than in the 18th century and weaponry has advanced far beyond what the founding fathers dealt with. Therefore, laws have to change/evolve to match that reality.
The problem is, today's politicians from either party can't be trusted to use common sense, speak honestly, stand on their principles and explain that to the rest of us. As a gun owner, I realize "something has to be done" about gun violence, but I don't trust our elected officials (from either party) to do something reasonable and objective. Dealing with the real root causes of increased gun violence in an armed society is not quick and easy, which doesn't fit well with a politician's desire to get reelected, stay in power and satisfy the rich and powerful. The fundamental divide in the populace appears to be between those trust (and want) the government to solve social issues and those who don't. I'm in the latter camp. If you are against guns, then don't have one. If you favor guns, then be responsible, safe, disciplined and don't misuse them.
srreality
Tom C
Joined: December 31st, 2008, 10:38 am
http://www.denverpost.com/breakingnews/ ... source=pkg
That was when Hick was concerned about the size of clips, "turning people into killing machines." So when family friend 'Evan' turns into a killing machine was it the size of the clip, or the other factors. Maybe liberalism has merely gone awry?
by NJDruid on March 25th, 2013, 8:24 am #2944008
Hickenlooper is a AH and has sealed his own fate when he signed the gun control legislation. Like the rest of the democratic sheepies, he had to tow the party line. One day he'll recognize that it was a big mistake to screw with the 2nd amendment.
NJDruid
Andrew's recent comments
While the Department of Homeland Security continues to ignore members of Congress demanding to know why the federal agency is engaged in an apparent arms build-up, the DHS has just announced it plans to purchase another 360,000 rounds of hollow point ammunition to add to the over 2 billion bullets already bought over the past year.
Even Congress can't rein them in and they are refusing to answer Congressional inquiries.
These are Hollow Point bullets that DHS is buying. They are bad for practice and, they are illegal to use in a war or conflict. So, DHS, without any oversight or control, continues to purchase ammunition that is illegal for them to even use.
Finally, the ONLY people DHS is authorized by law to shoot at are Americans on American Soil. They are NOT a part of the military.
Last edited by BillTheCatz on March 25th, 2013, 8:52 am, edited 2 times in total.
by swen swenson on March 25th, 2013, 8:32 am #2944021
From the article: "I think the feeling right now around assault weapons, at least in Colorado, is that they're so hard to define what an assault weapon is," Hickenlooper said.
No, it's not difficult to define what a genuine assault weapon is. The military defines an assault weapon as a light-weight, low-recoil, medium caliber rifle capable of effective selective (semi-and full-automatic) fire. Such selective fire weapons have been nearly unobtainable by civilians since 1934.
The problem arises when our politicians, in their ignorance of firearms, try to redefine an "assault weapon" by eliminating the essential characteristic of being selective fire and instead referencing features like barrel shrouds, bayonet lugs, flash suppressors, pistol grips, adjustable stocks and such which are entirely cosmetic. They might as well have defined "asault weapon" as "any scary-looking black gun".
The "assault weapons" ban that was in effect from 1994 to 2004 failed precisely because it was child's play for the manufacturers to remove the barrel shroud, bayonet lug and flash suppressor, and replace the pistol grip/adjustable stock with a fixed thumb-hole stock. Voila! The function of the rifle wasn't changed in the least, but it no longer fit the politicians' definition of an "assault weapon".
What the gun control advocates really wanted to do was ban all semi-automatic firearms that accept a removable magazine, but they knew that would never fly, so instead they got wound up over meaningless and entirely cosmetic features. If they reinstitute an "assault weapons" ban I'd expect it to be just as ineffectual as the last ban. I can understand why this is frustrating to Hickenlooper and his ilk, but they have a choice, either continue to support feel-good but ineffectual laws, or man-up and show us where they really stand by attempting to outlaw all semi-autos. Good luck with that.
swen swenson
Anthony Swenson
Anthony's recent comments
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Exhibition showcases 'Indigenous Beauty' of Native American art
By Leslie King | Emory Report | Oct. 8, 2015
Rebecca Stone, the Carlos Museum's faculty curator of Art of the Americas, directs the installation of a man’s shirt from the Apsa’alooke (Crow) of Montana, circa 1874, assisted by art handler Mike Gokey (left) and Joseph Gargasz, director of exhibition design. Emory Photo/Video
Carlos Museum
Indigenous Beauty: Masterworks of American Indian Art from the Diker Collection
Arts and Culture, Community, Events, Carlos Museum, Emory in Atlanta, Teaching, Emory College
'Indigenous Beauty' in the classroom
As Emory hosts the "Indigenous Beauty" exhibit, art history students will get in-depth exposure to both the artwork and the experts who can help them understand and contextualize it.
For the fall semester, the Art History 485 seminar taught by Rebecca Stone, professor of art history and faculty curator of Art of the Americas, focuses on "Indigenous Beauty." Students are learning about each of the represented regions, with specific concentration on selected works in the exhibit.
In addition to conducting their own individual research and class presentations on items in the exhibit, they will have the opportunity to learn from guest scholars and engage directly with one of the artists.
“We are delighted that all of the visiting art historians who are coming to lecture will also be meeting with Emory students in the class that Rebecca Stone has developed around the exhibition," says Elizabeth Hornor, the Marguerite Colville Ingram Director of Education at the Carlos Museum.
"Renowned Santa Clara pueblo artist Tammy Garcia will introduce those same students to working with clay,” Hornor notes.
A major exhibition of Native American artwork, “Indigenous Beauty: Masterworks of American Indian Art from the Diker Collection,” opens at the Michael C. Carlos Museum on Saturday, Oct. 10.
The exhibit debuts at the Carlos Museum following showings in Seattle and Fort Worth, and will be on view through Jan. 3. It is described as providing rare access to many exquisite works from one of the most comprehensive and diverse collections of privately-owned Native American art. Some of the objects have never been seen before in public.
Not confined to one or even a few regions, the exhibition of 118 masterworks presents objects draws from a variety of cultures of North American indigenous peoples.
“When this exhibition, ‘Indigenous Beauty,’ was offered, we jumped at the chance to showcase so much more than we could on our own,” says Rebecca Stone, Emory's faculty curator of Art of the Americas, who as site curator is adapting the traveling exhibition to the venue here.
“The high quality and the great diversity of the Diker collection make this the perfect show for Emory, as a great introduction to the artistry of indigenous people from all regions: the Arctic, Northwest Coast, California/Great Basin, the Southwest, the Plains, and the Eastern Woodlands," she explains.
Stone describes how the entire third floor of the Carlos Museum is filled with the bright colors, intricate details and strong silhouettes of painted hides, beadwork, plant-fiber baskets, wooden bowls and masks, and other items.
“There are shaman’s amulets and headdresses, an eight-foot wide cloth painted with the Battle of Little Big Horn, and two contemporary glass pieces, to mention just a few of the treasures that will be on view,” she says.
Also included will be sculpture and sculptural objects, ancient ivories, masks, regalia, pottery and more.
Learning through ‘Indigenous Beauty’
As the Carlos Museum hosts "Indigenous Beauty," the museum seeks to extend opportunities for learning through a variety of programs designed to complement the exhibition.
Upcoming programs include the following:
• Gallery talk: On Wednesday, Oct. 14, at 7:30 p.m., Stone and Assistant Curator Laura Wingfield will lead visitors through the exhibition. Registration is required.
This jar by Tammy Garcia, regarded as the foremost Native American potter working today, is one of the 118 works included in "Indigenous Beauty." Garcia will present the Nix Mann Endowed Lecture at Emory on Oct. 18.
• AntiquiTEA: These popular events, which feature tea and scones along with the presentations, will focus on "Indigenous Beauty" for the next two months. All are held at 4 p.m. in the Reception Hall of the Carlos Museum.
On Thursday, Oct. 15, Wingfield will discuss the gun/war club, obtained and adapted from the Europeans, as both a work of art and a political statement for many Native American groups. On Thursday, Nov. 12, Stone provides perspective on the tension between viewing Native American objects as commodities, thus making them acceptable to display, or as containing spirits with roles secret to anyone but initiates.
• Nix-Mann Endowed Lecture: This year's lecture features Tammy Garcia, regarded as one of the foremost Native American potters working today. It will be Sunday, Oct. 18, at 4 p.m. in the Carlos Museum Reception Hall. Garcia, who comes from a dynasty of female potters from the Santa Clara Pueblo in New Mexico, will discuss her work in line with her heritage and cultural identity as well as new avenues of artistic expression she has discovered in bronze and glass.
• Cooking class: Cakes & Ale Chef Billy Allin will highlight the “Three Sisters,” known in many Native American cultures as corn, beans and squash, on Monday, Nov. 2, at 7:30 p.m. The chef will demonstrate his creative approach to tasty and healthy dishes using these staples of the Native American diet.
Lectures take regional view
Objects displayed in the "Indigenous Beauty" exhibit are not limited to one region of North America, so Carlos Museum curators also took a broad geographical view when planning lectures related to the exhibition.
Four “Indigenous Beauty” lectures are scheduled. All will be at 7:30 p.m. in the Carlos Museum Reception Hall and all are free and open to the public.
• “Trade and Transformation in American Indian Arts of Eastern North America”: David Penney, curator of the “Indigenous Beauty” exhibit, will speak on Tuesday, Oct. 20, examining innovative techniques and art styles in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Penney is also associate director of museum scholarship at the National Museum of the American Indian, part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
• “The Plains Indians—Artists of Earth and Sky”: This lecture on Tuesday, Oct. 27, features Gaylord Torrence, senior curator of American Indian Art at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Mo., discussing the Plains artists’ wide range of utilitarian and ceremonial art from before European contact to today.
• “The War the Slaveholders Won: Indian Removal and the State of Georgia”: On Tuesday, Nov. 10, Claudio Saunt, Richard B. Russell Professor in American History and associate director of the Institute of Native American Studies at the University of Georgia, explores the state’s central role in Indian Removal, when the United States expelled 100,000 people from the Southeast in the 1830s.
• “Art and Ritual Process among Northern North Coast First Nations”: This lecture on Tuesday, Nov. 17, looks at visual arts forms of ceremonial attire such as masks and headdresses and the role and revitalization of clan art. Barbara Brotherton, curator of Native American Art at the Seattle Museum of Art, will focus on the northern Northwest Coast people of southeast Alaska and British Columbia.
Community-driven research
The Carlos Museum also seeks to use the traveling exhibit "Indigenous Beauty" to highlight ongoing scholarship on Native American culture and history underway in Georgia. Renowned scholars will discuss their community-driven research on Sunday, Nov. 1, at 2 p.m. in the Carlos Reception Hall.
LeAnne Howe, Eidson Distinguished Professor in American Literature at the University of Georgia, will talk about duration, a concept she explores in her novels and her scholarship, from ways in which Southeastern Indians used it to physically shape the Southeast to ways in which it connects a Choctaw creation story to Atul Gawande’s work in health systems innovation.
"My work suggests that duration is one of the core principles that has sustained Southeastern Indians long before our removal from these lands in the 1830s and beyond," Howe says.
Jace Weaver, Franklin Professor of Native American Studies and the director of the Institute of Native American Studies at the University of Georgia, will discuss his new book, “The Red Atlantic: American Indigenes and the Making of the Modern World, 1000–1927,” and his ongoing community work with the Cherokee Nation.
There will also be Carlos Reads book clubs for adults and teens.
“Susan Power's ‘Sacred Wilderness’ and Deborah Miranda's “Bad Indians” both draw explicit attention to Native American art and artifacts, and they raise important questions regarding the treatment of those objects by individuals as well as institutions,” says Mandy Suhr-Sytsma, lecturer in the English department.
Suhr-Sytsma, who is also director of the Emory Writing Center, and Levin Arnsberger, assistant director for academic support in Emory College, will lead the reading sessions.
“We are thrilled to be able to draw on the rich faculty resources of Emory and of the Native American Studies program at the University of Georgia to further contextualize Native American culture through discussions of literature, the role of Georgia in the Indian Removal policies of the U.S. government, and other topics that should be of great interest," says Elizabeth Hornor, the Marguerite Colville Ingram Director of Education at the Carlos Museum.
“Indigenous Beauty” is organized by the American Federation of Arts and made possible by the generosity of an anonymous donor, the JFM Foundation and Mrs. Donald Cox. Support from the Thalia N. Carlos and Chris M. Carlos Foundation and the Thalia and Michael C. Carlos Foundation has made possible the exhibition in Atlanta.
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SELAC Commended by Congresswoman Linda T. Sanchez
The SELAC Foundation, created by Nicholas Aquino, is commended by Congresswoman Linda T. Sanchez on August 20, 2009.
Read More» Posted by Webmaster | 0 comments
Cushioning the Ride: “Speed cushions” to target speedy drivers
Christian Smith sheepishly admits he’s gotten a ticket for speeding on Rivera Road, the east-west street that runs in front of his house and the 600-student Los Nietos Middle School.
That’s because for years, Rivera Road has offered motorists a tempting shortcut between Norwalk and Pioneer boulevards an easy way to avoid the heavy traffic on nearby Slauson Avenue.
But school officials say a new set of “speed cushions” being installed now along Rivera Road – along with more 25 mph speed-limit signs and school-cluster signs to remind drivers of the school up ahead should help curb some of those problems. And the road has also been designated as a radar route, county officials said.
“This street was obviously a danger for kids,” said Smith, 37, who lives across from Los Nietos Middle. “l had kind of hoped the bumps would run all the way across the street, instead ofjust in sections. But I think it’s about time something was done.”
The $25,000 trafñc-calming project marked the end of a years-long effort by the Los Nietos School District and Los Angeles County Supervisor Gloria Mo|ina’s office. It comes about a year after the two initially collaborated to install speed cushions – which are wider and more subtle than typical speed bumps – on the street in front of Aeolian Elementary School.
To view this article, please click on the article previewed above to zoom in.
Posted by Webmaster | 0 comments
Los Nietos Sheds Underperforming Label
Labeled as underperforming according to federal standards for more than a half-dozen years, Los Nietos Middle School is now enjoying a completely different designation – just in time for the district’s 150th anniversary celebration. Officials say the 400-student campus is the only middle school in Los Angeles County that managed this school year to exit Program Improvement, a status placed on schools that fail to meet annual federal testing targets for two consecutive years.
Establishment of SELAC Foundation
When he began serving on the board of the Los Nietos School District, Nicholas Aquino quickly came to the realization that money and schools didn’t necessarily go hand-in-hand. As a matter of fact, Aquino, 52, noticed there was “never enough money to do special projects, whether it was classroom or school or district projects.
“There was just not enough money.”
So, like board members at many local school districts, Aquino started researching educational foundations and discovered a much better way to help raise money for all local students. He established the South East Los Angeles County Educational Foundation (SELAC Foundation), a nonprofit group that aims to funnel extra money to all schools in Southeast Los Angeles County for special programs, projects and college scholarships.
Los Nietos School District’s 150th Celebration!
On May 21, 2011, the former “Los Nietos School” welcomed back former students and staff as part of the Los Nietos School District’s 150th Anniversary celebration. Hosted by Los Nietos Middle School Principal, Jacqueline Cardenas, and the Los Nietos Middle School Staff and PTC Parents, the event raised close to $9,000.00 for the school and demonstrated the love that the Los Nietos Community has for their alma mater.
Thanks to your continued support and contributions, Nicholas was re-elected to office in September 2011. He will be serving his third term as President of the Los Nietos School Board for the 2011-2012 school year!
Los Nietos School District: 150th Celebration
© 2012 Committee to Re-elect Nicholas Aquino for Los Nietos School Board.
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Photo Credit: Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Cetaceans & citizen science in the North
👤Caitlin Birdsall 🕔Aug 04, 2014
Phooooouuuuuuughhhhhht.
A humpback whale exhales. Its loud breath is accompanied by a near-simultaneous shriek from two young girls watching from the upper deck of Prince Rupert Adventure Tours’ wildlife-watching vessel the MV Inside Passage. While more subdued than the youngsters, several adults also let out an audible gasp as the school-bus-sized animal surfaces again. After four breaths, the whale arches its behemoth back and its huge tail rises out of the water as it slips beneath the surface of Chatham Sound. The entire boat lets out a collective, awed sigh.
What is it about cetaceans (the collective term for whales, dolphins and porpoises) that is so captivating to humans? In Prince Rupert, there are no fewer than five buildings decorated with giant whale murals, a grey whale statue standing proudly at the waterfront and numerous shops selling souvenirs festooned with whale images.
John Ford, who has been studying whales since the 1970s and is now head of Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s Pacific Cetacean Research Program, answers with a laugh: “They’re big?”
He elaborates: “When you first see a big whale you can’t help but be impressed. You know you’re just seeing the tip of the iceberg and when you’re close enough to hear their echoing breath—that hollow-cave sound—you just know that these are huge animals. They have inherent mystery to them.”
Counting for conservation
North coast citizens and mariners are being asked to take this fascination and turn it into useful data. While immensely popular, there are many questions still to be answered about the icons of the sea, especially on the less-inhabited, less-frequently-studied north coast.
For more than a decade, the Vancouver Aquarium, in collaboration with DFO, has coordinated the BC Cetacean Sightings Network. The program engages a wide variety of coastal residents, recreational boaters, professional mariners and others to act as citizen scientists by reporting their sightings of whales, dolphins, porpoises and sea turtles throughout BC.
While observers from across the coast have contributed over the years (compiling nearly 80,000 records), the majority of participation and data comes from the south coast. To rectify this data gap in the North, in early 2014 the Vancouver Aquarium established its North Coast Field Office to, among other things, encourage increased participation in the Sightings Network.
“The data we collect through the Sightings Network allow researchers to better understand the distribution and occurrence of cetaceans,” BC Cetacean Sightings Network coordinator Tessa Danelesko explains. “Eleven cetacean populations found in BC are listed at-risk under Canada’s Species at Risk Act. Knowledge of when and where they spend time is key to better protect and manage these populations. We want to make sure we are collecting data from everywhere on the coast, including the North.”
The north coast is a special area for cetaceans. Seventeen species have been recorded in these waters, including some that have teetered on the brink of extinction. Many large whale species were heavily hunted throughout the North Pacific well into the 20th century. Some species have rebounded well. According to Ford, in the North “the density of large whales—fin whales, humpback whales particularly—is greater than anywhere else on the coast.”
Other species have not rebounded, but this area offers a small glimmer of hope. Last year, for the first time in 62 years, a North Pacific right whale was spotted off the west coast of Haida Gwaii. Scientists estimate there are fewer than 50 of these animals left in the entire world. While Ford warns that this sighting may have been a mere coincidence, it is still some cause for cautious optimism: “I like to think it’s a sign that there is some hope for them.”
Born in the North
While the BC Cetacean Sightings Network’s head office is at the Vancouver Aquarium and its new satellite office is in Prince Rupert, this program actually has its roots in Haida Gwaii. In the early ’90s, Ford, then working for the aquarium, was commissioned by Parks Canada to conduct a cetacean species inventory in what is now Gwaii Haanas. On top of doing fieldwork, he recruited marine wildlife viewing tour operators to begin recording and reporting their sightings.
“We recognized that this approach could yield good data and we expanded the program to include more of the coast,” Ford explains. Thus, the BCCSN and its citizen science approach were born.
Citizen science is defined as “projects in which volunteers partner with scientists to answer real-world questions” by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, which runs some of the largest and most successful citizen science projects in the world. By using the extensive numbers, experience and geographical range of citizens, scientists can tap into a wealth of information. To date, over 4,000 people have reported sightings to the network.
Renata Neftin is one of these observers. She works as a relief lighthouse keeper throughout the coast, most often in the North near her Prince Rupert home. Since 2009, she has submitted cetacean sightings from her vantage point on the lights. In the North, she mainly sees humpback whales; just because they are common, doesn’t mean they aren’t exciting to observe.
“One of the more fascinating moments happened at Triple Island, where I was able to watch eight, yes, eight humpback whales bubble netting together,” Neftin says, describing a behaviour commonly observed only in BC’s northern waters. “It is an incredible feat of cooperation and teamwork for eight whales to make a bubble net together and coordinate their timing to scoop up whatever they were feeding on.”
At a time when funding for scientific research is tight, citizen science offers a cost-effective and wide-reaching way of collecting large amounts of data.
“It’s also a way to engage people in the scientific process and get them involved,” Danelesko explains. “By being involved, they become invested and interested in the species they are recording. Our observers are not only the eyes and ears of the coast, but they also become stewards.”
Marty and Mae Jong Bowles are two of these citizen scientist stewards. Eight years ago they purchased their 30-foot sailboat Wild Abandon. Their passion for adventure and exploring the coast led them to become observers for the BCCSN.
“When we heard about the project, we knew we had to get a logbook,” Mae recounts. “When we are out on the water, we’re so lucky to see so much. We know how important it is to document what’s out there, to show the importance of an area and ecosystem.”
In four years, they’ve recorded 250 sightings for the program.
Discoveries and recoveries
The time is right to learn as much as possible about the whales that make this region home. Improving baseline knowledge and monitoring can only bode well for cetaceans in the face of increased industry for the region.
“This data helps us understand where the hot spots are,” Ford explains. The sightings can be used to better pinpoint areas of critical habitat or regions that require more study. For example, scientists only recently discovered that nearly all 20,000 grey whales that migrate through BC to the Bering Sea pass through Hecate Strait and not the west side of Haida Gwaii as previously thought. “Understanding patterns such as these is important for understanding how human activities may affect whales.
“Whales have survived a lot of abuse by humans,” he adds. “They are icons for a lot of the wrongs we’ve done to oceanic animals. They are survivors. I think people are happy they’re there, that they’ve come back.”
Now, north coasters are being encouraged more than ever to contribute their observations to better understand these intriguing creatures.
Contribute sightings to the BC Cetacean Sightings Network online at wildwhales.org, toll-free at 866-I SAW ONE or via email, sightings@vanaqua.org. Logbooks are available upon request.
Winter Cities: Designing communities for whatever way the wind blows
Whoever built my former house did not know or understand the direction of the prevailing wind or how drifts are formed.
Melissa Sawatsky's devastingly honest personal essay
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Orange Shirt Kid is the latest viral dancer to sue Epic
Posted By : Andrew Thomas/
Rachel McCumbers v. Epic Games, Inc. et al
United States District Court for the Central District of California
Filed January 11, 2019, CACD-2-19-cv-00260
Yet another person has filed a lawsuit against Epic Games over a dance emote in Fortnite, this time the mother on behalf of the child known as “Orange Shirt Kid.” This is the fourth lawsuit filed against Epic claiming a Fortnite dance emote constitutes infringement. You can read our earlier coverage here. The same law firm that filed the previous lawsuits also filed this new complaint. However, there are a few key differences between the Orange Shirt Kid’s case and the other cases.
A significant difference is the fact that Orange Shirt Kid submitted his dance, the Random, to a contest run by Epic, specifically for inclusion in the game. Epic held the BoogieDown contest in March 2018, in which Epic would select a player submitted dance routine to put into Fortnite. One of the rules for the competition is a contestant grants Epic a royalty-free, perpetual, and irrevocable license to use the dance routine. Orange Shirt Kid submitted his dance to the contest, but Epic did not select his dance . One possible reason Epic did not select Orange Shirt Kid’s dance is because he was a minor at the time and the contest was only open to adults. A group of Fortnite players upset that the Random was not selected petitioned Epic to include the dance in the game. Epic eventually relented and added Orange Shirt Kid’s dance, which he celebrated by tweeting. Those celebratory tweets have now been deleted. Orange Shirt Kid’s complaint does not mention the dance contest or tweets but instead alleges Epic did not seek permission to use the routine.
Orange Shirt Kid’s claims appear to be in a more difficult position than the other similar lawsuits. Each plaintiff has to show their routine is protectable under copyright law, which could be difficult to prove on its own. However, Orange Shirt Kid must also show he did not grant Epic a license to use his dance. Epic will likely argue there is an express license created by the rules of the contest or an implied license created from the child’s behavior. Orange Shirt Kid will likely argue that, as a minor, he is unable to grant such a license.
The complaint also claims Epic has unlawfully used Orange Shirt Kid’s catchphrase, “It’s also a great exercise move!” The other lawsuits only involve a dance routine. The complaint alleges Epic violated Orange Shirt Kid’s right of publicity and trademark by using the phrase. A defendant can violate a person’s right of publicity even if the defendant does not use the person’s name or image. See Carson v. Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets, Inc., 698 F.2d 831 (6th Cir. 1983). A defendant’s use of a catchphrase which is closely associated with a person is enough to violate the right of publicity. See, e.g., Id. It is questionable how closely associated the plaintiff is with the phrase “It’s also a great exercise move!” The phrase itself is not unique, but considering the way in which Epic included the dance into Fortnite, there is a connection between Epic’s use and Orange Shirt Kid. Again, there is also the question of whether Epic was licensed to use the material submitted by Orange Shirt Kid.
Under trademark law, the trademark owner must use the mark as a source identifier for a good or service within interstate commerce. See 15 U.S.C. § 1051(a); see also Id. § 1127. It is unclear at this point if Orange Shirt Kid is using his catchphrase as a source identifier for any goods or services. The complaint only alleges how Epic is using the catchphrase and how that will cause confusion as to its origin. Also, there are questions regarding the strength of the mark. The complaint claims the catchphrase has reached secondary meaning, but that is a factual question that the plaintiff will need to prove in court.Epic may also be covered by the contest rules again regarding the catchphrase. The contest rules state Epic has the right to use the contestant’s publicity during or after the contest. Also, the catchphrase appears in the Orange Shirt Kid’s video submission, which may mean Epic has a non-exclusive license to use the catchphrase based on terms of the contest rules.
While there is intellectual property involved, this case could also turn on contract law due to the contest rules. We will continue to monitor all the Epic dancing cases and provide updates when available.
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Shimmer Shine Sparkle
Travels, Treasures & Trinkets
Meet me in Montmartre: Exploring the hidden secrets of Paris’ last surviving village
May 3, 2015 by anubha 1 Comment
Have you “done” Montmartre yet? The bustling square filled to overflowing with backpack-clad tourists, kitschy souvenirs, overpriced crepes and slightly seedy artists? Have you spent the evening there and come back just a wee bit dissatisfied, wondering when and why this most ancient of Parisian neighborhoods gave up the spirit of Renoir and Picasso and Dali and all those other non-conformists who stamped the place with a bohemian, almost magickal flavour?
Welcome… you have just been tricked by Place du Tertre. The tourist trap that Paris puts out to protect its real village. The hub of all that’s kitschy, crowded and now practically soulless. Should you go there? Yes. In the same way that you can’t visit London without seeing the Big Ben at least once, you can’t skip this busy square. But spend a few minutes there, eat a crepe at the Restaurant Chez La Mère Catherine (where the word “bistro” was first coined) and then walk on. Because just a few cobbled alleyways away lies the real Montmartre. The Montmartre that locals would rather keep to themselves. The Montmartre that lives up to its status of Paris’ last surviving village.
Do you know the Montmartre of stately houses?
The Montmartre of architectural brilliance?
The one that’s replete with whimsical details…
…and historical adornments hidden away off the tourist trail?
Do you know the Montmartre of secret gardens?
The Montmartre of pear, apple, almond and fig trees?
Where rare roses bloom through the year, at the edges of an ancient vineyard?
This is the Montmartre of hidden woods, lost vineyards, tiny museums, open parks and cozy cafes. It’s the Montmartre of flowering fig trees, wooden windmills, secret gardens, medieval statues, dusty fountains and exquisite mosaics. It’s the Montmartre of Picasso’s first studio, Van Gogh’s last home, Renoir’s legendary cottage and Dali’s surreal quarters. It’s the Montmartre where Rodolphe Salis opened the first cabaret, working class girls danced the first French cancan and Edith Piaf trilled La Vie en Rose. It’s the Montmartre of shadowy bars, decadent studios and bohemian dance halls. It’s where the belle époque rose and fell, where impressionism flowered, where cubism was born, where surrealism took root and where modernism flourished.
It’s the Montmartre where monks stomped grapes, gypsum mines were quarried to build Paris (hence the name ‘Plaster of Paris’), the Paris Commune rebelled against the French government in a bloody battle and headless saints walked tall. It’s the Montmartre where Vianne Rocher stirred hopes and dreams into her chocolates, Anouk danced through the mists in her lollipop shoes and Amélie gleefully pondered what adorable mischief she will wreak next. It’s the lost place we have all hunted for at some point in our lives – the place of magick, of ancient rituals and the ghosts of those who built Paris. This Montmartre is a time capsule… peel away the layers and it will show you every facet of Paris from ancient Roman times to today.
Today, let’s leave Place du Tertre behind and stroll towards the Rue Norvins, which lies right of the market square. Next week we will go in the other direction. And in the weeks to come, we will see many of these landmarks in closer detail. But for now, let’s just begin walking.
Musée de Montmartre
This is easily Paris’ most charming museum. Sadly, it’s often the most ignored.
The building itself is a historic landmark: a 17th century manor (the oldest building in Montmartre) that was home to a number of artists, including Auguste Renoir (who painted Le Bal du Moulin de la Galette and La Balançoire here), Émile Bernard, Raoul Dufy, Suzanne Valadon, Maurice Utrillo, Démétrios Galanis, Léon Bloy and Pierre Reverdy.
Today, its brilliant collection of paintings, posters, photographs, music and memorabilia tell the history of Montmartre in roughly chronological order from the ground floor to the third.
There are entire rooms devoted to cult classics like the Lapin Agile cabaret, with original Toulouse-Lautrec posters. There are sections that speak of nothing but the Bateau Lavoir, the gypsum quarries, the most famous cancan dancers of all times, the Moulin Rouge, the building of Sacré Coeur and the ensuing public protests… in short, there is enough here to keep you occupied for hours. I would suggest setting aside half a day to truly soak in the museum. There is even an extraordinary scale model of Montmartre pinpointing all the major landmarks and artist’s homes on the hillock. Trust me, you won’t ever look at Montmartre in the same way again.
Jardins Renoir
Before you leave Musée de Montmartre, step into Jardins Renoir (“Renoir’s Gardens”), a reconstruction of the impressionist painter’s historical landscaping based on his paintings. Complete with pear and apple trees. There is even a small scale model of the windmill from Moulin de la Galette out in the front. What? It’s still Montmartre… you have to allow it some kitsch!
The old wood of 8 rue Cortot
And while you walk from one section of the Musée de Montmartre to another, peek into the nooks and crannies for glimpses of a secret fairytale woodland: the old woods of 8 rue Cortot. This land was sold by the Abbesses of Montmartre in the 17th century. Transformed into an ornamental garden in the 18th century, it is today an ecological reserve of Paris, planted with maple trees, sycamores, white chestnut trees and locust trees. Sadly, a glimpse is all you will get since the woods lie behind a locked Secret-Garden-style gate. And as the sign proclaims: “Only cats have access”. Oh! To be Choupette right about now.
La Maison Rose
Montmartre is not all kitschy cafes and snooty waiters. Or at least it’s not all kitschy cafes. For a more authentic feel of the hilltop’s village antecedents, take yourself to the (seriously) tiny Le Maison Rose, which was once the stomping ground of Pablo Picasso, Gertrude Stein and Maurice Utrillo. In 1916, the latter immortalised it in a painting titled La Maison Rose à Montmartre. The food is decent, the location is phenomenal, the drinks menu is extensive. The waiters… well, you can’t have it all!
Clos Montmartre Vineyard
According to the New York Times, Clos Montmartre produces the most expensive bad wine in the city. According to me and other lovers of Paris/wines/secret spots/hidden histories/quirky stories, the city’s last working vineyard has a magic that even the best critics can’t burnish.
Clos Montmartre is a step back into Roman times, when Montmartre was overflowing with grapevines. The Romans even built a temple here dedicated to Bacchus, the god of wine. However, during the 18th and 19th centuries, growing popularity of wines from other areas combined with the outbreaks of disease and the increasing urbanization of Paris meant that gradually the vineyards all but disappeared.
Luckily for those of us who like a happy ending, in the 1930s a group of artists campaigned hard (see, the French love for public protests is a good thing!) to keep the last of this tradition alive. Clos Montmartre was renewed in 1933, with the first harvest in 1934… today, it covers 1,556 sq m and contains 1,900 vines of 28 different grape varieties including Gamay and Pinot Noir. The vines are picked in an old-style communal fest every autumn, after which the grapes are fermented in the Town Hall cellars and distilled into approximately 1,700 bottles whose labels are painted by local artists. Each bottle is priced at €45 and the profits are used for charity.
Coming back to the critics, refined palates say the polluted terroir makes for wine that’s little more than a romantic souvenir of a lost tradition. I say there’s nothing wrong with that.
NB: Unfortunately, you can’t actually enter the vineyard except during the Fête des Vendanges (“Wine Festival”), held on the first Saturday in October. At other times, try the Montmartre tourist office, at Place du Tertre (two minutes from the vineyard). They usually require you come in a group of at least 12 – though smaller groups may be lucky if the vineyard is not too busy – and you pay for a tasting, although the tour is free.
Cabaret Au Lapin Agile
The Moulin Rouge is all well and good but it’s at the Cabaret Au Lapin Agile (“the Agile Rabbit”) that you will find one of the greatest centres of bohemian life in Paris. It’s one of the oldest bars/cabarets in Paris (founded in 1860) and it was in this little cottage-style building that struggling artists like Picasso and Modigliani drank, Maurice Utrillo virtually lived and Charlie Chapman played his violin. And many of them paid their bills through paintings: Picasso once settled a bar bill in 1905 with the painting known as At The Lapin Agile. In 1920, the owners sold it for US$20. In 1989, it was auctioned at Sotheby’s for US$42 million! You can see a replica within these historic walls.
However, Au Lapin Agile’s actual origins were not as illustrious. It was originally called Cabaret des Assassins. Tradition relates the cabaret received this name because a band of assassins broke in and killed the owner’s son. The cabaret was more than 20 years old when, in 1875, the artist Andre Gill painted the sign that was to suggest its permanent name. It was a picture of a rabbit jumping out of a saucepan, and residents began calling their neighborhood night-club Le Lapin à Gill, meaning “Gill’s rabbit”. Over time, the name had evolved into Cabaret Au Lapin Agile, or the “Nimble Rabbit Cabaret”.
Then, like today, it was the village hotspot – the domain of struggling artists, eccentrics, simple down-and-outers, a contingent of local anarchists, as well as with students from the Latin Quarter, all mixed with a sprinkling of well-heeled bourgeoisie out on a lark. The old Parisian personality of this cabaret survives. Every night except Monday a series of performers take a small, French-speaking audience on a wistful musical journey back to the good old days. Dine and/or drink here and you are following in the footsteps of Vivien Leigh, Robert Mitchum, Eleanor Roosevelt, Ernest Hemmingway, Henry Miller, Lawrence Olivier, Lauren Bacall, Joanne Woodward, Paul Newman and Burt Reynolds. A visit will allow you to experience the most authentic of French singing, whilst seated at the simple old tables and chairs that have been there for decades. You can see where patrons have carved their names in to the old wood as you wonder which characters may have been on this same chair in the past!
What’s your favourite spot in Montmartre?
Filed Under: France, My secret spots, Travel Tagged With: 8 rue Cortot, artist's Montmartre, Cabaret Au Lapin Agile, Clos Montmartre Vineyard, hidden Montmartre, hidden Paris, La Maison Rose, Montmartre, Montmartre museum, Montmartre vineyard, Montmartre walking tour, Musée de Montmartre, paris, secret Montmartre, secret Paris, secret places in Paris, the real Montmartre, the real Paris, walking tour of Paris
I don’t know if I’ll ever make it to Paris, but I know this is what I’ll want to do. I try my best to not fall in love with cities through what I read (gosh, I’d have to leave bits of my soul everywhere then!), but I did, with this. As an avid Beauty Gypsy reader, I have to tell you, this is your calling.
Categories Select Category France My secret spots Travel
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BUSINESS · NEWS
A small and open economy like ours which depends on its linkages with the rest of the world for its sustenance becomes vulnerable to any tipping of the balance of political forces towards populism, says ex finance minister Nene
October 20, 2017 by Jacob MAWELA No Comments
Nhlanhla Nene beats about no bush and speaks his mind louder...
Making an economical point. Axed finance minister Nhlanhla Nene, addressing guests at breakfast held the Killarney Country Club, Johannesburg. Image JACOB MAWELA.
Aptly wondering out loud how long it should take for a principal to be tenured in a particular position before being promoted or demoted – ex [or axed] finance minister, Nhlanhla Nene, someone who’d know better about such a “tragic” state of affairs, addressed a breakfast gathering at the Killarney Country Club – a mere day after yet another cabinet reshuffle of the Zuma administration – equally aptly, titled making sense of South Africa.
Considered by the general public to be the first Black South African to hold the office of Minister of Finance, Nene’s axing from the crucial portfolio caused markets to react extremely negative whilst seeing the rand plunging by as much as 5.4 percent against the dollar in a single day, at the tail end of 2015.
Previously a deputy minister of finance, he had been appointed as minister of the department by President Jacob Zuma on 25 May 2014 and removed on 9 December 2015.
Hours after yet another of the Zuma era cabinet reshuffles, which Nene quipped that it consequentially forced him to tweak his initial speech draft for the Stephan Welz & Co-hosted event – the man once hailed by financial analysts as a good finance minister who criticized several government spending plans such as that of building several nuclear plants – stood in front of an early morning audience comprising a fair smattering of Jewish guild representatives and socialite Edith Venter – amongst concerned and interested others.
“South Africa is a small and open economy, which depends for its sustenance and prosperity on its strong linkages with the rest of the world”, Nene begun his address adding that as a very young democracy too, both features came with their own set of challenges.
“South Africa’s deep linkages with the global economy are a deep source of sustenance.
We are a small market and therefore need the rest of the world to sell our goods and services to. And by the rest of the world I include the rest of the African continent which has in recent years been a growing destination for our manufactured goods, absorbing a lot of the slack in European demand, for example, for our manufactured exports”, one of the ANC’s most educated cadres, opined.
Pointing out that the country’s economy hasn’t responded well to the improvements in global growth, Nene argued that South Africa’s growth trajectory has somewhat delinked from global growth patterns – further alerting the attendees to the IMF’s recent assessment of our country, that South Africa’s vulnerabilities have become more pronounced and are set to increase further unless the pace of economic growth picks up.
Mentioning areas of the IMF’s conclusions, he touched on the following:
Low growth has taken a toll on the state of the public finances, increasing government debt;
The public sector’s balance sheet is also exposed to sizable contingent liabilities from state-owned enterprises (SOEs);
Weakening governance and uncertainties regarding the direction of future economic policies, partly related to the electoral calendar, have also adversely affected consumer and investor confidence;
South Africa is exposed to significant financing risks arising from the fact that the country’s large gross external financing needs are financed mainly by portfolio flows;
Among the positives for South Africa are its freely floating exchange rate, corporate resilience to sizable exchange rate depreciation during the past few years, and high share of government debt which is denominated in the local currency.
External and domestic factors could result in significant shocks to the economy, whose effects could be amplified by linkages among the real, financial, and fiscal sectors, especially if accompanied by further downgrades of local currency sovereign credit ratings to below investment grade.
The bespectacled economist now strutting his stuff in the private corporate space, cutting an image of urbanity in a crisp two-piece executive suit continued on to touch on the fact that challenges emanating from the global environment as well as South Africa’s domestic factors demanded that the state not only developed but implemented, with a sense of urgency and vigor, economic and social policies that will lift the speed at which the economy could grow.
“As the Governor of the South African Reserve Bank pointed out recently, the road on which our economy runs is too narrow and has too many bends. If the car, the economy that is, is to run faster, we must widen and straighten the highway”, he hinted.
Structural problems, including infrastructure bottlenecks, skill mismatches, and harmful insider-outsider dynamics, have conspired to keep unemployment and inequality unacceptably high- he insisted, further going on to emphasize that the success with which South Africa was able to address its domestic challenges would have a greater bearing on how successful the country was in taking advantage of global opportunities.
“Relative to where we were in 1994, we have made significant progress. Though it has slowed down to a snail’s pace, our economy remains bigger than it was in 1994. We have expanded access to public education and health. More houses have been built. We have built more social and economic infrastructure”, the former MP pin-pointed.
The economy simply hasn’t created enough jobs to absorb the ever-growing queue of job seekers, leaving more than 27% of fellow South Africans unemployed, based on the narrow definition of unemployment – he highlighted and then going on to point out that improving the quality of education and getting more South Africans into employment so they could look after themselves and their families would mean:
more opportunities for young people,
increases in productivity,
rising incomes,
increased tax revenue,
less dependence on social grants,
reduced scope for the politics of patronage,
greater social cohesion,
higher levels of investment, and
more space for creativity.
Education and unemployment are South Africa’s most pressing challenges – he identified, whilst suggesting that a well-functioning public education system should be at the core of sustainable economic development.
“Success in addressing our domestic challenges will increase the resilience of our economy and although there is very little we can do about the global environment, there is a lot we can do about our domestic challenges”, contended the University of London alumni – deriding too frequent changes in public policy and a lack of effective implementation as enemies of progress.
All citizens must have a skin in the game or else economic losers will eventually exact their revenge through the ballot box – he further warned.
Expounding salient points at liberty, Nene then mentioned that in a recent analysis of populism, Harvard University Professor Dani Rodrik made the point that until recently, ‘it seemed that the world’s economic and political order was set on an established, predictable course only for Brexit to happen; Donald Trump to win the US presidential race and populist parties to sweep to the fore across Europe.’
“The world’s economic-political order appears to be at an inflection point, with its future direction hanging very much in the balance”, he quoted Rodrik.
In a reference which mirror’s the ANC’s present policy clamour he elaborated on Rodrik as arguing that the economic anxiety and distributional struggles exacerbated by globalization generate a base for populism – continuing on to probe that such anxieties captured by populist leaders, did not necessarily translate into the improving of the lot of the poor, but rather to serve their interests and those close to them.
“Now let me remind you that all of this is coming to a head when public finances are weak and the state’s ability to implement public policies has declined.
All of this is coming to a head when the economy’s pace of growth has slowed to a snail’s pace. The slow pace of growth means government has a smaller field from which to harvest the resources it needs to fund public expenditure.
The increase in public debt since the global financial crisis also means government has limited capacity to buy its way out of the deep financial hole by piling on more debt.
Even if government can borrow more, it will have to pay up more for every rand it seeks from investors”, offered the man who back in 2008 became an online hit after a 26-second clip of him falling from a chair during a television interview was posted on YouTube.
Nene then drew his listeners attention to the divisive development were, lined up on one aside are those who want to get South Africa on track to achieve higher and more sustainable economic growth which seek to lift more out of poverty by creating job opportunities – simultaneously as on the other side are lined-up, such as continue to exploit the cleavages in our society to line their pockets.
“As a young democracy which still has to embed many of the features of established democracies, such as a stable and professional civil service and other strong institutions of governance, a small and open economy like ours which depends on its linkages with the rest of the world for its sustenance becomes vulnerable to any tipping of the balance of political forces towards populism”, Nene rounded up his speech.
After his address, a Q&A was conducted where curious members of the audience posed inquiries ranging from whether he thought that the country’s much talked about nuclear deal could be stopped – to whether there were any chances that the ANC’s December conference could be cancelled.
“Why is the ANC not able to rein in Zuma”, a clearly concerned lady asked.
Responding invariably satisfactorily and unsatisfactorily, Nene concluded the intimate session by urging political casualties to ensure that they remained in the game – suggesting that you can’t get strange bedfellows to muster gaining a two-thirds majority, required to change the constitution, in reference to the speculated era of coalition politics.
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To vapor or to e-cigarette the debate rages on
June 26, 2018 by INFO SUPPLIED No Comments
CONFUSION CONTINUES to surround legislation regarding e-cigarettes and vaping.
To vapor or to e-cigarette -the debate rages on?
But, as more reputable organisations publish findings confirming the significantly lower risk of vaping products in comparison with cigarette smoking, so the regulatory tide is beginning to turn, says Africa Harm Reduction Alliance (AHRA).
This will be accelerated as more evidence emerges to confirm the role of e-cigarettes in reducing tobacco-related harm and how it can complement tobacco cessation.
It is ironic and inaccurate to categorise e-cigarettes as tobacco products. These products do not contain tobacco at all.
“In fact,” says Dr Delon Human, co-founder of the Africa Harm Reduction Alliance (AHRA) and President of Health Diplomats, “the two smoking processes are different.
Tobacco cigarette smoking relies on burning of tobacco, at temperatures between 800-900 degrees Celsius, which releases at least 4000 toxicants into the smoker’s body. No wonder one out of two cigarette smokers will develop a tobacco-related disease and premature death.
In contrast, vaping of e-cigarettes relies on a heating process of between 200-250 degrees Celsius to vaporise and deliver its nicotine. It is probably the word ‘cigarette’ used for both products that are causing legislative confusion,” Dr Human says.
Whilst e-cigarettes and vaping presently fall into the gap between smoking and medicinal legislation in South Africa, there have been calls locally for it to be classified under both sets of legislation. Protagonists for this viewpoint feel that it should be regarded as a medical treatment, with ‘other’ consumption falling under the Tobacco Act because it ‘should be regarded as a health risk, like all tobacco products’.
In many countries, the legislation places e-cigarettes in the same category as tobacco.
In South Africa, Health Minister, Dr Aaron Motsoaledi, has stated his attention to regulating e-cigarettes under the Tobacco Products Control Act.
The government wants to treat e-cigarettes just like tobacco products. In fact, there have been calls for an outright ban on vaping, falsely conflating it with smoking tobacco, and equally falsely attributing its rise to tobacco companies.
For example, in the United Kingdom, with its 10 million cigarette smokers, some 4 million have switched to vaping e-cigarettes and this has truly been a consumer-driven, grassroots movement, far removed from cigarette manufacturers.
“What needs to be assessed, or addressed,” says Dr Human “is the relative harm of vaping versus smoking, and the potential for vaping to provide a far safer alternative to smoking, or even a means to help people to quit smoking.”
In 2016, the UK’s Royal College of Physicians issued a 200-page report on tobacco harm reduction, which found that e-cigarettes are not a gateway to smoking, do not result in normalisation of smoking and that it’s useful in assisting to quit smoking.
It also stated that the long-term harm of e-cigarettes is most probably less than 5% compared to that of tobacco products. It’s important that risks are looked at in perspective.
“The notion that vaping eliminates 95% of potential harm, compared to smoking, does not mean that there is no risk or no harm. It should therefore not be surprising that some studies do find some harm associated with vaping, but the focus needs to be on the harm reduction it provides,” emphasises Dr Human.
Increasingly, international research studies confirm that vaping is reducing cigarette smoking for active tobacco smokers.
Vaping is a means of weaning people off tobacco smoking by still offering the hit experienced by nicotine – medically regarded as the least dangerous of the all the substances found in tobacco cigarettes, according to 2017 May report entitled ‘Where there’s no smoke, is there still fire?
Ethical aspects of tobacco harm reduction’ – published by the Africa Harm Reduction Alliance (AHRA).
A new report also recently emerged which is based on more than 800 peer-reviewed scientific studies on the health effects of e-cigarettes by the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.
The report found conclusive evidence that by substituting conventional cigarettes with e-cigarettes reduces the user’s exposure to most of the toxins and carcinogens that are in conventional cigarettes. It also saw it resulting in reduced short-term adverse health outcomes in several organs.
“In South Africa, the vaping Industry needs to be recognized as a stakeholder in the prevention and control of chronic diseases linked to combustible tobacco. If tomorrow, all cigarette smokers in South Africa were to switch to harm reduced vaping products, the impact is bound to be extremely positive from a non-communicable diseases point of view. It is our duty to ensure that we provide a safer alternative to the millions of smokers in the country,” says Dr Human.
There is a danger to medicalise vaping. As e-cigarettes have now become the most popular and effective way to quit smoking, in countries such as the United Kingdom, the pharmaceutical industry would like to secure a monopoly on its distribution. The way to do this is for vaping to be regulated exclusively under the Medicinal Act. Unfortunately, this type of regulation would make vaping less affordable and accessible to the normal smoker in South Africa.
In South Africa, members of the Vapour Product Association(VPA) have responded to the legislative situation by adhering to their own code of conduct, the development of product standards and voluntarily committing to not selling the product to and by people under the age of 18.
Despite being considered safe or low-risk, especially when divorced from burning tobacco, nicotine has been classified as a schedule 2 or 3 drugs locally, depending on the concentration.
It remains unclear to what extent that applies to sellers of vaping liquid containing nicotine, or whether it applies at all to sellers of the devices themselves and the very many nicotine-free liquids on the market. Tobacco control leaders have unfortunately attributed the rise of e-cigarettes to tobacco companies, despite never having adequately assessed or addressed its relative harm in comparison with smoking or how it can help smokers quit.
In the US, the FDA, under the leadership of Dr Scott Gottlieb, appears to be moving towards regulatory changes that are designed to move smokers towards non-combustible, harm reduced products, such as e-cigarettes.
The Reuters news agency (July 17, 2017) said the government proposed cutting nicotine in cigarettes to ‘non-addictive’ levels.
The FDA cannot reduce nicotine levels to zero, nor can it ban cigarettes. But Gottlieb said the agency would study regulating nicotine levels with a view towards the ‘FDA’s potential to render cigarettes minimally addictive or non-addictive.’
“Nicotine itself is not responsible for cancer, lung disease and heart disease that kill hundreds of thousands of Americans each year,” he said.
“It’s the other chemical compounds in tobacco and in the smoke, created by setting tobacco on fire, that directly causes illness and death.”
Analysts said they expect regulators in Europe to study similar actions on nicotine products. The action shakes up a debate among public health advocates as to whether e-cigarettes represent a health risk or potential benefit.
“While there’s still much research to be done on these products and the risks that they may pose, they may also present benefits that we must consider,” Gottlieb said.
During an April hearing on whether to advance his nomination for the FDA position, he said some e-cigarettes may have the potential to wean smokers off combustible cigarettes and be less harmful.
As the debate on legislation continues, so more medical research is being released on the potential benefits of e-cigarettes and vaping.
Public health bodies, such as Public Health England (PHE) and medical organizations, such as the Royal College of Physicians, have entered the debate with positive findings on vaping and the role it plays in reducing risk within the smoking community.
“It may take time, but it is inevitable that as the body of evidence increases, on the role of vaping in tobacco harm reduction, so legislators will have to review their stance on vaping.
Organisations like the AHRA are committed to providing evidence-based information on harm reduction, while ethically serving individual and population health,” concludes Dr Human.
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Research Philosophy in the Contemporary World: The Moral Imperative to Assume the Worst—Philosophy's...
Philosophy in the Contemporary World: The Moral Imperative to Assume the Worst—Philosophy’s Response to Donald Trump
By Nathan Eckstrand
With this post, the Blog of the APA is beginning a new ongoing series. Philosophy in the Contemporary World is aimed at exploring the various ways philosophy can be used to discuss issues of relevance to our society. There are no methodological, topical, or doctrinal limitations to this series; philosophers of all persuasions are invited to submit posts regarding issues of concern to them. Please contact us here if you would like to submit a post to this series.
By Adam Knowles
Gleichschaltung: Pages from the Totalitarian Playbook
In the first volume of his classic work of Holocaust history Nazi Germany and the Jews, Saul Friedländer recounts an episode from Hitler’s early days of power which should give us pause us to reflect on the election of Donald Trump to President of the United States. In a letter dated February 23rd, 1933, less than a month after Hitler’s ascension to power, a Jewish woman from Berlin named Frieda Friedmann wrote to then President Paul von Hindenburg complaining about the anti-Semitism and incitements to pogroms by the National Socialists. Hindenburg passed on the letter to Hitler and, as Friedländer recounts, Hitler wrote these words in the margins: “This lady’s claims are a swindle! Obviously there has been no incitement to a pogrom!”
With a simple swipe of the hand Hitler thus discredits a female Jewish critic and simultaneously wills a reality into being. The speech act of the Führer makes what is through the constitutive power of his speech. His voice is vested with an ontological power, the power to discredit Frieda Friedmann as a “nasty woman.” And if Hitler desired to claim that there was no incitement to a pogrom this was because beginning in the mid-1920s he had begun, as Peter Fritzsche shows in his book Germans into Nazis, to steer the party towards an agenda of spiritual and economic renewal of the German people and away from the brash anti-Semitic rhetoric of the early 1920s. Hitler would make Germany great again in the face of the defeat of the Versailles Treaty, the economic collapse of the 1920s, and a Weimar culture regarded as suspiciously modern and urban (and hence Jewish) by conservative elements in Germany society. Yet with Mein Kampf serving as a firm ideological bedrock, along with a well-established reputation as an anti-Semitic party, Germany’s anti-Semites knew that Hitler represented their racial and racist interests. So-called moderates, on the other hand, those who might have been too ‘polite’ to openly align themselves with anti-Semitism, could feel comfortable associating with the party’s agenda of greatness restored while praising how ‘toned down’ and ‘different’ Hitler had become. Thus, such ‘moderates’ could reap the benefits of anti-Semitism even while being distanced from it by several degrees of removal.
With the election of Donald Trump, the United States finds itself in a moment of what is known, in the wretched Nazi euphemism, as Gleichschaltung: falling into line, forced assimilation, coordination. One could hear it already in the voice of Anderson Cooper in the wee hours of election night as the unimaginable became inevitable, as the map assumed that eerily pockmarked red surface now familiar to us all. One can see it in the cowardly falling into line of the ‘Never Trump’ Republicans, with none more obsequious than the fallen Wunderkind Paul Ryan. One sees it as the Mitt Romneys and Al Gores of the nation strut across the stage of the cabinet-selection-turned-beauty-pageant graciously presented to the nation by ringmaster Trump. Meanwhile, Neo-Nazi groups cloak themselves in the dangerously misleading euphemism ‘alt-right’ and hate crimes are on the rise. We are normalizing Trump, devouring his spectacle, clicking on his latest tweet bait. Even such venerable institutions as the New York Times follow the latest red herring and let—among other things—the news of Trump’s $25 million fraud claim for the sham Trump University cascade down the list of priorities. As I write Trump has already begun to target the civil service by disturbing questionnaires in the Department of Energy. Ideological alignment of the civil service is an essential starting point for serious Gleichschaltung.
Yet what exactly is it that we are normalizing? By electing Donald Trump we are normalizing sexual assault, xenophobia, Islamophobia, anti-immigrant hate speech, ableism and racism of all kinds. By electing Donald Trump we are normalizing rape culture and bullying. By electing Donald Trump we are normalizing white supremacy and a ferociously violent patriarchy. By electing a President who allied himself with Mike Pence, a proponent of gay conversion therapy, we are normalizing an atmosphere of violence and intimidation against the LGBTQ community. Gay conversion therapy means nothing less than normalizing people out of existence. The proposed Texas Senate Bill 242, which would make teachers into mandatory reporters of gay, lesbian and gender-nonconforming students is a harbinger of this normalization. We are normalizing graft, political corruption and the destruction of the rule of law. We are normalizing the further marginalization and increased vulnerability of the working class of all colors. We are normalizing Flint and a government that will turn a blind eye to poisoning its citizens. At a more abstract level, we are also normalizing the systematic evasion of civic responsibility and simple human decency and replacing them with a rapacious ethics of absolute selfishness. Perhaps the election of Trump is the realization that much of this has, for too long, been normal.
This list is only partial and it will continue to expand as the incredible cast of characters known as the Trump ‘team’ begins to assemble itself. For many of us, the last month has been a dizzying crash-course in far-right-wing politics. Jane Mayer’s recent book The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right is a useful resource to understand the perverse consistency of Trump’s choices for cabinet: a Labor Secretary derisive of labor rights, a HUD Secretary who claims poverty is a choice, an Education Secretary who has systematically sought to dismantle public education, an openly racist Attorney General, and an EPA chief who has rubberstamped briefs written by energy lobbyists. And even more questions arise about the Trump team: Is there really any justification for distinguishing Stephen Bannon from a garden-variety member of the Ku Klux Klan merely due to the sophistication of his tactics? Does Kellyanne Conway ever get off point? Or is she truest progeny of the sophists? And weren’t Rudolph Giuliani and Newt Gingrich condemned to some dark, lonely dustbin of history? When Trump drained the swamp, was it this crew that was clinging tenaciously to the drain spout?
Yet I do not want to indulge in humor, not now. The moment is dire. In the days following the election I had a number of discussions with students from my sections of “Introduction to Western Philosophy.” Fittingly, the election overlapped with our lessons on Simone de Beauvoir and Frantz Fanon. In these discussions I heard an overwhelming tone of fear and mute confusion, yet also a quiet tone of defiance and triumph from students who supported Trump. Muslim students, female students, LGBTQ students, African-American students, and Hispanic students all openly admitted to no longer (or never) feeling safe—and these voices only reflect those who spoke up in class. We must find a way to resist further normalizing this fear. Moreover, a student body that had once supported Bernie Sanders felt disillusioned by the democratic process in their first presidential election and this reaction was only confirmed by the disparity between the electoral count and popular vote.
In my class “Holocaust and Philosophy” the conversations have been even more difficult. The election bled into the class from the first day. This is because the students had no trouble recognizing the parallels between their own lives and the world created by the Nazis. It is troubling, especially for a young person, to be forced to plot your own time in the arc of the rise of totalitarianism. I teach the students that Trump is not Hitler, but that, if we can already identify so many parallels with National Socialism, then we must assume that this could lead to the same place where Hitler took Nazi Germany. I believe that we have an ethical imperative to assume the worst. The history of National Socialism may teach us very little about the goals of this regime, but it will help us understand its tactics.
Right now we are in a moment of coordination, of falling-into-line. In 1933, the Nazis arrested Hannah Arendt for her part in collecting incidences of anti-Semitism occurring at the everyday grassroots level for a publication meant to be disseminated abroad. Ushahidi, the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Hate Map and Shaun King of the New York Daily News have been doing similar work by collecting incidences of hate crimes inspired by Trump on twitter and their websites. It is important to understand that the Nazis were able to coordinate so well by first making many Germans bystanders and then escalating the violence so that a large portion of the population would either willingly tolerate or actively foster mass killing. What Nazi Germany teaches us is that such events of public hazing and outright violence, including the chants of “Build the Wall” reported from schools across the country and the students chanting “White Power” in a Michigan high school (to name but a few), serve an important role in radicalizing a population. They help to produce the bystanders who can later be made into perpetrators. Normalization bridges the gap between the early zealots and the later converts to a totalitarian movement.
Donald Trump has called for the deportation of 11 million people, a deeply symbolic number that also coincides with the number of Jews in Europe who were targeted for extermination by the Nazis at the Wannsee Conference—the planning conference for the so-called ‘Final Solution’. Trump has since revised this to between 2 to 3 million people. Such crass ‘margins of error’ were also exemplary of Nazi rhetoric and serve to normalize the removal of individual human beings—or even entire ethnic and religious groups—from the body politic. But since we know that Donald Trump is always a man to think “huge” and “big league,” let us take his highest number as indicative of his intentions. By now at the latest, we should know not to underestimate Trump. The very mention in public discourse of a deportation force and of “ideological certification” for immigrants is a terrifying normalization of the monstrous.
The peculiar self-delusion of the Führer was that he thought he could wave his hand and either cause things to come into being or cease to exist. “Obviously there has been no incitement to a pogrom!,” he can proclaim and thus will away the call to violence. If updated slightly to reflect Trump’s carnival-barker patios, these words could have come straight from the mouth of our president-elect. As he has openly disavowed Neo-Nazi groups since the election and halfheartedly ordered “Stop It!” to those committing hate crimes, he is demonstrating a terrifyingly detailed knowledge of the totalitarian playbook. Indeed, it is astounding how well Trump seems to know this playbook. As we make our way through the Trump years, let us never underestimate Trump’s political intelligence.
As Arendt documents in Eichmann in Jerusalem, Himmler was a master at persuading SS officers that the Holocaust would be a terrible burden on them for which they would suffer greatly in service of the German people. The Holocaust, Himmler would teach the SS, would be hard on good Germans. In his 60 Minutes interview from Nov. 13th Trump, swathed in his gilded apartment, echoes this cruel twist of rhetoric. “Sometimes you need a certain rhetoric to get people motivated. I don’t want to be just a little nice monotone character,” he proudly proclaims. Lesley Stahl then interjects the question, “Can you be?” Trump responds by saying: “Sure I can. I can easily. That’s easier. Honestly, doing that is easier.” In his self-understanding, Trump is suffering greatly to make America great again by doing the difficult work of proffering bigotry and inciting racial violence. Being the strong man is hard on him, he would like us to believe. In dwelling on this example, let us also note the element of complicity on the part of the media, in Stahl’s jovial, laughing tone that normalizes the monstrous by reducing it to an ironic spectacle. The same subtle normalization can be seen when the editors of the New York Times asked Trump to address claims that Bannon is “racist and anti-Semitic.” Trump responded along similar lines: “I think it’s very hard on him. I think he’s having a hard time with it. Because it’s not him. It’s not him.”
I have no interest in parsing out whether or not Trump actually believes that Bannon is or is not a racist and an anti-Semite, but I do know for certain that Trump thinks he has the power to make us believe it. The world of the Nazis was a grand aestheticized delusion, as best exemplified by the promise at the gates of Auschwitz that work would set you free and by the taunting faux-medical signs declaring the importance of cleanliness at the entrance to the gas chambers disguised as showers. Trump, this great man of pageantry, is already setting up his own aestheticized delusion as our reality in a world where—as he said in a now infamous tweet—“millions of people who voted illegally” have robbed him of the “so-called popular vote.” Yet while the Nazis had to build their camps and ghettoes, let us not forget that we live in a country that already has camps, ghettoes and a robust infrastructure of mass incarceration. Trump is already promising to fill Guantanamo Bay with “some bad dudes.”
We must accept that we live in dire times of which nothing good will come. There will be no moral victories for liberals who hope to come out of the other side with a clean conscience. There will be an increase in hate crimes. There will also be tactics of gradual escalation in order to secure complicity from those not subject to such violence. We should not try to speculate what Trump’s true aims might be, but instead calculate what they could be based on the most extreme scenario. We must resist any outward claims of moderation and out them as a classic strategy of totalitarian regimes. The so-called ‘good’ white people (especially men) of America, those for whom normalization is a possibility, must also resist allowing Trump to be normalized in our names and on our behalf. Yet we must also ensure that our resistance is not parasitic on the aesthetic spectacle of the Trump phenomenon.
The Role of Philosophy?
With the Nazi rise to power universities and the discipline of philosophy stood at a crossroads. Once the “Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service” was passed in April 1933, 313 full professors in Germany were released from service within a year. An incredible emigration would begin, changing the landscape of philosophy in North America. The Frankfurt School was targeted early for both political and racial reasons and became a key site of resistance. Meanwhile, a figure no less than Martin Heidegger enthusiastically joined the early group of academics who sought to lend legitimacy to the National Socialist movement, becoming the paradigmatic academic figure of Gleichschaltung by ruthlessly implementing the anti-Jewish measures as Rector of Freiburg University from 1933-34. Aside from perhaps Germanistic, no discipline was more deeply complicit in National Socialism than the discipline of philosophy.
In the last week, at least two major philosophical organizations have issued statements on the 2016 election: the American Philosophical Association and the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. I believe that both statements fall short of living up to the ethical demands of our current situation. Firstly, the APA statement, which is the shorter of the two by far, rightly mentions that “the nation has experienced increasingly divisive rhetoric and a rise in bias-based attacks on members of vulnerable groups.” Yet the statement fails to specifically name any of those vulnerable groups and—more importantly—fails to mention any particular individual or group who has propagated this divisive rhetoric. It also fails to condemn the divisive rhetoric it mentions. The SPEP statement by and large ameliorates this first concern by mentioning that “[d]uring the electoral campaign and in its aftermath, we witnessed the amplification and even normalization of racism, sexism, Islamophobia, anti-Semitism, LGBTQ-bashing, and ableism (to name a few, in an enumeration that will not be complete).” Perhaps the disclaimer at the end, a sad capitulation reminding us that any enumeration of Trump’s proliferation of hate speech will always be incomplete, may have led to a preemptive acquiescence on the part of the APA, causing it to be unwilling to mention any particular vulnerable groups in its statement. But this preemptive acquiescence is a form of evasion and thus a form of normalization. The SPEP statement avoids this crucial step of normalization, but acquiesces in its own way by refusing to name the primary agent and beneficiary of the hate speech it condemns: President-Elect Donald Trump. Instead, the statement employs the passive voice and refers simply to the hate speech “mobilized and emboldened by the election.” This acquiescence and deferral to the passive voice—with the agent named through the preposition ‘by’ being not a person but a thing—perpetuates another form of normalization. Do we not risk being complicit in the crimes we condemn if we are unwilling to name the perpetrators of those crimes?
I do not know if philosophy has any special role to play in resisting Donald Trump in 2016. It is certainly not the moment to hunker down to work out fine philological details—work that I normally value. If we work on thinkers who were oppressed by totalitarian regimes of any kind, we should learn from and teach about their resistance. If we work on thinkers who became perpetrators, we should learn from and teach about what lead them to become complicit. But this is what many of us already do everyday in the classroom anyways. We should teach ceaselessly about language and the power to manipulate language, as exemplified by Marianne Constable’s “When Words Cease to Matter.” We should teach about power. We should be in classrooms, in discussion groups and anywhere where students need to be listened to.
But we should not pretend that the infamously ‘strange’ life of the philosopher is somehow so ‘abnormal’ in Trump’s world that being a philosopher is in and of itself an act of resistance. Hence, I disagree that the APA’s statement that “the work of philosophers and humanists is needed now more than ever” is in and of itself valid. Philosophy per se is not the answer to anything, though certain kinds of philosophy may help lead us to some answers about our current dire predicament. After the release of Jewish and politically ‘undesirable’ professors from service in Germany in 1933, the discipline of philosophy by and large settled back into business as usual, resuming all the normal conferences, publications and deadlines. Philosophers of many stripes, much like humanists and academics from many fields, played a crucial role in all stages of National Socialist violence. I therefore say this especially to the philosophers who—like me—are white and male: being a self-styled economic and intellectual gadfly does not qualify as resistance. Philosophy alone is not an act of resistance. It may even be an act of complicity.
Adam Knowles is Assistant Teaching Professor of Philosophy at Drexel University, where he is currently preparing a manuscript entitled The Measure of Silence: Heidegger, Language and the Greeks. He received his PhD from the New School for Social Research in 2014. His research combines influences from Continental philosophy, phenomenology, Ancient Greek philosophy, ethics and feminism, drawing especially on Plato, Aristotle, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Irigaray and Derrida.
What do you think about this issue? Weigh in on the discussion in the comments below, or if you’d be interested in writing a blog post in response, contact us on the submission form here.
Editor: Nathan Eckstrand
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eric d. meyer December 20, 2016 At 3:25 pm
Response to Adam Knowles: The Genuine State of Exception?
By Eric D. Meyer
While I agree that Trump’s election was a setback, and his presidential decisions must be watched, I wonder if the comparison with Hitler’s chancellorship and Nazi Germany isn’t a bit overstated. After all, contemporary America is really nothing like 1920s and 1930s Germany. After WWI, there were thousands of German war vets on the streets, unemployment was out of control, and in 1929 the German economy crashed, making German money worthless. And, besides that, German Spartacist Communists militated for a Bolshevik-style revolution, stoking fears of a Soviet Red Terror, and causing street-fights between German Communists and the proto-Nazis (the Freikorps etc.) which tore Germany apart. After NSDAP (Nazi) victories in the German elections, Hitler claimed the Chancellorship from Von Hindenberg after the Social Democrats could no longer form a government; and he immediately declared a state of emergency (Carl Schmitt’s and Giorgio Agamben’s state of exception) as the only way to stop the slide toward chaos and anarchy, a move endorsed by most Germans. And then, with the German Constitution suspended and the German Army on Hitler’s side, the Nazis began ruling by terror, even terrorizing members of their own party (the Roehm putsch of the SA) to keep up Hitler’s dictatorship, and began remilitarizing the Rhineland to arm the Wehrmacht. The persecution of Communists, Social Democrats, and Jews, were all part of Hitler’s program, as you say, to make Germany great again, but it’s certainly true the Jews took the worst of it, as the easier scapegoats to bully and beat. Hitler and the Nazis then took Austria (the AnschluB), Alsace, the Sudentenland, and Stalin and Hitler split Poland, after which Germany invaded the Soviet Union, and as part of the ethnic cleansing of Eastern Europe to make the Slavs and Jews a slave race (or eliminate them to make Lebensraum for Germans), the SS began building German death camps… And the rest is history.
Frankly, I do not see parallels to these events, except very vague ones, in contemporary America, despite Donald Trump & Co. and Make America Great Again! America is currently still at the height of prosperity, the civil rights movement has made enormous gains, different sexual orientations are widely recognized, and colleges and universities are still largely bastions of supposed intellectual freedom (although sometimes it is actually the right-wing groups whose voices are silenced or marginalized, under the guise of the so-called political correctness, and not the leftists). I do not believe that white male leftist-liberal college professors are in danger of the concentration camps, nor do I see a real threat to multicultural or sexual diversity. And the problem I see with articles like this, which drastically exaggerate the threat, is not only that they risk fueling a backlash among those who feel they have been silenced or marginalized by the past eight years of the leftist-liberal multicultural agenda (those quietly defiant students in your classes who cannot speak, because the multi-culturalist agenda dominates the discussion), but they distract attention from the real problems the country faces. There have been too many police shootings of black (and white) men on the streets, there are too many black, red, brown, and white men (and women) in prison, and there are too many (predominantly white) men destitute and homeless (the so-called white trash) and on the streets. I do not believe these problems will be solved by militating for a leftist-liberal multicultural agenda among the privileged students in your classroom. I’m afraid they will actually be worsened by the cries from the privileged leftist-liberal scholarly world, claiming they are the victims of discrimination, when the white, black, red, and brown underclass on the streets and in the prisons know it’s not true, and know where the real discrimination lies: in the American criminal justice system, in the American public schools, and in American colleges and universities that cater to the leftist-liberal multicultural elite, while ignoring the destitute, the homeless, the criminalized, and marginalized, who don’t fit your stereotypical race, class, gender categories.
But, more importantly, America has been caught up in the so-called war on terror for 15 years, now, with no end in sight. During that time, international terrorism has enormously escalated, terror attacks have massively increased (how many even during the writing of these remarks?), and the Muslim world is stuck in chaos and terror, poverty and misery. The Muslim countries Bush and Obama promised to help are suffering horribly in self-perpetuating cycles of terrorism, and the US military and CIA still carry out bombing campaigns and drone strokes that kill hundreds, even thousands of innocent civilians. Guantanamo is still open for business, and the Obama administration replaced the CIA black sites with targeted assassinations, even though the kill-ratio of actual militants killed to innocent civilians is something like 10 to 1. And if there’s anybody suffering from discrimination in America today, it’s the Muslim communities, who are under constant scrutiny by the CIA and FBI, who bear the brunt of the attacks of Trump & Co., and who deal with the physical, visceral pain of discrimination and hatred on a constant basis. And yet there is scarcely a mention of any of this in your article, which, in fact, mentions very few actual cases of the discrimination you write about—although I don’t doubt that it exists, if in different forms than the race, class, gender stereotypes you mention—and instead relies on a vague parallel between Nazi Germany and Trump America which, I’m afraid, doesn’t really hold up to scrutiny. Which isn’t to say very real problems don’t exist, just that distracting from the real problems with rhetoric and hyperbole won’t help, and working up further frustration and hatred between left and right, liberals and conservatives, gays and straights, blacks and white, will only make it worse. If there’s a real fascist, a real Hitler, in the contemporary world, that Hitler is Vladimir Putin, who has succeeded in purveying his war on terror, begun in Chechnya, to the rest of the world, and is currently carrying out the mass killing of Syrian civilians in Aleppo and elsewhere. The biggest danger of Trump’s election is Trump’s flirtation with Putin, and Trump is in danger of becoming Putin’s puppet. But it’s not Trump who is the Hitler in that case, but Putin; and Putin’s Russia is the real danger America needs to face, in Syria, Turkey, the Ukraine, Crimea, Moldova, Georgia, and in America, too.
In 1940s Nazi Germany, Walter Benjamin wrote: “The tradition of the oppressed teaches us that the ‘state of exception’ in which we live is the rule. We must arrive at a concept of history which reflects this. Then it will become clear that our mission is the introduction of a genuine state of exception; and our position in the struggle against Fascism will benefit from it.” By Giorgio Agamben’s reading of this citation, we, too, are living in a state of exception, and there’s certainly truth to that reading. But Benjamin was living in a real state of emergency, with real SS terror squads kicking down doors and dragging people off, and the SA camps which had begun torturing Social Democrats and Communists were being relocated in Poland by the SS to exterminate Jews. And Benjamin himself, faced with that situation, finally tragically committed suicide. What did Benjamin mean by calling for “a genuine state of exception”? I think he meant a Soviet Bolshevik-style German Revolution, since, at that moment, the Soviets appeared to be the only world power capable of beating the Germans, and it was not yet obvious that Soviet terrorism (Stalin’s Great Terror and the Gulag) and Soviet exterminism (including the extermination of Jews) could be equally dangerous, and actually killed more people than, Hitler’s Final Solution, horrible as it was. Nor was it yet obvious that Soviet Bolshevik Communism was not a solution to anything; it was another problem: another dictatorship, another totalitarianism, another terrorism, and so on. You cite the cases of Martin Heidegger and the Frankfurt School to show Western philosophy’s responses to fascism. It’s certainly true that Western philosophers since Plato (Dionysus of Syracuse) and Hegel (the Prussian State) have been in complicity with tyranny, demagoguery, mass murder, and slavery—although remember that Socrates and the Sophists actually resisted that tyranny, and sometime died for it. Martin Heidegger’s tenure as Nazi Rector of Freiburg University in 1933/1934, when he was obliged to make speeches (and Heil Hitlers!) to the Fuhrer was certainly an embarrassing case of that complicity. But after this brief episode, Heidegger began what he and many of his students (Georg Picht, say) thought was a program of internal resistance to the Nazi Party, at enormous risk to himself and his family, while TW Adorno and Max Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School emigrated to America and spent the war in Hollywood. It’s easy to condemn Heidegger, but I’d say his program of internal resistance to the Nazi regime required greater courage than that of Adorno and Horkheimer, although I admire Dialectic of Enlightenment and Minima Moralia very much. I don’t know what course of action you advocate against Trump and Co. But I think following Heidegger’s policy of internal resistance—working within the system, as we used to say— is the better option. The battle against Trump & Co. will be fought in the courtroom and the ballot box—and, to some extent, in the classroom—but it will not be served by working up further frustration and hatred within American society, which, I say again, will only make things worse.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the New Left student radicals and Yippies made a mantra of calling their supposed enemies fascists! And there were student demonstrations and street fights with the police that finally also turned violent, and got people killed. The anti-Vietnam War movement and Civil Rights movements no doubt made important gains during that embattled period, but I don’t want to see it happen again. And certain extreme elements of those protest movements (the Weathermen, the Black Panthers, etc.) finally resorted to what would now be called terrorism in the cause of stopping the war or smashing racism, and that terrorism did not really help the anti-war, anti-racism cause. It only made the New Left and the Yippies look like the real fascists, and risked destroying the genuine gains made by those movements. I certainly wouldn’t say the anti-Trump demonstrations have had that effect, but the risk of working up frustration and anger on both left and right is that it can flare up and backfire into dangerous, violent confrontations. And it can direct hatred and violence among Americans, against Americans, when we really need to work together to solve our real problems. Are Trump & Co. the big problem? I don’t think so. Poverty, homelessness, violence, discrimination, hatred, torture, war… Those are the real problems. We need to work together to solve them. And if Trump & Co. can show they are part of the solution, and not the problem, well, then, we need to work with them, too, since that’s the only way to solve the problem. And not just make it worse…
Adam Knowles December 21, 2016 At 6:46 am
Thank you for your extensive comments on my piece. There are a number of threads running through your remarks which I will attempt to respond to.
If you are suggesting that we should avoid labeling Trump’s tactics as totalitarian in nature for risk of offending him or his supporters, then I vehemently reject that position. Trump openly and repeatedly called for violence at his rallies and his supporters have responded in turn. I do not see how this calls for a polite response.
You bring in a number of details about the history of National Socialism from a later period of time than the one I discuss. My point was to focus on the era of Gleichschaltung, specifically 1933-4. That many of the things you mentioned have not yet occurred and perhaps will not occur does not deny the parallels that we have already seen. Besides, you will note that I stated my intention as follows: “The history of National Socialism may teach us very little about the goals of this regime, but it will help us understand its tactics.”
If there are historical antecedents that help us understand the political moment we are experiencing, then we should by all means learn from them. The problem with far too many of Trump’s supporters is that they actually regard a comparison with Hitler as positive, just as him openly bragging about sexually assaulting women actually made him more qualified in the eyes of many voters. It made him a laudable strong-man who “tells it like it is.”
Your defense of Heidegger’s purported “inner emigration” is historically inaccurate and ethically problematic. It ignores the archival record on Heidegger, the anti-Semitism of the Black Notebooks, the anti-Semitism of Heidegger’s recently published letters, and a great deal of historical and philosophical literature produced since the 1980s (at the latest). Moreover, by stating that Heidegger’s “program of internal resistance to the Nazi regime required greater courage than that of Adorno and Horkheimer” you are engaging in troubling Nazi apologetics. If one is obligated to respond to Nazi apologetics, then I would pose two questions in response:
Firstly, was Heidegger at all an inner emigrant? The answer to that is definitively ‘no.’ One would only believe that if one were to uncritically accept Heidegger’s own portrayal of his Nazism. Heidegger was a keen negotiator of the evolving reality of National Socialist cultural politics. He was an anti-Semite through and through and an eager career man who seized the political opportunities made available to him. His relationship with the regime by no means ended in 1934—as the most cursory glance of the archives in Berlin and Freiburg shows.
The second question would be: If he were an inner emigrant (which he was not), is that somehow more courageous than being driven into exile? To be honest, I do not even know how to respond to this because the premise of the question elides the reality of Nazi racial oppression. Do you really want to imply that Adorno was living it up in Hollywood while Heidegger was fighting in the trenches of some sort of silent resistance movement? I take Karl Jaspers’ remarks on the notion of inner emigration in “The Question of German Guilt” to be decisive. There is no such thing as inner emigration, Jaspers writes, and even if there were, it would still be a position of deep complicity. Do you want to say that Heidegger was courageous for being complicit?
There is much about your comments that indicates that you were not so much interested in responding to what I said in my initial piece, but instead interested in utilizing this format for your own thoughts. I can almost hear Plato on my shoulder whispering to me that that is the nature of online discussion forums. Yet since much of our dialogue today—especially about the election—occurs in the form of comment sections and online posts, I felt obligated to respond.
Dear Adam Knowles,
Thanks for your response. I hope I can be brief in response. And let me say, I respect your opinions and found your blog provocative, which is why I responded. To be clear:
I am not suggesting we should not respond to Trump’s tactics for fear of offending his supporters. Obviously, Trump thrives on offensive tactics (the best defense is being offensive, eh?), and his tactics are clearly demagoguery, and possibly dangerous, although that remains to be seen. I’m instead suggesting that responding to his offensive tactics, either by being confrontational and provoking more offensive responses, or by simply attempting to silence his supporters, will be counter-productive. I’m suggesting that Trump & Co,. however offensive, really are human beings (really!) and have feelings and ideas that can be addressed, and, hopefully, defeated in a calm, intelligent manner, in public debate and in the classroom, in the style of all good sophists and philosophers. And I’d suggest that addressing their problems and treating them like they were human beings will be far more effective than shouting fascist! and thereby contributing to the polarization and divisiveness of this election, which, after all, is what Trump thrives on, and what got him elected, in the first place.
And, by the way, I am also all in favor of challenging the election in court, changing the electoral college system, or otherwise responding calmly and intelligently to the election, and even impeaching Trump, if he in fact commits actions which qualify for impeachment, as, for example, Lawrence Tribe has suggested. Simply calling him a fascist, however, will not help, and will probably contribute to the rise of right-wing extremism in America, which, however objectionable, will certainly be different than the fascism of the Western European 1930s, in Germany, Spain, Italy, and Britain. And, yes, in America, too, as Adorno’s writings make clear. But that’s a different era.
Secondly, I am not saying that Heidegger was an internal emigre. I am saying he was a Nazi Party member who, for a brief time in 1933/1934, followed the Party line—as was necessary from his position as Rector at Freiburg, which he resigned after a year, after making some stupid speeches (he later called them his GroBeste Dummheit, his greatest stupidity), and before becoming disillusioned with the Party—and who also regrettably endorsed certain politically objectionable positions—what Peter Trawny calls metaphysical anti-Semitism, which is distinct from the Nietzschean biological racism of the Nazi Party— but who also publicly endorsed certain dissident positions which placed him in danger of attack by the Nazi Party. I think it’s too simple to just call Heidegger a Nazi and then argue, as does Emmanuel Faye, among others, that Heidegger’s works should be purged from the philosophy departments and libraries, a position that strikes me as just as fascist as the fascists, and certainly more fascistic than Heidegger, who never committed any criminally violent actions, and was therefore far less guilty than the great number of Germans who did, many of whom, of course, were never, and will never be prosecuted, as Heidegger was.
I think Heidegger’s Nazism has to be understood in the world-historical context I describe, as a symptom of the extremely violent conflict between communists and fascists in 1930s Germany, which drove many people to take extreme positions and therefore led to Hitler’s takeover and the Nazi Terror. I think Heidegger did display courage in speaking out in his lectures against Nazi policy, and should be credited for that, even though we, in our privileged comfortable position in not-Nazi America, may find those positions objectionable. But like Jurgen Habermas says, who are we to judge Heidegger? When we don’t live in Nazi Germany, and don’t know what stupidities we might have committed, in that terrorist situation. What Nazi Germany and the SS death camps showed us was that in extreme situations, almost anybody can be driven to commit extreme acts. And Heidegger’s thought-crimes have to be understood in that context, when so many others committed far worse crimes, without having even what courage Heidegger did to resist.
I’d say Heidegger felt, wrongly or rightly, that he was a Nazi Party dissident, and risked himself and his family to oppose Nazi race policy, and then was falsely maligned by his opponents, who were far more Nazi than he was. After the war, Heidegger attempted to make clear his opposition to Nazism, which was also his opposition to Bolshevism, Americanism, and the whole technocratic world-system (Die Technik und das Gestell), including the crypto-totalitarian system we now live in, which Heidegger saw as a continuation of Bolshevism and Nazism. I actually think that the polemics of contemporary critics against Heidegger’s postwar texts, like “Overcoming Metaphysics”—which, I have repeatedly argued, is actually a scathing critique of Nazism—are really defensive reactions against Heidegger’s critique of the contemporary world-system, and therefore should be considered not as critiques of Heidegger, whom those critics appear not to want to understand, but as polemical positions to support their own compromised positions in that contemporary world-system. But again, that’s a different story…
Heidegger felt he was unfairly maligned by the French Postwar trials, when far greater Nazis, who certainly committed far greater dangerous, violent crimes, than Heidegger’s thought-crimes, not only got off the hook, but became the political elite of Postwar West Germany. In your blog, you cite Hannah Arendt against Heidegger, but you surely know that after the war, Arendt not only forgave Heidegger for his mistaken support of the Nazi Party, but actually defended him against his critics, and, by the way, hated Adorno and Horkeheimer for their attacks on Heidegger. I don’t want to take sides in that vicious intellectual squabble, I respect both Heidegger and the Frankfurt School, and Arendt, too, I just want to say there’s two sides to it, like everything, and listening to both sides prevents getting caught up in divisive, polarizing debates, which can escalate out of control and have consequences nobody expects.
Finally, I do find your attempt to make contemporary America into Nazi Germany, and Trump into Hitler, a dangerous exaggeration, partly because I think it risks becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy, and giving birth to real-live fascists and real-live Nazis, and partly because I lived through the 1960s and 1970s, when those comparisons were a stock ploy of the New Left student radicals, and resulted in radicalizing certain student activists, who took them seriously, and contemplated terrorist acts against the Fascist! Nazi! American State. And not only did those actions discredit the Anti-Vietnam war movement, but, at the U-Wisconsin Madison, for example, got a math graduate student killed in a bombing at the Army Math Center in Sterling Hall. The May Day bombers no doubt had good intentions in resisting the war in opposition to fascist! Nazi! Amerika!, and even called in the bombing to prevent killing anybody, but there were so many false bombing calls from the self-styled radical student left in Madison, WI, during that dangerous period, that the call didn’t get through, and somebody got killed. And that’s the danger of polarizing the situation and advocating violent action, which, I am absolutely sure are decidedly not your intentions, but which, I am afraid, might be the result of further provoking extreme responses to the 2016 US presidential election.
And I’d just ask: What would have happened if Trump had lost? And all those Trump supporters who feared the election was rigged against them were further radicalized? and maybe adopted more radical means of opposing what they consider radical-leftist-liberal American system? The great thing is, now whatever goes wrong in America will all be Trump & Co.’s fault! And can be blamed on them, and not the radical-liberal left, which will no doubt survive this election, and probably win the next one, as a result.
I thank you for your response and your provocative blog. I hope we can agree to disagree, and I certainly welcome any further response you might care to make.
Eric D. Meyer
PS: If you’d like to follow up the comparison of 1930s Nazi Germany and 1960s/1970s America, I’d suggest Thomas Pynchon’s Gravitys Rainbow, written between 1968 and 1972, which makes that comparison its basic metaphor, and is a great description of the radicalized mentality of that period. And a darn good book, too, when understood as symptomatic of that radicalized political context…
PPS: If, like Heidegger, I occasionally make stupid comments, I beg your indulgence. Like Trump and Heidegger, I’m only human, saying what comes to mind, and writing off the top of my head, which sometimes leads to great stupidities. In Heidegger’s case, as in mine…
Gabriella Grange December 25, 2016 At 10:09 pm
Dear Adam and Eric,
Thank you for the discussion. I’m a 23 year old black woman who majored in philosophy in undergrad, and I wasn’t sure how to process the election results. It’s discussions such as the one you’ve been having that motivate me to continue my studies in philosophy even when I’m currently taking a gap year before grad school.
Gabriella Grange
Adam Knowles December 28, 2016 At 10:03 am
Dear Gabriella,
Thanks for reading my piece and for your comment. I wish you the best of luck with your future philosophical career. Philosophy very much needs people thinking critically about race to continue to diversify the profession. Please feel free to contact me for advice at any point along the way. Grad school can be a difficult, daunting, but also very rewarding endeavor!
By the way, after writing my piece I discovered Drucilla Cornell’s essay “Seven Theses on Trump,” which offers a very persuasive argument for why Trump should be regarded as fascist.
Dear Gabriella Grange,
And thanks for listening. It’s great to know somebody our there is interested. I’ve read the piece on Critical Legal Thinking that Adam Knowles refers to, also, and CLT is also a website worth checking into. It’s interesting to me that Drucilla Cornell offers an argument for calling Trump a “fascist!” that is heavily larded with references to Nietzsche, who was actually the official (posthumous) philosopher of the Nazi Party, but who is still considered fashionable, trendy, and cool in the wonderful world of post-modernity, while Heidegger, who critiques the Western metaphysical world-view, Nietzsche’s philosophy, and post-modernity itself as fascist, is constantly harangued for his Nazism!
I won’t flog the Heidegger argument here further, except to say that Heidegger never accepted the Nietzschean biological racist line of the Nazi Party, and in Sec. XXVII of Overcoming Metaphysics offers a critique of the Nietzschean concept of superhumanity/subhumanity that puts Nazi racism in the context of Nietzsche’s Uebermensch nonsense, which is the philosophy of domination that supports racism. I’d also mention that Heidegger’s Nietzsche lectures were considered by his students as a slightly disguised critique of Nazi philosophy, although I’d admit that they were presented as an Aesopian allegory—a disguised critique, rather than an open attack on the Nazi Party and its racist policies. And I don’t want to make excuses for the fact that Heidegger, like millions of other Germans, did not stand up in public and speak out about Nazi anti-Semitism and the Final Solution, at the risk, of course, of himself and his family (wife, children, etc.) being tortured or murdered, or worse. It’s regrettable that Heidegger’s was a committed Nazi, and no doubt a bad influence on him, and his son Hermann was in a Soviet POW camp, where he no doubt suffered tortures almost equivalent to the Nazi camps.
I also don’t want to make excuses for Heidegger’s greatest stupidity, just to say he at least recognized it and subsequently critiqued himself for it, and I’d give him credit for that. I think it’s a great thing to be able to admit you’re wrong, sometimes, even if it detracts from your self-image as a great philosopher. But I will say I find Nietzsche’s philosophy to be thoroughly fascist, since it insists on the strictly biological/racial superiority of the master caste/master/race over the subhuman slave caste, and I find it very difficult to see how that’s not fascist.
I’d also like to say that if and when the Trump regime should start actually committing criminal acts of suppression of dissent (like this), murder, torture, and so on, equivalent to the Nazi anti-Semitic policy, I would hope that all those who cry out against fascism actually have the courage to risk their privileged professional positions and their privileged protected lives to oppose those policies, as I would have wished they would also have opposed, for example, the Central American death squads, Persian Gulf War, the Post-September 11th state of exception, the Second Gulf/Iraq War, the CIA black sites, Guantanamo Bay, and the Syrian catastrophe, all of which have occurred over the past two decades, without significant opposition from the scholarly community.
Thanks again for your comment, and I’d always be glad to get a response.
Mark D Fisher January 5, 2017 At 12:11 pm
Just a couple of questions for clarification.
“We must accept that we live in dire times of which nothing good will come.”
Why must we accept that?
Must we accept it, because it is true, and because we must accept the truth? Is that the force of the ‘must’ here? I can see the argument for ‘dire times’, but how do we go about establishing the ‘nothing good will come’ part? True or not, your saying it in this context struck me as both prophetic and nihilistic. I have serious reservations about accepting your word for its truth, and I’m not seeing the argument (vis a vis the future), so I’m having a hard time seeing why we must accept it.
Is it a practical imperative to accept it and to act as if it were true, whether or not it actually is? If so, it seems to be self-undermining. It is hard to see what good could come from accepting that, and acting as if, nothing good will come from these times. So, I’m just not sure I understand what you are doing in saying what it is that you are saying here.
“By electing Donald Trump we are normalizing sexual assault, xenophobia, Islamophobia, anti-immigrant hate speech, ableism and racism of all kinds. By electing Donald Trump we are normalizing rape culture and bullying. By electing Donald Trump we are normalizing white supremacy and a ferociously violent patriarchy. By electing a President who allied himself with Mike Pence, a proponent of gay conversion therapy, we are normalizing an atmosphere of violence and intimidation against the LGBTQ community.”
I believe I share the worries that lie behind your use of this language. I wonder, though, what are you appealing to when you say we are ‘normalizing’ all these things?
Aren’t most of these already both fairly normal (i.e., not uncommon) and in line with prevailing norms within some communities? Haven’t they been prevailing norms in (parts of) American Culture for as long as there has been anything identifiable as ‘American Culture’? It would seem to me that the norms associated with the desire to eradicate these kinds of behavior have always existed alongside, and in tension with, the norms that condone them.
Does the narrative in which it makes sense to say that these are being normalized at this historical moment make sense without the presupposition that we had progressed beyond these attitudes (to some extent, at least)? Sure, some people didn’t get the memo, but all of us who did know that there really is no legitimate normative force behind the ‘oughts’ and ‘musts’ that lead people to actions and attitudes that we deem as being sexist, xenophobic, racist, etc.
What if the claim that we had collectively left these attitudes behind, or at least agreed in principle that they were objectionable, was itself more of an attempt at fiat that an accurate description of where we really were/are? In other words, why take this as a case of normalizing these attitudes rather than taking it, say, as evidence counting against the thesis that we had actually made the kind of progress so many of us had hoped we had (or, in more neutral terms, that there had actually been the kind of changes that some of us believed there had been)?
I appreciate whatever clarification you might be able to provide on these points.
Mark D. Fisher
Adam Knowles January 6, 2017 At 10:47 pm
Thank you for your close attention to the text and for your comments. I will attempt to address them sequentially.
The ‘must’ is simply intended to prevent the possibility of retreating into what I regard as a dangerous and ultimately evasive form of denial. This form of wait-and-see placation will only allow for the escalation of Trump’s totalitarian tactics. I believe that he has offered us enough evidence of his fascist tendencies that we must respond by a total rejection of Trump.
Trump is the force of nihilism. Identifying and labeling that nihilism is not, in turn, nihilistic. If my tone sounds nihilistic that is because it is describing a nihilistic situation. The ‘must’ is not a truth claim, but instead an ethical demand. Yes, perhaps, nothing good will come from accepting that nothing good can come from the Trump phenomenon. But this is simply an affirmation of the fact nothing good can come from Trump. Any sliver of recognition of Trump risks opening the door to normalizing even further all that is deplorable about him. Acknowledging the possibility that something good could come from this proto-fascist demagogue would be to say that proto-fascist demagogues can be a source of the good. I am suggesting that we must reject that possibility. This is what I am calling the moral imperative to assume the worst.
Regarding normalization: yes, you are right the Trump phenomenon is an affirmation of just how terrifyingly normal the malicious forces of xenophobia, sexism and racism (among others) have long been in the U.S. But I disagree that, historically speaking, there is “no legitimate normative force behind the ‘oughts’ and ‘musts’ that lead people to actions and attitudes that we deem as being sexist, xenophobic, racist, etc.” Hasn’t the history of the United States been precisely the legitimization of this normative force? This is a country built on genocide, slavery, the systematic oppression of women, mass incarceration, the summary execution of people inside and outside of its territory, and the constant recourse to war as a tool of imperial expansion. It seems irresponsible to focus on some positivistic notion of moral progress while overlooking the violence systematically created by this country. Progress can become a delusion by which we overlook just how regressive we are.
One could make that more concrete: If there were no normative force behind the “ought” of the rapist who thinks—like Trump—that the bodies of women exist to be disposed of at the rapist’s will, then why would universities such as Stanford effectively punish women for reporting rape? Why else would Brock Turner be excused for his rape? This is not simply a matter of certain people not “getting the memo” as you say, but instead is symptomatic of a rape culture that, yes, was already normal, but is even further normalized by the election of a serial sexual predator to the office of the President.
On a somewhat unrelated note, and in response to many experiences I have had at the 2017 APA, I am seriously concerned about whether or not philosophy as it currently exists as an institutionalized discipline in the United States is at all equipped to respond to the Trump phenomenon. Part of the point of my original piece was to underscore that fact that the humanities and specifically philosophy assimilated with great rapidity to the rise of National Socialism. I believe that there are some very urgent conversations that need to take place that do not involve parsing out the truth value of philosophical claims, including my own. I am happy to revise any and all formulations in my piece for the sake of communicating the underlying ethical message I hoped to bring across. But above all, I hope that I have erred greatly in my assessment and that I will be proven wrong and that this essay will ultimately be nothing more than some quaint period piece of naïve and overwrought moral panic.
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Your Degree, Job, and Chronic Stress: Addressing the Social Determinants of Health
by Rishi Jaswaney | Aug 29, 2017 | Blog
Today is the first post from our 2017-18 Autry Fellow, Rishi Jaswaney. We’re happy to have him at MDC and writing for the State of the South blog!
We’ve all felt it before. That sinking feeling before a big exam, an interview, or when your favorite character on Game of Thrones is “removed from casting” in the throes of battle.
Stress. Side-effects may include: nausea, indigestion, headaches and excessive perspiration.
In limited amounts, stress can motivate us to pursue our personal and professional goals. As stressors pass in and out of our lives, the stress hormone, cortisol, naturally fluctuates, but as challenges persist, cortisol levels remain elevated. When stress is a chronic condition, it can be linked to anxiety, depression, and other developmental and psychological issues. Research documenting income-based patterns in health outcomes—including disparities in who is more likely to experience chronic stress—raises new questions regarding the state of health equity in our nation.
As seen in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) chart below, serious psychological distress is associated with severe health problems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, and diabetes. Even more concerning is the disproportionate clustering of these conditions in high-poverty communities, as reported by the CDC: “A total of 8.7 percent of adults with income below the federal poverty level had serious psychological distress, compared with 1.2 percent of adults with incomes at or above 400 percent of the poverty level.”
The daily economic, educational, and social challenges facing those in poverty can create barriers to health services and lead to poorer health outcomes. This idea is captured in the Social Determinants of Health framework, which The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined as the “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age.” The general argument is that people in high poverty communities are more susceptible to certain illnesses, have less access to health care providers, and are frequently forced to delay care or medicine for financial reasons. The proximity of clinics, public transportation options, and the quality of food vendors, all affect one’s ability to address health concerns and seek care. As the social determinants of health concept has taken hold, organizations like Kaiser Family Foundation have adopted more nuanced definitions, incorporating more detailed categories, as shown below.
The WHO and others have emphasized how money, power, and the distribution of resources (through institutional decisions and policy implementation) shape community conditions and drive health outcomes. In places where education, employment, and accessibility are falling behind national averages, health outcomes are trailing along with them. For example, in North Carolina, counties with the lowest rates of postsecondary attainment and employment (Robeson and Warren counties) also rank poorly on measures of low birthweight, obesity, and diabetes prevalence. Counties with the highest rates of postsecondary attainment and employment (Wake and Orange counties) have the lowest rates of these indicators.
Source: National County Health Rankings
If education and employment are key drivers of upward economic mobility, then people must be healthy enough to take advantage of these opportunities. There are many narratives about educational attainment as a predictor of health outcomes. Formal education often provides foundational principles of nutrition, healthy behaviors, and general health literacy. Education is also an avenue for insurance benefits through school plans or future employment opportunities. Lastly, education provides individuals with an intangible set of resources such as social networks, norms, and relationships that can cultivate healthy practices.
It is important to recognize that poorer health outcomes in high poverty areas have been driven by policy that marginalizes low-income communities. The provisions of the Affordable Care Act made strides in addressing issues of healthcare access, but in order to holistically address health equity, we must also consider the underlying environmental, social, and economic factors that enable good health. Improving preventative initiatives, health education, and access to nutritious foods are a few measures that could begin to eliminate these disparities, improve public health, and encourage, rather than hinder, economic mobility. Throughout my Autry year with MDC, I hope to continue shedding light on the social determinants of health that persistently marginalize low-income communities. Stay tuned for more posts on how these issues play out in Southern communities!
Fuel for the Future: Food Insecurity Threatens Long-term Mobility
by Stephanie Saunders | May 12, 2016 | Blog
Many of us think of food as soon as we think of home: traditional dishes, daily staples, favorites from childhood. Our ties to those conceptions of home and nourishment develop at an early age, when breastfeeding transitions to—ideally—a nutritious, balanced diet that leads to positive, long-term health behaviors, outcomes, and relationships with food. But it’s difficult to develop healthy habits and foundational memories when nourishing meals are hard to come by. That’s often the case for households where lack of income and disconnection from food production and supply put sufficient food out of reach. At the same time, through collaborative community efforts in both rural and urban food deserts, there are opportunities to sustain stores that carry fresh produce and local foods; to give children and their families a taste of what fresh food is like and where it comes from; and to provide education, empowering households to access healthy food and prepare balanced meals.
Shifts in unemployment, inflation, and the price of food are directly related to the prevalence of food insecurity. Transportation and education, essential to economic mobility and scarce in households of low socioeconomic status, are also key to connecting caregivers to the affordable, quality food they need to support a household. It follows that in the wake of the Great Recession, food insecurity rose significantly in rural and urban communities throughout the United States; more recently, with relatively increased economic prosperity, there has been some decline in those numbers. The USDA characterizes households along a continuum of high to very low food security; households that are food insecure fall into these two categories:
Low food security: Households reduced the quality, variety, and desirability of their diets, but the quantity of food intake and normal eating patterns were not substantially disrupted.
Very low food security: At times during the year, eating patterns of one or more household members were disrupted and food intake reduced because the household lacked money and other resources for food.
Morgan Wittman Gramann, managing director of NC Alliance for Health, writes, “Children across North Carolina are at risk for developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, some cancers, and other chronic diseases because they lack access to healthy, nutritious food. Families want to be healthy, but too many simply have nowhere to buy affordable lean meats, whole grains, fruits and vegetables.” Here’s what food insecurity looks like in North Carolina counties:
North Carolina Food Insecurity Rates
Source: Feeding America
North Carolina Child Food Insecurity Rates
The multi-generational implications of food insecurity compound the need for serious consideration of food systems and culture in the United States. Affordable, nutritious foods are accessible in grocery stores and supermarkets, but low-income neighborhoods, communities of color, and rural areas throughout the United States have few to zero grocery stores and supermarkets. Almost 350 communities in the state of North Carolina are USDA-classified food deserts, in which residents must travel over 10 miles in rural areas and one mile in urban areas in order to reach a grocery store. Rural communities are particularly vulnerable, according to the Food Literacy Center: the South continues to have the highest poverty rate among people in families living in rural areas, at 23 percent. Seventeen percent of rural households are food insecure—an estimated 3.3 million.
Though it is a daunting challenge, community-based programs, policy reform, and legislation combine food access and education, thus expanding opportunity for families, children, and the community at large. At the national level, in 2020, for the first time ever, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in the USDA 2014 Farm Bill will include recommendations for birth to age two—supporting healthy eating early in a child’s life that can be sustained over a lifetime. And the SNAP program (commonly known as Food Stamps) requires education programs that include individual or group-based nutrition education and health promotion intervention strategies. Here in North Carolina, Healthy Places NC, a place-based initiative of the Kate B. Reynolds Charitable Trust, is aimed at improving the long-term health and overall quality of life for people in rural areas of North Carolina, like Rockingham County, through projects and partnerships. There, Rockingham County Partnership for Children collaborates with Rockingham Community College to host the Harvesting Health program. Families explore the connections between local food production, healthy lifestyles, and nutrition. The program gives children hands-on opportunities to taste locally grown food, cook with fresh produce, and increase understanding of healthy eating through health and wellness workshops. For more on their work thus far, and future plans within the community, see their feature in the December 2015 Healthy Places NC Community College Learning Network newsletter.
Homes, schools, and communities share in the responsibility of cultivating skills and illuminating opportunity in order to fuel a sustainable future for children—which includes their ability to navigate our complex food systems. To address food insecurity requires addressing the conditions that perpetuate poverty—transportation, education, and employment. We must prioritize the supplemental education, sustainable infrastructure, and healthful behaviors that will give the next generation a solid foundation for economic mobility, longevity, and the energy—fueled by healthy food!—to contribute to a vibrant South.
Building a Healthy Infrastructure of Opportunity
by Anna Shelton-Ormond | Sep 8, 2015 | Blog
Pinpointing one all-encompassing reason why healthcare disparities between racial groups in quality and access persist is as unrealistic as waving a magic wand to find a solution. Examining this phenomenon requires us to consider social determinants of health, the historical structures of racism, and the intersection of several public systems.
Last month, the American Public Health Association led this sort of examination in a webinar about systemic racism and assessing inequitable health outcomes. In the discussion, panelists from the University of Illinois School of Public Health, the National Collaborative for Health Equity, and the Mayo Clinic School of Medicine noted that although the Affordable Care Act has increased insurance coverage within racial groups, disparities between groups remain. The tide of healthcare coverage is rising, but individual social determinants of health (age, race, socioeconomic status, place, gender, disability status, etc.) often overlap to keep folks from being able to “float” to the same level of access and quality.
The intersections of disadvantage in health care outcomes across income, race, and place, for example, are not only social and systemic, but also plagued by the psychology of implicit biases. Healthcare professionals, like the rest of us, are human beings with their own set of internalized beliefs about the world. Acting according to implicit bias built from our own identity and experiences is efficient and effortless; our tasks are easier when we rely on this readily-available knowledge-set. But this tendency is dangerous if something as crucial as healthcare provision is largely concentrated in the hands—and therefore the implicit biases—of one segment of the overall population: that is, the white segment of the population.
For example, a study released by the American Association of Medical Colleges shows that from 1980-2004 white physicians have largely dominated the medical field, while black and Hispanic populations are underrepresented. More recently, the Texas Department of State Health Services published data showing that white healthcare professionals in Texas are more likely to hold higher-paying positions such as primary care physicians and less likely to act as community health workers, while the inverse is true for African Americans and Hispanics. The study shows us that even in states where people of color make up a large portion of the population, white people are in more powerful positions in disproportionately large numbers. The faces, experiences, and knowledge-sets of Texas’ healthcare providers, then, cannot truly be reflective of the wide array of needs of the patients requesting care—an argument of provider-patient disconnect that could be extended to other Southern states with similar demographics.
Providing quality healthcare for individuals with an array of identities and experiences should involve an unbiased approach to health assessment and treatment, thoughtfully addressing the realities that lead patients to require the care they’re seeking. Knowing and understanding patients and approaching them as partners in addressing health issues is a valuable framework for equitable treatment. For example, an anonymous article published in the Annals of Internal Medicine last month graphically describes how doctors with privileged identities (e.g. male, white) have acted inappropriately towards patients with less privileged identities (e.g. female, Latina), partially due to a lack of understanding and empathy towards those whose identities and experiences are different from their own. Such a testimonial reveals the necessity for increased representation of the wide range of people—across race, socioeconomic background, gender, etc.—that seek quality healthcare. The author described the need for his piece in the journal as a “silence to break.”
But something else must also be broken: a cycle that perpetuates a relationship between high wealth and better health outcomes. Increasing diversity at all levels of healthcare professions in order to improve health outcomes for people of color becomes rather daunting if you consider that getting the necessary education to hold such positions is influenced by an individual’s health outcomes, and various other interrelating social factors. If we want to address racialized health disparities, we have to look at the whole picture—what our regular readers know we like to call the infrastructure of opportunity. Addressing health disparities within such a framework means asking what public policies, community supports, and social structures are in place to address the ties between health outcomes and other social determinants of health. What is the relationship between upward mobility into quality jobs and the accessibility of quality healthcare?
To address the socially harmful association between wealth and health, we have to understand that access to quality healthcare, as well as housing and transportation, isn’t inevitably set along lines of race and wealth advantage/disadvantage, but is rather intentionally embedded into our society via an economic system that turns rights into privileges. Indeed, focused and justice-oriented action within to change the systemic cycle of low opportunity equating with poor health outcomes can generate hope: we have the power to do better, because we are the architects of the faulty system. A problem-solving lens that focuses on an infrastructure of opportunity allows us to not only address cycles of inequity, but also to build better pathways to equity for future generations. Such a view surely must take healthcare access and quality into account in order to build a (literally) healthy platform for future mobility.
Anna Ormond is MDC’s 2015-2016 Autry Fellow.
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MDC, a nonprofit based in Durham, N.C., began publishing State of the South reports in 1996 to further its mission of helping communities, organizations, and leaders close the gaps that separate people from opportunity. Founded in 1967 to help North Carolina make the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy and from a segregated to an integrated workforce, MDC now focuses on increasing educational attainment, connecting people to work that pays, and helping them get the resources they need to become successful. To accomplish that, MDC publishes research that highlights the importance of removing inequities; organizes leaders community-wide to create a will for change; develops programs that strengthen the workforce and foster economic development; and incubates those programs so they can be made sustainable and replicated at scale.
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Monday 8 June 2020 (other days)
Monday of week 10 in Ordinary Time
Let us rejoice in the Lord, with songs let us praise him.
Other saints: Saint James Berthieu (1838 - 1896)
Madagascar, Southern Africa
James Berthieu was born in 1838 in France. He was ordained a priest in 1864. At the age of 35 he joined the Society of Jesus and in 1875 left for Madagascar where he spent the rest of his life. The local people started fighting in order to chase away the French Colonialists and to destroy the Christian faith. The colonial authority managed to suppress the rebellion. But, in 1896, during another rebellion, Fr Berthieu was taken prisoner, beaten and put into prison. He was asked to reject his faith in order to save his life, but he said he preferred death to apostasy. On the night of 8 June 1896, while he was praying, he was shot dead and his body thrown in the river Mananara.
He was canonized on 21 October 2012.
Other saints: St William of York (-1154)
Hallam, Hexham & Newcastle, Leeds, Middlesbrough
William Fitzherbert was born at the end of the eleventh century into a position of favour and wealth, and was a nephew of the future King Stephen. In his early days he received a good education and when he took holy orders, he became the treasurer of the cathedral church of York. Even if he received this office through patronage, it was generally agreed that he carried it out with wisdom and charity.
This was the time of the accession of King Stephen and the civil war with Queen Maud, with all the disastrous effects that it was bound to have on the government of the Church in England. When William was elected to the archbishopric of York in 1140, his election was challenged by supporters of the Queen because of his family relationship with the King. So began a dispute over his position as archbishop that was to continue almost until the time of William’s own death. Some accounts would suggest that he was ill-served by his advisers and suffered the disadvantages of having too many politically minded relatives in positions of authority. But he himself would seem to have lived an exemplary life and was even careless of his own interests. Although Pope Innocent II upheld the appointment, the next Pope Eugenius III suspended him from his duties on the advice of no less than St Bernard of Clairvaux and another candidate was appointed to the See of York.
William retired for seven years to Winchester where his uncle was bishop and papal legate and lived there quietly without complaint. It was only when his successor at York died and he was again elected to the archbishopric that he travelled to Rome and received the pallium from Pope Anastasius IV. On his return to England, William was mild and conciliatory towards his former enemies and well-liked by his flock. But he had hardly begun work in the city of York when he was taken ill and died in 1154. He was buried in his cathedral and the solemn translation of his relics took place in 1283.
Middlesbrough Ordo
Second Reading: St Ignatius of Antioch (- 107)
He was the second bishop of Antioch after St Peter (the first being Evodius). He was arrested (some writers believe that he must have been denounced by a fellow-Christian), condemned to death, and transported to Rome to be thrown to the wild beasts in the arena. In one of his letters he describes the soldiers who were escorting him as being like “ten leopards, who when they are kindly treated only behave worse.”
In the course of his journey he wrote seven letters to various churches, in which he dealt wisely and deeply with Christ, the organisation of the Church, and the Christian life. They are important documents for the early history of the Church, and they also reveal a deeply holy man who accepts his fate and begs the Christians in Rome not to try to deprive him of the crown of martyrdom.
He was martyred in 107.
Jeremiah 31:33 ©
This is the covenant I will make with the House of Israel when those days arrive – it is the Lord who speaks. Deep within them I will plant my Law, writing it on their hearts. Then I will be their God and they shall be my people.
I will make an everlasting covenant with them. I will not cease in my efforts for their good, and I will put respect for me into their hearts, so that they turn from me no more.
Ezekiel 34:31 ©
You, my sheep, are the flock I shall pasture, and I am your God – it is the Lord who speaks.
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West Virginia Deadly Floods: Obama Declares...
West Virginia Deadly Floods: Obama Declares Major Disaster
US President Barack Obama has declared a major disaster in the state of West Virginia, where the worst floods in more than a century have left at least 24 people dead.
Mr Obama ordered federal aid for three of the worst affected counties following a request by Governor Earl Ray Tomblin.
Residents will now receive grants for temporary housing and repairs.
More than 30,000 homes and businesses are without power.
Heavy rain on Thursday turned rivers and streams into torrents, cutting off several towns.
The floods are the worst in a century in some areas and hundreds of people have had to be rescued.
President Obama “ordered federal aid to supplement state and local recovery efforts in the area affected by severe storms, flooding, landslides and mudslides”, a White House statement said.
Mr Tomblin said the federal help included medical support and housing to Kanawha, Greenbrier and Nicholas counties.
Officials were still assessing the damage in other areas and additional requests for aid could follow, he added.
West Virginia received a quarter of its annual rainfall in a single day, the US National Weather Service said.
A storm system dumped up to 10 inches (250mm) of rain on parts of the state, causing rivers and streams to overflow.
Tough task
More than 100 homes were destroyed, some of them torn from their foundations and carried away, and an estimated 32,000 residences were still without power.
Teams removed people from upper-floor windows, tops of trees and cars.
Among those rescued were a 97-year-old woman and a family of five including an infant, officials said.
About 500 people were trapped in a shopping centre as crews scrambled to build a new gravel road to reach them.
Meanwhile, officials continued to try to reach others stranded in devastated areas.
States of emergency have been declared in 44 of the state’s 55 counties, and up to 500 soldiers have been authorised to assist in the rescue operations.
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(en) Ecuador: "Down with Lenin!" (ca, ) [machine translation]
Date Thu, 10 Oct 2019 10:38:42 +0300
In Ecuador, from October 3, protests against the neoliberal measures of President Lenin Moreno have not stopped. At the request of the IMF, the regime introduced a package of austerity measures. The population responded with mass demonstrations and blockades. The response of the authorities was the militarization of the country. ---- At the end of last week, it was reported that the president left Quito and moved to Guayaquil. Before that, he announced on October 3 that he would introduce a state of emergency for a period of 60 days in order to suppress the outbreak of protests. The reason was the measures that came into force on October 3, which the country calls the "package." According to this presidential decree, vacations for public sector employees and civil servants will be cut from 30 to 15 days, and the amount of payment for one day will be deducted from the monthly salary. Temporary workers face a 20% reduction in wages. But the greatest outrage was caused by the abolition of subsidies for gasoline and fuel, which would lead to an increase in transportation prices and a general increase in prices by 2 times.
Already on October 3, opposition organizations called for a nationwide strike, and trade unions convened their members to "information meetings." Hundreds of rallies, demonstrations, road blockades and other actions took place during the day. Transport workers stopped working, paralyzing traffic throughout the country (a couple of days later, however, they treacherously stopped the strike, seeking only an official increase in fares and transportation by transport - approx.). Quito Airport was closed. Stormy clashes erupted in Quito and other cities: the army and police attacked demonstrators. The Defender of the People (a typical human rights function in Latin America) Freddie Carrion Intriago condemned the violence of law enforcement and demanded to inform about the places where the detainees are kept.
Moreno was elected president in 2017 as a candidate from the left coalition, but since then, contrary to his own promises, has entered into an alliance with right-wing neoliberals (https://www.dw.com/de/hunderte-festnahmen-bei-streik-in-ecuador/a-50708192).
In Quito, Guayaquil and other cities, protesters erected barricades and set fire to tires.
In the following days, protests, clashes and repression continued. A lot of dead and wounded are reported. At least 360 people were arrested. In Quito, protesters set fire to police cars, bombed government buildings with incendiary bombs, and blocked streets. Moreno refuses to negotiate and restore subsidies. 24,000 troops were mobilized to patrol streets, roads and airports ( https://www.dw.com/de/hunderte-festnahmen-bei-streik-in-ecuador/a-50708192 ).
According to the KONAIE Association of Native American Associations, in the province of Imbabura, soldiers broke into houses and threatened residents. During clashes between residents and soldiers, 7 people were arrested. The pro-government newspaper "Telegrafo" tried on October 7 to give the impression of a normalization of the situation, saying that schools were working again. However, in the mountains, in the Sierra, they are still closed. The newspaper is also not reporting that the unions scheduled a general strike on October 10.
El Telegrafo reported that 29,000 soldiers are deployed at 40 different locations in the center of the country. The troops "guarantee the protection of fuel supplies in the areas of Coyoctoro, Canyar County, Loja Cuenca, Saraguro, Cayamba Quito and El Churcho in the province of Morona Santiago." About 50 thousand police officers guard enterprises and firms in order to prevent their defeat.
After two days of fierce clashes between the police and the armies, on the one hand, and mostly peaceful demonstrators, on the other, October 3 and 4, October 6 was quiet in Quito. Obviously, the repression had an effect and intimidated the population. In the capital alone, 150 people were arrested; they were beaten and harassed. Many of those arrested are not allowed to contact lawyers.
Now the Native American organizations united in KONAYE have come to the forefront of protests. CONAIA, for its part, has declared its own state of emergency in areas where Indians make up the majority of the population. Soldiers and policemen invading this territory are detained and transferred to Native American justice. In Alausi, the Oindians are holding 47 soldiers. In Ambato, they seized a radio station and turned off many radio and television transmitters. Across the country, Indians erect barricades on roads and highways.
The troops and the police do not hesitate to resort to repression. So, on October 4, soldiers shot and killed a young Indian in Kayamba; in Riobamba, a young man was shot dead, filming the protests on camera. Many similar serious incidents have been reported on social media, but the official media are silent.
"This is the largest and fastest popular mobilization in 35 years ...", a former Ecuadorian diplomat explained in an interview with amerika21, who refused to give his name out of fear of reprisals. "Shortly after his election in 2017, Moreno quickly shifted to neoliberal politics in the economy and in many in other areas. Left ministers were removed from the government and representatives of entrepreneurs were introduced. Decisions were made about cuts in the social system. Unemployment grew rapidly to the high levels of the 1990s. I believe that the current "mobilization of the population, especially Native American, may lead to the overthrow of the government or, at least, to the abolition of measures, which in itself will mean a weakening of the regime." He does not believe that Moreno will be able to sit in the presidential chair until 2021 (https://amerika21.de/2019/10/232334/ecuador-moreno-iwf-generalstreik-repress).
The leader of the kayambi Indians in northern Ecuador, Luis Iguamba, said pressure on the government will increase. "We are fighting for everyone," he said, and cannot allow the violation of the rights that we all have. "Therefore, everyone and everyone - be alert and continue the fight. Let's radicalize the strike!"
BBC America Editor C. Piett recalls that protests led by Indians over the past decades have led to the overthrow of 3 presidents of Ecuador (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49955695)
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International Labor Solidarity in a Time of Pandemic
A new geoeconomic order is creating opportunities for organizing along supply chains.
Manoj Dias-Abey
Image: Work at a garment factory in the outskirt of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. (ILO/Aaron Santos)
As governments have imposed physical distancing measures to slow the spread of the virus, the engines of global economic production have ground to a standstill. Almost half of humanity is under some form of lockdown. No one knows for certain the long-term impacts, but the IMF predicts that global output per head will shrink by 4.2 per cent this year, almost three times more than the amount logged in 2009 during the global financial crisis. In some cases, the once-creaking welfare systems of rich Global North countries have responded with remarkable speed, announcing a range of measures to keep businesses afloat, protect employment, and provide income support to those who have lost their jobs—although Alexandria Ocasio Cortez has pointed out that the American version, true to form, benefits corporations more than individuals. As Pankaj Mishra recently put it, “it has taken a disaster for the state to assume its original responsibility to protect citizens.” However, citizenship is the fulcrum upon which this newfound social solidarity turns. Workers in the Global South who have lost their jobs as a result of COVID-19 have been left destitute and homeless with almost no support forthcoming from their governments or the international community. Similarly, many migrant workers in the United States fall outside the purview of the state welfare aid.
The crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to be a clarifying moment: labor keeps the global economy powered, if that was ever in doubt.
The public health and economic crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have the potential to be a clarifying moment: labor keeps the global economy powered, if that was ever in doubt. While the professional managerial class sees out the lockdown in the comfort of their own homes, learning new hobbies and practicing forbearance towards their loved ones, others must continue to go out to work in broadly defined “essential jobs,” often wearing no protective gear. We have come to appreciate how broken the labor market has become for the many who work in poorly remunerated jobs under a range of precarious arrangements. But we need to extend this vision to include those to whom we are connected by the economy, planet, and fate.
We must start from a recognition that we live in a deeply interconnected world, and that this is in no small part due to the deliberate decisions taken by Global North countries since the late 1970s. As their leaders lowered barriers to the internationalization of production and finance, firms looking to maintain rates of profit in the face of stiff competition from a newly ascendant Germany and Japan began to offshore production to countries with lower unit labor costs. In the ensuing decades, complex global value chains to produce goods developed that crisscross the entire globe. Lead firms based in the Global North, while avoiding legal liability for the condition of workers employed by their suppliers, still control and coordinate the entire production process. Goods including food, electronics, apparel, and even surgical masks, are now produced in value chains. It is along these modern-day trade and logistics routes that the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread with such speed and lethality.
The ILO estimates that over 450 million workers worldwide are employed in value chain-related jobs. Other estimates put the figure at twice as much. Value chains, and by extension those employed in them, have been impacted by two interrelated shocks arising out of the pandemic: first, the lockdown measures aimed at slowing down the spread of the infection, and second, the resulting lack of demand from consumers in the Global North. Already laboring under difficult and insecure conditions, the pandemic has hit workers in these value chains hard. Lead firms have moved swiftly to halt production, in some cases cancelling existing orders and refusing to pay for raw materials purchased and production costs incurred. Suppliers in turn have responded by furloughing their large workforces without any pay or severance; in the case of Bangladesh, the world’s second largest exporter of garments, over 1.2 million have already been affected out of a total of around 4.5 million workers. Although public pressure has forced some companies to pledge unspecified amounts to help workers, as the scholar Genevieve LeBaron recently pointed out on Twitter, the cancellation of orders while collecting government bailouts has once again exposed the hollowness of corporate social responsibility.
Just as our economies depend upon armies of low-wage workers in overseas factories, workers from the Global South also perform vital work inside our borders.
Just as our economies depend upon armies of low-wage workers in overseas factories, workers from the Global South also perform vital work inside our borders. Constituting 17.4 per cent of the U. S. labor force, migrant workers provide a critical segment in both low-wage industries—such as agriculture, care, and hospitality—and high-wage industries, such as information technology. Some of these workers are naturalized American citizens, others are “resident aliens” or have been brought into the country on a range of guestworker programs (e.g. H-1B, H-2A and H-2B visas), and yet others are undocumented (for example, it is estimated that 50 to 70 percent of farm workers in the United States do not have authorization to work). Since a significant portion of migrant workers are employed in essential jobs, they must continue to work despite the lockdown, often without the protective gear that would prevent infection. There is no greater evidence of the pathologies at the heart of America’s immigration system than the fact that undocumented workers face the threat of deportation on their journey to and from performing this essential work. Although desperately in need of assistance to see this crisis out, farmworkers are unlikely to derive much benefit from the $2 trillion aid package passed by Congress and signed into law by the President on March 27. Resident aliens and temporary migrant workers are similarly excluded from important aspects of the CARES Act.
The pandemic and the near-total shutdown of our economic life will undoubtedly shift our views about the work and lives that we value, and role of the state to provide aid to those who we see as a part of our community. After decades of neoliberal theory and practice, it is no mean feat to get to once again see the state as a protector of its citizens, rather than a mere facilitator of economic exchange. To seize the moment, prominent labor law scholars have been quick to argue that positive sentiment alone is not enough—we need the institutionalization of a new social contract underpinned by a range of vital employment and labor law reforms (here and here). Equally important is a new global settlement for work that values and provides for those who stitch our clothes, assemble our electronic goods, pick our fruits and vegetables, and look after our elderly and vulnerable.
What might a new global settlement for work look like? It might be tempting to articulate an ideal theory of international solidarity and then develop a series of prescriptions flowing from that principle. However, we have to start with the world we find ourselves in, not the world of which we might dream. Perry Anderson once suggested that to understand the dominant modes of articulating internationalism, we must first take account of prevailing conceptions of nationalism. A vision of American primacy underpinned by the pathos of white grievance lies at the heart of American nationalism today. In the international sphere, this translates in a move towards what some have called a “geoeconomic order,” in which the dominant players (U.S., China, European Union) compete for influence and gain at each other’s expense. The pandemic is likely to only hasten this seismic shift in international politics and economics. Trump’s announcement that the United States would be halting funding to the World Health Organization is the latest step in a slow retreat away from international organizations and multilateralism. The embarrassing failure to produce sufficient quantities of ventilators and masks to deal with the health emergency is likely to lead in the medium term to the reconfiguration of value chains—they are likely to become shorter—and the expansion of productive capacity within the state. To some extent, this process was already underway prior to the crisis due to the trade war between the United States and China, but we are likely to see an acceleration. Finally, the trajectory of rising labor unrest in both the Global North and Global South is expected to continue as the imminent economic depression begins to affect profit margins.
This challenging environment presents several opportunities for more international cooperation between labor movements—with “bottom up” and “top down” dimmensions. We should be responding with legal reforms that facilitate this labor movement-driven international solidarity. Some promising cases suggest that shorter and more regionally integrated value chains have more potential for worker organizing. For example, a new farmworker union in Washington state, Familias Unidas por la Justicia, managed to win a labor contract in 2016 by organizing alongside Mexican workers producing for the same distributor. There have also been some tentative efforts by workers employed by suppliers to force lead firms to sign legally binding agreements regulating labor conditions in both domestic suppliers (e.g. Coalition of Immokalee Workers and Migrant Justice) and overseas suppliers (Bangladesh Accord and a gender justice agreement in Lesotho). Another hopeful development is organizing in the logistics sector given how central “just-in-time” production has become to the corporate strategy of lead firms. These efforts have resulted in a better deal for workers employed by suppliers, even if they only represent, at this stage, green shoots. Legal changes to promote these forms of international solidarity must be part of the conversation when we talk about a new labor law settlement. The Clean Slate for Worker Power agenda contains some of the central reforms that would be necessary, such as enabling workers to exercise the right to strike and picket strategically, but as I have argued elsewhere, we could go further.
After decades of neoliberal theory and practice, it is no mean feat to get to once again see the state as a protector of its citizens, rather than a mere facilitator of economic exchange.
In addition, there needs to be a strengthening of the mechanisms of international and transnational labor governance and migration governance. At the international level, the International Labor Organization, which celebrated its 100-year anniversary in 2019, struggles for relevance in a vastly changed global environment. The International Organization for Migration seems unable to resolve the tension between competing aspects of its mandate—protecting the human rights of migrants and promoting “orderly and regular” migration. While continuing to advocate for the United States to work constructively with and within these organizations, we need to acknowledge that their prospects seem dim in the new geoeconomic order. It might be more fruitful to shift focus to other arenas of transnational governance and treat them as important terrains of struggle. This includes plurilateral trade agreements such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which the Obama Administration championed, but Trump abandoned as soon as he assumed office. Scholars generally view some of the innovations for labor governance within the CPTPP positively, although more could be done to shift all aspects of trade (IP, investment, rules of origin) towards a pro-worker agenda. Of course, to repurpose trade agreements for fair trade would require a major rethinking of our current institutions, methods, and objectives. In the migration field, the United States could negotiate bilateral migration agreements with sending states that regulate the labor migration cycle comprehensively rather than relying on unscrupulous labor recruiters. Labor organizations in both sending and receiving states would need to participate in the negotiations. Rich states can play an important role in ensuring that these forms of governance balance the interests of capital and labor more evenly in the global economy, but this will require us to demand that United States rejects imperialism.
Many of these reforms are unlikely to offer any immediate succor to those living in the Global South. Although rates of infection are relatively low at the moment, the consequences of COVID-19 spreading more widely are likely to be terrifying. We know that the impact of the virus are likely to be exacerbated in the Global South due to factors such as cramped living conditions and poor sanitation, as well as various existing comorbidities in the population, such as malnutrition, TB, and HIV. Mike Davis reminds us that 60 per cent of the Spanish flu deaths occurred in western India due to factors such as malnutrition. Already burdened public health systems will be overwhelmed. While more than 80 per cent of the world’s population lives in low or middle-income countries, they only account for 20 per cent of global health spending. Faced with this onslaught and contemplating the loss of remittance income from their migrant workers due to increasing border restrictions, massive capital flight, and onerous debt obligations, Global South countries will have very limited room to maneuver. Global action must consist of a range of measures including the cancellation of debt, additional IMF lending free from Washington Consensus conditions, and extensive assistance in the field of health, including providing vaccines at an affordable cost to those living in poorer countries. Financial assistance provided to companies based in the United States should be made conditional on responsible behavior towards overseas suppliers.
Pandemics show us that the local can very quickly become the global. In January and February, we watched as those in Wuhan contended with the spread of the coronavirus through their city; we told ourselves that we were safe. However, viruses do not respect national borders, and our interconnected economy means that they can travel along the circuits of capital at lightning speed. The global reach of the pandemic means that we have suffered a set of shared experiences, which allows us to imagine the lives of others in ways that might have been difficult before. This creates radical possibilities for solidarity.
Viruses do not respect national borders, and our interconnected economy means that they can travel along the circuits of capital at lightning speed.
Writing about the meaning that we make out of disaster, Rebecca Solnit observed that “disaster is sometimes a door back into paradise, the paradise at least in which we are who we hope to be, do the work we desire, and are each our sister’s and brother’s keeper.” Although not inevitable, the pandemic might help us see that it is possible to realize a country where we are responsible for those around us, and this should give us some hope. If we start to see ourselves as each other’s keepers, we can demand that our governments also take a more expansive view of their responsibilities in an interdependent world.
While we have you...
...we need your help. Confronting the many challenges of COVID-19—from the medical to the economic, the social to the political—demands all the moral and deliberative clarity we can muster. In Thinking in a Pandemic, we’ve organized the latest arguments from doctors and epidemiologists, philosophers and economists, legal scholars and historians, activists and citizens, as they think not just through this moment but beyond it. While much remains uncertain, Boston Review’s responsibility to public reason is sure. That’s why you’ll never see a paywall or ads. It also means that we rely on you, our readers, for support. If you like what you read here, pledge your contribution to keep it free for everyone by making a tax-deductible donation.
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on canal du midi
canal cruising in france
Representing Locaboat Holidays in Australia & New Zealand since 2002
cruising the canal du midi
canal du midi - camargue
most popular canal in france
The Canal du Midi winds gracefully through a typically Mediterranean landscape: vines, cypresses, pine trees and a riot of flowers exude their glorious aroma whilst cicadas and crickets shrill all around. Shaded by plane trees you will journey from town to town, each with its tale to tell from an eventful history. Carcassonne, Béziers, Narbonne and many others invite you to taste mouthwatering regional specialties and such unusual wines as Pacherenc, made from late-picked grapes. To see on the skyline the towers of Carcassonne is a heart-stopping moment, so formidable are the fortifications restored by Viollet le Duc and now granted World Heritage status by UNESCO.
canal du midi - MINERVOIS
Argens - Lattes: 1 week / 10 days
Argens - Negra/ 1 week
Select a pénichette
Rent a boat in Bram or Argens
Etang de Thau, Canal du Midi From Argens, the Canal du Midi meanders through a typically Mediterranean landscape: vines, cypresses, pine trees and a plethora of flowers scent the air against the background chirping of grasshoppers and cicadas. Under the shade of the great plane trees,you’ll savour the rich regional cuisine of succulent dishes and magnificent wines. Splendidly restored by Viollet-le-Duc in the 19th century, Carcassonne is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. You will get a stunning view on the Citadel from your canal barge. The 52 turrets and double ring of walls of the largest medieval fortress in Europe proudly overlook the new town below. Further east, Narbonne was once the largest city in Roman Gaul; in the city center, the Archbishops’ Palace and the Cathedral make up a remarkable architectural ensemble. In Béziers the Gothic cathedral of St Nazaire towers watch over the home town of Pierre-Paul Riquet, the man who built the Canal du Midi. You are just a few miles from the coast so why not get on your bikes and take a swim in the Mediterranean Sea!
Lattes - Lattes or one way trip to Argens or Negra
Rent a boat in lattes
Canal du Rhône à Sète, le Lez, Etang de Thau, Canal du Midi, Petit Rhône From Cap d’Agde to the Camargue, only a thin strip of white sand separates the Mediterranean Sea from the canals and lagoons that you cruise through with your canal boat. From Lattes, just outside Montpellier, enjoy the bathing at Palavas les Flots. At the edge of the sand and the sea stands the Cathedral of Maguelonne, while in the seaport of Sète canals crisscross the picturesque old town. On the Etang de Thau you follow the channel through the middle of oyster beds to arrive at Agde, originally founded by the ancient Greeks. From Lattes you can cruise instead along the Canal du Rhône à Sète: proudly rising above the lagoons and salt flats of the Midi is the fortified town of Aigues Mortes, founded in 1240 by St Louis. In the “Petite Camargue” you can visit the typical fishing village of Le Grau du Roi, Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, the splendid abbey church of St-Gilles and Beaucaire with its great keep looking down on a maze of medieval alleys.
canal du midi - Lauragais
Negra - Bram - Argens - Lattes: 1 or 2 weeks.
Rent a boat in negra
Canal du Midi, Canal latéral à la Garonne The Canal du Midi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and allows you to appreciate the genius of its designer, Pierre-Paul Riquet, while introducing you to three centuries of history. Our new base at BRAM is in an ideal spot, just a few kilometres from Castelnaudary, famed for its cuisine, especially cassoulet (duck confit with beans). As you cruise towards the Mediterranean, you can easily get to Carcassonne. Magnificently restored by Viollet-le-Duc in the 19th century, Carcassonne is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With its 52 tall towers, Europe’s largest fortress proudly looms over the lower town. From its double circle of ramparts the view is breathtaking. Further west, from our Négra base, the green canal, fringed with centuries-old plane trees, will take you to Toulouse. The town is known as the Pink City because of the colour of its buildings. The Garonne flows through the city, which has features of outstanding historical interest, including the Romanesque Basilica of Saint-Sernin, one of its finest treasures. The Basilica was first built in 250 AD as a home for the relics of Saint Saturninus and became one of the most important places of pilgrimage in western Europe during the middle ages. Today it is the largest surviving Romanesque church in Europe.
BON VOYAGE !
a division of france at your fingertips - paris provence
french canal cruise specialist in Australia since 2002
france at your fingertips - paris provence © 2020
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Archive > Season 36 >
The teams (all 160 of them) are split into 32 groups of five teams. The groups are ranked, based each teams top 15 players average CSR, and then the top 20 ranked teams are spread out in the Top 4 groups.
The top 4 groups will play for the Cup. Groups 5 to 8 play for the Plate, 9 to 12 play for the Bowl, 13 to 16 play for the Shield, 17 to 20 play for the Vase, 21 to 24 will play for the Plaque, 25 to 28 will play for the Resin, and lastly groups 29-32 will play for the Jonesy.
There are 10 group rounds (Rounds 1-10) and everyone plays each other home and away. Each team will have 8 fixtures and 2 byes throughout the group rounds.
Inline with new Season 28 BR rule changes, Points are tallied by winning matches (4 points) and playing to a draw (2 points). One bonus point (BT) will be awarded to any team that scores 3 or more tries than their opponent in a single game, regardless of the final result.
A bonus point (BL) may also be awarded to the losing side if the margin of loss is 7 points or less. Only the losing side can achieve the maximum 2 bonus points.
After the group rounds the teams finishing in the top four in each group will move forward to the knockout rounds, with the grand finals being in week 14.
When two or more teams are tied on total points, the higher-ranked team will be determined by the following criteria in order:
- Points Difference
- Total wins in current WCC season
- more bonus tries (BT)
- more loss points (BL)
The teams that finish on top of the table in each group will earn home games in the knockout round and the quarter finals as a reward for topping their groups.
The teams that finish in 2nd place on the table in each group will earn home games in the knock-out round only, as a reward for coming 2nd.
The teams that finish in 5th place after the group rounds have been completed, will not progress on to the finals, and their WCC season will be over.
Click on the shirts below to navigate to the required groups.
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Blu-ray Review: The Chairman
– August 24, 2019Find Others: Blu-ray, Movie, ReviewGet More: Gregory Peck, Thriller
STUDIO: Twilight Time | DIRECTOR: J. Lee Thompson | CAST: Gregory Peck, Arthur Hill, Burt Kwouk, Keye Luke, Anne Heywood, Ric Young
RELEASE DATE: July 16, 2019 | PRICE: Blu-ray $29.95
BONUSES: isolated music track (with some effects), audio commentary with film historians Eddy Friedfeld and Lee Pfeiffer, The Chairman mini-film, alternate scenes from international version, trailer
SPECS: NR | 98 min. | Thriller | 2.35:1 widescreen | 2.0 DTS-HD MA | English subtitles
RATINGS (out of 5 dishes): Movie | Audio | Video | Overall
The 1969 spy thriller The Chairman stars Gregory Peck (To Kill a Mockingbird) as a Nobel Prize-winning university professor, Dr. John Hathaway, who’s sent on a mission to Red China by the government to retrieve an important agricultural enzyme that reportedly would permit crops to grow in any kind of climate. What the prof doesn’t know is that there’s a bomb implanted in his head that his government handlers will detonate if he fails to carry out his mission.
Ably directed by J. Lee Thompson of The Guns of Navarone and Cape Fear fame, The Chairman doesn’t really get going until the halfway point, when Hathaway meets Red China’s Party Chairman over a game of ping-pong and later, near the end, gets chased across the Chinese countryside as he attempts to escape the bad guys by burrowing beneath an electrified fence at the Russian border. It sorta reminded me of Peck and Sophia Loren dodging a helicopter at the end of 1966’s Arabesque.
More interesting than the film is the behind-the-scenes story of its development. The Chairmman is adapted from the 1969 book by Jay Richard Kennedy, who in the early Sixties had became an informant for the CIA, as he believed Soviet and Chinese Communist agents were attempting to infiltrate and exploit the U.S.’s Civil Rights Movement. Kennedy later became a vice-president of Frank Sinatra Enterprises, as well as a story editor who tried to develop the screenplay for The Chairman as a project for Sinatra, Spencer Tracy and Yul Brynner. Originally, it was slated to be filmed in Hong Kong, but when the project finally got off the ground with Peck, permission to film in Hong Kong and China was refused, leaving the Red China scenes to be mounted in Taiwan.
Buy The Chairman
on Blu-ray
Review: The Resident Blu-ray
Blu-ray Review: Broken City
Blu-ray Review: Thief
Blu-ray Review: Beast
Blu-ray Review: Greta
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The Worst Car in the History of the World
Becoming Human: First Steps
The Definitive History of Star Wars
George Harrison Living in the Material World 2 of 2
The Great Hack
Attenborough and the Sea Dragon
Roger Waters The Wall
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Life: Mammals
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"Architecture" Sort by
Travels with Vasari 1
On a spectacular journey through Renaissance Italy, Andrew Graham-Dixon searches for the shadowy figure who wrote one of the most important books on art and looks at some dazzling works, including masterpieces of the early Renaissance by Giotto, Masaccio and Donatello. Giorgio Vasari was the grandaddy of all art critics, travelling Italy in the 16th century for his definitive Lives of the Artists. It was a time of miracles that he named 'the Renaissance'.
Series: Travels with Vasari
Art of Eternity: Painting Paradise
How should art depict the relationship between man and God? How can art best express eternal values? Can you and should you portray the face of Christ? For over 1,000 years these were some of the questions which taxed the minds of the greatest artists of the early West. In this three-part series, art historian Andrew Graham-Dixon sets out to unravel the mysteries of art from the pre-perspective era". In the first episode, Andrew traces the beginnings of Christian art in the declining Roman Empire, Egypt and medieval France, and reveals the ideas which lay behind the transition
Series: Art of Eternity
Hermitage Revealed
The State Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg is one of the largest and most visited museums in the world. Margy Kinmonth's film tells the story of its journey from imperial palace to state museum, investigating remarkable tales of dedication, devotion, ownership and ultimate sacrifice, showing how the collection came about, how it survived tumultuous revolutionary times and what makes the Hermitage unique today. Holding over three million objects and boasting more curators than any other museum, the Hermitage's story is Russia's history in microcosm and its art has lived to tell the tale
In the Shadow of Hitler
There is a tendency to deny German culture the equal reverence of Italy or Spain, and this enlightening new series provides a wonderful opportunity to explore a great, yet often neglected, artistic tradition whose influence has been just as profound. Andrew Graham-Dixon concludes his exploration of German art by investigating the dark and difficult times of the 20th century. Dominating the landscape is the figure of Adolf Hitler, failed artist, would-be architect and obsessed with the aesthetics of his 1,000-year Reich". In a series of extraordinary building projects and exhibitions, Hitler waged a propaganda war against every form of modern art as a prelude to unleashing total war on the whole of Europe. After the war the shadow of the Third Reich persisted, Germany remained divided and traumatised. How would artists deal with a past that everybody wanted to forget? Journeying through the work of Otto Dix and George Grosz and the age of the Bauhaus to the post-war painters Georg Baselitz, Hilla Becher and the conceptual artist Joseph Beuys is a long and strange journey, but the signs that art has a place at the heart of the new reunited Germany are clearly visible.
Series: The Art of Germany
The Glory of Byzantium
Andrew Graham-Dixon travels to Istanbul to immerse himself in the tumultuous world of the Byzantine Empire. He decodes the iconography of the art of the period and explains its continuing relevance.
Inside Bills Brain: Decoding Bill Gates
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← Change or Stability, Apathy or Disgust: Bulgarian voters lose out yet again
Fascists lead huge demo on Poland’s Independence Day →
‘The fall of the last domino’: an overview of Levica’s departure from the government in Slovenia
by Adin Crnkic
A protest rally against further privatizing state-owned companies. Luka Mesec speaks at Prešeren Square. Ljubljana, Slovenia June 11, 2015. Source: Delo.si
The last couple of months have been turbulent for The Left party (in Slovenian, Levica). Firstly, the Left failed to cross the threshold in the EU parliamentary election. Even the fact that their candidate, Violeta Tomić, was also the Spitzenkandidat for the Party of the European Left did not help. And secondly and more importantly, its partnership with the minority government officially ended. Even if this outcome was expected for some months, Prime Minister Marjan Šarec never explicitly claimed that his political party LMŠ (Lista Marjana Šarca) or the other of coalition partners (SD, SMC, SAB and DeSUS) wanted Levica to withdraw cooperation. In the last few weeks, however, the resentment and accusations from government representatives against Levica had escalated. In fact, it had been obvious that Levica was a thorn in their side from the start. But let us tell the story of Levica’s participation in the coalition from the very beginning.
The initial relations between the government and Levica could be considered positive, except in relation to the Prime Minister’s staffing decisions, when he appointed Damir Črnčec, a well known anti-immigration and racist commentator on Twitter, who once also happened to be a close associate of the SDS and its leader Janez Janša. In spite of this, one of the first and most important tasks of Levica’s policy related to raising the minimum wage. Thanks to their proposal, this was indeed achieved: the minimum wage rose from 638€ to 667€. By 2020, this amount will increase to 700€.
Nevertheless, relations quickly deteriorated in the first half of 2019. The coordinator for the party, Luka Mesec, revealed on 20th of June in a press statement that Levica wanted to carry out at least four of the projects agreed on with the government before the summer: ‘These are changes to the health services act to prevent privatisation of healthcare from the inside, indexation of the minimum hourly rate for students with the minimum wage, regulation of real estate agencies, and transfer of apartments from the Bank Assets Management Company (DUTB) to the national Housing Fund.’ According to Mesec, ‘nothing has been happening in these fields.’ In July, Mesec publicly expressed concerns about Šarec’s government for its ‘shift towards right-wing, neoliberal and authoritarian tendencies’.
Bitter-sweet honeymoon: the government’s neoliberal turn
As a result, the summer period was marked with uncertainity. Levica felt betrayed and dissatisfied with the fact that out of the thirteen projects identified in the cooperation agreement with the government this year, only one had been approved – a new law on real estate brokerage. Levica decided to give the government one more chance, but it set an ultimatum: the abolition of supplementary health insurance had to be adopted and implemented later this year.
But before that could happen, another decision from the government caused a stir: the abolition of special social benefits for low-income earners and those on welfare who do voluntary work. While the Left, already upset by the proposed 132 million euro tax reform, which mostly rewards the highest 5% of earners in the country, threatened to withdraw its support from the minority government, Šarec insisted that ‘the government remained welfare-oriented’. He claimed that these special social benefits had come too close to the minimum wage and that abolition will encourage people to take a full-time job, although Levica and other NGOs proved otherwise. In early October, the parliamentary Labour Committee, after a thirteen-hour session, voted in favour of the government proposal which abolished the aformentioned benefit. In practice this meant that 16 million euros could be taken from poor employees and poor volunteers. That decision was considered to be the beginning of the end of the cooperation between Levica and the government. Fortunately, on 5th of November, the National Council (i.e. the upper chamber of parliament), vetoed the legislation and on the 13th of November, the Ministry decided not to insist on abolishing the work allowance.
The resolution on the abolition of supplementary private health insurance, which has been a politically very delicate topic for the last 16 years, caused even greater upheaval. All other previous attempts to pass the legislation were stopped by lobbies as soon as the legal solution was drafted. Levica’s proposal was the first ever to even reach the National Assembly. At the meeting of Health and Finance Committees, on 6th of November, the coalition and the right-wing jointly and with sneaky maneuvers rejected the financial part of the Levica’s proposal. After the coalition parties announced that they will file amendments, the Health Committee postponed consideration of the proposal until further notice. Meanwhile, the decision-making process in the Finance Committee was cut short, as members ran out of time.
With this decision, the chance of abolishing supplementary health insurance and finding a fair and adequate way of financing health care in Slovenia was gone. Before the hearings in the committees, activists and MPs raised more than 11.000 signatures in favour for the abolition.
Levica’s proposal:
was 90% aligned with the coalition,
would bring more money into health care. Last year the insurance companies that collect supplementary health insurance paid 477 million euros for medical services. Instead, the proposal envisaged 566 million into the system
would significantly improve the economy of the system, as more than 50 million euros (paid each year for supplementary insurance) remains in the insurance companies in the form of profit
would reduce administrative costs in healthcare, as hospitals now have to bill three different insurance companies, while the proposal argues for one
would guarantee a universal and unconditional right to healthcare for all.
Additionally, according to Levica’s calculations, a pensioner with a 500€ retirement pension and a manager with a 10,000€ salary would no longer pay the same amount for supplementary insurance, but would contribute in accordance with their abilities, leaving the pensioner having to pay 30€ less and the manager 20€ more than now. Such a method of financing would make 95% of people better off – practically all senior citizens, the vast majority of the self-employed, and essentially, everybody with monthly incomes less than 5200€.
The government decided quite the opposite: instead of eliminating supplementary health insurance, they offered their own proposal, where everything remained the same: a pensioner with a 500€ retirement pension would continue to pay the same amount as a manager with a 5,000€ salary. They call this ‘mandatory flat rate tax’.
Back to the opposition 2
Levica came to conclusion that the deal with the government was finally off. As expected, the rhetoric other coalition representatives assumed towards Levic, with the exception of SD, was growing increasingly hostile. Šarec previously even accused Levica of extortion, and criticized them for not wanting to assume functions and responsibilities. One of the most absurd statements is his comparison of Levica’s political action with baking donuts: ‘If you’ve ever fried donuts, you know how to keep your kitchen closed and warm. However, if someone walks in every five minutes, the donuts will not come out right. It’s about the same with these projects.’ After Levica’s departure, he emphasized that ‘the coalition didn’t end cooperation with Levica, but Levica ended cooperation with the coalition’.
Levica is now once again ‘fully’ in opposition, surrounded by right-wing nationalistic political parties (SDS, SNS and NSi). The government is now three seats short of a parliamentary majority, but it is certain that it will be supported by two, Italian and Hungarian, national minority representatives. Nevertheless, Šarec needs one more vote for the majority in parliament. He will approach either SNS or NSi. The former is the more likely option as their leader Zmago Jelinčič actively supported some of the government’s decisions in the past. Jelinčič has already confirmed several weeks ago that his party would approve the state budget for 2020 if Levica left the government. Interestingly, NSi, in fact, joined the talks in order to become the sixth coalition party after the elections back in the 2018, but withdrew from these very quickly. After this, a project partnership was reached between five parties and Levica, thus ground was prepared for the first minority government in the history of Slovenia.
The economic crisis is long over, but as it turned out, the government has decided to increase social inequalities rather than reduce them. The coalition suffered a blow and this might be fatal in the near future. According to recent surveys, (17th of November) popular support for the government has dropped significantly – due in part to the employment of Šarec’s alleged mistress, which caused a political scandal – and with the loss of Levica it will probably fall even further.
This is all grist for the right-wing mill, more specifically SDS. Since it is the second most popular political party, it may try to regain power. But the consequences of the departure of Levica will be felt not only by the citizens, but also by the government. Unfortunately, they lost momentum to end the neoliberal agenda of previous governments. Or was the agreement with Levica a dead letter as soon as it was signed? One might wonder if they ever had any intention of keeping to it.
Indeed, as Mesec commented, ‘the last domino fell’. The consequences and responsibility for this are for the government to bear, as it hobbles along in parliamentary minority and tries to further delegitimise the demands raised by the Left. Whether or not the move to leave the government will increase or decrease Levica’s electoral standing, it reflects the party’s integrity and courage. Levica established itself on the political scene, matured and it is constantly learning from mistakes. Its struggle–for the welfare state, for environmental, labor, human and social rights, and for equality–continues in a different capacity: in opposition.
Adin Crnkić is currently an unemployed independent researcher.
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Thread: The search for peace - pakistan and india
Tassawur
Location: Sargodha
The search for peace - pakistan and india
A detailed Study
It is axiomatic that Pakistan and India share a turbulent and complex, if also short, history. While the dynamics of the relationship may shift from time to time, numerous existential issues remain in place. Characterised by mistrust, contrasting interests and the oft-quoted ‘missed opportunities’, the bloodshed of 1947 has been replaced by a more diverse set of issues that continue to mar the relationship. Kashmir has come to exemplify the classic case of a territorial dispute between neighbouring countries in the modern world composed of nation States. Extended hostile periods have only been sporadically separated by periods of relative peace – interludes that many hoped would prolong into perpetuity. But failures of State, internal conflicts, deep-rooted differences and perhaps unavoidable circumstances have meant that these spells of tranquillity remain mere specks of light in an otherwise dark corridor, at best offering missed opportunities.
In studying the Pakistan-India ties, it is simplistic but also convenient to divide them into phases with regard to important junctures in South Asian history. None of the occasions that gave rise to optimism could ultimately become the watershed they were built up to be. The most recent such case was in 2004; following a prolonged period of military standoff, there began a ‘peace process’ led by President Musharraf and Prime Minister Vajpayee. This phase was significant since it allowed for a more systematic approach to negotiations by adopting the concept of “Composite Dialogue” that covered various issues that have continually hindered progress on even seemingly non-contentious fronts.
A move away from a traditionally line of control- (LoC) and Kashmir-centric policy, it called for a number of concerns to be brought to the table and economic cooperation to be enhanced. While the strategic imperatives and finer points of this process will be discussed later in this study, it is relevant to say here that even though progress was made on multiple fronts, enthusiasm waned as the momentum died out perhaps due to the more pressing internal political turmoil in Pakistan.
However, the process did expose some important aspects of the relationship. One, it established that progressive talks and meaningful solutions were not just desirable, they were also possible. And two, it exhibited a lack of political will, or more suitably, the political constraints, in both countries that prevent agreeable solutions from being implemented. This was clear for instance in the case of the Sir Creek and Siachin issues where significant progress through collaboration could not be translated into concrete agreements. Similarly, when a proposed visit to Islamabad by Prime Mister Manmohan Singh, as part of this process, could not materialise, progress was further derailed.
Thus, if one divides the relationship into phases, the current phase succeeding the aforementioned period of peaceful, if not altogether successful Composite Dialogue, begins with the terrorist attacks in Mumbai on November 26, 2008. While this signalled an instant breakdown of talks, the irony was that Pakistan’s foreign minister was present in New Delhi at the time in order to help revive the deflated process of dialogue.
It is widely acknowledged that only effective diplomacy, on both regional as well as global levels, prevented the situation from reaching a complete meltdown. However, subsequent suspension of dialogue ensued and that has only recently been revived in 2010. While this does not mean that all communications died out, it did signal an end to an official exchange of views, particularly the Composite Dialogue.
Ever since the attacks, with the international pressure and attention garnered by India, militancy in Pakistan has been under intense scrutiny. For Pakistan, this opened a new chapter in its own policy framework on dealing with terrorism. Since February 2010, when foreign ministers of both countries met in India after a period of fourteen months for what turned out to be ‘talks about talks’, a clear divide between priorities has been established.
India’s stance on Pakistan’s alleged State policy of supporting militants and on dealing with certain individuals and groups, whose name has been linked to the Mumbai attacks, is paramount to all other areas of negotiations as far as New Delhi is concerned. Pakistan’s priorities remain the more traditional long-standing issues such as Kashmir and water security. Moreover, there is insistence from Pakistan for a more structured rather than uni-dimensional dialogue, since otherwise only superficial talks with no concrete results will emerge. Ironically, some suggest that the current positions are paradoxical since it was actually India that had benefited from the Composite Dialogue process. This nonetheless remains a minority opinion as both countries remain adamant in their positions.
Confusions reign supreme. After the 16th SAARC summit in Bhutan in April 2010, there has been a revival of sorts that some see as a resumption of the Composite Dialogue ‘for all practical purposes’ even as the term itself has been avoided. For others, this is simply a continuation of erstwhile stubborn attitudes and signifies no progress on any front. Even as intent for dialogue as the only way forward has been appreciated, there are no solid foundations, proposed framework or clear guidelines as to how talks will proceed. Future talks between foreign ministers of both countries are expected to bring some coherence to negotiations.
However, additional complications arise from, for instance, the case of Ajmal Kasab, the sole captured terrorist from the group that was involved in the Mumbai attacks who has now been charged by Indian courts amid great public and official outpouring against Pakistan. Moreover, with the failed bombing attempt in New York’s Time Square by a Pakistani that once again highlights terrorist outfits in the country, there are concerns that the process of negotiations with India will be derailed before it even begins since Pakistan remains in the Indian narrative as an ‘epicentre’ for terrorism. In these circumstances, Indian insistence of terrorism being the focal point of all discussions has only strengthened, although the language used may have mellowed since the two countries are preparing to embark on another process of building bridges.
In this study, we aim to assess the current state of Pakistan’s relationship with India covering some of the most important issues, not all of which may have been on the forefront in the post-Mumbai phase. In the next section, the political process and engagements between representatives of the two countries since the attacks will be addressed in addition to progress made on the military front. Section III will cover recent dynamics of terrorism in India-Pakistan relations followed by the contentious long-standing issues of water and Kashmir, respectively. In section VI, the more marginalised area of trade as a consequence of, or motivator for, peace will be analysed before concluding the study.
It is important to understand both bilateral and multilateral considerations in India-Pakistan ties, so that after a long period of sixty-three years, the curse of ‘missed opportunities’ is finally broken. While not attempting to scrutinise any single area specifically, and with the admission that some important issues have been ignored for the sake of limiting the argument to contemporary debate, this study hopes to add to a cautiously developing platform for a roadmap for peace. And, it is in this context that it should be read.
Section II: Mumbai 2008 and beyond
At the outset, it is relevant to discuss the events that have dominated headlines in both Pakistan and India, and have been the juncture from which starts a new phase in a troublesome relationship. On November 26, 2008, a group of militants simultaneously attacked multiple targets in Mumbai, killing around 183 people, including nine terrorists and 22 foreign nationals, while some further 327 people received injuries. Although relations between India and Pakistan had already been strained following a suicide attack on the Indian Embassy in Kabul on July 7, 2008 that had killed over 40 people including the Indian defence attaché, these attacks in Mumbai served as a nail in the coffin as all fingers pointed to Pakistan.
Such was the rage in India that suggestions of military action against Pakistan were floated, while the saner voices advised covert action as against any hasty and rash decisions that could potentially lead to unprecedented catastrophic consequences. Option of a military strike was ruled out by the Indian government, but on December 16, 2008, Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee announced that the Composite Dialogue process with Pakistan was to be put on hold until credible action is taken against those responsible for the Mumbai carnage. Since then, there has been hardly any vacillation from this stance.
Pakistan’s repeated protests that an incident of terrorism, howsoever drastic, should not be allowed to spoil a working process, fell on deaf ears. Following the 2009 Lok Sabha elections that saw the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coming back to power, there were high hopes that India would show some flexibility. However, on June 16, 2009, on the sidelines of a Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in the Russian city of Yekaterinburg, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on meeting President Zardari, flouted traditional norms of diplomacy, saying that, “my mandate is to tell you that Pakistani territory should not be used for terrorism against India” in the presence of the international media.
Unsurprisingly, the incident was not taken well in Pakistan, and in a statement made in the Senate, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Malik Amad Khan made it clear that the comments were unacceptable to Islamabad. In response, Pakistan decided that the president would not participate in the upcoming Non-Aligned Summit (NAM) in Egypt and instead Prime Minster Yousuf Raza Gillani would lead the country’s delegation. It had been decided earlier that the foreign secretaries of both countries would meet to discuss the steps taken by Pakistan to check terrorism against India before a possible Singh-Zardari stock-taking meeting in Egypt.
Nevertheless, things were looking up when on July 16, 2009, Gillani met with Singh in the Egyptian city of Sharm-el-Sheikh on the sidelines of the NAM summit. The meeting concluded with the issuance of a joint statement in which both countries agreed to de-link action on terrorism and the Composite Dialogue process. It clearly stated that “both Prime Ministers recognized that dialogue is the only way forward. Action on terrorism should not be linked to the Composite Dialogue Process and these should not be bracketed.”
This statement received mixed reaction in both countries. In Pakistan, the aspect of de-linking dialogue and action on terrorism was praised and perceived as a positive development. On the other hand, the Indian premier had to face severe criticism not only from Opposition parties but also from coalition partners and some members of the Congress party. Dubbing the statement a ‘surrender’ by India, Opposition parties, particularly the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), made such a hue and cry that Singh was forced to backtrack from the commitment made in Sharm-el-Sheikh. The very next day, in order to clarify his position, he stated that de-linking dialogue and action on terrorism only served to strengthen India’s commitment that a meaningful process of engagement cannot move forward unless Pakistan takes measures to control terrorism.
Similarly, a reference to Balochistan in the joint statement was also criticised in India as it was perceived as an acknowledgement of its alleged role in the Pakistani province. Singh defended himself by saying that India had nothing to hide and that the statement was perhaps a case of bad drafting. In Pakistan, the reaction to the inclusion of Balochistan was seen as a great success, but at the same time an absence of any reference to Kashmir was also highlighted.
The following months saw growing tensions as Pakistan witnessed a tirade of allegations from India, unsurprisingly with terrorism as the central theme. Ranging from allegations and issues such “forty-two terrorist camps operating in Pakistan”, rise in infiltration to India, exporting terrorism and using it as a State policy to further its strategic goals and targeting Indian interests in Afghanistan, the narrative emerging from India adopted an accusing stance that supposed a lack of interest in tackling terrorism that targeted India. There were also occasional threats given to Pakistan, albeit coming from various sources and covering different levels of intensity, of dire consequences if another Mumbai-type attack was to take place.
The former Indian Chief of the Army Staff General Deepak Kapoor also came forth and announced his provocative Cold Start strategy which aims at quick mobilisation in order to launch a retaliatory strike against Pakistan in case of a terrorist attack. The war doctrine, which had been in place before the attacks took place and was now re-emphasised, seeks to make territorial gains 50-80 kilometres inside Pakistan which could be used in post-conflict negotiations to extract concessions.
Indian intentions, coupled with its military strength, have consequently led to much debate in Pakistan. Not surprisingly, references to its defence spending have been highlighted. It is interesting to note that India is currently the tenth largest defence spender in the world with an estimated two per cent share of global expenditure. It has earmarked a massive amount of money for a modernisation programme of its armed forces and has inked agreements with other countries worth billions of dollars. However, it vehemently opposes any such agreement for Pakistan. Recently, France finalised a $2.2 billion deal with India to upgrade its fleet of Mirage 2000 fighters, but suspended the sale of electronics and missiles for Pakistan’s JF 17 fighters, reportedly under “Indian pressure.”
Renewed incidents of firing on both at the line of control (LoC) and the international boundary also served to escalate tensions. However, despite Pakistan’s accusing India of creating unrest in Balochistan and FATA through its consulates in Afghanistan, it also continued its efforts towards a process of dialogue. There were also growing voices in India that advocated the opening of some kind of channel of communication since there was a realisation that complete breakdown was not serving its purpose anymore. However, strong public opinion and an aggressive stance taken by Opposition parties prevented early engagement with Pakistan. According to the Indian media as late as January 2010, Prime Minister Singh discussed his desire to restart dialogue with Pakistan with three BJP leaders but met stiff resistance and decided against taking such a step.
However, the thaw finally came when on February 4, 2010 India formally offered to resume foreign secretary-level talks with Pakistan. Without clarifying the scope of the proposed discussions, Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupuma Rao invited her Pakistani counterpart Salman Bashir for talks to New Delhi. It was claimed that the offer had been made with an open mind, and official sources made it clear that while India would be willing to discuss all issues including Balochistan, its sole focus would be on terrorism. It was also stressed that this revival of a bilateral relationship should not be seen as resumption of the Composite Dialogue.
A behind-the-scene role played by the U.S., as well as the emerging situation in Afghanistan, were perhaps the main reasons behind this Indian decision. Besides, there was also a tacit realisation that coercive diplomacy had run its course and was now counterproductive for India; indeed it was felt that by establishing ‘measured contact’, India would be able to put more pressure on Pakistan. An unstructured dialogue such as the one on offer would help present terrorism as the core issue without giving Pakistan an equal chance to raise other issues.
Welcoming the move, Pakistan accepted the offer and a delegation went to New Delhi on February 24, 2010 with the hope of recreating an atmosphere of friendship. During the meeting, India handed over three dossiers to Pakistan¬¬¬ and demanded that thirty-three individuals, including two serving Pakistan army officers as well as Indian fugitives allegedly involved in terror acts, be handed over to India. Repeated references to terrorism were always likely to lead to inconclusive talks. And, indeed, this was exactly what forced the Pakistani foreign secretary to remind India that his country had witnessed “hundreds of Mumbais” and lost 5,366 civilians in 3,043 terror attacks since 2008 and, therefore, was not ignorant of the dangers of terrorism.
The delegation had gone to New Delhi with a roadmap with guidelines leading to a potential resumption of the Composite Dialogue, including an invitation for External Affairs Minister S.M. Krishna to visit Pakistan. The proposal envisaged, or rather recommended, that the February meeting lay the ground for future discussions between Prime Ministers Singh and Gilani that could take place on the margins of a SAARC meeting in Bhutan in late April, where resumption of the Composite Dialogue could be announced through a joint statement. However, India was more interested to broaden the discussion at official levels first, and suggested a ‘technical meeting’ to improve cross-LoC trade, a meeting between commerce secretaries to carry forward discussions on trade issues and a session of the Indo-Pakistan judicial committee for release of prisoners and fishermen.
The meeting visibly failed to melt the ice and both officials decided to conduct press briefings separately, indicating that talks had not progressed as desired and this opinion was strengthened as the two made counter-claims regarding the issues discussed. Rao claimed that 85 per cent of talk time had been taken up by terrorism and the remaining by eleven other issues. She insisted that Kashmir was only briefly touched on, and Afghanistan was not discussed at all. On the other hand, Bashir categorically stated that Kashmir had been discussed “extensively” since it is the core issue and one that cannot be left out.
A lack of trust between the two countries limited the task of the foreign secretaries and there was no consensus on a potential roadmap to resumption of a composite or any structured dialogue process for the future. India’s sole focus on terrorism can be gauged by the fact that Pakistan had to make last-minute changes in its delegation, leaving behind members from interior and water and power ministries due to Indian insistence.
Pakistan strongly advocated resumption of the Composite Dialogue with India stressing that it was “unfair, unrealistic and counter-productive” to allow the issue of terrorism to stall the process of improving relations. However, much to the disappointment of Pakistan, the Indian foreign minister responded that “the resumption of such a process would have to await the restoration of greater trust and confidence.” The only positive outcome of these talks then, was a commitment to further engagement.
As expected, the decision to hold talks with Pakistan met severe criticism in India. All major political parties came down hard on the government and alleged that it had bowed to U.S. pressure. However, the prime minister defended his stance by saying that the decision was not sudden but a “calculated” move after weighing all the costs and benefits. During March 2010, India repeatedly expressed its desire to conduct a second round of foreign secretary-level talks in Islamabad. However, Pakistan made it clear that it was not interested in a mere photo opportunity and wanted result-oriented talks that discussed all outstanding issues.
In this backdrop, the aforementioned SAARC summit was held in Bhutan from April 28-29, 2010 and it led to a meeting between the two prime ministers, although both countries gave mixed signals till the last moment. This came soon after a 47-nation summit on nuclear security that had taken place in Washington in early April. Referring to the exchange of pleasantries that had occurred during that meeting, Pakistan’s foreign minister insisted that both India and Pakistan “need to go beyond a handshake.” He further demanded that India stop demonising Pakistan since terrorism is a challenge common to both countries.
However, pressure from the U.S, as well as from SAARC members played a vital role in bringing the two countries to some sort of an agreement in Bhutan. The two leaders had three meetings, including a one-on-one discussion that lasted over an hour. What emerged was an agreement that there was lack of trust that necessitated dialogue. In order to pacify Opposition parties and the general public, terrorism and prosecution of terrorists allegedly involved in the Mumbai attacks were issues highlighted by Manmohan Singh, to which the Pakistani premier responded by giving assurances that terrorism was a threat that the country is working against.
Both countries also agreed that foreign ministers and foreign secretaries meet as soon as possible to work out modalities for future course of talks and restore trust. Dispelling the notion that this might lead to a resumption of the Composite Dialogue, Indian officials made it clear that a move to resume a dialogue that had existed before the Mumbai attacks would make no sense since a new method of engagement needed to be introduced.
It is argued that Pakistan’s assertion that it cannot give guarantees against another Mumbai-like attack in India goes against the sprit of the January 6, 2004 joint statement between the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpaee and former President Pervez Musharaf which formed the basis for the resumption of Composite Dialogue. It is also being said that Pakistan’s action against those accused in the Mumbai case will shape the contours of future engagement. Terrorism, then, has remained a necessary focal issue.
Taking the sprit of Bhutan forward, Nirupama Rao visited Islamabad on June 24, 2010 and met her counterpart Salman Bashir to set an agenda for a meeting between the foreign ministers in July. However, prior to the meeting, India made it clear that Pakistan’s willingness to build on progress made by the two countries in back-channel diplomacy on Kashmir would be viewed favourably. The meeting was held in a cordial atmosphere as both the countries pledged to work together to reduce the trust deficit.
The talks, as Rao put it, “provided an opportunity to talk to each other and not at each other.” Both sides exchanged proposals on issues that were deemed deliverable during the foreign ministers’ meeting in July. While India’s proposals dealt with trade and humanitarian issues, Rao also asked Pakistan to ensure that Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT) chief Hafiz Saeed is prevented from issuing anti-India statements or making contentious speeches. At a joint press conference, both confirmed that all main issues had been taken up for discussion. The talks, according to Bashir, began as an exploratory venture, but “after this round, we are much more optimistic of good prospects at the foreign ministers’ meeting.” Rao too described the talks as forward-looking with both sides trying to understand each other’s position.
On the heels of her visit, Indian Home Minister P. Chidambaram also flew to Islamabad to attend a SAARC Interior Ministers’ conference, and met Pakistan’s Interior Minister Rehman Malik. He reiterated the Indian position, insisting that Pakistan bring to justice all the 26/11 plotters, including Hafiz Saeed. He also asked Pakistan to hand over voice samples of all seven LeT terrorists who have been in Pakistani jails for their involvement in 26/11 as ‘a first step’ towards restoring confidence. He demanded that Pakistan step up efforts to locate and arrest thirteen absconders who had been found guilty by Indian courts, and Pakistan on its part assured full cooperation.
Since the two sets of meetings, India has been continuously insisting that Pakistan take some credible action before the visit by Foreign Minister S.M. Krishna as it was “an important test of Pakistan’s willingness to act against terrorism directed at India.”
Although the fruits of these high-level contacts and the durability of this new phase of dialogue is still open to assessment, it is interesting to note that India, while agreeing to discuss all issues of concern to Pakistan, is hesitant to call this resumed dialogue a return to the Composite Dialogue since it does not wish to appear to be returning to its old position. Pakistan, on the other hand, had been strongly advocating resumption of the earlier process, but has nevertheless welcomed the resumption of a dialogue as long as all issues of mutual concern are discussed in a meaningful manner.
Good neighbourly relations between India and Pakistan would benefit the entire region. Since both countries have decided to restart a dialogue process, it must be ensured that it is sustained and that the bilateral relationship is not held hostage to a single incident of terrorism. It must be kept in mind that terrorism is a global phenomenon and to fight this menace, the world community - particularly countries in South Asia - need to work together. The issue of terrorism, as has been raised in the discussions between both countries examined in this section, will now be examined more deeply, specifically in the way it has affected the relationship since the events of 26/11.
Section III: Terrorism in India-Pakistan ties
Ajmal Kasab, the protagonist of the saga that followed on from the terrorist attacks on Mumbai in November 2008, was sentenced to death by Indian courts in May 2010. The verdict has in that country been hailed by the media and politicians alike, with Law Minister Moily terming it a message to Pakistan to abandon its “State policy of terrorism”. A similar statement by Home Minister Chidambaram also makes for ominous reading, warning Pakistan to refrain from “exporting” terror to India.
It does not take much for one to conclude then that hostility with regards to terrorism is central to understanding the current state of affairs. That these comments come after a dialogue of sorts has begun, shows that the air surrounding any engagement is not yet completely clear. While Kasab, the sole surviving terrorist, who after initial reluctance had been confirmed as a Pakistani citizen, has now been charged in Indian courts; the saga is far from being over.
Questions of alliances between people and groups across borders, the role of militant groups; specifically the infamous Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT), attackers’ training and planning inside Pakistan and the roles of the State and Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI); have since provided the framework within which the Indian response has been based. For our purpose it is important to understand three major aspects of the entire debate. Firstly, how Pakistan has dealt with the terrorists related to the attacks; secondly, Indian perception of Pakistani actions; and thirdly, the people and groups – most notable LeT – named and brought up as part of the alleged and confirmed terrorist groups.
While terrorism has long been a constant part of any India-Pakistan discourse, it has only recently become the primary talking point. Since the Mumbai attacks, perhaps this was inevitable. However, a cynical Indian policy of maligning Pakistan and making repeated references to alleged State sponsorship of terrorism in order to gain international sympathy, have done considerable damage to the relationship. The rhetoric of Pakistan’s being the “epicentre” of extremism and terrorism dominates the jargon designed for the Indian narrative, and the global response clearly shows not just the importance of external actors, but also the success of Indian policy. This has, according to some analysts, broadly covered a two-pronged strategy for coping with terrorism in Pakistan – one, using coercive diplomacy by moving troops from peacetime locations to positions closer to the border, and two, through the aforementioned tough statements by civilian and military officials.
While rumour mills among masses, and of late also a largely independent and expressive media, have traditionally blamed actors from across the border for mishaps in both countries, events of Mumbai have brought this to an official platform with even the Indian premier blaming “agencies” in Pakistan. There has been an overwhelming consensus in India that Pakistan is not inclined to pursue those involved in the attack; the role of the ISI is brought up specifically in its alleged historical ties with groups like the LeT. Indeed, the intelligence agency has been suggested to have played a “direct role guiding Lashkar-e-Tayyiba” in Mumbai attacks.
This is even more worrisome since talks between the two countries have had no extensive framework since then. While Pakistan has been pushing for a structured dialogue, Indian focus has solely been on terrorism – more specifically, Pakistan’s attitude to terrorism and its commitment, or lack of commitment, in dealing with the masterminds of the Mumbai attacks. The LeT and its members, with alleged leader Hafiz Muhammad Saeed being the most sought-after individual, dominate this terrorism debate.
Strongly denying Indian criticism, Pakistan claims to have been working adequately, even attributing delays in investigation to India. Accepting that Kasab was a Pakistani citizen, there was an implicit acceptance also of the fact that training and planning had taken place in the country. The arrest and subsequent release of Hafiz Saeed is seen by India as a masquerade, based on allegations of the ISI supporting LeT. However, anti-terrorism courts are already hearing prosecution arguments against seven men captured in November 2009 for their involvement in the said attacks. The most prominent of these, Zakiur Rahman Lakhvi, is believed to be second-in-command of the LeT. Moreover, arrest warrants have been issued for nine others charged in absentia.
For his part, the enigma that is Hafiz Saeed has had his mystique further enhanced by assuming the leadership of Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD), a religious charity organization that is deemed to be a front cover for the LeT. JuD has been officially banned due to UN interjection but continues to garner respect in Pakistan due to its charitable activities. Hafiz Saeed has in fact distanced himself from the LeT in a private interview, even condemning the Indian attacks in the process and claiming that he has been a victim of Indian propaganda.
The Indian focus on Hafiz Saeed and the belief that he still heads the LeT remains intact. This has come up time and again; the most glaring example being the occasion of foreign secretary-level talks in February 2010 when his freedom was openly criticised. More recently, Pakistan’s foreign minister termed Indian demands for his arrest as the “same old beaten track”, noting that the legal system was leading the process in Pakistan. Regardless of that, as late as July 2010, before the foreign ministers meet in what is expected to be a return to comprehensive dialogue, Indian officials continue to stress extradition of certain alleged terrorists among other demands regarding the capture of LeT members including Saeed.
This Indian pressure is troublesome for Pakistan since after the UN declared JuD a terrorist organization, it was banned and Saeed was captured before the court decided to release him and dismiss charges against him. It is even more worrisome since the criticism comes at a time when the judiciary is experiencing unprecedented independence in the country.
For India, Pakistan’s alleged State policy of at worst supporting terrorism and at best adopting a relaxed attitude to fighting it, is manifest in its reluctance to comprehensively dismantle the LeT and sentence Hafiz Saeed. While some members of the banned LeT are undergoing trial, Pakistan has failed to convince India of its commitment. LeT, a banned organisation as it is, is seen as a low priority even as the country is involved in counterterrorism operations.
Other groups including Al Qaeda, the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban are seen as requiring more immediate attention as far as Pakistan’s security is concerned. Punjabi groups such as the LeT have in the last decade not been prioritised in comparison. While chances are that this trend is changing as Punjab-based organisations face severe criticism from inside the country and it appears that a large-scale showdown against these is possible, if talks between India and Pakistan remain uni-dimensional in focusing on the LeT, they ignore other larger dimensions of security threats to Pakistan.
Taking down the LeT has nonetheless been the mantra for those who believe that Mumbai needs to represent a decisive turning point in the regional battle against terrorism. It is hence relevant to discuss briefly the dynamics of the Lashkar.
Increasingly, it is being seen as the most important group after Al Qaeda in terms of its global reach, even though it is still based in Pakistan and has only Pakistani members. Founded in 1987, alleged State support led to a steady flow of finances and volunteers as its initial role in Afghanistan gradually evolved into Kashmir-centricism. It has reportedly been part of a network that aims to destabilise India since 1993 where it has “literally launched hundreds of attacks”; now, its interest in Afghanistan make it an organisation of interest to the U.S. as well.
Allegedly nurtured by State patronage for influence in Kashmir and Afghanistan, the LeT was banned in 2002 and has since outgrown its reported State sponsors. Indeed, “more than any other group, LeT encapsulates the complicated history of intertwined relations between Pakistani security services and ideologically-driven militants.” However, since it is now recognised that proxy fighters will not lead to a settlement in Kashmir, Pakistan may possibly try to eliminate the group using a gradualist approach – arresting members and banning JuD might have been the first steps already taken to reach such an eventuality.
With an overall focus on Kashmir and India, this mainly Punjabi outfit shares a rocky relationship with other militant groups due to ideological differences, a reluctance to join in the Afghan jihad and alleged close ties with the military. With no militant allies, LeT remains susceptible to State pressure even if it has outgrown State control and so refrains from launching attacks inside Pakistan. Lately, however, it has reportedly increased its presence in Afghanistan and FATA under the banner of JuD with aims to infiltrate fighters in Afghanistan, using its charitable venues for recruitment.
While India remains its primary concern, there are members within the LeT who are believed to be providing support to the Pakistani Taliban. Lately, evidence of support from the Gulf countries, the U.K., America and Australia has appeared to make it a more dangerous organisation with a global agenda – David Headley’s capture in the USA being a case in point showing LeT’s global reach. While this is still debatable; what is certain is that India remains its priority even if its “peripheral jihad” has in some ways expanded to the West.
While there are signs of Pakistan’s cracking down on the group, a gradualist approach may not be acceptable to India. There is even an argument that for Pakistan, the risk of escalating violence that is sure to accompany swift action, may be well worth taking if it leads to peace with India. Events since Mumbai have made the Indian position stronger. While initially it had tried to engage Saudi Arabia and the U.S. to gain sympathy against the LeT, there had been only superficial reciprocation since the Al Qaeda and Taliban offered a bigger threat to these countries; now, however, events may have caused a shift in the discourse on LeT.
Favoured by the army due to its Punjabi character and State loyalty, it is claimed that it was given all kinds of support and has now grown in part due to its charity wing JuD from whose finances and resources are siphoned off. As a result, its autonomy from the ISI has increased and it now requires only specific support – including safe havens, intelligence and campaign guidance rather than finances.
May 2010 has been an eventful month; in India, a “historic trial” with many “legal firsts” has seen the death penalty and imprisonment for life for Kasab. At the same time, individuals are being tried in Pakistan and the Pakistani-American David Headley in the U.S. Cautious voices cognizant that the Kasab trial is a mere piece in the jigsaw have warned against enthusiastic claims of victory since this is just the beginning of a long process. However, where it goes from this point is still not clear.
India and Pakistan did appear to be moving in the right direction in July 2009 with Prime Ministers Singh and Gilani issuing a joint communiqué after meeting in Egypt. As noted earlier in this study, this was seen as a diplomatic victory for Pakistan and the Indian premier faced much backlash from the public and political parties – including his own – for being too soft on the issue of terrorism and not making it the focal point of further discussions.
The much publicized foreign secretary talks in Delhi in February 2010 were also inconclusive, if not altogether demoralising. The necessity of engagement was apparent; Nirupama Rao admitted this much when she noted that “dialogue between India and Pakistan is obviously the way forward for normalisation of relations and to resolve outstanding issues between the two countries. We in India have never turned our back on dialogue with Pakistan. But let me also add that terrorism is a stand-alone phenomenon that affects the climate of dialogue.”
Needless to say, the climate at the talks was also adversely affected and was noticeable in the aftermath, with Pakistan’s foreign secretary reminding dissenters that Pakistan had suffered tremendously from terrorism and was a victim rather than a sponsor. More unusual was the public display of antagonism, with India being clearly irate with Pakistani dealing with the Mumbai perpetrators and the fact that Hafiz Saeed is still free, and Pakistani officials coming out with a statement that Islamabad had “photographic evidence” of Indian nationals working in Afghanistan to undermine Pakistan’s security by supporting militants. The meeting also involved India’s handing over three dossiers to Pakistan regarding personnel and militant groups that it wants extradited and tried in India – a request that Pakistan has since refused.
Indian response to Mumbai has been seen as largely inadequate by the public; warning signs are that a further attack traced to Pakistan will not be responded to with restraint. “Minor, cosmetic gestures including the brief arrest of Hafiz Saeed” by the Pakistani government are unlikely to appease a growing tension that could find any further attack being responded to in some form of military retaliation – as manifest perhaps in the Cold Start doctrine.
When one focuses on the aftermath of Mumbai while analysing terrorism in Pakistan-India relations, there is the risk of overlooking other developments. There has, for instance, been alarm on the Pakistani side regarding Indian role in supporting militants in Balochistan – for which officials claim to have “conclusive proof”. This is an added dimension to what is being called a proxy war between the two countries in Afghanistan.
Counterterrorism cooperation between the two seems impossible in the foreseeable future. Policy shifts are required in both countries and need to incorporate a multitude of avenues that include terrorism if a long-term stable South Asia is to surface out of the current turmoil and a new, hopefully permanent, phase in the relationship is to rise out of the current hostile one. As it stands, however, the multidimensional aspect of terrorism – unfortunately narrowed down to the LeT – remains on top of the agenda as India and Pakistan try to restore peace to the region.
Section IV: Water insecurity
Water-sharing has been an ever-present issue and one that has had, at least ephemerally, all the attributes of a successful resolution between Pakistan and India in their use of rivers. Indeed, the Indus Water Treaty signed decades ago has had the distinction of a unique precedent, the magnitude of which has yet to be replicated in any sphere between the two countries since then. However, the use of water resources and security issues related to these, remain in place. These have been enhanced in recent years, as economic concerns coupled with water insecurity have led to legal, ethical, environmental and geographic discussions as water becomes a prominent talking point. Not surprisingly, Pakistan being the lower riparian has been the natural complainant in this debate.
Just as terrorism and Kashmir remain unresolved points of contention, the row over water has escalated to such an extent that it has acquired a similar, if not a more important, position in bilateral disagreements. For the two nuclear neighbours that have fought three wars since independence, rivers flowing to Pakistan from Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir have again emerged as a belated flashpoint. And, their re-emergence at a time when relations were already going through a troubled period has not helped matters. The dispute has seen Pakistan raise its concerns, since its very economy and the livelihoods of citizens are at stake. This is because the country comes under direct threat due to the construction of various dams and projects by India on western rivers that decrease the flow in rivers that provide water to Pakistan, the lower riparian.
In itself, the issue of water is not new; in fact, it is rooted in Indo-Pak history. The river Indus originates in western Tibet, flows through China and Kashmir and then turns south into Pakistan before entering the Arabian Sea. The partition of the Punjab had severely affected the water system of the Indus as well as five other rivers (Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas) of the province. Just after partition, in 1948, India stopped the flow of water from the canals on its side, denying water to some eight per cent of cultivated area and 5.5 percent of sown area. This necessitated, on the one hand, clear guidelines, and on the other, it gave indications of a problem that could, in future, get extremely complicated. This contention has indeed shown remarkable foresight.
On May 4, 1948, India agreed to an Inter-Dominion agreement with Pakistan which allowed for the continuation of water flow to Pakistan for irrigation until the newly formed Muslim State developed alternative water resources. This agreement was not a permanent answer to the problem and a long-term, substantial solution was required. Pakistan, therefore, approached the World Bank in 1952 to settle the issue permanently. Negotiations were carried out between the two countries through the good offices of the World Bank and culminated in the signing of the Indus Water Treaty.
The treaty allocated three eastern rivers; Ravi, Beas and Sutlej; to India, and the western rivers; Chenab, Jhelum and Indus; to Pakistan. It also enunciated a mechanism to exchange a regular flow-data of rivers, canals and streams. Moreover, it stipulated that if either of the two countries plans to carry out “engineering work” on any of the rivers and potentially interferes with the water flow, it would be required to provide the other with relevant details. Accordingly, a Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) was constituted, headed by commissioners from both countries. In addition, the treaty also set the procedures for settlement of differences and disputes, both bilaterally and through international arbitration. The conditions were deemed acceptable and the Indus Water Treaty emerged as a victory for diplomatic and political negotiations between India and Pakistan.
The treaty is also a unique example of a success story of international riparian rights, and has withstood two major wars. However, it could not successfully be used to put an end to a water dispute that arose in 1984. This was when India began the construction of the Wullar barrage on River Jhelum in occupied Kashmir. New Delhi halted construction work in 1987 after Pakistan lodged a strong protest over the project over its alleged violation of the Indus Water Treaty.
The controversies did not end there; in fact, they had only just begun. Since then, India and Pakistan have looked at water as an issue in its own right, and one that threatens to supersede Kashmir and gain primacy among unresolved issues. In the mid-1990s, India started another project, the Baglihar dam on River Chenab which is very important for Pakistan’s agriculture. This badly reduced the flow of water and, unsurprisingly, perhaps also belatedly in 2005, Pakistan again sought the World Bank’s help. Although the World Bank allowed India to go ahead with the project after a few modifications, it did not permit the interruption of the agreed quota of water flow to Pakistan.
Yet, in 2008, Pakistan suffered a huge setback to its autumnal crops due to reduced water flow of the Chenab. Jamat Ali Shah, Pakistan’s Indus Water Commissioner, claimed that this was because of a shortage of water in the river that had occurred due to the filling of the Baglihar dam. India did nothing to address the problem initially, exacerbating the relations that had already turned hostile. However, there was cause for some optimism later when, as in 1978 when the Salal Dam issue was resolved through talks, given the necessary will, the Baglihar Dam issue also led to settlement through meetings of the two countries Indus water commissioners in June 2010.
Settlements such as these, however, appear myopic when the sheer numbers of projects that are deemed controversial are brought up. The Kishanganga dam on Jhelum River is another alleged violation of the treaty that represents a deep cleavage in India-Pakistan water issues. The project involves the construction of a 37m high concrete-faced, rock-filled dam and an underground powerhouse. A maximum gross head of 697 m is proposed to be utilised to generate 1,350 million units of energy, achieving efficiency of 90 per cent in a year with an installed capacity of 3x110 MW. New Delhi maintains that it is within its rights, under the treaty, to divert Kishanganga waters to the Bonar Madmati Nallah, another tributary of the Jhelum, which falls into the Wullar Lake before joining the Jhelum again.
Pakistan has objected to this, noting that India’s plan to divert water causes an obstruction to the flow of the Kishanganga, claiming that the project has been designed to divert water from one tributary of the Jhelum to another. This in effect will adversely affect Pakistan’s own 969 MW Neelum-Jhelum project being built downstream on the Jhelum with Chinese support. It has also raised objection to the depletion of dead storage in the run of the Kishanganga project. However, both countries have failed to resolve the issue bilaterally at different levels.
Consequently, India has decided to nominate Peter Tomka, Vice-President of the International Court of Justice at the Hague, and Lucius Caflisch who is a Swiss international law expert, to represent its case in the Kishanganga project dispute with Pakistan. Pakistan had already named Bruno Simma, also of the International Court of Justice, and Jan Paulsson, a Norwegian who heads an international law firm, as its arbitrators in the Court of Arbitration that will be set up to resolve its differences with India under the bilateral Indus Waters Treaty of 1960.
The aforementioned Indian hydro projects are just some examples from a long list of works by India which could adversely affect Pakistan. On the Chenab River, planned projects include the Bursur dam, Swalkot, Pakul dul, Dul Hasti, Chenani-I, Chenani-II, Chenani-III, Bhaderwah, Baglihar-II, Kawar, Kiru and Kirthai-I; on the Jhelum, there are the Lower Jhelum, Upper Sindh-I, Ganderbal, Upper Sindh-II, Pahalgam, Karnah and Parnai; while on Indus basin, they include Iqbal, Hunder, Sumoor, Igo-Mercellong, Haftal, Marpachoo and Bazgo Stakna (with J&KPDD). Needless to say, individual settlements on every project seem an uninviting and implausible solution; water security needs to be pushed to the forefront considering the urgency of the problem that can not afford wastage of time.
There is reason, however, to be cautiously hopeful. One positive aspect related to the issue is that during a meeting between the Indus Water Commissioners that lasted from June 1 to June 4, 2010, Pakistan withdrew objections on two Indian projects (Chutak and Uri-II). The 44 MW Chutak is located in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir on River Suru and Pakistan had earlier raised objections to its construction. The other project, the Uri-II is a 250 MW dam, is located in the Uri Tehsil of Baramulla district in Jammu and Kashmir. However, differences on the 45MW Nimoo Bazgo project on the Indus in the Ladakh region of Indian-held Kashmir remained unresolved, with settlement depending on further talks and information.
Despite these limited successes, the issue has to be dealt with much more intensely, involving a multitude of sectors. For Pakistan, water security as a result of Indian projects takes such a precedence since its economy – some might say its very survival – depends on water from these sources. India, on the other hand, sees a natural decrease in the amount of water due to environmental and climatic effects, affecting both countries as a consequence.
The projects that are underway are likely to have serious implications for Pakistan’s economy, security and especially agriculture. Out of 79.6 million hectares of land that make up Pakistan, 20 million are available for agriculture. Of these, 16 million are dependent on irrigation from the water sources in question. Consequently, 80 per cent of agriculture is dependent on the water that is allegedly being ‘stolen’. Many industries, including textile, are agro-based, and 80 per cent of food needs are fulfilled domestically. Thus, an interruption of water supply will have broad-ranging effects, putting massive strains on agriculture, economy and security since dams constructed on western rivers can be used to dry out major canals and distributaries. To counter the likely catastrophic results, there needs to be a drastic change in regional approaches towards handling such issues.
It is high time that both India and Pakistan forego vested interests for overall prosperity of the region. A cooperative relationship could create constituencies for peace in the region, deepen economic integration, and ultimately provide a smooth platform for both countries to realize their ambitions. For the urgency of the problem at hand, while it is an issue that could exacerbate any progress in the overall context of the relationship, it is also an issue that requires attention solely for humane concerns. In that sense, water cannot be separated from Kashmir, since not only is the same dimension visible in that dispute, but also many of the projects being scrutinised find their importance in the rivers coming from the valley of Kashmir, which not for no reason has been referred to as the jugular vein of Pakistan.
Section V: Kashmir
A South Asian dispute with global dimensions, Kashmir has been the one most prominent issue that divides Pakistan and India. Economic concerns mix with the ideological, religious, political and the historical and even with matters of pride and prestige as a solution to the territorial dispute becomes a major hurdle to lasting peace in the region.
In this context, events since November 2008 have, for once, relatively marginalised the issue as larger questions of terrorism are put forward. That said, Kashmir is unlikely to remain on the sidelines for long, and in the current phase of Pakistan-India ties, there have been movements on this front, even if they have been relatively insignificant given the milieu. In this section, an overview since the Mumbai attacks, of how events pertaining to Kashmir have progressed, will be given in order to contextualize the situation.
Almost a year after the Mumbai attacks, in October 2009, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh made his first visit to the valley since re-election in the 15th Lok Sabha election. During his visit, he seemed to be extending a hand of friendship to Pakistan by signalling strong commitment of his government in proceeding with unconditional dialogue with all Kashmiri groups, provided that they shun violence.
Prior to that, Home Minister Chidambaram had also hinted that the Indian government was working on holding ‘quiet’ talks with every group in Kashmir, so that a unique solution to the issue could be sought. Talking at an editors’ conference, he stressed that “talks will be held silently, away from the media glare,” noting that this was important at least until the contours of a political solution could be found.
Even as Pakistan’s relationship with India was going through a rocky phase, Prime Minister Singh’s offer for unconditional talks in Kashmir came at a time when militant violence in the valley was at an all-time low. And, on this occasion, there were many who were looking at such a dialogue with optimism; indeed, there was even speculation that the offer would be accompanied by a number of confidence-building measures (CBMs) such as the potential reduction of troops, and the abrogation of the draconian Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA).
The approach was welcomed by Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah and former Chief Minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, who insisted that talks without pre-conditions could help resolve the Kashmir problem. Announcing his readiness for “sincere and meaningful talks” with the Centre, Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, chairman of the moderate faction of the Hurriyat Conference, stressed, however, that the participation of New Delhi, Islamabad, Muzaffarabad as well as the people of Kashmir is imperative for the realisation of any proposed solution. While showing optimism, he also argued that without adhering to the six-point proposal put forward by the Hurriyat Conference - which included the revocation of all draconian laws, the unconditional release of all detainees and the withdrawal of troops - dialogue would be insubstantial.
The Mirwaiz also clarified that willingness to engage in talks with New Delhi did not compromise the alliance’s basic principle, since the Hurriyat believes that the right to self-determination is the basis of any solution. Stressing that Kashmir’s problems cannot be resolved through bilateral talks, he added that the Hurriyat had taken a triangular approach that involved engaging India as well as Pakistan so as to pave the way for tripartite talks.
The effect of this new round of desired negotiations as put forward by Manmohan Singh was not universally praised or accepted with optimism. Syed Ali Shah Geelani, for instance, was one of those who rejected the initiative, with the contention that “talks have been held over 130 times between Kashmiris and New Delhi since March 23, 1952, but failed to achieve desired results. There is nothing new in the offer of talks.” Thus, as the suspension of bilateral dialogue continued between Pakistan and India through this period, New Delhi was facing ambivalent reaction to its initiative in Kashmir as well.
By the middle of November 2009, however, reports of a secret two-hour meeting between Chidambaram and Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, along with his coalition colleagues Abdul Gani Bhat and Bilal Lone, appeared in the media. Mirwaiz, while denying that such a meeting had taken place, accepted that that there were ongoing back-channel contacts between the Hurriyat and the government but that these amounted to “communication” rather than dialogue. On the other hand, Chidambaram’s office refrained from making any comments, except that since the Home Minister had initiated a process of “quiet diplomacy”, details could not be made public.
The implied progress was corroborated and confirmed on November 18, 2009 when Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, while talking to the media, said: “A lot is happening. Work is going on … on many possible solutions, one of which is an agreement between New Delhi and Srinagar with Pakistan’s blessings.” It was also reported that India and Pakistan had held two rounds of meetings in Bangkok and that the dialogue had been conducted between former Pakistan High Commissioner Aziz Ahmed Khan and former RAW chief A S Dullat despite an apparent suspension of overall talks between the two neighbours.
The Mirwaiz also said that the basic paradigm of discussions was inspired by Pervez Musharraf’s four-point proposal for an acceptable solution to Kashmir. However, India was not ready for the aspect within these that called for joint management and control of foreign affairs, currency and communications in Kashmir. He noted that it was hoped that back-channel communication could create a substantive opening before the Hurriyat considered entering into public dialogue with the Centre. He also admitted that the new momentum had much to do with pressure from the U.S. which was pushing for a solution in order to address Pakistan’s growing concerns.
However, the Mirwaiz has been in a precarious position due to the process being followed. Facing allegations of starting this “quiet diplomacy” with the Indian government without taking General Council of the amalgam and the Kashmiri people in confidence, he has argued that that talks for resolving any issue were yet to start, insisting that both India and Pakistan needed to start dialogue in order to pave the way for tripartite talks.
Whatever the progress on Chidambaram’s approach, the process received a setback when senior All Parties Hurriyat Conference leader Fazal Haq Qureshi, believed to be a key player in the secret talks held between the Mirwaiz Umar Farooq-led APHC and the Home Minister, was attacked. The assassination bid was seen as a move to disrupt the covert negotiations and came as a direct threat to Mirwaiz Umar Farooq and his separatist conglomerate in reaction to their apparent decision to begin engaging in quiet and direct talks with New Delhi.
Some effects, as had been expected at the initiation of the talks, have since seen light. On December 19, 2009, Indian Defence Minister A.K. Antony announced that two Army divisions (about 30,000 troops) had been withdrawn from Jammu and Kashmir and that there were plans to pull back more troops if the law and order situation continued to improve. At the same time though, he ruled out revocation of the AFSPA from areas where armed forces were deployed for counterinsurgency operations.
On December 24, 2009, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs released its year-end review which noted that the number of terrorism-related incidents in Kashmir had dropped by 27 per cent in 2009 as compared to 2008. India continued to accuse Pakistan, however, of abetting in the training and infiltration of militants in Kashmir. The review stated that during 2009, 473 infiltration bids were made, out of which 367 were foiled; from these, 93 terrorists were intercepted and 227 retreated into Pakistan on being intercepted, whereas 110 terrorists managed to sneak into the valley.
Indian intelligence sources also contend that Pakistan has set up dedicated communication towers at Tum, Nikral, Samani and Zaffarwal in Azad Kashmir to provide assistance to terrorists operating in the Poonch, Rajauri, Naushera and Kathua regions. Upping its ante against Pakistan, the Indian media reported that in 2008, of the 237 militants killed, 171 had been foreigners; in 2009 another 161 militants were killed and these included 133 foreigners. In the current year, until mid-March, 21 militants had been killed, and out of these, five were reported to be foreigners. Defence Minister Antony also alleged that there are forty-two training camps operating in Pakistan and that there had been little effort to close them down.
Somewhat contradictory at first glance are reports of an alleged spike in violence even as talks progress amid relatively peaceful times. Citing various factors such as the quiet talks, the prime minister’s reconstruction programme, and a stable government in the state as reasons for rising frustration among militant groups, Chidambaram warned that “militant groups are coming together to give a push.” Army Chief General Deepak Kapoor also insisted that Pakistan had done nothing to dismantle the forty-two anti-India training camps and was continuing to support militants. Pakistan is also being blamed for the recent spurt in violence and renewed ceasefire violations both at LoC and the international border.
Towards February 2010, in an effort to mollify anger in the valley over the killing of a teenage boy at the hands of security forces, India announced that it was considering a major confidence-building measure of granting amnesty to young Kashmiris who had allegedly joined militant groups in Azad Kashmir, as well as to families that had crossed the LoC to save themselves from shelling and troop harassment. India hopes that this “surrender and rehabilitation policy” would go a long way towards addressing the political dimensions of Kashmiri dynamics.
Under such a scheme, those who seek to return are to be “quarantined” for at least a month for interrogation by agencies. The proposal has attracted severe criticism from various quarters as it is being pointed out that a return of militants would escalate violence as it could be abused by forces that are bent on creating havoc. In these testing times, this comes as a challenge to New Delhi in terms of balancing its negotiations with APHC and appeasing the Kashmiri populace.
Home Minister Chidambaram has come out and defended the initiative, saying that the identification, screening, facilitation of travel from Pakistan, de-briefing, rehabilitation and integration with the country will be part of the policy and will be observed with meticulous organisation. He observed that there was nothing new in the scheme as the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) has already recruited one full battalion of surrendered militants, whereas the Border Security Force (BSF) also absorbed 450 ultras. On May 12, 2010, Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah announced that the rehabilitation policy to facilitate return of militants from Pakistan-administered Kashmir is in the final process of submission to New Deldi.
As far as Pakistan’s own approach to Kashmir is concerned, the manner in which it has now attempted to raise the issue in the now reopened bilateral discussions with India shows how its importance has never diminished. While the strategic element has never been questioned, even if it has remained sidelined relative to the emotive aspect; of late, the economic facet has surfaced like never before due to a cognizance of water insecurity in the region. Nevertheless, Kashmir remains a major issue for Pakistan as it attempts to engage India in systematic and organized discussions on a number of issues.
Recently, Pakistan’s former Foreign Minister Khurshid Mehmood Kasuri disclosed that the previous government had completed almost 90 per cent of the spadework on the Kashmir dispute by 2007, and that the entire exercise needed just the formal signature of all the three parties to the issue - Pakistan, India and representatives of Kashmir. He said that the solution is ‘just a signature away’ once India and Pakistan decide to pull the file from the rack as the entire paper-work has been done.
He also claimed that the copies of related documents are safe with some friendly countries as negotiators from Islamabad and New Delhi had quietly toiled away for three years, talking to each other and Kashmiri representatives from the Indian side as well as those settled overseas, to reach the “only possible solution to the Kashmir issue.” Through this, the two sides had reportedly agreed to full demilitarisation of both Indian-occupied Kashmir and Azad Kashmir. In addition, a package of loose autonomy that stopped short of the ‘azadi’ and self-governance aspirations had been agreed and was to be introduced on both sides of the disputed frontier. “We agreed on a point between complete independence and autonomy,” he said.
He noted that this arrangement needed a review after fifteen years of its announcement and was to be implemented and monitored by all parties concerned, and that it could be further improved. However, following a political upheaval in Pakistan, the issue was thrown in the backburner. Similar claims were made by former President Pervez Musharraf when addressing a gathering in the House of Lords in England, where he said, "We were not far from resolving Kashmir problem with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on the basis of a four-point parameter which would demilitarise Kashmir and make the line of control irrelevant."
However, rejecting these claims, Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi said that neither he nor the people of Pakistan have any knowledge about such a Kashmir solution as the proposal has never been debated and there exists no corresponding record in the Foreign Office. While acknowledging the important role of backchannel diplomacy, Qureshi insisted that disputes were always resolved through formal talks and this is exactly what the current government is attempting.
On May 25, 2010, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh once again announced that his government was ready for dialogue on Jammu and Kashmir if separatists shun violence. He said, “I would like to appeal to all the groups outside the political mainstream that our government is ready for dialogue if they shed violence.” Rejecting the offer to resume dialogue, APHC leader Mirwaiz Omar Farooq said that "genocide of Kashmiris and dialogue can't go together." He also asked Pakistan to raise the issue of human rights abuse of Kashmiris at the hands of Indian occupation forces during the India-Pakistan talks in July, insisting that, "you can't have only one kind of terrorism on the agenda."
For the past couple of years, the Indian government has been taking credit for a decline in militancy, and a turnout of 60 per cent voters in the 2008 state election which is deemed to be a reflection of people’s attitude against separatist politics. However, the recent spate of violence indicates how deceptive that claim has been and how frustrations among the Kashmiri people, and especially the youth, have risen due to the state of affairs in the valley.
The younger generation has come out to the streets not with guns but with stones to express anger and disillusionment. The deployment of the army for the first time in a decade indicates the gravity of situation. Though protests or even stone pelting is not a new phenomenon in Kashmir, the latest round of violence which started with an incident on May 30, 2010, a fake encounter in the Machil sector, has shown how the situation has not improved. Three young Kashmiris were declared to be cross-border terrorists and had been killed by an Indian army unit in this encounter which was exposed and naturally led to much backlash.
The motive behind staging this incident was the monetary reward and promotion that comes with encounters on the LoC. Tempers in the valley were already high when the killing of a seventeen-year-old student by occupation forces on June 11 added fuel to fire. Since then, fifteen people (mostly teenagers but also a nine-year-old boy and a woman) have been killed by the CRPF in just over a month. As a result, as Kashmir again dominates headlines, the rhetoric of negotiations is increasingly being replaced with the slogan of “azadi” in the valley.
While refusing to admit its own failures and looking at the root causes of unrest, the Indian government was quick to shift the blame on the Pakistan-based LeT as Home Minister Chidambaram noted that anti-national elements linked to LeT were trying to exploit the situation in Kashmir.
The statement evoked strong reactions in Kashmir as not only the mainstream political parties but also ordinary people felt the insensitivity of these words as well as the actions of the Indian government. Mehbooba Mufti, leader of the main Opposition party in Kashmir, termed the statement an “insult to the Kashmiri people”. Fingers were also pointed towards hard-line separatists for fomenting trouble in the valley since the Union Home Ministry claimed to have intercepted a conversation between two senior office-bearers of the Geelani-led Hurriyat faction in which they were allegedly discussing the killing of at least fifteen people in a procession near Srinagar.
Pakistan was also not spared as on July 7, 2010, Indian Defence Minister A.K Antony professed that attempts of infiltration into Kashmir from Pakistan were increasing with “conscious, calculated attempts” to push more terrorists into the valley. The very next day, the Congress party held Pakistan responsible for the turmoil in Kashmir and advised the government to take up the issue of “inimical elements” from across the border that had a hand in perpetrating violence, with the neighbouring country.
Despite these efforts to shift the blame to Pakistan or LeT, it is heartening to see that a large number of Indian analysts have been able to understand and highlight the root causes of current turmoil. Though admitting that Pakistan can take advantage of the current situation by mobilising the international community, the majority of analysts have rejected the idea of Pakistan’s hand in creating unrest. Instead, these commentators have blamed both the Union as well as the state government. It is being pointed out that while the abuse of human rights is a major factor, other concerns such as the growing gap of communication between the state government and the people has played a key role in forcing the people to protest.
Few of the ministers of the Legislative Assembly have bothered to engage with their constituencies since elections in 2008 and the state administration remains indifferent to the problems faced by the people. The laxity of the Union government can be gauged by the fact that on November 18, 2004, in an effort to win the hearts and minds of the Kashmiri people, Manmohan Singh had announced a reconstruction plan, involving an outlay of Rs 24,000 crores for basic services, employment generation, and relief and rehabilitation to families of victims; but most of this has not gone through. Six years later, the Indian government has recently admitted that only half of the 67 projects drawn up under the Prime Minister's Reconstruction Plan for Jammu and Kashmir have been completed. Omar Abdullah’s government is also being blamed for corruption and mismanagement.
Moreover, the CRPF has also been severely criticised for its brutal response to the protests. The total indifference of the political elite towards human rights abuses has turned the people of Kashmir against the government. Furthermore, it is being largely acknowledged that India has failed to build on the gains made by occupation forces by bringing the overall law and order situation under control. New Delhi has been unable to introduce CBMs such as the revocation of AFSPA that could have helped win back the confidence of the Kashmiri people. This latest acknowledgment has come from the Indian Chief of the Army Staff General V. K. Singh.
Cautioning the government, analysts and commentators are denouncing the efforts to relate these protesters to LeT or Al Qaeda as these arguments could be used by security forces to justify civilian killings. Demonising the protesters and labelling them LeT cadres or anti-national elements would only further alienate them. The need of an internal dialogue between the Union government and Kashmiri political parties to address the political future of the state is also being highlighted. Better training of the police and paramilitary forces to control mob violence has also been suggested as the politicians need to be more responsive to people’s grievances.
But all these measures may not bear fruit unless India realises the fact that it cannot suppress the popular demands of the people by using force and a strategy of denial is not going to serve its purpose. The settlement of Kashmir is central to peace in South Asia. A resolution between India and Pakistan with the Kashmiri leadership on board will contribute to the fight against terror and ensure prosperity not only for the two countries but for the entire South Asian region. And, given the importance it has on a global stage, not only will it improve the regional image, but allow for potentially unprecedented progress on other avenues of contention between the two countries.
While there is no reason to dismiss arguments that the best possible solution to Pakistan-India problems would be to overlook the Kashmiri dimension, making less controversial issues the bedrock, it is equally important to recognize the other side of the argument – that a reasonable solution to Kashmir may well end up defining the future course of action on most of the important facets of the relationship including water, terrorism and trade.
Section VI: Trade
While seemingly non-contentious an issue, trade relations have also suffered from strident and chronic politicisation. Two contrasting views have traditionally existed when prospects of peace through trade are considered. While it has been assumed, perhaps a little too simplistically, that a stable relationship is a prerequisite to trade, recent scholarship has suggested that in fact Pakistan and India should enhance trade relations as a means to attain regional stability and bilateral friendship.
As it is, successful trade between Pakistan and India, while problematic, offers multiple workable avenues that have tremendous potential. The irony is that while trade between the two countries is abysmally low, there has, except for a period of nine years between 1965 and 1974, never been a complete trade embargo. While the debate of whether flourishing trade can precede regional security continues, there is almost unanimous agreement that economics offers the one most potentially effective path for bilateral as well as regional benefits. It was for this reason that “one of the most important meetings between India and Pakistan on trade issues” in 2005 attended by President Musharraf and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh generated considerable optimism. However, a subsequent joint communiqué has not seen any fruitful results five years down the line
In 2008, trade between India and Pakistan amounted to a paltry 2 billion dollars with India accounting for one per cent of Pakistan’s and Pakistan accounting for 0.5 per cent of India’s trade. Despite these seemingly low figures, compared to trade with other countries in the South Asian region, 36 per cent of South Asian imports of India come from Pakistan. The corresponding figure for Pakistan is 69 per cent, making them two major trading partners in South Asia “despite all hurdles” and deceptively low absolute figures. Current official trade figures of about $2 billion are actually a substantial increase from the meagre $300 million in 2003-2004, so while still “unnaturally small”, any increase in trade needs to be studied in context.
While criticised on many grounds, one giant failure of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has been in its ineffectiveness on trade expansion. While the South Asia Free Trade Agreement or SAFTA has been signed by members, interregional trade has not grown. Some argue that India needs to take the lead since it represents 80 per cent of South Asian GDP and has the “primary responsibility for promoting economic stability in the region.” This has in fact allowed China to build up its own regional strengths by partnering with Pakistan and Bangladesh. However, much of the responsibility also rests on the bilateral failures of Pakistan and India to reach agreeable solutions to conflicts outside of the trade relationship since the two dominate dynamics within SAARC.
Two primary reasons and significant features of low trade between the two countries are largely cited. First, Pakistan’s failure to grant India the MFN or Most Favoured Nation status which, if nothing else, is politically significant, especially since India had done so in compliance with the principles of the WTO regime in 1995. Secondly, highly problematic are the substantial tariff and especially non-tariff barriers which are more significant in India’s case since they prevent Pakistan from developing a market. Pakistan’s ‘Positive List’, examined later in this section, while having its fair share of critics, has widely been regarded as being fair to India. This is a telling point since a large percentage of imports from India covers a small part of this list of importable goods, and additions have been made to it when need is felt. A further breakdown of barriers to trade – both tariff and non-tariff barriers – is given in the table below.
Source: Mohsin S. Khan, “India-Pakistan Trade: A Roadmap for Enhancing Economic Relations”, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Number PB09-15, July 2009.
While bilateral and regional figures show the essential dynamics of trade, some important facets of specifically Pakistan-India are ignored if one focuses on official statistics. Third-country trade and smuggling or illegal trade increase the official figures substantially, even if by adding their value, figures still remain much lower than expected. Third-country involvement alone is likely to increase the figure by a factor of four or five. Informal trade via third countries such as UAE, but specifically Dubai, is estimated to be between $2 billion and $3 billion per year – even higher than official bilateral trade; needless to say, if carried out bilaterally, it could be done at a much lower cost and bring substantial benefits.
The issue of trade in the energy sector – and it is here that regional security issues are most important – is a further area of substantial interest. Through this, Pakistan seeks to gain royalty figures that could be equivalent to as much as 5 per cent of its total export earnings. And, when one encompasses other regional issues in the trade debate, there are also concerns emanating from India regarding its trade with Afghanistan where land routes and transportation through Pakistan makes it much more effective. Needless to say, regional stability and at times issues that may not be in State control hinder progress on all these fronts. With the politicisation of trade in energy accompanied by foreign policy dilemmas, the potential of trade in energy, as well as of transit routes, will take some time to be actualised.
This regional dimension for trade in South as well as Central Asia is highlighted in a recent World Bank report on peace and economic cooperation. It stresses the need for a more comprehensive cooperation that brings security together with trade in this “moment of reckoning in South Asia”. It argues for a leadership role for the region in a global economy that rests on cooperation rather than competition in order to maximise individual gains. Taking the example of perennial hostile neighbours Pakistan and India, the argument is that there has been a persistent zero-sum game where one tries to gain at the expense of the other. However, a clear winning strategy is cooperation.
To elaborate as an example, India needs to sustain its high growth rate and will require cheap and stable supplies of oil, gas and industrial raw material from Central and West Asia, for which Pakistan is “the most feasible conduit”. Additionally, it will need to develop a larger regional market for its exports, and again the relevance of Pakistan, given its proximity, cannot be discounted.
For Pakistan, one major problem that has been exacerbated by Indian policy is its most prized commodity - the textile sector. While internal energy problems need to be accounted for, there is reason to suggest that better economic ties with India would have prevented the decrease of 9.3 per cent in exports from this sector alone. In addition, the strong sense of an Indian failure to adopt leadership is seen by the existing non-tariff barriers and its disapproval of liberalisation policies and innovative partnerships with Pakistan such as common trade zones at distinct points at the border.
Indeed, this ‘sabotage’ by India is also evidenced in its bilateral trade with Pakistan as its imports from Pakistan are among the lowest, while the reverse is true for Pakistan. While this may be acknowledged as a biased understanding from a partisan Pakistani framework, it goes to show at the very least the mistrust that has seeped into economic spheres as well.
Based on some earlier studies, under the SAFTA treaty, Pakistan and India’s trade could be increased to up to fifty times its current level if its true potential is achieved. A more recent report by the Peterson Institute for International Economics on India-Pakistan trade presents a more conservative but still substantial potential figure for official trade being twenty times greater if relations are normalised.
Some of the salient features of Pakistan’s trade policy 2008-09 – whether implemented or not – are very relevant to trade ties with India as noted by the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-09. This included the import of cheaper raw material machinery sourced from India due to the addition of 136 items in the Positive List which also included diesel and fuel oil which will be cheaper due to lower transportation cost. Reducing these costs is a policy followed since the import of stainless steel and cotton yarn has been allowed through both trains and trucks at the Wagah border.
While there is no comprehensive trade agreement between the two countries and Pakistan only allows limited number of tradable goods in its Positive List, the number has been growing. As per potential tradable goods, there is scope for tremendous improvement if one analyses the current imports and exports of both countries.
For instance, 32 per cent of the value of Pakistani exports occurs in goods that are imported by India from other countries and these cover multiple sectors – significantly, in the non-textile arena. Similarly, Indian exports cover almost 53 per cent of the goods that Pakistan imports. This distinction of the goods is important since firstly it looks at diversified sectors and can cause much benefit to the economy in many ways, and two, it can allow more effective, low-cost trade in goods that are already being traded from other parts of the world, perhaps a necessary lead-up to a South Asian leadership in the global economy.
Moreover, it needs to be recognized that the oft-quoted high potential for trade between the two neighbours has been highlighted due to a number of reasons. Indeed, given the circumstances, it seems almost incredible to a neutral observer in the modern world that the potential benefits are not being harnessed; the countries are rich in resources and labour, provide land routes for regional trade and energy supplies, and being neighbouring countries can undertake trade at much lower costs. Moreover, sharing a long border, innovative strategies can be implemented for enhancing trade and raising employment levels. Hence, it needs to be analysed as to why trade has remained low despite all the likely advantages to the contrary.
There are other less obvious areas of interest. The energy sector, for instance, offers numerous chances but is dependant on political stability. India’s export of its ‘soft power’ and increasing partnership with Pakistan brings in an altogether more social dimension to economics. Entertainment industries in both countries have traditionally sought common ground and this has risen in recent years. And the issue of India’s trade relationship with Afghanistan and transport routes through Pakistan also needs to be highlighted. There are numerous implications for the trade debate and there have been many suggestions made as to how the two countries should proceed.
One recommended process to be followed has been divided into two phases of short-term and medium-term measures that could be adopted. The former, many of which were agreed to in principle at the aforementioned Musharraf-Singh meeting in 2005, have been widely debated and relate to trade facilitation. These include easing restrictions on visas, eliminating requirements of ships touching a third country port before bringing imports, opening additional border crossings and additional bus routes, allowing branches of banks to function in both countries and increasing air links. The medium-term measures primarily relate to Pakistan’s granting MFN status to India, and India’s reducing tariff rates on goods relevant to Pakistan and removing non-tariff barriers. Other goals for mutual benefit in the long term include transit routes and infrastructure development.
Since the Mumbai attacks, the climate for negotiations has been unusually bad. Indeed, on the first anniversary of the attacks, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) released a contentious document titled “Task Force Report on National Security and Terrorism” that recommended “a limited but intense attack on Pakistani territory to prevent similar acts of terrorism” and proposed an immediate ban on trade, “closure of travel routes, as well as denial of permission for overflights to Pakistani airliners.”
Seeing this within the larger framework of Indian designs against Pakistan, the Lahore Chamber of Commerce and Industry proclaimed that it was suspending all trade delegations to India till the resumption of the Composite Dialogue. Since then, however, the situation has cooled down. In December 2009, a Pakistani delegation took part in a Trade Expo in India and returned optimistic. Later, in 2010, the Indian High Commissioner, speaking on trade issues also noted that construction work on Integrated Customs Check Posts had started at Wagah and would allow both countries to ship consignments easily. Suggesting the opening up of trade on further land routes, he also noted that potential of $10 billion trade could be achieved if other such measures are taken.
One can safely say then that enhanced trade offers much potential for economic and perhaps also political ties between India and Pakistan. The current state of affairs shows a rise in trade but the figures still remain unsubstantial. The most obvious issues include Indian tariff and non-tariff structures and Pakistan’s delaying the MFN status to India. There are also other more technical concerns of the Positive List – whether or not this should be a system at all, and if so, how it needs to be enhanced.
More immediate concerns of visa issuance, red tape and travelling also require political solutions. Moreover, the entire subject needs to be studied keeping in mind large quantities of informal trade through third countries as well as illegal trade, which if added to current official data makes up a bigger if still unsatisfactory picture. The energy sector may end up providing the biggest challenge, but also the most potential as India and Pakistan look to develop an enhanced trade relationship. For, only if that happens will the proverbial chicken-and-egg riddle of trade and regional peace be solved.
Section VII: Conclusion
This study has attempted to comprehensively point out the main areas of concern, especially since the Mumbai attacks of November 2008, that have caused the relationship between Pakistan and India to enter a significant phase in an already turbulent current history. Perhaps more importantly, it has tried to establish the regional implications of peace and security through cooperation between the neighbours that require amiable solutions to all the problems, among many others, listed above.
It is increasingly becoming clear that the relationship is moving into a new phase. For all the darkness and mistrust in the time since 26/11, there is now cause for some mobilisation towards a political negotiation of sorts, the contours of which are yet to be manifested. And, despite the prevailing hostility and the collective, often despairing notions of helplessness and fatalism, there is no reason to withhold any aspirations and optimism.
In July 2010, there is an expected meeting between the foreign ministers of both countries; this is to be sandwiched between a second meeting between both foreign secretaries and an expected meeting between the prime ministers at a later date. There are those who scoff at dialogue and how years of meetings have held no fruitful results; however, it is also noted that periods of negotiations go hand-in-hand with periods of relative peace, even if no substantial or tangible progress is made. This allows for deeper understanding to develop between the nations, for people to be able to move across the border and for a rising sense of security that may in the end diminish the hostile collective memories that have plagued processes of peace in the first place.
More importantly, these periods of negotiations, however superficial, deny the existence of a vacuum that could be used by militants and extremist ideologues and lead to regional insecurity, hostility between the countries and an exacerbation of unresolved issues.
Various untested avenues are continually being sought. The power of soft image is slowing coming into the more informal field of diplomacy being tested by people of the two countries. Cooperation in media and the entertainment industries as well as projects such as ‘Aman ki Asha’ between media groups have, for instance, have added to the already existing innovative and non-traditional attempts at peace-building that previously included ‘cricket diplomacy’. Broadening the discourse to include all the multifaceted efforts can only result in decreasing the improbability of lasting peace.
However, with rising regional issues at play, there are other more serious indicators that will also require new platforms to discuss previously ignored or irrelevant issues. A ‘proxy war’ in Afghanistan being fought between India and Pakistan, for instance, is an issue that may replace Kashmir and terrorism as the primary talking point. There is a resurfacing of allegations on both sides, regarding the support of militants that cause destabilisation in the home country, and the situation with water insecurity has the potential to cause tremendous problems for policymakers.
In the end, while there are warning signs that need to be examined, there are also signposts that indicate paths towards peaceful, if not altogether mutually beneficial, co-existence. As the world grapples with new and more immediate challenges on a truly global scale, Pakistan and India need to evolve, more so now than ever before, from what has been an extremely narrow and regional view of political economy to a more relevant platform from where both can aim to reach the ends they desire. The old conventional wisdom of one of the two succeeding as opposed to the other has run its course. For Indian ambitions of regional, if not global, leadership and Pakistan’s quest for national stability, the discourse itself needs to be enhanced.
That a political solution is being sought, is indeed a positive sign, but a sustained, concentrated and systematic effort to solving broader issues needs to be made. Over six decades of interaction at the highest possible level has not led to such an effort. However, as both countries deal with pressing concerns – some, on which they become minor players for each other – there is reason to hope that conditions now allow for more meaningful talks with substantial results. It remains to be seen whether missed opportunities of the past will now be translated into an actualization of the potential that generations continue to wait for. The challenge is to transform a negative collective memory of two peoples into a collective hope – and that is something that belligerence has never achieved.
Courtsey
The Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad
http://www.issi.org.pk/ss_Detail.php?dataId=515
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Film Review: Toussant Louverture
February 28, 2012 , by Ed Rampell
Every once in a while a stand up and cheer movie comes along that sweeps audiences off of their feet. Toussaint Louverture is one of these breathtaking movies. This two-part, three hour-plus saga about the leader of the Haitian liberation struggle is in the same league, and has the epic sweep of classic biopics, such as David Lean’s Lawrence of Arabia, Warren Beatty’s Reds, Sir Richard Attenborough’s Gandhi as well as the recent feature about another Western Hemisphere leader, Lula, The Son of Brazil.
Toussaint Louverture is also what the venerable Pan African Film and Arts Festival is also all about: Breaking the motion picture industry’s color barrier with Black-themed studio and indie features, shorts, documentaries and other arts from around the world. This filmfest, which coincides with Black History Month, is America’s top Black movie venue and a leading U.S. showcase for independent, student, political and progressive pictures, from the ’hood to Mother Africa to the Black Diaspora scattered throughout the globe. A top venue for World Cinema, PAFF has screened films from Australia about Aborigines, New Zealand movies about Maoris, and other South Pacific pictures, plus Caribbean productions that previously included a biopic about Frantz Fanon (author of The Wretched of the Earth), Cuban pics and 2006’s Best Foreign Film Oscar winner, South Africa’s Tsotsi.
This is the 20th annual PAFF, and a cause for rejoicing, because there are few – if any – other venues in Los Angeles, the capital of the film industry, where groundbreaking movies like Toussaint Louverture could be released. Indeed, PAFF is presenting the U.S. premiere of this
2012 made for TV movie produced by French television — arguably the BEST film I’ve ever seen at PAFF, which I’ve been covering for more than a decade.
In a sense, Toussaint Louverture has been long in the making. By the 1930s, Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein, who made revolutionary classics such as 1925’s Battleship Potemkin, was interested in making a film called Black Majesty featuring Toussaint’s co-leader, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, which is outlined in Vladimir Nizhny’s book Lessons With Eisenstein. Eisenstein had wanted the indomitable Paul Robeson to play Dessalines (or one of his comrades) – can you imagine how electrifying this work would have been? In any case, it was not to be.
Nor (so far!) has Danny Glover’s projected movie about the Haitian Revolution, which was supposed to be a collaboration with the film industry of Hugo Chavez’s Venezuela. (To read Glover’s explanation re: why the picture has not been made yet read my interview with the actor/activist in the upcoming issue of The Progressive Magazine.) Toussaint has been depicted in a handful of short, documentary and feature films, notably in director Jean Negulesco’s 1952 Haitian Revolution drama Lydia Bailey, starring Anne Francis and Dale Robertson, with Trinidad-born Ken Renard (a big and little screen veteran who appeared in the South Seas set TV series Adventures in Paradise and with John Wayne in 1969’s True Grit) as Toussaint. The Haitian Revolution also inspired Gillo Pontecorvo’s (Battle of Algiers) classic about Third World liberation struggles called Burn! (which was set in a fictional Caribbean isle named Queimada). Marlon Brando told Larry King Burn! was the most important movie he’d ever acted in.
In any case, French TV director/co-writer Philippe Niang finally pulled it off with the action packed Toussaint Louverture. This made for TV movie looks great – it has lush production values and superb period costumes, which enhance its ambiance of authenticity. It was not shot at the actual prison where Toussaint was held (which I coincidentally visited last August at Le Doubs) but in the south of France, while the Caribbean sequences were lensed at Martinique. The film’s trajectory as it follows the title character’s revolutionary evolution from slave to the “New Spartacus,” general and governor of the “world’s first Black republic,” as Haiti is called, has the ring of truth. Haitians at the PAFF premiere told me it was “90% accurate.” The politics are also sharp and complex, full of contradictions, political infighting and faction fights. The cause also, alas, took its toll on Toussaint’s private life and family, especially on his wife Suzanne (Malian/Gambian actress Aïssa Maïga of 2006’s Bamako).
But Toussaint comes across at all times as an extraordinary, dignified individual – the real deal, who is at the same time made of flesh and blood: No statue is he. This is in no small measure because Haiti-born actor Jimmy Jean-Louis stars in the title role. He is stellar, delivering an Oscar-worthy performance that required great presence as well as acting skill, as Toussaint ages during this biopic that spans his tumultuous yet glorious life. Jean-Louis previously appeared in movies with Jean Claude Van Damme, Bruce Willis, Harrison Ford, Jane Fonda, Jennifer Lopez, and played the male leads in The Diary of a Tired Black Man and Phat Girlz opposite Mo’nique. Toussaint’s comrades are portrayed by Thierry Desroses as Christophe and Hubert Kounde as Dessalines, with Stany Coppet as the “mulatto” General Rigaud. (Coppet and Jean-Louis attended PAFF’s standing room only premiere.)
My Hollywood Progressive publisher Sharon Kyle recently emailed me a “list of movies about race relations that invariably place white people at the center, usually as the savior – To Kill a Mockingbird, Driving Miss Daisy, Mississippi Burning, A Time To Kill, The Help, Invictus, The Blind Side, A Dry White Season, Cry Freedom, Ghosts of Mississippi, Armistad, Dangerous Minds, Glory, Crash.” There has been a similar trend vis-à-vis Hollywood’s Holocaust films, with German – and even Nazi – characters leading the way in saving the Jews, most notably Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List. But as with the Daniel Craig fact-based 2008 feature Defiance about the anti-fascist Jewish resistance, Toussaint Louverture is a magnificent movie wherein the wretched of the Earth stand up for and free themselves. At last, here is a movie worthy of those brave beloved Black Jacobins, who defeated Napoleon and terrified America’s slaveholders. Don’t miss one of the best films I’ve seen in years. BRAVO!!!
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Private Healthcare uk
Health care private Great Britain
U.S. multinationals shop in British rehabilitation centers when demand rises. The change in policy has undermined the entitlement of British citizens to free public health care, leading to an increase in the use of the private sector. Now click here for the most comprehensive market research reports on UK Private Healthcare.
for HCA Healthcare UK: first class private healthcare provided by London and Manchester based hospitals. In the UK, almost nobody buys health insurance for themselves.
Privat medical care in the United Kingdom
Private-sector healthcare in the UK, where there is widespread, state-funded healthcare, is a small cornerstone industry. The private delivery of care to paying patient (or their insurer) should be differentiated from private service delivery to paying patient (or their insurer) service delivery, which is provided by the NHS for free to them.
In 1979 the Royal Commission on the NHS covered private health care in the United Kingdom. Private hospital registrations, care facilities and clinical facilities, some of which also contract ually care for NHS sufferers; private practices in NHS hospital registrations, which include care for private in-patients (in paid beds), out-patients and outpatients; private practices of general practioners, general dentists and other NHS contracting parties, which include optometrists and chemists who supply NHS care, but usually also carry out retailing or other private work;
Non-NHS private practices conducted by doctors and dentists and other personnel such as NHS qualifying NHS personnel, foot hygienists and physical therapists who opt to work outside the NHS in whole or in part; treatments by other non-NHS physicians such as Osteopaths and chiropractors.
Private healthcare spending in the UK was in 1976 valued at 134 million, excluding abortion, long-term treatment and dental treatment. This represented about 3% of the UK's overall healthcare spending. Back then, about 2% of all emergency patient wards and 6% of all UK hospital wards were in private clinics and foster home wards.
In 1977 they report that there were 1,249 registered private and nursing homes with 34,546 bed places in the UK. This includes 117 private surgical wards. Back then, 116,564 persons 65 years of age and older were in dormitories provided by or on the orders of regional government, as against 51,800 persons in the NHSgeriatrics.
Approximately 73% of the bedding was for medically ill people, 15% for surgically ill people, 11% for mentally ill people and 2% for motherhood. Then there were about 4,000 private hospital bed places used by NHS clients under the supervision of NHS physicians, about 0.8% of the NHS's population.
Approximately half of the abortions were carried out in private clinic and care-home. The NHS counsellors who took up private practices were allowed, where available, to refer their private clients to private bed sites (pay beds), of which there were 4,859 at that date in NHS hospital or as daily clients, or to treat them on an outpatient basis.
8 per cent of all NHS counsellors worked part-time, mainly because they took up a private placement. Parttime advisors earned on averages around one third of their revenues from private practices. With the Health Services Act 1976, an autonomous Health Services Board was set up which is in charge of the gradual removal of wage cots from NHS wards.
It has been suggested to the Commission that the private nature of the NHS has helped and promoted abuses, in particular by preventing patient waitlists. Paid bed was very contentious at the outset, but the Commission's opinion was:'We do not currently consider the availability or lack of paid bed in NHS clinics to be significant from the point of views of the NHS's efficiency'.
About 11% of general dentists' lives in 1977 were devoted to activities other than general dentistry, probably mainly in private practices. Performancerelated information is gathered by the Private Healthcare Information Network. The private patients' rate of return reached 360 million pounds in London. The Health Services Journal. Returned on April 2, 2018.
Numbers that become 'private' for operations that increase with the deepening of NHS rationing". Returned on August 14, 2018. The UK private healthcare market is likely to achieve USD 13.8 billion by the end of 2023 with a 2.6% CAGR". Returned on January 4, 2019. "British private clinics are suffering from the fact that the NHS is bringing work back into the home."
Returned on January 4, 2019. Returned on June 12, 2015. Gesundheitsstiftung. Gesundheitsstiftung. Returned on June 19, 2015. Moto: "Hancock is defending GP in hand endorseement by claiming that GP practice is all 'private'". Brought back on October 9, 2018. NHS in Laundry for Private Money. Returned on January 26, 2017. London's private incomes are growing to cover the fall over other trust assets.
The Health Service Journal. Returned on December 30, 2018. NHS is expanding private nursing to close the 20 billion pound financing shortfall. Returned on January 26, 2017. A concordat with the private and voluntary health sector". Ministry of Health. Returned on June 19, 2015. Gesundheitsstiftung. Gesundheitsstiftung. Returned on June 19, 2015. Gesundheitsstiftung.
Gesundheitsstiftung. Returned on June 19, 2015. Returned on June 19, 2015. Private operators are pushing for a greater share of the NHS. June 18, 2015. Returned on June 20, 2015. "The private enterprise could carry out 100,000 additional operations." The Health Service Journal. Brought back on October 8, 2018. The Health Service Journal. April 27, 2015. Returned on June 13, 2015.
Is NHS being privatized? March 19, 2015. Returned on June 20, 2015. Improvement of private health information". The Health Service Journal. Returned on June 13, 2015. "in private hospitals". Center for Health and Welfare. Returned on June 19, 2015. One third of private UK hospital beds offer inadequate services.
Returned on June 3, 2018. Returned on June 20, 2015. Is NHS being privatized? March 19, 2015. Returned on June 20, 2015. Is NHS being privatized? March 19, 2015. Returned on June 20, 2015.
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Electronic books Computers Operating Systems
URL : Linux distributions
Author : Many authors
Last published:2009
A Linux distribution (also called GNU/Linux distribution by some vendors and users) is a member of the family of Unix-like software distributions built on top of the Linux kernel. Such distributions (often called distros for short) consist of a large collection of software applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, media players and database applications. The operating system will consist of the Linux kernel and, usually, a set of libraries and utilities from the GNU project, with graphics support from the X Window System. Distributions optimized for size may not contain X, and tend to use more compact alternatives to the GNU utilities such as busybox, uclibc or dietlibc. There are currently over six hundred Linux distributions. Over three hundred of those are in active development, constantly being revised and improved.
Because most of the kernel and supporting packages are some combination of free software and open source, Linux distributions have taken a wide variety of forms — from fully featured desktop and server operating systems to minimal environments (typically for use in embedded systems, or for booting from a floppy disk). Aside from certain custom software (such as installers and configuration tools), a distribution is most simply described as a particular assortment of applications installed on top of a set of libraries married with a version of the kernel, such that its "out-of-the-box" capabilities meets most of the needs of its particular end-user base.
One can distinguish between commercially backed distributions, such as Fedora (Red Hat), openSUSE (Novell), Ubuntu (Canonical Ltd.), and Mandriva Linux and entirely community-driven distributions such as Debian and Gentoo, though there are other distributions that are driven neither by a corporation nor a community, perhaps most famously Slackware.
(From Wikipedia, description text under Creative Commons License)
Free Ebook to download in PDF format - 66 Mb - 742 pages
Tags: Linux, Linux distributions
Electronic books / Computers
Electronic books / Computers / Operating Systems
Electronic books / Computers / Operating Systems / Linux
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Resident Evil: Afterlife 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray Review
Reviewed by Jami Ferguson
After a one-woman assault on the Umbrella Corporation’s fortress, Alice’s (Milla Jovovich) superhuman abilities are neutralized. Now, fleeing the Undead masses created by the T-virus, Alice reunites with Claire Redfield (Ali Larter) and her brother, Chris (Wentworth Miller). Together they take refuge with other survivors in an abandoned prison, where a savage zombie mob stands between them and the safety of "Arcadia." Escaping these bloodthirsty mutants will take an arsenal. But facing off with Albert Wesker and the Umbrella Corporation will take the fight for survival to a new level of danger.
Film (4 out of 5 stars)
Based on the popular Resident Evil video games, the films follow Alice (Mila Jovovich) through her war with the undead. Alice was once an employee of the Umbrella Corporation. She discovered that they had created a deadly virus and hoped to stop them. The T-Virus was unleashed, creating a rapidly spreading population of zombies. Alice was infected with the T-Virus, but it bonded with her giving her super strength and speed. The Umbrella Corporation was very interested in capturing and studying Alice, which did not end well for them.
Resident Evil: Afterlife begins in Japan. The Umbrella Corporation operates from an underground facility, and the surface has been overtaken by zombies. Alice makes her way through the Umbrella sight killing security guards as they come at her. She is no longer concerned with where the individual falls on the Umbrella Corporation food chain. I assume that every Umbrella Corporation hire begins with a training video, explaining that you are in fact a part of an evil organization. A familiar face, Albert Wesker (Shawn Roberts) has been hunting Alice. She catches up to him in Japan but he is able to inject her with an agent that destroys the T-Virus in her system.
This leaves Alice without her super powers (strength, healing, and speed) but she still survives incredible odds. Alice hops in a plane and heads for Alaska. In Resident Evil: Extinction, Alice sent a group of friends to Alaska, in search of a town called Arcadia. Arcadia was rumored to be a sanctuary, free from infection. When Alice arrives in Arcadia she finds only one member of her group, Claire Redfield (Ali Larter). Claire has amnesia and has been controlled by an Umbrella Corporation device. Like a good friend would, Alice ties Claire up and drags her to the plane. The two women are back in the air, headed for what remains of southern California.
Alice manages a remarkable landing on top of a prison. She meets a group of survivors, including basketball player Luther West (Boris Kodjoe) and Claire's brother Chris (Wentworth Miller). The prison is threatened by the braindead zombies banging on the doors. Additionally, there is a mega zombie that will certainly break through the gates and another creature making its way through the foundation. Nearby a ship, The Arcadia, sits motionless. At this point Alice learns the Arcadia is not a town in Alaska, but it is a massive ship that still shows promise. She hopes to bring her new friends and find the old ones happy and healthy on board the ship.
The Resident Evil franchise is one of my favorites. Its gory, it’s bloody and not particularly inventive. The fourth movie is much like the third, and the second, and so on. That’s not a bad thing. More of the same is okay with me. I enjoy following Alice on her adventures and refuse to devote any brain power to the impossibility of her situations. This film was just as enjoyable as any prior Resident Evil film or the one that followed. This is one of my favorites of the franchise and I can’t honestly put my finger on why that is. These films are not stand-alones, which is one of the things I like most about them. I appreciate the running story line and have enjoyed following Alice through zombie land.
This film was made for a 3D audience and much of the actions comes directly at the viewer. I’m not a fan of watching 3D movies at home, and I prefer the UHD format. I certainly don’t feel like I’m missing anything by watching it in 2D and I’m happy to report that the action planned for 3D doesn’t come off as gimmicky tricks that ruin the movie in 2D. Resident Evil: The Final Chapter is due to be released in theaters this Friday. The Final Chapter is the sixth movie in the franchise, so don’t forget to watch Resident Evil: Retribution before heading to the theaters.
Video (4 1/2 out of 5 stars)
Resident Evil: Afterlife’s 4K UHD release offers significant improvements over the standard Blu-ray release. The HDR colors are muted, but it works very well for this dreary film. Much of the film is stark white or deep black and the UHD release handles both extremes well. Detail inside the plane shows marked improvements. This is the situation where you’d never know what you were missing until you compared the two formats. Skin and clothing textures and the details of the zombie hoards show increased definition. Water falls in very cool ways. Mila’s makeup is a bit too fresh from a storytelling standpoint but those details are only evident because of the quality of the UHD release.
Audio (4 1/2 out of 5 stars)
Resident Evil: Afterlife's UHD release includes a Dolby Atmos soundtrack which is an upgrade from the previous DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 presentation. Gun fire is the predominant effect, which is authentic and offers directionality. The opening offers a chance to hear Alice swoop in for the kill. You can hear the echoes in the large umbrella facility and feel the claustrophobia of the small spaces in the prison. Dialogue is even and intelligible throughout the film. This is a well-rounded, prioritized and executed presentation from Sony.
Extras (4 out of 5 stars)
Resident Evil: Afterlife's UHD release includes the Blu-ray with all of the supplemental content previously released. Movie IQ is available for an additional viewing experience. The UHD disc contains cast and crew stills with a Moments collection.
The Blu-ray offers the following:
Undead Vision: Picture-in-Picture - This option adds cast and crew interviews along with previsualization artwork and behind the scenes footage. The window is very small so it doesn’t take up too much of the screen, but it also makes it hard to see details.
Audio Commentary - Writer/Director Paul W.S. Anderson and Producers Jeremy Bolt and Robert Kulzer provide the standard commentary with interesting information about shooting in 3D, special effects, stunts and more. You won’t learn anything remarkable but fans interested in the filmmaking process should enjoy the insights.
Deleted & Extended Scenes – Just under seven minutes of deleted and extended scenes including Intruders-Extended, Alice and Claire in the Plane, Alice Rolls Quarters -- Extended, Getting Dirty, Crystal Volunteers, On the L.A. River, and To Arcadia -- Extended.
Outtakes – 4 ½ minutes of bloopers and fun moments on set. It’s unusual to see Alice smiling and laughing which makes the lighter times worth taking note.
Back Under the Umbrella: Directing Afterlife – A look at Anderson’s work throughout the series and Alice’s character.
Band of Survivors: Casting Afterlife – A featurette focused on the primary cast and characters.
Undead Dimension: Resident Evil in 3D – The challenges and rewards of a 3D shoot.
Fighting Back: The Action of Afterlife – A brief look at the stunt work and the physicality of the film.
Vision of the Apocalypse: The Design of Afterlife – Storyboard, previsualization and set design are explored in this featurette.
New Blood: The Undead of Afterlife – A look at the zombies and what it takes to make them real.
Pwing the Undead: Gamers of the Afterlife – The cast and crew discuss the game and its similarities to the film.
Sneak Peek of Resident Evil: Damnation – A peek at the sequel to the anime film Resident Evil: Degeneration.
Summary (4 out of 5 stars)
Resident Evil: Afterlife's UHD release doesn't add any new supplemental features, which is okay because the Blu-ray release bordered on overkill. The UHD release offers a noticeable audio and video upgrade from the standard Blu-ray. I highly recommend the film and the purchase to anyone who has loved other films in the franchise.
Posted by Sean Ferguson on Monday, January 23, 2017
Categories 4K Ultra HD Review
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Sanya International Duty Free City: Average daily passenger flow exceeds 30,000
In the two months since the new policy was implemented on July 1, the number of visitors to the store exceeded 1.8 million, a year-on-year increase of 60%.
"We are all busy flying!" A staff member said when a reporter from Hainan Daily contacted Sanya International Duty Free City for an interview on September 7.
"The cumulative tax exemption limit per person for outlying islands will be raised from 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan per year, the 8,000 yuan tax exemption limit for a single product will be cancelled, and seven types of duty-free products including natural honey, tea and tea products, alcohol, and mobile phones will be added. The new policy has rapidly increased the popularity of Hainan’s outlying island duty free in the country, effectively stimulating the enthusiasm of consumers across the country to travel and shop in Hainan.” said Gao Xujiang, executive director and general manager of CDFG Sanya Duty Free Shop Co., Ltd., the new policy will be implemented on July 1. In the past two months, the number of visitors to the store exceeded 1.8 million, a year-on-year increase of 60%, and the average daily passenger flow exceeded 30,000.
Since July, reporters have visited Sanya International Duty Free City twice, and each time they have seen long queues of consumers waiting to enter the store for shopping. According to statistics, in July and August, the Haitang Bay tourist area where the Duty Free City is located, the hotel occupancy rate approached 100% every day.
"In order to cooperate with the release of the overall plan of the Free Trade Port and the new tax-free policy on outlying islands, the Duty Free City has increased its cooperation with world-renowned brands and introduced more marketable products, especially increasing orders for popular products such as fragrances, watches, and jewelry. Fully guarantee sales." Gao Xujiang said, in order to provide consumers with a good duty-free shopping experience, Duty Free City actively optimizes the store service process, increases the city's display stores, expands the area of outlying islands, and adds a new one in the T1 terminal of Sanya Phoenix Airport Duty-free pick-up points, the airport pick-up windows increased from 18 to 38; in order to solve the problem of consumers queuing to check out, the Duty Free City has added a number of temporary checkout counters.
In order to ensure the implementation of the Free Trade Port policy, Sanya International Duty Free City has received strong support from governments at all levels in its operation. Relevant departments have introduced timely measures in commodity clearance and taxation processing to create good conditions for enterprise development and operation.
Gao Xujiang said that Sanya International Duty Free City will cooperate with the Group to continue to promote the integrated operation of Hainan, integrate high-quality resources, increase investment in people, finances, and materials, make every effort to expand the effect of the duty-free market on outlying islands, continue to optimize the brand layout, and bring more consumers to consumers. International brands welcomed by consumers are introduced to the Hainan market to meet diversified shopping needs and ensure sufficient goods in the Hainan market; launch more innovative and more powerful online and offline promotional activities to benefit consumers and enhance the shopping experience.
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Hugh McDermott for Prospect
Hugh & Prospect
Schools not Stadiums
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Progressive Entrepreneurship: A Work in Progress
Posted by Dr Hugh McDermott Mp on February 09, 2016
by William A. Galston
A few years ago, the noted economist Benjamin Friedman laid out the moral case for a progressive commitment to robust economic growth. Growth, he argued, increases opportunity and mobility, makes fairness more likely, and strengthens support for tolerance and democracy. At the same time, he offered two caveats. First, to achieve these results, growth must be widely shared. If those at the top commandeer its fruits, opportunity and mobility will stagnate, and social tensions will rise. Second, if the right kind of growth is valuable in part because it provides public goods, then a basic tenet of public-choice theory holds that the market by itself will undersupply those goods. The right kind of collective action can improve on pure market outcomes.
Friedman might well have added a third caveat: Growth in output loses much of its luster if it doesn’t increase the supply of good jobs. Between its pre-recession peak in 2000 and the next cyclical peak in 2007, for example, real manufacturing value-added increased by more than 20 percent—while manufacturing employment declined by 19 percent, from 17.3 million to 13.9 million. Standard economic theory tells us that as productivity gains reduce the demand for labor in established sectors, new opportunities will emerge to absorb the excess. That is what happened during our transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy, as sustained gains in agricultural productivity freed up labor for mass production. But as we have learned during our latest great transformation—still ongoing—to an information-based economy, the process can be painfully slow and unfair. What is a displaced 55-year-old factory worker in Michigan supposed to do?
After World War II, when the U.S. economy bestrode the world like a colossus, American businesses could absorb or pass on increased production costs. Consumers’ real incomes were rising robustly, and American steel, auto, and textile manufacturers faced little pressure from lower-priced imports. Today, global competition makes that all but impossible. So sectors of our economy that seek to export or are challenged by imports have no alternative; they must relentlessly increase productivity. That can be good for consumers: Compared to a generation ago, cars from the (shrunken) Big Three are of significantly higher quality and are made far more efficiently. The flip side is that it takes fewer workers to produce each car. A compelling case can be made that the twenty-first century U.S. economy needs a robust, globally competitive manufacturing sector. It’s much harder to make the case that this sector will ever again generate the number of jobs we need.
If we care about opportunity and mobility for all, then we must do what we can to accelerate the emergence of new sectors. Progressives must bet on innovation. Research by the Kauffman Foundation has uncovered a startling fact: During the past generation, the lion’s share of net new job generation occurred in firms less than five years old. In 2007, the last year before the Great Recession, these firms provided fully two-thirds of net new jobs. So pro-growth progressives should be disposed to favor measures that facilitate the formation of new firms and increase their odds of succeeding. And because the research also suggests that periods of recession and high unemployment provide opportunities for new business formation, we should do what we can to wring advantages out of today’s less-than-robust economy.
Far from being spontaneously self-organizing, markets are structures of laws and rules that create incentives and disincentives for different kinds of behavior. Markets are human creations subject to reflective revision based on the outcomes they generate. That is what the proponents of the innovation agenda argue, and that is also what progressives believe. There is thus a solid basis for evidence-based analysis and dialogue.
And there is a shared point of departure as well: the centrality of information and the importance of maximum feasible transparency. For example, we all saw what happened when firms were allowed to keep derivatives and “special purpose entities” off their regular balance sheets. Progressives should find it easy to support proposals requiring companies to report all assets and liabilities on their balance sheets fully and intelligibly so that investors and regulators can assess their real financial condition. In the same vein, it makes good sense to maximize public access to all government-supported research. After all, these grants and contracts are funded by public tax dollars in furtherance of public purposes. And all other things being equal, innovation is likely to accelerate if those who can push the research further or move toward its commercial application have access to it.
There are other promising points of convergence. Most people who have spent substantial time in university settings agree that the three-decade-old Bayh-Dole Act, which established the framework for the commercialization of university-based research, has had some unanticipated consequences and needs revision. It serves no one’s interest if university bureaucracies impede the pace of technological innovation, and the Commerce Department has the power to issue new rules that would break the logjam. Progressives will cheerfully agree that developers should bear the costs of their activities that would otherwise be off-loaded onto taxpayers. (The principle that agents should internalize the externalities for which they are causally responsible is attractive in many spheres.) Using the Internet to speed new firm formation is just common sense, and it’s hard to imagine anyone objecting to its sensible implementation. The Obama Administration has repeatedly endorsed expanding the research-and-development tax credit and making it permanent. And it is intriguing that some pro-innovation scholars even have a good word for “private enforcement” (aka tort lawyers) as an adjunct to public regulators whose efforts are often misdirected and ineffectual.
A Long-Running Debate
So far, so good. But there are some obstacles to a full-throated progressive embrace of the innovation agenda. Some are obvious. For example, innovators tend to start with small ventures, and typical progressive approaches to taxation and regulation tend to hit smaller firms harder than larger ones. Our tax code doesn’t make it easy to distinguish between the legitimate concerns of entrepreneurs and the efforts of highly compensated lawyers and financiers to lower their effective rate of taxation. Progressives need to think harder about ways of drawing that line so that new ventures aren’t hobbled at the starting gate. Much the same goes for mandates: New and small firms have a much harder time internalizing the costs of compliance, and progressives have not always supported strategies that could reduce this burden. Here again, progressives should be willing to rethink the obsolete assumption that what works for larger, older firms should apply to startups. And the reverses of recent decades have tended to make progressives more conscious of threats to stability and security than to innovation and growth. It has taken many aging progressives too long to realize that the manufacturing economy of their youth cannot be restored.
Progressives must face an inescapable truth: We can’t rebuild a full-employment economy whose gains are widely shared unless new firms create tens of millions of new jobs during the next generation in sectors we can hardly imagine today. Accelerating the pace of innovation—and its effective commercialization—is the essential precondition for renewing progress toward a better society. We don’t have the luxury of proliferating pilot projects or indefinitely subsidizing our preferred modes of transportation and energy. Only the private sector can bring change to scale, and it can do that only with innovations that pass the market test. We need to put growth first, and with it, the laws and rules that promote it.
That said, there is a tension between economic growth and other things progressives care about. It is unlikely that progressives will throw their support behind an innovation agenda unless there is reason to believe that average Americans—not just the favored few—will benefit. Nor should we. Growth in economic aggregates is not good enough. There is a potentially powerful coalition in favor of a pro-innovation agenda linked to concrete measures to ensure that its fruits are widely shared. But this coalition can become real only if those who focus on innovation accept the need for reciprocity. It is not good enough to repeat the mantra of “creative destruction” if the gains from destruction accrue principally to the creators while the costs are borne by those whose way of life is destroyed.
One example of the tension can be found in tort law. The legal scholar George Priest distinguishes between the “deontological” and “instrumental” approaches to tort law. Deontological approaches are concerned with issues such as “corrective justice”—in plain English, compelling individuals who have harmed others through actions such as property violations and breach of contract to compensate the victims for their losses. Progressives typically favor this approach: If you’re responsible for fouling the environment or injuring your workers, you’re equally responsible for cleaning up the mess or compensating the injured. Priest criticizes such approaches on the grounds that they impede innovation and growth, recommending instead instrumental strategies that take these economic goods as maximands and pursue redress through private insurance and mandatory investments in cost-effective prevention measures.
Philosophers have long known that the consequences of unconstrained utilitarianism map poorly onto settled beliefs about decency and justice, a thesis that applies as much to tort law as to any other field of policy. While growth matters a lot, it is not the only thing that matters. For example, it may well be the case that the vigorous pursuit of mine safety reduces the productivity of many mines and increases the price of coal. There’s little doubt that the former CEO of Massey Energy believes just that. But the cost of safety standards is hardly a knockdown argument against enforcing them. Conversely, there comes a point at which additional increments of safety, environmental cleanliness, or species preservation become disproportionately expensive, a proposition that progressives are often reluctant to acknowledge—for example, when it’s ten times more expensive to abate 98 percent of an environmental nuisance than to stop at 95 percent. We don’t have to embrace cost-benefit analysis to believe that at some point additional increments of a social good come at too high a price. But the broader point is this: A society that is unwilling to make reckless employers pay for breaches of workplace safety has lost its moral bearings. Maximizing growth at the cost of easily avoidable injury and death is simply wrong. To enjoy legitimacy, law must comport with our sense of what’s right.
Nor are progressives comfortable with innovators’ confidence that competition always improves outcomes. For example, while competition among jurisdictions has some positive features, it also has negative consequences. When states compete for businesses by offering ever-larger tax breaks and other concessions, the costs often exceed the benefits. The problem is that the benefits are typically upfront, not the least for the politicians who land new plants and corporate headquarters, while the costs show up when it’s too late to do anything about them. If competitive incentives are skewed, the results are usually perverse. The “race to the bottom” isn’t just a figment of the imagination; witness the collapse of underwriting standards for mortgages and collaterization in the frenzied quest for market share and year-end bonuses.
In addition, innovation scholars have thought a lot harder about the policies they prefer than about the politics of getting them adopted. Take immigration. Many groups (including a bipartisan commission I helped organize) favor a more accommodating stance toward high-skilled immigrants for the simple reason that our current policy is patently self-defeating. Speaking only for myself, I would be willing to support high-skilled immigration reform as a freestanding measure. But for most progressives, high-skilled immigration is part of a much larger picture, and they fear that moving on a single proposal, however attractive, might further weaken support for comprehensive reform. Perhaps action on highly skilled immigrants should not be “held hostage” to other immigration issues. But in the real world it is and probably will continue to be. The pro-innovation community, which heretofore has emphasized loosening restrictions on foreign students and others with valuable training and skills, could build trust and help break the stalemate by looking at the issue more broadly and endorsing some version of comprehensive reform.
Growth and Fairness
The issues raised here are not new. For the past three decades, there has been a tension among progressives between “neoliberals” who are comfortable with growth-oriented economics and the use of market mechanisms in social policy and more traditional liberals who continue to embrace the regulatory and economic security strategies that became canonical during the New Deal. The former group emphasizes the pro-growth consequences of open-trading regimes; the latter, their disruptive effects on established firms and communities. The former believes that the structure of the tax code affects economic growth and that how we raise funds for essential public purposes matters as much as how much we raise; the latter focuses almost exclusively on the consequences of taxation for aggregate demand. The former is willing to consider structural challenges in entitlement programs, while the latter views such changes as an abrogation of the social compact. The former believes that continuing on our current fiscal course would be more damaging than are the steps needed to get off it; the latter fears that the cure could prove worse than the disease, which may not be life-threatening after all. I could go on, but you get the point.
In short, while “progressive entrepreneurship” is far from an oxymoron, it is at best a promising possibility. Turning it into an achieved reality will take some work on both sides. Progressives must embrace growth as a high priority, and they must therefore endorse its preconditions. Innovation and entrepreneurship must be to the twenty-first century what industrialization and mass production were to the twentieth. For their part, innovation advocates must recognize that not all reservations against growth and competition are the product of ideology or ignorance. Justice matters, and so do public goods that markets cannot provide. There’s no reason in principle why these disparate concerns can’t be fused into a practical agenda with broad-based political support. But actually doing so will take the kind of open-minded, good-faith discussions that are all too rare in today’s polarized politics.
William A. Galston, Senior Fellow, Governance Studies, Democracy
This article was first published in Democracy (Issue #21, Summer 2011)
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R.Kelly
R. Kelly melts down during Gail King interview
by Music-News.com on March 7, 2019
R. Kelly broke down in tears while filming a new interview for a news show as he emotionally denied allegations he has kept sex slaves against their will.
The disgraced R&B star sobbed during the CBS This Morning chat with Gayle King as he recounted the drama surrounding his damning new docu-series, Surviving R. Kelly, which details decades of sexual abuse allegations against him and accusations of underage sex.
Since the project hit TV screens in January (19), the I Believe I Can Fly singer has spent a weekend behind bars awaiting a court hearing on 10 felony aggravated sex abuse charges for allegedly assaulting four victims, three of whom were underage.
The controversy surrounding him has also cost the singer tour dates in America and overseas, while lawyers representing his ex-wife have threatened him with charges for failing to pay child support.
As the problems mount, Kelly agreed to talk to King and the interview quickly got out of hand as Kelly yelled, “I’m fighting for my fucking life!” at the camera, as he broke down.
The TV chat, which was taped on Tuesday (05Mar19) was his first interview since he was arrested on aggravated sexual abuse charges, and King wanted to know the truth, pressing Kelly on the most recent allegations against him and asking the singer if he has ever held women against their will.
“I don’t need to,” he said. “Why would I…? How stupid would I be to do that?”
He then turned to one of the cameras and added, “Use your common sense. Forget the blogs, forget how you feel about me, hate me if you want to… but use your common sense. How stupid would it be for me, with my crazy past and what I’ve been through… oh, right now I need to be a monster and hold girls against their will, chain them up in my basement and don’t let them eat and don’t let them out…”
Breaking down he sobbed, “Stop it. Quit playing. I didn’t do this stuff. This is not me. I’m fighting for my f**king life!”
Kelly also reminded King he had already been acquitted of an underage sex charge and told the interviewer, “People are going back to my past… and they are trying to add all of this stuff, now, to that… I beat my case… You can’t double jeopardy me like that. It’s not fair.”
The full interview will air on CBS This Morning on Wednesday (06Mar19).
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You are here: Home / Events / Black History Month Event: The Impact of Black Britons - An evening with Reggie Yates
Black History Month Event: The Impact of Black Britons – An evening with Reggie Yates
Tony Di Angelo
Events, Latest News & Reports
The Hogan Lovells Multicultural Network and NOTICED are delighted to invite you to an evening event with Reggie Yates in celebration of Black History Month. This event will focus on the historical and present day impact black Britons have made in the UK and abroad, as well as their current influences and contributions to society.
It will take place on Monday 7 October 2019 from 6.00 pm to 9.00 pm, at Hogan Lovells’ Atlantic House office.
If you wish to attend, please RSVP by e-mailing committee@NOTICED.org.uk no later than 1 October 2019. Please be advised that there is limited availability, and so seats will be reserved on a first come, first served basis.
About NOTICED
NOTICED is the UK’s first inter-firm diversity network aimed at promoting networking opportunities to integrate, celebrate and educate on diversity across the legal sector.
About our speaker and guest
Reggie Yates’ career has seen him move from CBBC and Radio 1 to become an RTS award-winning investigative documentary maker.
In the last 5 years, Reggie has become synonymous with critically acclaimed documentaries and his awards include Best Presenter for the critically acclaimed Extreme Russia at the Royal Television Society Awards. Extreme Russia also won Best Factual Programme at the Edinburgh TV Festival and Best Multi-channel Programme at the Broadcast Awards.
Reggie is also a talented writer for film. His first short film Patriarch was aired on Channel 4 as part of their Random Acts season and another of his films, Shelter, aired on BBC iPlayer in September 2017. His second short film, DATE NIGHT, starring Daniel Kaluuya and Tony Way, won best UK Short at the London Independent Film Festival.
Reggie is at an extremely exciting point in his career. He has had three drama scripts commissioned this year with the BBC and has nine documentary films due to air over the next year which are set in places all over the world including the UK, Nigeria and the US.
Date: Monday 7 October 2019
Venue: Hogan Lovells, Atlantic House, 50 Holborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2FG
Time: 6:00 p.m. – 9:00 p.m.
NOTICED contacts: Ramesh Pani – ramesh.pani@ashurst.com and Nic Patmore – nic.patmore@hsf.com
Kindly RSVP by 1 October 2019 at committee@NOTICED.org.uk
Black History Month, Black Male Role Models, The Impact of Black Britons
Joining NOTICED
© Noticed 2019 Noticed.org.uk | Design by thefingerprint
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|| OLD SKOOL GANG IS A PERFORMANCE GROUP EQUIPPED WITH BAND PERFORMING HITS OF MOTOWN ARTISTS AND LIKE MUSIC. REPERTOIRE INCLUDES SONGS FROM THE TEMPTATIONS, THE O'JAYS, HAROLD MELVIN AND THE BLUE NOTES, TEDDY PENDERGRASS, SMOKEY ROBINSON AND THE MIRACLES, THE SPINNERS, THE MANHATTANS, AL GREEN, THE IMPRESSIONS, LEVERT, ETC.
“OSG” (Old Skool Gang) is the brainchild of Entertainment Executive, and former KC and the Sunshine Band Member, “Paul Lewis”. Paul’s musical career has now expanded through 4 decades of incredible success. As a single artist (Around The World, Lady I Love You, Girl You Need A Change Of Mind, Inner City Blues), as the lead singer and producer of the hit group “Bassix” ( Tears of A Clown, Fake N Move, Pump Up The Motown), the R&B group “RPM” (As One “The Wedding Song”), as an original member of the group KC and the Sunshine Band (Get Down Tonight, That’s The Way I Like It, Boogie Shoes, Shake Your Booty, I’m Your Boogie Man), and many more hits of the 70s and 80s. Paul’s smooth first tenor voice is just the right flavor to make the ladies remember Artist like Smokey, El Debarge, The Stylistics, Switch, Eddie Kendricks, O’Bryan, Sam Cooke & Enchantment.
Paul Decided to team up with three gentlemen that have also had illustrious careers in the entertainment industry.
Darrick Gaye
The first being a young man that he has had the pleasure of working with for a number of years as the consultant & distributor of his groups Gospel Album. Darrick Gaye started his career as a Gospel Artist & the lead singer of the award winning Gospel/Inspirational group D-n-A. This dynamic singer, producer, songwriter, performer has had the opportunity to grace the stage with many other superstar performers known around the world, including Freddie Jackson, Glenn Jones, Cherelle, Jody Watley, The Manhattans, Mary Mary, The Mighty Clouds of Joy and so many more. He is also a cousin to the late & great marvelous one, “Marvin Gaye”. Which helps to explain why this young gentleman of soul is such a incredible musical showman. We call him the Majestic One: Mr. Darrick Gaye.
Moses T. Talbot |||
The man behind the Music is our Music Director Mr. Moses T. Talbot III on the keyboards, making sure that all the musicians around the world that jam with “OSG” will keep the sound and the groove right on track. His many years of experience playing for some of the world’s greatest Superstars, is how “OSG” The Old Skool Gang stay on top of the Best Music of Yesteryear.
Craig "Silq" Edwards
Finally the icing on the cake comes from a gentleman known as, Craig “Silq” Edwards. Originally a South Florida resident has traveled extensively all over the U S & abroad singing & performing for audiences in over 12 countries. His smooth silky vocals & 5 octave range gives him a strong solid presence as a member of “OSG” while also making him a perfect compliment to Paul & Darrick. Craig’s voice is quintessence for those of you that need a little Teddy Pendergrass, Jodeci, R.Kelly, Johnnie Gill, The Temptations, Aaron Hall, or even Michael Jackson, to make your day just right.
Together these "Men of Music" make a powerful point, that "Old Skool" music is best done by those that helped create and refine it: The true Old Skool Gangsta’s,Old Skool Gentlemen, ”Old Skool Gang”, aka “O S G”. This special family of Entertainers & Musicians will make you glad that you had the chance to witness Musical Magic. So let’s go back in the day where music was Passionate, Meaningful, & Fun. And let’s do it with “OSG”. We hope to be performing somewhere just for you & yours Old Skool Style.
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Visit MyDowntown Mobile
By Vicky Winkler / February 14, 2020 March 3, 2020
Dar Williams, author of What I Found In a Thousand Towns, has built her musical career by performing in the small towns of America, which gave her a unique perspective on the fall and rise of these places. She writes about these experiences in her book, and we believe you should read about them!
We had the pleasure of meeting Dar at the 2020 NJ Planning Conference last month where she was a Keynote speaker and gave a wonderfully engaging talk (and musical performance!) about her unique viewpoint.
The following is Dar’s description of the book, which can be found on her website:
A beloved folk singer presents an impassioned account of the fall and rise of the small American towns she cherishes
Dubbed by the New Yorker as “one of America’s very best singer-songwriters,” Dar Williams has made her career not in stadiums, but touring America’s small towns. She has played their venues, composed in their coffee shops, and drunk in their bars. She has seen these communities struggle, but also seen them thrive in the face of postindustrial identity crises.
Here, Williams muses on why some towns flourish while others fail, examining elements from the significance of history and nature to the uniting power of public spaces and food. Drawing on her own travels and the work of urban theorists, Williams offers real solutions to rebuild declining communities.
What I Found in a Thousand Towns is more than a love letter to America’s small towns, it’s a deeply personal and hopeful message about the potential of America’s lively and resilient communities.
© 2021 MyDowntown Mobile®
MyDowntown Mobile
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FDA OKs Optimer's Clostridium difficile drug
The US Food and Drug Administration has given the green light to Optimer Pharmaceuticals' antibiotic Dificid.
Dificid (fidaxomicin) has been approved for the treatment of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhoea (CDAD), making it the first antibacterial indicated for the disease to be approved by the FDA in nearly 30 years. CDAD rates have steadily risen over the past decade and it is estimated that more than 700,000 cases of the infection occur in the USA each year. The infection is a significant problem for the elderly in hospitals and care homes.
The thumbs-up is based on two Phase III trials involving 564 patients and compared Dificid with vancomycin, a common antibiotic used to treat CDAD. The clinical response was similar in the Dificid group compared with vancomycin in both studies.
However, the FDA noted that in some patients with CDAD, symptoms can return and in the Dificid trials, a greater number of patients treated with the Optimer drug had a sustained cure three weeks after treatment ended versus those patients treated with vancomycin.
Last month, Optimer signed a two-year co-promotion deal for Dificid with Cubist Pharmaceuticals, which is best-known for Cubicin (daptomycin), approved for the treatment of complicated skin infections and bacteremia caused by MRSA. The latter firm will receive $15 million a year for its services and can earn up to $17.5 million over the two years if certain sales levels are achieved.
Optimer plans to hire 100 sales reps to promote Dificid to the 1,100 hospitals that account for 70% of CDAD cases in the USA. Chief executive Pedro Lichtinger said that "the recognition in our label of the Dificid superiority in sustained clinical response will allow the Optimer and Cubist field force to educate the medical community" about the advantage the product offers.
Astellas signs antibiotic deal with Optimer
http://www.optimerpharma.com
http://www.fda.gov
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Public Health England "must be fearlessly independent," say MPs
Lynne Taylor
The new public health body for England must be, and be seen to be, "fearlessly independent" of central government, says the House of Commons Health Select Committee.
The new body, Public Health England (PHE), "must be visibly and operationally independent of Ministers. It must demonstrate that it is able to, and regularly does, speak 'truth unto power'," said the Committee's chairman, Stephen Dorrell, launching a report by the panel examining government reforms proposed for public health.
Just as PHE needs to be visibly independent of central government, the Director of Public Health in each locality needs to be "a chief officer of the local authority with a statutory duty to address the full public health agenda within the locality," the Committee adds.
The MPs also call for more clarity on who will be in charge in a public health emergency such as flu pandemic. PHE must be given a "clear leadership and coordination role for development - and, where necessary, delivering - 'surge capacity' at the supra-local level where public health emergencies cross local boundaries," they say.
Two parts of the ring-fenced PHE grant to local authorities - the recurring fixed "baseline allocation" for health improvement and funding for mandatory services - will be allocated according to a needs-based formula. But the government proposes that authorities will only receive the third part of the grant - the Health Premium - if they make progress in improving the health of their local population, and the Committee is concerned at this.
"We believe there is a significant risk that, by targeting resources away from the areas with the most significant continuing problems, it will undermine their ability to intervene effectively and thereby further widen health inequalities," the MPs caution.
The Select Committee report makes a range of recommendations, including that the Health and Social Care Bill should give the Health Secretary an explicit statutory duty to reduce inequalities in public health as well as to protect the public from dangers to health, and for the new Cabinet Sub-Committee on Public Health to have a clear remit to scrutinise the public health impact of policies across government.
Also, while the government is proposing that the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) will become the "professional head of the public health profession," leaving the NHS Medical Director to provide professional leadership in respect of providing healthcare, the MPs believe that the CMO should perform both these duties.
The Health Select Committee report's emphasis on independence for PHE has been widely welcomed. "We have stressed to the Committee, and to the government, that in order to protect public health, it is essential that PHE has genuine independence and the resources to make decisions free from the constraints of central government," said Dr Richard Jarvis, co-chair of the British Medical Association (BMA)'s public health committee.
Jo Webber, deputy director of policy at the NHS Confederation, also said that this emphasis on full independence for both PHE and Directors of Public Health was "absolutely right." During a major public health emergency such as a flu pandemic, "it is vital to reassure the public that the advice they receive is authoritative and independent of politicians," she said.
Ms Webber said the Confederation also shares the Committee’s unease about the Health Premium. “We can’t see how the Health Premium is going to work as presently envisaged. Better-off areas will find it much easier to show measurable improvements in health inequalities. Without major changes, those areas with the greatest need could lose out,” she warned.
http://www.parliament.uk/healthcom
http://www.bma.org.uk
http://www.nhsconfed.org
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Home Publications > Letters of Franz Liszt >
1. Dr. Franz Brendel. December 20th, 1861
2. A. W. Gottschalg in Tieffurt. March 11th, 1862
3. Dr. Franz Brendel. April 12th, 1862
4. Mme. Jessie Laussot in Florence. May 3rd, 1862
5. Dr. Franz Brendel. June 12th, 1862
6. the same. July 12th, 1862
7. the same. August 10th, 1862
9. the same. November 8th, 1862
10. A.W. Gottschalg. November 15th, 1862
11. Eduard Liszt. November 19th, 1862
12. Dr. Franz Brendel. December 30th, 1862
13. Breitkopf and Hartel. March 26th, 1863
14. A.W. Gottschalg in Weimar. April 14th, 1863
15. Dr. Franz Brendel. May 8th, 1863
16. Eduard Liszt. May 22nd, 1863
17. Dr. Franz Brendel. June 18th, 1863
18. the same. July 18th, 1863
19. Breitkopf and Hartel. August 28th, 1863
20. Dr. Franz Brendel. September 7th, 1863
21. Dr. Gille in Jena. September 10th, 1863
22. Dr. Franz Brendel. October l0th, 1863
23. Mme. Jessie Laussot. October 15th, 1863
24. Dr. Franz Brendel. November 11th, 1863
25. Breitkopf and Hartel. November 16th, 1863
26. Dr. Franz Brendel. January 22nd, 1864
27. the same. May 28th, 1864
29. The Committee of the Society for the Support of Needy
Hungarian Musicians in Pest. June 18th, 1864
30. Eduard Liszt. June 22nd, 1864
31. Dr. Franz Brendel. July 1st, 1864
32. Walter Bache in London. July 2nd, 1864
33. ? August 7th, 1864
34. Eduard Liszt. September 7th, 1864
35. Breitkopf and Hartel. September 14th, 1864.93
36. the same. October 1st, 1864
37. Mme. Jessie Laussot. March 6th, 1865
38. Dr. Franz Brendel. April 3rd, 1865
39. Prince Constantine (Hohenzollern-Hechingen). May 11th, 1865
40. Breitkopf and Hartel. May 27th, 1865
41. Dr. Franz Brendel. July 21st, 1865
42. Abbe Schwendtner. September 20th, 1865
43. Dr. Franz Brendel. September 28th, 1865
44. Eduard Liszt. November 1st, 1865.
45. Dr. Franz Brendel. January 14th, 1866
46. the same. June 19th, 1866
47. the same. October 2nd, 1866
48. Breitkopf and Hartel. October 4th, 1866
49. Dr. Franz Brendel. January 6th, 1867
50. Dr. Cuturi in Pisa. January 22nd, 1867
51. Julius von Beliczay in Vienna. April 29th, 1867
52. Mme. Jessie Laussot. May 24th, 1867
53. Eduard Liszt. June 20th, 1867
54. William Mason. July 8th, 1867
55. E. Repos in Paris. July 12th, 1867
56. Prince Constantine Czartoryski.October 14th, 1867
57. Eduard Liszt. October 16th, 1867
58. the same. October 20th, 1867
59. Peter Cornelius. October 23rd, 1867
60. Eduard von Liszt. November 6th, 1867
61. E. Repos. November 8th, 1867
62. Mme. Jessie Laussot. January 13th, 1868
63. DP. Franz Brendel. January 26th, 1868
64. Walter Bache. January 30th, 1868
65. Dr. Franz Brendel. March 31st, 1868
66. Johann von Herbeck. June 9th, 1868
68. E. Repos. July 1st, 1868
69. Carl Riedel in Leipzig. August 12th, 1868
70. E. Repos. August 26th, 1868
71. Dr. Siegmund Lebert in Stuttgart. September 10th, 1868
72. E. Repos. September 19th, 1868
73. C.F. Kahnt. September 20th, 1868
74. E. Repos. September 22nd, 1868
75. Dr. S. Lebert. October 19th, 1869
76. Richard Pohl in Baden-Baden. November 7th, 1868
77. Johann von Herbeck. December 1st, 1868
78. Dr. Siegmund Lebert. December 2nd, 1868
79. Eduard von Liszt. December 6th, 1868
80. Johann von Herbeck. December 29th, 1868
81. Edvard Grieg. December 29th, 1868
82. Carl Bechstein in Berlin. January 19th, 1869
83. Johann von Herbeck. January 27th, 1869
84. E. Repos. March 3rd, 1869
85. Laura Kahrer in Vienna. April 15th, 1868
86. Franz Servais. May 21st, 1869
87. William Mason. May 26th, 1869
88. Heinrich Schulz-Beuthen. June 18th, 1869
89. Franz Servais. July 4th, 1869
90. Mme. Jessie Laussot. July 16th, 1869
91. Camille Saint-Sa2ns. July 19th, 1869
92. the same. August 4th, 1869
93. Mme. Jessie Laussot. October 7th, 1869
94. Dr. Ludwig Nohl. November i7th, 1869 188
95. Princess Wittgenstein. November 27th, 1869
96. Franz Servais. December 20th, 1869
97. Dr. Franz Witt in Ratisbon. Towards end of 1869
98. Dr. Siegmund Lebert. January loth, 1870
99. C.F. Kahnt. February 11th, 1870
100. Dr. Gille. February 26th, 1870
101. Baroness Schwartz in Crete. March 15th, 1870
102. Camille Saint-Saens. May 12th, 1870
103. Johann von Herbeck. June 20th, 1870
104. Sophie Menter. August 11th, 1870
105. the same. August 29th, 1870
106. Kornel von Abranyi in Budapest, November 2nd, 1870
107. Sophie Menter. March 22nd, 1871
108. Edmund von Mihalovich in Budapest. May 29th, 1871
109. Marie Lipsius. July 23rd, 1871
110. Franz Servais. August 25th, 1871
111. Walter Bache. October 25th, 1871
112. Marie Lipsius. October 25th, 1871
113. Breitkopf and Hartel. November 22nd, 1871
114. Mme. Anton Rubinstein. January 9th, 1872
115. Edmund von Mihalovich. April 18th, 1872
116. Johanna Wenzel. June 10th, 1872
117. Wilhelm von Lenz. September 20th, 1872
118. Otto Lessmann. September 26th, 1872
119. Eduard von Liszt. November 6th, 1872
120. Princess Wittgenstein. January 10th, 1873
121. Eduard von Liszt. January 13th, 1873
122. Dr. Emil Thewrewk von Ponor in Budapest. January 14th, 1873
123. Dr. Franz Witt. January 20th, 1873
125. the same. February 10th, 1873
126. the same. March 3rd, 1873
127. Mme. Jessie Laussot. March 30th, 1873
128. Casar Cui. May, 1873
129. Franz Servais. June 5th, 1873
130. Adelheid von Schorn. July 30th, 1873
131. Eduard von Liszt. August 19th, 1873
133. Walter Bache. August 20th, 1873
134. Max Erdmannsdorfer. September 16th, 1873
136. Kornel von Abranyi. October ist, 1873
137. Martha Remmert. December 27th, 1873
138. ? 1873
139. Countess Marie Donhoff in Vienna. January, 1874
140. B. Bessel in St. Petersburg. February 2nd, 1874
141. Skiwa in Vienna. March 21st, 1874
142. C. F. Kahnt. March 29th, 1874
143. Dr. Franz Witt. 1874?
144. Carl Riedel. April 17th, 1874
145. Dr. Franz Haberl, 1874?
146. Carl Riedel. May 5th, 1874
147. Princess Julie Waldburg. May 10th, 1874
148. Peter Cornelius. May 16th, 1874
149. A. F. Eggers in Liverpool. June 21st, 1874
150. Walter Bache. June 21st, 1874
151. Dr. Franz Witt. Early Summer, 1874
152. Dr. Franz Haberl. Early Summer, 1874
153. Edmund von Mihalovich. July 30th, 1874
154. Peter Cornelius. August 23rd, 1874
155. Ludwig Bosendorfer in Vienna. August 28th, 1874
156. Adelheid von Schorn. October 12th, 1874
157. Breitkopf and Hartel. November 24th, 1874
158. Count Albert Apponyi in Budapest. December 6th, 1874
159. Edmund von Mihalovich. December 8th, 1874
160. Carl Hoff bauer in Munich. End of 1874
161. Edmund von Mihalovich. December 29th, 1874
162. Carl Hoff bauer. Beginning of 1875
163. Julius Stern. February 4th, 1875
164. Count Albert Apponyi. February 18th, 1875?
165. Johann von Herbeck. March 3rd, 1875
166. Eduard von Liszt. April 22nd, 1875
167. Adelheid von Schorn. May 17th, 1875
168. Eduard von Liszt. July 17th, 1875
169. Louis Kohler. July 27th, 1875
170. Carl Hillebrand in Florence. August 2nd, 1875
171. Adelheid von Schorn. August 7th, 1875
172. Dr. Franz Witt. August or September, 1875
173. Lina Ramann. September 28th, 1875
174. Eduard von Liszt. September 29th, 1875
175. Kornel von Abranyi. October 14th, 1875
177. Eduard von Liszt. October 31st, 1875
178. Mme. Jessie Laussot. November 17th, 1875
179. Eduard von Liszt. November 26th, 1875
180 Hans Schmitt in Vienna. End of 1875
181. Kornel von Abranyi. January 20th, 1876
182. Eduard von Liszt. January 23rd, 1876
183. Dr. Eduard Kulke in Vienna. January 23rd, 1876
184. Marie Lipsius. February 3rd, 1876
185. August von Trefort in Budapest. March 1st, 1876
186. Walter Bache. March 8th, 1876
187. Mme. Jessie Laussot. March 9th, 1876
188. Dr. Leopold Damrosch in New York. April 15th, 1876
189. Friedrich von Bodenstedt. June 8th, 1876
190. B. Bessel. June 20th, 1876
191. Prince Carl Lichnowsky. June 21st, 1876
192. Max Erdmannsdorfer. June 27th, 1876
193. Kornel von Abranyi. August 6th, 1876,
194. Richard Wagner. August, 1876
195. Marie Breidenstein in Erfurt. September 18th, 1876
196. Camille Saint-Saens. October 2nd, 1876
197. L.A. Zellner in Vienna. October 31st, 1876
198. Hans Richter in Vienna. November 10th, 1876
200. Constantin Sander in Leipzig. November 15th, 1876
201. Breitkopf and Hartel. November 23rd, 1876
202. Constantin Sander. November 29th, 1876
203. Vera Timanoff. November 29th, 1876
204. Otto Reubke in Halle. November, 1876
205. Marianne Brandt in Berlin. December 3rd, 1876
206. Committee of the Beethoven Monument. December 10th, 1876
207. Eduard von Liszt. January 2nd, 1877
209. Eduard von Liszt. July 3rd, 1877
210. Ludwig Bosendorfer. July 12th, 1877
212. Kornel von Abranyi. July 28th, 1877
213. Constantin Sander. September 5th, 1877
214. Adelheid von Schorn. September 15th, 1877
215. Breitkopf and Hartel. September 26th, 1877
216. Frau Ingeborg von Bronsart. October 2lst, 1877
217. Eduard von Liszt. November 23rd, 1877
218. Jules de Zarembski. December 13th, 1877
219. Mme. Jessie Laussot. January 29th, 1878
220. the same. February 3rd, 1878
221. B. Bessel. March 11th, 1878
222. Walter Bache. March 19th, 1878
223. Dr. Ludwig Nohl. March 20th, 1878
224. Dr. Siegmund Lebert. March 27th, 1878
226. Kornel von Abranyi. April 14th, 1878
227. Fran Ingeborg von Bronsart. April 20th, 1878
228. Eduard von Liszt. April 26th, 1878
229. Edmund Singer. May 10th, 1878
230. Adolf von Henselt. June 5th, 1878
231. Eduard von Liszt. June 6th, 1878
232. Carl Riedel. June 7th, 1878
233. Vera Timanof£ Summer, 1878
234. Eduard von Liszt. July 6th, 1878
235. Robert Franz. July 12th, 1878
236. Kornel von Abranyi. September 13th, 1878
238. Freiherr Hans von Wolzogen. November 15th, 1878
239. Eduard von Liszt. November 21st, 1878
240. the same. January 22nd, 1879
241. Ludwig Bosendorfer. February 19th, 1879
242. Adolf von Henselt. February, 1879
243. Marie Lipsius. March 2nd, 1879
244. Otto Lessmann. March 23rd, 1879
245. Von Trefort. May 12th, 1879
246. Walter Bache, May 25th, 1879
247. Ludmilla Schestakoff. June 14th, 1878
248. A. Borodin, C. Cui, An. Liadoff, and N. Rimsky-Korsakoff.
249. Josef Bohm. June 22nd, 1879
250. Vera Timanoff. Summer, 1879
251. Adolf von Henselt. July 12th, 1879
252. Dr. Siegmund Lebert. September 25th, 1879
253. Bassani in Venice. October 28th, 1879
254. Anatole Liadoff. December 25th, 1879
255. Fran Reisenauer.Pauly in Rome. January 30th, 1880
256. Carl Klindwo1th. February 16th, 1880
257. Herrmann Scholtz. April 29th, 1880
258. Sophie Menter. May 26th, 1880
259. Jules de Zarembski. June 1st, 1880
260. Bassani. June 4th, 1880
261. Marie Lipsius. June l0th, 1880
262. Kornel von Abranyi. June 20th, 1880
263. Freiherr Hans von Wolzogen. July 28th, 1880
264. Friedrich Hofme1ster. August 17th, 1880
265. Baroness Helene Augusz. September 1st, 1880
266. Mme. Anton Rubinstein. October 24th, 1880
267. Frau Amalie von Fabry in Budapest. November 1st, 1880
268. Frau Anna Benfey-Schuppe. November 11th, 1880
269. Committee of Antwerp Musical Society. November 16th, 1880
270. Sophie Menter. December 2nd, 1880
271. Dr. Friedrich Stade. December 11th, 1880
272. S. Jadassohn. January l0th, 1881
273. Frau Reisenauer-Pauly in Konigsberg. January 29th, 1881
274. Dionys von Pazmandy. February 15th, 1881
275. Fran Colestine Bosendorfer. April 17th, 1881
276. the Committee of the Wagner-Verein. April 25th, 1881
277. Kornel von Abranyi. May 13th, 1881
278. the same. May 22nd, 1881
279. Frau Charlotte Blume-Arends. August 29th, 1881
280. Otto Lessmann. September 8th, 1881
281. Francois Auguste Gevaert in Brussels. September 19th, 1881
282. the same. October 8th, 1881
283. Edmund von Mihalovich. October 8th, 1881
284. Jules de Zarembski. December 4th, 1881
285. Camille Saint-Saens. December 6th, 1881
286. Ludwig Bosendorfer. December 8th, 1881
287. Pauline Viardot-Garcia. December 12th, 1881
288. Mme. Malwine Tardieu in Brussels. January 20th, 1882
289. Alexander Wereschagin. February 5th, 1882
290. Martha Remmert. February 20th, 1882
291. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. April 11th, 1882
292. Franz Servais. April 22nd, 1882
293. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. April 23rd, 1882
294. Otto Lessmann. April 23rd, 1882
295. Frau Charlotte Blume-Arends. April 23rd, 1882
296. Freiherr Hans von Wolzogen. April 25th, 1882
297. Frau Henriette von Liszt. May 11th, 1882
299. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. June 10th, 1882
300. Committee of Allgemeine Deutsche Musikverein. June, 1882
301. F. von Jagemann at Freiburg in Breisgau. July 6th, 1882
302. Nicolaus Oesterlein in Vienna. July 16th, 1882
303. Kornel von AbrAnyi. July 23rd, 1882
305. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. September 12th, 1882
307. the same. September 20th, 1882
308. Frau Charlotte Blume-Arends. September 27th, 1882
309. Otto Lessmann. October 14th, 1882
310. the same. November 4th, 1882
3ll. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. November 6th, 1882
312. Otto Lessmann. November, 1882
313. Adelheid von Schorn. November 20th, 1882
315. Franz Servais. November 26th, 1882
316. Adelheid von Schorn. December 8th, 1882
317. Carl Riedel. December 9th, 1882
318. Arthur Meyer in Paris. January 28th, 1883
319. Albert Fuchs. February 4th, 1883
320. Saissy in Budapest. February 6th, 1883
321. the same. February eth, 1883.
322. Rich and Mason in Toronto. 1883
323. Mme. Marie Jaell. February 12th, 1883
324. Adelheid von Schorn. February 14th, 1883
325. Otto Lessmann. February 18th, 1883
326. Lina Ramann. February 22nd, 1883
327. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. March 6th, 1883
328. Ferdinand Taborszky in Budapest. March 11th, 1883
329. Baroness M. E. Schwartz. March 22nd, 1883
330. Baroness Wrangel in St. Petersburg. May 20th, 1883
33I. Mason and Hamlin in Boston. June 12th, 1883
332. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. December 14th, 1883
333. Cäsar Cui. December 30th, 1883
334. Otto Lessmann. January 10th, 1884
335. Felix Mottl. February 8th, 1884
336. Frau Henriette von Uszt.February 8th, 1884
337. Camille Saint-Satins. April 29th, 1884
338. Otto Lessmann. May 7th, 1884
339. Camille Saint-Saëns. May 18th, 1884
340. Walter Bache, May 23rd, 1884
341. Carl Navratil in Prague. May 30th, 1884
342. Baron Friedrich Podmaniczky in Budapest, 1884
343. Freiherr Hans von Wolzogen. June 18th, 1884
344. Auguste Gotze. June 22nd, 1884
345. Kornei von Abranyi. July 1st, 1884
345A. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. August 9th, 1884
346. Rahter in Hamburg. August 28th, 1884
347. Richard Pohl. September 12th, 1884
348. Sophie Menter. September 13th, 1884
349. Baron Friedrich Podmaniczky. September 2lst, 1884
351. Mili Balakireff in St. Petersburg. October 2lst, 1884
352. Countess Mercy-Argenteau. October 24th, 1884
353. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. December 7th, 1884
354. Freiherr Hans von Wolzogen. December 18th, 1884
355. Camille Saint-Saens. End of 1884 or beginning of 1885
356. Countess Mercy-Argenteau. January 20th, 1885
357. Camille Saint-Saens. January 27th, 1885
358. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. April 6th, 1885
359. Lina Ramann. April 27th, 1885
360. Camille Saint-Saens. May 8th, 1885
361. Alexander Siloti. May, 1885
362. J. P. von Kiraly in Eisenstadt. June 5th, 1885
363. Ferdinand Taborszky. June 8th, 1885
364. Alfred Reisenauer. September 1st, 1885
366. Casar Cui. October 18th, 1885
368. Eduard Reuss in Carlsruhe. November 4th, 1885
369. Breitkopf and Hartel. November, 1885
370. Walter Bache. November 17th, 1885
370A. the same. November 26th, 1885
370B. the Philharmonic Society. November 26th, 1885
371. Countess Mercy-Argenteau. November 2lst, 1885
372. Camille Saint-Sans. November 28th, 1885
373. Eugen d'Albert. December 26th, 1885
374. Sophie Menter. December 30th, 1885
375. Eduard Reuss. January l0th, 1886
376. Walter Bache. February 11th, 1886
377. Countess Mercy- Argenteau. February 17th, 1886
379. Sophie Menter. March 18th, 1886
379. Countess Mercy-Argenteau. April 14th, 1886
380. Alexander Ritter. April 24th, 1886
381. Frau Amalie von Fabry. May 27th, 1886
382. Mme. Malwine Tardieu. May 29th, 1886
383. Eduard Reuss. June 5th, 1886
384. Frau Reuss-Belce. June 5th, 1886
385. Eduard Reuss. June 22nd, 1886
386. Sophie Menter. July 3rd, 1886
Index of Supplemental Letters
387. Freiherr von Spiegel in Weimar. September 30th, 1841
388. Eugenio Gomez in Sevilla. December 27th, 1844
389. Mme.? End of December, 1844
390. Mme.? Beginning of 1845
391. Mme.? in Milan. 1846
392. Frau Charlotte Moscheles (?). June 22nd, 1848
393. Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst. May 30th, 1801
394. Josef Dessauer (?). Beginning of the fifties
395. Testimonial for Joachim Raff. Beginning of the fifties.
396. Dr. Eduard Hanslick in Vienna. January 31st, 1856.
397. Minister von Bach in Vienna. September 18th
398. ? in Leipzig. Spring, 1859
399. Dr. Eduard Hanslick. September 24th, 1859
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Aboard Nanuq
Expedition Logbook
Meet the ITALIA descendants
Chemical Pollutants
Polar Drones
Scientist Vincenza Tornatore with one of the modern radio-telescopes in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Image credit: Alexander Neidhardt
Radio, Quasars and Telescopes in the Arctic
Interview with Polarquest2018 friend and geodesy researcher, Vincenza Tornatore
On this date, 90 years ago, at 8:55 pm, stranded radio-telegraphist Giuseppe Biagi sent off his hourly SOS. He used an Ondina 33, a radio that he managed to recover from the Airship ITALIA crash site on the Arctic pack and repair. At 9 pm, he at last made contact with the Royal Ship Città di Milano, which had been assigned by the Italian government as their support vessel. Five days prior, his SOS had been intercepted by a Russian amateur radio-specialist, and rescue missions from many countries were organized. Eventually, all the survivors were rescued on 12 July by the Russian icebreaker Krassin. The Ondina 33 radio was crucial for their rescue, as it was also used to direct rescuers from the sky, land and sea towards their constantly changing position on the drifting ice pack.
Giuseppe Biagi, radio-telegraphist of the ITALIA airship crew.
In light of this anniversary, it is probably no coincidence that this week was chosen to celebrate the “Official Opening of the new Earth Observatory” in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard – the very place from where the Airship ITALIA set off from in the early years of the 20th century. The New Earth Observatory is a twin radio-telescope that replaces the existing ones, with a 20m diameter parabolic antenna. This inauguration is part of the 10th IVS general meeting “Global geodesy and the role of VGOS – fundamental to sustainable development”.
Polarquest2018 friend Vincenza Tornatore, PhD, is carrying out research in Geodesy and Geomatics at ‘Politecnico di Milano’ ((Technical University). Dr. Tornatore spoke at the conference, giving a presentation entitled “VGOS Wideband Reception and Emerging Competitor Occupations of VLBI Spectrum”. She gladly accepted to answer our questions about the strategic importance of radio-telescopes in the Arctic.
PolarQuest: In 1928, a radio signal proved invaluable, as it determined the rescuing of nine crew members of the ITALIA Airship, the first airborne scientific laboratory of history. Today, you work with radio signals to study Quasars. What is a Quasar and how do you use radio to study them?
Vincenza Tornatore: Quasars are interstellar objects in the center of a galaxy that typically shine brighter than a billion suns. Scientists suspect that they are driven by huge black holes that attract gases by their high gravitational effect. These are compressed and thereby heated to several million degrees. A quasar emits intense light and energy that travels a distance of more than a billion light-years. Therefore, when the signal arrives on the Earth, is very weak. Due the huge distance, they appear as fixed points from the Earth, and can serve as precise and stable fundamental points for the reference frame of radio astronomy – known as the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF).
Radio astronomy measures the characteristics of radio waves emitted by physical processes that occur in space. Radio waves are much longer than light and, given the weakness of astronomical signals, large antennas, called radio telescopes, are needed.
PQ: How does this use of radio signals compare to the work carried out on the Airship ITALIA?
VT: Giuseppe Biagi used the Ondina 33 to create a signal for radio communication. In this case, the signal had a very precise frequency, with a frequency band defined by the modulation. It was a deterministic signal, completely defined for the whole duration with a sinusoidal trend.
A radio source, on the other hand, is a random signal, emitted by various radiations, with different phases and frequencies, with an inconsistent random feature.
The birth of radio astronomy is linked to the development and operation of radio communication. Guglielmo Marconi, in 1927, found interference in radio transmissions that coincided with the appearance of large sunspots and intense northern lights.
Radio telescopes in Ny-Ålesund. Image: Alexander Neidhardt
PQ: The ITALIA adventure teaches us that the Arctic is not a friendly place to live and work, with harsh weather conditions and polar bears. Why is Ny-Ålesund still such an important place for radio science?
VT: Ny-Ålesund hosts two latest-generation VGOS radio telescopes. They represent a cornerstone of the global infrastructure to support more precise positioning and monitoring of today’s important issues, such as ice loss and sea-level change.
These radio telescopes are a part of a global network of antennas operated and supported by an international collaboration of organizations hosted by NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC). Their measurements are used as reference by many earth scientists studying crustal plate dynamics, the interior of the Earth and climate change – and even open opportunities to predict earthquakes and tsunamis.
The importance of new VGOS infrastructures has been recognized by the United Nation in a resolution called “A Global Geodetic Reference Frame for Sustainable Development”, which was adopted by General Assembly in February 2015. This technology also plays in fact a vital role for satellite positioning techniques and space missions, since it is the only technique that can determine Universal Time.
PQ: How important is technological innovation today in your field?
VT: Technological innovations (hardware and software) play a major role for Geodesy since new measurement techniques can be developed to study and monitor global changes, for mapping, managing a big database of geospatial data, or for improving the measurement precision of existing methods. For example, the new VGOS system will allow results based on smaller (13.2 m instead of 20 m or 30m in diameter) fast slewing antennas and broadband receivers, higher recording data rate and transmission.
Map of IVS Network Stations. Image: IVSCC
PQ: What challenges are Arctic scientists facing today, compared to the first explorers of the Airship ITALIA? are the employment prospects in geodesy regarding the special region of the Arctic, in today’s context of global change, compared to 90 years ago when AIRSHIP ITALIA flew over the North Pole?
VT: The primary challenge affecting the Arctic, and the research being carried out there, is climate change. It is a critical challenge for the Earth’s future, and the Arctic is the region of the planet where changes are occurring more rapidly than elsewhere. The melting of the ice pack and the Arctic glaciers will open new areas for exploitation by human beings. It is likely that in the coming decades there will be an intensification of many economic activities in the Arctic. With the withdrawal of the ice, fishing will be practiced further north; people will begin to exploit the reserves of oil and, above all, of gas present in the Arctic; tourism is already registering an expansion; it is also very likely that maritime traffic will increase, in parallel with the export of Arctic resources.
Global warming has a huge impact on ice-covered surfaces, in particular on the formation and extension of sea ice, on the withdrawal of terrestrial glaciers and on the defrosting of permafrost. These phenomena have important consequences on the increase of vegetated surfaces and tundra, on the life of the animals and on the entire Arctic ecosystem. All this has consequences in economic, social and geopolitical terms that go well beyond the borders of this region.
In other parts of the world the environmental challenge is the recovery of damaged ecosystems. In the Arctic there is still the possibility of defending an environment that, for the most part, is truly unique. The current system of governance in the Arctic is very fragmented. Although there are a large number of international agreements on the Arctic.
Measuring cosmic ray showers near the North Pole with the Extreme Energy Events project
Polarquest2018 goes into exploration mode… live on Italian national TV !
www.polarquest2018.org
polarquest2018@gmail.com
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Starts Wednesday: A Year in the Life of a Movie Palace
Cranking Down the Chandelier
Rotunda interior of Detroit's Grand Riviera Theatre. Note the chandelier. Source: Wikipedia
Have you ever looked up at a massive chandelier, hanging above your head and wondered with, perhaps, trepidation, how many tons it weighs? I was doing that yesterday in a church, where the chandeliers aren’t all that big, only 12 “candles.” Still I thought, “Wonder if those chains are strong enough?” Well back in 1976, when I was a theater operator, wow did we have chandeliers! The three stained glass ones in the lobby of the St. George Theatre are good-sized, but at the time seemed to cast hardly any light. How could that be? They seemed completely opaque; I imagined they were made of copper sheeting. After the light bulb salesman paid us a call, with his wonderful plug-in traveling case full of incandescents of all shapes and sizes, we looked again at the three dark shapes hanging from the lobby ceiling and wondered if bulbing them would accomplish anything.
Enterprising folks that we were, one of us figured out how to lower each chandelier, from a set of cranks he found in the wall. I wasn’t there to watch them descend, one at a time, from their positions near the ceiling, but I did marvel, after the night he spent with a bucket full of water, soap and ammonia. By daybreak he’d taken out, washed and replaced every one of a number of stained-glass sheets that made up the body of each chandelier, and voila! They shone like three suspended suns! Why had I thought the chandeliers were made of some kind of metal? All those years of cigarette smoke wafting to the ceiling gave a pretty chilling demo of what happens to the lungs of a serious smoker.
We hadn’t worried too much about grinding the lobby chandeliers down on their then fifty-year-old cranks; how much could they weigh — a couple of hundred pounds? But the main chandelier, suspended like an alien spacecraft over the orchestra, was of another order. It too had a (very large) crank, in, I believe, the catwalk of the dome. How much did the gigantic fixture weigh? A tall basketball player using his body to measure its diameter would certainly have come up short, so in all probability it weighs (yes, it’s still up there) at least a ton, but probably more. No cranking that one down. Not only could somebody really get hurt, but its crash could destroy the orchestra and put us immediately out of business. As it turned out, we’d be out of business in a year anyhow, but at least without broken glass (only broken hearts). So whatever old bulbs were still lit in the main chandelier stayed that way, for our brief time as operators.
Why am I thinking about chandeliers?
Wandering around the ‘net the other day, I found this:
COLUMBUS, OHIO — The Ohio Theatre's chandelier is beautiful, and to keep it that way it has to be kept clean. That cleaning happens about every 18 months, and the Ohio Theatre brings the famous 21-foot high chandelier down to be cleaned. The chandelier weighs two and a half tons, uses 339 light bulbs, and is 11 feet wide.
That last sentence really got my attention. Two and a half tons!!! The Ohio Theatre, which, like almost every saved movie palace, has its own perilous history of near-demolition, has figured out how to safely crank down the big baby. It takes a crew of 7 the better part of a day, hand-cranking it from inside the dome. Two people work the cranks at a time, with plenty of back-up, and, not surprisingly, getting it back up to the ceiling is harder work and takes longer. I notice from the video in the link above that the giant fixture twirls rather merrily as it descends; that movement would have terrified me, if I’d been part of the crew. There is something to be said for doing this exercise at regular intervals, just to keep the crank in good working order.
The Ohio has its own near-tragedy story, and I won’t hold back. This 2,779-seat Thomas Lamb Spanish Baroque hall had a normal movie palace childhood, beginning on opening night March 17, 1928 with Greta Garbo in Divine Woman, a stage show, and six acts of Vaudeville. Live acts, predictably, didn’t last, but, through the middle of the twentieth century, Loew’s saw to it that the Ohio never wanted for prime movie product, along with the occasional live appearance, such as a young Judy Garland, and organ recitals featuring the Robert Morton organ. The Ohio drifted contentedly into movie palace middle age, its audience slowly disappearing to the suburbs. I could tell you this story and then plug in the names of dozens of palaces, done in by a combination of suburban sprawl and television. Loew’s sold out in 1969, to the 55 East State Company, who planned an office tower. Enter The Temporary Committee for Continued Use of the Ohio Theater, wisely shepherded by the American Theater Organ Society, who finagled a demolition delay from the developers and held off Loew’s, intent on stripping the place. At this point, three entities intervened to keep the theater standing:
On March 28, 1969, the Columbus Symphony Orchestra gave a free concert at the Ohio, demonstrating its fine acoustics. The Temporary Committee however failed by a long shot to raise the thirty thousand dollars it needed to keep the theater open.
The wife of the symphony’s conductor called a prominent local citizen, one John W. Galbreath, who was able to get a stay of execution, long enough to begin organizing the entity that would eventually become the theater’s owner, Columbus Association of Performing Arts(CAPA).
But the true savior of the Ohio turns out to have been anonymous, a woman said to be “of modest means,” who apparently gave her life’s savings to pay only half the option to secure the Ohio for a period of time. The tale goes that without her donation, CAPA could not have been formed quickly enough, and the theater would have been demolished.
So what saved the Ohio Theater, whose marvelous chandelier is cranked down every two years without fail, was, to begin with, its organ. Then there was the American Theatre Organ Society, acting behind the temporary committee, who got salvation started. The theater’s own remarkable acoustics and the Columbus Symphony also deserve applause, as do the conductor and his wife. Beyond that, “anonymous” ought to be given a standing ovation. Whoever she was, I hope she lived to go to plenty of concerts, and sits even now looking up at the gleaming chandelier!
Afterthoughts:
1. I found the details of the Ohio’s salvation in a comments column appended to the Ohio Theatre’s Cinema Treasures entry. Keith was quoting The Ohio Theatre by Clive David, published in 1978. A brief search turned up no book by that title, but thanks anyhow to Keith and Cinema Treasures.
2. The current management of the St. George Theatre apparently re-bulbs our main chandelier, and sees to its upkeep on a regular basis. We were mere renters, but they own the building and the right to the risk. I’m only sorry I missed watching the great extraterrestrial object descend the first time, after all those decades.
3.The Ohio has a Robert Morton Organ, same company whose organs grace the five Loew’s “Wonder’ theaters in New York City I wrote about last week.
4. For the story of a chandelier that started in Omaha, disappeared for a while and reappeared recently in Springfield, Missouri at the Gillioz Theatre.
Victoria Hallerman is a poet and writer, the author of the upcoming memoir, Starts Wednesday: A Day in the Life of a Movie Palace, based on her experience as a movie palace manager of the St. George Theatre, Staten Island, 1976. As she prepares her book manuscript for publication, she shares early aspects of theater management, including the pleasures and pain of entrepreneurship. This blog is for anyone who enjoys old movie theaters, especially for those who love the palaces as they once were. And a salute to those passionate activists who continue to save and revive the old houses, including the St. George Theatre itself. This blog is updated every Wednesday, the day film always arrived to start the movie theater week.
LHAT
Restored Theaters
• St. George Theatre
• LHAT
• NYC Go
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ThingOne's first cinema trip
Today I took ThingOne into town on the bus for a special treat. Her first trip to the cinema. I'd been thinking she was old enough now, but had been waiting for the right film. I didn't want it to be too fast or confusing for her. I didn't want it to go over her head. If anything I wanted the film to be secondary to the experience of going to the cinema.
When I saw earlier in the week that The Little Polar Bear - The Mysterious Island (aka The Little Polar Bear 2) was being show as the Kids Club film in our local arts cinema on Saturday morning I thought it was ideal. I'd never heard of it. It's a German cartoon apparently (dubbed into English, which is good since ThingOne doesn't really do subtitles). Reviews warned that there wasn't much in it for older children but might keep toddlers interested.
The kids' session in the cinema is good. Cheap, especially as the kid's ticket costs and an adult goes free. I'd decided to splash out on some popcorn to really show her the cinema experience, and it wasn't until I paid that I found they had a special on popcorn for the kids' films. It ended up costing me less than a fiver for both of us plus a small popcorn.
She loved the popcorn. Except I told her at one point that a piece I had looked like a dinosaur, and then found I'd created a game whereby we had to tell each other what each piece looked like. ThingOne seemed to have limitless imagination ("This one looks like a bird, sitting down", "This one looks like a sea monster's head and shoulders"). I soon found myself clutching at straws ("This one looks like a cloud", "This one looks like a cat's back leg").
Soon the lights went down, ThingOne got excited, she tried to read the Federation Against Copyright Theft wording ("You! It says You!") and then the movie began.
She's seen full films on DVD, so I knew she could sit through 75 minutes (that's usually how long kid's movies last). We tend to show her them in three 25 minute sittings though. Once she's seen a film a few times through she has occasionally sat through the whole thing but she's used to seeing films as three part storys, what she calls the beginning, middle and end. In a way she's now well versed in the three act structure. She's never watch a film she's not seen before all the way through though, so I was concerned it may prove too much.
It was a pretty simple story, so probably ideal for her. She wanted very much to break it up into three acts ("Is this bit the beginning, the middle or the end?") and we talked a fair bit through it. Partly this was me explaining what was happening to her and what the names of all the characters were. This was fair enough as there were a lot of characters, and the script wasn't the best. The dubbing was even worse at times and the use of regional accents to differentiate species was not useful. It was as well it was a kids' screening, since I wouldn't want to be sat near us in a normal screening (say, for example, if Anne and I had gone to an evening showing of The Little Polar Bear 2). By an hour and five minutes in she was asking if it was near the end, so I'm glad I didn't start her on a longer movie (say, The Godfather, Part II).
ThingOne seemed mesmerised by the whole thing, and seemed to want to get the film on DVD so we could watch it over and over again. That ain't going to happen. As someone who has mixed feelings about Disney movies and their merits I can at least now appreciate their strong points and especially their songs more. The song in TLPB2 was pretty dire. But again, I should stress that ThingOne had a great time with it so I think it was a good choice.
I ignored the Federation Against Copyright Theft's warning, and took a photo of her enjoying her popcorn.
After the movie we stayed to the end of the credits, not because ThingOne has sufficient respect for the creative process as much as she wanted to hear the substandard song again. Plus she was interested in who would turn the screen off after the credits had rolled. She seemed to think a staff member would have to go down the front to press the switch. The fool! Then we went to Wagamamas for some lunch, and then the bus back home.
She seemed so grown up to me today, especially as I watched her slurp her noodles and try to use kiddie chopsticks in Wagamamas (mostly she just used her fingers). Anne and I are really trying to make the most of these early years with her, since in just over a year she'll be in school, and we know how quickly a year seems to go with kids. I don't know for sure what she got out of the cinema experience, but she's talked about it a lot since and I had a really good time. I'd been excited about taking her and have been waiting for the opportunity (whilst accepting that she's still a little young for it). Maybe today was more for me than for her.
Stop it, you're making me blurb
A daddy by any other name
Sick and Wii
Get some air
Something for the weekend?
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President Poll
D J Trump
Trump Poll Details
Trump Poll History
B H Obama
Obama Poll Details
Obama Poll History
G W Bush Details
Bush Poll Details
Bush Poll History
Days: 3400 to 3201
Original Toons
2010 Originals
Jokes of the day
Monday, Feb 18, 2013
Late Night From 02/05
People are still trying to figure out why the power went out Sunday at the Super Bowl. Today they found out the reason. Turns out China cut off the electricity for nonpayment of our bill.
CBS is now facing a possible fine because Ravens quarterback Joe Flacco was overheard dropping the F-bomb on the air. CBS is arguing they could not have foreseen this happening — you know, someone on the Ravens breaking the law who isn't Ray Lewis.
In Great Britain the bones of King Richard III, who was killed in 1485, have been discovered under a parking lot. And you know how he died? Fighting over a parking space.
According to a new traffic study, it takes longer to get to work in Washington, D.C., than any other city in the country. On the other hand, they don't do any work once they get there, so it’s pretty much a wash.
What a kooky Super Bowl it was. Strange stories keep coming out. During the Ravens' celebration, it was revealed the Super Bowl trophy went missing. Coach John Harbaugh called his mother and said, "Make Jim give it back. Make him give it back now!"
After the game, Super Bowl quarterback Joe Flacco announced his wife's pregnant. In response, Dan Marino said, "I can explain."
A Justice Department memo claims that President Obama has the right to order the assassination of an American anywhere in the world. Isn't that crazy? In a related story, Donald Trump has gone into hiding.
Scientists have found the remains of England's King Richard III under a parking lot. Unfortunately, they couldn't find his ticket. So he'll be charged the day rate.
They had the Super Bowl blackout and now we're learning that they also lost the Super Bowl trophy. The Lombardi Trophy — they give you that giant silver football, and now it's missing. So that explains the blackout. It was a heist!
You don't know you're old until you try to participate in current culture. I'll give you an example. I'm watching the Super Bowl and the lights go out. Out of force of habit in my own home I try to clap them back on.
The power went out for 35 minutes in the Superdome. It was the most highly viewed power outage since Obama's first debate with Romney.
Let's make Super Bowl weekend a three-day holiday. Why not? I think Americans will need Monday off to return the kegs.
Tuesday, Feb 19, 2013
It is a great day for fans of Monopoly — the game that introduced generations of kids to the concept of mortgage debt.
Today Monopoly added a new game piece: the cat. The new piece was chosen after weeks of online voting. Is that a surprise? Whenever there's a vote for something on the Internet, the cat always wins.
To make room for a cat, Monopoly's dropping one of the old game pieces. So the iron is going away. Take it from me. You should never put a cat and an iron together. No matter how wrinkly the cat is.
You know what I never understood? — why they sell Ouija boards in the "board game" section. I don't think that is really a game, is it? Nothing says "family fun" like communicating with the dead.
A major announcement from the makers of Monopoly today. They're retiring their least-popular game piece — the iron. It will not be a part of the game from now on. They have to keep updating these poor games to keep them fresh. Candy Land just changed its name to Fresh Organic Vegetable Land.
Monopoly let people in 120 countries vote through Facebook. The choices for a new game piece were a diamond ring, a little robot, helicopter, guitar, and the winner which was a cat. This goes to show you if you let the Internet decide, it will always choose cats.
I hope this doesn't cause a problem with the little Scottie dog. I can't have animals chasing each other on my board.
Now what do you do with the Monopoly iron? There are still ways to enjoy it. You can use it as a paperweight for Post-it notes.
PETA is criticizing Beyoncé for the leather costume she wore during the Super Bowl halftime show. Or as the ball that got thrown and kicked for three solid hours put it, “Yeah, THAT'S the leather you should be worried about.”
It was just revealed that the Federal Reserve was hacked on Sunday. It’s pretty serious. In fact, they say the hackers could've made off with as much as negative $14 trillion.
After thousands of people voted on Facebook, Monopoly is replacing its iron game piece with a cat. And if that surprises you, remember — these are the people who had enough free time to vote on a new Monopoly game piece.
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un recently got a smart phone. And you can tell it’s a smart phone because today it left North Korea.
Wed., Feb 20, 2013
A new study says that working fewer hours can slow global warming. So you know what that means? President Obama's economic policy is also his climate change policy.
This is kind of disturbing. The Justice Department has concluded that the president can order drone strikes on American citizens. And today, Rush Limbaugh came out in favor of Obamacare.
The U.S. Postal Service announced they are ending Saturday delivery of the mail. Now if you have a problem and you want to complain, you can email them at USPS.com.
Some Democrats in Congress are now trying to change the marijuana laws, making it legal so it can be taxed and increase revenue. Is that what the government's come down to now? We're selling drugs to pay off our debts? When did Uncle Sam become Scarface?
Next year's Super Bowl is already in the news. It takes place in New Jersey. The NFL says it wants to prevent another blackout. This one involves keeping Chris Christie away from his microwave.
Beyonce's publicist is busy trying to get seven unflattering photos of Beyoncé removed from the Internet. The publicist is described by friends as hard working and new to the Internet.
A member of Congress is criticizing Steven Spielberg after he discovered parts of the movie "Lincoln" are historically inaccurate — particularly the scene where Lincoln dies in the mouth of a great white shark.
After the Super Bowl game, the winning team, the Baltimore Ravens, lost the trophy. But that's not the only thing. The 49ers lost the trophy in the first quarter.
You know, something similar happened to golfer Tiger Woods. He lost a trophy wife.
In New York City this week, it's Fashion Week. Remember, during Fashion Week, please, whatever you do, do not feed the supermodels.
In the last two months Fox News has fired Sarah Palin, former governor of Alaska, and Dick Morris, well-known political pundit. Well, great. Two more jobs lost under Obama.
Thur., Feb 21, 2013
A new report by economists lists the world's most expensive cities. It turns out the most expensive city is Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo unveiled their new tourism slogan today. Their slogan is: "Tokyo: We'll leave you brokeo."
I'd love to go to Tokyo. It's not just expensive; it's also one of the most crowded cities in the world. A city full of people with thick wallets? It makes me pine for the days when I was a Dickensian pickpocket.
Paris finished number eight. The people in France were very annoyed today. Then they heard about the list. And then they said, "Just do not raise the price of soft cheese."
Oslo, Norway, is number five on the list. Apparently it is very expensive to buy umlauts. That's what they have in Norway. Umlauts are those dots they put above vowels.
Dr. Phil is with us tonight — and make no mistake, if any of you are pretending to be a football player's imaginary girlfriend, he will find you and you will confess.
This weekend a couple from Connecticut will have the longest marriage ever recorded in the U.S. They got married more than 80 years ago. You see how long a marriage can last if you don't meet on "The Bachelor"?
They got married Nov. 25, 1932. They bonded over their mutual love of music, travel, and not dying of polio.
They said the secret to their long-lasting marriage is love, compromise, and the fact that neither one of them has been able to hear a word the other one has said in more than 30 years.
The Northeast is bracing for a snowstorm this weekend. Some forecasts say it will be only two inches while others predict 30 inches. When asked why they couldn’t make a better prediction, meteorologists were like, "Uh, we're meteorologists."
Actually, they’re saying New York could receive up to 12 inches of snow this weekend. Or as Subway calls it: 11 inches.
Supporters of Hillary Clinton have already started a 2016 super PAC on her behalf called “Ready for Hillary.” And more cautious Democratic supporters have started another super PAC called "Bracing for Biden.”
Last night runners from around the world competed in the annual race to the top of the Empire State Building. But there's already a scandal brewing. It turns out one of the competitors tested positive for elevator.
Friday, Feb 22, 2013
More bad news for A-Rod. It looks like there is more evidence linking Alex Rodriguez to a Miami doctor who prescribed performance-enhancing drugs. Here's how bad it is for A-Rod. He is now favored to win this year's Tour de France.
Several states are now looking into the possibility of taxing marijuana as a source of revenue. That is so typical of the government, isn't it? Trying to squeeze blood from a stoner.
Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said he wants to become the first Iranian to go into outer space. He wants to study the effects of anti-gravity on anti-Semitism.
Monopoly is getting a big makeover. They want to make the Monopoly game more modern and bring it up to date to reflect our current culture. Like, in the new version of Monopoly, the banker never goes to jail.
This is crazy. The justice department is saying that President Obama can order drone strikes on American citizens, that he can do that. In a related story, this is the last Obama joke I'm ever doing on this show.
When asked about gay marriage, Donald Trump said, "It's not my thing." Trump went on to say marriage is a sacred bond between a man and a woman he will replace in six years.
Home Depot plans to hire 80,000 new employees. The CEO said, "If your skills are avoiding customers and hiding in the break room, give us a call."
It's Fashion Week in New York City. And by the way, if you're keeping track, this is Fashion Week XLVII.
The police in New York City used to have the "stop and frisk" law for Fashion Week. They replaced that with "stop and pose."
The Republican Party has its own line of clothing. The problem is it keeps coming apart at the seams.
Mayor Bloomberg is on a campaign to make New York City a better place to live. Guess what he's done now? He's outlawing Styrofoam cups. He wants New York City to have the nation's toughest cup control laws.
Saturday, Feb 23, 2013
According to a leaked report from an upcoming U.N. study on climate change, solar activity may play a greater role in global warming than previously thought. The sun may be involved in global warming. It's always the last place you'd think, isn’t it?
Time magazine is reporting that since Al Gore sold his TV network to Al Jazeera, he is now worth more money than Mitt Romney. Can you believe that? They're still publishing Time magazine.
Geologists say in a hundred million years, Asia and America will smash into each other and become one big super-continent. How ironic is that? Just about the time when we have our loan to China paid off, we ARE China.
Someone recently threw a shoe at Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. They say throwing a shoe is the supreme mark of disrespect in the Arab world. I would have to go with beheading. I would rather have a shoe hit my head than have my head hit my shoes.
Happy Chinese New Year. It's the Year of the Snake. Here's how dumb I am. All day long on my checks I've been writing "Year of the Dragon."
I love the Grammy Awards. It's a chance for me to feel really out of touch and really old.
Hillary Clinton is finished as secretary of state. They had a going away party for Hillary. She had a couple of drinks and admitted she doesn't know the difference between Paraguay and Uruguay.
It's a big weekend over in Asia. Sunday night is Chinese New Year. So let me be first to say, "Gung hay fat choy." That means "Best wishes for a prosperous new year." Either that or I just threatened to invade Taiwan.
Astrology is derived from the root word "astrologia" — a Latin word that means "crap."
I don't put much stock in astrology. It's all made up. But then, I'm a Taurus so I would think that.
Astrology is very different from "astronomy." Astronomers spend years in school and know a lot of facts and stuff about science. Astrologers just spout mystical mumbo jumbo that sounds good but isn't true. It's like the difference between Dr. Oz and Dr. Phil.
This big winter storm could dump three feet of snow on the East Coast and knock out power to 24 million people. This storm is really a big deal. In fact, the Weather Channel is expecting totals of 12 to 20 viewers.
It was just announced that a third "Night at the Museum" movie is coming out. You can tell they're running out of ideas because it's called, “Night at the Museum 3: Maybe Go to the Museum During the Day?”
A man in Florida was arrested for drunk driving on a motorized shopping cart at a Walmart. He led cops on a chase that reached 90 aisles per hour.
Sunday, Feb 24, 2013
The big news today is from the Vatican. The Pope is resigning. He's hanging up his giant hat.
The Pope will be replaced, of course. When one Pope goes, another one popes up in his place.
CBS announced today the Pope will be replaced by Ashton Kutcher.
Actually, when the voting's done, the cardinals burn their ballots. People wait outside the Sistine Chapel to see what color the smoke is. If it's white smoke, they've agreed on a Pope. If it's black smoke, no decision's been made. If it's green smoke, Willie Nelson has somehow gotten into the Sistine Chapel.
Did you watch the Grammys last night? The Grammy Awards celebrate the albums and songs we download illegally.
The Pope announced he is resigning. He doesn't feel he is strong enough to continue with his papal duties. What will he do for work now? He could be the most overqualified Walmart greeter of all time.
The Pope will step down on February 28, which means he gave Jesus two weeks' notice.
Today, Pope Benedict surprised everyone and announced that he is stepping down at the end of the month. Or as God put it, “Well, at least he gave me two weeks’ notice.”
Pope Benedict is resigning. And you know what that means: Hillary in 2013?
Last night was the Grammy Awards, and Gotye won Record of the Year. Parents were like, “Who’s Gotye?” while their kids were like, “What’s a record?”
Tomorrow President Obama gives his annual State of the Union address. If you're not familiar, the State of the Union is where the president faces Congress and asks them to work together and fix America's problems and Congress says, “No.”
The Pope is resigning! I guess he took that Notre Dame loss to Alabama a lot harder than people thought.
The Pope said he was stepping down at age 85 because he could no longer handle the job physically. To which Lance Armstrong said, "I've got some stuff that can help you with that."
The Pope said that at age 85 he cannot physically go on. Meanwhile, Hugh Hefner is going to be 87 and he just married a 26-year-old. So much for that celibate lifestyle!
Reportedly, President Obama's speech will focus on jobs. Hopefully he'll explain to us why anybody in Congress still has one.
Pope Benedict announced he's retiring. This is a pretty dramatic change. It means he will go from wearing a robe all day to wearing a robe all day.
Some self-portraits painted by former President George W. Bush have leaked onto the Internet. Bush said, "If you like these, wait until you see my self-portraits of other people."
The Navy SEAL responsible for killing Osama bin Laden says he's having trouble finding work. My advice: Charge $10 per high five. He will be a billionaire by the weekend.
Anybody here for the annual Westminster Dog Show? It's an important event and quite a competition — and they say that it is usually a pretty good indicator of the Academy Awards.
Pope Benedict is quitting. That's a tall hat to fill.
The Pope had a press conference today. He said he just wants to spend more time with his wife and kids.
The Pope said he just doesn't have the energy to be Pope anymore. He tried the deer antler spray and it didn't work.
Tonight is Mardi Gras. I'll lose control and do things I'll regret tomorrow, trading my dignity for a few small trinkets. Then when I'm done doing this show, I'll go and celebrate Mardi Gras.
Mardi Gras is only the fourth-biggest drinking holiday of the year. The top three are St. Patrick's Day, Cinco de Mayo, and Tuesdays at Mel Gibson's.
Years ago Mardi Gras started as a Catholic celebration before Lent. So now we know why Pope Benedict quit. He just wanted to get in one last party.
Mardi Gras is French for "Fat Tuesday." Unfortunately, we're all so politically correct now, Fat Tuesday is now officially known as "Big-Boned Day After Monday."
President Obama made his fifth State of the Union address tonight. Traditionally, following the State of the Union address, the opposition party rebuts what the president said. They don't know what the president is going to say, but they know they won't like it.
Following the State of the Union speech, Republicans gave their rebuttal. But yesterday Democrats held a press conference to deliver a pre-rebuttal to the Republicans' rebuttal. Democrats decided to pre-emptively rebut their rebuttal.
So Democrats gave a speech, responding to a speech no one had ever heard, which itself was in response to a speech no one had ever heard — which I think is the plot to "Inception," isn't it?
Sports Illustrated's swimsuit edition came out today. This is the 50th anniversary of the swimsuit edition. The first one was published in 1964. And after 50 years, they still are yet to sell a single swimsuit.
With the Pope retiring, more than 100 cardinals will sequester themselves in the Sistine Chapel to choose the next Pope. They’ll send out white smoke if they've chosen somebody, black smoke if they haven't chosen somebody, and a text message when they find out that it's 2013.
Do you know why the White House scheduled the State of the Union address for Lincoln's birthday instead of Washington's birthday? Well, it's because Washington was famous for saying, "I cannot tell a lie."
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi said on Fox News Sunday that it's a false argument to say that we have a spending problem. You know something? I think she may be right. I think what we actually have is a "You don't have a clue" problem.
Tomorrow is the first day of Lent, when Catholics begin fasting for 40 days. Some Catholics will give up chocolate, some Catholics will give up alcohol, and one Catholic is giving up “being Pope.”
Earlier tonight President Obama gave his State of the Union address. At every State of the Union address the president is introduced by some guy who walks in and says, “Mr. Speaker, the president of the United States!" If we're really serious about reducing the size of government, start with that guy. What does he work, one day a year?
This is a real break with tradition. When the president walked into the chamber, instead of "Hail to the Chief," they played “Hey, Big Spender.”
The Pope is resigning. I just hope it’s not steroids.
Pope Benedict says he is resigning because of physical problems. Apparently it’s an old football injury from throwing all those Hail Marys.
The Vatican was struck by lightning after the Pope announced he was retiring. That really happened. Sounds like someone's not handling the breakup well.
President Obama gave his State of the Union address tonight. The rebuttal will be given by Marco Rubio. Or as he's known in the Republican Party, "our black guy."
Lean Cuisine has recalled some of their frozen dinners because they may contain shards of glass. It's too bad because people were really losing weight with those.
The Atlanta Braves baseball team has decided to stop using their screaming Indian logo because they say it's offensive. Unfortunately, the logo they've replaced it with is an Asian kid getting into Harvard.
Anybody in town for the Westminster Kennel Club's dog show? All of the dogs competing in the competition stay at the same motel. Have you been there? Oh, what a flea bag!
The winner of the dog show gets a beautiful blue ribbon and a toilet full of champagne.
How many of you watched the State of the Union address just for the commercials?
I have to hand it to President Obama. He is full of confidence, really kind of cocky and full of himself. At the end of his State of the Union address he showed America his Kenyan birth certificate.
Last night while the president was speaking, the Westminster Dog Show wrapped up. The dog show and the State of the Union address are very different, of course. One's a lot of yapping and prancing and sniffing. And the other is the dog show.
If you're a dog, winning at Westminster is like an actor winning an Oscar, a tennis player winning at Wimbledon, or an NBA player winning a Kardashian. It's a big deal!
Last night's Best in Show was a little affenpinscher. It's a German dog. The affenpinscher's name is Banana Joe. Banana Joe's being treated like royalty today in New York. This afternoon, he went to a steakhouse. Then he gets to spend the rest of the week serving as Donald Trump's toupee.
The dog is going to be in a Broadway play. I'm not sure which one. Maybe "Fiddler on the Rrrufff."
President Obama made the annual State of the Union address last night. Then Florida Senator Marco Rubio rebutted for the GOP. He said you can't have a middle class without the rich. He's right. Just like you need "Biggie" fries to have regular-sized fries.
While Rubio covered a lot in his State of the Union rebuttal, everyone seems to be focused on him grabbing his water bottle. That's what you get when you eat a whole bag of pretzels before a speech.
How about the way Rubio never takes his eyes off the camera when he's reaching for the water. It's like, "Drop the gun on the floor. Put down the gun."
But what a night for Poland Spring water. You cannot buy that kind of product placement. At least I hope you can't buy it, but in Washington, who knows?
The trend this year is couples saying they don’t need to get each other anything for Valentine’s Day, because they love each other EVERY day. I think that’s sweet, but to all the guys out there watching, I just want to say it’s a trap!
Before the State of the Union address last night, President Obama did an exploding fist bump with Republican Senator Mark Kirk. Which really goes to show you — it doesn't matter if they're black or white, Republican or Democrat, politicians are really awkward.
President Obama also gave House Speaker John Boehner a thumbs-up before the start of his State of the Union address. Or as Boehner put it, "Beats the finger I usually get!"
A college student in Pennsylvania is suing her school for the C+ she got in a class. She said, “I'm suing whoever's responsible for this!” And her professor said, “Don't you mean WHOMEVER?”
Friday, Mar 01, 2013
President Obama wants Congress to increase the minimum wage. Believe me, when it comes to doing the minimum for their wage, Congress knows what it’s talking about.
The most impressive thing about President Obama's State of the Union speech last night was that he did the whole thing without a single drink of water.
Be honest. How many of you never heard of Marco Rubio until last night? How many thought Marco Rubio was a game you played in a pool with the kids?
As you know, the Pope is resigning. He said he feels there's just no room for advancement. It's a dead-end job.
This Valentine's Day, White Castle restaurants are going to offer a discount to couples who dine there. Yeah, because there's no better way to tell a woman you love her than to pay even less at a White Castle.
The Vatican said that as soon as the Pope resigns, he will no longer be infallible. The Vatican said it's the same thing that happened to Oprah.
The Republican response to President Obama's State of the Union address was given by Senator Marco Rubio. It's just one more example of rich white guys getting a Hispanic to do a job they don't want to do.
Experts are predicting that the success of Amazon is going to lead to the closure of many RadioShacks. When reached for comment, the CEO of RadioShack said, "Wait, there are still RadioShacks?"
Welcome to "The Late Show," ladies and gentlemen. It's the best place to be if you're giving up entertainment for Lent.
Big news coming out of the Vatican. Pope Benedict resigned. And they're busy looking for replacements. The smart money is on Tim Tebow.
Did you see the State of the Union address last night? President Obama spoke for an hour. One disappointment: not one mention about the zombie attack in Montana.
A couple of days ago, an emergency broadcast in Montana announced that zombies, the living dead, had risen from the grave and were attacking the living. The police department received four phone calls. They received more phone calls when Hostess Cupcakes went out of business.
Saturday, Mar 02, 2013
Someone hacked into Donald Trump's Twitter account. It's filled with offensive nonsense and stupid jokes. Then it got hacked.
The U.S. Postal Service is launching a fashion line. Some people think it is a bad idea. But I think if the post office gets behind something, it'll eventually turn out to be a good idea. Just look at sponsoring Lance Armstrong.
This postal service clothing line gets my stamp of approval.
Kim Kardashian said her boyfriend Kanye West has taught her a lot about privacy. She said that to a writer who was printing it in a magazine.
The Oscars are airing live this Sunday. The ceremony takes place right across the street from us. I know this sounds like a cliché, but it is an honor just to be located across the street from them.
There's an interesting contest going on in the best actress category. Both the youngest and oldest actresses are competing. The one is only 9, which makes your kid's performance as tree number two in the school play seem a little less impressive, right?
It was just announced that President Obama will speak at Ohio State’s graduation in May. The president has a lot in common with those students. He’s currently in his fifth year and swamped with debt.
Officials in Pakistan are complaining that the movie “Zero Dark Thirty” contains a lot of errors. They were like, “The movie makes Pakistan out to be a hellish wasteland of corruption and intolerance — but in real life, it’s WAY worse than that.”
After the success of his book, “Killing Lincoln,” Bill O’Reilly is coming out with a new book called “Killing Jesus.” He's going to be disappointed when he finds out there's already a book about that.
Researchers have discovered that a chemical in the brain causes women to talk more than men. It’s called “Chardonnay.”
Sunday, Mar 03, 2013
Lent officially began yesterday. Do you know what the Lakers are giving up for Lent? The playoffs.
For those of you who are not Catholic, the idea of Lent is you're supposed to give up something so you can experience suffering. Or you could just go on a Carnival Cruise.
My heart goes out to those poor passengers stuck on that floating bedpan in the Gulf of Mexico. For four days, 4,000 people stuck on a ship with foul odors, the toilets aren't working, and there's long lines for food. And here's the worst part. The karaoke machine is still working.
Donald Trump called the Beyoncé Super Bowl halftime show "inappropriate" and "a national scandal." Apparently, it lacked the quiet dignity of Gary Busey and Meat Loaf screaming at each other on "The Apprentice."
I want to say if any of you are alone today, it could be worse. You could be on a cruise ship right now — the most miserable cruise in the history of the world.
According to a new poll, a majority of women want their man to propose on Valentine's Day. And the same poll revealed men would rather propose on April Fool's Day.
It's day five of that Carnival Cruise trip. You know you're on a bad cruise if you wake up on day two, you look out your little porthole, and you see the captain and the crew in a lifeboat.
There's a giant asteroid hurdling toward earth and it's 150 miles wide. The nation of Iran has solved the problem. They have launched a monkey into space where it will reflect the asteroid with a coconut.
Happy birthday to Mayor Mike Bloomberg, who is 71 years old today. They had a lovely party down at city hall. They have a big cake, and to blow out the candles the mayor stands up on a big stack of his money.
Monday, Mar 04, 2013
Yesterday President Obama played golf in Florida with Tiger Woods. Well, you thought Michelle got mad when Barack ate a cheeseburger. She told him, “No hanging out with Tiger afterwards. You come right home.”
A top geneticist at Stanford says human intelligence is declining. You know what that means? We are seeing Congress at its smartest and most effective right now.
We're learning more about the Pope's condition. The Vatican announced that Pope Benedict hit his head during his March 2012 trip to Mexico. In fact, right after that, the Pope said he's sworn off spring break forever.
The big question: Who's going to replace the Pope? Where's the new Pope going to come from? I think they should check out Whole Foods. I've seen plenty of holier-than-thou people walking around that place.
Yoko Ono turns 80 years old today. People sometimes say or suggest that Yoko broke up the Beatles. Now that she's 80 the only thing she's breaking up is bingo games.
Sad news from the Vatican. As you know, Pope Benedict was fired a couple of weeks ago. They caught him stealing communion wafers.
The Pope is going into retirement. He will be retiring to his sprawling ranch, the Pope-arosa.
The Yankees are in spring training and you kind of feel it — the crack of the bat, the roar of the crowd, the smell of the deer antler spray.
Happy Presidents Day. Today we celebrate an American tradition — immigrants working on your day off.
Most stores are open on Presidents Day. What better way to celebrate our presidents than by offering a sale on tires? Yes, four score and 20 years ago, our forefathers got two-for-one on steel-belted radials.
You can tell how important a president was based on his monument. Lincoln was important because his monument shows him sitting in a chair looking serious. And George Washington got an even better one — a monument shaped like a giant middle finger pointed at England.
People sometimes forget that George Washington was very rich, had a pony tail, and grew hemp on his farm. He was America's original Willie Nelson.
The White House’s immigration plan was leaked over the weekend, and Florida Senator Marco Rubio is already calling it “dead on arrival.” That incidentally is also Florida's state motto.
Yesterday, NBA legend Michael Jordan turned 50 years old. Scottie Pippen actually helped him blow out his candles, but nobody seemed to notice.
A new study found that humans are slowly getting less intelligent. I was going to read the whole study, but I’ll just wait for the movie.
A judge in California announced that Kim Kardashian’s divorce trial from Kris Humphries will begin on May 6. The pre-show on E! will begin on March 1.
Tuesday, Mar 05, 2013
I have a special treat for the audience here tonight. Save your ticket stubs, all right? Somebody's going on a Carnival Cruise!
The Pope, a couple of weeks ago, was fired. One day you're the leader of the Catholic Church, and the next day you're at Denny's blowing on your soup.
Here's one of the odd things about being Pope. You're the Pope and you're in your office and sitting at your desk, and on your desk is a photo of your boss's son.
Pope Benedict is deaf in one ear. He's deaf in one ear and also a little bit blind, but boy, he sure could play a mean pinball.
It's a great day for a bunch of thieves in Belgium. They got away with more than $50 million worth of pure, uncut diamonds. This diamond heist is the biggest robbery ever pulled off at an airport if you don't count them charging $25 to check a bag.
The thieves got away in a minivan. Police are blaming the Serbian crime syndicate. In a minivan? I think it's diabolical soccer moms.
When I hear about a crime like this, part of me thinks it's kind of cool. But it's not right. Stealing is never cool. They took something without it being funny. This wasn't "Ocean's 11." These guys just came up and took someone's hard-earned money without being at all funny or cool. So it's more like "Ocean's 12."
In a new interview, Bill Gates said he’s not satisfied with the level of innovation at Microsoft. He would’ve said more, but he had to hang up the phone so his assistant could use the Internet.
Today North Korea announced that its tourism has steadily increased over the last 10 years. You can tell they're trying to boost tourism with their new slogan, “North Korea: You'll Never Want to Leave, Because We Won't Let You.”
Reader's Digest has filed for bankruptcy, just one week after the Pope resigned. Man, my grandmother hasn't been this depressed since Michael Bublé got married.
Lawmakers in Montana are considering a bill that would make it legal for people to take road kill home and use it as food. When Montana residents heard that, they were like, “Wait, that was illegal?”
Wed., Mar 06, 2013
You knew this was going to happen. Dozens and dozens of lawsuits have already been filed against Carnival Cruise Lines. Well, if you thought the ship was filthy, slimy, and disgusting, wait until these lawyers get involved.
Over the weekend, President Obama played golf with Tiger Woods. Tiger said the president was a very good golfer for a guy who plays only five days a week.
Actually, you know what the president's handicap is? He doesn't understand economics.
Actually, Tiger Woods gave the president some very valuable tips. The most valuable one? Erase all of your text messages.
The Italian press is reporting that the next Pope could be the cardinal from Boston. If he gets the job, he'll be the first Pope to make you kiss his 2007 World Series ring.
A top food manufacturer is reporting that some of their pasta meals contain horse meat. So if I were you, I'd stay away from the "Rigatoni, My Little Pony."
In Massachusetts, a dad promised his daughter $200 if she would get off Facebook, which is ridiculous, because every parent knows the best way to get a kid off of Facebook is to join Facebook.
Yesterday Burger King's official Twitter account got hacked. When asked for comment, people who follow Burger King on twitter were too embarrassed to identify themselves.
Thur., Mar 07, 2013
It's a great day for the city of Los Angeles. We've become the first city to synchronize all of our traffic lights. This will make it easier to get downtown and watch the Lakers lose.
Today the Bulgarian prime minister, Boyko Borisov, stepped down. He's stepping down like the Pope, but with a funnier name and a smaller hat.
I'm not sure who'll replace Boyko Borisov. My money's on Ashton Kutcher.
Robert Plant told Australia's version of "60 Minutes" that he'd be willing to reform Led Zeppelin. When I heard this, I said, "What? Australia has a "60 Minutes?"
A woman in New York has been arrested for hiring strippers to perform at her son's 16th birthday party. Even Dina and Michael Lohan were like, "That's a really bad parenting choice."
Florida Atlantic University announced a new corporate sponsor for their football stadium. It happens to be America's second largest operator of for-profit prisons. I guess they figured a lot of the athletes end up in prison anyway.
The school, Florida Atlantic University, says very little will change. The only change they're making is that hot dogs will now go for two packs of cigarettes.
In November, Colorado voted to legalize the recreational use of marijuana. Currently, only Colorado residents can purchase marijuana in the state. But they may open it up to nonresidents too. The new state slogan is "Come for the legal marijuana, stay because you forgot to leave."
I guess to appeal to a younger audience, this year's Academy Awards are just being referred to as the Oscars. And to appeal to an even younger audience, they're spelling Oscar with a "z" — and backwards in crayon.
There's talk that the White House may fine China for its recent cyber attacks on American companies. The fine could total in the millions of dollars, which is great because we could really use that money to pay back China.
In an effort to reduce its debt, the U.S. Postal Service is launching its own line of clothing and accessories. They come in one size, embarrasses all.
Former Senator Pete Domenici of New Mexico revealed that while in office he fathered a child with the daughter of another senator, who was a friend of his. He cheated on his wife with the daughter of another senator and they had a baby. When did the Senate become "The Jerry Springer Show"?
Domenici is defending himself by saying that he is no better or worse than the next guy. And he’s right, because you know who the next guy was? John Edwards.
The former San Diego mayor, Maureen O'Connor, told federal prosecutors she went broke after gambling away more than a billion dollars she inherited from her late husband at casinos playing video poker. But to be fair, at one point, she was up 300 bucks.
Former Chicago Congressman Jesse Jackson, Jr. pled guilty to misusing hundreds of thousands of dollars of campaign funds for personal use, including buying a $43,000 Rolex watch. How ironic is that? All that money on a watch, and now he's going to wind up doing time.
I've got the latest Oscar buzz. Many Pakistanis are saying that "Zero Dark Thirty" contains factual errors. Then someone explained to the Pakistanis that being directed by a woman does not qualify as a factual error.
It's been reported that after the Pope retires he'll receive a relatively small pension. So don't be surprised to see an elderly German on the sidewalk with a sign that reads "Will Pope for food."
It's being reported that the next Pope could be a cardinal from Boston. That means the Vatican may soon endorse birth control but only for Yankee fans.
It's still winter here in New York City. It's 28 and bitter, like Lindsay Lohan.
They're going to miss Pope Benedict. He's very underrated. This is the guy who wanted to replace Communion wafers with unlimited bread sticks.
They're looking for a new Pope. Each candidate will get a week's tryout with Kelly Ripa.
A woman called 911 because she ran out of cigarettes. You don't see me calling 911 because I run out of jokes, do you? Not anymore, anyway.
The biggest gifts on Valentine's Day are flowers and chocolate. Because what says true love better than murdering a plant and then making someone fat?
For me, the best Valentine's Day gifts don't cost anything because they come straight from the heart. That's why I composed a special Valentine's Day poem for you, my audience. "Roses are red, love's but a fable. I'm really sorry you can't afford cable."
Valentine's Day is celebrated a little differently here in L.A. Nobody eats chocolate because of the calories, so people give each other tofu-shaped boxes filled with bean curd. Then they fantasize about what their Pilates instructor would be like if he was straight.
I hear from a lot of women who swear they don't care about Valentine's Day. In my experience, you can tell how much someone cares about Valentine's Day by how much they tell you they don't care about Valentine's Day.
A survey by the national retail foundation said that some people even give their fish Valentine's Day gifts. A good way to tell that you've lost your mind is if you give your fish a Valentine's Day gift.
The song "Gangnam Style" has been named best song for kids to listen to while brushing their teeth. However, it is the worst song to listen to during everything else.
Personally, I think most parents would rather have all their kids' teeth fall out than hear that song one more time.
Today was Valentine's Day. And if you just found that out, that's why you're in trouble.
Taylor Swift's ex-boyfriend Connor Kennedy was arrested yesterday for handcuffing himself to the White House gate to bring attention to climate change. He's bummed about the arrest, but he's glad to attach himself to something that won't write a song about him.
Scientists have discovered a species of fish that surrounds itself with uglier fish in order to look more attractive. However, scientists could not identify which sorority it belongs to.
A man in Georgia was arrested for stealing a Krispy Kreme doughnut truck and leading police on a high-speed chase. The police charged him with one count of grand theft irony.
Scientists at the University of Maryland say they have found a chemical that causes women to talk more than men. It's called red wine.
According to the new study, women talk almost three times as much as men. Well, you know why? Because they know men aren't listening the first two times.
Officials in Oklahoma now say it is possible that a 65-year-old man recently died of spontaneous combustion. This is not an isolated case. I think the last guy we saw go down in flames was Congressman Jesse Jackson, Jr.
The price of gasoline went up again in Los Angeles for the 34th straight day in a row. Gas is so expensive that NBC can’t even afford to drive this network into the ground anymore.
The Oscars are this Sunday. Everyone will be tuning in to the telecast, and "Lincoln" is one of the big favorites. Of course, like Lincoln, most people won't stick around for the whole show.
This year producers have dropped the name Academy Awards. They're just calling it "the Oscars," since that's how people refer to it. And for the same reason, the Tonys are being renamed "the Gay Olympics."
At this year's show, instead of attractive models handing out the Oscars, six college film students have been chosen to hand them out. So now every winning actor will receive a trophy and a crappy screenplay.
Fox news host Bill O'Reilly is writing a new book about the killing of Jesus. It will be the first time Jesus' death is blamed on Obamacare.
Folks are excited about the Academy Awards on Sunday. Ann Hathaway will probably win. She's won so many awards she's being tested for banned substances.
Lindsay Lohan is having an Academy Awards party. Here's how it will go. Any time someone opens an envelope, or any time during the telecast they run a commercial, or any time the audience applauds or sits quietly, Lindsay will do a shot.
Have you seen a movie out there called "Zero Dark Thirty?" It's about the hunt for Osama bin Laden and his wife Mary Todd bin Laden.
Steven Spielberg's "Lincoln" received 12 nominations. I really think "Lincoln" has a shot.
Al-Qaida has issued a list of 22 ways that al-Qaida members can avoid being killed by U.S. drones. Here’s a good one: Don't join al-Qaida.
A huge snowstorm has now hit 18 states. In fact, it is so cold that former Chicago Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr. had his hands in his own pockets.
The price of gas is so high, Lindsay Lohan is now forced to choose between drinking or driving. She can't afford both.
The very first Woolworth's five-and-dime opened on this day in 1879. They went out of business in 1997. You know why? They were nickel and dimed to death.
Excited about the Academy Awards? It will be a lot of people you've never met thanking people you've never heard of.
The Academy Awards is television's answer to JetBlue. You sit there for four hours waiting for it to take off.
The Academy Awards show is four hours long, and they give out awards for editing. That takes a lot of nerve.
Pope Benedict was nominated for an Academy Award. He's going up against "Lincoln" for best big hat.
The Oscars are on Sunday. So is the Daytona 500. It will be a great day for gay NASCAR fans.
The Oscars are a perfect representation of Hollywood Because Hollywood releases hundreds of movies a year, and three are good. The Oscars is 800 minutes long, and three are entertaining.
If you haven't seen "Life of Pi," you really must. And then tell me what it's about.
This is my theory about the Oscar. If you're in an action movie or comedy, you're not worthy. But if you put on Elizabethan trousers and act serious, that's it. You're a great actor.
We have first lady Michelle Obama on the show tonight! I plan to ask her some serious questions, like, "Do you think that I could pull off bangs?"
That’s right, Michelle Obama is here! Everyone at the White House is excited. In fact, I heard they’re even letting Biden stay up to watch.
Michelle Obama is actually here tonight to talk about her fitness initiative “Let’s Move.” Meanwhile, Chris Christie will be on next week to talk about his initiative "Let's Sit."
A 104-year-old woman is complaining that she can’t put her real age on Facebook because the birthdates only go back as far as 1910. Facebook said it will solve the problem by either adding the dates or just waiting it out.
"Life of Pi" took home four Oscars. It's about a young boy trapped at sea on a small boat with a man-eating tiger. Yet with all that, it’s still a better way to travel than a Carnival cruise.
Jennifer Lawrence won for best actress and worst stuntwoman.
There was one glaring omission in the “In memoriam” reel: Lindsay Lohan's career. Didn’t that die last year?
Pizzas in Denmark have been discovered with horse meat. Pizzas with horse meat. How fast does THAT get delivered to your house?
Welcome to the show. I'm Conan O'Brien — or perhaps I'm Daniel Day-Lewis in his greatest role yet.
Last night a toilet flooded the lobby where the Oscars show was being held. The show won an Oscar for best portrayal of a Carnival cruise.
Big winner last night was "Life of Pi," a story of a young man who wakes up in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan, and tiger, which oddly enough, is also the plot of "The Hangover 3."
South Korea's first female president was sworn in. Meanwhile, North Korea said, "We're just going to stick with men named Kim."
Anybody see the Academy Awards last night? The show last night was so long that by the middle of the show the audience was begging Daniel Day-Lewis to free them.
I think one of the reasons that "Lincoln" did not win as best picture is that it's full of inaccuracies. For example, Abraham Lincoln was never married to Mary Tyler Lincoln.
The best picture was called "Argo." It was about a heroic Hollywood producer. Wow, how did something like that ever win?
First lady Michelle Obama won an Academy Award for best bangs.
Last night the biggest stars in the world squeezed into the theater across the street. But it's nice to see our neighborhood getting back to abnormal.
I don't know why the Oscars needs a best actor and actress category. You don't separate best director and best directress.
Daniel Day-Lewis now has one Oscar for each of his names.
Monday night I usually update you on the number of times "amazing" is said on "The Bachelor." Tonight was 22. We also collected every "amazing" that was uttered on or near the Oscars' red carpet. That's 101. There were as many "amazings" as there were Dalmatians. Can someone in the world please send us more adjectives. We need them.
Last night's Academy Awards lasted about three hours and 40 minutes. Even Jennifer Lawrence's dress was like, “That's way too long.”
The entire cast of “Les Miserables” performed a song from the movie, featuring Russell Crowe. Or as the cast of “Zero Dark Thirty” put it, “Now this is torture.”
The company that owns Olive Garden announced that its revenue has dropped 5 percent in the last quarter. Which explains their new promotion: limited bread sticks.
Today they announced the new cast of "Dancing With the Stars." Guess who they got this year? Ingo Rademacher. I can't believe they got him or her.
The show also got Dorothy Hamill and Andy Dick. I know Dorothy Hamill and Andy Dick. One is the prancing ice princess who stole my heart in Montreal and the other one is Dorothy Hamill.
The cast of "Duck Dynasty" is here with us today. Some of our camera guys are so excited, they wore camouflage to work today.
Our originally scheduled music guest, Morrissey, cancelled. He is a staunch animal rights activist. He said he "couldn't morally be on a show where cast members of 'Duck Dynasty' will also be guests." While I respect his stance, there's a very good reason I didn't dump the "Duck Dynasty" guys for Morrissey. It's because they have guns and Morrissey doesn't.
This morning on "Good Morning America," ABC unveiled the new cast of "Dancing With the Stars." It was a who's who of who needs money.
TLC announced that "Here Comes Honey Boo Boo" will soon be on the air in Australia, Latin America, and the Netherlands. Personally, I'm not in favor of exporting our reality shows to other countries. Deporting our reality shows, yes. But exporting, no.
Manti Te’o was apparently one of the slowest linebackers to run the 40-yard dash at the NFL's scouting combine yesterday. You can tell he took it to heart because today he spent three hours on an imaginary Stairmaster.
Kim Kardashian said that she and Kanye West want to get married, but they’re not going to rush it. And also because they have to wait until Kim is actually divorced.
Beyoncé has actually designed her own pair of sneakers. The sneakers are made of stingray, ostrich, cat hair, crocodile, and anaconda skins. So if you want a pair of those sneakers, you'd better order it now while species last.
The online college, the University of Phoenix, could lose its license because of questionable billing policies. Which makes sense when you find out they got their accounting degree from the University of Phoenix.
Researchers in Germany now say that human longevity has improved so rapidly over the past century that 72 is the new 30. That is bad news for parents. You'll never get the kids out of the house now. "Dad, I'm only 50. That's, like, 17."
A storm dumped 17 inches of snow on Amarillo, Texas, yesterday. It was really confusing for people sneaking over the border. They thought they'd gone all the way to Canada.
In a White House briefing, Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano warned that sequestration would affect border security. Her remarks raised eyebrows in Washington and got big laughs in Mexico.
Doesn't sequestration sound like some kind of side effect from a bad medicine?
People still are talking about the Oscars — at least my comedy writers are.
Somebody noticed that none of the Oscar winners thanked God. To add insult to injury, at his last sermon, the same day, the Pope thanked Harvey Weinstein and Meryl Streep.
It's being reported that next season, "Downton Abbey" will feature its first black character. The producers hope this will lead to "Downton Abbey's" first black viewer.
Longevity scientists said that compared to last century, 72 is the new 30. However, they said that Larry King is still very, very old.
The White House officially released portraits of the White House gang. You can all see the portrait of Hillary Clinton. It will be on next month's cover of the "Sports Illustrated" pants suit issue.
The Pope was fired a couple weeks ago. They caught him stealing communion wafers.
The Pope does not earn a nickel. No paycheck, no money coming in, nothing. That must drive his wife crazy.
Earlier tonight ABC announced their new "Dancing With the Stars" lineup. I was confused. I thought the sequester eliminated that.
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Business Wages in finance, banking sectors highest in Vietnam: ILO
Wages in finance, banking sectors highest in Vietnam: ILO
By Thanh Nien News, TN News
Monday, December 08, 2014 09:36 Email Print
Bank employees delivering currency in Hanoi. Photo: AFP
Workers in financial services, banking and insurance are the highest wage earners in Vietnam, according to a report issued Friday by the International Labor Organization (ILO).
The workers earn an average of VND7.23 million ($344) a month.
Other top earners included scientists and technicians who earn an average of VND6.53 million ($311) and realtors who earn VND6.4 million ($305).
Meanwhile, people employed in household factories earned the smallest monthly wage of VND2.35 million ($112) followed by those in the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector where the monthly wage averaged out to VND2.63 million ($125).
Vietnam's overall gender pay gap weighed in at a little under 10 percent, which is quite small compared to the global average. However, that gap widened in the low-wage sector of agriculture, forestry and fisheries where women earn 32 percent less than men.
In the booming manufacturing sector, which is dominated by women, female workers earn 17 percent less than their male counterparts.
Long road to hoe
Wages grew significantly during the past two years, but Vietnam has a long way to go before it catches up to the rest of the world, the ILO said.
The country recorded an overall increase of 13.67 percent in average real wages between 2011 and 2013, partly due to a substantial increase in minimum wages.
Despite the overall positive developments, wages in Vietnam remain much lower than in developed economies and even lag behind many neighbouring countries.
Within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) bloc, Vietnam's average monthly wage in 2012 stood at VND3.8 million ($181)--ahead of Laos ($119), Cambodia ($121) and Indonesia ($174). Vietnam's wage was equivalent to about half of Thailand’s $357, less than one third of Malaysia’s $609 and one twentieth of Singapore’s $3,547.
“These large wage differences between ASEAN countries reflect substantial differences in a number of factors including labor productivity,” said Gyorgy Sziraczki, ILO director in Vietnam.
Last year, global wage growth slowed to 2 percent, compared to 2.2 per cent in 2012, and has yet to catch up to the pre-crisis rates of about 3 percent, according to the ILO’s Global Wage Report 2014-2015.
Even this modest growth in global wages was driven almost entirely by emerging G20 economies, where wages increased by 6.7 percent in 2012 and 5.9 percent in 2013.
By contrast, average wage growth in developed economies had hovered around 1 percent per year since 2006 and before slowing significantly in 2012 and 2013 to only 0.1 per cent and 0.2 per cent respectively.
“Wage growth has slowed to almost zero for developed economies as a group in the last two years, with actual declines in wages in some,” said Sandra Polaski, the ILO’s deputy director-general for policy. “This has weighed on overall economic performance, leading to sluggish household demand in most of these economies and the increasing risk of deflation in the Eurozone,” she added.
In developed economies, wages frequently represent 70-80 percent of total income in households with at least one member of working age.
In emerging and developing economies, where self-employment is more frequent, the contribution of wages to household income is usually smaller, ranging from about 50-60 percent in Mexico, Russia, Argentina, Brazil and Chile to about 40 percent in Peru, or 30 percent in Vietnam.
Wage finance banking sectors highest in Vietnam ILO
Japanese fashion retailer Miniso comes to Vietnam
The chain plans 12 stores this year and 200 by 2021
Uber must pay tax for drivers in Vietnam: finance ministry
German companies eye young solar energy market in Vietnam
Emerging markets in longest slump since june as volatility jumps
Vinamilk seeks to buy second U.S. dairy company in growth push
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The Thistle Archive
Partick Thistle stats and stories 1876 to date
partickles
Nobby Clark
players:a-z: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
● Nobby Clark, 1973 (HA)
Robert Clark was born on Saturday, 12th April, 1952, in Glasgow.
The 6' 0 (10st 6lbs) defender signed for Willie Thornton's Thistle on Friday, 13th September, 1968, having most recently been with Sighthill Youth Club.
Aged 17, he made his debut appearance on Saturday, 23rd August, 1969, in a 6-0 defeat away to Kilmarnock in the League Cup.
Nobby scored his only goal for Thistle on Tuesday, 1st January, 1974, in a 1-1 draw away to Rangers in the SFL First Division.
He played his last game for the club on Saturday, 26th April, 1975, in a 2-2 draw away to Clyde in the SFL First Division, having clocked up 152 appearances as a Jag.
Nobby's club-list included Partick Thistle and Queen of the South.
Every Goal
Ye'll no' believe who scored it!
compiled from our All Games criteria.
21y, 8m, 20d 01.01.1974 Rangers [a] D1-1 (SFL First Division - game 16)
Nobby featured at #6 in our Top 12 countdown here on The Thistle Archive →
Tuesday 1st January 1974
SFL First Division - game 16
Rangers [a] D1-1
The teenage Robert, to give him his Sunday name, was signed by Scot Symon in 1968 and had six highly eventful seasons at Firhill, clocking up more than 150 appearances under three different managers. In his first playing season, 1969-70, he experienced the pain of relegation and in the very next he won a winners medal as part of the side which romped to the Second Division title. In 1971-72 he won another winners medal as part of the League Cup winning squad and in 1972-73 he turned out for the Jags in Europe – home and away against Honved. Amazing to think that all of these experiences were crammed in before his 21st birthday! Such was the way for the young Firhill lions at that time – they were thrown in at the deep end and had to swim.
As an interesting aside to the 1971 League Cup campaign, it’s worth noting that Nobby played in the first three games of the season vs. Arbroath, East Fife and Raith Rovers. He then went down with flu and forced Davie McParland into giving Jackie Campbell a shot at the No.5 shirt. Jackie, of course, made that shirt his own for years to come, and it took 5 whole months for Nobby to get another look-in!
It wasn’t until his fifth playing season, that Nobby could add the accolade “Partick Thistle goal scorer” to his list of achievements – but it was a goal well worth the wait for the player and for the fans alike. Can there be a better script than a fans favourite getting his only goal with a crucial strike against the Old Firm? I think not. Football is built on these rare moments of total joy.
There were 20,000 at Ibrox for this Tuesday afternoon game. It was a hard-fought contest and the Thistle contingent were most aggrieved at the fact that we were trailing to a Derek Parlane penalty, softly awarded by J. Callaghan (Glasgow). Thistle seemed determined to see justice done and their perseverance paid off. With less than ten minutes left on the clock, an inviting cross was flighted into the box. Who would meet it? Joe Craig? Ronnie Glavin? Tommy Rae? No to all the usual candidates – NOBBY CLARK had made a great run, lost his marker, and bulleted it past Peter McCloy with his head, rippling the Rangers net. One each was how it ended – Happy New Year Jags fans!
Nobby was eventually squeezed out of the first team picture in season 1974-75, with the combination of a new manager and the emergence of a new talent, namely one Alan Hansen, limiting his appearances. He consoled himself by adding another winners’ medal to his collection as the Reserves won the Scottish Cup for the second time in four seasons. Reserve team football was no good to Nobby though – and he was too good not to be playing first grade football. Others certainly thought so, and there were no shortage of offers for his services, with Motherwell and Airdrie making notable offers. Nobby himself plumped for Queen of the South where he became an all-time legend both as a player and a manager.
Hugh Strachan was always rightly proud of his one-time protégé – even down to moulding him for just one special goal for the Thistle! Has to be said though, Nobby’s Ibrox trumps Hugh’s Annfield anyday…
The Thistle Archive supports the excellent RedYellow.org fan initiative - all profits donated to PTFC
© The Thistle Archive 2015-2020. All rights reserved. Third-party trademarks and content are the property of their respective owners, and subject to their own copyright terms and conditions. See the website links provided in each case.
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"From The D To The A (feat. Lil Yachty)"
From The D To The A (feat. Lil Yachty)
Tee Grizzley Played at 07:52
"Lemon"
"Kites"
"Spaz"
Seeing Sounds
"Truth Or Dare"
"Secret Life Of Tigers"
"It's In The Air"
Nothing (Deluxe Explicit Version)
"Windows"
"Help Me"
"Lemon - Edit"
Lemon (Edit)
"Everyone Nose (All The Girls Standing In The Line For The Bathroom) - Remix"
Energy: 0.9 MOOD AVG: 0.67
"Sooner or Later"
"Nothing On You"
"Lapdance"
"I've Seen The Light / Inside Of Clouds"
"Jump"
Fly Or Die
"Dennis Rodman (feat. Tyga)"
"No Ceilings (feat. Lil Wayne & Jay Gwuapo)"
"In It (feat. Mulatto)"
"Hectic (feat. Puff Daddy)"
"Mask (feat. Antha Pantha)"
Average Valence: 0.535
327.2 293.2 236.8 259.2 312.4 309.6 236.8 252.4 225.2 299.6 217.2 209.2 276.8 219.2 268.0 200.4 276.4 305.2 190.0 312.0 198.8 258.0 324.0 210.0 324.0 210.0 248.8
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48F ~ 61F Xiamen Weather
Australian Minister of Tourism: International travel may open in 2021
International travel may resume as early as June and plans to resume overseas flights to Australia in mid-2021.
According to Australia.com.cn, as the epidemic in Australia improves, the federal and state governments have begun to consider opening up outbound travel and allowing more temporary visa holders to return to Australia.
Australian Tourism Minister: Outbound tourism may be opened in 2021, reiterating the priority policy for Australians
According to the "Daily Telegraph" report on the 22nd, Australia's Federal Minister of Tourism Birmingham said that Australia may open international travel in 2021. However, the Federal Government still stated that it will not consider allowing international students to enter Australia until Australian citizens stranded overseas return to Australia.
Birmingham said Australia will re-examine the issue of international border blockades before waiting for further information on the success of vaccines and how they will be produced and promoted. He said: "I hope we can see success in vaccines and their effectiveness." Birmingham said that he also expects international travel to resume in 2021, but he also warned that this is unlikely to be achieved in the beginning of 2021. . He said: "I think the first half of 2021 will still be challenging."
In addition, Ninth News reported on the 23rd that Qantas CEO Joyce also revealed that international travel may resume as early as June and plans to resume overseas flights to Australia in mid-2021. Joyce said that their plan is to start and operate a "large amount" of international business in the next fiscal year. However, these plans also need to depend on the availability of vaccines.
New Victoria has big moves in both states
"The Times" reported on the 22nd that Victoria Governor Andrew reiterated that Victoria will restart the hotel isolation plan on December 7 and will give priority to Australians returning from overseas. At the same time Andrew also said that his government will "do everything it can" to resume enrollment of international students in early 2021. He said: "I think the answer is yes. We will definitely pick up international students, but the specific number, when will we start picking up, whether we can catch up with the semester resumption time and other details, we need to discuss more."
"Sydney Morning Herald" reported on the 22nd that NSW Governor Barry Jacqueline recently stated that he hopes to use one-third of the state’s hotel quarantine population to pick up international students and skilled immigrants back to Australia, and plans to start implementation as early as six weeks. This move will reduce the number of overseas Australians returning home through NSW. She said: "New South Wales wants to see measures to boost our economy, not just returning Australians. We hope to start acting as soon as possible, but it obviously depends on whether the federal government allows us to do so."
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Address: No.908 Xiahe Road
Copyright © 1991 Xiamen Plaza Hotel, All rights reserved.
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Posted on Wednesday 25th July
On 25 July 2009, Britain's last Tommy, Harry Patch, passed away aged 111.
Henry 'Harry' John Patch was born on 17 June 1898 in a small village near Bath and worked as an apprentice plumber after leaving school at 15, before being conscripted into the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry at the age of 18.
Harry arrived on the Western Front in the summer of 1917 and went over the top at the Passchendaele offensive, during which he was badly injured and spent the rest of the war in hospital or convalescing.
Harry chose not to speak about his war experiences until he agreed to a television interview in 1998 at the age of 100, and collaborated with Richard Van Emden on his first book, The Last Fighting Tommy, becoming the UK's oldest author.
In 2005, Harry was featured in Richard Van Emden's Britain's Last Tommies - the culmination of 20 years' work interviewing the Great War's last surviving veterans.
On 25 July 2009, Britain's last Tommy, Harry Patch, passed away aged 111. Henry 'Harry' John Patch was born on 17 June 1898 in a small village near Bath and worked as an apprentice plumber after leaving school at 15, before being conscripted into the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry at the age of 18. Harry arrived on the Western Front in the summer of 1917 and went over the top at the Passchendaele offensive, during which he was badly injured and spent the rest of the war in hospital or convalescing. Harry chose not to speak about his war experiences until he agreed to a television interview in 1998 at the age of 100, and collaborated with Richard Van Emden on his first book, [i]The Last Fighting Tommy[/i], becoming the UK's oldest author. In 2005, Harry was featured in Richard Van Emden's [url="http://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Britains-Last-Tommies/p/1025/"]Britain's Last Tommies[/url] - the culmination of 20 years' work interviewing the Great War's last surviving veterans.
Author signed copies of Britain's Last Tommies
by Richard van Emden
The First World War as a living history is to all intents and purposes over. As of today February 2009, there are only two veterans from six million alive who served on the Western Front. Richard has spent the last 20 years interviewing and carefully recording the memories of over 270 veterans and this book is a culmination of his 20 years of work. The book will be an extraordinary collection of stories told by… Read more...
Author talk: Richard Van Emden
As his latest work, The Somme, is released, we chatted to best-selling Great War author Richard Van Emden about his career, Harry Patch and the Somme centenary Read article...
Richard van Emden on The Great War - Why We Should Remember
Thu 15th May
A column by First World War author and historian Richard van Emden on veterans of the Great War and his experiences of meeting and interviewing them over the past two decades. Read article...
Britain's Last Tommies at Passchendaele
Tue 31st July
Final memories from soldiers of the 1914-1918 war in their own words. Extracted from Britain's Last Tommies by Richard van Emden, Read article...
The 37th Division at Arras
A Pen and Sword title with an exceptionally vivid, first-hand account of the battle of Arras is Despatch Rider on the Western Front 1915-18, the diary of Sergeant Albert Simpkin MM, edited by his great nephew, David Venner Read article...
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SCOTTISH WATER PROVIDES CUSTOMERS WITH CERTAINTY OVER FUTURE HOUSEHOLD CHARGES
Posted: Monday 30th January 2017
Household water charges in Scotland are expected to remain among the lowest in Great Britain.
Scottish Water today confirmed that an increase in household charges is again being limited to 1.6% across all council tax bands - around £6 a year for the average household, providing stability in charges for customers.
It means the average Scottish Water household charge in 2017/18 will be £357 - less than £1 a day. While charges for 2017/18 in England and Wales have yet to be announced, the current average household charge of £389 is considerably higher than in Scotland.
By 2021, Scottish Water has pledged that household charges overall will have fallen in real terms.
Between 2015 and 2021, Scottish Water is investing £3.5 billion in projects the length and breadth of Scotland.
The six-year investment will be made in water treatment works, pipes and networks - providing customers with improved service, enhancing the environment and supporting jobs in the Scottish economy. This is around £1,370 for every connected property. Ongoing projects include:
Construction of the £100 million Shieldhall Tunnel in Glasgow. This will improve water quality in the River Clyde and reduce flooding
A new £29 million water treatment works to provide continuous, high-quality drinking water to customers in the Oban area
A £5 million upgrade of Dundee's drinking water network
Douglas Millican, Chief Executive, said: "Scottish Water customers continue to enjoy the benefits of one of the UK's best value water and waste water services.
"The quality of drinking water received by our customers has never been higher, while we've continued to achieve excellent customer satisfaction results.
"We are firmly focused on meeting our customers' expectations of us. That's why we're building on the significant improvements we've made to water services by providing value for money, stability and certainty in charge levels.
"By 2021, we expect to deliver further improvements to drinking water quality and environmental performance while at the same time ensuring that overall household charges have fallen further in real terms."
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For Members: Practice Files and Music Notes
Music Director Edward Whalen
Accompanist Hisako Hiratsuka
Advertise in our program booklet
Pay Dues or Donate to the WCS
Wellesley Choral Society Music Director Edward Whalen
Edward Whalen is a graduate of the New England Conservatory of Music and the University of Rhode Island. Mr. Whalen has appeared as conductor with the Boston Aria Guild, Boston’s King’s Chapel, the University of Rhode Island, the Wellesley Symphony Orchestra, and the Wakefield Festival Chorus. He is the director of the Upper School choruses at Milton Academy and recently led the school’s Chamber Singers on a concert tour of England.
Mr. Whalen has performed as a tenor soloist with groups including the Boston Lyric Opera, the Lake George Opera, the Des Moines Metro Opera, Boston’s Chorus Pro Musica, the Harvard-Radcliffe Chorale, and the Boston Aria Guild.
Mr. Whalen became the Wellesley Choral Society’s tenth Music Director in 1994. Concerts under his direction have included Bach’s Kyrie in D Minor, Bloch’s Sacred Service, Mozart’s Great Mass and Solemn Vespers, Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas, Vivaldi’s Gloria, Mendelssohn’s Elijah , his own dramatic cantata, David and Jonathan, Mozart’s Requiem and Poulenc’s Gloria with the Waltham Philharmonic Orchestra, and Brahms’ Ein Deutsches Requiem with the Wellesley Symphony Orchestra.
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Lord Dick Taverne
[back] Experts
[Here is a 'company man' if there ever was one (Prince Philip's lost twin?). Promoting Monsanto's GM poisons (1), defending the Vivisection crime (1), and vaccine companies by campaigning for legal aid to be withdrawn re MMR (MMR legal funding), while attacking non-Allopathic medicine such as Homeopathy. If he gave a rat's ass about addiction he would be campaigning for the orthomolecular treatment (1, 2).]
President (2004): Research Defence Society
Founder: Sense about Science
Lord Dick Taverne by Lobbywatch
Conflicts of Integrity by Martin Walker
[2004] Taverne Letter to BMJ] PERSONAL VIEW The legal aid folly that damages us all
[2004] The costly fraud that is organic food
"They had two things they had to stop. Firstly, the court case which had been organised on behalf of around 1,000 children and had taken 10 years to come to court. This case had to be stopped because the government had underwritten any damages accrued by GlaxoSmithKline if parents were awarded compensation for vaccine damage.
They also had to curtail Wakefield’s career, stop him from researching in this area in Britain, prevent him from making statements to the press and media, and above all discredit him as an expert witness. There is no doubt about his stature before all this happened. He was one of the leading medical researchers in Crohn’s disease. He had been given awards for his work.
Anyway, they stopped the legal claims by parents by withdrawing Legal Aid. In claims law in England, you have to select test cases because you can’t go ahead with 1,000 cases - so 10 were chosen. But in 2004, after ten years of preparation, with all children being on Legal Aid, it was suddenly withdrawn 6 months before it came to court! This meant that all the cases came to a sudden end.
In fact some time afterward when this decision was appealed, it was found that the Judge in the case had a brother who was a non executive board director of Glaxo SmithKline, who were the Defendants in the case. Also, the science lobby groups funded by the drug companies and Lord Dick Taverne, founder of Sense About Science and a lawyer, campaigned to get legal aid taken from the parents."----[Interview of Martin Walker Sept 2008] ANDREW WAKEFIELD IN THE DOCK
In the House of Lords on January 23rd Lord Taverne asked Her Majesty’s Government, “whether they have any proposals to withdraw National Health Service funding for homeopathy?” [2006] NEWS: The Lords debate homoeopathy
“The more I’ve looked at genetic modification, the more I’ve become an enthusiast for the technology,” says Lord Taverne, [2006] UK PEER ENCOURAGES SKEPTICS TO REVIEW BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2006 Monsanto Company.
Competing interests: DT is chairman of the monitoring board of AXA Sun Life, chairman of a consultancy concerned with good governance in South East Asia, president of the Research Defence Society, and chairman of the charity Alcohol and Drug Addiction Prevention and Treatment Ltd. [2004] Taverne Letter to BMJ] PERSONAL VIEW The legal aid folly that damages us all
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Contact / Volunteer
Participantes Yearbook
Camp Kikotimaal was founded in January of 2006 as a program of Zeno Mountain Farm. Since its inception, the camp has been supported by Viamericas Corporation through private donation. In 2014, the nonprofit organization Viamistad was created to expand the camp and the camp is now a program of Viamistad. Under this organization we will initiate new camp sessions to be able to invite more people to enjoy the camp experience and make lifelong friendships.
Sarah Peller, Ph.D., currently serves as Viamistad's Director of Camp Operations. Dr. Peller is one of the founders of the camp along with friends from Zeno Mountain Farm. While studying Spanish in Antigua, Guatemala, in 2003, Dr. Peller volunteered in classrooms for students with cerebral palsy. She observed the many challenges facing people with disabilities in Guatemala. Special education classrooms were just beginning to appear, but parents had to stay in the classrooms to support their children; there were no assistants. Adults with disabilities frequently remained at home without leaving their houses or neighborhoods at all. Many lived in institutions with full care but minimal stimulation, since their families were not able to care for them.
The first camp session took place in January 2006 and hosted 13 people with disabilities. In 2008, it grew to 50 people, half with disabilities. We have held 9 camps, one per year.
Camp Kikotimaal is modeled on a summer camp program initiated in 1953 in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, and still in operation, called Camp Jabberwocky. Campers and counselors return year after year, many throughout their entire adult lives, forming a large, family-like web of personal relationships surpassing typical boundaries of ability. An important aspect of Jabberwocky's model was that no one was paid to work at camp caring for friends with disabilities, and no one paid to attend camp. Parents were discouraged from making donations. Camp's original purpose was to give parents of adults with disabilities a respite from full-time care. However, multiple beneficial effects of each person's long-term involvement in the community became apparent, both on the individual's quality of life and of the individuals and on the larger community's view of people with disabilities.
Beyond the basic human needs of food, water, shelter and health care, philosophers and educators have long identified humans' need for freedom, purpose, recreation, and authentic relationships with others based on mutual enjoyment and sharing. People with severe disabilities, typically dependent on either families or societal charitable institutions for their basic needs, frequently lack opportunities for not only formal education but also mental stimulation, authentic friendships, and self-direction. Outside of parent-child and other familial relationships, sometimes all of the relationships in the life of a person with a severe mental or physical disability involve the delivery of paid services. In Guatemala, special education has only recently become law and is still an infrequent reality. People with severe disabilities are sometimes completely isolated from the world outside of their family home or an institution. Camp provides the opportunity to break out of isolation and dependence to form authentic, long-term friendships with both disabled and non-disabled peers in the context of an annual shared experience.
At camp we strive to create opportunities for new experiences, travel, adventure, friendship bonding, and working together on projects. We play music and sing together, do yoga and sports, play games, create art, and collaborate to create an altogether unique theatrical performance, which we present to parents and the community. We spend a week at the beautiful Lago de Atitlán and a weekend enjoying the beach on the Pacific Coast of Guatemala.
Camp Kikotimaal is a magical place for campers and counselors alike, where money does not change hands and divisions of social class, ability, race and culture fade as everyone contributes his or her unique talents and personalities.
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Yvette M. Devereaux
Batonic Music
Recently, Dr. Devreaux was a soloist on the score of the hit show ‘Have and the Have Nots’ (OWN TV and a Tyler Perry show); a violinist on Justin Timberlake’s new CD ‘The 20/20 Experience’ (she played with him in the 2013 Grammy Awards as well) concertmaster of her own String Ensemble for the hit TV Show ‘The Voice’ 2011 and the lead violinist for the 2011 Grammy Awards with young artist, Bruno Mars/B.O.B. In 2008 she was one of the violinists for Aretha Franklin’s Performance at President Obama’s Inauguration.
No stranger to big name celebrity musicians, Ms. Devereaux has appeared as a solo violinist at the Hollywood Bowl with Stevie Wonder, Hank Jones, Gerald Wilson, Joe Lovano, Kenny Burrell, and others Furthermore she made a special solo appearance with the ‘Disco Diva’ Donna Summers at the Hilton and MGM Hotel in Las Vegas.
Dr Devereaux continues to appear on numerous recordings. Some highlights include Barbara Streisand’s CD “Love is the Answer”, and the ‘Colors of Christmas’ Tour Starring Peabo Bryson, Stephanie Mills, and others. She also worked on Alicia Keys CD “As I Am” as the lead violinist in New York. You can also hear Ms Devereaux as a featured solo violinist on the CD ‘Detroit’ by the Great Jazz Legend Gerald Wilson and his orchestra.
Just as strong as a classical musician as any other style, Ms. Devereaux has served as Principal Violinist for Opera Great Luciano Pavarotti in Las Vegas at the Caesars Palace and has toured with Andre Bocelli.
The list of great musicians Ms. Devereaux has performed and/or recorded with is endless. Many are Jazz and Pop Greats such as: Willie Nelson, Melissa Manchester, Peabo Bryson, Chaka Khan, Erykah Badu, T.I, Billy Higgins, Ernie Andrews, Herbie Hancock, Art Hillery, McCoy Tyner, Nancy Wilson, Teddy Edwards, Natalie Cole, Dianna Krall, and others. In addition she has also performed with great artists like: Justin Timberlake, Queen Latifah, Paul Anka, John Legend, James Brown, Allan Holdsworth, Alan Jackson, Isley Brothers, Smokey Robinson, John Williams, James Horner, Johnny Mandel, Celine Dion, John Clayton, Jeremy Lubbock, Frank Sinatra, Vanessa L. Williams, Whitney Houston, George Duke, Luther Vandross, Geroge Benson, Kenny G, Roberta Flack, Lionel Ritchie, Diane Schurr, Kathleen Battle, Patti LaBelle, Dianne Reeves, Barry White, Vikki Carr, Nina Simone, Stanley Clarke, Johnny Mathis, Anita Baker, James Ingram, Karen White, and many, many others.
Dr. Devereaux received her violin training from Earl Carlyss (Julliard String Quartet), Anne Thatcher, and John Sambuco, among others. She earned her Bachelor’s degree in Violin from Chapman University.
Violinist & Conductor
Here’s To You This Holiday Season – Christmas CD
Yvette conducting the All County Division IV Orchestra at the All County Music Festival 2014
Arrangements for Youth Orchestra
Peabody Conservatory of Music Chamber – Mozart Symphony No. 35
► ‖
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Hero Logo
Hero Logo PNG
Hero is an Indian brand of motorcycles manufacturing company, which is a part of Honda Group. The label was named one of the most respected in the world and is highly recognizable across the globe.
One of the most famous motorbikes manufacturers has a short and modest visual identity history. Its logo was redesigned just once after it was created, keeping the signature brand’s colors.
The first Hero logo was designed in 1984 when the company’s name was Hero Honda. The logo was composed of a wordmark built on two floors and an emblem on its left.
The wordmark in all capital letters features a classic serif typeface with thick confident lines, which looked massive and powerful in a bright red brand’s color.
The Hero Honda emblem comprised a Honda’s stylized “H” symbol, sitting on the red sun with three parallel horizontal lines underneath it.
The original Hero Honda logo was bright and strong. The color palette was a reflection of the company’s power and influence, while the lettering showed the brand as passionate and progressive.
But in 2011 Honda decided to leave the brand and the need for the new corporate identity occurred.
The Hero logo redesign of 2011 was made by a famous design bureau Wolff Olins. The agency created a new contemporary and stylish look for the brand.
The new Hero logo is composed of a wordmark and an emblem, located above it.
The wordmark features lowercase lettering with the first “H” capital, but equal to other letters in its size. The sans-serif typeface of the nameplate is clear and neat and similar to Harabara font.
The bold smooth lines with a rounded “r” make the nameplate sleek and modern.
The new Hero emblem is geometrical and sharp. It is composed of the letter “H”, which is turned on one third and looks three-dimensional due to the use of three colors — red, white and black. Executed in a Closure-technique, it is a great graphical symbol, whose sharp angles make the logo look more energetic and dynamic.
The classic color combination was taken by the brand from its original visual identity design, the dot was the right choice, as the red-black-white color palette is the strongest possible tricolor, which shows the confidence, progress, and strength.
The Hero logo is a celebration of the brand’s progress and innovative approach. It is a great symbol of a powerful company with a bright future and values of its heritage.
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NJ Horror Con Postponed Until September
Varacchi
instagram.com/njhorrorcon/
Horror fans were supposed to converge on the Showboat in Atlantic City last month, but obviously the COVID pandemic ruined those plans. Organizers announced they would move the Convention to September, but other than the dates, nothing is changing.
In a statement, they said
We have been following the COVID-19 pandemic closely and taking the direction from the Governor’s office very seriously. We were hoping to make New Jersey Horror Con’s June show happen, but after speaking with the Showboat hotel and NJ Horror Con staff, it is clear that the pandemic will (again) prevent us from this date. We will be MOVING/POSTPONING June’s show to September 25th, 26th and 27th 2020 at the Showboat Atlantic City. Everyone’s safety (attendees, vendors, celebrities and staff) is our main priority and we wouldn’t want to jeopardize anyone’s health. We also want to be able to put on the best show possible, we feel this is the safest move for everyone.
Thank you for your continued support as we work hard behind the scenes 24/7 to make this show the best it can be.
There is a huge list of celebrities that will attend, as well as a huge list of movies that will be part of the Film Festival. Tickets are still available.
I'll be honest, while I like the organizers' optimism, I have doubts that this convention will even be able to happen in September. We're seeing numbers grow again, and we've already seen fall events like Sea.Hear.Now and food fests in Red Bank get canceled. At a convention like this, you have tons of people in a relatively small place. Cramming people into hotel conference rooms or movie theaters isn't a great idea.
I am curious as to how cosplay will look at conventions like this. If you're wearing a costume mask, will you be required to wear a medical mask underneath, or on the outside?
New Jersey Stars Phobias
Filed Under: Horror Con, New Jersey Horror Con
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Game 3: Pittsburgh Penguins (March 15)
It was tight to make this game, but it wasn’t supposed to be so. The game was originally scheduled for a 7:30 p.m. start., for which I booked a flight to arrive in Pittsburgh around 11:30 a.m. About two weeks ago, I found out that the game was rescheduled for an earlier start (for broadcast reasons), moving the puck-drop to 12:30 p.m. For a change fee of $200, I changed my flight to an earlier departure time, which would get me in to Pittsburgh around 9 a.m. When checking in at the airport this morning, you can imagine my surprise when they told me that I was put on standby, despite the fact I paid for a full fare ticket. (My wife, who is travelling with me for the first six games of this trip, was quick to offer her boarding pass in the event “standby” became “no fly,” but the thought of splitting up our flights was not very appealing.) Thankfully things got sorted out at the gate, but it was a reminder how much the successful completion of this trip (making all 30 games) is at the mercy of the airlines, weather, etc.
We ended up getting to the game with time to spare, and after settling in at the Consol Energy Place, we immediately observed what a beautiful arena facility it is! The arena is located on a hill, which gives it some charm, and like most modern arenas, there are large window areas, which provide natural light to the entranceways as you enter the building. The jumbotron was massive and impressive, with crystal clear resolution on its four screens.
The concourse areas are wide, and there are many areas with lots of elbow room during the intermissions. The shot of me looking at the beautiful mosaic of Mario Lemieux was taken during the first intermission, as is the photo of me talking to arena staff about my trip, and the two photos of my trivia contest subject, who scored 7 out of 10 on my hockey trivia questions. And once again, these four photos were taken at the intermission of a hockey game!
Food choices are bountiful, with offerings of sushi, gourmet carved turkey on a bun, pulled pork, as well as the usual arena fare.
As we settled into our seats, my wife suggested that I tweet from my #30g30n handle, and to include a picture she took of me standing beside a cardboard cut-out of Sidney Crosby. (Which actually looks like a cardboard cut-out of me.) 🙂 About ten minutes later, she spotted my tweet on the jumbotron, and was able to take a picture of it on time! Very neat to see the speed of social media, for which up to ten days ago, I did not even have a twitter account. (Or Facebook page: 30 games 30 nights.)
As the game started, there were two non-hockey things which stood out in comparison to the game the day before, a game in which the Flyers beat the Wings by a score of 7-2. The temperature inside the Consol Energy Place was probably five degrees warmer than in Philadelphia, and the decibel level of stop-in-play music was about 10 decibels lower, the latter more comfortable for my aging ears! 🙂 Getting back to the hockey, it should have been predictable that the Wings would come out flying, especially after their one-sided loss the day before.
While the Penguins outshot the Wings by a margin of 43-25, they lost the game by a score of 5-1. The shot clock did not reflect puck possession or scoring chances, and while I’m not a professional hockey analyst, I would suggest the Penguins did not create enough traffic in front of the Wings net. And I would also add that most of the Penguins shots were from the perimeter areas, or shot directly at the Wings crest on the goalie’s jersey!
Off to game four tomorrow, and after two planes, and one train to make the first three games, I’ve rented a car to make the trip to Buffalo. (This is the “Planes, Trains, and Automobiles” part of the trip.) And not to get too far ahead of tomorrow, I’m starting to get very excited for the Bruins game, which takes place on St. Patrick’s Day. I’ve “survived” a “Friday the 13th” first game, an “Ides of March” third game, so a St. Patrick’s Day 5th game should bring me the best of luck for the balance of my travels!!
One response to “Game 3: Pittsburgh Penguins (March 15)”
Murray Mack says:
I’m really enjoying your blogs & FB posts and am living vicariously through you. I was able to really explore your website on Friday (Game one) while I was stuck in the Winnipeg Airport after my flight to Edmonton was cancelled due to maintenance issues. I thought of you and hope the airline gods are kind to you because what you’re doing for “Make A Wish Foundation” is AWESOME. You could probably start another blog on airports and the joy of air travel.
All the best to you & GO ROB GO
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Percy Lavon Julian, Jr.
Percy Lavon Julian, born April 11, 1899, in Montgomery, Ala., was one of the premier scientists, business leaders, and humanists of his time. As the grandson of a slave, Julian was the eldest of six children born to James Sumner Julian, a railway mail clerk, and his wife Elizabeth Lena Adams.
When Julian finished the 8th grade, there was no public high school, which black children could attend, so Julian attended the State Normal School for Negroes in Montgomery, Ala. The curriculum at the State Normal School did not prepare Julian for the rigors of college work, so he entered DePauw University in Indiana as a sub-freshman, carrying college and high school courses simultaneously. Yet, he still managed to graduate valedictorian of his class.
Julian earned a master’s degree from Harvard. He taught at Fisk University and West Virginia State College, as segregation denied him teaching positions at white universities. In 1931, Julian earned his Ph.D. in organic chemistry, from the University of Vienna in Austria. Upon returning from Europe, Julian became head of Howard University’s chemistry department. A year later, he returned to DePauw University, as a research fellow. At DePauw, he made his first great discovery by developing physostigmine, a drug used to treat glaucoma.
Although a brilliant chemist, several companies refused to hire Julian in a management position because of his race. Finally, in 1936 he became Director of Research at the Glidden Company, the first black scientist to hold such a position. Julian remained at Glidden for eighteen years, making numerous scientific breakthroughs.
Julian was dubbed the “soybean chemist,” because soybeans were the resource for many of his discoveries. From soybeans, he developed a fire fighting foam, which was used during World War II to extinguish fires aboard ships. He synthesized cortisone, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, lupus and other inflammatory conditions. Prior to his synthesis, cortisone was obtained from oxen bile and only afordable to the very rich. With Julian’s synthesis, cortisone became available to millions for pennies a drop. From soybeans, he also synthesized sex hormones. His synthesis of the female hormone progesterone went into the first birth control pill.
After leaving Glidden, Julian established his own companies in Illinois, Mexico and Guatemala, specializing in the production of synthetic cortisone. He found a greater resource than soybeans in a wild growing yam in the jungles of Guatemala. He sold his Illinois company in 1961 for $2.3 million, becoming one of the nation’s first black millionaires.
Julian won numerous awards. Most notable were his election to the National Academy of Sciences and the NAACP Spingarn Medal.
Percy Lavon Julian died on April 19, 1975. In 1990, he became one of the first African Americans inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
After his death, Governor George Wallace issued a proclamation commemorating Julian’s achievements. Declaring Julian a favorite son of Alabama, he proclaimed April 11th, Percy
Lavon Julian Day.
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I’m You.
#KatieWins
Katherine Bensen’s commitment to improved lung cancer outcomes continues to inspire us and bring hope.
Our thanks to KSTP TV for bringing attention to Katherine’s story, and for highlighting the need for greater participation in clinical trials to improve treatments.
Recent Article: 5 EYEWITNESS NEWS followed up with a local woman who is committed to helping herself and others. (The link to the interview is at the bottom of this article.)
Katherine Bensen is back at Mayo Clinic. Bensen was diagnosed with non-smoking stage four lung cancer in 2014.
RELATED: Targeted therapy means lung cancer doesn’t have to be a death sentence
“My job for the last four years has been staying alive and having good health, good quality of life, going to doctor’s appointments, doing the research, spreading awareness about lung cancer and just being here for my family,” said Bensen.
In 2016, KSTP reported on a unique targeted therapy she received at Mayo Clinic but her cancer kept growing.
“The cancer is really smart,” said Bensen. “And so I’ve exhausted four different targeted-therapy drugs. And the cancer basically figures out that it’s getting blocked and then develops another mutation.”
But here’s what’s great about clinical trials— each time Bensen tried a therapy and it didn’t work, something new popped up that wasn’t available before. In April, she started another one.
“We clearly need more people,” said Bensen’s Mayo Clinic Oncologist, Dr. Julian Molina. “Now we have an abundance of new medications in cancer treatment, and what we are lacking is more patients to participate in clinical trials.”
Dr. Molina says clinical trials at Mayo Clinic and other research hospitals are important.
“The message is [to] consider clinical trials for two reasons,” said Molina. “One is because they have a good chance of benefiting you as a patient. Some of these medications are very good and they have a good potential. And number two, you have the chance of helping others.”
Bensen is dedicated to the cause. She and her father, former Minnesota Congressman Rick Nolan, raise money for research. And she understands cancer impacts the whole family. She’s a wife and a mom; she’s been honest with her kids and they’ve learned a lot.
“You can get through anything,” said her son, Henry. “You know we have bad days, but I think about her and what she goes through and it really gets me through it, it gets me through anything.”
“It’s just about breaking it down and taking it day by day I think,” said her daughter, Anne. “Don’t let the big obstacle facing you get in the way of doing everyday life.”
Fast forward a month and there’s disappointing news. Bensen has learned the latest therapy isn’t working, either. But thanks to research and clinical trials, she’s now on another new treatment– her eighth.
According to Bensen, clinical trials have bought her time and given her hope for a cure.
“If other people had not done these clinical trials I would not be here today,” said Bensen. “And Dr. Molina said from day one we are going to treat it like a pair of tires. And when these ones wear out we’re going to get another set. I am definitely living proof that research matters and clinical trials matter.”
Katherine is beating the odds thanks to clinical trials. According to Mayo Clinic, the five-year survival rate for people diagnosed with late-stage lung cancer that has spread (or metastasized) to other areas of the body is 5%. For more, read the Mayo Clinic’s Cancer survival rate: What it means for your prognosis.
Video of interview: https://kstp.com/medical/local-woman-is-living-proof-clinical-trials-keep-people-alive-more-patients-needed-to-participate/5377639/?cat=1
#Katiewins Living with Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer EGFR Exon 19, Erbb2, T790M & MET ~ Diagnosed December 31, 2014.
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June 5, 2019 / Blog Journey
Clinical Trials Matter.
The Importance and Challenges of Clinical Trial Participation, by Heather Kehn, RN, MPH
Importance of Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are the key to making progress against cancer. As a result of past clinical trials, people today are living longer lives from newly discovered cancer treatments that are the results of past clinical trials. Clinical trials also help find new ways to prevent cancer and improve the quality of life for people during and after treatment. When patients and their families take part in a trial, they add to the knowledge about cancer and help improve cancer care for future patients.1
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines state the best management for any patient with cancer is in a clinical trial. The NCCN goes on to explain that many cancer tests and treatments widely used today, exist because of clinical trials. However, clinical trials can only be done if people have access to the research studies and are willing to join as a particpant.2
Challenges of Clinical Trials
Misconceptions can be a common challenge when it comes to enrolling patients onto a clinical trial. A common misconception is that all clinical trials involve a placebo. Actually, placebos are almost never used alone in cancer treatment trials. In some cases, a study may compare standard treatment plus a new treatment, to standard treatment plus a placebo. Patients will be told if the study uses a placebo during the informed consent process.3
Also, patients may think that there are only cancer treatment clinical trials. When really, there are many clinical trials looking at how to help patients control or prevent the symptoms of their cancer or the side effects of cancer treatment.4
Institutional barriers also exist. For instance, 55% of patients seeking cancer care will not have a clinical trial available for their condition at the location where they are receiving care. Another 17% will not meet the study’s eligibility requirements, and many eligible patients will not be asked by their provider to enroll.5
Taking Action, Together
There is a one-stop-shop to help patients, their family and the community understand clinical trial options and the process of enrolling onto a clinical trial. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed AccrualNet™ to provide a growing, searchable database of hundreds of journal articles with easy-to-read summaries, helpful tools, sample materials, and training resources that can also be used by clinic and research staff.
A Breath of Hope is proud of its strategic partnerships in the lung cancer field and would like to thank Heath Kehn for this contribution to our Clinical Trial Blog Series.
Heather Kehn is a Program Manager with Metro-Minnesota Community Oncology Research Consortium (MMCORC). To learn more, visit www.mmcorc.org.
Sources: 1. Clinical Trials Information. National Cancer Institute. Accessed April 20, 2019 at https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/what-are-trials.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Accessed on April 11, 2019 at https://www.nccn.org/patients/resources/clinical_trials/default.aspx. 3. Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies. National Cancer Institute. 2011. 4. Looking for Answers Through Cancer Research Know Your Options. Metro-Minnesota Community Oncology Research Consortium (MMCORC). 2015. 5. Overcoming Barriers to Patient Enrollment in Therapeutic Clinical Trials for Cancer. Cancer Action Network, American Cancer Society. 2018.
April 29, 2019 / Blog Journey
Clinical Trials Blog, Post 6, Katherine Bensen.
It wasn’t the news I was hoping for this week. My phase 1 clinical trial (first in human, open label, dose escalation study of a new treatment – a human bispecific EGFR and cMet antibody in subjects with advanced non-small cell lung cancer) did not work for me. On April 16, I had a CT scan after starting the trial six weeks ago. My stage 4 lung cancer has increased; therefore, I will no longer be participating in the clinical trial. My doctor made it clear that my participation in the trial is more than helping humanity – it is about helping me, too.
There are two reasons why my oncologist would remove a patient from a clinical trial:
The patient has a reaction to the treatment; or
It is not helping reduce the cancer.
Currently, because of other people participating in clinical trials, I am fortunate to have another targeted therapy treatment to try – a combination of two drugs called Crizotinib and Tagrisso. This will be my eighth line of treatment since being diagnosed with lung cancer on December 31, 2014.
Research matters. Clinical trials matter.
My oncologist and I will continue to look for another clinical trial. I remain hopeful for more time to allow research and new drugs to find a cure for lung cancer.
Thank you for reading my blog and being with me through this experience. I am so grateful for all the brave people who came before me and gave so much by participating in clinical trials.
Anyone with lungs can get lung cancer. I am you!
Wish mom was here (a video, Katherine’s daughter)
Learning about Clinical Trials, by Naomi Fujioka, MD, Masonic Cancer Center, U of MN Dept. of Medicine
Clinical trials are a fundamental part of cancer care, leading to more knowledge about the cancers themselves, treatments, and/or side effects. They are often a culmination of decades of work in the lab and in animals, before being introduced to patients. For trials involving treatment, the treatment is “experimental” which means they are not approved by the FDA and not standard of care. Clinical trials come in different flavors, generally referred to as “phases.” The National Cancer Institute has a wonderful primer on clinical trials, accessible at https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials. Trials can run the spectrum from testing the safety of a drug that’s never been used in people (Phase 1), to testing an experimental treatment against a standard of care treatment (generally Phase 3) to see which one is better. Trials can potentially be an appropriate option at any stage of cancer treatment.
Patients: It’s really important for the doc to explain the purpose of the trial to you, the pros and cons, what’s known about the treatment, what is being asked of you, the potential risks, alternatives, and other pieces of information such as who will pay for the costs of the treatment and other care required during the study. These things are also written in a “consent form.” However, it’s important to be aware that a consent form doesn’t replace the doc explaining things well. It represents the way we document something called the “informed consent process.” It’s important for you to ask whatever questions you might have about a trial at any time. It’s also really important to understand that no one can force you to participate in a clinical trial, and you have the option of dropping out of a clinical trial for any reason at any time, without affecting your care or relationship with your providers. It’s voluntary. These principles and many others are strictly enforced by many parties, including the government, FDA, and institutional review boards at every institution, whose duty is to protect people participating in research.
Your doc should advocate for you and be thinking of clinical trials throughout the course of cancer treatment. Navigating and identifying clinical trials is a daunting task, but one place to start looking is clinicaltrials.gov. All clinical trials in the United States are required to be on this website, which is run by the National Institutes of Health. When I’m looking for a clinical trial, I usually start by entering in the condition – for example “lung cancer” and limiting the search to the U.S. I also like the map view, which allows me to see what trials are available in Minnesota or any other individual state. Sometimes it’s best to type in other information – for example “EGFR” or “ALK” or “lung adenocarcinoma.” Your doc is the best person to help you search efficiently. This will save you the time of parsing through the huge amount of information on clinicaltrials.gov. It’s also most useful to look for “active” trials, which are trials that are actually looking for patients. However, trials go through phases. It might say “active” on clinicaltrials.gov, but be temporarily on hold while some data analysis is going on, or some side effects are being reviewed, etc. So your doc, or the doc running the trial at your clinic, will have the information about whether the trial is actually looking for patients or not, and if not, when it might start again if it hasn’t been completed yet. Sometimes I’ll contact a doc running a trial, called an “investigator” to get more information, or sometimes I’ll contact docs around the country to see what trials he/she might have. Each clinical trial usually lists a primary contact.
Clinical trials have a lot of eligibility criteria such as who can or cannot be in the trial. A summary of the criteria is on clinicaltrials.gov. Your doc can help determine if you’re eligible in the beginning, but final eligibility is determined once you enroll in a trial.
© Copyright - 2020 abreathofhope.org
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Full-day Chennai Private Sightseeing Tour
From US$ 120 per person
Experience the wonders of India with this sightseeing tour of Chennai. Marvel at the stunning gopuram at Shiva’s Kapaleeshwarar Temple and the lovely altar piece at St. Mary’s Church.
Duration 8 hours
Starting time 9:30 AM
Walk around Fort St. George, the first British fort in India
See the colorful gopuram at Shiva’s Kapaleeshwarar Temple
View ancient currency at the Government Museum
Visit St. Mary's Church, a British church built at Fort St. George
Join a tour through the fascinating city of Chennai. This large Indian city, the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, has its roots as a colonial city. In the 17th century the British built a town called St. George, which continued to thrive and grow until it was renamed Chennai in the year 2000 by the Indian government. Today, this energy-filled city has not only historic sights and shopping to offer tourists, but gorgeous white sandy beaches as well. Your professional English-speaking tour guide will lead you from Chennai’s past as St. George to its present state today, starting with Fort St. George. This is the first British fort built in India, constructed in 1639. Today, it houses the secretariat, legislative assembly of the Tamil Nadu state, and the Fort Museum. You will also see St. Mary’s Church. Standing in Fort St. George, the church is the oldest British building in India. This beautiful, tall white church has a stunning altar piece of the Last Supper. In addition, you will have the opportunity to visit culturally important museums such as the Government Museum and the National Art Gallery. The Government Museum, in particular, houses an extensive collection of archeological and numismatic artifacts. Last, but most certainly not least, you can marvel at the Kapaleeshwarar Temple, built for the god Shiva. Constructed in the 17th century, this temple has absolutely stunning, colorful gopuram that need to be seen to be believed. Don’t miss the chance! Chennai is not only a beautiful Indian city, it is a beautiful world city. Take the opportunity to visit this city on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal and experience the wonders of India for yourself.
English-speaking tour guide
Pick-up and drop-off at your hotel
Supplement of USD 10 per person will be applicable if you require a guide in any other language than English, such as German, Italian, French, Spanish, Russian etc. This is payable directly to the driver and is subject to a minimum of 2 paying guests.
If you are arrive by cruise ship, an extra supplement cost of USD 20 per person is applicable, and payable directly to the driver.
Please note that hotels located in the suburbs of Mumbai will incur an extra pick-up charge of USD $10 per person, payable directly to the driver and subject to minimum of 2 paying guests.
I feel we have been totally let down four churches in four hours including lunch for a tour that was advertised as 8 hours was emailed in England that the tour in India the next day was not as advertised
Reviewed by gordon – United Kingdom
Reviewed by Udo – Germany
Apollo Voyages (India)
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Action 4k
Animation 4K
Adventure 4K
Drama 4k
Comedy 4K
Documentary 4K
Horror 4K
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Western 4K
Olympus Has Fallen 4K 2013
Thrillers 4K / Action 4k
Producer:- Antoine Fuqua
Cast:-Gerard Butler, Aaron Eckhart, Finley Jacobsen, Dylan McDermott, Rick Yune, Morgan Freeman, Angela Bassett, Melissa Leo, Radha Mitchell, Cole Hauser, Phil Austin, James Ingersoll, Freddy Bosche, Lance Broadway, Sean O'Bryan.
File Size 56.64 GB
Film description
Olympus Has Fallen 4K is available for premium users to download 4k 60fps. When the White House is attacked by terrorists and the president is taken hostage, the discredited former security guard of the head of state Mike Banning finds himself inside the seized building. And now he’s the only one who can save the president…
4k movies reviews
In 2013, two consecutive films about the seizure of the White House were released on the cinema screens, and when it became known that the Storm of the White House was coming out, it could be assumed that it was a fake for the Fall of Olympus from the studio Asylum, but only looking at the name of the director and the budget figure, one could immediately prepare for a spectacle even more steep than the ‘Fall of Olympus’, because Roland Emmerich will not remove the hack. The fact that his film received laurels, and ‘The Fall of Olympus’ – mostly kicks, is outrageous, since both films are very good each in their own way. I was too lazy to read the numerous angry reviews of The Fall of Olympus, because, without even reading it, I know what it says: ‘a lot of blunders’, ‘solid special effects’ and ‘a lot of pathos’. Therefore, having watched the film and made my own opinion, I can recommend it to all lovers of vigorous militants with a simple and understandable meaning, who do not spit at the sight of explosions, do not pay attention to inconsistencies with real facts, and who do not hear words about the protection of civilians hitting their ears and political debate.
The first scene shows the tragedy in the life of the American president, when his motorcade has an accident on the bridge and his wife is killed. A year and a half passes, the president continues to remember his wife, living with his son, not suspecting that danger could again hang over his now incomplete family: unidentified combat aircraft appear in the air, which use the protective field against shots, continuing to head towards the White House, ignoring demands to leave the course, and the storming of the White House begins, the number of victims increases. The action with the capture of the White House continues for an extremely long time, and all these numerous skirmishes have time to get bored, but after that we will finally be told about the purpose of the capture and the identity of the invaders. The Koreans have encroached on the White House, wanting to end the civil war and unite North and South Korea. The US president is being held hostage, and the kidnappers are already looking for his little son as a source of pressure on the president. The former security guard of the presidential motorcade, who was fired after the incident shown at the very beginning of the film, is called to save the first person in the country, and this person knows how to first save the president’s son, and then knock information about their bosses out of the criminals who got in the corridors. Meanwhile, terrorists force a three-part code from the captured government, by entering which, you can gain access to America’s nuclear resources. We are waiting for not only cool action, which is not so much here, but also some interesting facts about the history of the White House and America’s political relations with Korea.
As you can see, the film is not devoid of meaning, plot, or important characters, and the action here for the background is an action movie, after all, not a melodrama. Everyone’s beloved Liam Neeson could have played the role of a fired security guard doing a dangerous mission – I even noticed that the actor who played this hero here is voiced either by the same person as Neeson in ‘Hostage’, or by a stunt double with a similar voice … As for the later released ‘Storming of the White House’, this is a completely different story, not like ‘The Fall of Olympus’, that is, no one plagiarized anyone, both stories are unique. Maybe not a masterpiece, but certainly a solid American action movie.
See the next part: London Has Fallen 4K 2016
Info Blu-ray
Codec: HEVC / H.265
Resolution: 4K (2160p)
HDR: HDR10
Original aspect ratio: 2.39:1
German: DTS-HD Master Audio 7.1 (48kHz, 24-bit)
English: DTS-HD Master Audio 7.1 (48kHz, 24-bit)
English, German.
Movies in the best quality 4k Ultra HD, 2160P. We try every day for you!
Sicario 2014 Multi 2160p 4K UHD Bluray H …August 23, 2018
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File size :- 56.64 GB
Watch the movie trailer Olympus Has Fallen 4K 2013
" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" >
Tenet 4K 2020 IMAX
Action 4k /
After the terrorist attack at the Kiev Opera House, a CIA agent teams up with British intelligence to confront a Russian oligarch who made a fortune in the arms trade. […]
Size 76.41 GB
300 4K 2006
Drama 4k / Action 4k
The events of the picture tell the story of the bloody battle of Thermopylae in 480 BC, in which three hundred brave Spartans, led by their king Leonidas, blocked the […]
V for Vendetta 4K 2005
Alternative future. In England, after a terrible epidemic of an unknown virus that plunged the country into chaos, a brutal dictatorship of the imperious chancellor is established with all the […]
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When the Levees Broke
When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Parts
A Film Review by Kam Williams
Fair (1 star)
Studio: HBO
Conspiracy theorists disappointed with formerly iconoclastic filmmaker Oliver Stone for failing to explore any of the controversies surrounding 9/11 in World Trade Center might have a new hero in director Spike Lee. For Spike, in his HBO documentary, When the Levees Broke, gives vent to a panoply of paranoid notions about who's to blame for the flooding of New Orleans and the subsequent abandoning of its citizens for days on end.
Early on in part one of this incendiary, four-hour documentary, interviewees from the lower Ninth Ward repeatedly refer to hearing a loud explosion during the storm, the implication being that a levee was deliberately detonated. Unfortunately, the film fails to supplement this anecdotal evidence with any tangible proof of tampering, leaving the discerning viewer believing that the breach was likely caused by the category-five hurricane afterall.
Despite capturing many heartbreaking aspects of the disaster, When the Levees Broke is essentially an overambitious mess which ultimately fails to convey effectively the scale or scope of the ongoing tragedy. There's a sense of d’j’ vu to the sad stories being recounted here, whether about wading through sewage-filled water to the Convention Center, being stranded on a rooftop, being left to die in the sweltering heat n underpass or inside the Superdome, separated from family members, and bussed out of town, or being denied insurance payments.
This feeling that we've seen all this before is compounded by the program's oft-confusing chronology. During part four, for instance, we hear homeless folks still complaining about FEMA's tardiness in providing trailers, although these remarks were ostensibly taped earlier than some contained in the third segment of the show. According to this production, all fault lies with the federal government, from the Army corps of engineers to FEMA director Mike Brown to President Bush to Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff.
Most disappointing, however, is how Spike decided to get in bed with Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco, New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin and his ex-Police Chief Eddie Compass by giving these and several other pivotal political figures a platform to spew self-serving spin about their handling of Katrina, when their failures have been well documented. In my opinion, no honest investigation of this shameful chapter of American history could allow the uncritical participation of these partially-responsible culprits.
Furthermore, appearances by well-meaning celebs like Sean Penn, Harry Belafonte and Reverend Al Sharpton simply serve as a distraction from the fundamental story Spike's trying to narrate here. In sum, When the Levees Broke only intermittently engages one emotionally, a no-no when the reason for even undertaking the endeavor in the first place was presumably to shed light on the ongoing plight of the voiceless Katrina victims whose displacement and continued suffering is no longer the concern of the greedy corporate interests entrusted with the rebuilding of the region.
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HBO - When the Levees Broke Home
http://www.hbo.com/docs/programs/whentheleveesbroke
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RD Milns Antiquities Museum RD Milns Antiquities Museum
Student Intern Blogs
Dionysos: Portrait of a God
June 2018 to May 2019
Dionysos is a god of many faces, representing the breadth of human experience. To the ancient Greeks he was the god of wine, of life and of death, and an ecstatic god of the wild, associated with untamed animals and the rejection of the normal way of things. In art, and in myth, Dionysos is accompanied by satyrs, half men, half goats, and maenads, wild women from the east. Dionysos could be masked and was the god of theatre, taking on the appearance of both men and women. He could also be unmasked in ritual, revealed in joy or in fury. Dionysos is a god of opposites, between civilization and wildness, city and country, life and death, man and woman, old and young. But Dionysos also a great equaliser, bringing Greek cities together in worship. At the heart of Dionysiac cult were the mysteries, secret knowledge of life, death and rebirth, known only to initiates.
Dionysos: Portrait of a God explores the many faces of Dionysos in the Classical Greek world through artefacts from the Antiquities Museum and Australian partner institutions. It invites visitors to enter the playful, mysterious and sometimes dark world of Dionysos and come away with a new appreciation for this complicated god, who is much more than just the god of wine.
Curated by Mr James Donaldson, Dr Janette McWilliam, and Ms Rebecca Smith
Entertaining Dionysos
31 May 2019 6:00pm–8:30pm
in Dionysos: Portrait of a God
Exploring the Influence of Dionysos
26 October 2018 6:00pm–8:00pm
Dionysos: Games Night
20 September 2018 5:30pm–7:30pm
Dionysos: Portrait of a God Opening
29 June 2018 6:00pm
Dionysos: Portrait of a God VIP Preview
29 June 2018 10:00am
Exhibition Preview
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Privacy & Terms of use | Feedback | Updated: 28 May 2020
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About Antrim
Support the Antrim
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Cast/Crew: Maureen McNulty
Maureen is delighted to be on the Antrim stage for the first time as Aimee Blake! Maureen has most recently performed as Elaine Harper in Arsenic and Old Lace, Maggie in Bat Boy, Belinda/Flavia in Noises Off, Mabel Cantwell in The Best Man, and Betty in The Great American Trailer Park Musical, all with Old Library Theatre in Fair Lawn, NJ. Some of her favorite past roles have also included Estelle in No Exit, Carly in reasons to be pretty, Miss Julie in Miss Julie, Dolly in The Matchmaker, Maureen in The Beauty Queen of Leenane, the Chaperone in The Drowsy Chaperone, and Antigone in Antigone. When she is not on stage, Maureen teaches English and Drama to the best students in the world, and directs young adult theater. She has mostly recently directed The Matchmaker, You Can’t Take it with You, Steel Magnolias, and Arsenic and Old Lace at Immaculate Heart Academy. She is currently directing The Curious Savage, going up in November at IHA. She would like to thank the outstanding cast, crew, and production team for all of their hard work and for making this show such a fun experience to be a part of, as well as her wonderful family and friends for their support.
mosaic2020-02-10T16:20:26+00:00
15 Spook Rock Rd.
© Copyright 2020 Antrim Playhouse
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Albertus Kelvin
Machine Learning & Big Data Engineering
Solomon Paradox and Wiser Human Beings
King Solomon, the third leader of the Jewish Kingdom, is considered the nonsuch of wisdom. People travelled a long way just to ask for his exhortation. However, it’s known that his personal life and character are not in line with what his tact looks like to other people. This somewhat becomes a paradox.
Interestingly, such a paradox also emerges in human itself. Igor Grossmann, a psychological scientist at University of Waterloo, has been conducting studies on how human wisdom works. The primary concern is that people tend to reason more wisely about other people’s problems than about their own. What he’s been trying to answer are the reasons why this tendency occurs and how to gain a better capability to reason more wisely about personal problems.
The initial stage on his work was validating that Solomon’s paradox is truly a natural tendency of human’s psychological response. He recruited volunteers who were in a romantic relationship and divide them into two groups. The first group is asked to envisage a condition where they are cheated by their partner. Meanwhile, the second group is asked to conceive a situation where they know that their best friend is cheated.
Afterwards, each volunteer was asked about how he/she would reason about the relationship conflicts. Each volunteer in the first group thought about how he/she would reason about his/her situation. For instance, they might ask something like “Why am I having such a feeling? “ or “What are my thoughts and feelings on this relationship conflicts?”. Meanwhile, the second group also did the same thing yet now in terms of how he/she would reason about the situation happended to his/her best friend. Questions, such as “Why he/she is having such a feeling?” and “What are his/her thoughts and feelings on this problem?” are a few examples.
Based on the experiment, Grossman found that the second group reasons about the problem in a wiser way. The rationale behind such a result was people in the second group would have more psychological distance from the cheating problem.
Having known that psychological distance might be the primary way of achieving the symmetry of wise reasoning, Grossman conducted one more trial. This time, either the conflicts were faced by personal or best friends, half of each group is told to do reasoning from self-perspective. They might ask themselves with the followings: “What are my thoughts and feelings?” or “Why can I have such thoughts and feelings?”. Meanwhile, the other half of each group does the same thing but from third-person perspective (self-distancing). This might be achieved by asking the same questions, yet using “he/she” instead of “I”.
The result? Those who were applying third-person perspective achieved wiser reasoning. This finally shows that self-distancing creates the symmetry in wise reasoning (both for personal and others’ conflicts).
White Noise Time Series
White noise series has the following properties:
Mean equals to zero
Standard deviation is constant
Correlation between lags (lag > 0) is close to zero (each autocorrelation lies within the bound which shows no statistically significant difference from zero)
Kruskal-Wallis Test Statistic Formula Derivation When No Tied Values Exist
In the previous post, I mentioned about the general formula of the H statistic is the following (Source: Wikipedia - Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance):
Hypothesis Testing with the Kruskal-Wallis Test
The Kruskal-Wallis test is a non-parametric statistical test that is used to evaluate whether the medians of two or more groups are different. Since the test is non-parametric, it doesn’t assume that the data comes from a particular distribution.
Gradient Boosting Algorithm for Classification Problem
In the previous post I mentioned about how Gradient Boosting algorithm works for a regression problem.
© 2021 Albertus Kelvin. Powered by Jekyll & AcademicPages, a fork of Minimal Mistakes.
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6 Little-known facts about the history of New Year's
Carlos Dominguez | Unsplash
Sophia Swinford - published on 12/29/17
New Year's Eve hasn't always been champagne and Times Square ...
Most people know the stories behind Christmas and Hanukkah, but have you ever wondered how New Year’s celebrations began? Who decided the year begins in January?
To satisfy your curiosity, here’s a little history of New Year’s in 6 quick facts!
When did it begin? New Year’s has been celebrated since at least 2000 B.C., but not in January. Ancient Mesopotamians celebrated New Year’s in mid-March, and the Greeks celebrated it with the winter solstice. Meanwhile, the Egyptians, Phoenicians, and Persians restarted their calendars at the fall equinox.
The celebration of Akitu. Ancient Babylonians, who also heralded in the new year in mid-March, called this festival Akitu, a word that comes from a Sumerian word for barley, which would have been cut around the same time.
Early Romans left their mark. Early on in its infamous life, Rome designated March 1 as the beginning of the new year, but this calendar consisted of only 10 months. Vestiges of this fact still remain in our calendar today; for example, “September” comes from “septem” which means seven, indicating that it was once the seventh month of the year.
Numa switches it up.The months of January and February were established in 700 B.C. by the second king of Rome, Numa Pontilius. New Year’s day was celebrated on January 1 for the first time in the year 153, a decision that reflected the civil election of Roman officials.
New Year’s gets banned. In Medieval Europe, celebrations of the New Year on January 1 were temporarily outlawed due to possible pagan influence. During this time, the start of the new year was recognized on various days, including Christmas, March 25 — the Feast of the Annunciation — and Easter Sunday.
Even ancient people made resolutions.New Year’s resolutions likely began with the ancient Babylonians, who, with the start of each new year, vowed promises to pay off debt or do some other noble deed in order to please the gods.
Christmas forgiveness: Magic Johnson and Isiah Thomas reconcile after 26 years of bitterness
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How do we support families in providing terminal care in the home? Join the #Confab.
#ConfabNE is a conversation that publishes in 12 Gannett New England newspapers in four states: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. Join the conversation.
A growing trend shows more Americans want to die at home on their own terms surrounded by loved ones.
From 2003 to 2017, at home natural deaths in the U.S. climbed from nearly 24% to 30.7%, while those in hospitals dropped from 40% to 29.8%, according to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine. It's a positive trend for those with terminal illnesses who want to die with their families nearby in familiar and comfortable settings. But are we as a country prepared to support it?
The obstacles to dying at home are immense including the need to provide round-the-clock care, manage pain and other symptoms in a non-medical setting, and high costs for family members. Many Americans can't afford to pay for private caregivers or to take on the burden of constant care for their loved one.
What are the benefits, and best ways, of providing care in the home and how can home care be maintained as long as possible? Should individuals and families have the support to do this? Should our healthcare system provide it?
Share your thoughts below.
Allston/Brighton TAB ~ 1 Speen St., Framingham, MA 01701 ~ Do Not Sell My Personal Information ~ Cookie Policy ~ Do Not Sell My Personal Information ~ Privacy Policy ~ Terms Of Service ~ Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy
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The MDA And The ALS Association Join Forces To Advance ALS Research
by Isaura Santos
The Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) and the ALS Association teamed up to fund a research project with a goal to find a potential therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig’sDisease). Both associations are nonprofit institutions committed to find cures and treatments for ALS, and to provide services to those suffering the debilitating consequences of this fatal disease.
ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the spinal cord and in the brain. People affected with ALS lose their ability to control muscles ending up paralyzed and causes, eventually, their death.
Thanks to the viral movement of the “Ice Bucket Challenge” and to altruism of the the Major League Baseball, $240,000 was awarded to James Shorter, Ph.D., a molecular biologist from the University of Pennsylvania. His research is focused on breaking the protein clumps that are formed around nerve cells in these patients that suffer with ALS. His work offers a deeper understanding of how these protein clusters behave, and may hold the key to possibly finding more effective treatments, if not, a cure for ALS.
“We’re proud to partner with The ALS Association in support of this innovative research, which could provide critical understanding and new therapeutic possibilities to help those fighting ALS. As part of our mission to save and improve lives of those with neuromuscular diseases, we’ve maintained a major focus on funding ALS research and services since the 1950s. We’re determined to strengthen that crucial commitment as we join forces with The ALS Association, working together to accelerate research progress to arrive at definitive therapeutic solutions to benefit those with ALS, their families and caregivers,” said Valerie Cwik, M.D., as it can be read in a press release.
Lucie Bruijn, Ph.D., from The ALS Association added: “We are pleased to work with MDA to fund these studies, which will provide greater insight into the disease process and also offer possible new therapies for ALS.”
In July, $300,000 was awarded to four institutions focused on finding treatments and cures for ALS; right before the enormous “ice-water-over-your-head” initiative.
Tagged ALS, ALS Association, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Ice Bucket Challenge, MDA, Muscular Dystrophy Association.
Previous: BUSM Researcher Receives Award for Work on Protective Protein for ALS
Next:Cytokinetics Presents Latest Data on ALS Drug at International ALS Symposium
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Exhibition: ‘Arnold Kramer: Domestic Scenes’ at Joseph Bellows Gallery, La Jolla, California
Categories: American, american photographers, beauty, documentary photography, exhibition, existence, gallery website, intimacy, landscape, light, memory, photographic series, photography, psychological, reality, space, time and works on paper
Tags: American art, american artist, American interiors, American photography, American urban photography, Americurbana, Arnold Kramer, Arnold Kramer Interior view, Arnold Kramer: Domestic Scenes, black and white photographs, domestic scenes, fine art photography, flash photography, frontal views of rooms, gelatin silver print, Interior view, Joseph Bellows Gallery, Message From the Interior, minor white, Walker Evans, Walker Evans Message From the Interior
Exhibition dates: 15th February – 12th April 2019
Arnold Kramer (American, 1944-2017)
I really like these.
While I disagree with some of the statements in the press release – I don’t see much Minor White in these photographs except for the occasional door/window, some small whiteness in these photographs, and his negatives aren’t that good – these photographs evidence Arnold Kramer’s unique way of seeing the world.
A dash of Walker Evans, a little Lewis Baltz (with the added smooth high values and distinct cool drama of a cold light head enlarger), a bit of Diane Arbus and her settings, and very much New Topographics for the interior space, they capture an original vision of these domestic scenes.
It’s the concept, high key, light, use of flash, wide angle lens and clinical presence that gets me in. As the press release correctly observes, “Kramer has a unique way of creating a three dimensional scene within the sheet of a two dimensional photographic paper: In his photographs of rooms, objects and patterns that can appear to look haphazard and random are flattened out and pieced together to create a marvellous kind of collage effect.”
This piecing together can be seen in the last photograph in the posting, where I analyse Kramer’s construction of pictorial space. He loves shapes thrusting in from the bottom of the image, or falling from the top, creating this complex assemblage flattened on the page. Very frontal, formal, banal as beauty (or the other way round), structured.
Ralph Gibson says: “I’m lucky to have a subconscious really” – Weston, Evans, and White can join in on that. But not Kramer. He doesn’t need the subconscious… for these images, with their paired back aesthetic, are almost scientific in their analytical probing. It’s as though the subconscious has been banished to be replaced by the cerebral.
A gesture of denial and concern at one and the same time – denial of the actual human inhabitants, and concern for their in/habitation – their habits and habitats.
Many thankx to Joseph Bellows Gallery for allowing me to publish the photographs in the posting. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image.
These black and white photographs, with their sharp eye for the pattern and details of domestic settings, established Kramer as a distinct talent whose avoidance of “romantic bombast” and “emphasis on formal clarity,” made his pictures particularly fresh, when they were exhibited by Jane Livingston at the Corcoran Gallery of Art in 1978. In their emphasis on emotionally restrained, frontal views of rooms they look back and reference the work of Walker Evans, especially Evans’ Message From the Interior. In their attention to pattern and line as visual motifs within everyday spaces, he reveals his bond with another 20th century photographic master, his mentor Minor White.
Kramer has a unique way of creating a three dimensional scene within the sheet of a two dimensional photographic paper: In his photographs of rooms, objects and patterns that can appear to look haphazard and random are flattened out and pieced together to create a marvellous kind of collage effect. “I try to strike a balance between commitment to craft and commitment to seeing,” Kramer once explained.
The impact of this thinking is evident in his seductive series of interiors, which began with pictures made in the Baltimore home of his wife’s parents. The range of interiors expanded to include settings in homes of friends, family and others that spanned Baltimore, Washington and his hometown of Boston/Cambridge.
“These places transcend their own banality to become rather fabulously beautiful,” Kramer aptly asserted. For Kramer, meeting Minor White was pivotal. He enrolled in one of White’s classes while earning a Master’s Degree in Electric Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (completed in 1968). On the basis of some pictures he had made for his high school yearbook, White allowed him to enter his advanced class in photography at M.I.T. and ultimately became Kramer’s mentor. He studied with White for five years beginning in 1967 and it was White’s insistence that his students strive for original vision in their work as much as excellent technique that was crucial to Kramer’s development as an artist.
He was the recipient of fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts in both 1975 and 1979. From 1970 until 1981, Kramer was on the faculty of the School of Architecture at the University of Maryland, teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in still photography. During the 1980s, he also had a flourishing practice as an architectural and commercial photographer in Washington, D.C. He has served on the staff of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum since 1987, heading up its Information Office and overseeing its technological initiatives for exhibitions and national outreach, as well as creating photographs for its archives and exhibits. Among collections in which Arnold Kramer is represented include: Birmingham Museum of Art, Corcoran Gallery of Art, National Museum of American Art, Addison Gallery of American Art and The Baltimore Museum of Art.
Press release from the Joseph Bellows Gallery Cited 04/03/2019
Arnold Kramer picture construction graphic
Joseph Bellows Gallery
7661 Girrard Avenue
Tuesday – Friday, 10am – 5pm, and Saturday by appointment
Joseph Bellows Gallery website
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| ERROR: type should be string, got "https://apnews.com/article/5e65c322ef3e49a7875c11ecd433c7f8\nNC State Wire\nTrump challenges legitimacy of election\nBy JILL COLVINOctober 15, 2016 GMT\nRepublican presidential candidate Donald Trump speaks during a campaign rally, Saturday, Oct. 15, 2016, in Portsmouth, N.H. (AP Photo/ Evan Vucci)\nPORTSMOUTH, N.H. (AP) — A beleaguered Donald Trump sought to undermine the legitimacy of the U.S. presidential election on Saturday, pressing unsubstantiated claims the contest is rigged against him, vowing anew to jail Hillary Clinton if he’s elected and throwing in a baseless insinuation his rival was on drugs in the last debate.\nNot even the country’s more than two centuries of peaceful transitions of political leadership were sacrosanct as Trump accused the media and the Clinton campaign of conspiring against him to undermine a free and fair election.\n“The election is being rigged by corrupt media pushing completely false allegations and outright lies in an effort to elect her president,” he said, referring to the several women who have come forward in recent days to say that Trump had groped or sexually assaulted them. He has denied the claims, calling the women liars.\nEarlier Saturday, Trump took to Twitter to warn that “100% fabricated and made-up charges, pushed strongly by the media and the Clinton Campaign, may poison the minds of the American Voter. FIX!”\n“Hillary Clinton should have been prosecuted and should be in jail,” he added. “Instead she is running for president in what looks like a rigged election.”\nIn a country with a history of peaceful political transition, his challenge to the election’s legitimacy — as a way to explain a loss in November, should that happen — was a striking rupture of faith in American democracy. Trump has repeatedly claimed without offering evidence that election fraud is a serious problem and encouraged his largely white supporters to “go and watch” polling places in certain areas to make sure things are “on the up and up.”\nPeter Kostruba, a Trump supporter who traveled to his Portsmouth rally from Barnet, Vermont, with his 10-year-old son, said he’s not expecting riots to break out if Clinton wins, but he sees sharper divisions in the country.\n“It definitely feels like the odds are stacked, whether it’s the legal system or the voter system,” Kostruba said. “I don’t think you’re going to see all of this group here arm themselves and mobilize, but, you know, we’re probably not too many years away from that if things keep going the way we’re going.”\nOn a similar theme, a prominent Trump supporter who spoke at the GOP convention last summer, Sheriff David Clarke Jr. of Wisconsin’s Milwaukee County, tweeted Saturday: “It’s incredible that our institutions of gov, WH, Congress, DOJ, and big media are corrupt & all we do is bitch. Pitchforks and torches time.” Clarke, an elected Democrat, illustrated his tweet with a photo showing angry people with clubs and torches.\nHouse Speaker Paul Ryan, whose decision not to campaign for Trump angered the GOP nominee, made clear he does not share the candidate’s concern about the election’s legitimacy.\n“Our democracy relies on confidence in election results, and the speaker is fully confident the states will carry out this election with integrity,” said AshLee Strong, speaking for him.\nIt was not the first time Trump has raised the idea the election is unfairly tilted against him, but it has become a resurgent theme for the New York billionaire and many of his supporters in the past several days as he’s slipped in preference polls and faced allegations of sexual misconduct.\nAs well, campaign money is tight, at least in comparison with his rival’s resources, according to information that pre-dates the release of a 2005 video that showed him bragging about imposing himself on women.\nTrump began this month with $75 million in his campaign and joint party accounts, he said Saturday in a statement. That’s exactly half of what the Clinton team said it had on hand — a worrisome financial disadvantage for the Republican side.\nThere was trouble in Ohio, too, where Trump severed ties with the state’s Republican Party chairman, Matt Borges, who had become openly critical of the nominee at times. That crack in unity comes in a critical battleground state, where Republican Gov. John Kasich is also not behind Trump.\nTrump’s tribulations and accusations overshadowed the release Saturday of yet more emails hacked from accounts of Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta, laying bare aspects of the campaign’s internal deliberations.\nThe latest batch showed the campaign worrying whether Sen. Elizabeth Warren might endorse Bernie Sanders, wrestling with how to respond to revelations about her private email use, and lining up materials to respond to fresh accusations from Juanita Broaddrick, who accused Bill Clinton of raping her decades ago. He denied the rape accusation, which was never adjudicated by a criminal court.\nTrump also suggested Saturday that Clinton had been on drugs during the last debate and challenged his rival to a drug test before the final debate Wednesday.\nInstead of spending the weekend preparing, he said, “I think she’s actually getting pumped up, you want to know the truth.”\n“I think we should take a drug test prior to the debate, ’cause I don’t know what’s going on with her,” he said. “But at the beginning of her last debate, she was all pumped up at the beginning. And at the end, it was like ... she could barely even reach her car.”\nTrump offered no evidence to support the bizarre claim. Nothing about Clinton’s demeanor in the debate suggested she was under the influence.\nAssociated Press writers Julie Bykowicz and Josh Lederman contributed to this report from Washington.\nThis story has been updated to correct the name of Paul Ryan’s spokeswoman, AshLee Strong."
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Deaths in custody in Australia to 30 June 2011
Mathew Lyneham,
Australian Institute of Criminology
Human rights Deaths in custody Australia
apo-nid34267.pdf 4.65 MB
Compiled for two decades by the Australian Institute of Criminology, this report found both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous rates of deaths in custody have decreased over the last decade and are now some of the lowest ever seen (0.16 per 100 Indigenous prisoners and 0.22 per 100 non-Indigenous prisoners in 2010–11). For the last eight years in a row, the Indigenous rate of death in prison has been lower than the equivalent non-Indigenous rate.
While Indigenous prisoners continue to be statistically less likely to die in custody than non-Indigenous prisoners, there is a concerning trend emerging, as the actual number of Indigenous deaths in prison are rising again, with 14 in 2009-10 which is equal to the highest on record.
More concerning still is that over the 20 years since the Royal Commission, the proportion of prisoners that are Indigenous has almost doubled from 14% in 1991 to 26% in 2011.
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Applied Unificationism
A Blog of Unification Theological Seminary
Marriage & the Family
UTS and FFWPU Links
Unification Theological Seminary
FFWPU International HQ
FFWPU-USA
About the AU Blog
Contact Us / Send Submissions
The Basis for a Constitution
By Alison Wakelin
New times require new thought.
Western Unificationists cannot simply offer the U.S. Constitution as a model constitution for Cheon Il Guk because it is based on a worldview that increasingly reflects the way Americans used to think, not the way we would like to think in the future. It defines life in terms of ownership of material resources and the overarching need to escape the oppression of authoritarian leadership. More human rights-based thinking crept in over the years, but was relegated to the Bill of Rights that is supplementary to the Constitution itself.
The proper order for a healthy society is the reverse. The original purpose of life and identity of a human being should be the primary thrust of a constitution, while the regrettable need for some governmental authority and control should become secondary.
It could be argued that the rights outlined in the Bill of Rights are so obvious they don’t need verbal expression. To young people they probably are.
However, we see much evidence in today’s society that competing in the marketplace and living subject to the many and proliferating instruments of governmental regulation and control has produced a population that lives defensively. Society is finding self-preservation so burdensome that there is little room to care actively for human rights on a larger scale. Those who have been successful in the financial world tend to speak of their own rights much more than of the needs of others, and tend to see poverty as a sign of failure more than anything else.
Constitutional rights have become legal rights, and the legal world dominates modern economic life. Without a wide, encompassing basis for a constitution, it is inevitable that the restrictions will eventually become part of everyday life via a system of laws and societal institutions.
Therefore, it is essential to broaden the Constitution to embrace growth and the freedoms commensurate with our much greater technological and scientific knowledge.
We find ourselves in a society where so much is based on laws and the legal system, yet the quality of legal help is circumscribed by access, typically confined to the wealthy. How burdensome it must be to a corporation to have to keep a team of lawyers, at huge expense, to manage their existence. What a waste of productive energy and creativity that could have been applied to research into better products or services! In a world where we are largely beyond the need to labor constantly to produce goods and services, a corporation can be more financially successful by judiciously managing its relationship to government and the banks than by producing more and better goods. The Founding Fathers could not have foreseen such a development.
The U.S. Constitution, so essential for the creation of a society with basic freedoms, nonetheless now leaves us powerless to manifest the deep desire of the population to overcome the widening economic inequality and deepening poverty (in a nation that has dominated the world economically for decades), unprecedented government surveillance of its own people, overflowing jails filled with the mentally ill as well as our disenfranchised youth, etc. The real issue is that what is only part of life has been taken too often to be the whole, even to the extent of the Founders permitting slavery because it fit within their worldview that overemphasized the importance of property.
However, there is nothing wrong with the values expressed in our Constitution that reprioritizing cannot put right. We want the future to be one of trust and cooperation, but there is still a need to keep watch on governments in case individuals with power complexes start to take over. We would like equality and general empowerment rather than a competition for survival, but we know that taking from the rich to give to the poor is a recipe for resentment and blame.
We require a new relationship with the natural world and with each other that guides us towards stewardship and sustainability, and yet still enables personal growth, freedom and adventure in life. This cannot be found within the current Constitution, due primarily to the overriding necessity the Founding Fathers felt to define a realm of freedom in a world where it was almost universally denied. Now, however, we cannot hope to have freedom without universal economic freedom and universal human rights.
The time is right for us to enter a process that leads us eventually to a definition of life as a basis for a new constitution.
For a Unificationist, this step should not be too challenging, since we have already seen the transformational power of a statement of a new, greater identity within our lives. Human beings have the capacity to grow into the highest vision of their identity of which they can conceive by making appropriate choices. And we are now at that point where we need to make a transition to a united whole, as evidenced by the efforts to arrive at a constitution for the Cheon Il Guk era.
A panel session from the “Public Hearing on the Cheon Il Guk Constitution” held on July 23-24, 2013 at the Cheongshim Graduate School of Theology in Korea.
We need a constitution that emphasizes what it means to be a post-Foundation Day human being, not one that preserves the old approach of defining property relations and stating the chain of command. Mature adults should make decisions for themselves rather than look to an outside authority. If we cannot claim that we now have the right to be regarded as trusted adults, then we will never have that right.
Of course not everyone is mature, and we cannot simply abandon the necessity for a judicial system. But we can put these things into their proper place, not as a rule of law by which we should forever remain dominated and restricted.
Therefore, I offer eight points which I believe are a starting point for the primary definition of a society which manifests a post-Foundation Day Cheon Il Guk, and which will also apply to the larger world in which Cheon Il Guk will play a part.
Eight fundamental areas to be addressed in a healthy society are:
All people at birth inherit the right to receive parental love and nurturing, leading to growth and development towards self-actualization. In this process, responsibility is gradually transferred from the parent to the child.
All people at birth inherit the right to ownership of enough of the created world to guarantee survival; all people also inherit the responsibility to guarantee this same right to all other people.
All people at birth inherit the right to education to the level at which they will be able to continue to pursue their own education as they choose, be able to fulfill their role as citizens of the world, and participate in all decisions pertaining to the society in which they live.
Society functions to support the creative endeavors of all adults, in the context of their fulfilling their basic responsibilities to the whole, facilitating, not hindering, people’s innovative ideas and entrepreneurship so they can be co-creators.
A justice system is focused on rehabilitation and reconciliation, not punishment for its own sake.
Leadership is a position of service towards the whole. A true leader is the one who creates the most leaders, and who creates the most opportunities for growth and fulfillment for all people.
All people are born with the right to live within a clean and healthy environment, and have an equal responsibility for preservation of the planet for future generations.
A happy society encourages healthy relationships, with particular emphasis on marriage practices. Heart will rule all relationships.
Rights cannot be claimed without responsibility for their fulfillment being assigned, but in the case of a defining constitution, acceptance of such rights assumes that responsibility lies with the whole. These questions can arise in designing the constitution. There are clearly many ways in which such basic rights can be assured by community-level agreement, and the least restrictive terms should be used within a constitutional document to allow for individual creativity and insight in its implementation.
Once a society has covered every facet of human life by a system of rules, it is most likely time to start over on a new constitution. Such is the nature of human beings.♦
Alison Wakelin (UTS Class of 1989) has a M.A. in Astrophysics from Princeton University, and is currently a Senior Lecturer in Physics and Astronomy at Widener University in Chester, PA. Previously, she lived and worked in Korea for ten years.
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Governance, Religion & Spirituality, Unificationism
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10 thoughts on “The Basis for a Constitution”
Stephen Henkin says:
As soon as the author of this piece wrote in the opening paragraph, “…not the way we would like to think in the future,” I found myself compelled to ask: “Just how are we all supposed to think in the future?” Are we really creating a brave new world where everyone will all think the same way? What a scary thought that is. Then I looked at the photo provided of the Public Hearing on the Cheon Il Guk Constitution, which showed a governing panel of six Korean men; not a single woman, Korean or otherwise, or even someone international. I guess such homogeneous CIG leadership goes a long way in promoting the concept that everyone should think the same in the future world. If so, what an interesting place that will be.
David Freeland says:
I wonder whose thoughts and ideas are even considered in creating and designing the constitution. Furthermore, once things are decided, who will be willing to submit themselves to being accountable to it and what would that process of being held accountable look like? Would there be room for change as we progress and evolve as people? What would be the enrollment process and experience for those who haven’t heard about the constitution? Where in the existing world could this constitution be upheld and implemented? Who would govern over it? How would it be enforced and by who?
Gordon Anderson says:
One of the most important points to glean from this essay is that modern societies are complex and that many forces are at work that must be harmonized: freedom, the need for family, leadership that is responsible, the sustainability of the environment, etc. Some of these points, the more unchanging ones, should be in a constitution, and others are more appropriate to an ongoing body of legislation. It is not good to put actual legislation into a constitution, but the constitution should structure the flow of power, embody core principles, and guarantee basic rights.
Things begin to break down when one principle of governance gets pushed to the exclusion of others — you get reductionism. Political systems based on reductionism (like Marxism) end up killing lots of people because the existing system is based on a complex array of principles that evolved over a long period of time. This is why each country should begin a transformation from where it is, gradually aligning its present system with good principles of governance.
In most cases a new constitution can be a modification of the existing one, to eliminate areas where corruption and abuse of power occurs systemically. Then individual laws should be passed to check specific forms of corruption — e.g., Medicare fraud. And, the thousands of laws that cause corruption (and in the case of the U.S. Constitution, the Amendments that cause corruption) should be repealed one by one. This transformative approach enables life to get better than what it is each day without causing a systemic collapse in which masses of people may die or are killed.
Robert Pickell says:
I will comment directly on the eight points. The words “the right” run throughout these points. As I reflect on the phrasing and usage, it comes across to me as a demand, rather than a statement of being. When you start with demands it is only a short step to imposing your will and viewpoint on others.
Still these points have merit in that people do realize the world is not ideal and needs related to these eight points must be met or solved for an ideal world to manifest itself. I will take point one as an example of what I see as missing. It states:
This is only true if born of God’s lineage and ideal. Otherwise, there is no right. This is a consequence of the fall of man. For this point to be met you absolutely need ideal (True) parents. Now if you have ideal parents, what need is there to state this in a ‘constitution’ as this would live and be expressed in the actions and heart of the parents.
Fundamentally, you can say nearly the same for the rest of the points. These premises only stand if there are ideal parents and the desire to fulfill God’s three blessings. This is accomplished through families. This is the reason Satan (enemy of God) has sought to destroy the family since the time of the fall of man. I see the focus on the CIG constitution (or any constitution) as something that consumes the energies, time, and hearts of people, distracting them from the real focal point of God’s ideal, the family. There will never be a document that can express or realize the ideal world better then a family that lives, breathes, and functions to fulfill the three blessings and return joy to God.
Without God’s lineage there is no foundation for love. Without God’s love, there is no chance for peace in the heart. Without peace in the heart, it is impossible to create an ideal world. The “Kingdom of God” comes without signs to be observed, since it comes from within, not from without.
Normally a nation comes first, then the founding fathers (let’s include founding mothers too) start a government. Then a constitution is produced after long discussion among all the parties involved.
The U.S. Constitution was largely based on the Bible, but was corrupted over many years, but still is a must foundation to start on if done correctly. A constitution should be undertaken thoughtfully over time and be something that serves all equally, not something that has a short-term time limit, now everybody step in line. But, we are missing the first step: a nation. We are engaging in an interesting thought process, but there is a saying about not putting the cart before the horse.
Randall Casseday says:
Reflecting on Alison’s essay on the whole, I was particularly focused on where she defined the legal system as it is today in the US. The system of justice in the US, for example, operates on concept of “punishment” rather than rehabilitation. Punishment is akin to Old Testament “eye for an eye” philosophy, which is an underlying principle of a corrupted legal system operating in the US. Many in education circles and think tanks suspect this is a complicated result of politicians usurping public moneys to build jails and prisons in their constituents’ districts, resulting in jobs and money flowing to businesses/vendors supporting these institutions.
US Code actually defines the purpose of prison by codifying the “punishment rather than rehabilitation” philosophy. Punishment is written into law. Civil lawsuits follow this philosophy and have resulted in huge compensatory and punitive damage awards to people undeserving of the disparity of the reward vs. the wrong. Civil rights have been twisted into the rights of those who scream the loudest, rather than equalizing rights for all. We all must accept the invasion of one’s personal opinions upon our own life so this person’s feelings will not be hurt (prayer in school for example). Alison’s analysis of the legal system is correct, and this topic is being debated now in legal and social circles as whether the US has been dealing fairly with those deemed “errants”. Certain arrests and prosecutions in the US system of justice, according to the FBI, have increased by more than 2,500% since 1999. There is room for miles of improvements not only in the legal/justice system, but in each and every aspect of this society.
So, how will the Constitution of Cheon Il Guk address the disparity of justice, both criminal and civil? Obviously, public safety is the number one concern, the number one priority that drives the way that the legal and justice system will be structured and operate, and this will evolve in a positive direction as humanity’s spiritual senses begin to heal and rejuvenate/regenerate. Once the masses, in a higher relationship with God and the Universe in coming generations, realize that the primitive system of justice operating in all societies today is not only obsolete but destructive to social growth, then it will move toward a system that values restoration, rehabilitation, and reasonable compensation for injury (unlike jackpot jury awards) based on making the injured whole. The crime rate in the US has been slowly dropping for the past 10 or so years, and some argue that the lawbreakers have been put away for good: a sentence of decades for simple drug possession charges, for instance. In Cheon Il Guk, can people of conscience throw away a human being because of disgust with that person’s imperfections?
The points made are ripe for debate and discussion. My argument here covers only one topic, yet as we move toward perfecting a Constitution based on Rev. Dr. Moon’s direct guidance on how the Constitution should be framed and written, the public debate and input will add to the sacred value of an instrument that should be derived from Heaven.
Alison Wakelin says:
I think what we see in the justice system today is a clear manifestation of the archangelic aspects of the American/Western character.
I like the passage from F. David Peat’s essay, “Blackfoot Physics and European Minds“:
“Take as an example, Blackfoot justice. What we would term a crime is, to many indigenous people, a disruption of the harmonious working of their society. Rather than approaching this disorder in terms of adversarial trial, proof, guilt and punishment, a circle of elders meet with the aggrieved party and perpetrator. Discussion within this circle is not so much designed to establish the factuality of what has occurred but rather it seeks a way of restoring balance. Thus the perpetrator may be asked to suggest some action that would satisfy all parties. Finally, when everyone is again in a balanced relationship the decision is made public.”
The early settlers in this country buried this model, but the thinking of indigenous peoples is undergoing a renaissance these days. I foresee something healthy emerging from embracing both models. I would like to see the involvement of community elders, both men and women, in creating a justice system that works in their community based on the principles of restoration, reconciliation and rehabilitation.
John Redmond says:
I am glad to see original thinking injected into the debate. I think a constitution describes a healthy political body, just as a medical book describes a healthy physical body.
In a family, the rights Alison describes are assumed; food, clothing and shelter and some education are given to all, regardless of ability. Some families fail to manage the gradual transition from a child who receives to an adult who takes responsibility, and they end up with a 30 year old in the basement. To Robert’s point, only True People can write a True Constitution (I use True as Rev. Moon did — correct angle, vertical).
It seems to me that a constitution needs a bill of responsibilities to complement the Bill of Rights. If we add that, we can evolve our culture toward CIG. I would not object to a constitution that guaranteed minimal food, clothing and shelter to all if it was accompanied by an enforceable expectation of responsibility.
I really like your example of a medical book describing a healthy body. This goes to the point that the governments and founding documents are merely reflections (results) of God’s ideal, which starts and exists in true families. Those documents and institutions merely clearly describe the ideal. They do not create it. The family is the fundamental basis for God’s ideal and power.
David Eaton says:
Several points caught my attention. For one, justice is not the highest mode of conflict resolution or restitution — true love is. Justice is important but not the ultimate solution because not everyone wins before the law. There are winners and losers in any litigation. Gordon Anderson pointed to the issue of complexity in our modern world. Indeed, Adam Smith, F.A. Hayek, Thomas Sowell and others posit that in a world of 7 billion people and multiple cultural spheres and customs, there is too much diversity of circumstances to find a single remedy that can cure all of our ills in one fell swoop without a huge cost. Historically, when that has been attempted in Russia, China, Cuba, and N. Korea, the cost has been the loss of freedom and the implementation of totalitarianism.
Without first establishing a successful model that others would want to emulate and adopt, the dream of an ideal world will remain a hope more than the realization of that hope. In the peace messages that Father left us, he spoke of “creating the conditions for natural surrender.” This remains a central issue and why “Applied Unificationism” is, and should be, a significant aspect of our work, whether in education, economics, culture (three topics that Dr. Mose Durst has written insightful books about), media, politics, environment, etc. Triumphalism based on any religious precept (only we have the way!) will never get us to the point of “natural surrender” with those who we hope will come around to understanding that “our way” has tremendous value in the pursuit of a culture of peace.
Freedom of choice is no small matter because as DP clearly states, without freedom we never get to the point where we can achieve the three blessings and become co-creators.
I agree with Alison that contemporary society’s preoccupation with the marketplace (Marx and Adorno called it “a commodity fetish”) is a huge problem that mitigates attempts to bring spirituality into the equation via the actualization of true love. In my work in the arts, almost all of my successes in the past decade (in Europe, Asia, Israel, South America, at the UN, with orchestras in the U.S, “Saturday Night Live,” the History Channel, TV spots for NY State) have been the result of having served the musicians and producers I’ve become acquainted with and then served or assisted their needs. I dare say that in our own sphere this needs to be more evident. Only then will others want to become associated with us and have there own epiphanies about “our way.”
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Reflections on Dr. Hak Jan Han Moon’s Memoir, “Mother of Peace” November 9, 2020
A New Way of Thinking About “Church” October 12, 2020
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A Unificationist’s Reflection on the Legacy of Rep. John Lewis August 17, 2020
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The COVID-19 Pandemic and America June 22, 2020
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The Marriage Has Come: Holy Wedding and Holy Community June 1, 2020
A Response to Andrew Wilson’s Article on the Only Begotten Daughter May 11, 2020
Sun Myung Moon, Spiritual Virtuoso April 27, 2020
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NLW Archives and Manuscripts
David Parry., 1 results 1
William Phylip and others., 1 results 1
Taliesin -- Prophecies -- Early works to 1800, 2 results 2
Merlin (Legendary character) -- Prophecies -- Early works to 1800., 2 results 2
Cadog, Sant, fl. ca. 450, 2 results 2
Charlemagne, Emperor, 742-814 -- Early works to 1800, 1 results 1
Parry, David, 1682?-1714, 1 results 1
Philip, William, fl. 1646, 1 results 1
Jones, William, 1726-1795, 1 results 1
Geraint Fardd Glas, 9 cent., 1 results 1
Prophecies -- Early works to 1800., 4 results 4
Manuscripts, Welsh -- Wales, 4 results 4
Welsh poetry -- 1100-1400, 3 results 3
Welsh poetry -- To 1100, 3 results 3
Welsh poetry -- Early modern, 1550-1700, 2 results 2
Triads (Literature), 1 results 1
Repository Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru = The National Library of Wales National Library of Wales/ Lyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru
Level of description Cyfres / Series Cyfres = Series Ffeil / File Ffeil = File File file File file Fonds fonds Is-fonds / Sub-fonds Is-fonds = Sub-fonds Is-is-fonds / Sub-sub-fonds Item Item item item Part Series Series series series Sub-fonds Sub-fonds sub-fonds sub-fonds Sub-series Sub-series Sub-series Sub-sub-fonds Sub-sub-fonds sub-sub-fonds sub-sub-fonds Sub-sub-series Sub-sub-sub-fonds Sub-sub-sub-fonds Sub-sub-sub-fonds Sub-sub-sub-fonds Sub-sub-sub-series Subseries
Copies from the Red Book of Hergest,
Llanstephan MS 148 [RESTRICTED ACCESS].
Part of Llanstephan Manuscripts
Copies made from the Red Book of Hergest by David Parry in 1697 (see f. 202), written mostly on one side only. The volume contains De Carolo Magno (ff. 7-77); Historia Caroli Magni (ff. 78-91); Imago Mundi (ff. 91-98); Brief Chronicle (f. 98 = col...
David Parry.
Poetry, prophecies, &c.,
[c. 1600].
A manuscript containing poetry, prophecies, 'histories', etc. and including 'Kynghorev Kattwn ddoeth ar bardd glas or gadeir' (pp. 27-29). The poets cited include Taliesin, Iolo Goch, Siôn Cent and Lewys Morganwg.The text begin...
Prophecies,
A manuscript containing prophecies in prose and verse and including alleged prophecies of Myrddin and Taliesin and the works of Iolo Goch, Dafydd Llwyd and Rhys Nanmor.The text at p. 39b is said to be 'copied out of the Chronicle of Guttun Ow...
[c. 1646] /
A miscellaneous collection of prophecies, etc. in prose and verse (including those of Myrddin and Taliesin), probably in the hand of William Phylip. There is a table of contents by Richard Morris at the beginning, written April 1748 for William Jo...
William Phylip and others.
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Papers of Ethel Martha Hatchard nee Smith
Bookmark:https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb366-eh
Institute of Education Library and Archives, University College London
GB 366 EH
Hatchard | Ethel Martha | 1891-1983 | nee Smith | teacher
Small group of papers reflecting the career of a woman teacher who combined teaching with family commitments in the first half of the twentieth-century. Personalia relating to her education and career, including school reports, correspondence re courses attended, letters of appointment, documents relating to pension arrangements, examination papers, and a ms career outline. Also included are a notebook from North London Collegiate School for Girls, containing notes from needlework lessons, 1907 and examples of teaching materials for reading and arithmetic, c.1950s.
Ethel Hatchard was born in 1891 and educated at the North London Collegiate School for Girls, where she held a London County Council (LCC) scholarship between 1906 and 1908. She was also awarded a bursary to train as a teacher but did not take this up, owing to the death of her mother. In 1916 she took an intensive course for teachers of young children run by the LCC at the City of London College, Moorfields. Between 1916 and 1917 she taught at the Infants' Department of London Fields School, Hackney, London, resigning to become a full-time mother. She succeeded in the preliminary examination for the [teachers'] certificate in 1919. She taught at a private school, 1927-1928 and gave lessons in singing and pianoforte from 1930-1936, returning to teaching 'at the first opportunity' at Rayleigh Infants' School, Essex where she taught from 1936 onwards. She was granted leave of absence to attend a one-year course for unqualified teachers at Wall Hall Training College, 1950-1951 and she continued teaching into the 1950s. She died in 1983.
Open, subject to signature of Reader Application Form.
Acquisition Information
Philip Gillett, the executor of the will of Ethel Hatchard's daughter, sent the papers to the National Primary Education Archive, Bishop Grosseteste College, as a gift in May 2000. They were forwarded on to the Institute by the Archivist at the College, Guenever Moyes.
Electronic and paper catalogues.
Used IoE online catalogue and 2002 Genesis description. Submitted to Archives Hub as part of the Genesis 2009 Project.
Conditions Governing Use
A reader wishing to publish any quotation of information, including pictorial, derived from any archive material must apply in writing for prior permission from the Archivist or other appropriate person(s) as indicated by the Archivist. A limited number of photocopies may be supplied at the discretion of the Archivist.
Women teachers
Hatchard Ethel Martha 1891-1983 teacher
North London Collegiate School for Girls
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Linda Mobile Phones Tips
Using a mobile phone for more than 10 years increases the risk of getting brain cancer, according to the most comprehensive study of the risks yet published.
The study which contradicts official pronouncements that there is no danger of getting the disease found that people who have had the phones for a decade or more are twice as likely to get a malignant tumour on the side of the brain where they hold the handset.
The studies confirm that cell and cordless phone microwave can:
Damage nerves in the scalp
Cause blood cells to leak hemoglobin
Cause memory loss and mental confusion
Cause headaches and induce extreme fatigue
Create joint pain, muscle spasms and tremors
Create burning sensation and rash on the skin
Alter the brain’s electrical activity during sleep
Induce ringing ! in the ears, impair sense of smell
Precipitate cataracts, retina damage and eye cancer
Open the blood-brain barrier to viruses and toxins
Reduce the number and efficiency of white blood cells
Stimulate asthma by producing histamine in mast cells
Cause digestive problems and raise bad cholesterol levels
Stress the endocrine system, especially pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, testes.
The scientists who conducted the research say using a mobile for just an hour every working day during that period is enough to increase the risk and that the international standard used to protect users from the radiation emitted is not safe and needs to be revised.
They conclude that caution is needed in the use of mobile phones and believe children, who are especially vulnerable, should be discouraged from using them at all.
Cancers take at least 10 years and normally much longer to develop but, as mobile phones have spread so recently and rapidly, relatively few people have been using them that long.
Official assurances that the phones are safe have been based on research that has, at best, included only a few people who have been exposed to the radiation for long enough to get the disease, and are therefore of little or no value in assessing the real risk.
The new study headed by two Swedes, Professor Lennart Hardell of the University Hospital in Orebro and Professor Kjell Hansson Mild of Umea University, who also serves on the MTHR programme’s management committee goes some way to meeting the deficiency.
The scientists pulled together the results of the 11 studies that have so far investigated the occurrence of tumours in people who have used phones for more than a decade, drawing on research in Sweden, Denmark Finland, Japan, Germany, the United States and Britain. They found almost all had discovered an increased risk, especially on the side of the head where people listened to their handsets.
Five of the six studies of malignant gliomas, cancers of the glial cells that support and protect the nerve cells, found an increased risk. The only one that did not still found an increase in benign gliomas. Four of the five studies that looked at acoustic neuromas benign but often disabling tumours on the auditory nerve, which usually cause deafness found them. The exception was based on only two cases of the disease, but still found that long-term users had larger tumours than other people.
The scientists assembled the findings of all the studies to analyse them collectively. This revealed that people who have used their phones for a decade or more are 20 per cent more likely to contract acoustic neuromas, and 30 per cent more likely to get malignant gliomas.
The risk is even greater on the side of the head the handset is used: long-term users were twice as likely to get the gliomas, and two and a half times more likely to get the acoustic neuromas there than other people.
The scientists conclude: Results from present studies on use of mobile phones for more than 10 years give a consistent pattern of an increased risk for acoustic neuroma and glioma. They add that “an increased risk for other types of brain tumours cannot be ruled out.
Professors Hardell and Mild have also themselves carried out some of the most extensive original work into tumours among long-term mobile phone users and have come up with even more alarming results. Their research suggests they are more than three times more likely to get malignant gliomas than other people, and nearly five times more likely to get them on the side of the head where they held the phone. For acoustic neuromas they found a threefold and three-and-a-half-fold increased risk respectively.
They have also carried out the only study into the effects of the long-term use of cordless phones, and found this also increased both kinds of tumours. Their research suggests that using a mobile or cordless phone for just 2,000 hours less than an hour every working day for 10 years is enough to augment the risk.
Professor Mild told The Independent on Sunday: I find it quite strange to see so many official presentations saying that there is no risk. There are strong indications that something happens after 10 years.He stressed that brain cancers are rare: they account for less than 2 per cent of primary tumours in Britain, though they are disproportionately deadly, causing 7 per cent of the years of life lost to the disease. Every cancer is one too many, he said.
He said he uses a mobile phone as little as possible, and urges others to use hands-free equipment and make only short calls, reserving longer ones for landlines. He also said that mobiles should not be given to children, whose thinner skulls and developing nervous systems make them particularly vulnerable.
The danger may be even greater than the new study suggests for, as Professor Mild says, 10 years is the minimum period needed by cancers to develop. As they normally take much longer, very many more would be likely to strike long-term users after 15, 20 or 30 years which leads some to fear that an epidemic of the disease could develop in the coming decades, particularly among today’s young people.
On the other hand, the professor points out that the amount of radiation emitted by phones has decreased greatly since the first ones came on the market more than a decade ago, which suggests that exposures and risks should also be falling. But he still recommended choosing phones that give out as little radiation as possible (see below), and pointed out that people are now also exposed to many other sources of radiation, such as masts and Wi-Fi systems, though these emit much less than mobile handsets.
Britain’s official Health Protection Agency which has taken a cautious view of claims that radiation from mobile phones, their masts and Wi-Fi installations can damage health admits that the study may be indicative of a risk, but says that “such analyses cannot be conclusive.
The Mobile Operators Association said: This is not new data for the World Health Organisation and the many independent expert scientific committees who state that there are no established health risks from using mobile phones that comply with international guidelines.
Both sides agree that there is need for more research. Professor Mild said a possible link between mobile phones and Alzheimer’s disease should also be examined, since we have indications that it might be a problem as well as a possible link with Parkinson’s disease, which can’t be ruled out.
In the meantime, the scientists want a revision of the emission standard for mobiles and other sources of radiation, which they describe as inappropriate and not safe. The international standard is designed merely to prevent harmful heating of living tissue or induced electrical currents in the body and does not take the risk of getting cancer into account.
Professors Hansen and Mild serve on the international BioInitiative Working Group of leading scientists and public health experts, which this summer produced a report warning that the standard was thousands of times too lenient.
The BioInitiative report added: It has been established beyond reasonable doubt that some adverse health effects occur at far lower levels of exposure some at several thousand times below the existing safety limits. It also warned that unless this is corrected there could be “public health problems of a global nature.
Case study: ‘Mobiles are the smoking of the 21st century; they need health warnings’
Neil Whitfield, a 49-year-old father of six, developed an acoustic neuroma in 2001 after years of heavy mobile phone use, on the left side of the head, to which he had held his handset. He says he had no family history of the disease and that when he asked a specialist what had caused it, the doctor had asked him if he used a mobile.
I was on it four hours a day, easily he says. When I held it to my head, I could feel my ear getting warm.
He adds that he completely lost his hearing in his left ear and was off work for 12 months. Unable to go back to his old job in marketing, he became a teacher, suffering a drop in income.
It has had a devastating effect on my family, he says. Mobile phones are the smoking of the 21st century; they should have health warnings on them. You would never buy a child a pack of cigarettes, but we give them mobiles which could cause them harm.
Warning: your model might be dangerous
Exposure to radiation, shown as Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) levels, varies widely in different models. Manufacturers and the Government have ignored the Stewart report that urges they be clearly marked on phones and boxes. They are thus hard to find, though the Carphone Warehouse catalogue includes them. An easily accessible list of phones and radiation exposures is published in Germany, where low-radiation models, defined as having SAR of 0.6 or under, are encouraged.
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Author: Jane Austen Narrator: Carolyn Seymour Publisher: Blackstone Publishing Format: Unabridged Audiobook Delivery: Instant Download Audio Length: 11.5 hours Release Date: January 2011 ISBN: 9781483090221
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The provincial Bennet family, home to five unmarried daughters, is turned upside down when a wealthy bachelor takes up a house nearby. Mr. Bingley enhances his instant popularity by hosting a ball and taking an interest in the eldest Bennet daughter, Jane. Meanwhile, Mr. Darcy, Bingley's even wealthier friend, makes himself equally unpopular by his aloof disdain of country manners. Yet he is drawn in spite of himself to the spirited and intelligent Elizabeth Bennet, who proves to be his match in both wit and pride. Their sparkling repartee is a splendid performance of civilized sparring infused with unacknowledged romantic tension.
Pride and Prejudice delightfully captures the affectations and rivalries of class-conscious English families in an age when status and security for women hung entirely on matrimonial ambitions. Austen's characters dance a delicate quadrille of flirtation and intrigue, making this book the most superb comedy of manners of Regency England. It is also the source of some of the most memorable characters ever written, from the fatuous Mr. Collins, whose proposal to Elizabeth is one of the finest comic passages in English literature, to the beloved heroine Elizabeth, whom the author herself deemed "as delightful a creature as ever appeared in print."
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Quotes & Awards
“There is a truth of painting in her writings which always delights me.”
“The greatest novel ever written.”
“Major and minor characters are superbly drawn, the plot is beautifully symmetrical, and the dazzling perfection of style shows Austen at her best.”
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Comment (5000 characters max):
Jduell | 2/20/2014
" This is one of my favorite Austen books. "
Lisa | 2/20/2014
" My favorite classic. Love it! "
Abigail | 2/16/2014
" It started very slow, however,I soon found that I had been completely sucked in to the story. I also found myself in Elizabeth as she related to Mr Darcy "
Allison | 2/16/2014
" Jane Austen is so clever and sarcastic, which is why this, the greatest love story of all time, is my favorite novel. "
Annemarie | 2/16/2014
" Was only able to get through a few pages before putting it down. Too fluffy for me. "
Christa | 2/15/2014
" Although it took me some time to finish, this class novel completely swept me away. The language was difficult to follow at times, but still beautiful when I began to submerge myself in the reading. Elizabeth is sure to become on of my favorite Heroines. I feel a love/hate relationship with the characters, and rarely get so attached to a story. "
Trina | 2/15/2014
" i love mr. darcy and elizabeth's relationship "
Kristen | 2/13/2014
" A book I tried to read when I was younger, and then reread in my twenties. It was funny, witty, and just a great time. "
Priya | 2/12/2014
" Affection and love is something that is greater than anything. "
Noor | 2/11/2014
" No one compares to Jane Austen. From writing style to plot to characters, Pride and Prejudice is hands down her best novel. "
Kevin | 2/10/2014
" One of the best books of all time. A Must-To-Read. You can really get inside the country, the society and the time of the story, you can almost feel you are talking with Elizabeth and Darcy, and they are sharing their story. "
Audrea | 2/8/2014
" I couldn't put this book down! The language could be challenging at times if you weren't paying attention but the story is full of lovely twists and second chances. "
Ekta | 2/8/2014
" Read it when i was young. Beautiful stories. Great Characters "
Mariel | 2/8/2014
" The Lizzie Bennet Diaries! (on youtube) "
Tamara | 2/8/2014
" Although I have seen the BBC mini series and the film of this story (and love love love them by the way!), the book still had more to it than the series and the film. It's more detailed, which makes the character of mr. Bennet so funny, which gives more background information on the other characters in the story, which tells you what happens after the series and film are ended! It was also easier to feel the despair, the fear, the anxiousness etc.etc.. "
Leticia | 2/7/2014
" One if my favorite books ever. I read it the first time as a high school senior for English class and fell in love with Jane Austen. I read and reread all her work several years ago. Love. "
Skagirlie | 2/6/2014
" no matter how many times i try, i just can't get into this. "
Zoe | 2/5/2014
" Boring. 1800s Twilight - the invention of a new, racy genre for all the housewives out there. "
Ghaliah | 2/4/2014
" With no trouble whatsoever, i can definitley say that this is my favorite book. it is well written and moves smoothly between the events and the tone is one where you are not alienated by the characters or feel pity for them, you live with them. "
Charlene | 2/2/2014
" This was amazing! I can't say enough about Emilia Fox and her rendition of Pride and Prejudice! As Caroline Bingley would say " she had the air and manner in her voice" that complimented every character in the book. I guess I was just a little surprised because I was prejudiced into thinking of little Georgiana Darcy and thought that was what you would get in her voice. But NO, she expertly read every Character as they ought to be read. I felt that I was watching the 1995 version of Pride and Prejudice in my mind. This audio book is not to be missed by ANY Jane Austen fan! And I highly recomend it to anyone who is even thinking of reading any of Jane's works. This was truely wonderful and if I could rate it higher I would. "
Deborah | 2/2/2014
" This novel is a masterpiece covering manners, morality, education and importance of marriage. All very contemporary topics. The character of Mr. Darcy is fascinating and intriguing to me. i enjoyed that love, in the end, prevails over Pride and Prejudice. "
Jake | 2/2/2014
" While the more archaic writing style can be a challenge for some readers (i personally enjoyed the prose and expanded my vocabulary because of it) this books characters and themes transcend age. Wether it's with the iconoclastically headstrong protagonist, Lizzi, the absurdly funny Mrs. Bennet, the sycophantically comical Mr. Collins, the kind and diffident Jane or a host of other characters this book will receive your approbation. Thematically ideas of feminism, classism, and human pride and of course prejudice are all addressed. Apart from being an established classic in our culture (and therefore worthy of being read just because of this) Pride and Prejudice is a wonderful book. "
Jess | 2/2/2014
" still one of the best "
Kristin | 2/2/2014
" This is my favorite book of all time. I read it about once a year. The verbal intelligence of the main characters is the highlight of this book. And to really love it you must put it in the context of the social and economic realities of the era (especially for women). "
Beckyt | 1/31/2014
" I loved this book! Can it really be 200 years since its publication? I am all astonishment! "
Laura | 1/31/2014
" I really enjoyed this novel & am looking forward to reading more Jane Austen. The language was so rich, so engaging...although hard to get into at first. "
Merpotterlockian | 1/30/2014
" Favorite EVER! JANE AND DARCY 5EVER! "
Madhur | 1/29/2014
" read as a kid, still love it. "
Patti | 1/29/2014
" It is a truth universally acknowledged, that when a beloved novel celebrates the 200th anniversary of it's publication, one must be in want of reading it again. "
Dana | 1/28/2014
" Flood of variant & conflicting emotions is what this novel offer its reader... 2nd round of reading "
Amy | 1/27/2014
" ** spoiler alert ** Pride and Prejudice is about love that was found between classes (wealth and social). When the town finds out that the wealthy Charles Bingley has come in everyone one prepares to present there daughters so that he may choose them for marriage. The Bennets prepared to present there daughters Jane,Elizabeth, Mary, Kitty, and Lyndia. The Bennets go to the ball that was being host and Charles is attending and they find that Jane and Charles Bingley had created a connection and he only danced and talked to her all night. Also that night Charles Bingley's close friend Mr. Darcey did not take a liking to the event taking place and refused to dance with Elizabeth and after that everyone saw him as arrogant and obnoxious. After the ball Mr. Bingley invited Jane to the house and when she was walking a storm came in an once she arrived to his home she became very ill and Mr. Bingley took care of her. After Jane got better she and Mr. Bingley became closer together. Also Mr. Darcey and Elizabeth become close as well and Mr. Darceyt seems to be fight with himself because he is finding himself falling for Elizabeth. After all of this the Bennets have a from Mr. Collins ( he is a young clergyman who stands to inherit Mr. Bennet’s property) but he come with the intentions of asking for a hand in marriage to the eldest daughter Jane but he then finds out the Jane will be soon to be engaged so he then asks Elizabeth and she refuses at once. She tells Darcy that she considers him arrogant and unpleasant, then scolds him for steering Bingley away from Jane and disinheriting Wickham. Darcy leaves her but shortly thereafter delivers a letter to her. In this letter, he admits that he urged Bingley to distance himself from Jane, but claims he did so only because he thought their romance was not serious. As for Wickham, he informs Elizabeth that the young officer is a liar and that the real cause of their disagreement was Wickham’s attempt to elope with his young sister, Georgiana Darcy. This letter causes Elizabeth to reevaluate her feelings about Darcy. She returns home and acts coldly toward Wickham. Lyndia then runs away with Wickham and no one can find them so Elizabeth and her father go on journey to find them and are fear full that they are living together not married.Just when all hope seems lost, a letter comes from Mr. Gardiner saying that the couple has been found and that Wickham has agreed to marry Lydia in exchange for an annual income. They both returned and Lyndia and Wickham are married. Elizabeth then finds out that the money that he s receiving is from Darcey. Shortly thereafter, Bingley returns to Netherfield and resumes his courtship of Jane. Darcy goes to stay with him and pays visits to the Bennets but makes no mention of his desire to marry Elizabeth. Bingley, on the other hand, presses his suit and proposes to Jane. After that Darcey and Elizabeth find each other no longer to hold their ove in and they confess there love to each other and get married. I personally LOVE this book because not only was it love story but it was the kind of love story that give you hope and make you think that one day maybe you can find your prince charming. I think my favorite line of the book is when Mr. Darcey says " You have bewitched me body and soul." that just makes your heart sink. I would recommend this book to anyone who is a romance novel lover and to women who just want to believe in love again. "
Blair | 1/25/2014
" No need to really review. If you have the chance to read Jane Austen, read this book. 5/5 stars. "
Bethany | 1/24/2014
" Some how Austen created a story and characters that I can revisit in different mediums, modernized versions, Bollywood musicals, and I enjoy everyone of them. Of course, the book is the best version, but I don't swoon over Darcy like so many do. He's stiff and conservative and rather boring. But I love the story regardless. "
Bonnie | 1/24/2014
" I could read this book over and over again...top 10 "
Richelle | 1/24/2014
" I didn't expect to be so hooked with this classic novel. Admittedly, I found the first few chapters a bit dull, but as I went through the next few chapters, I was captivated by Lizzy's wit and Mr. Darcy's character. Jane Austen also gave me a glimpse of the life of England's young ladies way back in the 1800s. "
Alex | 1/23/2014
" Pride & Prejudice was a much better written with much deeper character development and a much more intricate plot than Mansfield Park (all of which I find very interesting because it was written by an Austen in her late teens / early 20's yet maintained a wizened and deep sense of societal understanding and life experience). Keeping with the same themes, as Austen tends to all the time, this one had an ending that was appropriate and satisfying for the novel's purpose. It wasn't exactly realistic in outcome, but as a romance novel I'd like to think this could have actually happened. Anyway, now having read 2 of Austen's works, I think I'm pretty much a fan. "
Alma | 1/21/2014
" who doesn't fancy a sir like Mr Darcy "
Aisyah | 1/19/2014
" This novel is wonderful! I'm in love with Mr. Darcy so much! He is mysterious and very kind ! "
April | 1/19/2014
" My favorite book of all time. "
Ekta | 1/19/2014
Elaine | 1/19/2014
" I never read this in my youth and was a little thrown of by my Kindle saying it was 4920 pages, but I persevered. I really liked this book and the characters. Since I've recently become a fan of Downton Abbey I was reminded of that and was envisioning England at that time. Very,very interesting. "
Lucy | 1/19/2014
" Great classic, read it so many times, never gets old. Every girl should read this once. Plus we all deserve a Mr Darcy of our own. "
shahbakht | 1/19/2014
" I am completely, utterly and madly in love with this novel. "
Sophia | 1/19/2014
" Kind of confusing because of all those huge vocabulary words "
Kati | 1/18/2014
" Ahh, there's nothing like the original and the best! So good to read this again. "
Rachel | 1/18/2014
" My favorite. Wonderful classic that gets better every time I read it. "
Julia | 1/17/2014
" I somehow missed reading this in school. I had a desire to read a classic and enjoyed it immensely. "
Tara | 1/17/2014
" The best romance of all time. I will forever love this classic. "
Bridget | 1/16/2014
" This is one of my favorite stories. It's a great classic. "
Chris | 1/16/2014
" Have to say I really enjoyed this book. The pacing was slower than I'm used to but the writing was superb and the characters really well developed. Of the books I've read from this period it was by far the most engaging and readable while also ticking the literary boxes you'd expect from a book with such a reputation. "
Kindra | 1/16/2014
" I don't remember a lot of details about this book, but what I can remember is that it's a classic that kept me turning the pages. What's cool about this book is that it seems to mix genres; the style, at times, has the flowery and long-windedness of Victorian writing while being intriguing because of realism and so the complexity of characters. It's also cool because this book see-saws between the cultural setting of English history (reflected by the mannerisms and behaviors of characters) and self-containment (reflected by being able to forget about the cultural setting because of the plot and character development). "
Lindsey | 1/16/2014
" Two stars is my rating from when I read this on my own in high school. I liked it more the second time through when we read it for class, and I started to understand the humor in it. I even wrote my AP English literary criticism/research paper on this book, which helped me appreciate it more than when I read it independently. "
Anita | 1/15/2014
" My favourite book!!! Oh I just love Mr Darcy "
Jasmine | 1/15/2014
" All time favorite. Read dozen times. "
Cindy | 1/14/2014
" One of my very favorite books! "
Danielle | 1/13/2014
" I read this book at school and have very fond memories of it.. Mr D'Arcy and friends. Need to re read this classic novel "
James | 1/13/2014
" Austen is very deceptivly cynical. I love the when the heroine falls in love with the hero after seeing his estate. Austen has been miscast as the source for so many romantic comedy when I have never read anyone who is more cynical about money and marriage. "
Ali | 1/12/2014
" Even though I had seen the movie before actually reading it, I still enjoyed it immensely. It is such a lovely love story with wonderful language. "
Kena | 1/11/2014
" I am now proud to say that I have finally read this book. Being a teenager, I am more inclined to read fast-paced, fictional books like The Hunger Games and Harry Potter, but I have to say that aside from having a bit of trouble following along and keeping track of the four billion different characters (Lady Catherine, Mr. Bingley, Lydia, Kitty, Mr. Darcy, Jane, Mary, and Mr. Wickam being a few (sorry if I spelled some of their names wrong)) I quite enjoyed it. I have seen the movie but its been over a year so I had completely forgotten the storyline, although I remembered that I really liked it, and so thoroughly enjoyed revisiting it in book form. The characters were great, especially Mr. Darcy, Jane, and Elizabeth's mother (who was very funny in all her fussiness, and continual exclamations). I now understand why this is such a well-known and beloved classic, and am very pleased to have it as a part of my bookshelf. "
Leah | 1/8/2014
" I loved this book. It definitely has some epic quotations and I love the spirit of Elizabeth. "
Nesma | 1/6/2014
" this is my all-time-favorite romance story "
Grace | 1/2/2014
" I don't think I'd read this since high school. Loved it. Amazed by the writing and the character development. Also interested in the contrast to Sense and Sensibility, which isn't nearly as polished. On to Mansfield Park. "
Marleahh | 12/31/2013
" There is no romance in the 20th century, movie or book, that does not reference Austin. And out of those references of romance 8 out 10 times it is THIS book. There is no sex, no making out, not even a kiss, but girls sigh when Mr. Darcy asks if there is anyway she would consider him. True romance has very little to with sex, and any guy wants to learn the pitfalls to a girls heart here is a how to manual. "
Carmen | 12/27/2013
" Epic romance without the sap! "
Bekk | 12/23/2013
" was an amazing book. love the whole story line. "
Jason | 12/21/2013
" Weird one for me to like, but won't lie. I liked it. "
Vanessa | 12/20/2013
" Jane Austen is one of my favorites authors ever and this book is on my top five greatest books of all time. I adore her characters and it is simply an enjoyable read. This book is classic literature at its best. "
Alaa | 12/19/2013
" I loved this book. It is one of my favorites and the only book I enjoyed reading at school. "
Sophia | 12/18/2013
JR | 12/17/2013
" I read this my Sophomore year of high school. As a class we could pick from about 4 different books, and I was the only student who chose P&P! I convinced some others to read it too and we did a play on it as our group project. "
Katie | 12/15/2013
" Long, boring, self-indulgent and dull. I read it in high school, college and recently hoping my opinion would evolve over time but nothing could ever make me open this one up again. "
Mamta | 12/11/2013
" Jane Austen - Articulate and descriptive as always! "
Stephanie | 12/9/2013
" What can you say about this book? It's a classic. Probably one of the best novels ever written. The fact that it has stood the test of time is a testament to it's greatness. What girl doesn't want to find her Mr. Darcy? "
Shelby | 12/6/2013
" I love Jane Austen books, and this did not disappoint! "
Sam | 12/4/2013
" The plot line is very rich and detailed, following the Bennett sisters and their quest for love. At times, the book feels a bit colloquial, however, it is one the best love stories of all time. "
Jeanne | 12/1/2013
" What can I say? This is a classic and I'm glad I finally read it. I did fall in love with Mr. Darcy as well. "
Stacie | 11/30/2013
" What can compare to the original words of Jane Austen...oh wait the BBC version with Colin Firth! "
Amy | 11/29/2013
" I really enjoyed this book because of its happy ending. The story is very romantic and appealing to young women going through the same times as the Bennet girls. It is a loving story that I found entertaining to read. Both main characters end up married and happy which make me the reader happy. "
Jan | 11/28/2013
" Favorite book of all time-- "
Kasey | 11/26/2013
" Beautiful book, one of my favorites! "
Dawn | 11/25/2013
" Classic love story with an 'ahead of her time' girl. This will remain one of my favorites. "
Jeanne | 11/23/2013
Trisna | 11/23/2013
" Romantic novel that describes how Mr. Darcy loves elisabeth with all the hidden goodness. "
Jessica | 11/11/2013
" This is my comfort book. This is the book I turn to on rainy days and vacations. I am always swept away by this beautiful story. Pride and Prejudice will always be my favorite book "
Kee | 11/10/2013
" I actually didn't enjoy this book as much as i thought it would. "
Reyannan | 11/8/2013
" Recently I have been re-discovering the classics. Funny how time will change one owns attitude about a book. When I was young, I never could finish this book, now as a mature adult, I find I can appreciate the book. "
Maureen | 11/5/2013
" This is an important story for understanding the social mores of a past century. This especially demonstrates the restrictions placed on females in different cultures or even in the earlier centuries of our own culture. Plus this is a compelling love story. "
Rocio | 11/5/2013
" I think it's a very interesting book. full of life skills "
Alicia | 10/28/2013
" Very entertaining and funny. A great book. "
" A classic go-to book that I read at least once a year. "
Sarah | 10/28/2013
" A bit slow at first, but don't give up! One of my favorite all-time reads! "
Annie | 10/27/2013
" Converted. Absolutely loved this. This will be one of those books I keep going back to. "
Anthony | 10/25/2013
" One of the great novels "
Ashleigh | 10/4/2013
" The storyline was interesting, but the plot was slow. It was very dramatic, but it was a good read all the same. "
Caitlyn | 10/4/2013
" Honestly I tried to read this twice in my life . I couldn't get into the book. It is maybe not my cup of tea ,but I was bored with it. "
Zhuo | 9/27/2013
" why i recall some very old stories "
Reyannan | 9/25/2013
Cassidy | 8/31/2013
" Mr Darcy = the original Peoples Sexiest Man Alive. Oh and of course it's a fantastically witty look on love and society "
" I really enjoyed this romantic novel. I loved the scenery outside, and the fancy balls the sisters attended. I thought the characters were unique and well developed. It really is a delightful story. "
Edwina | 8/25/2013
" Truly brilliant ...what a writer..what an observer of people! "
" I Thought the book was pretty good, but not GREAT. For one, the settings of England in the 18th and 19th centuries are not settings that i am very fond. Other than that, I really liked all the different relationships and the need to get married. "
pjreads | 8/12/2013
" "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife." "
Julie | 8/4/2013
" Thank goodness this was assigned to both my daughters in the same year, forcing me to read another classic I'd missed along the way. I really couldn't put it down, and now my daughters tell me I have to watch the Lizzy Bennet diaries (developed by Hank Green & Bernie Su). "
Usha | 7/28/2013
" I have read P & P at least five times and I believe it's one of the best novels ever written. Enjoy. "
Beatrice | 7/21/2013
" One of my favorites books "
Sonam | 7/10/2013
" makes me believe in love. "
Ghaliah | 6/28/2013
Sally | 6/26/2013
" My absolute favorite and one that I connect with and wish men were still honorable and admired true personality and soul. Ah, this is romance! "
Shom | 6/3/2013
" Beautiful. I read (listened to) this with a lot of apprehensions - I don't like classics per se - but really, this is beautiful. It did not move me, it did not emvelop me with its language; but all that is trivia. It engaged me. It was 14 and a half hours well spent. "
Tatiana | 5/28/2013
" No me canso de este libro, uno de mis favoritos "
Robyn | 5/17/2013
" This book never gets old. The characters are relatable: funny and flawed. "
Rocio | 4/11/2013
Heather | 3/22/2013
" Perhaps the only book I reread at least once a year. "
Bushra | 2/18/2013
" The novel doesn't need an introduction, it introduced me to the intriguing world of classic fiction in my teens and that still is the most exuberant reading experience of the life. "
Allison | 2/6/2013
Kay | 2/6/2013
" My favourite book from Jane Austen... this is such a classic book that every one should at least read once. "
Sharpcast | 1/5/2013
" This is another fine masterpiece by Austen. This is supposed to be more of a biographical work as the character of Darcy is based on Austen's own experience with a failed romance. Austen, incidentally, remained unmarried in real life, though she often write about love, marriage, and romance. "
Susanne | 1/3/2013
" I have never read a finer novel. The perfect novel. "
Adrija | 12/29/2012
" Jane austen is superb! there's nothing to say about her novels.& Pride & prejudice is known to all. "
Jamie | 12/23/2012
" Learned to love Austen's books. "
Andreana | 12/18/2012
" Jane Austen never disappoints. Protagonist is a strong female character whose development a reader can't help but fall in love with. I <3 Mr. Darcy "
Kevin | 12/18/2012
Fawn | 12/11/2012
" I love all of Jane Austen's books. I think they have taught me as much about "character" as anything else. I just love falling into her character's art of conversation! "
Amy | 12/3/2012
" I read this book once a year. "
Carolinecarver | 11/24/2012
" Loved the writing, loved the characters and love Jane Austen. Why or why didn't I read this book as a teenager. Well, it might have changed my life and then what? Best to have waited. "
Jillian | 11/23/2012
" I love pride and prejudice! Every girl should be loved like that... Read it! I also love the movie!:) "
Lisa | 11/16/2012
" I read this book dozens of times, I still love it! "
Lea | 11/12/2012
" After watching the Lizzie Bennett diaries I thought I'd re-read this as its been ages. Probably going to take a while I've been busy but it's nice to be able to read a copy right in the app! "
Jenny | 11/8/2012
" I enjoyed the movie more. That rarely happens. but the book was good. "
Cassidy | 10/23/2012
Camille | 10/9/2012
" Great story....although I've seen many of the movie adaptations, I still was drawn in and wondering what was going to happen next. The only part that disappointed was the end. It just stopped. I much rather prefer the Kiera Knighley ending: "Mr. Darcy... Mr. Darcy... Mr. Darcy!" "
" It was fun to reread this (it's been at least a decade since I've read it) and at the same time watch a couple of the movie versions. Happy 200th birthday this year! "
Stacie | 10/6/2012
Rafista | 9/19/2012
" Never read the Indonesian version, but I kinda enjoyed the English version. I love Mr. Darcy!! Period. "
Robert | 9/14/2012
" Ridiculously ahead of its time! "
Jason | 8/15/2012
Andrew | 8/2/2012
" Seriously, one of the most boring things I've ever read. Austen gets much better than this "
Shelby | 7/21/2012
Jan | 6/18/2012
" Love this book, I've probably read it five or six time over the years. "
Susanne | 6/13/2012
Carrie | 6/10/2012
" There is a reason this is a classic...very good! :) "
Christina | 5/16/2012
" My favorite of all time! "
Kasey | 5/11/2012
Stephanie | 5/10/2012
Caril | 4/16/2012
" Definitely my all-time favorite book, I just finished re-reading it. It improves with each reading. "
Lexi | 4/2/2012
" I love this story. I think it brings all those who read it back to a time before technology was created. "
Maria | 3/11/2012
" I've read and re-read this book many times!!! "
Holly | 3/2/2012
" My favourite of Jane Austen's...I just love it to pieces. "
Chloe | 3/1/2012
" I hate this book it has the most sappy boring plot line and the dullest characters "
Adrija | 2/25/2012
Onna | 2/16/2012
" My current favorite of Austin's works. Who couldn't love and root for Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth?!? "
Stephanie | 2/4/2012
" Challenging book to read, but totally worth it! "
Gloria | 1/30/2012
" I read this one in high school years ago and re-read back in 2009 ....I loved this book "
Sarah | 1/21/2012
" An amazing book and a must read. "
Emily | 1/9/2012
" I need to give it another chance. Read it in high school and didn't like it! "
Spacegeisha | 1/5/2012
" Good, easy read. Liked the romantic theme - it was intense. "
Gloria | 12/23/2011
Larik | 12/8/2011
" I have watched the movie first and then went to Barns and Noble and bought the book and event though the language was a little hard i loved it so much i have read it twice!!! Amazing story! "
Shreyas | 12/2/2011
" Absolutely witty and hilarious. It requires a considerable amount of patience but worth it in the end. Loved Mr. Bennet's sense of sarcasm.. "
Courtney | 11/10/2011
" A classic. I couldn't stop smiling near the end :) "
Sue | 11/8/2011
" Love more every time I read it "
pjreads | 10/29/2011
Aisa | 10/13/2011
" One of my favorite book! "
Alicia | 10/9/2011
Maryann | 9/19/2011
" Based on human emotion, the book seems to be so popular, even today "
Karadi | 9/5/2011
" this was is and will always be my favorite romance novel "
Julie | 8/19/2011
" Favorite book ever. Bar none. Story is eternal, writing exquisite. "
Georgia | 8/13/2011
" the love story is fabulous and gorgeous...i really love how Mr. Darcy worked hard for his relationship, i recommended it,, because this book is fantastic,,, "
Rose | 8/12/2011
" What can I say about Pride & Prejudice that has not already been said? It's a wonderful story with lots of twists and turns and the happiest of endings! "
Fran | 8/5/2011
" One of the absolute greats. Novel writing at its very best. "
Susan | 8/2/2011
" One of my all time favs! I read it at least once every 18 months..... Ahhhhh Colin Firth as Mr Darcy, his is the only face I can imagine while reading! "
Lezro | 7/7/2011
" In my very small "favorite books ever" pile. You do have to have a couple of functional neurons to understand the archaic English, but beyond that this is a great novel about being female, from the ridiculous to the sublime. "
Roo | 6/27/2011
" THE BEST NOVEL EVAAAAAAA. THE ESSENCE OF BRILLIANCE . "
Merli | 6/20/2011
" This is the next book you should read it "
Abigail | 5/3/2011
Rhein | 4/20/2011
" Layak disebut sebagai novel yang tak lekang oleh waktu.. Banyak karakter dan tiap karakter memberi kesan masing-masing... "
Erin | 4/17/2011
" I Love the story but I had a hard time actually reading it. The language is sometimes hard to push through. I guess I am just used to a different way of talking. Loved Pride and Prejudice and Zombies. "
Laf | 4/8/2011
" One of the best books I ever read. Long but such a clever description of the times. Great characters who are often misunderstood at first meeting. Usually I don't enjoy movies made from books, but PBS did a 5 hour production of this that was wonderful. "
Elizabeth | 4/6/2011
" it was good but had I not seen the movie I think the writing style would have prevented me from finishing it. love Darcy! "
Shellie | 4/2/2011
" This is the ultimate collection for any Jane Austin fan. It is gorgeous and look amazing on the shelf!! "
Cristiana | 3/8/2011
" Love the novels, but this collection of Austen's works was so big and heavy that I found it awkward to read. I donated it to the library. "
Telisha | 3/5/2011
" Amazing book set, beautiful and well bound. Love having them all together in one compilation and what a set!
Jane Austen is one of my favorite authors of all time! "
Kereesa | 3/2/2011
" An excellent collection, though lacking Austen's unfinished and unpublished work, it nevertheless beautifully presents all of her novels in a nice form. For details on individual novels, please see their respective reviews. 5/5 "
Ryver | 2/25/2011
" I've read Pride & Prejudice and am now reading Sense & Sensibility. Along with reading these books, I am also collecting 2 versions each of the films. I enjoy them that much. "
Elle | 2/20/2011
" I absolutely adore Jane Austen, I have read this entire book at least 20 times. "
David | 2/15/2011
" Highly impractical pocket for seven must-reads that deserve nice linen bindings.. At the time of publishing, e-books were not yet available. Nowadays, choose those to save on your holiday luggage.. "
Megan | 2/4/2011
" bought it at a Spiritualist fete for £1. For all of her books, not a bad price. Unfortunately, it's also about a bazillion pages which makes it difficult to hold, and the font is awfully tiny. "
Rosie | 1/16/2011
" The best collection of books! Whatever mood you are in,t here is an Austen novel to compliment! "
Esther | 1/12/2011
" Jane Austen's works all in one edition. It can't get much better than this. "
Frances | 1/8/2011
" I love Jane Austen. This is one of the few I keep on my shelf to re-read when I'm in the mood "
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Jane Austen (1775–1817) is considered by many scholars to be the first great woman novelist. Born in Steventon, England, she later moved to Bath and began to write for her own and her family’s amusement. Her novels, set in her own English countryside, depict the daily lives of provincial middle-class families with wry observation, a delicate irony, and a good-humored wit.
About the Narrator
Carolyn Seymour is a voice artist and audiobook narrator. She was born in England and grew up on a farm on the Isle of Wight. Her rather eccentric Russian Irish parents instilled in her a love of reading and a passion for the countryside. She has lived in Los Angeles for the last thirty years, where she putters about in her garden, grows vegetables, entertains her children and friends, and hikes with her three glorious but ancient dogs.
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AAP Report Shows Publishing Industry Decline for May
Written by Editorial Staff
The Association of American Publishers (AAP) July 13, 2020 released its StatShot report for May 2020 reflecting reported revenue for all tracked categories, including Trade (consumer publications), K-12 Instructional Materials, Higher Education Course Materials, Professional Publishing, and University Presses.
Total revenues across all categories for May 2020 were approximately $1.0 billion, a decline of 12.1% as compared to May 2019. Year-to-date sales were $4.3 billion, a decline of 4.5% as compared to the same period last year.
Trade (Consumer Book) Revenues:
Trade sales were down 7.9% year-over-year, coming in at $635.8 million. Year-to-date (Jan-May 2020) Trade sales were $2.8 billion, a decline of 1.5%, as compared to the same period in 2019.
Physical paper formats in the Trade (consumer publications) category saw declines during the month, with Hardback revenues coming in at $212.1 million, a decline of 18.5%; Paperback revenues were $201.1 million, a fall of 16.9%; and Mass Market was $22.6 million, down 0.6%. On a year-to-date basis, Hardback revenues were $967.9 million, down 6.7%; Paperbacks were $924.5 million, down 3.0%; and Mass Market was $83.9 million, a decline of 1.2% as compared to the first five months of 2019.
eBook and Downloaded Audio revenues were both bright spots in May, and on a year-to-date basis:
eBook revenues were up 39.2% for the month as compared to May 2019 for a total of $113.0 million. On a year-to-date basis, eBooks were up 7.3%, coming in at $435.4 million for the first five months of 2020.
Downloaded Audio revenues saw a 22.0% increase as compared to May of last year, reaching $54.2 million in revenue. On a year-to-date basis, Downloaded Audio was up 15.8% as compared to the first five months of 2019, with a total of $262.5 million for the year so far. The Downloaded Audio format has seen continuous growth every month since 2012. Notably, Downloaded Audio revenues in the Children’s and YA Books category saw a strong 69.4% year-over-year increase in May to $5.4 million, lifting the total year-to-date Downloaded Audio revenues in the category by 24.7% to $23.7 million.
Religious Presses
Religious press revenues were up 7.0% year-over-year in May, coming in at $58.5 million, but down 6.6% on a year-to-date basis, with revenues of $264.5 million for the first five months of the year.
Year-to-date revenues were down 9.9%, coming in at $1.5 billion. Revenues from Higher Education Course Materials were up 19.4% to $130.0 million for the month. On a year-to-date basis, Higher Education Course Materials revenues were up 8.9%, reaching $771.5 million.
PreK-12 Instructional Materials revenues were $221.7 million, a drop of 32.5% compared to May of last year, and year-to-date revenues in the category were $489.5 million, a decline of 30.7% as compared to the first five months of 2020.
Professional Books, including business, medical, law, technical and scientific, declined 3.7% for the month, generating $53.1 million in revenue. The category saw a decline of 3.5% year-to-date, with $194.3 million in revenue during the first five months.
University Presses declined 5.4% as compared to May of 2019, bringing in $3.1 million in revenue. On a year-to-date basis, University Presses declined 10.1%, bringing in $16.8 million for the first five months of 2020.
AAP’s StatShot
Publisher net revenue, including sales to bookstores, wholesalers, direct to consumer, online retailers, etc., is tracked monthly by the Association of American Publishers (AAP) and includes revenue from about 1,360 publishers, with participation subject to change over time.
StatShot reports are designed to give an up-to-date snapshot of the publishing industry using the best data currently available. The reports reflect participants’ most recent reported revenue for current and previous periods, enabling readers to compare revenue on a year-to-year basis within a given StatShot report.
It is not, however, possible to make apples-to-apples comparisons to StatShot reports issued in previous years because: a) The number of StatShot participants fluctuates over time, with the pool of participants growing or shrinking in each report and b) It is a common accounting practices for businesses, including publishers, to restate revenue numbers based on updated information. If, for example, a business learns that its revenues were greater in a given year than its reports indicated, it will restate the revenues in subsequent reports, providing information that is more up-to-date and accurate.
Categorised in: News & Views
This post was written by Editorial Staff
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PETER ALMOND
Feature film and TV work ranges from historical topics to literary fiction. Produced, written and developed films involving global conflicts, intimate romance and the lively confusion of childhood. Affiliated since Beacon Picture’s inception, where he produced “13 Days” and “The Baby-Sitters’ Club”, he has also developed “American Man in Moscow”, “A LIttle War of Our Own”, “Lion in the Road”, “In The Land of the Living”, “The Second Coming”, “The Hazards of Good Breeding”, among others. Has close creative ties with international and indie directors Sergei Bodrov, Laszlo Nemes Jeles, Ildiko Enyedi, Charles Burnett, and Koji Masutani.
Led first post Soviet era US-Ukrainian-Russian co-production (RASPAD) to Special Jury Prize Venice Film Festival. As producing consultant participated in Academy Award winning “Son of Saul” (Best Foreign Film). Received commission from Central European University and George Soros for documentary on the 20th anniversary of Central Europe emergence from Soviet Union. In Budapest Almond joined in several international co-productions.
Consultant to the Ford Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation, San Francisco Foundation, supervising editor of a series of books for national commission on US children and families (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich), supervising editor and producer of “Forever Free: The Story of Emancipation and Reconstruction” (Knopf). Producer-reporter for the Emmy winning nightly newsmagazine, “The 51ST STATE.”
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Posts Tagged ‘‘European Dawn’’
Western Goals, the Tories and Links to Fascism
Daniel Hannan, Eurosceptic Tory MP and opponent of the NHS
Earlier this week I reblogged an article from Guy Debord’s Cat critiquing the assertion by Daniel Hanna the idea of the BNP are ‘Left-wing’. Hannan is the Conservative MEP for Dorset, who wishes Britain to leave the EU and supports the privatisation of the NHS. His claim that the BNP is Left-wing follows the line of the American and Canadian Conservatives that Fascism is a form of Socialism. It is true that both Italian Fascism and the Nazi party contained socialist elements. Mussolini was originally a radical Socialist, who broke with the Italian socialist party because of his support for Italian intervention in the First World War. Both the Nazis and the Fascists allied with traditional right-wing Conservative groups to gain and hold on to power. Mussolini declared that the Fascists were the party of pure, ‘Manchester school’ laissez-faire economics. Hitler attempted to win over German industrialists by stating that ‘private property cannot survive an age of democracy’, and so private industry needed his personal dictatorship to survive. He made it clear that he would not nationalise any industry or enterprise, unless it was extremely badly run, and declared his support for the upper classes and the industrialists, as they had proven their social and physical superiority to everyone else by achieving their social position by their own efforts. It’s a statement that very clearly demonstrates the influence of social Darwinism on Hitler.
In Britain it is true that some left-wingers joined the BUF because of its apparently anti-capitalist programme. Many of the British Fascist groups, however, consisted of extreme Right-wing, Die-Hard Conservatives, worried about the threat of organised labour and subversions by foreign industrialists, such as the Anglo-German Jewish industrialist, Mond. The British Fascisti in the 1920s consisted of middle class ladies and senior military officers, and supplied blackleg labour to break up strikes. They strenuously rejected Oswald Mosely’s advocacy of a corporative state on the model of Mussolini’s Italy as ‘socialism’. All of the British Fascist groups were extremely nationalistic and anti-Semitic.
Maggie’s Militant Tendency and the Union of Conservative Students
Although the Tory Die-Hards and their support for Fascism did not survive World War II, there were nevertheless individuals and groups with the Conservative party that were extremely sympathetic to the Far Right. In the 1980s Margaret Thatcher had a Panorama documentary, ‘Maggies’ Militant Tendency’, pulled from the airwaves as the programme argued that the Conservative party had been infiltrated by Fascists, just as Labour had been by the Far Left group, Militant Tendency. There was also a scandal when one of the leaders of the Union of Conservative Students in Northern Ireland, Tinnies, declared their support for Far Right policies. Tinnies stated that they were ‘all Thatcherite achievers, but if Mrs Thatcher doesn’t want us, we will go to the Far Right’. The British parapolitical magazine, Lobster, in issue 21 carried an article on another group with links to Fascism within the Tory party, Western Goals (UK).
Western Goals
Western Goals (UK) was the British branch of the American Conservative organisation, the Western Goals Foundation. During its career, Western Goals had links to and supported the Contra rebels in Nicaragua, acting as a conduit for Oliver North’s funding of them according to a report of the Tower Commission. Its British subsidiary had links with the World Anti-Communist League, the British Anti-Communist League, the American Conservative groups the Conservative Action Foundation (CAF), the Committee to Defend the Constitution (CDC) as well as CAUSA, a front organisation for the Moonies, which supplied funds to the CAF. It also had links to the pro-Apartheid South African Conservative party, and also supported the Neo-Nazi German Republican Party and the French Front National, as well as El Salvador’s ruling Arena Party. There was also contact with the BNP, the League of St. George and David Irving’s Focus Group.
Western Goals (UK) parent organisation, the Western Goals Foundation, was set up in America in 1979 by Larry McDonald, an extreme Right-wing Georgia congressman with support from General John Singlaub. It was chaired by Linda Guell with Carl ‘Spitz’ Channell as its president. Western Goals (UK) was launched six years later May 1985, when Linda Guell visited Britain. By this time Western Goals also had a branch in Germany, and had run a series of TV adverts supporting the Contras. Both McDonald and Singlaub were linked to the Conservative Action Group, and Singlaub also had ties to the World Anti-Communist League.
Western Goals (UK) first director was the Young Conservative, Paul Masson. It also had a parliamentary advisor board, whose membership included the Rev. Martin Smyth, Patrick Wall, Nicholas Winterton, Neil Hamilton, Bill Walker and Stefan Terlezki, a former MP. Patrick Wall was also president of the British Anti-Communist Council, which was at the time a branch of the World Anti-Communist League. Peter Dally, another leading figure of BACC, was also president at the launch of Western Goals (UK). Terlezki was also a leading member in the British section of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN). In March 1986 the anti-Fascist magazine, Searchlight, reported that Paul Masson had become a member of the ABN’s International Youth Committee, and that a delegation had been sent to them by the Young Monday Club consisting of Masson, David Neil-Smith, A.V.R. Smith and Adrian Lee.
‘Spitz’ Channell and Tax Fraud
In late 1986 Western Goals (UK) split with its American parent. This was partly due to the scandal over the Tower Reports finding of its funding of the Contras. More importantly, ‘Spitz’ Channell had admitted tax fraud. Western Goals (UK) therefore separated from the Western Goals Foundation, which was effectively wound up and absorbed into the Larry McDonald Trust. The split was, however, a difference without distinction, as the supposedly independent Western Goals (UK) still retained links to the Larry McDonald Trust.
Attacks on ‘Left-wing’ Charities
In 1986 and 1987 Western Goals played a leading role, with other Right-wing organisations such as the anti-trade union Economic League, in attacking the charities Oxfam, Cafod and War on Want. They also produced a report attacking Christian Aid. In October the same year Western Goals (UK) also held a fringe meeting at the Conservative Party conference attacking the charities under the title ‘Alms for the Poor or Arms for Communism?’. In 1989 they sent a report on the above charities involved in Central America Week to the Charities’ Commission. The report was produced by Michael McCrone and Gideon Sherman, the childhood friend of the Right-wing blogger, ‘Guido Fawkes’.
Claims of Communists in Labour, Liberals and Attacks on Livingstone for Pro-Gay Stance
During the 1987 election, they also produced as briefing paper containing the details of ‘Communist aligned’ Labour and Liberal candidates, which was circulated to Tory MPs and their friends in the media. It became the basis for a four page report in the Daily Mail. In August the same year the Kilburn Times reported that they had launched an attack on Ken Livingstone for his support of gay issues. They stated
Livingstone and his friends in London’s Labour councils want to encourage more homosexuals to come out of the closet and spread their perverted filth. The gay rights policy which he is preparing to put before Parliament in the Autumn is typical of someone who is working to destroy the family and traditional family values. It will mean more danger of AIDS and that is just what Britain’s enemies want.
The following year, in 1988, members of CAUSA, CAF and CDC addressed one Western Goals’ meetings. *In January 1989 there was a report that Stuart Northolt and A.V.R. Smith of Western Goals (UK) were collaborating with David Finzer, the general secretary of the World Youth Freedom League, WACL’s youth wing, and who was also linked to CAF and the CDC, to raise money for an international conference on ‘self defence for Eastern Europe’.
Jonas Savimbi and UNITA
It was also in 1988 that Western Goals (UK) claimed to have an ‘African desk’, although this was probably just a grandiose way of referring to Northolt and Smith. Western Goals (UK) also participated in organising a visit that July to Britain of Jonas Savimbi of UNITA in Angola. They held a briefing with him at the House of Commons, claiming it was attended by 20 MPs belonging to their organisation. There is some question over this, as Western Goals (UK)’s parliamentary advisory body had ceased to function by this time, and there is no evidence that the Tory MPs Winterton, Hamilton or Walker were still involved with them. Another Tory MP, Stefan Terlezki, had left the House of Commons.
Opposition to War Crimes Trials in Britain
In February 1989 Western Goals issued a press release criticising the proposal to allow war crimes’ trials in Britain. They condemned such trials as a ‘Communist disinformation ploy’. The statement was issued on notepaper listing the names of their vice-presidents, one of whom was the Unionist MP, the Rev. Martin Smyth. Smyth then resigned, as he had actively campaigned for the trial of Nazi war criminals.
UNITA and the South African Conservative Party
Later that year in June they issued a ‘discussion paper’, Namibia – What Kind of Independence?, which strongly favoured South Africa and Angola’s UNITA. They also issued the pamphlet, ANC/IRA Partners in Terror, which was timed to coincide with the visit to Britain of the leader and foreign affairs spokesman of the South African Conservative Party, Andries Treunicht and Clive Derby-Lewis. This was presented as having been organised by the Anglo-South African Fellowship. In reality it was organised by Western Goals, with A.V.R. Smith dealing with PR. The meeting’s press release also contained the contact details of Gregory Lauder-Frost and Christopher Forster. In addition to being members of Western Goals, Lauder-Frost was also chair of the Monday Club’s Foreign Affairs’ Committee, while Forster was also chair of the Anglo-South African Fellowship.
European Dawn and the Leader of El Salvador’s Death Squads
By the time of the 1989 Conservative Party conference, they had adopted an explicitly pro-Fascist stance. It was then that Western Goals (UK) launched their magazine, European Dawn. The magazine announced that it was ‘published by Western Goals (UK) on behalf of YEWF’ – the latter organisation was the Young Europeans for World Freedom, WACL’s youth organisation. So far, only two issues of European Dawn are known to have been published. The logo featured the kind of Celtic cross adopted by the British National Party. It was edited by Northolt and produced by Smith, publishing articles supporting the Front National in France and the Neo-Nazi Republican Party in Germany. The first issue was also accompanied by a covering letter by Northolt, which mentioned that the organisation’s executive committee had held a private dinner, at which the guest of honour was Major Roberto D’Aubuisson. D’Aubuisson was a member of El Salvador’s governing Arena Party, and one of the organisers of its death squads. According to Northolt, D’Aubuisson had agreed to become an honorary patron of Western Goals (UK).
European Dawn, the Tories and the Front National
European Dawn was also one of the joint sponsors of Western Goals (UK) fringe meeting on October 12 1989 of that year’s Tory party conference. In their press, Western Goals (UK) described themselves as ‘a London-based right-wing organisation devoted to the preservation of traditional Western values and European culture, and it opposes communism, liberalism, internationalism and the “multi-cultural society”.’ The meetings main speaker was Derby-Lewis of the South African Conservative Party. One of the other speakers was Yvan Blot, of the French Front National.
Derby-Lewis and British Conservatives
When Derby-Lewis again visited Britain the following year, 1990, A.V.R. Smith arranged for him to attend WACL’s 22nd conference in Brussels as a Western Goals Institute delegate. Western Goals (UK) also claimed that he had met leading members of the Conservative party such as Lord Hailsham, the tennis player and Buster Motram, who had formerly supported the NF. They also claimed that he had addressed a meeting of the House of Lords Monday Club under Lord Sudely and a banquet of the South West Essex Monday Club, attended by Teresa Gorman, Teddy Taylor and Tim Janman. His speech at the banquet was praised for its ‘robust defence of European values and civilisation in Southern Africa’. He was also a guest at a ‘select’ dinner in Whitehall for Conservative MPs, Conservative candidates, councillors and party officials. European Dawn also became more overtly anti-Semitic. It has been alleged that there was at least one meeting between Northolt and Smith and the Fascist League of St. George. However, both A.V.R. Smith and Keith Thompson of the League of St. George have denied them.
Western Goals and the BNP
The BNP certainly appear to have had links to Western Goals, discussing them in an issue of their magazine, Spearhead. The article described how a group of BNP members had arrived at a meeting between the South African Conservatives’ Andries Treunicht and Western Goals (UK) at the Royal Commonwealth Society, where they attempted to sell copies of Spearhead. Prevented from doing so, the BNP criticised Western Goals’ members for their squeamishness in not owning up to their Nationalist convictions:
Their line was the familiar one: “Oh yes, I agree with all you say, but keep it quiet”… Their greatest fear is that of being embarrassed by their nationalist acquaintances turning to their gatherings and compromising their “respectable” credentials’. Just how many Western Goals members were sympathetic to the BNP is open to question. However, one of early members of Western Goals (UK), and an associated of Smith and Northolt, Stuart Millson, left the organisation to join the BNP. Millson had been a member of the Young Monday Club and Conservative Student while at Exeter University in 1985. By 1991, however, he claimed to have left the BNP and was once more a member of the Tories. Another BNP activist, Sean Pearson, was also a member of the Yorkshire branch of the Monday Club run by Anthony Murphy, who was also Western Goal’s main contact in the region. He was thrown out of his local branch of the Conservative party after Leeds Other Paper, Searchlight and City Limits revealed that he had been distributing racist leaflets in Bradford. However, he joined Thurrock Conservative Association, thus remaining a member of the party. In April 1991 he was one of the Party’s election agents in Bradford.
Conclusion: Western Goals example of Fascism in Conservative Party, not Socialism
Hughe’s article predicts that the organisation and the Monday Club would find themselves under increasing pressure from the party’s leadership under John Major, who was an opponent of White supremacism. Certainly Western Goals and its links to the BNP and German and French extreme Right would now be acutely embarrassing for David Cameron. Cameron has, after all, attempted to present the party as pro-gay and anti-racist. One of the first things he did as leader was sever links to the Monday Club. Nevertheless, Western Goals and its extreme Right-wing stance, which can certainly be considered Fascist, does refute the claim of Daniel Hannan and other Conservatives, on both sides of the Atlantic, that somehow Fascism is a form of Socialism and the BNP are ‘left-wing’.
Tags:'European Dawn', 'Guido Fawkes', 'Kilburn Times', 'Maggie's Militant Tendency', 'Spearhead', A.V.R. Smith, Adrian Lee, Alfred Mond, ANC, Andries Treunicht, Anglo-South African Fellowship, Anthony Murphy, Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, Anti-Semiticism, Bill Walker, BNP, Bradford Guy Debord's Cat, British Anti-Communist Council, British Fascisti, Cafod, Carl 'Spitz' Channell, CAUSA, Christian Aid, Christopher Forster, Clive Derby-Lewis, Committee to Defend the Constitution, Conservative Action Foundation, Conservative Party, Contras, Corporative State, Daniel Hannan, David Neil-Smith, Die-Hards, Dorset, El Salvador, Essex, Front National, Gays, German Republican Party, Gideon Sherman, Gregory Lauder-Frost, hitler, IRA, John Singlaub, Jonas Savimbi, Keith Thompson, Ken Livingstone, Kilburn, Labour Party, Larry McDonald, Larry McDonald Trust, League of St. George, Linda Guell, Lobster, London, Lord Sudely, Martin Smyth, Michael McCrone, Monday Club, Moonies, Mussolini, Namibia, Neil Hamilton, Nicarague, Nicholas Winterton, Northern Ireland, Oliver North, Oswald Mosely, Oxfam, Panorama, Patrick Wall, Paul Masson, Peter Dally, Roberto D'Aubuisson, Royal Commonwealth Society, Searchlight, South African Conservative Party, Stefan Terlezki, Stuart Millson, Stuart Northolt, Teddy Taylor, Teresa Gorman, Thurrock, Tim Janman, Ulster Unionists, UNITA, Western Goals Foundation, World Anti-Communist League, World War I, World War II, World Youth Freedom League, Young Monday Club
Posted in Africa, America, Charity, communism, El Salvador, European Union, Fascism, France, Germany, Health Service, History, Ireland, Italy, Liberals, Namibia, Nazis, Politics, Socialism, South America, Television, The Press | 2 Comments »
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I Feel Pretty (2018) reviewed by Jonathan Berk
May 4, 2018 Jonathan Berk Podcast Leave a comment
Writers Abby Kohn and Marc Silverstein have collaborated together before, but for I Feel Pretty (2018) they also stepped into the directing role. There are some really strong aspects to the film as a whole; however, it is not without some missteps. The main theme of “being confident with who you are” is both important and positive, but is undercut at times by some of the choices in the film. Still, by the end of the film, there was enough here to have at least enjoyed it.
I Feel Pretty has enough positives to make it enjoyable
Renee Bennett (Amy Schumer) is obsessed with outward appearance and is dissatisfied with what she sees in the mirror. She even resorts to wishing to be beautiful in a local well, and, after taking a major fall at a spinning class, she awakens believing herself to be the most beautiful woman in the world. The major element here is that she looks exactly the same, and all that’s changed is her attitude about her appearance – but the confidence she now exudes allows her to start living the way she’d only dreamed of before.
Even though Schumer has managed to create a lot of hate from the public since her film Trainwreck, I tend to still enjoy her comedy and she performs well in this movie. Although, there are times – especially in the middle of the film – where her character, Renee, becomes almost intolerable. Her newly found confidence turns to arrogance. In these moments, Schumer plays the character as someone who is clueless about how she is behaving, and it simply seems out of character. Initially, Renee had been depicted to be intelligent, capable, but simply lacking self-esteem. It damages the empathy we feel for her at the other moments in the film. Fortunately, Renee was able to win me back in time to care about the ending. While Renee’s character has a skewed perspective of the importance placed on outer beauty caused by the world we live in, every character in the film is suffering from some self-esteem issues.
It’s the other characters and often the subtle way their insecurities are highlighted that really stand out. Ethan (Rory Scovel) meets the now confident Renee at the dry cleaners. His character is ashamed of many of the aspects of his own personality and hides things like his Zumba workout. Even the first time that Renee and he start to be intimate, it is noticeable that he leaves his shirt on as he climbs into bed. Even the woman Renee idolizes, Avery LeClaire (Michelle Williams), is seen frequently trying to compensate for her own feelings of inadequacies and admits to hating the sound of her voice. While characters in the film are often the best part, they are also one of the weaknesses.
There are problems
There are simply too many, and the time spent on certain relationships feels wasted and would have been better spent developing just a few characters a bit more. In particular, Grant LeClair (Tom Hopper) feels like a waste of time in the film and seems to only be there to add the possibility of drama. Renee first meets Grant after getting the receptionist job, and he is clearly surprised by her confidence and her ability to shrug off the rudeness of a potential model. Yet, he is ultimately not a love interest, nor does he offer anything to the main story. More time dedicated to her friends Vivian (Aidy Bryant) and Jane (Busy Philipps) or spent with Ethan would have strengthened the relationships that are supposed to actually matter to Renee.
The film does seem, at times, to be saying that Renee’s negative opinion of herself is correct. For example: in a scene shown in the trailer of her entering a bikini contest, it initially appears that the audience will mock her for not meeting the body type often associated with the contest…and even Ethan seems a bit too nervous for her. However, her confidence and presence get the crowd cheering for her. Yet, the directors still shoot the scene as if to show her in a way that says she isn’t as “sexy” as she is behaving. This creates the possibility for a mixed message to be interpreted by the audience, which could potentially undercut the positive message it appears to want to convey.
Despite a lull in the middle and a few debatable choices with some of the characters and the depiction of Renee, the film was overall enjoyable. Scovel and Williams were definitely the highlights, but Schumer and Scovel had a lot of chemistry. I would have loved the film to have spent more time on their connection, just to enjoy the romantic comedy aspects of it. Still, I Feel Pretty earns the Decent Watch rating.
//z-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/onejs?MarketPlace=US&adInstanceId=8bbc1af4-c48a-429a-a403-2721747818a9
2018Abby KohnAdrian MartinezAidy BryantAmy SchumerBusy PhilippsDecent WatchI Feel PrettyMarc SilversteinMichelle WilliamsRory ScovelTom Hopper
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