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IAAH Website Board index Heraldry Portuguese heraldry
Arms of the Portuguese Red Cross
Heraldry of Potugal
Chas Charles-Dunne
Location: England - TL 80102 93862
Contact Chas Charles-Dunne
Re: Arms of the Portuguese Red Cross
Postby Chas Charles-Dunne » 21 Jul 2014, 12:28
Ryan Shuflin wrote: I suspect that since the Red Cross was established by international law, that there is some extra protection given the red cross symbol, but it's scope, I do not know.
Iain Boyd wrote: Dear Charles,
The red cross symbol may 'belong' to the International Committee of the Red Cross, BUT, I would be very surprised if they could stop any individual (let alone a national organisation) from using the same cross in their coat of arms - whatever it's symbolism in those arms.
Iain Boyd
Ryan is quite right. The various Geneva Conventions govern the use of the symbol.
The overwhelming vast majority of members internationally are not armigerous. Apart from a few County and National Officers (who were appointed for their connections), I know of only one armigerous member in the UK - me.
As a member and officer of almost 20 years standing, I used to train members in the history of the Red Cross and its use. I know for a fact that National Societies do NOT abuse the privilege. For a while, senior officers of the BRCS wore the symbol on a white shield-shaped badge on their collars in full dress uniform. This was discontinued and replaced with a roundel instead. The point being that it was just shield-shaped and not in any way heraldic.
Individual members, as part of their training, learn about the origins of the Societies and the protection afforded by the symbol. I would be very surprised if one of them assumed arms and flouted the conventions. I really can't see either the College or Lord Lyon granting arms with the symbol without consulting the Society first. The same would go for the St John symbol or any other publicly known symbol.
Surprisingly it is the armed forces of the various countries which abuse the symbol the most. When forces are "under arms", they just can't get their heads round the idea of "You can't bring your gun into the first aid post".
IAAH Fellow
JMcMillan
Postby JMcMillan » 21 Jul 2014, 12:56
The red cross and associated symbols used by the military medical services of non-Christian countries (red crescent, red lion-and-sun, and the recently added red crystal) are not controlled by the International Committee of the Red Cross but by the states parties to the 1st and 2nd Geneva Conventions of 1949 and other wartime belligerents.
The red cross, i.e., the Swiss federal arms in reversed colors, was originally adopted by the 1864 Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Its principal use is on the flags, armlets, facilities, and equipment employed in the medical services of armed forces in combat, and Geneva I (1949), article 44, bans all uses of the red cross or the equivalent emblems for any other purpose, except that:
(1) National Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies may use the emblems in peacetime for activities in conformity with the principles of the Red Cross movement.
(2) In wartime, these societies may use the emblems for their other activities only if they are clearly not implying the protection of the convention.
(3) International Red Cross organizations (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) may use the emblems at all times.
It is up to each state party to the Geneva Conventions to give the force of law to the provisions of the conventions within its own jurisdiction. Exactly how this is done varies from country to country.
Joseph McMillan
Alexandra, Virginia, USA
Martin Goldstraw
Location: Shropshire, England.
Contact Martin Goldstraw
Postby Martin Goldstraw » 21 Jul 2014, 13:01
NEW YORK (AP) - A federal judge has tossed out most of a lawsuit in which the health-products maker Johnson & Johnson claimed that the American Red Cross was breaking the law by licensing its famous red and white symbol to other companies.
The ruling by U.S. District Judge Jed Rakoff, made public Thursday, is the latest blow to Johnson & Johnson in a bitter trademark battle launched in August over the use of the red cross logo, which the two entities have shared for more than a century.
Originally, the trademark infringement suit demanded that the Red Cross stop using its emblem on health care products sold to the public.
A good chunk of the lawsuit was dismissed in November, but Johnson & Johnson persisted with a claim that the Red Cross, in licensing its logo to third parties, broke a federal law making it a crime for anyone to use the insignia 'for the fraudulent purpose of inducing the belief that he is a member of or an agent for the American National Red Cross.'
Rakoff rejected that argument, too. He said that when Congress chartered the Red Cross and gave it the near-exclusive right to use the red cross emblem, it also gave the group leeway to use the logo to promote itself and raise money for its charitable works.
Since then, the American Red Cross has licensed the symbol many times, to companies including manufacturers of first aid supply kits, watchmakers and the jeweler Tiffany & Co.
Johnson & Johnson's interpretation of the law, Rakoff wrote, 'would criminalize not only the licensing agreements that, as noted above, ARC has been entering into for more than a century, but also a host of other familiar and traditional ARC activities.'
The judge left intact only a small part of the suit, which contends that the Red Cross purposefully interfered with Johnson & Johnson's business relationship with two health care supply companies, Water-Jel Technologies Inc. and First Aid Only Inc.
He also dismissed a Red Cross counterclaim in which the organization said Johnson & Johnson was, itself, engaging in trademark violations by using the red cross symbol on certain products.
Johnson & Johnson spokesman Marc Monseau said the company was disappointed that the judge rejected its argument regarding commercial uses of the emblem, but pleased that it was cleared to continue using the red cross as its trademark.
The company began using the symbol in 1887, six years after the creation of the American Red Cross, but prior to the creation of the group's federal charter in 1900. Johnson & Johnson's use of the trademark was grandfathered under a 1905 law.
'We are reviewing the decision and look forward to continuing this process to resolve our legal dispute with the American Red Cross,' Monseau said.
A spokeswoman for the American Red Cross had no immediate comment on the ruling.
http://shares.telegraph.co.uk/news/arti ... 1&epic=JNJ
Cheshire Heraldry
http://cheshire-heraldry.org.uk
Mike_Oettle
Location: Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Postby Mike_Oettle » 16 Mar 2015, 20:39
While the International Committee of the Red Cross might have avoided any armorial use of their emblem, it is clearly derived from the Swiss national arms (although that device is hardly of mediæval origin as a national symbol).
So to say that it is entirely non-heraldic is not entirely true.
It seems highly likely that the Portuguese Red Cross makes use of the red cross as a symbol, in addition to its appearance in its corporate coat of arms. And certainly in wartime it would not want its ambulances to be mistaken by the enemy.
I personally like the coat of arms, and feel it a pity that the Portuguese society is probably unique within the Red Cross in having a coat of arms.
The fear of the Lord is a fountain of life.
[Proverbs 14:27]
Return to “Portuguese heraldry”
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Book Ade Makinde and he will enthrall your listeners with a tale which is already capturing the imagination of Hollywood producers; one possessing the raw components of Rocky meets Raging Bull on the Mean Streets of Jersey City.
The story of hard punching Frankie DePaula, one of the American Dream gone awry, is a true-life cocktail of corruption, betrayal, hubris and murder set against the backdrop of the sport of boxing and the world of the Mafia in the 1960s.
It is a gritty retelling of the world epitomised by the ‘Soprano State’ culture bedevilling contemporary New Jersey; a world inhabited by a charismatic but flawed figure who was close friends with both Frankie Valli and Joe Namath, and counted Frank Sinatra among his fans.
Ade will reveal to your audience what he discovered from long-buried government documents as well as the testimonies of first hand witnesses to uncover the murky goings-on in the ‘Dead End’ culture of Jersey City
The death of his manager in circumstances which point to a Mob orchestrated plan to gain control of Frankie’s drawing power
suspicions that he threw a world title bout at the behest of the Mob
his involvement in Mob sponsored endeavours and how suspicions that he was an FBI informant and
his dalliance with the daughter of a high-ranking member of the Genovese family led to his execution-style shooting in an alleyway in Jersey City
Part historical chronicle and part expose, it is a story that will shock as well as inform and entertain listeners.
CREDENTIALS: Adeyinka Makinde trained as a barrister and is a lecturer in law. Based in England, he has served as a programme consultant and provided expert commentary for BBC World Service Radio. He wrote the well-reviewed biography, Dick Tiger: The Life and Times of a Boxing Immortal, which was published in 2005.
AVAILABILITY: Nationwide by telephone & New York City by arrangement
CONTACT: Jed Dimatteo, Ade's US Representative (201-309-0021) and thelawacademy@aol.com
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Ben Kende Official Website: You Tube | Events and Updates | Research
The greater good of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Ben’s Story
Directors, Trustees, and Advisory Committee
Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI)
News – SCI Conference in China
Exercised Based Approaches to Therapy
Resources in Hong Kong for the Disabled
Therapy Centres Overseas
Self Fundraising
On The Beaten Track – Accessible Hikes In Hong Kong
Tips On Taking A Holiday In Inaccessible Countries
BKF Events
Honorable Bernard Chan – Chairman of Hong Kong Council of Social Services (in his role as supporter rather than patron)
The Ben Kende Foundation offers hope and inspiration to anyone who has been affected by spinal injury and associated paralysis and other serious disabilities. The Foundation is making a real difference in encouraging research into spinal cord injuries and therapies, and in offering information and other resources to help victims of such injuries undergo rehabilitation and continue with successful and fulfilling lives. This issue is often overlooked in Hong Kong, and the Foundation deserves the support of the whole community.
Claudia Mo – Member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council
I am honoured to be a Patron of a foundation doing such wonderful work for those with crippling spinal injuries. The Ben Kende Foundation has been the leader in showing what can be done, helping them receive the treatment and support which can enable them to lead constructive lives. Ben Kende himself, who now has a degree in commerce and is studying for another in law, is himself an example of what can be achieved when resources are added to individual determination. I hope the government itself, as well as private firms and individuals, can get behind such efforts. This is not just a humanitarian issue. It is an investment in the future self-reliance of those with such grievous injuries.
Ivy Zhang Wei
My name is Ivy Zhang Wei. I took up gymnastics at the age of four but in 2008 I got injured during a training session and became quadriplegic. Following a two-year hospital stay I returned to the community and worked hard on rehabilitation to strengthen my abilities while continuing to attend school. Thanks for the loves and care from my parents, medical staff and the teachers. Their encouragements and support has helped me to go through the hardships that I encountered.
In 2012, I was named as one of the ” Ten Regeneration Warriors”.
I’m now an undergraduate of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, majoring Applied Biology with Biotechnology. I hope to devote myself in the research on spinal cord injury or related area upon my graduation.
David suffered an extreme accident at the age of 18 in 2009, when he fell from a balcony in Aberdeen. (He had been due to travel to Scotland the next day to start his university degree). His accident was so extreme David could not speak for three months. With incredible courage and determination, and a wonderful family, he re-engaged in his life, doing a Bachelors at Sunderland University Hong Kong and therapy trips to the Philippines.
Rocky Mileto – Hearts in Union
Rocky was a famous New South Wales rugby players who suffered a very serious rugby injury in 1995. As his name implies, nothing would stop him from going forward. He studied law at Macquarie University, and now he helps injured players through Hearts in Union, an Australian charity for injured rugby players. Rocky is happily married with two young children, who he races after in his electric wheelchair.
Perry Cross
While representing Queensland in rugby in 1994 Perry suffered such a serious accident that he as paralyzed from the neck down. Perry has set up a huge spinal injury research foundation in Australia, and recently visited Hong Kong to further his sponsorship of spinal injury research. Perry is particularly interested in stem cell research for spinal injured that is being conducted in Brisbane. Undaunted by his physical challenges, Perry is a determined and energetic guy who is engaged to a professional swimming champion.
THE BLACK AND WHITE SPINAL CURE DINNER
On The Beaten Track – Accessible Hikes In Hong Kong (Part 3)
BKF Supporters & Friends
© · All Rights Reserved · Ben Kende 2018
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Bagwells.com
A Web-based Genealogy Project
(?) Gellinger
(?) Gellinger married Cindy Bagwell, daughter of Travis V. Bagwell and Louise Marilyn Ward, before 1988.
Johnnie Franklin Newman
Johnnie Franklin Newman married Nellie Mae Bagwell, daughter of William Lucious Bagwell and Annie K. Munnerlyn, on 24 December 1930 at Yuma, Arizonia.
John H. Sherman
John H. Sherman married Edith Adlina Bagwell, daughter of William Lucious Bagwell and Annie K. Munnerlyn, before 1971. John H. Sherman and Edith Adlina Bagwell were divorced in March 1971 at San Diego County, California.
Harry H. Haff
Harry H. Haff married Nellie Mae Bagwell, daughter of William Lucious Bagwell and Annie K. Munnerlyn, on 25 February 1956 at Yuma, Arizonia.
James Ernest "Jimmy" Bagwell Jr.
M, b. 17 August 1946, d. 24 May 2007
James Ernest "Jimmy" Bagwell Jr. was born on 17 August 1946 in Brooklyn, New York County, New York. He served as a SGT in the US Air Force during the Vietnam War. He married Janice JOhnson in 1977. James Ernest "Jimmy" Bagwell Jr. died on 24 May 2007 at age 60. He was buried at Garrison Forest Veterans Cemetery, Owings Mills, Baltimore County, Maryland.
Child of James Ernest "Jimmy" Bagwell Jr. and Janice JOhnson
Tashia M. Bagwell
Janice JOhnson
F, b. 18 February 1946, d. 16 September 2020
Janice JOhnson was born on 18 February 1946. As of 1965,her married name was Harris. She married Vernon K. Harris in 1965. As of 1977,her married name was Bagwell. Janice JOhnson married James Ernest "Jimmy" Bagwell Jr. in 1977. Janice JOhnson died on 16 September 2020 at age 74. She was buried at Garrison Forest Veterans Cemetery, Owings Mills, Baltimore County, Maryland;
Obituary for Janice Bagwell
A Time to Be Born
Janice Bagwell entered this world on February 18, 1946 in Baltimore, Maryland. Janice was
the fourth eldest of twelve children born to the late Nathaniel and Esther Johnson. Janice grew up in South Baltimore and lived all of her adult life in West Baltimore.
A Time to Learn
Janice was educated in the Baltimore City Public Schools System where her love for reading and watching educational documentaries were expanded. In 1964, Janice graduated from Edmondson High School with a major in Business Education. When her formal education ended, Janice continued to have an enthusiasm for learning and acquiring new and interesting information. She would often call relatives and friends to share what she learned.
A Time to Work
Upon graduating from Edmondson High School, Janice began her career at Carr Lowrey’s
Glass Company. Janice was a valuable member of the organization and made many significant contributions to ensure the overall effectiveness of accounts and customer needs were addressed. Janice remained as a dedicated and integral member at Carr Lowery’s for thirty-five years before retiring in 2001.
A Time for Love and Family
In 1965, Janice married the late Vernon M. Harris and from this union they were blessed
with one son, Vernon K. Harris, whom she affectionately named “sweet chocolate”. Janice
loved her son dearly and devoted an endless amount of time and showering him with love
and attention and establishing an eternal and loving bond. Janice was Vernon’s “No. 1 girl”
and they spent time together each day.
As life sometimes happens, the union between Janice and Vernon M dissolved and she met the late James “Jimmy” Ernest Bagwell. After a loving courtship the two decided to marry in 1977. With still more love to share, Janice and Jimmy decided to expand their family and were blessed to welcome a beautiful daughter, Tashia Bagwell. Janice loved Tashia and often said “this was the daughter that I always wanted”. And Tashia loved her “Janny-Pooh”.
They were the best of friends and often had long talks about many different topics. Most of the time, those talks ended with Janice’s favorite saying “Mommy knows best” and Tashia would eventually agree. Janice and Tashia loved to go shopping together and would always say “let’s just go in one store” but quickly that one turned into many as they laughed and ended their day with a bite to eat—usually a sandwich from Subway. Janice enjoyed being a mother and dedicated her life to ensuring that Vernon and Tashia understood the value of family and the importance of siblings always supporting
each other.
A Time to Choose God
Janice accepted Christ and received her Christian education at a young age. She became an active and dedicated member of Evergreen African Methodist Episcopal Church. During her time as member of Evergreen AME, Janice served the Lord and participated in a number of ministries including Pastor’s Aide, Women’s Day Committee, Outreach Committee, Women’s Ministry and Ministry for Senior Citizens. Janice grew as a Christian and deepened her understanding of God’s word through the leadership and friendship of Dr. M. Ruth Travis. Once Dr. Travis retired, Janice joined the St. Paul Institutional Baptist Church under the leadership of Pastor Kobi Robertson where she continued her spiritual growth. Janice looked forward to Sunday worship and weekly fellowship with Pastor Kobi and the members of St. Paul Institutional Baptist Church.
A Time for an Earthly Farewell
Janice departed this life on Wednesday, September 16, 2020. Janice fought valiantly until
she slipped away. Janice enjoyed the simple things in life, planting and tending to a beautiful garden, shopping for a bargain, using her creative talents to enhance the home lively conversation with family, friends and neighbors. Janice would meet strangers and within five minutes they would share their entire life story with her.
Leaving some people to say she had a “PhD in common sense.” Janice has earned her crown and was lovingly welcomed into the arms of her savior. Janice leaves to cherish her memory one son, Vernon K. Harris, Baltimore, MD; one daughter, Tashia M. Bagwell, Baltimore, MD, one grandson, Brandon L. Sells, two granddaughters Milan N. Harris and Ryann A. Smith (all of Baltimore, MD) one sister-in law; Harriet E. Skinner (Hampton, VA), one brother-n-law; Vernon Savage (Baltimore, MD), six sisters; Paige Baker(Melvyn), Barbara Weathers, Brenda Young, Linda Johnson, Denise Moore (William) and Gail Baker; one brother Craig Johnson, (all of Baltimore, MD); two aunts; Sylvia Lyles and Bernice Rogers, Favorite Cousin Ronnie Savage (Louise); one Godson Barry Murphy, two Goddaughters Ericka McCray and Janell Westbrook, a very special and dear friend; Ms.Vernell Fussell and a host of nieces, nephews, neighbors and devoted friends.
Child of Janice JOhnson and Vernon K. Harris
Vernon Harris
Child of Janice JOhnson and James Ernest "Jimmy" Bagwell Jr.
Tashia M. Bagwell is the daughter of James Ernest "Jimmy" Bagwell Jr. and Janice JOhnson.
Vernon K. Harris
Vernon K. Harris married Janice JOhnson in 1965.
Child of Vernon K. Harris and Janice JOhnson
Vernon Harris is the son of Vernon K. Harris and Janice JOhnson.
George W. Bagwell
M, b. 21 May 1887
George W. Bagwell was born on 21 May 1887 in Accomack County, Virginia. He was the son of Collier Bagwell and Lucy (?) George W. Bagwell lived in 1890 in Monmouth County, New Jersey. He served in Company F, 3rd US ???. He married Mary Downing on 24 October 1909 at Savageville, Virginia. George W. Bagwell and Mary Downing lived in 1910 in Long Branch Ward 5, Monmouth County, New Jersey. George W. Bagwell lived in 1917 in Accomack County, Virginia. He was buried in 1935 at White Ridge Cemetery, Eatontown, Monmouth County, New Jersey.
Mary Downing
F, b. October 1891, d. 9 October 1935
Mary Downing was also known as Mary Paddy. She was born in October 1891 in Parksley, Virginia. As of 24 October 1909,her married name was Bagwell. She married George W. Bagwell, son of Collier Bagwell and Lucy (?), on 24 October 1909 at Savageville, Virginia. Mary Downing and George W. Bagwell lived in 1910 in Long Branch Ward 5, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Mary Downing died on 9 October 1935 in State Hospital, Marlboro, New Jersey. She was buried at White Ridge Cemetery, Eatontown, Monmouth County, New Jersey.
Collier Bagwell
M, b. before 1870
Collier Bagwell was born before 1870. He married Lucy (?) before 1887.
Child of Collier Bagwell and Lucy (?)
George W. Bagwell b. 21 May 1887
Lucy (?)
Lucy (?) married Collier Bagwell before 1887.
Child of Lucy (?) and Collier Bagwell
Wilson Drummond
Wilson Drummond married Catherine Kate Bagwell, daughter of Ephraim Bagwell and Ann Phillips, before 1923.
Collin Henderson
Collin Henderson married Lucille "Lucy" Bagwell, daughter of Ephraim Bagwell and Ann Phillips, in 1886 at Accomack County, Virginia.
John Thomas Turner
M, b. circa 1868
John Thomas Turner was born circa 1868. He married Lucille "Lucy" Bagwell, daughter of Ephraim Bagwell and Ann Phillips, on 13 July 1919 at Savageville, Accomack County, Virginia.
Charles Bagwell
Charles Bagwell is the son of William John Bagwell and Fannie Van Delia Glenn.
Cordie Bagwell
Cordie Bagwell is the daughter of William John Bagwell and Fannie Van Delia Glenn.
Morris Bagwell
Morris Bagwell is the son of William John Bagwell and Fannie Van Delia Glenn.
Kate Bagwell
Kate Bagwell is the daughter of William John Bagwell and Fannie Van Delia Glenn.
Raymond Bagwell
Raymond Bagwell is the son of William John Bagwell and Fannie Van Delia Glenn.
Esther Bagwell
Esther Bagwell is the daughter of William John Bagwell and Fannie Van Delia Glenn.
Dora Bagwell
Dora Bagwell is the daughter of William John Bagwell and Fannie Van Delia Glenn.
Ulysses Bagwell
Ulysses Bagwell is the son of William John Bagwell and Fannie Van Delia Glenn.
Susan Lynn Szewczyk
Susan Lynn Szewczyk married Kenneth W. Bagwell, son of Maurice Wilbur Bagwell and Mary S. Harron, on 26 May 1990 at Patapsco United Methodist Church, Baltimore, Maryland.
Samuel N. Dickerson
Samuel N. Dickerson married Ruth Margaret Bagwell, daughter of John Wilbur Bagwell and Clara Olivia Fick, after 1930.
Charles F. Mansur
Charles F. Mansur married Ruth Margaret Bagwell, daughter of John Wilbur Bagwell and Clara Olivia Fick, after 1940.
Margaret Elizabeth
Margaret Elizabeth married Charles Edwin Bagwell, son of John Wilbur Bagwell and Clara Olivia Fick, on 1 February 1947 at Maryland.
Child of Margaret Elizabeth and Charles Edwin Bagwell
Robin Lee Bagwell
Descendents of Henry Bagwell
Robin Lee Bagwell is the daughter of Charles Edwin Bagwell and Margaret Elizabeth. Robin Lee Bagwell married Demetrios Kastanaras after 1965.
Demetrios Kastanaras
Demetrios Kastanaras married Robin Lee Bagwell, daughter of Charles Edwin Bagwell and Margaret Elizabeth, after 1965.
Compiler: Hunter Bagwell
Site updated on 18 Jan 2021 at 5:38:17 PM from HUNTER BAGWELL FAMILY HISTORY; 26,367 people
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The Russian Government
Government meeting
Event / Photo / Video / Participants
Dmitry Medvedev , Dmitry Rogozin , Olga Golodets , Viktor Ishayev , Dmitry Livanov , Vladimir Puchkov , Mikhail Abyzov , Igor Slunyayev
Dmitry Medvedev: We are here for our first meeting this year, so I wish everyone success. Today we will be discussing a vital sphere, education, in particular the implementation of the project to modernise the regional elements of our system of general education.
Education has been and will most likely remain the key priority of the state for the coming years and possibly even decades. It concerns long-term development trends and the future of the country and, of course, the lives of millions of people. It concerns both pupils and parents, as well as our large teaching community. The country needs well trained citizens with a modern mindset as the foundation for the country’s competitiveness and its ability to address the key issues of global development.
The implementation of the Education national priority project and the Our New School initiative has created an environment for modernising the content and conditions of education as well as schools’ financing and equipment. We have seen this happening, and this work has not yet been completed. The law On Education has been adopted recently, following lengthy and complex discussions. Working under the project to modernise regional elements of the system of general education, we have consolidated resources in the most important spheres of school development. Federal subsidies are being allocated to give the regions the possibility to fulfil their commitments most effectively.
I’d like to remind you that this project is designed for three years, from 2011 through 2013. In all, 120 billion roubles will be allocated for its implementation from the federal budget, including 60 billion in 2012 and 40 billion this year. The regions allocated about 20 billion roubles for this project in 2011 through 2012.
Much has been accomplished over the past two years. Many schools have been repaired and provided with modern equipment, including for introducing modern educational standards. Sport halls, libraries and canteens have been repaired at many schools. Last year, major repairs were completed at over 3,000 schools. Of course, we have not achieved the desired result at all schools, and parents still have reasons to complain, including to the Government. We understand that nothing had been done in many regions for years, if not decades. The situation there is dramatic, because no money had been invested there, and many schools had not been repaired for decades and so have become dilapidated.
Honestly speaking, the countryside and other regions sometimes lack the basic amenities. Quite often at schools there is no heating, no hot food and even no toilets. Once, I visited a school at a community where they managed to show me everything, including a computer class. When I left the school, the parents whispered to my ear that there was no toilet there. At the same time they boasted of their computer class. We must make sure such situations do not exist. Actually, our consolidated efforts, those of the Federal Government, Russian regions and municipal entities, must aim to accomplish this. I would like to once again draw attention to the fact that substantial funding is being allocated. Therefore, the heads of territories and municipal entities are supposed to ensure their cost-effective spending.
In 2013, we must implement all planned measures. First of all, we must renovate school buildings, purchase additional equipment, which is lacking, install available equipment, deliver modern literature to libraries and connect libraries to online networks. And, of course, we must try to ensure modern Internet connections. The share of schools with broadband Internet access with a speed of at least two megabytes per second should increase. Whenever necessary, the concerned officials must buy vehicles and bus children to schools from other communities, especially where schools with few students are being merged into larger educational institutions. And, at long last, we must provide permanent professional improvement opportunities for teachers in line with the most advanced curricula.
The salaries of school teachers is a special parameter, which continues to be monitored. Indeed, this is a key factor of school renovation. I repeat that this is a key, but not the only, factor. Nevertheless, salaries must serve as an incentive enabling teachers to work better, effectively and creatively. The Ministry of Education and Science will now report on what has been accomplished.
In November 2012, the salaries of all teachers in Russia exceeded the average national economic wages by over 10%. However, this amounts to average wages. This parameter does not reflect the situation in specific regions. However, teachers’ salaries in over a third of Russian regions have exceeded the average regional economic wages in 2012. At any rate, we must completely even out the salaries of teachers, so that they would equal the average economic wages during the comparable period. We must do our best to accomplish this objective. I would like to stress that we have the right to expect effective results, while making such impressive allocations. The Minister will now tell us what has been done in various regions.
As usual, regional leaders have been invited to attend the Government meeting on the main issue. Today, I will give the floor to Tyumen Region Governor Vladimir Yakushev and Kirov Region Governor Nikita Belykh.
The next item on our agenda also deals with education and the allocation of federal-budget subsidies. As I have already said, first-category subsidies will be used to modernise regional education systems. Second-category subsidies will be used to pay bonuses to teachers for classroom management. Almost 11.5 billion roubles will be spent on these purposes in 2013. About 800,000 educators working at state and municipal educational institutions will receive 1,000-rouble bonuses for classroom management. These bonuses will be adjusted, depending on the number of students. And, finally, third-category subsidies worth 200 million roubles will be spent as bonuses for the best teachers. Each of them will receive 200,000 roubles. In all, every year one thousand of the most talented and successful educators receive these bonuses. I would like to remind you that this measure was introduced by the January 2010 Presidential Executive Order. And we will continue to implement it.
We will examine another important issue, although all issues are serious, and they concern the entire country. I am talking about measures to prepare for a more effective and high-tech response to large-scale emergencies and fires. The civil-defence and early-warning systems must be absolutely modern. We all realise this. The events of last year have proved this rather convincingly. It does not matter whether we are talking about industrial accidents or natural calamities. In this context, it is particularly important that we provide units and services of the Ministry of Civil Defence, Emergencies and Disaster Relief with additional state-of-the-art equipment. We have been implementing these decisions over the past few years. Much has been done in line with a programme to re-equip units of this Ministry. We started actively implementing this programme after the events of the summer of 2010 with its wildfires. We purchased new fixed-wing aircraft, new-generation fire-fighting and rescue equipment and mobile communications systems. We spent an impressive 16 billion roubles for these purposes. In 2013, there are plans to purchase an additional 127 pieces of equipment worth over 1.5 billion roubles, along with other technical means. In effect, this work must continue, so that we receive modern capabilities, which would match the scale of our state.
As regards the first issue – the implementation of a project for the modernisation of regional education systems – Mr Dmitry Livanov, you have the floor.
Dmitry Livanov (Minister of Education and Science): Mr Medvedev, colleagues. Implementation of the project for the modernisation of regional systems of education began in September 2011. The key target was to provide systemic changes in our school education, including improving teaching conditions, making the system of education more transparent, and introducing and spreading modern educational technologies. Along with these changes, the average teachers’ salary has reached the average wage level of a region’s economy.
The ideology of the project of modernising regional educational systems is to switch over from supporting the leaders under the Education national project and the Our New School initiative to overall distribution of the best practices that have been accumulated. This should lead to deep and serious changes in our school education. Today every Russian region is implementing a set of measures for the modernisation of regional educational systems, coordinated with the Ministry of Education and Science. The measures contain the main parameters for the project’s realisation and areas on which funding should be spent.
Mr Medvedev, the total volume of the project’s funding is 120 billion roubles, as you have already said. Above that, over nearly two years, the regions have spent 20 billion roubles on modernisation. This includes improving the infrastructure, teachers’ qualifications and more. In 2013, we plan to set aside 15 billion roubles for these purposes from regional budgets. In addition, regions bear serious expenses on increasing teachers’ salaries. By our estimate, in 2011-2012, 55 billion roubles was allocated for this purpose from the regional budgets, and in 2013 the relevant funding will be 23 billion roubles. Federal budget subsidies will mainly be provided for purchasing equipment, including that for gyms and libraries, improving teachers’ qualifications, replenishing school libraries’ shelves, major and minor repairs, energy conservation efforts and purchasing vehicles to deliver students to schools.
The amount of these subsidies depends on the number of pupils in urban and rural areas, but for each rural student the sum is doubled. This means accelerated development of rural schools is prioritised.
Since the implementation of the project for the modernisation of regional educational systems was launched in September 2011, average teachers’ salary grew from 13,800 roubles to 25,200 roubles in November 2012, which is an increase of more than 70%. In 2011, salaries grew on average by 14% as compared to 2010, and by November 2012, by 52% above that. The most substantial increase and growth dynamics were observed in the Republic of Tatarstan, the Chukotka Autonomous Area, the Arkhangelsk and Tula regions and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area.
Dmitry Medvedev: We still have problem areas.
Dmitry Livanov: Yes, I will speak about them now.
According to the objectives agreed upon in spring 2012 between us and our regions, by the end of 2012 regions were to raise average teachers’ salary to the average 2011 salary level across all industries. That was the project’s ideology, and all the regions fulfilled the task. The President set an even more ambitious task to bring teachers’ salaries to the average level across all industries in the relevant period, that is November to November, the fourth quarter to the fourth quarter, and so on.
This is the current situation: as of November 2012, the average teacher salary was higher than the regional average in 29 regions. The highest growth has taken place in Moscow (142%), the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area (122%), the Perm Territory (117%) and the Leningrad Region (117%). In 34 regions, the correlation between the average teacher salary and the regional average is about 90% - 100%, which is a pretty small gap, and we are confident that we will overcome it in the nearest future. There are also 21 regions where this gap is over 10%, such as the republics of Ingushetia, Kalmykia, Tyva, Dagestan and Altai. We also see that the situation is best in the regions where new models of per capita financing and a new system of teachers’ remuneration were put into practice.
The main results of 2012 projects are displayed in Chart 7, and I will comment on some of them. The main expenditures for 2011 and 2012 were equipment for schools. We pay a great deal of attention, above all, to purchasing equipment for schools in remote rural areas, including equipment for distance learning. We are sure that this trend will continue in 2013. In 2012, 14,000 schools received new equipment. Teachers are provided with additional training opportunities. In 2012, 240,000 teachers took part in additional training and re-training programmes. It is also very important that other personnel changes are taking place. Performance evaluation of teachers will be conducted at least once every five years, with their positions being confirmed. In 2013, we will introduce new requirements for meeting professional standards, thus standardising the performance criteria across each region.
In 2012, some significant funds were allocated to repair and renovate school buildings. This is a new direction, introduced in 2012 by requests of regional heads, school principals and parents. It is indeed very important. Thus, 10,000 schools were renovated in 2012, with a major overhaul conducted in 3,000. In all, 60 regions allocated money for the renovation of schools.
About 3,000 vehicles were purchased, a large number which will definitely solve the problem of accessibility for children living in remote villages.
Our project is being implemented in accordance with the principles of maximum openness. Polls suggest that the changes are having an impact on teachers, students and their parents. Ninety-four percent of respondents say that they are aware of what is being done to modernise the regional education systems, while 76% call the results of the project positive or satisfactory. But people also recognise faults. Most of them have to do with the quality of repair works and modernisaton of the buildings; the opportunity to control the attendance and achievements of children using an Internet or mobile service; free Internet access in any part of the school building (students are also interested in this); and a modern cafeteria with good meals.
Dmitry Medvedev: Children will want to stay all day long in a cafeteria with Wi-Fi access.
Dmitry Livanov: Yes. Teachers and principles see an increase in paperwork as a result of monitoring which we are conducting now.
I will say a couple of words about this. The analysis of the results of the measures aimed at modernising regional education systems for the past two years, social surveys, the constant work which is being done with the regions, have helped us outline the priorities and expected results of the project for 2013, which will be the last year of the project.
Plans call for each elementary school to be provided with multimedia equipment for lessons featuring electronic educational resources. Also, all rural schools attended by children from other villages will be equipped with school buses. We are actively working with the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of the Interior to make such transportation safe, which is also very important. And third, we will provide each high school pupil with the opportunity to study subjects that are interesting to them using distance learning programmes. This is particularly important for children with mobility restrictions and those living in remote areas. Fourth, we will provide advanced training in new educational standards for all primary and secondary school teachers. Fifth, we will provide free textbooks to all students as part of the standard. This hasn’t been done yet, and many parents contacted us, the Government and the President, about this issue.
By late 2013, each school should have water supply and sewage systems in accordance with sanitary regulations. We believe it is critical to conduct repairs at as many school buildings as possible in order to close this matter.
Another very important task that we are faced with is reducing the amount of reporting provided by secondary educational institutions. The current monitoring system covers all 45,158 schools in Russia. Information about teachers’ salaries and changes at schools goes into the system from each school, and is generalised. However, we see that the burden on schools has increased as a result and in the first half of 2013 we will end duplicate requests and introduce uniform federal monitoring. We will introduce a single information system, which will consolidate all existing qualitative and quantitative information about schools.
Mr Medvedev, in accordance with your directives we will expand, starting this year, the project to upgrade regional secondary education systems by including modernisation programmes for preschool and extended education. This will allow us to combine all projects related to increasing salaries of education workers and to bring all regional education systems into one integrated project.
That concludes my report.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thank you. We have dozens of regions where teachers’ salaries are still an issue. I want to have a conference call with them to see why this is happening.
Dmitry Livanov: Mr Medvedev, may I report on the second matter? You have already listed the main types of subsidies that will be used to resolve...
Dmitry Medvedev: Please make arrangements for what I just said.
Dmitry Livanov: Yes, we will. I will not elaborate on this now. All guidelines and all calculations have been made in accordance with the approved Government decisions. The projects have been agreed in due course with the Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Regional Development and the Ministry of Finance. We need you to support these projects.
Dmitry Medvedev: All right. Please take a seat, Mr Livanov.
Colleagues, we have heard two reports, including the one on funding regional systems. Are there any questions for the Minister? Are there any proposals?
If you don’t have any material comments, then I would like to give the floor to our governors, who, in fact, are dealing with these projects. Let’s begin with the Tyumen Region. Mr Yakushev, over to you.
Vladimir Yakushev (Tyumen Region Governor): Mr Medvedev and meeting participants, the Tyumen Region has carried out all activities planned under the initiative of the Russian Government to modernise regional secondary education systems. We have complied with all targets provided by the project in accordance with the agreements that the region signed with the Ministry of Education and Science. We have raised salaries of school teachers and staff. As of late 2012, the average salary of school teachers was 29,300, which corresponds to the average salary in the Tyumen Region.
We are building modern education infrastructure. According to the Ministry of Education and Science, 92% of the students go to properly upgraded secondary schools. We have bought requisite amounts of modern teaching, laboratory, computer and technical equipment for schools. We have purchased 174 school buses that meet government standards. All schools have acquired textbooks and study aids in accordance with the new education standards. Internet bandwidth has been increased from 128 kbps to 512 kbps at all schools in the Tyumen Region. Work is being performed to create a barrier-free environment at educational institutions. In 2012, 39% of educational institutions were accessible for children with disabilities. We have created a system to identify and support talented children that includes over 250 regional contests and competitions. We have established a regional database of gifted children with over 1,800 names in it. Schools are improving professional guidance systems for students based on the priorities of innovation-driven development of the region. The focus is placed primarily on engineering, mathematics, physics and chemistry. We are creating a professional guidance centre in Tyumen for the entire Tyumen Region, which will be used not only by students, but by employees of all ages. Nevertheless, it will include a separate programme for schoolchildren.
We have expanded the social package available to employees of educational institutions. The regional budget is paying for housing improvements for teachers, including the provision of housing in rural areas, housing loans and subsidies, and mortgages with preferential terms. We are also covering teachers’ rent in urban areas. As a result, more than 1,740 employees of educational institutions have improved their living conditions over the past two years. As a result, the average age of teachers has dropped from 48 to 41 years over the last three years, and we believe the benefits package has played quite a significant role in this. All teachers and heads of educational institutions, 9,911 in all, have received advanced professional training in accordance with the new educational standards.
These measures are effective, particularly for keeping existing teachers; however, they are not enough to lure young professionals into teaching. We believe that this issue is directly related to the teacher training system. Higher schools, including universities, do not focus on teacher training properly. For them, it has become an almost non-core area of training. We believe that promoting teacher training should be a priority during the next phase of the education modernisation effort.
The monitoring conducted by the Ministry of Education and Science revealed that two federal teacher training universities in the Tyumen Region are inefficient and need to be reorganised. We share this view of the Ministry. However, these universities have accumulated considerable positive expertise over years and the necessary capacity for development. Based on the demographic forecasts, the Tyumen Region will need more skilled teachers trained under new programmes, especially in subjects such as science. Therefore, we believe that we should team up with the Ministry of Education and Science and focus on developing a road map for these educational institutions, taking into account the needs of the regional education system. We believe we should make use of the expertise gained by the Ministry of Healthcare when it organised targeted enrolment of students in medical schools, and at least 50% of students paid for by the budget should be trained as teachers.
To sum up, I can say that the intermediate results of the efforts to modernise the education system in our region lead us to believe that we will be able to further develop and improve it. Thank you.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thank you, Mr Yakushev. Mr Belykh, please tell us how things are in the Kirov Region?
Nikita Belykh (Kirov Region Governor): Mr Medvedev, Government members and guests, unlike the Tyumen Region, the Kirov Region has a number of limitations.
Dmitry Medvedev: We are aware of that.
Nikita Belykh: However, in terms of secondary education, the Kirov Region is a leader among other Russian regions, which can be seen not only from the average score of the unified state exam and the number of medal winners, but also the number of winners in nationwide and international contests and competitions. So, the regional government really focuses on upgrading the regional education system. Our socio-economic development strategy to 2020 includes forming a new education model so that everyone can get a high-quality and affordable education at any level regardless of health conditions or place of residence.
Accordingly, the modernisation project currently underway in Russia has substantially accelerated the process of resolving key issues in this industry. Significant increases in teachers' salaries are among the most important effects. The average salary of teachers was just over 9,000 in the Kirov Region in early 2011, whereas it stood at 19,000 in December 2012, thanks to federal support and our own regional efforts.
This project will greatly improve the technological level of schools and facilitate the implementation of innovative federal educational standards. We are introducing new technology not only for children with disabilities, but also for children living in remote areas. I would like to focus more on the challenges that we are faced with as we implement the regional educational system modernisation programme.
The teaching staff – I fully agree with my colleague Mr Yakushev – is the biggest problem. We are doing our best to resolve this problem. We have developed a systemic approach to attract young professionals to schools. We encourage the best school graduates to become teachers by paying them higher stipends in the amount of 5,000 roubles, and we also provide financial support to those who go to work in schools, particularly in rural areas. However, whereas the regional education system needs 600 teachers a year, only a little over 200 students enrol with teacher training departments. We are sending our considerations and numbers to the Ministry of Education, but they are advisory in nature, meaning that they have no legal power and the Ministry of Education cannot use them to make appropriate decisions. We have discovered an interesting relationship: the higher the average age of a teacher in a given subject, the fewer number of students are willing to choose this subject for taking their unified state exams. We have many teachers of retirement age in physics and chemistry, and the students are less willing to take these exams. If they don’t pass these exams they cannot pursue their studies in technical professions, which we’ve been discussing for a long time now.
The second issue that I would like to focus on is related to distance learning. Schools with small numbers of students are a big problem in the Kirov Region. We have a very large territory and lots of small towns and villages. In fact, we need about 120-140 schools with full attendance, whereas we have 600. Eighty percent of our schools have low numbers of students. We have schools with more teachers than students. It is absolutely clear that we will keep these schools as long as they are needed. However, the quality of education in rural schools should also be maintained at a proper level. The unified state exam makes it possible to run an in-depth analysis using a sufficiently large array of statistical data. It shows that small rural schools offer an inferior level and quality of education. There are, of course, exceptions to this rule. Therefore, we believe that it’s important to consider the system of distance learning not only in the context of children with disabilities, but also children residing in remote areas, and use all the positive achievements and skills that exist in the education system at the federal level. I believe that the experience of regions in distance education for children should be generalised at the federal level, appropriate guidelines developed, and best practices summarised, because each region has something to share.
The last issue I’d like to discuss – I’m glad that Mr Livanov mentioned it at the end of his report – is about additional or extended education and preschool education. We should realise that the processes currently taking place in secondary education will be finite and incomplete without similarly serious modernisation of extended and preschool education. The goal of modern schools is not only to educate but to raise children – the latter being a specific task of the extended education system – because general education builds on the instruction that the child receives in his preschool education and upbringing. Therefore, together with the regions, we should consider introducing a programme to modernise not only general education, but also early-childhood and preschool education.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thank you, Mr Belykh. As far as distance learning is concerned, I think the governor is right: we should sum up all the best practices existing in this country. Our country is very large, and even if we reduce the number of small ungraded schools – which we should do this with care, as the Governor of the Kirov Region said – the need for a modern distance learning will remain and even grow. It will be necessary to sum up all these practices.
Please, colleagues, any more ideas? Over to you (addressing Ignor Slyunyayev).
Igor Slyunyayev (Minister of Regional Development): Mr Medvedev, colleagues, the implementation of the priority project in education as well as the project Our New School have been backed up by a sociological study: 83% of teachers view the changes positively, according to the report. What is lacking? First, education standards, which must be raised. Following the results of 2012, only primary school received such standards, which included programmes, textbooks and all the rest. We should monitor our progress in upgrading standards in general education.
Two more problems – the new wage system and funding per person. We must understand to what extent we have embraced these new principles, this new wage system, and we must have a clear picture as regards inefficient spending in education because this represents a large reserve, including for regions.
The positive practices of regions are very important. We should study them, summarise them and promote them in the education system. For example, school meals, which are the prerogative of the regions. The fact is that children do not get school meals everywhere. In fact, schoolchildren’s health is greatly affected by what they eat during the school year. Unfortunately, not all children come from well-off families; therefore, both federal and regional authorities should take care of that, should shoulder this responsibility. Second, following your instruction, Mr Medvedev, for the first time in 2011 a so-called health passport of the regions of Russia was introduced. However, health of our schoolchildren is of paramount importance for our spending on healthcare in the future. A number of regions have introduced school students’ health cards – all secondary school students undergo regular medical checkups. This helps us analyse the situation and adequately respond to challenges relating to pupils’ health.
The ratio of teachers to other personnel is also a sensitive issue… It is an element of inefficient spending, but at times this ratio is too much. For example, 1:4 – four administrators per teacher. You have also issued an instruction to introduce a third hour of physical fitness a week. The majority of regions have introduced this third hour; it does not require large spending increases, because this hour can include exercise in gymnastics, track and field and so on – it requires no additional equipment or expense, but this is also a component of the health of our schoolchildren. In terms of introducing the third hour of physical fitness, we should bring back something like the famous Soviet-time GTO (Ready for Work and Defence of the USSR) programme: sports, health and so on. A number of regions have such nominations, and we could promote these positive practices, ensuring that 100% of pupils meet qualifying standards in sports.
We need a special programme for small ungraded schools. This is a problem. Many municipal entities and regions are concerned about it. We should understand what path we are taking.
Professional guidance for pupils is also a subject deserving special attention. This has to do with preparing future teachers and training for blue-collar jobs. I recall that in the Soviet times, extracurricular training offered pupils their first blue-collar profession; I recall that we used to develop our skills in trades at a secondary school. We graduated from schools with a secondary school diploma and a certificate of a plumber, tractor operator, driver and so on. It was voluntary, but that was a way to form future labour resources.
The rebirth of patriotic education is an issue regularly addressed in your instructions; and one of its components is not Life Security Foundations, of course, but introductory military training. If we prepare boys to serve in the Armed Forces, if we are thinking about national defence, then we should promote introductory military training across Russia, as a positive regional practice.
All pupils should take part in academic competitions in various subjects. It is true, a child’s specialisation can be seen at an early stage, whether he or she opts for humanities or science. The rate of participation of schoolchildren in such academic competitions should be one such criterion. On the whole, it is very important to use regional experience and promote positive practices throughout Russia. That is all. Thank you.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thank you, Mr Slyunyaev. You did such a good job of telling us about it all that it occurred to me we should propose delegating some of the Education Ministry's functions to the Ministry of Regional Development. Do you think you are ready for this?
Igor Slyunyaev: Thank you very much. I talked about what we'd been doing within one particular region and also of what I'd found out about the work of our counterparts in Tambov, Belgorod, Kaluga, and elsewhere. Thank you.
Dmitry Medvedev: It looks like you're up to the task. So, ladies and gentlemen, we should wrap things up now. For some reason no comments were made after the keynote speech and now suddenly you all seem eager to have your say. Please speak out, but briefly and to the point.
Mikhail Abyzov (Federal Minister): I'd like to comment on the draft decision. Mr Prime Minister, colleagues. I go along with Mr Livanov's point about the inadequacy of today's standards for reporting on teacher performance to local regulators and the Ministry. We discussed this at a ministerial Public Council meeting. In my view, we should put a rigorous timeframe on the adoption of new teacher performance reporting standards for education authorities at every level, making the procedure as simple as possible. There's a lot of information to collate and we should bear this in mind when setting a deadline. I believe it is realistic to complete the information gathering work within the first quarter of the year. That's the first point.
Another point I'd like to make concerns the use of the information being gathered. The data we're putting together relates to the ethnic composition of schools, the Unified State Exam, student performance, and so on. That kind of information is stored in state data bases including ones under regional command. I believe that as part of the efforts to develop an information sharing standard, we should supplement Article 2 of the draft decision with a suggestion to optimise our standards on sharing school-related information. That work, too, should be done by the end of the first or second quarter of the year. Once the standards are optimised and an open-source system is created, we should put this information into the public domain. Thank you.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thanks. The information should be made public, of course. I would support the first part of Mr Abyzov's speech, as well as that of the Education Minister, who brought up the issue of performance reporting. The amount of performance-related information [to be submitted to regulators] is growing with every new programme we launch. There's too much paperwork passing from schools to regional education authorities and then on to the federal ministry. So keeping that paperwork to a minimum and introducing common standards would be a step in the right direction. Ms Golodets, you have something to say on this matter, don't you?
Olga Golodets (Deputy Prime Minister): I'd like to draw your attention to one issue we discussed while assessing the results of this programme and its guidelines. So far, we've been working in a situation where younger generation population is shrinking. But now we've got some demographic readjustments to make... Because there's already a wide enough gap between the generations that entered school, say, in 2000 and those who will be coming along in the next 11 years. To give you an example, there were 1.2 million children born in 1993 and as many as 1,804,000 last year, meaning 604,000 more would-be school pupils. This increase will put pressure on school facilities. These days, any school headmaster in any region will tell you: "I have two secondary school classes, but as many as six primary school classes in the same year." That's a heavy strain on the school infrastructure as well as on the right to free school education guaranteed to every Russian family by the constitution (as was so rightly pointed out here earlier today, the quality of school facilities is key to people's sense of social well-being). So the prospective demographic boom has created a new challenge which we will have to face before long. We've had consultations with demographers on the issue. According to the estimates by the professional community, we were supposed to have zero growth last year. But there were clearly some errors in the forecasts. At the moment, experts cannot tell us with absolute certainty whether there is a link between objective or subjective factors and the actual trends. But we do have a precise idea of how many children will reach school age in each of the seven years ahead and we know that the number of potential pupils is not in line with the school infrastructure we currently have. So we'll have to...
Dmitry Medvedev: I'd put it the other way round: the infrastructure is not in line with the number of potential school pupils...
Olga Golodets: Yes, definitely, the infrastructure doesn't correspond to the numbers. And we should already be preparing ourselves for those new challenges that lie ahead, factoring in prospective demographic growth in our modernisation programme, among others.
Dmitry Medvedev: Fair enough. On the other hand, though, it may be a positive thing that some of the demographic forecasts are not coming true. We make enormous efforts and spend a lot of money [to encourage child birth], and this seems to be paying off. So we do need to make our school infrastructure correspond to the growing birth rate. It's important that we factor in the change into our future draft programmes. I'd like to bring this to the attention of the Education Ministry, the Finance Ministry and all those involved. By the way, this applies to medical institutions as much as it does to schools.
I suggest we now adopt a resolution on two of our points. Okay, they are approved.
The next point is about measures to improve our capacities, including with the use of technology, to respond to large-scale emergencies, such as fires. Mr Puchkov over to you.
Vladimir Puchkov (Minister of Civil Defence, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief): Mr Prime Minister, colleagues. Last year the Unified Emergency Prevention and Response Service (RSChS) fulfilled all the tasks assigned to it, and the damage and loss from fires, accidents and disasters decreased as a result. You can see the relevant data on Slides 2 and 3.
The number of fires was reduced by 8,000 and the death toll, by 700, thanks to a more effective system of response and prevention. More than 14 billion roubles was paid out in compensation from a federal government reserve fund, with 26 regions benefiting. Over 160,000 individuals received material compensation for property that was destroyed; 695 families received government vouchers for new houses and flats to replace housing lost due to fire. Residential facilities, complete with public service infrastructure, were built in badly affected areas. This was done through joint efforts with the regions concerned. More than 2 million people received aid and assistance from our agency.
Last year, we responded to 136 large-scale emergencies, including 96 major fires. Almost every other day saw a full-scale federal operation, involving the National Centre for Disaster Management and control systems as well as equipment and personnel from the Emergencies Ministry and the RSChS. Large-scale forces from across the country were engaged in the effort, which created an additional strain on logistics.
By and large, all the emergencies and fires we faced in 2012 were dealt with successfully and the Unified Emergency Prevention and Response Service proved their capabilities. In addition, the Russian President set new targets for improving all public administration services. Along these lines, we should continue our work to improve the emergencies agency's capabilities to respond to disasters. This will require the proactive use and introduction of new technologies. Related proposals are presented on slides 5 to 11. Let me touch upon some of them.
First of all, we propose developing the system of monitoring and preventing large-scale emergencies, such as fires. With this task in mind, a set of additional measures has been developed and is now being implemented. We also propose organising a wide-ranging exercise for the Unified Emergency Prevention and Response Service and for disaster management forces. This kind of exercise could be held under the auspices of the Russian Government in the first half of 2013, with the aim of raising the ability of emergencies units to cope with particularly challenging situations on the ground.
Another idea is to take additional measures towards upgrading the technical capacities and equipment of specialised fire and rescue units. The federal government programme to equip Emergencies Ministry forces with modern hardware and equipment is being implemented in full measure. This year emphasis will be made on upgrading hardware and equipment for fire and rescue brigades, including modern aviation technology.
A third proposal consists in introducing a computer-aided control system and other information technology, including smart and high-tech sets integrated with the GLONASS satellite navigation system. We believe there is a need to form a new high-tech force, to respond to large-scale emergencies and fires, primarily in Siberia and the Russian Far East. That force could be formed in the first quarter of 2013 and reinforced, specifically by reducing the managerial staff and increasing the number of stand-by fire and rescue brigades to over 15,000. The Emergencies Ministry has been making consistent efforts towards this goal since 2011.
Given the existing supply schedules, we consider it realistic to cover the emergencies forces' needs for modern hardware by 80% by the end of the year and for modern equipment for personnel by 100%. Our approach to rapid-response operations also requires updating.
A fourth proposal I'd like to highlight here is about adopting new approaches to large-scale emergencies. There are plans to introduce new systems of control, monitoring, prevention and warning of fires and other emergencies, at publicly important sites primarily. We'll be working towards that goal as part of the federal targeted programme Fire Safety in the Russian Federation up to 2017, which was approved on December 30 last year. This will give a new impetus to introducing modern technologies for fighting massive fires.
Other efforts include setting up, with the participation of Russia’s regions, task groups at fire guard garrisons for responding to large-scale emergencies and fighting fires locally in Russia’s regions, as they are primarily affected by such disasters. By late 2013, mobile task groups will be established in each federal district in accordance with the plan of development of the Ministry of Emergencies, which has been approved by the President. The establishment of such groups will allow for a transition from the practice of protecting critical facilities to the practice of providing comprehensive security in the territories and protection of citizens in the country’s regions.
In Russia’s Arctic zone, ten rescue and emergency centres are planned to respond to emergency situations and wildfires. This will include creating reserves to support crews’ activities in northern regions. Top priority activities are already being implemented in this regard. Additional measures will be taken to improve the individual equipment and professional training of fire fighters and rescue workers. The training of related professions is a priority as well.
Based on methods of the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group under the United Nations, we have completed the performance review of the Emergencies Ministry’s central state airmobile search and rescue team Tsentrospas, which has repeatedly been involved in working in severe conditions. Performance reviews will also be conducted for regional search and rescue crews in Siberia and the Far East.
Finally, a proposal has been made to carry out a set of measures, together with Russian executive bodies, to develop and improve the system of prevention and relief in the event of major emergencies and fires with due account of regional specifics. It is also appropriate to prepare related resources and manpower and train citizens and heads of bodies of local self-government chiefs on protection measures during emergencies.
Mr Medvedev, colleagues, all the measures and activities I mentioned are ultimately aimed at increasing the number of lives saved during disasters, reducing risks to people’s lives and health, cutting the response time for fire and rescue and other crews, and reducing losses from massive emergencies and wildfires. The draft resolution on this issue has been prepared and coordinated in accordance with established procedure. I hope that you will support it. That concludes my report.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thank you. Are there any questions for the Minister? Please go ahead [to Dmitry Rogozin].
Dmitry Rogozin (Deputy Prime Minister): Mr Medvedev, colleagues, I would like to make a brief comment. Mr Medvedev, last summer you held a meeting during the massive wildfires, and today Mr Puchkov has mentioned the decisions taken at that meeting. Overall, I would like to say that the programme we are considering today is largely based on those proposals, including the proposal to develop special equipment and hand it over to the Ministry of Emergencies. This equipment is designed for detecting wildfire flashpoints using thermal-imaging tools.
I would also like to confirm that by 2015 we will set up a satellite constellation, which will help us both battle fires and in put them out before they spread.
We will discuss all related technical issues next Monday, on January 21, at the conference call we will hold with all active participants of the defence industry involved in working on technologies that may well be used by the Ministry of Emergencies. Thank you.
Dmitry Medvedev: Thank you. Mr Ishayev, please go ahead.
Viktor Ishayev (Minister for the Development of the Russian Far East, Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District): Mr Medvedev, colleagues, the meeting attendees have made particular note of Siberia and the Far East. The latter amounts to 36.1% of the country’s area but has only 4.4% of its population – this speaks to additional problems the territory faces due to the low population density. Owing to active efforts of the Ministry of Emergencies, which often went beyond their scope, such as extinguishing wildfires and taking part in other activities, in 2012 we managed to keep the situation at an acceptable level.
We vigorously support such efforts as setting up and enhancing crews and providing new equipment, and we are ready to cooperate in these areas. I have to say that the Ministry of Emergencies actively responds to proposals, and such joint efforts make it possible to keep the situation under control. So I request that you support it as well. I am not sure whether it is reasonable to reduce the number of people involved there. If necessary, the number should be increased. But such mobile equipped crews are highly important, as it is impossible to set up such groups in every region. Thank you.
Dmitry Medvedev: Is that all? Thanks. I propose that we take our final decision with due consideration of what has been said. That’s settled then.
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Poland courts East Africa as strategic partner
As Poland celebrates 100 years of Independence this year, the country is revamping its relations with the region and has already advanced a $110 million credit to Tanzania to improve its agriculture and food security sectors.
Speaking to The EastAfrican in Warsaw, deputy director of the Department of Economic Co-operation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Konrad Pawlik said that, given its agriculture potential and growing consumer market, Tanzania fits in with Poland’s focus on economic and development co-operation.
In 2008, Poland closed its embassy in Dar es Salaam due to budgetary constraints, but it was reopened last year.
The deputy director of the Department of Africa and the Middle East, Michal Cygan, said that since 2016, Tanzania has been a priority for scholarships including the Ignacy Lukasiewicz programme.
While celebrating the centenary of Poland’s Independence, Polish ambassador to Tanzania Krzysztof Buzalski said his country sees the region as a promising economic partner in agriculture modernisation, efficient water usage and education.
“We are ready to share with you some of our experiences that could be helpful in areas such as economic transformation and efficiency in agriculture and industry,” he said.
Two Polish firms, Feerum SA and Araj, have already been contracted by Tanzania’s National Food Reserve Agency to construct silos for grain storage with a capacity of 250,000 tonnes of maize.
On November 11, Poland completed a year-long celebration of its centenary of Independence, which was gained in 1918 after 123 years of serfdom and domination by Russia, Prussia and Austro-Hungary.
This year, Poles are also celebrating the anniversary of the Bar Confederation — an armed coalition of Polish nobles established on February 29, 1768 in Bar, Podolia.
This year has also been announced as the Year of Women’s Rights as 100 years ago Polish women were granted voting rights. On November 28, 1918, Józef Piłsudski, the architect of Polish Independence, signed a decree stipulating that every Polish citizen, regardless of gender, was a voter.
Source: https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Poland-courts-East-Africa-as-strategic-partner/2560-4849992-w3clw3/index.html
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Chia's blog
Chiara Amisola is 20 going on extinct
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Zankyou no Terror — OP Analysis
written by Chia
Being an amazing anime, I’ve given Zankyou no terror a ton of praise. Enough of that which I feel is so well-deserved, though a bit overwhelming. Honestly, I hadn’t delved too much into the opening aside from acknowledging the amazing song, but upon rewatching it, I decided to pay more attention at the incredulous amounts of detail that this beauty of an opening holds. Additionally, there is a ton of key information about the anime that comes with the understanding of its opening.
I know an article isn’t exactly the most reliable way of reviewing a short introduction piece by piece, but I will do my best to point out the utter brilliance of the opening.
Often, we discount the importance of openings. Take it as a minute or two break to do something else before the actual show begins. In actuality, its purpose is to draw you into the anime, more often than not upon seeing or hearing a great opening we are drawn to watching a show, especially if we see elements in it or characters that we are already drawn to. I know I’ve experienced this upon hearing Hikaru Nara, Shigatsu wa Kimi No Osu’s opening for the first time.
The thing about Zankyou no Terror is that personally, I found the opening so abstract. It gave me an off feeling about the anime; it seemed so oddly serene for a so-called destructive anime about terrorists, bombs, and all that. Serene reverberated through each frame in contrast to the wonderful first episode, when we dive into the destruction and are introduced to our main characters.
Trigger — performed by the Japanese band Galileo Galilei, it is an overwhelmingly mellow tune that accentuates the entirety of the opening. It’s beautiful and accompanies the soft imagery perfectly. The lyrics to it foreshadow the series and are volumes deep; the more you analyze it the more you see. I’ll be tackling the lyricism later on. The song is very light-hearted, yet sinister once you look into the lyrics. It’s the type of dark song masked with soft whimsical tunes, which is comparable to the nature of the characters in Zankyou no Terror itself.
Upon a closer look, the ‘abstract’ imagery and serene feeling that the opening gave truly contrasts the show, the sharp images, the bright colors that would fade into dark shades in the scenes of terror. The surreal, washed out colors in the opening are so much more than just ‘off’ feelings. It’s how you picture it.
At a quick look, the opening in its position in each episode is a breakaway from the mayhem that occurs; with all the investigation, whirring police sirens and drizzling allure of paranoia and fear all-around. Short and sweet just like the anime and characters itself, it is ultimately designed to show the other side to an anime about destruction. It is designed for the sake of bringing importance to what is lacking within these characters and their desires; the serenity and normality that such a rapid, destructive life did not allow for them.
With that, I’ll be speaking about the symbolism found in an opening that seemingly doesn’t match with such a dark show — when in reality, it brings out what is hidden. It brings out the parts of Zankyou no Terror that are obscured amidst the array of fog, bombs, deafening light blasts and more. It brings out the nature of the series, that these aren’t just terrorists. They are so much more.
Looking into the opening as a whole, and as if I haven’t given it enough praise yet — it’s a perfect contrast to what you would expect from such an anime. Stark action scenes, destruction and explosions, fleeting scenes of people scurrying away due to the terror of Sphinx’s reign, but this isn’t the case. We are presented with hazy colors, surreal visuals and abstract imagery. In fact, there is not a single scene of any ‘terror’ occurring at all. The opening greets you with what is mostly visuals of Tokyo, our main characters, plus Detective Shibazaki and Lisa, with hints of Five in the ever-changing seamless background that overlays the main scenes at a lot of points. In fact, the only form of ‘destruction’ we see is the personal destruction of our terrorists, not the actions that they have done themselves; not the bombings or whatsoever.
The opening does not mark the conception of destruction, it shows the bittersweet downfall of Nine and Twelve. Throughout the show itself, we are only given a glimpse at their nature — as characters, there is honestly not much to see in them. They can be compressed into words that describe their personalities. Stoic, aloof, mysterious, kind-hearted, and for the other; playful, needy, energetic, compassionate — both complete geniuses as well. More importantly, their character falls into their actions throughout the series. Their motives, the actions behind the bombings, the interaction with Lisa and even Five, their need for Shibazaki and his validation. Their lives are essentially compressed into eleven episodes because this sequence of actions is what ultimately makes their life, their story, their legacy for all of Japan to know — whether positive or negative. Somewhat mellow and hollow; yet pure at heart like their ideals and motives for their actions — this is what the opening displays. As I’ve said in my Zankyou no Terror review, Nine and Twelve are terrorists in a fashion that we do not expect them to be.
Straying a bit from the opening itself and to add onto the past paragraph, Zankyou no Terror can be viewed as a social commentary on society. As we’ve seen Detective Shibazaki acting on investigations towards the Athena Plan after discovering the horrific truth behind it; the cover-ups for this unforgivable sin towards humanity were intense. It involved a faked suicide, and we can see that in middle-latter part of the anime, Shibazaki truly went through a lot of risks to uncover what had happened. With this, I detail the justified terrorism shortly. Moving along, Nine and Twelve’s existence was molded by Project Athena, their escape and their lives onwards — knowing that it would be short due to the irreversible damage that had been done to them, further insinuated by Nine’s flashbacks throughout the series, horrific scenes that also tell of his mental instability. All that they are is the mission that they have — the mission that was destined for them ever since the moment of their escape from the throes of Project Athena. This is what the series highlights, and in turn; what the opening itself has to say about the show. It isn’t about the destruction caused, it’s about the message sent, the purpose behind the terrorist attacks — not the damage done or the lives lost.
To resort to terrorism may be viewed as somewhat low, but as outcasts from society with no profile, no background, no family except for essentially each other — Twelve and Nine had no other choice. Aside from these striking issues, there’s no way to make a statement without luck. There are many things overshadowed in this world, from something as simple as an uploaded video not being noticed by the general public to atrocities like the Athena Project being so heavily covered-up as discussed in the previous paragraph. It’s not a foreign concept for issues and problems, moreso ones involving figures of high authority, national governments and the like — to hide things from the general public. Nine and Twelve are direct products of this, much to how survivors and other figures that have been directly affected by controversial issues do their best to speak up over what had happened and to bring attention to such. With their status and the situation that they were left to, they resorted to doing what they do best. Destruction, in the softest way. With their sole purpose in life to live the rest of their limited days to the fullest by accomplishing what they had strived to do for so many years, their methods are justified and are practically called for. In the finale, their hope did not go to waste. In the ending episode, we see that the Athena Project was made known to the rest of the world, along with Sphinx (if not already) and their actions. Perhaps Nine and Twelve’s exact stories hadn’t been shared along with the injustices that they were trying to expose, but their mission was completed and they did what they could in order to complete it. What matters is the aftereffect, their completion, the return of the bold to dark world into a hazy state of rebuilding, as the opening shows.
Thus, we see the opening, a mellow and abstract way of perceiving the series. Its contrast works wonders. The very first few shots show a burst akin to an explosion before fading into a flurry of black feathers — a shot of Nine looking up and then at a distorted Five. As I detail later on, black feathers are symbolic of different things. One, it can show change. The blast culminating into Nine and Five details the very beginning of their backstories, their lives together (accompanied by Twelve) in the grasp of Project Athena. The blast that Nine and Twelve initiated is shown, quickly moving onwards to a Nine who looks upwards, changed from the events in the past and determined to expose the atrocities that had been conducted by the Japanese government. Five however, does not share this in the opening. We see that she is quite different, half of her being shadowed. Ever since the beginning, Five had always been determined to surpass Nine; going as far to be utterly engrossed in him. Despite the skip in time, she remains the same person, except a bit more deranged. Another notable thing is that although not clear, we can see the word “Von” etched onto her cheek. Von, meaning hope in Icelandic is a major theme throughout the series (although quite obvious) that is ultimately revealed at the very last episode. In Zankyou no Terror, we find that hope takes form in a multitude of ways, and for Five — it takes form in her belief in Nine, starting with her determination and will to find him again even after all those years. It may be a bit warped and selfish, but everyone has their own personal goals, everyone has their own idealism on the world. It’s worthy to know that Five, along with our two other survivors — don’t really have much to live for. Nine and Twelve do remain idealistic despite all their troubles but really, we can see that in the series their desire for acceptance and compassion is insane. Twelve found comfort in Lisa and so did Nine but on a lesser level; though it’s understandable that due to the traumatic events that have occurred to them in the past – for Five to find hope in Nine as well.
The image above is the boldest depiction of the title card, which is still rendered quite softly in the fast-paced, changing backgrounds that it hovers against.
After the title card, we see a quick shift into a shot of Twelve jumping in the air and quickly fading away. This relates to the first episode, wherein we see Twelve jumping into the pool. I find this symbolic of birth — as pools, water and the like are symbolic of baptism, the beginning of one’s life. Twelve found compassion and a sense of humanity when he first met Lisa Mishima, somewhat of an anchor to ground him and welcome him to a normal life — although warped and not the picturesque one that they wished, it was still a life worth living. It wasn’t dramatic, as evidenced by the soft harmony of colors that we find in the opening — in fact, it’s more melancholic than it is upbeat.
Silhouettes of characters are portrayed, clipped inside with scenes of the aftereffects of the attacks, but not the attacks themselves. Twelve in particular, shows their personal branding, the marking of the word “von” in action. This can be taken to mean that the importance of the anime, the message and all – as well as the actions of the characters themselves are done for the sake of the aftereffect, the message thereafter. We see why Sphinx had resorted to acts of terrorism to get their message across, and why they so valiantly went through strenuous amounts of lengths to avoid injury or death (as evidenced by helping Lisa when they easily could have let her die, and Nine risking his life to save a girl in the incident with the bus). Ultimately, the goal is to spread hope; the hope that the losses that they had gone through and seen with their own eyes won’t end in dismay. The hope that Nine and Twelve had envisioned for Japan, to wake up and see the reality of what they had done, and all they can do to change. The display of “von” after the building that had been displayed can be shown to be almost reminiscent of the crimes that they committed, etching the words wherever they could. Looking deeper, we see that this is for the sake of hope, the hope that others could not decipher immediately due to barriers, such as not being able to realize that von means hope because of the difference in language. Minds are barricaded with the lack of knowledge to realize what the term von means, as the schemes that had occurred during Project Athena are lost and retained only in sealed lips and in the minds of Nine and Twelve; the barriers that had prevented the public from knowing.
We are then greeted by a shot of the young boys, their youth in captivity; their youth as mere subjects of experimentation. Standing in front of a blazing and blurred background, like the explosion that they had caused in order to escape the facility, we see their silhouettes standing static, perhaps portraying their numbness and how it was absolutely necessary for them to do what they had done amidst the ever-fiery blast, growing further. Black doves and feathers return, showing mystery and change. Initially, we do not see the motives behind Twelve and Nine; we just see them as cold-blooded terrorists that do it for the kick of personal gain, there’s no justification or reason for it all in the beginning of the series — in truth, it just seemed like they toyed with Tokyo, with the videos as an additional way of manipulating the mass public. In contrast to white doves, which are very known for their portrayal of freedom, hope, justice — and all that, we are greeted with black ones. Instead of justice, Nine and Twelve are left with the need to earn it, they change over the years, honing what they know how to do with all they can in order to make a change in the world. We are greeted with closer looks at the youthful Sphinx, them looking confused and distraught at the scene they’re in with the ever-present fence of the facility looming behind them. They are trapped in a world at such a young age, further surrounded by birds of graphite that encapsulate them and hide their minds, their hearts and their true wishes. As the series progresses, we see more and more of Nine and Twelve’s character, especially in their encounters with Five and Lisa respectively, though somewhat weaker for the former. This also traces their roots back into their earliest memories, with them standing side-by-side and glancing at each other that they truly are partners, especially with everything that they had went through. The distance between them shows that although partnered, there is still a gap between the two, be it in personality or in physical gaps that we can see later on in the series despite the initial thought of them never leaving each other’s sides. Again, the black feathers and birds show that such a bond also changes with time, but never truly wanes.
We can see this as later on, the black birds are now met with white ones as they fly heights over Tokyo — Tokyo being their city of redemption, the playground that would lead to their plan at work. With every action and every continuous execution of Sphinx, they grow closer to hope, their dream and goals, accentuated by the symbolism of truth, justice, and hope itself that comes with white doves. This is also one of the darker shots of the opening, one of the only ones that make use of bold colors rather than mellow yellow tones. Like the series itself, Tokyo is not vibrant or whimsical, it is sharp and contrasting, somewhat gloomy and realistic. The opening brings importance to this — Zankyou no Terror is not just explosion after explosion; Sphinx are actual criminals, highly wanted ones at that — that are being chased by the Japanese government for a million reasons. Although their motives are kind-hearted and pure, although it is for the sake of hope, there is doubt that such paths are questionable. The wish of chasing a dream comes with the harsh reality of the obstacles you have to face; the unforgiving world that comes no matter how well-intentioned you are.
Following the first appearance of the white doves, we are greeted with a first-person perspective of one of the boys running towards the chainlink barrier that surrounded the testing facility. In the anime, we are made aware that they successfully scaled the chainlink fence and were able to escape; symbolizing their successful freedom from such a demented place. With similar colors to the shot wherein we see Nine and Twelve as kids, we see them standing as adolescents, having planned their whole life for the mission that they are about to execute – a product of change throughout the unknown years of growth that they had gone through. Change again, proves itself a prominent and distinguishing feature in the anime, change that leads to the prevailment of hope in the eyes of Nine and Twelve.
The symbolism of capture and entrapment returns when we see Lisa, with the barrier quickly fading as we get a closer look into her. Much like in the anime, we first see Lisa as an obviously trapped girl with not much in her character. She is extremely similar to Twelve and Nine; who are trapped with their past and find redemption in the hope of escaping it by revealing what it had done to them and their fellow children. Mishima in turn, is trapped due to her strict and over-protective mother, damaging to the point where it is abusive. Throughout the series we are graced with a closer look into her character as she breaks free, most especially with the part in episode four where she is saved by Twelve from the bindings that have restricted her to her past. Although still the shy, unconfident girl that lacked in bravery that she was before, we can see her slowly developing — attempting to cook for Sphinx is a primary example of her desire to become more independent, and to start acting for others. (Although this resulted in failure, that is a part of change.) Sphinx was her first step into breaking from the shell that she was in, to stepping outwards and becoming more aware of the world around her — to be less afraid. The distance in the first shot in contrast to the one with the abolished fence is significantly farther, showing the mystery and lack of depth to her character to the viewer initially until we begin to understand more about her role, which albeit small — is substantially important to the growth and healing of Sphinx, most especially Twelve.
Symbolism involving the fence returns when we are given shots that allow us to look very closely into the gaps of the fence. Lisa appears, closer than ever; again showing her growth and her ability to recognize her upbringings and the barriers that had stood before her that she has now vanished. Sphinx is seen walking, displaying how despite their freedom from the facility of Project Athena, they are still binded to their past; though we see them walking with strength and zeal despite the past that is binding them. Each character in the series, as I’ve stated — is finding their own personal form of hope, striving towards it in their own different ways – no matter how extreme. Their idealism of ‘hope’ all reflects that have occurred in the past. For example, Five’s idea of hope is in Nine, surpassing him and meeting with him — maybe even just seeing him as an equal. This hope has stemmed from their very roots as experimentees in their youth. Twelve and Nine share idealistic thoughts and viewpoints regarding the world. Altruistic yet questionable in nature, their von is the revelation of the public, the scrutiny of the Japanese government as they apologize for their actions; the assurance that such would never occur again in the world, that no human would be subject to the pain and irreversible consequences that they had to bare for the rest of their short lives. Lisa’s hope is in breaking free, releasing herself from the grasp of her mother and finding herself so that she could be accepted, that she could finally be herself, the rebirth that she had so desperately longed for, to change and be the person she never thought she would be. We can see this in her desire to assist Sphinx, particularly in the airport mission as well — where she directly volunteered to offer a helping hand in grand schemes. In the beginning of the series or in the case of Five — the introduction of these characters, we all see them for the barriers that they are trapped in, the defining points of their character – the utterly devoted girl to the point where it may be bordering on insane, two terrorists that voice out their hearts only in the form of elusive videos and attacks to the general public, and a lost girl who is defined by her sadness, her troubles and her problems regarding her mother. With the excellent character development in the series, it ultimately shells out to each character using each other, with the aid of Sphinx, to achieve their goals and retain their hope in the world to their last dying breath.
One important shot that particularly struck me, even without rewatch of the opening is the childish and carefree smile of Twelve, quickly diverting to VCR-like shots of a more twisted version of himself. It is noteworthy that Nine is often seen as the brains of the operation, Twelve being somewhat the heart, the one with more displayable emotions; more life-like and not just cold-blooded, further emphasized by his relationship with Lisa. Personally, I found it difficult to take him seriously as a serialkiller since he seemed so lax over all that was occurring. He remained happy and thoughtful, even during the videos that Sphinx had released online. We often forget to remember that Twelve is just as intellectual as Nine; he just seeks compassion and acceptance more than Nine does. Although sometimes comedic, the jokester and the playful one within Sphinx is also exceedingly crucial, he practically brings out a much more life-like experience to watching the show — I even found it detrimental at first, but who would want to stick with the notion that terrorists do not have feelings, that they are all work and no play? Twelve is an interesting contrast to Nine that balances out the emotions and the tension between the two of them.
The shot reminds us that although Twelve is yet another anchor to the reality of human nature, he is also similar to Nine in their roots. The terrorism attacks and all, sheer brilliance and genius regarding their plans; the lack of remorse for public property and buildings owned by the Japanese government — at his core, Twelve is different. He is more than just a slight comedy relief color, he is Nine’s cohort, as Nine is his. Singular entities that are dependent on each other, that acknowledge each other’s strengths and weaknesses, relationships that have been built from the unstable ground that was the facility. Twelve is twisted, a psychopath as he laughs in the face of destruction — brilliant at hiding himself behind a smile. He initially waves Lisa off as something close to nothing, but we see the growth in feelings that he feels towards her, moreso with the betrayal occurring in the ferris wheel. Twelve is twisted to different people at different times, but in truth, there is something warped in him, just like Nine and Five.
Depictions of Tokyo are seen, prominent in the backgrounds throughout the entire opening. We see that in the moments after Twelve’s shot, it is stripped down to its core. Symbolic for how Twelve and Nine again, see it as Sphinx’ playground; for which they spread their message and mark their own presence throughout. Being the primary location of the anime, it’s no surprise to see how important it is. In other parts of the opening, we see a train station, referencing their failed terrorist attack on a train; another one references the falling electrical post that had let to a power outage, successfully paving the way for their foolproof first plan in the first episode.
Shibazaki, another crucial character in the anime takes his place. We see technological effects around his character, depicting him being analyzed to his very roots by Sphinx. This can also allude to how he is practically the most analytical and perceptive detective throughout despite his laziness and lack of reputation. He is so engrossed in Sphinx that they eventually begin to notice him, use him and rely on him to solve their problems — as if he was some human toy that they were utterly fascinated with. It is a war between realizing how the two are, Shibazaki first questioning their motives and then beginning to take measures into his own to unravel the covered-up Athena Project and see if it was all a hoax or not, to him being rendered Sphinx’ own personal detective. He also appears in the heart of Tokyo, where the mayhem and destruction takes place throughout the course of anime.
Five’s appearances throughout the opening follow a general timeline of her growing older. We see her, pale and holding what appears to be a pair of scissors as she cuts her hair.* There are multiple notions for this act to be interpreted. The cutting of one’s hair can be taken to mean liberation, freedom, and in relation to all that — hope. When one drastically changes their appearance, they are making a change from their past selves. This appears to be the opposite occurrence in Five’s case. As we are unaware of her actions throughout the gap in the series that is not shown to us — we return to the present day to see that she is still obsessive towards Nine, never letting go of her desire to defeat him. There is no guarantee that she knew they were going to cross fates once again; and the act of cutting her hair can be taken to show her abandonment of the woman that she had changed to be (if she had changed at all), returning to the young girl that they were once with in the facility. In the image, we see that her hair has grown significantly longer to what is shown in the anime, as she cuts it back to a length almost exactly like the hairstyle she donned as a child. Five’s growth in this case is nearly backwards — nevertheless, it is still growth significant to her, and her own ideals of growth.
Next, traditionally — lengthy hair is seen as a symbol of strength. Biblically in the case of Samson, his hair is the source of his power, and without it he misses the strength that he had once wielded. In the case of the Dothraki in Game of Thrones, long hair symbolizes your strength as well. When you ended in defeat, you were supposed to cut it short. Thus, the most powerful of warriors had extremely long hair. This can be taken to showcase Five and her ailment, who in the case of the three Project Athena survivors, is the most prominent and life-threatening, even leading to her collapse and bed-ridden state in the series. We are made aware of the fact that in the anime, she had risen to positions of high power and authority within the Nuclear Emergency Support Team. Upon her move to assist in Japan, she was reckless with her power — disregarding lives, the safety and the general public of Japan. Her assistant had even informed her to stop her reckless abuse of power – showing that she indeed had lost all control over it. Five had abandoned all that she was for the sake of once again, completing her life’s mission; catching up to and defeating Nine.
Another noteworthy thing about this frame and image is that her nails are painted with the colors of red, white, and blue. These are the colors of the American flag — the flag of the country that had rescued her and molded her into who she was, giving her opportunities. She was practically representing it. It is a symbol of her disconnection from Japan and her loyalty to another nation, a sign of her change and distance from the rest of the characters of the series. These colors are also shared by the flag of Iceland. These can represent hope, as Iceland has been a recurring theme of calm and serenity for Sphinx.
In the initial shots of her in the opening, the cheek that is covered by her hair was stained with the red marking of von. If we interpret this in another way, we can see the cutting of hair as a complete loss of power — as I’ve said. A complete loss of strength, which is caused by her having no reason left to live after vanquishing Nine. The only hope she had harbored for the entirety of her life is meeting him and defeating him, with no hope present — she took a shot at herself in the anime; ending her life as it no longer had purpose.
Lisa is shown running through a street, going the opposite direction from the people walking down the street. We can take this as a cry of her desperation to escape from the abuse and clinginess of her mother, instead setting her back since she does not know how to escape — or that she is simply lost, confused, incapable; just as her mother tends to claim she is. As Lisa begins to run faster, her image fades into a silhouette where we see Twelve riding his motorcycle. We can take this to mean the scene in which he had saved her from her encounter with a cop, that perhaps running in the wrong direction — a direction wherein two terrorists lie in wait for her was ultimately the right path that boosted her unto a track that ultimately led her to a changed life, leaving her the thankful woman that she was in the finale. Misguided and lost, she once again was graced with the touch of the boys that brought her back, running into a life that she had lost.
One may also take this to see that Lisa is not a normal person, she is broken and misguided; just as I’ve said many times before, just as Sphinx is. When we see her rushing through a crowd of otherwise normal people, we question her decision and instincts, wonder what she is running from; yet we do not bother to help the stranger who seems to be lost. Although this is somewhat of a good thing; we see Lisa desiring to blaze through life after living it dark and sheltered in the past. It’s part of the learning process. She may still be in the wrong direction, she may be running with no goal or destination in mind; but the start is set in the fact that she had begun to run. Twelve giving Lisa a ride on his motorcycle is the advent of her lost upbringing; we see that all the freedom that she had never experienced is given to her in tiny steps as she grows closer and closer to Twelve; each finding compassion in the other.
Nuclear and biochemical symbols appear as we see the motorcycle racing away towards edge of the shot. One can interpret this in the most obvious and blatant way — the stealing of the chemicals needed for the atomic bombs that Sphinx would construct to use in their grand schemes. There is another perspective to it though — in relation to the motorcycle and the ‘rescue’ of Lisa and in turn Twelve, we see them running away, as Twelve did from Nine in the ferris wheel scene where the former had chosen to abandon the latter. To drop association with the terrorist attacks and to leave it in Nine’s hands, they found freedom and relaxation together, although a bit more tense than what is wished for. As the motorcycle had first insinuated the blossoming of their relationship, it again marks the strengthening of it in the actions that Twelve had done in the events of the ferris wheel incident. To go as far as to abandon his lifelong partner for the sake of Lisa — truly an escape from the past, the hazards and the danger associated with it.
What follows is practically one of the most beautiful scenes in the opening, a wonderful conclusion to such an abstract telling of the story, packed with symbolism.
We see Nine, without his glasses, descending into a freefall amidst the hazy and cloudy scenery around him. Falling is symbolic of fear; the fear of what happens, the fear of your perspective of the world around you not resonating with your own moral views, the fear of failure. Although Nine remains possibly the most stoic person in the series, he remains a fearful person, especially in his nightmares that tend to leave him in disarray despite the constant repetition of the same events over and over. Nine is trapped by his past, perhaps more binded by Twelve — we can see Nine’s genuine determination in revealing the atrocities that had happened for him to finally be at peace, after all – it is his hope.
There is no guarantee that Sphinx and their plans would work how they planned – and further no guarantee for their story to not simply be buried in the dust, for their names to be forgotten. Firstly, Nine’s descent downwards represents the everlasting paranoia of the destruction of their plans, what they’ve worked for, and all as such. From the bus incident and the code not being deciphered immediately to the conflicts caused by Five, from the delay of the press conference — all of these are just logically planned out details, that may not fall into place. Next, with Nine’s perspective around the world, there is no doubt that these thoughts may be doubted; in fact when his own partner had betrayed him, we can’t tell what hope was left in Nine’s heart for the events to fall into place. Nine resorted to drastic measures in order to assure that things would still work.
Nine’s glasses are missing in these shots, signifying the lack of clarity. He is disillusioned by the world of him, and although not visibly scared, he is placed under immense pressure throughout the series. Clarity is truly unstable throughout the series, we are unaware of Sphinx’s plans, shocked with them at the turmoil that unfolds, and more.
Nine descends and feathers of hope follow him downwards, he continues in his descent as these feathers transform into glass shards. This is also symbolic of the lack of clarity, there is no clear reflection in each shard, revealing the uncertainty in the roads that Nine and practically Sphinx themselves have to cross. Accentuated by how blurry and dreamy the entire opening is, we clearly see no real path and no end to the fall that Nine is eventually doomed to. However, Nine manages to give off a smug grin and in one sweeping motion; he pulls a trigger, the title of the song itself amidst the flurry of broken glass and all the shards that surround him. Upon pulling it, white feathers shoot out, clouding the screen and eventually covering up all the uncertainty in Nine’s head and in his life. Hope; no matter who’s hope — prevails in Zankyou no Terror. Each major character had accomplished their goal, Nine not being an exception. His grin is the proof of hope, that although it seems impossible — that although he cannot see what is truly going around him and is blinded by the events that overwhelm Sphinx, he had prepared eternally for this very moment. Triggers of hope always take their stand, they always find their way.
The trigger can be taken as a literal one, each time Sphinx character had pushed buttons or triggered explosions, it brought their message closer to being revealed to the entirety of the world. Each success further giving them hope in the completion of their purpose in life, the motivation that kept them going which was the redemption of their childhood. Hope continuously paved the way towards the revelation of the entire world, and hope continuously showed itself in even the darkest times — the cloudiest and most uncertain of moments. The ferris wheel scene in which it seemed like Nine and Twelve would never reconcile from such a dark feud, to the scenes against Five wherein the odds were stacked against them. In even the haziest of moments where analysis and logic began to fail, hope always ended up conquering in the end.
In a final peaceful shot, white feathers fly around to reveal Nine and Twelve looking over the scenery of Japan, the motorcycle that symbolized freedom, escape; the tool that played a crucial part in the beginning of their plans — it is a beautiful shot that simply resembles serenity, the hope that Nine and Twelve had always yearned for is finally there. As they look at Tokyo from a distance, they study the city that had played a crucial part in their life’s journey. In other ways, I also take such a relaxing shot to show the still calm of Tokyo once Nine and Twelve had passed and completed their mission. Eerily homely, for the first time we see Tokyo in mellow colors, in the dream-like haze that we are so used to seeing, with the white feathers fluttering around. Hope is accomplished, their hearts are at peace.
In my eyes, Nine and Twelve aren’t supposed to be in this scene physically — but their memories, their stories, their actions; and all the lengths that they had to go through certainly do deserve to be in this position. Hope for them had come with a cost of lives, but the costs were repayed once more in lives, full lives that were worth living.
An opening may just seem like an opening; but its importance is undeniable when you look closer into it and analyze each and every detail. It is supposed to foreshadow, bring out the elements of the anime that one wants to see — and Zankyou no Terror does this perfectly. With wonderful animation and a mellow song that rings of melancholy, it holds much more than what I had ever expected it to be. With that, an opening may just seem like an opening — but it holds so much more, often overlooked or just skipped — the nature of the characters exposed in feathers and shards is truly astounding and wonderful.
Hopefully this interpretation proved to be of interest. Everyone can see things in their own way; and I relate each frame heavily to the story that Zankyou no Terror follows — but hopefully I exposed some of the magnificence that is hidden amidst this beautiful tune.
When winter comes again, the snow will tell all.
Filed under: review
Tagged with: analysis, anime, opening, zankyou no terror
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Chia is 20 going on extinct.
They know nothing but to create.
This blog has been since 2016 and will be here forever.
I design and develop at chia.design & chia.dev (same thing). I write here.
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Mingering Mike: Searching for a Soul Superstar
This interview has been edited for clarity.
A private investigator turned music enthusiast, a soul superstar that appeared to have vanished from America’s collective memory, and a box of clues, the only evidence that he ever existed at all, left behind. It’s a story that has all the trappings of a mystery novel. You might even say that truth is stranger than fiction, but the real truth here is that there’s nothing strange about Mingering Mike at all. To be clear, this isn’t a story about an eccentric character or outsider artist. This is the story of a kid whose dream lay just beyond their means, who nonetheless dreamt it up anyways.
Mike, whose real name is not publicly known, grew up In Washington D.C. in the 1950’s and 60’s. He remembers as a kid saving his quarters to use on the coin powered televisions when the show Your Hit Parade was on, which played the most popular songs of the week. Later as a teenager, he graduated to collecting his own records, particularly 45’s, because they were more affordable than their 12” vinyl counterparts. As a lover of music, naturally, Mike wanted to try writing his own songs. Without access to traditional instruments or recording equipment, Mike championed a d.i.y. ethos long before it would become a commonly used term. He used whatever he had around him, employing his family members as supporting musicians, using his comb as a drum stick against a telephone book, singing acapella baselines, and quite creatively, tightly rolling a piece of paper to the point that it would mimic the sound of a horn when blown into. There are even a few home recordings, where you can immediately tell that Mike was using his bathroom as a makeshift studio, due to its acoustics.
A post shared by Mingering Mike (@mingeringmike) on Mar 27, 2015 at 10:59pm PDT
Mike and his babies, 1969.
Once Mike started writing songs, he couldn’t stop (he claims to have written over 4,000 of them). With such a prolific output, he needed a name to put to the tracks. One day while riding in the backseat of a relative’s car, he looked out the window and saw a sign that read, “Merging Traffic”. He switched out Merging for Mingering, and came up with Mingering Mike as his stage name.
Mike knew that in order to get the record deal needed to reach his dreams of pop stardom, he would eventually need to record his songs in a professional studio. At one point he responded to a magazine advertisement for a company that claimed to be a recording studio and offered extremely low rates. Interested but cautious of a scam, Mike sent them a home recording of a deliberately terrible song, and when they reacted enthusiastically to it, he confirmed his suspicions that it was too good to be true.
This didn’t discourage Mike. While he was waiting for a chance to record his music, he started crafting his own vinyl LP record sleeves for his many albums. Mostly made out of cardboard, Mike hand painted playful artwork on the covers that reflected the theme of record that it was meant to encase. They were meticulously detailed, with liner notes, fictional record label logos, and sticker prices. For the record itself, he would cut a piece of cardboard into the shape of a vinyl record, punch a hole in the center, etch spiraling vinyl grooves, and apply a black paint which made the records appear to be actual vinyl. However these fake records were only meant to be placeholders, as Mike describes his reasons for making the LP covers as quite practical; he wanted to be ready in case he was ever able to record and release his music. When that day arrived, the album covers would be ready and waiting.
Mingering Mike, “Minger’s Gold Supersonic Hits, Vol. 3” (Minger Records) (1971), mixed media on cardboard.
The first of these albums that Mike created was 1968’s Sit’tin BY THE Window by G.M. Stevens, released on the imaginary Mother Goose Records. However, his most prolific period began in 1970, the year that he was drafted into the Vietnam war, and was faced with the difficult choice of fighting a war in a far off place, or dodging the draft and going into hiding. Mike, a self proclaimed pacifist, chose the latter, and spent the ensuing years mostly indoors, as he could not work a legitimate job as a draft dodger, and being in public risked arrest from authorities. To pass the time, Mike dove into his art, and crafted dozens more LP covers. As Mike’s real world became smaller, the universe of Mingering Mike expanded to include several characters, record labels, and stories. There was Mingering Mike’s Channels of a Dream, released on Decision Records, and there was the album Ghetto Prince, performed by a Mingering Mike collaborator named Joseph War. There was a soundtrack to an imaginary film, Brother of the Dragon, and a track called “The Exorcist”, released on Evil Records. While Mingering Mike and his entourage appeared to exist in their own parallel universe, they were also greatly influenced by real world events in Mike’s non-musical life. The name Decision Records, was actually a nod to the choice Mike had to make regarding the Vietnam war, and the cover art depicted two hands, one reaching for a gun, the other, for a microphone. Mike also wrote an album called isolation, which was about the gentrification he saw happening in his neighborhood at time, and the rising rents that were forcing people out of their homes and businesses.
Mingering Mike,»Soundtrack From: You Only Know What They Tell You» (Relations Records) (1973), mixed media on cardboard.
Mike’s artistic output slowed down around 1977 after president Jimmy Carter pardoned all draft dodgers, at which point he started working a regular full time job. He had put all his records into storage, but unfortunately fell on hard times in the 1990’s and couldn’t make the storage payment, and his records were auctioned off. He thought that he had lost them forever.
Enter Dori Hadar, who in his own way also had a parallel imaginary persona. Dori was a private investigator for a D.C area law firm by day, but moonlighted as a crate digger, basically a vinyl fanatic, someone who loved to spend their time searching for rare vinyl records. One early morning, after he had just finished working all night, he decided that instead of going home he would head towards a local flea market that he often frequented. He was one of the first people there, and he soon came across boxes of what appeared to be Vinyl LP’s. He started pulling them out one by one, continually seeing the name Mingering Mike. Perplexed at first, he thought, how had he never heard this name before? What does mingering even mean? Dori pulled the records out of their sleeve and realized that they weren’t actually real. Fake as they were, he recognized that they were probably deeply personal for someone out there. He knew what he had to do, and bought all 38 of them for 2$ a piece, drove straight home and posted photos of the records onto soulstrut.com, an early website forum for record collectors. Had anyone else heard of Mingering Mike? One other collector had also seen some more Mingering Mike records at another flea market, but from the same vendor. The two crate diggers joined forces and went back to the vendor together, and convinced him to let them see the storage unit where the records had come from. Putting his investigator hat back on, Dori dug through all of the items in the unit, old mail and such, and was able to identify Mike’s real name and some likely addresses. The clues led him to a house that ended up being a cousin of Mike’s, who was understandably cautious, and would only confirm that Mike was still alive and in the southeast D.C. area. Luckily, Dori was the right man for the task, and was able to further utilize his knowledge as a private investigator to search through public documents, and found a likely address for the elusive superstar. Walking up the stairs of an old apartment building, Dori approached the door that when opened, he hoped would lead him to Mike himself. Dori knocked, and the door cracked open. A man cautiously peered out. Dori immediately recognized him. The man, though now older, closely resembled the drawings of Mingering Mike from the album covers. Dori knew it was him, he had finally found Mingering Mike. Dori told Mike that he had some records that belonged to him, to which Mike responded, “My babies, you found my babies?!”
Mingering Mike, «I Can’t Turn you loose / Sing a Song, Any Kind of Song» (Fake Records Inc) (1969), mixed media on cardboard.
Mike was initially skeptical of Dori, afraid that he would try to extort him for the return of the records. But over a cup of coffee at a local diner, he realized that Dori simply wanted to return the records to their rightful owner. However, It didn’t end there, and the two became fast friends, bonding over their mutual love of music and record collecting. Mike could also be called a crate digger, as he owned over 6,000 vinyl records. Dori eventually pitched to Mike an idea to share his artwork with the world, which would materialize into a traveling art show of Mingering Mike’s albums, and a stint at the Smithsonian art museum in Washington D.C., dedicating 3 entire rooms to exhibit all of Mike’s work, and a publishing deal for a book that would document all of Mike’s cover albums and share his story.
Ultimately, it’s because of this unlikely partnership between a private investigator and an aspiring soul singer that we can share this wonderful story with you today. Mike called in to CKUT’s Tuesday Morning Show to share his story, which you can listen to above, or read below for highlights from the interview.
I want to highlight, that you can purchase a book on Mingering Mike, called Mingering Mike: the Amazing Career of an Imaginary Soul Superstar. It does a wonderful job of telling his story, and contains images of much of his work. It’s so important to support artists, and this is currently the best way to financially support Mike and his work, so if you enjoyed Mike’s artwork and story, I highly suggest picking up this book. It’s great both as a deep read and as a coffee table book to impress your guests.
Mingering Mike & Big D, «Boogie Down» at the White House (1975) (Relations Records), mixed media on cardboard.
So who is Mingering Mike?
MM: I call myself a silent observer. I’ve always had the creativity, but it rarely came out. But if I heard someone say a certain word or phrase, I would think, that sounds like a good idea for a song, and I would write it down. Eventually this would blossom into a writing career.
How did you come up with the name Mingering Mike?
MM: At first I was going to call myself The Big M, but it didn’t sound right. One day as a kid I was riding in the car of a relative, we were on the highway, and I saw a sign that read Merging Traffic. I thought to myself, Merging traffic? And somehow I came up with Mingering Traffic, and then I thought, Mingering Mike, that’s it! That’s the story in a nutshell.
At what point did you fall in love with music?
MM: When I was about 5 or 6 years old, they used to have the T.V.’s that you would put quarters in, and they would run for an hour. At the time they had shows like Dinah Shore, mystery shows and things like that. They also had a Show called The Hit Parade, and the singer Patti Page would sing the popular songs of that time. They also had comedy acts on the show, but it was the music that was calling me. When I was 16 or 17 I started paying a lot of attention to music and would constantly listen to it on the radio. Back then I really didn’t have any money to purchase music, so I would just wait for my favorite songs to come on the radio, at which point i’d go running towards the radio shouting “that’s my song!”. I started getting more interested in the albums of my favorite artists, but to a teenager at the time it felt like albums cost a million dollars, so I concentrated on buying 45’s, because they were cheaper.
Mingering Mike, «Ghetto Prince, Joseph War» (Decision Records) (1972), mixed media on cardboard.
Did you ever try to professionally record your music?
MM: Me and my cousin and collaborator Big D recorded some of our music acapella at home on a recorder. To us everything sounded clear, but to others it sounded garbled. At the time, there were sometimes magazine offers to record your music. I saw one that read “have your songs recorded for $40”. To see if the offer was legit, I wrote the most ridiculous song I could think of and recorded it on my home recorder and sent it to them. They wrote back and said ‘this song is fantastic, we have our musicians ready to record it!’, at which point I realized, okay nope, ‹I’m not going this route!› I did eventually get convert some of my home recorded tapes onto acetate records, which are now at the Smithsonian museum.
Is your work still on view at the Smithsonian museum in Washington D.C.?
MM: They are now in storage at the museum, but maybe one day they can put them out again if enough people ask. For my exhibition in 2015, there were 3 full rooms dedicated to showcasing the albums. They put out a book for visitors to sign during the show, and I think there were over 25,000 signatures and so many positive comments, and that was so nice to see.
Even though you didn’t have recorded music to accompany the album LP’s, the album artworks all tell a story. Can you tell us about the album, isolation?
MM: Most of the ideas for the songs on that album came from life itself, and how it is fortunate for some and unfortunate for others. For the album art, I did a conglomerate of drawings of various people in life. I called the album isolation, becasue if you’re a panhandler, you’re like a hidden person. Most people don’t pay attention to them, they just walk on by. So the panhandler is isolated in the environment that they are in.
Mingering Mike, «Isolation» (Minger Records) (1975), mixed media on cardboard.
Were all your albums based off things you saw in your life?
MM: Sometimes. Some albums came from stories that I would hear, or things I saw on T.V. For example when Isaac Hayes came out with the soundtrack for Shaft, or Curits Mayfield came out with Superfly, I wondered if I could do something similar. Sometimes when I would go to the movies, I saw films that I felt like the soundtrack didn’t match the film, so I thought, maybe I can come up with music that would better accompany it.
Mingering Mike, «Evil Records: The Exorcist» (Decision Records) (1974), mixed media on cardboard.
Do you have a favorite album that your wrote?
MM: Of course, I will always love Brother of the Dragon.
Mingering Mike, «Original Music From Brother of the Dragon» (Decision Records) (1974), mixed media on cardboard.
When did you stop making these records?
MM: 1977
Did it feel shocking to have a stranger knock on your door decades later, saying they have the records you made, that you thought were lost?
MM: Oh yes, when Dori showed up and said ‘Are you Mingering Mike? We have your records’, I said ‘My babies, you have my babies?!’
And it’s so great that you and Dori formed a friendship, and your work received a second life.
MM: When I was at the Smithsonian, and heard peoples› kind words, and then I got to go to the Netherlands, and Liverpool, and the SXSW festival in Texas. It’s so nice to hear that people like your work.
You’ve also started making album artwork again, this time for other bands.
MM: yeah, I got to do album artwork for the band The Ar-kaiks, and appeared in the music video. I also did cover art for the band Kings Go Forth, and for Peter Buck of R.E.M., which was pretty fantastic.
To see more work by Mingering Mike, head over to his website
Scott Erik
CKUT Arts & Culture Dept
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Catalogue > THEATRICAL > Full Dome > Full Dome Conversion
Runtime(s)
Adrenaline Rush: The Science of Risk
A journey into the multidimensional world of risk from the soaring and breathtaking cliffs of Norway to the calm and inspiring immensity of the Mojave Desert. Starring world champion skydiver Adrian Nicholas.
Africa: The Serengeti
Africa: The Serengeti introduces the audience to a spectacle that few humans have ever witnessed, the Great Migration, taking viewers on a journey with over 1.5 million animals as they travel more than 500 miles across the Serengeti plains in Tanzania and Kenya. This film is a tribute to the wildebeest as they set out on their yearlong odyssey; it is also a documentary featuring a fascinating array of animals including zebras, giraffes, elephants, monkeys, baboons, and even hyenas, jackals, and vultures, with an abundance of animal trivia.
Air Racers
Fly into Nevada’s “Valley of Speed” for a breathtaking exploration of the fastest race in the world combined with spectacular air show entertainment: the legendary Reno National Championship Air Races. Join today’s elite pilots as they fight for position, wingtip-to-wingtip, and skim 50 feet (15 m) above the ground around an oval course at twice the speed of a Nascar race. Discover this ultra-competitive world through the eyes of rookie pilot Steve Hinton as he attempts to fly his P-51 Mustang fighter plane to victory in the most highly-anticipated and unpredictable race class. Learn about the history and science behind the sport, whose concept dates back to the dawn of aviation, and see top-notch aerobatic performers, including the Canadian Forces Snowbirds. With spectacular aerial photography filmed entirely in 3D and unprecedented access granted to the course, Air Racers 3D, narrated by Paul Walker of “The Fast and the Furious” series, puts you in the cockpit to experience the intensity and high-speed thrills of a sports event like no other for the very first time in IMAX 3D theatres.
Aircraft Carrier: Guardian of the Seas
The mission to protect and defend the world’s oceans has become far more complex and challenging in recent years, and naval aviation has become increasingly vital to success. One of the greatest engineering feats in naval maritime history, the modern Nimitz-class carrier is a masterpiece of technology, and the flagship of the fleet. With RIMPAC, the world’s largest and most comprehensive international maritime training exercise providing a stunning visual context for the story, find yourself aboard the USS Ronald Reagan alongside the 5,000 highly skilled sea and air personnel conducting flight operations in the midst of the simulated war exercises taking place there. Rarely has there been a topic so visually suited and compelling for IMAX® and other giant screen theaters.
Alaska: Spirit of the Wild
Alaska: Spirit of the Wild is the ultimate story of survival, where life triumphs season after season against fierce conditions and challenges.
“It is a place little contaminated by the present, where we can rediscover a vitality and beauty vanishing from our lives. Whether or not we will ever reach Alaska, we all want to know such a place still exists.” This is narrator Charlton Heston’s poignant summation of the film Alaska: Spirit of the Wild.
Transporting viewers on a voyage into the last great frontier where nature enchants the eye with magnificent spectacles, this film takes audiences fishing with brown bears, soaring with bald eagles, dodging calving glaciers, and racing on the hooves of caribou — all from the comfort of their theater seats. Director George Casey masterfully relates the genesis of Alaska and then explores its rich history, surprising wildlife, magnificent landscapes, harsh climate, and abiding spirit.
Amazing Journeys
Witness some of nature’s most incredible spectacles as millions of creatures embark on Amazing Journeys of survival. Film director George Casey introduces audiences to six of nature’s truly unique phenomena. From the distant reaches of a hidden Mexican village to the sunny, warm surf off the Baja coast, fly on the delicate wings of a butterfly and dive into the depths of the oceans with a colossal whale to experience awe-inspiring life and death migrations. Along with the immense distances they travel, these species face many obstacles—obstacles that may change their migratory patterns forever. Go along on a most unbelievable road trip as nature struggles to the very ends of the earth.
Animalopolis
Singing lions, bears that waltz, sea lions turning somersaults. Otters pray, flamingos squawk, a calf who’d rather dance than walk. Children will want to watch it again and again. Animalopolis — a giant-screen matinee film for a truly brand new audience. You’ll like it, too.
With twelve hilarious segments, each featuring a different animal, Animalopolis will stimulate children’s imaginations and curiosity about the creatures they’re seeing.
Antarctica is a unique 40 minute motion picture that portrays the history, science, delicate ecology and awesome beauty of Antarctica – the world’s southernmost continent. For the first time in history the mysterious icy expanse of the highest, driest, and coldest continent has been captured in the giant screen format. The film takes viewers to the home of penguins, seals, and the other exotic life forms and also focuses on the activities conducted at many scientific research stations established by countries from around the world.
Most will never experience the exhilaration of seeing a half-ton-grizzly bear in the wild — but now people of all ages are daring to get closer than ever before to some of the largest predators on the planet.
From the safety of giant-screen theaters worldwide, of course.
From black bears in Montana to polar bears in the arctic, the National Wildlife Federation’s fourth giant-screen film, Bears, features a fresh view of these powerful, majestic and often misunderstood animals in the full glory of their natural habitat, and highlights the universal threats to bear populations.
Dinosaur Passage to Pangaea
Dinosaur Passage to Pangaea is a stop-motion, 3D animated adventure explaining one of the greatest geological events in the history of the Earth: the separation of the supercontinent Pangaea. When two children embark on a geology field trip back in time, they are thrown into a fantastic voyage where they witness incredible geological wonders and learn the mysterious process that created our present-day continents. From racing across the landscape atop Dinosaurs to plummeting to the center of the Earth, Dinosaur Passage to Pangaea is the perfect educational glimpse at the tectonic forces that forged our world. It is the ultimate field trip!
Dinosaurs Alive is a global adventure of science and discovery – featuring the earliest dinosaurs of the Triassic Period to the monsters of the Cretaceous “reincarnated” life-sized for the giant IMAX ® screen. Audiences will journey with some of the world’s preeminent paleontologists as they uncover evidence that the descendants of dinosaurs still walk (or fly) among us. From the exotic, trackless expanses and sand dunes of Mongolia’s Gobi Desert to the dramatic sandstone buttes of New Mexico, the film will follow American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) paleontologists as they explore some of the greatest dinosaur finds in history. Through the magic of scientifically accurate computer-generated animation, these newly discovered creatures, and some familiar favorites, will come alive … in a big way!
Beginning in the 1920s, AMNH scientist and adventurer Roy Chapman Andrews, who is believed to be the inspiration for the Indiana Jones character, led five expeditions to the Gobi Desert. Andrews and his team found hundreds of dinosaur remains, many new to science, including the first Velociraptor, the first dinosaur nests with eggs, and fossils of early mammals that lived alongside dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous Period. Andrews also happened to take along a Hollywood cameraman with him to film the expedition’s discovery. This rare and beautifully preserved footage, juxtaposed against the large-format footage of today’s expeditions, provides audiences with a unique perspective into field paleontology over time.
Following in the footsteps of Andrews, AMNH paleontologists, Mike Novacek and Mark Norell, have been making annual expeditions to the Gobi every summer since 1990. Some of the greatest dinosaur fossils ever found have come from the Gobi. Collapsing sand dunes quickly and completely covered whole communities of animals, preserving them until the skeletons are exposed today by erosion. One of the most dramatic sequences in the film features a Velociraptor and a Protoceratops locked in mortal combat as a sand dune sweeps over them and kills them. The famous fossil of these fighting dinosaurs shows that they died in a deadly embrace, claws and jaws still grasping at each other. Great dinosaur moments like these, actual fossilized stories, are brought back to life through state-of-the-art CGI.
Dinosaurs Alive will also introduce audiences to the breakthrough discoveries taking place under the towering red sandstone buttes and rock chimneys in northern New Mexico. Since the 1940s, AMNH scientists have uncovered excellent specimens at the mysterious Ghost Ranch, where erosion has cut down through the many levels of sediment to expose fossils of the earliest dinosaurs from the Triassic Period, some 230 million years ago. At that time reptiles still ruled the earth and dinosaurs were actually modest in size—no larger than a cat, dog, or human. Dinosaurs exploded in diversity and size during the later Jurassic Period. Scientists have recently discovered a “monster” buried near Ghost Ranch. It was a long-necked sauropod called Seismosaurus—meaning ‘thunder lizard’—that was a massive 121 feet long. In the film, audiences will witness this behemoth thundering about on screen, in stark contrast to the more diminutive Triassic dinosaurs.
Finally, in an exciting development captured by our cameras, Novacek and Norell, travel to the site and inspect an extraordinary discovery made by AMNH graduate students — one of the oldest dinosaurs ever found in North America. The film will show how the fossil was discovered, protected in a plaster jacket, carefully removed from the rock, and studied at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Dinosaurs Alive shows how new scientific insights are sometimes built from previous discoveries, and each new generation of paleontologists continues the legacy of people like Roy Chapman Andrews.
Dinosaurs: Giants of Patagonia
If it weren’t for a series of cataclysmic events; a comet impact being first on the list, our planet could still be the domain of dinosaurs.
Dinosaurs fascinate us so much, that many people wish they were among us. Fortunately, Dinosaurs 3D will be the closest thing to actually being in the presence of these extraordinary creatures. Deeply rooted in science, the film carries the audience back in time to witness these amazing beasts come to life.
Meet the largest living animals to have ever walked the Earth: the titanesque plant-eating Argentinosaur, and its nemesis, the Giganotosaur, a bipedal carnivore, that could easily challenge the famous T-Rex!
Fighter Pilot: Operation Red Flag
John Stratton is a young American fighter pilot who flies the F-15 Eagle, arguably the most potent and successful fighter plane ever built. His grandfather was a decorated World War II flying ace, and he intended to follow in his footsteps.
At Red Flag, the international training exercise for air forces of allied countries, many of the world’s best pilots meet for the most challenging flying of their careers. Red Flag is the final training for pilots and their aircrews before being sent into actual combat. We follow our young pilot as he makes his way through this extraordinary event held in the desert of Nevada. He is amazed at how complex, challenging and dangerous the exercises are.
He begins to notice team members who were not a part of his childhood vision of heroism, the support team crucial to a successful mission, and to a safe return home. In the aerial combat exercises, there are other pilots who aren’t out just to prove themselves, they are helping him — watching his back. And he is doing the same for them. He begins to realize that being a hero is not quite as simple as he once might have thought.
Misrepresented, maligned, and on the verge of extinction, the Great White Shark is an iconic predator: the creature we love to fear. Great White Shark will explore the Great White’s place in our imaginations, in our fears, and in the reality of its role at the top of the oceanic food chain.
Hearst Castle: Building the Dream
High above the majestic central California coast rises an enchanted castle, a special place created from the dreams of one man, William Randolph Hearst. His vision was inspired by his many trips to Europe’s finest castles. From this unique blend of European influence rose an architectural masterpiece which Hearst furnished with priceless art treasures from around the world. Hearst Castle: Building the Dream will captivate audiences with Europe’s spectacular architectural wonders, the foundation for the dream that became Hearst Castle.
Jean-Michel Cousteau’s Secret Ocean
Jean-Michel Cousteau, son of ocean pioneer Jacques Cousteau, offers a breakthrough look at a secret world within the ocean that is perhaps the biggest story of all—that the smallest life in the sea is the mightiest force on which we all depend. Alongside marine biologist Holly Lohuis, he invites viewers to dive into this whole new world that will leave them in awe of the beauty and diversity of the oceans – the source of all life on our planet – and inspire an even stronger desire to protect what they have either seen for the first time or perhaps re-discovered along the journey.
Narrated by renowned oceanographer Dr. Sylvia Earle, Jean-Michel Cousteau’s Secret Ocean 3D introduces audiences to over 30 species, illuminating behaviors captured for the first time thanks to the development of new tools that allow underwater filming in 3D, ultra-HD 5K, slow motion, macro, and with motion control, and takes them to remarkable and vibrant environments such as the Bahamas, Fiji, and Bimini.
Journey to Space
NASA’s next era will be its greatest yet. That is the clear “roadmap” painted by Journey To Space. The film absolutely annihilates the perception that the space program died with the end of the Space Shuttle Program by showcasing the exciting plans NASA and the space community are working on, and the challenges they must overcome to carry out audacious missions such as landing astronauts on Mars and capturing asteroids.
By using extensive interviews with astronauts Chris Ferguson (Commander of the final shuttle mission) and Serena Aunon (a new astronaut chosen for future flights), Journey To Space gives a sweeping overview of past space accomplishments, current activities and future plans.
Journey To Space puts into historical context the magnificent contributions made by the Space Shuttle program and its intrepid space pioneers. It uses the most spectacular space footage – including unique views of Earth and operations in space – such as deploying and repairing the Hubble Space Telescope. It then goes on to show how the Shuttle launched and assembled the International Space Station (ISS). Together, these programs have taught us how to live, build and conduct science in space. The ISS will continue operating in space until 2024, and the film shows how it is building a foundation for the next giant leaps into space.
The film concludes with a fascinating, realistic scenario of how astronauts will actually get to Mars, live there for long duration, and then return home after a two-and-a-half-year mission. This includes the new icons of the next chapter of space exploration:
– Orion is NASA’s first spacecraft designed to carry humans on long-duration deep space exploration missions throughout the solar system.
– Olympus, an inflatable transportation habitat, is an early concept 45- or 50-feet diameter module that would provide astronauts the work area and living space necessary for long-duration missions. Smaller versions have already flown in space, and a full-scale version is shown undergoing ground testing.
– The Space Launch System (SLS), a new giant rocket, will carry spacecraft, Mars landers and ascent vehicles to place astronauts on the surface of Mars. SLS will generate over nine million pounds of thrust and will launch hardware into orbit equivalent to the weight of 22 elephants.
Journey To Space will both inspire a new generation of young people to dream of new horizons in space, and engender a new appreciation for the accomplishments of the Space Shuttle Program among an older generation who came to take it for granted.
Journey To Space is co-produced and co-distributed by K2 Films, Inc. and Giant Screen Films and will be released in IMAX(R), Giant Screen and other specialty theaters in 2D and 3D.
Legends of Flight
In the hundred-year-plus history of aviation, truly radical new aircraft designs come along only once in a generation. Since the introduction of the wide bodies of the late 1960s and early 1970s (followed by the Boeing 777 in 1994), there have been no truly “game changing” new passenger airliner designs until now, with the development of the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
Through the eyes of chief test pilot Mike Carriker, a legendary contemporary pilot who is flight rated in more than 100 airplanes, we will see how a century of aviation trial and error, and some of the seminal airplanes of the 20th century influenced the design of the Dreamliner. The audience will be thrilled with the flight of these legendary airplanes in some of the most breathtaking sequences ever seen on giant (IMAX®) theater screens. Theater-goers will be there for all the important milestones at the dawn of a new era in commercial aviation. They will see the first public flight of the massive, but super efficient Airbus A380 at the 2007 Paris Air Show and the first flight of the smaller, even more efficient 787, the first-ever carbon fiber airliner that made its maiden flight in 2009.
Legends of Flight will also give audiences an insider’s view of how a modern aircraft is built, and make them privy to the manufacturing challenges and incredible financial risks companies assume when they embark on radical new designs. In the end, this unique cinematic experience shows how the 787 might affect the next 100 years of aeronautical design.
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Full Transcripts
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Ari Fleischer
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Presidential Executive Order on a Task Force on Crime Reduction and Public Safety February 9, 2017
Presidential Executive Order on Preventing Violence Against Federal, State, Tribal, and Local Law Enforcement Officers February 9, 2017
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The President’s News Conference in Munich, Germany
Spoken by
July 8, 1992 February 5, 2017
The President. I’ve spent the past 3 days discussing the responsibilities and opportunities that we have for encouraging stronger economic growth in our countries and, indeed, in the entire world. We’ve also discussed sustaining political reform in the emerging democracies as well as regional political issues, including Yugoslavia.
I would cite five key accomplishments at the Munich economic summit. We’ve succeeded in achieving a solid consensus on strengthening world growth. Recovery is underway in the United States. Japan, Germany, and Italy — —
Q. [Inaudible] — the homeless. They mourn your decisions here. Repent. They mourn your decisions here. You’re not giving us your voice.
The President. I’m trying to give — —
Q. [Inaudible] — us your voice in the U.S.
The President. I’m trying to give you my voice right now, and if you’d be quiet maybe you could hear it.
Q. But you’re not giving it to us. We tried.
The President. Well, would you please sit down. We’re in the middle of a press conference here.
Q. You’re not giving us your voice there.
The President. Well, what’s your question, sir?
Q. I’m under 25, and I want to know — —
The President. Well, I can tell that. [Laughter] Now, what’s your question?
Q. I want to know why Siemens gets more credit than the homeless in the United States?
The President. We’ll get back to you on that. Now, if you’d please sit down, or I’ll have to ask — because it’s not fair to everybody else for you to be making a little political statement here. Who are you and who are you accredited to?
Q. My name is Charles Kane. I’m from the United States. I work with a magazine in The Netherlands. It’s a youth magazine, and we want to know why we’re not taken seriously. We’re an environmental group.
The President. Well, maybe you’re rude. People don’t take rude people seriously. And if you interrupt a press conference like this, I’m sure that people would say that’s why we don’t take you seriously. Sit down, and I will take a question from you when we get in the question-and-answer period. Right now I would like to continue my statement, with your permission.
Now, where were we? We were talking about economic recovery. It’s underway in the United States. Japan, Germany, and Italy have taken actions in the last few days to strengthen their growth. Also the United States has cut its interest rates. These actions will help our domestic economy continue its recovery. U.S. exports to a growing world economy will increase American jobs.
We’ll work with Poland on new uses for its currency stabilization fund that will support market reform once Poland reaches agreement with the IMF on a program. I believe this is a very important encouragement for Poland and an expression of our faith in Poland’s commitment to market reform.
We expressed strong support for President Yeltsin’s reform efforts. This is a tribute to his leadership and vision in working to bring a great country firmly into the family of democratic, market-oriented countries.
We’ve demonstrated our commitment to the future of safe nuclear power by agreeing on a coordinated cooperative effort with Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union to improve the safety of Soviet-designed power reactors.
And finally, we’re taking a number of steps relating to Yugoslavia, both to relieve the horrible suffering in Bosnia and to contain the spread of ethnic violence.
With more growth, we will create new job opportunities at home. We will also be able to help emerging democracies establish the vibrant market economies so vital for their political and economic development.
We had a frank exchange of views on trade. We all recognize that completing the Uruguay round will give a major boost to world growth by expanding trade for all countries, developed as well as developing. I’ve worked hard over the past year to identify constructive solutions to tough issues. It’s natural that as we get close to the end, the going gets tougher. But I will persevere because the benefits of success are tremendous. All summit leaders expect that an agreement can be reached by the end of the year.
Now, one thing stands out clearly from our discussions. The triumph of the ideals of democracy and free markets throughout the world means that distinctions between domestic and international economic policies are increasingly meaningless. This is particularly true for the U.S., where over 70 percent of our growth in the last 5 years has come from exports. Over 7 million American jobs are related to exports, and clearly, America’s well-being is tied closely to the health of the world economy. What’s happened here and how we all follow through on our commitments concerns every American.
And now I’ll be glad to take some questions. I think Terry [Terence Hunt, Associated Press] has the first one.
Q. Mr. President, you said in Washington that you supported the idea of making the G – 7 a G – 8 with the addition of Russia. Is that going to fly or — —
The President. I thought I said we were open-minded on it.
Q. Somebody said, “Do you support it?” and you said, “That’s right.”
The President. Well, I think you have to look at the whole statement. But look, this will be considered. Russia attended last year; Russia is attending this year. This matter has not yet come up. It will be discussed this afternoon. But clearly, I support President Yeltsin being here today. We have big differences in the world economies. And maybe it will be concluded that the seven plus one is the answer; that makes eight. But we’ll just have to wait and see how the negotiations go.
Q. Are you concerned that Russia’s backsliding on energy and inflation? Are you satisfied with the progress of their economic reform package?
The President. I don’t think Russia is satisfied with the progress of their economic reform. And what we want to do is just encourage economic reform in every way. See, I feel that one of the quickest ways for that Russian economy to recover is to move forward on the energy front with private investment much more quickly.
What was the other part? Energy and what?
Q. They’re printing many more rubles and adding — —
The President. Inflation. I think there is a concern about inflation. But all of these matters will be discussed this afternoon. But we don’t want to overlook the fact that President Yeltsin has come in; he’s taken some courageous steps in terms of reform. He’s made decisions at home that are quite unpopular. So as this big economy begins to move and begins to be much more market-oriented, there are bound to be problems. And yes, I’m sure they’re concerned, as everybody is, about inflation.
Q. Mr. President, do you think that you have properly defined to the American people and to Congress the future role of NATO in terms of Europe in the post-cold-war world? That is, does it mean American troops will have to go into every ethnic struggle, every national civil war as they are assigned by NATO, and should we do that?
The President. No, it doesn’t mean that American troops will go into every struggle. NATO, in our view, and I think in the view of most of the participants if not all, is the fundamental guarantor of European security. It is in the national interest of the United States in my view to keep a strong presence, a U.S. presence, in NATO. I don’t think anybody suggests that if there is a hiccup here or there or a conflict here or there that the United States is going to send troops.
Yugoslavia is a good example. What we’re interested in doing is moving forward to help, but I’ve not committed to use U.S. troops there, and nobody has suggested that NATO troops are going to go into that arena.
Q. What did you mean by a guarantor of security? Someone said that you were waiting for the Red army to regroup. What is the meaning?
The President. The enemy at this juncture is unpredictability. A strong NATO that has kept the peace, helped keep the peace in Europe for 40-some years can keep it for the next 40 years. That’s what we’re talking about.
Now, let’s go to this gentleman who is so agitated here.
Q. I just want to know why there’s no new nuclear power plants in the United States being built, but you’re proposing for Siemens to build them in Eastern Europe.
The President. Well, I’d like some more to be built.
Q. Why are they so unsafe in our country and so safe in their country?
The President. I don’t think — —
Q. Why is it only the G – 7 — —
The President. You’ve asked your question, sir, and let me try to answer it for you. I favor nuclear power. I believe that it can be safely used. I believe that it is environmentally sound. I have great confidence in U.S. technology. I notice that the French feel the same way. So I am not a President who is opposed to nuclear power. Indeed, our energy bill that we’ve got forward would facilitate ways for more safe use of nuclear power.
The debate here has been that we ought to try to help those areas that have nuclear facilities that might not have the latest technology and might not meet the same standards of safety that we use in our country.
Thank you very much. Now we’ll go here.
Q. Do you respect the —
The President. You’ve had your question.
Q. Come on. Sit down.
Q. Think about it. Is the world going to be a better place — —
The President. This is coming out of your time, gang, and we’ve got 20 minutes.
Q. Mr. President — —
Q. Come on. This guy is not respecting us at all. You guys are all part of the system, too. Thanks a lot. Go ahead. We’ve given up.
World Economic Growth and Domestic Jobs
Q. Much has been said here by you and others about the benefits for the United States of accelerated growth in other economies of the world. You don’t contend, do you, sir, that there will be any immediate benefits, such as on the unemployment rate in the United States, do you?
The President. Immediate benefit to world growth?
Q. From world growth on, for example, the unemployment rate in the United States.
The President. I think world growth is a guarantor of more employment in the United States because I think it will — —
Q. But when?
The President. Well, it’s very hard to put a particular date on it. You’ve got an economy now where, in our country, where you saw this investment from BMW, which is very good. But there’s a delay before it will employ the 2,000 people or whatever that’s predicted. But exports have saved our economy. They would be much more vigorous if the world was growing faster. So I think you just have to wait and see how fast countries grow. But as they grow, that is a much better market for American products.
France and Trade Negotiations
Q. Mr. President, every year, or at least for the last several years, we’ve come to these summits and been promised a trade agreement. You’ve done that again this year. Why should this year be different, particularly since you seem to have encountered such opposition from the French? Do you have promises from Mr. Mitterrand to deal with this once his referendum is over?
The President. I think there’s a general feeling that the referendum is causing problems for the French. All I know is that we are going to keep pushing. We’re ready to conclude one now. I have made very clear, some political comments to the contrary at home notwithstanding, that the politics does not interfere with the United States readiness to go forward. And we’ve made that point here. But I am disappointed.
We didn’t come here, incidentally, Charles [Charles Bierbauer, Cable News Network], thinking that this was going to be the forum in which the GATT round would be solved. If I had felt that way, I think you would have seen our very able negotiators on the scene. But I think there’s some political realities out there that make it more difficult for one country or another to conclude an agreement. All I know is we’re going to keep pushing for it without regard to the U.S. election. It is in our interest. So that’s the only way I know to answer.
Q. How far has President Mitterrand gone to give you assurances that he’ll be prepared to deal after that referendum?
The President. I would not go into how far he’s gone. I simply think that there will be more of a readiness on the part of the French after the referendum.
Q. Mr. President, it seems to me that one could read this final communique and reasonably conclude that Poland and Russia got more out of the economic summit than the United States. Where’s the beef for the U.S. economy?
The President. Where’s what?
Q. Where’s the beef for the U.S. economy?
The President. In the first place, these summits should not be looked at as coming out with an eight-point agenda or something like that. That’s not what they’re about. We have one global economy, and we’re all involved in that global economy. And when we make commitments to growth, that benefits not just the G – 7 plus one, but it benefits everybody else. And so I would simply say, as we move forward together with the Europeans, whether it’s on Yugoslavia or whether it’s on world growth, that is in the interest of the United States of America. You can’t separate out the international economy from the domestic economy.
President Yeltsin
Q. I wanted to ask you about Boris Yeltsin, your latest opinion of him. He crashed in here, gate-crashed the dinner last night. He’s complained about the $24 billion fund, that the IMF put more restrictions on him, that Russia’s sovereignty would be insulted. Do you regard him as a really reliable partner or as a bit of a loose cannon?
The President. I regard him as a very courageous leader who is trying against some pretty tough odds to reform an authoritarian system, Communist system, and to make it into a market economy. And I can understand the frustration that he might feel and express from time to time about where’s the beef, what’s in this for us. But I think he also knows that when he gets advice on genuine reforms from the IMF that he must comply. So I think there may be frustration on his part. But on the other hand, I think all of us at this G – 7 meeting support him and support what he’s trying to do.
I would just take exception to the question, one part of it, where you say he crashed the dinner. A place was set; he got a warm welcome. [Laughter] So I don’t think that’s a very fair assessment to a courageous leader.
Q. Do you think the characterization that he’s like a bull in a china shop is not accurate?
The President. Well, I’ve not heard that particular characterization. But the man is strong, and he’s tough, and he’s committed. And I have seen that in my various meetings with him, bilateral meetings. He’s trying hard, and he has our respect. And he’s up against big odds. We all know that. But he’s got a good, young team around him, and you ought to give him great credit for that, Kozyrev and Gaydar, particularly on the financial side, the latter. And we’re here to support him. I think he’s conducted himself very, very well here.
U.S. Economy and Leadership Role
Q. Mr. President, your aides said this week that they’re having trouble getting your message out, in this case maybe on your international leadership and jobs creation through this global expansion on the economy. Who do you fault for that?
The President. I don’t know what aides you’re talking about. We’ll keep getting it out. I think the way that we met here with these leaders and people see agreement on world growth, that’s good. I think people feel that the world economy is growing, just as I feel the U.S. economy is growing. So if there’s any blame, I guess I take the blame. But I don’t buy into it that the message isn’t getting out. I think people come to the recognition that we’ve got some problems, certainly problems when people are hurting and they don’t have jobs. But on the other hand, as they begin to feel the economy moving, I think things will change.
I’m still interested in the statistic I saw — I forgot I don’t read polls — that I read in a poll. What it said was that 60 percent of the people in the country still think the economy is getting worse. It’s not. It is improving. Now, maybe not improving fast enough, but it is improving. There’s a gap between perception and reality.
So on your question I think maybe the answer is: Just keep getting the truth out, getting the message out. Keep encouraging Congress to do that which I wish they had done long ago instead of about — I wish they would move forward now and stimulate the economy in some selective ways that we’ve been proposing since my State of the Union Message. They haven’t done it. I’m going to keep encouraging them to do it because that would be the best thing we could do to help all Americans get back to work and to stimulate growth.
Q. Mr. President, there’s been a good deal of speculation that the leadership role of the United States in the world and perhaps even that of the U.S. President is somewhat diminished with the end of the cold war, with the difficulties that all of the economies, including our own, are showing. Do you feel that at meetings like this, that the relationship between you and your peers and colleagues is different than it was before? And if so, how?
The President. No, I don’t feel it.
Q. Do you feel that the economy of the United States, being in the shape it is, makes it more difficult for you to speak up and get your points across?
The President. No, because I think as you look around at world economies, a lot of the world economies are sharing the same problems. So I don’t feel that at all. In fact, I feel since Desert Storm something quite different.
Federal Budget Deficit
Q. Mr. President, one of the key points of the communique is that the Government should curb excessive public deficits. At the same time, you’ve presided over the largest increase in the Federal deficit in the U.S. in history. My question is, we’ve heard you talk about the problems of the Great Society programs, the Carter administration, and the Democratic leadership. Have you given serious reflection to the thought of many economists that the deficit you are grappling with is in large part due to the policies of the Reagan administration, in which you served?
The President. No, I haven’t given much thought to that, but I’ve given a lot of thought to how to get the deficit down. And the way to get the deficit down is to contain the growth of mandatory spending and is to keep the caps that we negotiated back in 1990 on discretionary spending and to stimulate economic growth. That is the way to get the U.S. deficits down. And some of that is reflected, incidentally, in the statement on growth that we made with the leaders here.
Q. Just a followup. Just after the Los Angeles riots you were asked whether trickle-down economics had, in fact, worked to help the lower income people move up. And you said that you would consider everything, whether everything worked. Have you looked at that particular policy?
The President. Yes, and I’ve looked at what we ought to do for the cities. And we’ve proposed a good program, and I hope it will pass the Congress.
Future U.S. Troop Deployment
Q. The United States has supported a proposal at the summit that will be going to Helsinki for NATO to take part in peacekeeping in places like Yugoslavia. The United States will have 200,000 troops in NATO. Earlier you said that the United States would not be going to such places as Yugoslavia. How can we avoid taking part in peacekeeping with the use of American troops if NATO is going to undertake that role?
The President. Well, if NATO undertakes a role, of course, the United States of America is going to be involved in it. But in terms of Yugoslavia, our interest is in terms of trying to get humanitarian support in there. I have no plans to inject ourselves into a combat situation in Yugoslavia. We have naval power, we have air power, and we are a part of the security, obviously, a key and critical part of NATO. But nothing in that should be read that I would commit U.S. forces into combat. I’m just not saying what we’re going to do on all that.
I thought Colin — I was looking at his statement today, and I think that he expresses administration policy very well on that, the purpose of providing humanitarian aid and not for trying to resolve the underlying political issue. So, Saul [Saul Friedman, Newsday], I think you’ve jumped out ahead of where consideration of the NATO role is for Yugoslavia at this point.
Q. I’m speaking of other such conflicts.
The President. Well, that’s too hypothetical to go into. You saw the United States respond in the Middle East, and that wasn’t a NATO operation. And yet, most of the countries in Europe in one way or other responded to be helpful.
Q. A follow on Don’s [Don Oberdorfer, Washington Post] earlier question. You’ve said several times at home that the U.S. is now the undisputed leader of the free world. I think a lot of people would agree. Yet, we’re having difficulty exerting our national interest in areas like trade. And in these bloody conflicts in Yugoslavia and South Africa our leadership doesn’t seem to be respected; our democratic values aren’t being followed. I just wondered what do you make of this?
The President. I don’t agree with your assessment of U.S. leadership, and I don’t think anybody in this G – 7 would agree with that. I just think that people still look to the United States. Now, we are working in concert with our allies. We’ve got a global economy. It’s just not one country that solves a problem. I’ve believed since I’ve been President of working multilaterally when it’s in our interest and when it can produce the most good, and I’m going to continue to do that.
So I don’t accept the assessment. I think one thing that has been celebrated by everybody since we’ve been here is the significant reduction in nuclear arms. They look to that as a major leadership achievement of the United States of America and Russia. So I haven’t encountered the kind of theme that you were asking about.
Q. I just wonder whether you feel that being a superpower isn’t necessarily what it used to be cracked up to be.
The President. No, I think, in all candor — and I don’t want to be offensive to others while I’m here in a multilateral environment — I think we are the sole remaining superpower. And that’s when you consider economic and military and everything else. And I think others see it that way. But that doesn’t mean that the way you lead is to dictate. That’s not the way you try to do it.
Q. You’ve said that you went to war in the Persian Gulf for principle and that a new order came out of that. And now you’re saying that you can’t address the political problem in Yugoslavia. What does the new world order have to offer for the people of what used to be Yugoslavia, who need to have their political problems addressed, who have lost land and — —
The President. I didn’t say we couldn’t address political problems. I said we’re not going to use United States troops to solve the political problems. That’s very different. We’ve got some vigorous diplomacy. We first work the humanitarian question, and then you do what you try to do in preconflict situations or conflict situations and try to use your best diplomatic effort. In this case, you work with the Europeans. You support Lord Carrington; you support Cyrus Vance when he was on the mission for the United Nations; you support these G – 7 neighbors of Yugoslavia. And so it’s not a view of do you put force every time there is an occasion like this.
Take a look at the countries now free from the yoke of international communism and the former Soviet Union. If I followed your question to its logical conclusion, it would be suggesting the only way you’re going to solve the problem of Azerbaijan and Armenia or the Crimea or wherever it is, is to inject U.S. force. And that’s not the way we conduct our policy. That’s not the way you keep the peace.
Q. Back to Mr. Yeltsin, sir. Economists are sounding increasingly alarmed that the $24 billion which are on offer to him overall is rather paltry given the enormous task and risks involved. For example, Germany has already spent more than $100 billion on transforming Eastern Germany just to maintain stability there. What’s your view — I’m talking numbers here — what’s your view, is $24 billion sufficient?
The President. I don’t know that there’s enough money in the world to instantly solve the problem of the Russian economy. I think it is a substantial commitment. But it’s got to be accompanied with a continuation of this vigorous reform program in Russia. And that will do it more quickly than anything else.
We were talking before this meeting about the amount of capital that has flowed into South America since we’ve come into office and since the Brady plan and the Enterprise for the Americas have been put into effect. It is amazing the billions of dollars that have flowed into those countries as they have reformed — some are in the process of reforming — but as they have reformed their economies.
And therein lies the answer for Russia. It isn’t going to be done simply through a grant from the IMF. But they’ve got to stay with the reform program that Yeltsin and Gaydar have very courageously put into effect, and they’ve got to build on it. They’ve got to move forward more quickly with energy investment. There’s a lot of things that they’ll be able to do and should do in order to get that dynamism of the private sector involved. And therein lies the ultimate answer. It isn’t going to be through an injection of cash from one of the IFI’s, the international financial institutions.
Time for two more.
Multilateral Trade Negotiations
Q. Mr. President, the interests of the European farmers seem to have been defended fairly effectively at this summit. Why is it that the interests of U.S. workers and farmers keep losing out at the trade talks?
The President. I don’t think the U.S. farmers lost out at all. We are not going to enter into a deal that is detrimental to the U.S. agricultural economy. And I don’t think anybody thinks we are.
What do you mean, “keeps losing out”? Maybe I missed something.
Q. Every year we’re promised that there’s going to be a GATT agreement by the end of the year, every year since you’ve been President. And every year it doesn’t happen. Is there a reason to think it’s going to happen — —
The President. But that’s not — making a bad deal is not something that the American farmer should be anything but grateful about. We’re going to make a good deal, and it will benefit the agricultural economy because we can compete with anyone anywhere. So that’s kind of the underpinning of the negotiation. So I don’t think the U.S. farmer loses out when you don’t rush to make an agreement that might not be a good one. You keep plodding until you get a good one, and that’s what we’re trying to do.
Q. Is the status quo acceptable to U.S. farmers?
The President. The status quo is better than a bad deal, but it’s not as good as a good GATT agreement. And that’s the answer. The way you asked the question, I don’t think the American farmer keeps getting shafted. What he wants is access to markets because we know we can compete. That’s the kind of agreement we’re determined to get. It should be a fair agreement, and it will be a fair agreement.
Economic Summit and Domestic Politics
Q. Could you tell me a little bit about the atmospherics of this meeting and others? With the exception of Prime Minister Major, everyone has their own domestic, political, electoral problems. Does that come up between you, and do you commiserate? How would you describe it?
The President. That’s a very interesting question. And one thing you do get out of this summit is it’s not just the United States that has this kind of mood of turmoil. It’s very interesting when you talk to these leaders, not just strictly on the economic side but on the political side as well. And we do discuss it. Everyone, I think, shares the same confidence that I do that as the world growth takes place a lot of that discontent will go away. A lot of it is economic, not all of it; some of it’s just antipolitical. But yes, we had some very interesting discussions on that.
Q. Do you ever come to the point of saying, “Look, I can’t deal with that now; I’ll have to deal with it 2 months from now”?
The President. No, I can’t think of a single international question that I would address any differently if the election weren’t right over the horizon. I made that very clear on the Uruguay round. So let me just clear the air on this. We want a deal. We think it’s in everybody’s interest to have a deal. And in no way is domestic election politics interfering with this.
I would cite the same thing here today in terms of the North American free trade agreement. It is in the interest of America to conclude a North American free trade agreement. And we’re going to work to do just that. That will mean more jobs and more investment. Every time you get free trade, it does it. Look at the agreement with Canada. Trade’s done nothing but go up, and that means jobs on both sides of the border.
So I can’t think of anything that would be on the agenda that we have here or possible agenda where I would conduct myself differently because of an election coming up.
Thank you all very much.
Posted on July 8, 1992 February 5, 2017 Author George BushCategories Press ConferencesTags imported
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Catholic politicians and bishops
Most Rev. Raymond L. Burke
Some have accused me and other bishops of introducing division within the church and between the church and the political order of our country by our public declaration regarding the moral duty of Catholic politicians and their exclusion from Communion, in the case of their serious failure in carrying out their moral duty. I have often reflected upon these accusations, in examining my conscience regarding my action in the matter.
In his post-synodal apostolic exhortation Pastores Gregis (�On the Bishop, Servant of the Gospel of Jesus Christ for the Hope of the World,� Oct. 16, 2003), Pope John Paul II underlines the scriptural boldness demanded of the bishop as shepherd (No. 66c). In this context, he describes the bishop as a �prophet of justice,� declaring: �He proclaims the church�s moral teaching by defending life from conception to its natural end� (No. 67a-b).
In proclaiming the church�s moral teaching, the bishop faces a challenge before the situation of a member of the flock who is engaged in political life and supports a position contrary to the moral law. The situation is especially serious when the position in question is contrary to the first precept of the natural and divinely revealed moral law, which requires us to safeguard and foster human life. It is made even more serious when the position espoused condones the taking of the innocent and defenseless life of the unborn child, a crime which �has characteristics making it particularly serious and deplorable� (John Paul II, Evangelium Vitae, �On the Value and Inviolability of Human Life,� 1995, No. 58a).
Teaching on Catholic Politicians
The Catholic bishops of the United States, at their meeting in November 1998, approved Living the Gospel of Life: A Challenge to American Catholics, a statement that constitutes a collective exercise of the episcopal responsibility to shepherd by speaking for justice. We declared: �No public official, especially one claiming to be a faithful and serious Catholic, can responsibly advocate for or actively support direct attacks on innocent human life� (No. 32). We acknowledged that the greatest good that a Catholic politician, �whose absolute personal opposition to procured abortion� is �well known,� may be able to accomplish, at a given time, is to limit the harm done by a �law which allows or promotes a moral evil.� At the same time, we made it clear that �no appeal to policy, procedure, majority will or pluralism ever excuses a public official from defending life to the greatest extent possible� (No. 32; see Evangelium Vitae, Nos. 73-4).
On Nov. 24, 2002, the Solemnity of Christ the King, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, with the approval of Pope John Paul II and by his order, published a Doctrinal Note on Some Questions Regarding the Participation of Catholics in Political Life for the purpose of recalling �some principles proper to the Christian conscience, which inspire the social and political involvement of Catholics in democratic societies� (No. 1d). The note states the constant teaching of the church �that those who are directly involved in lawmaking bodies have a �grave and clear obligation to oppose� any law that attacks human life� (No. 4a). It further makes clear that �the rightful autonomy of the political or civil sphere from that of religion and the church� cannot mean an autonomy of the political order from morality, and that for the Catholic involved in political life, serving the common good certainly means �acting in conformity with one�s own conscience� (No. 6c). In this regard, the doctrinal note observes that it is �a form of intolerant secularism� that disqualifies Christians from political life because of their duty to act according to their conscience (No. 6d). It is understood that a correctly formed conscience cannot be �set in opposition to the moral law or the magisterium of the church� (Catechism of the Catholic Church, No. 2039; see also No. 1783).
Pastoral Care of Catholic Politicians
It is the bishop�s duty to give pastoral care to Catholic politicians who offer a most important service to the whole of society. The bishop�s pastoral care in no way constitutes an unjust involvement of the church in politics. The bishop leaves to Catholic politicians and all politicians the practical decisions about the best way to serve the common good. A politician�s practical decision regarding how to safeguard the common good necessarily includes protecting the life of every individual. The failure to protect the life of the unborn, a violation of the moral law, violates the common good and betrays the trust given to elected officials. The bishop�s pastoral concern is for the spiritual good of the Catholic politician and of the many Catholics who are influenced by his or her exercise of political leadership. More fundamentally, the bishop�s concern is for the good of the innocent human lives threatened and taken by procured abortion.
The �intolerant secularism,� which tells a Catholic politician that he may not act according to his conscience, characterizes the exercise of the bishop�s pastoral responsibility as a violation of the legitimate autonomy of the political sphere from the church. Right reason, on the contrary, tells us that a bishop, if he truly cares for the flock, must admonish Catholic politicians �who choose to depart from church teaching on the inviolability of human life in their public life� regarding �the consequences for their own spiritual well being, as well as the scandal they risk by leading others into serious sin� (Living the Gospel of Life, No. 32). Once again, it must be noted that the bishop always has before his eyes the most fundamental good of life from the moment of conception.
The danger of scandal is real. In Evangelium Vitae, Pope John Paul II describes in a compelling way how the moral gravity of abortion �has become progressively obscured� in our time (No. 58b). It was brought home to me recently when a highly placed government official who is not Catholic, reflecting upon the great number of Catholic politicians who vote for laws that provide for abortion and the seeming acceptability of such a position in the church, asked me sincerely, �Is it possible, Archbishop, that a different pope would change the church�s teaching on abortion?� As a bishop, I cannot be na�ve about the fact that the church�s clear and consistent teaching and discipline regarding procured abortion over nearly 2,000 years is, in our time, badly obscured in the minds of many, including Catholics. The bishop�s call to be �a prophet for justice� on behalf of the innocent and defenseless unborn is clarion clear.
Exclusion From Holy Communion
Canon 915 of the Code of Canon Law requires that those who �obstinately� persevere �in manifest grave sin are not to be admitted to holy Communion.� Some have wrongly characterized my application of this norm in the case of Catholic politicians who support anti-life legislation as the imposition of a canonical sanction.
First of all, Canon 915 is not part of Book Six of the code, which treats of ecclesiastical sanctions. It is true that ecclesiastical sanctions may involve exclusion from the reception of holy Communion, even as the first part of Canon 915 notes, referring to those �who have been excommunicated or interdicted.� But the second part of the canon refers to an exclusion that is inherent in the nature itself of the sacrament of the holy Eucharist.
The Eucharist, our greatest good in the church, is �the culmination of all the sacraments in perfecting our communion with God the Father by identification with his only-begotten Son through the working of the Holy Spirit� (John Paul II, encyclical letter Ecclesia de Eucharistia, �On the Eucharist in Its Relationship to the Church� (April 17, 2003, No. 34b). The reception of Communion, therefore, requires certain dispositions within us, lest we sin against the holiness of the sacrament.
In his encyclical letter Ecclesia de Eucharistia, Pope John Paul II presents, in a full way, the visible and invisible dimension of the communion with Christ and the church that must exist for a worthy reception of the body of Christ (Nos. 34-46). Regarding the invisible dimension of communion, he reminds us of what we have been taught or should have been taught from our first preparation for holy Communion, namely that it is a sacrilege to receive the sacrament when one is not in the state of grace. One who publicly condones and promotes objectively grave sin also lacks the proper disposition for the worthy reception of holy Communion. As the Catechism of the Catholic Church, following the ancient admonition of St. Paul, reminds us, we must examine our conscience before approaching to receive Communion; and if we are involved in a grave sin, we must repent and be absolved of the sin in the sacrament of penance before receiving Communion (No. 1385 and 1 Cor 11:27-29). I write this as one who must and does examine his own conscience every time he celebrates Mass and receives Communion, as one who is only too well aware of his own need of constant conversion.
The matter is complicated further by the public nature of the Catholic politician�s violation of the moral law in supporting or voting for legislation that permits the taking of an innocent human life, for the sin risks scandal to others. The scandal is especially grave when Catholic politicians not only fail to restrict the evil of abortion within the bounds permitted by the U.S. Supreme Court, but even promote the �right� to abortion, praising the historical extension of this right and harshly criticizing those who favor laws to protect unborn human life. How can one not be gravely scandalized by the spectacle of Catholic politicians who advance the agenda of pro-abortion organizations like Planned Parenthood and the National Abortion Rights Action League?
In other words, for the Catholic politician to receive Communion when he or she has publicly violated the moral law in a grave matter like procured abortion risks leading others into thinking that they can accept procured abortion with a right conscience. In such a case, if the Catholic politician does not recognize the lack of the proper disposition to receive Communion, then the church herself must refuse the sacrament, in order to safeguard the worthy reception of the sacrament and to prevent a serious scandal among the faithful. I mentioned above the conversation with a prominent non-Catholic public official who was confused about the firmness of the church�s teaching on procured abortion because of Catholic politicians who support pro-abortion legislation and yet claim to be good Catholics. After I had set forth the church�s discipline in the matter during my service as bishop of La Crosse, many Catholics and non-Catholics alike wrote to thank me for making clear what had been very confusing for them. The teaching and discipline that I set forth is not in any way new, and it should not be exploited as a political tool by anyone.
Did I impose a canonical sanction on the Catholic politicians from the Diocese of La Crosse, who had departed from the church�s teaching on the inviolability of human life? I did not. I merely declared that public cooperation in a gravely sinful act, which has always excluded one from the worthy reception of the sacrament and is the cause of scandal, was present in the situation I was addressing. Here I note that the declaration regarding the exclusion from holy Communion came only after a personal communication of the church�s teaching and the request to speak with the Catholic politicians about the gravity of their position. Canon 915 does not require that the competent authority in the church actually judge the state of a person�s soul, which only God can do, but rather the objective contradiction between the faith the person professes and his or her persistent actions contrary to clear teaching, after pastoral admonition, especially in the light of the harm that such counter-witness causes.
In this regard, it seems to me that there has been a general failure in the church to teach effectively the truth about the holy Eucharist and what is required to approach the sacrament worthily. I have frequently had the impression that some Catholics today believe that mere presence at Mass means that one may receive Communion. Reception of Communion can become a kind of social action of those present at Mass. In such a climate, to state that anyone is excluded from Communion is seen as the imposition of a harsh sanction, when, in fact, it is merely the recognition that one is involved in objectively grave sin.
Finally, some have questioned whether a Catholic politician�s public departure from the church�s teaching on the inviolability of human life constitutes manifest grave sin. Certainly procuring an abortion is �a gravely sinful act.� Supporting legislation that provides for procured abortion is participation in a gravely sinful act, what the church�s moral teaching calls formal cooperation. The natural and divinely revealed moral law forbids this cooperation in the taking of an innocent life (Evangelium Vitae, No. 73b). Therefore a Catholic politician who supports or votes for laws that are unjust, because they permit procured abortion, persists in a gravely sinful act.
Some have accused me and other bishops of introducing division within the church and between the church and the political order of our country by our public declaration regarding the moral duty of Catholic politicians and their exclusion from Communion, in the case of their serious failure in carrying out their moral duty. Others have questioned the prudence of such declarations because of the attack they bring upon the church or their adverse political effect. I have often reflected upon these accusations, in examining my conscience regarding my action in the matter.
Having considered the matter carefully, I respond that the division is already present, both in the conscience of Catholics who dissent from a most fundamental church teaching and in the �intolerant secularism� prevalent in our nation, which would exclude Catholics from political life unless they be willing to violate their conscience. In our habit of �political correctness,� we do not like to acknowledge these divisions, but they must be recognized for the sake of our consciences and for the good of the nation.
For a bishop or any pastor to exclude someone from Communion is always a source of great sorrow. The sorrow is caused by the care that a pastor naturally has for a soul who rejects the teaching of Christ and his church. What would be profoundly more sorrowful would be the failure of a bishop to call a soul to conversion, the failure to protect the flock from scandal and the failure to safeguard the worthy reception of Communion.
Most Rev. Raymond L. Burke. �Catholic politicians and bishops.� America, (June 21-28, 2004).
This article is reprinted with permission from America. All rights reserved.
Most Rev. Raymond L. Burke is the archbishop of St. Louis, Mo.
Copyright � 2004 America
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Tsar Explained
Tsar (or), also spelled czar, or tzar or csar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe, originally the Bulgarian monarchs from 10th century onwards, much later a title for two rulers of the Serbian State, and from 1547 the supreme ruler of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire. In this last capacity it lends its name to a system of government, tsarist autocracy or tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word caesar, which was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch)—but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank.
"Tsar" and its variants were the official titles of the following states:
First Bulgarian Empire, in 919–1018
Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1185–1396
Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371
Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by imperator, but still remaining in use, also officially in relation to several regions until 1917)
Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946
The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria.[1] Simeon II, the last tsar of Bulgaria, is the last person to have borne the title tsar.
Meaning in Slavic languages
The title tsar is derived from the Latin title for the Roman emperors, caesar.[2] In comparison to the corresponding Latin word imperator, the Byzantine Greek term basileus was used differently depending on whether it was in a contemporary political context or in a historical or Biblical context. In the history of the Greek language, basileus had originally meant something like "potentate". It gradually approached the meaning of "king" in the Hellenistic Period, and it came to designate "emperor" after the inception in the Roman Empire. As a consequence, Byzantine sources continued to call the Biblical and ancient kings "basileus" even when that word had come to mean "emperor" when referring to contemporary monarchs, while it was never applied to Western European kings, whose title was transliterated from Latin rex as Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ῥήξ, or to other monarchs, for whom designations such as Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄρχων ("leader", "chieftain") were used.
As the Greek basileus was consistently rendered as "tsar" in Slavonic translations of Greek texts, the dual meaning was transferred into Church Slavonic. Thus, "tsar" was not only used as an equivalent of Latin imperator (in reference to the rulers of the Byzantine Empire, the Holy Roman Empire and to native rulers) but was also used to refer to Biblical rulers and ancient kings.
From this ambiguity, the development has moved in different directions in the different Slavic languages. Thus, the Bulgarian language and Russian language no longer use "tsar" as an equivalent of the term imperator as it exists in the West European (Latin) tradition. Currently, the term "tsar" refers to native sovereigns, ancient and Biblical rulers, as well as monarchs in fairy tales and the like. The title "king" (Russian korol' , Bulgarian kral-, the origin of which is Charlemagne (Karl)) is sometimes perceived as alien and is by some Russian speakers reserved for (West) European royalty (and, by extension, for those modern monarchs outside of Europe whose titles are translated as "king" in English, roi in French etc.). Foreign monarchs of imperial status, both inside and outside of Europe, ancient as well as modern, are generally called imperator (император) rather than tsar.
In contrast, the Serbocroatian language (which can also be viewed as different languages—Serbian and Croatian) translate "emperor" as "tsar" (car, цар) and not as imperator, whereas the equivalent of "king" (kralj, краљ, король) is used to designate monarchs of non-imperial status, Serbian as well as foreign ancient rulers—like Latin rex. Biblical rulers in Serbian are called цар and in Croatian kralj.
In the modern West Slavic languages and Slovene language, the use of the terms is nearly identical to the one in English and German: a king is designated with one term (Czech král, Slovak kráľ, Polish król, Slovene kralj), an emperor is designated with another, derived from caesar as in German (Czech císař, Slovak cisár, Polish cesarz, Slovene cesar; Croatian cesar and Montenegrin ćesar fell into disuse after World War I), while the exotic term "tsar" (Czech, Slovene and Polish car, Slovak cár) is reserved for the Bulgarian, Russian and Serbian rulers.
In the Polish language, by contrast, tsar is used as an equivalent to imperator, never as king. The term tsar is always used to refer to the Russian rulers before Peter the Great, and very often to those succeeding.
In 705 Emperor Justinian II named Tervel of Bulgaria "caesar", the first foreigner to receive this title, but his descendants continued to use Bulgar title "Kanasubigi". The sainted Boris I is sometimes retrospectively referred to as tsar, because at his time Bulgaria was converted to Christianity. However, the title "tsar" (and its Byzantine Greek equivalent basileus) was actually adopted and used for the first time by his son Simeon I, following a makeshift imperial coronation performed by the Patriarch of Constantinople in 913. After an attempt by the Byzantine Empire to revoke this major diplomatic concession and a decade of intensive warfare, the imperial title of the Bulgarian ruler was recognized by the Byzantine government in 924 and again at the formal conclusion of peace in 927. Since in Byzantine political theory there was place for only two emperors, Eastern and Western (as in the Late Roman Empire), the Bulgarian ruler was crowned basileus as "a spiritual son" of the Byzantine basileus.[3]
Some of the earliest attested occurrences of the titlo-contraction "tsar" (car' ) from "tsesar" (cěsar' ) are found in the grave inscription of the chărgubilja (ichirgu-boil) Mostich, a contemporary of Simeon I and Peter I, from Preslav.
It has been hypothesized that Simeon's title was also recognized by a papal mission to Bulgaria in or shortly after 925, as a concession in exchange for a settlement in the Bulgarian-Croatian conflict or a possible attempt to return Bulgaria to union with Rome. Thus, in the later diplomatic correspondence conducted in 1199–1204 between the Bulgarian ruler Kaloyan and Pope Innocent III, Kaloyan—whose self-assumed Latin title was "Imperator Bulgarorum et Blachorum"—claims that the imperial crowns of Simeon I, his son Peter I, and Samuel were somehow derived from the papacy. The pope, however, only speaks of reges (kings) of Bulgaria in his replies, and eventually grants only that lesser title to Kaloyan, who nevertheless proceeds to thank the pope for the "imperial title" conferred upon him.[4]
The title, later augmented with epithets and titles such as autocrat to reflect current Byzantine practice, was used by all of Simeon's successors until the complete conquest of Bulgaria by the Ottoman Empire in 1422. In Latin sources the emperor of Bulgaria is sometimes designated "emperor of Zagora" (with variant spellings). Various additional epithets and descriptions apart, the official style read "Emperor and Autocrat of all Bulgarians and Greeks".
During the five-century period of Ottoman rule in Bulgaria, the sultan was frequently referred to as "tsar". This may be related to the fact that he had claimed the legacy of the Byzantine Empire or to the fact that the sultan was called basileus in medieval Greek.
After Bulgaria's liberation from the Ottomans in 1878, its new monarchs were at first autonomous prince (knyaz). With the declaration of full independence, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria adopted the traditional title "tsar" in 1908 and it was used until the abolition of the monarchy in 1946. However, these titles were not generally perceived as equivalents of "emperor" any longer. In the Bulgarian as in the Greek vernacular, the meaning of the title had shifted[5] (although Paisius' Slavonic-Bulgarian History (1760–1762) had still distinguished between the two concepts). Accordingly, while Ferdinand and his successors, Boris III and Simeon II, used the title of "tsar" in Bulgarian, they used the title of "king" outside Bulgaria. In the same fashion, the modern rulers of Greece (1821–1923, 1935–1973) used the traditional title of basileus in Greek and the title of "king" when in English speaking countries.
"Tsar" was used once by church officials of Kievan Rus' in the naming of Yaroslav the Wise of Kiev. This may be connected to Yaroslav's war against Byzantium and to his efforts to distance himself from Constantinople. However, other princes of Kievan Rus' never styled themselves as tsars.[6] Russian lands used the term tsar from 1547 up when Knyaz (Russian: Князь) Ivan IV the Terrible was officially crowned tsar of all Russia.[7]
The title of tsar (Serbian car) was used officially by two monarchs, the previous monarchial title being that of king (kralj). In 1345, Stefan Dušan began to style himself "Emperor of Serbs and Greeks" (the Greek renderings read "basileus and autokrator of Serbs and Romans"), and was crowned as such in Skopje on Easter (April 16) 1346 by the newly elevated Serbian patriarch, alongside the Bulgarian patriarch and archbishop of Ohrid. On the same occasion, he had his wife Helena of Bulgaria crowned as empress and his son associated in power as king. When Dušan died in 1355, his son Stefan Uroš V became the next emperor. The new emperor's uncle Simeon Uroš (Siniša) contested the succession and claimed the same titles as a dynast in Thessaly. After his death around 1370, he was succeeded in his claims by his son John Uroš, who retired to a monastery in about 1373.
With the extinction of the Nemanjić dynasty in Serbia in 1371, the imperial title became obsolete (though it was retained by Stefan Uroš IV's widow Elena of Bulgaria until her death in 1376/1377). The royal title was preserved by Vukašin Mrnjavčević, a Serbian ruler in Macedonia, who had been associated by Stefan Uroš. Several other Serbian rulers are known as tsars, although they were never recognized as such. These include Tsar Lazar (who was titled autokrator), Tsar Jovan Nenad (self-given) and Tsar Stephen the Little (who claimed to be the Russian Emperor in Montenegro).
During the period of the Ottoman rule in Serbia, the sultan was also frequently referred to as tsar, for instance in Serbian epic poetry.
See also: List of Russian rulers. The first Russian ruler to openly break with the khan of the Golden Horde, Mikhail of Tver, assumed the title "basileus of Rus" and "czar", more commonly spelled "tsar".[8] Following his assertion of independence from the khan, "Veliki Kniaz" Ivan III of Muscovy started to use the title of tsar (Russian: Царь) regularly in diplomatic relations with the West. From about 1480, he is designated as "imperator" in his Latin correspondence, as "keyser" in his correspondence with the Swedish regent, as "kejser" in his correspondence with the Danish king, Teutonic Knights, and the Hanseatic League. Ivan's son Vasily III continued using these titles. Sigismund von Herberstein observed that the titles of "kaiser" and "imperator" were attempts to render the Russian term "tsar" into German and Latin, respectively.[9]
This was related to Russia's growing ambitions to become an Orthodox "Third Rome", after the Fall of Constantinople. The Muscovite ruler was recognized as an emperor by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in 1514.[10] [11] [12] However, the first Russian ruler to be formally crowned as Tsar of All Rus (Russian: Царь Всея Руси) was Ivan IV, until then known as Grand Prince of all the Russias. Some foreign ambassadors—namely, Herberstein (in 1516 and 1525), Daniel Printz a Buchau (in 1576 and 1578) and Just Juel (in 1709)—indicated that the word "tsar" should not be translated as "emperor", because it is applied by Russians to David, Solomon and other Biblical kings, who are simple reges.[13] On the other hand, Jacques Margeret, a bodyguard of False Demetrius I, argues that the title of "tsar" is more honorable for Muscovites than "kaiser" or "king" exactly because it was God and not some earthly potentate who ordained to apply it to David, Solomon, and other kings of Israel.[14] Samuel Collins, a court physician to Tsar Alexis in 1659-66, styled the latter "Great Emperour", commenting that "as for the word Czar, it has so near relation to Cesar... that it may well be granted to signifie Emperour. The Russians would have it to be an higher title than King, and yet they call David Czar, and our kings, Kirrols, probably from Carolus Quintus, whose history they have among them".[15]
In 1610 Sigismund III of Poland manipulated his son Władysław IV's election as tsar of Russia while Polish forces held Moscow during the Time of Troubles following the death of Boris Godunov. His election, which never resulted in his assumption of the Muscovite throne, was part of an unsuccessful plan by Sigismund to conquer all of Russia and convert the population to Catholicism. As a young man Władysław showed ability as a military leader in operations against Muscovy (1617–18) and the Ottoman Empire (1621).[16]
In 1670, Pope Clement X expressed doubts that it would be appropriate for him to address Alexis as "tsar", because the word is "barbarian" and because it stands for an emperor, a title reserved for the Holy Roman Emperor. Abbot Scarlati's opined that the term is not translatable and therefore may be used by the Pope without any harm. In order to settle the matter and to assert his imperial ambitions more clearly, Peter I the Great issued an edict that raised Russia to an empire and decreed that the Latin title imperator should be used instead of tsar (1721).
The title tsar remained in common usage, and also officially as the designator of various titles signifying rule over various states absorbed by the Muscovite monarchy (such as the former Tatar khanates and the Georgian Orthodox kingdom). In the 18th century, it was increasingly viewed as inferior to "emperor" or highlighting the oriental side of the term.[17] Upon annexing Crimea in 1783, Catherine the Great adopted the hellenicized title "tsaritsa of Tauric Chersonesos", rather than "tsaritsa of the Crimea". By 1815, when a large part of Poland was annexed, the title had clearly come to be interpreted in Russia as the equivalent of Polish król ("king"), and the Russian emperor assumed the title "tsar of Poland".[18]
Since the word "tsar" remained the popular designation of the Russian ruler despite the official change of style, it is commonly used in foreign languages such as English.
Metaphorical uses
See also: Czar (political term).
Like many lofty titles, such as mogul, tsar or czar has been used in English as a metaphor for positions of high authority since 1866 (referring to U.S. President Andrew Johnson), with a connotation of dictatorial powers and style, fitting since "autocrat" was an official title of the Russian Emperor (informally referred to as 'the tsar'). Similarly, Speaker of the House Thomas Brackett Reed was called "Czar Reed" for his dictatorial control of the House of Representatives in the 1880s and 1890s.
In the United States and in the United Kingdom the title "czar" is a colloquial term for certain high-level civil servants, such as the "drug czar" for the director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (not to be confused with a drug baron), "terrorism czar" for a presidential advisor on terrorism policy, "cybersecurity czar" for the highest-ranking Department of Homeland Security official on computer security and information security policy, and "war czar" to oversee the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. More specifically, a czar in the US government typically refers to a sub-cabinet-level advisor within the executive branch. One of the earliest known usages of the term was for Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who was named commissioner of baseball, with broad powers to clean up the sport after it had been sullied by the Black Sox scandal of 1919.[19]
List of Bulgarian monarchs
List of Russian rulers
List of Serbian monarchs
Tsarina
Tsesarevich
Michael and Natasha, The Life and love of the Last Tsar of Russia, Rosemary & Donald Crawford, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 1997.
George Ostrogorsky, "Avtokrator i samodržac", Glas Srpske kraljevske akadamije CLXIV, Drugi razdred 84 (1935), 95-187
John V.A. Fine, Jr., The Early Medieval Balkans, Ann Arbor, 1983
John V.A. Fine, Jr., The Late Medieval Balkans, Ann Arbor, 1987
Robert O. Crummey, The Formation of Muscovy 1304–1613, New York, 1987
David Warnes, Chronicle of the Russian Tsars, London, 1999
Matthew Lang (Editor), The Chronicle - $10 Very Cheap, Sydney, 2009/10
WorldStatesmen- see each present country
"Simeon I." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 July 2009, EB.com.
Web site: Online Etymology Dictionary. etymonline.com.
Срђан Пириватрић. Самуилова држава. Београд, 1997.
Innocentii pp. III epistolae ad Bulgariae historiam spectantes. Recensuit et explicavit Iv. Dujcev. Sofia, 1942.
Найден Геров. 1895–1904. Речник на блъгарский язик. (the entry on цар in Naiden Gerov's Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language)
Wladimir Vodoff. Remarques sur la valeur du terme "czar" appliqué aux princes russes avant le milieu du 15e siècle, in "Oxford Slavonic Series", new series, vol. XI. Oxford University Press, 1978.
Web site: Tsar title. Encyclopedia Britannica. en. 2019-05-21.
A.V. Soloviev. "Reges" et "Regnum Russiae" au moyen âge, in "Byzantion", t. XXXVI. Bruxelles, 1966.
"Den Titel aines Khaisers, wiewol Er alle seine Brief nur Reissisch schreibt, darinn Er sich Czar nent, so schickht Er gemaincklich Lateinische Copeyen darmit oder darinn, und an stat des Czar setzen sy Imperator, den wir Teutsch Khaiser nennen".
Ostrowski, D. (2002) Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-Cultural Influences on the Steppe Frontier, 1304-1589, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 178
Lehtovirta, J. “The Use of Titles in Herberstein's "Commentarii". Was the Muscovite Tsar a King or an Emperor?” in Kӓmpfer, F. and Frӧtschner, R. (eds.) (2002) 450 Jahre Sigismund von Herbersteins Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii 1549-1999, Harrassowitz Verlag, pps. 196-198
"Kayser vnnd Herscher aller Rewssen und Groszfürste zu Wolodimer" in the German text of Maximilian's letter; "Imperator et Dominator universorum Rhutenorum et Magnus Princeps Valadomerorum" in the Latin copy. Vasily III responded by referring to Maximilian as "Maximiliano Dei gratia Electo Romanorum Caesare", i.e., "Roman Caesar". Maximilian's letter was of great importance to Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great, when they wished to back up their titles of "tsar" and "emperor", respectively. Both monarchs demonstrated the letter to foreign ambassadors; Peter even referred to it when he proclaimed himself Emperor.
This objection may be used against translating "Basileus" as "emperor", too. Based on these accounts, the Popes repeatedly suggested to confer on the Russian monarchs the title of rex ("king"), if they only ally themselves with Vatican. Such a proposal was made for the last time in 1550, i.e., three years after Ivan IV had crowned himself tsar. As early as 1489, Ivan III declined the papal offer, declaring that his regal authority does not require anyone's confirmation.
"Et ainsi retiennent le nom de Zar comme plus autentique, duquel nom il pleut iadis à Dieu d'honorer David, Salomon et autres regnans sur la maison de Iuda et Israel, disent-ils, et que ces mots Tsisar et Krol n'est que invention humaine, lequel nom quelqu'un s'est acquis par beaux faits d'armes".
The Present State of Russia, in a Letter to a Friend at London. Written by an Eminent Person residing at Great Tzars Court at Mosco for the space of nine years. 2nd ed. London, 1671. Pages 54–55.
Web site: Wladyslaw IV Vasa - biography - king of Poland. Encyclopædia Britannica.
[Boris Uspensky]
Web site: The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia entry on Tsar. 2006-07-27.
News: Close, But No Big Czar . James K. Glassman . December 18, 2000 . Reason magazine .
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Tsar".
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Related Bios Wayne Bunch Bill Muse Jr
Bill Muse
Title: Athletic Director / Head Coach Men's Basketball
Email: wmuse@connorsstate.edu
In 28 seasons as head coach of the Connors State College Cowboys, Bill Muse has set a high standard for success.
Muse has won 75 percent of his games (671 wins, 238 losses), eight Bi-State Conference titles, seven Oklahoma Collegiate Athletic Conference crowns and 10 Region II titles.
He has led CSC to the National Junior College Athletics Association Final Four in 1994, 1996, 2009, a fifth place finish in 1997, two Elite Eights in 2015, and 2018 and a sweet sixteen in 2017. The Cowboys made four straight NJCAA trips for the first time in Region II history.
His winning record makes him the winningest coach in CSC history. But rest assured he won’t settle on past successes. Muse cut his coaching teeth on the NCAA Division I level. In 11 seasons, he was an assistant coach at four major universities: South Alabama, Morehead State, Georgia State and Clemson.
A native of New Jersey, Muse attended the University of Mississippi, where he earned his undergraduate degree in 1979. He later obtained his Master’s Degree in Physical Education in 1981 as an assistant coach at South Alabama.
Following a 4-year stay there, he was Associate head Coach at Georgia State University for two seasons. He got his first chance as a head coach and general manager with the Georgia Peaches professional women’s team for a year. Muse points to that year as being very instrumental in his development as an administrator as well as a coach.
He returned to college coaching for three seasons at Morehead State before spending two years at Clemson University. When Connors State came calling, it didn’t take long for Muse to jump on the offer.
Muse has brought an exciting style to CSC with his fast-paced offense and a tough defense. His goal is to allow no more than 65 points a game with a suffocating defense.
Muse and his wife Connie are the parents of Bill, Jr., who played at Coastal Carolina University and the University of Southern Mississippi and is now his Assistant Coach at CSC.
Hometown Glen Rock, NJ
Birthdate Sept. 28, 1957
High School Glen Rock (1975)
College Univ. of Mississippi (1979)
South Alabama (1981)
Degrees BA Recreation, Mississippi
Masters, PE, South Alabama
Years in Coaching 39
Coaching 1979-83, South Alabama, Assistant
1983-85 Georgia State, Assoc. Head Coach
1987-1990, Morehead State, Assistant
1990-92, Clemson, Assistant
1992-Present, Connors State
Career Record (Connors) 671-238
9 Time Region II Coach of Year
President OCAC
Marital Status Married Wife
Married Connie (Cope, Wilburton)
Children Bill Muse, Jr.
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Egypt in the Golden Age of Travel
Grand Hotels
On the Nile
The hotels
Tag Archives: Rudyard Kipling
The Golden Books
When Shepheard’s went up in flames back in January 1952, one of the notable losses was the hotel’s set of Golden Books, the ledgers in which decades of distinguished guests had been invited to sign their names. It used to be common practice for hotels to keep VIP guestbooks and use the names they contained as marketing collateral, to be listed in ads and promotional booklets. But it’s not just Shepheard’s Golden Books that were lost, because I don’t know of any surviving examples from any of Egypt’s grand old hotels – except, that is, for one.
It comes from the Winter Palace and covers the years 1920-1935, an exciting time coinciding as it does with the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb and the ten years of excavations that followed. I learned of the guestbook through an essay written by André Wiese, curator of the Egyptian Department at the Museum of Ancient Art and Ludwig Collection in Basel. He discovered the existence of the guestbook back in 1991 when he was preparing an exhibition devoted to Seti I. It was in the possession of Carmen Heusser, the daughter of Swiss hotelier Anton Badrutt, who managed the Winter Palace between 1920 and 1935.
Wiese was allowed to study the book and subsequently wrote a 22-page study (in German) that was published in an academic journal in 1998. He kindly sent me a copy, which I’ve translated. I’m not going to run the whole text because it’s 5,000 words long, but I will summarise it.
‘Bound in parchment and leather, here we truly have a piece of history in front of us!’ Wiese begins. Inside, the fly-leaf is decorated with a hand-painted image of a cheery Tutankhamun (above) done by Austrian artist Anton ‘Tony’ Binder. Binder (1868-1944) was an Orientalist painter, who lived in Alexandria but travelled around Egypt gathering material for his oils of Egyptian landscapes and interiors. Some of his work was also printed on postcards. In addition to the Tutankhamun drawing, the book also contains sketches by him of hotel guests Howard Carter and Bernard Shaw.
A card painted by Tony Binder for Anton Badrutt when he departed the Winter Palace in 1936
According to his daughter, Badrutt liked collecting autographs, so this guestbook was something of a personal affair. As well as signatures it also contains notes of thanks addressed to Badrutt in person, and a number of photographs, including several of Carnarvon and Carter dated ‘Winter 1922-23, Luxor’. One is the famous image of Carnarvon and Lady Evelyn on arrival at Luxor station on 23 November 1922, being met by Carter and the Governor of Qena, just three days before they breached the tomb.
Also slipped into the guestbook is a menu for Christmas dinner on 25 December 1923 decorated with a guardian figure from the tomb of Tutankhamun, depicted befoe and after the dinner, in the latter case with a huge fat belly and smoking a pipe.
Most of the space though is taken up with signatures, and it’s some collection. Wiese lists them: there are the statesmen, including former French prime minister Georges Clemenceau, Czech president Tomas Masaryk and ex-Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria – who were all in residence at the hotel at the same time; and the crowned heads, such as crown prince Edward of England, visiting in April 1930, who, six years later would be become king of England only to step down within the year, as well as the Belgian king and queen, Albert and Elizabeth, and the crown prince of Sweden, the future King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden.
There’s an entry in the guestbook on 8 March 1929 by Rudyard Kipling and signatures from November of that year of the American silent film star Douglas Fairbanks and his wife, the equally famous Mary Pickford (there’s also a photograph of the pair with Anton Badrutt). German novelist Thomas Mann, who spent 10 days at the hotel, signed the book on 6 March 1930 (and left a lengthy inscription, which I was unable to translate), while George Bernard Shaw wrote on 26 December 1932, “I cannot make up my mind whether Luxor is the hottest place on earth or the coldest”.
Howard Carter by Tony Binder
Other random names and the dates they signed the book include John D Rockefeller Jr (15 Feb 1929), Evangeline Lindbergh, mother of Charles (24 Jan 1929), Somerset Maugham (14 Dec 1929), Nelli Melba (18 Feb 1930) and World Champion Heavy weight boxer Gene Tunney (23 Feb 1931), who added the message: ‘The charm of this lovely Winter Palace is only equalled by that of its guiding spirit Mr AR Badrutt’.
Wiese includes a lot of background on Badrutt, but I’ll save that for a future post.
George Bernard Shaw by Tony Binder
Recently, I thought I might travel to Basel to see this wonderful piece of history for myself, so I emailed André Wiese to ask if he could put me in touch with Ms Carmen Heusser. His reply was tragic:
Dear Andrew
Thanks for contacting me again. I have no good news. Unfortunately the lady suffers in the meantime heavily from dementia and the guestbook has disappeared recently when she moved to the home for old people. There exists only our digital copy in the museum.
And then there were none.
Filed under Grand hotels, Lost Egypt
Tagged as André Wiese, Anton Badrutt, Anton Binder, Douglas Fairbanks, Gene Tunney, George Bernard Shaw, Golden Books, Howard Carter, Nelli Melba, Rudyard Kipling, Somerset Maugham, Tony Binder, Winter Palace
Kipling’s Egypt
Eighty-four years ago today, The Egyptian Gazette of 14 February 1929 carried a notice of the arrival of well known author Rudyard Kipling (that’s him, above) and Mrs Kipling at Port Said. They’d landed the previous day and proceeded direct to Cairo. “Mr Kipling exhibited his well-known dislike of publicity,” reported the paper. “The British Vice Consul Mr Williamson-Napier went out in a special police launch to meet the distinguished visitors, but Mr Kipling seeing the interested crowd gathered for his arrival chose to go ashore in a smaller and less conspicuous launch, by which means he escaped popular attention.”
This wasn’t Kipling’s first visit to Egypt. He’d first passed through at the age of five, before the Suez Canal had been made. He also made a visit in 1913, when he’d stayed at the Semiramis (opened just six years previously) but since the weather was cold and wet, he didn’t stay long in Cairo, and instead made his way up the Nile to Luxor and Aswan on Thomas Cook’s SS Rameses III.
The 1913 trip inspired a series of letters, that were collected and published (Letters of Travel: 1892-1913), and include some typically pithy statements on matters relating to tourism in Egypt.
On sightseeing:
“For three weeks we sat on copiously chaired and carpeted decks, carefully isolated from everything that had anything to do with Egypt, under chaperonage of a properly orientalised dragoman. Twice or thrice daily, our steamer drew up at a mud-bank covered with donkeys. Saddles were hauled out of a hatch in our bows; the donkeys were dressed, dealt round like cards: we rode off through crops or desert, as the case might be, were introduced in ringing tones to a temple, and were then duly returned to our bridge and our Baedekers.”
On Americans in Egypt:
“Since the bulk of our passengers were citizens of the United States, Egypt in winter ought to be admitted into the Union as a temporary territory.”
On the Swiss in Egypt:
“The Swiss are the only people who have taken the trouble to master the art of hotel-keeping. Consequently, in the things that really matter – beds, baths, and victuals –they control Egypt.”
On Cairo:
“Modern Cairo is an unkempt place. The streets are dirty and ill-constructed, the pavements unswept and often broken, the tramways thrown, rather than laid down, the gutters neglected. One expects better than this in a city where the tourist spends so much every season. Granted that the tourist is a dog, he comes at least with a bone in his mouth, and a bone that many people pick. He should have a cleaner kennel”
By 1929, Kipling had obviously got over his dislike of Cairo because he and Mrs Kipling spent 13 days there, staying again at the Semiramis. Also at the hotel at that time, reported the Gazette, were the HH Aga Khan and large party, American mining magnate and millionaire Chester Beatty and future professor of Islamic art AC Cresswell. Quite a line up.
On 27 February, the couple boarded the SS Egypt (pictured above) for a 20-day voyage to Luxor and Aswan. Two years to the month later, in February 1931, they were back in Egypt once more: Kipling’s wife suffered from rheumatism and a doctor had recommended the Helwan as a health resort. They found it too cold and went once again up the Nile in search of warmth, spending 10 days in Aswan.
Thanks to books such as Kim and The Jungle Book, the name may always be associated with India, but Rudyard Kipling spent a significant amount of time in Egypt too.
Filed under Nile steamers, Travellers' tales
Tagged as Americans in Egypt, Rudyard Kipling, Semiramis, SS Egypt, SS Rameses III, Swiss in Egypt
The prolific Douglas Sladen and his overachieving friends
The scene in front of the terrace at the Continental Hotel complete with the boy with the crocodile on his head
What does a person have to do to make their mark on posterity? Douglas Sladen was an author and a journalist who was nothing if not prolific. Born in 1856, he turned out more than 60 books before his death in 1947. He was for a while the editor of Who’s Who, and also the literary editor of To-Day. He was at the centre of Edwardian London literary life and yet who now has ever heard of him?
I encountered him, figuratively speaking, in Egypt. He wrote a book called Oriental Cairo (1911) that contains some entertaining descriptions of what a tourist would have seen in that city back in the first decade of the 20th century. His second chapter is called ‘Street Life in Cairo as seen from the Continental Hotel’:
There is one great advantage in staying at the Continental Hotel for the two or three months of the Cairo season: you can see, without dressing to go out, the most roaring farce ever presented off the stage. The great hotel has a nice sunny terrace with a balustrade which looks out on the Street of the Camel—the Regent Street of Cairo—and the Eskebiya Gardens and a regular museum of touts. It is doubtful which could be satirised more successfully as a human Zoological Gardens, the people who sit on the terrace behind the railings, Americans chiefly, with a strong dash of Jews, Turks, and Infidels, which last name the Mohammedan applies to the Levantine—or the extraordinary collection of parasites in the street below.
Those of the parasites, who are not dragomans have something to sell, generally something that no sane person would want to buy. The street Arab who walks about with a stuffed crocodile on his head must by this time be convinced of its unsaleability. He exhorts you to buy it, but so soon afterwards, without a real bargainer’s delay, invites you to take his photograph with it for a shilling.
I have seen stuffed crocodiles offered often, and once at least a live boa-constrictor and a live leopard—not a very old one—in a cage. Pigs in cages are comparatively common, and, as weight presents no difficulty to the Egyptian educated as a porter, men carry round all sorts of furniture for sale. I have seen men with quite large tables and cabinets on their backs patiently waiting for purchasers. I once saw a man with a palm-tree fourteen feet high on his head. Strawberry sellers are insistent in February, in spite of the fact that every foreigner knows or believes that their Egyptian vendors moisten the strawberries in their mouths whenever they look dusty.
You can read the whole of Oriental Cairo online here.
I assumed Sladen must have spent a considerable time in Egypt because he wrote no less than three weighty travel books about the place (the other two being Egypt and the English, 1908, and Queer Things About Egypt, 1910), as well as two novels set in the country. In fact, he was there just six months.
Portrait of Douglas Sladen by René de l'Hôpital, which hangs in the Octagon Room at York House in Twickenham
I was curious to find out more about him. I discovered the existence of an archive of his personal papers and then was bowled over to learn that this was held in the local-history library in my own neighbourhood of Richmond, on the Thames in southwest London. It turns out that Sladen was my near neighbour – at a century’s remove – living on Richmond Green from 1911 to 1923. (He lived in the rather grand Avenue House, long since demolished.) I spent a few Saturday afternoons looking through the contents of several boxes from the archive relating to his time in Egypt. They didn’t yield much – most of what they contained were yellowing clippings of reviews of his books and typed exhortations to his publisher to do more to promote them. But there were also handwritten and signed letters from fellow authors to whom Sladen had sent copies of his books, and these include Arthur Conan Doyle, H Rider Haggard and Rudyard Kipling; the creators of Sherlock Holmes, Allan Quartermain and Mowgli – that is some impressive peer group. If only Sladen could have taken the Arab boy with the crocodile on his head and thought up some adventures for him, he could have been the most famous of the lot.
Filed under Travellers' tales
Tagged as Arthur Conan Doyle, Cairo, Continental Hotel, Continental-Savoy, Douglas Sladen, H Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling, Sherlock Holmes
Baedeker and other guides
Egyptologists and Egyptology
Hotels then and now
Lost Egypt
My journalism
Nile steamers
Shepheard's
Travellers' tales
Agatha Christie Alexandria American University in Cairo Anglo-American Nile Company Arthur Conan Doyle Baedeker guides Bristol Hotel Cairo Cataract Charles Baehler Continental-Savoy Douglas Sladen Egyptian Hotels Ltd Evelyn Waugh Gadi Farfour George Nungovich Gezira Palace Grand Continental Groppi’s Heliopolis Heliopolis Palace Hotel Hotel d'Angleterre Howard Carter Joe Scialom Lance Thackeray Lawrence of Arabia Lord Carnarvon Luxor Luxor Hotel Mena House Miss Riggs Pyramids Rudyard Kipling Samuel Shepheard Savoy Hotel Semiramis Shepheard's sphinx Thomas Cook Thomas Cook & Son Tony Binder William Doss Willy Friedrich Burger Windsor Hotel Winter Palace
Grand Hotels of Egypt and On the Nile are published by the American University in Cairo Press.
Grand Hotels of Egypt is also available as an iBook from iTunes.
AndrewH on Schindler of Cairo
Richard Milosh on Schindler of Cairo
Emil on Pagnon and the Grand Hotel, Aswan
Cindy Zeller on The other, other Savoy
AndrewH on The other Gezira Palace Hotel
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IFP Vietnam Alumni
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Home International Programs Fellowship Opportunity for Master’s Degree in Comparative and International Disability Policy
Fellowship Opportunity for Master’s Degree in Comparative and International Disability Policy
Monday, 27 February 2012 10:08 (Joseph) Ngô Tuấn Hiển
The Nippon Foundation will provide full fellowships including tuition, books, required assistive technology and other support services, to a small group of individuals with disabilities to pursue graduate studies (Master’s level) in Comparative and International Disability Policy (CIDP) at American University's School of International Service through the Institute on Disability and Public Policy (IDPP) for the ASEAN region. The CIDP Master's program will be offered entirely online with the exception of a two-week residency before the start of each Fall semester. The inaugural 2011 residency was held at Mahidol University and the Asia-Pacific Development Center on Disability from 18-29 July in Bangkok, Thailand.
Please note that from the pool of qualified applicants for The Nippon Foundation fellowship, preference will be given to applicants who are residents of an ASEAN country and have a documented disability.
The aim of the IDPP is to serve as a regional resource to both public and private sectors. The institute will develop a cadre of leaders who will work to foster public policies consistent with the overall vision of the ASEAN Socio-cultural Community: an inclusive, barrier-free and rights-based region where people who are disabled are leaders in the determination of their own destinies.
The IDPP Fellowship Committee will recruit a small number of candidates who are 1) blind or visually impaired, 2) deaf or hard of hearing, and/or 3) mobility impaired, to serve as a human resource cadre to the IDPP and conduct research on disability and public policy in the ASEAN region. Preference for the fellowship will be given to applicants meeting the five criteria below:
A talented and motivated individual from one of the ten ASEAN countries (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) with demonstrated leadership experience and commitment to working with organizations of/for disabled persons or other marginalized individuals in their own country.
A commitment to achieving positive change for disabled persons through the development of proactive public policies within the ASEAN region.
Information and communication technology skills to communicate through distance education and schooling.
A commitment to cooperate with the IDPP to grow an alumni network after completing the CIDP Master’s degree.
A person with the academic requirements and experiential background to meet the entrance requirements of the CIDP Master’s degree program. More information about the requirements for this program can be found on the Admissions page.
For further information and inquiries about the fellowship program and application process, please contact IDPP.
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NR Description – Colonial Revival
One of the two most widely represented architectural styles in the West End is the Colonial Revival, popular throughout the first quarter of the twentieth century when the West End experienced its greatest period of building activity. Interpreting the architectural forms and details of the American colonial period, this traditional style was used for seemingly countless buildings in the West End and ranged from the richly ornamental to the chastely simple.
At the top end of the spectrum are the 1902 John E. Coleman House (110) and the 1920 Charles M. Thomas House (305). Both are large two-story brick dwellings. The Coleman House is one of the most sophisticated houses of its period in Winston-Salem. The symmetrically designed house has pedimented cross gables and dormers, a garland frieze, dark brick lintels and corner quoins which contrast with the light brick body of the house, a Palladian window, and a wrap-around Ionic porch with a balustraded upper deck. The interior contains an incredibly rich collection of details such as a paneled closed string stair, a paneled wainscot and paneled ceiling in the hall, sliding pocket doors, multiple Colonial Revival mantels, and both leaded and beveled glass and jeweled glass. The Thomas House exhibits the typical Colonial Revival symmetry in its five-bay facade and is distinguished by Flemish bond brickwork, a chaste Federal Revival entrance, a balustraded terrace, a Palladian window, and on the interior, a Doric colonade, molded cornices, and delicate Federal Revival mantels, among other details.
The William B. Taylor House (160), designed by the architectural firm of Blauvelt and Gates, is a more simple yet boldly monumental example of the style. The severely formal two-story brick house features symmetry of design, granite trim, a slightly projecting pedimented center bay, and a Palladian window. One of the most handsome of the many examples of the style is the Robert S. Galloway House (380), designed in 1918 by prominent local architect Willard C. Northup. With is white stuccoed walls and green tile roof, the two-story house suggests the influence of Charles Barton Keen’s design for Reynolda House. The Galloway House is detailed with blind arches over the first story windows, a modilliioned cornice, and matching front, side, and rear porches with Tuscan columns, a full entablature with triglyph and metope frieze, and a balustraded upper deck. The interior is designed with a variety of Federal Revival details.
Next door, the two-story brick Bess Gray Plumly House (381) is another good example of the Colonial Revival, with a symmetrical five-bay facade, pedimented dormers, a modillioned cornice, and a Doric entrance porch. On a slightly smaller scale, the ca. 1915 G.W. Orr House (124) is one of the most correctly detailed Colonial Revival houses in the neighborhood. The two-story wood shingle house has among its features a symmetrical five-bay facade with pedimented dormers, a dentiled and modillioned cornice, a Palladian window, and a Doric entrance porch with a pedimented entablature and a barrel-vaulted, coffered ceiling.
The Colonial Revival was treated in a variety of ways in the West End, and one of the most popular was the form that utilized as its primary feature the gambrel roof. Examples such as the ca. 1917 Stockton-Tatum House (373) designed by C. Gilbert Humphreys, the ca. 1915 Fletcher-Blackwell House (126), and the ca. 1922 Jones-Heath House (457) used the side gambrel roof, while other houses such as the 1905 Joseph E. Alexander House (359) and the 1911 Roberts-Leman House (530) used the cross gambrel roof. Stucco and wood shingles, often in combination, as well as weatherboard siding were popular building materials for these houses.
While there were many elaborate examples of the Colonial Revival style in the West End, there were even more examples that were correct but simple. The 1912 Gregg House (388), with its hipped roof, hipped dormers, and wrap-around porch with Tuscan posts and slightly projecting central entrance bay is one good example. Another is the Matton-Carmichael House (211), designed in 1922 by architect Harold Macklin. This two-story wood shingled house has a three-bay facade, a gable roof with a gable end chimney, and a one-story front porch with plain Tuscan posts.
Other building types were designed in the Colonial Revival style, Prime examples are the 1927 Friends Meeting House (83) and the 1924 First Church of Christ, Scientist (293). Designed by the firm of Northup and O’Brien, the Friends church exhibits a Federal Revival Classicism with its pedimented two-story Doric portico which enframes three double-leaf entrances with fanlight transoms. Round arched windows line the sides of the church. The Christian Science church is a much smaller building which also expresses a chaste Federal Revival Classicism. It has a pedimented facade and a pedimented entrance porch, and is encircled by fifteen-over fifteen sash 1qindows with round-arched, keystoned lintels.
Apartment buildings erected in the 1920’s also chose a simple version of the style for their design, as exemplified by the Summit Apartments (120). This handsome three-story brick building has a Classical entrance, a balcony with a round-arched sash window, other windows with keystoned lintels, and a parapeted cornice.
National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination (1987)
Winston Salem, NC 27120-1054
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Home Research > Members > 1660-1690 > CARTERET, Sir George (c.1610-80)
CARTERET, Sir George, 1st Bt. (c.1610-80), of Whitehall and Hawnes, Beds.
Published in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690, ed. B.D. Henning, 1983
b. ?6 May 1610, 1st s. of Élie de Carteret of Metesches, Jersey by Elizabeth, da. of Hugh Dumaresq of Sark. m. 6 May 1640, his cos. Elizabeth (d.1697), da. of Sir Philippe de Carteret of St. Ouen, Jersey, 3s. (2 d.v.p.) 5da. suc. fa. 1634; kntd. 21 Jan. 1645; cr. Bt. 9 May 1645.
Lt. RN 1629, capt. 1633-9; lt.-gov. Jersey 1643-51, v.-adm. 1644-7.
Comptroller of the navy 1641-2, treas. July 1660-7; v.-chamberlain June 1660-d.; PC 11 July 1660-21 Apr. 1679; commr. for trade Nov. 1660-7, plantations Dec 1660-70, trade and plantations 1671-4; jt. farmer, French shipping duty 1661-7; elder bro. Trinity House 1661-d., master 1664-5; agent R. Adventurers into Africa 1661-3, asst. 1664-71; commr. for Tangier 1662-d.; ld. prop. Carolina 1663-d.; asst. R. Fishing Co. 1664; commr. for prize appeals 1665-7; v.-treas. [I] 1667-70; ld. of Admiralty 1673-9.1
J.p. Essex, Hants, Kent and Mdx. 1639-44, Aug. 1660-d.; bailiff, Jersey 1643-51, May 1660-1; commr. for assessment, Westminster 1661-3, 1677-9, Berks. 1665-d., Devon and Hants 1665-79, Mdx. 1673-9, Beds. 1673-d., loyal and indigent officers, London and Westminster 1662, oyer and terminer, Mdx. 1662; freeman, Portsmouth 1662; ranger, Cranborne chase 1664-d.2
Carteret’s ancestors had held property in Jersey since the 12th century. But his father was a younger son, and he was himself bred to the sea without ever acquiring more than the rudiments of a gentleman’s education. He distinguished himself in the expedition that smoked out the Sallee corsairs in 1637, and was promised the post of comptroller of the navy in reversion in 1639. He married the daughter of the head of his family, whom he succeeded as bailiff of Jersey in 1643. After suppressing the parliamentarian militia, he turned the island into a base for privateers, from which a steady supply of munitions flowed to the royalist forces in the west of England. Sir Edward Hyde, accompanying the future Charles II on his visit to the island in 1646, described Carteret as:
a worthy and most excellent person, of extraordinary merit towards the crown and nation of England; the most generous man in kindness, and the most dexterous man in business ever known; and a most prudent and skilful lieutenant-governor, who reduced Jersey not with greater skill and discretion than he kept it. And besides his other parts of honesty and discretion, undoubtedly a good, if not the best seaman in England.
In 1649 Charles wrote to Carteret, promising never to forget his good services, and he appears to have kept his word. He ‘had the honour to hold the last sword for the King’; it was not until December 1651 that the Commonwealth forces were able to subdue Jersey, and then only by granting Carteret generous terms. He was not required to compound for his privateering gains, and took service in the French navy until Mazarin’s alliance with Cromwell, when he was briefly sent to the Bastille. After the death of the great Protector he resumed contact with the exiled Court, signing his letters, mischievously, with the name of the author of Eikonoklastes.3
Carteret had not been impoverished by his loyalty. At his own computation he was worth £50,000 at the Restoration, including his claims for reimbursement, for which provision was at once made by means of crown leases in Devon and elsewhere. Together with Daniel O’Neill he farmed the duty on French shipping at an annual rent of £1,000. He was made vice-chamberlain, treasurer of the navy, and a Privy Councillor. In his administrative capacities his loyalty, industry and integrity were beyond cavil, even his adversary William Coventry acknowledging that ‘he is a man that doth take the most pains, and gives himself the most to do business of any man about the Court, without any desire of pleasure or divertisements’. Essentially a family man, he was disgusted by ‘the baseness and looseness of the Court’ to the point of reminding his former guest of ‘the necessity of having at least a show of religion in the government, and sobriety’. Hyde, now Lord Chancellor Clarendon, declared that Carteret was ‘a punctual officer and a good accountant’; but Samuel Pepys found his ignorance in financial matters perverse and ridiculous, complaining that he argued ‘like a mad coxcomb, without reason or method’. ‘The most passionate man in the world, ... it was always his humour to have things done his way’, and his accounts were so idiosyncratic that no serious audit was possible. On such occasions he took care to provide the navy board with an excellent dinner to lubricate proceedings.4
At the general election of 1661 Carteret was returned for Portsmouth on the Admiralty interest. An inactive Member of the Cavalier Parliament, he was named to 41 committees, almost all of them during the administration of Clarendon, whose great confidant he was. But conscious no doubt of the ‘ill English’ at which Andrew Marvell scoffed, he seldom spoke except in self-defence. As a senior Household official, he helped to conduct (Sir) Edward Turnor to the Speaker’s chair, and attended a conference to hear a loyal message from the Scottish Parliament. His committees in the first session included those for restoring the bishops to the House of Lords, making reparations to the Marquess of Winchester, inquiring into the shortfall in the revenue, and considering the corporations and uniformity bills. He was naturally named to the committees to consider the naval regulations bill and the proviso on behalf of the lord high admiral. On 21 Nov. he was among those sent to ask the King when he would receive an address about disarming the disbanded soldiers, and a week later he was desired to attend the commissioners appointed to state the debts of the army and navy. He helped to present the vote of thanks for the King’s speech of 1 Mar. 1662, and was added to the committee for the relief of loyalists. He was much vexed at the appointment of Coventry to the navy board in May, and it was not long before they were in dispute over the victualling accounts, on which Carteret was charging 3d. in the £.5
In the 1663 session Carteret was named to the committees to hear a petition from the loyal and indigent officers and to enlarge the power of martial law in the fleet. He found Parliament ‘in a very angry, pettish mood at present, and not likely to be better’. He was one of the four Privy Councillors sent on 12 May to the King with four resolutions of the House regarding postal contracts, trade with Scotland and Ireland, the export of geldings, and the appointment of consuls. His most important committee in this session was on the bill for preventing abuses in the sale of offices; Coventry believed him to be responsible for the outcry over this matter, though Carteret had claimed the credit for dissuading William Prynne from raising it in the previous session. He was among those appointed to consider the bill for improving the revenue, and was the first Member named to the committee to hear a petition from naval creditors. By the end of the year he was able to boast that the navy was quite out of debt, a laudable achievement attained by the use of his personal credit. His aim, he confided to Pepys, was that ‘the King should not be able to whip a cat but I must be at the tail of it’. Listed as a court dependent in 1664, he was appointed to consider the bills to prevent the surrender of English merchantmen to pirates, to increase the authority of the navy board, and to preserve the timber in the Forest of Dean. On 25 Nov. he was among those instructed to present thanks to the King and the City for defending the nation against the Dutch. He had predicted that commercial rivalry would lead to another war, and was described by Coventry as the principal intermediary (together with Thomas Grey) between the Royal Adventurers into Africa and the Court, ‘Carteret (though underhand) governing the merchants by their dependence on him for trade and payment in the navy’. He had long been interested in the profits to be realized from colonial projects, and on the conquest of the New Netherlands the Duke of York assigned to him and Lord Berkeley all the land between the Hudson and the Delaware, to be named New Jersey in honour of his native island. On 20 Feb. 1665 he was the first Member named to the committee on the bill for raising the level of interest on government loans.6
Carteret, who was morbidly nervous of infection, does not appear to have attended the Oxford session during the plague. This was a mistake, for in his absence the supply bill was passed with provisions that curtailed his profits considerably. Pepys feared that when Parliament met again they would ‘fall hard upon him’ for the ill-success of the naval war. At Court he was neglected, with enemies working to undermine his position. While at the Treasury Sir Philip Warwick ‘endeavours hard to come to a good understanding of Sir George Carteret’s accounts’; but Pepys feared that ‘our method of accounting, though it cannot I believe be far wide from the mark, yet [it] will not abide a strict examination if the Parliament should prove troublesome’. Carteret offered to produce his account as soon as the House met in September 1666, and was named to the committee to bring in a bill for preventing the embezzlement of gunpowder and ammunition. Nevertheless, according to Coventry ‘the House hath a great envy at Sir George Carteret’, and by the following summer he had come to recognize that he must quit the navy ‘on any good terms’. He was fortunate to be able to exchange offices with Lord Anglesey (Arthur Annesley), whose post as vice-treasurer of Ireland was considered to be worth £5,000 p.a., to which the King added a pension of £500 on the Barbados sugar duty. He told Pepys at this time that he was worth £65,000 in all, though ‘he was not, all expenses and things paid, clear in estate £15,000 better than he was when the King came in’. This presumably excluded the £15,487 that he had claimed from the crown for disbursements in Jersey during the Civil War, and perhaps also the Hawnes estate, which he had just purchased as a residence for his eldest son.7
Fortunately for Carteret, in the session following the fall of Clarendon the Opposition concentrated on those immediately responsible for the failures to follow up the victory off Lowestoft and to defend the Medway. In the miscarriages debate of 22 Feb. 1668 he told the House ‘that it was ever against his judgement and advice to pay seamen by tickets’, which was no more than the truth. On 5 Mar. he was ordered to give an account of what moneys were assigned for the navy, and how they were afterwards employed and issued by him. On 24 Apr. (Sir) Robert Brooke tabled the exceptions taken by the public accounts commission to Carteret’s accounts; but nothing further was done that session. His ordeal began on 8 Nov. 1669 when Sir Robert Carr accused him of reflecting on the commissioners of accounts, ‘as if they had given a false account of things’, and Carteret asked leave to read his reply to their observations ‘by reason he is an ill expresser of himself’. On 17 Nov. he told the House:
He has attended the commissioners to give them all satisfaction, which it seems he has not, and they have made observations on his proceedings. He protests he has not paid one penny without sufficient vouchers for the use of the war. It seems they say he has done nothing well, after all his pains and hazard of his person and fortune in the plague. He came then, and with his credit kept the fleet abroad and borrowed upon his own credit without security £280,000 and has done all that he possibly could; but he will not talk of what he has done further, though he knows many can justify it. They cannot say he ever took bribes, but has kept his Majesty’s fleet abroad, when it must else have come home.
The Commons found him guilty of misdemeanours on nine of the ten observations submitted by the commissioners, of which the most important was his high-handed disregard of the appropriations stipulated in the Additional Aid of 1665; while a Lords committee acquitted him on the only charges they had time to discuss. As Edmund Waller I pointed out, if he had been guilty he would have fled, like Clarendon, two years before, and it was only by three votes that the House resolved to suspend him. During the recess he resigned his Irish post and retired into comparative obscurity. The King told the Brooke House commissioners that he was satisfied with Carteret’s handling of naval expenditure, repeating this in his speech from the throne on 14 Feb. 1670, and, much to the irritation of the Buckingham faction, the inquiry lapsed. Carteret’s name appeared on both lists of the court party in this period, but there is no evidence that he attended again until the third Dutch war. His position at Court was unaffected. He received a grant of land in the Bahamas, and in September was sent to France to receive the first instalment of the subsidy payable under the treaty of Dover.8
Carteret was added to the committee of elections and privileges on 22 Feb. 1673, but he left no further trace in the Journals. However he was appointed to the board of admiralty when the Duke of York was forced out of office by the Test Act, and named on the Paston list. He attended at least two naval debates, telling the House of his own experiences before the Civil War in compelling the Dutch to salute the flag, and supporting Pepys on the classification of warships. He was listed as a court dependent in 1675 and classed as ‘vile’ by Shaftesbury. In A Seasonable Argument he was described as:
once treasurer of Ireland and the navy, in which two places he cheated the crown of £40,000, as upon account was made apparent. He has wisely conveyed great part of his estate beyond seas.
His name was on both lists of the court party in 1678, and as one of the ‘unanimous club’ it is unlikely that he stood in the following year. He died on 14 Jan. 1680, and was buried at Hawnes. His eldest son had been killed at Sole Bay, but in 1681 his grandson was given the peerage that had been intended for him. His great-grandson was the distinguished Georgian statesman, while a younger grandson, Edward, was returned for Huntingdon in 1698, Bedford in 1702, and Bere Alston in 1717.9
Author: Paula Watson
This biography is based on G. R. Balleine, All for the King.
1. Cal. Treas. Bks. i. 258; Sel. Charters (Selden Soc. xxviii), 175, 182; Pepys Diary, 27 Oct. 1662; Williamson Letters (Cam. Soc. n.s. viii), 149; Cal. Col. SP, 1661-8, p. 126; CSP Dom. 1666-7, p. 355; 1667, p. 347.
2. R. East, Portsmouth Recs. 357; CSP Dom. 1664-5, p. 50.
3. Fanshawe Mems. 42; S. E. Hoskins, Chas. II in the Channel Is. i. 79; Cal. Comm. Comp. 2329; Grey, i. 214; Cal. Cl. SP, iv. 84, 110.
4. Cal. Treas. Bks. i. 532; Pepys Diary, 30 Oct. 1662, 6 Apr., 11; May, 22, 24 June 1663, 29 Mar. 1664, 1 Apr., 24, 31 July 1665, 6 Feb., 27 July 1667; Clarendon, Life, iii. 130.
5. Pepys Diary, 8 May, 12 June 1662, 23 July 1664; Marvell ed. Margoliouth, i. 146; CJ, viii. 245.
6. Pepys Diary, 13 June 1662, 14 Apr., 2 June, 19 Nov., 3 Dec. 1663, 14 Aug. 1665; Camb. Hist. Jnl. xii. 113.
7. Pepys Diary, 6, 7 Nov., 8 Dec. 1665, 9 Jan., 2 Mar., 21, 23 Sept. 1666, 12 Apr., 17 May, 18, 28 June 1667; Cal. Treas. Bks. i. 532; v. 60; vi. 172.
8. Milward, 196; Pepys Diary, i Apr. 1665; Grey, i. 158, 164, 166, 170-1, 178-9, 214; CJ, ix. 105, 116, 120; HMC 8th Rep. 128-33; D. T. Witcombe, Cav. House of Commons, 92-94; Bulstrode Pprs. 130; Browning, Danby, i. 75; PRO31/3, bdle. 125, f. 253; CSP Col. 1669-74, pp. 122-3; Marvell, ii. 311.
9. Grey, ii. 340; iii. 379.
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HomeHow long will Ethiopia’s state of emergency suppress dissent?
How long will Ethiopia’s state of emergency suppress dissent?
Ethiopia, Ethiopia protests, Ethiopia state of emergency,
Ethiopia violenceAaron Brooks
On February 2, Ethiopia’s communications minister told the Financial Times that the country’s state of emergency had succeeded in suppressing nationwide anti-government protests.
(East Africa Monitor) – Negeri Lencho says authorities have detained more than 20,000 people for “training” since a wave of protests first started in 2015. This wave now appears to have crashed and Lencho’s claims about the success of his government’s state of emergency don’t come across as exaggeration.
However, the state of emergency hasn’t done anything to resolve the concerns of the country’s largest ethnic group and a growing number of people who are concerned about land, rights and the suppressive political environment in Ethiopia.
A shift in protests
The root of this long-standing issue goes back to anger among Oromo people over government plans to encroach on their land, in a bid to expand the capital. However, Addis Ababa opted to scrap the plans after a series of protests and it seemed demonstrators had gotten their way in Ethiopia’s supposedly-oppressive regime.
Ethiopia’s economic gains tainted by violent repression Emergency fails
Despite this, the protests continued – not because of concerns over territory this time, but in response to the government’s handling of demonstrations. Police brutality, arbitrary arrests and dead protestors exposed the government’s view of people speaking out against the state.
It’s a view that Negeri Lencho echoes in his conversation with FT, where he insists the capital will not “give opportunity to any party to block the fast-growing economy and the attempt or efforts of the Ethiopian government to change the lives of the people”.
More than 500 people were killed and tens of thousands detained during government crackdowns across the country. Many of those detained by police and security forces remain imprisoned and the people’s dissent is now one about human rights and the nation’s supposed democracy.
Deprived Of a Day In Court, Detained Ethiopian Journalists
It’s the kind of dissent you can’t calm with crackdowns and states of emergency; the kind of dissent that isn’t going to simply disappear with time.
Protests expected to resume
Speaking to the Guardian, one Oromo man said he fully expects protests to resume once the state of emergency is over.
“The protests will come again because the government is not responding to the demands of the people in the right way,” he told the British publication and he’s not the only one who believes this.
“The solution is the government has to come with true democracy. The people are waiting until the state of emergency is over and then people are ready to begin to protest,” one Oromo farmer also told the Guardian.
However, the government is giving no hints on how long the state of emergency, which was imposed for six months, will actually last. So, for now, things are at an impasse, but at least it’s a relatively peaceful one. The harsh truth for Ethiopia’s unhappy citizens is their protests probably won’t bring this deadlock to an end but simply return to a more violent version of it.
Oromia violence involving Ethiopia’s Somali region police likely
Ethiopia’s one party state
Ethiopia is one of the world’s most consistent developers right now, constantly in a state strengthening its economy and religiously keeping the same party in power. This is a single party state in every sense of the phrase and there’s little sign of that changing any time soon.
Astonishing Accusation by TPLF against Mb of the European Parliament
The problem is Ethiopia doesn’t look like a particularly happy single party state right now. Despite its economic success, the people complain of ethnic inequality, economic exploitation and repression. The past 18 months have only fuelled this anger and now the government faces a voice of dissent it can’t ignore.
So, in true fashion, it has responded in the only way it knows how – with absolute repression, which adds yet more fuel to the fire.
Ethiopia’s government feels it can’t give any concession to public dissent. If it does, there seems to be this notion that Ethiopians will view the government as weak and try to exploit it further. Meanwhile, the opposition’s only real strength is the increasing volume of its voice – and this isn’t enough to inspire political change.
In terms of brute strength, the government is going to win every time. Which suggests a return to protests after the state of emergency comes to an end will only repeat the kind of crackdowns we’ve seen over the last year and a half. The challenge for Ethiopia’s protestors isn’t so much waiting for the country’s state of emergency to come to an end, but rather what they can do to make any kind of progress once it does.
Inside Nicaragua’s bloody conflict over indigenous land
Somalia declares ‘national disaster’ over drought,
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You are here: Home / Programmes / Masters of Science in Shipping, Trade and Finance (N/840/7/0049) (02/2023)...
(N/840/7/0049) (02/2023) (MQA/PA9144)
Qualification Type: Master Degree
Duration: 1 ½ years full time / 2 ½ years part time
Total Semesters: 4 for full time / 10 for part time
Study Location: Main Campus at Mid Valley with visits to floating campus
Faculty: School of Business and Applied Sciences
For Malaysian & International Student
A Bachelor’s degree with minimum CGPA of 2.50 out of 4.00 or its equivalent qualifications as accepted by the Senate OR
A Bachelor’s degree with CGPA below 2.50 out of 4.00 or its equivalent qualifications can be accepted, subject to a minimum of 5 years of working experience in relevant field OR
Any other qualification that are equivalent and approved by The MERITUS University’s Senate.
International Students English Proficiency
International English Language Test (IELTS)
– Overall band 6.5 OR
– Paper based test score of 570 and above OR
– Computer based test score of 230 and above OR
– Internet based test score of 88 and above.
Conditional offers are considered on a case by case
basis by the Admissions Committee.
Intakes: January, April, August
Possible Academic Progression:
Doctorate in Business Administration with local universities
Doctorate in Philosophy with local universities
The Malaysian Department of Statistics reported that the total trade (both import and export) in Malaysia has shown continual increase from RM987,187 million since 2009 to as much as RM1,484,597 million as of 2016 showing an average of 6.1% growth over the years. The STRAITREP shows a 17.35% increase on the numbers of ships in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore from 2009 (71,359 vessels) to 2016 (83,740 vessels), an average of 2.32% yearly growth. The Straits of Malacca carries 80% of trades between east and west making it one of the world’s busiest ship routes in the world. All these statistics reflect an increasing level of importance in shipping and trade in this region. However, challenges such as the “abolishment of the Cabotage Policy”, “Belt and Road Initiatives” and “Ports competitions from neighboring countries” are among the factors that has a strong implication to the shipping and trade industries. Thus, this programme brings valuable input from both academicians and industry practitioners to provide a holistic understanding of both theories and practice to enable the professional development of the students to meet the challenges strategically, tactically and operationally.
The MERITUS University Master of Science in Shipping, Trade and Finance is an industry relevant program that enables students to develop key skills and knowledge relevant to today’s shipping, trade and finance environment and demands.
Subject Offered
Advanced Financial Management in Shipping
Case Studies on Current Issues in Shipping
Corporate Finance for Managers
International Commodity Trade
International Trade and Business Practices
Leadership and Entrepreneurship
Maritime Insurance and Risk Management
Maritime Law and International Conventions
Maritime Logistics and Supply Chain Management
Maritime Safety and Environment Impact
Ports and Terminal Management
Shipping Economics
Shipping Investment and Finance
Shipping Operations, Chartering, Sales and Purchase
Study Pathway
Applying to MERITUS University
Follow our Online Application Guide
Foundation in Business Management (N/010/3/0414) (07/2021) (MQA/FA8159)
Foundation in Business Management (N/010/3/0414) (07/2021) (MQA/FA8159) 2
Foundation in Business Management 2
Bachelor of Science (Hons) Maritime Business (N/345/6/0891) (01/2021) (MQA/FA8039)
Bachelor of Science (Hons) Maritime Business (N/345/6/0891) (01/2021) (MQA/FA8039) 2
Bachelor of Science (Hons) Finance (Investment Strategy) (N/343/6/0247) (08/2022) (MQA/PA9032)
Bachelor of Science (Hons) Finance (Investment Strategy) (N/343/6/0247) (08/2022) (MQA/PA9032) 2
Bachelor of Science (Honours) Business Management (N/345/6/1077) (01/2023) (MQA/PA9068)
Bachelor of Science (Honours) Business Management (N/345/6/1077) (01/2023) (MQA/PA9068) 2
Master of Science in Wealth Management (N/343/7/0241) (02/2023) (MQA/PA9359)
Masters of Science in Shipping, Trade and Finance (N/840/7/0049) (02/2023) (MQA/PA9144)
Master of Business Administration (N/340/7/0634) (01/2021) (MQA/PA8038)
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Russia says that an Iranian pullout from Syria is very unrealistic
JD: Russia is releasing information that it’s almost unrealistic to think that Iran will withdraw from Syria. Prime Minister Netanyahu wanting that to be a part of that plan for the Middle East. I don’t know if that’s going to work out is it?
DD: I don’t think it is but I do think that will be a major topic. No Iranian troops down in the South, no Iranian forces along the borders, well that’s their imitate concern in Jerusalem but of course the longer concern is having Iranian forces there at all. The war has gone on over seven years as is there’s over twelve million refugees, over half a million people killed. This is a horrible war that’s been brutal there’s no other way to put it. People are being slaughtered as we’re speaking this moment Jimmy and it’s just a terrible situation.
But this is the strategic moment that the Russians are going to have to decide what they’re going to do here because if they won’t push the Iranians out of Syria and by that I mean force the Assad regime to do it he would not be in power today. He would have been overthrown by now had the Russians not intervene in a massive military way that we see going on to this moment but Putin says will go. And the Israelis will not give up on that demand that the Iranians leave the country and if they don’t Jimmy we’ll have a full war as we’ve been talking about the Israelis are fully prepared for that. Forces on the North are on complete war alert Jimmy and as I’ve said they’re keeping their jets according to the media all the time now day and night actively in the air along with US planes as well. So in a moments notice they could intervene in this thing if there were bombing in Israel or something else like that happens. So a very tense situation.
JD: David Dolan with a reality check about any Iranian pull out from Syria.
David Dolan has covered the Middle East for over 30 years and has great insight into the issues in that Middle Eastern region. It’s very interesting to me that Dave’s report seems to fit the prophetic scenario that is found in Bible prophecy especially the words of the ancient Jewish prophets Daniel and Ezekiel. Ezekiel 38 & 39 speaks of an alignment of nations in the last days that want Israel removed from the Middle East. Daniel in Daniel 11:40 speaks of Syria referred to as the King of the North as Syria being the first Middle Eastern nation to move against Israel. Ezekiel 38:5 mentions Iran as another key player in this period of time. The Iranian refusal to withdraw from Syria is setting the stage for Bible prophecy to be fulfilled.
Posted by Shofar Communications at Wednesday, July 11, 2018
▼ Jul 11 ( 1 )
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Unsustainable Consumerism Part 2- Production
Local Governments Essential In Water Problem
Was Jenna Talackova a Victim of Discrimination?
By Kristen in Awareness Building, General Information, Institute for Social Change, Women
If you’ve watched the news, listened to the radio, or opened up any homepage on the internet lately, you have probably heard or read about Canadian contestant, Jenna Talackova, being disqualified from the Miss Universe pageant. Jenna is a 23 year old transgender who has stated that she knew she was a female by the age of 4, began hormone therapy years after, and had sexual reassignment surgery at 19. Jenna is a woman. Regardless of whom she is and how hard she must have fought to get there, though, Jenna has been thrown out of the competition of her dreams.
The Miss Universe website is unclear about the fine print rules regarding the pageant. It’s easy to see that you have to be between the ages of 18 and 27; currently or formerly being married, divorced, or pregnant results in direct disqualification. However, as far as I can see, there is no rule against technically being born a male. Even so, this isn’t a solid argument against pointing discrimination against judges and competition council. Once pageant candidates qualify past the initial requirements, they are required to fill out an additional form that delves further into their personal history.
In the case of Jenna Talackova, judges claim that the forms were filled out inaccurately. Apparently, Jenna was disqualified due to the fact that she stated on her form that she was born a woman. Rules are rules, claim Miss Universe officials, and so there goes Jenna’s spot. Just like contestants cannot have been formerly married, they also must have been female from birth.
Not surprisingly, social media outlets saw a huge influx of protests from followers. Countless people argued against the disqualification, and a petition with tens of thousands of signatures formed in support of Jenna. Those whom understand the internal difficulties and pressures of being born into the wrong body, and those who simply support equality, have not gotten over the injustice that Jenna has received from Miss Universe.
To lay out my stance on this issue, let me first state that this pageant contestant is a woman. There is no arguing this point. Even for those who do not support the LGBT community, just take a look at Jenna- she’s gorgeous. But her beauty is the nontechnical side to my argument. A similar situation arose decades ago, in 1976, when Renèe Richards was banned from playing in the US Open tennis tournament when critics discovered that she had undergone sexual reassignment surgery in prior years. A “women-born-women” policy was pushed against her, despite her then female gender. However, after taking her case to the New York Supreme Court, Renèe was actually supported and allowed to compete. This issue came to a close in 1977. Now, years later, I would think that these situations would no longer be issues.
Additionally, the main argument from Miss Universe is that they did not, in fact, disqualify Jenna because of her previous gender transformation. Instead, she was banned from the pageant due to the fact that she falsified information on her application form. Now, I seriously find it hard to believe that if Jenna had laid out her full gender history on the Miss Universe pageant form, she would still be in the running today. No, the council did not eject her from the competition because of her false answer on the form. And even if that was the honest truth, who’s to say that Jenna does not tell everyone that she was born female, simply due to the fact that she was? Yes, she might have been born into a male’s body, but does that mean that she was truly male? Let’s have an open mind here. What’s more, Jenna has openly competed in transgender beauty pageants in the past, as well as publicly spoken about her gender transformation process via YouTube and other social networking sites. Needless to say, if Miss Universe is going to kick out a contestant, at least state the honest reason as to why.
I have no idea how formerly being a male would give Jenna any sort of one-up in the Miss Universe competition. I cannot think of one single reason as to why this would affect the competition. The only argument that I can come up with is the “rules are rules” stance. Contestants cannot be married; contestants must be born female. With that, I want to leave the final decision to you. Do you think that Jenna’s disqualification was a blatant form of discrimination, or do you think that Miss Universe was just protecting themselves by committing to the following of every rule?
Discrimination, Global Issues, Human Rights, LGBT, LGBT Issues, social problems, Transgender Issues
Kristen Youngs is a graduate of the University of North Texas. She majored in Applied Arts and Sciences with concentrations in nonprofit management and anthropology. She is passionate about international nonprofit work, which helped influenced her degree choice. Kristen is an avid traveler and loves outdoor sports. Her research focus areas while at the SISGI Group were international LGBT issues, education development in impoverished and rural areas, and global women’s rights.
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OperaPost
Reviewing the present, rehearsing the past
Charles Affron, Mirella Jona Affron: Publications
Wagner's Last Golden Age at the Met: I, The Dramatic Soprano
Note to those who receive new posts via e-mail: You must click on the title of the new post, highlighted above in blue, in order to access moving images and sound.
In April and May 2019 the Met will revive Robert Lepage’s clunky and famously derided production of Wagner’s “Ring” cycle. Wagnerites avid for this monumental music-drama have every reason to look forward to Christine Goerke in the lynch-pin role of Brünnhilde. And yet, despite this return of the tetralogy, compared with past eras, the Wagner fare remains sparse. The opening decade of the 21st century saw an average of fewer than three works by Wagner per season; in each of the four seasons ending with 2017-2018, audiences had to be content with only one. The golden age of Wagner at the Metropolitan is long past.
A golden age of any slice of the repertoire is dependent on the profusion of gifted voices suited to the style and to the commitment of management to their frequent display: at the Met, French opera in the “Gilded Age,” bel canto since the 1961 debut of Joan Sutherland Slavic opera for nearly two decades beginning in 1990. The Met’s dedication to Wagner between 1932 and 1950 was astonishing. In this period, a minimum of seven Wagner operas were programmed most seasons. A Wagnerite could often count on at least one “Ring” cycle, an Easter Parsifal, and Lohengrin, Tannhäuser, Tristan und Isolde, and Meistersinger, a bounty greater than that offered pilgrims to Bayreuth in any given summer. And essential to the profusion of performances, the Met could call upon a deep cadre of singers capable of meeting the gold standard with consistency. At the close of the 1940s, and given inevitable departures, a fabulous Wagnerian era came to an end, ceding center stage to Mozart, Verdi, and Puccini. In a series of posts devoted to specific voice types, we will evoke a remarkable epoch when Wagner ruled at the Met. We begin with the Hoch dramatischer, the dramatic soprano entrusted with Brünnhilde and Isolde.
It all began with the demise of the Chicago Civic Opera. A victim of the Great Depression, the prestigious company released its roster of stars in 1932. Chicago’s loss was New York’s gain. Frida Leider, acknowledged as the foremost Wagnerian dramatic soprano of the day, came to the Met. Here she sings the last minutes of the “Ring,” Brünnhilde’s Immolation Scene, in a 1927 Berlin recording, conducted by Leo Blech. Exceptional are the warmth of Leider’s timbre, the precision of her attacks (fearless at the top of her range), and her moving reading of the text, the climax of Wagner’s fifteen-hour-long narrative.
Leider’s presence in the Met’s Wagnerian Valhalla was alas short-lived, a mere twenty-eight performances in two seasons. In 1934 the company engaged Kirsten Flagstad, a Norwegian Hoch dramatisch. Some twenty-two years into a career almost exclusively confined to Scandinavia, she was nearly unknown on the international circuit. Her sensational debut was the beginning of her reign as the most prodigious Wagner soprano of her generation, indeed of the 20th century. Her extensive discography offers an embarrassment of riches. We have chosen the “Liebestod” of her iconic Isolde in a live 1939 performance at the San Francisco opera.
Flagstad’s voice is perfectly placed over its full range, caressing a pianissimo, thrilling at fortissimo, at one with the orchestral texture, yet never submerged by Wagner’s massive sound. Unusual with a timbre so refulgent is such crystalline diction and such precise intonation.
Flagstad sang an average of thirty-five times per season between 1935 and 1941. As if this extraordinary commitment were not enough, the Australian Marjorie Lawrence, a diva in her own right, was there for additional Wagner performances. Here is Lawrence’s Brünnhilde, as she pleads for mercy from her father Wotan at the end of Die Walküre. The 1933 recording, made in Paris where Lawrence first became known to the opera world, is in French.
In 1940-1941, the Met had three first-rank Hoch drammatisher sopranos under contract, Flagstad, Lawrence, and a new American, Helen Traubel. In 1941-1942, two of the three were no longer on the roster, Flagstad having returned to Norway, now occupied by the Nazis, Lawrence having succumbed to polio. Traubel and the very young Swedish-American Astrid Varnay shouldered the Wagner repertoire for the remainder of the decade.
We hear Traubel’s creamy timbre and effortless emission in a 1946 recording of Elsa’s “traum (dream),” “Einsam in trüben Tagen (Lonely, in troubled days).” She is accompanied in this excerpt from Lohengrin by the New York Philharmonic conducted by Artur Rodzinski.
Astrid Varnay’s Met debut at twenty-three, with no previous operatic stage experience, came as a last-minute replacement in a December 1941 broadcast of Die Walküre. Varnay’s rapturously received Sieglinde shone in a cast that featured a constellation of Wagnerian luminaries: Traubel in her role debut as Brünnhilde, Lauritz Melchior, Friedrich Schorr, Kerstin Thorborg, and Alexander Kipnis. In the first fifteen years of Varnay’s Met career (she returned in 1974 for dramatic mezzo roles) Varnay sang fourteen of Wagner’s leads, a total far in excess of Flagstad’s or Traubel’s. We hear Varnay in a live transmission from Bayreuth dated 1951, the year of the first post-war Wagner festival. Conducted by Herbert von Karajan, her Brünnhilde in the final scene of Siegfried captures the unique density of her voice as she negotiates both lyric and heroic passages. And then there is her secure and blazing high C, stunning in a voice as dark as Varnay’s.
We should add that the performances of Traubel and Varnay were led by a cluster of legendary conductors: George Szell, Sir Thomas Beecham, Fritz Busch, and Fritz Reiner.
Please look for our next post, “Wagner’s Last Golden Age at the Met: 2. The Heroic Tenor.”
Posted by Charles Affron, Mirella Jona Affron at 5:26 PM No comments:
Labels: Astrid Varnay, Bayreuth, Blech, Goerke, Götterdämmerung, Karajan, Kirsten Flagstad, Leider, Marjorie Lawrence, Rodzinski, Siegfried, The “Ring”, Traubel, Tristan und Isolde, Walküre
Book and Interview Links
Podcast WWFM: A Tempo with Rachel Katz
Book Q&A with Deborah Kalb
Charles Affron and Mirella Jona Affron are co-authors of Grand Opera: The Story of the Met
Charles Affron, Mirella Jona Affron
Wagner's Last Golden Age at the Met: I, The Dramat...
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parterre box
OperaJournal
The Jade Sphinx
RetroReels
Likely Impossibilities
an unamplified voice
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Yogananda began two months of lectures and classes in Los Angeles during which he gave the Special Advanced Course for the first time.
Yogananda gave a free 8:00 PM lecture at the Philharmonic Auditorium in Los Angeles on “Mastering the Subconscious Mind by Superconsciousness.” The hall was filled to its capacity of 3,000.
Mary Buchanan (later Kamala Silva) and her mother attended Yogananda’s first lecture of the series at the Los Angeles Philharmonic Auditorium and Yogananda greeted her afterwards as “Kamala.”
Yogananda gave an 8:00 PM lecture on “Developing Dynamic Power of Will” at Washington Auditorium in Washington, D.C.
Yogananda lectured at the Athenaeum Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri on “Greatest Science of Healing.”
Kamala Silva Meets Her Guru
Kamala Silva, a direct disciple of Paramhansa Yogananda, first met him through the class series given in Los Angeles. In The Flawless Mirror, she wrote,
“The lines of people had queued around the building for great distances waiting for the doors to open; by 7 p.m. there was no more seating space for the hundreds who were still there. This was repeated each evening for many weeks.”
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Philadelphia Travels
Historic Sights
Parks and Monuments
Traveler Information
Welcome to Philadelphia Travels
Welcome! Before you begin exploring this site, we highly recommend you check out our About Us page. Happy travels!
Sphinx on the Move!
Philly’s New Tallest
Editorial: Notre Dame
How Not to Travel 101
What is your favorite museum on the Parkway?
Academy of Natural Sciences
Barnes Foundation
Franklin Institute
Location: 2025 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Hours: Closed Tuesday 10:00-5:00 Wed-Mon
Transit: Suburban Station (RR) 15th Street (MFL) Race-Vine (BSL) 7 (Phlash)
Website: http://www.barnesfoundation.org/
ADVANCE TICKETS RECOMMENDED
One of Philadelphia’s most lauded attractions, the Barnes Foundation is the collection of Dr. Albert Barnes, a medical doctor who began collecting Impressionist art. It is one of the largest collections of Impressionist art in the world. It was moved from its original home in Merion, PA, after an extremely controversial decision to go against Dr. Barnes’ will to keep the art in Merion, in 2012. However, the original Barnes Foundation has been converted into the Barnes Arboretum, on the original site in Merion.
The Barnes Foundation has one of the greatest art collections in the country. The massive collection of Impressionist art includes 180 paintings by Renoir, 69 by Cezanne, 46 by Picasso, and 7 by Van Gogh. Other big names include Titian, Rembrandt, Monet, El Greco, and Rubens. However, it’s not just big names that fill the collection. Numerous little-known artists are featured throughout. Famous paintings in the collection include Renoir’s Leaving the Conservatory and Van Gogh’s Portrait of Joseph Roulin. The amount of these paintings is remarkable, as described earlier. The Barnes is far from the largest art museum out there, so it certainly packs in quality over quantity. Special note should go to the way the artwork is arranged. Even though the collection has moved, it is still arranged in the exact same way as Dr. Barnes had intended it to be, so they are not arranged by location or style like at most museums. They are arranged based on how they feel rather than their background. Bearing in mind that this was once a house, it would have been fascinating to live in a house full of these paintings.
The Impressionists may be the dominating force here, but there is also a small collection of African art, which is rare, considering Barnes’ contemporaries were generally not up on such things. Barnes also obtained artifacts and artwork from ancient Egypt, Rome, and China, among other early civilizations, most of which is displayed in the antique furniture in the collection. The Impressionists may be the star of the show, but the others are also (no pun intended) impressive collections.
Admission is $22 for adults, $20 for seniors, $10 for students, and free for children (under 5) The Barnes has a massive gift shop, an auditorium, a cafe, and a lounge in the basement, which is good for taking a break from walking. There are different prices on the weekends, so be wary of that. Also, photography is prohibited, and unlike other museums, they enforce the rules very strictly.
Due to the lack of information on the walls, you need to rely on booklets to know what you’re looking at. There are usually only a few of them, so you’ll need to wait for that (-1)
The collection is full of hidden secrets, such as the fact that every room is symmetrical. (+1)
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Bioaccumulation Top JournalsOccupational Safety GuidelinesChild Healthphylogenetic-characterizationEchocardiography top journalsEmbryonic stem cells High Impact Cognitive Ergonomics JournalsDrug Top Open Access JournalsDental CariesAerospace CraftsPulmonary macrophagestumorvaccines Obesity CareMicropropagation
Open Access Articles- Top Results for Geography of Houston
Geography of Houston
File:Large Houston Landsat.jpg
A simulated-color image of Houston taken on NASA's Landsat 7 satellite with Galveston Bay and Galveston Island visible in the picture.
File:Houston, Texas at Night 2010-02-28.jpg
Astronaut photograph of Houston at night.
According to the United States Census Bureau,[1] the city has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert". — Script error: No such module "convert". of it is land and Script error: No such module "convert". of it is water. The total area is 3.7 percent water. \iron man coastal plains biome, and its vegetation is classified as temperate grassland. Much of the city was built on marshes, swamp, or prairie—all of which can still be seen in surrounding areas.
Much of Houston is very flat, making flooding a recurring problem for its residents. The city stands about 50 feet above sea level—the highest area within city limits being 90 feet.[2] However, coastal subsidence has caused the elevation to drop 10 feet or more in certain areas. The subsidence was caused by extensive use of ground water and the extraction of oil and natural gas. The city turned to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston which was created in 1953 and Lake Conroe of which Houston owns two-thirds interest.
Houston has four major bayous passing through the city: Buffalo Bayou, which runs into downtown and the Houston Ship Channel; and three of its tributaries: Brays Bayou, which runs along the Texas Medical Center; White Oak Bayou, which runs through the Heights and near the northwest area; and Sims Bayou, which runs through the south of Houston and downtown Houston. The ship channel goes past Galveston and into the Gulf of Mexico.
Houston is located Script error: No such module "convert". east of Austin,[3] and Script error: No such module "convert". south of Dallas.[4]
1 Geology
2 Cityscape
Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from stream deposits from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic matter that, over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath these tiers is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into dome shapes, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. This thick rich soil also provides a good environment for rice farming in suburban outskirts that the city continues to grow into near Katy. Evidence of past rice farming is even still evident in developed areas as there is an abundance of rich dark loamy top soil.
The Houston region is generally earthquake-free. While the city of Houston contains 86 mapped and historically active surface faults with an aggregate length of 149 miles (240 km),[5] the clay below the surface precludes the buildup of friction that produces ground shaking in earthquakes. These faults generally move at a smooth rate in what is termed "fault creep."
File:Houstonmap.gif
Map of the Houston city limits
File:Panoramic Houston skyline.jpg
File:Uptown Houston.jpg
Uptown Houston
File:Aerial view of Texas Medical Center.jpg
File:GreenwayPlaza.jpg
When Houston was established in 1837, the city's founders—John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen—divided it into political geographic districts called "wards." The ward designation is the progenitor of the current-day Houston City Council districts—there are nine in all.
Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside Interstate 610, known as the "610 Loop" or simply "The Loop". Inside the loop generally encompasses the central business district, and has come to define an urban lifestyle and state of mind. The appellation “inner looper” carries with it the expectation of someone who appreciates cosmopolitan-style city life.[citation needed] Elizabeth Long, the author of the 2003 book Book Clubs: Women and the Uses of Reading in Everyday Life, wrote that most of the upper middle classes in the 610 Loop live in the southwestern part of the inner city in the areas near Hermann Park, the Houston Museum District, Rice University, and the Texas Medical Center, while some portions of northern Houston and Eastern Houston have been gentrified and also have upper middle classes.[6]
The outlying areas of Houston, the airports and the city's suburbs and enclaves are outside the Loop. Another ring road, Beltway 8 (also known simply as the "Beltway" or as the "Sam Houston Tollway"), encircles the city another 5 miles (8 km) farther out. Parts of Beltway 8 are toll roads, but for most of the route motorists can drive in the adjacent "feeder" or service roads at no charge.[citation needed] Farm to Market Road 1960 (FM 1960) forms a semicircle in northern Houston and is another dividing line.[7] The third ring road, State Highway 99 (also known as the Grand Parkway), is under construction.[citation needed] Long stated that most of the wealthier Houston suburbs are west and north of the central city, while to the southeast the Clear Lake/NASA "[represents] another burgeoning concentration of largely aerospace-related prosperity".[7]
Houston, being the largest city in the United States without zoning laws, has grown in an unusual manner. Rather than a single "downtown" as the center of the city's employment, five additional business districts have grown throughout the inner-city—they are Uptown, Texas Medical Center, Greenway Plaza, Westchase, and Greenspoint. If these business districts were combined, they would form the third-largest downtown in the United States. The city also has the third-largest skyline in the country (after New York City and Chicago), but because it is spread over a few miles, pictures of the city show—for the most part—the main downtown area.[citation needed] The growth of the Greater Houston area has occurred from all directions from the city core.[8]
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Geographic areas of Houston
^ US Census Bureau facts
^ U.S. Coast Guard Air Station–Houston: PCS Section. United States Coast Guard
^ Lomax, John Nova. "This Is Texas." Texas Monthly. February 2013. Retrieved on April 30, 2013. "No, the rightful standard-bearer of our state—the city with the greatest number of people, of cultural happenings, of medical facilities, of gangbuster enterprises—is located 165 miles to the east of Texas’s pink-granite dome." - The first part is discussing Houston. The "pink granite dome" is the Texas State Capitol in Austin.
^ Martin, Roland. "Football power in Texas has shifted to Houston." CNN. January 6, 2012. Retrieved on January 7, 2012.
^ Houston Geographic Description. Diane Moser Properties
^ Long, Elizabeth. Book Clubs: Women and the Uses of Reading in Everyday Life. University of Chicago Press, August 1, 2003. ISBN 0226492621, 9780226492629. p. 75.
^ a b Long, Elizabeth. Book Clubs: Women and the Uses of Reading in Everyday Life. University of Chicago Press, August 1, 2003. ISBN 0226492621, 9780226492629. p. 76.
^ Long, Elizabeth. Book Clubs: Women and the Uses of Reading in Everyday Life. University of Chicago Press, August 1, 2003. ISBN 0226492621, 9780226492629. p. 75-76.
Map of Houston city limits, limited purpose annexation, and extraterritorial jurisdiction (Archive)
"Super Neighborhoods Map." (Archive) City of Houston.
Flag of Houston City of Houston
Nickname: Space City
Art Car Parade
Bayou Place
Discovery Green
Free Press Summer Fest
The Galleria
Hermann Park
Kemah Boardwalk
Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark
The Orange Show
San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site
Waterwall Park
Memorial City
See also: List of companies in Houston
Acres Homes
Addicks
Almeda
Bordersville
Boulevard Oaks
Brays Oaks
Clear Lake City
Denver Harbor
East Downtown
East Houston
Forum Park
Glenbrook Valley
Greater Sharpstown
Gulfton
Hiram Clarke
Independence Heights
Inwood Forest
Link Valley
Mahatma Gandhi District
Montrose District
Neartown
Riverside Terrace
Upper Kirby
Historic wards
Second Ward
Sixth Ward
University of Houston–Clear Lake
University of Houston–Downtown
Houston Community College
See: List of colleges and universities in Houston
Battle of San Jacinto
Briargrove Park
Briarhills
Clinton Park
Cloverland
Corinthian Pointe
Crestwood/Glen Cove
Houston Gardens
Idylwood
Kashmere Gardens
Knollwood Village
Lakes of Parkway
Morningside Place
Old Braeswood
Parkway Villages
Pecan Park
Richmond Strip
Robindell
Royal Oaks Country Club
Scenic Woods
Settegast
Sharpstown
Somerset Green
Southcrest
St. George Place (Lamar Terrace)
Sunset Terrace/Montclair
Walnut Bend
West Oaks
Westwood (subdivision)
Willow Meadows
Windsor Village
Houston Dash
Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land Metro
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article Geography of Houston; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA
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We ship to almost every country!
Three Stroke
Skinhead / Ska
Sweatshirt/knitwear
Patches / Pins
Brokk & Sindre
Rabble Wear
Land Clothing
Gigs / events
Lonsdale is a boxing and clothing brand that was founded in London, England in 1960. Ex-boxer Bernard Hart started the brand as a boxing equipment company, but it eventually branched out into clothing as well.
The company is named after Hugh Cecil Lowther, 5th Earl of Lonsdale, who in 1891 set up the first organised boxing matches with gloves, following the deaths of three boxers in bare knuckle fights...
Since 1995 Warrior Clothing have been selling classic British Heritage fashion all over the world. Though most famous for their authentic Harrington jackets, we are proud to sell a collection of world class and working class retro clothing and accessories.
So ... test drive a genuine British brand.
Relco London is a long established menswear company which specialises in retro styles with high quality cotton fabric. The focus is on the 1960s, with the influence of the Mod, Ska and Skinhead styles.
The British brand Three Stroke Productions was founded in 1997 in London, knowledge of the apparel industry was then restricted, but was offset by good ideas and trusted partners. Three Stroke Productions has now established itself in the market and has been praised for its comfortable, powerful and flexible garment. Fabrics, fit, colour and detail are the key ingredients in the recipe that are handled with care. One would like to think that the garment tells a story, it is not just a shirt, jacket or a pair of pants. There is much more behind the Three Stroke Productions clothing; hard work, passion and commitment.
The brand Fred Perry have originated in England when triple Wimbledon champion Fred Perry took out both the sweatband and the iconic white polo shirt with the Austrian footballer Tibby Wegner during Wimbledon 1952. Fred Perry polo shirt was an immediate success and became particularly popular with mods at the end of the 50th century who requested more color combinations to compliment the standard white tennis shirt. In the 60-70 century, the natural choice of clothes from the skinheads to the Northern Soul culture enthusiasts.
Fred Perry logo is a laurel wreath, so-called "Laurel Wreath" which is based on the original symbol Wimbledon. The laurel wreath that has become synonymous with Fred Perry are often - if not always, the brand's products, most commonly used as embroidery on the chest of polo shirts. The brand has a huge range of clothing and accessories for men and women worldwide, and has become a landmark in British fashion. Fred Perry delivers even often special collections focus on known profiles, such as artist Amy Winehouse, cycling legend Bradley Wiggins and the band No Doubt.
The label RED KAP has provided workers since 1923 and now it's us, under the label RABBLE WEAR who delivers clothes to the new generation of ''work hard, play hard crowd''
Home » Skinhead / Ska » T-shirts
Skinhead est 1969
Brokk & Sindre's design
Ska and Boots
ska003
When men were men
Skinheads est. 1969
Skinhead Sweden
Scooter Skin
Oldschool Skinhead
Dress Hard
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Camp Meeting at Epworth
Posted by RCCAtl on July 20, 2016 at 10:30am
Camp Ground Meeting Service August 13
Appalachian Music
Greg Brooks and Third Degree Bluegrass
Bluegrass-Gospel
Barefoot Creek
Sarrah Ellen McDonald -Tonia Conner
Appalachian Old-Time Music
Betty and Shirley Turner
Mountain Gospel
Children’s Songs and Stories
Amanda Galloway - Connie Chancey
Graham Walker, preacher
Winner of a Sir John Templeton Grant for Science and Theology
Professor of Theology at the McAfee School of Theology
THE MERIDIAN CHORALE AND SOLOISTS
Steven Darsey, Music Director
3:00 Bluegrass, Appalachian Old-Time Music
4:30 Community Sing – Folk Song Favorites
Children’s Songs and Stories at the Spring of Faith
5:00 All Invited to Learn a Service Anthem with the Meridian Chorale
5:30 Opening Service Music—Bluegrass, Old-Time Music
6:00 Camp Meeting Service
On the Grounds of Epworth United Methodist Church
in historic Epworth, in North Georgia’s Blue Ridge Mountains
585 Madola Rd, Epworth, GA.
In case of rain all events will proceed in the adjacent Epworth School
www.meridianherald.org
(706) 492-2043 – Epworth United Methodist Church
The picturesque Epworth valley was the location of an ancient council-lacrosse ground of the Cherokee Indians. During the 19th century, white settlers began outdoor religious "brush arbor" meetings on the Cherokee gaming grounds. The Fightingtown Camp Meeting drew hundreds each summer to camp and worship. According to one account of the Fightingtown meeting, "at night the camp ground was very beautiful; wagon loads of rich pine knots were hauled to the grounds. Log heaps covered with dirt were made and the pine knots placed on these. When they were lighted it was almost as bright as day." "Fightingtown" is an anglicized, shorthand version of the Cherokee name for the area and nearby creek, which lore says was named for "two frogs fighting each other with stalks of a plant."
The Epworth Church was founded in 1865 and the Epworth School in 1877, where young people could gain an education. The school now sits on the hill, the church in the valley, with the historic meeting grounds between. On the north side is the “Spring of Faith,” which, according to lore and Epworth family Bibles, was fenced off one summer during a camp meeting, depriving hundreds access to their only source of water. That evening campers held a prayer vigil asking God for water. During the night, amid a howling storm, the spring moved onto church property; so, when the morning came, the campers again had access to its waters. The church still does their baptisms and holds Easter sunrise services at those holy waters. The first camp meeting of record there was in 1843. In August of 2013, Meridian Herald and Epworth church presented the first camp meeting held there since the annual Fightingtown camp meetings ceased in the 1890s.
With soul-stirring music ranging from old-time to bluegrass-gospel to classical arrangements of traditional songs, along with compelling preaching, prayer, and spirited hymn singing, this year’s camp meeting service will be held outdoors on Epworth's historic meeting grounds. Graham Walker of the McAfee School of Theology will preach; Steven Darsey and the Meridian Chorale will provide music. Also performing will be the north Georgia bluegrass band Third Edition, Barefoot Creek, and children's music specialist, Amanda Galloway, and children’s storyteller, Connie Chancey, both of The Craddock Center. There will be free gifts for children. The Craddock Center Storey Express for children will also be there giving away free books for children.
With a concert of traditional mountain music beginning at 3:00 p.m., a community sing-along of folk songs, a time for children to sing and hear stories, and a chance for interested folk to sing an anthem with the Meridian Chorale, there is music for everyone to enjoy. The afternoon will culminate in the 6:00 p.m. service, where preaching, prayer, and holy music will bring all attendees together in a great hour worship.
Darsey states: "Some of the songs we will sing have been passed down orally, virtually unchanged from the Great Awakening of the early 19th century. Thus, they are "doubly sacred" to generations of frontier folk who raised their voices to God.
All during the afternoon's activities, drinks and snacks will be available, tours of the historic Epworth Church and grounds will be offered. After the service, watermelon will be served.
Graham Walker is associate dean and the John and Judy Zellars professor of theology at the McAfee School of Theology. Dr. Walker has served as a missionary and held academic posts in the Philippines and has also served pastorates in the United States. An accomplished writer and preacher, his research interests include World Christianity, the Holocaust and Christianity, and science and religion, in which field he received a Templeton research grant.
Steven Darsey is founding artistic director of Meridian Herald. A student of vernacular sacred music, he is also active as a conductor and composer. Since 1986, he has served Atlanta's Glenn Memorial UMC as Director of Music. His book, The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob: Music and Worship, was recently published to critical notice.
Camp meetings began in the 19th century south, when farmers, after the crops were laid by, would go "camping" with their families and friends for a week or more. The days and evenings were filled with fiery preaching and impassioned singing. Camp meetings spread throughout the south and became an integral part of the region's cultural and spiritual traditions. Many continue today, and the participants look forward with loving devotion to the familial, social and spiritual renewal of their annual camp meetings.
This service is presented by Meridian Herald and hosted by Epworth UMC, Byron Ahrens, pastor. www.historicepworthumc.org
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Badolato (CZ)
The village of angels
The history of Badolato deserves to be told. Risen to the headlines in the '70s for an article that painted it as a "land for sale", Badolato became famous in the' 90s thanks to a policy of welcoming and recovery of historic buildings which today gather the results.
Today Badolato is a popular destination for foreigners from northern Europe, who have decided to take their home in the village and use it as a “buen retiro” for their holidays.
Badolato has become a country hotel, to offer visitors the true experience of Calabria.
In recent years Badolato has also become a "country-hotel", thanks to several tourist entrepreneurs who have decided to work in the network to provide visitors the'experience of Calabria “more real”, which is not only holidays but also transmission of emotions and styles of life. The heart of this reality is kept in the historic center and extends to the coast with active services to the small tourist port, "The Bocche of Gallipari" .
Welcome as a lifestyle
The theme of 'welcome is always in the focus of speeches on Badolato, to the point that the great German director Wim Wenders decided to make in these places part of his film in 3D "Flight", based on a story of integration between people of different origin that in Badolato has found the right dimension.
Badolato is a charming medieval village characterized by a Byzantine structure with numerous churches arranged in the shape of a Latin cross and many characteristic alleys.Located in a strategic position of the Calabrian territory, offering visitors the chance to enjoy in all dimensions of magnificent nature surroundings, between the sea, hills, mountains and lake.
A special mention deserve the evocative religious ceremonies that prepare the advent of Easter: millennia of popular history, religiosity and traditions concentrated in a few hours.On the Holy Saturday the preparations for the 'long-awaited revival of the Via Crucis through the entire village, thanks to the involvement of more than 200 dressed up people spread among the narrow streets and squares.
To see with eyes, soul and heart.
Not to be missed the gastronomic experience in the characteristic “catoj”, old restored wine cellars where you can taste typical local dishes at zero kilometer seasonal products.
Address Corso Umberto I, 192
88060 Badolato (CZ)
Phone number 0967-85000
Fax 0967- 85060
Website www.comune.badolato.cz.it
VILLAGES AND OLD TOWNS
Traditional tourism characterizes Badolato Marina that hosts a great number of visitors.
Badolato has been awarded the title of Borgo Autentico 2011 (Authentic village 2011). Badolato foundation goes back to the 10th century when Robert Guiscard duke of Calabria in 1080 decided to build a pacific village where some huts inhabited by poor shepherds already existed. Since the beginning, the village was well protected, as shown by the 12th century surrounding walls and the castle. The castle with its tower was a lookout for Saracen or Turkish incursions that troubled Calabria population during the Late Middle Age. Badolato became with time a notable religious center because Basilian, Franciscan and Dominican monks used to gather there, and created several confraternities that still operate and take care of the wonderful churches and monasteries built in the past centuries.
Badolato is the town of Churches because thirteen churches can be visited; they are located as to protect the town on all four sides. The wonderful Church of Immacolata rises up beyond the Eastern town gateway on a small hill and from there a delightful view of the entire coast from Capo Colonna to Punta Stilo can be enjoyed. Construction was initiated in 1686; the granite main door was the work of stonemasons from Serra San Bruno. Two columns on a pedestal support the architrave with a recess reporting the years of foundation (1686) and restoration (1859). Inside the church, the plastered ceiling was decorated by artists from Serra San Bruno. The barrel vault is divided in three frames. The Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli is situated on a small hill in front of the town (Petta degli Angeli). Inside the church there is a 18th century wooden crucifix and a rich hanging pulpit of the same period that were preserved by the group of people living there who restored them. The Church of Santa Maria della Sanità is an ancient Medieval Basilian center of the 10th century located three kilometers far from the village. The church once retained a statue group. The building presents a picturesque arcade portico covered with wooden beams. The Church of Badolato Marina is at the town center and includes the rectory and the parish complex in a single building.
Badolato Marina has a marina called Le Bocche di Gallipari.
The ancient pride of the Athens of Italy
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The CO2 Challenge: Economical Capture, Utilization, and Storage
Much debate has surrounded anthropogenic (man-made) sources of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2, and their link to global climate change. The argument over this concept has moved into the international political structure and is now a major driver of policy. Although the long-term impacts of climate change, both ecologically and sociologically, are being debated rigorously, worldwide goals for reducing CO2emissions are moving forward as are regulations. In the United States, many questions confront utilities as to how to comply with proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission regulations and still provide affordable power.
Anthropogenic CO2 is a by-product of almost everything humans do, including breathing. Large stationary sources of CO2 are the focus of EPA’s emission limits. Electric utilities, petroleum and gas processing, ag-related processing, and industry, such as cement and steel plants, are the largest point sources of CO2, and entire books have been written on their potential influence on the world’s climate. This article will focus on the coal-fired power generation sector and the challenges it faces with CO2 emissions.
The scale of CO2 emissions from U.S. power generation is large. One metric ton of coal used to fuel electricity production produces 2.0 to 2.4 metric tons of CO2. A typical coal-fired power plant will consume hundreds of metric tons of coal an hour, depending on coal type and plant size. The U.S. electricity industry alone has a very large carbon footprint, given that there were 1308 coal-fired units across 557 locations in the United States (as of the end of 2012). In fact, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the U.S. coal-fired fleet emitted over 1.5 billion metric tons of CO2 in 2012. For the spectrum of generation units across the country, this translates to hundreds of thousands to millions of metric tons of CO2 emitted annually by each plant. Nonetheless, the U.S. represents only about an eighth of the world’s coal use, and that fraction is rapidly diminishing as domestic use stabilizes and international use continues to grow.
The use of coal for electricity generation is unlikely to be significantly reduced in the foreseeable future. Since the Industrial Revolution, coal has been the foundation for many of the technological advances the world has enjoyed and is so firmly enmeshed that it is simply impossible to quit using coal “cold turkey.” Coal is a fossil fuel, like oil and natural gas, and is part of our nation’s energy security. It is abundant and can be used efficiently and in an environmentally sound manner to meet energy needs. The IEA projects that the use of coal will remain steady and continue to be the foundation of energy production, not only for the United States but for the world for decades to come.
The discussion of CO2 in the power generation sector has to be fully laid out for context. Various aspects of the process can be found in all of the major publications, but the integrated process—CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS)—must be considered in its entirety. When each aspect is viewed separately, the overall process appears generic and not representative of a given situation. To achieve an accurate representation, a fully integrated process must be considered. Discussion of CO2 capture involves the discussion of plant size, existing emission controls, CO2 technology being used, and the energy penalty to the plant and must include the available options for transporting the CO2, as well as available options for storage or use of the captured CO2. The cost of each of these points must be taken into consideration because they will impact the ultimate cost of electricity in a carbon-managed power production scenario.
Moving toward U.S. energy security means entering into a situation where most U.S. energy, and energy sources, are harvested in North America in a manner that is reliable, relatively inexpensive and environmentally responsible. Most consumers of power are resistant to large increases on their electricity bill, while simultaneously, there is a public demand to reliably purchase power that is produced in an environmentally friendly way. The U.S. energy security goal is a very delicate balance between all of these factors, and the CCUS composition must be able to adjust to them.
The capture component is not as simple as one might think. A broad spectrum of generation units varying from less than 50 to over 800 MW in size are in use today utilizing various coals of different heat densities, at different quantities, and with very different levels of emission control. The technologies that currently exist for capturing CO2 are sensitive to the composition of the flue gas, mostly sulfur and nitrogen oxides, referred to as SOx and NOx. Most currently deployed systems for removing SOx and NOx from flue gas do not remove enough of these constituents to prevent the degradation of the chemicals or membranes used in today’s CO2 capture technologies. In many cases, plants will likely need to deploy additional impurity removal techniques prior to CO2 capture, equating to additional capital expense.
CO2capture technologies for coal-fired power plants are an ever-growing science and engineering enterprise. New concepts, or improvements to known concepts, are being generated every year. At this time, most of these concepts are not ready to be deployed at the full scale, so “first-generation” technologies which rely on experience gained in other industries will likely be the first deployed. Technologies to capture impurities from gas streams are not new, and many have been around for decades. Today’s most deployable technologies either rely on solvents or sorbents to capture the CO2 from a flue gas stream, while coal gasification can also employ membranes for CO2separation. Solvents/sorbents require heat, both to release the captured CO2and to regenerate the solvent/sorbent for reuse. This additional heat requirement is one of the largest challenges facing implementation of CO2capture and results in a significantly large energy penalty (parasitic load) on a power plant.
The most logical source of heat for solvent/sorbent regeneration is the steam cycle itself. In most coal-fired power plants, the steam cycle provides the energy for the electrical generator to produce electricity, and if steam is diverted to other purposes, then that energy is not available to turn the generator. It is universally recognized that the integration of today’s CO2capture technology will result in a reduction of the plant’s electricity output by up to 35%. Many of the smaller plants, certainly those below 100 MW, would be forced to shut down, as the costs of additional emission control and CO2capture integration and energy penalty would be too great to overcome. Other sources for regeneration energy could be used, but it would mean the construction of additional units and/or the application of an additional fuel source, which again equals more expense.
Solvents are currently the quickest way to capture CO2 but come with their own set of challenges. A majority of solvents used for CO2 capture are composed predominantly of water and amine-based chemicals, which typically make up 20% to 40% of the solution. The water component does not aid in the solvent’s ability to capture CO2, and there is ongoing research to reduce and/or remove the need for water altogether. Water content greatly contributes to the overall need for regeneration energy; therefore, less water would also mean a lower energy penalty. Each plant utilizing a solvent would need hundreds to thousands of gallons a year to replace the spent solvent. When adjusting that to the number of plants that would potentially use the solvent, the volume of chemicals needed each year becomes very large. Many chemical suppliers have recognized that a challenge would exist to produce enough of these chemicals for CO2capture alone, to say nothing for the production of these chemicals for any other use worldwide. Of additional note is the fact that these solvents may be hazardous, need to be handled carefully, and must be stored and disposed of properly to avoid potential harm to the environment.
Incremental improvements/changes in the composition of these solvents can have a broad effect on CCUS. Less water usage, lower regeneration energy requirement, greater CO2 uptake by the solvent, and greater tolerance for SOxand NOx are all factors that highly influence the economic viability of any solvent.
This is the focus of the Partnership for CO2 Capture (PCO2C) Program at the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC). One of the primary goals of this program is to study solvents, sorbents, and technologies used for CO2 capture and test them utilizing actual combustion- or gasification-derived flue gas generated in pilot-scale systems from many different fuel sources. It is through this program, and others like it, that progress toward the goal of cost-effective CO2 capture is being realized, providing a pathway to technology demonstration and commercialization.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) recognizes that demonstrations of CO2capture technologies have been limited, and with the implementation of first-generation technologies, the wholesale cost of electricity could increase by 80% as a result of a projected cost of CO2 capture at $60 per metric ton. The DOE has set a goal for second-generation technology to drop the costs of CO2capture below $40 per metric ton in the 2020–2025 time frame. This is all part of a critical DOE-sponsored program that is focused on reducing the issues facing commercially viable carbon capture. The process for reaching commercial viability needs to be stepwise, ending in multiple scale-up demonstrations of each technology.
The decisions made for updating emission control to accommodate for CO2capture integration and the selection of the CO2 technology are only the halfway point on the path to commercial CCUS. The remaining part of the path involves determining what should be done with the captured CO2. The most common option for CO2 storage is in deep geologic targets in sedimentary basins, such as depleted oil and gas fields, deep brine- or saltwater-filled formations, and deep unminable coal layers. The techniques for injecting and storing gases and fluids in deep geologic formations have been used in the oil, gas, and waste management industries for decades and have well-established practices. If the plant is located above or near a deep sedimentary basin, then there may be several options for CO2 storage. If there are nearby oil fields, the obvious first choice would be to provide CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Utility power plants and other regulated CO2emission sources that do not have regional access to geologic options will have severe challenges when it comes to storing captured CO2.
To utilize CO2, it must first be transported. Transport of CO2is only economical within a certain distance from the emission source to a wellhead or a pipeline interconnect. Transportation is available through the use of pipelines and tankers to move compressed CO2 wherever it is needed, but at a cost, and these costs are not trivial. Costs have been estimated for trucks and trailers to be in the range of $45 per metric ton to transport CO2, whereas railcars are estimated to be about $35 per metric ton. Pipelines are a more economical option in the long run but require significant planning, permitting, and up-front capital. Costs for pipelines can vary widely, but a quick estimate can be made using rule-of-thumb guidelines at $70,000–$100,000 per inch of pipe diameter per mile of pipe. For example, a 12-inch pipeline would cost $840,000–$1,200,000 per mile; if the line were only 10 miles long, then the cost would be $8.4 to $12 million dollars. For a plant 500 miles from subsurface use, the costs for transport may be too high. In these situations, partnerships must form between the CO2 provider and the CO2 user.
CO2utilization and storage are the focus of another program led by the EERC called the Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Program. This program is one of seven regional partnership programs sponsored by DOE’s National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program. The PCOR Partnership Program is a collaboration of over 100 U.S. and Canadian stakeholders that is laying the groundwork for practical and environmentally sound CO2 storage projects in the heartland of North America.
It is easy to quickly realize that the costs for CCUS will be in the billions of dollars and, ultimately, those costs will be passed down in some form to the consumer. EOR and other utilization processes may ease some of the associated costs, but in the end, the price of energy will likely rise. In addition, many challenges are associated with the commercial implementation of CCUS, but we are working toward economically viable solutions. These solutions are going to take time to develop but will be needed, as the world’s energy demand increases, along with the need to be good stewards of the environment. As such, it makes sense to continue the work under the important DOE CCUS programs, to improve readiness, and to reduce the costs for widespread commercial CCUS implementation, not just in the United States but around the world.
By John Kay, Senior Research Manager, Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC)
Posted by Energy and Environmental Research Center at 12:21 PM
Labels: Carbon Management , Coal Utilization & Emissions , View All
Put science before emotion on the topic of NORM waste
The CO2 Challenge: Economical Capture, Utilization...
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10 FREE FIRE Beats
Bruno Mars Wins 6 Grammys, Kendrick Lamar Nabs 5
3nation January 29, 2018
Magic was definitely in the air for Bruno Mars on Music’s Biggest Night. The 24K Magic star walked away with a total of six Grammys, the most of any artist this year.
His win total was all the more impressive because it included the night’s biggest awards—Record of the Year (“24K Magic”), Song of the Year (“That’s What I Like”), and Album of the Year (24K Magic). He also took home Best R&B Performance (“That’s What I Like”) and Best R&B Album (24K Magic).
Closing out the evening with Album of the Year, Mars reflected on his journey as a musician. He recalled performing songs that were written by the likes of Babyface, Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis, and Teddy Riley when he was younger. “I’d like to dedicate this award to them,” he said. “They are my heroes. They are my teachers. They laid the foundation. This album wouldn’t exist if it wasn’t for these guys…and you know I had to sprinkle a little Mars sauce on it.”
Additionally, 24K Magic won Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical, though that award didn’t go to Bruno. Instead, it went home with Serban Ghenea, John Hanes, Charles Moniz, and Tom Coyne.
60th Annual Grammy Awards: Red Carpet
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The evening wasn’t just about hardware for Mars, who also tapped Cardi B for a ’90s-themed performance of “Finesse.”
Another big winner was Kendrick Lamar, who took home five awards, including Best Music Video (“HUMBLE.”), Best Rap Performance (“HUMBLE.”), Best Rap Song (“HUMBLE.”), Best Rap Album (DAMN.), and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration (“LOYALTY.” featuring Rihanna).
Two of the night’s biggest snubs were JAY-Z and SZA. Hov led all nominees with eight, while the TDE songstress was the frontrunner amongst women with five, but both were completely shut out of their categories.
For a list of winners, click here.
Posted in NewsTagged hip hop
Every Hip-Hop and R&B Performance at the Grammys, Ranked
SZA Taps Into The Matrix With Her Mesmerizing Grammy Performance
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Marwan Makes Historic New York Quarters
January 23, 2012 admin All News, PSA, Usa
Egyptian teenager Marwan El Shorbagy became the first qualifier to make the quarter-finals of the JP Morgan Tournament of Champions for ten years after defeating England’s Tom Richards in the second round of the first PSA World Series squash event of the year at Grand Central Terminal in New York.
The 18-year-old’s celebrations were boosted later when his older brother Mohamed El Shorbagy, the No7 seed, also made the last eight.
“This is one of the happiest days for the El Shorbagy family,” said 21-year-old Mohamed minutes after his five-game victory over Australia’s Cameron Pilley.
Marwan, the 18-year-old reigning world junior champion, continued his fearless trek through the talent-laden Tournament of Champions draw as he knocked off Richards, ranked 20 in the world, by winning a 12-10 nail-biting fifth game.
“I was just pushing, pushing, pushing the whole time out there,” said the younger El Shorbagy. “I was doing what my brother told me, because he had played Tom before and I hadn’t.”
The older brother’s advice was to play a basic game, but at the same time, look for every opportunity to attack. The first game was a seesaw with Richards grabbing an early 7-4 lead and El Shorbagy then forging ahead 8-7 before Richards edged out an 11-9 win.
Although the Englishman took an early lead in the second, the young Egyptian stormed back and scored nine unanswered points to win the game and level the match. The third game saw Richards back in command as he surged to an 8-3 lead, winning the game 11-7. The momentum shifted back to El Shorbagy in the fourth when he took the lead at 3-2 and never relinquished it.
El Shorbagy again took an early lead in the fifth. Down 4-7, the 25-year-old from Surrey was not ready to surrender and evened the match at seven-all. El Shorbagy won the next point and Richards evened the score again – the pattern was repeated three times until El Shorbagy took the last and final lead at 11-10 and won the game 12-10.
For the fast-rising Egyptian teenager it was another exultant moment on the glass court in Grand Central Terminal – the first one having occurred two days earlier when he beat eighth seed Thierry Lincou, the former world No1 from France. All this after having to be persuaded by his brother to even enter the iconic championship which is a favourite of the PSA Tour players.
Just a couple of hours later, it was El Shorbagy senior’s turn to make some magic on court. “Marwan’s match inspired me, but it also took a lot out of me,” said Mohamed.
Like his brother, he went the distance against Australian Pilley, an opponent whom he finds especially difficult to play. “This was an up and down match,” said El Shorbagy. “Sometime I was playing super, and sometimes like an 11-year-old.” Fortunately for the Egyptian, he was super in the fifth, jumping out to a 9-2 lead and winning the decider 11-5.
The older El Shorbagy’s quarter-final opponent will be England’s Nick Matthew. The top seed eliminated Adrian Grant, hisCommonwealth Games gold medallist doubles partner, in three games.
“It was a good tough game,” said Matthew, whose year-long reign at the top of the world rankings came to an end in January after a two-month injury hiatus. “Anyone who thinks I can come right back to my top form after two months out doesn’t know squash. I am still trying to find my game.”
The younger El Shorbagy’s last eight opponent will be Daryl Selby, who defeated Germany’s Simon Rosner in four games. The match almost went to five games when Rosner came back from a 5-10 deficit to earn a game ball at 11-10. An ill-considered attempt at a cross court backhand drop from deep in the court resulted in a tin to tie the game and Selby took advantage to finish the match.
“I have been struggling recently to finish off games,” said the Englishman after the match. “So at that point, I was trying not to make an error – to make him have to win the game instead of my losing it.”
Rounding out the trio of Egyptian squash players into the quarterfinals is two-time title-holder Amr Shabana, whose match with Miguel Angel Rodriguez was the most entertaining and dramatic of the day. Once again, the Colombian qualifier thrilled the crowd with his speed and acrobatic style of play while Shabana’s ability to hit a winning nick at the most opportune times left the spectators in the capacity crowd shaking their heads in amazement on several occasions.
Shabana seemed to have control of the match when he took a 2/0 lead after winning the first two games 11-6, 11-8. But the never-say-die Rodriguez was unfazed and won the third game 11-7. The fourth game was all Rodriguez as he jumped out to a 9-3 lead and won the game 11-4.
“I got sucked into his game,” said Shabana – “which is to hit a lot of shots and try to make each one better than the last, which results in a lot of tins. I needed to be more patient and wait for a loose ball to attack.”
The change in strategy worked – after trading the lead back and forth several times in the early part of the fifth game, Shabana asserted himself at seven-all by hitting a service return winner into the nick. He then patiently kept the ball tight to the wall until he had an opening to attack – even so, it was nearly impossible to hit a shot that the speedy South American could not reach. Shabana surged ahead to 10-7 and at 10-8, hit the ball to every corner of the court.
His opponent covered all the corners and thrilled the crowd by hitting a shot from behind his back and then one through his legs before a deep cross court from Shabana was just enough out of reach to force a game-winning racquet error.
Shabana’s quarter-final match will pit two of the game’s best shot-makers against each other as he takes on Gregory Gaultier in a repeat of this month’s ATCO PSA World Series Finals final in London. “I was worried that I would get off to a slow start after having to wait so long to play,” said the Frenchman, referring to the fact that he got on court at 10pm – one and a half hours after his scheduled match, due to several lengthy matches earlier in the day.
“But I actually started quickly,” said the world No3. After winning the first game 11-4, Gaultier lost concentration and dropped the second game to Swiss opponent Nicolas Mueller. The third and fourth games were entirely in the Frenchman’s control – he was never behind in either game.
The final quarter-final pairing will be a contest between two Englishmen, each of whom won their matches in three games. World No1 and second seed James Willstrop despatched Egyptian qualifier Mohammed Abbas while sixth seed Peter Barker eliminated Canadian Shahier Razik.
RESULTS: PSA World Series JP Morgan Tournament of Champions, New York, USA
2nd round:
[1] Nick Matthew (ENG) bt Adrian Grant (ENG) 11-5, 11-7, 12-10 (65m)
[7] Mohamed El Shorbagy (EGY) bt Cameron Pilley (AUS) 6-11, 11-9, 8-11, 11-6, 11-5 (76m)
[5] Amr Shabana (EGY) bt [Q] Miguel Angel Rodriguez (COL) 11-6, 11-8, 7-11, 4-11, 11-8 (71m)
[3] Gregory Gaultier (FRA) bt Nicolas Mueller (SUI) 11-4, 10-12, 11-6, 11-1 (59m)
Daryl Selby (ENG) bt Simon Rosner (GER) 11-8, 4-11, 11-6, 13-11 (67m)
[Q] Marwan El Shorbagy (EGY) bt Tom Richards (ENG) 9-11, 11-4, 7-11, 11-6, 12-10 (85m)
[6] Peter Barker (ENG) bt Shahier Razik (CAN) 11-3, 11-5, 11-5 (42m)
[2] James Willstrop (ENG) bt [Q] Mohammed Abbas (EGY) 11-8, 12-10, 11-2 (41m)
ToC 2012
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The New "What Do Women Want"?
I was annoyed to see this book shelved only under "Gender Studies." Why not "Health and Well-Being?"
I just finished reading the new book What Do Women Want, by Daniel Bergner.
1. My super-double-extra number one favorite thing in this book is the way it challenges the twin stereotypes of women-want-intimacy-and-love and women-are-naturally-monogamous. Bergner compiles an impressive array of empirical research suggesting a radically different picture: that women want novelty and variety; that desire in a long-term monogamous relationship often wanes; that desire wanes with boredom for women more than for men.
It's true that the book pushes its "naturally promiscuous" alternative without a lot of nuance or in-depth consideration of opposing views. But this didn't bother me, because the twin stereotypes have such a strange crazed grip on people.
2. Indeed, with respect to monogamy, Berger's arguments are particularly effective at challenging the evolutionary argument, you know, that women have to invest a ton of energy in offspring and so are naturally picky whereas men want to spread their seed. Bergner cites a ton of animal studies in which females are sexually aggressive, and sexually promiscuous, and mentions quite astonishing examples of cases where scientists of the past seem to have seen what they wanted to see rather than what was there.
Of course, taking what seems "obvious" to some science guys and cooking up a story to show how it's "adaptive" and thus an essential aspect of our biology instead of the result of social and cultural forces has always been the problematic strategy of evolutionary biology applied to things like sex. And the risk is always high when we're talking about things people want to be true. And a lot of people -- men and women -- seem to want the women-intimacy-monogamy thing to be true.
3. One of the most interesting -- OK, to me frightening -- parts of the book was the description of how female desire drugs are being consciously interpreted as supports for monogamy, appropriate and approvable only if they don't make women just, you know, really want to have sex. Desire drugs for middle-aged married woman who love their husbands but compare the pleasure of sex with them to the pleasure of returning library books? We are on it! Girls just want to have fun? Not so much. Various people want the drugs to be "good but not too good." You can read more about this part of the story in Bergner's piece in the Times.
4. Though I get why it had to be this way, I wish the title/argument didn't have to be expressed in terms of What Do Women Want -- in fact, I wish the word "want" wasn't here at all. In addition to the obvious invitation to stupid remarks like the one on the back cover from Gay Talese (it's "a subject that often exceeds our intelligence" -- women, so kooky, so strange, so Other!) it also invites misinterpretation because the word "want" is used in a "desire or interest, conscious or unconcious" sense, in a "this is what I ultimately want to do sense -- i. e., intend, always conscious and reflective, and in a "this is what will satisfy -- ultimately make happy" sense. All very different.
There are women in this book who describe fantasies, sometimes disturbing to themselves, of being forced to have sex, sometimes violently, sometimes with multiple strangers. While it's essential to recognize these as important and genuine parts of these women's sexual lives and desires, connected to "want" in the first sense, fantasies need not be connected to want in the second or third sense, of this being something these women ultimately want to do or have done to them in reality. It's complicated.
Also, saying "What Do Women Want?" makes it sound like women in some obvious way don't know themselves, but I don't think that's an apt description of what is going on.
5. While I admired, and was persuaded by, the frank discussion of the possibility that women are turned on by the desire and interest of others and thus have a sexuality that is to some extent "other-directed," I wish the word "narcissistic" didn't come into play in describing that. As I discussed a bit in this previous post 1) it would be better if both sexes had a mix of self-directed and other-directed desires and 2) other-directed isn't "narcissistic" - why not a nice word like "generous"?
6. Everyone should keep in mind the possibility that women are different. It's wrong to say women really want X or Y or Z -- people vary a lot. It's because the alternative intimacy-monogamy narrative has been so outrageous on this score that I think it's OK that this book does a bit of generalizing in opposition to that narrative.
But do remember, one woman's meat is another woman's poison.
Labels: books, desires, feminism, love, philosophy, psychology, relationships, sex
From The Hot Best-Seller "What Went Wrong?": 2075 Edition
An image from Bladerunner, of course.
Contents of the 2075 best-seller What Went Wrong? Culture and Society in the Age of Affluence, 1980-2075.
It's the most important question of our time: what went wrong? How did we fail to prevent the Great Collapse of 2050? What were the people of the Age of Affluence thinking?
Chapter 1: Dupes, Devotés, and Racketeers: Capitalism and Credulity in the Age of Affluence
We begin with a discussion of the so-called Mystery of Economic Trust: why did people of the Affluent Age trust orthodox economics, despite its obvious dramatic failures? Were they dupes, deer in the headlights? Were they devotés, who abandoned their judgment to a cult of experts? Were they racketeers, who knowingly exploited their fellows for economic gain?
Chapter 2: Working For The Pretend: The End of Pay in the Age of Affluence
Where did our cultural expectations of 24-7 work for nothing in return come from? In the twentieth-century, there was a deeply embedded cultural idea of "work" for "pay." Certain ideas inherited from their ancestors -- that work should be limited to a certain number of hours per week, that work should be compensated with pay, that workers were entitled to breaks -- were part of their cultural framework. Eventually these came to seem mere superstitions. "Interning" was work without pay in hopes of future employment, but threats of being let go worked just as well. We trace how these developments, in a context of inequality, ensured the end of the quaint idea of payment.
Chapter 3: "Let Them Eat Beefcake: Technology and The Food That Can't Feed You
Next we turn to a consideration of the causes of the paradoxical hunger/obesity crisis of 2025. Long ago, hunger and starvation were caused by a lack of food, resulting from natural crises and ordinary poor planning. All that changed in the early twenty-first-century, as food technologists found their holy grail: caloric snack foods with no nutritional value that caused hunger instead of satiety. While a short-term boon for food corporations, the long term result was that plump people with kitchens full of food began, nonetheless, to starve.
Chapter 4: We Are All Hikikomori Now
You might be surprised to learn that people of the Age of Affluence loved to go out and spend time with one another -- literally, IRL -- and did so for fun and not just as a chore. In "restaurants," people ate in groups -- just for pleasure. There was so much socializing that our current typical life, spent indoors and alone, was considered odd enough to be considered a disorder worth naming. What went wrong? What caused the end of non-virtual interaction?
Chapter 5: Children in An Ownership Society: Where Do They Fit In?
Like us, people of the affluent age felt strongly that to simply give goods and money away to poor people would be wrong: it would simply encourage idleness and take away their sense of personal responsibility. But they made an exception for children: in the affluent age, so-called "helicopter parents" showered their kids with goods and attention, and even abandoned children were simply given food and shelter. But in our current 100 percent ownership society, we are forced to view children as simply small poor people -- especially as infants, they own nothing we don't give them. We thus explain the rise in child mortality in terms of the failure to find a justifying ethical reason or the political will to treat children in any other way.
If, after reading this book, you want to know more about the Affluent Age, just visit one of our local Nostalgia Centers™. There you can have a cocktail in a "bar," with "friends," read a book, play a musical instrument, and have sex.
Labels: economics, future, modern life, politics, social equality, technology, wtf
The Omnipresence Of Politics Is The Omnipresence Of Indignation
Celebrations in Honor of Giuseppe Garibaldi in Sferisterio Arena in Macerata, detail, 19th century. Via Wikimedia Commons.
Is it just me, or is politics taking over? It's everywhere now. It's not just that it's everywhere, it's that it's such a large proportion of everything.
Maybe I'm misremembering but I think you used to be able to read The New Yorker or The New York Review of Books and find a little politics in with a lot of other stuff and now it's like politics politics politics politics politics.
Sure, part of the story is that a lot of shit is happening. But is that all there is to it?
Here are three darker theories about the new omnipresence of politics.
1. The new omnipresence of politics is really the omnipresence of indignation. Confronting actual things can be grim, and thus sad, and we all know how bad that is for the soul. Whereas indignation -- it's life affirming! It makes you feel like you're doing something! Whether you're obsessed with things you agree with or things you disagree with, politics is an arena where you never have to check your indignation at the door.
2. Politics is like J. Lo for the literati set. I mean, politics has the fun of gossip, but allows you to feel like you're being all serious about things. Everyone loves gossip. But gossiping about your friends is risky or time-consuming and in the modern world: either you're online, in which case you're gonna get found out, or you have to make a phone call or meet for coffee ... and who has time for that? I guess there are celebrities. But a lot of people feel celebrity gossip is beneath them.
3. Talking about politics gives people a way of feeling like they're thinking about something, now that actual intellectual activities like reading are passing into the realm of the antiquated. I mean, you can't really tweet in an interesting way about reading a novel or seeing an opera. But politics -- there's always some tiny bit of new news that can gobbled up and spit out in a matter of seconds.
And by the way, while we're on that subject, can I just say that it has not somehow become OK to talk in a carefree way about how you can't read books anymore because the internet has rewired your brain and modern life is so busy no one has time to read. Yes, if you have small children or you have to work three jobs to make a living, you are off the hook. But lots of people have plenty of time for Netflix and social networking and if you have time for those you have time to read.
Also, I know this will come as a surprise to some of you, but finishing books is not beyond your abilities either. People keep talking about how they start but can't finish. But interestingly, finishing one book is no more difficult than starting several. All you have to is, when you go back to interrupted reading, pick up the same book you were reading before rather than a different one. Voilà!
If you've been hoping to get back into "reading," but you're a little rusty, do yourself a favor and read Anchee Min's new memoir. When I tell you that Min's arrival in the US in her late twenties, having lied about being able to speak English to get a visa, with almost no money and no one to help her here isn't even the most dramatic part of the story, you'll see why I describe it as a page-turner.
Plus, since this book is full of reflections on the differences between China and the US, it'll soothe your politics addiction even as you find yourself actually reading multiple pages in one sitting.
Please, don't let politics eat your brain. The mind you save may be your own.
Labels: books, modern life, novels, politics, the internet
Collaboration: Still A Dirty Word
The young Hannah Arendt
I went to see the Hannah Arendt movie last week. I thought it was great -- but this post isn't really about that. This post is about the ways we -- we here in 21st century North America -- are being snookered into thinking that going along with things is somehow a virtue.
Nowadays we don't call it "collaboration." We call it working well in groups, being a team player, being a good fit. But in the right contexts, modern collaboration is sinister in ways relevantly similar to the paradigm case of collaboration -- working with, and supporting, the Nazis in carrying out the Holocaust.
As maybe you know, in the early 60s Arendt wrote a book called Eichmann in Jerusalem, in which she argued (among other things) that Eichmann, a Nazi administrator who organized many of the trains in which Jews were sent to their deaths, was acting primarily through a kind of failure to think. This is not "I was just following orders." This is more abdicating one's will entirely to an external force. Eichmann, she says, adopted the principle of always doing what Hitler and the Party said to do; in failing to judge for himself, he became capable of perpetrating evil of vast proportions. (A good essay on the distinction is here).
This book made a lot of people very angry, and it still does. Some of the anger was in response to a part of the book where she questions the behavior of Jewish leaders who helping to organize Nazi activities by drawing up lists and misrepresenting the facts. Some of it was more directly aimed at the thesis that Eichmann was a kind of careerist joiner, a moron, the kind of guy who can only speak in clichés. Some people found the tone of her book -- objective, cold, sometimes ironic -- inappropriate.
Some of the people Arendt enraged were her university colleagues. There's a great scene in the movie depicting the immediate aftermath of an impassioned speech -- in defense of her views, in defense of always trying to find the truth, in defense of taking a philosophical and detached point of view to understand the complete moral collapse in Europe during the Holocaust. She's just been told her colleagues will do everything they can to get her out of the university. She goes to eat lunch, and she sits there alone, calmly eating, while everyone glares at her.
As I was watching that scene I had a small thought about university life: even though tenure is meant to protect the ability to say unpopular things, it is really hard to fight with the group of people with whom you have to work everyday, and will have to work everyday, probably until you retire.
And it seems to me it's getting harder. The university, like the rest of the world, puts more and more emphasis on cooperation and interdependence. More and more things are done in groups; every problem has a committee; there's all this handwringing about Why Can't Humanities Be Collaborative Like The Science and then we can Make Some Progress. As I've said before, I believe there's a reason research in the humanities is often carried out by people working alone.
And mulling it over over the next few days, as I read Eichmann in Jerusalem, I was struck by several thoughts about the modern attack on individual judgment and going against the grain.
First there's the obvious: when employers require your social networking passwords, when peaceful protestors are tear-gassed, when the fucking CIA is reading everyone's email, well, yes, Virginia, it's hard to speak unpopular truths.
But there's also something more amorphous going on. There's this whole celebration of collaboration. It's like we forgot it was once a dirty word. We celebrate crowd-sourced knowledge and group activities and working in teams. Often we hear the logic of "If X is going to happen anyway, we need to make X a bit less awful than it would be otherwise."
Sometimes that might be true, but sometimes it's not, and when it's not, this idea -- that if it's going to happen, we should make it happen in a humane way -- displays the logic of collaboration in the worst sense. One of the most striking arguments of Eichmann in Jerusalem is that if the Jewish leaders hadn't helped organize things, yes, there would have been pain and misery, but there would not have been the massive number of deaths. Just doing nothing, she says, would have been better than helping. So collaborating in the interest of lessening the evil can not only be morally mistaken but can also lead to worse consequences overall.
Right at the heart of the matter is individual judgment. In his excellent Introduction to the newest edition of Eichmann in Jerusalem, the Israeli author Amos Elon talks about Arendt's response to the idea that it's essentially impossible to judge another's actions: if you weren't there, how can you know? Elon says of Arendt: "Her position is that if you say to yourself, 'Who am I to judge?' you are already lost." To do good -- even to avoid doing evil -- you have to think and judge for yourself.
But how often in the modern world do you hear that? "I can't say," "I wasn't there, so I don't know," and "Don't judge!"
The modern way of policing the new pro-collaboration is to call out independent thinkers for their diva-ism. Glenn Greenwald and Edward Snowden are called "narcissists" -- the idea being that people who go against the grain are somehow egotistical in the very act of thinking for themselves.
So remember kids: Collaboration, once a dirty word, still a dirty word.
Labels: academia, books, in the news, morality, movies, philosophy, politics, sociology
When It Comes To The Moral Problem, You Can Run, But You Can't Hide
Fricka and Wotan during a crucial negotiation, Die Valkyrie, Paris 2013
Warning: This post discusses moral theory, economics, and Wagner. If your brain has been softened by Mad Men binge watching, wake up! Sharpen your pencils!
I start this train of thought with the seemingly simple question, why ought people to play by the rules they've agreed to? Like, why should you keep your agreements and contracts if you could get away with fraud? Why should you put a stamp on a letter if you knew it would slip through the cracks?
I was prompted to think about this first by the question in The Ethicist about the guy who wanted to hand in one paper for credit in two different college classes. Chuck Klosterman, who seems like a nice guy but who definitely does not deserve to be called even "An Ethicist," never mind "The Ethicist," said there was no problem handing in one paper for more than one course.
This led to the predictable controversy and hand-wringing. OMG won't somebody think of the children?! At one point someone brought up the possibility that doing this was against university policy. And Klosterman said that was irrelevant: if there was a policy against gay sex, that would obviously not make gay sex immoral.
This did not, and does not, strike me as a suitable analogy. What kind of sex you're having is irrelevant to your education. But if the exam policy says "no talking to your fellow students about the questions," then of course talking to your fellow students about the questions is cheating, and wrong. It doesn't matter that talking to your fellow students about the questions is not wrong in itself.
So this got me thinking, what about all the ways you can get away with not playing by the rules? What about in commerce, trade, business?
It seems to me there are two possible answers to the question of why people ought to play by the rules, and I'm going to say that both of them require reflection on the deep and puzzling question of what is right and wrong.
If that's true, I think it's a pretty dramatic conclusion. Because it seems to entail, among other things, that you can't set up any economic system that doesn't ultimately rest on values - values which, of course, might be contentious. You can't just legislate order out of chaos.
Before we get to the two answers, we have to set aside an attempt to avoid the question by saying that not playing by the rules is in your own simple self-interest, because if you don't, you'll get caught and you won't be able to reap the benefits of cooperation and exchange. So the answer would be: don't play by the rules, you'll suffer for it, because the rest of us won't let you play.
But this rests on beliefs that seem empirically false. People get away with stuff all the time. I bet that kid got away with handing in one paper for two courses. I remember reading somewhere -- I thought it was the Freakonomics blog, but I can't find it -- about an economist who discovers that he can get away without stamping a letter, who then thinks, well, indeed, if I can do this, why am I buying stamps at all? Often it will be in your self-interest to break the rules.
So this, I set aside.
The first real answer answer is that you could say that since an agreement to play by the rules is like a promise, it's immoral to cheat, just as it's immoral to break a promise.
That's fine as far as it goes, but it doesn't go very far in the absence of moral theory. Economic reasoning uses rational choice theory, and rational choice theory says that people, insofar as they are rational, make choices based on fulfilling their own preferences at the least cost to themselves. So how could something's "being moral" be a good reason to do it?
One thing you hear about this is that because of our feeling and psychology, we get a "ping" of pleasure from doing the right thing. More formally, you might say that our moral feelings are there to shape our preferences toward doing the right thing.
But in the absence of a moral theory, this is question-begging, since the issue isn't whether we have those feelings, it's whether we ought to have to those feelings.
Feelings and preference are things you can act to foster or act to eliminate. For example, suppose you were born in a strict religious home, and you were taught that dancing was a sin, and you grew up to think that was stupid, and that dancing was great. You might have a leftover "feeling" against dancing. But clearly the right thing to do would be to "de-bias" yourself: try to get the feeling to go away.
Now, how would you know whether your inclination or preference for keeping your agreements and playing by the rules is one to foster and keep or one to get rid of? It's not obvious. The idea that morality is just for chumps is thousands of years old. If it is, you'd be better off seeking psychological treatment, drugs, or hypnotism to rid yourself of these irrational feelings of integrity.
Doc! I can't cheat! You gotta help me, doc!
The second answer -- well, it's not an answer so much as a way of thinking about the problem -- is that it's in the nature of rules that there have to be consequences for breaking them, and although such a system might not be perfect, it'll dissuade enough of the people enough of the time.
True enough. But notice how deeply morality is implicated in this answer. Is the punishment only for motivation? Can the punishment be unfair? What makes it unfair?
Worse, how do you make a system with an effective punishment system that isn't also a surveillance state with an all powerful person or institution at the top -- something to impose the order the system relies on?
I was pondering these questions as I went to see the four operas of Wagner's Ring cycle recently. Amazing, incredible; if you think Wagner is about metal breast plates please look again at the picture at the top of this post, depicting a crucial negotiation scene among the gods at Valhalla.
Anyway, in reading around about the operas, I came upon this excellent book review by philosopher Jerry Fodor, who brings up related thoughts about law and contracts. In particular, he argues that the Ring is largely about "a paradox" of law and order: "laws and contracts are obeyed when the cost of breaking them isn’t reckoned to be worth the benefits." It's in moments of passion that laws and contracts are needed, to preserve order. But when passions are intense -- when desire is in ascendance, when passion would "give anything to have its way," law and order must break down, precisely because the costs of compliance are now reckoned as astronomical.
So just when you need law and contracts to keep order, they cannot help but fail. It's related to the morality problem: the full version of the "why" can never be simply the rationality of agreements.
Fodor puts the conclusion beautifully: "So if it’s not law and it’s not love, what then, according to the Ring, is the solution of the problem of order? The Ring doesn’t offer one."
There just isn't any answer.
And by the way -- of course it would be unethical to hand in one paper for more than one class without permission. Duh!
Labels: desires, economics, love, opera, philosophy, rationality
From The Hot Best-Seller "What Went Wrong?": 2075 ...
The Omnipresence Of Politics Is The Omnipresence O...
When It Comes To The Moral Problem, You Can Run, B...
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Author: Dahlia Joseph
Gov. Jeb Bush Gets Personal on Addiction, Attacks Trump
Published by Dahlia Joseph on February 5, 2016
Derry, N.H., Feb. 5 – Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush is no stranger to talking about disability issues on the campaign trail, but on Thursday, he became emotional talking about the topic while sharing a personal story about his daughter’s struggle with addiction. “I think we need to look at…
Continue readingGov. Jeb Bush Gets Personal on Addiction, Attacks Trump
O’Malley, Rubio Pledge to Learn More About Higher Crime Rates Against People With Disabilities
Published by Dahlia Joseph on January 2, 2016
Des Moines, Iowa, Jan. 2 – People with disabilities are twice as likely to be victims of violent crime than people without disabilities, while people with disabilities between 12-15 and 35-49 are three times more likely to be victims of violent crimes. None of the presidential candidates has a plan…
Continue readingO’Malley, Rubio Pledge to Learn More About Higher Crime Rates Against People With Disabilities
Pataki: We are Failing our Veterans
Published by Dahlia Joseph on August 6, 2015
Cleveland, August 6 – Former Gov. George Pataki calls for more assistance for veterans who return with disabilities. “When I think now of people with disabilities, what really comes to mind are veterans,” the Republican presidential hopeful said in an interview with The RespectAbility Report. “We should be doing far…
Continue readingPataki: We are Failing our Veterans
Santorum Takes on AbilityOne: “A nation is judged by how it treats the most vulnerable in society”
Washington, August 3 – Former Sen. Rick Santorum is lashing out against AbilityOne, an organization supposed to be helping people with disabilities find jobs, for allegedly not using its taxpayer-designated money to do so. “As the father of a special needs little girl, I am sickened by these revelations,” the…
Continue readingSantorum Takes on AbilityOne: “A nation is judged by how it treats the most vulnerable in society”
Hoyer: We’ve come a long way, but we’re not there yet
Published by Dahlia Joseph on July 31, 2015
Washington, July 30 – “Yes we’ve come a far way, yes we’ve accomplished much, but we are strong in will to strive to seek to find and not to yield until we get to the real realization of that promise of the ADA and the promise of America,” Steny Hoyer…
Continue readingHoyer: We’ve come a long way, but we’re not there yet
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Arts and culture stars who died in 2019
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(Image credit: Alamy)
BBC Culture writers and editors pay tribute to the cultural luminaries we lost this year.
(Credit: Alamy)
For all that he’s hardly a household name, Robert Frank was arguably one of the most influential photographers of the 20th Century: an artist who redefined what documentary photography looked like, and changed our view of the US, his adopted homeland, for good. Though Frank’s career stretched across the best part of five decades, he will always be remembered for The Americans, a photobook record of road journeys he made criss-crossing America in the mid-1950s. Eighty-three black-and-white pictures, captured in locations as far-flung as New Jersey and Santa Fe, The Americans caused outrage in the US for its unvarnished portraits of America and its people, and for its unblinking portrayal of racism and rural poverty. But, for all its political bite, it is the urgent beauty of Frank’s work that stays with you – captured on the fly, these images are by turns intimate, poignant, joyous and scaldingly sad. No one had a sharper eye than Frank for the cracks in the paintwork of the American Dream; or a kinder one. He died on 9 September aged 94. (AD)
Novelist, essayist, playwright and songwriter, Toni Morrison, who died on 5 August at the age of 88, was a titan. Born Chloe Ardelia Wofford in Ohio in 1931, she fell for literature early, and initially embarked on a career in academia, and then publishing. Her autobiographical first novel, The Bluest Eye, was published in 1970, but her best-known novel remains Beloved, based on the true story of a runaway slave who killed her daughter rather than let her be recaptured. Morrison’s might as a chronicler of the African-American experience lies not in her work’s intense lyricism but in her determination not to avert her gaze, and she leaves behind pages of indelible, ever-necessary images. She remains the only African-American writer – and one of all too few women – to have won the Nobel Prize for Literature. (HA)
Finney was more than simply a brilliant performer – rather, as one of a wave of working-class actors who rose to the top in the 1960s, he helped revolutionise the profession. The son of a Salford bookmaker, he went to Rada, and after leaving, quickly excelled on the stage in Shakespeare, among other things. The film role that made his name was rather less classical, however: as one of the era’s iconic ‘angry young men’, Arthur Seaton in 1960’s Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, he had a raw, visceral screen charisma to burn. Another career-making part as the roguish lead in Tony Richardson’s 1963 adaptation of Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones followed, gaining him the first of five Oscar nominations.
Throughout his career, Finney avoided typecasting. His versatility was shown in the range of his performances, from his ripe turns as Hercule Poirot in 1974’s star-studded Murder on the Orient Express, and as an embittered thespian in the 1983 adaptation of Ronald Harwood’s The Dresser, to his more understated work as the cuckolded Classics master in the 1994 take on Terence Rattigan’s The Browning Version, and a kindly, world-weary lawyer in Erin Brockovich (2000). One of his last great performances came on the small screen: in the BBC/HBO drama The Gathering Storm, he played Winston Churchill to formidable effect. He died on 7 February, aged 82. (HM)
Scott Walker’s music could be sweetly melodic or utterly startling; it always exuded a strange allure. Born Noel Scott Engel in the US, he relocated to Britain in the mid-60s, initially seizing fame as frontman of The Walker Brothers, whose distinctly poignant strain of pop yielded classics including The Sun Ain’t Gonna Shine (Anymore) and their version of Make It Easy On Yourself; he also hosted his own TV show. Scott Walker’s vocals – richly brooding, often arch – always remained unmistakeable, but his repertoire constantly evolved, moving into increasingly experimental realms through his solo records (such as the surreal serenades of 1969’s hypnotic Scott 4) and collaborations. He was an enigmatic figure, and retired from live performance (even when he curated London’s Meltdown Festival in 2000), yet he was no recluse; he worked with indie acts including Pulp, Bat For Lashes and Seattle avant rockers Sunn O))), was cited as an influence by David Bowie, and continued to release evocative, unpredictable work, whether wielding industrial showtunes (Bish Bosch, 2012) or composing sleek movie scores (Vox Lux, 2018). By the time of his death, aged 76, Walker had established his own creative scene, without limits. (AH)
“I’m playing the part of a little old lady,” Agnès Varda says in her wise, lyrical memoir-as-film The Beaches of Agnes (2008). By then the New Wave pioneer had become the beloved granny of cinema, known for fiction and non-fiction alike. No wonder she has more films in BBC Culture’s poll of the Greatest Films Directed by Women than anyone else. Her astonishing range went beyond gender, though, with films that remain startling in their intimacy, innovation and social resonance. Cléo from 5 to 7 (1962) is a graceful New Wave classic about a woman confronting mortality. One Sings, the Other Doesn’t (1977) is a feminist anthem dealing with abortion. In documentaries, like The Gleaners and I (2000), Varda appears on screen, a curious, inviting presence. And Jacquot de Nantes (1991), about her husband, director Jacques Demy, is a beautiful hybrid of memory and fiction. She was creative to the end. Her white hair with a bright red border perfectly captured how Varda acknowledged age but resisted its power to stop her. She died on 29 March at the age of 90. (CJ)
Peter Fonda
The son of Henry, brother of Jane, and father of Bridget, Peter Fonda worked steadily for decades, and was Oscar-nominated for his sensitive performance in Ulee’s Gold (1997). But he will always be associated with the counterculture of the 1960s, when a remark of his – “I know what it’s like to be dead” – was used by John Lennon in The Beatles’ She Said She Said. His defining role was as a philosophical biker in Easy Rider (1969), the radical semi-improvised road movie he made with Dennis Hopper and Jack Nicholson. He had enough humour and self-awareness to pastiche that role in Ghost Rider and Wild Hogs (both 2007), among other films, in which his square-jawed Californian handsomeness was as striking as ever. He died on 16 August, aged 79. (NB)
In Judith Kerr’s last interview, she told The Guardian her guiltiest pleasure was to drink the dregs of whisky from the night before. Published just days before her death, this cheeky, charming statement was textbook Kerr, symbolic of the character of much of her work. Most famous for her children’s books The Tiger Who Came to Tea and the 17-title Mog series, Kerr spent most of her life in the UK, having fled from Germany with her Jewish family when she was 13. She won a scholarship to the Central School of Art and Design, and wrote more than 30 books, many of which she also illustrated. She was appointed OBE in 2012 for services to children’s literature and Holocaust education, received a lifetime achievement award from the British literary charity BookTrust, and in the week before her death, was named illustrator of the year at the British Book Awards. In a radical move for a children’s author, Kerr wrote Goodbye Mog in 2002, in which the beloved feline dies. In an interview about the book, she told The Guardian “I’m coming up to 80… and you begin to think about those who are going to be left… I just wanted to say: Remember. Remember me. But do get on with your lives.” She died on 22 May at the age of 95. (AC)
João Gilberto, celebrated as the founding father of Brazilian bossa nova (‘new wave’), and known as O Mito (‘the legend’) had an unusually commanding way with melodies. His softly persuasive vocals and gently lilting guitar rhythms were also fantastically insistent, becoming synonymous with the Carioca chic of 60s Rio de Janeiro. Gilberto himself had been born in Bahia, and also forged a significant bond with US jazz musicians, notably saxophonist Stan Getz (with whom he recorded a series of classic albums), but Rio was the hotbed of his sound, which merged traditional roots such as samba with a contemporary energy. His collaborations with Antônio Carlos Jobim took bossa nova to an international audience, and inspired further Brazilian innovators, such as Caetano Veloso; his 1958 version of Chega de Saudade (‘No More Blues’, with lyrics by Vinicius de Moraes) was a crossover smash, and his most legendary track was arguably The Girl From Ipanema, notably a version sung by his then-wife Astrud Gilberto. Gilberto’s dreamy brilliance lingers, like a cool breeze across pop culture. He died on 6 July, at the age of 88. (AH)
Doris Day (Credit: Alamy)
Doris Day’s image was so wholesome that even her sex comedies were innocent. Those movies seem quaint now, but in the 1950s and 60s they made her one of Hollywood’s biggest box-office stars. In films like Pillow Talk (1959), Rock Hudson tried to seduce her and never succeeded. The attempt alone was racy for its time. Day started as a singer, whose 1945 hit recording of Sentimental Journey established her style, expressively bringing out the emotions of the lyrics. On screen she brought warmth and freckle-faced girl-next-door naturalness to dozens of films, including the musicals Calamity Jane (1953), and The Pajama Game (1957). Atypically, she starred in Alfred Hitchcock’s thriller The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956). Her character’s background as a singer gave Day an excuse to perform Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be Will Be), which became a pop hit and her signature song. Day said her purer-than-snow image was “more make-believe than any film part I ever played,” but it endeared her to generations of fans. She died on 13 May at the age of 97. (CJ)
With his trademark dark glasses, fingerless gloves and white ponytail, Karl Lagerfeld was a master of self-mythology. He was also a genius of design – bringing his irreverent alchemy to all he touched. Born in Hamburg, he moved to Paris as a teenager, and, untrained, worked his way up in fashion. He became creative director of Fendi, and then, from 1983, of Chanel. He transformed the venerable house, and created spectacular catwalk shows. Vogue supremo Anna Wintour said of him: “He represents the soul of fashion: restless, forward-looking and voraciously attentive to our changing culture.” He was well-known for his pithy declarations, among them “Sweatpants are a sign of defeat,” and “I’m very much down to Earth. Just not this Earth.” He died on 15 February at the age of 85. (LB)
John Singleton was only 23 when his debut, 1991’s Boyz n the Hood, broke new ground in its depiction of ghetto life in South Central Los Angeles. Calling himself “the first film-maker from the hip-hop generation”, he also became the first African-American ever to be nominated for the best director Oscar, and he remains the youngest ever nominee in that category. Singleton went on to direct action movies which appealed more to multiplex audiences than to awards voters (Shaft, 2 Fast 2 Furious), and his career tailed off in the last decade, making it all the sadder that he died at just 51, on 28 April, before he had the chance to make the comeback he deserved. (NB)
The US operatic soprano Jessye Norman was renowned for her glorious poise and technical prowess, but she also delivered iconic roles and recitals from Purcell to Bizet, Beethoven and Verdi with an exceptional warmth and emotive drama. She would recollect her Deep South upbringing in her acclaimed 2014 memoir, Stand Up Straight And Sing!, and she also committed to providing inclusive opportunities for youth, by co-founding the free Jessye Norman School for the Arts in her birthplace of Augusta, Georgia. Norman’s numerous legendary performances included her 1989 Bastille Day bicentenary appearance – wrapped in a Tricolour robe, singing La Marseillaise (broadcast to a global audience of around 500 million); she performed Amazing Grace at an anti-apartheid concert marking Mandela’s 70th birthday; she graced ceremonies for presidents and royalty, and her many accolades included a lifetime achievement Grammy (2006). Norman’s immaculate high art appealed emphatically to the heart. She died on 30 September at the age of 74. (AH)
The Dutch actor, is of course, best known for one role: the replicant Roy Batty in Ridley Scott’s film Blade Runner. And his place in cinema history is assured by one iconic, climactic scene in that sci-fi classic: where his dying cyborg character declares in a heart-rending final monologue that all his memories will be lost like “tears in rain”. It’s a parting shot all the more poignant for the fact that the key lines were written by Hauer himself.
That beautiful moment aside, Hauer had a prolific and eclectic career right up until the end. He first made his name in the 1970s in his home country, forming a rich working relationship with director Paul Verhoeven. His US debut came as the villain in the 1981 Sylvester Stallone thriller Nighthawks, before Blade Runner then firmly put him on the Hollywood map, leading to other memorable roles as a psychopathic hitch-hiker in The Hitcher (1986), and an atypically heroic turn in fantasy drama Ladyhawke (1985). In recent times, he became something of a b-movie icon, mixing cameos in the likes of Sin City and Batman Begins with innumerable roles in grindhouse-style thrillers and horrors. But whatever the scale of the project, Hauer’s intense energy made everything he did never less than compelling. He died on 19 July, aged 75. (HM)
Robert Evans
As the head of production at Paramount Pictures, and then as an independent producer, Robert Evans oversaw some of the greatest films of the 1960s and 70s, including The Godfather, Chinatown and Rosemary’s Baby. But he was almost as famous for a private life, which epitomised the sleazier side of Hollywood glamour. By the time of his death on 26 October at the age of 89, he had been married seven times, been convicted of cocaine-trafficking, and had inspired numerous fictional wheeler-dealers, including Saul Goodman in Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul. His personal and professional lives came together in The Kid Stays in the Picture (2002), a documentary adapted from his wry tell-all memoir. It was one of the most entertaining of all the films to benefit from his contributions. (NB)
Andrea Levy
Andrea Levy didn’t start writing until her 30s and published just six books, but her fiction won a wide readership, and had an outsize impact on British publishing, forcibly demonstrating that stories with black protagonists could have universal appeal. Born in 1956 to Jamaican immigrants of mixed descent, and raised in a north London council flat, her awareness of her own ethnicity was awakened by a racist slight in young adulthood. It brought urgency to her warm, funny prose, and galvanised her award-winning break-out novel, Small Island, which gave an irrepressible voice to the Windrush generation of which her parents were a part. It has since sold over a million copies in the UK alone. Levy died on 14 February at the age of 62. (HA)
IM Pei
(Credit: Getty Images)
IM Pei was a Chinese-American architect whose bold geometries and dazzling use of glass and concrete earned him great acclaim. Born in Canton in 1917, Pei grew up in Shanghai, then studied architecture in the US, where he stayed. Among his most famous buildings are the beautifully-crafted, modernist East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC, and the sharp, sky-high Hancock Tower in Boston. In 1983 he won the Pritzker Prize, often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture. In 1989, the Louvre Pyramid was completed, and the stunning glass-and-metal structure has since become a famous Paris landmark. Pei said: “If there’s one thing I know I didn’t do wrong, it’s the Louvre.” He died on 16 May at the age of 102. (LB)
O’Neill was a photographer from another era: a member of the British Fleet Street paparazzi who rose from photographing celebrities to become a kind of celebrity himself. A jobbing snapper who found that his Cockney gift of the gab meant he could charm rich and famous folk into posing for him, O’Neill photographed anyone who was anyone in the 1960s and 70s. Among those he shot were The Rolling Stones, Sinatra, Brigitte Bardot, Raquel Welch, Elvis, David Bowie and a small galaxy of starlets (a number of whom, he liked to boast, also ended up in his bed). As well as his instinct for finding a fresh angle that could jump off a magazine page, it was O’Neill’s talent for photographic flattery that paid off. Though his images are often candid – a moody Bowie dwarfed by his barking dog, Faye Dunaway hanging out with her Oscar by the pool – his subjects never lose their all-important allure. He died on 16 November at the age of 81. (AD)
One of America’s most popular poets, and certainly its bestselling, Mary Oliver was born in 1935 in Cleveland, Ohio, where the need to escape a dysfunctional childhood made her first a reader and then a writer. Her muse was the natural world, and over a career spanning more than 50 years and laurels aplenty, she hymned the owls and frogs and wild geese of New England, where she settled with her lifelong partner, the photographer Molly Malone Cook. The sheer accessibility of her generous work sometimes made critics leery, but beneath its calm surface there pulses a luminous life force, and it wasn’t unusual for fans to credit her with teaching them how to live. She died on 17 January at the age of 83. (HA)
Director Stanley Donen made the camera his dance partner, and helped shape the singing, dancing, gleeful Hollywood musical at its best. His films include some of the most iconic moments on screen. Co-directing with Gene Kelly, he turned splashing around in puddles into the joyful Singin’ in the Rain (1952). As a solo director, he had Fred Astaire dancing on the ceiling in Royal Wedding (1951), and singing to Audrey Hepburn in Funny Face (1957). His musicals were groundbreaking in the fluid way he made choreography and songs truly cinematic. In the 1960s, he directed sophisticated dramas, two with Hepburn, the thriller Charade (1963) and the bittersweet marital saga Two for the Road (1967). Inspired by watching Astaire on screen, Donen arrived in Hollywood as an aspiring dancer, but his best move was to glide behind the camera. He died on 21 Feb at the age of 94. (CJ)
The French composer Michel Legrand created some of most memorable, romantically lush film scores of the past 50 years. If you happen to hear The Windmills of Your Mind and it lingers in your head, you’re hearing Legrand’s legacy. He won an Academy Award for that song, from The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), and for the scores of Summer of ‘42 (1971) and, in a less romantic vein, Barbara Streisand’s Yentl (1983). Beyond Hollywood, he was a prolific pianist, arranger, accompanist and singer throughout his long career. He began as a jazz pianist and arranger, whose acclaimed 1958 album Legrand Jazz featured performances from some of the greats, including Miles Davis and John Coltrane. From the 1960s on, he composed elegant scores for his friends in the French New Wave. Jacques Demy's musical The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) includes what would become one of Legrand’s most famous songs, I Will Wait for You. Like so much of his music, its melody, full of yearning and heartbreak, lingers. He died on 26 January at the age of 86. (CJ)
Written by: Hephzibah Anderson, Lindsay Baker, Nicholas Barber, Amy Charles, Andy Dickson, Arwa Haider, Caryn James and Hugh Montgomery.
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Transatlantic Security, Defence and Strategy: Badly Needed Reforms
Peter M.E. Volten
University of Groningen, the Netherlands
DOI: 10.20991/allazimuth.167333
All Azimuth V4, N1, 2017, 51-58
This text was originally in the form of a presentation, and has been lightly edited for publication.
This year we celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the downfall of communism in Europe, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War. Students who started their post-secondary education this year were born about seven years after this anniversary, in 1996. And the freshmen of 1990 are now in their early forties. In Europe, the latter generation is about to take on political leadership and may still be aware of the ‘Idea of Europe’ as advocated by one of the fathers of the European Union, Jean Monnet: “No more war on this continent; we will build institutions and peace instead.” Today’s enrolling students probably do not remember this forceful idea; nor do they realise the significance of this inspiring idea in overcoming great difficulties to achieve a peaceful, democratic and prosperous EU. The freshmen of today may take this for granted while being rather more disturbed by the confusing world of globalisation, populist slogans such as ‘The War on Terror’, multilevel governance and a rippled sense of direction and political effectiveness in the EU or, for that matter, NATO; in other words, throughout the transatlantic world.
For my generation, security, defence and strategy were relatively easy to understand. Realism and Cold War logic prevailed <em>vis-à-</em>vis a pacifist and rather weak opposition. But then all of a sudden we had to adapt ourselves to post-Cold War circumstances. We tried, but with mixed results. What about our experiences in the former Yugoslavia and Afghanistan, not to mention Iraq or today, Ukraine? However, the next generation at the political helm will face an even more demanding job because of the sheer <em>complexity</em> of security and strategy and because of the need for some radical changes in our approaches to both of these concepts.
Today, I deal with this complexity throughout my presentation, while addressing two questions in particular: “What has been done in the face of the new challenges?” and “What is still being neglected?” In trying to understand some of the reasons for and causes of the mixed results ‒ some might say failures ‒ I attempt to explain why things happened as they did. Furthermore, I try to answer some questions raised by the analysis and make some suggestions about what could or should have been done to remedy the failures and improve the outcomes. In the end, we may offer suggestions on what the next generation of political and security leaders in the West should try to do.
I am not here to criticise past decisions. Security policy is difficult to begin with, and developing a sound strategy towards it is very difficult. Strategy presents guidance to achieve certain objectives. It represents the realm between the political and military dimensions of security. By definition, strategy entails conflict; political and military considerations are of a different order and cannot always be reconciled. Moreover, political-strategic and military-strategic considerations do not always remain in the distinct spheres of political leadership on the one hand or military leadership on the other. History shows countless examples where political leaders have been inclined to follow a military-strategic approach, relying on military force for problem solving. For example, Saddam Hussein was a problem for most neo-cons in the US and was simply defeated by the vastly superior US armed forces. But US political objectives in Iraq have always been troublesome, if not absent. Therefore, a political defeat of the US in that case was practically unavoidable. In fact, the political complexities of Iraq ruled out the popular, albeit short-sighted, military problem-solving approach in favour of tempting but ineffective quick fixes by military means.
Military-strategic thinking is of course a European legacy. While Western Europe was trying to make the principally <em>political </em>Idea of Europe work, relations with Eastern Europe were rigorously dominated by military-strategic concerns. Actually, there hardly were <em>relations</em> in, for example, the economic field; there was military confrontation between East and West. Security and defence were practically synonyms, something that was never the case conceptually. Everybody spoke about defence policy. NATO itself was a defence organisation wary of security politics. Arms control was about all we did in our diplomatic efforts. Negotiations were suspiciously monitored by the military, such as at Checkpoint Charlie on the West German side of the border.
It does not come as a surprise then that a defence organisation with a prevailing military-strategic culture is not well-prepared for taking up new missions such as those in the former Yugoslavia. Those missions, soon called “peace-keeping missions”, were useful for legitimising sizable armed forces and the ongoing existence of the Alliance. “Out of area or out of business” was how NATO’s Secretary-General Manfred Wörner aptly formulated the danger of doing nothing. Indeed, troops for peace-keeping were sent to Bosnia with 100 per cent backing by, for example, the Dutch Parliament and the Dutch Army, who, in turn, were eager to show their indispensable contribution to restoring stability in that troubled European backyard. Some countries were somewhat more reluctant, but with the support of the UN Security Council, peace-keeping was legitimate and seen as the right thing to do. The intentions were good. The cause for human rights and humanitarian assistance was a moral and rightful duty, as it was widely perceived in the West.
Yet preparations for the mission were poor. Commanders, both in country capitals and in the field, had limited knowledge about the region and the nature of the raging conflict. The role of diplomat-soldier was unknown and unforeseen, as was the fact that peace-keeping runs the risk of mission-creep; the mission can turn into dangerous peace-enforcing. Indeed, mistakes did take place. The drama of Srebrenica in 1995 was not the fault of any person or institution in particular. Nonetheless, Milosovic and other bad guys were seen as a problem that could be handled by traditional military forces. A military fix of an essentially political problem. One should add, though, that the Western powers were pretty much divided on what to do, and that, for example, the EU Commissioner for External Affairs, Hans van den Broek, was negotiating with his hands bound behind his back. Four years after Srebrenica, NATO was still not willing to deploy forces on the ground and bombed Serbia out of business after more than 70 days of an intense air campaign. “Winning ugly”, as the scholar-strategist Ivo Daalder (who later became the US Ambassador to NATO) described the campaign. Bombing as a tactic of attrition is not exactly a strategy deserving that qualification. The use of military force, however powerful it may be, cannot be the exclusive answer in a post-Westphalian, post-Cold War world order. A Cold War defence policy no longer equals a security policy. Defence forces deployed in traditional formations with an array of conventional weaponry such as tanks, artillery and APCs, are much less relevant than in the past. In the broader understanding of security, they have in a number of cases become irrelevant altogether.
Colonial wars in Africa and Asia are a case in point, as is the war in Vietnam. The superior armed forces of the colonial power did not bring victory. Among the factors working against the traditional type of warfare, we should list the greater determination of indigenous forces and their hit-and-run tactics (which prevent them from becoming vulnerable targets for massive firepower) and, perhaps above all, the support of the people, the nationalists or freedom fighters. You cannot get at the enemy and you cannot get him down. Fighting terrorists is even more difficult, since they are not territory-bound. Moreover, they do not seek a victory on the ground as the anti-colonial freedom fighters did. Conventional battle groups are not the right answer against the actions of insurgent fighters, globally dispersed. They may be necessary, but they are never sufficient for a successful campaign. The centre of gravity that must be attacked for a decisive victory against guerrilla fighters and insurgents is not defined by a concentration of military power, as in classical warfare.
Maoist guerrilla warfare and today’s insurgent and global terrorist actions are first and foremost <em>political</em>. Guerrillas and insurgents seek to undermine their enemy in the long run, in particular by creating popular support for their case. The shocking effects of the so-called propaganda of the deed – <em>action directe</em> - is meant to mobilise more people who are willing to sacrifice their lives and to communicate the impact of the violence to a wider audience sensitive to the cause of insurgents. The use of media is thereby an essential tool. Besides the use of modern means of communication, purposeful violence is meant to create a genuine security problem. The political issue at stake must be securitised for the target audience. At the same time, terrorist violence seeks counter-action by the attacked, if possible, a violent overreaction. The war against Iraq was such a military-operational overreaction, which unintentionally, albeit effectively, played into the hands of political Islam and its crusaders. Violent counter-insurgency furthers the case of the insurgents. In Iraq itself, the tragic number of deaths and wounded among the population and the impossibility for the Americans to ally themselves with one or the other representative of the Islamist belief, were bound to undermine the position of the US regionally and globally. Retreat was sooner or later inevitable.
Obviously, a security problem that is essentially political must be addressed as such in the first place. This is not to say that the utility of military force has completely vanished. Of course not. But the military-strategic view should not be the primary or sole response, but one embedded in the political context. The fact is that no military action should be undertaken without political and/or military support on the ground. Even with such support, the decision remains difficult and the outcome always uncertain, as we have seen in the case of Western support for the Libyan rebels against Gaddafi. Moreover, the battle cannot be left to foreign troops. Sooner or later, they are likely to be seen as occupiers.
Respect some golden rules. One, if you cannot do it, don’t start military assistance and do have at least a good exit strategy. Two, if you do not have clear political objectives, don’t even think about it, as Clausewitz taught us. The greatest philosopher of war would never have agreed with the war in Iraq; nor would he have been a likely supporter of the war in Afghanistan. A real strategist would have listened to Clausewitz and should have said “No,” as, indeed, some states did in the case of Iraq. No matter how strong we appear in military terms (at least in our own eyes), political-strategic considerations should prevail. These considerations should include a thorough knowledge and solid analysis of the forces one is going to engage. Make sure that you have a good understanding of their culture and their political motives as well as a clear view on the warring parties. All these elements were insufficiently known in Bosnia, totally lacking in Iraq, and painfully forgotten in Afghanistan, with ominous neglect of the colonial as well as the Soviet-era history of that country.
Let me be fair and say that in hindsight it is easier to come to these conclusions than it was at the time of action. Sometimes you have to do something. Bosnia is an example of the need to do <em>something</em>, which was generally felt by the so-called international community. And in the end, a reasonable stability has been established in the region with the prospect of Western assistance and EU integration. And look at Mali today. The French government decided in January 2013 that the advance of Muslim groups and Jihad terror had to be stopped. Also, the danger of a terrorist base from which European countries could be or would be attacked was seen as a valid reason to do something. The French moved swiftly and took advantage of military-strategic surprise. They had forces in the region and combat capabilities ready for deployment in Mali. From the very beginning they enlisted the Malian army. No matter its deplorable state, it meant indigenous support. In addition, the armed forces from neighbouring countries in the African Union were asked to assist, as was the UN, by contributing a military unit. Eventually, the EU was engaged in training the security forces of Mali. Some individual countries, such as the Netherlands, are supporting the French combat units in ways such as gathering intelligence and delivering transport ‒ of course under the flag of the United Nations. In other words, the mission was welcomed on the ground and supported by regional forces and international organisations. Of course, it remains to be seen how successful Mali’s defence organisation will be and when external powers will be able to leave security policy to the proper national authorities.
So, the utility of military force cannot be disregarded that easily. But the use of the armed forces alone cannot bring a decisive victory, as happened in some historic battles as an essential means for the goals of <em>warfare</em>. Today, military force is much more explicit in shaping the right conditions for <em>politics’</em> objectives. You cannot eliminate the Jihadists, but you can complicate their mission with the help of force.
There is a caveat to this post-modernist logic of strategy, though. What about the fact that Jihadists, active in Western Europe, are often not recruited in Mali or Afghanistan, but at home? They are often well-educated citizens in the West. Clearly, the utility of military force is seriously in doubt in this case. Here, we need intelligence services and police and law enforcement authorities, not the armed forces and their battle groups. By and large, counter-insurgency is not terribly well served by regular armed forces. Intelligence services are the logical choice to go after an invisible or hiding threat. Indeed, the utility of military force has dwindled in both international security policy and safety at home. The security problems have changed and the security institutions should follow this reality.
To change institutions and the way of thinking proves to be a daunting task. If one looks at the changes since the end of the Cold War as regards force structures in NATO, for example, one is struck by the slow pace of genuine reform. Please take note: reform is not the same as downsizing. Reform needs a concept; downsizing is merely a struggle between vested interests. Looking at military inventories or forces, it seems that the state of the national economy and the temper or personality of a finance minister are more important than anything in the realm of strategy. The peace dividend was quickly cashed and today, a balanced budget is overruling the sparse protest of a weakened security community, not to mention the apathy of the public at large. That is what we saw in Eastern and Central Europe in a dramatic way after 1989, and since 2008 in Western and Southern Europe as well. Just a few examples: Czechoslovakia had no fewer than 4000 main battle tanks in 1989 (the Netherlands 900). Twenty years later the Czech Republic and Slovakia had 245 and 180 tanks, respectively. Still a lot. (The Netherlands had 60 by then.) In 2013 these numbers were cut back to 30 tanks in each country, thanks to the economic crisis, we must assume. (Today the Netherlands has zero tanks because of the conviction that we cannot do anything useful with them.) In France and Germany we counted 1340 and 5000 main battle tanks in 1989. Twenty years later there are still 640 tanks in France and no fewer than 2000 in Germany. Today, after the six years of financial and economic troubles, these numbers are down to 250 in France and 322 tanks in Germany.
The situation as regards combat aircraft – a very expensive weapons system – is also radical. The numbers have been by and large cut in half in Western Europe, but in the Eastern part of Europe been reduced to 20 to 25 per cent of the inventory of 1989. Defence-spending levels also decreased significantly over the first 20 years since 1989, but drastically over the past three years. Overall spending in Europe decreased by 7.4 per cent, but varied significantly among the individual member states of NATO. Of course, the absolute levels are very different. France and the UK are big spenders, relatively speaking, with some $52 billion and $57 billion in 2013. Romania spends barely $2.5 billion; Poland some $9 billion.
But what kind of combat power do the countries get for their defence money? They spent between at least 50 and 60 per cent on personnel; in Romania even up to 80 per cent. Acquisition is troublesome and modernisation is very expensive, for everybody. The rich Netherlands will spend almost a full year’s defence budget for less than half the originally planned Joint Strike Fighters – 39 instead of 80, which it could no longer afford. Others are struggling with their budgets even more and thus get stuck with old equipment. In Romania there is still an impressive number of main battle tanks (437). Yet, 250 of them are T-55s, a model produced in the 1960s and 1970s, and some 130 are TR-580s and TR-85s, models from the 1980s and 1990s. There were a meagre 54 TR M1 tanks produced in this century. I am not going to bother you with fighter aircraft in Europe. This is simply an example among many others and true for many member states.
This is not to say that the West does not spend enough money on defence. The US spends around $700 billion and deploys over 8000 tanks, 25,000 armoured vehicles and over 13,000 aircraft. The EU spends almost $200 billion and fields 6500 main battle tanks, 46,000 armoured vehicles and some 2000 combat aircraft. One must ask: What are armed forces for? There is no question that the West as a whole does spend enough, say <em>vis-à-vis</em> the Russian Federation, with her modest $70 billion defence spending. We drastically outspend Russia, while there is no doubt about her dated inventory. Moreover, this dubious inventory is significantly outnumbered by NATO’s. Therefore, the Pavlov reaction of NATO officials and member states to increase national defence efforts in response to the Russian annexation of Crimea and aggression towards Ukraine is not really justified. The point is that we do not spend our money “wisely”, as Lord Robertson put it when he was Secretary-General of NATO. The real problem is that Western defence organisations and member-states pay too much for a number of disputed capabilities of <em>defence </em>and too little for some other and less-disputed issues of <em>security</em>. Let me dwell a little on both views.
First, we do not get much value for defence money after years of unguided, haphazard downsizing across the board. The bedrock success of NATO, namely integrated planning, has been disregarded, if not given up. Instead we are witnessing uncoordinated, national decisions – not even strict planning – and this has led to fragmentation of the common output. Individual capabilities have become very costly in maintenance and overhead and too small for robust and sustainable combat power. With the exceptions of France and the UK, no European ally can field an independent, sizable battle group for a long period of time. It should be noted that France and the UK also need support from the US as to capacities such as intelligence, target acquisition, airlift and in-flight refuelling. Individual, national capabilities impede the deployment of coherent and balanced international forces. The EU was not capable of putting together the Rapid Reaction Force of 60,000 men as envisaged years ago, in spite of the fact the member states have more than a million men altogether. By the same token, the EU has never offered one of its Battle Groups of 2500 men to any mission, Mali included, where the much-acclaimed units would have been more than welcome.
Communiqués of both NATO and EU meetings call time and again for more cooperation and smart planning, but to no avail. Ministers return home and are more inclined to comply with domestic politics. Even the EU summit in December 2013 ridiculed the much-heralded agenda on defence by addressing the issue for less than an hour, notwithstanding the fact that was the first discussion on the subject in five years. The communiqué is dull reading; many old wishes, good intentions, but no commitments to genuine action and reform. Back home, very few people asked for an explanation. In general, defence issues are already years down the list of priorities, both for parliamentarians and the public at large. The Ukraine crisis is unlikely to be a real wake-up call for the same reason.
As regards issues that are not so important in a strictly military sense and yet are put on the agenda of defence issues, particularly in NATO, cyber security stands out as an example. Recently, the Alliance even applied Article 5 to the case of a cyber attack ‒ as if an attack would stand on its own and nothing else would happen in a political-strategic sense. Moreover, there is no compelling reason why NATO as a defence organisation should take on such tasks.
This is not to say that the subject is not important. Far from it. But it makes much more sense to have a civilian body, as the EU does, to oversee a given problem and only then to address the specific military aspects of cyber warfare. But NATO has not evolved as a more political organisation – on purpose for some allies – and a civilian and comprehensive approach to security is underdeveloped. Therefore, NATO has made itself much less relevant in the post-Cold War environment than it should be, as, for example, her very modest role during the Maidan crisis has shown. Bringing up issues such as a cyber attack is not going to give the Alliance more relevance; rather, it makes NATO look silly.
When we turn to some issues that are not disputed but insufficiently discussed, we should first mention the priority of the political-strategic approach. Again, NATO as an outspoken defence organisation puts too many restraints on herself. Interdependence has grown immensely ‒ financially, economically ‒ but also in terms of employment and education, migration and humanitarian concerns and the like. The military-strategic approach is certainly not absent and should not be ignored. As said before, the European countries should do more as regards the combat power of their armed forces. They must strengthen the output of defence expenditures for expeditionary missions and redress the by-now-serious neglect of a common European defence force. The two go hand in hand; without robust defence forces, expeditionary missions are wishful thinking.
All the same, even the nineteenth-century behaviour of Putin in his campaign to grab land in Crimea was not primarily a military-strategic threat. With tens of thousands Russian soldiers on the ground and huge indigenous support, Putin posed everybody for a political <em>fait accompli</em>. He did not need to send regular combat units and infiltrated the peninsula with so-called self-defence forces without Russian insignia. In the Eastern part of Ukraine, fear of Russian domination was not created by the threat of a military invasion, but by pro-Russian demonstrators and self-proclaimed regional and local administrators and, indeed, sneaky Special Forces. Military exercises near the border increased pressure on Ukraine leadership to eventually consider more regional autonomy or federalisation. Putin’s objectives were political-strategic. His calculations of costs and benefits were part of an interdependent world and, rightly or wrongly, he seemed to accept the likely setbacks in his international position, perhaps putting his bet on the temporary nature of Western sanctions and feeble Western cohesion. For Putin, the stakes are high as regards the loss of the Soviet empire. Indeed, the significance of Ukraine’s choice as to its place in Europe is incomparably higher for Putin than for the West. Interdependence of interests does not mean symmetry of interests, however. Ukraine as part of Russia’s sphere of influence is an essential political-strategic goal for Putin. The military capabilities of the West are unlikely to bring this asymmetry of interest back into balance. However, the Western preponderance of military power showed the usefulness of defence against conventional aggression. Ultimately, deterring a large-scale conventional incursion in Ukraine worked, in this case by the possibility of air superiority and denying entry of Russian fighter aircraft into Ukrainian airspace.
All the same, most security concerns depend on things other than defence forces, including in the transatlantic world. Security involves disputed political, economic, social and other issues that can lead to violent behaviour and the threat of using violence. That is how the former Yugoslavia exploded. The differences between regions, ethnic groups and economic circumstances had grown too big. The outcry “Enough is enough!” was the popular response to the problems in Ukraine. Anti-democratic measures, concessions favouring Russia and the decision against EU association, all imposed by Yanoukovich, were too much for the people. All together, the autocratic and corrupt regime brought insecurity for large parts of the population, particularly for that essential part of a vibrant state, the civil society. Rampant corruption, despicable inequalities, poverty, powerlessness, betrayal, etc. justified Maidan and the demise of the president, if necessary with violent resistance against the interior forces of public order. Ukraine does not stand alone in this kind of experience of what security is. Indeed, future security issues are likely to mirror such concerns, and we may add some others, such as water shortage, environmental threats, climate change, land degradation and unrelenting suppression and violence by domestic rulers.
Security is not a matter of ‘normal’ political conflict, but of conflict that runs out of arguments and eventually out of control. You no longer want to argue since there is no reasonable response and, therefore, the threat of using violent means and violence itself are legitimised, at least in the eyes of the desperate actors in conflict. These matters have little to do with military-strategic considerations. Unstable and failed states are looking for a political-strategic approach, for economic or social security as a precondition for individual and national development. Of course, police and armed forces are effective means against political insurgents, as we have seen after the so-called Arab Springs. But such intra-national ‘solutions’ based on domestic politics are not suitable for international military interventions <em>vide</em> Syria, the Central African Republic, Sudan and many other horrible examples. By and large, countries that have seen political and economic development have first of all succeeded in achieving security at home themselves. Brazil, Argentina, China or India come to mind.
External military force may contribute to establishing or restoring domestic security, but only if the external player is really knowledgeable about the political situation and the cultural-societal motives and reasons for insurgency. These motives and reasons never have an ephemeral nature and cannot be fixed by short, quick action. A political-strategic approach requires deep understanding, patience and long-term vision. The future of Georgia, Moldavia or Ukraine depends not so much on the military strengths of the EU, but on diplomatic perseverance and loyalty to the advocated moral values of the Union, in particular the soft power of democracy and the rule of law, the original Idea of Europe. Self-confidence should then be backed up by military-strategic strength ‒ in that order, which should also be understood in NATO. <em>Sans stratégie, pas de régie.</em>
Hopefully, the present generation of students that will make up the political leadership in Europe in some 20 years will be aware of this vision, and I am happy and honoured today to be their teacher.
Peter M. E. Volten
Global Peaceful Change and Accommodation of Rising Powers: A Scholarly Perspective
Is Terrorism Becoming an Effective Strategy to Achieve Political Aims?
International Relations Theories and Turkish International Relations: Observations Based on a Book
An Inter-Subsystemic Approach in International Relations
Interpreting Turkey’s Middle East Policy in the Last Decade
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Back to Cricket West Indies
ALL SET FOR START OF SAGICOR WICB HIGH PERFORMANCE CENTRE
Monday 31st May 2010
A new phase of cricket in the West Indies will be unveiled on Monday with the start of the Sagicor West Indies Cricket Board High Performance Centre. The Centre will be based at the 3Ws Oval at the Cave Hill Campus of the University of the West Indies in Barbados and is geared towards refining the skills and charting the way forward in the development of 15 of the best young cricketers in the region.
President of the West Indies Cricket Board, Dr Julian Hunte, outlined the details behind the Sagicor West Indies Cricket HPC.
“This is a very significant step forward in the future development of cricket in the Caribbean. As everyone if fully aware, West Indies cricket has faced several challenges and we are taking steps to ensure that were harness and nurture the talent that we see in this cricket-loving region. We have assembled an excellent group of young men to form part of the future of West Indies cricket and I want to wish then all the best,” he said.
“Gone are the days when you could dominate world sport on talent alone, so we know that in order to compete with the other teams on the world stage, we have to look closely at the development of our young players, and provide them with the skills and equip them with the tools to do the job. This is what we aim to do at the Sagicor West Indies Cricket HPC.”
The first groups of 15 young cricketers were selected from players across the regions, who were nominated by their local cricket board. They are: Shamarh Brooks, Jason Holder, Shane Dowrich (Barbados), Kyle Corbin, Kevin McClean (Combined Campuses & Colleges), Brandon Bess, Ravindra Chandrika, Veerasammy Permaul (Guyana), Nkrumah Bonner, Andre Creary (Jamaica), Kieran Powell, Devon Thomas (Leeward Islands), Shannon Gabriel (Trinidad and Tobago) Keron Cottoy, Delorn Johnson (Windward Islands).
The Head Coach and Director for the Sagicor West Indies Cricket HPC is Toby Radford. As a cricketer, he represented Middlesex for several seasons in the English County Cricket Championship and after retiring from the game, distinguished himself as the head of the Academy at the Middlesex County Cricket Club. He was also Head Coach at Middlesex when they won the domestic Twenty20 Tournament and a National Coach with the England and Wales Cricket Board.
Radford said it is an honour to work with the emerging players in Caribbean. He noted: “I know the people of the West Indies are very passionate about the game of cricket and so am I. I am really looking forward to working with this excellent group of young men, who I believe will form the future of West Indies cricket. They are all very talented and eager and enthusiastic, and what we do is hone their individual skills, while at the same time, prepare them to represent the region in cricket and recapture West Indian glory.”
Dr Ernest Hilaire, Chief Executive Office of the WICB, noted that the Sagicor West Indies Cricket HPC is a significant step forward and is part of the overall masterplan to “return the West Indies team to the top tier of world cricket.”
Dr Hilaire continued: “We are fully aware that this goal cannot be achieved overnight. Therefore we are putting the systems in place. We know the formula. Now we have to make it happen and we are confident we have the right people in place to do the job. The Sagicor West Indies Cricket Board HPC is not just about the bat and the ball, but about the way the game is to be played; the way players are to conduct themselves; the history and legacy of West Indies cricket; being ambassadors for the game and the people they represent and preparing the present so we can have a successful future. That is our vision.”
Dr Hunte added: “The WICB wants to thank Sagicor for their tremendous support in bringing this idea to fruition. Their contribution is invaluable in the development of West Indies Cricket. We also want to acknowledge the support from the officials Cave Hill Campus of the University of the West Indies and the 3Ws Oval. This involved a tremendous amount of planning and I would like to thank all of those worked tirelessly to get the Sagicor West Indies Cricket High Performance Centre started.”
Click here for all News and Specials for Cricket West Indies
TEL: +1 (268) 481-2450/1
EMAIL: pspooner@windiescricket.com
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« Yet another excuse to eat chocolate!
Howto… wash a cat »
Merck & Co. testing AIDS vaccine on Dominican prostitutes
Leaving her tin-roofed brothel for the day, the 42-year-old prostitute journeys to the capital for an injection that might save not only her life, but possibly millions more around the world. Jacinta Julia Adams Fernandez, a mother of three, is one of 175 Dominican prostitutes lending their bodies to a trial of what New Jersey-based Merck & Co. hopes will prove to be a vaccine against the virus that causes AIDS. Since turning to prostitution after a divorce 13 years ago, Adams has seen friends and co-workers die from the disease. Prostitution is illegal but widespread here, largely ignored by the authorities. “It’s rare for anyone who lives here not to know AIDS and what it can do,” said Adams, a heavyset woman dressed for work in a tight-fitting yellow dress and bright red lipstick. AIDS is the leading killer of people aged 15 to 44 in the Caribbean, claiming 24,000 lives in 2005, a rate second only to that of sub-Saharan Africa. And according to the United Nations, nearly three-quarters of those infected live on the island of Hispaniola, which the Dominican Republic shares with Haiti. At least 70,000 of the Dominican Republic’s 9 million people are HIV positive, and discrimination discourages many from seeking testing or treatment. Among prostitutes, about 3.6 percent are infected, although researchers report rates as high as 12 percent in some areas. The prostitutes, who will spend much of the next four years traveling to Santo Domingo for injections and checkups, were recruited from brothels across the country. They are among some 3,000 people in eight countries testing the experimental vaccine — a combination of deactivated cold viruses and synthetically produced HIV genes meant to train the body to destroy infected cells. Any long-term risks will take years to discover, but once doctors explained there was no way to contract the disease from the vaccine, they found plenty of volunteers at Adams’ brothel in Las Guaranas, a town of dirt streets and low-slung houses surrounded by rice fields about 75 miles north of Santo Domingo. Many were turned away because of pregnancy, conditions like high blood pressure or because they are already infected. Participants don’t know whether they are getting the drug or a placebo. Even if the results are promising, a vaccine would be several years away from reaching the market. The program pays the women’s meals, transportation and $30 for a lost day’s work. A handful have dropped out, and the clinic provides health training and occasional gifts like bags of cosmetics to keep others from losing interest. Participants get three injections over their first seven months in the study, and then must keep reporting back for four years of close monitoring. For many, the greatest reward is pride. “We are doing it for the world,” said 38-year-old Lucila Mendoza Ovalle. The other test sites — Haiti, United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Jamaica and Peru — all have the same strain of HIV, said Merck spokeswoman Janet Skidmore. The strain is also found in Europe, meaning a formula that works here could find a lucrative global market. A trial was launched Thursday in South Africa to see if the vaccine would have any effect on African strains. The Merck trial, currently in the second of three testing phases — each of which is to last several years — is one of 17 sponsored by the HIV Vaccine Trial Network, a Seattle-based group supported by the U.S. government. The trial is “is an extremely important step, but not the only one,” said Dr. Jorge Flores, chief of vaccine research for the AIDS division at the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. He stressed the importance of education and research into other strategies, like microbicides in vaginal gels. Even a vaccine that reduces the level of HIV in future infections would be a victory. “A 90 percent, 80 percent reduction is going to be acceptable for the time being,” said Dr. Ellen Koenig, who heads one of two Santo Domingo clinics testing the formula. Margarita Ramirez de los Santos, 24, said she volunteered after her brother and sister-in-law died of AIDS. “I am worried about my health,” she said. Meanwhile, Adams’ brothel insists on more familiar methods — condoms and frequent testing for HIV. And if a client refuses to use protection? “We kick him out,” Adams says with a laugh.
This entry was posted on Monday, February 19th, 2007 at 3:11 pm and is filed under Blogging, Health Issues, Love And Relationship Issues, News, Science. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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NL CHAMPIONSHIP SERIES: ASTROS v CARDINALS
HOUSTON, TEXAS: Game Five
Q. Can you just talk about your range of emotions from one point to the next in this game?
TONY LaRUSSA: Well, when the inning started, you always know that no matter how great these guys are, they are human. We had the right part of the lineup coming up, if we could just get something going, then we'd have a chance. Then you strikeout two guys -- in fact, I looked over a couple of times. I was just kind of checking Bagwell out and I could imagine what he was feeling. But we had guys, he's tied for first with the toughest competitor in uniform today, in any sport, and he managed to get the single. You know, I think they were trying to avoid giving Jimmy the pitch that we gave Lance, and they just missed. And Albert, he's grinding every at-bat, with him, you saw some magic there, believe me it looked like we were going to get beat and next thing you know, we have to get three outs to win.
Q. Two totally different series, but how does it help having been in this same spot last year going home?
TONY LaRUSSA: Well, you know, for the kind of club we have and the kind of year we had, losing four in a row would have been -- that would have been tough to take, because we're a better club than that, and they are playing great. But we want to get home for a game, and it's still more important for us to win than it is them, Game 6. They have got Roy, we've got Mark, a classic matchup. But we're back as Busch and we're going to do exactly what we did today. The guys coined the phrase, "hard nine." We're going to play a hard nine. It feels different from last year, because everything is different, but the matchups are real exciting, Game 6. So should be a very special night.
Q. Can you speak to the whole inning, is the mindset get it to Albert and then the two great at-bats to get to Albert, your thoughts as Phil goes to the mound to talk with Lidge and he said, what his message was: "Don't give him anything to hit, doesn't matter if we walk him." Are you thinking don't walk him intentionally, are you thinking of that as an option, all of those things?
TONY LaRUSSA: Well, we had eight, nine, coming out there, two left-handed hitters that are good in a pinch like that, and he makes great pitches, strikes them out. But if you looked at those two left-handers and David, we were thinking, well I was thinking, just what I was thinking, if one guy gets on base, then Jim Edmonds, he's got legitimate tying power. And if we got a little something going, and you've got Albert and you've got Reggie, I think that's the strategy you want to have. I'm trying to remember, I think it was Matt here in Game 3. He did what Lidge did today. You know, you try so hard to make a nasty pitch that you over throw it and you leave it in the middle. What was it, three straight two-strike hits and he's trying to be nasty. Chris did it today, breaking ball to Biggio. It's just human beings trying to do a little too much.
Q. First and third innings, you get two guys on, Albert comes on, two on, nobody out, this is what you want and he doesn't come through. Does it go through your mind, maybe this isn't our night or our series?
TONY LaRUSSA: Well, if you're reading the game, you're thinking, this doesn't look good for the visiting team, because those are break-open, crooked numbers waiting to happen with Albert and Reggie and Larry. I mean, when it doesn't happen. But the one thing, you've got to be in our dugout to see it, the guys will absolutely not stop playing nine innings. So you knew you had Chris pitching. We felt he could hold them down. We were trying to break through. But, you know, when you play nine, every once in awhile, you get a miracle. It's happened a few times for us this year and it happened again tonight.
Q. Can you just talk about what Jason Isringhausen did in this situation and closing it out, too?
TONY LaRUSSA: Well, I like the fact that he came in in the eighth inning and he was concentrating. The blow by Berkman, that's a backbreaker, heartbreaker, however you want to look at it. You can come out there and just lose an edge, maybe go through the emotions and all of a sudden they put another point or two on there. It happened last night in California. And he was real concentrated, showed real good stuff. So that was important, and then, you know, he still had to get -- that's a one-run game. Still had to get three outs, and if one guy gets on base, you know who is on deck and then who is behind him. We were definitely worried, getting the three outs.
Q. You mentioned the competitiveness of David Eckstein, he talked about how he had a sense of calm at the plate there with two down and two strikes, and what does that say about him as a competitor?
TONY LaRUSSA: Well, I think -- I think to be in that position and be productive, I mean, you have to make a real strong commitment to produce. I mean, this has got to be something that's very important to you, so that you're fired up and you're going to take your best shot. Once you decide that you're going to take your best shot -- I remember when Will Clark came here in 2002 and he had a great piece of advice for some of the guys going a little nuts. He just said, "Remember to breathe, you've got to remember to breathe." In the end, you know, David has been there, he's committed to it, and he looked like he was just having his best at-bat. He had his best at-bat because he compared, just like Albert did, just like Jimmy did, just like the Astros did. We play the same game; that's why it's always great games between us.
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Pomerene Center donates artwork to Clow
Josie Sellers | March 26, 2013
COSHOCTON – Tom Crawford was very appreciative of the gift of artwork the Pomerene Center for the Arts recently gave Clow Water Systems.
“These are really awesome,” said Crawford, who is the VP/general manager at Clow. “The pieces are 40 plus years old which shows that Clow has been around for a long time and that we are still thriving.”
The two pieces of artwork that were donated to Clow March 26 were part of the Pomerene Center’s permanent collection.
“We have no place to store them and I think they’ve only been displayed once so we thought we would bring them here since they celebrate the work that is done here at Clow,” said Anne Cornell, director of the Pomerene Center.
The larger of the two pieces of art is an acrylic painting of a pipe worker and was a gift to the Pomerene Center by Mr. and Mrs. Wilbur Lanese.
“It will hang in our main conference room, where our guests, the owner of the company and other folks will be able to see it,” Crawford said.
The second piece is of the Clow plant and was given to the Pomerene Center by J. Edgar Haller who was plant manager of the Coshocton Clow Corp. from 1965 to 1971.
“Due to the growth we are experiencing we have to add on some new office spaces,” Crawford said. “One of those will be mine and I’m excited to hang this in it.”
Dorothy Skowrunski, executive director of the Coshocton Port Authority was excited to see the two organizations working together.
“Here in Coshocton there is a wonderful history of the arts history as well as a strong industrial history,” she said. “These two paintings and this exchange between the Pomerene Center for the Arts and Clow-McWane celebrates both these histories. The Port Authority is honoured to be part of this celebration.”
Category: Arts & Entertainment, Business, Photo Galleries
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Club volleyball offers chance to play at new levels »
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Let's Get Acquainted
Originally from the US east coast, Dave Anthony grew up in Las Vegas, Nevada. Educated at Las Vegas High School and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), Dave studied journalism, broadcasting and music education.
As a proficient sax player, the life of a musician began during college years at UNLV, followed by professional performances, co-founder of the Minnesota Music Academy in the 1980s, & eventual induction into the Las Vegas Rock Hall of Fame in 2011.
Dave's music career morphed into a career in radio broadcasting, as he quickly became a well known name as host of morning radio shows in Las Vegas, Denver, Minneapolis, and Tucson. He could be heard in other cities like San Francisco, Houston, Phoenix, Milwaukee, and Jacksonville on prime mid-day and afternoon radio shows.
Broadcast management soon beckoned and Dave became a very successful program director for companies like CBS, Metromedia, and Doubleday in cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, Phoenix, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Denver, Las Vegas, Jacksonville, and Tucson.
Providing voiceovers for commercials and corporate videos was a natural extension of his radio career and has been a fulltime occupation for years.
Based in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida – a beach town on the Atlantic Ocean between Jacksonville and St. Augustine – Dave works from an in-home studio with full ISDN broadcast capability. Specialties include network TV promos, commercials for TV and radio, corporate videos, DVDs, Website audio, and training films.
Represented by six talent agents situated across the US, an acting career also blossomed. Dave Anthony has been in films with John Travolta, Selma Hayek, Scott Caan, James Gandolfini, Ed Begley Jr., and Kevin Spacey.
National TV commercials followed, as well as TV shows like America’s Most Wanted and the live television host of the Easter Seals Telethon originating from Las Vegas.
Today, Dave Anthony counts among his clients such well-known companies as the Miami Herald, the Golf Channel, Rolex, BBC Worldwide, Carrier Air Conditioning, the PGA Tour, Husqvarna, Cub Cadet, and many more.
Custom Voicing
By the Atlantic Ocean in
Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida
Phone: 904 910-0231 904 910-0231
dave@daveanthony.us
© 2016 ADL Group, Inc.
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Debate: Nuclear energy
Revision as of 12:35, 30 June 2008; Matthew.graham26 (Talk | contribs)
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Is nuclear energy worth exploiting?
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1. Is nuclear energy worth exploiting? |
3. Environment: Would new nuclear plants be environmentally beneficial? | | | |
4. Safety concerns: Are nuclear power plants safe? | | | |
5. Terrorist threat: Is the terrorist threat to nuclear facilities non-existent/manageable? | | | |
6. Proliferation: Are weapons proliferation risks non-existent/manageable? | | | |
7. Economics: Is nuclear energy relatively inexpensive? | | | |
8. Lights on: Is nuclear energy necessary to "keep the lights on"? | | | |
9. Public opinion: Where does public opinion stand on this issue? | | | |
10. Pro/con resources | | | |
11. References: |
Nuclear power is any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei via controlled nuclear reactions. The most common method today is through nuclear fission, though other methods include nuclear fusion and radioactive decay. All current methods involve heating a working fluid such as water, which is then converted into mechanical work for the purpose of generating electricity or propulsion. Today, more than 15% of the world's electricity comes from nuclear power, over 150 nuclear-powered naval vessels have been built, and a few radioisotope rockets have been produced.
Some countries in the world currently use nuclear power. However several issues have been raised as to whether nuclear power is a safe alternative to coal power. Some issues with nuclear energy include whether nuclear waste is safe, nuclear facilities being terrorist prone and the cost of running nuclear facilities.
Some of the good things about nuclear power is that it is more efficient, doesn't rely on as many resources, nuclear power is safe if plants are properly monitored and it creates many jobs.
Nuclear energy can also be used improperly to make nuclear bombs and weapons and having nuclear power poses a really threat to countries at war.
There are reasons to use nuclear power and there are reasons against it. This debate looks at the pros and cons of using nuclear energy. If looked after and managed properly, nuclear power is fairly safe. It is when people don't look after it's use when things go wrong.
For more information, see Wikipedia: Nuclear Power. Some parts of this introduction are extracts from Wikipedia's article on Nuclear Power (see link to the left). Debatepedia is registered to use Wikipedia resources.
Environment: Would new nuclear plants be environmentally beneficial?
Nuclear power plants do not contribute to global warming While it is possible to argue that there are environmental costs associated with the disposal of spent nuclear fuel rods, nuclear power certainly does not contribute to global warming, as it does not emit any greenhouse gases. This is significant from the standpoint of weighing the relative environmental costs of various power options. Given that global warming is the environmental crisis of our time, a power-source that avoids contributing to this crisis has many advantages, even if it contributes to some other, less significant, environmental problems.
Nuclear energy is the primary alternative to dirty coal Coal is the primary resource used around the world in the production of electricity. Nuclear energy is the next alternative. Coal is the worst air quality polluter and cause of global-warming in the world, putting millions of lives at risk. Coal resources are also running out rapidly and miners are killed by the thousands every year from mining the substance. Coal also causes lung cancer and diseases and is fairly dangerous. Nuclear is neither an air polluter nor a global warming risk, and could, therefore, act as a highly beneficial substitute for coal.
Nuclear energy is highly efficient The efficient use of natural resources is a major criteria in determining the environmental friendliness of a source of energy. Nuclear energy extracts by far more energy from the natural resource Uranium than does the exploitation of oil or any other natural resource. It is the most efficient use of the Earth's resources. In fact a gram of uranium can generate as much electricity as four tonnes of coal.
Nuclear energy "waste" can be recycled After the first cycle of nuclear energy use, spent fuel still has 95% of its potential energy. Spent fuel can be recycled many times before it is no longer a viable energy source and can be retired as "waste".
Nuclear waste is an environmental problem. "Pros and cons of nuclear power". Time for Change.org. Retrieved 1.23.08 - "The problem of radioactive waste is still an unsolved one. The waste from nuclear energy is extremely dangerous and it has to be carefully looked after for several thousand years (10'000 years according to United States Environmental Protection Agency standards)."
"Recycling" nuclear waste is not a viable environmental solution: One of the main problems is that it is cheaper to mine new Uranium than recycle spent Uranium. Second, spent Uranium has to be disposed of and dealt with at one point even if it is "recycled", and the radioactivity of it remains.
Uranium for nuclear energy is not a renewable resource. "Pros and cons of nuclear power". Time for Change.org. Retrieved 1.23.08 - "The energy source for nuclear energy is Uranium. Uranium is a scarce resource, its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30 to 60 years depending on the actual demand."
Nuclear plants only produce electricity and can't replace oil and gas Electricity typically makes up around 1/3 of the energy needs of the economies it supplies. It does not affect the heating of buildings with gas or, generally, driving vehicles, both of which are main causes of pollution and global warming. Therefore, nuclear energy will not replace the main causes of global warming, and therefore should not be seen as a primary global warming solution.
Energy efficiency is more important than nuclear power Improved building insulation and super efficient light bulbs and clothes dryers are more cost effective ways of cutting down on energy use and setting back global warming.
Safety concerns: Are nuclear power plants safe?
A 1986 Chernobyl accident would not occur today: The Chernobyl nuclear reactor was an early model of Soviet reactor. It had no containment vessel, lacked many modern safety features, and was caused largely by human error that no longer has the potential to cause disasters in modern nuclear reactors.
Three Mile Island was actually a nuclear safety success Despite the fears generated by the Three Mile Island incident, the safety mechanism there actually acted to effectively prevent a nuclear catastrophe. It should be seen as a demonstration of effective safety measures, not as an example of the safety risks of nuclear energy.
The number of deaths from nuclear catastrophes pales in comparison to coal-mine deaths While it is important to consider the risks presented by possible scenarios of nuclear meltdowns and disasters, it is important to note the fact that there have been many more coal-mine deaths in history than nuclear energy related deaths. This would seem to indicate that the fear of nuclear energy disasters is something of a social phobia rather than a sober fear based on relative risks.
The risks of a catastrophic nuclear meltdown are very low The Three-mile high nuclear incident, while it frightened many people, is actually a success story. It demonstrated that modern protections can prevent nuclear disasters from occurring. And, yet, the incident created fears that caused no new nuclear reactors to be built since in the United States.
Nuclear waste is not very dangerous With proper care and funding, nuclear waste is not very dangerous. After being re-used, the final product can safely be stored underground in nuclear facilities. They currently have state-of-the-art technology to do this is Sweden and a few other countries.
Fears over nuclear energy are irrational Nuclear energy is completely safe. There is no need for irrational fears and we should not let them jeopardize the future prosperity of our planet. The only thing stopping global use of nuclear power is public concern but this is really not necessary.
If nuclear power is so risky, why aren't existing plants shut down? The fact is, nuclear power is not risky at all. It is completely safe and that is why existing plants are still operating. With modern technology and good funding, plants can be made extremely safe so there is no need to shut down any existing nuclear power plants.
Nuclear energy disasters are a major risk "Pros and cons of nuclear power". Time for Change.org. Retrieved 1.23.08 - "High risks: Despite a generally high security standard, accidents can still happen. It is technically impossible to build a plant with 100% security. A small probability of failure will always last. The consequences of an accident would be absolutely devastating both for human being as for the nature (see here , here or here ). The more nuclear power plants (and nuclear waste storage shelters) are built, the higher is the probability of a disastrous failure somewhere in the world."
Transporting nuclear waste is a public safety concern - Since the storage of nuclear waste often takes place in designated areas within a large territory, it becomes necessary to transport nuclear waste long distances to these locations. This presents risks to the populations that exist on the route to these waste areas.
The cost of nuclear power causes cuts in safety measures Whenever it costs a substantial amount of money to build a facility, it is common that some safety features are sacrificed to cut costs. This has commonly been the case with nuclear facilities, which has lead to facility closures mid-stream due to the realization of dangers to workers and surrounding communities.
Terrorist threat: Is the terrorist threat to nuclear facilities non-existent/manageable?
Nuclear facilities are designed to withstand terrorists attacks Containment vessels for nuclear reactors are protected by six feet of re-enforced concrete, capable of protecting against an airplane collision. But, even if such a collision were to occur, it's important to recognize that a nuclear explosion would not occur.
Nuclear facilities are less vulnerable to terrorists than other targets There are many vulnerabilities to terrorist targets. Chemical plants, water supplies, natural gas supertankers are all highly vulnerable terrorist targets. It is not appropriate to assign an arbitrarily high importance to the vulnerabilities of nuclear reactors, when other vulnerabilities exist to the extent that they do.
Nuclear power plants are vulnerable to terrorist attack The possibility that a terrorist will fly an airplane into a nuclear reactor is very high, with potentially very substantial consequences.
Terrorists can target spent nuclear fuel pools outside facilities Spent fuel pools are often unprotected, outside of a nuclear facilities walls. These are vulnerabilities to terrorist attacks.
A terrorist strike on a nuclear facility could be devastating The 9/11 Commission said in June 2004 that al Qaeda’s original plan for September 11 was to hijack 10 airplanes and crash two of them into nuclear power plants. They said that a successful attack would release "large quantities of radioactive materials to the environment."[1]
Proliferation: Are weapons proliferation risks non-existent/manageable?
Nuclear energy should not be banned due to the potential for weapons-use There are many things that can have nefarious uses, and yet are not and should not be banned. Machetes are actually a common example used, which have legitimate uses, but have also led to the deaths of millions, many more than any possible nuclear reactor scenario.
New nuclear reprocessing systems reduce risks of weapons-use Reprocessing systems can be designed to make it more difficult to re-direct nuclear fuel into weapons-grade nuclear materials.
Diplomacy and force should be used to counter proliferation risks of nuclear energy It is the job of leaders and diplomats to reduce the risk of the nefarious use of any technology. Nuclear technologies are no exception.
Nuclear energy risks being diverted to nuclear weapons development
The benefits of nuclear energy are outweighed by weapons-use risks Michael Levi, Council on Foreign Relations Fellow for Science and Technology. "Wasted Energy". CFR.org. April 18th, 2006 - "Moore turns to the question of whether nuclear power can be diverted to make nuclear weapons, and to his credit calls it 'the most serious issue associated with nuclear energy.' But he then proceeds to treat it unseriously. He notes that 'If we banned everything that can be used to kill people, we would never have harnessed fire.' That’s true, but the question here isn’t whether nuclear power is dangerous; it’s whether the dangers associated with it outweigh the benefits it entails. Simply because fire had greater potential for good than harm does not mean that the same is true for nuclear power."
Economics: Is nuclear energy relatively inexpensive?
Nuclear power is relatively inexpensive Long-term costs of nuclear power are comparable with that of hydro-electric or coal. It is also presumable that advances in nuclear technologies and in nuclear plant construction methods will reduce costs over time.
Nuclear energy economies of scale are increasing With increased expertise and technological advancements in the nuclear energy industry, the economies of scale are rapidly improving, reducing costs and improving the viability of the industry.
Nuclear energy costs are unfairly increased by regulations and politics The regulatory, legal, and political environment surrounding nuclear energy is a major cost for the industry. Many contracts have been canceled half-way through due to these issues, elevating the risk for investors, and subsequently elevating interests rates offered to those planning to invest in nuclear projects.
Nuclear power will help lower oil dependencies. Nuclear energy is one of the most viable alternatives to oil, particularly because it is capable of supplying such massive amounts of energy.
Nuclear energy can help supply the poor world with needed electricity The massive increase in demand for electricity expected in the 21st century can only be met by an energy resource capable of supply a massive amount of electricity. Coal is an option, but it is highly destructive to air quality and the global environment. Nuclear energy is really the only other massively abundant, massively productive source of electricity capable of meeting these rising demands.
Building nuclear power plants is highly costly Nuclear power plants are highly complex, take substantial planning, and take decades to build at high costs.
Nuclear plant construction runs over-time and over-budget There have been very few, if any, nuclear plants that have been constructed on time and on budget.
The nuclear energy industry depends on government subsidies Many governments subsidize nuclear power heavily. The industry can't stand on its own two feet. One problem with this is that it makes more viable energy alternatives less competitive.
Nuclear waste disposal is costly Digging massive holes in mountains, transporting nuclear waste to these designated waste areas, and monitoring the waste area for radiation leakages are all costly.
Building nuclear power plants takes too long It can take between 20 to 30 years to move from the planning to the opening of a nuclear reactor.
Nuclear energy is not globally applicable. Nuclear energy can only be adopted where there is uranium, where the technology and capital exists to create the plants, and where there are sufficient international security and safety regulations in place. There are many barriers to adoption, whereas other energy alternatives have fewer such barriers, and can be more universally adopted.
This distance between nuclear plants and end-use causes electricity losses. Whenever electricity is transferred across wires, some of its electrical current is lost. The longer the distance, the more electricity loss occurs. Because there are few nuclear power plants, the average distance that the produced electricity has to travel is quite long. The result is an inefficient loss of electrical energy.
Nuclear power is often given favor at the expense of renewable power While some say that nuclear and renewable energy can exist mutually beneficially, in the modern economy, it is evident that nuclear power is often given exclusive favor at a cost to renewable energy resources.
Lights on: Is nuclear energy necessary to "keep the lights on"?
Nuclear energy is necessary to "keeping the lights on" in the 21st century. Electricity demand is growing rapidly around the world as massive populations enter modernity, and begin to seek electricity, as they should. The only way to meet this spiking demand for electricity is with nuclear power. It is the only way to "keep the lights on".
Any electricity source will keep the lights on, but nuclear power will be a better solution for the future. Any energy resource will keep the lights on and keep running much-needed electricity. But as resources start to run low get more expensive, nuclear power is the better choice for the future. Uranium resources will last longer and are better for the environment. And once the plants are built and running, nuclear power would also be more cost efficient in the future.
Nuclear reactors won't keep the lights on; they take too long to build The only way that global demand for electricity could be met by nuclear power is if new plants could be built in-step with the increase in demand. But, it takes decades to plan and build nuclear plants; 20 to 30 years by some estimates. Because the demand for electricity around the globe is rapidly accelerating now, nuclear energy is out of step with these increases in demand, and will not be able to "keep the lights on".
Alternatives to nuclear power can meet future electricity demands A combination of renewable energy sources and greater energy efficiency will allow electricity supply, without nuclear power, to meet the rising demands of the 21st century.
Public opinion: Where does public opinion stand on this issue?
Populations surrounding nuclear power plants approve of them While it may seem likely that populations surrounding nuclear power plants would oppose them on the basis of health risks, they actually support them on the basis of the jobs they bring to a community.
Pro/con resources
Patrick Moore. "Going Nuclear A Green Makes the Case". Washington Post. April 16th, 2006
Jay Lehr. "Making the Case for Nuclear Power". The Heartland Institute. February 1, 2005
Mark Brandly. "The Case for Nuclear Power". Virginia Viewpoint. October, 2001.
Pascal Zachary. "The case for nuclear power". SFGate. February 5, 2006
Max Schulz. "Nuclear Power Is the Future". Wilson Quarterly. Fall, 2006
Christine Todd Whitman. "The case in favor of nuclear power." Business Week. September 12, 2007
Robert C. Morris. "The Environmental Case for Nuclear Power" (Book). 2000
"The Case Against Nuclear Power". Public Citizen. Retrieved 1.24.08
Michele Boyd. "The Case against Nuclear Power". Harvard International Review. February 13, 2007
Wayne Ellwood and Dexter Tiranti. "The case against nuclear energy". New Internationalist. August, 1981
John W. Gofman, Ph.D., M.D. and Arthur R. Tamplin, Ph.D. "Poisoned Power, The Case Against Nuclear Power Plants Before and After Three Mile Island" (book). 1979
Mark Hertsgaard. "The True Costs of Nuclear Power". Mother Earth News. April/May 2006
"The case against nuclear power". Greenpeace. January 8, 2008
"The Case Against Nuclear Power". No New Nukes. Retrieved 1.24.08
Retrieved from "http://www.dbp.idebate.org/en/index.php/Debate:_Nuclear_energy"
Categories: International | Global Climate Change | Energy | Global priorities
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Home > Where The Water Tastes Like Wine > Sting - yes, THE Sting - is going to be in a game!
Sting - yes, THE Sting - is going to be in a game!
Sting's going to be in a video game! Sadly he's not performing Desert Rose, but still, he's going to be a wolf, and that's just awesome!
I'd admit, I knew nothing of Good Shepherds' Where The Water Tastes Like Wine until the press release announcing Sting's involvement hit my inbox, but as a fan of the 16-time Grammy Award winning artist, I checked out the trailer, and now I'm quite sold on the game. Where The Water Tastes Like Wine is a historical and folkloric game about America, taking players through a century of American history, allowing them to meet and interact with a wide range of people along the way.
The trailer doesn't show any gameplay, but it does show off the incredible art of Kellan Jett, with 2D visuals for the characters and environments contrasted against a 3D overworld map of America itself.
After seeing the trailer I did a bit more research on the game, including its publisher, Good Shepherd, and developer, Dim Bulb Games. What I found there was exciting too; Dim Bulb was the co-founder of Fullbright and the programmer responsible for Gone Home... so the heritage to do something truly masterful is there.
And the American aesthetic is one well worth exploring. From Grapes of Wrath to The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Catcher in the Rye to Huckleberry Finn, Gone With The Wind to Lolita, American literature and storytelling is just filled with the most amazing sense of land, space and people, and any game that promises to be in the tradition of the great American novel is one worth giving a chance to, at the least.
The voice cast beyond Sting is also incredibly talented, including: Dave Fennoy (The Walking Dead: A Telltale Games Series), Cissy Jones (Firewatch), Kimberly Brooks (Mass Effect) and more.
The game currently only has a PC release, and will come out at some point early this year. Hopefully a console version follows soon after.
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Plans for new laboratory space announced
Wed 17 December 2014, 11:44 am
A business and technical park is being created in Dagenham, which will include 6.87 ha of laboratories, clean rooms and sterile manufacturing buildings.
The site of Sanofi's former manufacturing plant in Dagenham
The plans were announced by the SOG Group, which has purchased the facilities from global pharmaceutical company Sanofi, following the closure of the firm’s manufacturing plant in 2013.
The site has been rebranded as londoneast-uk, where buildings will be available for immediate occupation. It is to become the sister site to The Heath in Runcorn, Cheshire, also owned by SOG.
John Lewis, managing director of SOG Group, said: “Our vision is to make londoneast-uk every bit as successful as our operation at The Heath, by offering the ideal solution for scientific businesses needing immediate access to high quality laboratory and clean room space in London.
“We will be marketing londoneast-uk around the globe, to attract inward investment from cutting-edge scientific businesses who can access fantastic facilities right in the heart of the greatest capital city in the world.”
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Search for Provost begins
By Scout on September 15, 2009
The university is in a pursuit to fill the position of one of its most important administrators.
Last week University Senate devised a search plan to fill the position of provost, the chief academic advisor of the university.
“The deans of each of the colleges report to the provost and, in concert with the faculty, are responsible for working with the provost to devise new curriculum and the academic strategy for the university,” University President Joanne Glasser said. “The provost represents the university in the president’s absence.”
In addition, the provost overlooks continuing education, information technology, the library, the registrar, study abroad and The Institute for Principled Leadership.
One faculty member from each college, two college deans, Student Body President Kyle Malinowski and one individual yet-to-be appointed by Glasser will form the search committee, according to a resolution passed by senate Sept. 3.
Although the committee is responsible for the search, Glasser will have the final say in hiring a candidate, University Senate President Molly Clusky said.
There is no deadline for hiring a candidate.
“Now that the search announcement has been made it is important to proceed with the process and identify qualified candidates as soon as possible,” Glasser said. “The goal is to get the position filled as soon as the right person is found for the job.”
Until a provost is hired, Interim Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs Robert Bolla will continue to serve the position, as he has since July 2008.
Prior to being interim provost, Bolla was the dean of the graduate school and associate provost for research. Details of Bolla’s position after the provost is selected have not been finalized, Glasser said.
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Vice president discusses abuse at Civic Center
By Scout on April 2, 2010
Joe Biden is well known for his gaffes and joking demeanor.
But the vice president’s speech at the annual Partners in Peace awards banquet was anything but joking. Well, mostly.
Biden was the keynote speaker at the annual fundraiser for the Center for Prevention of Abuse, which provides assistance to people in abusive households and victims of rape.
In 1994, as a senator from Delaware, Biden was instrumental in the passage of the Violence Against Women Act, which is considered a landmark bill, creating sweeping changes to the rights of rape and domestic abuse victims.
But the work’s not done yet.
“Folks, this is a big problem,” he said to the 1,100 or so guests packed in the Civic Center ballroom. “A lot of progress has been made, but there’s still a lot to do. When you look at all the unmet need out there (it’s obvious).”
The progress that has been made, however, is significant.
“In Delaware (prior to) 1994, a man couldn’t be convicted of first degree rape if his victim knew him,” Biden said. “Those were the kinds of laws we were working with.”
More recently, domestic abuse was considered a pre-existing condition for health insurance in several states because women in previously abused houses are more likely to be in future abusive relationships, thus costing insurance companies more money.
“But no more, no more,” Biden said, citing the recent passage of health care reform, which eliminated the disqualification of people for pre-existing conditions.
One hurdle the then-senator found when trying to pass the bill was that men simply couldn’t understand why women wouldn’t leave an abusive situation.
“It’s like bullies on the school playground,” Biden said. “Your parents said all you have to do is pop them in the nose, they’ll bleed and leave you alone. But how many of you bad ass guys out there did that? None that I know.”
Biden went on to speak about the deep-seeded cultural problems that cloud victims of rape and domestic abuse.
“How easy do you think it is for a woman to go home and say I’ve been raped … only to have someone ask what they were doing wrong,” he said. “Do you know how hard it is for a woman to … call a [rape assistance] hotline? Do you know how much courage that takes?”
The vice president left the audience with this message: “No man, no man, no man under any circumstance but self defense, has a right to raise his hand to a woman. There’s no conditions. Zero.”
University President Joanne Glasser attended the speech and said she was impressed by Biden’s passion for the topic.
“I thought the speech was incredible,” she said. “It was inspiring, it was very personal and it was clear it had a lot of personal history for him.”
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Andrew Sperling
NAMI Legislative Affairs Advocacy & Public Policy
Andrew Sperling is the Director of Federal Legislative Advocacy for NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness. In this position, he leads NAMI’s legislative advocacy initiatives in Congress and before federal agencies. Mr. Sperling works on issues affecting the mental health community with a focus on improving the lives of people with severe mental illnesses.
Since 1994, Mr. Sperling has also served as Co-Chair of the Consortium for Citizens with Disabilities (CCD) Housing Task Force.
Prior to joining NAMI, Mr. Sperling held the position of deputy director of government relations for the National Community Mental Healthcare Council and was a legislative assistant for U.S. Representative Dick Swett (D-NH).
Mr. Sperling earned his BA from Tulane University. After graduating from Tulane, Sperling attended George Washington University where he received a Masters of Arts, and in 1992, he earned a law degree from the Franklin Pierce Law Center.
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“The City of Photographers” - Sebastián Moreno (2006)
The Chilean documentary The City of Photographers (La Ciudad De Los Fotógrafos, 2006), directed by Sebastián Moreno, has valuable offerings on several dimensions. For one thing it provides an interesting angle on the turbulent period of the Pinochet dictatorship (1973-1990). This is a fascinating story of how ordinary citizens used their cameras as witnesses to stand up for the basic human right of expression. These heroic people in Santiago, Chile, stood alone, because the US government, rather than defending democratic interests, was perniciously intervening on the side of the oppressive dictatorship at the time. So on this level, the film presents material for further reflection (in the light of the "Arab Spring") concerning the somewhat ill-defined term of crowd-sourcing. But perhaps the most significant dimension of the film concerns what it reveals about the nature of narrative witnessing. What role can the witness play, and how does visual imagery play a part? After all, this documentary film is not only reflective but reflexive: it is a documentary about documentarians.
Because the film was made for Chilean audiences, for whom the gory details of the Pinochet dictatorship were all too familiar, there is little coverage in the film concerning some of those historical details. So it might be useful to recall that for all of its history prior to the Pinochet period, Chile had perhaps the strongest traditions of democratic government in South America. But given the enormous wealth and power divide between the privileged classes and the common people throughout Latin America, there were always simmering social tensions in those countries that made the option of Communism politically attractive to some sectors of society. In particular, Fidel Castro’s Cuban revolution was always a model for emulation, and the US government was determined to thwart a repeat of something like that happening again on the content. Chile, because of its vast copper reserves, was one particularly important theater in this drama. Due in part to its robust democratic institutions, Chile was a seething cauldron for this political contest, and during the 1960s there emerged a united front of leftist Chilean political parties, led by Salvador Allende, that vied for political control. The US CIA engaged in various interventionist tactics to block Allende, but in the end they were unable to prevent his coming to power in 1970 [1]. This was a major worldwide event, because it marked the first, and perhaps only, time that a fully socialist government (i.e. fully committed to Marxist socialist principles) came to power via democratic elections.
The US government then actively encouraged (although the extent to which it offered any actual material support at that point is unclear) for the military coup d’etat that installed Augusto Pinochet as dictator in 1973. Thereafter the US government actively supported the “Operation Condor” operation of right-wing South American governments, including the Pinochet regime, to suppress and terrorize all political opposition [2]. Among the activities of this so-called “dirty war” of oppression were acts of “disappearing” political opponents: victims were first tortured to death and then vanished from sight. US citizens, even today, find it almost impossible to believe that their own government could have supported such murders and torture, so they tended to discount the evidence when presented – particularly when the evidence was not well documented and could thereby be dismissed as hearsay (which is a typical problem when dealing with secretive operations involving military intelligence). For example a few years later, former CIA operative Jesse Leaf revealed that the CIA had taught torture techniques, based on captured Nazi documents, to the SAVAK secret police of the government of Iran ruled by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi [3,4,5]. Again, US citizens could not bring themselves to believe that their own people supported torture – in fact torture that was worse than waterboarding, incidentally.
What did it take for US citizens finally to wake up to the realization that their government supports torture? It was graphic, pictorial evidence from the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq that proved to be inarguable [6]. There it was shown in pictures for all to see. This kind of visual revelation is what The City of Photographers is all about. It was brave photographers merely doing their civic duty who revealed the atrocities that were being committed by the Pinochet government. This had political consequences for the evolution of Chilean society, and it serves as a general reminder for us today, too.
The story of these photographers essentially begins in 1978 when one of them, Luis Navarro, discovered the abandoned Lonquen mine, where he discovers the remains of fifteen laborers who had been tortured to death and buried there in 1973. They had been made to “disappear”. This photographic evidence was the first step in opening up to the world the kinds of atrocities that were being committed by the Chilean dictatorship.
It should be remembered that not everyone in Chile was against the Pinochet dictatorship. The privileged clashes felt that Pinochet was a bulwark against Communist chaos. As long as the Chilean government could keep hidden their “dirty war” tactics, it could retain support from a significant portion of those who proceeded with business as usual. But photographic evidence is difficult to deny and can provide revelations. More and more photographers began to join the cause of providing documentary evidence concerning the oppressive tactics of the military police. In 1981 they formed the Independent Photographers Guild Association (AFI was the acronym in Spanish), and this provided them with accreditation as a professional body.
These people were street photographers, most of whom were, I believe, free-lance operators who sold their photographs to various media outlets. It was an open group of men and women that could be joined by anyone with a camera and the passion to reveal the truth, and among those shown in the film are the following participants who comment and reflect at the time of the film production (2006) on their photojournalistic activities of twenty years earlier:
Jose Moreno (the father of director Sebastián Moreno)
Luis Navarro
Paz Errazuiz
Inez Paulino
Percy Lam
Kena Lorenzini
Jose Duran
Marcelo Montecinos
This is very much a human story, as people describe how they joined the guild and found what became a shared mission and their personal calling. As time went on, leftist demonstrators against the regime became their friends, counting on them to record the police brutality that usually ensued when there was a demonstration. Since the political activists wanted to hold their demonstrations without the police knowing about them in advance, they would secretly inform the photographers about their upcoming events. Some of the photographers struggled with this in connection with their feelings of sympathy for the activists and at the same time their felt need to maintain a sense of reportorial objectivity. Eventually it became something of a cat-and-mouse game, with the activists, the police, and the photographers all becoming personally familiar with each other, even though they were on opposite sides of an ongoing argument.
Soon the photographers discovered that there were about 1200 apprehended and missing people – people who had been disappeared, and they felt the need to make these people reappear to the public eye by publicizing photographs of them. But for about 500 of the disappeared people, there were no available photographs, so the photographers set about the task of finding past photos of these people and creating a pictorial memorial in ceramic tiles of all of them. This reflects an underlying theme of the film: a person’s photographic image is more real than a mere description of that person in words. The image evokes a sense of presence about the person – this person truly existed and had a life, just like the rest of us. As Ana Gonzales, one of the mothers who had lost children to government disappearance, said, “not having had a photo of your family is somehow not having had part in the history of mankind.”
To counter the public’s growing awareness of government atrocities, the government took various measures against the photographers. For awhile they banned all images from magazines. So the journals responded by publishing issues with blank-out spaces with the word “censored” where images were intended on some pages. And the people began wearing enlarged prints of disappeared people’s photos around their necks on the streets, keeping the ultimate question about their whereabout constantly in the faces of the authorities.
The government also tried to infiltrate the group with spies and informers, but the photographers were quick to learn how to identify the lack of genuineness of a government snitch.
As the photographers continued their investigations, they would occasionally suffer beatings at the hands of the police. One of their number, Oscar Navarro, even got the nickname “Kamikaze” for his willingness to risk plunging into the midst of some dangerous encounters. But there were more sinister things than beatings; they learned that the CNI (the Chilean internal intelligence agency) was murdering people as part of their “dirty war” activities. One of the AFI members, Rodgrigo Rojas, was an idealistic teenager who had committed himself to the AFI photojournalistic movement. While photographing one newsworthy event on the road, the military poured gasoline over him and immolated him. The surviving photographers who recollected him twenty years later still shared a sense of guilt and sadness for not having restrained the young boy from pursuing the dangerous operations in which they were engaged. The AFI photographers lost other good friends this way, too. The Chilean academic Jose Manuel Parada was a good friend of the photographers. One day the bodies of Parada and two of his academic colleagues were found dumped by the side of the road with their throats slit.
In addition to such butchery, the government tried to discredit the photographers. Luis Navarro was arrested while photographing Pinochet entering the government palace and held for five days. We are not informed what they did to him, but there is a suggestion that he was abused. Afterwards the government propagated a false story that Navarro had been a government informer for years. Some of the public believed the story, and it took Navarro years to recover his reputation from the slander.
Over the years, the violence took its toll on many of the photographers. Some of them wondered if they were getting caught up in an eternal narrative of violence. They asked themselves if they were actively looking for violence, seeding the world with their own preconceptions. They wondered what was happening to their souls. Oscar Navarro is still disturbed twenty years later by the time in those days when he asked a police-beaten boy to remove his hands covering his face. When the boy did so, Navarro saw (and photographed) that the boy’s eye had been gouged out by a police baton. Navarro had earlier said that his camera was his weapon, but his sense of powerlessness on that occasion still lingers with him.
But despite all the tragic occurrences, this film is still a story of triumph. These “ordinary” people (ordinary in the sense that they did not have authorized power from the establishment) had collectively stood together and used their cameras to provide a social witness. What they captured were pictures, and these pictures had a richness to them that conveyed, in way that words could never do, the horror of what they were witnessing. Such witnessing offers a lesson for the rest of us. In an age when governments and commercial organizations are using electronic media to invade our private spaces, they also often reject the people's right to record government and corporate depredations in the public space.
So we need to keep in mind the distinctions between public and private spaces. People have a right to privacy; but they also have a right to free speech, i.e. public expression, in the public space. The photographers in The City of Photographers were intensely aware of the ambiguities of this process. As I see it, they often asked themselves the difficult question concerning to what extent were they capturing reality or actually making it. This is a problem that cannot be avoided. Every witness to an event, every documentarian, is also a participant. But we all do believe in a shared "reality" and a “true” (mutually agreed on) narrative description of what has happened. And the richness of visual imagery provided by photography is irrefutable. When photographic evidence is presented to the public, it is up to the public to decide what to make of it. The AFI photographers in Chile were aware of this challenge and conscientiously and humanely tried to operate within the inevitable compromising constraints entailed. From all of this we can see that there is a task set before us to which all of us interested in helping to defend and preserve democracy around the world can contribute – "we’re all this together”. This is what the AFI members of The City of Photographers have shown us.
“United States intervention in Chile”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervention_in_Chile, accessed 25 April 2013.
“Operation Condor”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Condor, accessed 25 April 2013.
Seymour M. Hersh, “Ex-Analyst Says C.I.A. Rejected Warning on Shah; Shah Was a Source for C.I.A.”, The New York Times, 7 January 1979.
Alexander Cockburn & James Ridgeway, “The Shah and the Hot-Egg Tango”, The Village Voice (“The Moving Target” column), 4 December 1978.
A. J. Langguth, “Torture’s Teachers”, The New York Times, 11 June 1979.
Scott Shane, “U.S. Engaged in Torture After 9/11, Review Concludes”, The New York Times, 16 April 2013.
Posted by The Film Sufi at 4/25/2013 11:21:00 PM
Labels: ***½, documentary, Sebastian Moreno, soul and society
“Cartouche” - Philippe de Broca (1962)
“Zorba the Greek” - Michael Cacoyannis (1964)
“Memento” - Christopher Nolan (2000)
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Jess Lund
BSc (Hons) (UCT)
Jess grew up on a farm in Limpopo and spent her childhood surrounded by (and infatuated with) birds. At a young age, she decided that a career in ornithology was her calling. She completed her BSc at UCT majoring in Applied Statistics and Ecology & Evolution in 2017 and went on to do her Honours in 2018. Her Honours project (supervised by Dr. Robert Thomson and Prof. Andrew McKechnie) aimed to determine whether the arid-adapted pygmy falcon goes into a state of hypothermic torpor on winter nights in the Kalahari. Jess is broadly interested in the evolution and ecology of birds but is particularly fascinated by coevolution and behavioural ecology. Her MSc dissertation will look at the intriguing interactions between the African cuckoo (Cuculus gularis) and its host, the fork-tailed drongo (Dicrurus adsimilis), in the miombo woodlands of southern Zambia. She will use molecular techniques, field experiments and novel methods of image analysis to study the coevolutionary consequences of host signatures in this poorly-studied arms race. This research is supervised by Prof. Claire Spottiswoode and co-supervised by Dr. Gabriel Jamie. Jess has also assisted with other projects on sociable weaver colonies in the Kalahari and on avian brood parasitism in Zambia.
Online Public Access Catalogue & Reprints
The Niven Library's online public access catalogue is a searchable database listing all publications in the Library. Reprints can be obtained by contacting the Library Manager.
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Sapwood is creamy white or yellowish color. When freshly sawn the heartwood is a light pinkish-brown color, that deepens to a reddish-brown and sometimes has a purple hue.
Shade: Dark
Sapwood is narrow and golden light brown in color and clearly demarcated from the orange-brown heartwood. The heartwood tends to be lightly streaked and turns a brownish-yellow with exposure to light and air.
Almost white, when freshly cut. Oxidizes to golden and red tones
Shade: light
Sapwood is a light pink or pale brown color, not always demarcated from the heartwood. Heartwood is a light salmon to reddish brown, darkening with age to a medium to dark brown. Quarter sawn surfaces exhibit a ribbon-like appearance similar to Sapele.
Heartwood is creamy yellow to pale pink or reddish-brown, darkening slightly upon exposure. The heartwood is not sharply demarcated from the sapwood, which is similar in color.
Heartwood ranges in color from medium reddish-brown to deep orange-red. Very fragrant.
Sapwood nearly white, heartwood varies from greyish to light brown
Sapwood is white, blending into light brown heartwood
Sapwood and heartwood are very similar in color, which is creamy white to pale yellow, darkening with exposure to air and light to a deeper golden color.
Wood is light creamy white to very light brown in color with no distinct difference between the heartwood and sapwood.
Sapwood usually quite large and creamy white in color, merging into the heartwood which is pale to reddish brown
Sapwood is white with a red tinge, while the heartwood is light to dark red/brown
Sapwood appears light, with a cream-like or white color. Heartwood may be light reddish-brown or dark-brown tinged with red.
Heartwood is a light yellowish to golden brown, sometimes with grey to nearly black streaks and veins. Wood with this darker figuring is referred to as Black Limba, while plain unfigured wood is called White Limba. Sapwood is a pale greyish to yellowish brown, not clearly demarcated from the heartwood. Color tends to darken with age.
Bright vivid red. Color can darken to brownish red over time with exposure to light and air.
Ranges from tan to golden brown to pale golden yellow, with irregular brown streaks. Heartwood is sharply demarcated from the greyish or yellowish sapwood. With age, the heartwood can be tobacco colored or dark brown with almost black streaks.
Sapwood can be wide and is either white or pink and sometimes gray. Heartwood varies from salmon red to orange brown which darkens to a red brown when exposed to sun.
Wide range of colors and figures, from solid with even color, to streaked and marble-like figure. Heartwood ranges from olive brown to near black and can have lighter or darker markings that are sharply separated from the sapwood, which is lighter and yellow in appearance. When first cut, the colors and figure are bright and bold. Once exposed to air and light, the brightness of the wood diminishes and takes on a darker, more subtle appearance.
Sapwood is very pale with clear demarcations. Heartwood can be a variety of colors, including pink, vivid red or red-brown with purple veining. With exposure, veining becomes less conspicuous and deep colors fade to medium brown with a reddish tint.
Sapwood, which is usually very narrow, is white to grayish brown. Heartwood is a chestnut brown color that can often contain pink and red tones variegated with different shades of brown.
Sapwood, which is clearly demarcated from the heartwood, is pale yellowish. Heartwood is a vivid yellow or orange, usually variegated and sometimes rainbow-hued. Typically darkens to red or brown.
Heartwood varies from rich red to reddish brown and will darken with age and on exposure to light. Sapwood is creamy white. May naturally contain brown pith flecks and small gum pockets.
Heartwood contains many colors and can range from yellow, orange to a reddish-brown with dark brown to black streaks throughout. Sapwood is a whitish color and is not frequently used for commercial purposes.
Sapwood is white and may contain brown streaks while the heartwood may be pale to light brown.
Sapwood is a yellowish-brown and is distinct from the heartwood, which is a reddish-brown to purple-hued brown. Exposure to light makes the overall color become more uniform.
Sapwood is pale yellow white with heartwood varying in color from light to dark or reddish brown
Only the black or brown heartwood is used commercially.
Sapwood easily distinguished from heartwood, though similar in color. Heartwood is a pale yellow-brown or “biscuit” color, that may range to light tan or deep brown in color. English Oak stained by the beef-steak fungus, often called Brown Oak, is extremely desirable and is converted into decorative veneers for use in furniture and paneling. This color cannot be reproduced with stains, and is considered highly desirable.
Sapwood is light-colored creamy white to light yellowish in color. The heartwood ranges in color from light to dark brown.
Heartwood is pale in color, ranging in shades pale cream with a pinkish-brown or an orange-tan hue. The wood is typically sold steamed which gives the wood a more even and uniform color which can become more reddish-pink in tone.
Heartwood is typically a medium reddish brown with irregularly spaced streaks of dark brown to black. Sapwood is easily distinguished from the heartwood and is a brownish-white to gray. Color tends to darken this wood with age.
Heartwood varies somewhat in color and can be found in red, black and brown variations, sometimes with mottling and streaks. Sapwood is very pale, almost white.
Yellowish grey to light brown with yellow streaks, with Little difference between the sapwood and heartwood.
Creamy white sapwood, often tinged with pink or pale reddish brown tones. Heartwood is more red in color, varying from light to dark reddish-brown.
Heartwood ranges in color from pale brown, to brown with red tinges
Heartwood typically olive-brown, with variations in color from a reddish-brown to a to a dark blackish brown. Sapwood is yellowish-white and easily distinguished.
Sapwood is typically a pale brown. Heartwood can vary from a light golden-brown to a dark brown and tends to darken over time. There can be dark spots or streaks (which are calcium carbonate deposits).
White sapwood that is sharply demarcated from the heartwood. Heartwood is golden-orange to brown in color and darkens with age. The wood can at times be colored with yellow bands of soft tissue that form a zigzag pattern on all surfaces, plus darker colored surrounding materials are usually present.
Heartwood is a dark purplish or reddish brown with darker black streaks. Sapwood is a pale yellow.
The narrow sapwood ranges in color from almost white to pale yellow. Heartwood is pale pink to light reddish-brown with a silver grain that gives the wood a silvery sheen. With age, the heartwood matures to a brownish color.
Sapwood of is brownish-red while heartwood is more chocolate-brown in color. Has a flaky, speckled figure with dark flecks, varying from a small lace-like pattern.
Lyptus lumber varies in color from light pink to red. The heartwood is a medium pink and the sapwood in paler. The sapwood is typically very narrow.
Sapwood is yellowish-white to pale brown, with heartwood that varies from medium to deep red-brown, and in some heavier woods, a deep, rich red.
Heartwood ranges in color from pale pink to deep red, or red-brown. The sapwood is white to light pink, and is clearly demarcated from the heartwood. Figured grain patterns are commonly seen: mottled, curly, wavy and moire.
Marupa
Sapwood and heartwood not demarcated. Core color straw-white, lightly yellowish in color.
Creamy-white to pale straw color with no demarcation between the sapwood and heartwood.
Heartwood is salmon pink to pale pinkish-brown or reddish-brown. It darkens with exposure to light to a mahogany-like color, and is relatively demarcated from the white to pale grey sapwood.
Pale pinkish-brown to almost white with almost no profound difference between heartwood and sapwood.
Vividly colored heartwood, that when freshly cut appears deep red. After exposure, it turns to a deep purple-brown with red streaks. The distinct sapwood ranges in color from white to yellowish-brown.
Deep, rich, dark chocolate brown heartwood with a blackish stripe that creates a desirable figure. It can sometimes have a purplish hue, and may also contain streaks of lighter-colored wood mixed throughout the heartwood—these streaks can sometimes be extensive and result in a high degree of waste.
Sapwood is creamy white and may be streaked. The heartwood is usually tan but can vary from pale yellowish brown to olive green. The green color in the heartwood will tend to darken on exposure to light and turn brown.
Off-white sapwood is sharply demarcated from the heartwood. When freshly cut the heartwood of Purpleheart is a dull grayish/purplish brown. Upon exposure the wood becomes a deeper eggplant purple. With further age and exposure to UV light, the wood becomes a dark brown with a hint of purple.
Sapwood in greyish white to light brown in color, with heartwood that is reddish brown to dark brown in color.
Heartwood is uniform pinkish light brown color. The sapwood, which is usual very narrow, is lighter in color.
Sapwood ranges from white to light brown in color and the heartwood is a pinkish reddish brown.
Yellow sapwood with an appearance distinctly different from the heartwood. The pinkish-brown to purple-brown tones of the heartwood appear in alternating dark and light streaks with black markings, creating a very attractive figure.
White sapwood is sharply demarcated from the heartwood. Heartwood offers a wide range of colors from light orange-brown tones to a dark reddish-brown in color.
Sapwood tends to be wide and is white to light pink, while the heartwood is reddish brown, often with darker streaks.
Heartwood is medium to dark-reddish brown with a medium texture, high-luster, pale yellow sapwood.
Narrow sapwood is yellowish white, with a pale brown to orange brown heartwood.
Sapwood is very pale with clear demarcations. A variety of colors can be found in the heartwood that include pink, vivid red, or red-brown with purple veining. On exposure, the veining becomes less conspicuous, and the deep colors fade to yellow or medium brown with a reddish tint.
Sapwood is light brown in color and is well demarcated from the heartwood. Heartwood is a pinkish-brown to a red-brown, which can even have a purple tint.
Sapwood varies in color from creamy white to greyish-white and is sometimes marked with darker colored pith flecks. Heartwood varies from light to dark reddish-brown.
Uniform pinkish to reddish brown. Color darkens with age.
Sapwood is white to light yellow and heartwood is light to dark brown.
Heartwood is almost always a rich golden brown in color, but may also vary from rich brown to a deep, chocolate brown with very dark markings. The sapwood is white to pale yellow in color, and is clearly demarcated from the heartwood.
Sapwood is creamy white or pale pink and up to four inches wide and is not always sharply demarcated from the heartwood. The heartwood is a pinkish-brown or a dull, uniform red. When exposed to air and sunlight, the heartwood turns a deep red-brown.
Sapwood is creamy white, while the heartwood is light to dark chocolate brown, occasionally with a purplish cast and darker streaks. Walnut is usually supplied steamed to darken sapwood.
Wood ranges in color from a pale cream to a yellowish-brown or straw color with the sapwood and heartwood very similar.
Sapwood is light in color and can range from a pale yellow-brown to a greyish white. The heartwood may be either light brown in color or a darker brown with deep, golden tones.
Sapwood usually appears pale and creamy, sometimes with yellow tones. Heartwood varies from a straw-like color to a deep yewllowish-tan color. Resin ducts often appear as fine brown lines.
The sapwood of willow varies according to growing conditions and is light creamy brown in color. In contrast, the heartwood is pale reddish brown to greyish brown.
The sapwood is whitish in color, and virtually without feature. The heartwood is straw-like in color and distinctively marked with narrow veining or “streaks” of color ranging from dark brown to almost black.
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Central European Floods
Earthquakes in Turkey
Multiple Hazards in Switzerland
Heat Waves in London
Floods in Northern England
emBRACE Handbook
Outputs > emBRACE Handbook - UNDER CONSTRUCTION > emBRACE Handbook - Case Studies >
Italy & Switzerland Alpine Hazards
Source Document: Lydia Pedoth, Sebastian Jülich, Richard Taylor, Christian Kofler, Nilufar Matin, John Forrester, Stefan Schneiderbauer. 2015-03-31. Case study report: Alpine Hazards in South Tyrol (Italy) and Grison (Switzerland). Deliverable 5.4
The Alpine hazards research was in two parts. The first based in the South Tyrol; the second in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland.
Introduction to the South Tyrolean Research
In the Alps, natural hazards are part of everyday life and tied into local history and culture. They shape the livelihoods, identity and resilience of the community. Communities live with continuous risk and cope frequently with small, and sometimes major, impact events. Every year, different kinds of natural hazard events cause damages, losses and deaths. How to prepare for, cope with and recover from them are key questions for our society, particularly in mountain terrain.
Within this context the emBRACE case study offered a great opportunity to investigate on community resilience by working in close contact with the local community of Badia in South Tyrol. Moreover, it allowed to collect empirical data in order to get a better understanding of which key aspects influence resilience, how to assess, describe and possibly measure them. The work was inspired and supported by the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, particularly interested due to its focus on communities and the inclusion of social sciences perspectives and methods in the often technical and natural-science-dominated research on risk and natural hazards.
The small alpine community of Badia in December 2012 was hit by an exceptionally big landslide. The municipality lies in a very landslide-prone area and experienced several events in the past, one big landslide event in exactly the same area in 1821. Against this background we were particularly interested in people’s risk perception and if risk perception increased after the recently experienced event, as described in other studies in different contexts and referred to different types of natural hazards (Perry and Lindell, 1990; Becker et al, 2001; Johnston et al, 1999). Furthermore, risk perception is a major factor that influences people’s motivation to support or implement preparedness, prevention and adaptation measures in the context of natural hazards. Nevertheless, at the same time people tend to be less worried about risks they know and they are familiar with (Jurt, 2009). Besides risk knowledge and past experience, within our work we wanted to investigate which other factors such as values, attitudes and feelings as well as cultural determinants influence natural hazard perception and risk attitude (Kuhlicke et al, 2011). These aspects are of particular value for the case study community as it belongs to a linguistic and cultural minority within the region of South Tyrol.
One aim of our case study was to link the knowledge about risk perception to risk management, because it can contribute to shape a more effective community response. It can also help the responsible authorities in disaster planning activities and the development and improvement of strategies for disaster risk reduction (Eiser et al, 2012; Davis et al 2005). Therefore, we wanted to work also with the community of supporters, with officers from public authorities dealing with risk management, looking at the different interactions and networks among them, but also between them and the population. We think that a fuller grasp of what community resilience might be involves both an understanding of the top-down policy network responsible for “the big picture” and also of the community network, which may have its own resilience but which is also often responsible for the plan implementation.
The research questions of the case study can be summarised into two groups.
The first is focusing in risk perception and investigates the following questions:
• How did the population of Badia perceive the landslide event in 2012?
• Which aspects influence peoples’ risk perception?
• How did the risk perception change due to the event in 2012?
• What is the role of local knowledge and past hazard experience for community resilience?
• How did people perceive the interventions carried out by authorities and organisation in response to the landslide event?
The second group of research questions looks at the role of social networks for community resilience and addresses the following questions:
• How are present responsibilities and relationships between authorities and between persons in charge for natural hazard management shaped?
• How do networks within the population interact with the network of organisational actors and the community of supporters?
• How do social and policy networks influence the resilience of communities?
Summary and Conclusions South Tyrolean Research
In this last section we want to summarise the main findings of the case study work in South Tyrol and draw some conclusions in terms of community resilience.
Findings show that in the case study community Badia people have a high risk awareness, they are aware of living in an area of high risk and they know about past hazard events, some of them experienced them personnally while the majority has heard or read about it. Nevertheless, results show that before 2012 they did not expect a real event happening and as a consequence did not actively prepare for it by undertaking preparedness measures. While risk awareness is positively correlated with the age of respondents, elderly people being more aware of living in a high risk area, the perceived risk for future landsildes event is not related to age and is distributed in a similar way among all age groups: the most common answer was that they did not expect such an event happening. In line with this results is also the fact that people do not perceive themselves, as individuals, responsible for the mitigation and protection against natural hazards and the knowledge about existing mitigation and protection measures is quite low. Indeed, people have a high trust in authorities and civil protection actors and perceive them as responsible for mitigation and protection measures. The event experienced in 2012 had a huge impact on peoples’ risk perception, showing an increase especially for people that were affected directly by the landslide and for people that live in close proximity to the landslide area.
Results of the case study work show the importance of local and traditional knowledge for resilience building. The most important information sources for past hazard knowledge are other village members and family, resulting more important than media. While media are more used by young people, surprisingly there is no difference by age groups for family and village members, being these the most important information sources also among young people. The family and the community show to be also an important information source after an event happening. In december 2012 people used them as much as the media to obtain information.
Being part of the community and having a strong family network, as well as with the other members of the community, and therefore having access to information coming from “real faces”, resulted to be very important for forming community identity. The feeling of community belonging and the strong presence of social networks proved to be very important as a crucial support to deal with the impacts of natural hazard events and to contribute positively to community resilience.
In the case study we looked at the interactions between the population and the community of supporters and how people perceived the period after the event. We also considered the activities carried out by authorities and supporters. Results show that people are satisfied with the way authorities and supporters dealt with the event, particularly with the coordination of action forces. Also results from the interviews with key actors of the community of supporters point in the same direction and confirm the well funtioning and good management of the response phase. This is partly due to the fact that in the first days and weeks after an event happening, the public and media attention is high and during this period additional resources and funds are available. This is true for financial and human resources, but also in terms of solidarity and sympathy. In fact, results show that 16 months after the event the satisfaction with provided information and recovery actions decreased. In terms of resilience, out of the findings we can say that it is important to look not only at the short term after a disaster, but also to the mid and long term. Moreover, it is essential to foresee and improve strategies for the mid and long term, especially concerning information, because the impacts on peoples’ risk perception, their feelings of danger and concern about future hazards last beyond the first weeks and months after an event happening.
Results from the social network mapping and analysis show that there is a high connectivity between the geographical community of Badia and the community of supporters. The results of the population network, showing to which organization people go for help and support in case of an event, reflect well and are coherent with the actions foreseen inside the existing local emergency plans. All results from the different analysis carried out for the network, such as frequency, centrality and importance of actors, show that the two most important actors are the volunteer fire brigade and the municipality of Badia. Both of them are locally based and people working for them are not only members of the community of supporters but also members of the community they support. In terms of resilience, this confirms the importance of the local presence on the territory and the interconnection between the geographical community and the community of supporters: knowing people working in the organization increases trust, and being part of the community people support leads to a better understanding of their needs and perceptions. These two elements are crucial for crises situations.
The results of the mapping and analysis of the organizational network carried out with key actors of the community of supporters show a highly interlinked core network involving actors from different organizational scales (local, provincial and national). The individually drafted maps show a high level of coherence, revealing that the actors have a similar view of the network, which is very important in a crises or disaster situation. Additional key factors for resilience turned out to be the existence of a local civil protection plan and regular emergency exercises, the fact that the core network needs little time to become active and fully operative, as well as the personal knowledge and trust in the other members of the network. Thanks to these characteristics, the network resulted to be very resilient with no missing links or marginalized members.
One could argue, and it could be interesting for further research, that some of the characteristics that proved to be positive for resilience in this circumstance could also weaken the stability and the resilience of the network under other circumstances. The fact for example that the network is “highly personalized” and actors know and trust each other could become critical for the network if one or more of the actors is not available or has to change.
The study focused on the network and its functioning after the landslide event in 2012. Results are also valid for other kind of hazards, because its structure and underlying regulations are the same and should guarantee more in general the protection of people and goods. The composition of its members can vary slightly according to the type of hazards and include additional experts. Despite this wider validity of the network and its hazard independency, its experiences are strongly linked to alpine hazards and therefore linked to well-known hazards. It would be interesting for further research to understand if the network performs in the same way and results resilient even if confronted with unknown hazards.
The Grisons case study
The second part of the Alpine case study report draws on research conducted in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. The main aim of the Grisons case study report is to investigate how resilience indicators at the local level can be developed. The emphasis here is on methodological issues.
Summary and Conclusion Grisons Research
If several fully quantified single indicators are developed, it is crucial to transform the input parameters always to the same numerical dimension reflecting the level of resilience. Otherwise the single indicators cannot be combined in form of a composite index. In this study values between and 0 and 1 was chosen. It is not always possible to fully operationalize an indicator quantitatively, nor is it reasonable. A higher level of quantification not automatically goes with higher relevance to resilience assessment. But there is a certain demand by practitioners for concrete quantitative measures of resilience. This has to be addressed by science and the aim of a resilience assessment should determine the indicator operationalization.
However, quantification inevitably means determination und therewith contestability. This is the reason why all steps of decisions made during the quantification of indicators should be laid open. Quantitative indicators are to be seen as the best possible quantitative operationalization according to present qualitative knowledge about resilience in the study region. Quantified indicators are never all encompassing for all time and all regions. When indicators are transferred from one region or country to another, the indicators have to be revalidated carefully to ensure that the indicators actually measure the intended concept.
Photo of the landslide event in Badia in December 2012. Destroyed residential buildings in the foreground. Source: Photo taken by Christian Iasio
Introduction | Concepts | Methods | Case Studies | Reaching Out | Resources
Introduction | Central Europe - Floods | Turkey - Earthquakes | Italy and Switzerland - Alpine Hazards | London - Heatwaves | Northern England - Floods
emBRACE-Deliverable_5.4 lage.pdf
Maureen Fordham,
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‘Contraband’ tops box office
January 16, 2012 CNN.com - Entertainment
Sixty nine percent of CinemaScore's participants listed Mark Wahlberg as their reason for buying a ticket for "Contraband."
"Contraband" earned an estimated $24.1 million over the standard three-day weekend
In second was "Beauty and the Beast 3D" with $18.5 million for the three-day frame
"Joyful Noise," drew a smaller congregation with $11.3 million
(EW.com) -- We're counting on Gaston Wahlberg to lead the way!
In a weekend that saw both the Mark Wahlberg thriller "Contraband" and Disney's 3-D re-release of "Beauty and the Beast" perform better than expected, it was the former that crossed the finish line in first place.
The R-rated "Contraband," which stars Wahlberg as a former smuggler trying to protect his brother-in-law from a drug lord, earned an estimated $24.1 million over the standard three-day weekend, and looks to finish the four-day holiday weekend with about $28 million. That's a solid start for the $25 million movie, a remake of the 2008 Icelandic thriller "Reykjavík-Rotterdam." It also represents Wahlberg's strongest solo debut since 2008′s "The Happening." (What? No!)
"Contraband" confirmed Wahlberg's ability to open a movie, as 69 percent of CinemaScore's participants listed the actor as their reason for buying a ticket. It received an overall "A-" from the tracking service's graders, indicating positive word of mouth. But the movie will have to contend with a number of action films in the coming weeks, including "Haywire," "Underworld: Awakening," and "The Grey."
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In second was "Beauty and the Beast 3D" with $18.5 million for the three-day frame -- the largest January opening for an animated film (topping 2006′s "Hoodwinked"). Disney spent less than $10 million converting the 1991 classic to 3-D, so this kind of opening more than justifies the studio's decision to re-release the musical. It also bodes well for Disney's future 3-D re-releases: "Finding Nemo" in September, and "Monsters, Inc." and "The Little Mermaid" in 2013. "Beast" should finish the four-day weekend with around $25 million.
However, despite "Beast's" commendable performance, it's worth pointing out that it fell short of last September's "The Lion King 3D," which debuted to $30.2 million. That could be the result of several factors. For one, "King" was a much bigger hit in its original release, earning $312.9 million versus "Beast's" $145.9 million. Second, "Beast" has been out on 3-D Blu-ray since October, whereas "King" didn't come out on Blu-ray until after it returned to theaters. And "Beast" had a harder time attracting the interest of boys. According to Disney, just 31 percent of "Beast 3D's" audience was male -- compared to 44 percent for "Lion King 3D."
The weekend's third new release, the gospel-singing dramedy "Joyful Noise," drew a smaller congregation with $11.3 million over the three-day frame. The $25 million movie, starring Queen Latifah and Dolly Parton, is on pace for $14 million by Monday night. Those who saw the film loved it, though, as CinemaScore moviegoers handed the picture an "A-" rating. According to the tracking service, 73 percent of the audience was female, and 78 percent was at least 25 years old. A rep for Warner Bros. said the film performed particularly well throughout the South and Midwest.
Among holdovers, "Mission: Impossible -- Ghost Protocol" dropped a mild 42 percent for $11.5 million. On Saturday it surpassed the original "Mission: Impossible's" $181 million gross to become the action franchise's second-highest grossing film, behind "Mission: Impossible II" with $215.4 million. "Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows" continued to hold up well, too, slipping just 39 percent for $8.4 million, and pushing its cumulative total to $170 million.
One film that did not hang on well was last week's winner, "The Devil Inside." The R-rated horror flick plummeted 77 percent for $7.9 million. That's the largest second-weekend drop for a wide release since 2009′s "Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience" -- now there's a double feature for you! It's also the third-worst decline on record for a film playing in at least 2,000 theaters, behind 2003′s "Gigli" and 2009′s "Friday the 13th." But don't feel too bad for "The Devil Inside," as it has already consumed $46.2 million on a $1 million budget.
"The Iron Lady," starring Meryl Streep as former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, expanded from five to 802 theaters and earned a respectable $5.4 million, which was just enough for 10th place.
1. Contraband -- $24.1 mil
2. Beauty and the Beast 3D -- $18.5 mil
3. Mission: Impossible -- Ghost Protocol -- $11.5 mil
4. Joyful Noise -- $11.3 mil
5. Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows -- $8.4 mil
See the full article at EW.com.
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Newcomer Gina Rodriguez wows Sundance as "Filly Brown"
January 23, 2012 Celebrity News Headlines - Yahoo! News
PARK CITY, Utah (Reuters) - Gina Rodriguez may have arrived at the Sundance Film Festival as a complete unknown, but the 27-year Puerto Rican is leaving it an indie film star.
Rodriguez became the toast of the Sundance Film Festival's opening weekend playing the title character in new movie "Filly Brown," about a young Latina rapper struggling to keep her family together after her mom is jailed on drug charges.
When Filly gets a crack at musical stardom, she must make a choice between staying true to her poetic lyrics or accepting a deal that focuses on her sexuality but guarantees a paycheck.
Under the tutelage of Latin hip-hop record veterans Lisa "Khool-Aid" Rios and Edward "E-Dub" Rios, who served as the film's music producers, Rodriguez was so convincing as a singer that in a question-and-answer session after the film's premiere, audience members asked where they could buy her music.
The Hollywood Reporter said Rodriguez delivered a "magnetic star turn" and a "dynamic breakout performance" in a film where her screen time is split between churning out dramatic acting and rapping numerous hip-hop numbers.
With reactions and reviews like that, there can be little doubt that "Filly Brown" marks a career-making performance for Rodriguez, who last year appeared on TV soap opera "The Bold and the Beautiful" and in a supporting role in the film "Go For It!"
She told Reuters that playing Filly Brown was amazing opportunity to portray a character with whom she could identify.
"It's a powerful Latina lead, and seldom do I get the opportunity to audition for something like that," said Rodriguez. "Filly is tough, or least she uses the toughness to hide her pain sometimes, and I think we all do that."
"Filly had a dream, and she didn't know how to go about doing it and she didn't really have help," Rodriguez said. "I can understand that."
FROM CHICAGO TO SUNDANCE
Born and raised in an inner city neighborhood of Chicago, Rodriguez "came from nothing" as the youngest of three sisters of Puerto Rican immigrants who stressed education with their daughters. Heeding that advice, Rodriguez's older sisters went on to become an investment banker and a lawyer, but Rodriguez wanted to act, much to her father's dismay.
She studied at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts and worked in theater before booking her first guest-starring role on TV crime show "Law & Order." But it was her father seeing her play Mexican artist Frida Kahlo in an American Stage production of "Casa Blue" that served as a turning point for the young actress.
"He turned to me and said he was proud," said Rodriguez, her eyes tearing up. "Having him accept what I did, that was my big break. It's so important to me to make my father and mother proud. And I want to do it with integrity and respect."
With buzz building, she already has secured a talent development deal at the ABC television network and is plotting to work on a movie where she'd play a female boxer.
Additionally, now that she's a legitimate music artist thanks to the songs she recorded in "Filly Brown," Rodriguez is not averse to pursuing a music career.
"I've always had an alter ego; I sing in the shower like everybody else does," she laughed.
She is spending time in a recording studio with Khool-Aid and E-Dub, both of whom helped Rodriguez find her voice and introduced her to Latino hip-hop and artists and others.
But even as movie and music executives come knocking at her with the riches promised by stardom, Rodriguez wants to use any new fame to be a role model for young Latina girls.
"I want to give a voice to these girls in the 'hood where I grew up and let them know that you can be an investment banker, or a doctor, and we can portray that on screen," said Rodriguez.
"Any dream you have takes hard work, doesn't happen overnight and you shouldn't be afraid of that," she said. "If you put your heart and soul into it, and you do it with honesty and integrity and respect, you will succeed. I am a testament to that."
(Reporting By Zorianna Kit; Editing by Bob Tourtellotte)
Celebrity News Headlines - Yahoo! News
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Quarterly reports are required for the Emergency Non-Certified Personnel Program. These are submitted by the participating school districts. The reports are due as follows:
October, November December
January, February, March
April, May, June
In 1998, the Education Professional Standards Board established the Emergency Non-Certified School Personnel Pilot Program in response to the growing difficulties experienced by school districts in recruiting and retaining qualified substitute teachers. Participation in the program for the 1998-99 school year was limited to five school districts, participation was expanded for the 1999-2000 school year to twelve districts. In 2000, the EPSB amended 704 KAR 20:210 to open the program to any school district in Kentucky. The Emergency Non-Certified School Personnel Program allows participating school districts to use persons with a high school diploma, or its equivalent, when all other qualified substitutes are unavailable.
In 2002, the EPSB amended 704 KAR 20:210 to 16 KAR 2:030 creating a rolling application process throughout the school year and allowing some personnel to be utilized district wide.
For districts that did not participate during the previous school year:
A district must submit a written letter of application for participation in the program with the following supporting documentation:
The number of teaching days not filled with an appropriately certified teacher or appropriately certified emergency substitute in the preceding year;
The extent and anticipated usage of emergency school personnel;
A plan to eliminate the need for emergency school personnel in the future;
The steps taken by the district to recruit and retain emergency certified personnel;
The recruitment of persons with a high school diploma (or its equivalent), age 25 or over, except an individual enrolled in an approved teacher education program who may be less than 25 years old;
Recruitment of parents or paraprofessionals assigned to the school (the EPSB does not encourage the use of instructional assistants assigned to other classrooms, since regular classroom teachers are relying on these assistants to be available to them);
A detailed outline of a minimum 18-clock-hour orientation program including emphasis on student safety, district policies and procedures; district may develop their own
An outline of the district screening process, including the required criminal record and reference check.
For districts that did participate during the previous school year:
Continued participation during the upcoming year (contingent upon EPSB approval) requires submission of Form TC-EN.
ALL districts selected for participation in the program must agree to the following:
To utilize each substitute in only the school to which he/she has been assigned, unless the substitute was in the program the previous year;
To submit quarterly reports to the EPSB documenting the number of days personnel were utilized under this program;
The Program Participants form is to submit with the first quarterly report a complete list (by name, Social Security Number, and school; of substitutes employed via this program, all of whom must have a high school diploma or its equivalent and be at least 25 years of age, except those individuals enrolled in an approved teacher education program, who may be less than 25 years of age; and
To submit a year-end evaluation of the program.
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Equine Surgeon Receives Prestigious Honor
November 27, 2020 | Filed under: Health & Training | Posted by: equine
By: Hannah Kleckner Hall
Dean W. Richardson, DVM, DACVS, Chief of Large Animal Surgery at the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Veterinary Medicine’s (Penn Vet) New Bolton Center, has been selected as the recipient of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) prestigious ACVS Founders’ Award for Career Achievement. The recognition was first announced during the virtual ACVS Diplomates’ Annual Business Meeting held on October 20, 2020.
Established to recognize the service of ACVS Diplomates who have distinguished themselves in the pursuit of surgery, the award is bestowed to those who have made significant contributions to the development of surgical techniques and methodology, and disseminating knowledge to colleagues, residents, and students.
“In selecting Dr. Richardson, the [ACVS] membership recognizes a world-renowned leader in the equine surgery field, whose contributions over the last 30-plus years have greatly impacted the art and science of veterinary surgery,” said the ACVS in a written statement about the College’s 2020 award recipients. “He is a talented surgeon, mentor, researcher, educator, and a role model for students, interns, residents, and clinicians around the world.”
Richardson’s contributions to fostering innovative, cutting-edge equine orthopedic surgical techniques are extensive. From developing uses of locking compression plates in horses and refining procedures to decrease infection associated with surgical implants, to pioneering novel imaging techniques to diagnose, manage, and improve fracture repair outcomes, Richardson has “continued to relentlessly push the field of equine surgery into the future,” added the ACVS.
“He is, in my opinion, the ‘surgeon’s surgeon’ and the ‘teacher’s teacher’, and the ACVS is lucky to have such a great role model for our College and profession,” said one colleague and nominator. “I would not be the surgeon that I am today without his mentorship and support.”
“This recognition from the AVCS membership is a tremendous honor and I am humbled to receive it,” said Richardson. “I am immensely grateful to my extraordinary colleagues who have inspired me over the years, as well as the thousands of talented, ambitious veterinary students, interns, and residents who have done the same – watching them grow, learn, and succeed has been my greatest joy.”
“Throughout his time at New Bolton Center, Dr. Richardson has had a profound impact not only on the specialty of orthopedic surgery, but on the careers of hundreds of aspiring veterinary surgeons – from veterinary students to interns, residents and young faculty,” said Katrin Hinrichs, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACT, and Chair of the Department of Clinical Studies at Penn Vet’s New Bolton Center. “His invaluable mentorship, drive, and formidable contributions to the field continue to inspire hopeful and accomplished clinicians alike – this is a deeply well-deserved honor.”
Richardson graduated from the Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine in 1979, before beginning his tenure at Penn Vet’s New Bolton Center as a large animal rotating intern. Upon completion of his large animal surgery residency in 1982, he stayed on as a lecturer before officially joining the faculty as an assistant professor in 1985. In 1994, Richardson was named the Charles W. Raker Associate Professor of Equine Surgery and eventually was promoted to full professor in 1999. Since 2001, Richardson has served as the Chief of Large Animal Surgery at New Bolton Center. He was recognized by the ACVS Foundation as an Honored Mentor in 2014.
Additional information outlining Dr. Richardson’s multi-faceted contributions to the field of veterinary surgery is available here.
About ACVS
Founded in 1965, the American College of Veterinary Surgeons is the specialty board which sets the certification standards for advanced professionalism in veterinary surgery and provides the latest in surgical educational programs. ACVS is the AVMA-recognized veterinary specialty organization™ for certification of veterinarians in large animal surgery and small animal surgery.
By fostering the highest standards of excellence in veterinary surgery, ACVS is helping the veterinary profession achieve its goals of providing outstanding service to the public and care to animals. Following the 2020 certification examination, ACVS membership includes more than 2,200 Diplomates.
About Penn Vet
Ranked among the top ten veterinary schools worldwide, the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine (Penn Vet) is a global leader in veterinary education, research, and clinical care. Founded in 1884, Penn Vet is the first veterinary school developed in association with a medical school. The school is a proud member of the One Health initiative, linking human, animal, and environmental health.
Penn Vet serves a diverse population of animals at its two campuses, which include extensive diagnostic and research laboratories. Ryan Hospital in Philadelphia provides care for dogs, cats, and other domestic/companion animals, handling nearly 35,300 patient visits a year. New Bolton Center, Penn Vet’s large-animal hospital on nearly 700 acres in rural Kennett Square, PA, cares for horses and livestock/farm animals. The hospital handles nearly 5,300 patient visits a year, while the Field Service treats more than 38,000 patients at local farms. In addition, New Bolton Center’s campus includes a swine center, working dairy, and poultry unit that provide valuable research for the agriculture industry.
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Special Diets Chevron Right
Popular Diet Program Reviews Chevron Right
Should You Try Intermittent Fasting for Weight Loss?
Intermittent fasting has shown some promise when it comes to weight loss. But before you dive in to days of serious calorie restriction mixed in with more normal eating days, read on to see if it's worth a shot.
Allison Knott, MS, RDN, LDN and Abbey Sharp, RD, AbbeysKitchen.com
Throughout history, the human body has learned to cope with both feast and famine (thanks to necessity). In today's world, with more than half of the American population attempting to lose or maintain weight, some people are turning once again to this feast-or-famine approach for weight loss. Intermittent fasting, as it's known today, has shown some promise when it comes to weight loss, but like any other diet, there are questions about its long-term efficacy.
Don't Miss: 1,200-Calorie Meal Plan to Lose Weight
What Is Intermittent Fasting?
Intermittent fasting is defined as an eating pattern that cycles between periods of minimal calorie intake (as low as 500-600 calories) and times when you can eat as much as you want (no calorie restrictions). While the premise is simple, the "rules" of intermittent fasting are less so; there's no official schedule to follow to know when to fast and when to eat, and there are no clear-cut caloric designations to help guide your intake. Some adherents consider a 24-hour period with minimal calorie intake followed by a 24-hour period of adequate intake to be the definition of intermittent fasting; others limit the days of fasting to just two days per week and follow an unrestricted diet the other five days of the week.
Does Intermittent Fasting Work?
Related: Healthy 400-Calorie Dinners
Most people will end up losing weight on this type of plan, but that doesn't mean it's for everyone. "This lack of a clear definition has the potential to create confusion," says Rachele Pojednic, Ph.D., assistant professor of nutrition at Simmons College in Boston. Yet Pojednic says the overall concept of intermittent fasting generally translates successfully to losing weight. "No matter the pattern of restriction, the result is reduced calorie intake-which leads to weight loss," she notes.
What Does Science Say About Intermittent Fasting?
Intermittent fasting sounds promising, until you take a closer look at the research. Karen Collins, M.S., R.D.N., nutrition advisor to the American Institute for Cancer Research, notes one significant problem with recommending intermittent fasting for weight loss: most of the research to date has been conducted on animals. "Previous [animal] studies have shown success using intermittent fasting to decrease insulin and the visceral fat that is connected to health risks, but the problem is translating those results to humans," Collins says.
Yet, research continues to be conducted. A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine looked at the effects of intermittent fasting on 100 overweight and obese people. The study participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: alternate-day fasting, where participants consumed 25 percent of total calorie needs on fasting days and 125 percent of total calorie needs on "feast" days; a calorie-restriction group, where individuals consumed 75 percent of total calorie needs on all days; and a control group with no intervention. The study lasted for one year, and was broken into two phases-a six-month weight-loss phase and a six-month weight-maintenance phase. The primary measured outcomes were change in body weight, followed by metabolic changes such as blood pressure, heart rate, insulin resistance and fasting glucose, among others.
The results of the study showed no difference between intermittent fasting and standard calorie restriction in terms of changes in body weight or metabolic factors. Pojednic says the results are predictable: "No matter what diet you're on, there will be metabolic changes," she says. In other words, most diets are successful at first because of the calorie restriction. The difficulty lies in long-term maintenance. "There may be some for whom [intermittent fasting] works, but they need to be conscious of how they're going to learn to eat in a sustainable way that maintains a healthy weight," Collins says.
Collins points to the reality of our food environment as a limiting factor in sustaining weight loss. "Most of us are living in a world where there are very high-calorie foods in very large portions available to us 24/7," she says. "Somehow we have to figure out how to enjoy foods so that we aren't deprived. That becomes the challenge for long-term weight loss."
Intermittent fasting developed partially as a response to this challenge. "It's clear that people have a tough time restricting calories," Collins notes. "Some researchers thought that perhaps alternating restriction days could make it more sustainable."
Credit: Westend61/ Getty
Related: Intermittent Fasting Might Help You Lose Weight by Decreasing Appetite
Intermittent Fasting Pros and Cons
Intermittent Fasting Benefits:
1. Regain fewer pounds
In one study, the IF regime was compared to a heart-healthy diet, and researchers found that while both groups lost comparable amounts of weight, the IF-regime group regained less of the weight lost. Since many dieters who lose weight gain back most of it, regaining fewer pounds is a benefit to long-term weight loss. Another study found that, compared with daily calorie restriction, participants who used a IF weight-loss regime were able to maintain more lean muscle mass while losing weight.
2. Burn more calories
Although research in this area is in its infancy, some early research suggests that fasting may slightly increase your metabolic rate, meaning you may burn slightly more calories, even at rest.
3. Potentially boost your brain
Emerging research suggests that fasting may have some benefits for your brain. One early study on rats found that IF helped improve memory, while another animal study found it helped protect the brain from damage due to aging. While we can't necessarily generalize these results to humans quite yet, it's worth keeping an ear out as evidence evolves.
4. Improve blood sugars
One preliminary study found that a fasting regime helped improved insulin secretion while producing new pancreatic cells in mice with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In human trials, fasting helped improve participants' insulin sensitivity, while a new review of the literature found that IF was just as effective as daily calorie restriction at reducing insulin resistance.
Related: 12 Healthy Ways to Lower Your Blood Sugar
5. Keep your cholesterol in check
A short preliminary human study found that fasting reduced cholesterol and blood pressure levels, while another study found it to increase good cholesterol and decrease the bad cholesterol levels in men. Unfortunately, a recent expert report on IF suggested that due to some inconsistencies in the data and preliminary study methodology, we still need a lot more research to confirm IF's heart health potential.
6. Cut cancer risk
In an early animal study, IF seemed to reduce the risk of lymphoma in rat subjects, while another study found that fasting increased the longevity of rats who were inoculated with cancer cells. Unfortunately, while these studies may be an interesting jumping-off point for future research, it's far too early to suggest that there's any real measurable benefit of fasting on cancer in human patients.
Cons of Intermittent Fasting:
So even if a lot of the research is young, and animal-based, it seems like there may be some serious perks from IF. But what about the potential risks involved? Let's take a look.
1. Fertility issues
Severe dietary restriction is generally not recommended for women trying to conceive, so it makes sense that an early animal study found that fasting impaired the fertility capacity of rats. Again, while we shouldn't put too much weight on this early research, this type of calorie restriction (via IF or another restrictive diet) isn't recommended for pregnant or nursing women or those trying to conceive.
2. High dropout rates
Diets with the most restriction usually have the highest dropout rates, and IF is no walk in the park. One study found that the dropout rate was significantly higher among IF dieters compared to dieters restricting daily calories, so if long-term change is your goal, it might not be the best diet for the job.
3. Binge-like tendencies
While there are many iterations of IF, the underlying concept remains constant-dieters have a fasting phase and a feasting phase, the latter of which can lead to some dangerous tendencies. When you've been restricting most of the day, just trying to manage the hangry beast inside each time you get a whiff of someone's lunch, it's quite natural to go overboard when the clock strikes "feast." For some, these feasting episodes have the potential to overshadow the caloric deficit you make during the fast, thwarting any weight-loss efforts and risking dangerous disordered eating behaviors.
Should You Try Intermittent Fasting?
Before giving intermittent fasting a try, it's important to consider a few points.
1. First, fasting days are not zero-calorie days, but instead days where 25 percent of required calories are consumed. This may mean a person requiring 2,000 calories per day would eat 500 calories on fasting days.
2. Second, "feast" days are not unlimited-calorie days, so don't get excited about "cheat" days filled with doughnuts, double cheeseburgers and french fries. In the study, the "feast" days consisted of 125 percent of usual calorie intake, so a person following this diet pattern would eat around 2,500 calories on those days (if they typically eat a 2,000-calorie diet).
3. And finally, the focus should be on nutrient density on all days to ensure adequate micronutrient intake, as there's some evidence that intermittent fasting may not provide adequate nutrition-which raises questions for nutrition experts like Pojednic.
"The idea of eating foods is to first and foremost nourish your body, so if you're on a diet that requires you to take a supplement, then that is a serious red flag," Pojednic says.
As is the case with many weight-loss-related questions, the answer to whether fasting leads to weight loss is complicated. Any diet that restricts calories can be an effective strategy for short-term weight loss. But data on the long-term effectiveness of intermittent fasting is limited, and there's no research to suggest that intermittent fasting is better than consistent caloric restriction for weight loss. For some, intermittent fasting may be a way to jump-start the weight-loss process. Others may be turned off by the thought of days with severe calorie limitation.
No matter the pattern of eating, Collins stresses the importance of consistent habits. "The more important thing is to find ways to make tweaks in eating habits that can reduce calorie consumption comfortably in a way that can be continued long-term," she says.
1,500-Calorie Meal Plan to Lose Weight
No-Sugar-Added Meal Plan
Foods to Help You Shed Belly Fat
By Allison Knott, MS, RDN, LDN and Abbey Sharp, RD, AbbeysKitchen.com
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DIGITAL MEDIAIT BUSINESS
Microsoft Appoints Kunle Awosika As New Kenya Lead
| 1 October, 2013 at 12:17
It has been a long time coming but it has finally come to pass. Microsoft has appointed Kunle Awosika as the new Microsoft Kenya Country Manager. He takes over from Louis Otieno, who is credited with the successful launch of Microsoft in East Africa, a leadership position he has held for the past 15 years. Louis has since moved to Microsoft 4Afrika. Kunle will be charged with the task of taking care of the Microsoft business in Kenya and more so to shift Microsoft in line with its global plan to become more of a devices and services company. His primary role will be to grow a high performance team and build organisational capability and capacity, working closely with both Microsoft employees and its partners to continue growing the business as a top subsidiary in Africa.
Kunle was previously working in Microsoft Nigeria. While there, he was Director for the Enterprise & Public Sector Business in Anglophone West Africa where he worked tirelessly to contribute to the business’ expansion of the region since 2009, influenced and worked with multiple government divisions responsible for the implementation of the Government Wide Messaging & Collaboration platform (GWMC), an important Nigerian initiative aimed at unifying IT networks across the country.
Even while working in Nigeria, Kunle is not new to Kenya. He worked previously in the local Microsoft office where he headed up the sales function of Microsoft’s solutions to telecoms and other business verticals in the larger West, East and Central Africa (WECA) region.
“We are delighted to have Kunle on board in this critically important role. Kenya is, without a doubt, one of Africa’s most dynamic and promising technology hubs, and Microsoft remains deeply committed to the long term growth opportunity here. Kunle has the track record and credentials to help grow this dynamic and exciting market.” commented Hennie Loubser, regional General Manager of Microsoft West East Central Africa & the Indian Ocean Islands.
Awosika has been given this role after a restructure at Microsoft in Africa which saw Microsoft’s ESA region split further into 3 sales regions namely:
Microsoft Kenya
Microsoft Angola which covers Angola and Mozambique
and the new Microsoft ESA (East and Southern Africa) territory which covers 12 countries namely Botswana, Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
We wish Kunle all the best in his new position.
Tags Kunle AwosikaLouis otienoMicrosoftMicrosoft 4AfrikaMicrosoft ESA
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VORKURS_Dérive
Andrew Benavides, Verity Blevins, and Maxwell Hunold
University of Florida, School of Architecture, 2020
University of Florida-Graduate School of Architecture
Graduate School of Architecture, University of Florida
VORKURS
related grantee projects
2017 | University of Florida-School of Architecture, VORKURS: Exquisite Corpse
Kyle Tonkins, "Time and Measure," 2018. Courtesy of the artist.
VORKURS_Dérive is the fourth edition of the student-initiated publication at the University of Florida Graduate School of Architecture. Beginning as a probe of the Bauhaus foundation course developed by Josef Albers, VORKURS_making analyzed the significance of craft and learning through experience, featuring acclaimed theorists and architects such as Juhani Pallasmaa, Merril Elam, and Todd Williams Billie Tsien Architects. Since VORKURS_making, VORKURS_exquisite corpse, and VORKURS_echoes have furthered the architectural discourse that was established in the initial volume. Dérive bears reference to Guy Debord, a twentieth century theorist who defines the term as “a mode of experimental behavior linked to the conditions of urban society: a technique of rapid passage through varied ambiances.” VORKURS_Dérive aims to further discourse surrounding the concept of learning through experience and direct engagement with ritual and artifact. VORKURS_Dérive hopes to discover and analyze connections made as one physically travels and finds new spaces, cultures, and contextual conditions.
Verity Blevins is the VORKURS executive editor. She was born in Michigan and raised in Florida. She graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor’s of design in architecture in 2018. She held office in Alpha Rho Chi: Professional Fraternity for Architecture and the Allied Arts for two years and was an active Design, Construction, and Planning ambassador. Blevins is currently a master’s degree candidate in architecture at the University of Florida; she also works as a graduate teaching assistant for introductory design courses. She enjoys any opportunity to travel abroad and visit innovative architecture.
Maxwell Hunold is the VORKURS production editor. Hunold was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. He graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor of design in architecture in 2018. He is currently a master’s degree candidate in architecture at the University of Florida, where he works as a graduate teaching assistant for introductory design courses. He has a strong interest in physical making and has worked in New York City in a model-making workshop.
Andrew Benavides is the VORKURS marketing editor. Andrew was born in Washington, DC, and raised in Florida. He graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor’s of design in architecture in 2018. He holds office as the competition chair for the University of Florida Chapter of the National Organization for Minority Architects. Benavides is currently a master’s degree candidate in architecture at the University of Florida, where he works as a graduate teaching assistant for introductory computational design courses. He enjoys film and is conducting research to further the intersection and relationships between film and architecture.
Robert McCarter is an acclaimed architectural writer, a practicing architect, and the Ruth and Norman Moore Professor of Architecture at Washington University in St. Louis. He was the director at the University of Florida's School of Architecture from 1991–2001 and a professor of architecture at the University of Florida from 1991–2007. He was also an associate professor and assistant dean at Columbia University. McCarter was a finalist for the RIBA International Book Awards in 2006 has won numerous other awards, including a Graham Foundation grant in 1989 to fund his work on Frank Lloyd Wright.
Charlie Hailey received a bachelor's of architecture from Princeton University, a master’s of architecture from University of Texas at Austin, and a PhD in architecture from the University of Florida. He is a practicing architect and has worked on many design-build projects, including several with Jersey Devils and is currently a Research Professor at the University of Florida's School of Architecture. He has written three books and contributed to numerous journals. He was also selected in 2011 as a Fulbright Scholar in Macedonia at State University of Tetovo to lecture and lead design workshops.
Nichole Wiedemann received a bachelor’s of design in architecture from the University of Florida and a master’s of architecture from Princeton University. She is currently an associate professor of architecture and the director of the professional residency program at University of Texas at Austin, and, from 2008–13, she was the associate dean for undergraduate programs. She has also taught at the University of Florida, Rhode Island School of Design, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is a practicing architect, an architectural writer, and a Fellow of the American Academy in Rome.
Juhani Pallasmaa was a professor of architecture and the dean of architecture at Helsinki University of Technology from 1991–98. He is a highly acclaimed architectural writer and authored The Eyes of the Skin, which has become a standard text in architecture education. In 1999 he received the International Union of Architects' Jean Tschumi Prize for architectural criticism. He has also served on the jury for the Pritzker Prize for Architecture, and, in 1991, he was Finland's architectural representative at the Venice Biennale.
VORKURS, founded in August 2015, is the publication for the University of Florida's Graduate School of Architecture. Developed as an ode to the Bauhaus foundation course of the same name, it aims to present the ideas of the school's graduate students and faculty through three different lenses—pedagogy, the transition from academia to practice, and the future of the profession—in order to present the University of Florida's unique voice to the larger discourse of architecture.
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You are at:Home»News»Music»Santa Fe festival line-up announced
Santa Fe festival line-up announced
By Andrew Anderson on February 20, 2014  Analysis Music
Pianist Alessio Bax, mezzo-soprano Sasha Cooke, and The Dover Quartet will all make debut performances at the Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival this summer.
Taking place at venues across Santa Fe, New Mexico, the six-week event features a programme of contemporary chamber music alongside classic works.
Pianist Yefim Bronfman has been named artist-in-residence at this year’s festival, and is set to perform two of Prokofiev’s piano sonatas at the event.
Other festival highlights include the world premiere of a work from Australian composer Brett Dean, and the US premiere of British composer Julian Anderson’s untitled work for string quartet.
The Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival’s executive director Steven Ovitsky said: ‘Each season we are excited to welcome new artists and composers to the festival as part of the family we have created in Santa Fe. The setting provides a rare opportunity for artists to build relation- ships in a fast-paced and vibrant setting. Solo artists collaborate in ensembles while established ensembles have the opportunity to perform in different groups with other distinguished musicians.’
The festival will take place from 20 July to 25 August.
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Photographer Keiron O’Connor from Surrey in England, first picked up a camera while studying art and design in the UK. Coupled with a keen eye for style and character, Keiron’s picture-taking habit has evolved into photo collaborations for magazines including; i-D, Vogue (US, France, Germany, Spain, Nippon, Teen, L’Uomo), GQ (France, US), Numero (France), Elle (UK, France), Glamour (France), Jalouse, Details and Flaunt.
Clients include; Kent & Curwen, DKNY, Converse John Varvatos, Tezenis, Anthropologie, Proenza Schouler, Tom Ford, Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdales, JeanRichard Watches, and Haus of Gaga. – GQ France
View @keironoconnor’s profile on Twitter
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© 2021 Keiron O'Connor All Rights Reserved.
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Mariposa County Park Amphitheater
4998 County Park Rd. - Mariposa
$10 Senior/Student
$9 Arts Council Members
Merced Shakespearefest brings Shakespeare’s Comedy of Errors to Mariposa on September 28 and 29, 7 p.m. at the Mariposa County Park Amphitheatre (4889 County Park Rd, Mariposa.)
Comedy of Errors starts in the stars with a healthy dose of intergalactic hilarity, opening aboard the space station Ephesus, locked in a war with the nearby rogue planet, Syracuse. When two sets of twin brothers board the station unaware that their doppelgangers are also present, it’s one nonstop case of mistaken identity and confusion for all involved — much to the amusement of the audience.
This production features aliens, interplanetary merchants, strange technology and costuming like none ever seen before on the Shakespearean stage. It aims to bring Shakespeare to a whole new audience through the look and feel of late 1950s-Early 1970s pulp science fiction while staying true to one of the funniest comedies of all time. With a talented cast and set of designers on hand, the show is sure to delight young and old!
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Izdatelstvo Meditsina
Welcome to the website of the Izdatelstvo Meditsina
Since 1918 Izdatelstvo Meditsina specializes in the publication of Russian and foreign medical literature and medical periodicals
The first books, published in Izdatelstvo Meditsina, were devoted to the control of epidemics of typhus, dysentery, cholera and other diseases in large parts of the country during the civil war.
Of great importance there was the publication of works of such Russian scientists – coryphaeuses of the world science as I. M. Sechenov, I. P. Pavlov, N.I. Pirogov, S. P. Botkin, V.M. Bekhterev etc. To this day both a medical student and sophisticated researchers refer to their works. Following the traditions established in the earliest days of its development, Izdatelstvo Meditsina and now specializes in the publication of the best examples of scientific life in the area of medicine and health care.
Our authors are leading world-renowned scientists, heads of major medical and research centers, teachers of medical institutions, experienced practitioners. Izdatelstvo Meditsina releases monographs, atlases, textbooks, reference and popular scientific literature on all branches of medical science and health. The considerable place in the plans of Izdatelstvo Meditsina is occupied by courseware. By means of these textbooks there are trained physicians in all medical schools and colleges of Russia. The interest in readers is aroused in translated and joint publications. The subject-matter of these books is determined by the timeliness of problems considered in these manuals, their significance for the work of researchers and practitioners. Izdatelstvo Meditsina publishes 25 journals. The subject-matter of the journals covers all areas of medicine and healthcare.
25 journals publish original articles and reviews on topical problems of modern medicine, acquainting readers with the latest achievements of medical science. Readers of the journals – physicians, pharmacists, pharmacologists, managers and specialists of medical, research and educational institutions, all of them who form the policy in the field of healthcare.
Novoostapovskaya str. 5, building 14,
info@idm.msk.ru
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Amilia Allport
Amilia was born and raised in Minnesota where she also pursued Women’s Studies and graduated from the University of St. Thomas in 2008. After she graduated, she immediately moved to Montgomery, where she focused on being a human rights advocate. Now, she writes news stories concentrating on stories of violence against women.
Amanda was born and raised in Kentucky, not only her place of residence but also the place where she earned her bachelor’s degree in Journalism. After graduating from Northern Kentucky University in 2012 and immediately worked for a local newspaper in Lexington. She joined the Mid Day Daily team in November 2014 and writes news stories on current events. Amanda loves to paint during her free time.
Dean Lamori
Originally from California, Lamori’s family was forced to relocate to Missouri in 2002. He concluded his studies at Missouri State University in 2009 with a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science and between 2010 early 2014, he worked as an IT consultant in a company based in St. Louis. Now, he is a part of the Mid Day Daily team and often writes reviews on various kinds of software.
Tom Hager
Tom Hager is a 2011 University of Colorado graduate with a bachelor’s in Business Management. After his graduation, he took off from California to New York, where Tom was able to work as a management consultant ‘till 2013. He is now working as a writer for Mid Day Daily, often focusing on the condition of US-based banks.
As a proud University of Connecticut graduate, where he concentrated on Agricultural Studies, John has become the manager of a family-owned farm in Woodstock, along with his two brothers and as a contributing writer for Mid Day Daily to publish news focusing on the regular news reports on various other niches.
Kurt Cottrell
Courtney, or Kurt as she always introduces herself, is a graduate of Computer Information Technology from Western Nevada College. She is currently working as a database administrator for a company based in Reno and a part-time software review writer for Mid Day Daily. She also writes fashion blog posts and even designs clothes and outfits during her free time.
Sam Doliente
Doliente is a product of the University of New Hampshire. He graduated in 2009 with a bachelor’s degree in Engineering and right after his graduation, he quickly entered the market and became an operations manager in a large multinational company. Now, aside from being a writer for Mid Day Daily, Sam is also venturing into the stock market.
Michelle Gibson
Michelle lives in Alabama with her husband and their sweet and bubbly daughter. She graduated from the United States Sports Academy in 2007 with a bachelor’s degree in Sports Science. A former sports development officer, Michelle joined the Mid-Day Daily team in 2014 as a sports news writer.
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NGK F1 Powerboat Championship 2020 Season Re-Scheduled for 2021
Dear Teams and Fans,
I hope this finds you and your families healthy and safe. As we continue moving forward in these unprecedented times the challenges for 2020 are ever present. The COVID 19 pandemic has changed all our lives along with the entire world creating a new mind set for all of us to adhere to. Our beloved sport of powerboat racing, like many other sports, has been tremendously affected along the way from our operations and procedures to our schedule, all of which were carefully prepared long in advance of the season. Over the last several months, the series along with our organizing partners have been working tirelessly with state, city, and local authorities formulating plans attempting to overcome 2020’s obstacles. We appreciate all the efforts put forth in finding a solid solution in this fluid landscape, unfortunately to no avail.
It saddens us to report that the Pittsburgh Three Rivers Regatta, and the Roar of the Rockies have both been rescheduled for 2021. “Due to health and safety concerns surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic, the Pittsburgh Three Rivers Regatta showcasing Formula 1 racing is rescheduled until 2021. Look for an official announcement with detailed plans and sponsorships to be released in early August – 2020,” from Elias Savion Advertising. John Jensen sent this statement, “ I wanted to let you know that after some exhaustive conversations with Amie, Martin and our local race sponsors we have decided, with much regret, to postpone the 2020 Roar of the Rockies-Revved Up to 2021. We feel that with the uncertainty of the Covid-19 situation and the restrictions on maximum numbers for gatherings in the state of Colorado it is not feasible to continue plans for this year’s event. We had received very positive feedback from partners, sponsors, and fans regarding the 2019 race and we were anticipating an even larger turn out for 2020. The Windsor community is very proud to be a stop on the NGKF1 Championship Tour and we will be looking forward to bringing the teams to this area for years to come. Fans will be ready for the race to return next summer and we will be moving forward with intentions of making 2021 an event for the decade.” Dana Potts promotor of the Springfield Ohio Wake the Lake event provided us with this following information, “We’re all disappointed that the NGK F1 Series Championship won’t be contested in 2020, but we do totally understand and support the decision.” He continues, “We at Champions Park Lake are moving forward on our race this Aug. 8-9, 2020.” The race will be produced locally without any association to the series but they look forward to 2021 and returning to a normal schedule.
The difficult decision to reset the series season to the 2021 calendar year as the result of the unfortunate circumstances that are out of our control. Knowing the tremendous efforts by the series staff, promoting partners, sponsors, and teams preparing for this season will not go without merit. We have not taken this heartfelt decision lightly, after consoling with our partners we have no other choice considering our events status. “Given the uncertainty surrounding the continuing spread of COVID-19, we respect and support the NGK F1 Powerboat Championship’s decision to cancel the 2020 racing season,” stated Beth Skove – General Manager Marketing at NGK Spark Plugs. “We realize that the decision was made in the best interest of the racers, their fans and the communities in which they compete. We look forward to an exciting series in the 2021 season and look forward to racing on the water again.” Frank Ahlbin of CDI Electronics said, “Taking a year off on the series is not a bad idea. Then come back stronger in 2021.”
As the conducting series organization of summer events in large communities throughout the United States bringing in millions of dollars to the local economies, we are committed to being the catalyst reuniting communities. Events will play a vital role in our nation’s recovery, the NGK Spark Plugs F1 Powerboat Championship along with our dedicated staff look forward to working with our sponsors, promoting partners, and teams in this quest. We have all made significant investments in resources in this endeavor and would like to express our sincere gratitude to all our loyal competitors, crews, and families for your commitment to the sport and our series. Please do not hesitate to contact us as all our communication channels remain open as early preparation for the 2021 season has already begun to continue our powerboat heritage.
John Shubert & Tim Seebold
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Get The End of History and the Last Man essential facts below. View Videos or join the The End of History and the Last Man discussion. Add The End of History and the Last Man to your PopFlock.com topic list for future reference or share this resource on social media.
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The End of History and the Last Man (1992) is a book of political philosophy by American political scientist Francis Fukuyama which argues that with the ascendancy of Western liberal democracy--which occurred after the Cold War (1945-1991) and the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991)--humanity has reached "not just... the passing of a particular period of post-war history, but the end of history as such: That is, the end-point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government."[1] For the book, which is an expansion of his essay, "The End of History?" (1989), Fukuyama draws upon the philosophies and ideologies of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx, who define human history as a linear progression, from one socioeconomic epoch to another.[1][2]
History should be viewed as an evolutionary process.
Events still occur at the end of history.
Pessimism about humanity's future is warranted because of humanity's inability to control technology.
The end of history means liberal democracy is the final form of government for all nations. There can be no progression from liberal democracy to an alternative system.
Misinterpretations
According to Fukuyama, since the French Revolution, liberal democracy has repeatedly proven to be a fundamentally better system (ethically, politically, economically) than any of the alternatives.[1]
The most basic (and prevalent) error in discussing Fukuyama's work is to confuse "history" with "events".[3] Fukuyama claims not that events will stop occurring in the future, but rather that all that will happen in the future (even if totalitarianism returns) is that democracy will become more and more prevalent in the long term, although it may suffer "temporary" setbacks (which may, of course, last for centuries).
Some argue[who?] that Fukuyama presents "American-style" democracy as the only "correct" political system and argues that all countries must inevitably follow this particular system of government.[4][5] However, many Fukuyama scholars claim this is a misreading of his work.[] Fukuyama's argument is only that in the future there will be more and more governments that use the framework of parliamentary democracy and that contain markets of some sort. Indeed, Fukuyama has stated:
The End of History was never linked to a specifically American model of social or political organization. Following Alexandre Kojève, the Russian-French philosopher who inspired my original argument, I believe that the European Union more accurately reflects what the world will look like at the end of history than the contemporary United States. The EU's attempt to transcend sovereignty and traditional power politics by establishing a transnational rule of law is much more in line with a "post-historical" world than the Americans' continuing belief in God, national sovereignty, and their military.[6]
Arguments in favour
An argument in favour of Fukuyama's thesis is the democratic peace theory, which argues that mature democracies rarely or never go to war with one another. This theory has faced criticism, with arguments largely resting on conflicting definitions of "war" and "mature democracy". Part of the difficulty in assessing the theory is that democracy as a widespread global phenomenon emerged only very recently in human history, which makes generalizing about it difficult. (See also list of wars between democracies.)
Other major empirical evidence includes the elimination of interstate warfare in South America, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe among countries that moved from military dictatorships to liberal democracies.
According to several studies, the end of the Cold War and the subsequent increase in the number of liberal democratic states were accompanied by a sudden and dramatic decline in total warfare, interstate wars, ethnic wars, revolutionary wars, and the number of refugees and displaced persons.[7][8]
Critics of liberal democracy
In Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International (1993), Jacques Derrida criticized Fukuyama as a "come-lately reader" of the philosopher-statesman Alexandre Kojève (1902-1968), who "in the tradition of Leo Strauss" (1899-1973), in the 1950s, already had described the society of the U.S. as the "realization of communism"; and said that the public-intellectual celebrity of Fukuyama and the mainstream popularity of his book, The End of History and the Last Man, were symptoms of right-wing, cultural anxiety about ensuring the "Death of Marx." In criticising Fukuyama's celebration of the economic and cultural hegemony of Western liberalism, Derrida said:
For it must be cried out, at a time when some have the audacity to neo-evangelize in the name of the ideal of a liberal democracy that has finally realized itself as the ideal of human history: never have violence, inequality, exclusion, famine, and thus economic oppression affected as many human beings in the history of the earth and of humanity. Instead of singing the advent of the ideal of liberal democracy and of the capitalist market in the euphoria of the end of history, instead of celebrating the 'end of ideologies' and the end of the great emancipatory discourses, let us never neglect this obvious, macroscopic fact, made up of innumerable, singular sites of suffering: no degree of progress allows one to ignore that never before, in absolute figures, have so many men, women and children been subjugated, starved or exterminated on the earth.[9]
Therefore, Derrida said: "This end of History is essentially a Christian eschatology. It is consonant with the current discourse of the Pope on the European Community: Destined to become [either] a Christian State or [a] Super-State; [but] this community would still belong, therefore, to some Holy Alliance;" that Fukuyama practised an intellectual "sleight-of-hand trick", by using empirical data whenever suitable to his message, and by appealing to an abstract ideal whenever the empirical data contradicted his end-of-history thesis; and that Fukuyama sees the United States and the European Union as imperfect political entities, when compared to the distinct ideals of Liberal democracy and of the free market, but understands that such abstractions (ideals) are not demonstrated with empirical evidence, nor ever could be empirically demonstrated, because they are philosophical and religious abstractions that originated from the Gospels of Philosophy of Hegel; and yet, Fukuyama still uses empirical observations to prove his thesis, which he, himself, agrees are imperfect and incomplete, to validate his end-of-history thesis, which remains an abstraction.[9]
Radical Islam, tribalism, and the "Clash of Civilizations"
Various Western commentators have described the thesis of The End of History as flawed because it does not sufficiently take into account the power of ethnic loyalties and religious fundamentalism as a counter-force to the spread of liberal democracy, with the specific example of Islamic fundamentalism, or radical Islam, as the most powerful of these.
Benjamin Barber wrote a 1992 article and a 1995 book, Jihad vs. McWorld, that addressed this theme. Barber described "McWorld" as a secular, liberal, corporate-friendly transformation of the world and used the word "jihad" to refer to the competing forces of tribalism and religious fundamentalism, with a special emphasis on Islamic fundamentalism.
Samuel P. Huntington wrote a 1993 essay, "The Clash of Civilizations", in direct response to The End of History; he then expanded the essay into a 1996 book, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. In the essay and book, Huntington argued that the temporary conflict between ideologies is being replaced by the ancient conflict between civilizations. The dominant civilization decides the form of human government, and these will not be constant. He especially singled out Islam, which he described as having "bloody borders".
After the September 11, 2001, attacks, The End of History was cited by some commentators as a symbol of the supposed naiveté and undue optimism of the Western world during the 1990s, in thinking that the end of the Cold War also represented the end of major global conflict. In the weeks after the attacks, Fareed Zakaria called the events "the end of the end of history", while George Will wrote that history had "returned from vacation".[10]
Fukuyama did discuss radical Islam briefly in The End of History. He argued that Islam is not an imperialist force like Stalinism and fascism; that is, it has little intellectual or emotional appeal outside the Islamic "heartlands". Fukuyama pointed to the economic and political difficulties that Iran and Saudi Arabia face and argued that such states are fundamentally unstable: either they will become democracies with a Muslim society (like Turkey) or they will simply disintegrate. Moreover, when Islamic states have actually been created, they were easily dominated by the powerful Western states.
In October 2001, Fukuyama, in a Wall Street Journal opinion piece, responded to the declarations that the September 11 attacks had disproved his views by stating that "time and resources are on the side of modernity, and I see no lack of a will to prevail in the United States today." He also noted that his original thesis "does not imply a world free from conflict, nor the disappearance of culture as a distinguishing characteristic of societies."[10]
The resurgence of Russia and China
Another challenge to the "end of history" thesis is the growth in the economic and political power of two countries, Russia and China. China has a one-party state government, while Russia, though formally a democracy, is often described as an autocracy; it is categorized as an anocracy in the Polity data series.[11]
Azar Gat, Professor of National Security at Tel Aviv University, argued this point in his 2007 Foreign Affairs article, "The Return of Authoritarian Great Powers", stating that the success of these two countries could "end the end of history".[12] Gat also discussed radical Islam, but stated that the movements associated with it "represent no viable alternative to modernity and pose no significant military threat to the developed world". He considered the challenge of China and Russia to be the major threat, since they could pose a viable rival model which could inspire other states.
This view was echoed by Robert Kagan in his 2008 book, The Return of History and the End of Dreams, whose title was a deliberate rejoinder to The End of History.[13]
In his 2008 Washington Post opinion piece, Fukuyama also addressed this point. He wrote, "Despite recent authoritarian advances, liberal democracy remains the strongest, most broadly appealing idea out there. Most autocrats, including Putin and Chávez, still feel that they have to conform to the outward rituals of democracy even as they gut its substance. Even China's Hu Jintao felt compelled to talk about democracy in the run-up to Beijing's Olympic Games."[14]
Failure of civil society and political decay
In 2014, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the publication of the original essay, "The End of History?", Fukuyama wrote a column in The Wall Street Journal again updating his hypothesis. He wrote that, while liberal democracy still had no real competition from more authoritarian systems of government "in the realm of ideas", nevertheless he was less idealistic than he had been "during the heady days of 1989." Fukuyama noted the Orange Revolution in Ukraine and the Arab Spring, both of which seemed to have failed in their pro-democracy goals, as well as the "backsliding" of democracy in countries including Thailand, Turkey and Nicaragua. He stated that the biggest problem for the democratically elected governments in some countries was not ideological but "their failure to provide the substance of what people want from government: personal security, shared economic growth and the basic public services... that are needed to achieve individual opportunity." Though he believed that economic growth, improved government and civic institutions all reinforced one another, he wrote that it was not inevitable that "all countries will... get on that escalator."[15]
Twenty-five years later, the most serious threat to the end-of-history hypothesis isn't that there is a higher, better model out there that will someday supersede liberal democracy; neither Islamist theocracy nor Chinese capitalism cuts it. Once societies get on the up escalator of industrialization, their social structure begins to change in ways that increase demands for political participation. If political elites accommodate these demands, we arrive at some version of democracy.
Fukuyama also warned of "political decay," which he wrote could also affect established democracies like the United States, in which corruption and crony capitalism erode liberty and economic opportunity. Nevertheless, he expressed his continued belief that "the power of the democratic ideal remains immense."[15]
Following Britain's decision to leave the European Union and the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States in 2016, Fukuyama feared for the future of liberal democracy in the face of resurgent populism,[16][17][18] and the rise of a "post-fact world",[19] saying that "twenty five years ago, I didn't have a sense or a theory about how democracies can go backward. And I think they clearly can." He also warned that America's political rot was infecting the world order to the point where it "could be as big as the Soviet collapse".[18]
Posthuman future
Fukuyama has also stated that his thesis was incomplete, but for a different reason: "there can be no end of history without an end of modern natural science and technology" (quoted from Our Posthuman Future). Fukuyama predicts that humanity's control of its own evolution will have a great and possibly terrible effect on liberal democracy.
Free Press, 1992, hardcover (ISBN 0-02-910975-2)
Perennial, 1993, paperback (ISBN 0-380-72002-7)
Democratic peace theory
End of history
Last Man
Sociocultural evolution
Thumos
Whig history
^ a b c Fukuyama, Francis (1989). "The End of History?". The National Interest (16): 3-18. ISSN 0884-9382. JSTOR 24027184.
^ Glaser, Eliane (21 March 2014). "Bring Back Ideology: Fukuyama's 'End of History' 25 years On". The Guardian. Retrieved 2019.
^ "Why history didn't end". Theos Think Tank. Retrieved .
^ "After the Neo-Cons: America at the Crossroads, by Francis Fukuyama". The Independent. 2006-03-24. Retrieved .
^ Keane, John (2015-02-07). "Francis Fukuyama sticks to his guns on liberal democracy". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved .
^ Francis Fukuyama. (2007-04-03). The history at the end of history. The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-06-18
^ "Global Conflict Trends". Center for Systemic Peace. 2017. Retrieved .
^ "Human Security Report 2005". Human Security Report Project. Retrieved .
^ a b Derrida, 1994.
^ a b History Is Still Going Our Way, Francis Fukuyama, The Wall Street Journal, October 5, 2001
^ "Polity IV Country Report 2010: Russia" (PDF). The Center for Systemic Peace. 2010.
^ A. GAT, "The End of the End of History" in Foreign Affairs, July/August 2007.
^ Return of the Dog Pack (review of The Return of History and the End of Dreams), Michael Burleigh, Literary Review, May 2008
^ They Can Only Go So Far, Francis Fukuyama, The Washington Post, August 24, 2008
^ a b Fukuyama, Francis (June 6, 2014). "At the 'End of History' Still Stands Democracy". The Wall Street Journal.
^ Ishaan Tharoor (2017-02-09). "The man who declared the 'end of history' fears for democracy's future". Washington Post.
^ Francis Fukuyama (2017-02-09). "The man who declared the 'end of history' now fearful of the very fate of liberal democracy". National Post.
^ a b Francis Fukuyama (Jan 2017). "America: the failed state". Prospect Magazine. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Francis Fukuyama (2017-01-12). "The Emergence of a Post-Fact World". Project Syndicate.
Jacques Derrida (1994). Specters of Marx: State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91045-3.
Francis Fukuyama (1992). The End of History and the Last Man. Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-910975-5.
Morton Halperin, Joanne J. Myers, Joseph T. Siegle, Michael M. Weinstein. (2005-03-17). The Democracy Advantage: How Democracies Promote Prosperity and Peace. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
Potter, Robert (2011), 'Recalcitrant Interdependence', Thesis, Flinders University
Mahbubani, Kishore (2008). The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresisble Shift of Global Power to the East. New York: PublicAffairs
W. C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman (1930). 1066 and All That. Methuen. ISBN 978-0-413-77270-1.
The Essay
Islam and America... Friends or Foes?
Introduction to Text
Booknotes interview with Fukuyama on The End of History and the Last Man, February 9, 1992
The End of the End of History
The End of History and the Last Man Review
Full version The End of History and the Last Man Complete
The End of History and the Last Man Best Sellers Rank : #3
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Richard K. Betts: Fukuyamas End Of History
Richard K. Betts: Chinas Future
Francis Fukuyama on Radical Islam and Democracy
About For Books The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution
The_End_of_History_and_the_Last_Man
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Semoball Awards
Southeast Missourian
Sikeston Standard Democrat
Daily American Republic
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Stories Blogs Comments Photos Everything
Notre Dame v. Charleston basketball
Tyler Graef
In a rematch of the championship game of the 2019 Southeast Missourian Christmas Tournament, the Notre Dame Bulldogs hosted the Charleston Bluejays Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. This time, however, the Bulldogs emerged victorious, besting the Bluejays 73-51.
Notre Dame's Tyler Landewee (2) looks for an opening against Charleston defenders Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
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Five-year-old Kimberly Sprengel dances to warm-up music before watching a game between the Notre Dame Bulldogs and the Charleston Bluejays Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Notre Dame's Drew Heisserer (15) goes up for a shot during a game against Charleston Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Notre Dame's Tyler Landewee (2) shoots over Charleston's Samuel Bledsoe (14) during a game Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Charleston's Terridean Bogan (12) looks for an opening in the Notre Dame defense Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Charleston's Blessin Kimble (45) advances the ball during a game against Notre Dame Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Notre Dame's Kam Dohogne (11) steals the ball from Charleston's Terridean Bogan Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Notre Dame's Caleb LeGrand (33) drives to the basket Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Ray Nedilnycky, left, and Mary Chapman cheer during a game between the Notre Dame Bulldogs and the Charleston Bluejays Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Notre Dame's Kam Dohogne (11) reacts after being fouled during a game against Charleston Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Notre Dame fan Tanner Peters reacts to seeing the Bulldogs score during a game against Charleston Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Charleston's Isaiah Gillespie (40) drives to the basket during a game against Notre Dame Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Charleston's Terridean Bogan (12) drives upcourt during a game against Notre Dame Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Notre Dame's Jack Floyd (13) shoots during a game against Charleston Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Notre Dame's Tyler Landewee is seen partially obscured by a cheerleader's pom-pom during a game against Charleston Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Charleston cheerleaders pose for the camera before a game against the Notre Dame Bulldogs Friday, Jan. 3, 2020, at Notre Dame Regional High School in Cape Girardeau. (Tyler Graef ~ Southeast Missourian)
Rust Communications
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© 2021 Rust Communications
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Sie sind hier: About Us / Highlights
1: Mission.
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Trade Update 2020: An Eye on Ammunition Transfers to Africa
New study on trafficking in the Burkina Faso–
Côte d’Ivoire–Mali Region
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Launch of ‘The Arms Trade Treaty: A Practical Guide to Implementation’
To coincide with the Second Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), being held this week in Geneva, the ATT Network (CCDP, GCSP, the Small Arms Survey, and UNIDIR) has launched a new publication: The Arms Trade Treaty: A Practical Guide to National Implementation.
The Guide, which forms part of the Small Arms Survey Handbook series, is designed to assist and inform those responsible for implementing the ATT at the national level. It provides practical guidance on the following thematic areas: national control systems; national control lists; export controls; import controls; transit and trans-shipment controls; controlling brokers and brokering; diversion; record-keeping; and reporting. The manual includes definitions and terminology, a brief history of the ATT negotiations, options for regulating transfers, and information on the roles of various ministries and agencies.
The publication aims to help states understand how the provisions of the ATT are to be interpreted and applied in practice. It will also serve as a key resource for practitioners, diplomats, policy-makers, and members of civil society seeking to promote compliance with and implementation of the ATT.
Download The Arms Trade Treaty: A Practical Guide to National Implementation
See also 'The Arms Trade Treaty: A Commentary', a new book co-authored by the Small Amrs Survey and published by Oxford University Press.
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Elbphilharmonie Hamburg
by Herzog & de Meuron / Hamburg, Germany
THE ELBPHILHARMONIE: HAMBURG’S NEW CULTURAL LANDMARK
Hamburg has a new cultural landmark: the Elbphilharmonie, which opens its doors on January 11 and 12, 2017 in Hamburg’s HafenCity. On the banks of the river Elbe on approx. 1,700 reinforced concrete piles a building complex has emerged, which, in addition to three concert halls, will encompass a hotel, 45 private apartments, and the publicly accessible Plaza with a 360° panoramic view of the city. The centrepiece of the Elbphilharmonie is also one of the most exciting structural challenges in Europe at the moment: A world-class concert hall at a height of 50 metres with seating for 2,100, which is decoupled from the rest of the building for soundproofing reasons. The Elbphilharmonie is the perfect symbiosis of architecture and music at a unique site within the historic city port.
The interplay between the archaic appearance of the former warehouse known as the Kaispeicher A and the bold curve of the dazzling glass corpus is the architectural calling card of the Elbphilharmonie. Old and new conjoin in an exciting synthesis. Between the warehouse and the new construction there is an area accessible to the public, the Plaza. Nowhere else is the link between the docks and the city revealed as impressively as here. Visitors will be treated to a unique 360° panoramic view of the city from a height of 37 meters. Measuring about 4,000 square metres, the Plaza is almost as big as the one in front of the Town Hall and is an ideal place for Hamburg’s citizens and tourists, concertgoers and hotel guests to stroll.
On the outside, there is a walkway around the entire building. On the inside are the foyers leading to the Grand Hall and the Recital Hall, a café and the hotel lobby. The Plaza will be accessible to any visitor, with or without a concert ticket! The Kaispeicher A itself will be used as a multi-storey car park with approx. 500 spaces. It also houses the spa facilities and conference rooms of the hotel, the music education area, several backstage rooms, and, not least of all, the third auditorium with seating for approx. 170. All this is contained within one building, whose impressive entrance is reached via an 82-metre long escalator. The escalator has a concave arch so its end cannot be seen from the beginning. The visitor is thus immersed into a glowing spherical tunnel. Glass sequins that reflect and refract the lights set the mood for the special ambience of this building.
The exclusive location
The Elbphilharmonie Hamburg is built in a historically significant place: in the Sandtorhafen docks. 1875 saw the construction of the first warehouse in Hamburg Docks here: the Kaiserspeicher. The magnificent neo-Gothic building quickly emerged as the city’s landmark while the city became a major centre of international trade. Almost completely destroyed in WW II, the Kaiserspeicher was detonated in 1963. In 1966 the Kaispeicher A was erected on the same site, based on a design by Werner Kallmorgen. Cocoa, tea and tobacco were stored here until the 1990s. With the rise in container transport, however, the warehouse dwindled in significance and ultimately stood empty.
Three concert halls
The Grand Hall, 50 metres from ground level and with 2,100 seats, is the heart of the Elbphilharmonie Hamburg. Following the concept of vineyard architecture the orchestra sits in the middle of the auditorium, with the rows of seats rising up in steep tiers. It is structural masterpiece: for soundproofing reasons the 12,500-tonne hall rests on 362 giant spring assemblies and is thus decoupled from the rest of the building. To ensure that the acoustics are perfect, a special material has been developed by internationally renowned acoustics specialist Yasuhisa Toyota.
This is known as the White Skin. A four-manual organ with 65 stops, from the organ-workshop Klais in Bonn, completes the Grand Hall of the Elbphilharmonie Hamburg. In contrast to the Grand Hall, the Recital Hall follows the classic concept of the »shoebox«. With its flexible podium technology and seating for up to 550 visitors, it is suitable not only for chamber music, but also for numerous other uses. The Recital Hall is located in the glass corpus as well and, resting on 56 spring assemblies, is also acoustically decoupled. The third auditorium, the Kaistudio 1, for approx. 170 visitors, is in the interior of the Kaispeicher and is an ideal venue for contemporary and experimental music.
The White Skin
The White Skin ensures that the acoustics in the Grand Hall are perfect. It consists of a total of 10,000 gypsum fibre panels composed of a mixture of natural plaster and recycled paper. The panels are milled according to intricate 3D calculations und produced exactly to the millimetre dimensions given, to obtain an acoustically optimal surface structure. They fulfil the highest requirements regarding acoustic quality, weight, fire protection and durability. The panel surface, precisely shaped by a computer-operated device, maintains an organic, almost hand-carved look. The depth and shape of the surface structure differ according to the position of each panel and its corresponding acoustical needs. The surface structure was programmed especially for the Grand Hall and consists of approx. one million cells, each of which is perfectly matched to the spatial geometry of the hall. For optimal and targeted sound distribution, the surface structure plays a crucial role. Such highly effective acoustical microshaping is achieved by precise milling to the nearest millimetre and is characteristic for the White Skin. The panels weigh between 35 and 125 kilogrammes, depending on their thickness and size. The White Skin was developed by the architects, in close cooperation with the acoustician Yasuhisa Toyota, fire safety experts, and the manufacturing company Peuckert (based in Mehring near Munich). Prior to the production there was a thorough research of possible materials, and numeric and sample studies were conducted. By virtue of the precise planning, the walls and the ceiling merge into one another and appear like a single piece of skin the size of 6,500 square metres. The dazzling glass facade of the Elbphilharmonie is unique. It consists of 1,100 individual panes, each measuring four to five metres wide and over three metres high. In the foyer area they are even more than five metres in height. The windows themselves are a masterpiece of engineering. Most glass panes were separately shaped with millimetre precision at 600° C, then marked with small basalt grey reflective dots. This prevents the structure from heating up due to sunlight while at the same time it creates a special shimmering effect. To achieve an optimal effect the configuration of the dots is computer-calculated for each glass pane based on the respective mounting positions. The curvature of each pane depends on the particular area of the building. Hatches resembling fish-gills characterise the hotel and foyer while horseshoe-shaped recesses, which look like tuning forks, form the balconies for the flats on the westernmost tip of the building. Each glass element weighs about 1.2 tonnes. In quality-control tests the glass panes withstood gale-force winds up to 150 km per hour and torrential downpours with ease. The glass surface of the Elbphilharmonie covers 16,000 square metres, a size equivalent to two football fields. It was completed in January 2014.
The roof structure
The 7,000-square metre roof of the Elbphilharmonie consists of eight spherical, concavely bent sections that form a uniquely elegant curving silhouette. In addition, 6,000 shimmering giant sequins have been applied to the roof. The roof structure, with its steep curves and high peaks, itself weighs 1,000 tonnes and covers the complex star-shaped steel framework that carries the Grand Hall without any supporting pillars. The roof of the Grand Hall is made up of a steel framework, each element measuring up to 25 metres in length and weighing up to 40 tonnes, the outer and inner shell, floors for the technical equipment, the White Skin with the reflector as well as additional loads. Altogether the roof weighs 8,000 tonnes.
The project Elbphilharmonie Hamburg
The initial idea for rejuvenating Kaispeicher A was of the construction of the MediaCityPort - an office building for the media industry, which was to tower up to a height of 90 metres on top of the Kaispeicher A, with a gross surface area of 50,000 square metres. However, the end of the dotcom boom and the subsequent drop in demand meant it was never actually built. Originally commissioned by the project developer Alexander Gérard, the star Swiss Architects Herzog & de Meuron came up with a project sketch – the groundbreaking idea of a »Hamburg Philharmonie« – the construction of a concert hall on the historical warehouse, surrounded by commercial facilities and a publicly accessible Plaza. The spectacular design elated the Senate, the city government and the public.
In May 2004 the ReGe Hamburg, a project development company owned by the city, was installed as the developer of the Elbphilharmonie Hamburg. The feasibility of the project was assessed and a utilisation concept was prepared, and then the private partners for the construction, the financing and 20 years of operation of the object were determined by means of a European tendering procedure. The contracts were assigned to Commerz Real AG and Hochtief Solutions AG within the property company Adamanta GmbH & Co. The approx. 45 freehold apartments entailed by the project lie in the responsibility of Hochtief as the property developer, who in this specific field cooperates with Quantum AG in a company named Skyliving GmbH.
Following the unanimous approval of the city government, construction work began on 2 April 2007 with the laying of the foundation stone. The Kaispeicher A was first completely gutted, with just the brick facades remaining intact. Then a further 650 reinforced concrete piles, in addition to the existing 1,111, were rammed 15 metres deep into the mud of the River Elbe, so that the building could support the 200,000 tonnes of the Elbphilharmonie Hamburg. On completion of the 26th storey, the last one in the bare brickwork, the topping-out ceremony took place in May 2010. The shell construction was completed in November 2013. The installation of the White Skin in the Grand Hall was commenced in December 2013. The facade was completed in January 2014; the roof was sealed in August 2014. The Elbphilharmonie will be inaugurated on 11 January 2017, although the Plaza will already be publicly accessible from November 2016.
Legal disputes during construction
The building of the Elbphilharmonie Hamburg was accompanied by disputes between the municipal Elbphilharmonie Bau KG and the property development company Adamanta until summer 2013. Supplementary negotiations ended in November 2008 with a settlement (Amendment 4). At this time the costs of the project increased to 495 million Euro for the city and 30 November 2011 was agreed upon as the new completion date. In 2010 the Hamburg state parliament launched a parliamentary committee of inquiry in order to determine the causes of the increase in costs. At the beginning of 2010 Hochtief announced that it was not able to fulfil its contractual obligations. In March 2011 the general contractor predicted that the building could not be handed over until November 2013 and in October 2011 ceased construction work on the roof of the Grand Hall. In April 2013 the project partners signed an agreement for restructuring of the project, after which construction work was fully resumed. The restructuring agreement stipulates among other points:
- Additional responsibilities assigned to Hochtief (assumption of any risks related to planning and construction, participation in a newly founded consortium with the architects, guaranteed meeting of quality requirements from the architects and the acoustician Yasuhisa Toyota, contractually warranted intermediate deadlines, as well as a binding date of completion)
- A new construction schedule (handover of the concert venue areas of the Elbphilharmonie by 30 June 2016; final inspection and acceptance of the Elbphilharmonie by 31 October 2016) - Additional costs for the City of Hamburg (256.65 million Euro for the additional services executed by Hochtief and the architects).
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Bucelas
Wine Cellars and Producers
Outlets and Wine Tasting
In the 14th century, sealed documents with the royal stamp, referred already “those well-kept vineyards of Oeyras". Then, in the 18th century, with Sebastian José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st count of Oeiras and Marquis of Pombal later, Carcavelos wine had a refined production. At the end of this century, “Carcavelos” was a prestigious wine and a very well-known wine for european elites. It was exported, especially through England, for markets such as North America, India and Australia. Law's letter of September 18 1908 defines the region demarcated of Carcavelos, formed by the parishes of S. Domingos de Rana and Carcavelos, in the municipality of Cascais, and part of the parish of Oeiras. Along it’s history, the Carcavelos wine had some setbacks because of vineyard pests. Associated with these, emerged in the second half of the 20th century the need to develop and with it the plague of property speculation that almost extinguished this excellent wine.
In early 1980, the Ribeira de Caparide, Pesos e Samarra farms, restart productive practice, and the municipality of Cascais recognized that effort and included these farms in Municipal Heritage Inventory. In the other hand, the municipality of Oeiras has invested considerable funds in the preservation and maintenance of the existing vineyard on old Quinta do Marquês de Pombal (Quinta de Cima) on new plantation area and in the recovery of the cellar.
The "Carcavelos" is fortified in large part with the famous Eau-de-vie da Lourinhã and integrates with the "Port", "Madeira" and the "Moscatel from Setúbal", the restricted group of 4 liqueur wines/generous Portuguese. In this moment there are 2 (two) producers, with the total area of vineyards 25 ha (Quinta do Marquês de Pombal of 12.5 ha.)
The production volume reached in 2015, as the white wine 60,450 liters. 2016 production was about 33,200 liters.
Carcavelos Demarcated Region
Wineries and Producers
Events in Carcavelos
Awards achieved by the "Villa Oeiras"
© 2017 Rota dos Vinhos
BUCELAS CARCAVELOS COLARES
rvbcc.wineroute@gmail.com
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Yingli Green Energy Aims to Leave a Sunny Legacy for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil
July 2, 2014 by Jack in News · 0 Comment
Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited (NYSE: YGE) ("Yingli Green Energy" or the "Company"), the largest vertically integrated photovoltaic ("PV") module manufacturer in the world, known as "Yingli Solar," today hosted a press conference in Rio de Janeiro to announce the Company's plans to leave a sustainable legacy in Brazil. These plans include becoming the first ever carbon neutral sponsor of the FIFA World Cup, and supplying 400 to 600 kW for a solar legacy project in Brazil that is expected to be among the largest solar energy systems in the country.
Judy Lee, Yingli's Vice President of Global Marketing; Markus Vlasits, Country Manager of Yingli Green Energy Brazil; Thierry Weil, FIFA Director of Marketing; and Federico Addiechi, Head of FIFA Corporate Social Responsibility addressed the media and explained these initiatives at today's conference.
Yingli has been working with FIFA in order to leave solar legacies in the host countries of the FIFA World Cup competition since 2010, when the Company became the first renewable energy sponsor and the first Chinese sponsor. The Company provided customized solar solutions to 20 "Football for Hope" centers all over Africa through the "Football for Hope, Energy for Hope" program, focused on improving the social environment for disadvantaged children in Africa even post FIFA World Cup.
This year, Yingli plans to continue its tradition of leaving a sunny legacy by becoming the first carbon neutral sponsor in FIFA World Cup history, and by developing one of the largest solar energy installations in Brazil, a project chosen jointly by FIFA and Yingli as an official CSR project of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
To become carbon neutral, Yingli is offsetting all carbon emissions generated through its onsite sponsorship activations in Brazil for the tournament's duration. The Company has invested in carbon emissions reductions certificates generated by two factories operating via biomass in the Caatinga region of Alagoas in Brazil, thereby helping prevent deforestation and protect Brazil's valuable biodiversity.
"Sustainability is one of the key tenants in our vision for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Environmental initiatives such as the one presented by our sponsor Yingli today are contributing to increasing the positive impact of the FIFA World Cup on society and the environment. We are grateful to Yingli and their local partners for helping us leave a lasting legacy in Brazil," commented Mr. Addiechi from FIFA.
"Our solar legacy project will not only be an important legacy of the FIFA World Cup, but it will also be a boon to the country's emerging solar energy industry," commented Mr. Vlasits from Yingli. "We are pleased to deliver a high-quality reference project that we hope will drive demand for similar projects across the country."
"As the world's largest solar panel provider and renewable energy partner to FIFA, we are proud to utilize our expertise to leave a positive legacy in the host countries of Africa and Brazil," noted Ms. Lee from Yingli. "We are excited that our joint project with FIFA will continue to serve the community and the environment here in Brazil well after the competition finishes."
Canadian Solar Announces 12.6 MW Solar Module Supply Agreement In Turkey
centrotherm books new order for extensive technology and equipment package for Chinese customer
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SOS Outreach sees largest week of programs in 26-year history
SOS Outreach will put 2,005 ski and snowboarding youth on 19 mountains and across nine states between Feb. 1-9, representing the non-profit organization’s largest week of programs in its 26-year history.
Last winter, SOS celebrated its 25th anniversary. This season, it dived deep into its next 25 years with significant program growth across the country for underserved youth gearing up for life:
SOS now serves 4,000 youth each year, across 21 locations in nine states.
In Colorado with support of founding partner, Vail Resorts, SOS serves 1,770 local youth at Vail Mountain, Beaver Creek Resort, Keystone Resort, Breckenridge Ski Resort. In California, at Heavenly Resort, Kirkwood Ski Resort, and Northstar Ski Resort there are 494 youth participants on Vail Resorts mountains. Additional Vail Resorts’ mountains include: Mt. Brighton, Wilmot Mountain, Afton Alps in the Midwest, and Park City Mountain Resort in Utah.
Other dedicated mountain partners include: Arapahoe Basin, Copper Mountain, Diamond Peak, Loveland Ski Area, Mt. Hood Meadows, Mt. Rose, Purgatory Resort, Ski Cooper, Steamboat Ski & Resort Corp., The Summit at Snoqualmie, and White Pass Ski Area.
Steamboat Ski Resort has expanded with a pilot program and partnership with the Hayden School District, with a total of 110 youth.
The SOS Chicago and Detroit programs expanded with an additional 50 participants for a total of 120, skiing and riding at Mt. Brighton, Wilmot, and Afton Alps. This growth is exemplified by the powerful partnerships SOS has put together with Peirce Middle School, Chicago; Union League Boys and Girls Club, Chicago; George Crockett Academy, Detroit; Caesar Chavez Academy, Detroit; Youth Advantage, Minneapolis.
Park City Mountain Resort, only in its third year, has nearly 400 participants, including 80 mentors. The Mentor Program features a four-year curriculum and activities to increase participants’ commitment to the community. Ski days, workshops, and service days are scheduled to help students develop necessary life skills, such as civic and community engagement, leadership skills, and advocacy skills.
SOS sees the slopes of some of our country’s most popular mountain resorts as inclusive places. Places where every child has the opportunity to try a new sport, to connect with the outdoors, and to laugh, learn and grow with their peers. Through this transformative experience on the slopes, SOS is removing barriers for kids to discover their true potential.
SOS programs span mountain resorts and urban areas, providing access for the most underserved youth in these communities. On SOS’ expansion to the Midwest, Thomas Goodley, Jr., School Leader, George Crockett Academy shares, “The past four years of partnering with SOS have allowed our students in the urban area to have the opportunity to leave their communities to learn how to ski. This is monumental for our students.”
SOS started at Vail Mountain in 1993. The program builds social values, develops leadership skills, and positively changes the trajectory of underserved, at-risk and high-risk youth populations, from 4th to 12th grade annually. Using a combined approach to structured mentoring (individual, group, and peer), SOS employs evidence-based practices in a strategic and progressive multi-year curriculum, engaging more than 70,000 youth since inception. Program participants are 56 percent male, 44 percent female, and nearly 70 percent identify as an ethnic minority.
Winter recreation in an encouraging environment isn’t all that SOS provides. Participants determine what community challenges need to be addressed through service projects such as cleaning up local rivers and water sources or delivering food boxes to neighbors in need. They participate in group workshops to learn skills, including cooking healthy meals and recognizing signs when a friend is struggling with mental health.
“In Park City, the SOS Outreach Mentor Program has doubled in size based on word-of-mouth references of youth telling their friends about their positive experiences in the program,” explains Abbey Eddy, SOS Utah Program Manager. “Our first group of Year 3 students are currently designing their own service project to continue to expand the program impact from an individual to community level. When deciding on a theme for the project, the kids identified a connection with nature and a disconnect from social pressure as one of the most rewarding aspects of the SOS Mentor Program. They have therefore decided to focus their project around environmental stewardship with an emphasis on community education and awareness.”
Seth Ehrlich, SOS Outreach Executive Director, said support from local communities to national organizations has never been stronger, allowing the program growth being seen this week.
“As we enter the next 25 years of programs and the major milestone in getting more than 2,000 kids around the country outside and on our mountains in a single week—we’re instilling a sense of confidence and purpose at the ultimate level,” says Ehrlich. “We’re working to break down those micro barriers that exist among our families coming from a variety of neighborhoods and backgrounds. We’re empowering each and every one of our kids to realize their full potential and carve their own paths for an incredibly bright future.”
To learn more, visit www.sosoutreach.org.
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Home News + Press About t.A.T.u. Media Forum Chat tatu.us Team
The latest t.A.T.u. News...
Lena live at the Troubadour, Los Angeles (May 30, 2010)
Info on the Tatu.us forum, here: Lena's Solo Career
"Snowfalls" Internationally Available
t.A.T.u. management reports that the English-speaking single "Snowfalls" is now available on iTunes and in Amazon stores. "Snowfalls" is the English version of the Russian song "Snegopady" from t.A.T.u.'s third studio album "Happy Smiles".
More info on the Tatu.us forum, here: International version of Snegopady (Snowfalls)
"Snegopady" Trailer Released
New video premieres on April 17
t.A.T.u. has just released the trailer of the next single - "Snegopady" (Snowfalls) - on YouTube. The complete video will be shown on MTV Russia on April 17.
More info on the Tatu.us forum, here: Fourth Single: Snegopady
Older news can be found in the NEWS ARCHIVE, click here.
Last update: June 3, 2010
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London Korean Film Night: Bungee Jumping of their Own
Added by KCCUK on July 19, 2018.
Saved under Featured Event, FILM, Korean
In 1983, college freshman In-woo falls for fellow student Tae-hee. His relentless pursuit pays off when, during a hike, they declare their mutual love and decide to seal it with a bungee jump in New Zealand. At the moment of leaving Seoul, In-woo waits in vain at the station for Tae-hee, who never shows up. Seventeen years later, In-woo – now a high school teacher with a family of his own – starts seeing idiosyncrasies of his former lover in a male student, and slowly becomes obsessed with him. As the mystery of who this boy might be unfolds, In-woo must deal with gay jibes and his own memories of Tae-hee to try and make sense of it all. A powerful romantic drama that tries to answer the question: can love endure forever? Using a cyclical structure, Director Kim Dae-seung opens and closes his film following the course of a river, which suggests that love is never-ending, just as the current that never stops. He elevates love above and beyond classifications such as sexuality, boldly challenging notions of heterosexism and what constitutes the ‘norm’.
Director: Kim Dae-seung
Running time: 101mins
Event Date: 19th July 2018, 7:00pm
Location: KCCUK
About KCCUK
Opened by the 'Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism' in January 2008 under the jurisdiction of the 'Embassy of the Republic of Korea' London, the role of the KCC is to enhance friendship, amity and understanding between Korea and the UK through cultural and educational activities.
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Global Phenomenon "Rick and Morty" Dimension Hops to HBO Max
All three seasons of Rick and Morty that have aired to date will be available to viewers on the service when HBO Max launches in the US in May 2020.
[via press release from WarnerMedia]
First Three Seasons of Adult Swim's Primetime Emmy(R) Award-Winning Hit Series to be Available on the Direct-To-Consumer Offering at Launch
LOS ANGELES - October 29, 2019 - Announced today at the HBO Max WarnerMedia Day, the direct-to-consumer offering has secured streaming rights to Adult Swim's Emmy award-winning animated series Rick and Morty in the United States.
Deemed what a "modern day hit" looks like, Rick and Morty was the #1 comedy across all of television in 2017 with young adults and has become a multi-platform sensation not just on television, but across digital, gaming, livestreaming, retail, and fan experiences.The series recently received an unprecedented 70 episode order. Rick and Morty's highly anticipated fourth season premieres on Adult Swim and in several countries on Sunday, November 10th.
Winner of 2018's Primetime Emmy(R) Award for Outstanding Animated Program, Rick and Morty is a true global phenomenon. Rick and Morty has aired on every continent and is a consumer products success, twice named the License of the Year by the industry trade group LIMA International.
"Rick and Morty exploded onto the scene in 2013 and quickly drew a legion of rabid followers from both critics and young fans," said Kevin Reilly, chief content officer, HBO Max and president TBS, TNT, truTV. "The jokes come fast and frenetically in a smart comedy concoction we are so happy to deliver on HBO Max."
Rick and Morty follows a sociopathic genius scientist who drags his inherently timid grandson on insanely dangerous adventures across the universe. Rick Sanchez is living with his daughter Beth's family and constantly bringing her, his son-in-law Jerry, granddaughter Summer, and grandson Morty into intergalactic escapades.
All three seasons of Rick and Morty that have aired to date will be available to viewers on the service when HBO Max launches in the US in May 2020. Future seasons of Rick and Morty will continue to premiere on Adult Swim before streaming on HBO Max.
Rick and Morty stars Justin Roiland (Adventure Time), Sarah Chalke (Scrubs), Chris Parnell (Saturday Night Live), and Spencer Grammer (Greek). The series is co-created by Dan Harmon (Community) and Roiland, who also serve as executive producers.
About HBO Max
HBO Max is WarnerMedia's direct-to-consumer offering debuting in spring 2020. With 10,000 hours of curated premium content anticipated at launch, HBO Max will offer powerhouse programming for everyone in the home, bringing together HBO, a robust slate of new original series, key third-party licensed programs and movies, and fan favorites from WarnerMedia's rich library including Warner Bros., New Line, DC, CNN, TNT, TBS, truTV, Turner Classic Movies, Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Crunchyroll, Rooster Teeth, Looney Tunes and more. Sign up for updates at HBOMax.com.
About WarnerMedia
WarnerMedia is a leading media and entertainment company that creates and distributes premium and popular content from a diverse array of talented storytellers and journalists to global audiences through its consumer brands including: HBO, HBO Now, HBO Max, Warner Bros., TNT, TBS, truTV, CNN, DC, New Line, Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Turner Classic Movies and others. WarnerMedia is part of AT&T Inc. (NYSE:T).
About Adult Swim
Adult Swim (AdultSwim.com), launched in 2001, is Turner's network offering original and acquired animated and live-action series for young adults. Airing nightly from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. (ET/PT), Adult Swim is basic cable's #1 network with persons 18-34 and 18-49, and is seen in 94 million U.S. homes.
· RICK & MORTY (ADULT SWIM)
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TCM Festival
Myth Making: The Misfits (1961)
Pulitzer Prize winning playwright Arthur Miller traveled to Reno, Nevada, in the spring of 1956 to divorce his first wife. Fulfilling the state's six week residency requirement until the marriage was legally dissolved, Miller stayed at a cabin on Pyramid Lake, about 100 miles from "the biggest little city in the world." During his time in this "forbidding but beautiful place," he got to know a few modern-day cowboy types who made their living capturing wild mustangs and selling them to be butchered for dog food. Miller was invited to join them on one of these hunts. From his experiences in a "whole state full of misfits," Arthur Miller later fashioned a short story that was published the following year in Esquire magazine.
Posted by The Lady Eve at 4:00 PM 41 comments:
Labels: Arthur Miller, Clark Gable, Eli Wallach, Horseathon, John Huston, Marilyn Monroe, Montgomery Clift, The Lady Eve (author), The Misfits, Thelma Ritter
Over the Rain-Forest and the Still Water Beach
Abandoned movie set, Mismaloya, Mexico: photo courtesy of TripAdvisor
The programmers at Turner Classic Movies may not have planned the schedule with me in mind, but they’ve lined up a fine mix of films for me on my birthday this year.
Bruno Ganz in Wings of Desire
I share my day with Sir Laurence Olivier (born May 22, 1907), and TCM has programmed some films of his that I haven’t seen, including Term of Trial (1962), co-starring the great French actress, Simone Signoret. Later on in the day my beloved San Francisco provides the setting for the 1955 sci-fi classic, It Came from Beneath the Sea, in which the city is attacked by a radiation-enlarged octopus. In the evening, this month's TCM guest programmer, Deborah Winger, is set to appear. Among her choices is one film I haven’t seen but have had on my to-watch list for a long time: Wim Wenders' 1987 classic, Wings of Desire, brought its director the Best Director prize at Cannes in 1987 and won or was nominated for a raft of other awards.
Winger has also chosen to spotlight John Huston’s masterful production of Tennessee Williams' The Night of the Iguana (1964), one of the great film adaptations of Williams' work.
Posted by The Lady Eve at 6:00 AM 15 comments:
Labels: Ava Gardner, Cyril Delevanti, Deborah Kerr, John Huston, Laurence Olivier, Ray Stark, Richard Burton, TCM, Tennessee Williams, The Lady Eve (author), The Night of the Iguana, Wim Wenders, Wings of Desire
Tales of Hollywood: The Wild Ride of Preston Sturges
Turner Classic Movies began its salute to Star of the Month Joel McCrea on Wednesday, May 2, with two of his most enjoyable films - and two of the best films from writer/director Preston Sturges: Sullivan's Travels and The Palm Beach Story. Sturges was one of Hollywood's brightest lights during the early '40s, writing and directing in quick succession a unique and inspired string of spirited satires: The Great McGinty (1940) for which he won the first Oscar awarded for Best Original Screenplay, Christmas in July (1940), The Lady Eve (1941), Sullivan's Travels (1941), The Palm Beach Story (1942), The Miracle of Morgan's Creek (1944) and Hail the Conquering Hero (1944). His last great gem, the dark, deft Unfaithfully Yours (1948), was made during his fall from grace and was for years overlooked. The world of Preston Sturges was the definition of a "cockeyed caravan"* - onscreen and off...
Labels: Chateau Marmont, Joel McCrea, Preston Sturges, TCM, The Garden of Allah, The Lady Eve (author), The Players
The Lady Eve
Positively the same dame
The Classic Movie Blog Assn.
The LAMB
2019 CMBA Award
Best Classic Movie Blog Event: Vive la France! Blogathon
Best Classic Movie Article: The Banned Films of Marlene Dietrich
Best Film Review/Musical or Comedy: On the Town
Best Film Review/ Drama: All About Eve
Best Profile of a Performer: Cagney
Best Classic Movie Blog Event: A Month of Vertigo
Best Film Review/Drama: The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex
Best Profile of a Performer: About John Gilbert, for the Classic Film & TV Cafe
The Many Loves of Elizabeth Taylor
The Gene Tierney Centenary, Pt. 2: "...carried by the winds and the tides"
Coming August 25 & 26: The Vive la France! Blogathon
Hitchcockian: François Truffaut 's The Soft Skin (1964)
Underworld (1927), at the dawn of the modern gangster film
The Long and Winding BLOGROLL...
Reel SF
Classic Film and TV Café
stars and letters
DREAMS ARE WHAT LE CINEMA IS FOR...
Silver Screen Modes by Christian Esquevin
Classic Movie Blog Assn. Member Blogs
Old Hollywood Films
More Reel Life
Lady Eve's Reel Life uses images to enhance its criticism and comments on classic films, and no copyright infringement is intended. If you feel this "fair use" violates your copyright of an image, please e-mail ladyevesidwich@gmail.com and the image will be removed.
1939 (2) 2011 CiMBA Awards (1) 31 Days of Oscar Blogathon (2) 7x7 Link Award (1) A Month of Vertigo (18) A Streetcar Named Desire (2) A.O. Scott (1) Alexander Korda (2) Alfred Hitchcock (48) Alfred Hitchcock Geek (1) Allen Hefner (2) Anthony Mann (1) Anthony Perkins (2) Anton Grot (1) Arletty (2) Armored Car Robbery (1) Arthur Freed (2) Arthur Miller (1) Audrey Hepburn (4) Audrey Totter (1) Ava Gardner (2) Back Street (1) Barbara Bel Geddes (1) Barbara Hershey (1) Barbara Stanwyck (3) Bell Book and Candle (2) Bernard Herrmann (7) Bette Davis (9) Billy Wilder (2) Bing Crosby (1) Blackmail (2) Blonde Venus (1) Bonjour Tristesse (1) Brandie Ashe (2) Brandon Kyle Goco (1) Breakfast at Tiffany's (5) Breathless (1) Bullitt (2) Captain Blood (1) Captain Gregg (2) Carole Lombard (2) Cary Grant (4) Casablanca (7) Catalina Island (1) Cecil B. 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The Story of Film: An Odyssey (2011)
Posted on September 3, 2016 by badblokebob
100 Films in a Year #1000
Mark Cousins | 915 mins | DVD | 1.78:1 | UK / English | 15
Written, directed, and narrated by film journalist/historian/fan Mark Cousins, The Story of Film: An Odyssey is an epic 15-hour account of innovation throughout the history of moviemaking, which began its premiere broadcast five years ago today. It’s an acclaimed work, to be sure, but one that also attracts its fair share of controversy — about films and filmmakers that Cousins chose to leave out, in some cases about those he chose to include, and about how the documentary itself was made: the oddly framed interviews, the artistic shots of baubles, Cousins’ accent and vocal inflections. (Also, in the context of counting it as part of 100 Films, you may think it’s a TV series. Well, I went over that here.)
In the booklet that accompanies the series’ film’s UK DVD release, Cousins explains how and why the project came about:
There have been histories of the movie genres before, star histories, continental histories, histories of popular cinema, Godard’s essayistic history, etc. But no-one had tried to do a history of innovation in the movies. […] I was angry, too, that movie history is often so parochial, so provincial. We remember Garbo but not the great Chinese actress Ruan Lingyu, we worship Pixar but not the great Iranian kids’ films of Mohammed Ali-Talebi. This is blatantly unfair. The playing field is not level. The bullies with massive marketing budgets force their movies on us, whether they’re good or not, thus restricting our choice.
Part of the point of The Story of Film, then, is to widen Western audiences’ understanding of film and its history — a position also not without controversy, but I’ll come back to that.
The original concept was to tell this story over a handful of 90-minute episodes — “three chunky Saturday nights on BBC2 or C4”, as producer John Archer describes it in the DVD’s booklet. Unfortunately, the BBC declared the project was “too big”, which is ironic considering how it ended up. As Cousins describes in this making-of article, to help pitch the series they set out to produce a 10-minute test. When that clocked in at 50 minutes, they realised the final piece would have to be considerably longer than expected. By the time More4 got involved to buy the UK TV rights, the expected running time was 12 hours. It continued to grow, eventually looking like it would finish at 18 hours. Cousins decided this could be honed “to 15 hours but any less and — I told my producer and Tabitha Jackson our Exec Producer at More4 — we’d have to cut out Woody Allen, Robert Altman, people like that… So they gave me 15 hours.”
Those final 15 hours represent tens of thousands of hours of work. Cousins estimates the work needed to prepare and finish the clips from other films (of which there are about 1,000) totalled 20,000 man hours, most of it completed by just Cousins and Archer, working 90-hour weeks on four hours sleep a night, with festival and broadcast deadlines looming. Before that, they spent six years travelling the world — “across China and LA, to Tokyo and the streets of Mumbai, to the urban canyons of New York, the film schools of Paris, to Eisenstein’s Moscow and Bergman’s Sweden” — recording interviews and scene-setting footage. It’s an epic undertaking, whichever way you cut it. As film programmer Thom Powers described it in the TIFF catalogue, “by taking a DIY approach, Cousins preserves an editorial independence that normally gets lost with a bigger budget and committee decision-making. […] After experiencing this history from such a distinctive viewpoint, you may crave similar treatments for music, literature, politics or whatever compels you.”
The end result is indeed a magnificent viewing experience. Cousins’ chosen remit is so wide, and his knowledge so deep, that even the most seasoned cinephile is sure to learn something new at some point. It’s like attending a film course with an immensely well-read lecturer who’s keen to share his accumulated wisdom with you. Indeed, to quote from the man himself again, “in the era of DVD, Blu-ray, streaming and VOD, hundreds of thousands of movies are available, often a click away. At times of such plenitude, it’s easy to get bewildered — what should I watch next? The Story of Film: An Odyssey is […] our passionate suggestions of what to watch next.” Those suggestions encompass the whole history and world of cinema, in a very literal way. This manifestly isn’t just the story of Hollywood and European arthouse — Cousins is also keen to cover the emergent cinema of South America, Africa, and others. Including them isn’t a sop; a case of “everyone gets a prize!” It’s a case of films of genuine import or interest that have been overlooked, for various reasons, and Cousins makes a strong case not only for why these wrongs should be righted, but for why you’d want them to be, too.
Nonetheless, some have criticised the series for its lack of focus on American/Western cinema, which is to spectacularly miss (part of) the point. One of Cousins’ goals is to shake us out of our inward-looking learnt-by-rote Hollywood-centric history of the movies. He’s not seeking to ignore Hollywood, but to share what was going on elsewhere in the world — stuff that, sometimes, Hollywood later appropriated for its own. And besides, I don’t need him to tell me of the rise and fall of the studio system, of the arrival of the film school auteurs, of the birth and growth of the blockbuster, of the indie explosion and near-death, of the rise of a new studio system and the near-dominance of the blockbuster. Some people seem to want a documentary that tells the history of cinema as they already know it; a documentary that does so little to challenge their existing knowledge that they probably could’ve knocked it out themselves given an hour or two. Isn’t it better to have something challenging? Something that says, “you think you know the history of cinema, but are you sure?” Something that shows us something new.
Cousins specifically outlines pretty much all of this in his eight-minute introduction right at the start of the series. He outright says the accepted history of cinema is wrong and needs rewriting. Now, that doesn’t mean you have to accept that he’s right to say that — and whether or not you feel his story adequately makes the case for it will be the deciding factor in whether you should believe him or not — but to expect anything different is to not be paying attention. He also makes clear that it’s the story of innovation in film. Does that make it comprehensive? No, of course not — there are surely many films that aren’t innovative in and of themselves but that are significant and immensely influential. That doesn’t make Cousins wrong to omit them, because that’s not exactly the story he’s telling. But it also validates the argument that this is “a” story of film rather than a catch-all definitive telling of everything important.
The other main complaint about the series seems to concern Cousins’ voice, in particular citing a tendency towards AQI. This might sound like a witless niggle, but when you’re essentially listening to that voice talk for 15 hours, it isn’t a small issue. Personally, I find AQI intensely irritating and so think I’m quite sensitive to it, but I barely heard it at all. In fact, on the whole, I found Cousins’ narration to be uncommonly pleasant, especially as it so often comes with the benefit of some nice, crisp diction. Besides, that upward inflection “is also a feature of several UK dialects, especially in mid-Ulster and Belfast” — guess which city Mr Cousins hails from.
Although The Story of Film works as one (very long) film, it’s also possible to see where the divisions into 15 TV-friendly parts occurred. Here are some of my thoughts on each section, using the titles as found in the DVD booklet (because not everyone agrees on those).
Part One: Birth of the Cinema (1895-1920)
Beginning at the beginning, the opening hour is like a “basics of film” class — it covers all the innovations of framing (close-ups), editing (parallel cutting; the 180 rule), and more. It teaches how films are built to this day from how those rules were discovered and established. When it moves on to things like the birth of the movie star, of special effects, of Hollywood, you realise that so much of what still defines the world of movies was set out back in its very earliest days.
As an opening instalment, it also gives you a sense of Cousins’ stylistic goals for the series. For instance, although this is an artistic history of film (of its concepts, ideas, and meanings), it’s one that’s cognisant of how external real-world forces played a part in that — for example, the American studios being located in Hollywood because of people wanting to avoid the copyrights and patents placed on filmmaking on the East Coast. It also tells the story across the ages at all times. The broad sweep of the narrative structure moves chronologically, but Cousins is unafraid to make connections to films made many decades later to help illustrate a point or to show how ideas or techniques have endured. It’s more effective and informative than remaining slavishly chronological.
Part Two: The Hollywood Dream (1920s)
Sticking with the silent era (more on the significance of that in a minute), this hour covers grand fantasies and romances, like The Thief of Bagdad; the innovations and influence of silent comedians like Keaton, Lloyd and, primarily, Chaplin; and the birth of documentary, not as mere observed non-fiction, but as storytelling in its own right. Cousins asserts that documentary is seen by most as being plainly factual, but it is actually one of the most innovative of all genres. Certainly, there’s more to the construction of documentaries than some people realise.
Even this early in the series, there are so many films of which we get fascinating glimpses — it’s sure to leave you with a massive list of things you want to see. Similarly, it’s so dense with information and analysis that it feels wrong to watch too much at once. It’s like eating too much rich food: you still enjoy it, but you can’t separate it out in your mind, can’t appreciate or process it properly. But then binge watching is all the rage nowadays, so maybe that’s just me. (Or maybe people aren’t appreciating things fully, but that’s a debate for another time.)
Part Three: Expressionism, Impressionism, Surrealism (1920s)
The third hour explicitly concerns the people and movements Cousins sees as alternatives or rebels to ’20s and ’30s cinema, both what they did that was different and how it fed back into the mainstream. We’re talking the likes of impressionism (Abel Gance), expressionism (Caligari), surrealism (Buñuel), the Russians (Eisenstein), the Japanese (Ozu), the Chinese (Ruan Lingyu), and more. All innovated in different ways — ways that were either integrated into common filmmaking, or remain striking and boundary-pushing to this day, almost 100 years later.
Some people write off the silent era as “that funny little bit at the beginning before sound came along”, dismissing a 35-year chunk of culture in a single swipe. That’s like ignoring every film made between 1981 and today (which, in fairness, I suppose some people do). Naturally, Cousins is not so foolhardy: it’s over three hours before he reaches the arrival of sound. When he ends this hour by foreshadowing the coming of sound, it’s constructed like a cliffhanger; not only that, but the narration disappears and is replaced by intertitles, to emphasise the point. This isn’t classical documentary making, but playful, individualistic, and clearly iconoclastic. It’s a personal visual lecture, rather than a glossy, polished, manufactured ‘product’.
Part Four: The Arrival of Sound (1930s)
Sound is obviously an important aspect of movies nowadays, but at first it was almost more of a burden. Cousins argues that its arrival standardised American cinema into only six genres: horror, Western, gangster, comedy, musical, and animation. It’s an interesting contention — I suppose his broader point is that Hollywood atrophied, to an extent; its camerawork certainly did, at least at first — but it doesn’t sound quite extensive enough. I mean, surely they made romances?
Still, it’s easy to let such things slide when Cousins is busy drawing fascinating links elsewhere. Here, he discusses the contrast between the white light of Westerns (films about an idealistic age when laws were made) and the dirty light of gangster pictures (films about a dying world where lawbreakers are the heroes of a cynical age, when the making of the laws is long forgotten). These two genres co-exist, yet don’t consciously interact — except in the mind of the filmgoer, when we see both types of picture and can draw such links; links that none of the filmmakers involved ever intended, but which are unquestionably there. Cousins draws out these connections beautifully.
Finally, Cousins paints the ’30s as being about the American genres vs. innovation in European cinema, before taking us to London to meet a man who was both a great genre filmmaker and great innovator: Alfred Hitchcock. Britain bridging the gap between Europe and the US? Twas ever thus.
Part Five: Post-War Cinema (1940s)
Hitchcock said cinema is life with the boring bits cut out; the neo-realists said cinema is the boring bits. That probably explains why I’ve yet to enjoy anything neo-realist. Aside from that, Cousins gives us a nice big chunk on film noir and how it combined multiple influences, and covers the importance of Welles, Stagecoach, and The Third Man, which Cousins thinks encapsulates all of ’40s cinema. As you can see, this is not a documentary maker who’s ignoring established and well-known texts, but is perhaps more selective about which merit inclusion.
From a filmmaking perspective, between the film clips the series is what you might call “artistically shot” — there are very few talking heads; it’s all narrated by Cousins; and there’s lots of metaphorical imagery, some blatant (to represent the bauble of Hollywood we have… a bauble on a tree near Hollywood), others more ephemeral. However, at this point in the series we begin to see more taking heads, because we’re reaching eras where people (or people-who-knew-people) are still alive. It feels like a consequence of that is more close readings of specific films and/or filmmakers, with the series moving away from the “film theory” feel of earlier episodes a little bit, more into the territory of being the story of what occurred.
Part Six: Sex & Melodrama (1950s)
Talking of filmmaking technique, Cousins chooses to frame every interview differently. You might think it amateurism, not knowing how to frame interviewees consistently, but it was a conscious choice. He was, presumably, trying to convey something with how he framed them. Whether that was a worthwhile exercise or not is another matter. It certainly comes across as highly idiosyncratic at times.
At this point, the story of film is really increasingly global: there are great films in America, Britain, Europe, and Japan, as you might expect, but also Egypt, India, and Latin America. On the surface, the different films of these different countries are completely different. Underneath, Cousins demonstrates, they’re linked by trying to come to terms with a new, changing world, repressed emotions bursting forth, and sex. Lots of sex.
Part Seven: European New Wave (1960s)
Cousins begins by tackling the new waves led by four European directors: Bergman, Fellini, Bresson, Tati. There are a couple of significant directors missing from what one typically thinks of as “new wave” there, but this isn’t Cousins being deliberately controversial: after talking about the innovations of those four, he says the directors of the French New Wave came along and “carpet bombed” their revolutions, describing Godard as “the greatest movie terrorist”.
Here, Baz Luhrmann (believe it or not) makes a nice point about changing styles: the Nouvelle Vague wasn’t “real life”, it was an artifice, but an artifice that rejected the big costumes, pretty shots, vibrant colours, and romanticism of mainstream American cinema; and eventually that artifice came back in to fashion, and eventually it will be rejected again. Everything is cyclical, which is practically a philosophy for all life. Luhrmann compares it to language: the words change but the message remains the same; people always say “I love you” or “I want to kill you”, but how they say it is just fashion.
Part Eight: New Directors, New Form (1960s)
As the ’60s continue, new waves and revolutions are everywhere. There’s the Eastern Bloc and the cinema of protest (“rebels with a cause”, as Cousins puts it) and even more new, radical filmmakers in Japan, Africa, Iran, even the UK: Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, Kes, A Hard Day’s Night. It’s interesting to see very familiar films of British cinema put into this context — Ken Loach discusses the influence of Czech film on Kes, for instance.
Not even America is exempt. In a world where JFK, Malcolm X, and a million civilians in Vietnam protests were all murdered, and where cinema attendance was falling as people stayed home with TV, there were radical filmmakers Stateside too — including Hitchcock! Psycho, for instance, which eschews Hollywood gloss with its plain costumes, plain locations, and plain black & white photography, which Cousins aligns with documentary-influenced independent cinema. More obviously, there was Easy Rider. It was innovative, throwing all kinds of techniques at the screen, and appealed to young people who were fed up with conservative mainstream cinema and wanted something groundbreaking, forward-thinking, revolutionary — and it was a box office hit. The series gets you in the mindset to go beyond the connections Cousins draws and begin to make links yourself. Like, if this is how film as a medium, and society as a whole, seems always to have moved forward, then what thrilling revolutions can we see young people flocking to in the modern day? Disney superhero movies. Belated sequels to childhood favourites. Adaptations of socially conservative novels aimed at teenagers. Oh. Such contrast between then and now is a bit depressing, really.
Cousins concludes by saying this era of innovativeness wasn’t permanent — the ’70s would bring old-fashioned romantic entertaining cinema. As per Luhrmann’s theory, “what goes around comes around”, essentially. To be more positive about modern movies, I suppose this is an era we’re in now. I guess you could conflate the indie boom of the ’90s with the ’60s, or the auteur side of the ’70s; while the post-millennial special effects blockbusters are the latest incarnation of the Star Wars/Jaws/etc-driven ’80s. But then again, blockbusters also existed in the ’90s, and popular indie movies exist now — so how do you decide what’s the dominant form of an era? Is that purely the job of history — what gets remembered best. But what about when they all get remembered, as with the ’90s? I’ve diverged wildly into my own half-conceived theories here, but as if to back up my point about a time being more than one thing, the ’70s are about to get three whole episodes…
Part Nine: American Cinema of the 70s
In the first part on the ’70s, Cousins identifies three types of American auteurs/arthouse: mockery/satire (Buck Henry), dissident films that challenged conventional style (Charles Burnett), and assimilationist movies that told studio genre-style stories with new techniques (Robert Towne). Flying in the face of that criticism about Cousins ignoring US/Western films, in most eras he comes back to America, its story and innovations, after he’s done everywhere else. The exceptions are the birth of Hollywood in the ’20s and the radical ’70s, when he starts with America. Does Cousins want to get these famed and fêted eras in the US out of the way before he moves on to elsewhere, to avoid the nagging “but what about [major US film / director / movement]” question that many viewers would be troubled about otherwise? I doubt he’s so concerned with what you or I are pondering. Rather, these are the times when American cinema was most genuinely innovative (at least in Cousins’ opinion).
Part Ten: Movies to Change the World (1970s)
In the second part of the ’70s, Cousins has a particularly bold assertion: “Performance was not only the greatest ’70s film about identity. If any movie in the whole story of film should be compulsory viewing for filmmakers, maybe this is it.” I’ve not seen it, so I couldn’t say whether I agree or not, but it’s an unusual claim.
Cousins rattles round the globe here (Germany, Japan, Italy, Australia), but the most interesting part comes in Burkina Faso. Today, tens of thousands of people there attend the opening of a film festival. Local director Gaston Kaboré argues that consuming film from other countries is interesting, but if that’s all you do then your lose your uniqueness, your own way of seeing and thinking, your identity. This is exactly what continues to happen in countries that primarily consume American movies — they are increasingly Americanised. I don’t think it would be unreasonable to argue that Britain is one of the worst hit by this. Unlike other countries, we have governments with no serious interest in supporting a national cinema, and the lack of a language barrier between us and the US (only aided by the internet, both in terms of global conversation and media piracy) has created an ever-strengthening supply-and-demand culture across both TV and film. Of course, it can go both ways: look at all the British TV series that have had relatively large US success in the past few years. Somehow I think it’s had more of an impact on our little island, though.
Part Eleven: The Arrival of Multiplexes and Asian Mainstream (1970s)
As Cousins closes out his three-hour overview of the ’70s, we (or I) find ourselves in much more familiar territory: first Hong Kong, for the Shaw Brothers, Bruce Lee, John Woo, Tsui Hark, A Better Tomorrow, Once Upon a Time in China, Dragon Inn, Iron Monkey… then India, for Bollywood and Sholay… then the Middle East, with films about Mohammad and recent events… and then, most recognisable of all to Western audiences, and most influential of all to the world, Hollywood — Jaws, The Exorcist… Star Wars. In all instances, this is cinema that moved away from intellectual thought and hard-hitting realism, and more towards feeling, sensation, emotion, fantasy. These things come and go (Luhrmann’s point about the cyclical nature of it all being perhaps the most pertinent observation of the entire series), but it’s hard to argue against the developments of the ’70s still being an influence today.
Part Twelve: Fight the Power: Protest in Film (1980s)
Much of this series is about things that are important within the world of film, but here we find movies that literally changed the world — like A Short Film About Killing, which contributed to the abolition of the death penalty in Poland. Elsewhere, director John Sayles and his producer/partner Maggie Renzi give birth to the methodology of what we now know as American independent cinema. Renzi says that Hollywood doesn’t even do what Hollywood does very well anymore — that it takes nine writers to produce a screenplay no better than the first draft — and she’s probably right.
While the list of “films that look worth seeing” continues to grow, sometimes the speed at which they pass by makes it tricky to know how worth seeing they are. For example, in this hour Cousins discusses Yeelen, describing it as “one of cinema’s most complex works of art”. Based on a Malian legend, telling of a heroic quest featuring magic and precognition, it sounds interesting, but it’s also hard to infer if it’s complex in a good, interesting way or in a frustrating, pretentious way.
Part Thirteen: New Boundaries: World Cinema in Africa, Asia, Latin America (1990s)
With only a couple of hours left(!), Cousins reaches modern concerns — here, it’s the last hurrah of celluloid and realism, before digital and fakery took over. Part of Cousins’ thesis seems to be that world cinema filmmakers were reacting to fantasy cinema by trying to show the real world, but that became a last gasp before fantasy cinema took over. It’s almost like a battle for the fate of cinema, between realism and fantasy; and fantasy won. So we have Dogme 95 and La Haine, but also Iranian filmmakers who played with form and reality, like making fictional versions of true stories using the real people; or Abbas Kiarostami, who made a film, then made a film about searching for the actors from that film, then made a film about an incident from the making of the second film. And fantasy and reality collide in places, like Michael Haneke and Funny Games, where the evil youths wink at the camera and rewind life like we rewind videos. That was groundbreaking, and obviously only possible in the home video era when rewinding, y’know, existed.
Part Fourteen: New American Independents & The Digital Revolution (1990s)
As we get closer to today, you find more and more references to the past. Is film coming full circle? Or at least becoming more self-aware; referencing itself more often. We’re talking Tarantino’s post-modern screenplays, the Coen brother’s re-appropriation of classic genres and imagery, Gus Van Sant’s film-history-aware visuals, the satire of Paul Verhoeven, Baz Luhrmann’s flamboyant romanticisation of real life, and so on. It makes you think: is this the absolutely perfect time to be making a major “history of film” documentary?
It also reminds you that style or genre do not have to negate substance. Starship Troopers was born out of Verhoeven’s desire to make a film about young men coming into the prime of their lives at an exciting time for their country when everything was developing — that time and country being Germany in 1935, and the men being excited by Nazism. No Hollywood studio would ever make that movie, of course, but take those themes and do them as science fiction…
Part Fifteen: Cinema Today and the Future (2000s)
Unsurprisingly, the concluding hour feels somewhat less clear about what was particularly innovative and what exactly was going on that was most significant — it’s coming up to the present day and looking to the future, which is too recent to get a proper handle on. Nonetheless, Cousins does find genuine innovation, like the single-take Russian Ark. It’s not a film I liked, and even the analysis here incidentally alludes to why: you need to know what you’re seeing, and the context of what came next (in history) to get the point. If your knowledge of Russian history isn’t on the money, if you don’t know what you’re seeing depicted and what came after it, the film offers you no succour, and feels aimless. But innovative? Yes. Indeed, it’s a filmmaking feat that has only recently been emulated.
Talking of emulation, it seems unlikely anyone else will make a documentary as comprehensive and insightful as what Cousins has achieved here. For anyone serious about a love of film, it is a must-see. That doesn’t mean you’ll always agree with it, or accept it as the definitive telling of the story of motion pictures, but it is nonetheless a wide-reaching and thoroughly educational overview of what is arguably modern times’ most significant artform.
This entry was posted in 2010s, 2015, 5 stars, British films, Documentary, films about films, TV reviews and tagged #1000, Baz Luhrmann, films, Mark Cousins, movies, The Story of Film, The Story of Film: An Odyssey, TV by badblokebob. Bookmark the permalink.
2 thoughts on “The Story of Film: An Odyssey (2011)”
Mike on September 3, 2016 at 9:33 am said:
Good, fulsome writing! I remember this being screened and tending to watch it very late on Saturday night/Sunday morning, often the worse for wear and taking in little of what was being said! Since then I’ve bought the set and I like it a lot, though I’m stuck somewhere around episode nine (for no good reason). I see it as a great lesson in world cinema, an eye-opener into film making regions that normally don’t see the light of day in this country. As for Mr Cousins’s speaking voice, I like that too – idiosyncratic and enthusiastic. Nothing at all wrong with it.
badblokebob on September 3, 2016 at 1:54 pm said:
Ah, I know all about leaving off TV series at random points in the middle for no good reason!
The biggest ‘downside’ to the series is that some of the most interesting-looking films it highlights are from those less-explored regions, so they’re also some of the most obscure and hardest to easily come by (as if there wasn’t enough stuff to watch anyway!)
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https://www.aacsb.edu/about/advocacy-and-awareness/member-challenges/innovations-that-inspire/2019/fgv-eaesp
About AACSB>Advocacy and Awareness>Member Challenges>Innovations That Inspire>2019>Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo
Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo
Innovating the Applied Research Model
Since 2015, FGV EAESP has systematically worked to consolidate their applied research management model in order to value researchers focused on this activity and maximize the impact of research on organizations and society.
FGV EAESP was Brazil’s first business school, founded in 1954 with the mission of supporting the country’s development. From the start, it has been close to businesses and public organizations. In the early 2010s, FGV EAESP was the leading school in Brazil, enjoying international recognition. While its academic output was growing and becoming more international, many professors felt the need to combine “rigor and relevance,” conducting research and other activities that could produce actual social impact. Accordingly, within a system that provides great academic freedom, applied research centers that had been established in the 1990s grew stronger. A veritable “emerging strategy,” this movement was recognized, encouraged, and supported through a renewed research policy and a number of supplementary management initiatives.
Innovation Description
The innovation implemented by FGV EAESP consisted of its applied research-integrated management model. This model originated in the applied research centers created in the late 1990s, which gained momentum as of the 2010s but were actually structured as of 2015. The primary objective of this model is to encourage applied research at FGV EAESP, combining rigor and relevance. The main components of this model are the following:
A new research policy that valued both academic and applied research.
An expansion of the role of the Research Committee, which now included monitoring and encouraging applied research.
In late 2017, the 16 applied research centers had 86 faculty members.
Five specialized professional masters’ degrees established as of 2015 for business executives, each of them directly associated with an applied research center.
A DBA for C-level professionals established in 2016.
Encouraging a culture that values research with social impact.
Adopting a Y-shaped career path, according to which practice-driven researchers are as recognized as academic researchers.
Offering resources from an internal fund for applied research.
Accelerating efforts to disseminate applied research through events with managers, yearbooks, short texts, and videos.
The improvement of the applied research model produced different impacts:
In 2017, 86 professors and 219 researchers were involved in the 16 applied research centers at FGV EAESP
Production of knowledge at these centers grew significantly to the following in 2017: 170 articles, books, and book chapters published in Brazil, and 82 articles, books, and book chapters published internationally
Also in 2017, the applied research centers held nearly 196 events to disseminate knowledge and discuss themes of interest
In 2017, the applied research centers obtained more than 3 million dollars in grants from local and international agencies, which contributed decisively to their goal of being financially self-sufficient
A number of researchers at the applied research centers collaborated with print media and television
FGV EAESP: Applied Research Centers
FGV EAESP Research Yearbook
The activities of the applied research centers are held in partnership with other centers, schools, companies, consortia of companies, social organizations, and government organizations. Below are five significant examples of partnerships:
Project: Brazilian Program GHG Protocol & Public Record of Emissions Applied Research
Center: Center for Sustainability Studies
Partners: World Resources Institute (USA), The Climate Registry (USA), The Climate and Energy Registry (China)
Project: Smart Governance of Sustainable Cities (SmartGov) Applied Research
Center: Center for Public Administration and Government Studies
Partners: Research Centers at Utrecht University (Netherlands) and Stirling University (Scotland), Utrecht City Hall (Netherlands) and Glasgow City Hall (Scotland). Funded by NWO - The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Netherlands); ESRC - Economic and Social Research Council (Scotland); and FAPESP (Brazil)
Project: Urban Vulnerability and Socioeconomic Development: Applied Research Station M'Boi Mirim Applied Research
Partners: Research and Applied Knowledge Network of FGV and CNPq; Santos Mártires Society, PUC-SP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, University of Texas-Austin, Federal University of ABC, M'Boi Mirim Subprefeitura, residents, local leaders and representatives of social movements
Project: Digital Platforms for Financial Inclusion Applied Research
Center: Center for Studies in Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
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Project: Knowledge Platform in Adaptation to Climate Change Applied Research
Partners: Newton Fund operated by the British Council, International Institute for Environment and Development (IISD) and Ministry of Environment
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https://www.aacsb.edu/videos/aacsb-explores/2017/building-a-business-school-through-design-thinking
AACSB Explores>2017>Building a Business School Through Design Thinking
Building a Business School Through Design Thinking
UTS Business School at the University of Technology Sydney's Dean Roy Green tells Dan LeClair, EVP and chief strategy and innovation officer at AACSB, about the creation of the Dr. Chau Chak Wing Building, designed by architect Frank Gehry.
Dan LeClair: [00:16] I remember a long time ago, you telling me a little bit about the inspiration, a little bit about the vision that Frank [Gehry] has always had for education and how this might help translate.
[00:27] Can you take us back a little bit in time about the inspiration for this building? Beyond the creativity, what else might have played in?
Roy Green: [00:38] Well, when I began as dean, we conducted what we called a strategic conversation, which was to reflect where we were, and where we wanted to be in five years' time.
[00:48] We had some help from a design-thinking consulting firm, one of whose principals was the former head of the California College of Art.
[00:58] As our strategic conversation proceeded and we were reformulating our vision around integrative thinking, we got approval to do a new building on a brownfield site in the middle of Sydney.
[01:15] It occurred to us that an architect who would be very suited to this building, but whom we had no idea of contacting, would be Frank Gehry, given all the work he's done—concert halls, museums, corporate structures.
[01:34] But also in the educational space with MIT Stata, the Weatherhead School of Management, at Case Western, Princeton Science Library, he was really getting really involved in the educational context as well. We thought there might be a shared educational philosophy there as well.
[01:54] He asked us to state our vision, where we wanted to be. He thought that looked pretty interesting, and he texted back, "I'm up for it."
[02:04] Away we went, and it was just an extraordinary journey with Frank, a great journey of dialog and interaction with him about how, as he put it, he responded to our challenge as well, challenging us around our new philosophy.
[02:22] How we would reflect that in the design of a building, how we would, because the building isn't just about the architect, it's about what drives the architecture.
[02:34] Frank is someone who designs from the inside out. He wants to start from the functional spaces that we want to create around the way we work together with our students, with our partners, stakeholders, as well as reference the building to its external environment.
[02:52] That's why he chose this curvilinear brick exterior, something he hadn't done before. We asked him, "Have you ever done this, Frank?" He said, "No. But I like to do things for the first time."
[03:06] Anyone who sees the building will realize it is quite an engineering feat in itself as well as one that reflects and reinforces where we wanted to go with our educational programs.
LeClair: [03:18] More than many schools, this helps to illustrate how important the space is for learning and for the types of outcomes and impact that you're trying to make in the community.
Green: [03:29] Well, we say to ourselves, universities were inspiring spaces from the 15th century onwards. Then something went badly wrong in the 1970s, and we thought we could be creative in utilitarian boxes. How could that be possible?
[03:43] I think universities generally and business schools are now rediscovering architecture, rediscovering the importance of the physical spaces in which we work and the relationships we have within those spaces to programs that must, by design, be much more innovative, much more forward thinking than they might have been in the past.
Filmed April 2017 on site at AACSB's International Conference and Annual Meeting (ICAM) in Houston, Texas, USA.
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NYC men charged in Capitol riot appear in court, man arrested in New Jersey
MIDDLE VILLAGE, Queens (WABC) -- Two men from New York City were due in court Wednesday, one accused of threatening to send an armed caravan to the Capitol and the other who allegedly participated in the riot.
Eduard Florea was arrested in Middle Village, Queens, Tuesday night and is charged with being a convicted felon in possession of ammunition.
Law enforcement sources say they're investigating threats that were made online, and federal authorities say they found more than 1,000 rounds of rifle ammunition, two dozen shotgun rounds, 75 combat knives, two hatchets and two swords in his home.
A federal judge denied releasing Florea, agreeing with federal prosecutors that Florea posed a significant danger to the community and is a flight risk.
"It appears during the day of the January 6, when events were unfolding, Mr. Florea continued to post and make clear a premeditated plan to exact violence against people in New York and people in Washington against United States senators," Judge Sanket Bulsara said.
TOP NEWS | FBI offers chilling details of planned protests, New Jersey asks for public's help
Pierre Thomas has more on a warning from the FBI about possible armed protests planned in all 50 states over the next 10 days.
Officials say that while thousands were laying siege to the Capitol, Florea wrote on his since deleted Parler account, "Let's go! I will be reaching out to patriots in our area so we can come up with a game plan. Here in NY we are target rich. Dead men cant pass (expletive) laws. I will fight so help me God."
In a separate post, he wrote, "The time of peace and civilities are over. Three cars fill of armed patriots are en route from NY. Guns cleaned and loaded. Got a bunch of guys ready to deploy. We are just waiting for your order."
He also allegedly made threats against Georgia Senator-elect Raphael Warnock in the early morning of January 6, and the night before posted, "If I catch one of you (expletive) in DC tomorrow, definitely slashing a (expletive) throat, I promise you."
Florea was arrested in 2014 at his then Staten Island home for possession of a .50-caliber Colt AR-15, as well as hundreds of rounds of ammunition. He was in possession of 13 weapons, ranging from air pistols to a semiautomatic shotgun, at the time.
Also in 2014, he was also accused of choking his wife, with their 19-month-old daughter on her lap, and menacing both with a knife.
Meanwhile, the Metro-North employee who was spotted at the Capitol appeared before a judge after being arrested by the FBI.
Will Pepe, 31, was previously suspended without pay after colleagues recognized him in a photo released by authorities from the riots.
He was charged with unlawful entry and disorderly conduct, and he will be released on $10,000 bond and me must surrender his shotgun and hunting knives.
Additionally, he is barred from traveling to the District of Columbia "for any reason whatsoever." He must also submit to GPS monitoring, surrender his passport, and observe a curfew from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m.
"The allegations are that Mr. Pepe traveled from this area of the Southern District of New York to the District of Columbia and was part of the group of individuals that entered the Capitol building," Assistant U.S. Attorney Benjamin Gianforti said. "On the basis of that event, Mr. Pepe has either been suspended from or lost his job, so the curfew wouldn't curtail his employment at all."
HIs next court appearance, which will be virtual, was scheduled for January 22.
The MTA says Pepe called out sick last Wednesday to go to Washington.
Other local arrestsinclude Aaron Mostofsky, the son of a Brooklyn Supreme Court judge, who was released on bond after he was charged with theft of property and unlawful entry.
Thomas Baranyi, a 28-year-old from Ewing, NJ, was arrested by federal authorities Tuesday and charged with disorderly conduct. Federal prosecutors cited a television interview where Baranyi acknowledged he was in the Capitol and saw a 35-year-old year woman fatally shot.
He still had her blood on his hands when he conducted the interview.
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queensnew york citymiddle villageus capitolfbiu.s. & worldthreat
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Cuccione Michael
Author Tags: Health Music
Michael Cuccione (1985-2001) was a co-star in the MTV boy-band spoof show called 2gether. Having battled Hodgkin's disease as a child, he successfully played Jason "Q.T." McKnight as one of five actor/singers in the fictional boy band. The group also made public appearances, mostly notably as an opening act for Britney Spears. Their songs included, "The Hardest Part Of Breaking Up (Is Getting Your Stuff Back)," "Say It Don't Spray It" and "That's When I'll Be Gone." In 1998, he and his grandmother co-wrote a book about his inspiring recovery from Hodgkin's disease, There Are Survivors: The Michael Cuccione Story, compiled with the assistance of Peanut Butter Publishing in Vancouver. Not long afterwards, he died of collapsed lungs, brought on by pneumonia at age 16, in the wake of a car accident.
According to IMDb:
"Michael James Cuccione was born in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada on January 5th, 1985, to Domenic and Gloria Cuccione. In 1994, when he was only 9 years old, he was diagnosed with 2A Hodgkin's Disease. He recovered from two bouts of the cancer, but was left with permanent damage to and around his heart and lungs due to the massive doses of treatment he received.
"He then began to go on radio, television, and made many in-person appearances at schools, hospitals and other fund raising events, to tell people who were, or had suffered with cancer and to spread the knowledge of the deadly cancer. But more importantly, to inspire other people not to give up and to remain strong. Michael even met the Prime Minister of Canada.
"He later co-wrote a book with his grandmother, "There Are Survivors." He also wrote his own music and later released 5 songs on his first CD, "Making a difference". In 1999 Michael tried out for the role of 'Jason "QT" McKnight.' Michael and 4 other guys (Noah, Even, Chris and Alex) were found and formed into the boy band spoof, '2gether.' A lot of debate went back and forth about whether all of the 5 group members were the ones that were really singing. But later it was proved to the world that all 5 guys could sing and were the ones in fact singing.
"The movie 2gether (2000) was released in February 2000 and the soundtrack to the made-for-TV movie also made Billboard's Top 100 Album Charts. In August 2000 the movie became a weekly series, airing on Mondays at 10:00pm ET, on MTV. '2gether' also released another album titled "2gether Again". A soundtrack of the 2gether: The Series (2000) show series was released in August 2000. The album, "2gether Again", also made it to Billboard's Top 100 Albums Charts.
"The boy band spoof, had made such a hit with fans that other famous singers and artists began to take notice of the group, and in the fall of 2000, 2gether went on tour with Britney Spears and was her opening act. During this time the group was also filming the 2nd season of "2gether, The Series".
"Michael began to suffer from breathing problems and had to have an oxygen tank on the '2gether' set. His breathing problems increased and he was forced to miss tapings of the show and group appearances. On December 4th, 2000, he was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. He spent a month in the hospital, celebrating what turned out to be his last Christmas, New Years and birthday there with his family. On January 13th, 2001, his lungs collapsed and he died in Vancouver, with his family by his side, just 8 days after his 16th birthday.";
ABC News reported that Cuccione's death occurred approximately six weeks after he and his mother had survived a car accident:
"He entered British Columbia's Children's Hospital shortly after for an operation to repair his diaphragm and eventually contracted pneumonia.
"His uncle, Steve Cuccione, said the teen was expected to make a full recovery when he entered the hospital. But weeks later, he was still unable to breath without a respirator.
"His lungs were weak from the chemotherapy he endured to fight Hodgkin's disease as a child, Steve Cuccione said.";
His mother, Gloria Cuccioine, an Order of British Columbia recipient, is the executive director of the Michael Cuccione Foundation, P.O. Box 31081, 8-2929 St. Johns Street, Port Moody, BC V3H 4T4. The Foundation is a charitable organization that raises funds to support Childhood Cancer Research Program.
Cuccione, Michael; Jane Macsporran: There Are Survivors: The Michael Cuccione Story (Port Moody: Making a Difference Pub, 1998)
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Saudis Prepare for Possible Aramco IPO Delay to 2019
Saudi Arabia is preparing contingency plans for a possible delay to the initial public offering of its state-owned oil company by a few months into 2019, according to people familiar with the matter.
While the government is still aiming for a Saudi Aramco IPO in the second half of next year, that timetable is increasingly tight for what’s likely to be the biggest share sale in history, the people said, asking not to be named discussing internal deliberations.
Saudi Aramco said in statement the IPO "remains on track. The IPO process is well underway and Saudi Aramco remains focused on ensuring that all IPO related work is completed to the very highest standards on time.” It didn’t give a timeframe. The comment was echoed by a Saudi government source Wednesday. Officials have previously said the most likely schedule is the second half of next year.
Several important decisions on the IPO have yet to be taken, stretching the ability of the company and its advisers to sell shares before the end of next year.
For example, Saudi Arabia has yet to announce where it will sell shares in Aramco other than the domestic stock exchange in Riyadh. The country may not to make an announcement until late October, when it’s holding a big investment conference in Riyadh. The delay in selecting a foreign exchange, mostly likely London or New York, has had a knock-on effect on other preparatory work.
Aramco Valuation
Saudi Arabia is also contending with weaker oil prices, which will help determine the value of Saudi Arabian Oil Co., as Aramco is formally known. The government has previously said the valuation may reach $2 trillion, while analysts, including those at Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. and Rystad Energy AS, have tended to give lower estimates.
Riyadh built a coalition between OPEC and other oil producers last year to reduce supply and bolster prices that by then had already retreated for two consecutive years. The oil glut has yet to dissipate and analyst forecasts compiled by Bloomberg show prices won’t average $60 again until 2019. Brent crude on Thursday was trading down 0.2 percent at $55.03 a barrel as of 1:36 p.m. in Singapore.
Should Saudi Arabia achieve its valuation of $2 trillion, the 5 percent stake it plans to sell would raise about $100 billion. That would eclipse the $25 billion raised by Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. in 2014, the current record.
To read a story on Aramco’s likely valuation, click here.
Aramco Chief Executive Officer Amin Nasser said in January that the IPO was most likely to take place in the second half of 2018. Previously, Saudi officials said a flotation was planned for some point in 2018.
The share sale is the cornerstone of Vision 2030, a much wider plan conceived by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to reshape the Saudi economy and diminish its dependence on oil.
Saudi Aramco has hired JPMorgan Chase & Co., Morgan Stanley, HSBC Bank Plc, Moelis & Co. and Evercore Partners Inc. to advise on the IPO. Independent Wall Street consultant Michael Klein is advising the oil ministry.
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a personal commentary on an eclectic movie collection
Tag Archives: Coen Brothers
26. Blood Simple
By kaneseligsohn
Smiley Rating:
Blood Simple (Joel & Ethan Coen, 1984) marks the first major directorial effort from the Coen Brothers, and while it doesn’t boast the charismatic camera-work and the over-the-top characters found in a lot of their later work, it does employ a spectacular script the Coen’s are now typically known for. It is tidy and concise, while managing to be riveting and mysterious almost from top to bottom. It builds upon a concept that is straightforward and primal, with each scene resembling a masterful sequence – with a distinct beginning, middle, and end – that effectively works as a short film unto itself. In other words, each segment starts off rather slow as it settles in, builds to an ironic twist at the midpoint, and then aggressively moves to an impactful climax which is often another ironic twist. The majority of the scenes operate in this keen way, and the effect is mesmerizing, especially during the potent first half.
The second half starts off a little muddled, but once the rhythms take hold, that mesmerizing grip arises again, and the film is able to build to a thrilling finale that is unexpected and memorable. Mirroring the rhythms of the script are the sharp waves of violence, which are used sparingly, but when used, they are powerful. This restrained approach echoes through all of the technical elements, complimenting the material quite nicely. This, of course, includes the photography, which is a whole lot less eccentric compared to a lot of other film noirs. This is a surprising revelation considering who’s at the helm, but it is a good surprise, because while Blood Simple is dark and shadowy like many other film noirs, it remains grounded in a way that adds to the suspense. That isn’t to say that there aren’t any memorable images, quite the contrary. In fact, because the film is so economical in its approach, almost all of the images captured are vivid and serve both the context and the subtext.
One other tangible difference between the debut effort from the Coen Brothers and their later work are the performances. Here, they tend not to be as outlandish or bold. Sure, there’s some quirk here and there, and the characters are well drawn, but the tics and tacks are minimal compared to the audacious characterizations found in their later projects. Again, this minimalist, restrained approach tends to benefit the material, and the resulting performances are full of intensity and strength.
In general, I would say that Blood Simple is a riveting thriller with themes that are as murky as the shadows in which these deadly characters lurk. On the surface, the film works exceptionally well and is gripping throughout. Digging underneath the surface, we’ll find the familiar-Coen-Brother-philosophical-touch that offers the audience something to chew over and to interpret long after the blood has dried.
Leave a comment | tags: Blood Simple, Coen Brothers, entertainment, Ethan Coen, Joel Coen, movie review, screenplay, script, thriller | posted in Movie Review
18. Barton Fink
Movies, like dreams, are the life of the mind, and Barton Fink (Joel & Ethan Coen, 1991) is one of the most mysterious, paradoxical minds of all. The story— a bizarre mix of classical filmmaking and abstract surrealism— is about a critically acclaimed playwright turned screenwriter who is battling expectations and writer’s block while the pressure from a major Hollywood studio mounts, as does the temperature outside. “We’re all expecting great things from you,” the executive cryptically says. But just like good screenwriting, Barton Fink is more about what it doesn’t show, than what it shows. It’s what’s on the other side of the peeling wallpaper. It’s what’s outside the frame. It’s what’s inside the box. It’s what’s inside the head. Hell, it’s what dreams are made of! This dream just happens to be more of a strange nightmare, the lingering unsettling kind that you can’t quite shake after you wake up.
Dreaming aside, Barton Fink is an exquisitely made movie that boasts an all-star cast, all providing superlative performances. The most noteworthy of which is Michael Lerner’s, whose portrayal of an alpha, silver-tongued movie executive is both outrageously hilarious and frightening at the same time. The cinematography offered by Roger Deakins is crisp with a golden glow (speaking to the “Golden Age of Cinema”), and contains all of the playful camera movement typically found in a Coen Brother’s picture. The art direction is apt, especially in terms of the creepy, dust-layered, seemingly secluded Hotel Earle that acts as another character unto itself. And in addition to all of these well-executed elements, is a baffling screenplay that makes you think you know what’s going to come next, but then suddenly goes in a completely different direction. It is ripe with visual rhymes and echoing motifs, consisting of an uncountable number of references to boxes and heads, including the Eraserhead-like hairstyle of Barton, the mysterious picture frame that constantly prods us to look deeper, as well as the ominous package left behind by John Goodman’s character. By end, all of this poetry and perplexing depth almost makes you want to pull off your own head (pun intended).
But there is yet another thing this movie does— and perhaps this deals more with its commentary on Hollywood— and that is it creates a paradoxical tension between the creator and the subject. Between Hollywood and the Audience. This duality is exemplified in the relationship between John Turturro’s Barton Fink and John Goodman’s Charlie Meadows. On one hand, Barton’s passionate appeal to making more stories about the “common-man” comes off as arrogant, judgmental, and condescending. Though his intentions may be well placed, they are misguided. “You think you know pain, but you’re just a tourist with a typewriter.” This seems to suggest that the insular Hollywood is clueless, and is thusly misreading and misrepresenting its audience completely. Or as Charlie clarifies: “You don’t listen!” With this, the Coen’s are either saying that the audience is stupid, and that they desire only formulistic, easy to understand movies; or that Hollywood doesn’t give the audience enough credit for being smarter, and therefore should provide more thought-provoking material. Whether that’s what the “common-man” actually wants or not, I can’t say.
And as I write this, I realize Barton Fink, the movie, would be laughing at me right now. Laughing at me for writing this. Laughing at me for reading so much into it, and trying so desperately to interpret the various meanings. I admit this; I say this, because the movie explicitly tells me so. It’s written in text, in the Bible, so it’s clearly important. I even paused the movie to be able to write this text down:
“And the king, Nebuchandnezzar, answered and said to the Chaldeans, I recall not my dream; if ye will not make known unto me my dream, and its interpretation, ye shall be cut in pieces, and of your tents shall be made a dunghill.”
My initial reaction to this strange text is that it is absurd and ironically reflects the absurdity of an eager viewer like me trying to desperately interpret this movie. It’s like trying to recall and interpret someone else’s dream for them, simply by dissecting the way they are eating their salad at lunch. It’s absurd. But this text also self-reflexively comments on writing in general, and in particular, writer’s block. That is, writing isn’t the physical act of typing words into a typewriter, or even seeing words on a page. Writing happens before that. It happens in the mind. It is the intangible challenge of recalling an unknown distant dream, making known that dream unto yourself, and then interpreting it in a way that appeals to all, even the “common-man.” To be unable to recall this dream, however close to the tip of the tongue it may be, is to be stuck as a writer. It’s to be me at the end of this movie.
Leave a comment | tags: Academy award, Barton Fink, Coen Brothers, entertainment, Ethan Coen, Hollywood, Joel Coen, John Goodman, John Turturro, movie review, oscars, satire, screenwriting | posted in Movie Review
27. Boogie Nights
25. The Birds
24. The Big Lebowski
23. Big Fish
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Home General News André Le Nôtre
André Le Nôtre
Gerald Ferreira
If you have ever wondered who designed the gardens of the “Palace of Versailles” you will find it interesting to learn more about André Le Nôtre. He was the person responsible for the design and construction of the Gardens and the park at the Palace of Versailles.
The Palace of Versailles or simply Versailles, is a royal château in Versailles in the le-de-France region of France. In French it is the Château de Versailles.
When the château was built, Versailles was a country village; today, however, it is a wealthy suburb of Paris, some 20 kilometers southwest of the French capital. The court of Versailles was the center of political power in France from 1682, when Louis XIV moved from Paris, until the royal family was forced to return to the capital in October 1789 after the beginning of the French Revolution. Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building, but as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancient Régime.
As you can see from the above the “Palace of Versailles” have played an important role in the early years of France, and today it is next to the Eiffel Tower one of the most popular tourism destinations in France, and therefore interesting to know that André Le Nôtre was the designer of the gardens at Versailles.
Prior to working on Versailles, André Le Nôtre collaborated with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun on the park at Vaux-le-Vicomte. His other works include the design of gardens and parks at Chantilly, Fontainebleau, Saint-Cloud, and Saint-Germain. André Le Nôtre contribution to planning was also significant: at the Tuileries he extended the westward vista, which later became the avenue of the Champs-Élysées and comprise the Axe historique.
In 1662 he provided designs for Greenwich Park in London, for Charles II of England. In 1670 Le Nôtre conceived a project for the Castle of Racconigi in Italy, and between 1674 and 1698 he remodeled the gardens of Venaria Reale, near Turin. In 1679, he visited Italy. His later advice was provided for Charlottenburg Palace and château de Cassel in Germany, and with plans for Windsor Castle.
In the André Le Nôtre Google Doodle you can see what resembles his work, if you look carefully you will see the word Google written in the André Le Nôtre Google Doodle.
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Welcome to the 3D Car Shows website. I am Gerald Ferreira and the Founder of the 3D Car Shows site. On the site you will find a wealth of News, Information, Reviews, Articles, Photographs, Images and Videos about the Car, Motor and Automotive Industry. I hope you enjoy the site and feel free to comment or contact us with any information relating to the Automotive Industry!
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New ‘Virtual’ Format
The European 5G Conference 2021
Taking place virtually, the 2021 edition of The European 5G Conference will be held on 23-25 February. Now in its 5th year, the European 5G Conference has an established reputation as Brussels’ leading meeting place for discussion on 5G policy.
With the European Commission currently consulting on a review of The 5G Action Plan, this year’s conference will focus on this and more. It will look at the role that 5G can play in digital recovery, and more broadly on the way forward to ensure that Europe’s 5G goals and objectives are fully achieved.
REGISTER YOUR PLACE
The 5G Action Plan Review – a review of Europe’s key 5G policies
5G and the Recovery and Resilience Fund (RRF) – maximising the opportunities
The impact of Open-RAN and other emerging trends on the European 5G ecosystem
Ensuring the Security and Resilience of 5G Networks in Europe – NIS Directive, Toolbox on 5G Security and more
Building a Safer, More Sustainable World with 5G
The Connectivity Toolbox – reducing the cost of 5G deployment
Developing a new Radio Spectrum Policy Programme (RSPP) for the 5G era
Allocation and licencing of 5G spectrum – progress and challenges
Where next? Looking towards B5G and 6G
www.forum-europe.com
Forum Europe events are where people and policy meet. We have been organising policy conferences in Brussels and around Europe since 1989. Our events provide unique insights from the people behind the policy and those seeking to influence it. Our expert team develop conference programmes with impact and provide first-class event logistics.Forum Europe is more than an event management and conference production specialist. With offices in Brussels and the UK, we operate across Europe and globally. Through our international arm, Forum Global, our events cover five continents, and engage policymakers and industry at national and regional levels around the world. Our mission is to drill down to the issues that matter, creating policy events that are ahead of the curve, facilitating frank and open debate on some of the most pressing issues facing Europe and the world today.
Analysys Mason
www.analysysmason.com
Analysys Mason is a global specialist in telecoms, media and technology (TMT). Since its formation, Analysys Mason has been instrumental in shaping spectrum policy around the world through our wide-ranging studies helping regulators and operators to develop spectrum strategy, efficiently manage spectrum, formulate spectrum licence conditions, value spectrum and prepare for spectrum awards.With offices in Asia-Pacific, Europe, Americas, the Middle East and Africa we are respected worldwide for our exceptional quality of work, independence and flexibility in responding to client needs. For over 25 years we have been helping clients in more than 100 countries to maximise their opportunities.
Coleago Consulting
www.coleago.com
Founded in 2001, Coleago is a specialist telecoms management consulting firm. Our expertise has been developed exclusively within the telecoms sector and delivers a rare combination of telecoms-related commercial and technical skills and experience. Since 2001 we have worked on over 110 spectrum related projects in developed and emerging markets. Since 2017 our spectrum projects included the transition to 5G, including valuating spectrum most relevant for 5G such as 600MHz, 700MHz, 3.5GHz, and mm wave. We advise regulators on spectrum policy, spectrum roadmap, spectrum pricing, spectrum auctions and capacity building on the topic best practice in spectrum auctions. For mobile operators Coleago delivers regulatory advocacy and responses to consultation, spectrum valuation, bid strategy development and live auction support. Coleago also authored complete bid books for spectrum licence awards by means of a beauty contest.
www.ericsson.com
Ericsson is the driving force behind the Networked Society - a world leader in communications technology and services. Our long-term relationships with every major telecom operator in the world allow people, business and society to fulfill their potential and create a more sustainable future.Our services, software and infrastructure - especially in mobility, broadband and the cloud - are enabling the telecom industry and other sectors to do better business, increase efficiency, improve the user experience and capture new opportunities.With approximately 115,000 professionals and customers in 180 countries, we combine global scale with technology and services leadership. We support networks that connect more than 2.5 billion subscribers. Forty percent of the world's mobile traffic is carried over Ericsson networks. And our investments in research and development ensure that our solutions - and our customers - stay in front.Founded in 1876, Ericsson has its headquarters in Stockholm, Sweden. Net sales in 2015 were SEK 246.9 billion (USD 29.4 billion). Ericsson is listed on NASDAQ OMX stock exchange in Stockholm and the NASDAQ in New York.
ESOA
www.esoa.net
ESOA is a non-profit organisation established with the objective of serving and promoting the common interests of satellite operators from Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the CIS. The Association today represents the interests of 21 satellite operators who deliver information communication services across the globe. Together ESOA Members provide invaluable communications services to the whole world including emergency communications, live broadcasting, maritime and aero communications, secure services for governments, 24-7 monitoring of industrial processes such as energy plants and a whole range of other communications capabilities that society has come to rely on.
www.etno.eu
ETNO represents Europe’s telecommunications network operators and is the principal policy group for European e-communications network operators. ETNO’s primary purpose is to promote a positive policy environment allowing the EU telecommunications sector to deliver best quality services to consumers and businesses
Founded in 2004, Facebook's mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected. People use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover what's going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them.
www.lya.com
LYA is an expert consultant to the telecommunications and broadcasting industry focused on strategic advice, research and spectrum matters including auctions.LYA’s focus is on providing value-added services in development and implementation of strategy and business plans, investment analysis, support of acquisitions and divestitures, due diligence reviews and financial modelling. We provide regulatory and policy analysis, including expert evidence, and auction consulting services. LYA’s clients include mobile carriers, investors and regulators.LYA has independently developed Auction Platforms supporting different formats (SMRA, CCA, and clock auctions). LYA’s Auction Platforms have been used extensively to conduct mock auctions and simulations leveraging robot bidder capabilities. The Platforms are secure and configurable for use by auctioneers. The LYA team brings experience and expertise across different auction formats, spectrum bands and applications around the world.LYA also offers its clients the ability to conduct private auctions of spectrum licenses or other assets and handles all key tasks supporting the sale. Please visit www.LYA.com for more details
Qualcomm’s technologies powered the smartphone revolution and connected billions of people. While many of our inventions and breakthroughs reside “under the hood” of consumer electronics, they have transformed the world in a big way. They have helped propel mobile to the forefront of the technology world and to the top of consumers’ wish lists. They have created new opportunities for mobile ecosystem players — the wireless device makers, the operators, the developers and the content creators of the world. And more recently, our inventions and breakthroughs have inspired fresh, new ideas from those companies — large and small — new to the wireless space.We are engineers, scientists and business strategists. Together, we focus on a single goal — invent mobile technology breakthroughs. We pioneered 3G and 4G — and now, we are leading the way to 5G and a new era of intelligent, connected devices. Our products are revolutionizing industries including automotive, computing, IoT and healthcare, and are allowing millions of devices to connect with each other in ways never before imagined.
Knowledge Partner
Aetha
www.aethaconsulting.com
Aetha Consulting provides strategic advice to the telecommunications industry and specialises in undertaking rigorous data-driven quantitative assessments to help businesses, regulators and policy makers make major strategic and regulatory decisions. We work with our clients to develop creative and sustainable solutions to the challenges facing them in a constantly changing environment.Aetha helps operators and regulators to analyse the opportunities and threats arising out of changes (whether real or proposed) in their radio spectrum holdings. Throughout the recent unprecedented growth of wireless services, Aetha's staff have been at the forefront of spectrum policy. Our consultants have assisted regulators to award spectrum and develop regulatory frameworks, including supporting the European Commission to tackle issues such as spectrum trading and the digital dividend.We also support operators to understand their spectrum needs, value spectrum and bid in auctions. Each year we support 10-15 bidders in spectrum auctions - a total of over 80 award processes between mid-2011 and 2017 across all regions of the world. Our technical knowledge, combined with our rigorous valuation modelling approach, ensures that our clients are comprehensively prepared for auctions.
www.nera.com
NERA Economic Consulting is a global firm of experts dedicated to applying economic, finance, and quantitative principles to complex business and legal challenges. For half a century, NERA’s economists have been creating strategies, studies, reports, expert testimony, and policy recommendations for government authorities and the world’s leading law firms and corporations. We bring academic rigor, objectivity, and real world industry experience to bear on issues arising from competition, regulation, public policy, strategy, finance, and litigation.NERA’s clients value our ability to apply and communicate state-of-the-art approaches clearly and convincingly, our commitment to deliver unbiased findings, and our reputation for quality and independence. Our clients rely on the integrity and skills of our unparalleled team of economists and other experts backed by the resources and reliability of one of the world’s largest economic consultancies. With its main office in New York City, NERA serves clients from more than 25 offices across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.
Pearse O’Donohue, Director for Future Networks, DG Connect, European Commission
Pearse O’Donohue is Director for the Future Networks Directorate of DG CONNECT at the European Commission, dealing with policy development and research supporting the Digital Single Market as regards 5G networks, IoT, cloud and data flows and conceptualising new and innovative approaches towards service platforms and Next Generation Internet. Before becoming Director, Pearse was Head of the Cloud and Software Unit in DG CONNECT, dealing with the strategic development and implementation of policy on cloud computing and software.
Until October 2014, Pearse was Deputy Head of Cabinet of Vice-President Neelie Kroes, previous European Commissioner for the Digital Agenda. He was responsible for advising the Vice-President on the development and implementation of policy on electronic communications, networks and services, as well as broadband, spectrum and other related policies such as Internet governance.
Before that, Pearse was Head of the Radio Spectrum Policy Unit in the European Commission, DG CONNECT.
Prior to joining the European Commission, Pearse held posts in the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Representation of Ireland to the EU in Brussels, and as Assistant Director of the Brussels office of the Irish Business & Employers’ Confederation.
Pearse O’Donohue
Director for Future Networks, DG Connect
Michel Van Bellinghen, Chairman, BIPT Council; & Chairman, BEREC
Michel Van Bellinghen, Master of Laws (UCL), started off at the university in 1990 as a researcher, then became an assistant under the supervision of Professor Françoise Tulkens, at the UCL Laws Centre for Criminal Law.
He became an assistant advisor at the Ministry of Justice in 1992 under the supervision of Professor Marc Bossuyt and joined the BIPT in 1997. From 1999 to 2003 he held the position of expert at the private office of Rik Daems, who was the Federal Telecommunications Minister at the time, and afterwards took up the function of Assistant Head of the Private Office. From 2003 until 2009 he was nominated Member of the BIPT Council for the first time. Following this mandate he remained closely affiliated to the Council and supervised the legal department of the regulator during a number of years. He has written scientific publications.
In 2013 he held a position on the Council as a Member. In January 2017 he was assigned Chairman of the BIPT Council. Michel Van Bellinghen has been elected to serve as Chair of BEREC in 2021.
Michel Van Bellinghen
Chairman, BIPT Council; & Chairman BEREC
Jonas Wessel, Chair, Sub-Group on New Radio Spectrum Policy Programme (RSPP), RSPG
Jonas Wessel is Director of the Spectrum Department at the Swedish Post and Telecom Agency (PTS). He is also Chair of the Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG) for the 2018-2019 period. The RSPG is a high-level advisory group that assists the European Commission in the development of radio spectrum policy. Jonas holds a MSC from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Industrial Engineering and Management. Jonas started his professional career as a strategy consultant, working mainly with business development in the telecoms and IT-sector.
In 2003, he joined the PTS as advisor on radio spectrum policy issues. After several positions within the Agency, including responsibility for auctions, he was assigned Director of the Spectrum Department in 2014. Jonas has been one of the driving forces behind the transformation of spectrum management in Sweden and has also been working with these issues internationally, mainly through the RSPG where he has been a delegate since 2004. He was Vice Chairman of the RSPG for the 2016-2017 period.
Jonas Wessel
Chair, Sub-Group on New Radio Spectrum Policy Programme (RSPP), RSPG
Meta Pavšek Taškov Head of Mobile Communication Agency for Communication Networks & Services of the Republic of Slovenia
Meta Pavšek Taškov received her BSEE and MSEE from University of Ljubljana, Slovenia in 1990 and 1993 respectively. First employment was 1989 in mixed research and development laboratory located at Jožef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana as member of industry and employee of Iskra Hipot, Šentjernej. Since 1995 she was employed at AKOS (Agency for communication networks and services of the Republic of Slovenia)
which was at the time named as URST (Slovene Telecommunications Administration) in the RF Spectrum management department. 2012 and 2013 she was leading LTE project and was a Deputy of Tender Commission’s chairperson for 2014 Auction of frequency bands 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz. She attended the World Radio Conference WRC- 15 in November 2015 as a Deputy Head of Delegation. Since 2016 she is head of Mobile department in AKOS leading preparation for 700 MHz multiband Auction and 5G initiative project.
Meta Pavšek Taškov
Head of Mobile Communication
Agency for Communication Networks & Services of the Republic of Slovenia
Peter Stuckmann, Head of Unit – Future Connectivity Systems, European Commission
Peter is managing the Commission’s policy on 5G communication systems and the related research and innovation programme.
Before his appointment as Head of Unit he was managing the office of the Director General of DG CONNECT, Roberto Viola, coordinating the Commission’s digital policy initiatives. The portfolio included Digital Single Market, Broadband Policy, Telecoms, Media and Online Policy, the Copyright Reform as well as the EU ICT Research and Innovation Programme.
Between 2010 and 2014 he had different roles in the Commission’s telecoms policy Directorate. These included Head of Sector “Spectrum Policy”, penholder of main elements of the Commission proposal on the Telecom Single Market and the Roaming regulation, and the implementation of the EU telecom rules in Germany and Austria.
Between 2005 and 2010 he coordinated the EU R&D programme leading to the 4G mobile communications standards.
Before joining the European Commission in 2004 he has occupied several engineering and management positions in industry, academia and start-ups. He holds engineering and doctoral degrees from RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
Peter Stuckmann
Head of Unit – Future Connectivity Systems
Branimir Stantchev, Head of Sector, Spectrum for Wireless Broadband, European Commission
Branimir Stantchev
Head of Sector, Spectrum for Wireless Broadband
Matti Latva-aho, Director – 6G Flagship, University of Oulu
Matti Latva-aho
Director – 6G Flagship
Harald Gruber, Head of Digital Infrastructure Division, European Investment Bank
Harald Gruber
Head of Digital Infrastructure Division, European Investment Bank
Wassim Chourbaji, Senior Vice President, Government Affairs & Public Policy EMEA, Qualcomm
Wassim Chourbaji
Senior Vice President, Government Affairs & Public Policy EMEA
Guillaume Lebrun, Global Connectivity Policy, Facebook
Guillaume Lebrun
Global Connectivity Policy
More speakers to be announced soon.
All times listed are in local Brussels time (CET). Please note speakers marked with an asterisk (*) are to be confirmed.
Session 1: The 5G Action Plan Review – revisiting Europe’s key 5G policies
Adopted in 2016, the existing 5G Action Plan set a number of key targets for 5G deployment across member states and provided a roadmap for how to achieve these. 4 years on, the investment environment has changed massively with the COVID-19 pandemic and public funds launched to enable Europe’s recovery. Against this background, the Commission is consulting on a ‘5G Action Plan Review’, with the aim of setting out new goals towards full 5G deployment as part of the planned Digital Decade Strategy. This session will discuss the current state of play regarding rollout and deployment in Europe, and the key issues that this review of the 5G Action Plan will address. Moving forward, it will look to identify the areas on which future European 5G policy should focus, and at the path forward to ensure that Europe’s 5G goals and objectives are fully achieved.
Where do we sit with regards to current rollout of 5G networks across Europe, and to what extent can the 5G Action Plan be said to have met its goals of ‘…making 5G a reality for all citizens and businesses by the end of 2020’?
What will the 5G investment agenda look like in a COVID 19 recovery world?
Where is Europe compared to other regions when it comes to the deployment of small cells and other network infrastructure? What barriers to deployment are being seen and what can be done to speed things up?
What are the key areas that need to be revisited as the Commission looks to update the 5G Action Plan? What are the new targets and what are the deadlines considered to hit these?
How will 5G ecosystems for verticals shape the 5G investment and regulatory agenda?
How has the 5G investment agenda across key areas been impacted by the Covid-19 crisis, and how can this be taken into account as work on the new 5GAP begins?
How the cyber toolbox be integrated into an amended version of the wider 5G Action Plan, and what support may be available to help meet the costs of implementing this?
What should be the key focus of Europe’s 5G Policy moving forward, and how can all stakeholders come together to ensure that the full potential of this key technology is fully met?
How can 5G networks contribute to the green deal and how can citizens’ concerns on potential health and environmental issues be addressed?
Session 2: 5G and the Recovery and Resilience Fund (RRF) – a once in a lifetime opportunity
The European Commission Recovery and Resilience and Recovery Fund (RRF) is an unprecedented €750BN pan-EU support package aimed at kick-starting the economy and laying the foundations for a recovery led by private investment in key sectors and technologies. Investments in 5G have been made a priority as part of this, with funding available both for projects that assist with the delivery of connectivity to ‘challenge’ areas (e.g. rural communities, indoor locations and on rail and road routes); and those which accelerate 5G deployment and the path to ‘advanced 5G’. With the available funding strictly linked to the capability of member states to identify innovative and forward- looking projects, this session will look at how this can be best achieved and the areas that can benefit most from the funding that is available. It will look at the role that the RRF can play in stimulating broader public and private investment in 5G moving forward, and at the potential that this once in a lifetime opportunity offers to unleash the power of 5G.
How should member states look to integrate 5G into their recovery and resilience plans, and develop innovative and forward looking projects that maximise the benefit of the funding that is available as part of the RRF?
What types of projects are likely to benefit from the funding that is available?
As we start on the path towards recovery, how can public funding ensure that 5G is not only a step forward for technology, but also a step forward for affordability and accessibility of service?
To what extent can the RRF help to overcome current market failure in delivering connectivity How can connectivity to rural communities and other ‘challenge’ areas, and ultimately stimulate private investment in these areas?
What funding is available to move innovative smaller projects and ‘5G communities’ onto the next level and move mainstream?
How can the Commission help to simulate investment in modern 5G ecosystems and encourage operators to make the step-change to more advanced networks?
How can stakeholders all over Europe take advantage of the growth opportunity offered by the RRF to truly harness the power of 5G to deliver a long-term positive impact for businesses and societies everywhere?
Showcase Sessions 1
Session 3: Staying sovereign – delivering a diverse, sustainable and European-led ecosystem for 5G and beyond
All around the world, countries and regions are battling for digital supremacy and to be seen as leading the way in the development of 5G and other key technologies. Whilst Europe is arguably currently well positioned in the international technological race, the potential to address the broader value chain is clear. Europe is home of two of the 3 big equipment suppliers, is blessed with world-class researchers and science labs, a thriving and innovative start-up community, and arguably the most highly skilled and developed vertical markets in the world. As we enter the era of 5G, and already start to look further ahead to B5G and even 6G, this session will look at how policymakers and industry can come together and form strategic alliances to harness some of these key competitive advantages. It will look at the best way forward to enable Europe to keep control of its digital destiny and set course for a more sustainable, inclusive, and world-leading digital future.
What emerging supply market trends are being seen in Europe and around the world?
What might the emergence of more open and interoperable interfaces in Radio Access Networks (Open-RAN) mean for the development of 5G in Europe? What advantages could it bring and what challenges exist?
What timeframe is likely to be seen for the emergence of Open-RAN solutions? Will this be an interface for 5G, or is it more likely to be tool to aid the emergence and development of 6G technologies?
As technologies and systems advance, what is the best way forward in order to deliver the robust ecosystem of trusted suppliers that is necessary to maintain a strong European position in delivering secure wireless technology?
How can European companies be helped to grow with independence and what work needs to be done to facilitate the development of a diverse and sustainable 5G ecosystem in the EU?
How can European stakeholders work together to keep control of Europe’s digital destiny and ensure that we are playing a major role in shaping both the technology agenda for 5G and also the technology capacities for 6G systems as the basis for future digital services towards 2030?
As the journey ‘beyond 5G’ already begins, what potential technology trends are likely to play a part in shaping 6G, and how can Europe ensure that it is in a position to take advantage of the benefits offered by these future technologies?
Session 4: Ensuring the Securing and Resilience of 5G Networks in Europe
As 5G rollout and digital transformation initiatives accelerate both in Europe and across the world, it is vital that a clear and co-ordinated strategy is in place to ensure that cyber security and privacy protection remain a top priority. In recent years, the European Union has been seen as leading the way in this area, implementing several initiatives in order to develop trust and cooperation across member states. With the review of the NIS Directive expected before the end of 2020, and with us now being one year on from the launch of the EU toolbox on 5G Cybersecurity, this session will look at the extent to which these these and other key policy instruments can come together to ensure the security and resilience of Europe’s 5G networks.
How are innovative policy and technology solutions being utilised to build a secure and transparent 5G ecosystem both in Europe and globally?
How is the threat landscape developing and to what extent is the ‘toolbox’ likely to be successful in meeting its goals of delivering robust and consistent security standards across the EU?
What new measures have been introduced as part of the review of the NIS directive, and to what extent will this help to protect Europe’s critical infrastructure?
With the entire digital ecosystem of interconnected products being only as secure as its weakest link, how is Europe working with other regions to ensure the security of the (sometimes complex) global 5G supply chain?
What role can emerging technologies such as AI and blockchain be harnessed to help secure the 5G supply chain?
How can policymakers and industry work together to help deliver consumer confidence in the security of 5G – a vital component for its widespread adoption?
Session 5: Building a Safer, More Sustainable World with 5G
As we begin to emerge from the Covid-19 crisis, all around the world, Governments are looking to put into place a recovery strategy built around 2 core principles – technology and sustainability. 5G and related technologies such as AI, IoT and SuperComputing are seen as being a key part of this and of building a safer more sustainable future for us all. At the same time however, there are also concerns about the environmental impact of 5G, and the amount of energy consumed by the additional infrastructure that is required to cope with the 5G era. This session will look at both sides of the coin. As 5G adoption around the world continues, it will look at the best way forward to manage growth in a sustainable way in order to minimise the initial environmental impact. And then moving forward, it will look at how the power of 5G can be harnessed to help us emerge from the pandemic stronger, and accelerate the EU’s trajectory towards a greener, safer future for us all.
How can the initial rollout of 5G be sustainably managed in areas such as e-waste and energy demand to allay concerns about the possible environmental impact of new networks?
Who should be responsible for managing and mitigating the environmental impact of 5G rollout?
How can issues relating to EMF exposure from 5G be best handled, both to ensure there is no risk to human health and also to tackle the misinformation that has been circulating relating to this?
What role can 5G and other technologies play in leading the recovery from Covid-19 and more broadly help businesses everywhere to hit sustainability goals by enabling them to transform their processes and behaviour?
How can digital technologies be harnessed in order to help governments, businesses, and philanthropic organizations accelerate their efforts to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
How realistic is the ambition for 5G to ultimately become the first fully carbon-neutral network, and how can this be achieved?
Session 6: The Connectivity Toolbox – Accelerating the path towards advanced 5G networks
As part of her State of the Union Address in September 2020, President von der Leyen set out the European Commission’s recommendations on a common European toolbox of best practices aimed at “…reducing the cost of deploying very high capacity networks and ensuring timely and investment-friendly access to 5G radio spectrum”. Member states are now required to deliver a national roadmap for the implementation of this toolbox by April 2021. With the situation across Europe currently very mixed and many member states behind the schedules set out for both 5G network deployment and spectrum allocation, this session will look at the extent to which this toolbox will help to address this, and at how stakeholders across Europe need to come together in order to keep the European Commission’s 5G Action Plan on track.
What specific areas are targeted within the Connectivity Toolbox, and how does the European Commission aim to work with member states in order to deliver develop and agree on best practices?
What specific actions have been set out to enhance co-ordination at border areas?
To what extent has the small cell act addressed 5G deployment issues across Europe, and what obstacles still remain? Is there a need to extend the scope of the act beyond specifically focussing on small cells?
How can an investment friendly environment for 5G be delivered, and what role can public-private partnerships play in delivering the necessary investment?
How can the toolbox complement other related EU policies such as the Broadband Cost Reduction Direction (BCDR), the Radio Spectrum Policy Programme and the Green Deal?
Taken collectively, to what extent do these policy measures now mean that Europe is on a path to achieve the goals of promoting investment and reduce cost of deployment, and to get the EU 5G Action Plan back on track?
Session 7: Where next? Towards a new Radio Spectrum Policy Programme for the 5G era
Launched in 2012, the original Radio Spectrum Policy Programme (RSPP) was instrumental in shaping EU communications policy and setting the direction for the development of 4G networks across the continent. As we now move into the 5G era, the European Commission has signalled its intention to this year establish a new RSPP, and to provide a future-looking roadmap to illustrate how spectrum can best support broader European policy prioirites up until 2030. The process of consultation on this has already begun, with the RSPG due to release an opinion on this by June 2021 (with an initial draft expected in Q1). This session will discuss the main pillars and focusses that are under consideration for inclusion as part of the programme, and at how recent policy, regulatory and technological developments can be integrated into this. As the journey continues to 5G and beyond, it will look at the connectivity challenges that still remain, and at how the RSPP can deliver a roadmap to support gigabit connectivity throughout Europe going forward.
How has the connectivity environment changed since the adoption of the original RSPP in 2012, and how can the updated version take into account recent policy, regulatory and technological developments?
How can the new RSPP best build on the achievements of the original version and also some of the forward-looking spectrum policy elements of the subsequent European Electronic Communications Code?
One of the key objectives of the RSPP is expected to be around the release of additional spectrum below 100GHz to promote innovative wireless services. How much spectrum should realistically be targeted to be made available and what timeframes should be set?
What can be done within the RSPP to promote a flexible spectrum ecosystem that integrates technologies (for example AI), promotes sharing and increases overall spectrum efficiency?
How can environmental and societal issues be integrated into the RSPP and how can it help to work towards broader EU policy targets in areas such as climate change, pandemic recovery and more?
How can the application and enforcement of the RSPP be handled, and how can EU intuitions and member states work together to ensure a co-ordinated approach?
With plans for B5G and even 6G expected to be well under way by 2030, how can it be ensured that RSPP delivers a forward-looking and ‘future-proof’ connectivity framework that goes beyond 5G to the gigabit technologies of the future?
Session 8: Powering the revolution – progress, challenges and opportunities in the allocation and licencing of 5G spectrum
5G actions have now been taking place across Europe for quite some time in the 700 MHz, 3.6 GHz, and 26 GHz bands. But Covid and a number of other factors have led to considerable delays across some countries, and the situation regarding the award and allocation of these bands is quite varied. In countries that awards have taken place, there is also a variety of different licencing models being seen, and particularly regarding the allocation of spectrum for private 5G networks. This session will look at where we are with regards to the rollout of spectrum that is needed for 5G in the short term. As the 5G spectrum environment starts to emerge, it will look at the different approaches, themes and trends that are being seen across member states, and at what ultimately is the best way forward to meet the connectivity requirements of the huge number of different use cases that are being seen.
Where are we with regards to the award and allocation of the 5G frequency bands (700 MHz, 3.6 GHz, and 26 GHz) across Europe?
What impact have factors such as the Covid pandemic had on the timetable for auctions and awards, and what now needs to be done to get the required spectrum to market as soon as possible?
What approaches to the award of bands has been seen across member states where auctions have taken place, and how have these differed to 3G and 4G awards?
What options are available to regulators when looking to develop licencing frameworks for 5G, and to what extent should commercial private 5G networks be considered to help meet the many varied use-cases of different vertical sectors?
What similarities and differences to approaches with regards to private licences have been seen across member states, and to what extent is there a need for co-ordination and harmonisation in approaches to deliver vertical connectivity?
Session 9: New bands / new connections – what new frequencies could offer connectivity for 5G and beyond?
As we have just seen, work across Europe is continuing on the award and allocation of spectrum in the pioneer bands. At the same time however, attention is already moving on to other options to provide the required connectivity for 5G and beyond. A range of different bands have been discussed as options to be considered for this (600MHz, 2.3GHz, 2.6GHz, 3.8 – 4.2GHz, 6GHz, 10GHz, 28GHz, 40GHz, 66GHz amongst them). As we look further ahead, technological advances could also mean that there will be options available to start exploring the use of bands in frequency ranges that have never been considered before, for example in the THz range). This session will look at the challenges and opportunities that are offered by some of these bands, and at which offer the most realistic options to provide the required large contiguous blocks of spectrum that are required for 5G. It will discuss the amount of additional spectrum that is truly required to meet current and future demands for connectivity and enable Europe, and at how this can be identified in a way that also takes into account the needs of other key users.
Beyond the pioneer bands and spectrum that has already been identified, how much additional spectrum and bandwidth for 5G is actually required?
What new options exist in the low, mid and high range frequencies to meet these requirements, and how can the spectrum needs of satellite, broadcast, WiFi and other key stakeholders also be taken care of?
How does the situation vary in a global level with regards to new spectrum bands that are being identified and used for 5G? How can Europe work with international partners to ensure a co-ordinated approach?
How can it be ensured that the connectivity needs of all emerging new use cases and scenarios are met? To what extent should regulators be looking to reserve any frequencies specific for use by vertical sectors?
As we move beyond 5G, to what extent do advances in technology mean that spectrum frequencies that have previously been thought of as being on the edge of the usable spectrum range (for example above 95GHz) now offer options to be considered?
An opportunity for audience members to bring their audio and video feed live and give their final thoughts and event conclusions.
Select date to see events.
Event Background
Since its launch in 2016, The European 5G Conference will now be taking place for the fifth time. The event has established a reputation as Brussels’ leading platform for discussions on 5G policy.
In light of the uncertainty around Covid-19, the event will not be held in person in 2021, and for the first time is going to be entirely virtual.
The series of virtual sessions will take place with the same commitment to balanced debate, analysis, and interactive solution-oriented discussions; with the online format opening these discussions to a wider audience than ever before.
We are looking forward to working alongside policymakers, regulators and industry stakeholders from mobile, satellite, broadcast, and more to ensure that their voices are included.
Taking place in Brussels in January of 2020, the fourth edition of the event welcomed over 250 key stakeholders and policy makers from over 30 different countries within the region and further afield, to discuss key topical issues related to the rollout of 5G.
View more details of the 2020 edition of this event here.
New Virtual Format
“Virtual events do not have to be passive experiences, limited to only watching presentations and panel discussions. They can be engaging and interactive, enabling face-to-face conversations and the possibility to connect with policymakers and stakeholders.”
As we transition The European 5G Conference to a new virtual format, our aim is to provide a platform that replicates the benefits normally enjoyed by attendees at the event when it is held in person and face-to-face.
The format of the event has been designed to not only enable participants to listen to the discussions and debates, but to also have the opportunity to network and engage with speakers, partners and other attendees.
Session will follow an interactive format, and include the following elements
An interactive panel discussion with expert speakers, and the opportunity to ask questions and make comments using a live chat function
A ‘have your say…’ audience engagement session, where all participants will have the opportunity to request to bring their audio and video feed ‘live’ and actively participate in the debate
A virtual networking lounge, with options to take part in one-to-one networking meetings, join private networking rooms and visit the virtual exhibition area
A ‘Showcase’ stage, where speakers and partners will be providing technology demos, hosting interactive Q&A sessions, and taking part in smaller ‘breakout’ sessions on key topics
If you are interested in being involved in this event we have various speaking, sponsorship and visibility opportunities available. Please contact James Curtin on 5Gconference@forum-europe.com to discuss these in more detail.
Corporate €395.00
Applies to: Corporate Organisations.Book today to guarantee your place(s) at The European 5G Conference 2020.
Reduced €295.00
Applies to: Not for Profit/ NGO, Regulator, National Authorities.Book today to guarantee your place(s) at The European 5G Conference 2020.
Academic €195.00
Applies to: Academic / Student.Book today to guarantee your place(s) at The European 5G Conference 2020.
Complimentary FREE
Applies to: EU Commission / Parliament / Council, EU Permanent Representatives, Press / Media
* Please note that fees do not include Belgian VAT @ 21%, and this amount will be added to the total price when you are invoiced.
Group discounts are available when registering multiple delegates on the same booking, as shown below.
Event Platform
This event will be taking place using Forum Europe’s virtual solution. For more details, please visit forum-europe.com.
For more information on any aspect of this event, please contact James Curtin using any of the details below.
James Curtin
Forum Europe
5Gconference@forum-europe.com
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Free Genealogy » Native American » Treaty of August 4, 1825
Treaty of August 4, 1825
1 Comment / Native American
For the purpose of perpetuating the friendship which has heretofore existed, as also to remove all future cause of discussion or dissension, as it respects trade and friendship between the United States and their citizens, and the Crow tribe of Indians, the President of the United States of America, by Brigadier-General Henry Atkinson, of the United States’ army, and Major Benjamin O’Fallon, Indian agent, with full powers and authority, specially appointed and commissioned for that purpose, of the one part, and the undersigned Chiefs, Head men and Warriors, of the said Crow tribe of Indians, on behalf of their tribe, of the other part, have made and entered into the following Articles and Conditions; which, when ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall be binding on both parties—to wit:
Article I. It is admitted by the Crow tribe of Indians, that they reside within the territorial limits of the United States, acknowledge their supremacy, and claim their protection.—The said tribe also admit the right of the United States to regulate all trade and intercourse with them.
Article II. The United States agree to receive the Crow tribe of Indians into their friendship, and under their protection, and to extend to them, from time to time, such benefits and acts of kindness as may be convenient, and seem just and proper to the President of the United States.
Article III.All trade and intercourse with the Crow tribe shall be transacted at such place or places as may be designated and pointed out by the President of the United States, through his agents; and none but American citizens, duly authorized by the United States, shall be admitted to trade or hold intercourse with said tribe of Indians.
Article IV. That the Crow tribe may be accommodated with such articles of merchandise, &c. as their necessities may demand, the United States agree to admit and license traders to hold intercourse with said tribe, under mild and equitable regulations: in consideration of which, the Crow tribe bind themselves to extend protection to the persons and the property of the traders, and the persons legally employed under them, whilst they remain within the limits of their district of country. And the said Crow tribe further agree, that if any foreigner or other person, not legally authorized by the United States, shall come into their district of country, for the purposes of trade or other views, they will apprehend such person or persons, and deliver him or them to some United States’ Superintendent or Agent of Indian Affairs, or to the commandant of the nearest military post, to be dealt with according to law. And they further agree to give safe conduct to all persons who may be legally authorized by the United States to pass through their country, and to protect in their persons and property all agents or other persons sent by the United States to reside temporarily among them; and that they will not, whilst on their distant excursions, molest or interrupt any American citizen or citizens, who may be passing from the United States to New Mexico, or returning from thence to the United States.
Article V. That the friendship which is now established between the United States and the Crow tribe, should not be interrupted by the misconduct of individuals, it is hereby agreed, that for injuries done by individuals, no private revenge or retaliation shall take place, but instead thereof, complaints shall be made, by the party injured, to the superintendent or agent of Indian affairs, or other person appointed by the President; and it shall be the duty of said Chiefs, upon complaint being made as aforesaid, to deliver up the person or persons against whom the complaint is made, to the end that he or they may be punished, agreeably to the laws of the United States. And, in like manner, if any robbery, violence, or murder, shall be committed on any Indian or Indians belonging to the said tribe, the person or persons so offending shall be tried, and, if found guilty, shall be punished in like manner as if the injury had been done to a white man. And it is agreed, that the Chiefs of said Crow tribe shall, to the utmost of their power, exert themselves to recover horses or other property, which may be stolen or taken from any citizen or citizens of the United States, by any individual or individuals of said tribe; and the property so recovered shall be forthwith delivered to the agents or other person authorized to receive it, that it may be restored to the proper owner. And the United States hereby guaranty to any Indian or Indians of said tribe, a full indemnification for any horses or other property which may be stolen from them by any of their citizens: Provided, That the property stolen cannot be recovered, and that sufficient proof is produced that it was actually stolen by a citizen of the United States. And the said tribe engage, on the requisition or demand of the President of the United States, or of the agents, to deliver up any white man resident among them.
Article VI. And the Chiefs and Warriors, as aforesaid, promise and engage that their tribe will never, by sale, exchange, or as presents, supply any nation, tribe, or band of Indians, not in amity with the United States, with guns, ammunition, or other implements of war.
Done at the Mandan Village, this fourth day of August, A. D. 1825, and of the independence of the United States the fiftieth.
In testimony whereof, the said commissioners, Henry Atkinson and Benjamin O’Fallon, and the chiefs and warriors of the said tribe, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals.
H. Atkinson, Brigadier-General U. S. Army
Benj. O’Fallon, U. S. Agent Indian Affairs
Chiefs:
E-she-huns-ka, or the long hair, his x mark
She-wo-cub-bish, one that sings bad, his x mark
Har-rar-shash, one that rains, his x mark
Chay-ta-pah-ha, wolf’s paunch, his x mark
Huch-che-rach, little black dog, his x mark
Mah-pitch, bare shoulder, his x mark
Esh-ca-ca-mah-hoo, the standing lance, his x mark
Che-rep-con-nes-ta-chea, the little white bull, his x mark
Ah-mah-shay-she-ra, the yellow big belly, his x mark
Co-tah-bah-sah, the one that runs, his x mark
Bah-cha-na-mach, the one that sits in the pine, his x mark
He-ran-dah-pah, the one that ties his hair before, his x mark
Bes-ca-bar-ru-sha, the dog that eats, his x mark
Nah-puch-kia, the little one that holds the stick in his mouth, his x mark
Bah-da-ah-chan-dah, the one that jumps over every person, his x mark
Mash-pah-hash, the one that is not right
In presence of:
A. L. Langham, Secretary to the Commission
H. Leavenworth, Colonel U. S. Army
S. W. Kearny, Brevet Major First Infantry
D. Ketchum, Major U. S. Army
R. B. Mason, Captain First Infantry
G. C. Spencer, Captain First Infantry
John Gantt, Captain Sixth Infantry
Thos. P. Gwynne, Lieutenant First Infantry
S. MacRee, Lieutenant and Aid-de-Camp
Thomas Noel, Lieutenant Sixth Infantry
William L. Harris, First Infantry
John Gale, Surgeon U. S. Army
J. V. Swearingen, Lieutenant First Infantry
R. Holmes, Lieutenant Sixth Infantry
M. W. Batman, Lieutenant Sixth Infantry
R. M. Coleman, U. S. Army
J. Rogers, Lieutenant Sixth Infantry
Wm. Day, Lieutenant First Infantry
G. H. Kennerly, U. S. Indian Agent
B. Riley, Captain Sixth Infantry
Wm. S. Harney, Lieutenant First Infantry
James W. Kingsbury, Lieutenant First Regiment Infantry
George C. Hutter, Lieutenant Sixth Infantry
Wm. Armstrong, Captain Sixth Regiment Infantry
Crow, Native American Treaties,
AccessGenealogy.com Indian Treaties Acts and Agreements . Web. © 2016.
1 thought on “Treaty of August 4, 1825”
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Weekly Digests Literature Database About Us Testimonials Events Contact Give to ACIR Subscribe to Newsletter
About Us Testimonials Events Contact Subscribe to Newsletter Give to ACIR
Weekly Digests Literature Database UCIR.org
IFNgamma-Dependent Tissue-Immune Homeostasis Is Co-opted in the Tumor Microenvironment
(1) Nirschl CJ (2) Suarez-Farinas M (3) Izar B (4) Prakadan S (5) Dannenfelser R (6) Tirosh I (7) Liu Y (8) Zhu Q (9) Devi KSP (10) Carroll SL (11) Chau D (12) Rezaee M (13) Kim TG (14) Huang R (15) Fuentes-Duculan J (16) Song-Zhao GX (17) Gulati N (18) Lowes MA (19) King SL (20) Quintana FJ (21) Lee YS (22) Krueger JG (23) Sarin KY (24) Yoon CH (25) Garraway L (26) Regev A (27) Shalek AK (28) Troyanskaya O (29) Anandasabapathy N
To tease apart the balance between tolerance and immunity, Nirschl et al. examined an IFNγ-inducible 227 gene signature enriched in tissue-resident and migratory DCs that positively correlates with metastatic melanoma survival. One of the key induced transcripts (SOCS2) suppresses adaptive immune response, preserving tissue homeostasis, but potentially allowing tumor growth.
Homeostatic programs balance immune protection and self-tolerance. Such mechanisms likely impact autoimmunity and tumor formation, respectively. How homeostasis is maintained and impacts tumor surveillance is unknown. Here, we find that different immune mononuclear phagocytes share a conserved steady-state program during differentiation and entry into healthy tissue. IFNgamma is necessary and sufficient to induce this program, revealing a key instructive role. Remarkably, homeostatic and IFNgamma-dependent programs enrich across primary human tumors, including melanoma, and stratify survival. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) reveals enrichment of homeostatic modules in monocytes and DCs from human metastatic melanoma. Suppressor-of-cytokine-2 (SOCS2) protein, a conserved program transcript, is expressed by mononuclear phagocytes infiltrating primary melanoma and is induced by IFNgamma. SOCS2 limits adaptive anti-tumoral immunity and DC-based priming of T cells in vivo, indicating a critical regulatory role. These findings link immune homeostasis to key determinants of anti-tumoral immunity and escape, revealing co-opting of tissue-specific immune development in the tumor microenvironment.
Author Info: (1) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (2) Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10
Author Info: (1) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (2) Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029 USA; Population Health Science and Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029, USA. (3) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. (4) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MIT, Harvard, and MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. (5) Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. (6) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. (7) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (8) Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. (9) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (10) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MIT, Harvard, and MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. (11) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (12) Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. (13) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (14) Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, NY 10029 USA. (15) Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University. New York, NY 10065, USA. (16) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (17) Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University. New York, NY 10065, USA. (18) Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University. New York, NY 10065, USA. (19) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (20) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02458, USA. (21) Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. (22) Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University. New York, NY 10065, USA. (23) Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. (24) Department of Surgical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Surgical Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (25) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. (26) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Biology and Koch Institute, MIT, Boston, MA 02142, USA. (27) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Chemistry, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MIT, Harvard, and MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Health Science & Technology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. (28) Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, NY 10010, USA. (29) Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Immunology and Melanoma, Harvard Cancer Center, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: nanandasabapathy@partners.org.
Citation: Cell 2017 Jun 29 170:127-141.e15 Epub
Link to PUBMED: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28666115
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lady or the tiger
A tale of two movies
March 19, 2008 MattLeave a comment
I like films that are cinematic, that show me images I wouldn’t see otherwise. I like directors who are audacious about their use of the camera and of editing. I like my movies not to look like TV fare. (I don’t like my TV fare to look like TV fare, for that matter.)
In spite of this, I very much like John Sayles’ movies. None of the ones I’ve seen so far are visually spectacular, although they’re definitely not drab. It’s more that Sayles clearly isn’t interested in David Lean-type filmmaking. As a matter of fact, his films don’t look like he’s trying to impress their audience. They seem, at first, unassuming little movies.
But, once you get into them, they pack a surprising punch. Much of this is down to the fact that they’re immensely political films, something not seen very often in American filmmaking. Certainly politics is often used as a backdrop for movies – how many thrillers or action movies get a kick out of putting the president in jeopardy? – but they’re not interested in politics, not really.
John Sayles’ films are, but they’re not of the finger-wagging, lecturing type. Clearly they’re mostly left-leaning in their politics – almost all of them are concerned with small communities being fundamentally changed by big business – but more than that, they don’t tell you what to think. They provide you with Sayles’ interpretation of facts, but you’re still the one who has to make up his or her mind.
Limbo, which we watched on Sunday, is a strange film. It starts very much like Sunshine State or Lone Star, depicting a small community undergoing changes, focusing on a small ensemble of characters… but about halfway into the movie, it turns into something else. There is a thriller element, just as there was to Lone Star, but what the second half of Limbo reminded me of more than anything else was Into the Wild (also see Roger Ebert’s comment on the movie). Sayles, whose focus on ensemble casts usually is almost as strong as Altman’s was, zooms in on the fate of three individuals in an exceptional situation. Yes, it ties in with earlier lines in the film about how Alaska is about to be turned into a themepark and how people want the illusion of danger – they want to feel at risk without actually being at risk -, turning these lines on their head, but in effect it feels like Sayles started making one film and decided half-way through that he’d rather make a very different film.
The net effect is strange but compelling. Ten minutes into the film, I thought I knew what to expect; one hour into the film I no longer knew where Sayles would take me, which was exciting and quite frightening. Anything, literally anything, could happen to these characters.
And then came the ending. Absolutely fitting. And it felt like a punch in the stomach. Not because it was horrible or tragic or nasty. Because it was consistent to what had been set up. But, again, not the kind of thing you do if you want to impress or please your audience. I read that there’d been catcalls when the film was shown at festivals, and I understand why. But, the more I think about it, the more I feel that the “lady-or-the-tiger” ending was the only proper way to end the film.
But if I ever meet John Sayles, I’ll kick him in the shin.
P.S.: John Sayles is one of the consistently best writers for women, especially for middle-aged women, in American filmmaking. He should write for the stage…
Moviesdavid lean, into the wild, john sayles, lady or the tiger, limbo, lone star, political filmmaking, robert altman, roger ebert, sunshine state
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My L.A. to Z: Stephen Moyer
Interviewed by Julia St. Pierre
The British actor who plays southern vampire Bill Compton on HBO’s True Blood admits his L.A. loves are mostly food-based or down on the coast. Catch him on the big screen in The Double.
My L.A. to Z: Meat Loaf
Born Marvin Lee Aday, the Malibu-based singer has been rocking for 46 years and isn’t slowing down. When he isn’t on the road, you can catch Meat Loaf eating chicken picatta, shopping at Whole Foods, or enjoying a walk with his wife and dogs.
My L.A. to Z: Alison Sweeney
Interviewed by Fatima Rizwan
When Alison Sweeney isn’t hosting The Biggest Loser, starring in Days of Our Lives, or spending time with her children, she’s getting a “badass” workout. The spokesperson for Yoplait Light lists her favorite places to do all of the above.
My L.A. to Z: Thomas Jane
The actor, who nabbed a Golden Globe nom for his turn as school teacher-turned male prostitute Ray Drecker on Hung, tells us where he goes on a date, shops for brain food, and where to find the best ceviche in town.
My L.A. to Z: Curtis Stone
By Marielle Wakim
The hot tamale host of Bravo's "Top Chef Masters" dishes on where he gets artisan cheeses, great antiques, and a trim for those Aussie locks.
Mary Sue Milliken's Los Angeles
Mary Sue Milliken
Celebrity chef Mary Sue Milliken, co-owner/chef of Border Grill, offers her favorite cultural hot spots.
Susan Feniger's Los Angeles
Want to eat like a chef? Celebrity chef Susan Feniger shares her favorite spots in L.A., including her go-to sandwich shop.
Los Angeles Day Trips: The Best of L.A. in One Day
Hundreds of guidebooks and websites tell Los Angeles travelers the best places to visit, but for someone with just one or 2 days in LA looking for an only-in-L.A. experience, here are some tips from locals when it comes to recreation, shopping, food and other activities.
Metro Public Art in Los Angeles: Art of the Purple Line
Los Angeles Metro’s public art showcases the city’s roots, providing visitors with an easy way to learn about various aspects of LA’s personality. Movies, culture, myth and architecture all appear in the public art works of L.A. Metro’s Purple Line, which runs from Union Station to Wilshire and Western. Take some time to explore, and see how public art in L.A. adds another dimension to the city’s art scene.
Art Masterpieces in Pasadena
L.A. is chock-full of world-class art museums, and art lovers will find it well worth their time to spend a day discovering the numerous artistic treasures of Pasadena. Here's a step-by-step guide to the famous works of art that can be found in the town's museums.
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Come From Away to Return to the West End with Concert Version in February
December 11th, 2020 | By Lindsey Sullivan
There will be a warm welcome back to the rock! The hit musical Come From Away is set for a West End return early next year with a staged concert version performed for a limited run at London’s Phoenix Theatre. The staging is scheduled for February 10, 2021 through February 27.
The concert will reunite cast, band and company with specially adapted staging and a reduced audience capacity to allow for safe social-distancing. The 100-minute production will be the first chance to see Come From Away since the production closed due to the coronavirus pandemic.
The London company of Come From Away includes Jenna Boyd, Tarinn Callender, James Doherty, Mary Doherty, Mark Dugdale, Alice Fearn, Kate Graham, Alasdair Harvey, Jonathan Andrew Hume, Harry Morrison, Emma Salvo, Cat Simmons, Ricardo Castro, Stuart Hickey,Sorelle Marsh, Alexander McMorran, Micha Richardson, Jennifer Tierney and Matthew Whennell-Clark.
There will also be an invited dress rehearsal performance of the concert, which will be free for key workers to attend on February 10. Details on how to apply for free tickets to this performance will be announced in January 2021.
Come From Away tells the true story of 7,000 stranded passengers on September 11, 2001, and the small town in Newfoundland that welcomed them. The show features a book, music and lyrics by Irene Sankoff and David Hein, direction by Christopher Ashley, musical staging by Kelly Devine and music supervision by Ian Eisendrath.
The production won four 2019 Olivier Awards, including Best New Musical.
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Alcova Heights
About Alcova Heights
Buildings of Historical Interest
Citizens Association
AHCA By-Laws
Association Meetings Dates & Minutes
Alcova Heights Conservation Plan 1999
2013 Alcova Heights Summer Block Party
Summer 2013 Softball Game
2013 Alcova Heights Halloween Parade
FAQ/FDT
Form Based Code
How do I report a non-emergency problem to Arlington County?
What Does Arlington County Zoning Division Do?
Newsletter ad rates
Arlington County Policy Department – District 3
Arlington County’s Corridor for Columbia Pike
Arlington Baptist Church
BY-LAWS OF THE ALCOVA HEIGHTS CITIZENS’ ASSOCIATION
ARTICLE I: ORGANIZATION
The name of the Association shall be Alcova Heights Citizens’ Association.
ARTICLE II: PURPOSES
The Alcova heights Citizens’ Association is an education, not-for-profit neighborhood association of residents organized under the statutes of the Commonwealth of Virginia and the County of Arlington to preserve the residential character, appearance, and condition of the neighborhood; to provide a forum to deal with neighborhood issues; to educate and inform members on county and other issues pertaining to the neighborhood; to assist the community in obtaining information, services, and improvements from the county and state; to organize social and other events that promote neighborhood cohesion.
ARTICLE III: BOUNDARIES
The Association’s boundaries shall be those defined by the County of Arlington, Virginia, but shall also include the additions of Alcova Row and Dundree Knolls, id est, those residences included within Columbia Pike to the south, route 50 (Arlington Blvd) to the north, George mason Drive to the west and Glebe Road to the east.
ARTICLE IV: MEMBERSHIP
Membership in this organization shall be open to any resident, living full-time, and residential property owner within Alcova heights who is a minimum of 18 years of age. Active membership is defined as a person having paid annual dues.
ARTICLE V: MEETINGS
The annual membership meeting of this organization shall be held on the third Thursday of September or on a day that the Board of Directors shall fix, but which shall not be more than two weeks from the date fixed by these By-Laws.
The Secretary shall cause notice of the annual meeting through multiple methods to include the Association’s newsletter, the Alcova heights listserv, and by the posting of signs and other announcements in plain public view.
Regular meetings of the Association shall normally be held in the Arlington Baptist Church, or at some other location fixed by the Board of Directors and announced to the membership at least one week in advance through the Association’s newsletter, the Alcova Heights listserv, or by the posting of signs and other announcements in plain public view. At a minimum, regularly meetings will be at least six times per year, generally on the third Thursday of the month.
The presence of representatives of at least 10 active members of the Association shall constitute a quorum. A Quorum shall be present for the transaction of any business.
Additional meetings of the Association may be called by the President and the Board of Directors when they deem it in the best interest of the Association. Such meetings shall be announced by the Secretary as described for regular and annual meetings heretofore.
No other business but that specified in such notice may be transacted at such a special meeting without the unanimous consent of all present at such meeting.
ARTICLE VI: VOTING
At all meetings, except for the election of officers and directors, all votes shall be by voice. For election of officers, ballots shall be provided, and there shall not appear any place on the ballot anything that might tend to indicate the person who cast such a ballot, except that by unanimous consent of those present, uncontested elections may be conducted by voice vote.
At any regular or special meeting, if a majority so requires, any question may be voted upon in the manner and style provide for election of officers and directors.
Each active member shall be allowed one vote. No active member will be denied votes for reasons of race, sex, age, or ownership status. Active members must be present to vote.
At all votes by ballot, the chair of such a meeting shall, prior to the commencement of balloting, appoint a committee of three who shall act as “Inspectors of Election” and who shall, at the conclusion of such balloting, certify to the Chairman the results, and those results shall be entered into the minutes.
Not inspector of election shall be a candidate for office or shall be personally interested in the question voted upon.
ARTICLE VII: ORDER OF BUSINESS
Reading of the Minutes of the preceding meeting
Reports of Committees
Reports of Officers
Old and Unfinished Business
Any part of the Order of Business may be dispensed with by majority vote of those present and voting.
The President shall conduct the meetings and may follow Revised Robert’s Rules of Order when he/she deems it necessary and appropriate.
ARTICLE VIII: GOVERNANCE
The business of this organization shall be managed by a board of directors consisting of the four officers and three at-large members. One of the at-large members will serve for a one-year term and two at-large members will serve for two-year terms.
Directors to be chosen for the ensuing year shall be chosen at the annual meeting of the Associating on the same manner and style at the officers, and they shall serve for the term designated above.
The Board of Directors shall meet upon request of any two Directors and upon due notice to all Directors.
Each Director shall have one vote and such voting may not be done by proxy.
The Board of Directors shall make such rules and regulations covering its meeting as it may in its discretion determine necessary.
Vacancies in the Board of Directors shall be filled by a vote of the majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors for the balance of the year.
The President of the Association shall be the Chairman of the Board of Directors.
A Director may be removed for cause at a duly announced and convened meeting of the association by majority vote of the members present, when such action is on the agenda.
ARTICLE IX: OFFICERS
The Officers of the Association shall be as follows:
The President of the Association shall preside at all membership meetings.
Shall appoint all committees, temporary or permanent.
Shall see all books, reports, and certificates required by law are properly kept or filed.
Shall be one of the officers who may sign checks or drafts of the Association.
Shall, with the concurrence of the Board of Directors, appoint representatives to various other organizations.
The Vice President of the Association shall preside in the event of the absence or inability of the President to exercise the office, become acting President of the Association will the rights, privileges and power as if duly-elected president.
Shall conduct meetings in the absence of the president.
The Secretary shall record the minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors and the general membership.
Shall provide copies of the minutes of both meetings to the Board members, the Alcova Heights Newsletter, and the Alcova Heights listserv.
Shall, at the request of the President, assist with writing correspondence.
Shall give and serve all notices to members of the Association.
May be one of the officers required to sign checks or drafts of the Association.
The Treasury shall have the care and custody of all monies belonging to the Association and shall be solely responsible for such monies.
Shall submit a yearly budget to the Association.
Shall be one of the officers who will sign checks or drafts of the Association. No special fund may be set aside that shall make it unnecessary for the Treasurer to sign the checks issued upon it.
Shall collect dues and pay for obligations incurred by the Association.
Shall provide quarterly, at general meetings, a summary of the income and expense of the Association.
Term of office for officers shall be two years and officers of the Association shall be eligible to serve no more than three successive terms in any office.
ARTICLE X: COMMITTEES
All committees of this organization shall be appointed by the President with the concurrence of the Board of Directors and their term of office shall be for a period of one year or less if sooner terminated by action of the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE XI: DUES
The dues of the Association shall be $10.00 per year per household. The dues can be adjusted each year by the Board of Directors sufficient to meet the requirements of the Association.
ARTICLE XII: AMENDMENTS
These By-Laws may be altered, amended, repealed, or added to by an affirmative vote of not less than 50 members or 10 percent of the membership, which ever is less.
Arlington Presbyterian Church
Infrastructure and Projects
National Foreign Affairs Training Center
Neighborhood Meetings
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Georgia Tech's School of Architecture has a distinguished record of innovative scholarship in the field of History, Theory, and Criticism. Drawing on the unique range of disciplines and professions within the College and the Institute, faculty contribute to a growing field of cross-cultural studies and interdisciplinary scholarship that use concepts from humanistic, social scientific, and technical disciplines, some traditionally seen as outside the purview of architectural history and theory in order to better understand the material, spatial, intellectual, and ideological dimensions of the physical world. To this end, linkages have been established with the School of Literature, Media, and Communication and with the School of History and Sociology at Georgia Tech’s Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts.
Aesthetic Theory
Interpretation and Analysis
Heritage Documentation and Visualization
Design Networks
Architectural Practice
Research Trajectories
Taking advantage of the resources available in the Atlanta metropolitan area and beyond, doctoral students engage questions relevant to the contemporary world, using rigorous scholarship, scientific analysis, and theoretical reflection to promote innovative research that challenges the assumptions on which public and scholarly debate about architecture are often based. The aim of research in History, Theory, and Criticism is thus to position architecture within a wider field of critical, scientific, and cultural inquiry, using international and cross-cultural research, inter-disciplinary work, as well as novel social, cultural, philosophical, and scientific perspectives to expand the scope and range of historical and theoretical inquiry.
While centered primarily on modern and contemporary architecture, student interests vary significantly by subject area, period, region, and methodological emphasis. As is evident in the following list of PhD dissertations, doctoral student research in the area of History, Theory, and Criticism focuses on a wide range of subjects within or across a variety of fields, from architecture to urbanism, landscape, and engineering/building technology.
Ph.D. Dissertations
Prater, Robin Hensley. "The Neo-Georgian Architecture of Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens (1869-1944)." Georgia Institute of Technology, 2017. Advisor: Robert M. Craig
Porter, Zachary Tate. "Shifting Grounds of Architectural Practice: Boundary Conditions and Field Formations in the U.S. Design Professions." Georgia Institute of Technology, 2017. Advisor: George B. Johnston
Hyun, Myung Seok. "Seeing Architectural Photographs: Space and Time in the Works of Julius Shulman and Ezra Stoller." Georgia Institute of Technology, 2017. Advisor: Sonit Bafna
Gokmen, Sabri. "Expansion and Contraction: Goethean Polarity and Architecture." Georgia Institute of Technology, 2017. Advisor: Lars Spuybroek
Kim, Hoyoung. "Conceptual Expression and Depictive Opacity: Changing Attitudes Towards Architectural Drawings between 1960 and 1990." Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. Advisor: Sonit Bafna
Mamoli, Myrsini. "Towards of a Theory of Reconstructing Ancient Libraries." Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. Advisors: Terry Knight, John Peponis
Ziada, Hazem. "Gregarious Space, Uncertain Grounds, Undisciplined Bodies the Soviet Avant-Garde and the ‘Crowd’ Design Problem." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. Advisor: Sonit Bafna
Setiawan, Arief B. "Modernity in Architecture in Relation to Context." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Rizzuto, Anthony P. "Tectonic Memoirs: The Epistemological Parameters of Tectonic Theories of Architecture." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Zhu, Ying. "Evidence of Existing Knowledge of China and Its Influence on European Art and Architecture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Middleton, Deborah Antoinette. "Growth and Expansion in Post-War Urban Design Strategies: C. A. Doxiadis and the First Strategic Plan for Riyadh Saudi Arabia (1968–1972)." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. Advisor: Richard Dagenhart
Gharipour, Mohammad. "Pavilion Structure in Persianate Gardens Reflections in the Textual and Visual Media." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. Advisor: Douglas C. Allen
Din, Edouard Denis. "Emergent Symmetries: A Group Theoretic Analysis of an Exemplar of Late Modernism: The Smith House by Richard Meier." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. Advisors: Athanassios Economou, Charles Eastman
Hobson, Daphne Louise. "The Domestic Architecture of the Earliest British Colonies in the American Tropics: A Study of the Houses of the Caribbean ‘Leeward’ Islands of St. Christopher, Nevis, Antigua and Montserrat. 1624–1726." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Kim, Ransoo. "The ‘Art of Building’ (Baukunst) of Mies Van Der Rohe." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Wolford, Jane N. "Architectural Contextualism in the Twentieth Century, with Particular Reference to the Architects E. Fay Jones and John Carl Warnecke." Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Sobti, Manu P. "Urban Metamorphosis and Change in Central Asian Cities after the Arab Invasions." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
He, Weiling. "Flatness Transformed and Otherness Embodied: A Study on John Hejduk's Diamond Museum and Wall House 2 across the Media of Painting, Poetry, Architectural Drawing and Architectural Space." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Advisor: John Peponis
Morin, Pauline Marie. "Leon Battista Alberti: Architect as Orator." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. Advisor: Elizabeth M. Dowling
Chanchani, Samiran. "Architecture and Central Public Libraries in America, 1887–1925: A Study of Conflicting Institutions and Mediated Designs." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Bafna, Sonit. "A Morphology of Intentions: The Historical Interpretation of Mies Van Der Rohe's Residential Designs." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. Advisor: John Peponis
Kanekar, Aarati. "The Geometry of Love and the Topography of Fear: On Translation and Metamorphosis from Poem to Building." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. Advisor: John Peponis
Joyner, John Edward, III. "The Architecture of Orthodox Anglicanism in the Antebellum South: The Principles of Neo-Gothic Parish Church Design and Their Application in the Southern Parish Church Architecture of Frank Wills and His Contemporaries." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. Advisor: Robert M. Craig
Mical, Thomas. "A Fragmentary Writing: The (Convulsive) Enigma of Eternal Recurrence in De Chirico's ‘Architecture’." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Rab, Samia. "The "Monument" in Architecture and Conservation: Theories of Architectural Significance and Their Influence on Restoration, Preservation, and Conservation." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Flores, Carol Ann Hrvol. "Owen Jones, Architect." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Smith, Albert Cowper, III. "Architectural Model as Machine." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. Advisor: Marco Frascari
Lee, Dongeon. "Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, and Existentialism as Sources of an Inquiry into the Meaning of Modern Architecture." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. Advisor: John A. Templer
Kim, Sung-Hong. "Visual and Spatial Metaphors of Shop Architecture." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. Advisor: John Peponis
Hayes, Richard Lee. "An Image Architecture: Aircraft Hangar Manifestations." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Sentosa, Lucas Shindunata. "Continuity and Change in Balinese Dwelling Environments: A Socio-Religious Perspective." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. Advisor: Ronald B. Lewcock
Lewis, David Correll. "Revealing the Parthenon's Logos Optikos: A Historical, Optical, and Perceptual Investigation of Twelve Classical Adjustments of Form, Position, and Proportion." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. Advisor: John A. Templer
Lee, Jongkeun. "A Phenomenological Inquiry into the Problem of Meaning in Architecture." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. Advisor: Libero Andreotti
Hyde, Deborah Hayes. "Architectural Education for Building Safety." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. Advisor: John A. Templer
Chen, Hui-Min. "A Critique on Scientific Rationality in the Production of Architecture." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. Advisor: Robert T. Segrest
Smith, Kendra Schank. "A New View of Architectural Sketches." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. Advisor: Marco Frascari
Garcia Moreno, Beatriz Teresa. "Contextualist Thought and Architecture." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. Advisor: John A. Templer
Kenzari, Mohamed Bechir. "A Curious View on Negation and Architectural Creativity." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. Advisor: Robert T. Segrest
Vancura, Milan Vladislav. "The Architecture of Czech Cubism." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. Advisor: Angel Medina
Jones, Michael Anthony. "Models for Educating Architects in This Century and the Next." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. Advisor: Robert T. Segrest
Bloomer, Jennifer Allyn. "Towards an Architecture of Desire: The (S)Crypt of Joyce and Piranesi." Ph.D., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. Advisor: Marco Frascari
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intersectionalities
International and regional processes
Latin America & Caribbean Islands
Arrow for Change: The Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression
our stories ourselves
srhr ask us
ARROW in the News
our work nepal
Our work in Nepal involves monitoring, reviewing and advocating for the implementation of the ICPD POA, working through ARROW's WHRAP-SA and WHRAP-Asia Pacific partnerships and exploring inter-linkages between SRHR and climate change. They are also part of the WHRAP-Asia Pacific regional partnership. Our current initiatives in Nepal are the Right Here Right Now (RHRN) partnership, building the next generation movement leaders and organisations in South Asia for young people’s sexual and reproductive health and rights, Claiming the right to safe abortion: Strategic partnerships in Asia and the ICPD+25 monitoring programme.
Nepal is a land-locked country located at the foothills of the Himalayas. The country is bordered by India to the east, south, west, and China to the north. Nepal is rectangular in shape and stretched 147, 181 square kilometers in total. Nepal is divided into three distinct ecological regions: Mountainous region, Hilly region, and the Terai (or plains) region. Nepal recently emerged from a decade-long armed conflict (1996-2006). This conflict had an effect on both the population’s health and the health care system. This conflict aggravated the already poor health service provision of Nepal.
The average household size in Nepal is 4.2 members. More than 3 in 10 households (31%) are headed by women. Nearly one-third (34%) of the population is under age 15. Migration is quite common in Nepal—nearly half of households (47%) reported at least one person who migrated from the household in the past 10 years. One in three men migrated in the past year. Nearly 8 in 10 men migrated for work and two-thirds of women migrated due to marriage.
Source: extracted from Nepal Demographic & Health Survey (NDHS) 2016
Key findings from the 2016 NDHS on the situation of SRHR in Nepal are as follows:
Maternal Health:
The maternal mortality ratio is 239 for every 100,000 live births.
Eighty-four percent of women who gave birth in the 5 years before the survey received antenatal care from a skilled provider.
Sixty-nine percent of women had at least four antenatal care visits.
Ninety-one percent of women took iron tablets or syrup and 69% took drugs for intestinal parasites during the pregnancy for their last birth in the 5 years before the survey.
Eighty-nine percent of women were protected against neonatal tetanus.
Fifty-eight percent of deliveries are conducted by skilled birth attendants.
57% of deliveries take place in a health facility.
Only 57% of both mothers and newborns receive a postnatal care check within 2 days of delivery.
Contraception:
Women in Nepal have an average of 2.3 children.
Women in rural areas have an average of 2.9 children, compared to 2.0 children among women in urban areas.
Women living in the poorest households have an average of 3.2 children, compared to 1.6 children among women living in the wealthiest households.
Since 1996, fertility has decreased from 4.6 children per woman to the current level.
More than half (53%) of married women age 15-49 use any method of family planning—43% use a modern method and 10% use a traditional method.
Female sterilization is the most popular modern method (15%).
61% of married women do not want any more children.
Only 15% of currently married women age 15-19 use a modern method of contraception.
Twenty-four percent of married women of reproductive age have an unmet need for family planning; that is, they want to space or limit births but are not using contraception.
Abortion:
According to the UN Abortion Policies and Reproductive Health around the World (2014), abortion is permitted on all grounds.
Of total pregnancies, 9% of all pregnancies were induced abortions.
Overall, two in five (41%) women age 15-49 were aware that abortion is legal in Nepal.
48% of women age 15-49 report knowing a place where a safe abortion can be obtained.
Abortions account for a higher proportion of pregnancy outcomes among women age 35-49 (27%) and among fifth- or higher-order births (21%).
72% of women used medicines to terminate the pregnancy (medical abortion), followed by manual vacuum aspiration (17%) and dilation and evacuation/dilation and curettage (7%).
A large majority of women who had an abortion in the 5 years preceding the survey went to a doctor, nurse, or auxiliary nurse midwife (71%) for their most recent abortion.
Only half of women who had an abortion in the 5 years preceding the survey were given information on family planning methods during the post-abortion period.
One in four women used a family planning method within 2 weeks of their abortion.
More than 8 in 10 women reported at least one problem in accessing health care for themselves.
HIV & AIDS:
Eighty-one percent of women and 98% of men have heard of AIDS.
Comprehensive knowledge about HIV is not widespread among either women (20%) or men (28%).
Forty-seven percent of women and 51% of men know that HIV can be transmitted during pregnancy, during delivery, and by breastfeeding.
44% of women and 36% of men know that the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced by the mother taking special drugs.
Forty percent of women and 33% of men expressed discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV.
Thirty-four percent of women and 58% of men know where to get an HIV test.
10% of women and 20% of men have ever been tested and received the results.
Child Early & Forced Marriage (CEFM):
17% of adolescent women age 15-19 are already mothers or pregnant with their first child.
Teenage pregnancy decreases with increased education; 33% of young women with no education have begun childbearing, compared to 7% young women with SLC and above education.
Eleven percent of women begin sexual activity before age 15, while 51% have sex before age 18.
One in five women give birth by age 18.
Violence Against Women (VAW):
Twenty-two percent of women in Nepal age 15-49 have experienced physical violence since age 15, and 7% have ever experienced sexual violence.
Six percent of women who have ever been pregnant have experienced violence during pregnancy.
Twenty-six percent of ever-married women have ever experienced spousal physical, sexual, or emotional violence.
The most common type of spousal violence is physical violence (23%).
Sixty-six percent of women who have experienced any type of physical or sexual violence have not sought any help or talked with anyone about resisting or stopping the violence they experience.
More than one fourth (29%) of women agree that wife beating is justified under specific circumstances.
It is, however, interesting that fewer men (23%) agreed in the survey.
The wife neglecting the children was reported as the most common circumstance justifying wife beating (24% of women, 19% of men).
Attitudes justifying wife beating are most common among women with a primary education (33%) and those in the middle wealth quintile (34%).
Use of female sterilization is highest (28%) among women who justify wife beating in all five circumstances and lowest (14%) among those who justify none of the circumstances.
A positive correlation existed between women who do not justify wife beating in any circumstance and those who received antenatal care from a skilled provider and postnatal checkups in the first 2 days after birth.
ICPD+25: Access to Safe Abortion in Asia and the Pacific Region
Nepal Baseline Research Report – Claiming the Right to Safe Abortion
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Artie Wayne On The Web
If Life is a Lottery – Let\’s All Take a Chance… But if Life is a Monkey, Let That Monkey Dance!
THE TOP 25 HALLOWEEN MUSIC VIDEOS!
“The first time I remember being scared was when I was 5 years old and my mother dangled me over the body of baseball great Babe Ruth, who was lying in state at Yankee Stadium. She wanted me to remember that afternoon for the rest of my life, and I have, which is why I don’t go to funerals.
The next time my adrenaline started rushing like that was when my Aunt took me to a second, or third-run theater, where they were playing “The Picture Of Dorian Gray” It’s a story of a man who sells his soul to remain young, while a portrait of him grows old hidden away in a closet. I was bored watching the black and white film, until they showed horrific, but stunning inserted technicolor clips of the decaying portrait. That image kept me awake for many nights, and is probably the reason I’m cautious going into closets today.
Although I had seen movies with Bela Lugosi as Dracula on TV, I was never scared because they were in black and white and not the colors of the real world. When Hammer Films, in the UK, re-did the classics in all their bloody, technicolor horror, with believable actors, that all changed! Christopher Lee, who played in a series of Dracula Films…made me believe in Vampires! I never doubted for a minute that he could bite you and condemn you to a “life” of the undead!
One dark and stormy night in London, while I was staying with my friend, record producer Lou Reizner and his wife Pam. I’m in the kitchen writing a song with Scott English (“Bend Me, Shape Me”, “Mandy”). There’s a flash of lightning, and standing behind Scott’s chair is a frighteningly familiar face…Christopher Lee!
I must’ve turned white. Scott said, “What’s the matter man, you look like you’ve seen a ghost?” I motion for him to look behind his chair. When he sees Christopher, hovering above him, he falls to his knees and makes the sign of the cross with two spoons. Lou Reizner starts laughing, when his unfazed friend Chris looks down at Scott and says, “Nice meeting you too!”
From the forthcoming book, “I Did It For A Song”…”If You Don’t like ’60s, ’70s music, you can kiss my past!”
And now in no particular order here are THE TOP HALLOWEEN MUSIC VIDEOS!
“TWILIGHT SOUNDTRACK” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6KYjytwr1w
The “Monster Mash” by Bobby “Boris” Pickett http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0thH3qnHTbI&feature=related
“BUMP” BY HERE COME THE MUMMIES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1p4gfBHEUE
“The Addams Family Theme Song” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFD7KGBUtKI
“I Hear Voices” by Alan O’Day http://vimeo.com/1969065
From “GHOST”, the Righteous Brothers and “Unchained Melody” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXH4vDQWptU
“Disturbia” by Rihanna…with 18,000,000 views! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6zdhHLvT7k&feature=related
What about Ray Parker, Jr. and “Ghostbusters” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4uxIo4t7xM
“Witchcraft” byFrank Sinatra and Elvis Presley http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFzD5fJUC_U
“THRILLER” BY MICHAEL JACKSON HQ UNEDITED UNCENSORED’http://www.spike.com/video/michael-jackson/2714844
“Lightning Strikes” by Lou Christie (featuring Denise Ferri, Bernadette Carroll and Peggy Santiglia)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYO8GCIS3z4&feature=related
“Rock And Roll Heaven” by Ronnie Kimball https://artiewayne.wordpress.com/2006/08/20/rock-and-roll-heaven/
“Meet Me On The Equinox” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZHRv3rA9Hc&feature=related
“Anime Halloween” stunning! http://anime.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ&sdn=anime&cdn=entertainment&tm=3&f=00&tt=9&bt=0&bts=0&zu=http%3A//www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3D2zXKavHBl6Q
“Music Of The Night” from “Phantom Of The Opera” by Michael Crawford http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5dhyiqhR7Y
“Died InYour Arms Tonight” by Cutting Crew http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fD5YcFmke4
“Don’t Fear The Reaper” by Blue Oyster Cult http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7i0b_blue-oyster-cult-dont-fear-the-reap
Peter Boyle and Gene Wilder, “Puttin’ On The Ritz” from “Young Frankenstein. http://video.aol.com/video-detail/puttin-on-the-ritz-young-frankenstein/2456189253
Warren Zevon and “Werewolves Of London” http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x19ajb_warren-zevon-werewolves-of-london_music
“Everybody” by the Backstreet Boys http://www.jockboymusic.com/jockboymusic/2008/10/12.html
“The Time Warp” from “The Rocky Horror Show” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yarYjuN-m8I
Rob Zombie and “Dragula” http://new.music.yahoo.com/videos/–2150313
“I Put A Spell On You” by Screamin’ Jay Hawkins http://movieblips.com/video/screamin_jay_hawkins_i_put_a_spell_on_you/
Theme from “Halloween” by John Carpenter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xN1IXcl4jRY
Alice Cooper “Welcome To My Nightmare” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQK5TbgopKw
“Dinner with Drac” byJohn Zacherly http://dbellel.blogspot.com/2007/10/dinner-with-drac.html
“Tubular Bells” from “THE EXCORCIST” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYmIKcP7Nbc
The Eagles “Witchy Woman” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrAKiRZ9niM
Original Theme from “JAWS” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLAYvjaGGqM&feature=related
HAPPY HALLOWEEN FROM ARTIE WAYNE ON THE WEB! EXCLUSIVE “MOVIE MONSTERS I HAVE KNOWN AND FED!” “Freddy Kruger, Frankenstein, Jack the Ripper were all customers at Genghis Cohen, the Hollywood restaurant I named and hosted, which is why I kept a sharpened chopstick on me at all times! https://artiewayne.wordpress.com/2008/10/28/movie-monsters-ive-known-and-fed/
Glow in the Dark Jackets hand painted by Artie Wayne http://artiewayne.com
Copyright 2012 by Artie Wayne
WHILE FIGHTING LARGE CORPORATIONS WHO ARE TRYING TO KEEP ROYALTIES AWAY ME AND THOUSANDS OF OTHER ARTISTS, SONGWRITERS AND PUBLISHERS, MY ONLY SOURCE OF INCOME IS FROM THE SALE OF MY BOOK. ” I DID IT FOR A SONG”, WITH OVER 100 STORIES FROM THE MUSIC BUSINESS OF THE ’60s, ’70s, and ’80s. I HOPE YOU’LL CONSIDER BUYING ONE DIRECTLY FROM ME THROUGH PAYPAL FOR ONLY $9.99 AT artiewayne@gmail.com OR BY CHECK TO…ARTIE WAYNE P.O. BOX 1105, DESERT HOT SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA 92240
THANKS AND REGARDS, ARTIE WAYNE https://artiewayne.wordpress.com/2012/04/10/celebrating-two-million-views-today-on-artie-wayne-on-the-web/
BACK TO ARTIE WAYNE ON THE WEB https://artiewayne.wordpress.com
Posted by Artie Wayne
Tags: "Addams Family Theme song" video, "ANIME Halloween video, "Buffy Vampire Slayer" theme song video, "Died In Your Arms Tonight" Cutting Crew Video, "Died In Your Arms Tonight" video Cutting Crew, "Disturbia" Rihanna UNEDITED UNCENSORED video, "Don't Fear The Reaper" Blue Oyster Cult Video, "Don't Fear The Reaper" video Blue Oyster Cult, "Everybody" Backstreet Boys video, "Ghostbusters"" video Ray Parker Jr., "Halloween" Video" John Carpenter, "Hell Of It" Paul Williams "Phantom Of The Paradise" vi, "I Hear Voices" video, "I Put A Spell On You" Screamin' Jay Hawkins, "Lightning Strikes" Lou Christie Video, "Music Of The Night" from "Phantom" Michael Crawford Vi, "People Are Strange" Doors Video, "Picture Of Dorian Gray", "Rock and Roll Heaven" Ronnie Kimball video, "Time Warp" from "Rocky Horror Show video, "Time Warp" video from "Rocky Horror Show", "Unchained Melody" clip from "Ghost", "Werewolves of London" video, "Witchcraft" Elvis and Sinatra rare video, Add new tag, alan o'day, Alice Cooper "Welcome To My Nightmare" video, Babe Ruth lying in state at Yankee Stadium, Bela Lugosi as "Dracula", bump/THE MUMMIES, Christopher Lee as "Dracula", Director's Cut "Thriller" Michael Jackson, exclusive ""NEW MOON" " MUSIC VIDEO, EXLUSIVE "TWILIGHT" UNCENSORED MUSIC VIDEO!, HIGH QUALITY SPRINGSTEIN "JERSEY DEVIL" VIDEO!, HQ Meet Me On The Equinox Death Cab For Cutie, Johnny Depp "Epiphany" video, Lou Reizner, People Are Strange" the Doors video, Peter Boyle Gene Wilder "Puttin' On The Ritz" video fro, Rob Zombie "Dragula" video, Rob Zombie "Dragula" xxxvideo, scott english, The Simpsons "Monster Mash", UNEDITED UNCENSORED SPRINGSTEIN JERSEY DEVIL VIDEO!
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Why Government-by-Polls Is A Bad Idea
by Steven Hayward
“Public opinion,” Napoleon wrote, “is an invisible power, mysterious and irresistable. Nothing is more mobile, nothing vaguer, nothing stronger.” In modern times, of course, we have a highly developed technique to demystify public opinion, render it highly visible, and even more irresistable. That technique is the public opinion poll.
Right now public opinion polls find that President Clinton enjoys a high public approval rating for his job performance, and though a huge majority doubts his character and trustworthiness, by a large majority the public says it does not want to see him removed from office. This, despite having told pollsters for months that if perjury in a legal proceeding was proved it would be a serious offense warranting removal from office. What gives? Has the public really changed its mind? Does Clinton have some kind of Svengali powers over the American public? Is fluoridated water finally having the effect the John Birch Society warned us about?
Several explanations are offered. Political cynics–and exasperated Republicans–suggest that Clinton’s drag-it-out strategy has simply worn down the people, who wish the non-stop scandal would simply go away. Social psychologists speak about “cognitive dissonance,” which is the ability of individuals to keep two contradictory ideas in mind at the same time and be utterly untroubled about it. In this case, people tell pollsters that while they would never let their daughters work at the White House, they like the job our president is doing. Still others point to the common sense idea that the strong economy is influencing public opinion.
All of these explanations have some merit, but they accept the premise that opinion polls should be taken at face value. This is not to suggest that the polls are wrong or inaccurate, or that they have been “cooked.” Rather, the problem with opinion polls on abstract questions is that they have been “precooked.” By this I mean that most of the public does not have deeply formed views on many issues, so when a pollster calls up on the phone, he must offer a menu of answers from which the respondent must choose. This is where things get sticky.
Public opinion polling is very good at measuring or predicting the public mind about binary (either-or) questions, i.e., are you for Candidate A or Candidate B; do you favor or oppose Proposition X? These kind of polls are quite good at predicting the outcome of election contests. But when you move to a level of abstraction beyond this it is difficult to tell what people really think.
For example, consider a pair of questions that pollster Richard Wirthlin has been asking about the environment every year since 1981. The statement “continuing environmental improvements must be made regardless of cost” commands nearly 80% agreement. But the statement “economic growth should be sacrificed for environmental quality” gets less than 17% agreement. The difference in the result is rather jarring when you ponder that the questions are substantively identical. It is difficult to know from this poll what people really think about environmental policy; however, it is worth noting that most environmental ballot propositions that cost real money have been losing in recent elections.
Perhaps this is only to point up again the importance of nomenclature. Out on the West Coast the California Trial Lawyers Association decided three years ago to change its name, because trial lawyers have rightly acquired a high degree of public disapproval. A poll at about the time of the name change found that 31% of respondents “don’t trust at all” the California Trial Lawyers Association. But only 17% said they “don’t trust at all” the Consumer Attorneys of California (which is the new name for the trial lawyers). Same old shysters; different result.
This is not to suggest that polls and pollsters are bosh, but rather to reinforce George Orwell’s famous dictum that he who controls the language controls the outcome of the political debate. People surveyed in polls about issues are most likely to choose those precooked answers that conform to what people think they are supposed to think. Most people wish to choose the most “sophisticated” answer, which may or may not reflect what they really think about the issue, if they think about the issue much at all. Issue polling is really more of a test of how people respond to the way the questions are phrased and arranged. This is useful for corporate marketing, perhaps, but not for a great democracy.
So it is foolish for political leaders to take their lead on many issues, whether impeachment or abortion, from the tea leaves of conflicting and ever-changing polls. It is like trying to steer a ship by looking at its wake in a tossing storm. The real leader will understand where he or she wants to take the ship of public opinion, and seek to define the terms of our public discourse that will determine where the ship will end up.
Steven Hayward is an adjunct fellow at the Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs at Ashland University.
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Has America's Suez Moment Come?
Has America’s Suez Moment Come?
2020 will surely qualify as an “annus horribilis” in the history of the Republic.
By New Year’s, one in every 1,000 Americans, 330,000, will be dead from the worst pandemic in 100 years. The U.S. economy will have sustained a blow to rival the worst year of the Great Depression.
And by the end of December, much of the nation will be back in lockdown, with Joe Biden repeatedly predicting a “dark winter” ahead.
Only at the apex of World War II has the U.S. deficit and debt been so large a share of our economy.
In the wake of George Floyd’s death in Minneapolis, the summer of 2020 produced riots the extent of which rivaled the week after the murder of Martin Luther King in 1968.
Also revealed by the BLM uprising of 2020 was an unknown depth of hatred many U.S. citizens have for their country’s history, as they pulled down and smashed statues of men once revered as the greatest leaders — Washington, Jefferson, Jackson, Lee, Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson.
By year’s end, tens of millions were denying the legitimacy of the designated president-elect, who was to take office on Jan. 20. Both parties were charging the other with trying to “steal” the presidency.
Can a nation so distracted, so divided, so at war with itself continue to meet all of the duties, obligations and commitments that are ours as the self-proclaimed “leader of the free world”? Are we still the people and country we used to be?
While we tear ourselves apart, we remain obligated to defend nearly 30 nations of Europe from Russia. We are committed to ostracizing and isolating Iran and going to war if she should seek to build nuclear weapons like those held by her neighbors Israel, Pakistan, India, Russia and China.
Why is this our duty?
We are strategically “pivoting” to Asia to contain a China that is the rising power of the new century and whose economy and armed forces rival our own, while its population is four times larger.
If South Korea is attacked by the North, or Japan or the Philippines find themselves fighting China over rocks in the South and East China seas, we are obligated to treat any Chinese attack as an attack upon us.
Three decades ago, historian Paul Kennedy used the term “imperial overstretch” to describe what happens to great powers when their global commitments become too extensive to sustain.
This happened to the British at the end of World War II when, bled, broken and bankrupted by the six-year war with Germany, she began to shed her colonies. In the fall of 1956, Prime Minister Anthony Eden, Churchill’s foreign secretary, was ordered by President Eisenhower to get his troops out of Suez under an American threat to sink the British pound.
The British Empire was finished.
The imperial overstretch of the Soviet Empire was exposed from 1989 to 1991, with the withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Iron Curtain. The captive nations of Eastern Europe broke free. The USSR then disintegrated along ethnic and tribal lines into 15 nations.
Its diversity tore the Soviet Union apart.
On Dec. 2, at Brookings Institution, joint chiefs chair Gen. Mark Milley said: “There’s a considerable amount that the United States expends on overseas deployments, on overseas bases and locations, etc. Is every one of those absolutely, positively necessary for the defense of the United States?” The Defense Department, Milley added, must “take a hard look at what we do, where we do it.”
In a separate talk at the United States Naval Institute, the chairman added that U.S. permanent basing arrangements are “derivative of where World War II ended.”
Indeed, NATO was formed and its war guarantees were issued to Western Europe in 1949, seven decades ago. War guarantees to South Korea, Japan, the Philippines and Australia were all issued from 1950 to 1960.
These commitments to go to war for other nations were issued when Stalin was in the Kremlin, a 400,000-man Red Army sat on the Elbe in Germany, and Mao and his madness had just come to power in Peking.
How long must we sustain all these alliances and soldier on in the “forever wars” of the Middle East? Do we Americans still have the national unity, sense of purpose, and disposition to sacrifice for the cause of Western civilization we had in the early days of the Cold War?
Or has our own Suez moment arrived?
President Trump did not extricate us from the “forever wars,” but he did draw down our troop levels in Afghanistan and Iraq. And he did raise the question of how many more decades must we defend a rich Europe from a declining Russia that has a fourth of its population and a tenth of its wealth.
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Steve McQueen’s ’12 Years a Slave’ Wins People’s Choice Award at Toronto Film Festival
Posted byBy A Moore | September 16, 2013 CommentsComments (0)
Steve McQueen’s “12 Years A Slave“ has won the top award at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, further clearing the film’s path to be one of this year’s premier Oscar contenders, according to industry experts.
According to the Huffington Post: Films that have won the festival’s People’s Choice honor over the last 15 years include Best Picture winners “American Beauty” (1999), “Slumdog Millionaire” (2008) and “The King’s Speech” (2011), and Best Picture nominees “Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon” (2000), “Precious” (2009) and last year’s “Silver Linings Playbook.”
The film, 12 Years A Slave is based on the autobiography of Solomon Northup, and follows the story of the free black man kidnapped and sold into slavery in 19th century America.
The film boasts an all-star cast of actors, including: Chiwetel Ejiofor (Solomon Northup), Michael Fassbender, Ruth Negga, Adepero Oduye, Alfre Woodard, Lupita Nyong’o, Paul Dano, Benedict Cumberbatch, Scott McNairy, Garret Dillahunt, Brad Pitt, Michael K. Williams, Paul Giamatti, Sarah Paulson and others.
Fox Searchlight will screen the film next at the New Orleans Film Festival, after another impressive premiere at the New York Film Festival, before releasing it theatrically Oct. 18 in a limited rollout. The film will be distributed nationwide in successive weeks.
Warner Bros’ child abduction thriller, Prisoners, which costars Viola Davis and Terrence Howard, was another festival hit and was TIFF’s runner-up for the People’s Choice Award.
Here are the list of winners below:
People’s Choice Award:
*12 Years a Slave*
Runners-up: Philomena and Prisoners
People’s Choice Award For Documentary:
Runners-up: Beyond the Edge and Hi-Ho Mistahey
People’s Choice Award For Midnight Madness:
Why Don’t You Play In Hell?
Runners-up: Oculus, Witching & Bitching
Best Canadian Feature Film:
When Jews Were Funny
Best Canadian First Feature Film:
Asphalt Watches
Prizes of the International Critics (FIPRESCI Prize) for Special Presentations Section:
Prizes of the International Critics (FIPRESCI Prize) for Discovery Section:
NETPAC Award For Best Asian Film:
Qissa
Award For Best Canadian Short Film:
The Grolsch Film Works Discovery Award:
All The Wrong Reasons
Tags12 Years A SlaveSteve McQueentoronto film festival
Chiwetel Ejiofor’s to Tell True-Life Story of Teen Who Saves Malawian Village
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Pérez-Campos, Xyoli and Kim, YoungHee and Husker, Allen et al. (2008) Horizontal subduction and truncation of the Cocos Plate beneath central Mexico. Geophysical Research Letters, 35 (18). L18303. ISSN 0094-8276. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PERgrl08
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Davis, Paul M. and Clayton, Robert W. (2007) Application of the telegraph model to coda Q variations in southern California. Journal of Geophysical Research B, 112 (B9). Art. No. B09302. ISSN 0148-0227. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121001-093602285
Bieri, Tamberlyn and Blasiar, Darin and Ozersky, Philip et al. (2006) WormBase: new content and better access. Nucleic Acids Research, 35 (Databa). D1-D5. ISSN 0305-1048. PMCID PMC1669750. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BIEnar06advacc
Husker, Allen L. and Kohler, Monica D. and Davis, Paul M. (2006) Anomalous Seismic Amplitudes Measured in the Los Angeles Basin Interpreted as a Basin-Edge Diffraction Catastrophe. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 96 (1). pp. 147-164. ISSN 0037-1106. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160502-134209812
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Kohler, Monica D. and Davis, Paul M. and Safak, Erdal (2005) Earthquake and ambient vibration monitoring of the steel frame UCLA Factor building. Earthquake Spectra, 21 (3). pp. 715-736. ISSN 8755-2930. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160122-140617171
Chen, Nansheng and Harris, Todd W. and Antoshechkin, Igor et al. (2005) WormBase: a comprehensive data resource for Caenorhabditis biology and genomics. Nucleic Acids Research, 33 (Databa). D383-D389. ISSN 0305-1048. PMCID PMC540020. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CHEnar05
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“After seeing your action plan, Ganga will not be cleaned even after 200 years,” says Justice Thakur – Bhadra Sinha
Posted on Sep 5, 2014 by VOI
Why The Modi Govt Is Going Slow: Restoring the holy river to its past glory had remained on the government’s backburner as removing the dirt would have hurt the vote-bank of around 400 million Indians who live in the river basin. — Chetan Chauhan, Hindustan Times, New Delhi, August 14, 2014
“In its affidavit, the Narendra Modi government said it was committed to depolluting the river, which was an election promise and has recently been deemed national priority. It also said a group of professionals from the IITs have been asked to finalise the plan by the end of the year. … The government has said it is committed to its pre-poll promise of making the river which passes through 29 major cities, 23 small cities and 48 towns, free from pollution.” – Bhadra Sinha
The Supreme Court asked the Centre on Wednesday for a PowerPoint presentation within three weeks on a stage-wise strategy to clean up the Ganga, saying the government’s “bureaucratic plan” may take 200 years to accomplish the task.
“Please try that the next generation is able to see the river in its original form. We don’t know whether we will see it or not,” said a bench headed by Justice T.S. Thakur after studying the government’s latest affidavit.
“After seeing your action plan, it seems Ganga will not be cleaned even after 200 years. Evaluate the dream project you have to take steps to restore Ganga to its pristine glory.”
In its affidavit, the Narendra Modi government said it was committed to depolluting the river, which was an election promise and has recently been deemed national priority. It also said a group of professionals from the IITs have been asked to finalise the plan by the end of the year.
The bench said it was not concerned about the financial assistance coming from other countries but was worried how the common people will be explained about the proposal for proceeding with project of cleaning the river.
“We don’t want to get into the nitty-gritty of committees etc. But common man expects to know how the cleaning Ganga process will emerge. They should at least know how the government is proceeding.
Over Rs. 20,000 crore has been spent since 1985 when the Clean Ganga mission was launched. The goal, however, remains unachieved.
“You have given a very bureaucratic kind of explanation. We want to see it in a layman’s language as to how you are proceeding with the project,” the bench told solicitor general Ranjit Kumar after perusing an affidavit filed by Uma Bharti’s ministry of water resources, river development and Ganga rejuvenation.
The apex court, which has been monitoring the cleaning process, will next hear the 29-year-old public interest litigation filed by advocate MC Mehta on September 24.
The bench also asked the Centre to explain what steps it had taken to preserve the 135-km stretch of the river from Gangotri downstream, notified as an eco-sensitive zone by the Union government in December 2013.
Solicitor general Ranjit Kumar informed the court how the government had received World Bank funds and financial and technical aid from Japan to implement various projects. At this, the bench said it wasn’t keen to know the source of funds.
“If you want us to enforce some directions for removal of polluting industries or ask the local bodies not taking steps to prevent pollution, to act, we will certainly issue the legal process,” the court said.
The 2,500-km long Ganga, which originates in the Himalayas, is considered the holiest of rivers by Hindus.
The government has said it is committed to its pre-poll promise of making the river which passes through 29 major cities, 23 small cities and 48 towns, free from pollution. In its affidavit, the Centre said, “it accords a status of national priority to the rejuvenation of river Ganga and the basic framework to achieve this national priority consists of evolving suitable strategies and action points in several thrust areas.”
It said maintaining ecological flow in the river, abatement and mitigation of various types of pollution in it, restoring ecological sanctity, creating awareness about the conservation of river and ensuring people’s participation in this process are some of the thrust areas.
“The achievements of these objectives entail multi-institutional, multi-dimensional and multi-sectoral approach,” the affidavit said. – Hindustan Times (with PTI inputs), 3 September 2014
» Bhadra Sinha is a journalist specializing in legal affairs and is currently working as Assistant Editor with Hindustan Times in New Delhi. She is a mother of two daughters and also a trained Bharatnatyam dancer who had learnt the art under renowned dancer Yamini Krishnamurthy.
Supreme Court: Systemic failures and corruption thwarts Ganga cleaning plan
Ganga cleaning begins; toxin sensors installed
Unholy mess: Cleaning up the Ganga
Cleaning one of the world’s dirtiest rivers is a tough task
Filed under: india | Tagged: BJP, BJP government, cleaning the ganga, environment, environmental pollution, ganga, india, indian government, indian politics, narendra modi, politics, river ganga, river ganges, river pollution, rivers, uma bharti |
« Idolatry in Islam: Venerating the Prophet’s tomb – Richard Spillett You can’t be friends with Uncle Sam and survive – Taki »
raguvasan, on Sep 25, 2019 at 11:28 pm said:
It is easy for the courts, the Accounts & Audits & the Vigilance to raise questions and to criticize; but, none from these areas have solved any problem!
Efraín Romano, on Jan 6, 2017 at 11:41 pm said:
Its a Big Trouble, But how the clean is more than 25 years the Goverment with the credit will other different than Modi’s Government. So how says in Mexico: Ya para que.
Admin, on Oct 9, 2015 at 9:52 pm said:
Tell us one place where Ganga is clean? National Green Tribunal asks Centre – PTI – Times of India – Oct 9, 2015
NEW DELHI: The National Green Tribunal on Friday asked the government to “tell one place” where the Ganga is clean and said that despite spending huge sums, the situation has gone from bad to worse.
Expressing open displeasure over the government’s lackadaisical approach towards ensuring cleanliness and uninterrupted flow of the river, it said “we take it that almost nothing has happened in reality.”
The green panel, which was asked to act against industrial units polluting Ganga by the Supreme Court, said the Centre and the states over the years have only been shifting responsibility and nothing concrete was visible on the ground.
“Would you please tell us that is it correct that more than Rs 5,000 crore has been spent on Ganga in making it worse from bad. We don’t want to know whether you have allotted this quantum of money to the states or have spent it yourself.
“Out of the 2,500km stretch of the river Ganga, tell us one place, where the condition of the river has improved,” a bench headed by NGT chairperson Justice Swatanter Kumar asked.
The counsel appearing for ministry of water resources told the bench that almost Rs 4,000 crore has been spent on the rejuvenation of the river since 1985 till last year.
He said that Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase I was launched as a centrally-funded scheme in 1985 and later GAP Phase II was initiated in 1993 to improve the river’s water quality. In 2009, “National Ganga River Basin Authority” (NGRBA) was setup for pollution control in the Ganga.
NGRBA, a World Bank-funded scheme, was aimed at effective abatement of pollution and conservation of Ganga and 70 per cent of the total project cost was contributed by the Centre and the remaining expenses were borne by the states, he said.
To this, the bench said, “… Better be careful of what you say. We take it as almost nothing has happened in reality. It is not suddenly that we are asking for all the information from you.”
“We have been waiting for the last one year. But for one reason or the other, you have been delaying the issue. We don’t want to comment on that. But this time we are not leaving it to your discretion, be rest assured. To clean Ganga is your prime responsibility. Days are very short for you,” the bench said.
Admin, on Aug 6, 2015 at 9:41 pm said:
Action soon against economic units polluting Ganga: Government – The Economic Times – PTI – New Delhi – 6 August 2015
NEW DELHI: Government has asked the pollution control boards to initiate action against industrial units discharging contaminated effluents in river Ganga, Union Minister Uma Bharti informed Lok Sabha today.
She said the government has asked the pollution control boards to initiate action against such industrial units, in a bid to stop untreated water from flowing into the Ganga.
During the Question Hour, the Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Minister said her Ministry would soon finalise a plan in this regard and send it to the Cabinet for approval.
The government has launched the ambitious ‘Namami Ganga’ programme to rejuvenate the river which was fully funded by the Centre.
“We are committed to clean Ganga,” Bharti said while adding that the people’s representatives and the society as a whole needed to work together in this direction.
Bharti said the government proposes to encourage public participation, especially of those living on the banks of the Ganga and nearby areas in its efforts to rejuvenate the river.
An Eco Task Force is being raised which will be primarily manned by ex-servicemen living on banks of Ganga to aid local participation, she said.
Apart from rejuvenation of Ganga, the programme also covers all the tributaries of the river. “Yamuna Action Plan, Gomti Action Plan, Damodar Action Plan are already under operation and work on Ramganga and Kali is under implementation,” Bharti said.
Under the programme, an amount of Rs 528 crore has been earmarked for public participation, including towards raising of Ganga Task Force, for a five-year period (2015-2020). Till end of June, Rs 91.75 lakh has been spent.
To a query that less amount has been spent so far, the Minister said enough was being spent and money would be further spent on the cleaning efforts “wisely”.
Admin, on Jul 30, 2015 at 8:50 pm said:
River Ganga Likely to be Clean by 2020: Union Minister Uma Bharti – Press Trust of India – NDTV – July 30, 2015
NEW DELHI: Cleaning of river Ganga is expected to be completed by 2020, by which time desired results of initiatives taken up for the purpose will be visible, the government has said.
In reply to a question in the Rajya Sabha, Union Water Resources Minister Uma Bharti said cleaning of the river Ganga was a massive task.
“The present initiative of Ganga cleaning is expected to be completed by 2020, by which time most of the projects that have initiated/proposed are expected to be completed and desired results will be visible,” she said.
The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGBRA) was launched in 2009 with the renewed vision of cleaning river Ganga using a basin wide approach.
Since inception and till NGBRA was launched (1985-2009), 966 projects for cleaning Ganga were launched, 902 projects were completed and 2495.73 million litres per day (MLD) treatment capacity was created, she added.
“Under NGBRA, 93 projects have been sanctioned in 55 towns in main stem Ganga states at a cost of Rs. 7350.38 crore. The sanctioned projects are estimated to create a treatment capacity of 762 MLD,” Bharti said.
On the other hand, responding to another query Minister of State for Water Resources Sanwar Lal Jat said that as per the CPCB assessment, 764 Grossly Pollution Industries (GPIs) units are utilising 1123 MLD of water and discharging 501 MLD of waste water.
According to him, CPCB has issued directions under Section 5 of Environment Protection Act to 200 industries and directions under Section 18 (1) (b) of the Water (PCP) Act, 1974 to 178 industries.
“In addition, it has issued closure directions to 68 units. The Uttar Pradesh State Pollution Control Board has also issued closure directions to 98 tanneries for operating without the consent of the Board on the directions of National Green Tribunal,” Mr Jat added.
Admin, on Jun 6, 2015 at 7:15 am said:
Ganga can’t be cleaned in 50 years: Joshi – PTI – The Hindu – Varanasi – June 6, 2015
Toeing a line different from his party-led government on ambitious ‘Namami Gange’ programme, senior BJP leader Murali Manohar Joshi on Friday said that the Ganga can’t be cleaned even in next 50 years the way the project to clean the river was being carried out.
Expressing his reservations on clean Ganga project, Dr. Joshi said cleaning the Ganga would be a far-fetched dream till there was uninterrupted water flow in the river.
“Cleaning the Ganga would be a far fetched dream till there was an uninterrupted flow of water in the river. The river cannot be cleaned even in next 50 years, they way river was being cleaned by dividing it into small parts, converting it into small ponds,” Dr. Joshi said, adding that the Ganga was our lifeline, and any threat to the Ganga was a threat to our culture and tradition.
The senior BJP leader advocated for an uninterrupted flow of water in the Ganga and questioned Union Minister Nitin Gadkari’s Inland waterways project of running cruises and large ships in the Ganga for transportation of heavy goods.
“How will you run large ships when big boats are unable to move on the river (Ganga mein Jahaz chalana to door, badi nav bhi nahi chal payengi, is yojana ko lagu karne se pahle Ganga ki maujuda isthti ki jaanch karale).”
Uma Bharti’s reaction
Meanwhile in Jaipur, Union Water Resources Minister Uma Bharti on Friday said she would seek Murli Manohar Joshi’s views to remove shortcomings in the ‘Namami Gange’ programme after he questioned the project and said that it would not be be completed within two years.
Admin, on May 24, 2015 at 1:52 pm said:
Centre’s claim on Ganga remains unfulfilled: Experts – Binay Singh – Times of India – Varanasi – 23 May 2015
VARANASI: Narendra Modi’s pledge on the bank of the Ganga here on May 17, 2014 that he would serve ‘Maa Ganga’ to end its miseries, is yet to materialize. Evaluating his government’s one-year performance on the scale of Ganga cleaning, most environmentalists and river scientists are disappointed to note the condition of the holy river one year down the line.
Though the Modi government came up with Namami Gange programme, an integrated Ganga conservation mission with a budget of Rs 2,037 crore in the Union Budget, nothing remarkable has been achieved, particularly in PM’s own constituency. This has been proved by the Centre’s admission before the Supreme Court in September that the water quality of the Ganga at Varanasi and Allahabad was most unfit even for bathing purpose.
“Whatever is being done in the name of river cleaning is improper and far removed from reality. As the pollution managing potential of each place is different due to the river’s morphology and dynamics, pollution managing potential of various sewage treatment plants (STPs) has been wrongly quantified,” said river scientist and former professor of civil engineering at Banaras Hindu University Prof Udai Kant Chowdhary.
According to him, pollutants in different forms such as domestic effluent from mega cities, towns and villages reach the river through various sources. Also, micro and macro level industries discharge pollutants directly and indirectly into the Ganga. “Even now, pollutants from all these sources are being discharged without conceptualizing the idea that the river is a body system in which all locations are different in structure, shape, size, orientation, etc,” he said.
Seconding his opinion, BHU environmentalist B. D. Tripathi said: “It is true that some ghats are getting a cleaner look, but the condition of the Ganga has not improved. There is an urgent need for corrective measures to make the river pollution free. Tripathi is also an expert member of the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA).
Similar was the opinion of another environmentalist Vishwambhar Nath Mishra, the president of Sankat Mochan Foundation (SMF), an NGO working for the cause of Ganga for over three decades. “The basic need of the Ganga, i.e., improvement in its water quality, is being overlooked,” said Mishra, who is also mahanth of the famous Sankatmochan Temple. – Times of India, 23 May 2015
‘Sin’ of polluting Ganga may soon be a crime – Vishwa Mohan – Times of India – New Delhi – 18 May 2015
NEW DELHI: One year may not be enough for him to show results as far as his pet Ganga cleaning project is concerned, but Prime Minister Narendra Modi is determined to demonstrate substantial progress on the issue when his government goes to the polls at the end of its term.
A timeline for this complex assignment, discussed in the Cabinet last week, indicates that the Centre wants to stop completely untreated water flowing into the river by March, 2019 and will possibly arm authorities with a law having provisions to penalize polluters by that time.
The Union water resources and Ganga rejuvenation ministry has been in discussion with other ministries including urban development, environment and law over four different drafts which talk about possibility of framing a law with objectives of abating pollution and maintaining sustainable cleanliness.
Converting the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) into a commission under a Parliament Act is the most possible course if, at all, the government finally decides to opt for a legal provision to provide teeth to its task of Ganga cleaning in a much more effective manner. The NGRBA is a key central body which monitors planning and execution of all schemes of Ganga rejuvenation in coordination with five states including Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
Though making a law with criminal provisions is not priority at the moment when the government still has to create adequate anti-pollution infrastructure, the idea continues to be part of the official discourse on Ganga cleaning.
A proposed law on this matter was discussed as one of the key agenda of the high-level review meeting on Ganga rejuvenation in March when Modi called for an “uncompromising mission-mode approach” to stop further pollution of the country’s national river. – Times of India, 18 May 2015
Cabinet clears Rs20,000 crore outlay for Clean Ganga project – Pretika Khanna, Elizabeth Roche, Mayank Aggarwal – Live Mint – 14 May 2015
New Delhi: The Union cabinet approved on Wednesday an outlay of Rs.20,000 crore for the next five years for the “Namami Gange” (Clean Ganga) project.
The project to clean up the polluted national river is to be implemented by the national mission for clean Ganga and its state counterparts.
The Clean Ganga programme was one of the manifesto promises of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the largest constituent of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government, which completes a year in office on 26 May.
The government has already set up a separate ministry to lead the effort to rejuvenate the river.
“Marking a major shift in implementation, the government is focusing on involving people living on the banks of the river to attain sustainable results. Drawing from the lessons learnt from previous implementation, the programme also focuses on involving the states and grassroots-level institutions, such as urban local bodies and panchayati raj institutions, in implementation,” said a statement released by the government.
To speed up the process, the centre will take over the entire funding of various activities and projects under the programme.
The centre also plans to provide for operation and maintenance of assets for a minimum period of 10 years.
Namami Gange will focus on “pollution abatement interventions” through the treatment of wastewater flowing through drains into the river, use of innovative technology and immediate short-term measures for arresting pollution at exit points on the riverfront.
The government is also planning to set up a four-battalion Ganga eco-task force as a territorial army unit. The ministry of defence has approved the proposal for the unit, which will include ex-servicemen who will help improve public awareness about the river and stop people from polluting it. This is part of efforts to turn the mission into a “people’s programme”—something that has already been endorsed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
The government is also considering legislation to check pollution and protect the river.
The current budget allots Rs.4,173 crore for water resources and Namami Gange—more than double the initial sum of Rs.2,037 crore that was set aside in the previous budget presented in July 2014, when the programme was announced.
Environmentalists were disappointed with the programme.
“It is old wine in an old bottle. Nothing is going to happen if the government continues to take this approach. It is not different from the Ganga Action Plan and Yamuna Action Plan. It is an ecological problem and not an engineering one. Disappointed with this approach. The river needs flow; there is no mention of strategy of how to bring back the flow,” said Manoj Mishra, convener of Yamuna Jiye Abhiyaan, a Delhi-based organization working to revive Yamuna river.
The cabinet on Wednesday also gave approval to India signing a pact with China for cooperation in mining and minerals. The pact will provide an institutional mechanism for cooperation and “will help in exchange of information on resources, laws and policy … encouragement of transfer of technologies and promotion of value addition,” said a government statement.
The cabinet also approved the signing of a tourism promotion agreement with China, as part of the efforts to promote people-to-people understanding between the two countries.
“The agreement is to be signed during forthcoming visit of the prime minister to China,” a government statement said, referring to Modi’s 14-16 May visit. He will also visit Mongolia and South Korea after China.
“The main objectives of this agreement are … to encourage cooperation between tourism stakeholders, including hotels and tour operators; to establish the exchange programmes … to invest in the tourism and hospitality sectors; to participate in travel fairs, exhibitions in each other’s country; and to promote safe and sustainable tourism,” said the statement.
The cabinet gave its go-ahead for a pact between India and Mongolia for cooperation in border guarding, policing and surveillance. The agreement “will strengthen bilateral cooperation in the field of border management as both countries’ borders are porous and have difficult terrain,” another government statement said. It will also “increase effectiveness in border security cooperation and best practices sharing. This would help in providing necessary peaceful ambience which is a prerequisite for the development of society as a whole,” it added.
Another pact for the transfer of sentenced persons between India and Mongolia that will enable such people to complete their sentences in their home country, also received the cabinet’s nod.
The cabinet also cleared the signing of two pacts for cooperation with South Korea in electric power development and renewable energy and in the area of maritime transport and logistics.
The former is “expected to take forward development in the power sector for providing equitable access to reliable electricity supply to consumers through bilateral cooperation,” a government statement said. “The focus of attention will be bilateral cooperation in the areas of electric power development, renewable energy, smart grids, transmission and distribution of electric power, energy efficiency and energy storage systems. Measures in these areas will improve energy security and reliability of supply, improve energy access and facilitate sustainable economic growth.”
The pact on maritime cooperation aims to boost cooperation in sharing of technologies, training of seafarers, port operation, facilitate cooperation and partnerships between the maritime transport, the utilization, development and management of domestic and overseas ports.
The cabinet also approved a comprehensive new urea policy for the next four financial years. It aims at maximizing indigenous urea production and promoting energy efficiency in urea units to reduce the government’s subsidy burden.
The policy will result in total subsidy savings (direct and indirect) of at least Rs.4,829 crore over the next four years.
“Savings in energy shall reduce the carbon footprint and would thus be more environment-friendly. It will enable the domestic urea sector to become more energy efficient, would rationalize the subsidy burden and incentivize urea units to maximize their production at the same time,” said an official statement.
Admin, on May 4, 2015 at 5:16 pm said:
Ganga still waiting for Modi’s Midas touch: Supreme Court slams Centre for slow progress on cleaning holy river – Kumar Vikram – Daily Mail – 4 May 2015
While filing his nomination as a BJP candidate from Varanasi for the 2014 Lok Sabha elections, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said he had not entered the holy city of his own volition, but rather Maa Ganga (Mother Ganga) had called him there.
Subsequently, he had also promised to clean the holy river. But the ground reality is very different.
The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government first came in for criticism from the Supreme Court over its slow progress in Modi’s ambitious Clean Ganga mission, and now even a house panel report has echoed the SC’s views.
Various schemes and fund utilisation, under the National Ganga Plan, are static as the project is yet to get approval from the Union Cabinet.
The parliamentary standing committee report on the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) and demand for grants for Ganga rejuvenation have brought to the fore the government’s sluggish progress and lack of separate allocations for schemes.
Under the Clean Ganga project, funds to the tune of Rs 1,500 crore which were allocated for the National Ganga Plan in the last budget have not yet been utilised, the report said. The only expenditure incurred under the project in 2014-15 was under the Yamuna Action Plan. A total of Rs 4.36 crore was spent from the Rs 8 crore allocated for the scheme.
The committee also noted that the non-expenditure of funds for want of approvals undoubtedly reflected the casual manner with which the work of cleaning the river was being carried out.
Noting that the budgetary provisions for the National River Conservation Plan, the National Ganga River Basin Authority and the National Ganga Plan had been increased, the panel said: “We feel the government is yet to take the first step towards the enormous task of cleaning and rejuvenating Ganga. We also hope the government will work in a more proactive manner to get approvals expeditiously.”
Interestingly, the panel observed that there was a difference between the expenditure predicted by the ministry and that quoted by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) consortium, which was entrusted to prepare Ganga River Basin Management Plan.
In January, the apex court had said the Centre should be ‘more keen than the SC’ to hold true to its promise of bringing Ganga back to its pristine self. It had also asked the Centre if there was any chance of cleaning up the 2,500 km-long river during its current term.
“You should be more keen than us…You said you are committed to this (cleaning the river). So, do you want to complete this task in this term or not?” the SC Bench had asked.
In its reply, the government had said a consortium of IITs was preparing a road map for the project. The Centre also proposed the setting up of 80 Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) which, in a day, would process 368 million litres of water flowing into the river in the five river basin states.
In March, the government replaced IAS officer R.R. Mishra with TVSN Prasad as the mission director of the National Mission on Clean Ganga.
According to sources, the Centre was unhappy with Mishra as the project had not seen significant progress under his eight-month tenure. The NDA government, in 2014, launched the Namami Gange project in an attempt to bring back the past glory of the river.
The prime minister, in many high-level meetings, had emphasised the need for a time bound, swift and single-minded focus to clean the river Ganga.
The Narendra Modi-led government has divided the Ganga Rejuvenation Plan into pollution abatement, Ganga basin management and beautification of ghats and river fronts.
Cleaning the Ganga is in the priority list of the government and the budget allocation to the project clearly showed their intent.
The National Ganga Plan was allocated Rs 1,200 crore, which is Rs 600 crore more than the revised budget of 2014-15. In addition, a sum of Rs 100 crore was allocated for the development of ghats and beautification of river fronts at Kedarnath, Hardwar, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Patna and Delhi.
Admin, on May 1, 2015 at 12:58 pm said:
‘Even the first step to clean the Ganga has not been taken’ – Hukum Singh and Rashme Sehgal – Rediff.com – 30 April 2015
Bharatiya Janata Party Member of Parliament Hukum Singh heads the parliamentary standing committee on water resources. Singh and the 21-member committee came down heavily on the government for having done little to arrest rising pollution levels in the Ganga and other water bodies. The committee’s report was tabled in Parliament on April 27.
Singh spoke to Rashme Sehgal for Rediff.com in an exclusive interview.
Your committee has come down heavily on the government for not taking adequate steps to clean up the Ganga.
Our panel believes the government has a huge task ahead in clean up the Ganga. We tabled our report in Parliament on April 27, in which we pointed out that basic work on a series of projects such as the National Conservation Plan, the National Ganga River Basin such as beautification of the river has not taken place because expenditure on these schemes has yet to be incurred.
There have been no separate financial allocations on these schemes which all remain at the approval stage. So where has the first step to clean and rejuvenate the river been taken?
Did you travel on the ground to see the Ganga’s pollution or have you arrived at theoretical assessments?
I belong to Muzzafarnagar and have grown up along the banks of the Ganga spending a large period of my youth in Rishikesh and Hardwar. In my childhood, the river was very clean. The last 15 years or so has seen the river become filthy because of the large quantities of untreated sewage and effluents being dumped in it.
As a first step, our parliamentary team decided to visit Rishikesh and Hardwar which is really the head of the river. Can you imagine what we saw?
Huge drains carrying untreated sewage being dumped into the river. The smell was so foul, we could not even stand there. Effluents from industry only serve to worsen the situation.
I remember, 30 years ago, Rajiv Gandhi launched an ambitious plan to clean up the Ganga for which he allocated over Rs 100 crore (Rs 1 billion). Now if you go to the towns of Roorkee and Hardwar, all the engineers associated with this project can be seen to have built palatial bungalows for themselves, but the river remains as dirty as ever. This is my personal observation.
Our 21-member team regrets that 70 per cent of sewage is flowing untreated into the river along its entire course. Hardwar and Rishikesh remain two of our holiest cities. Then why has the government failed to do anything on the ground?
Sewage treatment plants have been set up in these two cities.
STPs (Sewage treatment plants) may have been set up, but let me tell you that in most cities, these STPs do not work. This is often being done deliberately by local officials in order to save costs which they then go on to pocket. They use the excuse of lack of electricity.
I have spoken to a lot of officials who point out that things are not as simple as they appear. We did inspect the water supply systems as also visit the STPs but things have to be much more streamlined. The initiative has to be taken by the state governments.
Your team and you also visited Varanasi.
We did. But the situation there is no better. The story is the same with only 30 per cent of sewage water flowing into the Ganga after treatment whereas nearly 70 per cent of sewage flowed directly.
It is Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s constituency. He has promised to clean up the river there.
He is a man with a mission. He is also a decisive person. He is lucky that there is no one there who can challenge his decision. If he can do with the Ganga what he has done with the Sabarmati, that will be a major achievement.
Did your team visit the Sabarmati project in Ahmedabad?
Yes. The river appears like a small ocean and you cannot see even a twig in the river — it is so clean. Twenty to thirty thousand people visit the Sabarmati riverfront every day and it has become one of the major tourist spots in the city. That is what we want to do with all our rivers and more so with the Ganga and the Yamuna.
Minister for Water Resources Uma Bharti is committed to clean up the Ganga, but she appears to be hamstrung by bureaucrats.
Uma Bhartiji is very committed. She gave a written reply in Parliament which only confirms what our committee has been stressing which is that presently 118 towns are discharging sewage into the Ganga.
In 2011, over 534 million litres per day of sewage was discharged in the river in Kolkata while 426 MLD was discharged in Kanpur.
In Varanasi, 295 MLD was discharged and 232 MLD in Allahabad while in Patna the quantity was 252 MLD.
She has been in the ministry for one year. She has warned factory owners and industrialists who are dumping effluents to clean up their act and ensure no polluted water is discharged into the river. We need to give her another year before results will show on the ground.
I am not in favour of even treated water from STPs being discharged into the Ganga. I believe this water can be used for agricultural purposes, but it should not be allowed to flow into the Ganga.
Of course, at present there is a new technology by which this sewage water can be treated and used for drinking purposes. A lot of oxygen will be pumped into this water. It is an expensive technology. Let us see how far the government can use it.
But there are many other problems that afflict the river apart from dumping of sewage and effluents. The river’s natural flow has been affected because huge amounts of water are being diverted from Hardwar itself. This is something you must have noticed.
The Ganga is bifurcated into three separate parts in Hardwar. Local people complain that even Har Ki Pauri does not have enough water. The situation is so bad that between Saharanpur and Muzzafarnagar, the water of Ganga is being diverted at Deoband to feed the Yamuna canal.
The water that is flowing in the Yamuna in Delhi is really water from the Ganga. Today, sadly, the Yamuna has become a seasonal river.
Pollution levels have destroyed all aquatic life in these two rivers. There was time when contracts were given to fisherfolk to catch fish in the Ganga around Narora. Each of these contracts was over Rs 50 lakh (Rs 5 million). Today all that is finished.
Is this not a matter of great concern?
This should be a source of concern for every citizen in the country. We have 18 per cent of the world’s population and only four per cent freshwater.
Our panel has listed that we had over 5.5 lakh (550,000) water bodies in the country. We have allowed many of these to dry up or get polluted. We are preparing a schedule whereby these water bodies can be revived with the help of state governments.
Earlier they used to say they had no budget for this kind of revival, but I do not agree. The new 2015 Budget has allowed state revenues increase by ten per cent. Uttar Pradesh, for example, will now get an additional budget of Rs 26,000 crore (Rs 260 billion) which can be spent on the revival of our ponds and other water bodies.
There has been a lot of misgovernance in the last five decades which has allowed major encroachment to occur in our water bodies. This must be dealt with very strictly.
Over Rs 27,000 crore (Rs 270 billion) has been spent on cleaning the Ganga with little to show on the ground.
I believe the next 12 months will make a difference after which the desired results will begin to show. Let us see how the situation unfolds.
Your panel suggested there should be only one national level tribunal to handle water disputes between states.
At present, we have six tribunals to handle water disputes between states. There is a tribunal for the Brahmaputra, the Cauvery, the Godavari and so on each headed by a retired judge. Unfortunately, none of these disputes have been resolved so far. In my opinion, the results are almost negligible.
We have one National Green Tribunal which is doing excellent work. Why cannot we have one National Water Tribunal to look into all disputes and resolved them in a time-bound manner?
Admin, on Feb 16, 2015 at 12:46 pm said:
Will clean Ganga in 2 years: Uma Bharti – PTI – Economic Times – Hoshangabad – 15 Feb, 2015
Ganga will be cleaned in a “qualitatively manner” within next two years, Union Water Resources Minister Uma Bharti said here today.
“The plan for cleaning Ganga was made in 1985 but nothing happened in that direction in the last 29 years. As per my plan, we will clean Ganga in a qualitative manner in two years,” Bharti said.
She was addressing the concluding session of a three-day long River Festival organised by ‘Narmada Samagra’ NGO at the confluence of Narmada ..
She said Prime Minister Narendra Modi had given her a free hand in cleaning the sacred river and all ministries are with her department for the purpose.
Bharti said her ministry was taking all possible measures for the conservation of rivers in the country and efforts are being made to ensure that no river is dried up.
“Rivers will be inter-linked to ensure continuous flow of water in them, like linking of Ken-Betwa-Narmada-Kshipra river ..
Bharti said schemes would be framed taking into consideration the geographical and other attributes of each and every river in the country.
Praising ‘Narmada Samagra’ head and Rajya Sabha MP, Anil Madhav Dave, the minister said that under his leadership, the NGO ensured a continuous flow of water by involving people and other stake-holders living around the holy river.
She said she has named Ganga cleaning campaign as ‘Ganga Samagra Abhi ..
For making rivers pollution-free, people will have to ensure cleanliness and greenery along the periphery of rivers by planting trees.
Dave said a total of 1123 representatives working for the conservation of 310 rivers in the country took part in the river festival and shared their experiences.
He said next such event will be organised in 2018.
Admin, on Jan 15, 2015 at 11:57 pm said:
Modiji humaari Ganga maili: Centre’s plan to clean the river seems a pipe dream – Sandipan Sharma – FirstPost – Jan 15, 2015
Indian holy scriptures suggest a dip in the Ganga River on Makar Sankranti, which falls today, can cleanse believers of their biggest sins, including brahmhatya (brahminicide) and gauhatya (cow slaughter), and purify the soul.
But even the most devout follower can be forgiven that a dip in the Ganga could lead to atmahatya (suicide) today. Its water, holy and pristine once upon a time, has turned toxic; ingesting even small amount could be lethal.
A few years ago, Sankatmochan Foundation, a Varanasi-based NGO, assessed the quality of water around the popular ghats. Some of the samples had a fecal coliform count of 62,000 to 2.7 million per 100 ml. And a biochemical oxygen demand of 20-50mg per litre.
How dangerous is this? The permissible level of fecal count for bathing is just 500 per ml. And the oxygen demand (higher the pollution greater is the amount of oxygen required to clean it) should be less than 3 mg per litre.
Raj Kapoor was right; the Ganga has indeed become maili. Even Mandakini would have said no to bathing in it in a diaphanous sari because it would have been the equivalent of bathing in an open drain where thousands of people defecate and hundreds of industries release effluents.
Now, fancy drinking this water!
On Wednesday, the Centre promised the Supreme Court that it will clean up the river by 2018. It gave the assurance after the court asked the government if it intended to turn cleaning of the Ganga into an electoral issue in the next Lok Sabha election or complete the project before that.
The deadline set by the Centre is reassuring. But it looks like a pipe-dream, especially when the government is yet to give details of how it plans to carry out this ‘Bhagirathesque’ project.
From mythological kings, sages and politicians the Ganga has always been difficult for Indians. According to Valmiki, Bhagirath had to pray to Brahma for several years to release the river from his karmandal and then seek Shiva’s help to contain the damage from its fall on earth. Later, King Shantanu paid a heavy price for stopping Ganga, whom he had married, from immersing their eighth child into the river. When stopped, Ganga left him and their son Devvrat (Bhishma).
When Rajiv Gandhi came to power, he announced a Ganga Action Plan to clean the river. Over the next few years, after spending nearly Rs 5 billion, the GAP was abandoned. In 2009, Manmohan Singh launched Mission Clean Ganga to ensure that by 2020 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial runoff enters the 1,560-mile river.
A World Bank spokesman described the plan, saying, “Earlier efforts to clean the Ganga concentrated on a few highly polluting towns and centers and addressed ‘end-of-the-pipe’ wastewater treatment there; Mission Clean Ganga builds on lessons from the past, and will look at the entire Gangetic basin while planning and prioritising investment instead of the earlier town-centric approach.”
And in July 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, whose symbolic gesture of contesting from Varanasi drew lot of attention to the plight of the holy river, launched the Namami Ganga project, promising to restore Ganga’s glory in three years. His government allocated nearly Rs 2000 crore for the project. But there has been no progress, a fact that roused the Apex Court’s ire.
Environmental experts point out that while addressing the pollution of the Ganges is important; focusing on pollutants alone is not the best approach.
“The decrease in water flow in the Ganges has reduced its capacity to purify or dilute its pollutants,” says Brahma Dutt Tripathi, professor of environmental engineering at the Banaras Hindu University and an expert member of the National Ganges River Basin Authority (NGRBA).
Hence attention must be paid to increasing the water flow in the Ganges, he says. This can be done by de-siltation, removing all mid-stream constructions, and halting construction activity along the river’s banks.
Instead of solving the problem, the Modi government may be adding to the river’s woes. One of the major solutions to the problem of pollutants in the Ganga is to increase its flow by removing impediments. But the government, according to the Hindu, is working on a scheme to further restrict the flow.
The Modi government has planned 16 new dams across a 1,600-km long stretch of the river between Varanasi and Hooghly. Experts fear the proposed dams would convert the Ganges into 16 huge ponds and destroy it forever.
The Ganga runs from the Himalayas, enters the plains at Rishikesh and finally merges into the Bay of Bengal. More than a billion people live in areas close to the river; thousands of industries operate near its banks.
According to the Down to Earth magazine, domestic sewage leads to maximum amount of contamination; around 2,700 million liters a day of sewage is produced by 50 cities located along the river, accounting for 85 percent of its pollution. Thousands of dead bodies, of humans and animals, are thrown into it every month.
For decades politicians, NGOs and policy planners have struggled to sort out these problems. But the pollution has multiplied; only huge funds have disappeared.
According to Indian mythology, Ganga is patita pavani—liberator of the sinner. Unfortunately, the river is now waiting for somebody to liberate her.
Will Modi save her, or, it will disappear like the other sacred river—Saraswati? We will know in 2018.
Admin, on Oct 29, 2014 at 8:50 pm said:
Supreme Court asks the National Green Tribunal to take action against industrial units polluting Ganga – Moneylife Digital Team – Moneylife – 29 October 2014
The Supreme Court asked the National Green Tribunal to take action against industrial units polluting Ganga, including snapping water and power connections to them, while slamming Centre and State Pollution Control Boards for their “failure” to punish erring units.
An SC bench headed by Justice T S Thakur gave a free hand to the Tribunal to take action against such units including forcing them to shut down.
“This is an institutional failure and your story is a complete story of failure, frustration and disaster. You need to stand up against the polluting units. It will take another 50 years if the task is left to you,” the bench said on the Pollution Control Boards.
“It is our duty to ensure purification of the river. There is no gainsaying that river has significance not only in religious and spiritual psyche of the people but it is also a lifeline of people,” the bench said.
The bench asked the Tribunal to file its report after every six months on the actions taken by it in controlling industrial pollution and posted the case for further hearing on 10th December, when it will pass further order to curb domestic effluents.
Gangotri glacier is ‘rapidly disintegrating’ – The Hindu – Dehradun – October 27, 2014
The Gangotri glacier is rapidly disintegrating, states the latest observation of a team from the Almora-based G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development.
The team of the institute, which has been monitoring the Himalayan glaciers, particularly the Gangotri, since 1999, visited the glacier between June and October, this year.
Kireet Kumar, Scientist in the Glacial Study Centre of the institute, said, “Our team has been observing disintegration in the snout of the Gangotri glacier for around three year now. This time the team observed that the disintegration on the right side of the snout is taking place at a rapid rate.”
Dr. Kumar said rapid melting of the Raktvarn, Chaturangi, and Thelu — tributary glaciers of the Gangotri, which are placed at a higher altitude than the Gangotri and are towards its right — as the reason behind the heavy disintegration.
Gangotri: Shrinking and retreating
A 2008 research report published in Current Science titled ‘Estimation of retreat rate of Gangotri glacier using rapid static and kinematic GPS survey,’ stated: ‘The Gangotri glacier is retreating like other glaciers in the Himalayas and its volume and size are shrinking as well.’
The glacier has retreated more than 1,500 metres (m) in the last 70 years. Post 1971, the rate of retreat of the glacier has declined. Dr Kumar said the latest data projects that post 2000 the average rate of retreat of the glacier per year has been about 12 to 13 m.
Dr. Kumar said global warming was not the only factor, but, it was an important factor that was resulting in glacial retreat.
The Gangotri, one of the largest Himalayan glaciers, is in Uttarkashi district. Originating at about 7,100 m above sea level, the glacier is 30.2 kilometre (km) long and has a width that varies between 0.5 and 2.5 km. The Bhagirathi river, which is one of the main tributaries of the Ganga, originates from the glacier.
Admin, on Sep 14, 2014 at 8:41 pm said:
Web portal on Ganga rejuvenation launched – The Hindu – New Delhi – 12 September 2014
As part of its efforts to make the Ganga rejuvenation programme a mass movement, the Ministry of Water Resource on Friday launched a web portal to connect with the public on the ambitious project of the NDA Government.
The bilingual website has a provision to receive feedback from the public, where suggestions can be given about the Ganga Rejuvenation Plan.
The public can also upload files up to the size of 4 MB along with their suggestions, a press release issued in Delhi said.
Launching the website, Union Minister for Water Resource Uma Bharti said the launch of the website was an important tool to connect the public with the gigantic task of Ganga rejuvenation.
She expressed hope that large number of people concerned with the present state of Ganga would come forward to give their suggestions to improve the condition of the river.
She reiterated the Government’s resolve to rejuvenate the holy river within the shortest possible time.
The home page of the web portal http://nmcg.nic.in/, which opens with the message of Mahatma Gandhi on the holy Ganga is an encyclopedia of the largest river basin in India.
It also gives details of Namami Gange, an Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission, for which a sum of Rs 100 crore has been allocated for development of ghats and beautification of river fronts at Kedarnath, Haridwar, Kanpur, Varanasi, Allahabad, Patna and Delhi in the current financial year.
This apart, the web portal also has an external link for Gangapedia that details on news, events, blogs and library connected with river Ganga.
The website further contains a wide rage of information on clean Ganga mission, conservation of pollution project, status of NGRBA, Ganga action plan, water quality monitoring, industrial pollution monitoring, waste water management and comprehensive details of Ganga basin.
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