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The Commission exerts far more influence over EU foreign and security policy than is commonly recognised
1 comment | 1 shares
Given the political sensitivity of foreign affairs, the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) has generally been understood as one of the most intergovernmental forms of EU decision-making, with national governments maintaining high levels of control over their involvement in joint-actions. As such, it is often assumed that the European Commission plays only a minor role in the decision-making process, but is this actually the case in reality? Based on a recent study, Marianne Riddervold writes that the Commission has exerted a surprising level of influence over CFSP decisions. She argues that in light of these findings it may be necessary to reassess our understanding of how foreign and security policies are determined.
The European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) is run by special procedures. The member states have not delegated powers to the supranational institutions. Yet, a number of studies challenge the assumption that policy-making lies exclusively with member states’ governments. The Commission’s putative influence within the CFSP however largely remains to be accounted for. How, if at all, does the Commission exert influence within this formally intergovernmental domain?
In a recent study, I address this issue. I have explored two cases to capture how the Commission influences the CFSP: first, the launch of the EU naval mission EU NAVFOR Somalia (Atalanta); and second, the adoption of an EU Maritime Security Strategy (EUMSS). These cases are representative of what is becoming more and more “typical” in the CFSP, namely that decisions and actions link up to Community policy areas – a trend that is likely to increase with the consistency requirement in the Lisbon treaty. At the same time, not only security and defence but also maritime policies have been jealously protected by the member states, who have been particularly keen to protect their sovereignty in these areas. One would therefore not expect the Commission to have influence beyond its formal competences in these cases.
However, my analysis suggests not only that the Commission was strongly involved in decision-making, but that it also influenced EU policies in both cases. Its influence was the strongest in the maritime security strategy case. The Commission redefined it from a security and defence oriented strategy to a cross-sectoral strategy that also covers a wide number of Community policy-areas falling under Commission competences. In doing so, it could influence its substantial content. The Commission also influenced Atalanta beyond what one would expect in an intergovernmental decision-making process. It did not simply implement the member states’ decisions, but actively cooperated with the French presidency to help make the member states support an autonomous EU mission.
How does the Commission influence EU foreign and security policy?
To tease out how the Commission was able to exert this influence, I isolate three hypotheses drawn from different strands of the EU integration literature. First, the Commission could have used available bargaining tools as leverage to enforce or build member states’ support in favour of its proposals, in line with a rationalist bargaining approach. Second, following a communicative action perspective, the Commission may have sought to present expert-based arguments that if perceived as convincing by at least some member states could have found their way into policy-making outcomes. Third, in line with organisational theory, the Commission could have exerted influence by ‘circumventing’ the formally intergovernmental line of policy-making within the CFSP.
My analysis did not find much support for the bargaining hypothesis in the Atalanta case. Although the member states acknowledge that the Commission has strong bargaining tools when discussing military missions, the Commission did not use these to log-roll or threaten its way into the Atalanta decision-making process or to enforce reluctant member states to support an EU mission. In the maritime security strategy case, however, the Commission vetoed the initiation of the process until it got the European External Action Service’s (EEAS) support for a cross sectoral approach.
The two other hypotheses proved more helpful for explaining the Commission’s influence. Both the organisational structure of the EU and the member states’ request for expert knowledge in interlinked policy-areas are key to understanding the Commission’s influence over policies. The institutional structure of the EU combined with the treaty obligation to coordinate external actions across policy-areas not only creates a demand for services from the Commission, but also allows it to “circumvent” the intergovernmental policy-making procedures that security and defence issues are supposed to follow. And once it had access to the de facto decision-making arenas, it convinced both the EEAS and the different member states of the relevance of its suggestions on the basis of its expertise and competences.
These findings have important implications both for how we theorise the EU in the field of CFSP and for the EU integration literature more generally. They lend support to the claim that the EU does not behave as a classic international organisation in the domain but rather that the CFSP is moving beyond intergovernmental cooperation. Consequently, it suggests that a focus on member state decisions might be too narrow if we want to fully capture who has influence and on what grounds, even in the policy-field most closely associated with state interest, the CFSP. To understand common policies and integrative moves, there is a need for a broader theoretical approach that at least allows for the possibility to study the relevance of alternative hypotheses.
In particular, my research suggests that the Commission’s actions, behaviour and informal interaction with other actors help explain the move towards closer cooperation and integration within the CFSP more generally. More broadly, it illustrates how social factors such as informal cooperation, expertise and the ability to present convincing arguments all are factors that may have integrative consequences even in cases where member states have strong interests.
Note: This article gives the views of the author, and not the position of EUROPP – European Politics and Policy, nor of the London School of Economics. Featured image: Handshake between Ahmet Davutoğlu, in the centre, and EEAS head Federica Mogherini, on the right, in the presence of EC Jean-Claude Juncker, on the left; credit: European External Action Service / Flickr (CC-BY-SA-3.0).
Shortened URL for this post: http://bit.ly/1Nrf3NO
Marianne Riddervold – University of Oslo
Dr Marianne Riddervold is a post doctoral fellow at ARENA – Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo. She is currently a visiting scholar at the Institute for European Studies at UC Berkeley.
Posted In: EU Foreign Affairs | Marianne Riddervold | Politics
Joe Thorpe says:
Without a permanent seat at the UN the EU is in Foreign & Security Limbo. The only member state likely to have a permanent seat at the UN post Brexit will be France & I simply don’t see them handing over the keys to that anytime soon, similarly to back up foreign policy a heavy stick is needed to back up the words, again, Post Brexit that will leave France as the sole provider of hard power & they will not be handing over control of their nuclear weapons & aircraft carriers to the EU & bare in mind they are progressing bilateral deals with the UK & unless France wants to withdraw from a deal with the only other capable global security provider in Europe this technology will not be available to other members of the EU.
EU Foreign Affairs
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Sound evidence on Human Rights – podcast exploring new perspectives on advocacy and cutting-edge research.
On International Human Rights Day, Todd Landman describes the launch of a new podcast series. The podcast has a simple aim: to provide sound evidence on human rights in an accessible format. Human rights scholarship has advanced tremendously in the late 20th and early 21st century. The podcast format allows the listener to engage with human rights research differently. You will learn about why people are doing this research, what the find, and why this really matters for the world.
There has never been a more important time to talk about human rights! And talk about it is what I plan to do, not in a lecture hall, not at a conference with other academics, but in a podcast series. Here’s why, on International Human Rights Day, I am launching a podcast site with the simple aim of creating sound evidence on human rights and getting our thinking about human rights on the right track.
For the last 25 years I have worked as a political scientist focusing on human rights problems. I’ve examined the struggle for citizenship rights in authoritarian Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Spain; between the international law of human rights and the protection of human rights; and between different forms of inequality and the violation of human rights. I have also worked on measurement and methods for analyzing human rights performance around the world.
I’ve travelled to 38 different countries to take part in conferences, workshops, seminars, and training activities where I have worked with people from local, national, and international governments, international NGOs, other academics and businesses. I can certainly say I’m part of a wide network of people who are dedicated to producing sound evidence on human rights.
Out of all of this have come articles, books, and reports that set out the aims and objectives of the research, the research questions, the theories and background, what we think we might find, the data we’ll use and how we’ll use it, and the findings and what they mean for the advancement of human rights. Over the course of my research career in human rights, one of the things that has struck me most is the incredible passion my fellow scholars have for the subject and the amazing advances that have been made in the collection, analysis, and use of human rights evidence.
Evidence for inference
Since the 1980s, social scientists have developed a variety of theories, methods, and measures for comparing, assessing, and explaining the variation in human rights performance across many countries and over time.
Methods of analysis have included quantitative approaches based on the careful assembly of different kinds of human rights and human rights-related data, including data on events and violations, scales on human rights conditions, survey data on perceptions and experiences of human rights, and socio-economic and administrative statistics relating to human rights concerns. These approaches focus on the differences (or variation) in numbers as they relate to human rights and build models to explain that variation, which are then tested using advanced statistical techniques.
Qualitative approaches have also been undertaken, such as in-depth interviewing, participant observation, action research, ethnography, and narrative analysis, where the focus is on the difference ‘in kind’ of human rights experiences, interpretations, stories, impressions, and feelings among those who have suffered violations themselves or have had friends and families who have had similar experiences.
While quantitative approaches to human rights problems are primarily focussed on explanation of variation, qualitative approaches are primarily focused on understanding of human rights situations and experiences. In either case, many scholars of human rights seek to use evidence about human rights to make strong inferences that can and in many cases are used for human rights advocacy.
The human rights movement today
Since the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights there has been a proliferation of international human rights law that has expanded both in depth (an increasing articulation and delineation of rights) and breadth (an increasing number of states that have ratified the international treaties). This expansion in law and general global awareness about human rights is the fruit of much hard work from human rights advocates, practitioners, scholars, lawyers, diplomats, and national leaders who have come together in a wide range of public meetings at the local, national, and international level.
Advocacy work in human rights is often highly contested, fraught with difficulty, denial and setback, but has made tremendous advances, while human rights scholarship particularly in the social sciences has advanced tremendously in the late 20th and early 21st century. There are undergraduate, postgraduate taught, and postgraduate research programmes dedicated to human rights, and scholars from these programmes go onto to do amazing things all over the world for the advance of human rights.
Much of this work is disseminated through quite traditional means: classrooms, seminar sessions, academic conferences, peer reviewed journal articles, research monographs, policy papers, and advocacy documents. All of these are excellent vehicles for communicating human rights research and human rights findings. But there is no denying that they are rather limited and do not connect with those people without an academic understanding of human rights, but who may also benefit most from our work.
Why podcast about human rights?
So on December 10, with generous support from the Nuffield Foundation, I am joining forces with former BBC journalist, Christine Garrington of Research Podcasts and web developer Paul Groves to launch The Rights Track, a podcast featuring a collection of interviews conducted by me with leading scholars around the world engaged in systematic human rights research. The podcast has a simple aim: to provide sound evidence on human rights in an accessible format that gets our thinking about human rights on the right track.
The podcast format allows you the listener to engage with human rights research differently. You hear the scholar in his or her words. You learn about why they study what the study. How they studied what they studied. What they found out from their research and why that matters for human rights.
Market research firm Edison Research announced last year that 1.7% of the time Americans spend listening to audio is devoted to podcasts, having noted earlier in the year that 15% of Americans – around 39m people – said they had listened to a podcast in the last month.
But I don’t believe podcasting is simply an American phenomenon – the UK and other parts of Europe are certainly catching on fast. The BBC recently announced record figures for podcast downloads of its programmes, explaining how they were playing a key role in bringing “brilliant programmes to an even wider audience”.
Those are just a couple of the reasons why, after experimenting with a few podcasts for my own blog, I have decided to go full steam ahead and launch my own podcast series in which I am the host and in which I interview some of the most interesting people around the world about their research and work in this area.
Episode1 Are we better at human rights than we used to be? #humanrightsday https://t.co/hWlIWbvxBI @cjfariss @intlpodcastday @NuffieldFound
— The Rights Track (@RightsTrack) December 10, 2015
Our first episode is an interview with Chris Fariss, Professor of Political Science of Pennsylvania State University. In it we discuss human rights are better protected today than three decades ago. Chris has developed a new way of looking at how respect for human rights has changed over time, and how current measures can into account a rising ‘standard of accountability’ about human rights. Chris is strongly of the view, supported by his new analysis of existing measures of human rights, that the protection of civil and political rights has actually improved over the last thirty years. This might surprise some of our listeners, but his explanation is compelling, and well worth the listen.
Our next two guests will discuss who tortures and why and whether or not NGOs matter for advancing human rights. While each has used different research methods, they are both curious and passionate about the state of human rights in the world.
So, on this International Human Rights Day, this passionate human rights researcher is delighted to launch The Rights Track. Through podcasting I hope you get a different perspective on human rights and learn from the cutting of edge of today’s research in the field. You will learn about why people are doing this research, how they carry out their research, what the find, and why what they find really matters for the world.
Note: This article gives the views of the author, and not the position of the LSE Impact blog, nor of the London School of Economics. Please review our Comments Policy if you have any concerns on posting a comment below.
Professor Todd Landman is Professor of Political Science and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Nottingham. He was previously Professor of Government (2009-2015) and Executive Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Essex (2013-2015), and has held a variety of academic and leadership roles at the University of Essex since 1993, before joining the University of Nottingham on 1st September 2015. He is author of numerous books and articles on development, democracy and human rights, as well as comparative political methodology. He has carried out a large number of international consultancies for governments, NGOs, and inter-governmental agencies.
Posted In: Academic communication | Knowledge transfer | Podcasting
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Podcast and presentation slides now available from Social Science in the Public Sphere: Riots, Class and Impact
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The Key to Solving the World’s Most Pressing Problems
It was in late 2014 that I fully committed myself to producing a 30-minute documentary on the US’s food disparity problem. Admittedly—and I am saying this for the first time—the topic wasn’t my first choice, and I felt a tinge of regret in settling for it.
Don’t get me wrong: The US does indeed have a food disparity problem—45 million Americans were food insecure, or one step away from hunger, in 2014—and it was a topic about which I was passionate.
But there was a broader, more pressing issue I was hoping to cover, one that had endeared itself to me: the global hunger problem.
It’s hard not to be affected by this issue, or to at least be sympathetic: 795 million people are food insecure, around 1.5 million children die every year from poor nutrition, and one in four of the world’s children is stunted. There’s also the very real possibility that this problem could worsen: resources like fertile land and water are already stretched thin, yet it is estimated that food production will have to increase by 70 percent to feed a global population that will grow by 2 billion in the next 30 years.
I mention this because it gives essential context to understanding the importance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—goals that I hope everyone is aware of (or at least soon will be by reading on).
The SDGs are the more ambitious follow up to the moderately successful Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which laid out a 15-year time-frame for achieving 8 specified goals—goals that ranged from eradicating global poverty and hunger to ensuring access to clean water to improving infant mortality, among others—by 2015. (I say moderately because, while the results look great on paper, most of gains were the result of one country’s economic development: China. One can see the full results of the MDGs here.)
The SDGs, adopted last September, lay out 17 goals and 169 targets to be reached by 2030. Some will admittedly be difficult to achieve—ending world hunger, for instance—but the intent and effort are what count, and these goals will certainly result in a better tomorrow.
The reason, you ask? The full embrace of the idea of collective impact and the recognition of the important role of data collection and sharing.
The independent, multi-stakeholder Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data (GPSDD) initiative epitomizes the above: governments, corporations and nongovernment organizations harnessing the power of data to help achieve the SDGs.
The possibilities and benefits of collecting and making sense of more data from more sources, with the added benefit of more collaboration among stakeholders, are—please excuse the hyperbole—nearly endless. This is especially true when you’re dealing with something as massive and data-rich as global goals that tackle the world’s most pressing problems.
To break it down in its simplest, most basic form, more data equals more information, which leads to better insight and more effective decision making. Data is the foundation on which all good policy is based; it is a necessary tool in the fight against the world’s most tenacious problems. (For a breakdown of specific examples of data’s usefulness, check out this brief e-book from SAP.)
When I set out in 2014 to raise awareness about food insecurity in the US, I was merely one person tackling one issue. The effort to achieve the SDGs instead symbolizes collaboration and the pooling of resources in its highest form: corporations, governments, and nongovernment organizations all working together, doing what they do best, to solve the world’s most pressing issues. While this is no guarantee of success, it is a crucial piece of the puzzle. Without it, the SDGs would certainly fail. With it, there are reasons to be optimistic, and to look hopefully forward to a better tomorrow.
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Numbers 26Numbers 28
Numbers 27 Living Bible (TLB)
27 1-2 One day the daughters of Zelophehad came to the entrance of the Tabernacle to give a petition to Moses, Eleazar the priest, the tribal leaders, and others who were there. The names of these women were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. They were members of the half-tribe of Manasseh (a son of Joseph). Their ancestor was Machir, son of Manasseh. Manasseh’s son Gilead was their great-grandfather, his son Hepher was their grandfather, and his son Zelophehad was their father.
3-4 “Our father died in the wilderness,” they said, “and he was not one of those who perished in Korah’s revolt against the Lord—it was a natural death, but he had no sons. Why should the name of our father disappear just because he had no son? We feel that we should be given property along with our father’s brothers.”
5 So Moses brought their case before the Lord.
6-7 And the Lord replied to Moses, “The daughters of Zelophehad are correct. Give them land along with their uncles; give them the property that would have been given to their father if he had lived. 8 Moreover, this is a general law among you, that if a man dies and has no sons, then his inheritance shall be passed on to his daughters. 9 And if he has no daughter, it shall belong to his brothers. 10 And if he has no brother, then it shall go to his uncles. 11 But if he has no uncles, then it shall go to the nearest relative.”
12 One day the Lord said to Moses, “Go up into Mount Abarim and look across the river to the land I have given to the people of Israel. 13 After you have seen it, you shall die as Aaron your brother did, 14 for you rebelled against my instructions in the wilderness of Zin. When the people of Israel rebelled, you did not glorify me[a] before them by following my instructions to order water to come out of the rock.” He was referring to the incident at the waters of Meribah (“Place of Strife”) in Kadesh, in the wilderness of Zin.
15 Then Moses said to the Lord, 16 “O Jehovah, the God of the spirits of all mankind, before I am taken away[b] please appoint a new leader for the people, 17 a man who will lead them into battle and care for them, so that the people of the Lord will not be as sheep without a shepherd.”
18 The Lord replied, “Go and get Joshua (son of Nun), who has the Spirit in him, 19 and take him to Eleazar the priest, and as all the people watch, charge him with the responsibility of leading the people. 20 Publicly give him your authority so that all the people of Israel will obey him. 21 He shall be the one to consult with Eleazar the priest in order to get directions from the Lord. The Lord will speak to Eleazar through the use of the Urim, and Eleazar will pass on these instructions to Joshua and the people. In this way the Lord will continue to give them guidance.”
22 So Moses did as Jehovah commanded and took Joshua to Eleazar the priest. As the people watched, 23 Moses laid his hands upon him and dedicated him to his responsibilities, as the Lord had commanded.
Numbers 27:14 you did not glorify me, implied.
Numbers 27:16 before I am taken away, implied.
Living Bible (TLB)
The Living Bible copyright © 1971 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers Inc., Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Numbers 27 New International Version (NIV)
Zelophehad’s Daughters
27 The daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Makir, the son of Manasseh, belonged to the clans of Manasseh son of Joseph. The names of the daughters were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milkah and Tirzah. They came forward 2 and stood before Moses, Eleazar the priest, the leaders and the whole assembly at the entrance to the tent of meeting and said, 3 “Our father died in the wilderness. He was not among Korah’s followers, who banded together against the Lord, but he died for his own sin and left no sons. 4 Why should our father’s name disappear from his clan because he had no son? Give us property among our father’s relatives.”
5 So Moses brought their case before the Lord, 6 and the Lord said to him, 7 “What Zelophehad’s daughters are saying is right. You must certainly give them property as an inheritance among their father’s relatives and give their father’s inheritance to them.
8 “Say to the Israelites, ‘If a man dies and leaves no son, give his inheritance to his daughter. 9 If he has no daughter, give his inheritance to his brothers. 10 If he has no brothers, give his inheritance to his father’s brothers. 11 If his father had no brothers, give his inheritance to the nearest relative in his clan, that he may possess it. This is to have the force of law for the Israelites, as the Lord commanded Moses.’”
Joshua to Succeed Moses
12 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go up this mountain in the Abarim Range and see the land I have given the Israelites. 13 After you have seen it, you too will be gathered to your people, as your brother Aaron was, 14 for when the community rebelled at the waters in the Desert of Zin, both of you disobeyed my command to honor me as holy before their eyes.” (These were the waters of Meribah Kadesh, in the Desert of Zin.)
15 Moses said to the Lord, 16 “May the Lord, the God who gives breath to all living things, appoint someone over this community 17 to go out and come in before them, one who will lead them out and bring them in, so the Lord’s people will not be like sheep without a shepherd.”
18 So the Lord said to Moses, “Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom is the spirit of leadership,[a] and lay your hand on him. 19 Have him stand before Eleazar the priest and the entire assembly and commission him in their presence. 20 Give him some of your authority so the whole Israelite community will obey him. 21 He is to stand before Eleazar the priest, who will obtain decisions for him by inquiring of the Urim before the Lord. At his command he and the entire community of the Israelites will go out, and at his command they will come in.”
22 Moses did as the Lord commanded him. He took Joshua and had him stand before Eleazar the priest and the whole assembly. 23 Then he laid his hands on him and commissioned him, as the Lord instructed through Moses.
Numbers 27:18 Or the Spirit
Numbers 27:1 : 27:1-11pp — Nu 36:1-12
Numbers 27:1 : S Nu 26:33
Numbers 27:1 : Jos 17:2, 3
Numbers 27:1 : S Ge 50:23; 1Ch 2:21
Numbers 27:2 : S Nu 9:6
Numbers 27:2 : Nu 1:16; 31:13; 32:2; 36:1
Numbers 27:2 : Ex 40:2, 17
Numbers 27:3 : Nu 26:65
Numbers 27:3 : Nu 16:2
Numbers 27:5 : S Ge 25:22; S Ex 18:19
Numbers 27:7 : Job 42:15
Numbers 27:7 : ver 8; Jos 17:4
Numbers 27:11 : Nu 35:29
Numbers 27:12 : Nu 33:47; Jer 22:20
Numbers 27:12 : Dt 3:23-27; 32:48-52
Numbers 27:12 : S Lev 14:34
Numbers 27:13 : Nu 20:12; 31:2; Dt 4:22; 31:14; 32:50; 1Ki 2:1
Numbers 27:14 : S Nu 20:1, 2-5
Numbers 27:14 : S Nu 20:12
Numbers 27:14 : S Ex 17:7
Numbers 27:16 : S Nu 16:22; S Job 21:20
Numbers 27:17 : 1Ki 22:17; 2Ch 18:16; Eze 34:5; Zec 10:2; S Mt 9:36
Numbers 27:18 : S Ge 41:38; Nu 11:25-29
Numbers 27:18 : ver 23; Dt 34:9; Ac 6:6
Numbers 27:19 : ver 23; Dt 3:28; 31:14, 23
Numbers 27:19 : Dt 31:7
Numbers 27:20 : Jos 1:16, 17
Numbers 27:21 : S Ge 25:22; Jos 9:14; Ps 106:13; Isa 8:19; Hag 1:13; Mal 2:7; 3:1
Numbers 27:21 : S Ex 28:30
Numbers 27:23 : S ver 19
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Military Ribbon Colors
NATALIE WOODHURST
Individuals and units receive awards for special accomplishments in the military. Often these decorations are ribbons that are typically displayed on the left side of the coat. Each ribbon has its own color scheme and design. The military awards ribbons for everything from achievements, commendations and merit to specific awards for when and where the military person served.
Where to Place Ribbons
What the Colors Stand For
Ribbon Precedence
Current Ribbon Colors
1 Where to Place Ribbons
The military has very specific requirements for the display of ribbons on a uniform. They are to be parallel to the ground, directly in the center between the seam of the arm and the lapel over the left breast pocket of the coat. Medals and ribbons are worn on the dress and semi-formal uniforms only. Placing them on the service coat is essential; they cannot be worn on the overcoat or any other part of the uniform. Medals and ribbons are not to be mixed.
2 What the Colors Stand For
Ribbons all have very specific color schemes with precise measurements. Some of the colors used on ribbons are Old Glory Red, Scarlet, Golden Yellow, Chamois, Imperial Blue, Old Glory Blue, Myrtle Green, Crimson, black and white. Red, white and blue together represent the United States. Green can stand for unity, but in the Iraq Campaign Medal, it represents the traditional color of Islam. Often, ribbons are composed of colors that make up the flag of the country where the fighting took place.
3 Ribbon Precedence
Some ribbons hold precedence over others but generally they are worn in the order in which received. There can be no space between ribbons, and the rack should be in even rows. The highest award in the military is the Medal of Honor, which is a blue ribbon with five white stars in the shape of an “M.” The Medal of Honor is worn around the neck. In order of importance, the next award is a Distinguished Service Cross, which has a red line and a white line on each end, with 1 inch of blue filling the rest. Next is the Distinguished Service Medal, which has a red line and a blue line on the edges with a white band in the center.
4 Current Ribbon Colors
The current ribbons being awarded for serving during a time of war include the Iraq Campaign Medal which has a red line, a white line, a green line and another white line on either side of a band of chamois. The Afghanistan Campaign Medal has a green line, a red line, a black line and a white line on either side of red, white and blue lines in the center.
1 U.S. Air Force: Dress and Personal Appearance Instructions, AFI 36-2903
Natalie Woodhurst is a U.S. Air Force Veteran, former mental-health professional and ISSA Nationally Certified Fitness Trainer who began writing in 2010. Her enthusiasm for fitness and entertainment comes through when writing for various websites. Woodhurst is currently continuing her education in performance nutrition and fitness therapy.
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Clemson Baseball
Clemson Baseball Weekly Wrapup
CLEMSON BASEBALL WEEKLY WRAPUP(Week of May 6-12, 2013)
Clemson UniversityOverall Season Record: 37-15ACC Regular-Season Record: 17-10
Last Week: 7-0Mon. W, Home vs. Maryland, 3-2 (Game 1)Mon. W, Home vs. Maryland, 9-5 (Game 2)Wed. W, Away* vs. Furman, 14-2 (Game 1)Wed. W, Away* vs. Furman, 12-2 (Game 2)Fri. W, Home vs. Georgia Southern, 7-1Sat. W, Home vs. Georgia Southern, 7-0Sun. W, Home vs. Georgia Southern, 11-6* – Fluor Field
Next WeekTue. Home vs. USC Upstate, 6:30 PMThu. Away vs. Florida State, 6:00 PMFri. Away vs. Florida State, 8:00 PM (ESPNU)Sat. Away vs. Florida State, 3:00 PM (ESPNU)
Last Week’s Game Notes & RecapsClemson, ranked as high as #15 in the nation, went 7-0 in seven games this past week. It marked the first time since 1994 that Clemson won seven games in a seven-day stretch. Clemson finished the Maryland series on Monday with a doubleheader sweep at home, then the Tigers swept Furman in a doubleheader at Fluor Field in Greenville, SC on Wednesday. Then over the weekend, Clemson swept Georgia Southern in a three-game series at home.
On the week, the Tigers outscored the opposition 63-18 and batted .349 with a .432 slugging percentage and .460 on-base percentage. They also totaled 10 doubles, three triples, one homer, 44 walks and eight hit-by-pitches against only 36 strikeouts, and 20 stolen bases. Clemson fielded at a .972 clip as well.
Shane Kennedy led Clemson at the plate by going 12-for-24 (.500) with a triple, homer, six RBIs, 10 runs, four walks, and five steals. Steve Wilkerson went 11-for-24 (.458) with three doubles, one triple, seven RBIs, nine runs, 10 walks, a .618 on-base percentage, and one steal. Jon McGibbon went 10-for-22 (.455) with one double, nine RBIs, seven runs, four walks, and one steal, while Thomas Brittle went 8-for-19 (.421) with one double, seven RBIs, six runs, and three steals.
The Tiger pitching staff had a 1.57 ERA and .220 opponents’ batting average on the week. The staff also allowed 50 hits and 24 walks with 48 strikeouts in 63.0 innings pitched.
In two starts, Matthew Crownover earned two wins. In 13.0 innings pitched, the freshman lefthander allowed just seven hits, no runs, and four walks with 10 strikeouts. Fellow freshman lefty Zack Erwin also recorded two wins in two starts.
Clemson won the final two games against Maryland at Doug Kingsmore Stadium on May 6 to win the series 2-1. Both teams scored 14 runs in the series, while the Terrapins outhit the Tigers .288 to .236. McGibbon led the Tigers by going 3-for-7 (.429) with three RBIs, while Kennedy and Wilkerson both totaled four hits in the series. The Tiger pitching staff had a 2.67 ERA and 17 strikeouts against eight walks.
In game-two on May 6, which was the first game of a doubleheader, Scott Firth struck out two batters with the bases loaded in the ninth inning to preserve Clemson’s 3-2 win over Maryland. The Tigers scored two runs in the sixth inning to take a 3-1 lead, then Maryland scored a run in the eighth inning to cut Clemson’s lead in half. But Firth worked out of a jam in the ninth inning to record the save, while Erwin earned the victory in his first career ACC start by allowing only one run on five hits in 6.0 innings pitched. Wilkerson and McGibbon both had two hits to lead the Tigers, who were outhit 10-5.
In game-three on May 6, which was the second game of a doubleheader, Clemson scored four runs in the first inning on its way to a 9-5 win over Maryland. The Tigers scored a run in the sixth inning to build an 8-0 lead before Maryland took advantage of two Tiger errors to score five runs in the seventh inning. But Matt Campbell pitched 2.0 scoreless innings to record the save. Crownover pitched 6.0 scoreless innings of four-hit ball to earn the victory. Five different Tigers had two hits apiece to lead Clemson’s 12-hit attack.
Clemson swept Furman in a doubleheader by a combined score of 26-4 at Fluor Field on May 8. The Tigers outhit the Paladins .389 to .197 and totaled 28 hits, 18 walks, three hit-by-pitches, a .516 on-base percentage, and 12 steals. McGibbon went 5-for-6 with a double, four RBIs, five runs, two walks, and one steal. Wilkerson went 5-for-8 with a double, triple, five RBIs, two runs, and four walks. Kennedy went 4-for-7 with a homer, two RBIs, four runs, one walk, and four steals. Brittle, Maleeke Gibson, and Steven Duggar also added four hits apiece. The Tiger pitching staff had an 0.50 ERA and allowed just one earned run and 13 hits with 15 strikeouts.
In game-one on May 8, which was the first game of a doubleheader, Clemson scored six runs in the seventh inning on its way to a 14-2 win over Furman. The Tigers outhit the Paladins 14-2 and were led by Wilkerson, who went 3-for-4 with a double, triple, four RBIs, and two walks. Kennedy and Brittle added three hits apiece, while Gibson and Duggar totaled three RBIs apiece. In his first career start away from home, Brody Koerner allowed just one hit and no runs with seven strikeouts in 6.0 innings pitched to earn the victory.
In game-two on May 8, which was the second game of a doubleheader, Clemson broke open a close game with four runs in the sixth inning in its 12-2 win over Furman. McGibbon went 4-for-4 with three RBIs and two runs in Clemson’s 14-hit attack. Kennedy added a solo homer, three runs, and three of the Tigers’ seven steals in the game. Kyle Schnell pitched 2.1 perfect innings in relief with two strikeouts to earn the win. Schnell and Jackson Campana combined to hold Furman hitless and scoreless over the last four innings.
Clemson swept Georgia Southern by a combined score of 25-7 at Doug Kingsmore Stadium from May 10-12. The Tigers outhit the Eagles .357 to .204 and totaled four doubles, one triple, 17 walks against only 16 strikeouts, and seven stolen bases. Garrett Boulware went 6-for-10 with four RBIs and five runs, while Kennedy went 5-for-10 with a triple, three RBIs, three runs, and two walks. The Tiger pitching staff had a 2.00 ERA and 24 strikeouts, while the Clemson defense committed just one error in the series.
In game-one on May 10, Daniel Gossett struck out 12 batters to lead Clemson to a 7-1 win over Georgia Southern. In 7.1 innings pitched, Gossett allowed just two hits, one run, and two walks with 12 strikeouts to earn the victory. Three Tiger relievers combined to pitch 1.2 scoreless innings to close out the game. Clemson scored three runs in the fourth inning to take a 4-0 lead and cruised the rest of the way. Boulware and Mike Triller both went 2-for-3 with two RBIs, while Kennedy went 2-for-2 with two of Clemson’s nine walks in the game.
In game-two on May 11, Crownover, Patrick Andrews, and Campana combined on a four-hit shutout in Clemson’s 7-0 win over Georgia Southern. Crownover allowed just three hits, no runs, and three walks with eight strikeouts in 7.0 innings pitched to earn the win, then Andrews and Campana each pitched a scoreless inning to close out the game. No Eagle baserunner advanced past second base in the game. Duggar went 3-for-4 to lead Clemson’s 12-hit attack, while Boulware, Kennedy, and Tyler Krieger added two hits apiece.
In game-three on May 12, Clemson pounded out 14 hits in its 11-6 win over Georgia Southern. The Tigers scored five runs in the second inning to take a 5-1 lead and never looked back. Five different Tigers had two hits apiece, as Gibson went 2-for-4 with a double, two RBIs, and two runs. Krieger went 2-for-4 with two RBIs as well. Tiger batters combined to walk five times against only two walks. Erwin tossed 5.0 innings to earn the win, then four Tiger relievers each pitched an inning to close out the game.
2013 Season NotesClemson has a 37-15 overall record and 17-10 ACC mark on the season. Thanks to its current seven-game winning streak, Clemson has won 21 of its last 25 games after starting the season 16-11.
The Tigers enter Monday a half game behind Florida State (17-9) and percentage points behind N.C. State (16-9) in the ACC Atlantic Division standings. North Carolina leads the overall ACC standings with a 20-5 mark, while the Tigers are in fifth place in the overall ACC standings.
The Tigers, who are averaging 5.7 runs per game, are hitting .283 with a .365 slugging percentage and .366 on-base percentage thanks to 224 walks and 24 hit-by-pitches. The team has totaled 73 doubles, 14 triples, 15 homers, and 91 stolen bases.
Shane Kennedy leads the team in batting average (.326), runs (40), triples (4), walks (32), and on-base percentage (.419) along with totaling four homers, 30 RBIs, and 16 steals. Garrett Boulware is hitting .314 with seven homers and 43 RBIs, while Steve Wilkerson is hitting .307 with 15 doubles and nine steals.
The pitching staff has a 2.88 ERA and .257 opponents’ batting average in 472.0 innings pitched this season. It has allowed 461 hits and 165 walks with 340 strikeouts, good for a 2.06 strikeout-to-walk ratio.
Freshman lefthander Matthew Crownover leads the staff with a 7-1 record and 1.90 ERA in 61.2 innings pitched over 13 appearances (12 starts). Sophomore righty Daniel Gossett is 8-3 with a 2.36 ERA and 80 strikeouts in 80.0 innings pitched. Scott Firth has a 2.48 ERA and four saves, while Matt Campbell has a team-high seven saves.
The Tigers will conclude their regular-season schedule with four games next week. Clemson will play its final regular-season home game on Tuesday night against USC Upstate, then the Tigers will travel to Tallahassee, FL to take on Florida State in a three-game series from Thursday to Saturday.
2021 Schedule Announced
Clemson Athletics Receives State Approval for Spring Sports Venues
Sharpe Named Preseason First-Team All-American
Tigers No. 25 in Collegiate Baseball Preseason Ranking
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Strengthening Our Partnership With The European Union
THE WHITE HOUSE AT WORK
Today, in Lisbon, Portugal, President Clinton held a summit with Portugal's Prime Minister Antonio Guterres and European Union Commission President Romano Prodi. New agreements between the U.S. and EU were announced, including a protocol which will simplify international trademark registration; establishment of a forum to study the benefits and risks of biotechnology; a safe-harbor data privacy accord to help U.S. businesses comply with European privacy laws; and a response to the critical global infectious disease threats of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis.
Reaching Agreement on Trademark Registration. The U.S. and the EU have reached an agreement that will simplify international trademark registration. Under the agreement, U.S. companies will no longer be required to register their trademarks in individual EU-member states. Instead, they will:
Be able to file a single application, valid in all participating EU-member countries and other participating states;
Pay a single fee, saving hundreds of millions of dollars on registering and amending trademarks; and
Greatly reduce waiting periods for processing of trademark registration applications.
Establishing a Forum on Biotechnology. Lack of European public confidence in food safety has led to a standstill on approval of biotech foods, which is undermining progress on food security in developing nations, causing uncertainty in world markets, and harming U.S. farm exports. Today, the U.S. and the EU agreed to establish a consultative forum to study the benefits and risks of biotechnology and issue a report for the December 2000 U.S.-EU Summit. The forum will include scientists, ethicists, environmentalists, farmers, and consumers who will look at factors such as the food security needs of developing countries, food safety, health, and the environment.
Protecting Consumers' Privacy. In October 1998, the EU enacted a sweeping privacy law that prohibits the transfer of personal data to the U.S and other countries that do not meet EU's privacy protection standards. Today, the U.S. and the EU agreed to a "safe harbor" Data Privacy Accord that will protect consumers' privacy, maintain data flow, and create the right environment for e-commerce. The accord will enable the EU to certify that participating U.S. companies meet the EU requirement for privacy protection, thereby helping U.S. organizations comply with the EU privacy law and preventing the potential disruption of approximately $120 billion in U.S.-EU trade.
Fighting Infectious Diseases. Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, causing nearly half of all deaths among people under age 45. HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis together kill over 5 million people worldwide each year. The U.S. and the EU today announced a joint response to these infectious diseases, including:
Seeking increased government and private-sector resources for combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and TB;
Supporting an increase in World Bank and regional development bank resources devoted to health care;
Encouraging poor countries to use funds made available under the Cologne Debt Relief Initiative to build health systems and combat infectious diseases; and
Developing new incentives and partnerships to make drugs and vaccines more available and affordable.
The Importance of the U.S.-EU Partnership. The U.S. relationship with the EU is vital to American and European prosperity, our common values, and global security and stability:
The EU is the United States' largest trading partner and largest investment partner. This two-way trade supports a total of more than six million jobs in the U.S. and the EU. European companies are the number one investors in 41 of 50 U.S. states, and number two in the remaining nine;
The U.S. and the EU share a commitment to democratic values, human rights, rule of law, and free markets;
EU diplomatic and financial support have assisted U.S. efforts in bringing stability and prosperity to areas including Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Bosnia, Albania, and Central Africa. Together, the U.S. and EU provide 90 percent of the humanitarian aid in the world.
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Remembering the Tangshan earthquake
Video July 29, 2016 China Icons 3 Comments
July 28th 2016 is the 40th anniversary of one of the most devastating natural events to hit the world in modern times. A shallow earthquake of magnitude 7.8 struck China. Though felt across 14 Chinese provinces, it was in the city of Tangshan, not far from Beijing, that the effects were most severe. It was an industrial city of a million people and when the earthquake struck at midnight, the city was sleeping. Within a matter of moments hospitals, dormitories, factories, housing blocks were reduced to rubble. The official death toll was 242,000 dead and 164,000 severely injured.
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Twenty years after the earthquake, in 1996, I was part of a team that travelled to Tangshan to make a documentary about the earthquake for viewers in the US and UK. Our focus was very much on the science of earthquakes – why this earthquake was so unusual and so devastating, and whether earthquakes can ever be predicted in a way that is useful for communities living in earthquake zones.
But what I remember most about Tangshan was meeting the people who had lived through the earthquake; how those few seconds had changed their lives and how they had worked to rebuild their lives and their community in the years that followed. We met a music professor in his 50s, who had written a symphony inspired by his experiences, and who played the theme for us, with passion and emotion, on an upright piano in his small living room. On the day before the earthquake, his family had moved house – a reward for his first wife’s commitment and skill as a teacher. Exhausted from a day of moving possessions and furniture, he had fallen asleep early, with his two children, one on either side. Only he survived that night. His wife and children died in the rubble of their new home. As the music ended, and we all sat silent, tears in our eyes, the professor’s wife appeared in the doorway with a giant cake. It was the birthday of one of the crew, and they wanted to celebrate the moment with us.
The next day we filmed Mr Wang, an unassuming man in his early forties who, on the day of the earthquake, had been in hospital. His young wife – her name meant “Golden Phoenix” – had come to keep him company there and, as the bed next to his was empty, she’d lain down to catch some sleep. When the earthquake struck, the hospital building collapsed and she was pinned down by concrete and girders where she lay. Wang tried desperately to reach her. He moved plaster and masonry with his bare hands but eventually he couldn’t move anything more. They could just touch the tips of their fingers through a crack in the rubble. Gradually, as day dawned, and then darkness fell; and then another day dawned, and another night fell, all the voices in the ward fell silent, including that of his beloved Golden Phoenix. On the eighth day, Wang heard the sounds of rescuers digging nearby and summoning all his strength he shouted out to them that he was still alive. He was the last survivor to be pulled alive from the wreckage of Tangshan.
In the months and years after the earthquake, the authorities acted as matchmaker for the thousands of widows, and widowers in the city, men like the professor and Mr Wang; and tried to find foster parents for the thousands of orphaned children.
Mr Wang took us to an atmospheric place – a factory building, left exactly as it was the day of the earthquake, a ghostly place of twisted girders, fallen masonry and broken walls. In the centre of Tangshan we filmed survivors at a memorial to those who died; and as dusk fell, we filmed as families came out into the open square around it to relax. Small children clutched balloons; fathers and sons flew kites. Today the city has been rebuilt and there’s an impressive new memorial, a snaking wall with the thousands of names of those who died engraved on it. On Qing Ming it is hung with flowers.
We went to many places when we were making that science series, places all over the world where people had suffered terrible natural disasters – volcanic eruptions, tsunami, hurricanes, tornadoes. But Tangshan seemed different. It felt to me as if the people there had taken a very dignified decision: they refused to pretend this enormous tragedy hadn’t struck their community – but equally, they refused to let themselves been defined or destroyed by it.
Chinaearthquakenatural disastertangshan earthquake
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3 thoughts on “Remembering the Tangshan earthquake”
backpackingchina says:
This is a very insightful blog post. Thank you for sharing your experiences. Would you mind telling me what documentary where you working at the time? Is it available online?
chinaiconsvideos says:
It was a segment for the series “Savage Earth” made for PBS/WNET in the US and ITV in the UK. I’m not sure if it’s available online at all.
We also filmed in 1998 about earthquake prediction for a programme for Channel 4 in the UK and Discovery called A sense of Disaster, where we especially looked at the Chinese research into earthquake prediction, which I might blog about on another occasion. What’s your particular interest in Tangshan?
I recently heard some stories about the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and afterwards read your post. It moved me so I was interested to learn more. I will try to search online for it, thank you
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<a href="http://icebreakermusic.bandcamp.com/album/terminal-velocity" data-mce-href="http://icebreakermusic.bandcamp.com/album/terminal-velocity">Terminal Velocity by Icebreaker</a>
Since the formation of Icebreaker in 1989 critics have searched hard for a label to attach to the band and its music. Icebreaker's frenetic energy, visceral but undanceable rhythms, searing virtuosity, confrontational, blasting volume and dynamic stage presence have all contributed to a musical image which cuts across established categories.
De Snelheid (which means 'velocity') sets out, Louis Andriessen says, to explore how the idea of speed can be conveyed in musical terms. The relentless ticking of woodblocks throughout the work provides an accelerating pulse against which to measure the essentially unchanging speed of the musical material. Icebreaker's problem was how to render the three large orchestral groups of the original with only fourteen musicians (although in this recording two extra percussionists have been added): in this respect amplification is crucial in recreating the immediacy and impact of Andriessen's orchestral sound. Of the three groups it is the third (here alto flute, cello, bass guitar, keyboard and percussion) that eventually holds sway. Although providing the long-drawn-out melody at the beginning, it seems most of the time rather the underdog: its importance really lies beneath the surface, being, as Andriessen describes it, 'the lungs which power the work's breath.'
Much of Michael Gordon's Yo Shakespeare uses three independent lines, each with their own quite different meter. The resulting rhythmic texture begs the question of where the 'real' pulse is to be found: it appears to flicker between the instrumental groups depending on where one focuses attention. In performance this creates the amusing situation of the musicians bopping in time with the music as they read it from the page but apparently out of time with the music itself. The result is a new kind of rhythmic exuberance close to rock music; a way of composing that comes from popular music but is not about it. Regarding the title Gordon explains: 'I have a friend from high school who can't really get into my sort of music. When he calls me he greets me on the phone with, 'Yo Shakespeare.' I think he tags on the Shakespeare reference because Shakespeare is simply the only cultural figure that he is aware of at all. I think this maybe says something about American culture in general.'
By contrast, The Archangel Trip and Slow Movement take us into the realms of texture and harmony, pointing up underplayed strengths in Icebreaker's approach. The gently modal feel and the rhythmic regularity of Gavin Bryars's work offers something authentically in his own voice, rather than something that attempts to meet Icebreaker even half way: the piece stands, the composer says, rather like a gentle ballad in the middle of a jazz concert, something that sets Icebreaker's other things in sharper relief. The title is a pun inspired by a film about two Russian icebreakers that ply the seas north of the former Soviet Union, cutting through the ice. Their home port is the northwestern town of Archangel, on the Dvina River. The two vessels cross from the Asian side to the European side in a rather fruitless way, meeting once in a while in an uncharted area. Bryars thought of the piece analogously as a musical journey: changes of texture stem less from the rather frozen instrumental colours than from harmonic change, which has the effect of providing punctuation rather than genuine direction.
David Lang remarks that one of the qualities that attracts him most in Icebreaker's playing is its 'edgy concentration.' His piece Slow Movement stems from a wish to invent another sort of music for them to apply that edge to. He describes the piece as a musical object, dirty, messy, ominous: a giant invention, rather unsettling in the way it slowly draws the listener in. Lang admits it was rather ironic he should have produced a piece like Slow Movement in response to the invitation to write for Icebreaker. But as he says, what kind of music do you give to your friends? Sometimes you give them what they want; sometimes you give them what they didn't know they wanted until you gave it. Icebreaker as a whole thrive on being given pieces that they didn't know they wanted, music that stretches their musicianship and their instrumental skills even further. In the space of only five years they have established themselves as a permanent fixture on the international circuit, dedicated to encouraging new repertory and collaborating with composers on the realisation of new projects.
Louis Andriessen
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7 Distressing Challenges at Work To Embrace
It is easy to understand why most people long for constants. They are predictable, steady, and safe. At work, you spend a lot of time figuring out where your place is and what is expected of you. It is always easier to stay where you are and do what you always do. But how long are you going to stay in one place? Doesn’t it get boring sometimes?
The workplace is full of challenges. Yes, issues present themselves every day but maybe you chose to not have anything to do with them. But in order to achieve career growth, you must be ready to take on these challenges and risk failure, losing control, and even looking stupid. We are creatures of habit but if you want to have a successful career, challenges that come with change and uncertainty are not only necessary, they are also inevitable.
It is natural for people to associate challenges with fear. Dr. Tamar Chansky, author of Freeing Yourself from Anxiety says changes at work are among life’s top stressors. This is because most people thrive in the familiar, in routines, and in their comfort zones. A minor modification in the job description will get most employees worried and anxious. Instead of rising up to the challenge, they question it. But if you want more out of the job that you do, you have to remind yourself that among the attitudes to become successful is to be fearless. Embrace these work challenges, learn, and have fun. Here is a list of common challenges in the workplace that you should face head on.
It’s a promotion! Hooray?
How can you decline a promotion? You worked hard for it and your managers think you deserve it. Everybody else wants it. Or do they? Do you?
Debra Benton, author of How to Act Like a CEO, surveyed 100 managers and asked why employees would say “no, thank you” to a career upgrade. Their answers were pretty much expected. A lot of employees feel that taking a promotion would mean greater responsibilities and longer hours, thus taking away more hours from their family. Some feel fulfilled where they are, or they feel they aren’t equipped to take on the job, they fear failure. Still others do not like the job offer and the stress, and new boss that come with it.
A promotion does mean greater responsibilities. But it is the only way that you can experience career success. This career transition allows you to understand success at a new level. A promotion will teach you new skills like delegating, mentoring, leading, and sharing. It is important to know what you are getting into and must do a careful evaluation of how your responsibilities will change. Think it through with everyone who might likely be affected — your old team, your kids, and your partner. Know that it won’t be easy but that it could be everything you’ve ever wanted.
Is that the new boss?
A new boss is always a deal breaker. Sometimes, it is an even bigger deal than the job itself. A Gallup study found that half of the employees included in the study have left a job because of horrible bosses. In short, most employees do not actually quit their jobs but they quit their bosses. So what if one day an announcement said you have to report to a new boss? While it is normal to panic and be anxious, try to calm yourself down. You need to be a positive person if you want to be successful. Stop visualizing Meryl Streep in Devil Wears Prada. Take this as a chance to start fresh. Take this challenge and find ways to be better. Going through a new phase like this shows your flexibility, adaptability, and how good you are as a team player. A new boss means new experiences, new things to learn, and new challenges to overcome. And who knows, you might just find yourself a new mentor who will help you achieve career growth.
There’s a new kid in town
There will always be new faces in the workplace. They could be a welcome addition or a threat. It is okay to feel like a brand new competition just walked through the door. Competition can be a good thing. Diversity is also a good thing. A workplace of different backgrounds and orientations, experienced employees and newbies, young and old, different race and color, and varying beliefs, etc. is a workplace that is full of opportunities. This is a workplace that drives innovation, adapts quickly, and thrives in creativity, mutual understanding, and an open mind. There may be challenges like varying viewpoints, getting things done together and working as a team, but nothing that can’t be conquered with respect.
The schedule challenge
Call center agents know the schedule challenge all too well. They work on shifts. This could really be life-changing in the sense that even your body clock has to adjust. Time with loved ones may also be affected. But you must sit down and consider the benefits that come with every shift. Let’s talk about the night shift, for example. That one is tough, but think about the higher pay, lighter traffic, and the long hours you have during the day. It is also an opportunity to meet more people and be part of different teams at work.
Relocation, anyone?
This one is a little bit more complicated than schedule. What if you are asked to be part of another team in another city, or even country? Before you go crazy, relax and think it through. Maybe an opportunity is presenting itself. If you have to spend the next six months in another city, you can think about it as work and vacation. How often does that happen? A new place means a fresh beginning, new opportunities, and new experiences. It’s like going on a trip — you are most likely to come back a better person. This is not just a challenge, this is an adventure.
Technology changes everything
Advances in technology define how work is to be done. Web and teleconferencing, cloud computing and virtual teams are among the many changes brought by technology upgrade in the workplace. It’s cost-efficient and productive. You have to learn how these things work. You really have no choice. You have to upgrade your presentations and at least know the basics in these technologies. A characteristic of a successful person is one who never stops learning.
So you failed. Now what?
Okay, so you did not meet your quota and failed miserably in one project. That is not the end of the world. Failures are part of workplace challenges that you just have to rise above from. Failures should motivate, inspire, and make you better.
Challenges present new opportunities and encourage skills growth. Do not be afraid of it. Have an open mind and try to always be positive. Next time a challenge comes knocking, you welcome it, work on it, and come out a winner.
By Emily Harper
Emily Harper
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Body Imaging Radiologist - Atlantic Health Careers
Atlantic Health System, headquartered in Morristown, New Jersey is a leading non profit healthcare delivery system in New Jersey. The New Jersey network includes: Morristown Medical Center in Morristown, Overlook Medical Center in Summit, Newton Medical Center in Newton, Chilton Medical center in Pompton Plains, Hackettstown Medical Center in Hackettstown, Goryeb Childrens Hospital in Morristown and Atlantic Rehabilitation and Atlantic Home Care and Hospice.
Atlantic Health System aims to deliver a Trusted Network of Caring, and our promise to our communities is that anyone who enters our system will receive the right care, at the right quality, at the right time, at the right place and at the right cost.
We are confident that you will find success within Atlantic Health System, which has been named for the 12th year in a row to Fortunes Top 100 Best U.S. Companies to Work For list. Here, you will find a collaborative culture and quality care that exemplifies the value we place on our patients, their families and our employees.
Comprehensive health benefits packageand competitive salary
Work in establishedpractice
CME & TuitionReimbursement
Work-Life Balance / Flexible Schedule
Live and work within a short drive of New York City, Poconos, Philadelphia, and the Jersey shore
Overlook Medical Center is a 500+ bed teaching hospital with a Radiology Residency Program. We are seeking a Board Certified, Fellowship trained Body Imaging Radiologist that is competent in all aspects of Radiology excluding Nuclear Medicine and Breast Imaging. Experience in Interventional CT preferred . This position combines teaching and patient care.
Board-certified or board-eligible in Radiology
Fellowship trained in Body Imaging is a must
NJ licensed or eligible for licensure in NJ
About Atlantic Health System
We strive for excellence with our patients and each other.We are Atlantic Health System. Atlantic Health System is one of the largest non-profit health care systems in New Jersey, providing a wide array of health care services to the residents of Northern and Central regions of the state as well as Pike County, PA, and southern Orange County, NY. Through our vision, we empower our communities to be the healthiest in the nation.We are comprised of Morristown Medical Center, Overlook Medical Center in Summit, Newton Medical Center, Chilton Medical Center and Goryeb Children’s Hospital – all of which are accredited by The Joint Commission and members of AllSpire Health Partners.Specialty service areas include advanced cardiovascular care, pediatric medical and surgical specialties, neurology, orthopedics and sports medicine. Each of these programs has earned top ratings and recognitions in their respective fields.Atlantic Health System is an affiliate of The Mount Sinai Hospital and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and is the official health care partner of the New York Jets and an official health care provider of the New Jersey Devils.The system has been chosen for the past s...ix consecutive years by FORTUNE® as one of the magazine’s “100 Best Companies to Work For®.” Our organization has also been recognized six times by AARP as one of the “Best Employers for Workers over 50” and was named for a fifth consecutive year as one of Health Care’s Most Wired organizations in the July 2014 issue of Hospitals & Health Networks magazine, the journal of the American Hospital Association.
Connections working at Atlantic Health System
Assistant, Associate or Full Professor of Cardiovascular/Thoracic Radiology Charlottesville, Virginia
University of Virginia Health 3 Weeks Ago
Radiology Registrar Full Time Day Deland, Florida
Radiology Technologist PRN Deland, Florida
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People v. Ontiveros
Full title:THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. ANDRE ONTIVEROS, Defendant and…
Court:COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT DIVISION ONE
B256147 (Cal. Ct. App. May. 7, 2015)
COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT DIVISION ONE
THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. ANDRE ONTIVEROS, Defendant and Appellant.
Robison D. Harley, Jr., for Defendant and Appellant. Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Assistant Attorney General, Scott A. Taryle and Pamela C. Hamanaka, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
CHANEY, J.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. (Los Angeles County Super. Ct. No. VA130459) APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Michael Cowell, Judge. Reversed with directions. Robison D. Harley, Jr., for Defendant and Appellant. Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Assistant Attorney General, Scott A. Taryle and Pamela C. Hamanaka, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Appellant Andre Ontiveros and a friend were involved in a physical altercation with an acquaintance—a cousin of his sometimes-girlfriend—during which Ontiveros stabbed the victim a number of times with a "butterfly" pocket knife. An information was filed charging Ontiveros with assault with a deadly weapon (Pen. Code, § 245, subd. (a)(1)), and alleging that he personally inflicted great bodily injury on the victim (Pen. Code, § 12022.7). Ontiveros pleaded not guilty and denied the great bodily injury allegation. A jury found him guilty, and found the allegation to be true.
Further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise specified.
Ontiveros's timely appeal from the resulting judgment contends he was denied the effective assistance of counsel at trial, and that the trial court erred in denying his motion on that ground for a new trial. We conclude that Ontiveros was denied his right to effective counsel, and the trial court erred in denying his motion for new trial.
A. Prosecution evidence
The prosecution presented the testimony of Armando Torres that on June 3, 2013, he lived in a tent behind his grandparents' house on Joliet Avenue in the Hawaiian Gardens area of Los Angeles. Torres's then-17-year-old cousin Alicia and her younger brother Aaron, Alicia's mother Connie Villacava, and the mother's parents (Torres's, Alicia's, and her brother's grandparents) lived in the main house. Torres was then 31 years old, 5 feet 11 inches tall, and weighed about 210 pounds.
We refer to the then-minor members of Torres's family by their given names only, meaning no disrespect.
About 4:00 o'clock that afternoon, Torres was walking home carrying a grocery bag and a sandwich in a bag. As he crossed the street toward his house he saw Ontiveros and a friend going to the friend's house next door. Torres knew Ontiveros as his cousin Alicia's boyfriend or former boyfriend, but he did not then know Ontiveros's name. He did not know Ontiveros's friend, Marcos Martinez, who lived in the house next door.
When Torres reached to open his front gate he heard someone say "I'm going to fuck him up," and turned to see that it was Ontiveros. Ontiveros then walked toward Torres, saying "Yeah, I got my blade out, ready to stab you in the neck." Ontiveros swung his arm, holding a knife with a blade about three inches long, stabbing Torres's neck under his jaw. Torres dropped his bags and grabbed Ontiveros, pulling him close so he would have no room to swing his arm. Ontiveros tried to again swing his arm, stabbing Torres behind his ear. Torres pushed Ontiveros a few feet away. Ontiveros continued swinging the knife, first overhand then underhand, cutting Torres under his arm. Torres stepped off the curb, falling to to his knees, grabbing Ontiveros's legs and pulling him to the ground. When Torres grabbed Ontiveros's wrist, Ontiveros called to his friend Martinez, "Get him. Get him. Get him. Get him on the set. Get him on the set," and "Get him before he gets the knife." To Torres, "Get him on the set" was terminology meaning "Help me. We're in the same gang," or clique. Martinez then started punching Torres in the face and head, and kicking Torres in the back, while Torres held Ontiveros's wrist and hand that held the knife.
Torres's testimony at the preliminary hearing had been that Ontiveros had said, "Get him, get him, get him on the head," rather than "get him on the set." Torres testified that the transcript was in error.
Torres let go of Ontiveros's wrist after Martinez stopped punching and kicking him. He then saw Alicia standing in the driveway, pointing her finger and screaming "That's what you get." Martinez began pushing Ontiveros away, saying "The cops, the cops. Let's go, let's go." As Martinez pushed him away, Ontiveros raised his hand simulating a gun, and Torres heard him say something like, "so and so has a gun in their house," and "We're going to come back. We're going to get you. We're going to blast you."
Torres then followed Alicia into the house, knocking on the door of her room, saying "This is what I get? Come see what the love of your life just did to me." He then went into the bathroom, where he was able to stop some of the bleeding. When his grandmother saw him, she called 911. Torres was taken to the hospital by ambulance. The jury was shown photographs of his eight stab wounds before and after they were stitched, as well as bruises on his face from Martinez's punches, and Torres removed his outer shirt to display his scars. According to Torres, he did nothing to provoke Ontiveros's attack. The knife used in the incident was not recovered.
Torres denied that he disliked Ontiveros, but admitted that he had had three or four incidents with Ontiveros during the previous five years, including one when Ontiveros was between 13 and 15 years old. Alicia had snuck Ontiveros into the house, and Torres was upset when he found Ontiveros in her room with the door locked. He kicked Ontiveros out of the house after seeing multiple hickeys on Alicia's neck.
The prosecution offered into evidence a diagram (exhibit 9) and a photo (exhibit 10), purporting to depict "butterfly" knives, the type of knife Ontiveros had allegedly used in the attack on Torres. It initially argued that the exhibits depicting butterfly knives should be admitted because "first of all, it's illegal to possess a butterfly knife"; and also so a detective could describe how it is used, in order to support the prosecution's argument that "it would be very difficult to remove, open, and use that knife under the circumstances that he is going to describe." The prosecutor assured the court that "I am certainly not suggesting that is the knife that was used."
The court initially sustained the defense objection to the pictures, which showed what the court described as a double-edged "wicked looking" blade, "which makes it a dirk." The court ruled that a witness could describe and define a butterfly knife, but "I don't want the jury to see that image," and "he's not going to use pictures of the weapon when there's no foundation."
Defense counsel initially objected to the exhibits on the ground that they had not been disclosed earlier, not that they were otherwise objectionable.
Detective Dumser of the sheriff's department then testified that when closed, a butterfly knife looks like a knife handle with no blade; but when the two parts of the handle are unlatched and it is manipulated to let go of one of the bars, the bar swings around and the blade is exposed and ready to use. Such a knife can have a blade from one to six inches long. He testified also that "butterfly knives are double edged blades, making it a dirk or dagger." When he finds someone with a butterfly knife, the detective testified, he removes it and arrests the person for possession of an illegal knife.
Detective Dumser also testified to the account Ontiveros had given him three days after the incident, when Ontiveros had appeared at the station to tell his side of the story. He told the detective that he had an altercation with Torres, during which he had stabbed Torres in self-defense. Ontiveros had said that he had crossed paths with Torres as he walked home after applying for a job at the nearby WalMart. As Ontiveros and his friend Martinez were entering Martinez's gate, and Torres was entering his driveway (next door to Martinez's driveway), Torres had turned and said something to Ontiveros, like "What," "What's up," or What's going on?" Then Torres began to walk toward Ontiveros in an aggressive manner with clenched fists. Ontiveros warned Torres that he had a knife, and said to leave him alone and that he did not want any problems. Torres (who was described as about five inches taller and 60 pounds heavier than Ontiveros) threw a punch that Ontiveros dodged, then grabbed Ontiveros and slammed him to the ground. While on the ground with Torres on top of him—fearing for his life—Ontiveros removed the knife (which he described as a butterfly knife with a one-inch blade) from his front pants pocket. Torres placed his arms on Ontiveros's right arm, trying to gain control of the knife, and moving the arm and knife toward Ontiveros's neck. Ontiveros then called his friend Martinez to help, and not to let Torres get the knife.
Ontiveros and his mother were driven to the police station by Torres's aunt Connie and her daughter Alicia. After telling the police why they were there and waiting in the lobby, Ontiveros was arrested and taken to an interview room.
After Martinez hit and kicked Torres three or four times Ontiveros was able to disengage from Torres, and they both stood up. He described having stabbed Torres in the side and in the neck or cheek while they were on the ground, as Torres pushed him back down and tried to choke him.
Ontiveros told Torres to stop, and to leave him alone; Torres laughed, and "charging" at Ontiveros, said he was not afraid of him. Ontiveros said he then ran backward, while stabbing Torres about six more times in the neck, side, and chest. After Torres stopped charging, Ontiveros walked away, scared, discarding his shirt and the knife in a trash can at a nearby bus stop. Ontiveros said his right arm was injured when they struggled for the knife, and he had a small cut on his right thumb.
The prosecution then asked for the admission of its exhibits—including the two depicting butterfly knives—into evidence. Upon confirming that it was Ontiveros—not Torres—who had identified the weapon as a butterfly knife, the court reversed its previous ruling against the exhibits' admission. Specifically because Ontiveros had admitted that he had a butterfly knife, the court ruled that the pictures could be admitted "as simply illustrative of what a butterfly knife is," because "it is relevant under the circumstances." The detective was then recalled to authenticate depictions of butterfly knives, and to explain to the jury how a butterfly knife is opened and used. He also specifically confirmed that "these two examples [in exhibits 9 and 10] are simply illustrative of what the form or function of a butterfly knife is, but . . . not suggesting in any way that the length [of] the blade is relevant to what happened in this case . . . ." The prosecution then rested.
B. Defense evidence
The defense presented the testimony of Sheriff Detective Beas that she had spoken at the scene with Torres on the afternoon of the incident, while he was still bleeding and before he was taken away by ambulance. Torres had told her that he had been stabbed by two males, whom he could not name. He said he was walking home from the liquor store when he was approached from behind and turned to see Ontiveros standing there with a knife. Ontiveros said, "Hey, I got my knife to stab you." But Torres did not say that Ontiveros had said anything about a gun; nor had Ontiveros said anything about coming back to blast him—significant things that would be in her notes if Torres had told them to her.
Ontiveros's mother, Judith Ontiveros, testified that she learned of the incident when Ontiveros came home for about five minutes at 5:00 or 5:30 in the afternoon of June 3rd. She could tell something was wrong. When he came home the next day, he was "just shaken up, kind of teary eyed," telling her about what had happened. He was also bruised badly on his back, his knuckles were scraped, and could not raise his arm. She took him to see a doctor. The jury was shown photographs purporting to show Ontiveros's bruising and knuckles, taken by his mother after he left the police station after his arrest. Ontiveros's mother had seen Ontiveros use his butterfly knife, which had a blade about an inch long, as a tool, for tasks such as adjusting a tent at a family barbeque and to open presents at his younger brother's birthday.
Ontiveros testified he had known Torres and her cousin Alicia, his ex-girlfriend, for three and one-half years, and that before the incident Torres had shaken his hand in an intimidating manner, and referred to him by name. Before the incident Ontiveros had visited Alicia at her family home almost every day, with her grandparents always present, and her mother, younger brother, and cousin often present. He had tutored Alicia's younger brother. Although he had a relationship with the family, he did not with Torres, whom he regarded as a bully.
Ontiveros said that on the occasion in Alicia's room some years earlier that Torres had described, he and Alicia had heard Torres knock and tell Alicia to open the door to her room. When Alicia did not immediately open it, Torres barged through the door, breaking the lock, then shoving Ontiveros out of the house. Ontiveros had seen Torres lose his temper with him on several occasions, and he was afraid of Torres because of Torres's size compared to his own.
Ontiveros also began testifying to an example of Torres's bullying that had occurred a few weeks before the stabbing incident, when Ontiveros was in the living room watching television with Alicia, and Alicia's grandparents and uncle were also in the house. Torres had come into the house intoxicated, seeking to fight Ontiveros (for unknown reasons). But Alicia's mother returned home from work just in time to step between Torres and Ontiveros. She pushed Torres away, saying to him "You're drunk, why are you fighting with this kid. You're a 30-year-old man." The prosecution then objected (apparently because the statement that Torres was drunk was hearsay). The court ordered the entire answer stricken, denying a defense request to approach to argue the point.
Ontiveros was permitted to testify that he had witnessed Torres acting as a bully on another occasion, when Ontiveros had taken the family's trash to their back yard. Torres said something unintelligible that indicated his anger at Ontiveros, before falling on his face, very intoxicated. And the court reiterated its earlier ruling (consistent with the parties' agreed jury instructions) that evidence of instances or suggestions of violence by one party against the other would be admissible if they had been known to the other party, either from personal observation or from having been told about them by others. But it then immediately barred Ontiveros from testifying to such instances about which he had been told by others, because "he has known this person a long time. He has firsthand knowledge.
Ontiveros testified that he had bought his butterfly knife at a swap meet about two years before the incident. Its handle latch was broken so it would open when flicked, and it had a blade about one inch long. He had never used or threatened anyone with the knife before the June 3rd incident, but he had often used it as a screwdriver or other tool at family occasions. According to his driver's license, he is 5 feet 6 inches tall, and 150 pounds.
Describing the June 3rd incident, Ontiveros testified that Torres had brushed past him as he and Martinez stopped in front of the gate to Martinez's yard; how he heard Torres say "What, what, what did you say?" while coming toward him; how he stepped out of the gate (to avoid any problems at his friends house), and told Torres to go inside his house, warning that he had a knife, and showing Torres the knife handle without opening the knife to expose the blade.
Ontiveros then believed Torres would go into his house, but when he put the knife back into his pocket, Torres charged at him, and he and Torres began fighting. According to Ontiveros, when Torres first tried (unsuccessfully) to pick Ontiveros up using his head in Ontiveros's pelvis area, Ontiveros hit the left side of Torres's face; then Torres was able to lift Ontiveros and slam him to the ground on his back (causing back bruises seen on a photo shown to the jury). With Torres lying on him and his legs around Torres's torso, Ontiveros then withdrew the knife from the watch pocket of his jeans, and flicked it open with one hand, as Deputy Dumser had explained to the jury could be done with a butterfly knife.
Ontiveros swung the knife, hitting Torres somewhere near his left rib. He tried to swing again, but Torres caught the knife, trying with both hands to pry it from Ontiveros's hand, while grinding Ontiveros's hand on the concrete pavement. When he was unsuccessful in forcing the knife from Ontiveros's hand, Torres pushed the hand and knife toward Ontiveros's neck. Ontiveros then screamed for Martinez to help before Torres could get the knife. Martinez joined the fray, hitting and kicking Torres's back and the back of his head, causing Torres to release Ontiveros's wrist. Seeing Torres reach to get him in a chokehold, Ontiveros (still on his back on the ground under Torres) kicked Torres and swung upward, stabbing him under the cheek. Ontiveros was then able to push Torres off him.
They both stood up, a few feet apart. Ontiveros told Torres to stop and to go inside, while Torres looked at Ontiveros, saying "I'm not scared of you." Torres continued to charge Ontiveros, and Ontiveros continued to back up, swinging the knife back and forth, sometimes hitting Torres, until someone called from a car that the police were coming. Ontiveros was then able to turn and "speed-walk" away. He stopped briefly at his nearby home, then went to his school, discarding the knife and bloody shirt in a waste can on the way.
C. The verdict
The jury found Ontiveros guilty of assault with a deadly weapon, a knife, in violation of section 245, subdivision (a)(1), and found that he personally inflicted great bodily injury within the meaning of section 12022.7, subdivision (a). The court sentenced Ontiveros to five years in prison—the low term of two years for the assault, plus three years for the personal infliction of great bodily injury.
D. Motion for new trial
Represented by new counsel, Ontiveros filed a motion and supplemental motion for new trial based on ineffective assistance of counsel. The motion contended that Ontiveros's trial counsel had been ineffective in a number of respects: (1) by failing to present available witnesses to support Ontiveros's self-defense theory; (2) by failing to object to prejudicial gang evidence; (3) by failing to object to references to Ontiveros's juvenile record; (4) by failing to object to prosecution insinuations that Ontiveros had acted immorally and had molested Torres's cousin, Alicia; (5) by failing to object to statements that Ontiveros's possession of the butterfly knife was illegal and that it constituted a dirk or dagger, and by failing to present available evidence that it was not. The motion was supported by declarations of Martinez, Alicia, and Alicia's mother, and juvenile court records reflecting that when he was 14 years old he had been arrested for possessing spray paint and tools with intent to vandalize (§ 594.2, subds. (a), (e)), and vandalism (§ 594.2, subd. (a)(1)), that he had been granted a deferred entry of judgment, that he had successfully completed its requirements, and that his juvenile court records had been sealed and "the arrest is deemed never to have occurred."
The trial court declined the defense offer to present the supporting witnesses' live testimony.
The Deferred Entry of Judgment had imposed conditions such as a nighttime curfew, maintaining satisfactory school attendance and grades, 100 hours of community service, and $50 restitution. In mitigation, the defense also submitted 13 letters from friends, teachers, employers, and relatives attesting to Ontiveros's good and peaceful character.
The prosecution filed no written opposition to the new trial motion. Noting that the inadequate-assistance-of-counsel contention might be a ground for reversal on appeal, the trial court held that it would not justify granting a new trial. Ontiveros filed a timely appeal.
Section 1181 sets forth the nine grounds on which a trial court may grant a new trial. The enumerated grounds include (in addition to grounds not relevant to this case) circumstances in which the court has erred in its legal rulings or misdirected the jury; but they do not include the defendant's failure to receive the effective assistance of counsel. (§ 1181, subd. (5).)
The right to the effective assistance of counsel is a constitutional requirement, which the court must protect without regard to statutory limitations on the permissible grounds for new trial motions. (People v. Fosselman (1983) 33 Cal.3d 572, 582.) Thus an order granting a new trial may be appropriate in some circumstances even when counsel has failed to interpose appropriate objections or to introduce appropriate evidence. A right to a new trial is established if the record shows "that trial counsel acted or failed to act in a manner to be expected of reasonably competent attorneys acting as diligent advocates," and establishes "that counsel's acts or omissions resulted in the withdrawal of a potentially meritorious defense." (Id. at p. 584; People v. Pope (1979) 23 Cal.3d 412, 425.) And it may be appropriate even where a potentially meritorious defense was not actually withdrawn. To prevail on a motion for new trial based on the ground that the defendant received ineffective assistance of counsel, "a defendant must show both that his counsel's performance was deficient when measured against the standard of a reasonably competent attorney and that counsel's deficient performance resulted in prejudice to defendant in the sense that it 'so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.'" (People v. Andrade (2000) 79 Cal.App.4th 651, 659-660.)
The trial court's determinations in ruling on the motion for new trial on the issues of error and prejudice are reviewed for abuse of discretion. (People v. Ault (2004) 33 Cal.4th 1250, 1255; People v. Callahan (2004) 124 Cal.App.4th 198, 210-211.)
In this case the record leaves it doubtful that the trial court applied the appropriate tests in ruling on the new trial motion. The court accepted the defense offer of proof that Martinez could have been produced to testify about what the knife actually looked like (refuting the testimony that it was an illegal dirk, with a long blade such as those depicted in the exhibits). And the court agreed that the defense might have called Martinez and other witnesses who could have testified who had started the altercation. But according to the court, "the point is the defendant is not being deprived of a defense of self-defense. He testified as to the nature of the self-defense. . . . The jury heard all of this evidence." Perhaps conceding that counsel's representation of Ontiveros had been deficient when measured against that of other reasonably competent attorneys (see People v. Fosselman, supra, 33 Cal.3d at p. 582), the court asked, "Do I think [defense counsel] presented the greatest defense imaginable?" and answered, "No, I do not." (To that the court added, "But he hired her. She was his attorney of choice.")
However, although the court believed the evidence against Ontiveros was overwhelming, the court apparently did not consider whether counsel's deficient performance prejudiced Ontiveros by "'so undermin[ing] the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.'" (People v. Andrade, supra, 79 Cal.App.4th at pp. 659-660.) It ruled instead that "the point is that the defendant is not being deprived of a defense of self-defense" because the jury did not accept his defense. "The jury heard the evidence. It was overwhelming. . . . [¶] [T]he jury heard what he claimed happened. They did not believe it. They didn't buy it. And they convicted him."
We conclude that the record sufficiently establishes that Ontiveros's counsel failed in identifiable ways, discussed below, to act in a manner expected of a reasonably competent attorney acting as a diligent advocate, and that trial court error exacerbated the prejudicial impact of those failures.
A. Failure to call witnesses to support the defense of self-defense
The new trial motion was supported by declarations of Martinez, Alicia, and Alicia's mother, none of whom were called to testify at Ontiveros's trial.
1. Martinez
Martinez testified at Ontiveros's preliminary hearing, about three and a half months after the incident and six months before the trial. He was a percipient witness to the entire incident, including the manner in which it arose. His testimony strongly contradicted Torres's account of the event and supported Ontiveros's self-defense theory.
Martinez's preliminary hearing testimony had been that it was Torres who had begun the aggressive words and movements toward Ontiveros; that Ontiveros had reacted by warning Torres to leave him alone, displaying the closed knife without the blade exposed, then putting the knife away in his watch pocket; that Torres had then charged at Ontiveros, trying unsuccessfully to punch him; that as Torres and Ontiveros fought with their fists, Torres picked Ontiveros up and slammed him to the ground on his back, with Torres on top of him; and that Ontiveros then again had the knife in his hand, this time with the blade exposed. Martinez testified that at that point Torres was on top of Ontiveros, trying with both hands to grab the knife, and scraping Ontiveros's knuckles on the pavement; that Martinez began hitting and kicking Torres "because I feared for my friend's life"; that Ontiveros then stabbed Torres in the neck; that both Ontiveros and Torres then stood up, and Torres said with clenched teeth, "I'm not afraid of you," and they continued fighting until someone said the police are coming.
Martinez testified that although the handle of the knife was "pretty big," its blade was "tiny."
Martinez's declaration summarized his preliminary hearing testimony, saying that Torres "definitely started the fight," and that "[f]rom what I saw [Ontiveros] was only defending himself from being seriously injured by Torres," who was "a lot bigger, heavier, and stronger and older." The declaration also confirmed that Martinez had told Ontiveros's trial counsel "that I was ready, willing and able to testify at Ontiveros's trial that Torres attacked Ontiveros for no apparent reason and that Ontiveros was only trying to defend himself," but that "for unknown reasons" he was not called to testify.
2. Connie Villacana
The declaration of Connie Villicana (Alicia's mother and Torres's aunt) in support of the new trial motion offered her testimony that before the altercation between Torres and Ontiveros she had found it necessary on various occasions to intervene to prevent Torres from attacking Alicia and Ontiveros.
Alicia Villicana's declaration in support of the motion for new trial supported Ontiveros's testimony in many respects. She said that since January 2010 (more than three years before the incident) she had had "an on-again off-again boyfriend-girlfriend" relationship with Ontiveros; that Ontiveros had been at her grandparents' house almost every day from 2009 to June 2013; and that Torres always interacted with Ontiveros "in a rude, intimidating and threatening and aggressive way." Alicia verified that her mother had at least once stepped in to stop Torres from attacking Ontiveros (in addition to recalling a number of other times Torres had acted violently toward her and her brother). This evidence would have contradicted Torres's account to the police that before the fight he bore Ontiveros no animosity. And she supported Ontiveros's description of how the fight progressed. She said she had arrived when Torres was on top of Ontiveros; that Torres had his hands around the knife, and was succeeding in pushing it slowly toward Ontiveros's neck while Ontiveros tried to push it away, until the knife was just a few inches from Ontiveros's neck when Martinez intervened by hitting and kicking Torres in the back.
Her declaration stated that "[f]rom what I saw and heard, Torres was the aggressor and Andre Ontiveros was acting in self-defense." And it confirmed that she had informed Ontiveros's trial counsel that she was ready, willing, and able to testify, but was not called.
4. Prejudicial impact
Ontiveros's only defense at trial was the theory of self-defense. But he was the only witness the defense called to testify that Torres had acted aggressively and had bullied him in instigating the fight and on previous occasions. He was the only witness to testify that he had not opened the knife until the much larger Torres had thrown him to the ground and pinned him down. And he was the only witness to testify that it was after Torres had tried to push the knife to his neck that he had stabbed Torres in the cheek. Ontiveros's new trial motion contended that his counsel's ineffective assistance is evidenced by her failure to present the testimony of other witnesses that were available to support his account of the circumstances, and thereby bolster his defense. (People v. Shaw (1984) 35 Cal.3d 535, 541-542 [ineffective assistance of counsel found for failure to investigate and call witnesses to support arguably meritorious alibi and mistaken identity defense].)
The failure of the defense to call supporting witnesses was repeatedly called to the jury's attention, and cited as a reason to reject Ontiveros's defense. The prosecution specifically noted the absence of the witnesses who could have verified Ontiveros's account. It reminded the jury that although Martinez had witnessed the incident, he was not called to verify Ontiveros's account, and that although Alicia had been present for part of the fight, "we did not hear from her either." It ridiculed Ontiveros's testimony that Torres had bullied him in the past, suggesting that the lack of evidence to document Ontiveros's account was "because none of these things ever happened." It told the jury that after Torres had presented himself on the witness stand as a calm, rational, and scholarly witness, the defense theory that he had been bullying Ontiveros since he was 14 years old, and had lost his temper again for no reason on the day of the fight, was a "ridiculous story." "Where are these people? Where is Connie?" the prosecution asked.
In its closing argument to the jury the prosecution repeated its opening argument admonition to not credit Ontiveros's version of the events: "[T]here's such a thing as failure to call logical witnesses, if you're going to suggest that things occurred in a certain manner and you have some witness who logically would be within your reach, like the girlfriend, like your friend who was there to back you up, like your aunt or whomever else. Why aren't they there, you know, I mean we're talking about Alicia. We're talking about Marcos Martinez. Connie Villacana. . . ."
By repeatedly exploiting the absence of testimony from these available supporting witnesses, the prosecution demonstrated its belief that the failure to produce their testimony should influence the jury to reject Ontiveros's defense. On this record, we cannot conclude that the failure was not prejudicial to Ontiveros's defense.
B. Failure to object to evidence that Ontiveros's knife was illegal
In the absence of the actual knife (and after the court had ruled the prosecution's proferred images of butterfly knives were inadmissible as speculative and "wicked looking"), Detective Dumser explained to the jury that a butterfly knife is a knife with a blade that is not exposed until, with a flick of the wrist, the two sides of the handle open "and have the blade pop out." And he testified—without objection from Ontiveros's counsel—that because "most that I have seen" have had blades sharpened on both sides, it is an illegal knife, without regard to the length of the blade.
But Dumser's testimony about the illegality of knives with blades sharpened on both sides had nothing to do with the evidence in this case; there was no evidence at all that Ontiveros's knife (or all butterfly knives) had a blade sharpened on both sides. Nor are all butterfly knives illegal, without regard to the length of their blade, as Dumser testified they were. The law does not specifically define a "butterfly" knife, but it defines an illegal switchblade knife as "a knife having the appearance of a pocketknife and includes . . . any other similar type knife, the blade or blades of which are two or more inches in length and which can be released automatically by a . . . flip of the wrist or other mechanical device, or is released by the weight of the blade or by any type of mechanism whatsoever." (§ 17235, italics added; People ex rel. Mautner v. Quattrone (1989) 211 Cal.App.3d 1389, 1395 ["butterfly" knife is within statutory definition of switchblade knife].) A butterfly or switchblade knife is not illegal, unless its blade is two or more inches long. (§ 21510.)
The trial court eventually admitted the "totally prejudicial and speculative" images in exhibits 9 and 10 into evidence (despite the prosecution's concession that it could certainly come up with other less menacing-looking examples of a butterfly knife, "whether it's a shorter blade or anything else"), explaining that it had misunderstood that it was the victim, not the defendant, who had described the knife as a butterfly knife. Dumser explained to the jury that the blade might have a single or double edge, and might have different possible lengths, and the court had him confirm that the exhibits are "simply illustrative of what the form or function of a butterfly knife is, "but you're not suggesting in any way that the length [of] the blade is relevant to what happened in this case." According to the court, it ruled "on the basis of [Ontiveros's] admission that he had a butterfly knife," and as to whether or not a butterfly knife is illegal, "we're not going to get into that"—despite the fact that Dumser had already testified to its illegality.
The court did not say how it believed its misunderstanding affected the exhibits' admissibility.
The jury thus heard uncontradicted testimony that Ontiveros's possession of the butterfly knife was illegal, although the testifying witness had no business instructing the jury on the law, nor was the legal conclusion correct unless its blade was at least two inches long. And the jury was shown images of butterfly knives that no one identified as conforming to any witness's description of Ontiveros's knife, and that the court described as "wicked looking," and "totally prejudicial and speculative."
In ruling on the new trial motion, the court attributed the speculative nature of the images in exhibits 9 and 10 to Ontiveros, because he had discarded the knife after the incident. "We have no idea how big this knife is, whether it's two inches or ten inches. . . . And therefore any exhibit is ultimately speculative beyond - over and above the testimony."
The prosecution used this record to its advantage during its argument to the jury. It argued that Ontiveros's aggressive intention to attack Torres was evidenced by his possession of a butterfly knife, which Detective Dumser had testified is an illegal dirk or dagger with a blade sharpened on both edges, that might be as long as six inches. But no one at all testified that Ontiveros's knife had a blade that was sharpened on both edges, or that was any longer than perhaps three inches. Ontiveros testified that its blade was about one inch long. His mother testified the same. Although Torres testified at trial that the blade was "probably about I guess as big as a pinky, maybe three inches," at the time of the incident he had described it only as shiny; about two days later he told the police that the blade was about one inch long; and at the preliminary hearing he testified that the blade was "not very big at all. Probably the size of a pinkie. Maybe half the size of a pinkie."
And the absence of an instruction that the knife was illegal only if the blade was more than two inches also enabled the prosecution to argue (without objection from the defense) that the knife evidenced Ontiveros's intention to use it as an illegal aggressive weapon: "It's illegal because it is a stabbing instrument and it's not a tool. . . . That's a stabbing instrument. It's a weapon. More so if the blade is shorter. That's what it's intended for . . . ." And again in its closing argument the prosecution argued to the jury that "we're talking about a butterfly knife that is not a tool, but is in fact a stabbing instrument. That's what it is for. It's illegal for that reason, because it is not a tool." Yet that argument was viable only if the blade had been sharpened on both edges—and there was no evidence at all that it was—or if the jury had found, on appropriate instructions, that it was at least two inches long.
In ruling on the motion for new trial, the court rejected the defense reference to the minimum blade-length of two inches required by the statutory definitions of an illegal switchblade. The court recalled that it had admitted exhibits 9 and 10 (showing butterfly knives with much longer blades) only after learning that Ontiveros had admitted that he had a butterfly knife and had thrown it away after the incident. The court explained that the length of the blade was speculative, "because your client admits he threw the knife away. We have no idea how big this knife is, whether it's two inches or ten inches."
Ontiveros was not charged with the crime of possession of an illegal knife, but the knife's supposed illegality became a factor that was used to imply his wrongful and aggressive intentions, thereby impeaching his defense of self-defense. Had the issue been addressed in an environment of appropriate objections, rulings, and instructions, it is more than probable that the jury might have given additional credit to portions of Ontiveros's account, and the outcome might have been more favorable to him.
C. Failure to prevent or object to evidence and argument concerning juvenile record and gang membership.
Torres testified that during the fight Ontiveros had called to Martinez to help him, saying "Get him. Get him. Get him on the set." Torres testified (without objection) that to him, that meant, "Help me, we're in the same gang."
The preliminary hearing transcript reflects Torres's testimony that Ontiveros had said, "Get him on the head," not "on the set." At trial Torres testified that the preliminary hearing transcript was in error.
Calling Ontiveros as a witness in his own defense, his counsel began by asking if he was nervous (he confirmed he was), and whether he had ever been in a courtroom before (he said he had not). Ontiveros's counsel continued her direct examination by asking him about the "BKC" initials tattooed on his arm, and (apparently alluding to Torres's testimony that during the fight Ontiveros had referred to a gang) asking whether he had ever been in a gang. Ontiveros testified that the initials on his arm referred to "Brown Kings," meaning "Brown Pride," an "adolescent group" of "a bunch of kids getting together" to paint their skateboards. He confirmed that he had once gotten in trouble for that, but never did it again. And he testified he had never been in a gang, and until the trial, he had never been in a courtroom.
We need not speculate whether counsel's failure to provide Ontiveros with effective assistance at trial is shown by counsel having opened this line of inquiry, or by her failure to object when the prosecution used this minimal opening to embark on extensive cross-examination about Ontiveros's otherwise-wholly irrelevant and inadmissible juvenile court record membership in a youth "gang" unrelated to the charges against him, and his record of juvenile court proceedings six years earlier. Either way, the apparent purpose for which defense counsel had broached these subjects in the first instance was very nearly non-existent, while the resulting prejudice was—predictably—very substantial.
The prosecution hammered Ontiveros on cross-examination, about whether he had ever been convicted of a felony, about whether he was a gang member, and about whether he was lying about never having been in a courtroom before. After denying that he had a felony conviction as a juvenile, and after the court overruled counsel's objections to repeated questions about whether he had "a felony vandalism conviction as a juvenile" and "a felony vandalism conviction as part of the Brown King Crew," Ontiveros admitted that he had a felony conviction for vandalism. The prosecutor then continued questioning Ontiveros, accusingly, about having lied to the jury that he had never been in a courtroom, about having never been in a gang, and about having pled guilty to a charge of vandalism. And after confirming that Ontiveros had a nickname, the prosecution forced him to again deny that his nickname was a "gang moniker," and that he was part of a gang.
On redirect examination Ontiveros tried to explain that his juvenile record had been for "painting something" (but not buildings) when he was 14 years old; that the room in which his juvenile proceedings had been held was not like the courtroom, having just two other people, no raised judge's bench, no witness stand, and no jury box; and that the Brown Kings Crew might be characterized as a "tagging crew," but not a gang.
Ontiveros was not charged with being a member of a criminal street gang; there was no evidence that he (or anyone else) was a member of a criminal street gang; and there was no evidence that any gang (criminal or not) had anything at all to do with the charged crime. Although Torres had initially testified that he understood the words "get him on the set" to mean "we're in the same gang," he did not say why, and he did not purport to have any basis at all for his belief. In fact, he later all but repudiated it. When asked on cross-examination to recall his testimony that "get him on the set" was "significant because that was a gang term," Torres responded, "I didn't indicate it was significant in any kind of way," he denied that he had said it was a gang term, and he denied even that he had told the police that Ontiveros had said, "get him on the set." He testified also that he understood the phrase to be "terminology in general" referring to a gang or clique, but not necessarily gang terminology.
The prosecution exploited the prejudicial impact of its examination about Ontiveros's gang membership and felony vandalism conviction, and his initial denial of those facts (which, it turns out, were not facts at all). It argued to the jury that Ontiveros had lied when he denied having been in a courtroom before; that he lied about never having been in trouble before; that there are "some hallmarks" that Ontiveros was "a sworn member of a street gang," but even if he was not, he had "lied about that too." The prosecutor argued that "I don't know if Brown Kings Crew is a gang or they are a tagging crew or if they are what counsel is suggesting an artist colony. I don't know. But he has the tattoos on his body. He's been convicted for committing a crime involving that group."
The trial's only hint of gang involvement was Torres's initial testimony that he understood "in the set" to be terminology referring to membership in the same gang—by which he meant not necessarily a gang, but maybe a "clique." Ontiveros admitted that when he was 14 years old he had been arrested for vandalism and had been in a group that identified itself as the Brown Kings Crew, whose members painted their skateboards. The evidence contained nothing indicating that Torres was qualified, either as an expert or a lay witness, to testify that "on the set" means anything relating to gangs; it contains nothing indicating that the Brown Kings Crew was a gang (even that it still existed); it contains nothing indicating that Martinez (or anyone but Ontiveros) was affiliated in any way with the group called the Brown Kings Crew, let alone a street gang. Even if Torres's reference to "on the set" as gang terminology had been initially admissible (on proper objection, it was not), and even if that unjustified reference had not later been repudiated by Torres (it was), the prosecution's blatant suggestions that the crime had some gang connection and involvement were wholly unjustified.
Respondent's brief does not suggest that the record contains any evidence (beyond Torres's unqualified suggestion) of gang involvement with the charged crime. But respondent's brief also goes beyond arguing just that Ontiveros was appropriately questioned about gang involvement. It argues also that "evidence of appellant's tattoos and the gang evidence were but discrete pieces of the overwhelming evidence in this case showing appellant's guilt for the charged crime," thereby explicitly contending that the jury appropriately used Ontiveros's supposed gang involvement as a factor pointing toward his guilt.
So too, the record and the law show that the prosecution's examination and argument concerning Ontiveros's juvenile record should have been excluded upon proper objection. In support of his new trial motion Ontiveros submitted copies of documentation indicating that he had successfully completed the court's requirements for deferred entry of judgment on the vandalism charges, that the court had on September 10, 2010, dismissed the juvenile petition against him, and that "[a]ll Deferred Entry of Judgment records are to be destroyed . . . and the arrest is deemed never to have occurred." At trial, after testimony that Ontiveros's juvenile record had been expunged and sealed, the prosecution did not suggest that it had not; nor do the People make any such contention on appeal. Significantly, even after Ontiveros testified that his record had been sealed, trial defense counsel neither objected to further references to it, nor obtained and presented the documentation.
Under the law, "[a] minor's admission of the charges contained in the petition [as required in order to obtain a deferred entry of judgment under Welfare and Institutions Code sections 790 et seq.] shall not constitute a finding that a petition has been sustained for any purpose," unless a previously deferred judgment is entered and a dispositional hearing is scheduled (as provided in Welf. & Inst. Code, § 793, subd. (b)). (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 791, subd. (c).) If the minor has performed satisfactorily during the period of the deferred entry of judgment, the charge or charges against the minor "shall be dismissed," the arrest "shall be deemed never to have occurred," and any juvenile court records "shall be sealed," except for very limited purposes that do not include impeachment of the minor in a subsequent trial. (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 790; In re Mario C. (2004) 124 Cal.App.4th 1303, 1312 & fn. 3.)
It is true that the credibility of a defendant testifying in his or her own defense may be attacked by evidence that he has suffered a felony conviction, even after the accusatory pleading has been dismissed under the provisions of section 1203.4 (Evid. Code, § 788, subd. (c)), and the expungement of a conviction under section 1203.4 does not obliterate a conviction for all purposes. (People v. Field (1995) 31 Cal.App.4th 1778, 1787.) However, the Welfare and Institutions Code provisions for sealing juvenile court records extend to eligible minors "a greater degree of protection from future prejudice resulting from his [or her] 'record'" than do the expungement provisions of section 1203.4. (In re S.A. (1970) 6 Cal.App.3d 241, 246.) That is because "[a]n order adjudging a minor to be a ward of the juvenile court shall not be deemed a conviction of a crime for any purpose, nor shall a proceeding in the juvenile court be deemed a criminal proceeding." (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 203; In re S.A., supra, 6 Cal.App.3d at p. 246.) For that reason, applying the terms of section 1203.4, subdivision (c), to juvenile proceedings "would clearly be violative of the express terms of [Welfare and Institutions Code, then section 503, now section 203] and contrary to legislative intent." (In re S.A., supra, 6 Cal.App.3d at p. 245; In re Anthony R. (1984) 154 Cal.App.3d 772, 775-776 [defendant who had admitted the allegations of juvenile petition and had been adjudicated a ward of juvenile court has not been convicted of criminal offense]; Leroy T. v. Workmen's Comp. Appeals Bd. (1974) 12 Cal.3d 434, 439 ["adjudications of juvenile wrongdoing are not 'criminal convictions'"].)
This question was reviewed and adjudicated over five decades ago in People v. Gomez (1957) 152 Cal.App.2d 139 (Supreme Ct. review den.). There the prosecution had asked the testifying defendant whether he had ever been convicted of a felony, to which the defendant had answered he had not. However, the prosecution was then permitted to continue probing, eventually eliciting the defendant's admission that as a juvenile he had been committed on charges of robbery and kidnapping, to a state hospital for the criminally insane. (Id. at p. 141.) On appeal, the Attorney General admitted the error, correctly conceding that "where a juvenile is subjected to proceedings in juvenile court . . . , the proceedings before the juvenile court never result in a felony conviction and, consequently, the juvenile cannot be subsequently impeached on the basis of the juvenile court proceeding," but arguing the absence of resulting prejudice. (Id. at p. 143.)
The court reversed the conviction, holding that the examination of the defendant about his juvenile court record violated his rights and resulted in prejudice, as impeachment for a prior offense that did not result in a felony conviction. Because the jury's verdict depended in large part on its resolution of the conflicting testimony of the defendant and the complaining witness, and despite the trial court's ruling the next day striking the evidence and admonishing the jury to disregard it, the court was unable to find that in the absence of the error a different verdict would have been improbable. (People v. Gomez, supra, 152 Cal.App.2d at pp. 144, 145; see People v. Hoffman (1926) 199 Cal. 155, 159 ["no plea of the minor or finding of the juvenile court based thereon could amount to a conviction of a felony so as to render the record admissible for impeachment purposes]; People v. Adams (1926) 76 Cal.App. 178, 183-186 [trial court rulings permitting cross-examination of criminal defendant about earlier juvenile court proceedings resulted in prejudice requiring reversal].)
The court found also that the prosecutor's examination about the prior offense amounted to a quest for inadmissible "criminal propensity" character evidence. (People v. Gomez, supra, 152 Cal.App.2d at pp. 144, 145; see Evid. Code, §§ 786, 1101, subd. (a).)
Here, as in People v. Gomez and the law upon which it relies, the prosecution far overstepped the legal boundaries that protect witnesses from impeachment by evidence of juvenile proceedings. Whether the prejudice to Ontiveros resulted from a failure by counsel to interpose anything more than minimal objections, or by the failure of the court to sustain those objections and to consider the matter in ruling on the new trial motion, the result was the same. Following the legislative guidelines, the juvenile court had ruled in Ontiveros's case that "[a]ll Deferred Entry of Judgment records are to be destroyed . . . and the arrest is deemed never to have occurred." But contrary to the court's ruling, Ontiveros was then forced to admit to the jury that the juvenile arrest had in fact occurred, and he was impeached as a liar to the jury for having relied on the juvenile court's explicit ruling. That violated his rights under the applicable law, and resulted in a miscarriage of justice requiring a new trial.
D. Defense counsel's acts and omissions deprived Ontiveros of a fair trial.
The record shows that trial counsel failed to act in a manner to be expected of a reasonably competent attorney acting as a diligent advocate for Ontiveros, and that Ontiveros was denied a fair adjudication on the issue of self-defense, due to counsel's inadequate factual and legal preparation and resulting failure to interpose appropriate objections required to protect Ontiveros's interests. (In re Hall (1981) 30 Cal.3d 408, 434.) Where there is no indication that defense counsel even evaluated the possibility of presenting the testimony of these witnesses, "[t]he record shows that counsel did not make a reasonable professional judgment to ignore an important corroborating witness." (Riley v. Payne (2003) 352 F.3d 1313, 1319 [failure to call available witness to bolster self-defense theory shows inadequate assistance of counsel].)
There could be no tactical consideration sufficient to justify counsel's failure to call Martinez, Alicia, or her mother as witnesses in Ontiveros's defense. Although each of these witnesses might have been vulnerable to impeachment on any number of grounds, no impeaching evidence could have been more prejudicial to Ontiveros's cause than their absence in the face of their obvious availability. Nor can counsel's failure to adequately protect Ontiveros from examination and argument about his juvenile court record, and to provide the jury with evidence and instructions to support the conclusion that his knife was not an illegal weapon, be attributed to tactical considerations within counsel's discretion. In light of the record on these issues, we find it unnecessary to postpone our review until Ontiveros can provide a further factual record in a petition for habeas corpus. (See People v. Ledesma (2006) 39 Cal.4th 641, 746 [judgment will be affirmed on appeal if record appeal sheds no light on why counsel acted or failed to act, "'unless counsel was asked for an explanation and failed to provide one, or unless there simply could be no satisfactory explanation'"].) Where the record on appeal does not illuminate the basis for counsel's challenged acts or omissions, the claim of ineffective assistance is "more appropriately" raised in a petition for habeas corpus where there is opportunity for evidentiary hearing. (People v. Pope, supra, 23 Cal.3d at pp. 425-426; People v. Fosselman, supra, 33 Cal.3d at pp. 582-583.) But the conviction should be reversed for inadequate assistance of counsel where the record shows that counsel's challenged acts or omissions resulted from a failure to adequately research the law or investigate the facts. (People v. Pope, supra, 23 Cal.3d at pp. 425-426.) Here, counsel's initial direct examination of Ontiveros and his mother about whether Ontiveros had any record of trouble with the law, and whether he was in a gang, indicates counsel's failure to have adequately researched both the law and the facts. And counsel's failure to counter the resulting contention that Ontiveros had suffered a felony conviction for vandalism, and to produce available documentation showing that he had not, only strengthens that inference. So too, the failure to call Martinez, Alicia, and her mother to testify suggests only counsel's failure to adequately understand the need for corroboration of Ontiveros's defense. (Riley v. Payne, supra, 352 F.3d at p. 1319 [counsel's failure to investigate availability of evidence shows absence of counsel's tactical choice].)
The prosecution's only suggestion of a tactical justification for counsel's failure was that Martinez might have "a fifth amendment issue" that could preclude him from testifying. But the fact that Martinez had testified at the preliminary hearing wholly refutes this offhand suggestion.
The trial court held that the failure of defense counsel to call available witnesses to the incident did not justify a new trial, because even if Torres had been the initial aggressor, Ontiveros's defense depended on whether his response to Torres's aggression was excessive under the circumstances, and "the jury had adequate evidence to justify their verdicts."
The test is not whether the jury was justified in reaching its verdict in light of the evidence it heard and the instructions it was given, as the trial court indicated. It is whether there is a reasonable likelihood the jury might have reached a more favorable result if Ontiveros's counsel had presented the available evidence and interposed appropriate objections, as would be expected of reasonably competent attorneys. (People v. Fosselman, supra, 33 Cal.3d at p. 583 [ineffectiveness of counsel proved if counsel failed to perform with reasonable competence and "it is reasonably probable a determination more favorable to the defendant would have resulted in the absence of counsel's failings"]; People v. Pope, supra, 23 Cal.3d at p. 425; People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836.) The trial court did not address the question whether the verdict might have been different if the jury had heard the available evidence that Ontiveros had not been the aggressor; if the court had been asked to, and had, excluded or appropriately limited the evidence and insinuations of gang involvement, prior juvenile convictions, molestation of Alice, and illegal weapon possession; and if the court's instructions had reflected appropriate rulings on those valid objections. The jury had heard evidence that led it to doubt Ontiveros's defense, but due to his counsel's acts and omissions, along with some trial court error, it had not heard the available evidence that might have caused it to reach a different conclusion.
We find it reasonably probable a determination more favorable to Ontiveros would have resulted in the absence of these failings. That is the test whether his counsel's deficient performance "'so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.'" (People v. Andrade, supra, 79 Cal.App.4th at pp. 659-660; People v. Fosselman, supra, 33 Cal.3d at p. 583.)
The record shows that trial counsel failed to act in a manner to be expected of a reasonably competent attorney acting as a diligent advocate for Ontiveros; and that he was denied a fair adjudication on the issue of self-defense due to counsel's inadequate factual and legal preparation and resulting failure to interpose objections to seek appropriate rulings to protect Ontiveros's interests. (In re Hall, supra, 30 Cal.3d at p. 434.) Ontiveros received prejudicially inadequate assistance of counsel at his trial, requiring reversal of the order denying his motion for new trial. This conclusion renders unnecessary our consideration of other possible grounds for a new trial (for example, that his counsel's inadequate representation is shown by the failure to object adequately to the prosecution's insinuations that his earlier conduct with Alicia had been immoral, and that the court erred prejudicially in barring evidence that Torres had acted hostilely and aggressively toward him before the incident (see fn. 6, pp. 8-9, above).
The order denying a new trial is reversed, with directions to the clerk of the superior court to enter an order granting the motion.
Pursuant to Business and Professions Code section 6086.7, subdivision (a)(2), we are required to report our reversal of the judgment for ineffective assistance of counsel to the State Bar of California for investigation of the appropriateness of initiating disciplinary action against attorney Rondee Eagle.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.
CHANEY, J. We concur:
ROTHSCHILD, P. J.
BENDIX, J.
Judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.
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Northern Ireland Budget Bill
Published Wednesday, 30 October, 2019
David Torrance
Philip Brien
A Bill Briefing on the Northern Ireland Budget Bill 2019-20
Northern Ireland Budget Bill 2019-20 (2 MB, PDF)
Download full report Download ‘Northern Ireland Budget Bill 2019-20’ report (2 MB, PDF)
The Northern Ireland Budget Bill 2019-20 was introduced to the House of Commons on 29 October 2019. The text of the Bill and Explanatory Notes are provided on the Bill pages on the Parliamentary website. The Government’s intention is for all Commons stages of the Bill to be taken on 30 October 2019, subject to a Business of the House motion to be debated on the same day. This “fast-tracking” of the legislation is regarded as necessary because the amounts authorised and appropriated in a previous “vote on account” will begin to be exhausted from 31 October 2019.
The Bill provides for a similar procedure to the supplementary estimates presented annually to Parliament. It seeks Parliamentary approval for certain sums to be issued out of the Consolidated Fund of Northern Ireland for the year ending 31 March 2020. The Northern Ireland Budget Bill authorises the use of resources and issues cash to Northern Ireland departments and other public bodies. In the absence of the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Bill therefore sets a Budget for Northern Ireland.
As of March 2019, 295 public bodies were in operation across the UK government. Most public bodies within the United Kingdom are established and operated by the government, with varying levels of autonomy and ministerial responsibility according to their classification. Brexit means that many functions previously carried out by EU agencies will become the responsibility of existing UK bodies. A number of new public bodies are also being created to manage additional responsibilities after EU exit.
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The word that fuels Mike Warren: “Finish”
Rob Gray, Oct 12 • 0 Comments
AMES — The line hits a combo block. A mammoth hole pops open. One cut, and ISU emerging star Mike Warren is gone.
The situation above has occurred at least five times in the past three games for the redshirt freshman running back — and when it does, he’s reminded of sprinting toward a finish line, not just the goal line.
“It sort of takes me back to track season in high school, how my coach would tell me to finish,” said Warren, who reeled off five runs of 40 or more yards against Toledo, Kansas and Texas Tech. “He’d be standing on the side and just telling me to finish, like the last 10 meters and just finishing at the line.”
Monday, plenty of talk centering on both swift starts and fast finishes bubbled up around the Bergstrom Football Complex.
The Cyclones (2-3, 1-1 Big 12) failed to perform in either beginning-to-end category during last weekend’s 66-31 blowout loss at Lubbock and are fully aware a repeat in Saturday’s 6 p.m. home game against No. 3 TCU (6-0, 3-0) will spell doom.
“Starting fast was discussed emphatically last week and against this opponent this week, again, you need it,” ISU coach Paul Rhoads said. “That’s what we’ll set out to do.”
Warren’s aiming to become the Cyclones’ first 1,000-yard rusher since Alexander Robinson did so in 2009.
And explosive runs are fueling his quest. To put his five carries of 40 or more yards thus far in perspective, last season’s team managed one all season. One.
Warren’s set on ripping off more of them, too — and a few more could be achieved against the high-scoring Horned Frogs, who yield 183 yards per game on the ground.
“Just that confidence level’s going to keep on going up,” said Warren, who leads all FBS freshman backs in yards per carry (8.1), yards per game (114.8). “Those runs of four or five yards, those are good, but then that one big run’s going to come and I think if more of those happen then I think I’ll be able to shoulder much more of the load.”
But how much, exactly? Warren believes an ideal number for his coaches would fall in the 18-20 per game carry range — for now, anyway.
"I don’t see any slowing down for him," ISU center Jamison Lalk said.
Warren rushed 23 times for a freshman single-game record 245 yards in the loss to Tech. He’s now at 574 yards in five games, which puts him on pace to well exceed the 1,000-yard benchmark.
“He can shoulder more,” Rhoads said. “I don’t think he’s conditioned to the point where he needs to be to keep on with that. Somebody talked about yesterday of him being over 500 yards in five games and what that means and I remember (Cyclone Hall of Famer) Troy (Davis) being over 1,000 in five games back in the 90s and Troy never had a problem as far as toting it or getting tired in the process. There was one time that Mike was tired in (Saturday’s) game and we still had him out there that I thought we should have substituted for him, but as he gets more accustomed to more carries and more yardage, more work, he’ll be fine.”
He’s fine now, but working to shine brighter.
“Just going play by play; just totally evaluating myself and critiquing what I can do better, or what I can do more,” said Warren, who’s quick to credit his line after each top performance. “I know last week I talked about urgency and that’s still something I’ve got to work on, just urgency in getting off the ball when I don’t have a pass protection assignment. After that, it’s just sweeping it under the rug and moving on the next week.”
There’s no concealing Warren’s star power, though, especially as ISU struggles to produce similar bright spots in other areas.
“Obviously he’s a good player, he’s got almost six hundred yards,” TCU coach Gary Patterson said during his weekly news conference. “I think you also look at they’ve got five starters back on offense up front and they’re doing a really good job of blocking for him. They’ve got really good plays designed for him to get him where he needs to and he’s hard to tackle. We’re going to have to be good tacklers, we’re going to have to play with leverage and understand where he’s at all times.”
Especially if and when those gaping holes expand and Warren hears that word “finish” echo in the back of his mind.
“After each game it’s just like, “Wow, I did this and this and this,’” Warren said. “And I think that I can probably do a lot more.”
View articles by Rob Gray administrator
Rob, an Ames native, joined Cyclone Fanatic in August, 2014 after nearly a decade and a half of working at Iowa's two largest newspapers. He spent 10 years at the Des Moines Register and, after a brief stint in public relations, joined the Cedar Rapids Gazette as an Iowa State correspondent three years ago. Rob specializes in feature stories for CF.
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Previous Kicker competition is open at Iowa State
Next NOTEBOOK: Blaskowsky next in line of great women’s hoops seniors
Mike Warren led all freshmen in rushing
Mike Warren named USA TODAY Freshman All-American
Mike Warren on Matt Campbell: “I don’t know if it was fate.”
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Expert Reviews for the Newest Albums
in Rock, Alternative, Hip-Hop, EDM, and More
Madonna Does It Her Way on the Scattered but Joyful Madame X
A badly curated playlist that only the former Material Girl could make enjoyable
on June 19, 2019, 2:20am
The Lowdown: The Madonna of today is not the Madonna who scandalized presidents and popes. Now, she is (coughs politely) years old and thankfully still evolving. Her last album, her unlucky 13th, was 2015’s Rebel Heart. Backed by awful singles like “Bitch I’m Madonna”, Rebel Heart represented a critical and commercial bottoming out.
Since then, Madonna has relocated. Her son wants to be a professional soccer player, and while other parents might send him to summer camp, Madonna has moved everybody to Portugal. This is so he can attend a prestigious soccer academy there, but according to the press materials that accompanied Madame X, Madonna soon got bored. The story goes that she then met with local musicians and artists and eventually found inspiration in Portuguese culture. That means taking drugs with 25-year-olds if the resulting album is any guide. Madame X is a psychedelic, globetrotting, reggae-, cumbia-, and disco-tinged adventure. Does that sound like a mess? Well, it is. But it’s also some of the most joyful music that Madonna has made in a decade.
(Buy: Tickets to Upcoming Madonna Shows)
The Good: Madame X begins with a trip and a trip. On opener “Medellin”, Madonna starts by singing, “I took a pill and had a dream,” before waking up in Medellin, Colombia. Now the whole album doesn’t ride that vibe (like I said, the vibes are all over the place), but it certainly sets the stage for experimentation. “Medellin” is a bilingual collaboration with the Colombian performer Maluma. And I know what you’re thinking: Madonna’s time in Portugal inspired her to make a song about Colombia? These are different languages and different continents after all. But if you don’t let geography harsh your mellow, you might get swept away.
She collaborates again with Maluma on “Bitch I’m Loca” and brings all the swagger that “Bitch I’m Madonna” lacked. The collaborations are the best parts of Madame X. They energize Madonna, who’s done just about everything a performer can do solo. The Portuguese drum collective Batucadeiras provides a much-needed spark to the repetitive “Batuka”. And on the infectious “Faz Gostoso”, she teams up with the Brazilian singer Anitta to give this Portugal-inspired album some actual Portuguese.
Madonna’s ambitions aren’t merely musical. Several songs on Madame X contain social messages with varying amounts of bite. Album closer “I Rise” quotes a speech from gun rights activist Emma Gonzalez and is rousing stuff. But the message is even better expressed on the ambitious track “God Control”, featuring the Tiffin Children’s Choir and typically lush production from Mike Dean. “God Control” boasts multiple musical movements, spanning America’s failed gun control policies, the cries of children, and a parent feeling helpless getting the kids ready for school.
The Bad: It starts with sonic whiplash. There are short runs of coherency, but for the most part Madame X doesn’t even sound like an album, just a badly curated playlist. The various musical influences often clash, like when a spacey, Yoko Ono-inspired track like “Killers Who Are Partying” swerves into the conventional R&B radio jam “Crave” with Swae Lee. “Killers Who Are Partying” is full of cringy wokeness. Madonna professes fellowship with the downtrodden all over the world, but does it in a vague and self-aggrandizing way. It’s a bit like her “tribute” to Aretha Franklin that came off as a tribute to herself. Finally, there’s the whole persona of Madame X. This is how Madonna described it:
“Madame X is a secret agent. Traveling around the world. Changing identities. Fighting for freedom. Bringing light to dark places. She is a dancer. A professor. A head of state. A housekeeper. An equestrian. A prisoner. A student. A mother. A child. A teacher. A nun. A singer. A saint. A whore. A spy in the house of love. I am Madame X.”
You don’t say — a housekeeper and an equestrian!? Not only is this profoundly stupid, but it doesn’t have anything to do with the music. It’s an excuse to wear an eye patch and nothing more.
The Verdict: The track list is scattered and psychotic, and Madonna’s future tours will ignore almost all of these songs. You might even call it a “vanity project,” though I think it’s time to retire that phrase. All music is vain; all art is frivolous. The point is she doesn’t need money and doesn’t seem to care about attention as much as she used to. Madonna has created this music for an audience of one: Herself. Often it works. Sometimes it doesn’t. But there’s joy in the way it was made and further proof, if you needed any, that Madonna will never stop growing.
Essential Tracks: “Medellin”, “God Control”, and “Faz Gostoso”
The Regrettes announce new album, How Do You Love?, share “I Dare You”: Stream
Glenn Danzig still uses a flip phone
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Home Stories2019 Success StoriesGenmore Zipper-Tran Thi Tuoi
芊茂拉鍊-陳氏仙
Genmore Zipper Company Limited is a professional zipper manufacturer in Taiwan. Since 1988, it has integrated development, production, and sales, and now, after more than 30 years of unremitting efforts, it is considered one of the manufacturers with the most complete products in the trade. Its zippers are used in high-end clothing, suitcases, tents, and other supplies, and the company offers various zippers with waterproof, explosion-proof, and other useful functions.
Based on its advanced zipper knowledge and technology, Genmore manufactures innovative products and markets them worldwide, creating reliable brand positioning. With dozens of patents at home and abroad, Genmore has been authorized to produce high- and medium-end clothing brands in the United States, with its sales territory covering the whole world, including Europe, America, Southeast Asia, Japan, South Korea, and mainland China.
In the past, Genmore has also successfully matched talents from Russia and Vietnam through Contact TAIWAN events. The group affirmed the specific effectiveness of the "One on One Employment Meeting" sponsored by the Ministry of Economic Affairs and showed that enterprises are more re-assured about participating in government activities. Such events also save time and energy for companies seeking talents, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises.
In 2019, Genmore participated in the “One on One Employment Meeting” in the Taipei session. Twelve talents were interviewed at the session, and Genmore was very satisfied with two of the resumes. After a follow-up interview by the company, Genmore ultimately hired a Vietnamese national graduate, Tran Thi Tuoi. Currently, Tran Thi Tuoi has been sent to work at the Vietnam branch, where she is responsible for the business marketing of the Vietnamese market.
Tran Thi Tuoi said that she believes that, in addition to the English language, Chinese is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, when she came to Taiwan to get her master’s degree in business, in addition to obtaining fluent language skills, she also participated in many community activities in order to expand her vision. Before graduating, she attended various talent recruitment events to look for work. For the first time, she involved herself in a one-to-one matchmaking employment session held by Contact TAIWAN and even used the Contact TAIWAN APP to apply for a job. Right after graduation, she found a job and was assigned to her post at home.
Tran Thi Tuoi said that the Contact TAIWAN APP interface is very user-friendly, and users can use mobile phone to register the company in which they are interested for interviews, check the job requirements released by the interview company, and see their interview time list. Checking in to matchmaking employment sessions is very convenient, as the user just needs to report to the spot and open the QR CODE of the mobile phone for entry into the site. Each year, Contact TAIWAN works with the graduation season of Taiwan to hold related matchmaking employment sessions, which is the best platform for overseas Chinese and foreign students to find jobs. She also suggested overseas Chinese and foreign students pay more attention to the event information of Contact TAIWAN, prepare for entry into the workplace, and find suitable jobs through Contact TAIWAN.
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A blog about everything related to COVID-19
Summary for September 2020
Weekly-report
A summary of all the stats from the month of September
Date: 28 Sep 2020 Time to read: 30m
Blog Post Date: Sep 28th, 2020
Blog Post Last Update: Sep 28th, 2020
Summary of the records broken and milestones crossed during the month of September
Milestones set this month
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvus/cvuMilestones
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvglobal/cvgMilestones
# Milestone
M 8/31 6.0 Million cases (US) 12 days for the last 500k
T 9/1
W 9/2
F 9/4 800,000 deaths 20 days for the last 100,000 deaths
S 9/5
T 9/8 -
T 9/10
F 9/11 -
S 9/12
S 9/13 6.5 Million cases (US) 13 days for the last 500k
M 9/14
T 9/15 -
W 9/16
T 9/17 30 Million cases 18 days for last 5 million cases
S 9/20 -
T 9/22 200,000 deaths (US) 32 days for the last 25,000 deaths
W 9/23 900,000 deaths 19 days for the last 100,000 deaths
F 9/25 7.0 Million cases (US) 12 days for the last 500k
US States -- Cases Records Broken
Aug 27 - SD and 3 states neighboring SD (Sturgis rally) IA, MN, ND all break their cases record
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvus/cvuRecordCasesStates
# of States
M 8/31 0 0
T 9/1 1 WV (264)
W 9/2 0 -
T 9/3 0 -
F 9/4 3 AR (1094), IL (5594) **, WI (1498)
S 9/5 0 -
M 9/7 0 -
W 9/9 1 ID (1375)
T 9/10 1 WI (1547)
F 9/11 2 AR (1107), SC (2454)
S 9/12 3 AR (1799), ND (467), WV (351)
S 9/13 1 WI (1582)
M 9/14 0 -
T 9/15 0 -
W 9/16 0 -
F 9/18 4 MT (224), ND (507), UT (1117), WI (2533)
S 9/19 1 MT (292), Puerto Rico (1309)
S 9/20 1 MN (1296)
M 9/21 1 TX (21771) **;
T 9/22 1 SC (2665)
W 9/23 1 WY (153)
T 9/24 2 MT (330), UT (1198)
F 9/25 5 AL (2452), KS (1133), NC (6143) **, OR (449), UT (1411)
S 9/26 3 MN (1470), MT (343), WI (2817)
S 9/27 1 WY (168)
US States -- Deaths Records Broken
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvus/cvuRecordDeathsStates
M 8/31 1 HI (7)
T 9/1 0 Guam (3)
W 9/2 1 AR (27)
F 9/4 0 -
S 9/5 1 MO (61)
S 9/6 0 Puerto Rico (13)
W 9/9 2 ID (31), KS (15), Puerto Rico (18)
T 9/10 1 KY (22)
F 9/11 1 MT (8)
S 9/12 0 -
T 9/15 2 AR (158), VA (94)
W 9/16 3 KS (21), Puerto Rico (19), SD (8), WY (8)
F 9/18 1 HI (13)
S 9/19 2 MT (10), ND (8)
W 9/23 1 MO (71)
F 9/25 1 AK (6)
US Counties -- Cases Records Broken
States with at least 6 counties setting records are listed below
Monitoring KS, ND, SD, MT, NE, KS, IA, WY, MN for Sturgis related surges
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvus/cvuRecordCasesCounties
# of Counties
States with most counties
M 8/31 19 KS (5), MT (2)
T 9/1 37 WI (7)
W 9/2 54 KS (6), SD (5)
T 9/3 71 KY (7), TN (18)
F 9/4 95 IL (35) **, KS (8), TX (9), WI (10)
S 9/5 61 MO (12)
S 9/6 17 -
M 9/7 15 -
T 9/8 15 NE (4)
W 9/9 48 ID (14)
T 9/10 50 MT (3), SD (3), TN (6), WI (7)
F 9/11 65 KS (5), MO (7), NE (5), WI (6)
S 9/12 69 AR (10), MO (13), ND (5), OK (4), SD (4)
S 9/13 36 ND (5), WI (10)
M 9/14 35 KS (8)
T 9/15 35 TX (5)
W 9/16 115 AL (58) **, IA (5), NE (7), ND (3), SD (7), WI (5)
T 9/17 61 MN (5), MO (6), NE (4), ND (4), SD (4), WI (13)
F 9/18 98 IA (16) **, MN (9), MO (10), MT (3), ND (3), SD (8), TN (7), WI (11)
S 9/19 70 MT (5), ND (3), Puerto Rico (9), SD (5), WI (13)
S 9/20 34 MN (7)
M 9/21 57 KS (5), MI (8), TX (19) **,
T 9/22 37 MT (4)
W 9/23 56 IA (5), KS (5), MO (7), MT (3), NE (4), ND (5), SD (4), WI (5)
T 9/24 76 IA (7), MT (5), ND (5), SD (5), WI (15)
F 9/25 117 IL (6), KS (6), MO (8), MT (4), NE (5), NC (34) **, ND (3), SD (6), WI (9)
S 9/26 66 KY (7), MN (5), MO (7), MT (4), ND (4), SD (7), WI (13)
S 9/27 45 WI (12)
US Counties -- Deaths Records Broken
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvus/cvuRecordDeathsCounties
M 8/31 13 -
T 9/1 19 FL (3)
W 9/2 33 WY (16)
T 9/3 21 -
F 9/4 24 IN (3), MO (3), NC (3)
S 9/5 18 MO (8)
W 9/9 28 ID (4), NC (3), TN (3)
T 9/10 28 MO (3), TN (6)
F 9/11 29 KS (5), MT (3), TX (5)
S 9/12 12 AR (3)
T 9/15 37 AR (17), KS (3), OH (3), VA (8)
W 9/16 38 AL (12), NC (3), WI (4)
T 9/17 17 VA (4)
F 9/18 13 -
S 9/19 14 -
T 9/22 17 MN (4), MO (4)
W 9/23 21 GA (4), MO (8)
T 9/24 10 -
F 9/25 23 KS (3), MO (3), WV (3)
S 9/26 17 IL (3), MO (7)
Red States v/s Blue States summary
July 29th: First time that the Red states have a higher Cases per million than the Blue States (John Hopkins data)
Snapshot as of Sep 27th
Per Million
Red 186,794,119 4,369,348 23,391 97,032 519
Blue 140,800,676 2,680,281 19,036 106,393 756
Total 331,770,791 7,114,856 21,441 204,753 617
Snapshot as of Sep 6th
Snapshot as of Aug 30th
Countries -- Cases Records Broken
Aug 26: India becomes the first country to cross 80,000 cases in a day
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvglobal/cvgRecordCasesCountries
# of Countries
M 8/31 4 Spain (23572) **, Israel (2576), Costa Rica (1588), Myanmar (107); ** Spain: must be a catch up day from previous months
T 9/1 1 Libya (658)
W 9/2 7 Israel (2926), Paraguay (800), Czechia (656), Congo (Brazzaville) (649), West Bank (594), Hungary (365), Tunisisa (233)
T 9/3 11 Argentina (12026), Iraq (4755), Indonesia (3622), Israel (2991), Nepal (1228), Paraguay (821), Czechia (679), Moldova (632), West Bank (596), Croatia (369), Myanmar (116)
F 9/4 10 India (86432), Iraq (5036), Ukraine (2769), Nepal (1359), Czechia (797), Libya (672), West Bank (671), Hungary (459), Botswana (278), Slovakia (137)
S 9/5 9 India (90632), Ukraine (2897), Dominican Republic (2147), Paraguay (1217), Hungary (510), Tunisia (234), Slovakia (226), Trinidad (190), Myanmar (148)
S 9/6 4 India (90802), Morocco (2234), Tunisia (265), Burkina Faso (44)
M 9/7 7 Spain (26560) **, Israel (3331), Costa Rica (1860), Libya (1085), Hungary (576), Belize (113), Guyana (92); ** Spain: must be a catch up day from previous months
T 9/8 7 Argentina (12027), Israel (3590), Czechia (1161), Tunisia (293), Myanmar (289), Jordan (103), Georgia (45)
W 9/9 6 India (95735), Colombia (15318), Argentina (12259), Trinidad (197), Bahamas (136), Slovenia (80)
T 9/10 9 India (96551), Israel (4429), Indonesia (3861), Czechia (1377), West Bank (745), Tunisia (465), Greece (372), Angola (125), Georgia (57)
F 9/11 10 India (97570), Ukraine (3227), Morocco (2430), Nepal (1454), Czechia (1447), Netherlands (1354), Hungary (718), Jordan (206), Slovenia (108), Georgia (87)
S 9/12 6 Czechia (1541), UAE (1007), Hungary (916), Myanmar (374), Uganda (326), Georgia (158)
S 9/13 3 Jordan (252), Mozambique (229), Burkina Faso (193)
M 9/14 8 Spain (27404), Israel (4764), Costa Rica (1907), Lebanon (1091), West Bank (788), Tunisia (747), Georgia (165), Andorra (94)
T 9/15 10 India (173932) **, Czechia (1674), Netherands (1479), Nepal (1459), West Bank (888), Myanmar (441), Mozambique (231), Senegal (223), Georgia (170), Angola (130); ** India: must be a catch up day from previous months
W 9/16 11 Israel (6063), Indonesia (3963), Czechia (2136), Netherlands (1752), Romania (1713), Nepal (1539), Bahrain (841), Mozambique (281), Georgia (196), Slovenia (123), Malta (106)
T 9/17 7 Argentina (12701), Ukraine (3679), CZechia (3123), Morocco (2488), Netherlands (1837), Denmark (823), Jordan (279)
F 9/18 8 Morocco (2760), Netherlands (2083), Nepal (2020), Hungary (941), Moldova (665), Slovakia (235), Trinidad (217), Slovenia (137)
S 9/19 7 Indonesia (4168), Poland (1002), Moldova (688), Myanmar (642), Uganda (423), Slovakia (290), Lithuania (99)
S 9/20 4 Tunisia (1622), Hungary (1070), Montenegro (714), Guyana (101)
M 9/21 8 Spain (31428), France (29237), Indonesia (4176), Netherlands (2274), Myanmar (666), Greece (453), Guyana (133), Andorra (117)
T 9/22 4 Iran (3712), Netherlands (2353), Jordan (634), Georgia (218)
W 9/23 12 Israel (11316) **, UK (6187), Iraq (5055), Indonesia (4465), Netherlands (2460), Romania (1767), UAE (868), Moldova (786), Slovakia (338), Georgia (227), Bahamas (151)
T 9/24 9 Argentina (13467), UK (6644), Indonesia (4634), Netherlands (2595), Poland (1136), Slovakia (360), Botswana (354), Georgia (259), Lithuania (138)
F 9/25 9 UK (6878), Indonesia (4823), Netherlands (2859), Poland (1587), Lebanon (1143), Slovakia (419), Georgia (265), Slovenia (191), Cabo Verde (149)
S 9/26 8 Ukraine (3935), Lebanon (1280), Myanmar (879), Moldova (868), Jordan (850), Slovakia (552), Georgia (296), Somalia (123)
S 9/27 2 Tunisia (1722), Dominica (6)
Countries -- Deaths Records Broken
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvglobal/cvgRecordDeathsCountries
T 9/1 2 Romania (60), Morocco (43), Paraguay (22), Trinidad (5)
W 9/2 4 Bolivia (102), Ukraine (51), Congo (Brazzaville) (24), Moldova (16)
T 9/3 3 Australia (59), Ukraine (54), Jamaica (5)
F 9/4 1 Paraguay (25)
S 9/5 3 Dominican Republic (39), Tunisia (6), Uganda (4)
S 9/6 1 Libya (13)
M 9/7 3 Ecuador (3852) **, Bolivia (1656) **, Costa Rica (32); ** Ecuador, Bolivia: must be a catch up day from previous months
T 9/8 3 Ukraine (58), Libya (18), Myanmar (4)
W 9/9 1 Colombia (442)
T 9/10 1 Mozambique (3)
F 9/11 1 Trinidad (7)
S 9/12 3 Philippines (184), Ukraine (74), Mozambique (4)
S 9/13 2 West Bank (11), Myanmar (8)
M 9/14 4 Phillipines (259), Nepal (15), Tunisia (10), Togo (3)
T 9/15 1 India (2344) **; ** India: must be a catch up day from previous months
W 9/16 2 Ukraine (78), West Bank (14)
F 9/18 3 Paraguay (27), Lebanon (18), Jordan (3)
S 9/20 2 Tunisia (21), Jamaica (7)
M 9/21 4 Argentina (429), Costa Rica (39), Nepal (16), Malta (3)
T 9/22 7 Argentina (470), Indonesia (160), Praguay (29), Moldova (19), Myanmar (16), Montenegro (8), Georgia (3)
W 9/23 2 Myanmar (17), Uganda (5)
T 9/24 3 Brazil (1703), Myanmar (22), Nepal (17)
F 9/25 0 -
S 9/26 3 Myanmar (24), Jamaica (8), Jordan (4)
S 9/27 3 Myanmar (26), Tunisia (23), Libya (21)
Number of US States with Cases Increasing week-over-week
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvus/cvupattern
M 8/31 32 20 of 30 Red states; 12 of 20 Blue states
T 9/1 30 18 of 30 Red states; 12 of 20 Blue states
W 9/2 29 19 of 30 Red states; 10 of 20 Blue states
T 9/3 26 17 of 30 Red states; 9 of 20 Blue states
F 9/4 29 19 of 30 Red states; 10 of 20 Blue states
S 9/5 26 18 of 30 Red states; 8 of 20 Blue states
M 9/7 22 16 of 30 Red states; 6 of 20 Blue states
W 9/9 19 13 of 30 Red states; 6 of 20 Blue states
T 9/10 13 5 of 30 Red states; 8 of 20 Blue states
F 9/11 11 4 of 30 Red states; 7 of 20 Blue states
S 9/12 14 6 of 30 Red states; 8 of 20 Blue states
M 9/14 22 13 of 30 Red states; 9 of 20 Blue states
T 9/15 34 21 of 30 Red states; 13 of 20 Blue states
W 9/16 37 23 of 30 Red states; 14 of 20 Blue states
F 9/18 43 27 of 30 Red states; 16 of 20 Blue states
S 9/19 43 27 of 30 Red states; 16 of 20 Blue states
Number of Countries with Cases Increasing 100% week-over-week
https://corona-virus.dev/app/reports/cvglobal/cvgpattern
# with 100% 1-week growth
M 8/31 - -
T 9/1 7 14
W 9/2 9 15
F 9/4 15 10
S 9/5 12 14
M 9/7 8 12
T 9/8 14 17
W 9/9 14 18
T 9/10 13 19
F 9/11 11 22
S 9/12 12 23
M 9/14 16 25
W 9/16 14 34
S 9/20 9 32
M 9/21 7 33
T 9/22 7 28
W 9/23 8 28
End of Week - as of September 27th
Cases This Week
Deaths This Week
Africa 1,460,329 28,624 52,652 54,287 53,734 1,086 1,199 1,190
Asia 10,177,048 179,570 741,682 860,501 841,023 10,678 12,907 11,476
Europe 4,847,968 158,680 408,288 342,222 290,030 2,279 1,968 1,427
N. America 8,523,780 302,826 379,793 349,711 311,134 8,778 8,794 8,995
Oceania 29,441 909 165 244 407 24 37 55
S. America 7,904,371 248,532 387,982 414,513 390,748 10,601 10,104 15,466
Total 32,942,937 919,141 1,970,562 2,021,478 1,887,076 33,446 34,199 38,609
USA 7,115,008 204,756 310,194 284,692 243,757 5,247 5,438 5,130
Asia 9,348,405 167,762 773,540 841,023 760,951 10,967 11,476 10,532
N. America 8,143,987 294,048 349,711 311,134 350,966 8,794 8,995 10,026
Oceania 29,276 885 244 407 654 37 55 112
N. America 7,793,727 285,211 310,585 350,966 362,868 8,988 10,019 10,710
Oceania 29,032 848 407 654 944 55 112 137
End of Week - as of September 6th
N. America 7,483,142 276,324 350,966 362,868 368,112 10,026 10,713 11,178
Oceania 28,625 793 654 944 1,487 112 137 97
End of Week - as of August 30th
Oceania 27,971 681 944 1,487 2,333 137 97 108
Made with React.js, Gatsby.js, and GraphQL, hosted on Netlify
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‘Wholly and completely false’
Alexis Levinson Political Reporter
New Jersey Lt. Gov. Kim Guadagno flatly denied allegations made this weekend by the mayor of Hoboken that Guadagno, on behalf of Gov. Chris Christie’s administration, had threatened to withhold aid money for recovery from Superstorm Sandy unless the mayor fast-tracked a real estate project supported by Christie.
The allegations, which Hoboken Mayor Dawn Zimmer made Saturday on MSNBC, were “wholly and completely false,” Guadagno said Monday at an event honoring Martin Luther King Jr., the Asbury Park Press reports.
Zimmer alleged that Guadagno told her that unless she helped push the project forward, “we are not going to be able to help you. I know it’s not right, these things should not be connected, but they are, she says. If you tell anyone I said that, I will deny it.”
Zimmer said that another administration official, Richard Constable III, the commissioner of the state Department of Community Affairs, which was charged with allotting aid money, told her “the money would start flowing to you” if she backed that project. A spokesman for Constable denied the allegations.
“Mayor [Dawn] Zimmer’s version of our conversation in May of 2013 is not only false but is illogical and does not withstand scrutiny when all of the facts are examined,” Guadagno said. “Any suggestion — any suggestion that Sandy funds were tied to the approval of any project in New Jersey — is completely false.”
Guadagno said the accusation was “particularly offensive” to her because she herself had also been “a Sandy victim.”
The lieutenant governor said that she had had friendly and collegial experiences with Zimmer before and after the conversation in which Zimmer alleges Guadagno threatened to withhold Sandy aid.
“I thought I had a good relationship with the mayor of Hoboken,” Guadagno said. “In fact, just three months after this conversation she said we had occurred, I was walking on the streets with her in Hoboken talking to her about urban markets – just three months after this conversation she said we had, and five months before she went to MSNBC.”
Zimmer gave a similar description of the relationship on Sunday, telling CNN’s Candy Crowley, “That’s part of the reason that this was so hard because I did have a really good relationship. And so I couldn’t believe that they were doing this.” She was responding to a question about why she had continue to praise the administration even after this alleged interaction.
Zimmer’s allegations follow reports showing that top aides to Christie had conspired to shut down several lanes on the George Washington Bridge and gridlock traffic in the New Jersey city of Fort Lee, apparently in retaliation for the mayor’s refusal to endorse Christie’s re-election bid. Christie denied all knowledge, but Zimmer’s allegation, if true, would lend credence to the idea that there is a culture of bullying in the administration, even if Christie himself did not personally oversee the actions.
Follow Alexis on Twitter
Tags : chris christie dawn zimmer elections 2013 msnbc new jersey
Alexis Levinson
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Congress Learned Of Syrian Refugees Entering The U.S. Just Recently
Kerry Picket Political Reporter
November 14, 2015 11:57 AM ET
The Obama administration did not tell Congress, until recently, that Syrian Refugees were arriving in Louisiana. According to a House Homeland Security Committee aide, Congress did not know about 13 Syrian refugees who arrived in New Orleans over the past two fiscal years until it was reported by a local news outlet 10 days ago.
This eliciting a warning from from the Committee about the lack of current intelligence regarding the refugees who are in the U.S. and those who will arrive in the future.
The Obama administration is looking to increase the number of Syrian refugees who may be admitted into the U.S. as well as speed up the process. The administration plans to do this, Reuters reports, by opening new screening outposts in Iraq and Lebanon. As of now, the administration promised to accept as many as 100,000 refugees each year by the end of 2017. The present annual cap is at 70,000.
“While all refugees are vetted against all known intelligence community holdings, the Committee is concerned that the lack of current, reliable intelligence on the ground in Syria makes it very difficult to determine with any certainty who is entering the United States. We could very well be accepting individuals connected to ISIS, al-Nusra, al-Qaeda or any one of the terror groups currently operating in Syria,” a committee aide told the Daily Caller in an e-mail.
Homeland Security Chairman [crscore]Michael McCaul[/crscore], an outspoken critic of the administration’s move to admit Syrian refugees into the United States held a committee hearing in June investigating Syrian refugee admissions.
It is unclear, however, if the Homeland Security Committee is confident that the Obama administration is keeping committee members up to date on each refugee that is admitted into the U.S.
Supporters of admitting refugees into the U.S. include Catholic organizations that supply resources and information for refugees who arrive in the United States.
“We had served two families, we’re expecting one more soon, and we do not know how many more, but we expect more,” Martin Gutierrez of Catholic Charities, which is part of the Archdiocese of New Orleans, told WVUE.
Vetting the refugees coming into the United States is nearly non-existent the FBI told Congress this summer.
“We don’t have it under control,” Mr. Michael Steinback, Assistant Director for the FBI told the House Homeland Security Committee in June. “Absolutely, we’re doing the best we can. If I were to say that we had it under control, then I would say I know of every single individual traveling. I don’t. And I don’t know every person there and I don’t know everyone coming back. So it’s not even close to being under control.”
Former New Orleans FBI chief and anti-terrorism expert Jim Bernazzani told WVUE, “If I was in charge of ISIL, logistically I’d take advantage of this situation and put my people in, into the United States,” Bernazzani said. “Now with that said, the FBI is on top of this big time with our Joint Terrorism Task Force and we have what’s called a Terrorist Screening Center that these individuals will be run through.”
Tags : mike mccaul refugees syria terrorism
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MICHELLE OBAMA HORRIFIED After Damning FOOTAGE GOES VIRAL See It Before It’s DELETED … AGAIN
Source| First Lady Michelle Obama got her history wrong on Wednesday at a naturalization ceremony when she claimed that the Founding Fathers weren’t born in America. The ceremony for 50 new U.S. citizens was held at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
“It’s amazing that just a few feet from here where I’m standing are the signatures of the 56 Founders who put their names on a Declaration that changed the course of history,” she said during her speech, referring to the Declaration of Independence. “And like the 50 of you, none of them were born American — they became American.”
Obama pointed out that the Founding Fathers pledged their lives and risked everything to create the United States of America after signing the Declaration of Independence.
“Just like you’re about to pledge allegiance to our flag, they pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor to this extraordinary idea that we now know as America — the notion that we are all created equal, endowed with fundamental rights and freedoms that no one can ever take away from us,” she said.
The First Lady explained that the Founding Fathers were “Americans-by-choice” just like the newly declared citizens.
“As the newest ‘Americans-by-choice,’ you, too, will play an important part in shaping our history,” she continued.
Immigrants, she explained, were essential to the continued growth of the United States.
“I know this is an exciting, hopeful time for all of you, but it’s also an exciting, hopeful time for our country,” she said. “Because the fact is, America needs you.”
Obama also reminded the new citizens of their importance to the historic character that immigrants brought to the country.
“Immigration is at the heart of how we developed as a nation,” she said. “In every generation, immigrants have earned their place as part of ‘We the People.’”
FDA Releases List Of 16 Dog Food Brands That May Be Harming Your Pooch
Dog owners, beware: the types and brands of dog food you give your pet...
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David O. Stewart
Topics & Testimonials
Oh, Those Vice Presidents
By David Stewart | March 10, 2008
After the dust-up over whether John McCain can be president, even though he was born in the Canal Zone (see last post), a friend asked what the citizenship requirements are for the vice president?
Aaron Burr, the killer Vice President
There are none. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention did not come up with the Vice President until the tail end of their summer in Philadelphia in 1787. So they did not think through the Vice President very well — that’s why the Twelfth Amendment had to be adopted to ensure that electors would cast one vote for president and one for number two.
But back to citizenship. The Constitution states only: “No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President.” Hmmm.
Does that mean only that you cannot be elected vice president unless you are a natural born citizen? This conclusion would construe the constitutional term “eligible” narrowly; the term would only apply to those individuals seeking election as president, not to those who might ascend to the presidency by operation of law. If that strict construction of the language is correct, then a foreign-born person could be elected vice president and accede to the presidency upon death or incapacity of the president.
This approach is somewhat consistent with the Constitution’s vexing ambiguity about what happens when a president dies or becomes incapacitated. When this first arose with the death of our ninth president, William Henry Harrison in 1841, there was confusion over what to call his successor, John Tyler. Was he the “acting President”? Or was he still the Vice President but performing the functions of the President? Or was he President? We have gotten used to the notion that the successor is the President, but nineteenth-century Americans had trouble with it. The Constitution is profoundly unhelpful on the subject. When a president dies or becomes incapacitated, his “powers and duties . . . shall devolve on the Vice President.” Congress can determine by legislation who shall “act as President” if both the president and vice president are dead or incapacitated. But is that successor actually the President? The Constitution sayeth not.
Back to the citizenship of the vice president.
Alternatively, the key language (“eligible to the office of president”) might mean that you cannot be in the line of presidential succession at all unless you are a natural-born citizen? That has some intuitive appeal. It would prevent someone being “eligible” to be president who was merely a naturalized citizen. Then only “natural born citizens” could be vice president. But what of the next level of sucessors — the Speaker of the House? The President pro tem of the Senate? Under the Constitution, members of the Senate and the House need not be natural born citizens, but need only have lived in this country for a minimum period (seven years for the House, nine for the Senate.) And what of members of the Cabinet? All of those officials may be naturalized citizens, and thus not “natural born citizens.” Under congressional legislation, all are “eligible” to be president.
Or perhaps, in the stupidest interpretation of the constitutional language (“eligible to the office of president”), it means that a naturalized citizen can be elected vice president but cannot thereafter become president. If that’s the correct interpretation, then no party should nominate for vice president a naturalized citizen.
Didn’t anyone think this through?
Next time, more on vice presidents.
Posted in Historical and Legal Commentary
Two Peas in a Pod: Trump and Andrew Johnson
Madness at the U.S. Capitol
It Matters How You Leave!
The Virtual Author Talk: How to, and How Not To
What Happens When the President Gets Sick?
Copyright © 2021 David O. Stewart. Site by AuthorBytes.
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Devonport Wharf
Photo taken by first-time contributor Jonathan Bourla, a 49-year-old man from Snells Beach, Auckland, New Zealand. Jonathan’s career as a fine art photographer has run almost concurrently with his battle with Major Depression. His depression was originally thought by his doctor to be a “grief reaction” after extended time caring for his father during terminal cancer, whilst also doing a demanding job. He was formally diagnosed as suffering from Major Depression in 1994. Trying to work at his photography was made very difficult by the continuing spells of depression. Things got progressively worse until 2006 when Jonathan was prescribed a new mixture of medications. Shortly thereafter things started to look up. In June of 2007, Jonathan held his first photography exhibition. Preparing for the exhibition, Jonathan asked the gallery owner if he should mention the battle with depression in his artist’s statement. The gallery owner thought it was best not to – “don’t want customers thinking the photos are depressing.” Jonathan thought this wrong, but in his inexperience had to bow to the gallery owner’s wishes. Since 2007, Jonathan has had a number of solo and group exhibitions, and continues to work at, and enjoy, his photography. He still has occasional spells of depression, but these are very minor in comparison to his earlier experiences.
About this photo: “I wanted to capture the waves breaking near to the Devonport Wharf, and obviously the wharf itself. Although I tend to photograph in late afternoon/evening, which gives me time to set up the camera, here I decided to photograph in the early morning light before sunrise. A lot of effort in the interpretation stage to make the water the highlight tonally.”
Find more from Jonathan at his website.
anxiety, art, art therapy, beach, depression, long exposure, mental health, mental illness, mindfulness, nature, ocean, photography, postaday, travel
Winter Fog
Floating Along
One thought on “Devonport Wharf”
spencersamalvin says:
Great story & photo, Jonathan! . . Glad you’re doing better than before . .
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Johnny Lujack Stephen Curry McKenzie Milton Sports NBA basketball Professional basketball Basketball Men's basketball NFL football Professional football Football College football College sports Women's sports Men's sports
By The Associated Press - Dec. 01, 2020 10:01 AM EST
1907 — Tommy Burns defends his world heavyweight title by knocking out Gunner Moir in the 10th round at London.
1944 — Ohio State quarterback Leslie Horvath wins the Heisman Trophy.
1947 — Notre Dame quarterback Johnny Lujack wins the Heisman Trophy.
1952 — Oklahoma halfback Billy Vessels is named the Heisman Trophy winner.
1958 — Army back Pete Dawkins is named the Heisman Trophy winner.
1977 — Veterinarian Mark Gerard is indicted in a horse-switching scandal. Cinzano, a purportedly dead 4-year-old champion colt, won a race on Sept. 23 at Belmont Park, under the name of Lebon, a 57-1 long shot.
1993 — The Houston Rockets tie the NBA record for the best start to a season, improving to 15-0 with a 94-85 victory over the New York Knicks. The Rockets matched the start of the 1948-49 Washington Capitols.
1995 — Notre Dame advances to the NCAA women’s soccer championship by becoming the first team to beat 13-time champion North Carolina in the national semifinals. The lone score comes when Tar Heels forward Cindy Parlow accidentally heads a ball into her own net.
2002 — Oakland’s Tim Brown and Jerry Rice take turns rewriting the NFL record book in a 26-20 win over the New York Jets. Brown becomes the third player with 1,000 receptions and the third with 14,000 yards receiving. Rich Gannon ties an NFL record with his ninth 300-yard passing game of the season. On the very next play after Brown’s 1,000th catch, Rice scores on a 26-yard catch, giving Oakland a 13-10 lead. It’s Rice’s record 192nd TD catch and puts him over 1,000 yards receiving for a record 14th season.
2009 — The New Jersey Nets are pounded into NBA infamy, falling 117-101 to the Dallas Mavericks for their 18th straight loss to start the season. The Nets pass the 1988-89 Miami Heat and 1999 Los Angeles Clippers, who both dropped their first 17 games.
2015 — Stephen Curry scores 40 points in three quarters and the Golden State Warriors defeat the Charlotte Hornets 116-99 to extend the best start in NBA history to 20-0. On a night when the Hornets honor Curry’s father, Dell, the franchise’s career scoring leader, it’s his oldest son who steals the spotlight by hitting 14 of 18 shots from the field and going 8 for 11 from 3-point range. Stephen Curry scored 28 points in the pivotal third quarter, including his team’s final 24.
2017 — McKenzie Milton of UCF passes for 494 yards and five TDs to help the 12th-ranked Knights win the American Athletic Conference title with a 62-55 victory over No. 16 Memphis in double overtime. The 117 points between UCF and Memphis sets a record for an FBS conference championship game.
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Discover A Brave Space with Dr. Meeks
Claim Ownership
A Brave Space with Dr. Meeks
Author: Dr. Catherine Meeks
Subscribed: 19Played: 79
© 2021 A Brave Space with Dr. Meeks
A Brave Space with Dr. Meeks will support the work of the Absalom Jones Center for Racial Healing in its mission of creating brave space where the truth can be told. The sessions will explore various topics that address the intersections between slavery, lynching, the prison industrial complex, the death penalty and 21st-century police killings and the ways in which these issues prohibit racial healing in America. There will be a wide variety of guests who will assist the host and Absalom Jones CenterDirector in engaging the crucial topic of racial healing from their wide range of experiences as resistors to racism and in seeking racial healing.
Inclusion and Multiculturalism
The Center of Racial Healing strives to be a place of inclusion and multiculturalism. But is there a difference between the two? In this episode, Chelsi and Dr. Meeks discuss inclusion and multiculturalism and where they intersect in our lives as people of faith.
Looking Back on 3 Years of the Center for Racial Healing
The Center for Racial Healing has now been open for just over 3 years! In this episode, Chelsi and Dr. Meeks take a look at the work the Center has and is doing in the work of Racial Healing and discuss some of the new initiatives.
A Final Conversation with Bishop Barbara C. Harris
In this episode, Dr. Catherine Meeks interviews Bishop Barbara C. Harris. This is one of the last recorded conversations with Bishop Harris before her journey into eternity in March of 2020. Dr. Meeks spoke with Bishop Harris in November of 2019 in Atlanta at the launch of the Bishop Barbara C. Harris Justice Project honoring her legacy of dismantling racism and social injustices. Bishop Barbara Clementine Harris was born on June 12, 1930 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Harris grew up in Germantown, a neighborhood of Philadelphia. Her mother, Beatrice Price Harris, played the organ for St. Barnabas Church and her father, Walter Harris, was a steelworker. While attending Philadelphia High School for Girls, where she excelled in music, Harris wrote a weekly column called High School Notes by Bobbi for the Philadelphia edition of the Pittsburgh Courier, an African American newspaper. After graduating from high school in 1948, she attended the Charles Morris Price School of Advertising and Journalism. She earned a certificate from Charles Morris Price in 1950. In later years, Harris would study at Villanova University and the Episcopal Divinity School.As a member of the Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity (ESCRU) since the late 1950s, Harris served on a number of diocesan committees. In the 1960s, she helped to form the Union of Black Clergy and Laity which was subsequently called the Union of Black Episcopalians (UBE). She was a member of the St. Dismas Fellowship and served on the board of the Pennsylvania Prison Society. During the summer of 1964, Harris volunteered with Delta Ministries in Greenville, Mississippi, educating and registering voters. In 1974, she advocated for the ordination of the “Philadelphia Eleven,” a group of women who had been ordained priests, but were labeled "irregular" by the Anglican Communion. By 1976, the church began to admit women priests and, in October 1980, Harris was ordained as a priest. After her ordination, she served as priest at St. Augustine of Hippo Church and as chaplain of Philadelphia County Prison.In 1984, Harris was appointed executive director of the Episcopal Church Publishing Company, molding the social direction of the Episcopal Church. Known for her strong advocacy for social justice, Harris was elected in 1988 as the consecrated Suffragan Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, becoming the first female bishop in the Anglican Communion. She served as bishop until 2002 when she retired at the age of seventy-two.
A Conversation with Special Guest The Rev. Canon Nan Arrington Peete
In this episode, Dr. Meeks sits down with the Rev. Canon Nan Arlington Peete. This episode was recorded in Atlanta in November 2019 at the unveiling of the Barbara Harris Justice Center.An Episcopalian priest, she was born on August 19, 1938, in Chicago, Illinois. She graduated from the University of Chicago Laboratory School in 1955. Prior to entering the seminary, Peete was a management consultant with Coopers and Lybrand Accounting Firm, where she was an expert in organizational management and financial analysis. After her ordination in 1984, Peete was the curate at St. Mark's Church in Upland, California, and in 1985 became rector of All Saints Church in Indianapolis. Working with the Indianapolis Episcopal Metro Council, she involved the parish in housing the homeless in the nave of the church, which eventually led to the development of the Dayspring family shelter ministry. From 1989 to 1994, Peete served in the Diocese of Atlanta as Canon to the Ordinary. In this assignment, she was responsible for the ordination process of priests, the Training-in-Ministry program, and the deployment of clergy for congregations seeking clergy.In 1988, Peete was invited by the Archbishop of Canterbury to be a consultant for the Lambeth Conference, a conference of Bishops representing Dioceses around the world. She was the first ordained woman to address this body, which meets every ten years in Canterbury, England. She faced opposition but also received tremendous support as she made her case in the speech she gave. The speech was well-received, and resulted in an international policy change and the ordination of many women priests and the subsequent ordination of women as Bishops of the Episcopal Church. She was also a speaker at the pre-Lambeth meeting of the Afro-Anglican Bishops, held in Cambridge, England. She has been invited to speak and preach at a number of international and national meetings, conventions and assemblies.From 1994 to 1999, Peete served on the staff at Trinity Church Wall Street as the associate for Pastoral and Outreach ministries, and as the Canon for Ministry in the Diocese of Southern Ohio from 1999 to 2003. She became Canon for Deployment and Ordination for the Diocese of Washington in March 2003. Nan retired in 2005 but continues to be active in the church.
A Conversation on Becoming Real and Thriving in Ministry with Special Guest Dr. Sandra Montes
In this episode, Dr. Meeks sits down with Dr. Sandra Montes and has a conversation centered on becoming real and thriving in ministry based on Dr. Montes's new book. Dr. Sandra Montes has been singing since she can speak. She has a doctorate in education and is presently Interim Director of Worship at Union Theological Seminary where she plans and leads multi-sensory worship experiences for the diverse population of Union. Her book, Becoming REAL and Thriving in Ministry talks about her experiences in evangelism, welcoming “the other” and church growth (spiritually and in numbers).
A Conversation on Respect and Dignity with Special Guest Dr. Beth-Sarah Wright
In this episode, Dr. Meeks sits down with Dr. Beth-Sarah Wright and has a conversation around respect and dignity based on her new book Dignity. In the Episcopal Church, we often speak of dignity. We especially speak of it when we renew our Baptismal Covenant in that we recommit ourselves to respecting the dignity of every human being. While we strive for this, sometimes we fall short. Listen in for the full conversation on dignity, the stories, and the challenges of living into this call as followers of Jesus.Atlanta-based inspirational writer and speaker, Dr. Beth-Sarah Wright tackles issues of authentic living as an observer and ethnographer, advocate for mental health and as an institutional strategist. She is the author of five books, Me? Depressed? A Story of Depression from Denial to Discovery, Ten Things I Wish I Knew About Depression Before It Almost Took My Life, a spiritual novel, Weeping May Endure for a Night, a book of poetry and spiritual reflections on the Nicene Creed, Becoming Who I Am: Reflections on Wholeness and Embracing Our Divine Stories and DIGNITY: Seven Strategies for Creating Authentic Community. She holds a PhD in Performance Studies from New York University, an MPhil in Anthropology from Cambridge University and a BA (magna cum laude) from Princeton University in Sociology and Afro-American studies. A former college professor at NYU and Spelman College, she currently serves as the Director of Enrollment Management at Holy Innocents’ Episcopal School and an Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at Emory School of Medicine. Dr. Wright is originally from Jamaica and has lived and studied worldwide, from Edinburgh, Scotland to San Juan, Puerto Rico. She is married to Robert C. Wright, the Episcopal Bishop of Atlanta and they are parents to 5 children: Jordan, Emmanuel, Selah, Noah and Moses-Daniel.
Reimagining Policing Pt. 2
The Absalom Jones Episcopal Center for Racial Healing invites you to participate in a series of three webinars focused on reimagining policing. The role of policing was imagined once. Yet the horrors of the ongoing War on Drugs, mass incarceration, and the police brutality that resulted in the deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and many other black and brown men, women and children, require us as people of faith and goodwill to use our collective energy to reimagine the role of policing today. The status quo is no longer an option.In this episode, Chelsi and Dr. Meeks have a conversation around what reforms might be needed and we as people of faith can do to be agents of change.
The Absalom Jones Episcopal Center for Racial Healing invites you to participate in a series of three webinars focused on reimagining policing. The role of policing was imagined once. Yet the horrors of the ongoing War on Drugs, mass incarceration, and the police brutality that resulted in the deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and many other black and brown men, women and children, require us as people of faith and goodwill to use our collective energy to reimagine the role of policing today. The status quo is no longer an option.In this episode, Chelsi and Dr. Meeks take a look at the current status of policing and the impact on communities of color.
A Cry To God Together: Lament In The Midst Of Covid-19 Pt. 2
The Absalom Jones Episcopal Center for Racial Healing invites you to participate in a series of three webinars exploring the public crying out to God regarding the loss of lives and livelihood during this pandemic.This is part 2 of a series of podcasts focused on the theme of the webinar: A Cry To God Together: Lament In The Midst Of Covid-19. In this episode, Chelsi and Dr. Meeks take a look at the current status of COVID-19 and the impact on communities of color.
International Women of Color Conference with Special Guest Dr. Jenny Te Paa Daniel
Dr. Meeks sits down at the International Women of Color Conference with Dr. Jenny Te Paa Daniel. Dr. Jenny is an internationally accomplished public theologian and professional consultant in higher education. Always a pioneer among indigenous women, she was the first Maori in the world to gain an academic degree in Theology (University of Auckland 1992). Te Paa Daniel was the first indigenous Anglican lay woman appointed to lead an Anglican theological college in the worldwide Anglican Communion.
International Women of Color Conference and Guest Heidi Kim
Dr. Meeks sits down at the International Women of Color Conference with Heidi Kim. Heidi currently serves as the Director for Servant Leadership at the Melrose Family Center. Heidi has extensive experience with empowering individuals and groups to identify assets and establish goals and objectives for creating inclusive, equitable communities. She is particularly gifted and dedicated to creating networks for inter-generational and inter-cultural conversations about diversity and inclusion.
International Women of Color Conference and Guest Dr. Angelique Murphy
Over the next few weeks, we will release a mini series from the International Women of Color Conference hosted at All Saints’ Atlanta by the Absalom Jones Center of Racial Healing. The first session is with Dr. Angelique Murphy. She trained at Morehouse School of Medicine and Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, GA. Her specialty training in Integrative Medicine supports her comprehensive, holistic approach to total health and well- being in Pediatric Medicine.
In this episode, Chelsi Glascoe and Dr. Meeks discuss the importance of Hispanic Heritage Month.
The Red Summer
In this episode, Chelsi Glascoe and Dr. Meeks discuss The Red Summer. The Red Summer, a string or massacres of African Americans, occurred in 1919 as a result of labor shortages in the United States.
Ida B. Wells
In this episode, Chelsi Glascoe and Dr. Meeks discuss Ida B. Wells and Dr. Meeks' upcoming book Passion for Justice: Ida B. Wells as a Prophet of our Time.
Welcome to a Brave Space with Dr. Meeks. In the pilot episode, listeners are introduced to Chelsi Glascoe, the host of A Brave Space with Dr. Meeks, and Dr. Catherine Meeks, Executive Director of the Absalom Jones Center for Racial Healing. Chelsi and Dr. Meeks have a conversation about the founding of the Center, the significance of its place in the Episcopal Church. After introductions, Chelsi and Dr. Meeks discuss the importance of remembering the 400th anniversary of slavery in the United States.
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Parliament right to ditch cuts to benefits for disadvantaged
Placing the burden of budget repair on those who can least afford it is wrong morally and economically.
The Australian Catholic Bishops Conference has welcomed the Federal Parliament’s decision to change plans to cut the energy supplement to welfare recipients. Plans to place the burden of budget repair on those who can least afford it were wrong morally and economically.
The President of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference, Archbishop Denis Hart, said the Catholic bishops were concerned about growing income inequality in Australia and its impacts on poor and disadvantaged communities.
“Australia is in danger of allowing the economy to become a kind of false god,” Archbishop Hart said. Image supplied.
“Cutting payments to the most vulnerable families and individuals in our community when their payments are already inadequate to meet their living costs, was a very concerning initiative,” Archbishop Hart said.
“Budget repair should be achieved without unfairly placing the burden on the most vulnerable and disadvantaged in our society.
“Putting further financial strain on people already suffering from income stress will only cause harm to them, their children and the communities they are in.
“Australia is in danger of allowing the economy to become a kind of false god to which even human beings have to be sacrificed.
“While we welcome today’s decision to work collaboratively with the other parties to drop the planned cuts, the Catholic bishops of Australia will continue to work to eliminate the structural causes of poverty and to promote the integral development of the poor.”
The rate of poverty in Australia is growing with an estimated 2.5 million people, or 13.9% of the population, currently living below the internationally measured poverty line. Disturbingly, 600,000 children now live below the poverty line.
“Unless the voices of vulnerable people are heard, we will not have a truly human society in which economic management serves human beings rather than the other way round,” Archbishop Hart said.
“That is why we are speaking out against cutting welfare payments in order to repair the budget – not in order to push an ideological line, but to give a voice to the voiceless and make sure their circumstances are understood and considered.”
Source: ACBC, 14 September 2016.
Archbishop Denis HartAustralian Catholic Bishops Conference
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Six Degrees of Separation, A Hungarian Experience
Mark Your Place: Bookmarks
Artists Working for All the People: Art in Action and the Work of Pauline Teller
April 25-November 4, 2008, Rosenberg Library, 2nd Floor Atrium
“Artists are people, working for the pleasure and profit of all the people. This is the new concept of art in a democracy as exhibited in the “Art in action.”
–Report of WPA Activities of the Golden Gate International Exposition, Works Projects Administration, 1940.
City College of San Francisco is home to the monumental mural, Pan American Unity painted by Diego Rivera at ‘Art in Action’ during the Golden Gate International Exposition in 1940. This exhibition is to honor all of the other artists who created art in view of the public during this unique event on Treasure Island in the summer of 1940.
“Here the visitor is privileged to observe a kind of twenty-ring circus of art…..On the floor, in a series of little ateliers, sculptors, painters, lithographers, etchers, ceramicists, weavers and whatnot are at work under the direct observation of the public.”
Alfred Frankenstein. “Diverse Attractions at the Golden Gate Fair.” New York Times, Jun 9, 1940
Most of the 68 artists demonstrating their craft while the public watched were volunteers. Some were paid by WPA and the San Francisco Board of Education. Research revealed the artists lives, their diversity, a special time in history, and the art they created. Many of their works can still be seen today throughout the Bay Area. City College of San Francisco is home to Organic and Inorganic Science, the mosaics of Herman Volz on Science Hall, the limestone bust, Leonardo da Vinci carved by Frederick Olmsted, and the Bighorn Mountain Ram and Goddess of the Forest carved by Dudley Carter. All of these monumental works were created “in the pit” at Art in Action while tourists stood behind a small railing and watched.
“[Government sponsorship was] the best thing that ever happened to me because it gave me more of an incentive to keep on working, where at the time things looked pretty dreary and I thought about getting out of it because, you know, I come from a family of people who thought all artists were drunkards and everything else. I thought I’d give it up at one time but I think the WPA helped me to stay.”
-Sargent Johnson San Francisco, CA, 1964
This project expands the representation of Art in Action in the Diego Rivera Archives at the Rosenberg Library at City College’s Ocean Campus. In a process of research begun with the City College Art Guide, Mary Marsh and Chloe Ramos curators of this exhibition, help us to look beyond the accomplishments of Rivera to those of his colleagues and to better understand the artistic exchange between all Art in Action artists.
Through their research Marsh and Ramos found one of the Art in Action artists, still living and making art in the Bay Area. Pauline Ivoncovich Teller demonstrated wood-carving at Art in Action, she shares with us her scrapbook, memories and artwork from 1940 to today.
City College Library Resources
California’s Living New Deal Project
Artists Working for All the People Bibliography: Books, Articles, Websites
Sites to See Handout: Public Art by Artists in ActionPauline Ivancovich Teller
We are pleased to present the life and work of Pauline Ivancovich Teller as one of the Art in Action artists still making work today. These paintings represent her career from the original works presented at the GGIE to her recent work. We have included selections from her scrapbook to provide other artifacts of an artist’s life.
Pauline Ivancovich was born in Marin County in 1914. She studied under William Rauschnabel at Marin Junior College (now College of Marin), during which time she created the poster advertising the Golden Gate International Exposition as a class assignment. It would mark the beginning of many official associations with the fair. She earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Fine Arts from Dominican College, studying under Leah Rinne Hamilton, before moving on to the California School of Fine Arts (now the San Francisco Art Institute). She later studied at the Carmel Art Institute and with Elizabeth Holland McDaniel and Connie Smith Siegel. Initially interested in becoming a doctor, Pauline found that she preferred art to science, and was encouraged to pursue her interests by Rauschnabel, then head of the art department at Marin Junior College and a member of the Marin Society of Artists.
Through friends John and Mary Bolles, Pauline was introduced to artist Jose Moya Del Pino. John and Moya were both founders of the Marin Society of Artists and invited Pauline to join them. In 1939 John, who had been hired as the architect of the Temple of Religion at the GGIE, commissioned Moya to create accompanying murals. Moya enlisted several Marin Society artists to assist, including Pauline. The mural she worked on depicted a map of Palestine featured in the Biblical Garden. Because the murals were to be quite large they were begun at a warehouse in San Anselmo and were moved to Treasure Island to be completed for the fair. Pauline was invited to work at the GGIE again in 1940, this time participating in Art in Action. She created redwood relief carvings in an area known as “the pit,” working alongside artists such as Dudley Carter and Fred Olmsted, whose work can be seen here at CCSF, and Helen Forbes, whose portrait of Pauline can be seen exhibited below. Pauline also exhibited early paintings in California Art Today (Fine Arts Building) at the GGIE.
Through her exposure at the GGIE, Pauline was invited to have her first solo show at the San Francisco Art Museum in 1941. As a member of the museum, as well as the San Francisco Society of Women Artists, she continued to exhibit in their Annuals from the late 1930’s on. In 1976, Pauline was asked to design a redwood plaque to represent the town of Ross among other Marin County cities and towns as part of the Bicentennial County Fair. Her plaque remains part of a permanent display at the Civic Center Auditorium in San Rafael.
Pauline’s work has evolved through several notable periods, from her early California landscapes and barns ranging from the 1930’s to the 1970’s, to her interest in color theory and abstracts in the early 1980’s. Visits to Taos and Santa Fe later in the 1980’s inspired a new period of Southwestern-themed works. A longtime Larkspur resident, Pauline has also frequently been inspired by the views of Mt. Tamalpais and Corte Madera Creek from her home studio. Her current subjects have come full circle, often returning to the landscapes that characterized her early work.
Over the years, Pauline has exhibited with the San Francisco Art Association, the San Francisco Society of Women Artists, the Marin Society of Artists, the Terra Linda Art Association, the Society of Western Artists, the Marin County and California State Fairs, and various galleries in California and New Mexico. She has had solo shows at the San Francisco Museum of Art, Dominican College, the Marin Civic Center and the Museum at Mission San Juan Capistrano. She is also a charter member of the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, DC. Her works can be found in the permanent collections at Dominican University, the California State Museum, Stanford University Hospital and many private collections.
Curatorial Statement:Artists Working for All the People
Over the years City College has been privileged to play host to a number of fine examples of Bay area art. This lasting relationship with local artists and artisans began with founding architect, Timothy Pflueger, who designed our first building, Science Hall. Several of the pieces City College is home to can be found in and around the hall, itself. From the Herman Volz mosaic on the east and west faces, to the Fred Olmsted murals inside the front entrance, to the huge stone heads of Leonardo and Edison. If you are a student here at City College, these are just a handful of the treasures that you walk by every day. These treasures are but a key to a vast and wonderful endeavor, long forgotten by the world at large. It is this endeavor, and the artists and craftsmen behind it, that we present to you in this exhibition.
In 1939, the Golden Gate International Exposition opened to the public on man-made Treasure Island. It was a world’s fair to lift a country’s spirits. Following so closely the tragedy of the Great Depression, it faced many monetary challenges. Challenge, however, often leads to greater innovation, and when the fair opened it was evident that it was to be something wholly different from the fairs that had come before. Its organizers had dreamt up “Pageant of the Pacific”, stepping away from the time-honored Euro-centric undertones of previous world’s fairs in order to pay tribute to the Ring of Fire’s many continental and island nations, and their multi-varied populations. It was truly California’s fair. When it came time to re-open the GGIE for 1940, however, the budget was stretched too thin to recreate the vast art collections presented to visitors the year prior. Enter Timothy Pflueger and the Art in Action exhibition.
Art in Action was the birthplace for many of the works that grace our campus. The event was much discussed at the time, in the art world and in the press. Google search or ask around about the exhibition today, however, and you will be hard pressed to find anything about it. What made the Art in Action portion of the fair so special was what it showcased. Rather than separating work from creator, it put the viewer in direct contact with the artist during the creative process. Artists volunteered weeks of their time, toiling without pay to bring a new dimension to the relationship between creator and their public. Working together in what was called “The Pit,” painting, sculpting, printing, throwing pottery, weaving, and other artistic methods were all laid open for the viewer, from conception to completion.
The idea of craftsmen working for the public good was common at the time. The government funded many public works in this era, having instituted numerous programs to boost the economy by providing artists, writers, architects, and builders with much needed employment. It was a time of new connections between workers of all kinds, and many of the artists who worked at Art in Action were already employed or had been previously employed in programs such as the WPA. They came together in this revolutionary event not only for the exposure but also to enrich the lives of the general public. It is for this reason, and for the event’s special relationship with our campus, that we bring you a look into these artists’ lives. Although many never achieved the lasting fame of artists like Diego Rivera, their struggles as well as their contributions to the art world and society at large makes them worthy of our remembrance.
Handouts are available to guide you to public art around the Bay Area by some of our featured artists. In addition to the wealth of information to be had in our library’s archive, a bibliography is also available for those interested in learning more about the artists and the fascinating times in which they lived, the stories of which are all the more relevant in our current sociopolitical environment. In closing, we hope that you enjoy the exhibition as much as we have enjoyed presenting it to you.
Pauline Ivancovich Teller
Rick Teller
Michele Salinas
CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Mary Marsh, CCSF Library- Co-curator, Research, Planning
Chloe Ramos-Peterson, CCSF intern – Co-curator, Research, Text, Planning
Kate Connell, CCSF Librarian, Library Exhibitions Curator
Lisa Conrad, SJSU Library program intern
Lucia Ruiz, CCSF student worker
Mark Albright, CCSF Graphic Production
Julia Bergman, City College of San Francisco, Archives – Photographs, Biographical Information
The National Archives – Photographs
Mariah Nielson, Art Librarian, Oakland Museum of California, Archives- Biographical Information
Jeff Gunderson, Librarian, San Francisco Art Institute, Anne Bremer Memorial Library – Documents
Christina Moretta, Photo Curator, SFPL, San Francisco History Center – Photographs
Smithsonian Archives of American Art, McChesney Oral History – Biographical Information
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Six Degrees of Separation, A Hungarian Experience Previous
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home Biography David Strathairn
Dahila Published On Tue Dec 22 2020 Modified On Tue Dec 22 2020
Facts of David Strathairn
Full Name David Russell Strathairn
Middle Name Russell
Last Name Strathairn
Birth Name David Russell Strathairn
Birth City San Francisco, California
Birth Country United States
Father Name Thomas Scott Strathairn, Jr.
Father Profession Physician
Mother Name Mary Frances Frazier
Mother Profession Nurse
Gender Identity Male
Horoscope Aquarius
Marital Status Married
Spouse Logan Goodman
No Of Children 2
Networth 8000000
Networth $8 M
Date of Birth January 26,1949
Married Date 1980
Body and Relation Status of David Strathairn
What is David Strathairn marital status ? Married
How many children does David Strathairn have ? 2
Who is David Strathairn married with? Logan Goodman
When was David Strathairn married? 1980
What is the height of David Strathairn? 182 cm
What is the weight of David Strathairn? kg
David Russell Strathairn is an Academy-nominated American actor. He is best known for his role as Edward R. Murrow in Good Night, and Good Luck, CIA Deputy Director Noah Vosen in the 2007 film The Bourne Ultimatum, and Dr. Lee Rosen on the Syfy series Alphas.
Short Biography: Age, Height, Parents, & Siblings
Strathairn is currently 71 years old. He was born on January 26, 1949, in San Francisco, California, to Mary Frances Frazier, a nurse, and Thomas Scott Strathairn, Jr., a physician. Talking about his height, he is 5 ft and 11½ in (1.82 m) tall.
His paternal grandfather, Thomas Scott Strathairn, was a Scottish immigrant and had Scottish and Irish ancestry. Meanwhile, his paternal grandmother, Jessie Lei Alana, who was from Hawaii, was of one half-Native Hawaiian, one-quarter Chinese, and one-quarter Portuguese descent.
From his mother's side, Strathairn has English and Scottish ancestry; his maternal grandmother was from Bruce, Ontario. David has two siblings, Tom Strathairn, who works as a teacher, and a sister named Anne Strathairn.
The 71-year-old attended Redwood High School in Larkspur, California. He graduated from Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 1970. David also studied clowning at the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Clown College in Venice, Florida.
David Strathairn Net Worth 2020: His Movies & Television shows
Strathairn has a net worth of $8 Million, as per Celebrity Net Worth. He made his film debut in 1980 with Return of the Secaucus 7, following which he appeared in movies such as Lovesick, Silkwood, Iceman, and The Brother from Another Planet, before making his television debut as Dr. Robert Hand on CBS soap opera Search for Tomorrow in 1984,
His television work includes a wide range of roles including Moss on the critically acclaimed The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd, Captain Keller in the 2000 remake of The Miracle Worker, Capt. Frederick Benteen in Son of the Morning Star, and Reverend Bobby Paradise in Paradise.
The 71-year-old had a recurring role on the hit television drama The Sopranos and starred as Marty Lang in the second-season episode titled Out Where the Buses Don't Run in NBC Miami Vice. In 2010, Strathairn played the role of Dr. Carlock in the biographical drama television film Temple Grandin, for which he earned a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.
Moreover, David was nominated for yet another Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for playing as the novelist "John Dos Passos" in the 2012 television film, Hemingway & Gellhorn. His other notable work includes a starring role of CBS newsman Edward R. Murrow in the 2005 biopic Good Night, and Good Luck for which he received several nominations, including an Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actor.
Who is David Strathairn married to? His Wife & Children
Strathairn has been married to nurse Mary Logan Goodman for four decades now. The two tied the knot in 1980 after dating for several years. As per IMDb bio, Logan was born on December 24, 1950, in Bennington, Vermont, USA.
David Strathairn with his wife, Logan Goodman at the NEW YORK STAGE AND FILM Annual Gala 2008. Source: Pinterest
Together, David and his wife, Logan, have two children; sons Tay Strathairn, born on October 31, 1980, and Ebberly Strathairn, born in 1987.
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Home gossip Scotty McCreery's Career Journey In Music: How Much is His Net Worth
Scotty McCreery's Career Journey In Music: How Much is His Net Worth
Rajeev Singh Published On Wed Mar 04 2020 Modified On Wed Mar 04 2020
An American country music singer, Scott Cooke McCreery is also known as Scotty McCreery. He is famous as the winner of the 10th season of American Idol. He also has released his own album and one of his debut- Clear as Day certified platinum across the United States.
Born in Garner, North Carolina, Scotty McCreery has an estimated net worth of $4 million. So let’s know the journey of Scotty’s career, which lead him to be a successful person. Let’s get started.
You Gonna Love This: Kaynette Williams
Scotty McCreery’s Career Journey in Music
Scotty began sinning as a child in Garner, North Carolina. Singing at the very early age gave him a way to local competitions and then after he won a singing contest in the nearby town of Clayton before he tried for the American Idol.
In 2011, he released his first song- I Love You This Big but it was not a super hit as Clear as Day. As the debut Clear as Day ranked 1st on many charts, Digital Album, Top Country Album and other. He released his second album in 2013 See You Tonight. The song reached the top ten on Billboard’s Hot Country Song chart.
Source: allstarbio
Scotty wrote the song with Ashley Gorley and Zach Crowell- Feelin' It which was released as the second single and debuted at number fifty-four on the Country Airplay chart. The single reached the top ten on Billboard Country Airplay.
In 2015, Scotty’s single- Southern Belle was released to digital retailers on August 17, 2015, and the single peaked at #45 on Billboard Country Airplay.
Source: Earn The Necklace
And back in 2017, Scott released his new single- Five More Minutes, is the first song ever released without a record label to ever chart on Country Aircheck. And in January 2018, this single became the first no single on the country’s chart.
Discover This: Is American Singer Kirstin Maldonado Married or Planning For Her Married? Know Her Affairs and Rumors
Scott McCreery won several awards for music and singing, including Academy of Country Music Awards, CMT Music Awards, American Country Awards, Nashville Songwriter Awards, and Carolina Beach Music Awards.
Scotty McCreery- Net Worth
Scotty has an estimated net worth of $4 million. All of his fortunes came from selling the album since the beginning of his career. As his album- Clear as Day was sold for more than 1 million copies only in United State. Again his song I Love You This Big was sold more than 900 thousand copies.
As the very young age, Scott has achieved huge achievement and we hope his success to rise continuously in his upcoming days.
Read Another: Who Is Colombian Singer J Balvin Dating at Present: What About His Past Affairs?
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Relay for Life raises over $30,000 for the American Cancer Society
MAT SCOTT
Students and staff gathered in the Mitchell Center on Friday night for Denison’s annual Relay for Life, an event dedicated to remembering and honoring those who are currently battling or who have lost or survived their fights with cancer.
“I’ve been affected by family members who’ve had cancer, and I know a lot of friends have as well,” said Max Meirow ‘18, who raised over $100 for the event. “This event always means a lot to me and to my friends to really acknowledge the reality of cancer and work toward its cure.”
Students had the option to register as a team or as an individual. Teams were formed from various campus organizations and groups, including athletic teams such as the swim and dive team and sororities such as Kappa Alpha Theta.
The key event of the evening was the luminaria ceremony in the Livingston Gym, during which Mary Lindsey, assistant to the director of campus safety and security, shared her personal experiences with breast cancer.
Following Lindsey’s speech, Denison Chaplain Mark Orten led students through the ceremonial breaking of the glow sticks which were handed out as students entered the gymnasium. Students were instructed to break their glow sticks when Orten read the category into which they fell, such as having lost a mother, grandfather, sibling or friend to cancer.
“When I started 13 years ago, my first year here,” said Orten.
“The only person that I knew was my grandmother, which was personal enough, but in the 13 years since the first time, my uncle and just in the last year my father have had some type of cancer. My uncle died, and my father is recovering, but it’s become increasingly personal.”
Orten continued this sentiment, drawing on his experiences as Chaplain.
He said, “It is true that in my work as Chaplain, it is natural that I would be asked, but I’m still very grateful to be a part of it.”
The event was organized by students with help from the American Cancer Society. Students such as Andrea Moreno ‘16, Callie Pace ‘18, and Molly Reckinger ‘18 were all members of the committee that organized and planned the event.
Moreno, the president of the committee, said, “It’s personal to me because my grandfather died from cancer, and I feel the huge power of information about cancer research and what people can do to prevent cancer in themselves or anyone else, really.”
“It’s not as well-attended as we would like it to be,” Moreno said. “Of course there are always the people who come back every year to do the event, but we would like to reach more people. Our goal every year isn’t to raise a certain amount of money, it’s to have our community come and actually be here and support everyone and each other.”
The event also featured a performance by The Ready Set and an amateur drag show put on by Outlook.
photo: Grace Heutel / The Denisonian
Student workers have no limit of hours permitted to work
Denison women’s fencing team achieves varsity status
Drew Johnson elected as DCGA president
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August 18, 2019 devinsper 4 Comments
Every country, democracies included, bars entry to those who reject its authority and seek to undermine it. The United States does not allow entrance to supporters of Al Qaeda or ISIS, maintains a no-fly list of tens-of-thousands of such people, and a terrorist watch list containing 2.5 million additional names. That Tlaib and Omar are members of congress does not make them less obnoxious than other anti-Semites, it only makes them more dangerous. Nor does it entitle them to violate Israel’s sovereignty or anti-BDS law.
Democratic Party Representatives Rashida Tlaib and Ilhan Omar support, and have ties to, organizations seeking the destruction of Israel including Hamas, as well as anti-Semitic organizations such as Louis Farrakhan’s nation of Islam. No sane, self-respecting country allows entrance to people working towards her destruction. Why should Israel accept this hypocritical anti-Semitic double standard?
Yet that is exactly what Democratic politicians are demanding Israel do. The Democratic congressional caucus could not manage a simple condemnation of Omar and Tlaib’s hateful statements about Jews and Israel but has plenty of criticism for Israel for barring them. That there is an anti-Semitic double standard towards the Jewish State is not news, that Jewish Representatives like Nadler and Schumer have so internalized it is pitiful. Such politicians claim to support Israel while working directly against her government’s policy, laws, and interests. They now openly defend two members of their own caucus whom they know to be vicious anti-Semites sworn to the destruction of the Jewish State.
Israel’s decision to bar Omar and Tlaib from entering the country exposes these false friends of Israel. which is why they so vehemently protest Israel’s decision. To paraphrase Shakespeare: Methinks they doth protest too much.
What is more surprising is AIPAC’s defense of Tlaiband Omar’s right to create provocations, promote boycotts, and delegitimize Israel. After all it was AIPAC that Omar referred to in her infamous remark that “It’s all about the Benjamins baby.” AIPAC is supposed to be a lobby defending Israel’s positions to the U.S. congress and not the other way around.
This is not AIPAC’s first lapse in judgement. The organization supported the morally indefensible expulsion of the Jews of Gaza arguing that their charge is to support the policy of the government of Israel. Yet, here they place themselves in direct opposition to the policy of her democratically elected government. The only thing consistent about AIPAC’s position is that they were on the wrong side of both issues.
Had Israel listened to such misguided advice and allowed Tlaib and Omar into the country, we would today be witness to countless hours of their provocations in the media, and the inevitable condemnations from a liberal press predisposed to believe the worst about the Jewish State. Tlaib and Omar would have gained stature and credibility as critics of Israel claiming first-hand experience of her “cruelty and oppression.” By barring these two anti-Semites Israel has asserted her self-respect and sovereignty and the issue will be forgotten by the next new cycle.
Some U.S. Jews may be swayed by the irrational arguments being made by Democratic politicians and media on behalf of Tlaib and Omar, but Israeli voters will not be so easily fooled. Israeli politicians, like Yair Lapid, who have parroted the Democratic party line on this, will be punished in the upcoming election and Prime Minister Netanyahu rewarded by the Israeli people for standing firm against their enemies. Some say that Netanyahu does this, primarily, to please Israeli voters. And what, pray tell, is wrong with that? To whom should the Prime Minister of Israel be beholden if not the people who elected him and whom he is pledged to protect? It is high time that Israeli politicians placed the will of the Israeli people above the sensibilities of their mortal enemies.
It is a pity that Israel’s government did not have the backbone to bar Omar and Tlaib until prompted to do so by President Trump. Nevertheless, the final decision was a good one, and an important one. The end result is a moral victory for Israel and a demoralizing defeat for her enemies.
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Legendary guitar maker Paul Reed Smith (founder of PRS Guitars), a team of renowned scientists and physicians, and a former Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration are launching a new technology to develop enhanced, sharper X-rays while significantly reducing the amount of radiation exposed to patients and medical providers.
The new company, Digital Harmonic™ LLC, has developed a proprietary and patented image and waveform
technology that aims to revolutionize how the medical community implements x-rays. The company has already raised $5 million and is seeking to raise another $5 million to fund its growth.
The technology is the result of a decade of research that started with Paul Reed Smith’s late father Jack Smith, an applied mathematician. Combining his understanding of precision mathematics and physics together with
his son Paul’s understanding of sound and harmonics from guitar making created this revolutionary technology.
“We figured out how to extract previously undetected data out of complex sound waveforms and then applied that new theory to create remarkably detailed images,” said Smith. “The potential for the medical community
to be able to get much more precise images is exciting.”
Smith continues: “As a mathematical and physics solution, this image and waveform technology could truly
revolutionize the practice of medical imaging by providing physicians with images that provide much greater detail. Most existing medical solutions are either chemical, radiation or mechanical. This new approach
proposes a mathematical and physics solution for medicine.”
Digital Harmonic has assembled an advisory board of nationally prominent scientists and medical experts who will help guide the development of its products, including:
Dr. Andrew C. von Eschenbach, President, Samaritan Health Initiatives Inc., former head of the Food and Drug
Administration, former Director, National Cancer Institute;
William G. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D., director of the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Medical Center;
Theodore DeWeese, M.D. Professor and Chairman of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences,
Johns Hopkins;
John Wong, Ph.D., Professor of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins;
Alex Szalay, Ph.D, Professor of Astrophysics and Computer Sciences, Johns Hopkins;
Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Associate Professor of Oncology, Johns Hopkins;
Elliott McVeigh, Ph.D Professor, Bioengineering, University of California San Diego;
Paul Reed Smith, General Managing Partner-PRS Guitars and a principal inventor of the Company’s proprietary
technology; and,
Michael C. Hibler, MPA, Director of Development, Johns Hopkins.
In addition to developing the technology for increasing image resolution for x-rays, the company expects
to utilize its patented image, sound and analytic abilities to manufacture products to aid other diagnostic
technologies in addition to x-rays.
Smith said the company’s proprietary technology could also have wide applications in the defense community, which relies on access to precise image analysis. The company is currently in contract negotiations with a
major defense contractor for the U.S. Navy.
Digital Harmonic™ LLC commenced operations upon achieving its minimum funding requirement of $5 million. The company will continue to accept subscriptions for additional units until it reaches its maximum initial
funding of $10 million. According to a Private Placement Memorandum, each unit is $500,000, which may be fractionalized at the company’s discretion.
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Category: mortality
Medical weapons of mass destruction
A continuing tradition, in which COVID is the latest example
After a hundred years of intense propaganda promoting the idea that diseases are everywhere, and each disease is caused by a single germ, which must be killed by a medical drug…
The fallout has been extreme, to say the least.
Let’s start here:
When will hysterical defenders of “science” face up to the destruction the US medical system is causing?
Millions of masked people, who border on hysteria, believe they know COVID science.
On closer examination, these people believe what their television sets tell them. They believe Fauci because he’s on television, and he’s talking from the White House, and he disagrees with Trump.
Of the millions who believe in Fauci television science, there are many who will say science is “studies.” They are quite sure these studies back up what Fauci and Redfield are spouting, and any contradictory studies would be artifacts dreamed up by secret minions of Trump.
I recently analyzed COVID-19 from the point of view of false data.
COVID case numbers and death numbers are being fraudulently inflated to the skies. That’s an enormous crime, because the lockdowns and the economic devastation have been based on these data.
Now I want to apply that same direct analysis to the entire US medical system. In this instance…
True data are buried, hidden, and ignored.
What data? Actual numbers of deaths and maiming CAUSED by medical treatment.
When you see the dimensions of this crime and this mass human tragedy, you’ll also see further implications—titanic insurance fraud, tax fraud, and, indeed, millions upon millions of work-hours irretrievably lost to the nation’s economy.
Insurance companies are paying out billions of dollars for medical treatment that is destructive, not helpful.
Insurance companies are also paying billions in death benefits as a result of doctors, not diseases, killing people.
And all this medical destruction is being subsidized by the taxpayer.
No one has calculated the $$ cost. No one can calculate the tragic human cost.
Now here is the analysis. Understand that the vital data in these mainstream reports have been briefly revealed, then hidden.
ONE: “The Epidemic of Sickness and Death from Prescription Drugs.” The author is Donald Light, who teaches at Rowan University, and was the 2013 recipient of ASA’s [American Sociological Association’s] Distinguished Career Award for the Practice of Sociology. Light is a founding fellow of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2013, he was a fellow at the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvard. He is a Lokey Visiting Professor at Stanford University.
Donald Light: “Epidemiologically, appropriately prescribed, prescription drugs are the fourth leading cause of death, tied with stroke at about 2,460 deaths each week in the United States. About 330,000 patients die each year from prescription drugs in the United States and Europe. They [the drugs] cause an epidemic of about 20 times more hospitalizations [6.6 million annually], as well as falls, road accidents, and [annually] about 80 million medically minor problems such as pains, discomforts, and dysfunctions that hobble productivity or the ability to care for others. Deaths and adverse effects from overmedication, errors, and self-medication would increase these figures.” (ASA publication, “Footnotes,” November 2014)
TWO: Journal of the American Medical Association, April 15, 1998: “Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients.”
The authors, led by Jason Lazarou, culled 39 previous studies on patients in hospitals. These patients, who received drugs in hospitals, or were admitted to hospitals because they were suffering from the drugs doctors had given them, met the following fate:
Every year, in the US, between 76,000 and 137,000 hospitalized patients die as a direct result of the drugs.
Beyond that, every year 2.2 million hospitalized patients experience serious adverse reactions to the drugs.
The authors write: “…Our study on ADRs [Adverse Drug Reactions], which excludes medication errors, had a different objective: to show that there are a large number of ADRs even when the drugs are properly prescribed and administered.”
So this study had nothing to do with doctor errors, nurse errors, or improper combining of drugs. And it only counted people killed or maimed who were admitted to hospitals. It didn’t begin to tally all the people taking pharmaceuticals who died as consequence of the drugs, at home.
THREE: July 26, 2000, Journal of the American Medical Association; author, Dr. Barbara Starfield, revered public health expert at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health; “Is US health really the best in the world?”
Starfield reported that the US medical system kills 225,000 Americans per year. 106,000 as a result of FDA-approved medical drugs, and 119,000 as a result of mistreatment and errors in hospitals. Extrapolate the numbers to a decade: that’s 2.25 million deaths. You might want to read that last number again.
I interviewed Starfield in 2009. I asked her whether she was aware of any overall effort by the US government to eliminate this holocaust. She answered a resounding NO. She also said her estimate of medically caused deaths in America was on the conservative side.
FOUR: BMJ June 7, 2012 (BMJ 2012:344:e3989). Author, Jeanne Lenzer. Lenzer refers to a report by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices: “It [the Institute] calculated that in 2011 prescription drugs were associated with two to four million people in the US experiencing ‘serious, disabling, or fatal injuries, including 128,000 deaths.’”
The report called this “one of the most significant perils to humans resulting from human activity.”
The report was compiled by outside researchers who went into the FDA’s own database of “serious adverse [medical-drug] events.”
Therefore, to say the FDA isn’t aware of this finding would be absurd. The FDA knows. The FDA knows and it isn’t saying anything about it, because the FDA certifies, as safe and effective, all the medical drugs that are routinely maiming and killing Americans. Every public health agency knows the truth.
FIVE: None of the above reports factor in death or injury by vaccine.
The US system for reporting severe adverse effects of vaccines is broken.
Barbara Loe Fisher, of the private National Vaccine Information Center, has put together a reasonable analysis:
“But how many children have [adverse] vaccine reactions every year? Is it really only one in 110,000 or one in a million who are left permanently disabled after vaccination? Former FDA Commissioner David Kessler observed in 1993 that less than 1 percent of doctors report adverse events following prescription drug use. [See DA Kessler, ‘Introducing MEDWatch,’ JAMA, June 2, 1993: 2765-2768]”
“There have been estimates that perhaps less than 5 or 10 percent of doctors report hospitalizations, injuries, deaths, or other serious health problems following vaccination. The 1986 Vaccine Injury Act contained no legal sanctions for not reporting; doctors can refuse to report and suffer no consequences.”
“Even so, each year about 12,000 reports are made to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System [VAERS]; parents as well as doctors can make those reports. [See RT Chen, B. Hibbs, ‘Vaccine safety,’ Pediatric Annals, July 1998: 445-458]”
“However, if that number represents only 10 percent of what is actually occurring, then the actual number may be 120,000 vaccine-adverse events [per year]. If doctors report vaccine reactions as infrequently as Dr. Kessler said they report prescription-drug reactions, and the number 12,000 is only 1 percent of the actual total, then the real number may be 1.2 million vaccine-adverse events annually.”
Medical crimes.
Medically caused deaths of friends, family members, loved ones, who are buried along with the truth.
No criminal investigations, no prosecutions, no guilty verdicts, no prison sentences.
But of course, you can believe everything leading lights of the US medical system tell you about COVID.
You can believe everything the press—who buries the truth about this medical holocaust—tells you about COVID.
Given the reports on medically caused death and maiming I’ve just cited and described in this article, it’s obvious that…
Leading medical journals around the world, which routinely publish glowing accounts of clinical trials of medical drugs…
Are spilling over with rank fraud, on page after page.
Indeed, here is a stunning quote from a woman who has quite probably read and analyzed more medical-drug studies than any doctor in the world:
“It is simply no longer possible to believe much of the clinical research that is published, or to rely on the judgment of trusted physicians or authoritative medical guidelines. I take no pleasure in this conclusion, which I reached slowly and reluctantly over my two decades as an editor of The New England Journal of Medicine.” (Dr. Marcia Angell, NY Review of Books, January 15, 2009, “Drug Companies & Doctors: A Story of Corruption)
Compare that quote with one from “the father of COVID science,” Tony Fauci. In an interview with the National Geographic, Fauci stated: “Anybody can claim to be an expert even when they have no idea what they’re talking about…If something is published in places like New England Journal of Medicine, Science, Nature, Cell, or JAMA—you know, generally that is quite well peer-reviewed because the editors and the editorial staff of those journals really take things very seriously.”
They take things so seriously, they routinely publish glowing studies of medical drugs that are killing people in great numbers.
Johns Hopkins study explodes COVID death hoax; it’s re-labeling on a grand scale
“This patient who died had an ordinary heart attack.”
“Not anymore. We’re repackaging it as COVID.”
Don’t blink. Johns Hopkins may delete or retract their analysis at any moment. Their author’s study is devastating. Too hot to handle.
UPDATE: Yes, I wrote that opener a few hours before Johns Hopkins stepped in and DID retract the article. Boom. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Hopkins claims the article has been used to spread misinformation about the pandemic, and contains factual errors. CDC is cited as one correct source of facts. Hmm.
Regardless, here is my article, finished before the Johns Hopkins retraction. Since then, I’ve only polished it a bit in several places, for clarity:
Months ago, I told you this, in a number of articles: The overwhelming percentage of people who are “dying from the virus” are actually dying from traditional diseases.
These people have been relabeled and repackaged as “COVID-19.”
It has nothing to do with “the virus.”
A new analysis from Johns Hopkins confirms this in spades.
The Johns Hopkins News-Letter article, in a student publication, is headlined, “A closer look at US deaths due to COVID-19.” It lays out the case made by “Genevieve Briand, assistant program director of the Applied Economics master’s degree program at Hopkins.”
As you keep reading, keep this in mind: If the so-called increase in mortality from COVID is offset, almost exactly, by a decrease in deaths from all other major diseases…
Indicating that the so-called COVID deaths are nothing more than an exercise in re-labeling, then…
You can say there is a new coronavirus, but it’s even less harmful than flu, because virtually everybody recovers…
Or you can say the whole story of a new coronavirus is a fake narrative. There is no new virus.
My readers know I’ve been offering much evidence for the latter conclusion.
Here are key quotes from the Johns Hopkins News-Letter article:
“These data analyses suggest that in contrast to most people’s assumptions, the number of deaths by COVID-19 is not alarming. In fact, it has relatively no effect on deaths in the United States.”
“This comes as a shock to many people. How is it that the data lie so far from our perception?”
“When Briand looked at the 2020 data during that seasonal period, COVID-19-related deaths exceeded deaths from heart diseases. This was highly unusual since heart disease has always prevailed as the leading cause of deaths. However, when taking a closer look at the death numbers, she noted something strange. As Briand compared the number of deaths per cause during that period in 2020 to [deaths per cause in] 2018, she noticed that instead of the expected drastic increase across all causes, there was a significant decrease in deaths due to heart disease. Even more surprising, as seen in the graph below, this sudden decline in deaths is observed for all other causes.”
“This trend is completely contrary to the pattern observed in all previous years. Interestingly, as depicted in the table below, the total decrease in deaths by other causes almost exactly equals the increase in deaths by COVID-19. This suggests, according to Briand, that the COVID-19 death toll is misleading. Briand believes that deaths due to heart diseases, respiratory diseases, influenza and pneumonia may instead be [may have been] recategorized as being due to COVID-19.”
“The CDC classified all deaths that are related to COVID-19 simply as COVID-19 deaths. Even patients dying from other underlying diseases but are infected with COVID-19 count as COVID-19 deaths. This is likely the main explanation as to why COVID-19 deaths drastically increased while deaths by all other diseases experienced a significant decrease.”
“’All of this points to no evidence that COVID-19 created any excess deaths. Total death numbers are not above normal death numbers. We found no evidence to the contrary,’ Briand concluded.”
“’If [the COVID-19 death toll] was not misleading at all, what we should have observed is an increased number of heart attacks and increased COVID-19 numbers. But a decreased number of heart attacks and all the other death causes doesn’t give us a choice but to point to some misclassification [re-labeling],’ Briand replied.”
“In other words, the effect of COVID-19 on deaths in the U.S. is considered problematic only when it increases the total number of deaths or the true death burden by a significant amount in addition to the expected deaths by other causes. Since the crude number of total deaths by all causes before and after COVID-19 [was first announced] has stayed the same, one can hardly say, in Briand’s view, that COVID-19 deaths are concerning.”
Of course, there is some mealy-mouthed backtracking in the article. The virus is deadly and the pandemic is real, etc. But the data are the data.
The whole COVID operation is a hoax.
If I thought other honest researchers would investigate and re-calculate the Hopkins analysis, I would say, let’s see what they come up with. But based on my experience, there will be, at best, a brief flurry of articles in the press about this extraordinary finding, and then the scientific and press denizens will move on, as if nothing happened. That is their way. They briefly expose a scandal and then they slither off to cover up the scandal.
The other possibility is: Hopkins will retract the analysis, claiming it was flawed. That is the other strategy the low-crawling creatures sometimes deploy.
Hoax. Con. Fake.
As I keep reporting, the virus (never proven to exist) is the cover story for the true phase-one goal: destruction of the economy.
If the virus were real, if it were attacking people left and right, the all-cause mortality numbers would be through the roof.
But they aren’t.
“I have a great idea, Bill. Let’s declare a fake pandemic. We’ll report all sorts of high death numbers. But really, we’ll just be subtracting numbers from other traditional diseases that cause deaths, and we’ll add those numbers to our fake pandemic.”
“Sounds great, Tony. Can you pull it off? I mean, it’s pretty obvious.”
“Sure, we can pull it off. And if some journalist with a mainstream reputation or an institution suddenly develops a brief infection of ETHICS, we’ll call their work a mistake or a lapse in judgment.”
“You mean an institution like the World Health Organization or Johns Hopkins?”
“Right. We’ll say the institution didn’t issue the study, it was just one of their people, a lone researcher. And if necessary, the institution, under pressure, will back off. But that’s assuming anyone noticed the study in the first place. Normally, these ‘revelations’ surface for a moment and then sink like a stone. No one cares. A pandemic is a money waterfall. The beneficiaries won’t sacrifice their bottom lines, or their reputations…”
Of course, people can rise up and raise holy hell.
[1] https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2020/11/a-closer-look-at-u-s-deaths-due-to-covid-19
[2] https://web.archive.org/web/20201126163323/https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2020/11/a-closer-look-at-u-s-deaths-due-to-covid-19
[3] https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iO0K75EZAF8dkNDkDmM3L4zNNY0X-Xw5/view
[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TKJN61aflI
Murder by lockdown: details from a dozen countries
Make that 13, plus one city, New York
The reference here is a stunning May 23 article by John Pospichal, “Questions for lockdown apologists,” posted at medium.com.
(This is part-4 in the series, “Killing Old People”. For part-3, click here.)
Pospichal examined overall mortality numbers for Austria, Belgium, Denmark, England and Wales, France, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ecuador, and New York City.
Supported by charts, here are excerpts from his article:
“We now have mortality data for the first few months of 2020 for many countries, and, as you might expect, there were steep increases associated with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in each one.”
“Surprisingly, however, these increases did not begin before the lockdowns were imposed, but after. Moreover, in almost every case, they began immediately after. Often, mortality numbers were on a downward trend before suddenly reversing course after lockdowns were decreed.”
“This is an astonishing finding…”
“You will notice that only after each country (or city) was locked down did the increases begin. Moreover, they began immediately, and in nearly every case, precipitously.”
“All this leads us to the following questions, which we pose to all those who continue to defend the use of lockdowns as an effective means to prevent excess deaths.”
“Q: Why was there no significant increase in overall mortality, in any country we have good data for, before the start of lockdowns?”
“Q: Why does a precise and exact correlation exist between the start of lockdowns and significant rises in overall mortality?”
“Q: How is it that governments in every country imposed lockdowns at precisely the same time relative to the future precipitous rise in their populations’ overall mortality rate?”
“Q: How is it, moreover, that this moment in time [i.e., the imposition of lockdowns] happened to fall immediately before that precipitous rise?”
“Q: If health authorities vastly underestimated the prevalence of the virus at the beginning of the pandemic, why did the virus nevertheless wait until lockdowns were imposed to suddenly start killing at levels which exceeded normal deaths?”
—To that last question, I would respond: No virus would wait. We’re not talking about a virus at all. We’re talking about the sudden effects of the lockdowns.
And those sudden death-effects would come crashing down, first, and immediately, on the most vulnerable people in these countries:
The elderly, who were already ill for years.
THE LOCKDOWNS FORCED THE PREMATURE DEATHS OF OLD PEOPLE.
PEOPLE WHO HAD BEEN SUFFERING FROM MULTIPLE HEALTH CONDITIONS FOR YEARS, WHO HAD BEEN TREATED WITH TOXIC MEDICAL DRUGS, WHOSE IMMUNE SYSTEMS WERE ALREADY SEVERELY COMPROMISED…
AND WHO ARE SUDDENLY TERRIFIED BY TWO MORE FACTORS—THE POSSIBILITY OF A COVID-19 DIAGNOSIS, AND ISOLATION FROM FRIENDS AND FAMILY. THESE TWO FACTORS PUSH THEM OVER THE EDGE AND THEY DIE.
Especially in nursing homes; but also in hospitals, and in their homes.
This is the true face of “COVID.”
This is how the case numbers and the death numbers are being propped up all over the world, to yield the impression of a virus on the loose.
Without those huge numbers, the whole vicious charade of a pandemic would be exposed and rejected at once.
The lockdowns are a method of killing.
The governors and mayors and presidents and prime ministers who imposed the lockdowns—and behind them, the planners of “COVID”— have been killing old people.
Coronavirus Mortality Study Continues to Confirm Overall Mortality Not Much Different Than a Bad Seasonal Flu
(Joe Hoft) On March 17, 2020, we were the first to identify that the WHO and the WHO’s Director General Tedros were pushing fraudulent numbers regarding the expected mortality of the coronavirus. The WHO over-stated the mortality rate of the virus by at least 20 times the actual number.
The post Coronavirus Mortality Study Continues to Confirm Overall Mortality Not Much Different Than a Bad Seasonal Flu appeared on Stillness in the Storm.
65,000 Troops In Service, According to Chief of the National Guard
And We Know — 1.19.21: The STAGE is SET! Open YOUR eyes! Trust in the President! (Video)
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How Congress Could Fix Its Budget Woes, Permanently
by Ellen Brown / February 13th, 2013
As Congress struggles through one budget crisis after another, it is becoming increasingly evident that austerity doesn’t work. We cannot possibly pay off a $16 trillion debt by tightening our belts, slashing public services, and raising taxes. Historically, when the deficit has been reduced, the money supply has been reduced along with it, throwing the economy into recession. After a thorough analysis of statistics from dozens of countries forced to apply austerity plans by the World Bank and IMF, former World Bank chief economist Joseph Stiglitz called austerity plans a “suicide pact.”
Congress already has in its hands the power to solve the nation’s budget challenges – today and permanently. But it has been artificially constrained from using that power by misguided economic dogma, dogma generated by the interests it serves. We have bought into the idea that there is not enough money to feed and house our population, rebuild our roads and bridges, or fund our most important programs — that there is no alternative but to slash budgets and deficits if we are to survive. We have a mountain of critical work to do, improving our schools, rebuilding our infrastructure, pursuing our research goals, and so forth. And with millions of unemployed and underemployed, the people are there to do it. What we don’t have, we are told, is just the money to bring workers and resources together.
But we do have it. Or we could.
Money today is simply a legal agreement between parties. Nothing backs it but “the full faith and credit of the United States.” The United States could issue its credit directly to fund its own budget, just as our forebears did in the American colonies and as Abraham Lincoln did in the Civil War.
Any serious discussion of this alternative has long been taboo among economists and politicians. But in a landmark speech on February 6, 2013, Adair Turner, chairman of Britain’s Financial Services Authority, broke the taboo with a historic speech recommending that approach. According to a February 7th article in Reuters, Turner is one of the most influential financial policy makers in the world. His recommendation was supported by a 75-page paper explaining why handing out newly-created money to citizens and governments could solve economic woes globally and would not lead to hyperinflation.
Our Money Exists Only at the Will and Pleasure of Banks
Government-issued money would work because it addresses the problem at its source. Today, we have no permanent money supply. People and governments are drowning in debt because our money comes into existence only as a debt to banks at interest. As Robert Hemphill of the Atlanta Federal Reserve observed in the 1930s:
We are completely dependent on the commercial banks. Someone has to borrow every dollar we have in circulation, cash or credit. If the banks create ample synthetic money, we are prosperous; if not, we starve.
In the U.S. monetary system, the only money that is not borrowed from banks is the “base money” or “monetary base” created by the Treasury and the Federal Reserve (the Fed). The Treasury creates only the tiny portion consisting of coins. All of the rest is created by the Fed.
Despite its name, the Fed is at best only quasi-federal; and most of the money it creates is electronic rather than paper. We the people have no access to this money, which is not turned over to the government or the people but goes directly into the reserve accounts of private banks at the Fed.
It goes there and it stays there. Except for the small amount of “vault cash” available for withdrawal from commercial banks, bank reserves do not leave the doors of the central bank. According to Peter Stella, former head of the Central Banking and Monetary and Foreign Exchange Operations Divisions at the International Monetary Fund:
[I]n a modern monetary system – fiat money, floating exchange rate world – there is absolutely no correlation between bank reserves and lending. . . . [B]anks do not lend “reserves”. . . .
Whether commercial banks let the reserves they have acquired through QE sit “idle” or lend them out in the internet bank market 10,000 times in one day among themselves, the aggregate reserves at the central bank at the end of that day will be the same.
Banks do not lend their reserves to us, but they do lend them to each other. The reserves are what they need to clear checks between banks. Reserves move from one reserve account to another; but the total money in bank reserve accounts remains unchanged, unless the Fed itself issues new money or extinguishes it.
The base money to which we have no access includes that created on a computer screen through “quantitative easing” (QE), which now exceeds $3 trillion. That explains why QE has not driven the economy into hyperinflation, as the deficit hawks have long predicted; and why it has not created jobs, as was its purported mission. The Fed’s QE money simply does not get into the circulating money supply at all.
What we the people have in our bank accounts is a mere reflection of the base money that is the exclusive domain of the bankers’ club. Banks borrow from the Fed and each other at near-zero rates, then lend this money to us at 4% or 8% or 30%, depending on what the market will bear. Like in a house of mirrors, the Fed’s “base money” gets multiplied over and over whenever “bank credit” is deposited and relent; and that illusory house of mirrors is what we call our money supply.
We Need “Quantitative Easing” for the People
The quantitative easing engaged in by central banks today is not what UK Professor Richard Werner intended when he invented the term. Werner advised the Japanese in the 1990s, when they were caught in a spiral of “debt deflation” like the one we are struggling with now. What he had in mind was credit creation by the central bank for productive purposes in the real, physical economy. But like central banks now, the Bank of Japan simply directed its QE fire hose at the banks. Werner complains:
[A]ll QE is doing is to help banks increase the liquidity of their portfolios by getting rid of longer-dated and slightly less liquid assets and raising cash. . . . Reserve expansion is a standard monetarist policy and required no new label.
The QE he recommended was more along the lines of the money-printing engaged in by the American settlers in colonial times and by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The colonists’ paper scrip and Lincoln’s “greenbacks” consisted, not of bank loans, but of paper receipts from the government acknowledging goods and services delivered to the government. The receipts circulated as money in the economy, and in the colonies they were accepted in the payment of taxes.
The best of these models was in Benjamin Franklin’s colony of Pennsylvania, where government-issued money got into the economy by way of loans issued by a publicly-owned bank. Except for an excise tax on liquor, the government was funded entirely without taxes; there was no government debt; and price inflation did not result. In 1938, Dr. Richard A. Lester, an economist at Princeton University, wrote, “The price level during the 52 years prior to the American Revolution and while Pennsylvania was on a paper standard was more stable than the American price level has been during any succeeding fifty-year period.”
The Inflation Conundrum
The threat of price inflation is the excuse invariably used for discouraging this sort of “irresponsible” monetary policy today, based on the Milton Friedman dictum that “inflation is everywhere and always a monetary phenomenon.” When the quantity of money goes up, says the theory, more money will be chasing fewer goods, driving prices up.
What it overlooks is the supply side of the equation. As long as workers are sitting idle and materials are available, increased “demand” will put workers to work creating more “supply.” Supply will rise along with demand, and prices will remain stable.
True, today these additional workers might be in China or they might be robots. But the principle still holds: if we want the increased supply necessary to satisfy the needs of the people and the economy, more money must first be injected into the economy. Demand drives supply. People must have money in their pockets before they can shop, stimulating increased production. Production doesn’t need as many human workers as it once did. To get enough money in the economy to drive the needed supply, it might be time to issue a national dividend divided equally among the people.
Increased demand will drive up prices only when the economy hits full productive capacities. It is at that point, and not before, that taxes may need to be levied—not to fund the federal budget, but to prevent “overheating” and keep prices stable. Overheating in the current economy could be a long time coming, however, since according to the Fed’s figures, $4 trillion needs to be added into the money supply just to get it back to where it was in 2008.
Taxes might be avoided altogether, if excess funds were pulled out with fees charged for various government services. A good place to start might be with banking services rendered by publicly-owned banks that returned their profits to the public.
Taking a Lesson from Iceland: Austerity Doesn’t Work
The Federal Reserve has lavished over $13 trillion in computer-generated bail-out money on the banks, and still the economy is flagging and the debt ceiling refuses to go away. If this money had been pumped into the real economy instead of into the black hole of the private banking system, we might have a thriving economy today.
We need to take a lesson from Iceland, which turned its hopelessly insolvent economy around when other European countries were drowning in debt despite severe austerity measures. Iceland’s president Olafur Grimson was asked at the Davos conference in January 2013 why his country had survived where Europe had failed. He replied:
I think it surprises a lot of people that a year ago we were accepted by the world as a failed financial system, but now we are back on recovery with economic growth and very little unemployment, and I think the primary reason is that . . . we didn’t follow the traditional prevailing orthodoxies of the Western world in the last 30 years. We introduced currency controls; we let the banks fail; we provided support for the poor; we didn’t introduce austerity measures of the scale you are seeing here in Europe. And the end result four years later is that Iceland is enjoying progress and recovery very different from the other countries that suffered from the financial crisis. [Emphasis added.]
He added:
[W]hy do [we] consider the banks to be the holy churches of the modern economy? . . . The theory that you have to bail out banks is a theory about bankers enjoying for their own profit the success and then letting ordinary people bear the failure through taxes and austerity, and people in enlightened democracies are not going to accept that in the long run.
The Road to Prosperity
We are waking up from the long night of our delusion. We do not need to follow the prevailing economic orthodoxies, which have consistently failed and are not corroborated by empirical data. We need a permanent money supply, and the money must come from somewhere. It is the right and duty of government to provide a money supply that is adequate and sustainable.
It is also the duty of government to provide the public services necessary for a secure and prosperous life for its people. As Thomas Edison observed in the 1920s, if the government can issue a dollar bond, it can issue a dollar bill. Both are backed by “the full faith and credit of the United States.” The government can pay for all the services its people need and eliminate budget crises permanently, simply by issuing the dollars to pay for them, debt-free and interest-free.
Ellen Brown is an attorney, founder of the Public Banking Institute, and author of twelve books, including the best-selling Web of Debt. In The Public Bank Solution, her latest book, she explores successful public banking models historically and globally. Read other articles by Ellen, or visit Ellen's website.
This article was posted on Wednesday, February 13th, 2013 at 8:45pm and is filed under Debt, Iceland.
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Netflix Execs React To Disney’s Streaming Momentum: “Super-Impressive” But No ‘Bridgertons’ In Forecast
‘Harry Potter And The Cursed Child’ Snatches Broadway’s Lyric Theatre
By Erik Pedersen, Jeremy Gerard
UPDATE 7:45 P.M.: The mystery of the Putsch Of Paramour is solved: Cirque Du Soleil’s $25 million Broadway venture at Ambassador Theatre Group’s Lyric Theatre has been vanquished by Harry Potter as the Wizarding World heads for the Great White Way. The London smash Harry Potter And The Cursed Child will move into the Lyric in 2018, after extensive renovations to reduce Broadway’s ungainliest barn into a more intimate space..
Ambassador Theatre Group
“Exciting,” Cursed Child producer Colin Callender told Deadline, “Our very own home in NYC.”
EARLIER: ATG plans a multi-million dollar renovation to completely transform, remodel and reconfigure the 1,900 seat theater into a scaled down, more intimate playhouse, with approximately 1,500 seats. Producers Sonia Friedman and Callender, and J.K. Rowling confirmed the plan Thursday afternoon.
Broadway Shocker: Cirque Du Soleil's 'Paramour' To Close At Lyric
“We are thrilled about ATG’s ambitious plans, which will provide a once in a lifetime opportunity to create a unique theatre space tailored to the specific needs of the production over the play’s two parts,” they said in a joint statement. “The remodeled Lyric will include a smaller auditorium redesigned to the specifications of the Harry Potter and the Cursed Child team, as well as an adapted proscenium and stage that can house designer Christine Jones’ glorious set without swamping or compromising director John Tiffany’s brilliant staging. The spacious front of house environment will also be transformed to optimize the atmosphere and audience experience,”
“But above all,” Friedman and Callender further commented, “ATG’s plans will provide Harry Potter and the Cursed Child with a bespoke home that will be intimate enough for a drama, yet big enough for us to deliver on our commitment to provide audiences with access to low priced tickets throughout the auditorium.”
Rowling said “I’m delighted we are one step closer in bringing Harry Potter and the Cursed Child to Broadway and very excited by the proposed plans.”
The booking — along with the promised renovation, which is expected to cost millions — demonstrates the lengths Broadway landlords were willing to go to get Cursed Child, which is shaping up to be one of the biggest hits of all time. Not since the Shubert Organization spent a sizable sum to reinforce the Majestic Theatre in order to accommodate The Phantom Of The Opera, has a show demanded such a commitment. (It was money well spent, of course. The Phantom has been printing money at the Majestic since 1988.) In the case of Cursed Child, the expenses are somewhat in the family, as Friedman’s production company is part of ATG, the largest theater owner in the UK.
Related Magic On The Streets Of London: ‘Harry Potter and the Cursed Child’ Gala Opening Review
The booking at the Lyric, one of Broadway’s two larges houses, represents a major blow to Broadway’s traditional landlords, the Shubert Organization (which owns 17 theaters), the Nederlander Organization (nine) and Jujamcyn (five). The UK-based Ambassador is the new kid on the block and looks to have booked a show that could prove to be The Lion King and Hamilton combined. ATG’s other Main Stem house, the Hudson Theater, is expected to open this spring after renovations and updating.
Meanwhile, Harry Potter and the Cursed Child is killing it at the Palace Theatre in the West End, playing to sold-out houses, earning rave reviews and tickets being scalped for as much as $8,000.
Netflix Execs React To Disney's Streaming Momentum: "Super-Impressive" But No 'Bridgertons' In Forecast
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India’s largest ever ‘eye in the sky’ will take on its neighbours
India is upgrading its spy satellite system by launching another ‘eye in the sky’ on May 22. The South Asian country’s new addition will be able to pierce through clouds, and capture ‘the real picture’ of its borders, amidst intensifying geopolitical tensions. The Radar Satellite (RISAT) 2BR1 is the latest addition to the RISAT series of India’s defensive satellites. This is an upgrade over its predecessors and adds to India’s surveillance capabilities.
On one side, India will be able to monitor the Indian Ocean for Chinese naval ships more efficiently and, on the other, keep an eye on the Arabian Sea for Pakistani warships.Even Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and the Line of Control (LoC) that runs between Pakistan and India will be under surveillance — day and night.
RISAT 2BR1 is first of the five planned military satellites that Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has planned for 2019. This is an impressive record for ISRO, which launches one or two military satellites a year.
RISAT-1 was successfully launched on 26 April 2012 for a period of five years. It is first indigenous microwave remote sensing satellite designed and developed by ISRO. It was launched by PSLV-C19 into sun’s synchronous orbit at an altitude of 536 km.
It was not designed as a surveillance satellite as it relied on the C-band. Its data was extensively used for applications like natural resources management, in areas of agriculture planning, mainly paddy monitoring in kharif season, forestry surveys and disaster management support, during natural disasters like floods and cyclones.
About to be deployed RISAT-2BR1 satellite uses same SAR band and will further improve India’s imaging reconnaissance (surveillance) abilities.
Piercing the Clouds
RISAT 1 and RISAT 2 are strong surveillance satellites in their own right. But RISAT 2BR1’s X Band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can pierce through the clouds, and has a resolution of up to one meter.
Increased resolution means, it can decipher between different objects on the ground provided they’re at least a meter apart.
RISAT 2, launched in 2009, was India’s first reconnaissance satellite, also known as spy or intelligence satellites.
The original X Band SAR on board was a military grade sensor radar from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). It was actually launched before RISAT 1, officially an agricultural satellite, in lieu of the 2009 Mumbai terror attacks which called for increased vigilance along the borders.
Striking resolution
Images from RISAT 2 are known to have played a role in conducting the surgical strikes along India’s LoC in 2016, as well as the 2019 Balakot airstrike.
The indigenously manufactured X Band SAR on RISAT 2BR1 uses the motion of the radar’s antenna to scan over the area where the target is assigned.
So, rather than use conventional beam scanning to capture an image, X Band SAR uses radar pulse calculations to create a spatial resolution. Larger the aperture, or longer that radar pulses take to return, the higher the image resolution.
The RISAT 2BR1 will launch from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh abroad one of the variants of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).
Source:- Business insider
The History of Migs with Indian Air Force
by defenceupdate · Published March 21, 2019 · Last modified May 6, 2019
Operation whitewash:- When a terrifying new weapon was born!!!!
by defenceupdate · Published August 25, 2019 · Last modified November 27, 2019
India’s bold attempt for an indigenous Triangular Antenna Array AWACS on Airbus 330
by defenceupdate · Published November 27, 2019
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‘Game of Thrones’ grabs 23 Emmy nods
‘People v. O.J. Simpson’ close behind with 22
By Lucas Shaw © 2016, Bloomberg
Thursday, July 14, 2016 11:28 AM
Joe Naufahu, left, and Emilia Clarke perform in a scene from the season six premiere of “Game of Thrones.” On Thursday, Clarke was nominated for outstanding supporting actress in a drama series for her role.
Macall B. Polay/HBO via AP
“Game of Thrones,” HBO’s epic fantasy series, was nominated for 23 Emmy awards, including best TV drama, propelling Time Warner Inc.’s premium cable network to the front of the pack in the annual race for television’s top honors.
Last year’s winner for best drama, “Game of Thrones” will compete for the Emmy with “The Americans,” “Better Call Saul,” “Downton Abbey,” “House of Cards,” “Mr. Robot” and “Homeland,” the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences said Thursday in Los Angeles.
The nominations and the annual awards show give TV networks the opportunity to promote their top shows and bring in new viewers, a particularly tough challenge these days as Hollywood produces a record number of scripted series for an ever-increasing number of outlets. Streaming services from Netflix Inc. and Amazon.com Inc. now vie for viewers alongside broadcast and cable networks such as CBS, HBO, Showtime and FX.
Last year’s top comedy, “Veep,” the HBO series featuring Julia Louis-Dreyfus, will vie again for that award with “Black-ish,” “Master of None,” “Modern Family,” “Silicon Valley,” “Transparent” and “Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt.” The contenders for the Emmys were announced by Anthony Anderson, a nominee for his role in “Black-ish” and Lauren Graham, of “Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life.”
While HBO was the clear leader, 21st Century Fox’s FX network and Netflix stood out, getting 38 more nominations between them this year. FX garnered 22 alone for the widely watched limited series “The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story.” Cuba Gooding Jr. was nominated for best actor for his portrayal of the former college and professional football star. Comcast Corp.’s USA Network will compete in the best drama series for its critically acclaimed “Mr. Robot.”
Streaming services have pursued awards to validate their efforts at producing their own shows and build credibility with Hollywood’s creative community.
Netflix, with one of the largest production budgets in Hollywood, stood out with its perennial political thriller “House of Cards” at 13 nominations, while shows including “Bloodline,” “Chef’s Table,” “Grace and Frankie” also will vie for Emmys. Hulu, the streaming service owned by major broadcast networks, got its first nominations, one for “Triumph’s Election Special” and another for the adaptation of novelist Stephen King’s “11.22.63.”
All of the newer players must still chase HBO, which swept the top prizes in drama and comedy last year. The Emmy voters tend to be conservative, recognizing the same shows year after year. However, last year’s wins for “Transparent,” an Amazon.com comedy about a father transitioning into a woman, and ABC’s “How to Get Away With Murder,” a murder mystery with black woman in the lead role, led to commentary on transgender rights, sexism and ageism in Hollywood.
Race may be part of the discussion this year as well given recent strife between police and black citizens and two series about O.J. Simpson. Nominees from the FX series about Simpson include Sarah Paulson, for her role as prosecutor Marcia Clark, and Courtney B. Vance, who portrayed defense attorney Johnnie Cochran.
The 68th Primetime Emmy Awards will air live at 6 p.m. MST on Sept. 18 on ABC. Jimmy Kimmel, star of the network’s late-night show, will host the program. ABC earned 35 nominations, including for best comedy “Black-ish” and “Modern Family.” Last year’s show on Fox drew 11.9 million viewers, the smallest audience on record for the program.
Recent Film, TV and Streaming
‘Parasite’ director Bong Joon Ho to head Venice Film Festival jury
Sundance adds Coogler-produced ‘Judas’
Jeremy Bulloch, Boba Fett in first ‘Star Wars’ trilogy, dies
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Home > David Winker
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Page Editor: David Winker
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Top 12 outstanding Estonians in the world 2019
By Estonian World / December 30, 2019 January 2, 2020 / Leave a Comment / Life, People
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Estonian World has a long history in compiling lists of top Estonians for pretty much any occasion. 2019 was a volatile year in the world, in Estonia and for Estonians globally, so this year, our editors decided to put together a list of Estonians who stood out in their field and/or were outspoken at home to the extent of making headlines beyond the borders.
This list is in a random order, not in the order of anyone’s preference.
Kelly Sildaru (Facebook).
By Silver Tambur
Women’s ski slopestyle is not a sort of sports that is on everyone’s lips or attracting millions of TV-viewers – like football or tennis do, for example. But gosh, isn’t Kelly Sildaru good at it?
Sildaru started skiing when she was two and got into freestyle-skiing at the age of five. By the time Sildaru was 11, she had been noticed by the international sports press – Euronews called her “the future star of freestyle skiing” – and videos of her breathtakingly brave style started circling on YouTube.
But it wasn’t merely the style – there was also persistence and hard work that has paid off. In 2016, Sildaru made free-skiing history, becoming the youngest athlete ever to win a gold medal at the Winter X Games, world’s leading extreme sports competition that take place annually in Aspen, Colorado, the United States. In 2017, she defended her title from 2016 and at 14, became the youngest to win two gold medals in the X Games.
She missed the slopestyle competition at the 2018 Winter Olympics because of injury, but was back in shape in Aspen, in January 2019, setting a new X Games women’s slopestyle record with a score of 99.00 and winning her third gold medal of the competition.
TOMM¥ €A$H
Tommy Cash (Facebook).
By Sten Hankewitz
Tommy Cash may be one of the biggest stars Estonia has ever produced. Born Tomas Tammemets, he is an Estonian rapper who in 2019 went on his first tour of North America as an opening act of one Oliver Tree on the latter’s “Goodbye, Farewell Tour”, where Cash participated in shows that, for example in Chicago, IL, were sold out in an arena that accommodates at least 700 people.
Cash was born in Tallinn and is of mixed ethnic Estonian, Russian, Ukrainian and Kazakh origin. He has described himself as first and foremost an Estonian. He is a known freestyle dancer, and in 2018, he released a clothing line that subversively imitates western styles with eastern elements and in-jokes.
In November 2018, Cash released his second album ¥€$; in 2019, he had an exhibition at the Kumu art museum in Tallinn. And, as a cherry on top, he has over 708,000 followers on Instagram.
Also, my wife tells me Tommy Cash is a huge-ass global star. That’s got to count for something.
Lili Milani
Lili Milani. Photo: Hendrik Osula.
Until recently, most of the positive international coverage about Estonia has been about the country’s digital state and its affiliated programmes, such as e-residency. In 2019, Estonia as a country made positive news for two other reasons – the country’s success at PISA tests and its genetic data project, led by Lili Milani, the head researcher at Estonian Genome Centre of the University of Tartu.
Starting in 2018 and continuing this year, the centre ran the Estonian government-backed project to collect the DNA samples of 150,000 Estonians – with the aim of collecting genetic data and integrating it into every-day medical practice by giving people feedback of their personal genetic risks. The data will be linked with the national health information system from 2019-2022.
Estonia’s genetic data project in this format is unique in the world and in 2019, stirred much interest abroad. According to Milani, the collected genetic data in Estonia will also help scientists conduct a wider medical research – all the participants who donated their DNA sample have given their consent for this. She has also published research papers in magazines such as Genome Research, Nature, Science, Nature Genetics and BMC Genomics.
Despite her Iranian roots – she was born to Iranian parents in Sweden – Milani has publicly said that she feels Estonian and likes that feeling.
Markus Villig
Markus Villig (Bolt).
A 19-year-old student, in 2013, founded a company in Tallinn. He was frustrated by the waiting time and expense of taxis in the Estonian capital, Tallinn – especially in the weekend nights when returning from a night out. He launched a mobile app that allows people to request a taxi or private driver from their smartphone. The app also shows the price and waiting time. The company later also expanded into electric scooters and food delivery services.
That 19-year-old student was Markus Villig. The company he launched was Taxify – now known as Bolt. His company currently operates in over 30 countries and in more than 150 cities around the world. It all may sound like, “that man was Moe Green, and the city he invented was Las Vegas”, but Markus, unlike Moe Green, is not fictional. Well, we could compare him with the real-life Ben Siegel, but you get the point, and Bugsy wasn’t that interesting.
This year saw Bolt become a unicorn – a startup with the valuation over USD1 billion. Bolt was one of the two Estonian-founded companies – among 403 startups – the New York City-based research firm, CB Insights – listed in its unicorn list.
Ott Tänak (Facebook).
“My mother said to me yesterday evening that ‘if Ott wants something, then he can make it happen’ and I just had to make it happen,” Ott Tänak said in an interview given to the WRC live broadcast, straight after it was clear he had won the World Rally Championship, after successfully completing the Rally de Catalunya in Spain in October. Thank God for supportive mothers all around the world!
At one of the recent Estonishing Evenings events in Tallinn, a Swiss expat described Estonians as very “stubborn people”. Thinking about it, he was right. Stubbornness can be negative – when one is on a wrong course and refuses to admit a mistake. But it can certainly be a positive force when one is on a right track, refuses to give up and ultimately, succeeds and wins.
Tänak belongs to the latter category – it took him ten years to claim the ultimate WRC prize. He made his World Rally Championship debut at the 2009 Rally de Portugal, scored his first WRC points at the 2011 Rally Mexico and claimed his maiden race victory in Italy in 2017. In 2019, teamed with co-driver Martin Järveoja and competing for Toyota, Tänak won most of the races throughout the year and secured his first drivers’ championship win – the first Estonian to do so.
If you think that’s a small feat, consider this: since the drivers’ championship was first awarded in 1977, drivers from just nine countries – France, Finland, Italy, United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, Spain, Norway, and now Estonia – have won the title.
Riina Kionka
Riina Kionka at her desk in Brussels. © European Union
Riina Kionka is, undoubtedly, one of the coolest people I have the honour of knowing and calling my friend. An Estonian-American – born in Detroit, Michigan – Kionka says she’s an accidental diplomat who, as a kid, wanted to be a musician and a conductor. However, fate had other plans for her. In high school, she decided she “didn’t want to spend the hours in dingy, windowless basement practice rooms” – and she decided to choose a career in international relations.
She worked as an analyst at Radio Free Europe before joining the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1993. Kionka was Estonia’s ambassador to Germany from 2000-2004; in 2005, she joined the Council of the European Union where she headed a unit dealing with transatlantic relations and the United Nations. In 2007, she became Javier Solana’s special representative on human rights and in 2014 she joined Donald Tusk’s cabinet as chief foreign policy adviser.
In October this year, she assumed her new post as the European Union’s ambassador to the Republic of South Africa. Federica Mogherini, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, appointed her to the post on 9 October.
Kionka told Estonian World that her overarching task in South Africa is to represent the EU and its policies to the host government as well as to be “the eyes and ears of Brussels” in South Africa.
Arvo Pärt. Photo: Birgit Püve.
Back in 2002, when I was working in a small picturesque village in England’s Lake District, I came across to a local steamboat captain who, when hearing my origins, excitedly exclaimed: “Oh, Estonia! Arvo Pärt is from Estonia.” Admittedly, there are many Pärt fans around the world who do not know where the composer comes from – but the local captain, who looked like the eccentric scientist Dr Emmett “Doc” Brown from “Back to the Future”, wasn’t one of them (and apparently, he had all Pärt’s albums lined up at home).
Whether they know Pärt’s origins or not, there are tens if not hundreds of thousands of fans of his compositions around the world – including some global names such as Paul McCartney, Sting (who, while on a tour stop in Tallinn this summer, made sure to meet Pärt at his namesake centre in Laulasmaa), Michael Stipe, Björk and Thom Yorke.
Pärt’s music is not confined to private listening either. In January, it was announced by the classical music event database, Bachtrack, that Pärt had been for the eighth year in a row the world’s most performed living composer. Bachtrack calculates a series of statistics each year that show the number of times the work of each composer has been performed around the world.
Transferwise founders
Kristo Käärmann and Taavet Hinrikus, the founders of TransferWise (TransferWise).
We’re sure you know nothing about TransferWise and you’ve never used its services, so let us fill you in. It’s a money-transfer startup, founded in 2011, by two Estonians, Taavet Hinrikus and Kristo Käärmann. The company is based in London, once the capital of the British Empire, but nevertheless we regard it an Estonian startup.
And this year, it became the most valuable fintech startup in Europe after an investment round that valued the company at USD3.5 billion. Yes, that’s billion with a b. Nine zeroes.
The USD3.5 billion valuation is more than double the company achieved in late 2017 at the time of its USD280 million Series E round.
So yeah, the founders of TransferWise, a company that now has more than 1,600 employees worldwide, is another collective outstanding global Estonian of 2019.
Paavo Järvi. Photo: Zdeněk Chrapek.
A truly global Estonian, Paavo Järvi has for years conducted the world’s finest orchestras, whether it be in Berlin or Moscow, Paris or Tokyo – but 2019 was extraordinarily successful for the conductor.
This autumn, Järvi was named the Conductor of the Year by Germany’s leading classical music awards, Opus Klassik, for his recording of the complete Sibelius Symphonies with the Orchestre de Paris. The award ceremony took place at the Berlin Konzerthaus on 13 October and was broadcast in Germany on ZDF and promoted on the leading streaming service for classical music, Idagio.
“As the son of a famous conductor [Neeme Järvi], Paavo Järvi has achieved world-wide success. He is one of the most sought-after orchestral conductors of our time. This autumn, he looks forward to his first season as Chief Conductor of the Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich, while continuing to direct the NHK Symphony Orchestra in Tokyo, as well as The Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen,” Opus Klassik said in a statement, while announcing the award.
And despite his seemingly constant travels, Järvi remains committed to promoting Estonian music throughout the world as well as staging innovative performances and producing high-quality recordings throughout Estonia. In the spring, the conductor led the Estonian Festival Orchestra’s tour in Japan. With sell-out concerts in Hamamatsu, Fukui, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima and Tokyo’s Suntory Hall, the public was invited to hear a conversation with Järvi and members of the orchestra introducing the Japanese audience to Estonian culture before each concert.
Kõigi Eesti
Kõigi Eesti’s concert, Kõigi Eesti Laul (Kõigi Eesti).
On 3 March, Estonia held a general election. The Reform Party won, and everyone expected its leader, Kaja Kallas, to become prime minister. And, it all went tits-up from there.
The sitting prime minister, the leader of the centre-left Centre Party, Jüri Ratas, decided the seat he was holding at Stenbock House was too valuable to lose. So, instead of conceding defeat and sodding off, he was committed to hold on to his chair and form a coalition of convenience – although we’ve yet to know what the convenience part for him was. He invited the centre-right conservative Isamaa and the far-right populist, anti-immigration, homophobic, all-in-all a racist bunch, known as the Estonian Conservative People’s Party (or EKRE), to participate in the coalition talks. Sure, they had 19 seats in the parliament, but considering who won the election, it wasn’t supposed to be Ratas’s decision in the first place.
Well, Ratas’s lack of self-criticism and his reluctance to face the election results led to a coalition that shouldn’t have been. And that blasphemy gave birth to one of the biggest popular movements in the post-occupation Estonia – Kõigi Eesti, Everyone’s Estonia – or, as the movement itself translates it, My Estonia Too.
The Kõigi Eesti (#kõigieesti #общаяэстония #myestoniatoo) movement started with a massive action in the social media (gathering over 20,000 followers in two days) in March and a popular concert in April by residents of Estonia from all walks of life and from various communities that was attended by 10,000 people and reached to over 80,000 people via television and online streams. The movement’s impact was also noted by many international media outlets. It reminded the government of Jüri Ratas the values of liberty, justice and the rule of law, and it’s become the conscience of everyone who holds human rights, liberties, the freedom of speech and the rule of law dear. And that’s admirable.
Full disclosure: The editor-in-chief of Estonian World, Silver Tambur, is a member of the Kõigi Eesti movement. I am not. It was purely my idea to include Kõigi Eesti in this list; I wrote this chapter on my own, and the fact that Silver is my dear friend, colleague and partner in this endeavour does not affect my judgement one bit. We fight more than married couples do; but I always stand behind righteous values.
Kersti Kaljulaid
Kersti Kaljulaid at the UN. Photo: Eleri Ever.
Although Kaljulaid was elected Estonia’s first female president already three years ago, 2019 was the year that she really started to shine abroad – until recently, she had still been somewhat in the shadows of the previous president, Toomas Hendrik Ilves, in terms of international interviews and coverage.
Among the major global titles, Kaljulaid was interviewed or featured in The Atlantic, Le Monde, Foreign Policy, The Guardian, Der Spiegel, Fox News, Politico and Quartz. While the president prefers to talk about Estonia’s digital state and its affiliated success stories, sadly one of the reasons behind the increased international interest in interviewing her was the changed political landscape in Estonia.
Following the general election on 3 March and the subsequent inclusion of the populist Estonian Conservative People’s Party (EKRE) in the Estonian government, Kaljulaid emerged as one of the most prominent critics of the radical rhetoric expressed by the party figureheads (most notably, its leaders, father and son Mart and Martin Helme, Estonia’s interior and finance ministers, respectively).
“I hate them [EKRE politicians] for their behavior, and I apologise for the image this might give. Decent people do not behave themselves this way,” Kaljulaid told Foreign Policy in an interview that caused much stir in Estonia and split people’s opinions whether it was right or wrong for the ceremonial figurehead with no executive power to intervene as outspokenly in the politics. The question and answer referred to the white supremacy hand signal made by Mart and Martin Helme at the new government’s swearing-in ceremony in April.
“I hope they stop soon; if they don’t, I’ll keep apologising for them,” the president said in the same interview. Unfortunately, “they” didn’t stop. Just in early December, Mart Helme called the new Finnish prime minister, Sanna Marin, a “cashier” who together with her “Red” coalition partners would “desperately try to destroy” Finland – and again, it was Kaljulaid who made a phone call to her Finnish counterpart, Sauli Niinistö, apologising for the words of radical Estonian interior minister. Kaljulaid’s frustration is understandable – on foreign visits, she now must waste part of the very little and valuable time [that a president from a small country has in meetings with global heavyweights] to explain the political shambles back home.
Domestic concerns aside, it was also a busy year for Kaljulaid in terms of foreign visits. In April, she met with her Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, in Moscow, becoming the first Estonian leader to meet the Russian president since 2010. The cherry on the cake was Estonia’s election as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The Estonian foreign ministry, diplomats and Kaljulaid – who led the country’s delegation at the vote on 7 June at the UN headquarters in New York City – campaigned long and hard for the seat.
Estonian teachers
Two Estonian teachers at the “Teacher of the year 2019” gala, organised by the Estonian ministry of science and education.
According to the Programme for International Student Assessment – or PISA, a premier global metric for education – the results of Estonian 15-year-olds are the best in Europe and among the strongest in the world. Pupils from China, Singapore, Macao (China), Hong Kong, Estonia, Japan, South Korea, Canada, Taiwan and Finland achieved the best results in the latest PISA study, compiled by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published on 3 December 2019.
Estonia’s 15-year-olds rank first in reading, science and mathematics in Europe, while in the world, the country’s students rank fifth in reading, eighth in mathematics and fourth in sciences.
In reading, which was the focus of PISA 2018, Estonia, Canada, Finland and Ireland were the highest-performing OECD countries. In science, the highest-performing OECD countries were Japan and Estonia. In mathematics, the highest-performing OECD countries were Japan, Korea and Estonia.
So we declare ALL Estonian teachers as among the most outstanding Estonians in the world. And we’re thinking back to the teachers that helped shape us. Thinking of you, the Estonian language and literature teacher at the Tallinn Secondary School No 20, Ene Liivaste; rest in peace. You shaped me more than I ever let you know, and I thank you for that.
Estonian World
Estonian World is a global independent online magazine, founded in London in 2012 and headquartered in Tallinn, Estonia. The magazine has editorial representations in London, Chicago and Tallinn, and contributors all over the world, on every continent. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram.
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Where to get PCR testing services in Dubai
Home/Feature/Dubai saves 178 megawatts worth of electricity during Earth Hour 2020
Dubai saves 178 megawatts worth of electricity during Earth Hour 2020
Staff Report Follow on Twitter March 29, 2020
Dubai Electricity and Water Authority, DEWA, has recorded savings of 178 megawatts, in electricity consumption in the emirate, equivalent to a reduction of 74 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, during Earth Hour 2020.
People in Dubai joined millions of people around the world in expressing their solidarity with efforts to address the threats posed by global warming and climate change, by turning off unnecessary lights and electrical appliances during Earth Hour, which the world observed from 20:30-21:30 on Saturday, 28th March.
With the theme ‘Raise Your Voice For Nature’, Dubai’s landmarks and government and private buildings also took part in the event by turning off their lights for an hour.
“DEWA has been organising Earth Hour since 2008, in accordance with the directives of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai, and under the patronage of H.H. Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai and Chairman of Dubai Executive Council,” Saeed Mohammed Al Tayer, Managing Director and CEO of DEWA, said.
Earth Hour, he said, aims to raise awareness in society and underline the importance of the sensible use of resources. It goes beyond just turning off unnecessary lights and electric appliances for 60 minutes. “Earth Hour aims to make conservation of electricity and water a daily practice to cut carbon emissions and combat environmental challenges such as climate change, global warming, and the unprecedented reduction in biodiversity,” Al Tayer added.
The DEWA CEO commended the results achieved during Earth Hour in Dubai every year and the commitment of all society segments, and government and private organisations in Dubai who took part in it.
The conservation programmes and initiatives launched by DEWA between 2009 and 2019 have achieved cumulative savings of 2.2 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity and 7.8 billion gallons of water. This is equivalent to saving AED1.3 billion. Those savings are equal to the consumption of 327,000 apartments in electricity and 250,000 apartments in water annually.
These savings contributed to reducing 1.137 million tonnes of carbon emissions, equivalent to planting 1.3 million trees and consuming 134 million LED bulbs. The water savings are also enough to fill 14,000 Olympic swimming pools.
LOOK: Al Ain Zoo launches new mountain biking experience to Hafeet Mountain
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Rob Simonsen Scoring Jason Reitman’s ‘Ghostbusters: Afterlife’
Posted: March 6, 2020 by filmmusicreporter in Film Scoring Assignments
Tags: Ghostbusters, Ghostbusters: Afterlife, Jason Reitman, Rob Simonsen
Rob Simonsen (Love, Simon, Nerve, Foxcatcher, The Upside, (500) Days of Summer, The Spectacular Now) is currently scoring the upcoming supernatural comedy sequel Ghostbusters: Afterlife. The film is directed by Jason Reitman (Juno, Up in the Air) and stars Carrie Coon, Finn Wolfhard, Mckenna Grace and Paul Rudd. The movie follows a single mom and her two kids as they arrive in a small town and begin to discover their connection to the original ghostbusters and the secret legacy their grandfather left behind. Reitman also co-wrote the screenplay with Gil Kenan (Monster House, City of Ember). Ivan Reitman (Stripes, Kindergarten Cop, Dave) who directed the 1984 original Ghostbusters (scored by Elmer Bernstein) is producing the project. Simonsen has previously scored Jason Reitman’s last two features, Tully and The Front Runner. Ghostbusters: Afterlife is set to be released on July 10, 2020 by Sony Pictures. Visit the official movie website for updates.
Simonsen’s recent projects also include Gavin O’Connor’s The Way Back, which is opening in theaters nationwide this weekend, as well as Julia Hart’s Stargirl, which will premiere on Disney+ on March 13.
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Flora and fauna of Cornwall
Some of the plants in Trebah garden
West and south Cornwall is known for its "Cornish Palms" (which are not actually palm trees but a different kind of monocot tree, Cordyline australis). These examples are at St Mary's Church, in Penzance
Cornwall is the county that forms the tip of the southwestern peninsula of England; this area has a mild and warm climate regulated by the Gulf Stream. The mild climate allows rich plant cover, such as palm trees in the far south and west of the county and in the Isles of Scilly, due to sub-tropical conditions in the summer.
On Cornwall's moors and high ground areas the high elevation makes tree cover impossible because of the wind, so these areas are populated by shrubs and bushes such as Gorse and heather. Ferns, mosses, liverworts, lichens and fungi can all be found in the county. In the wettest areas of Bodmin Moor, sphagnum or bog moss can be found.
Cornwall is home to many rare flower species, especially at the southern end of the Lizard, due to its unique soil and geology. On the Lizard Peninsula, Cornish heath – the flora emblem of Cornwall – mesembryanthemums, butcher's broom, early meadow grass and a wide range of clovers including the lizard clover, brookweed and yellow wallpepper can be found. The north coast of Cornwall features maritime grassland, heathland and stunted woodland.
1 Coastal waters
2 Cliffs, estuaries and riversides
2.1 The Tamar Valley
2.1.1 Tamar Valley AONB
2.1.2 The Tamar Otter and Wildlife Centre, North Petherwin
3 The Lizard Peninsula
4 South coast
5 Isles of Scilly
6.1 Botanic gardens
6.2 Cornish Elm
6.3 Fruit trees
6.4 Other Cornish varieties of plants
8 References and bibliography
The county's coastal waters are home to large populations of seals. Porpoises, whales and sharks are not uncommonly seen. St Ives recently made newspaper headlines after a reported sighting of a Great White Shark.[1]
A basking shark and a porbeagle
Porbeagles inhabit the coastal waters but the etymology of the word is obscure. A common suggestion is that it combines "porpoise" and "beagle", referencing this shark's shape and tenacious hunting habits.[2] Another is that it is derived from the Cornish porth, meaning "harbour", and bugel, meaning "shepherd".[3] The Oxford English Dictionary states that the word was either borrowed from Cornish or formed from a Cornish first element with the English "beagle"; however, none of the proposed Cornish root words are fully satisfactory. Squalus cornubicus (Gmelin, 1789); Squalus cornubiensis (Pennant, 1812) and Lamna cornubica are other Latin names for the Porbeagle.
Swanpool is the only location in the British Isles in which the bryozoan Victorella pavida is found.[4]
Cliffs, estuaries and riversides
The sea cliffs host many marine bird species with the Cornish Chough recently returning to the county after a long absence. This rare bird holds the honour of appearing on the Cornish coat of arms and being the county animal of Cornwall.
Ulex europaeus (Gorse)
The tidal estuaries along the coasts contain large numbers of wading birds, while marshland bird species frequently settle in the bogs and mires inland. Bodmin Moor is a breeding ground for species such as lapwing, snipe and curlew. On and around the rivers, sand martins and kingfishers are often seen, while after a decline in the 1960s and 1970s, otters have been returning in large numbers. The Camel Valley is one of the habitats for otters. Bude Canal offers an ideal habitat for water voles, although the population is declining because of habitat degradation and pollution, like in other parts of the country.
Cornish chough: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, the nominate subspecies and smallest form, is endemic to the British Isles, where it is restricted to Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the far west of Wales and Scotland,[5] although it has recently recolonised Cornwall after an absence of many years.[6]
Mousehole Wild Bird Hospital and Sanctuary is a wildlife hospital based near Mousehole. The hospital was founded in 1928 by Dorothy and Phyllis Yglesias and became famous following the Torrey Canyon disaster.
National Seal Sanctuary, Gweek: see National Seal Sanctuary, Gweek
The Tamar Valley
Tamar Valley AONB
The Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers around 195 km2 (75 sq mi) around the lower Tamar (below Launceston) and its tributaries the Tavy and the Lynher. It was first proposed in 1963, but was not designated until 1995.[7]
The Tamar Otter and Wildlife Centre, North Petherwin
The Tamar Otter and Wildlife Centre has European and Asian Short Clawed otters and a medium sized duck pond, a nature trail including Snowy and Barn owls and other birds along it. It has a fish pond, a restaurant area and a gift shop. The nature trail is full of wildlife such as Fallow and Muntjac deer, peacocks and the not quite so English wallabies. As well as this the nature trail has a waterfall falling down from the top of an old quarry and every few years different segments of the woodlands are coppiced. Some of the wood from this scheme is piled up in random areas of the woodlands as it makes a perfect home for badgers, hedgehogs and many creepy crawlies.
The Lizard Peninsula
Cornish heath
Several nature sites exist on the Lizard Peninsula; Predannack nature reserve, Mullion Island, Goonhilly Downs and the National Seal sanctuary at Gweek. It is also home to one of England's rarest breeding birds – the Chough. This species of crow, distinctive due to its red beak and legs, as well as the haunting "chee-aw" call, began breeding on Lizard in 2002. This followed a concerted effort by the Cornish Chough Project in conjunction with DEFRA and the RSPB.
The Lizard contains some of the most specialised flora of any area in Britain, including many Red Data Book plant species. Of particular note is the Cornish heath, Erica vagans, that occurs in abundance here, but which is found nowhere else in Britain. It is also one of the few places where the rare formicine ant, Formica exsecta, (the narrow-headed ant), can be found.
The Lizard district has a local organization, the Lizard Field Club, whose members have studied the natural history of the area since 1953.
At Polruan the gorse covered south facing cliffs between Polruan and Polperro provide habitats for the goldfinch, yellowhammer and stonechat in particular. Viparian life includes the slow worm and the adder. The latter is particularly numerous.
Marine life includes the basking shark which have been known to enter the harbour. In 1972 a particularly large example was seen at the end of Polruan Quay; it was longer than the width of the quay. Other fish that may be found in local waters including the estuary include: bass, wrasse (4 varieties), seahorse, pipe fish, pollack, coalfish, flounder, plaice, conger eel, European eel, dragonet, red gurnard, grey gurnard, blenny (shanney), bullhead, burbot, butterfish, sand-eel, salmon, Sea trout, garfish, mackerel, angler fish (incorrectly named in restaurants "monk fish"), dab, whitebait, scad (horse mackerel), shad, herring, turbot, dogfish, pouting, poor cod and rockling.
True palm trees at Tresco Abbey Gardens in the Isles of Scilly
Because of the Gulf Stream, the climate of Scilly is particularly mild so sub-tropical plants can grow there, including true palm trees. Scilly is the first landing for many migrant birds, including extreme rarities from North America and Siberia. Scilly is situated far into the Atlantic Ocean, so many North American vagrant birds will make first European landfall in the archipelago.
Scilly is responsible for many firsts for Britain, and is particularly good at producing vagrant American passerines. If an extremely rare bird turns up, the island will see a significant increase in numbers of birders.
Botanists divide Cornwall and Scilly into two vice-counties: West (1) and East (2): the boundary runs irregularly from Truro to Wadebridge.
Moorland tree showing characteristic shape caused by the effect of the prevailing wind
One of the ponds at Five Acres, Allet
The standard flora is by F. Hamilton Davey Flora of Cornwall (1909). Davey was assisted by A. O. Hume and he thanks Hume, his companion on excursions in Cornwall and Devon, and for help in the compilation of that Flora, publication of which was financed by him. Davey gives an account of all the reports of Cornish plants from 1576 until his own time and divides the county into eight districts. The Isles of Scilly are covered by the Flora but not very thoroughly: there is a good Flora of Scilly by J. E. Lousley. Edgar Thurston and Chambré C. Vigurs published a supplement to the flora in 1922 and in 1981 L. J. Margetts and R. W. David published A Review of the Cornish Flora. 1980 Pool: Institute of Cornish Studies ISBN 0-903686-34-1. A supplement to this for 1980-1991 by Margetts and K. L. Spurgin appeared in 1991. Another useful source of botanical information is The Flowers of the Field, by C. A. Johns (1853): it treats the country as a whole (with a supplement on grasses), but Johns was a Cornishman and very knowledgeable about its flora and fauna.[8] The Rev Charles Alexander Johns, F.L.S. (1811–1974) is also responsible for calling the attention of botanists to the very specialised flora of the Lizard in A Week at the Lizard, 1848, written when he was a teacher at Helston Grammar School.
Plants of the environs of Tintagel
"Within easy reach of Tintagel at least 385 varieties of flowers, 30 kinds of grasses, and 16 of ferns can be found ... a 'happy hunting ground' for botanists" and a list of thirty-nine of the rarest is given. (Contribution by E.M.S. to W. J. C. Armstrong's Rambler's Guide, 1935.[9]
There are botanic gardens at the Eden Project, the Lost Gardens of Heligan, and at Trebah and Tresco Abbey Gardens on the Isles of Scilly.
Cornish Elm
Cornish Elm in Preston Park, Brighton, (felled before 2008)
The Cornish Elm was once common in Cornwall but can now only be found outside Cornwall. The origin of the Cornish Elm in the UK remains a matter of contention; commonly assumed to have been introduced from Brittany by man, it is also considered possible that it may have survived the Ice Ages on lands to the south of Cornwall long since lost to the sea.[10] Certainly, its current distribution owes much to man's activities. The tree was traditionally considered the best choice for providing shelter along the Cornish coast; moreover its timber was much prized for its strength, and commonly used in wheel and wagon construction.[11]
Cornish Gilliflower
This cultivar of apple is so named as it was found in Truro, Cornwall around 1800, the word 'gilliflower' being a corruption of a French word giroflier meaning clove, believed to be a reference to its odour. The cultivar was brought to the attention of commercial growers in 1813.[12]
Hocking's Green
This is an apple variety which originated in Coad's Green.[13]
Kea Plum
The Kea Plum is a damson-like variety deriving its name from the parish of Kea.
Other Cornish varieties of plants
The Cornish heath (Erica vagans) is found only on the Lizard and has been recognised as the floral emblem of Cornwall[14] although it has been reported to be found in Fermanagh, according to W. Keble Martin.[15] In recent years daffodils have been popular on the annual Saint Piran's day march on Perran Sands, although the plants are donated by a local daffodil grower and the daffodil is already considered to be the national flower of Wales.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose Thrift (Armeria maritima) as the "county flower" of the Isles of Scilly.[16]
The Cornish eyebright (Euphrasia vigursii) is found on heathland in Cornwall and south Devon.[17]
The Cornish moneywort (Sibthorpia europaea) is found locally in south-west England,[18] Wales and the south of Ireland; in the rest of southern England it is rare.[19]
Birds of Cornwall
Cornish hedge
Geography of Cornwall
Geology of Cornwall
List of Special Areas of Conservation in Cornwall
List of Cornish scientists and inventors
References and bibliography
^ Shark is spotted off Cornwall
^ Roman, B.. "Biological Profiles: Porbeagle.". Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/Porbeagle/Porbeagle.html. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
^ Peirce, R. (2008). Sharks in British Seas. Shark Cornwall ISBN 978-0-9558694-0-2; p. 102.
^ Carter, Michelle; Jackson, Angus (2007). "Basic information for Victorella pavida (Trembling sea mat)". Marine Life Information Network for Britain & Ireland. Marine Biological Association. http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Victorellapavida.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
^ Madge (1994)
^ "The Cornish Chough". Cornwall County Council. http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=4445. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
^ "Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty: About the Tamar Valley AONB". http://www.tamarvalley.org.uk/aboutaonb.asp.
^ Lt Cdr R. I. T. (Pip) Falkner. "The Flowers of the Field--Johns". http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/75/a2123975.shtml. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
^ Armstrong, W. J. C. (1935) A Rambler's Guide to Tintagel, and Camelford, 2nd ed. [Boscastle: the Author]; pp. 89-95
^ White, J. & More, D. (2002). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Cassell's, London.
^ Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. VII. pp 1848-1929. Private publication. [1]
^ Nursery List
^ Browse, Philip McMillan (2005). Heligan: fruit, flowers and herbs. Alison Hodge Publishers. p. 82.
^ "The floral emblem of your county". Telegraph. 5 May 2004. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1461011/The-floral-emblem-of-your-county.html. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
^ Martin, W. K. (1974) The New Concise British Flora. London: Ebury Press; pl. 55
^ "County flower of Isles of Scilly". Plantlife International - The Wild Plant Conservation Charity. http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/plantlife-discovering-plants-county-flowers-england-islesofscilly.htm. Retrieved 7 April 2006.
^ E.g. Roebuck Meadows and sites on Exmoor, Somerset
Bere, Rennie (1982) The Nature of Cornwall. Buckingham: Barracuda Books
Rodd, E. H. (1864) A List of British Birds as a Guide to the Ornithology of Cornwall. London, 1864; 2nd edit. 1869.
Rodd, E. H. (1880) The Birds of Cornwall and the Scilly Islands; edited by J. E. Harting. London
v · d · eGeography of Cornwall
Cornwall Portal
Unitary authorities
Cornwall Council • Isles of Scilly
Major settlements
Bodmin • Bude • Callington • Camborne • Camelford • Falmouth • Fowey • Hayle • Helston • Launceston • Liskeard • Looe • Lostwithiel • Marazion • Newlyn • Newquay • Padstow • Par • Penryn • Penzance • Porthleven • Redruth • Saltash • St Austell • St Blazey • St Columb Major • St Ives • St Just-in-Penwith • St Mawes • Stratton • Torpoint • Truro • Wadebridge
See also: Civil parishes in Cornwall
Allen • Camel • Cober • De Lank • Fal • Fowey • Gannel • Gover • Hayle • Helford • Inny • Looe • Lynher • Menalhyl • Ottery • Par • Pont Pill • Port Navas • Red • St Austell • Tamar • Tiddy • Truro • Valency
History • Status debate • Flag • Culture • Places • People • The Duchy • Diocese • Politics • Hundreds/shires • Places of interest • full list...
Environment of Cornwall
Fauna of the United Kingdom
Flora of the United Kingdom
Salzburg Forum
Bertrand Goulet
Cornwall — For other uses, see Cornwall (disambiguation). Cornwall Kernow Flag Motto of County Council: Onen … Wikipedia
Geography of Cornwall — The geography of Cornwall describes the area of a peninsula in the south west of Great Britain west of the River Tamar. The population of Cornwall is greater in the west of the county than the east due to Bodmin Moor s location. It is the only… … Wikipedia
List of topics related to Cornwall — This is a list of topics related to Cornwall, United Kingdom. The contains a more comprehensive selection of Cornish articles.Architecture*Royal Albert Bridge *Tamar Bridge * *Cornwall Railway viaducts *Tate St Ives *Eden Project *Jamaica Inn… … Wikipedia
National parks of England and Wales — Part of the Brecon Beacons National Park, looking from the highest point of Pen y Fan (886 m/2907 feet) to Cribyn (795 m/2608 feet). The national parks of England and Wales are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic… … Wikipedia
Askam and Ireleth — Infobox England and Wales civil parish | Parish = Askam and Ireleth | Status = Parish | Population = 3,632 (2001)cite web |url= http://www.cumbria.gov.uk/elibrary/Content/Internet/536/642/1752/1754/3837712243.xls|title= Cumbria population… … Wikipedia
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland — Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland … Deutsch Wikipedia
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List of reptiles of Great Britain — Adder Six species of reptiles breed naturally in Great Britain: three snakes and three lizards. They are: Adder Vipera berus Grass Snake Natrix natrix Smooth Snake Coronella austriaca … Wikipedia
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Ireland — This article is about the island. For the sovereign state of the same name, see Republic of Ireland. For the constituent country of the United Kingdom, see Northern Ireland. For other uses, see Ireland (disambiguation). Coordinates … Wikipedia
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Refusing soldiers and asylum in the war against Iraq
by Rudi Friedrich
(14.03.2006) Ladies and Gentlemen,
Members of the European Parliament,
I’m pleased to have the opportunity today to speak about the kind of protection soldiers need when they refuse to commit violations of international law or declare their conscientious objection.
I work in a German organisation called Connection. For 20 years we have been counselling and helping conscientious objectors from countries like the former Yugoslavia, Turkey, the US, Russia and Eritrea.
Owing to the fact that their conscience and convictions are not accepted by their home countries they are facing repression, prosecution or new recruitment. This is why they seek protection abroad in other countries and in the European Union. But we, as an organisation, learn over and over again that their applications for asylum are rejected. Generally, persecution of conscientious objectors is not regarded as a valid reason to be granted asylum.
Today we are discussing the war against Iraq waged by approximately 40 countries, lead by the United States and Great Britain. Among them are countries such as Estonia, Slovakia, Latvia, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, South Korea, Thailand, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Kazakhstan and the Philippines. As previous speakers have pointed out and was stated by the European Parliament: The unilateral US invasion of Iraq was not initiated on a lawful decision of the UN Security Council on the basis of Chapter VII of the UN Charter and, therefore, has never been in full compliance of international law. Furthermore, we had to learn about systematic violations of international laws and norms in the invasion and occupation of Iraq as well as of Afghanistan, including irregular arrests and torture.
Unterstützen Sie die internationale Arbeit für Kriegsdienstverweigerer und Deserteure
Ihre Spende zählt!
One US soldier took the necessary step in the beginning of last year. Specialist Blake Lemoine refused orders and wrote to his superiors the following: "It was the soldiers who I fought along side who portrayed these horrors of the human soul. Now that I am aware of the hatred and wrath directed against the Arabic peoples, at least by the US soldiers, I can do nothing but withdraw my gun from service to the US military’s causes. Also I must state that I cannot give the Army any assistance in any way from this day forward". It is very likely, that - due to the fact he exclusively refused to serve in this particular war - an application for conscientious objection would not have been successful. He, finally, was sentenced to five months imprisonment.
The US army is a voluntary army. Most of the soldiers deployed by the War Coalition are professional soldiers. But for them, too, the concrete situation of a war can have dramatic consequences. A third of US soldiers, according to recent reports, are receiving psychological treatment after their mission. A lot of them never want to be sent to Iraq. They hope to be discharged. Some decide to apply for the status of conscientious objection. They have to face long proceedings with a very uncertain ending. Being in trouble, others only see the possibility of going Absent Without Leave (AWOL) or to desert.
In other countries the situation isn’t better. George Solomou already reported about the situation in Great Britain. In member states of the European Union like Estonia, Slovakia, Latvia, Hungary and Poland professional soldiers don’t have the opportunity to ask for discharge if they want to declare their conscientious objection. The same is true for most other countries participating in the war coalition.
This means: If soldiers realize that this mission is incompatible with their own convictions or if the participation in the war is in contradiction to their own conscience there is no legal possibility to leave the military. The soldiers are harassed and threatened with deployment into the war area, repressions and prosecution for disobeying orders. Since a conscientious decision is not reversible, such a prosecution could be repeated again and again. This is in obvious contradiction to the recommendation 1995/83 of the UN Human Rights Commission which affirmed that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service".
I want to point out a complementary question. A lot of efforts have been made to introduce international courts that are prosecuting violations of international law. One of the fundamental basis of the international judiciary is that every person is responsible for his or her own actions or activities. That means: Soldiers, too, are responsible for their own activities. They can’t prevent prosecution by saying they acted under binding orders.
If a soldier wants to act according to international law and is ordered to perform an act which is in contradiction to it, there is one consequence: The soldier is obliged to refuse. And this, as the case of Blake Lemoine teaches us, could also be a reason to become a conscientious objector, in a particular situation. But the common definition of conscientious objection doesn’t include these kinds of reasons of conscience. As happened in the case of Blake Lemoine soldiers often face prosecution if they want to follow international law.
I would like to take deeper look into the question of asylum for conscientious objectors. Let me repeat the principle I have already mentioned: Persecution of conscientious objectors is usually not seen as a reason for being granted asylum. Only if the sentence against a conscientious objector is prosecuting more than just the disobedience or desertion could this be seen as an additional persecution because of her or his political conviction or religious belief. This is the common legal practice in the European Union. Furthermore you won’t find legal security in the law, to the extent that you could say, on the basis of one case, that the next would be decided in the same way. Here, there is much room for interpretation. And the authorities and the courts in the whole of Europe are interpreting it against the people concerned.
But in the case of a war conducted against the rules of international law the interpretation should be much clearer. It starts with the Handbook of UNHCR which gives rules for the interpretation along the Geneva Convention. In point 171 it states: "Where the type of military action, with which an individual does not wish to be associated, is condemned by the international community as contrary to basic rules of human conduct, punishment for desertion or draft-evasion could (?) in itself be regarded as persecution."
A broader point of view is found in the Directive of Council of the European Union 2004/83/EC of April 29, 2004, on minimum standards for the qualification and status of third country nationals or stateless persons as refugees or as persons who otherwise need international protection. This directive defines when persecution according to the Geneva Convention should give the right for protection. The Directive rules in Article 9 and 12 that "acts of persecution can take the form of prosecution or punishment for refusal to perform military service in a conflict, where performing military service would include crimes or acts against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity, as defined in the international instruments or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations as set out in the Preamble and Articles 1 and 2 of the Charter of the United Nations".
This rule is a contradiction in itself. The European Council Directive doesn’t give the opportunity to grant asylum for citizens of member states of the European Union, because it’s stated in Article 2, that a "refugee means a third country national". But some member states of European Union are participating in the war coalition and, therefore, violate international law.
If you follow the principle of the Directive you have to say: All soldiers who refuse this particular war against Iraq and who have to fear persecution should get refugee status according to the European Council Directive. In contradiction to it – according to the Directive - citizens of member states of the European Union can’t call on it. But, beyond question, protection should be offered to all other nationals, from United States citizens as well as for citizens of other countries participating in the war coalition.
You could object that a decision about it rests with the authorities and the courts. But it is clear that the rules of the UNHCR Handbook have rarely been accepted. It is very important to take the initiative and to stress that the protection of refusers is politically desired.
The Iraq war has made clear the need for the following:
Provisions guaranteeing soldiers a legal opportunity to exercise their right to conscientious objection or to refuse particular wars.
Protection for draft evaders and soldiers who are absent without leave or who have deserted because they decided to refuse illegal wars or orders and do not wish to take part in wars or warfare practices which are contrary to international law.
Speech by Rudi Friedrich at Public Hearing at European Parliament in Strasbourg "The Right of Soldiers to Refuse to Participate in Wars Violating International Law", March 14, 2006
Keywords: ⇒ CO and Asylum ⇒ Connection e.V. - About Us ⇒ Conscientious Objection ⇒ Europe ⇒ Germany ⇒ Iraq ⇒ United Kingdom ⇒ USA
Hearing to War Resisters of the War in Iraq, March 14, 2006
German Review
(20.03.2006) Andreas Speck: Hearing on Iraq War Resisters - Summary
(14.03.2006) Tobias Pflüger: German Support of the War Against Iraq (external link) - English version on website of WRI
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Unfinished creative work
An unfinished creative work is a painting, novel, musical composition, or other creative work, that has not been brought to a completed state. Its creator may have chosen not to finish it, or may have been prevented from doing so by circumstances beyond control, such as death. Such pieces are often the subject of speculation as to what the finished piece would have been like had the original creator completed the work. Sometimes artworks are finished by others and released posthumously. Unfinished works have had profound influences on their genres and have inspired others in their own projects. The term can also refer to ongoing work which could eventually be finished (i.e. the creator is still living) and is distinguishable from "incomplete work", which can be a work that was finished but is no longer in its complete form.
An unfinished portrait miniature of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper
There are many reasons for work not being completed. Works are usually stopped when their creator dies, although some, aware of their failing health, make sure that they set up the project for completion. If the work involves other people, such as a cast of actors or the subject of a portrait, it may be halted because of their unavailability. Projects that are too grandiose might never have been finished, while others should be feasible but their creator's continual unhappiness with them leads to abandonment.
Unfinished works by popular authors and artists may still be made public, sometimes in the state they were in when work was halted. Alternatively, another artist may finish the piece. In some fields work may appear unfinished but are actually finished, such as Donatello's "non finito" technique in sculpture.
1.1 Literature
1.1.1 Science, theology, and philosophy
1.2 Drawings, paintings and sculptures
1.3 Architecture, construction and engineering
1.4.1 Classical music
1.4.2 Modern recordings
1.7 Software
2 In law
MediaEdit
LiteratureEdit
Franz Kafka's unfinished writings were released after his death despite his wishes for them to be destroyed.
Many acclaimed authors have left work incomplete. Some such pieces have been published posthumously, either in their incomplete state or after being finished by somebody else.
It is the job of literary executors to take charge of the work of a writer after the writer's death. They must often decide what to do with incomplete work, using their own judgement if not given explicit instructions. In some cases, this can lead to something happening to the work that was not originally intended, such as the release of Franz Kafka's unfinished writings by Max Brod when Kafka had wished for them to be destroyed. These works have become iconic in Western literature.[1] The posthumous publication of some of Ernest Hemingway's unfinished novels was met with controversy. Several books were published, but it has been suggested that it is not within the jurisdiction of Hemingway's relatives or publishers to determine whether these works should be made available to the public. For example, scholars often disapprovingly note that the version of The Garden of Eden published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1986, though not a revision of Hemingway's original words, nonetheless omits two-thirds of the original manuscript.[2]
Mark Twain took 20 years to write three versions of The Mysterious Stranger but he did not finish any of them.
Novels can remain unfinished because the author continually rewrites the story. When enough material exists, someone else can compile and combine the work, creating a finished story from several different drafts. Mark Twain's The Mysterious Stranger was written in three different versions over a period of 20 years, none of which were completed. Twain biographer and literary executor Albert Paine combined the stories and published his version six years after Twain's death.[3] Similarly, J. R. R. Tolkien continuously rewrote The Silmarillion throughout his lifetime; a definitive version was still uncompiled at the time of his death, with some sections very fragmented. His son, Christopher Tolkien, invited fantasy fiction writer Guy Gavriel Kay to reconstruct some parts of the book, and they eventually published a final version in 1977.[4] In 1980, Christopher Tolkien published another posthumous collection of his father's unfinished work, appropriately entitled Unfinished Tales. Between 1982 and 1996, he published twelve volumes of The History of Middle-earth, a substantial portion of which is unfinished and incomplete drafts. In 2007, Christopher Tolkien published another novel from his father entitled The Children of Húrin. Like The Silmarillion, Christopher assembled the novel from various incomplete drafts.
The size of a project can be such that a piece of literature is never finished. Geoffrey Chaucer never completed The Canterbury Tales to the extensive length that he originally intended. Chaucer had, however, already written much of the work at the time of his death, and the Canterbury Tales are considered to be a seminal work despite the unfinished status.[5] English poet Edmund Spenser originally intended The Faerie Queene to consist of 12 books; even at its unfinished state—6 books were published before Spenser's death—it is the longest epic poem in the English language.[6] Honoré de Balzac, the French novelist, completed nearly 100 pieces for his novel sequence La Comédie humaine, but a planned 48 more were never finished.[7] Notes and plot outlines left behind by an author may allow a successor to complete a novel or series of novels. Frank Herbert left behind extensive notes related to his Dune universe, which led to son Brian Herbert and science fiction author Kevin J. Anderson's completing several prequels to the popular series.[8] Mervyn Peake, author of the Gormenghast novels, meant to write a complete biography of the main character, Titus, but died after only completing three books in the series.
Some works are presented as separate sections, each written at different times. This can lead to a piece appearing complete while the author actually intended for it to continue, or where other authors try to fake their own writing as part of the work. The first four cantos of Lord Byron's narrative poem Don Juan were written in 1818 and 1819, with a further twelve completed and published before his death in 1824. Numerous "continuations" of the story had been published by various publishing houses even between issues of the story, along with several fake conclusions. Byron had intended to continue the story, as evidenced by the find of the 17th canto after his death, but it is not clear how long the poem would continue or how it would conclude. It is still regarded as one of his greatest achievements.[9] Charles Dickens was writing The Mystery of Edwin Drood in monthly installments when he died, completing just six of the twelve intended. The story surrounded the murder of the titular Edwin Drood; because the story was never finished, the murderer was never revealed.[10] The book was still made into a film and a musical, with the latter having the unusual concept that the audience members vote for who they think is the murderer.[11]
Other famous unfinished works of literature include Hero and Leander by Christopher Marlowe (a completion was provided by George Chapman), Dream of the Red Chamber by Gao E (Chapter 80-120), the second part of Dead Souls by Gogol, Bouvard et Pécuchet by Gustave Flaubert, Weir of Hermiston by Robert Louis Stevenson, The Good Soldier Švejk by Jaroslav Hašek, Suite française by Irène Némirovsky, Answered Prayers by Truman Capote, The Last Tycoon by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Messias by Väinö Linna, Uncertain Times by Richard Yates, Sanditon by Jane Austen, Mount Analogue by René Daumal, The Pale King by David Foster Wallace, The Final Unfinished Voyage of Jack Aubrey, Georg Buchner's Woyzeck, The Castle by Franz Kafka and Le premier homme by Albert Camus.
Science, theology, and philosophyEdit
St. Thomas Aquinas stopped work on his Summa Theologiae in 1273 after a mystical experience.
Religious works have also been left incomplete, leading to debates about the possible missing content. Some theologians consider the Gospel of Mark, in its existing form, incomplete; the text after 16:8 is probably not original, thus creating speculation whether the author was arrested or died suddenly, or whether the end of the gospel could have broken away from the rest of the gospel as it was handed to the next person.[12] The Sunni Islamic classic Qur'anic commentary, Mafatihu-l-Ghayb, better known as Tafseer Al-Kabeer (Tafsir al-Kabir (al-Razi)) by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi was left unfinished and it was finished by either Qadi Shahab-ud-deen bin Khaleel al-Khauli, of Damascus (died 639 AH) or Shaikh Najm-ud-deen Ahmad bin Al-Qamooli (died 777 AH) as mentioned in Kashf-az-Zunoon. The Masnavi, the most famous poem in Sunni Islamic Sufi poetry by Rumi was left unfinished and it was later finished by Mufti Ilahi Baksh Kandhlawi about five hundred years after the demise of Rumi. The Persian Bayán, a scripture from Bábism, was left unfinished when the Báb died. There have been some claims that the text has been completed by other people, though the Báb stated that it would be finished by [him] whom God shall make manifest.[13][14] St. Thomas Aquinas abandoned his great work the Summa Theologica in 1273, citing a mystical experience during Mass. Its arguments for the existence of God continue to exert influence in philosophy and Christian theology more than 700 years later.[15] In Greek philosophy, Plato's Critias was unfinished when Plato died at age 80.
The most influential document in computer science was John von Neumann's First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, a 101-page manuscript dating from 1946. Littered with ellipses and spaces for the eventual addition of further material, von Neumann never completed it, as by that time its distribution had already influenced an explosion in postwar computer development. Its elaboration of the stored program concept and formalization of the logical design of computer architecture—ideas not all of which were original to von Neumann but which he first expressed in the mathematical language he favoured—endure in the architectures of modern computer systems.[16]
Still in computer science, the seminal work on algorithms, The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth, has had only the first three of its seven planned volumes written.
The first genuine historiographical work, the History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, was undergoing a major revision by the author at the time of his death, so different sections of it reflect a starkly contrasting general outlook on Persian influence in the events depicted.
Drawings, paintings and sculpturesEdit
Adoration of the Magi, an unfinished painting by Leonardo da Vinci.
Treaty of Paris, Benjamin West's 1783-84 painting of the American delegates to the 1783 Treaty of Paris which ended the American Revolutionary War, left out the British delegation who, out of shame for their country's defeat, refused to pose and so the portrait was never finished.
Dickens' Dream, by Robert William Buss, begun on the death of Charles Dickens in 1870, and incomplete at the time of the painter's death in 1875.
Artists leave behind incomplete work for a variety of reasons. A piece may not be completed if the subject becomes unavailable, such as in the changing of a landscape or the death of a person being painted. Elizabeth Shoumatoff's Unfinished Portrait of 32nd U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt was started around noon on 12 April 1945 but left unfinished when Roosevelt died later that day. In other instances, outside circumstances can prevent the execution of an otherwise "finished" artwork: Leonardo da Vinci developed sketches and models for the 24-foot-tall (7.3 m) "Gran Cavallo" horse statue but the bronze to cast the sculpture was diverted to make cannons.[17] Five hundred years later, two full-size sculptures were completed based on Leonardo's work.[18] Technically his The Last Supper is unfinished. In most pictures it shows a roof, but at Milan, where the painting lies, it shows some Latin that is half done. Robert William Buss left unfinished his most famous painting, Dickens' Dream, just as Charles Dickens himself had left a novel half-complete at his death.
Depending on the medium involved, it can be difficult for another artist to complete an unfinished artwork without damaging it. Some artists completed the paintings of their mentors, such as Giulio Romano is believed to have done on Raphael's Transfiguration,[19] and Titian on Giorgione's Sleeping Venus.[20]
Instead of completing another artist's masterpiece, particularly when many years have passed, unfinished works frequently inspire others to create their own version. Michelangelo left several unfinished sculptures and paintings, with sketches and partially completed paintings inspiring others.[21] If the work is to be done on commission but is not finished it is commonly passed on to another artist. Leonardo da Vinci's work on the Adoration of the Magi for the monastery of San Donato was halted when he left Florence for Milan. Still requiring an altarpiece, the monks employed Filippino Lippi to create one.[22] Both paintings now hang in the Uffizi gallery.[23]
Paintings are usually sketched on the canvas before work begins, and sculptures are frequently planned using a maquette. These works-in-progress can be as sought after as (or even more sought after than) completed works by highly regarded artists because they help reveal the process of creating a work of art. Gian Lorenzo Bernini, a sculptor from the Baroque period, made his bozzetti (an Italian term for the prototype sculpture) from wax or baked terracotta to show those that had commissioned him how the final piece was intended to look. Eleven of these bozzetti were displayed in an exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago in 2004.[24] Some museums specialise in collections of maquettes, such as the Museo dei Bozzetti in Pietrasanta, Italy.
During the Renaissance, Donatello made sculptures that appeared unfinished by only sculpting part of the block, leaving the figure appearing to be stuck within the material. He called this technique "non finito", and it has been used by several artists since then.[25]
In the age of mass media, incomplete work can reach an audience due to sheer demand for material by the artist. Tintin and Alph-Art, the 24th comic in Hergé's popular The Adventures of Tintin series, was unfinished at his death. Though he had illustrated a significant part of the book, several sketched panels remained in the final scenes, with no clear outline for the last third of the story. The book was still published and the story can be followed despite the incomplete artwork.
Architecture, construction and engineeringEdit
See also: Unfinished building
Many construction or engineering projects have remained unfinished at various stages of development. The work may be finished as a blueprint or whiteprint and never be realised, or be abandoned during construction.
There are numerous unfinished buildings that remain partially constructed in countries around the world, some of which can be used in their incomplete state, while others remain as mere shells. An example of the latter is the Ryugyong Hotel in North Korea. If finished, it would become the tallest hotel in the world and the seventh largest building[26] but is uninhabitable and will not be completed due to the cost and the poor structural integrity.[27] Some projects are intentionally left with an unfinished appearance, particularly the follies of the late 16th to 18th century.
There are many reasons for construction works being halted. Amongst others, they include a changing financial climate, unforeseen structural weaknesses, and a dramatic shift in the politics of a country. Work on the Palace of Soviets, a project to construct the world's largest building in Moscow, was halted when the city was attacked during World War II.[28]
Some buildings are in a cycle of near-perpetual construction, with work lasting for decades or even centuries. Antoni Gaudí's Sagrada Família in Barcelona has been under construction since 1882. Work was delayed by the Spanish Civil War, during which part of the original models were destroyed. After the restoration of these models, the works are still in progress and the prevision is that the building will be finished in 2026. Today, even with portions of the basilica incomplete, it is still the most popular tourist destination in Barcelona with 1.5 million visitors every year. Gaudí spent 40 years of his life overseeing the project and is buried in the crypt.[29] Also in Barcelona, construction on the Barcelona Cathedral started in 1298, but its dome and central tower were only finished in 1913, 615 years later. Germany's Cologne Cathedral took even longer to complete, from 1248 to 1880, a total of 632 years.[30]
Construction of Cologne Cathedral took over 600 years.
It is not only buildings that have failed during the construction phase. In the 1920s, the White Star Line hired the shipbuilders Harland and Wolff to build the first 1,000-foot-long (300 m) ocean liner, with the planned name of Oceanic. However, a dispute between the companies halted the construction, then the Great Depression put an end to it; eventually the portion of the keel already constructed was broken up and used in building the smaller but similar ship, the MV Britannic.[31] In the 1970s the Hoan Bridge in Milwaukee, Wisconsin was out of use for five years after its construction when the connecting roads were not completed. In the 1980s, during the Iran–Iraq War, Iraqi president Saddam Hussein commissioned the Babylon project. The supergun design by Gerald Bull was never fully constructed after Bull's assassination in March 1990.[32][33]
Many projects do not get to the construction phase and are halted during or after planning. Ludwig II of Bavaria commissioned several designs for Castle Falkenstein, with the fourth plan being vastly different from the first. The first two designs were turned down, one because of costs and one because the design displeased Ludwig, and the third designer withdrew from the project. The fourth and final plan was completed and some infrastructure was prepared for the site, but Ludwig died before construction work began.[34] The Palace of Whitehall, at the time the largest palace in Europe, was mostly destroyed by a fire in 1698. Sir Christopher Wren, most famous for his role in rebuilding several churches after the Great Fire of London in 1666, sketched a proposed replacement for a part of the palace, but financial constraints prevented construction.
Sir Christopher Wren's 1698 sketch for a rebuilt Palace of Whitehall.
Computer technology has allowed for 3D representations of projects to be shown before they are built. In some cases the construction is never started and the computer model is the nearest that anyone can ever get to seeing the finished piece. For example, in 1999 Kent Larson's exhibition "Unbuilt Ruins: Digital Interpretations of Eight Projects by Louis I. Kahn" showed computer images of designs completed by noted architect Louis Kahn but never built.[35] Computer simulations can also be used to create prototypes of engineering projects and test them before they are actually made; this has allowed the design process to be more successful and efficient.
Even without being constructed, many architectural designs and ideas have had a lasting influence. The Russian constructivism movement started in 1913[36] and was taught in the Bauhaus and other architecture schools, leading to numerous architects integrating it into their style.[37][38]
MusicEdit
Classical musicEdit
See also: Unfinished symphony and Composer tributes (classical music)
In the days of classical music, all compositions were sketched on manuscripts – the technology to record music did not exist. Often these manuscripts are roughly sketched, with drafting work scribbled over the top of the music, and have been found in unordered piles. Many unfinished symphonies have been pieced together from these original manuscripts by other composers, after the original author's death, with some remaining incomplete until many decades later. One of the most famous examples of unfinished musical compositions is Franz Schubert's Symphony No. 8 in B minor, or as it is more commonly known, The Unfinished Symphony.[39] Another famous unfinished classical piece is Mozart's Requiem, famous in part because of the numerous myths and legends that surround its creation and in part because of Mozart's prestige. At the time of his death, Mozart had fully orchestrated only the first movement, leaving nine further movements in varying states of completion. Franz Xaver Süssmayr, an acquaintance of Mozart, finished the nine incomplete movements and wrote four more. Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 10 was incomplete, with only drafts, sketches, and two mostly orchestrated movements existing at the composer's death. Several people have "completed" it with varying degrees of success, the most notable of these being Deryck Cooke's "performing version of the draft."[40]
J. S. Bach's The Art of Fugue breaks off abruptly during Contrapunctus XIV.
Some compositions are finished "in the style of" the original composer, with someone who is highly familiar with the work adopting the same writing style and continuing the musical tone. Johann Sebastian Bach's The Art of Fugue, which was broken off abruptly during Contrapunctus XIV, probably shortly before the death of the composer, was first published in the mid 18th century. Many reconstructions have been written, but in 1991 Zoltán Göncz used the form of a permutation fugue to make a strong argument as to the structure of the Fugue to come.[41] (See external links.) Sir Edward Elgar was composing a Symphony No. 3 at the time of his death and left 130 pages of sketches. These sketches were put into a reasonable order, orchestrated in the style of Elgar, and elaborated by Anthony Payne. Payne's reconstruction has been played numerous times to great acclaim.[42]
Some works, deemed complete by the composer, are nonetheless augmented for non-musical reasons. In May 2000 composer Colin Matthews premiered his "completion" of Gustav Holst's The Planets, whereby he composed a new movement for the ninth planet Pluto, giving it the name "Pluto, The Renewer". When Holst had written the original piece Pluto had not been discovered, and this addition therefore updated the suite to represent all known planets of the solar system (Earth was never included), 82 years after it was originally performed.[43] In August 2006 Pluto was officially demoted to a dwarf planet, meaning that Holst's original work now more accurately represents the solar system.[44]
Some very famous 20th century operas have been left incomplete at their composers' deaths. Giacomo Puccini left the finale of Turandot unfinished and the missing music had to be provided by Franco Alfano for the premiere in 1926. Recently, Luciano Berio composed an alternative ending. Alban Berg had only finished the first two acts of his opera Lulu at the time of his death in 1935. Due to objections from his widow, it was not until 1979 that a full version was performed, with music for the final act devised by Friedrich Cerha using Berg's sketches.[45]
Other musical works which are unfinished but performable, are simply given in their incomplete state. Schubert's symphony is the most famous, but Anton Bruckner's Ninth Symphony is performed without a finale, and in Karl Amadeus Hartmann's Gesangsszene, the final words of Jean Giraudoux's text, left unset at the composer's death, are simply spoken by the soloist.
Some other well-known examples of unfinished works completed by other hands include:
Béla Bartók's Viola Concerto, completed by Tibor Serly and others.
Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 10, completed by Barry Cooper.
Alexander Borodin's opera Prince Igor, completed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov.
Ferruccio Busoni's opera Doktor Faust, completed in distinct versions by Philipp Jarnach and Antony Beaumont.
Ernest Chausson's String Quartet, completed by Vincent d'Indy.
Claude Debussy's fragment La chute du Maison Usher was realized three times, by Carolyn Abbate, Juan Allende-Blin and Julian Grant, and completed by Robert Orledge, using other extant music by Debussy.
Claude Debussy's opera Rodrigue et Chimène, completed by Edison Denisov.
Léo Delibes' opera Kassya, completed by Jules Massenet.
Gaetano Donizetti's opera Le duc d'Albe, completed by Matteo Salvi.
Manuel de Falla's opera Atlántida, completed by Ernesto Halffter.
Fromental Halévy's opera Noé, completed by Georges Bizet.
Charles Ives' Universe Symphony, completed by various composers, including Larry Austin.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Great Mass in C minor, completed in various versions, among which are those by Robert D. Levin and Benjamin-Gunnar Cohrs.
Modest Mussorgsky's opera The Fair at Sorochyntsi, completed in various versions by César Cui, Nikolai Tcherepnin, Vissarion Shebalin and Emil Cooper.
Mussorgsky's opera Khovanshchina, completed in distinct versions by Rimsky-Korsakov; Maurice Ravel and Igor Stravinsky working together; and Dmitri Shostakovich.
Mussorgsky's opera Zhenitba, completed in various versions, including Rimsky-Korsakov, Aleksandr Gauk, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Alexander Tcherepnin, Gennady Rozhdestvensky and Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn.
Jacques Offenbach's operetta La belle Lurette, completed by Léo Delibes.
Jacques Offenbach's opera Les contes d'Hoffmann, compiled in distinct versions by Ernest Guiraud, Fritz Oeser, and more recently (as more sketches have come to light) by Jean-Christophe Keck.
Sergei Prokofiev's opera Maddalena, completed by Edward Downes.
Giacomo Puccini's opera La rondine, completed by Lorenzo Ferrero.
Ottorino Respighi's opera Lucrezia, completed by Elsa Respighi.
Arnold Schoenberg's opera Moses und Aron, third act written but never set to music, completed by Zoltán Kocsis with the permission of Schoenberg's heirs.
Franz Schubert's Symphony No. 7, 8, and 10, completed by Brian Newbould.
Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 9, completed in various versions by William Carragan, Nicola Samale, Giuseppe Mazzuca, John A. Phillips, and Benjamin-Gunnar Cohrs working together, and Gerd Schaller.
Alexander Scriabin's Mysterium, of which the Prefatory Action was completed by Alexander Nemtin.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 3, completed by Sergei Taneyev.
This work was originally intended to be a Symphony in E♭; it would have been his 6th symphony had he not abandoned it (the work now known as his Symphony No. 6 in B minor, or Pathétique, is completely different). Tchaikovsky converted his sketches into a piano concerto, and in that form it was completed by Taneyev. However, Semyon Bogatyrev took the original sketches and completed the symphony Tchaikovsky had first planned, publishing it as Tchaikovsky's "Symphony No. 7".
Carl Maria von Weber's opera Die drei Pintos, completed by Gustav Mahler.
Peter Schickele parodied the concept in his "Unbegun Symphony", which contains only movements III and IV because, as Schickele put it, "I was born too late to write the first two movements."
Modern recordingsEdit
Since recording equipment has been an integral part of writing music it has been possible to use the original master tapes and demos to construct a song from the parts that had already been completed. Many demos are released officially if the artist has been unable (or unwilling) to complete it, or made available as a bootleg recording. The continued popularity of the Beatles led to "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love" being released in the mid-1990s after the band members pieced together incomplete recordings by the deceased John Lennon.[46] Both songs reached the top five in the British singles chart.
In 1969, after releasing the White Album, the Beatles began working on an album entitled Get Back, which was never completed. Most of the songs from Get Back were eventually used on the Let It Be album.
Brian Wilson performing Smile as a solo artist in 2005
The Beach Boys' Smile is considered the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music.[47][48] Recorded in 1966 and 1967, Smile was to be the followup to the album Pet Sounds (1966), but due to a plethora of reasons including project leader Brian Wilson's deteriorating mental health and increased friction among the band members as well as between the band members and the record company executives, the band abandoned the project after completing numerous recordings slated for the project (which were included in later, less ambitious albums). In 2004, Wilson and writing partner Van Dyke Parks went into the studio, and newly recorded the material and released it as a completed solo album. That album was used as a template to construct a version of the Beach Boys album from the original Smile Sessions in 2011.
Janis Joplin died of a drug overdose during the recording sessions for Pearl. The album was released three months after her death with ten songs, including two apparently incomplete recordings. "Buried Alive in the Blues" was released as an instrumental, and "Mercedes Benz" was released as an a capella vocal.
Other famous unfinished rock albums The Who's rock opera Lifehouse, Bob Dylan's The Basement Tapes, Jimi Hendrix's First Rays of the New Rising Sun, Jeff Buckley's My Sweetheart the Drunk.[49] All have been released, in whole or part, in various posthumous forms in the ensuing years,[49] Lifehouse being another case of using demos in order to present a completed work.
Several artists have found that some of their studio work have been leaked onto the Internet before their album has been completed. System of a Down's 2002 follow-up to Toxicity, untitled at the time, was leaked onto the Internet as MP3 files. When the album was released under the title Steal This Album! the songs were significantly different from the work-in-progress, with different titles, lyrics and even melodies. There were some reports that the changes were a direct result of negative feedback about the leaked material.[50]
Some artists will try to ensure that their work is completed (as much as possible) before their health prevents them from continuing. Johnny Cash, aware of his failing health, made sure that he recorded the vocals for 60 more songs, with the music being completed after his death. These songs were compiled by producer Rick Rubin and released posthumously as American V: A Hundred Highways and American VI.[51] However, not all artists get the chance to complete their work before their death, and the recordings that are made public may be somewhat different from what had originally been intended. From a Basement on the Hill by Elliott Smith was released posthumously in 2004 with comments from the initial album producer saying that "[t]he record he would have delivered would [have] had more songs, would have had different mixes and [been] a little more in your face".[52]
Richard Carpenter released several tracks decades after his sister Karen died in 1983, leaving a multitude of unfinished work. One track, released on the "Interpretations" compilation album in 1995, included Karen's lead vocal for the song "Tryin' to Get the Feeling Again" which had previously been recorded and released by Barry Manilow. The lead had been lost for years on a mislabelled tape. Strings, piano, and backup singers were added to the sound of Karen's lead vocal, while Richard left the sound of her turning the lead sheet over in the finished product. Another track was Karen's cover "The Rainbow Connection", which had been written by Kenny Ascher and Paul Williams for Jim Henson to sing as Kermit the Frog in The Muppet Movie (1979). Recording it only a year later, Richard claims that Karen just did not like the song and that was why it was omitted from their 1981 album, Made In America. A toy piano, choir, and strings were added against Karen's vocals. The song was released in 2001 on the album As Time Goes By, considered the final studio album of the duo.[citation needed]
FilmEdit
Orson Welles left behind numerous unfinished films.
Films may not be completed for several reasons, with some being shelved during different stages of the production. Arrive Alive was scrapped after a week of filming when the comedy was not living up to the screenplay. Shelving a film without it ever being released can be very expensive for the studios, with Arrive Alive costing $7 million.
With so many people involved in filmmaking it is possible for a film to remain incomplete because of an injury or death. While a member of the crew (even a producer or director) can often be replaced, it is much more difficult to change to a different actor if many of the scenes have already been filmed, or if a character is strongly associated with an actor's physic, voice, or demeanor, or special skills. For example, Dark Blood was cancelled 80% of the way through filming due to the death of its star River Phoenix. However, the film premiered to a private guest audience on September 27, 2012 at the Netherlands Film Festival in Utrecht, Netherlands. Some films have been completed despite such problems. A famous example is Bruce Lee's Game of Death. Lee died during the filming, and the rest of the filming was finished with Tai Chung Kim, a Lee look-alike, acting as a double, and Yuen Biao acting as a stunt double for action scenes. His son, Brandon Lee, suffered the same fate: he died after filming most of The Crow, but the remaining scenes were played by stunt double Chad Stahelski, with Lee's face digitally composited onto the double.[53]
Continued delays can prevent a film from ever being completed. Something's Got to Give was a 1962 film with a difficult production history, which included the firing of leading lady Marilyn Monroe. She was later rehired but died before filming started; without the delay the film might have been completed.[54]
In Orson Welles' lifetime his unfinished films became legendary. For decades he worked on a version of Don Quixote, and he claimed that the film could be finished despite the deaths of his two leading actors.[55] Citizen Kane remains one of the only films that was released as Welles intended, with most of his other films remaining incomplete or being changed by the studios. His death on 10 October 1985 came while he was working on The Other Side of the Wind and The Dreamers; the former was completed in 2018 by Peter Bogdanovich.[56]
Animated films, though less vulnerable to problems such as the death of an actor, can still fail to be completed. The Thief and the Cobbler was a twenty-six-year animated film project by Richard Williams which was taken away from him and completed by Fred Calvert.[57] The workprint of the original film became available as a bootleg, and there have been several attempts to restore the film, most notably Garrett Gilchrist's "Recobbled" cut. The 1978 animated adaptation of The Lord of the Rings was not viewed by the studio as enough of a commercial success to warrant the funding of a sequel, thus not completing the story from the original trilogy of books.[58]
TelevisionEdit
Consisting of many episodes that are grouped together in seasons or series, a long-form television show that intends to tell a continuous, long story can be cancelled for any reason before it broadcasts all of its planned episodes and resolves all story arcs and its central premise. This can happen as the series is getting started, or even before a single episode has been broadcast. In most cases, to get a series broadcast, its creators must typically produce a pilot episode to convince a television network to pick up and support it.[citation needed] There is no guarantee that the pilot will air, the network holds the final say on whether the series will go forward. There is also a chance that the network can cancel the series just after it airs roughly half of its first season and issue a mid-season replacement that would air instead of the second half of episodes. If a series fails to start, it would technically be unfinished in the sense that substantial effort was put into developing it and much more work could have been done on it had it actually been able to begin.
At the end of a season, a television series is cancelled if its network does not order any future seasons to follow, and would thus be unfinished if it does not resolve all of its planned story arcs and central premise by that time. In such situation, the series' creators may make a passionate bid to keep the series going by intentionally ending the current season finale on a cliffhanger to give fans the impression that the series' overarching story hasn't been resolved and/or there are much more stories to tell, as well as emphasize that it would not make sense to discontinue it.[citation needed] Unfortunately, this tactic does not always succeed,[59] and can potentially produce an exacerbating bout of disappointment if the series is nevertheless cancelled and left truly unfinished - a fate that befell Marvel's Iron Fist.[60] Alternatively, the creators of a series put in a similar predicament may choose to design the season finale to function like a series finale so as to bring a sense of closure to the audience if the series is indeed cancelled and prevented from fully accomplishing its goals.[citation needed]
Some unfinished television series may be revived for various reasons and ultimately given a proper ending.[citation needed] Two ubiquitous
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examples of unfinished series that were finally completed years after they were cancelled were Samurai Jack and the 2008 3D Star Wars: The Clone Wars, two animated series that ran for several seasons on Cartoon Network before being cancelled without having a proper ending in place. Samurai Jack was cancelled in 2004 after four seasons without a conclusive resolution to its central plot,[61] which Adult Swim eventually provided when it revived the series for a fifth and final season in 2017.[62] Clone Wars was cancelled in 2013 partway through its planned run in favor of other Star Wars projects headed by Disney after it acquired Lucasfilm a year prior.[63] The series would remain unfinished for years until Disney and Lucasfilm decided to revive and finally finish it with one final season, set to be exclusively released on Disney+ on February 17, 2020.[64] Scooby-Doo! and the Curse of the 13th Ghost was commissioned to resolve a plot hole in the relatively obscure mid-1980s Saturday morning cartoon The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo.[65] In other instances, the revived series may appear to be merely a means to attract nostalgic viewers, with no plan to give a proper conclusion to the overarching plot threads left unresolved at the end of the original run; such criticism was leveled at The X-Files for its 10th and 11th seasons, in 2016 and 2018, which also both ended on a frustrating cliffhanger, resulting in a strong backlash toward each finale, even though some earlier episodes were praised.[66][67]
Finally, other outside circumstances can prevent the completion of a piece of television. The 1980 Doctor Who serial Shada was abandoned after strike action prevented the cast and crew from gaining access to the studio, and rearranging filming of the serial was deemed as less important than recording Christmastime programming, so it was left incomplete. A 1992 release linked filmed scenes with narration to describe missing scenes, for a VHS release; then in 2017, the original cast was reunited to record audio for an animated reconstruction of missing scenes according to the original script.
SoftwareEdit
Computer software, particularly games, are sometimes cancelled quite far into their development. Occasionally they are demonstrated to the press so that previews can be written but are never completed or published. Amen: The Awakening had an extensive preview written in the magazine PC Paradox in 1999, including numerous screenshots, which generated a lot of interest in the project. However, it was cancelled the following year.[68] Due to continued interest in a game, some are eventually made available in their unfinished state. Combat 2, the sequel to the 1977 Atari VCS-bundled game Combat, was never completed, but many years later, at the 2001 Classic Gaming Expo, 200 copies of the unfinished game were sold after a company created a box and manual.[69]
Software undergoes a testing phase that helps to eliminate problems before it is released; however, beta testing is a form of testing where the software is open to the public (usually limited to a set number of people or organisations) but is still essentially unfinished. This is often an important part of the development of a software package.
If a piece of software is becoming overly delayed the developer may just release the program despite the presence of a few bugs. The Internet has allowed patches to be deployed that fix these bugs, but before such technology was available the problems could not be fixed after the game was published. Even with this, a game with too many bugs when it is made public will receive very poor reviews that will undoubtedly affect sales. For example, 2002's Destroyer Command received some very positive reviews about many aspects of the game but was criticised for the number of glitches it contained that, given a lengthier software testing phase, should have been fixed.[70] Some developers choose to disable certain features in order to release the game on time, especially if a project has seen an amount of feature creep. One such title was Cinemaware's Defender of the Crown, which was released before all the features were completed when the company was faced with a strict deadline and the loss of two programmers.[71]
There have also been instances of video games and software that are unfinished because they are still in development while being available to a larger group of people to test them, whether by remaining in an early access state for a prolonged period of time or ending up stuck in perpetual beta.
In lawEdit
Unfinished work is often covered by the copyright laws of the country of origin. The United States have taken the step of creating a law which specifically mentions ongoing work, whereby work which is in progress but will in the future be completed can be covered by copyright. On 27 April 2005 the "Artist's Rights and Theft Prevention Act", a subpart of the Family Entertainment and Copyright Act, was signed into U.S. law. This act allows for organisations or individuals to apply for copyright protection on unfinished commercial products, such as software, films, and other visual or audible media.[72] For example, a photographer can preregister a photograph by giving a written description of what the final piece (or collection thereof) will look like before the work is finished.[73]
In copyright law, an artistic creation that includes major, basic copyrighted aspects of an original, previously created first work is known as a 'derivative work'. This holds for all kinds of work, including those that have never officially been published. The rights of the first work's originator must be granted to the secondary work for it to be rightfully called a 'derivative work'. If no copyright permission is granted from the originator, it is instead called a 'copy'. Upon completion of the new piece both parties hold a joint copyright status, with both having to agree to any publications. When the copyright has lapsed for the original work the second artist fully owns the copyright for their work, but cannot stop distribution of the original piece or another artist from completing the work in their own way. However, such copyrights can only be granted if the work shows significant new creative content.[74][75]
Lacuna – a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, or a musical work.
List of comics solicited but never published
Lost work
Shared universe – a literary technique whereby a series can continue after the death of the original author.
Tower of Babel – a tower mentioned in Genesis in the Bible where God halted the construction.
^ (in Spanish) Contijoch, Francesc Miralles (2000) "Franz Kafka". Oceano Grupo Editorial, S.A. Barcelona. ISBN 84-494-1811-9.
^ BookRags makes this quantitative note; it also reveals some more information about the publication of The Garden of Eden and offers some discussion of thematic content.
^ "A History of War". Accessed 6 August 2006
^ Tolkienlibrary.com. "Collecting The Silmarillion". Accessed 9 August 2006.
^ 6 December 2000. "The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer : an overall survey Archived 25 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 9 August 2006.
^ The Faerie Queene is about 35,000 verses long. By comparison, Savitri is about 24,000 verses long, and Beowulf is about 3,000 verses long. The Sanskrit language Mahabharata, however, is many times longer than The Faerie Queene.
^ Pierre Citron edition, vol 1, 49-50.
^ Dune 7 Blog. 16 December 2005. "Conspiracy Theories Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 24 August 2006.
^ Hubeart, Thomas 1996. "Whatever Happened to Don Juan? Finding the Ending to Byron's Poem". Accessed 9 August 2006.
^ Perdue, David. David Perdue's Charles Dickens page. "The Mystery of Edwin Drood". Accessed 10 August 2006.
^ Tams-Witmark Music Library. "Drood (The Mystery of Edwin Drood)". Accessed 10 August 2006.
^ "Christian Scriptures (New Testament) Alleged forgery in the Gospel of Mark". Religious Tolerance. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
^ Poirier, Brent; Terry, Peter; Buck, Christopher; Momen, Moojan; Winters, Jonah. "The Bayán". Accessed 11 August 2006.
^ Pottenger, Elizabeth. "Baha'u'llah's Disclosure of His Station". Accessed 11 August 2006.
^ Richards, Stephen. "Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274 CE)". Accessed 20 August 2006.
^ Goldstine, Herman H. 1972. The Computer: from Pascal to von Neumann. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02367-0.
^ Vezzosi, Alessandro (1997) [1996]. Leonardo da Vinci: Renaissance Man. ‘New Horizons’ series. Translated by Bonfante-Warren, Alexandra. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-500-30081-7.
^ The horse that never was...is! Archived 3 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 26 August 2006
^ Gerten-Jackson, Carol. "Raphael". Accessed 10 August 2006.
^ The Economist. 27 July 2006. "Venetian art: The line of beauty". Accessed 10 August 2006.
^ Lane, Jim. 24 March 1999. "A Painter's Legacy". Accessed 6 August 2006.
^ Universal Leonardo: Birth of Filippino Lippi. Retrieved 26 August 2006
^ Loadstar's Lair. "Adoration of the Magi". Accessed 10 August 2006.
^ Cassidy, Victor M. artnet. 2004. "Chicago Report". Accessed 22 August 2006.
^ The Open Door Web Site. "The Renaissance". Accessed 10 August 2006.
^ Emporis. "Ryugyong Hotel". Accessed 20 August 2006.
^ Emporis. 28 July 2000. "Ryugyong Hotel on hold Archived 21 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 20 August 2006.
^ Beautiful Atrocities. 8 April 2005. "Stalin's Vision of Moscow Archived 29 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 24 August 2006.
^ Barcelona Information. "Barcelona Sagrada Familia Archived 23 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 24 August 2006.
^ UNESCO World Heritage. "Cologne Cathedral". Accessed 24 August 2006.
^ Othfors, Daniel. "Intended Giants of the Seas". Accessed 20 August 2006.
^ Wade, Mark. Encyclopedia Astronautica. "Babylon Gun Archived 19 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 24 August 2006.
^ Sherman, Robert. Federation of American Scientists. 8 October 2000. "Project Babylon Supergun / PC-2". Accessed 24 August 2006.
^ Yan, Mark. King Ludwig II of Bavaria - his Life and Art. "Falkenstein". Accessed 21 August 2006.
^ Eiteljorg II, Harrison. 1999. CSA Newsletter, "Seeing Buildings that Were Never Built". Accessed 21 August 2006.
^ HuntFor.com. "Constructivism". Accessed 25 August 2006.
^ University of Westminster. "Constructivism Archived 6 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 25 August 2006.
^ GrahamPotter.com. "Constructivism synopsis". Accessed 25 August 2006.
^ Vial Jaffe, Jane. Stockton Symphony Association. "Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D759 Archived 22 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 9 August 2006.
^ Cooke, Deryck (1976). A Performing Version for the Draft of the Tenth Symphony. Associated Music Publishers. ISBN 0-571-51094-9.
^ Göncz, Z. 1997. Reconstruction of the Final Contrapunctus of The Art of Fugue, in: International Journal of Musicology Vol. 5, pp. 25–93. ISBN 3-631-49809-8; Vol. 6, pp. 103–119. 1998 ISBN 3-631-33413-3.
^ "Anthony Payne on Elgar's Symphony No 3". BBC News. 13 February 1998. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
^ Andante. December 2002. "Completing Holst's Cosmos Archived 22 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 26 August 2006.
^ BBC News. 24 August 2006. "Pluto loses status as a planet". Accessed 26 August 2006.
^ Viking Opera Guide, ed. Holden (Viking, 1994): articles on Puccini and Berg.
^ Sullivan, Caroline. Guardian Unlimited, 21 November 1995. "Do they believe in yesterday?". Accessed 6 August 2006.
^ Bogdanov, Woodstra & Erlewine 2002, p. 72. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBogdanovWoodstraErlewine2002 (help)
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^ a b Unterberger, Richie (13 April 2015), The Top Ten Unreleased Albums From the Mid-1960s Through the Early 1970s, retrieved 2 October 2017
^ Sputnikmusic. "System of a Down - Steal This Album!". Accessed 12 August 2006.
^ Gundersen, Edna. USA Today, 1 May 2006. "Johnny Cash's final work yields 2 more albums". Accessed 6 August 2006.
^ Confabulators. "Elliott Smith Lives Again! From a Basement on the Hill V.2 Archived 12 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 24 August 2006.
^ Urban Legends Reference Pages. 7 December 1997. "Brandon Lee". Accessed 9 August 2006.
^ CoverUps.com. "Marilyn Monroe's Death, Countdown To Tragedy Archived 20 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 9 August 2006.
^ "The Orson Welles Story", Arena, BBC TV 1982.
^ Cabrelli, Paolo. 22 May 2006. "Sunken Treasure: The Drowned World of Lost Movies". Retrieved 17 August 2009.
^ Briney, Daniel. 21 August 2001. "The Thief and the Cobbler: How the Best Was Lost, 1968-1995" at CultureCartel. Accessed 12 November 2006.
^ Cochran, Connor. March 2006. "Peter S. Beagle and the Saul Zaentz Company Archived 22 July 2012 at Archive.today". Accessed 25 August 2006.
^ Anders, Charlie Jane (21 September 2010). "Most frustrating TV shows canceled on a cliffhanger". io9. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
^ Tassi, Paul (13 October 2018). "Netflix Has Officially Cancelled 'Iron Fist,' Despite A Clear Season 3 Cliffhanger". Forbes. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
^ Anderson, Kyle (2 December 2015). "Genndy Tartakovsky's Samurai Jack to Return in 2016". Nerdist. Nerdist Industries. Archived from the original on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
^ Petski, Denise (2 December 2015). "Samurai Jack Heading Back to Adult Swim in 2016". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
^ "A New Direction For Lucasfilm Animation". StarWars.com. March 11, 2013. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
^ Tassi, Paul (5 January 2020). "Disney Plus Finally Gives 'Star Wars: The Clone Wars' Season 7 An Exact Release Date". Forbes. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
^ New Scooby-Doo Movie Will Finally Solve Decades Old 13th Ghost Mystery
^ The X-Files: Season 10
^ PlanetPhillip. 18 August 2004. "Amen: The Awakening Archived 16 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 12 August 2006.
^ AtariAge. "Combat Two". Accessed 12 August 2006.
^ Metacritic. "Destroyer Command". Accessed 12 August 2006.
^ Hall Of Light. "Defender Of The Crown". Accessed 20 August 2006.
^ Center for Democracy and Technology. April 2005. "Analysis of the Family Entertainment and Copyright Act of 2005 (S. 167)" (PDF). (74.1 KB) . Accessed 9 August 2006.
^ Lang, Daryl. 14 November 2005. "New Copyright Law Lets Photographers Register Unfinished Work". Accessed 9 August 2006.
^ Lloyd, L. Rich (1998). "The Public Domain and the Impact of New Legislation". The Publishing Law Center. Retrieved 26 August 2006.
^ Wehrli, John E (14 October 2005). "Computer Software and Copyright". Retrieved 26 August 2006.
J. S. Bach: Contrapunctus XIV (reconstruction) – part 1 (YouTube Video)
J. S. Bach: Completed Fugue in C minor BWV 562:2 (YouTube Video)
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Larry King hospitalised after testing positive for COVID-19
Larry KingIANS
Veteran talk show host Larry King has been hospitalised after testing positive for COVID-19.
King is receiving treatment at a medical center here, a source close to King’s family told ABC News and CNN, reports variety.com.
“Larry has fought so many health issues in the last few years and he is fighting this one hard too, he’s a champ,” a source said to ABC News.
The veteran talk show host has been hospitalized for more than a week, according to CNN.
In 2019, the 87-year-old suffered a stroke and had an angioplasty.
King also shared that in 2017 he received treatment for lung cancer. He also had a major heart attack in 1987, for which he underwent quintuple-bypass surgery.
King is in isolation at the hospital and unable to receive visits from his family. This was first reported by portal Showbiz 411 on January 1.
King has penned two books about his experience with heart disease—“Mr. King, You’re Having a Heart Attack: How a Heart Attack and Bypass Surgery Changed My Life”, and “Taking On Heart Disease: Famous Personalities Recall How They Triumphed over the Nation’s #1 Killer and How You Can, Too”.
The veteran talk show hosted a radio show titled “The Larry King Show” in the 1970s.
From 1985 to 2010, King was the host of “Larry King Live”. Most recently, he hosted “Larry King Now” from 2012 to 2020, and continues to host “Politicking With Larry King.
King lost two children, his son named Andy, who died of a heart attack in July and his daughter Chaia, died of lung cancer in August in 2020.
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T-group
T-group: translation
noun Etymology: training group Date: 1950 a group of people under the leadership of a trainer who seek to develop self-awareness and sensitivity to others by verbalizing feelings uninhibitedly at group sessions — compare encounter group
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group — [gruːp] noun [countable] 1. also group of companies ORGANIZATIONS a large business organization that consists of several companies that all have the same owner: • Burmah Castrol, the lubricants group • the sale of the Rover Group to BMW … Financial and business terms
Group dynamics — is the study of groups, and also a general term for group processes. Relevant to the fields of psychology, sociology, and communication studies, a group is two or more individuals who are connected to each other by social relationships. [Forsyth … Wikipedia
Group of death — is an informal sobriquet used in football and other team sports to describe a situation that often occurs during the group stage of a tournament (such as the first round of the World Cup), where:* all the teams present in one group are considered … Wikipedia
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Group — can refer to: Sociology * Group action (sociology) * Group behaviour * Groups of people, a description of various different human groups ** Peer group ** Workgroup * Group dynamics * Group (sociology), a sub set of a culture or of a society *… … Wikipedia
Group polarization — is the tendency of people to make decisions that are more extreme when they are in a group as opposed to a decision made alone or independently. Overview Study of this effect has shown that after participating in a discussion group, members tend… … Wikipedia
Group marriage — Group marriage, also known as multi lateral marriage, is a form of polyamory in which more than two persons form a family unit, with all the members of the group marriage being considered to be married to all the other members of the group… … Wikipedia
Group C — was a category of auto racing, introduced into sports car racing by the FIA in 1982, along with Group A for touring cars and Group B for GTs. It was designed to replace both Group 5 Special Production Cars (closed top touring prototypes like… … Wikipedia
Group affective tone — represents the consistent or homogeneous affective reactions within a group5,6. Group affective tone is an aggregate of the moods of the individual members of the group and refers to mood at the group level of analysis. If the moods of the… … Wikipedia
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February 01, 2015 Updated 17:08 GMT
Homepage : Society
Homepage : Society : Politely crumpled suits: Prince Edward's Middle East tour
Lana Asfour
Politely crumpled suits: Prince Edward's Middle East tour
The Prince Wales and group at Giza, 1862 (courtesy of The Queen’s Gallery, Buckingham Palace)
Date of publication: 1 February, 2015
Review: “Cairo to Constantinople: Early Photographs of the Middle East”, showing at the Queen’s Gallery in London until 22 February 2015.
Photography, Photographs, Ottoman Empire, Exhibition, Images, Culture, Imperialism, Middle East, Britain, Prince of Wales, Royal, Francis Bedford
In 1862, over half a century before the fall of the Ottoman Empire and before the British and French carved up the Middle East, the then Prince of Wales went on a four-month tour of the region.
The future Edward VII visited Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey and Greece, on a tour that was arranged by his parents, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, to keep him busy between university and marriage. Although Prince Albert died in 1861, Queen Victoria insisted that Prince Edward's journey would go ahead.
The royals were enthusiastic supporters of the recently-invented medium of photography, with its realistic depiction of the world, and they had the brilliant idea of sending along the photographer Francis Bedford to record the trip.
These images are utterly compelling - not only for their obvious historical importance, but also because of their sheer beauty.
On the prince's return, 172 of Bedford's photographs were exhibited to the public in London and then published in a book. They were a great success, giving Britons the opportunity to see realistic images of far-away places.
"Cairo to Constantinople: Early Photographs of the Middle East" at the Queens Gallery in London assembles these photographs again for a contemporary audience.
Today's audience, however, is both constantly exposed to visual images and attuned to the pitfalls of Orientalist representations which objectify and distance foreign peoples - particularly those who would soon be colonised. It may be surprising, then, to find that these images are utterly compelling - not only for their obvious historical importance, but also because of their quality and sheer beauty.
The Temple of Jupiter, Baalbek, Lebanon, 1862 (courtesy of The Queen’s Gallery, Buckingham Palace)
With only a portable tent to prepare the photographic plates and work on them after they were exposed in the camera, Bedford nevertheless produced some stunning images.
They have a sharpness and clarity that is absent in contemporary digital photography, and they capture the awesome scale and majesty of famous sites, such as the monuments at Luxor, the great mosque of Constantinople and Baalbek temple. A modern audience may be taken aback, though, to see the dilapidated state of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, which underwent renovation years later, under the French mandate and after Syrian independence.
The landscapes - of the desert, mountains or sea - are beautifully composed, and of course they are clear of modern clutter such as road signs, highrise buildings and traffic.
Bedford also presents some haunting images of destruction in the towns of Hasbaya and Rashaya in southern Lebanon and in the Christian quarter of Damascus following the massacres of the Druze-Christian conflict in 1860. The royal tour took place only two years after this conflict, and the ghostly images of destruction are disturbingly reminiscent of today’s pictures of war-devastated parts of Syria, Iraq and Gaza.
Only 21 years old, the prince and his party travelled relatively simply, camping and riding camels when visiting sites, though he also met politicians, monarchs and intellectuals. There are a few photographs of his party, looking politely dishevelled in crumpled suits and long leather riding boots.
Bedford also photographed groups of people who accompanied or met them on their travels, such as the Bashi-bazouk mercenaries of the Ottoman army, the party's camp attendants in Beirut and the Albanian water carriers.
Several photographs include local people. Their presence shows off the size and scale of the buildings and monuments beside which they stand, sit or gather to chat. But they also provide the Orientalist perspective of poor and picturesque locals who are part of the landscape and don’t really need to be taken into account.
Some of the Arabs or locals in the photos have been obviously composed, for they would have had to hold their positions for 12 seconds for the camera. But others are more natural, particularly when larger groups of people or camels were involved, and their movements make them gently blurred.
There are a couple of intriguing portraits: Abdel Qadir, for instance, an Algerian scholar living in exile in Damascus who fought for independence and protected Christians during the Druze massacres, and a more humble, unknown man whose dignified bearing is sympathetically portrayed.
Tourism in the nineteenth century
Tourism and travel for leisure was becoming very popular during the Victorian period. Travellers were drawn by the idea of visiting biblical lands and by an interest in antiquities and recent archeological discoveries, a process which began many years earlier with Napoleon's expedition to Egypt in 1798-1800.
Steamships began to be used for the route to Alexandria, making travel faster and easier for Europeans. By 1867 Thomas Cook & Son had started to arrange package tours to Egypt and Palestine.
As Edward Said and others have shown, political motives often lay beneath cultural interest in the region, and an imperialist ideological perspective permeated it. In the case of the prince's trip, he was sent to learn about the Middle East at a time when the Ottoman Empire was ailing and Britain already had designs on the region to secure a route to India.
Eyes of a Thief takes Palestine into mainstream cinema
The film interweaves original elements and familiar Hollywood tropes to bring the Palestinian struggle to mainstream cinema.
Otail al-Jaffal
Chaos and culture: Re-establishing Iraq's artistic scene
The conflicts that have rocked Iraq have locked up artistic expression, but a group of pioneers is attempting to break the shackles and restore Baghdad's past glories.
Husam al-Mahmoud
King Tut's death mask glued together in botched repair
Artefact from Tutankhamun's tomb damaged and apparently glued back together with epoxy after routine cleaning goes wrong at Cairo's Egyptian Museum.
Omar Karmi
British Library sheds light on history of UK-Gulf relations
A treasure trove of documents spanning over 200 years relating to the British empire’s administration of the Gulf is being made available online in cooperation with the Qatar National Library
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Thursday 21st of January 2021 12:06:28 AM
Home Academic Analysis Climate explained: how growth in population and consumption drives planetary change
Climate explained: how growth in population and consumption drives planetary change
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Michael Petterson, Professor of Geology, Auckland University of Technology
CC BY-ND
Climate Explained is a collaboration between The Conversation, Stuff and the New Zealand Science Media Centre to answer your questions about climate change.
If you have a question you’d like an expert to answer, please send it to climate.change@stuff.co.nz
The growth of the human population over the last 70 years has exploded from 2 billion to nearly 8 billion, with a compounding net growth of over 30,000 per day. We all breathe out carbon dioxide with every breath. That equates to about 140 billion CO₂ breaths every minute. Isn’t it logical that atmospheric carbon will continue to increase with the birth rate regardless of what we do about fossil fuel reduction?
This question touches on the core of our impact on planetary change. It highlights the exponential growth in the human population, but also homes in on the potential direct input of carbon dioxide from humans, through respiration.
As I explain in more detail below, our breathing does not contribute to the net accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. But population growth, combined with an increase in consumption, is now seen as the main driver of change in the Earth system.
Read more: Climate explained: why your backyard lawn doesn’t help reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Humans: a moment in geological time
Earth has been around for 4.56 billion years. The earliest evidence for life on Earth comes from fossilised mats of cyanobacteria that are about 3.7 billion years old.
From around 700 million years ago, and certainly from 540 million years ago, life exploded into its present myriad forms, from molluscs to lung fish, reptiles, insects, plants, fishes and mammals – culminating in hominids and finally Homo sapiens. Genetic studies suggest hominids evolved from primates around 6 million years ago, with the oldest hominid fossil dating from 4.4 million years ago in East Africa.
Our species appeared around 200,000 to 300,000 years ago, a blink of an eye in geological terms. From Africa, Homo sapiens migrated through Europe and Asia and spread across the world, at lightning speeds.
Part of the question is about a putative link between human biological functions and climate. Homo sapiens is one of more than 28 million living species today, and some 35 billion species that have ever lived on Earth. There has always been a link between life and Earth’s atmosphere, and perhaps the clearest indicator is oxygen.
Life, carbon and climate
Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to master photosynthesis and began adding oxygen to Earth’s early atmosphere, producing levels of 2% by 1 billion years ago. Today oxygen levels are at 20%.
While people inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide (billions of tonnes each year), this does not represent new carbon in the atmosphere, but rather recycled carbon that had been taken up by the animals and plants we eat. Furthermore, the hard parts of human skeletons are potential carbon stores, if buried sufficiently deep.
There is a constant cycling of carbon between geological, oceanographic and biological processes. Homo sapiens is part of this carbon cycle that plays out at the Earth’s surface. Like all living organisms, we derive the carbon we need from our immediate environment and give it up again through breathing, living and dying.
Carbon is only added to the atmosphere if it is taken out of long-term geological stores such as carbon-rich sediments, oil, natural gas and coal.
Read more: Climate explained: why carbon dioxide has such outsized influence on Earth’s climate
Planetary impact of humans
But the remarkable growth in human population is surely the critical issue. Ten thousand years ago, there were 1 million people on Earth. By 1800, there were 1 billion, 3 billion by 1960 and almost 8 billion today.
When these figures are plotted on a graph, the growth line looks almost vertical from the 1800s onwards. Population growth may eventually flatten out, but only at around 10-11 billion.
Alongside the unprecedented population growth of humans has been the loss of many non-human species (10,000 extinctions per million populations per year, or 60% of animal populations since 1970), the rapid loss of wilderness habitat and consequent growth in farmed land, over-fishing (with up to 87% of fisheries fully exploited), and a staggering growth in global car numbers (from zero in the 1920s to 1 billion in 2013 and a projected 2 billion by 2040).
The world production of copper is an instructive proxy for human global impacts. As with many commodity curves, the trend from 1900, and particularly from the 1950s, is exponential. In 1900 around half-a-million tonnes of copper was produced worldwide. Today it is 18 million tonnes per year, with no sign of lowering consumption rates. Copper is the feedstock for much of modern-day and future green technologies.
Most parts of the world now experience material consumption as never before. But serious inequality remains, with over 3 billion living on less than US$5.50 a day, and a tiny percentage who own so much.
Some argue that it is not the numbers of people on Earth that count, but rather the way we consume and share. Whatever the politics and economics, the gross consumption level of billions of humans is, surely, the main cause of planetary change, especially since 1950. Present-day atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide are one of many symptoms of human impact.
– ref. Climate explained: how growth in population and consumption drives planetary change – http://theconversation.com/climate-explained-how-growth-in-population-and-consumption-drives-planetary-change-126671
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LyondellBasell Profile
After 10 years and bankruptcy filing, LyondellBasell leads Gulf petrochemical boom
By Jordan Blum
October 27, 2017 Updated: October 27, 2017 9:19pm
Photo: Yi-Chin Lee, Houston Chronicle
LyondellBasell Industries CEO Bob Patel talks about growth, rebranding and the 10-year anniversary of the formation of the company when Lyondell and Basell merged into what is now a $40 billion company.
Ten years ago, Lyondell Chemical was targeted by a Soviet-born billionaire willing to vastly overpay for it as he sought to create a global petrochemical giant by merging the Houston chemical maker with his own company in Europe.
The $13 billion deal left the combined company, LyondellBasell Industries, burdened with debt just as a worsening U.S. financial crisis plunged the global economy into a deep recession. Bankruptcy followed in 2009. Plants closed, thousands of workers lost jobs and shareholders were all but wiped out, prompting plenty of outrage and lawsuits.
To put it mildly, said Hassan Ahmed, a chemical industry analyst, “It didn’t seem like the best deal.”
Fast-forward to today, and LyondellBasell, which emerged from bankruptcy in 2010, is growing rapidly, spending billions to expand its production along the Gulf Coast and its markets around the world. The company’s stock market valuation has roughly doubled in five years to $40 billion, making LyondellBasell the nation’s second-largest chemical company behind only the recently merged DowDuPont of Midland, Mich., and Wilmington, Del.
LyondellBasell was created a decade ago by the merger of Lyondell Chemical of Houston and the Dutch company Basell.
Incorporated: Rotterdam, Netherlands
Operating headquarters: Houston
Employees worldwide: 13,000
Houston-area employees: 4,800
Market capitalization value: $40 billion
2016 revenues: $29.2 billion
2016 net income: $3.84 billion
The turnaround, analysts say, is the result of a management team that guided the company out of bankruptcy, trimmed costs and methodically built on its Texas operations, positioning LyondellBasell to ride a shale drilling boom that provided plentiful and cheap supplies of natural gas, the feedstock for chemicals and plastics. The company first focused on quickly expanding plants in Channelview, La Porte, Victoria and Corpus Christi, requiring modest investments that didn’t saddle the company with much debt.
As profits have grown into the billions each year – the company on Friday reported a $1.1 billion profit in the third quarter – so have LyondellBasell’s ambitions. Construction recently began on a $700 million plant in La Porte to make stronger,thinner plastics to serve growing Asian markets. A $2.4 billion chemicals complex in Channelview and Pasadena, the company’s most expensive project ever, was given the green light this summer.
Last week, CEO Bob Patel said he plans to follow that project with another a $2 billion-plus plant, which would use propane, a byproduct of natural gas processing, to make chemicals and the plastic polypropylene for North and South American markets.
“They’ve done a phenomenal job,” said Ahmed, who follows the chemical industry for the New York financial research firm Alembic Global Advisers. “They didn’t want to do anything too spectacular, and they made sure the ship was steady. That’s worked extremely well for them.”
LyondellBasell counts about 13,000 employees worldwide, including 4,800 in greater Houston, where about 1,000 work in the global headquarters downtown.
The company has roots in two continents. Lyondell was spun out from the oil company Atlantic Richfield Co., or ARCO, almost 30 years ago. The Dutch chemical maker Basell was formed as a joint venture between Royal Dutch Shell and German multinational BASF.
The Soviet-born billionaire Len Blavatnik (who still controls about 15 percent of the company)acquired Basell in 2005, before gobbling Lyondell in 2007. Patel, then an executive at Chevron Phillips Chemical Co., followed the merger at a distance, recalling it as a difficult and heavily debt-financed deal that didn’t seem practical.
After the bankruptcy filing, Jim Gallogly, a veteran of ConocoPhillips and Chevron Phillips, was hired as CEO. He brought in Patel as a senior vice president in early 2010, right before LyondellBasell emerged from bankruptcy. Patel took the reins in the beginning of 2015 when Gallogly retired.
Gallogly and Patel faced tough choices as they worked to rebuild the company, closing about 10 plants and slashing almost 5,000 employee and contractor jobs, especially in Europe. With fewer global plants in operation and fewer people on the payroll, the company focused on making its remaining operations more efficient and profitable.
Unlike the merger, the timing of the reorganization could not have been better. The shale boom was kicking in, producing vast quantities of the natural gas liquid ethane, which is the feedstock for the primary building block of most plastics, ethylene.
The executives opted to expand their Texas plants to churn out more ethylene and completed those projects much faster than competitors, who were building facilities from scratch.
“When the combination occurred, shale gas wasn’t really visible yet,” Patel said. “In hindsight, it’s turned out to be an incredible deal because of the additional tailwinds from shale gas.”
LyondellBasell has become a major player in Gulf Coast’s petrochemical boom, fueled not only by the flood of natural gas, but also access to foreign markets through growing export terminals at the Port of Houston and other Texas ports. The American Chemistry Council, a trade group, estimated the Texas Gulf Coast accounts for about $70 billion of the $185 billion in petrochemical plants completed since 2010 or planned through 2023.
Still hungry
Even though the company is thriving, Patel wants to inject a new sense of urgencyto coincide with the 10-year anniversary of the merger. He hopes to re-create the same “hunger and enthusiasm” that permeated the organization when the company was still fighting for its life, determined to prove to doubters that it could prosper in a competitive global industry dominated by large players such as Dow, DuPont and BASF.
“That’s not easy to do,” Patel said. “You want to have that drive and hunger, but you don’t want people to feel fearful.”
The $2.4 billion expansion that will span locations in Channelview and Pasadena is scheduled to break ground in the spring. The plant will make propylene oxide, which is used to make bedding, carpeting, coatings, building materials and adhesives, and the by-product tertiary butyl alcohol, which is refined into an additive that makes fuels burn cleaner. The plant will have the biggest production capacity in the world for these chemicals, capable of manufacturing 1 billion pounds of propylene oxide and 2.2 billion pounds of tertiary butyl alcohol a year.
The planned $2 billion project that Patel recently disclosed would likely get built on the Texas Gulf Coast, but a final decision on the investment may not come until the end of 2018. It could also be one of the company’s last megaprojects here, Patel said.
The low prices of oil, another petrochemical feedstock used by foreign competitors, is eroding the cost advantages of natural gas-based chemicals. Local construction costs also are rising as tighter commodity and labor markets make materials and workers – especially those in skilled trades such as welding – more expensive. Soon, Patel said, LyondellBasell may again look internationally to grow.
“The U.S. still has an advantage, but it’s not as great as it was,” Patel said. “So I think that’s likely going to dampen the amount of expansion in the future. It’ll be a more paced investment.”
http://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/After-10-years-and-bankruptcy-filing-12311231.php
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Finding Joy in Florida
Searching the Past, Present, and In Between the Lines
Tag Archives: american history
In the pines of Florida, Christmas everlasting
Posted on December 25, 2013 by Joy Wallace Dickinson
The perpetual peace garden at Christmas, December 2013.
Way back during the Seminole Wars, a peaceful place in the Central Florida pines became Christmas, every day. Long-ago soldiers named it in 1837, but we owe its role as a North Pole of the South to the history and work of the Tucker family.
We know the story’s beginning thanks to Capt. Nathan S. Jarvis, a U.S. Army surgeon who kept a journal about his war adventures.
Capt. Jarvis arrived at St. Augustine by steamboat in June 1837 and, by mid-December, was with troops deep in the interior of Florida. They trudged past a deserted Seminole town, crossed the Econlockhatchee River, and on Dec. 25, reached a pine barren on what’s now Christmas Creek in east Orange County.
Fort Christmas Historical Park in east Orange County, Florida, includes a re-creation of the original 1837 structure.
The soldiers built a stockade made of upright 18-foot pine logs, sharpened at the top, and named the place Fort Christmas. In just a few days, most of the troops were ordered to move deeper into Florida, leaving the fort and the area largely deserted until about 1860, when John R.A. Tucker and his family settled nearby.
The only means of travel was by oxcart or on horseback, and the Tucker home became a stopping-place for travelers. After the community gained a post office in 1892, a member of the Tucker family was in charge for much of the next century.
In 1916, Lizzie Tucker got the job, taking over from her husband, Drew. In 1932, the mantel passed to their daughter-in-law Juanita, who stayed on the job for more than 40 years. Juanita Tucker was 101 when she died in 2008, then the oldest resident of Christmas and the one who had done the most to put it on the map.
Juanita Tucker at the Christmas, Florida, post office in the 1940s. (Florida State Archives)
“She got the community together. She was good at that,” her son Cecil A. Tucker II said after her death. “Anytime that people had a need, she would find some way or someone to help out.”
The old Christmas post office (the same building shown in the picture of Juanita Tucker at the window).
“The post office was always the one place people could count on to get information and help,” Juanita Tucker once said. “That’s what made it such a wonderful job. There were so many ways I was able to help people that had nothing to do with the post-office business.”
About 1937, the Tuckers moved postal headquarters to a one-story white-frame building with a small porch. When the highway through Christmas was widened to four lanes, that 1937 post office was moved from the south side of the road to the north side, where it still resides in a peace garden at Colonial Drive (S.R. 50) and Fort Christmas Road.
A mosaic at the peace garden in Christmas, Florida. It’s on State Road 50, about 20 miles east of Orlando.
Asked what he would most like folks to know about the community of Christmas, Cecil Tucker didn’t mention his family, often called “legendary” in Florida ranching lore. In a state where people consider themselves old-timers if they’ve been here since 1960, the Tuckers have a hundred years on them.
For him, his family’s legacy is all about the spirit of Christmas, in both global and local aspects.
“This community has a spirit of helping each other,” Tucker said. “If any place has the Christmas spirit, this is it.”
Christmas, and the Fort Christmas Historical Museum, is 20 miles east of Orlando, en route to Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, and Canaveral National Seashore in Titusville. See http://www.nbbd.com/godo/FortChristmas/
Posted in Florida History, Uncategorized Tagged american history, captain Nathan S. Jarvis, central florida, christmas, christmas florida, Florida history, Fort Christmas, John R.A. tucker, john tucker, joy dickinson, joy wallace dickinson, Old Florida, Real Florida, titusville, Vintage Florida Leave a comment
To Bedford Falls, with love
Piper Rae Patterson as radio actress Sally Applewhite in the Orlando Shakespeare Theater’s “It’s a Wonderful Life: A Live Radio Play.” (BroadwayWorld.com)
I haven’t watched the 1946 movie “It’s a Wonderful Life” for years. There’s a lot to do around the holidays and it’s more than two hours long – and, besides, the part where befuddled Uncle Billy (Thomas Mitchell) makes a big mistake and the frantic George Bailey calls him “a silly stupid old man” – that part always makes me sad.
Like Uncle Billy, I tend to lose things.
So I’m grateful to the Orlando Shakespeare Theater, and its production of “It’s a Wonderful Life: A Live Radio Play,” for reminding me of the essence of this story – of how one hard-working man, George Bailey, gets to see how life would have been different without him in Bedford Falls.
In this 1940s “radio play,” five skilled actors portray more than 40 different characters and bring us the essence of the story and of the time, just after World War II. The actress Suzanne O’Donnell, for example, gives voice to characters ranging from Violet, the bad girl of Bedford Falls, to Bailey’s little daughter Zuzu and to his mother, Ma Bailey, played in the movie by Beulah Bondi.
Bert (Ward Bond, left) and Ernie (Frank Faylen) in Frank Capra’s “It’s a Wonderful Life” (1946).
This “radio play” helped me see the story with fresh eyes and remember the characters, from mean Mr. Potter to the original Bert and Ernie, who serenade George and Mary Bailey on their wedding night with the old song “I love you truly.”
Capra-corn? My “sophisticated” younger self probably thought so. But there’s so much to this piece of true Americana and the history of our reactions to it. As the good Wikipedia article on the movie notes, a 1947 FBI memo even suggested that Capra represented “Communist” values and the movie “deliberately maligned the upper class” by “attempting to show the people who had money were mean and despicable characters.”
Thomas Mitchell as befuddled Uncle Billy. It’s all OK in the end.
Maybe this kind of popular movie is as close to a shared secular mythology as we Americans have – that is, a meaningful story in which audience members of varied ages know the characters and many lines and can experience meaning by watching or hearing it together.
We may know the outcome, but the story still moves us, brings its lessons home, including the thought that “no man is a failure who has friends.” And that includes Uncle Billy, too.
For more on the Orlando Shakespeare Theater, visit http://www.OrlandoShakes.org
Posted in American History, Uncategorized Tagged "It's a Wonderful Life", 1940s Americana, american history, central florida, Florida history, joy dickinson, joy wallace dickinson, Orlando Shakespeare Theater, Suzanne O'Donnell, Vintage Florida Leave a comment
A taste of Sweden in Sanford
Singers at the annual St. Lucia Festival in Sanford, Fla.
Folks who go to the annual St. Lucia Festival in Sanford have a chance to sample some Florida-pioneer culinary treats. (In 2013, it’s December 14; see sanfordstlucia.com.)
I’m not talking grits and gator nuggets – not this time.
Think Swedish coffee, pickled herring, and lingonberries. And glögg (a beverage), cabbage rolls, meatballs, brown beans, maybe something called Jansson’s temptation, a variety of cakes and cookies, and Swedish pickles.
A Swedish coffeepot. Thanks to Patty Sundberg, “From the Deep Quiet.”
Festival coordinator Teri Patterson once told me she is especially fond of the pickles. “You just can’t beat a breakfast buffet that includes Swedish pickles, Swedish coffee and a few Swedish cookies,” she said.
But Patterson’s heritage as the descendant of Swedish immigrants means a lot more to her than good eating. With fellow historians Charlie Carlson and Christine Kinlaw-Best, she has written several publications for the Sanford Historical Society on the area’s Swedish heritage, including “The Swedish History of Seminole County.”
“As far back as I can recall I always enjoyed listening to my family’s stories,” Patterson wrote.
“Many were collected and told so beautifully by my grand-aunt Olga Vihlen Hunter. “In each family there seems to be a person who gathers the facts about their ancestors. These facts remind us of their hardships and successes that have contributed to who we are today.”
New Upsala Presbyterian Church, 1902 (Sanford Museum)
Patterson’s great-grandfather came from Sweden to America and “settled among Swedes in the community of New Upsala,” now in Sanford.
“Over the years this Swedish community has mostly disappeared, . . . but a few remaining historical places remind us of their pioneering past,” she writes.
“These New Upsala Swedes played a major role in developing Central Florida’s great citrus industry.”
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged american history, joy dickinson, joy wallace dickinson, New Upsala, Old Florida, Sanford, St. Lucia Festival in Sanford, Swedish-American food, Swedish-American history, Teri Patterson Leave a comment
Pilgrims, schmilgrims
Posted on November 25, 2013 by Joy Wallace Dickinson
“The First Thanksgiving, 1621,” by J.L.G. Ferris. Library of Congress
I fret about this every year: As our commercial culture jumps from Halloween to Christmas, where is Thanksgiving? My favorite holiday seems in danger of disappearing.
I’m talking about American folklore—pilgrims, Squanto, corn pudding, pie, family and friends, gratitude for survival and for the harvest.
But, according to the dean of Florida historians, Michael Gannon, the first North American Thanksgiving actually took place in Florida, and that’s even more forgotten.
Pilgrims, schmilgrims. Our shores were home to a thanksgiving celebration in 1565, decades before the doings at Plymouth Colony in 1621.
The Grinch who stole Thanksgiving
Prof. Michael Gannon. Courtesy Tampa Bay Times
Gannon, now distinguished service professor emeritus of history at the University of Florida, wrote about Florida’s first thanksgiving in 1965, in his book “The Cross in the Sand.” He described the 1565 feast as “the first community act of religion and Thanksgiving in the first permanent European settlement in the land.”
Twenty years later, the good professor would be jokingly dubbed “the Grinch who stole Thanksgiving.”
A reporter called Gannon in search of a fresh angle for a holiday article, and the professor told him about Thanksgiving, Florida-style—how on Sept. 8, 1565, Spanish explorer Pedro Menendez de Aviles had joined in the celebration of a thanksgiving Mass in the St. Augustine area, followed by a meal at which the explorer’s men supped with local Indians.
On the menu: Garbanzos and seafood
Pedro Menendez de Aviles. Library of Congress
The Spaniards probably served their shipboard staples: salt pork, garbanzo beans, ship’s bread (or hardtack) and red wine. The natives would have supplied the good eating: seafood from our coastal waters, Gannon said.
After the interview and an Associated Press story, Gannon found himself besieged by talk-show hosts. Reaction was strongest in Massachusetts.
“You’ve caused a firestorm up here,” one interviewer told him, reporting that Plymouth’s town leaders were meeting about the Florida insurgency.
Now, things have calmed down. When reporters asked a few years ago about other claims to the first Thanksgiving (Texans and Virginians have theirs, too), officials at Plimouth Plantation in Plymouth, Mass., adopted a conciliatory tone. When it comes to original feasts of “American” thanksgiving, they also noted, the best claims belong to Native Americans.
Giving thanks at St. Augustine, 1565
By the way, Michael Gannon’s book “Florida: A Short History” is an indispensable introduction to the state’s past, as is his “History of Florida in 40 Minutes” (University Press of Florida, 2007). For a great article about Gannon, see Jeff Klinkenberg’s profile at TampaBay.com, http://www.tampabay.com/features/humaninterest/the-remarkable-michael-gannon-his-history-is-floridas-history/1098373
Posted in American History, Florida History, Joy's history Tagged american history, Florida history, joy dickinson, joy wallace dickinson, Menendez, Michael Gannon, Real Florida, St. Augustine, Vintage Florida 2 Comments
All-American Bird
If Ben Franklin had had his way, the turkey might be more than the centerpiece of America’s Thanksgiving menu – it might be our national bird as well.
Franklin thought the bald eagle was for the birds. At least that’s what he told his daughter Sarah.
“I wish the bald eagle had not been chosen as the representative of our country,” Franklin wrote in a humorous letter in 1784. “He is a bird of bad moral character.”
Eagles were too lazy to fish for themselves. They just loitered about on some dead tree until some hawk made a catch. “When that diligent bird has at length taken a fish . . . the bald eagle pursues him, and takes it from him,” Franklin wrote.
In contrast, Franklin found the turkey “a much more respectable bird” and “a true original native of America.”
Photo courtesy of the Florida State Archives, FloridaMemory.com
Thanks to historian Dana Ste.Claire of St. Augustine for telling me about Franklin’s view of turkeys several years ago.
Like Florida sometimes, turkeys don’t get much respect.
In a typical 1950s ad for a Florida attraction, Rainbow Springs, the noble bird even had to pose being carved underwater.
That’s a fine way to treat such a respectable piece of poultry, Franklin might say.
Posted in American History, Florida History, Joy's history Tagged 1950s, american history, bald eagle, ben franklin, Benjamin Franklin, florida, joy dickinson, joy wallace dickinson, Old Florida, rainbow springs, Real Florida, roadside attraction, thanksgiving, turkey, Vintage Florida Leave a comment
World’s Largest Pinup? Daytona’s Red Diving Girl
The most beautiful gal at Daytona doesn’t sport a bikini. And tattoos? Not for the Red Diving Girl, the nearly 20-foot icon that has adorned Stamie’s swimwear shop at 8 N. Ocean Ave. since the days when the Beatles were new.
A few years ago, I chatted with the shop’s founder, Stamie Kypreos, who grew up in Orlando, where her family moved from Greece when she was 7. (Mrs. Kypreos died in 2010 at the age of 97.) She had married her late husband, Theodore, also in Orlando in 1935. A dozen years later, wen Harry Truman was America’s president, Kypreos opened her shop on Ocean Avenue and began selling swimsuits to ladies and gents.
When I visited her a decade ago, Mrs. Kypreos was 89. She paused during our chat to ask a shopper how she was doing during a dressing-room session of trying on bathing suits. The suits were fine, the shopper replied; it was the body she was trying to fit into them that posed a problem.
How many thousands of times in more than 50 years must Kypreos have heard this kind of fretting. The pounds! The thighs! I’ll never look like . . . Betty Grable, Marilyn Monroe, Audrey Hepburn, Twiggy, Cindy Crawford, Halle Berry. . . . The beauty icons have changed, but the quest for the perfect bathing suit remains.
Kypreos took these cellulite dramas in stride. “I love my little place,” Kypreos said.
Diving into history
Outside the shop, which looks the same but was closed on the Sunday when I recently stopped by, the big gal in the red suit just keeps diving, suspended in a perpetual, graceful swoop. This incarnation of her, owned by the Jantzen company of Portland, Ore., is one of only six ever made; few survive. One of the statue’s sisters was once suspended from the ceiling of the American Advertising Museum in Portland, which I’m sad to see closed in 2004. The Red Diving Girl symbol has been around for decades longer; she holds a high place in the history of both advertising and sport. In her day, she was considered a glamour gal as groovy as Grable.
The company that became Jantzen didn’t start out to make bathing suits. John A. Zehntbauer and Carl C. Jantzen founded it in 1910 as the Portland Knitting Co., a business that made sweaters and woolen hosiery. The enterprise sidestroked into the swimwear business when members of the Portland Rowing Club asked it to produce a wool rib-knit rowing suit about 1913. In 1918 its name was changed to the Jantzen Knitting Mills.
Early bathing suits at Daytona Beach
Around that time, the pastime of sea bathing — jumping into waves while holding on to a rope attached to an offshore buoy — was being replaced by the sport of swimming. Women needed swimwear that wouldn’t slow them down.
By the early 1920s, Jantzen was in the market, touting its product with the slogan “the Suit that Changed Bathing to Swimming.” Soon, the company was ready for a national sales push, and husband-and-wife artists Frank and Florenz Clark went after an image to use in ads, according to Jantzen archivists.
The Jantzen swimsuit factory
Florenz Clark went to a Portland amateur athletic club, where she watched women divers training for the 1920 Olympics. Inspired by their grace, she and her husband came up with the image of a woman diver in a red Jantzen suit, soon christened the Red Diving Girl .
In a saucy suit resembling a long tank top, the Diving Girl became something of a craze. In 1922, Jantzen printed 10,000 Red Diving Girl stickers that were distributed in store displays, which people grabbed up to paste on the windshields of their cars. Massachu- setts banned the decals from auto windshields.
Pinups and beach parties
By the 1930s, billboards featuring the work of artist George Petty and others had transformed the Diving Girl into a long-legged, airbrushed dish. The “Petty Girl ” became a popular pinup in the 1930s and 1940s and is said to have been the first centerfold, in Esquire magazine. She didn’t have to worry about her weight, of course; she was an illustration.
In 1959, a mannequin company in Los Angeles transformed the Red Diving Girl , now in an elasticized strapless one-piece, into three dimensions and made six 191/2-foot fiberglass versions of her to be used on signs.
One of the six made its way to Miami and, in 1965, to a happy home at Stamie’s by the World’s Most Famous Beach. She has been there ever since, despite repairs from storm damage in 1980 and the day-to-day toll of humidity and salt air. Her once-white cap is now painted red to match her suit and dainty toenails. A girl must keep up with fashion, after all.
Posted in Florida History, Joy's history Tagged advertising, american history, beach fashion, daytona, daytona beach, diving girl, fashion, florida, jantzen, joy dickinson, joy wallace dickinson, Old Florida, portland, portland oregon, swimming, Vintage Florida Leave a comment
Magic Carpets Made of Steel
Posted on November 6, 2013 by Joy Wallace Dickinson
My family are railroad people, no strangers to the Orlando passenger station on Sligh Boulevard. After the traveler among us has climbed up into the train, we wave at the long windows sliding by, vanishing into the horizon. Sometimes we go there just to take photos.
Much has changed since the station debuted with a roaring big celebration back in the Roaring ’20s, but the old Spanish Mission station, designated a city landmark in 1977, has remained a working part of America’s railroad heritage, and its new role as a SunRail station has given it a brighter future.
When Atlantic Coast Line officials planned the station in the mid-1920s, they sent architect A.M. Griffin to California to study the Spanish missions in cities such as Santa Barbara and San Juan Capistrano. With its twin bell towers, arches, and tile roof, the station became the Atlantic Coast Line’s very Pacific Coast-style gift to Orlando. It survives as the sole Mission-style station in Florida.
Built at a cost of nearly $500,000, the depot opened in January 1927 with elaborate ceremonies brimming with railroad executives and Orlando dignitaries. The interior overflowed with potted palms and flowers. The Lions Club quartet sang, two bands played, and exuberant speakers hailed a “new era of progress and expansion.”
One of the station’s finest features remains the curved rendering of the word “Orlando” over the entrance facing the trains. It doesn’t hurt that the city’s name is pretty in itself. The folks who picked it back in 1857 must have known it had more marketing potential than its predecessors, Fort Gatlin and Jernigan.
I also love the colonnade of arches that extends out from the station. There our family would wait in the 1950s and ’60s for visitors from western Pennsylvania, our particular slice of up North. Among them were my Northern grandparents, Florence and George Dickinson, always decked out in their best: For her, hat (with silk flower), gloves, corset, suit, stockings, high-heeled pumps, serious purse and the little suitcase called a train case. Granddad wore a snappy fedora, starched dress shirt, double-breasted suit, pocket handkerchief, polished shoes.
Orlando’s Atlantic Coast Line station bustles in the 1930s. Courtesy of the Orange County Regional History Center.
You dressed for travel then. It was an occasion. And my Granddad Dickinson wouldn’t have traveled any other way except by train. He was an engineer for the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie line. Not too many years after he wore his double-breasted suit to visit Florida, he would depart this world at the throttle of his engine during heavy snow, the victim of a heart attack. His last act was to stop the train safely. The railroad gave my grandmother a gold watch to honor that.
Granddad would be happy to know that people are still traveling to Orlando by rail, on trains that bear names from his era – the Silver Meteor and the Silver Star – names that still trail a hint of adventure. And he would be happy about the survival of a station where thousands of travelers – old, young, rich, poor, black, white – have come and gone over the years, as they rode their father’s magic carpets made of steel.
Posted in Florida History, Joy's history Tagged american history, California, central florida, childhood, joy dickinson, magic carpet, Old Florida, Orlando history, Real Florida, train station, Vintage Florida 1 Comment
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Bringing tech to your laundry: Laundromap readies to list
By Meagan Evans. Published at Apr 18, 2019, in Start Your Engines
Laundromap, a tech-first, on-demand dry-cleaning and delivery service is shaking up the Australasian dry-cleaning and laundromat industry.
The company helps time-poor clientele via a smart phone app, picking up laundry directly from their home or workplace and dropping it off within 48 hours — clean, pressed and folded.
Its target customers are high-income earners who need and want their clothes laundered, yet struggle with the traditional system of dropping off and picking up their clothes from traditional “old-school” laundromats within their restricted opening hours.
It offers affordable pricing and lets customers select an available delivery time that suits them, while avoiding the hassle and traffic. Pick up times cater for busy professionals - typically available all week from 7am to 10pm.
The app is available on the Google Play store and the Apple Store.
The success of on demand food delivery services, like UberEats and Deliveroo, have successfully disrupted previously tech-static industries with smart apps and the sharing economy. Likewise, Laundromap is meeting an existing need with a game-changing upgrade in convenience and ease of access.
As pointed out by Chairman Rob Levison, the laundry and dry-cleaning sector remains one of the few industries yet to face a technology shake-up.
Launched in Perth and Auckland in 2017, by Sam Macdonald from Auckland's Foster Capital and Perth-based wealth manager Adam Plowman, the startup now operates through a mobile app in those cities plus Sydney, Wellington and Christchurch via a network of traditional retail businesses.
Its technology was obtained under licence from Britain's Laundrapp for exclusive use in Australia and New Zealand and Levison noted that the company will leverage the assets to make better use of them and make them more profitable.
The company also has the support of former All Black Dan Carter as one of its earliest investors, who is one of 70 investors today. Levison reposts that Carter put “cold, hard cash” into the operation and is working to help make the business more visible.
Laundromap is now in the process of expanding nationally by buying a selection of under-used dry-cleaning and laundry businesses in capital cities. It targets high-quality dry-cleaners in high-traffic, expensive areas, and then expand its reach through the customer experience.
The company last year bought a business in Sydney, as well as Perth’s oldest dry-cleaner as part of its expansion. This purchase gives Laundromap a second site in what it hopes will be a national network of dry-cleaners and laundries to support its on-demand business, with Laundromap believed to be in negotiations with further acquisition targets.
Laundromap aims to own between 20 to 30 large bricks and mortar laundry and dry-cleaning companies across Australia and New Zealand.
Management recognised an opportunity to improve productivity and make better use of their plant and machinery, as most of these businesses only operate 30-40% of the time, meaning any “extra volume is super profitable”. There’s no need for more plant and equipment, just need more hours of labour to run the machines.
The plan is to initially acquire a single business in each capital city, and then to tap into smaller cities and regions through an additional affiliate partnership model that will provide it access to a network of separately owned businesses.
The company had last year been eyeing an ASX listing but plans to list on the NZX late in the second quarter via a compliance listing, meaning it will list its existing securities without making a public offer.
Levison commented on the decision, saying "There are a lot of listings every week on the ASX but the NZX had the right size and scale."
Once listed, Laundromap aims to earn (EBITDA) of $3.0 million to $3.5 million and intends to pay ‘a modest dividend’.
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Baroness Deech Biography
Published 9th June 2020
Baroness Ruth Deech DBE is a British academic, lawyer, bioethicist and politician, most noted for chairing the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority from 1994 to 2002, and as the former Principal of St Anne’s College, Oxford. Ruth sits as a Crossbench peer in the House of Lords.
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Solicitor, Business Leader and Diversity Campaigner Funke is a multi-award-winning Solicitor, Business Leader and Diversity Campaigner with 18 years...
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HOW WE AGE
EVENING OUT
48˚ NORTH
Who is Cliff Doe?
In October 2003, a hunter found a human skull in the woods near Marion. Seventeen years later, it remains one of Flathead County’s only unidentified deaths.
Story by Justin Franz | Photos by Hunter D’Antuono
Everything he had with him the day he died fits inside a single cardboard box. Most of his possessions — a knife, sunglasses, a bottle of Aleve, a pipe, and a book — are shoved in brown paper bags from Rosauers that have been folded up inside the box for 17 years. Shelley Giebeig, a coroner and detective’s secretary with the Flathead County Sheriff’s Office, removes each bag and spreads out the contents on a conference room table, careful to not rip the disintegrating paperback pages or to fray the blue fanny pack that contained it.
“What’s this stuff?” asks a gruff detective poking his head inside the room.
“Its Cliff’s things,” Giebeig says.
“Cliff” is the nickname given by deputies and detectives to the man at the center of Flathead County Sheriff’s Office Case No. 200323911, one of the only cases of unidentified human remains in the county.
Giebeig first heard of Cliff about three years ago. As the detective’s secretary, she assists a number of officers with different investigations. Intrigued by the story of the unidentified man found at the bottom of a cliff, she typed the case number into the sheriff’s office database.
On Oct. 26, 2003, a husband and wife were hunting in a wooded area off Red Gate Road near Marion, about 30 miles west of Kalispell. The couple, Ed and Bonnie Peter, had been walking along the top of a cliff that morning when they stopped to take a drink of water. While gazing out at the mountains to the north, Ed looked down and saw a dilapidated bag. Inside the bag was a Smith & Wesson .22 caliber semi-automatic pistol. Ed told his wife it was weird that someone would leave a gun at the top of the cliff and hypothesized, jokingly, that the owner was probably at the bottom of the cliff. The couple decided to check it out, and at the base of the cliff, they found a water bottle, the tattered remains of a shoe and a human skull. They drove out to U.S. Highway 2 to get cell service and called 911.
Officers from the Flathead County Sheriff’s Office and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks arrived on the scene and launched a search of the area. Detectives combed the underbrush and found a number of packrat nests where rodents had stashed away other bone fragments and items. The rats had apparently scattered items connected to the body throughout the area; by the end of the day, the search team had gathered a butterfly knife, a small plastic Aleve bottle, a hand-held electronic poker game, a ragged fanny pack, coins, sunglasses, .22 caliber bullets and a marijuana pipe. During a subsequent search, authorities found additional bones — including what was believed to be ribs, a femur and pelvic bone — along with the remains of a book called “Phases of Gravity” by Dan Simmons, a novel first published in 1989 that chronicles the struggles of an astronaut on Earth after he walked on the moon.
The skull and the other bones were sent to the Montana State Crime Lab in Missoula. The skull was mostly intact, except for the jaw and a hole above the right ear. A report by the deputy state medical examiner was inconclusive on the cause of death, but stated, “Given the outward bevel at the edge of the defect in the right side of the cranium, on what would most likely be a concentric fracture, and the outward displacement of the section of cranium above the defect (i.e. the right parietal bone), the injuries are consistent with most likely having occurred due to a gunshot wound; however, blunt force injuries cannot be entirely excluded as a potential cause.”
Meanwhile, detectives looked for clues in the items found around the cliff. The newest coin among the two dimes, two quarters and one nickel was date-stamped 1990. The bottle of Aleve was likely produced between June 1994, when the pain reliever was first distributed, and January 1997 when Bayer took over for Procter & Gamble and changed the bottle. The Adidas shoes were manufactured in May 1995. The .22 caliber pistol, serial number UAD3815, was first produced by Smith & Wesson in 1987. Law enforcement determined that the gun had been sold to a Utah man in 1994. Detectives spoke to the man, who said that he had pawned the gun off sometime in 1994 or 1995 when he was going through a divorce. The man named two pawn shops he may have sold it to, and detectives spoke to managers of both, but neither had any record of the gun. Despite the lack of information surrounding the gun’s ownership after 1995, authorities decided that they had “no reason” to consider the previous owner was a suspect.
Taken together, the evidence suggests that the man died sometime between May 1995 and October 2002.
Not long after the discovery of the body, a man called the sheriff’s office to report that he had found an abandoned vehicle near Red Gate Road years earlier. The man recalled that the property owner had the vehicle towed to the county landfill. Authorities looked for records of the vehicle’s disposal but were unable to come up with additional information.
A year later, in November 2004, a Lincoln County man contacted law enforcement to report that one of his hired hands had gone missing in November 2000 and that it was possible the skull found near Marion belonged to him. Law enforcement later eliminated the missing Lincoln County man as a match.
Eventually, the number of leads dwindled, and the case of Cliff Doe went from open to cold.
“We did as much as we could but we just never had that missing person’s report to match up with it,” says Glen Fulton, the detective in charge of the case back in 2003. “Someone somewhere is missing someone but we just can’t connect the dots.”
Shelly Giebeig, a detective secretary at the Flathead County Sheriff’s Office, sits next to a stack of evidence and the case file for a man nicknamed “Cliff” on July 16, 2020. Cliffs remains were discovered in 2003 outside of Marion, and no one has uncovered his idenity to this day.Hunter D’Antuono | Flathead Beacon
Over the years, people like Giebeig, retired deputy and detective Nick Fister and students and researchers at the University of Montana’s Department of Anthropology have revisited the case. In 2004, students at UM produced a facial reconstruction that was later distributed to the public to see if anyone recognized him. At the time, authorities estimated that the man was between the ages of 21 and 36 and was 5’5” to 5’10” in height. Another analysis of the skull by UM students in 2018 estimated that the man was between the ages of 33 and 60 and was 5’5” to 6’2” in height.
In 2011, Fister, who was one of the first deputies on the scene back in 2003, returned to the cliff with a metal detector. During his visit, he found another rat’s nest near where the skull was originally located, and inside he discovered more bones and a sock. The bones were sent to the state crime lab, which determined that they were human. Fister says he went back because he knows someone is out there looking for the man and that there is an answer to all the unanswered questions, somewhere.
“The right clue is out there,” he says. “It’s just going to take time to find it.”
Perhaps no one has taken as much of an interest in the Cliff Doe case as Giebeig. In 2017, she updated all the case’s available information into a national database for missing people. Then in early 2018, Giebeig read that law enforcement had been able to use a genealogy website to track down the notorious Golden State Killer, a California man responsible for more than 50 rapes and at least 13 murders between 1973 and 1986. People submit DNA information (usually by spitting into a cup) to the website hoping to find family members, and while the site didn’t have the murderer’s DNA, it did have the genetic information of a family member. Authorities were able to narrow their suspects down to one family, providing the leads they needed to find 74-year-old Joseph James DeAngelo Jr. Giebeig reached out to the genealogy site, which directed her to the DNA Doe Project, a volunteer effort that uses genetic genealogy to identify John and Jane Does.
Jackie Jones is a volunteer with the DNA Doe Project. Jones is a civil engineer in Louisiana but spends her free time using genetic information to create family trees to help solve cold cases. Although the DNA work is a hobby, she says she sometimes treats it like a full-time job. Jones was part of the team that helped identify the “Belle in the Well,” a woman who was found strangled to death in a well in rural Ohio in 1981.
Volunteers like Jones take DNA from unidentified people and compare it to publicly available genetic databases, although not all are available for such work. Popular sites like Ancestry and 23andMe have restricted access to their databases by law enforcement or people trying to solve crimes, although the sites will not stop someone from taking their own DNA information and uploading it to a site like GEDmatch, which was used in the Golden State Killer case. When volunteers find a genetic match to a family member or distant relative, they start constructing a family tree. That process could involve combing the web and other archives for already established family trees, and perusing obituaries that list family members or other evidence.
“It’s like a big puzzle,” Jones says. “Genealogy is usually about building a family tree backwards, but we’re trying to build a family tree forwards… Sometimes we can figure it out in a couple hours or weeks, but other cases are a long slog.”
The case of Cliff Doe is turning into a long slog.
Presently, the closest genetic match Jones and her fellow volunteers have found for Cliff is someone approximately 70 centimorgans away. For laypeople, a centimorgan is a unit for measuring genetic linkage; the more centimorgans, the more likely someone is a direct relative. For example, there are 3,600 centimorgans between a child and a parent. Seventy centimorgans means there’s a 33 percent chance that the two people could be half third cousins. So far, Jones has been able to determine that Cliff was somehow related to a husband and wife born in Kentucky in the early 19th century. The man, born in about 1822, and the woman, born around 1817, had at least 10 children together and many more grandchildren and great grandchildren. Jones is working to identify the family lineage that connects Cliff with the Kentucky couple, but she admits it will likely take time, with many dead ends. Creating family trees can also be complicated by the fact that some offspring may not be documented, like those born out of wedlock.
“When you’re going that far back, you have to go through a lot of people to bring it back to today,” she says. “But there’s a thrill to doing this work. The thrill of solving it keeps you going. Even figuring out a new potential relative is exciting because it brings you a little closer to an answer.”
A cross marks the top of small cliff west of Marion off of Red Gate Road, near where a body of a man was discovered in 2003. The man remains unidentified to this day. Hunter D’Antuono | Flathead Beacon
Fister says he believes work by the DNA Doe Project combined with information from the many genetic databases will eventually help identity Cliff Doe.
“The right person is going to spit into a cup and send it into one of these ancestry websites, and we’ll suddenly get a match,” Fister says, although that might be an oversimplified version of how it could play out.
He says that if the case is solved in the coming years, it will have a lot to do with Giebeig’s efforts in updating the missing persons database and enlisting the help of the DNA Doe Project.
This July, Giebeig drove out to Red Gate Road and hiked to the spot where Cliff Doe was first found back in 2003. The cliff face is shaded by trees, and the underbrush is heavy. Giebeig says she believes people like her and Fister haven’t given up on the case because somewhere out there is a piece of evidence that will solve the mystery — something as simple as a faded driver’s license in the weeds or something as complex as a genetic connection.
“There could be all sorts of evidence out here, and I think that’s why people keep coming back to this case,” she says. “Who was he? Where did he come from? How did he die? There are just so many unanswered questions.”
Because of the lack of evidence, authorities have never been able to conclusively rule out homicide as the cause of death. It is also very possible that the man committed suicide, but, again, there is no definitive evidence.
Today, a small white cross sits at the top of the cliff where the man died. Ed Peter, the man who found Cliff Doe 17 years ago, put it there a year or two after the discovery. Peter says he did it because he thought the site should be marked, even if the man’s identity is shrouded in mystery. He says he still thinks about the discovery every now and then, particularly during hunting season.
“It baffles me that they haven’t figured out who this guy is,” he says. “But I guess if he was some sort of hitchhiker in a place where no one knows him that could happen.”
Giebeig says she thinks about the man often and even recently started to read the “Phases of Gravity,” the book that was found with him when he died, thinking that maybe it would reveal something about his personality or his mindset when he died.
It’s feasible that the man could be identified someday without ever figuring out how or why he died. Giebeig says she’s hopeful that people beyond Fister, Peter and herself are interested in giving Cliff Doe a real name.
“I’d really like to believe that there is someone out there still looking for him,” she says.
Justin Franz is a freelance writer, photographer and editor based in Whitefish. Originally from Maine, he is a graduate of the University of Montana’s School of Journalism and worked for the Flathead Beacon for nine years. His work has appeared in the Washington Post, Seattle Times and New York Times. Find him at justinfranz.com.
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Rubashkin freed from prison.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-trump-commutes-sentence-sholom-rubashkin/
https://www.justice.gov/file/1019776/download
watch celebration live at: www.770live.com
https://www.instagram.com/kolhaolam/
https://www.instagram.com/theyeshivaworld/
https://www.instagram.com/zisheytwersky/
https://www.instagram.com/cee_to_the_es/
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bc8a5eenRJI/
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bc9ovNTAvkw/?taken-by=matzav.com_thejewishworld
For the yiddish speaking crowd - http://www.ivelt.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=35782 (Many links to Dropbox/Google Drive with vidoes)
Kol Mevaser phone line 212-444-1100 (press 1-1-4 for interviews)
« Last edited by happinessNsunshine on December 25, 2017, 01:35:28 AM »
Pages: 1 ... 13 14 15 16 17 18 [19] 20 21 22 23 24 25 ... 65 Go Down
Author Topic: Rubashkin freed from prison. (Read 84510 times)
TimT
Re: Rubashkin freed from prison.
Quote from: ChaimMoskowitz on December 21, 2017, 12:32:51 PM
I will take a wild guess that is addressing the elephant in the room.
I’m sure their communities are rallying behind them & doing everything possible to free them.
First thing when I awoke was to check this thread just to make sure it wasn’t all a dream.
shaulyaakov
And what about the families on the other side of the Rubashkin fraud?
mgarfin
As I have never seen this story and keeps on coming up in feeds I'm sharing it here
http://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2017/08/a-federal-judge-put-hundreds-of-immigrants-behind-bars-while-her-husband-invested-in-private-prisons/
I'm not sure I understand.
This reminds me of the time Dan posted about the man who was saved from MH380 because he chose not to fly on Shabbos and people were angered that he should not be celebrating because of the other passengers who died on the flight.
You can celebrate your miracle and mourn another's loss. They don't contradict one another.
Quote from: shaulyaakov on December 21, 2017, 12:43:48 PM
You mean the people who were put out of a job because the Feds showed up with the third infantry and the first airborne division to the meat plant to round everyone up and destroy the company?
You mean the people who were put out of a job because the prosecutors purposely didn't allow any family members to buy AGRI?
Nobody forced anyone to hire hundreds of illegals and nobody forced him to take out a loan fraudulently to cover it up.
Obviously his sentence was crazy long but so are the sentences of literally THOUSANDS of people
hvaces42
Nobody forced anyone to hire hundreds of illegals Source?and nobody forced him to take out a loan fraudulently to cover it upSource.
Stop making up facts that never happened. He was exonerated on the immigrant hiring charges and he never took out a loan to cover up anything other than operating expenses. His crime was overstating income. His punishment was 1 year per million the bank the bank allegedly lost.
Fair warning - Any PMs sent in response to forum posts are fair game for ridicule in public.
Dawie
Location: KBLM
I'll post what an esteemed colleague of mine wrote to someone sharing your sentiments. Read it carefully: To the sadly misguided fellow Jew who just PM’d me to share his “profound disgust” at my sharing Facebook posts expressing “delight” in Shalom Mordechai Rubashkin’s wondrous release in the final (and most powerful) miraculous moments of Chanukah:
I am choosing to post a response publicly in the event that there are others thinking and feeling like you at this moment:
Nobody I know believes that “bank fraud is a Mitzvah,” and frankly your making blanket statements about “Hareidi Jews commonly justifying white collar crime by cloaking it in a Talit of frum-piety” is anti-Semitic (yes, a Jew who passes judgement on a wide swath of other Jews who might act or dress differently then them is also guilty of the same abhorrent form of racism).
To be sure, Sholom Mordechai Rubashkin is not a saint and has definitely made some serious mistakes along the way. He is not alone. We have all made mistakes in life. And yes, it’s also true that some people’s mistakes might be bigger than others.
Yet your gleeful willingness to brand him a nefarious convict, stands in sharp and shameful contrast to your self-identifying as “accepting and non-judgemental.”
To be so harshly critical of his errors, yet so accepting of others’ behaviour smacks of incredible (and may I add egregious) hypocrisy.
I wholeheartedly agree that none should be “above the law.” Defrauding financial institutions, cheating on income tax or illegally obtaining government funding is a crime. It is fair to say that those who break the law, deserve to be dealt with accordingly.
HOWEVER, a 27 year sentence for bank fraud cannot be justified. That was nothing less than a Dryfuseque display of horribly outrageous anti-Semitism in 21st century America.
The Frum community did not “broadcast tacit approval of criminality” it expressed a beautiful wave of solidarity with a Yid who was unjustly and harshly mistreated for the simple reason that he was (visibly) Jewish.
Quite frankly, to me it was painful (and in fact shocking) that the rest of Am Yisrael didn’t care and instead chose to conveniently look away for the past 8 long years...
The tsunami of joy that you are now seeing flood the web and social media is a remarkable outpouring of Torah-true solidarity and the sincere brotherhood and kinship that should always be felt amongst ALL Yidden.
You are presently witnessing the truest meaning of Ahavat Yisrael, as thousands delight and rejoice in the redemption of a fellow Yid who was unfairly treated just because he was Jewish.
Be inspired by it. Or at least wish you could feel it.
I am not ashamed to admit that I cried upon hearing the news. Not because Shalom Mordechai is my friend. I don’t really know him personally. But because, along with tens-of-thousands of others, I am privileged to feel a familial bond with a fellow Yid.
All I can say is that I wish you could feel it too...
If he was your terrestrial brother, you’d innately overlook his shortcomings and be happy for him tonight... that is the essential meaning of the Mitzvah of Ahavat Yisrael. Self-love blinds us to our own faults, love of our fellow should blind us to their faults as well!!
I pray that Hashem opens your heart and fills it with love... and may the beautiful Achdut Yisrael now sweeping the globe serve as the final catalyst for the arrival of our long awaited redemption through the righteous Moshiach, speedily and in our days, amen! Rabbi Mendel Kaplan
You are comparing career criminals to a first time white collar offender. Who close to you got a raw deal that you cant stand to see that this miracle happened? You sound like you have way too much at stake here.
another from Rabbi YY Schochet
Can you think of another case where 107 different justice personnel weighed in? Can you think as to why? Did you not celebrate when Jonathan Pollard was freed? Is this a case of double standards or just being ill-informed? Have a read: 107 former Justice officials think this case was handled unjustly. DOJ must act.
Philip B. Heymann is a former deputy attorney general under President Bill Clinton and assistant attorney general under President Jimmy Carter. He is the James Barr Ames professor of law emeritus at Harvard University Law School.
Last week, President Obama granted clemency to 153 individuals who had been incarcerated under mandatory minimum drug-sentencing laws, bringing to more than 1,100 the number of clemency petitions the administration has granted. “You don’t just try to hammer everybody for as long as you can, because you can,” Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates told the New York Times.
That is the right attitude for someone tasked with the fair administration of justice. Unfortunately, Yates and Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch have, for the past year, rebuffed efforts by me and many other former senior Justice Department officials to even discuss another prosecution in which justice fell far short: the case of Sholom Rubashkin, a Brooklyn-born rabbi who was sentenced to 27 years for bank fraud.
Rubashkin, a 57-year-old father of 10, has already served seven years for the crime, which ordinarily merits no more than three years. Worse, his sentence was based on perjured testimony and prosecutorial misconduct.
If even a few highly respected prosecutors think a particular case was handled unjustly, resulting in a vastly excessive sentence, the department’s representatives should be prepared at least to discuss the reasons. In Rubashkin’s case, 107 former Justice Department officials, including five former attorneys general, six former deputy attorneys general (myself included), two former FBI directors, 30 former federal judges and other leading jurists, have sought to meet with senior officials of the department we once served. The only response: a form letter from an assistant attorney general stating that no meeting could take place while Rubashkin was also pursuing his case in court.
Meanwhile, Kevin Techau, the U.S. attorney in Iowa (where Rubashkin was prosecuted), has suggested that Rubashkin used his financial resources to buy the support of so many prominent justice officials. Not only has Rubashkin lost everything he owned in this case, his wife and children now depend heavily on the support of their community for their needs. Moreover, all 107 of us are working on this pro bono. Among other things, former deputy attorneys general Larry Thompson, Charles Renfrew and I have traveled to distant meetings and volunteered considerable time to this matter, all on our own nickel.
The facts are clear: Rubashkin was vice president of Agriprocessors, a kosher meatpacking plant based in Postville, Iowa. In May 2008, more than 500 federal immigration agents raided the plant and arrested hundreds of undocumented workers. The raid resulted in the company declaring bankruptcy. Rubashkin was arrested a short time later and charged with bank fraud.
And this is where things went terribly wrong. The sentence for bank fraud depends on the amount of the loss to creditors. In this case, the prosecution deliberately increased the amount of the loss — and thus the length of Rubashkin’s sentence.
Independent assessors had valued Agriprocessors’ assets at $68 million. Yet evidence uncovered after the sentencing showed that prosecutors interfered in the bankruptcy proceedings, threatening nine prospective buyers of the business that the company’s assets would be seized by the government if any member of the Rubashkin family stayed active in the firm after the bankruptcy sale. No other relative has ever been charged by these prosecutors. Aaron Rubashkin, the founder and family patriarch, was critical to the company’s value. Brands such as Aaron’s Best were built on his name. He possessed the institutional knowledge and connections throughout the kosher meat-processing business. By effectively removing Aaron Rubashkin, prosecutors destroyed the company’s value.
All nine prospective investors — including one who offered $40 million — walked away from the sale. Agriprocessors then sold for $8.5 million, resulting in a huge loss to creditors and what is essentially a life sentence for Sholom Rubashkin.
In an effort to cover their tracks, prosecutors denied at Rubashkin’s sentencing that they had interfered in the bankruptcy-sale process. The prosecutors knew that the bank, the victim whose collateral was at stake, was upset with their interference. Legal counsel for the bank sent prosecutors a letter complaining about their actions. However, prosecutors failed to provide that letter as well as other evidence to Rubashkin’s defense team.
Instead, prosecutors offered testimony to support their claims that there was no interference with prospective buyers. But handwritten notes, recently discovered by Rubashkin’s attorneys, prove there was a meeting at which the prosecutors imposed their “No Rubashkins” edict. In determining the amount of the loss to creditors, the sentencing judge explicitly relied on this counsel’s false testimony. Prosecutors were present, but no prosecutor pointed out the falsity to the judge, who explicitly stated her reliance on it.
I am saddened by the unwillingness of the department’s senior leaders to even discuss the injustice that more than 100 of their predecessors and former judges find evident in the Rubashkin case. Experienced former prosecutors and career Justice Department officials view this case as a stain on an institution created to uphold the law. If the department’s leadership refuses to act, I hope President Obama pardons Rubashkin and ends this tragedy. The alternative is a display of either blind self-righteousness or frightened defensiveness that is inconsistent with the Justice Department we all have served and respected.
Quote from: Dawie on December 21, 2017, 12:56:32 PM
Quote from: hvaces42 on December 21, 2017, 12:56:59 PM
Are you honestly saying Rubashkin was less of a career criminal than someone who got caught with an oz of pot a couple of times, and maybe tried to sell it? Convicted or not, Rubashkin was running an operation with scores of labor and immigration problems for years.
I have literally nothing at stake but to point out a hypocrisy that I'm seeing that anyone who's a goy and was sentenced to life in prison is a "career criminal" but if its a Yid then its antisemitism. At least people should acknowledge that there is widespread problem in the judicial system and Rubashkin is one of many victim.
He literally became a family member to all of Klal Yisroel, an uncle to all yiddishe kinderlach.
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Carl Spackler
Major Domo
Originally posted by glutton4Bolts View Post
Welcome Old Salt. Nice thoughts... although I don't see how Morejon's stock would rise as an opener.?.? He was previously a top 50 prospect when it looked like he was a SP... if he isn't trusted to throw more than 2 innings at a time then I think his stock goes down as far as trade value is concerned... perhaps it goes up a bit in the short term for the Padres as we have a serious need in the BP.
I don't know what the strategy is with Morejon. Or Baez, for that matter. But I'm sure there is one. Perhaps they are being prepared as relievers? Openers? The evolving of all pitchers' roles, especially with the three batter minimum beginning next year, may be a factor..
Maybe they are sitting down with these guys after each outing and analyzing pitch-by-pitch. Mechanics. Pitch shapes and angles. It could be that granular, I don't know. To my mind, Morejon has it all. They spent $22 million to sign him ... turning him into a reliever at age 20 doesn't seem a good return on investment. Therefore I think this is the development version of training wheels.
The real crunch comes next year when the rest of the J2 2016 class become eligible.
glutton4Bolts
Are curses real?
Originally posted by Carl Spackler View Post
Maybe it just has to do with the talent set to graduate soon and just trying to find spots for them all? The FO just got done signing two mega-contracts... I don't see them spending much more. As such, in order to compete... we are going to have to make the most of every P prospect we have. Morejon could come up as a RP and then eventually make the rotation... and I hope that is the case... because I agree with you... Morejon could be a TOR kind of SP.
glutton for punishment...... glutton4Bolts
OldSaltUSNR
if he isn't trusted to throw more than 2 innings at a time then I think his stock goes down as far as trade value is concerned...
Not so much about trust, as about gaining the MLB experience. The BP innings in 2018 arguably made Strahm a better pitcher for 2019, than if he had those same innings in AA or AAA. Moving starting prospects from the minors to the MLB bullpen doesn't (necessarily) mean that the Padres have given up on the guy has a starter.
The Padres have so many prospects, I have a tough time believing that the Padres would stick with a guy (e.g. Morejon) who for whatever reasons, isn't performing to the role they expected (e.g. TOR starter) when they paid him a signing bonus. Converting them to (possibly) high leverage relievers isn't a sunk cost, but a reclamation of value. The Padres motto has been "the players will let us know when they're ready by their performance".
Then again, Bryan Mitchell. :-(
So, I dunno ...
FriarTom
Ran into a guy at the store today and he saw me wearing my Padres cap. He talked about how disappointed he was the Padres weren't making the necessary moves to win the world series this year, and how "whoever's calling the shots" needs to be fired. Then he spent thirty seemingly endless seconds complaining about how the Padres ownership is too cheap and how we're never going to win anything. I mentioned the fact the team is currently ahead of schedule in a full-on youth movement and he said "I've heard that before...none of our prospects ever pan out..."
Then he said we should have fired Bud Black a long time ago.
My GF wonders why I continue to post on this forum when there's only like 10 active members. That's why. Unfortunately, the typical Padres fan I run into on a day-to-day basis is a front-running ignoramus.
Madness is the exception in individuals, but the rule in groups.
Originally posted by FriarTom View Post
My GF wonders why I continue to post on this forum when there's only like 10 active members.
Well, there's at least 11 active members now ... ;-)
Yep, good forum, knowledgeable baseball fans at his place.
Originally posted by OldSaltUSNR View Post
This forum is the fastest and easiest way to stay current w/ all Padre/Baseball related info/analysis. There are several key members within the handful of regulars that go above and beyond. I definitely appreciate it.
Twitter has about a dozen guys who are really good, too. But the majority of Padres Twitter is represented by a bunch of knuckleheads.
Sorry about no Minor League Report today. Busy day that started very early.
Tonight's Pitchers: Bryan Mitchell (EP), Nick Margevicius (Ama), Osvaldo Hernandez (LE), Ryan Weathers (FW), Connor Lehmann (TC).
Carlos Belen from FW to Amarillo.
Cullen Dana from Tri City to FW.
Oh, I think we can do "knucklehead", too, Spack. Just give us the chance - don't sell us short! ;-)
When do you think they'll promote CJ Abrams, and to where? I was looking around at the minor league rosters the other day, and it seems like keeping Urias at AAA as SS is holding back all (most) of the infield promotions. Owen Miller is certainly capable of playing at AAA. Cordoba and Edwards need to go up to AA to develop. They just promoted Ethan Skender. It's a crowded roster. Seems like Urias must move up to the majors to clear roster space for other good, developing SS prospects (even if they also would probably end up as SS or a utility infielder on the current club, or of course "trade chip"!!). I'd like to see what Abrams, Cordoba, and Edwards could do with a promotion. The minor league season is shoot, maybe six weeks left. That's not a lot of time. I'm not ragging on the Padres for keeping Kinsler/Garcia at 2B the first half of the season, but keeping Urias at AAA seems to be retarding the development of a half dozen players, at this point.
We're still not sure what the logic is behind keeping Urias down. There have been rumors and lots of speculation, but nothing concrete that I've seen. It may well be that Urias being stuck in El Paso is clogging the artery, but I would point out Edwards just got promoted to LE about a week ago. I don't know that you can say he's been held back.
Regarding Owen Miller, since being drafted a year ago he's climbed from rookie league to double-A where he's played 87 games, so I don't think we can say he's being stalled by Urias either. Tatis played 100 games at San Antonio between 2017-2018, and might have spent the whole season there last year if he hadn't had the thumb injury.
Lots of stuff here, OS. BTW, you must be the same guy posting at MLB's site before they shut down comments.
Anyway, there is a chain here, but it isn't always determined by one guy. I've often said that development isn't linear, and it isn't always determined by numbers. I'll take these one at a time. 1) Abrams? Probably to Tri City sometime in early August. 2) Miller will stay at Amarillo to the end. They're in the Texas League playoffs. 3) It is possible that Cordoba is moved up, perhaps for the TL playoffs. He's been Lake Elsinore's best player for the last six weeks. 4) Edwards will stay at LE till the end. 5) Ethan Skender is a wonderful story. Drafted in 2016. Missed two full seasons with leg injuries. 6) Urias? Who knows? I have no earthly clue what's happening there.
Good sign. Ryan Weathers is cruising tonight. Leading 6-1. Pitching his best game since April. Sitting 92.
BTW, you must be the same guy posting at MLB's site before they shut down comments.
You know what they say, "bad penny" and all. ;-)
The only thing about Cordoba is that he's kind of a "use him or lose him" situation. The Padres gave a rule-5 year of pro MLB ball, and now that he's finally looking like he might belong, he goes 6-year minor league free agent (or is it rule 5? not sure), and gone. Pretty much agree with the rest, i.e. makes sense.
Regarding Urias, he's still pretty young (just turned 22). If the Padres think he'll be a better major leaguer by spending this year at AAA learning a few more things, who could really question that decision. Andy Green has said several times that their development criteria is not just about stats.
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Sun OCT 13 @ 5:00pm
Slaid Cleaves. Grew up in Maine. Lives in Texas. Writes songs. Makes records. Travels around. Tries to be good.
“I tend to think of songs as the whiskey of writing. Distilled down to the essence, powerful, concentrated, immediate. You can take it all in and really feel it in just seconds.” — SLAID CLEAVES
The characters in Slaid Cleaves’ songs live in unglamorous reality. They work dead-end jobs, they run out of money, they grow old, they hold on to each other (or not), and they die. With an eye for the beauty in everyday life, he tells their stories, bringing a bit of empathy to their uncaring world.
On “Take Home Pay,” co-written with longtime friend Rod Picott, Cleaves sings from the perspective of an aging manual laborer, fighting looming regret and sadness with stubborn resiliency (and opioid use).
“On my way down to the pawn shop
A couple hundred is all I need
If I have to, I’ll hit the blood bank
I’m bone dry but I can always bleed
I got some Oxy to keep me moving
It slowly takes some things away
The only thing I was scared of losing
She packed up and left today”
— “TAKE HOME PAY”
“As befits the times we live in, there’s a heavy dose of disappointment and disillusion here,” he says. But somehow, through the worst of it, optimism remains, as if to say, “Yeah, things are pretty bad out there. But there’s still some good stuff if you know where to look.”
One place his characters find solace is with each other. Traditional love songs are not often found on a Slaid Cleaves record. Here he approaches the subject less as a romantic gesture, and more as a world-weary appreciation of the one who’s seen you through thick and thin, as in the song “So Good to Me.”
“Times were tough but we were tougher
Slings and arrows we did suffer
Scars, we’ve got a few, but who has not
Words of love and words of anger
Times of peace and times of danger
Never take for granted what we’ve got”
— “SO GOOD TO ME”
Described as “terse, clear and heartfelt” (NPR Fresh Air), his songs speak to timeless truths. “I’m not an innovator. I’m more of a keeper of the flame,” he says.
KINOBE + WAMU SPIRIT
Sat OCT 12 @ 8:00pm
Thur OCT 17 @ 7:30pm
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Information technology as snake oil
Technicalities
By Patrick Marshall
One has to be cautious when adopting new technologies. In the 1990s, for example, many people were bilked by a company selling machines that shot radio waves into the human body, supposedly to cure a host of diseases.
The Food and Drug Administration eventually ordered the company to stop selling the machines, but a number of the devices are still in use.
But who is to protect the public from bogus IT products? We had to wonder when we received a press release from a California-based company for a revolutionary hiring tool ' software that analyzes handwriting of job applicants to determine, the seller promises, 'hundreds of hidden personality traits, most of which have never been available to employers prior to hiring.'
The thing about this product is that there is no product. You're supposed to ask job applicants to copy two paragraphs into a form and then fax it to the company for analysis. So the seller doesn't even have to put out any money for equipment. All it takes is a fax line and a promise of sophisticated software analysis.
'Imagine the benefit of knowing, with 95 percent accuracy, that the candidate a client is about to make an offer to is argumentative, dishonest, moody and inflexible,' the press release states. 'We can even tell clients if the candidate is violent. No other hiring tool or other personality assessment even comes close to our accuracy and insight.'
Imagine your relief when you discover that the job candidate with a sterling r'sum', great interview skills and glowing references from people you trust turns out to have moody and violent handwriting. You wouldn't want to take a chance on that.
Although the courts have accepted handwriting analysts as relatively reliable at determining whether a specimen of handwriting was produced by a certain person, there has been no solid evidence that such analysis can reliably reveal personality traits.
There is one body that provides some protection ' the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Bogus products sometimes receive patents, but it's worth checking whether a suspect product has USPTO's stamp of approval. For what it's worth, we could find no mention of a patent having been awarded to this product.
And if you feel a product is bogus, you can contact the Federal Trade Commission.
We contacted the handwriting analysis company to ask whether there were any scientific studies backing up their claim about the accuracy of their personality assessments.
We have not received a reply.
Patrick Marshall is a freelance technology writer for GCN.
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Amazon and the art of writing: interview with author and literary agent Mary C. Moore
Ivan Rodriguez Companies, Interviews, Technology 06/22/2015 4 Minutes
Both Amazon and Apple have made recent announcements that have resonated across the literary and music industries (even though Apple has already made a royalties policy U-turn after a controversial open letter from Taylor Swift).
We live in a society where technology allows consumers to access creative content easier and faster than ever, so I wanted to better understand how some of these decisions (like Amazon’s new pay-per-page policy) affect the industry at its core. Below, you can read an interview with Mary C. Moore, author and literary agent.
Amazon recently announced a new payment policy for self-publishing authors where they’ll basically get paid for each page of their book that people actually read. Amazon claims that they received great feedback from authors, so how do you think this will affect the industry?
Well, this is speculation and opinions on this strategy vary wildly across the board. As the way it stands now, the largest impact is going to be on the self-publishing authors who publish exclusively through Amazon. Beyond that, the effects will probably be felt on writing trends. A pay-per-page system skews in favor of high-paced, tension-filled, cliff-hanging writing that makes the reader continue to turn the page rather than some of the more subtle and nuanced books that perhaps favor lovely writing, or a surreal storyline, or something more abstract.
This system is going to pull in writers who lean towards sharp writing and basic, formulaic story-telling and push out the more avant-garde and artistic. And readers will be trained along the way to expect these types of action books, just as we were trained to accept lots of explosions and fire and not much dialogue or depth with Hollywood movies. Although I am a fan of a good page-turner and believe that is an art as well, I do think we as a society lose something if we lose our more literary artists. You already see how empty and hollow and shallow most Hollywood releases feel these days, and how they’re consistently redoing old successful movies because they seem to have lost the ability to come up with anything new.
Do you think this will impact in any way publishers? Do you expect the number of only available-online books to change because of policies like Amazon’s?
It really depends on how successful the venture is. Publishers are notoriously slow to adapt new technologies and publishing platforms. It’s not until something has proven to be successful that they jump on board, and even then it’s usually too late or poorly executed. Ironically, their slowness may be the thing that is saving our more literary-type publications and imprints, as those artists know the possibility exists for a solid publishing deal, even if they are writing something that doesn’t have mass-market appeal the way trade paperbacks and self-published novels need to have.
Stepping back a bit, why do you think Amazon is introducing this new policy in the first place? Was there an actual problem to correct?
I believe Amazon is introducing this policy because of the way they pay their authors on their KDP Select platform. For those who are unaware of what KDP Select is, the KDP select self-publishing option is one that authors can publish their books through Amazon, and the books will be made available for free “borrowing” to Amazon Prime members. In return Amazon has a “pot” of money that they pay their authors for each Amazon Prime download. Although this sounds appealing, get your book out there for free and be paid, the downside of this program is that it plays into Amazon predatory business practice by requiring any participating authors to publish exclusively with Amazon, meaning their book cannot be available anywhere else.
Now Amazon wants to pay those same authors “per page” instead of “per borrow,” which basically translates to, they don’t want to shell out the money to authors whose books are getting snapped up by Prime users who are just downloading a bunch of books because they are free. So financially, for Amazon it makes sense, for authors, it’s just another way that their earning opportunities are getting whittled down.
Recently, we have seen tech companies doing big changes in regards to how much/when should they pay authors/artists for their work. Seeing how Taylor Swift’s letter helped singers with a battle against Apple Music, does the book industry have such a strong voice to stand against abuses?
Most authors, publishers, and bookstores have been railing against Amazon pretty much since its inception. The most well-known example is the open letter signed by 900 authors including Stephen King, John Grisham, Junot Diaz, and Barbara Kingsolver. Unfortunately, this brings us back to the slow-to-adapt publishing industry, which Amazon is taking advantage of.
Currently a book, once it has been contracted by a publisher, may not make it to the shelves for another two years, and that’s not including the time it took to submit and lock down a literary agent, and the time the literary agent took to sell it to a publishers, so an author is looking at 3+ years before their book is on the shelf. But with self-publishing your book could be up with 3 days. Traditional publishers have a lot of overhang expenses, from warehouses to printers to shipping to return policies, throw in book designers, editors, marketing, and their royalties to authors are small 5-25% vs self-publishing which can be up to 80% royalties.
Thus tech companies can swoop in and make dazzling promises to debut authors that publishers can’t and these authors give up a lot of their artistic rights without realizing it. And many are so desperate that they end up giving away their content for free, which further bloats the belly of the beast. I will point out though, there have been quite a few savvy authors who have made killing on Amazon and that was the best option for them, but for every self-publishing success story, there are hundreds-thousands of authors who have been cut down. So the battle rages on between the publishers and Amazon, and the authors are stuck in the middle.
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The 5 Most Important Video Games of My Life
This is an extremely important post to me. This isn’t just a baring of my opinions, reviewing things for their deserved merits. This is something far more personal. These are the video games that spoke to me as a child, the titles that, in most cases, helped forge the person I am today. I don’t write these words loosely. I mean them. And though they may not be the best games ever, or even the best game in their respective series, these games mean more to me than any others.
5. Uncharted: Drake’s Fortune (PS3)
This is, comparatively, an odd choice for the list, I’ll admit. I don’t believe the first Uncharted game was the greatest of the 3 PS3 titles, no, but it marked a distinct change in my perception of what it meant to be a video game. I remember not wanting to even give this game a try, prior to its release, because it looked so much like a movie. That’s an odd sentiment, sure, but for someone raised on games like Ratchet & Clank, Pokémon, Jak and Daxter, Sonic the Hedgehog – all games that lean on their cartoonish charms – I was wary of this seventh generation game which looked so incredibly realistic for its time. I worried about a future of gaming that relied so heavily on advancing graphics and photo-realism that we’d lose sight of the fun games of previous generations. Funny enough, it was my youngest brother who chose to get the game.
When I finally started playing the game it opened my eyes to the possibility and power of telling movie-like stories through the lens of a video game. I knew this wasn’t the first game of its kind to go treasure hunting through strange forests and terrains, nor was it the first game to tell a good proper story through the medium. But it took storytelling on the platform to a whole new level. The subsequent titles in the series, as well as other Naughty Dog games like The Last of Us, have further pushed the boundaries of telling a tale through the medium, but I will always remember it as the first game to truly open my eyes to this style of storytelling, as well as the burgeoning powers of the seventh generation games.
4. Pokémon: Gold Version (GBC)
Another strange title. But this game holds some of my best memories as an early gamer. I remember accidentally buying the game a week prior to its release at Best Buy, as they had the game on display. My father coerced the guy behind the counter to let me get the game early, because they mistakenly put it on display so early. Anyway, besides being the coolest kid in school for a week (until everyone else bought Silver Version and I was majorly left out), it’s a solid sequel to the original Pokémon games.
It’s also the first time I can honestly say I was addicted to a game. The experience was wholly new to me. Not that I hadn’t played other games much, even other Pokémon games for that matter, but this did such an extraordinary job of feeling like an entirely new experience (considering the fact that every Pokémon game is essentially the same). Much of my youth was spent playing handheld games, from the Game Boy Color to the PSP. Since then, all my handheld attention has been on my mobile devices. But my best memories from handheld gaming still stem from Gold Version. And I’ve never lost my hope of becoming a real-life Pokémon master.
3. The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion (PS3)
Perhaps the greatest fantasy RPG series of all time, The Elder Scrolls pushes its way high on my list with Oblivion, the fourth game in the franchise. With Oblivion truly came my love for the fantasy genre as a whole. It wasn’t my first outing with fantasy games, but it’s definitely the reason I get so hooked on world building and adventure in fantasy novels today. Sure, The Lord of the Rings trilogy was my gateway title to fantasy, but with Oblivion I was gifted the opportunity to actually explore a world all by myself. I relished each turn of a corner and locked cell in a dungeon. I left no stone unturned, and could so easily get lost playing for hours at a time.
I’ve only recently been in a position where I could start enjoying D&D with friends, and didn’t really have that experience in my formative years with tabletop gaming. I didn’t even know I wanted to play something like Dungeons & Dragons. Oblivion was my answer to that unknown urge. Even its sequel, Skyrim, captured that very same magic – of exploration, adventure, and wonder – that Oblivion introduced me to. And I’ll always look favorably upon it.
2. World of Warcraft (Mac)
I can gladly say that I’ve been sober for over 5 years, and the urges to go add a few more days worth of playtime to my character are long behind me. But a day doesn’t go by, when thinking about video games, that I don’t want to return to the world of Azeroth, complete a few more quests, and waste my time collecting meaningless nothings and stronger gear. When World of Warcraft first arrived onto the MMORPG scene I was 13 years old, and my best friend used to come over my house for sleepovers and we would play nonstop (until my dad kicked us out so we could go run around the block, or whatever kids at the age of 13 did). We would set our alarms (like madmen) to go off at 5 o’clock in the morning so that we could get a head start on our leveling up for the day. More often than not, we’d just waste all of our time jumping around and running away from monsters.
It wasn’t until I was older that I realized quests would actually help the leveling process move along much quicker than not. Oh well. Still had a heck of a lot of fun. For a good portion of my life it became my primary means of escape from the mundanity of school and life in general. Which was a good thing, in retrospect, because I could have picked up far worse habits than I did. Besides the fact that the game was and is probably the most fun I’ve ever had in a game, I can easily say its one of the best games of all time. Blizzard crafted something truly timeless with WoW.
1. Kingdom Hearts (PS2)
Kingdom Hearts. Where do I begin? I was 10 when this came out in 2002. For me it came at a time where, from an elementary kid’s point of view, it was no longer cool or age appropriate to be entertained by Disney films. And at it’s core Kingdom Hearts is the unlikely merger of Final Fantasy characters mixed in with Disney worlds and characters. At that level alone, the game taught me that there is no need to outgrow such stories; that there is an undefinable depth to be found within every single tale. It also introduced me to Final Fantasy games, as the characters from those games are sprinkled throughout. This was magic at my fingertips. A game has never captured me like this game had.
But more important was the underlying story that threaded throughout all the Disney worlds you visited, as you played the character of young Sora. Through his eyes you witness unspeakable evils, but you also experience some of the most thought provoking and emotionally moving storytelling a young kid like I was able to experience at the time. I know Kingdom Hearts isn’t known for its cohesive storytelling, because on a logical level the game makes zero sense, and occasionally it makes even less sense as the series progresses. But on an emotional level, Sora’s plight reached me to the point where I was convinced it must have been the greatest story ever told on the medium. And really, what it boils down to, is that this kid is looking for his two friends who were seperated as their world was torn apart. One of his friends, Kairi, was the girl you know he cares for more than anything, but never actually admits to – and that’s something I could relate to. His other friend, Riku, is also looking for Kairi, but gets corrupted by the power of the Heartless.
It was the culmination of my youth, and ultimately it was probably the most formative entry for me on this list. It taught me how to keep friends, as well as what friendship meant, even if that meant it wasn’t reciprocated. It taught me to have fun, and to hold onto my youthful naivety, but it also taught me that I needed to take charge, and grow up when the times called for it. I know this isn’t the greatest game of all time, or anywhere near that accolade. But that’s where I hold it. Kingdom Hearts is the most important game I’ve ever played. Whenever I hear Yoko Shimomura’s soundtrack play, perhaps the most emotionally charged music in video game history, I’m taken back to when I was a kid, crying tears of shock as the credits rolled because I didn’t know games could tug on my emotions in such a way. In a word, it has more heart than any game I’ve played since, and due to nostalgia alone I doubt that opinion will ever change for me.
It’s also the first game I ever beat 100% of the way through (except for that fight with Sephiroth, ’cause that was bonkers).
I hope you enjoyed my list. If you did, please like and/or share! It was hard to whittle them down to just 5. But I’m confident these are the games that shaped me most throughout the years. I’d like to know your top 5. Again, not your favorite games ever. Which 5 games are the most important to you?
April 17, 2016 April 18, 2016 GeekritiqueGames, Kingdom Hearts, Oblivion, Pokemon, The Elder Scrolls, Uncharted, Video Games, Videogames, World of Warcraft
31 thoughts on “The 5 Most Important Video Games of My Life”
I have so much love for Kingdom Hearts ❤
pitifulprophet says:
Varied choice of games, not the usual top five material. I’ve always felt bad for not finished Kingdom Hearts back in the day (Ahhh freshman year…) now if only I could get past that Agrabah sand boss!
londongaymer says:
I’d have to say, in order of games that have meant a great deal to me…
5. Grim Fandango
4. Command & Conquer series
3. Final Fantasy 8
2. Counter Strike
1. World of Warcraft
T Martin says:
I can’t think of a top five, but I know my number one: Ocarina of TIme.
It took me ten years on-and-off to beat this thing. There are still many games from my childhood that I haven’t beaten yet, mostly JRPGs, but Ocarina is one that I kept going back to. It introduced me to what it’s like to be an adventurer, with all the joys and genuine terrors along the way. Part of its appeal to me, which I didn’t consciously realize as a kid, is how it’s a modern myth like Star Wars and Lord of the Rings — the types of stories we’ve been passing down since Homer. Its storytelling and N64 graphics are more simplistic than subsequent Zelda titles, but its simplicity somehow makes it all the more beautiful and childlike. It encapsulates what a video game should be as escapism and what it could be as a myth-making tool, and nothing else can make me feel like a kid again quite as much as this.
Geekritique says:
Beautiful response. Thank you. Ten years is crazy though haha!
Dro says:
I keep hearing awesome things about Elder Scrolls. I need to check it out.
Closet Senpai says:
I think I still have the box from when I bought Morrowind years and years ago haha. It was seriously an amazing game and it still is today.
destellspeaks says:
Excellent post! I definitely can relate to the love of Pokemon and Kingdom Hearts.. I’d have to say my favorites are Kingdom Hearts 2, Pokemon Silver, Zelda:Links Awakening, Super Mario Bro’s Delux, and Crash Team Racing
Love those choices. Also love KH2!
Kyle Wayne says:
Nice! My top 5 most important video games are pretty similar.
Pokemon Yellow
Mario All Stars
thegamingbear says:
Cheers I like to think I have quite a varied game tastes and enjoy a vast array of different experiences
Sonic The Hedgehog (Sega Megadrive) – first game I ever played
Ocarina of Time (N64) – first game that truly absorbed me, where I felt I was in Hyrule being Link
The Movies (PC) countless hours wasted creating terrible movies – worth every second
Football Manager (2007) addictive – had a network game with a friend that spanned over several real years
Walking Dead – really pulled at the heart strings and made me think
Could of included so many other games to for different reasons!
I like these choices. Wide ranging and I can understand why they’d stand out for you!
opalflame says:
Age of Empires (PC) – first game I ever played – got me hooked on gaming.
God of War [all] (PS3) – great decompressor for those shitty days.
Need for Speed (PC) – great childhood game
Assassins Creed 2 (PS3) – Initial open world game – blew my mind!
Thief (PS4) – Feeding stealth needs after post AC IV
Great choices. Age of Empire! Taking me back.
SnapperTrx says:
I will list only three games:
1. Metroid: When the NES first came out (yes, I am that old) it was the quick shots of Metroid on the TV that got me interested in gaming. Something about it just stood out. In fact, I still remember the first time I ever played Metroid after my uncle had purchased an NES and brought it over to my grandpas house. I must have played for 10 hours straight. Years later I had honed my Metroid skills to such a degree that I could easily burn through the game from start to finish in well under the 3 hours needed to get the best ending. To this day it is still one of my favorite franchises, and one of my favorite games to play in the dark.
2. Dragon Quest: Known as Dragon Warrior back then, this was another of the first games that my uncle bought for his NES and my first real experience playing an RPG. Without it I don’t think I would be into RPG’s as much as I am now. Certainly not a graphical powerhouse, it was an awesome game for a young nerdy kid to get into.
3. Last, but certainly not least – Final Fantasy: I remember the day well. I had gone with my parents to the local video rental store to get a movie for the night when I saw it. There, hanging from the rack of rental games was Final Fantasy. I had never heard of it before, but decided to rent it and check it out. From that day forward I was a fan. It was kind of like Dragon Warrior, but so much better! The opening scene, which happened AFTER you spent a good hour fighting what seemed like a boss, was epic! I have followed the series with much affection, even to this day, and have many, many great memories of hanging out with friends playing FF4 in multiplayer mode, hunting down SNES carts and being blown away by the unmatched story of FF6. It has been a large part of my life and I am a total fanboy. In fact, I have a drafted post about the series I hope to get up later this week, on it’s place in my life and where the series seems to be headed (it isn’t good…).
I can agree on Kingdom Hearts, which I also have a story about (an angry story!). Epic game, great control, confusing story, tons of fun!
Thanks so much for the comment. I love the choices. Especially the latter. I’ve only played a handful of the FF franchise, but I only have good memories.
velociraptor256 says:
My top 5 would be Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (PS2), Rome: Total War (PC), Tarzan (PS1 – the first game I played on the PlayStation), Titanic: Adventure out of Time (PC) and Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis (PC), with Pokémon Gold getting an honourable mention.
You’re the third to list Pokémon Gold! Woot! Good choices.
mffanrodders says:
I’ve never been much of a gamer, but my top five are;
X-Wing vs Tie Fighter.
Half life was my favourite.
Half Life is great.
ishallakam says:
Realmz (Mac) – Probably the first RPG I played, and it steered me toward the genre when I started playing on consoles.
Civilization (Mac) – My introduction to strategy games. I still get the desire to go back and play Civ II (my personal favorite in the series), but this game got me started.
Final Fantasy VIII (PSX) – One of the first console games I ever played, and my introduction to JRPGs. It’s still my favorite Final Fantasy.
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (Arcade) – My dad used to take me and my brother to the arcade on Saturday’s, and this game was always where we spent the majority of our time. I think it was also one of the first video games I ever beat (though 3 other people were playing it at the same time).
Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (Genesis) – My best friend and I used to have sleepovers just to play against each other. We’d spend hours in the casino zone trying to rack up as many rings as we could in the slot machine. I’m pretty introverted, and mostly play single player games, this was the exception.
Thanks for your comment. Great choices.
Chad Randall says:
For me its Metal Gear Solid, Resident Evil 2&3, Sonic the Hedgehog 2, and Chrono Cross
Excellent choices.
TheQuailEgg says:
Nice write up! World of Warcraft, Pokemon Gold, & the Elder Scrolls (as a franchise in general); three titles that I too honestly feel were some of the most important games I’ve ever had the pleasure of playing!
Thanks for reading! Glad we have some overlap there. Nice!
Gaumer says:
I too talk about WoW as though I’m recovering. My family had to have an intervention. It was serious abuse.
Haha! It was too addictive for our own good.
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Structure-Function Studies of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Receptor
Aaronson, S A.
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, United States
Search 214 grants from S Aaronson
Search grants from Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
Understanding the Exopher: A Novel Mechanism for Extrusion of Neurotoxic Contents
Phosphotyrosine-mimicking peptides for the inhibition of the Src Homology 2 (SH2) Domain of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3)
Optimization of HDAC6 Inhibitors in the Treatment of CMT
Mitochondrial Focus of Reperfusion Injury in Aging Heart
Studies on the Alcohol Deterrent Agent, Cyanamide
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen to cells of mesenchymal origin. In order to elucidate the structure-function relationships between ligand-receptor and receptor-signaling molecules, the extracellular domains of the PDGF receptor, the intracellular tyrosine kinase and the Src-homology region 2 (SH2) of PI-3 kinase and GAP have been expressed. The proteins have been purified for structural and functional analysis. Currently, it has been shown that the N-SH2 domain of PI-3 kinase binds the alphaPDGFR through a calcium dependent mechanism (manuscript submitted to J Biol chem, 1993). further, a large proportion of the proteins expressed for both x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been committed. Currently, the three-dimensional structure of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and a mutant of KGF are in the process of being analyzed. the molecules have been model built on a computer graphics system based on the three- dimensional structure of fibroblast growth factor (FGF).
Intramural Research (Z01)
1Z01CP005736-01
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
Z01 CA Structure/Function Studies of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Receptor
Tronick, S R. / Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
Z01 CA Structure-Function Studies of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Receptor
Aaronson, S A. / Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
Be the first to comment on this grant
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Cellphones Deemed "Possibly Carcinogenic" by World's Leading Cancer Experts
Sam Biddle
The back and forth brawl between studies suggesting that cell phones do and don't cause cancer just took a bold step toward the former camp today, with the World Health Organisation classifying cellphones as potential links to brain cancer.
The study, conducted by the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer, stops far short of saying phones cause cancer. Rather, the agency's grouped regular cellphone usage (defined as 30 minutes of talk-time per day) as a "possible" cause of glioma, a malignant form of brain cancer—up to a 40% increased chance, according to one cited study. As one researcher puts it, "There could be some risk, and therefore we need to keep a close watch for a link between cell phones and cancer risk." This might sound insignificant—the study says chance, as opposed to causation, can't be ruled out—but it's unprecedented. The WHO is a global authority on medicine, and its findings mark the most comprehensive statement on cellular radiation danger. By classifying cellphone usage as a possible, or "Class 2B" carcinogen, your iPhone or Android's now on the same list as DDT, burning coal, herpes, and working in a print factory (among hundreds of other potential carcinogens).
The IARC defines 2B classification—the zone between a definitive cancer cause and inconclusive murk—thusly:
This category is used for agents for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with
supporting evidence from mechanistic and other relevant data may be placed in this group. An agent may be classified in this category solely on the basis of strong evidence from mechanistic and other relevant data.
So it's not a definitive danger. But cellphone use is officially a risk. Luckily, we're decreasingly using them to actually talk into—smartphones might be helping us dodge brain cancer. [via Telegraph, Photo: Shutterstock/Aleksandr Markin]
The IARC's release can be read in full below:
IARC CLASSIFIES RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AS POSSIBLY CARCINOGENIC TO HUMANS
Lyon, France, May 31, 2011 ‐‐ The WHO/International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), based on an increased risk for glioma, a malignant type of brain cancer1, associated with wireless phone use.
Over the last few years, there has been mounting concern about the possibility of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, such as those emitted by wireless communication devices. The number of mobile phone subscriptions is estimated at 5 billion globally.
From May 24–31 2011, a Working Group of 31 scientists from 14 countries has been meeting at IARC in Lyon, France, to assess the potential carcinogenic hazards from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. These assessments will be published as Volume 102 of the IARC Monographs, which will be the fifth volume in this series to focus on physical agents, after Volume 55 (Solar Radiation), Volume 75 and Volume 78 on ionizing radiation (X‐rays, gamma‐rays, neutrons, radio‐nuclides), and Volume 80 on non‐ionizing radiation (extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields).
The IARC Monograph Working Group discussed the possibility that these exposures might induce long‐term health effects, in particular an increased risk for cancer. This has relevance for public health, particularly for users of mobile phones, as the number of users is large and growing, particularly among young adults and children.
The IARC Monograph Working Group discussed and evaluated the available literature on the following exposure categories involving radiofrequency electromagnetic fields:
␣ occupational exposures to radar and to microwaves;
␣ environmental exposures associated with transmission of signals for radio, television and
wireless telecommunication; and
␣ personal exposures associated with the use of wireless telephones.
International experts shared the complex task of tackling the exposure data, the studies of cancer in humans, the studies of cancer in experimental animals, and the mechanistic and other relevant data.
The evidence was reviewed critically, and overall evaluated as being limited2 among users of wireless telephones for glioma and acoustic neuroma, and inadequate3 to draw conclusions for other types of cancers. The evidence from the occupational and environmental exposures mentioned above was similarly judged inadequate. The Working Group did not quantitate the risk; however, one study of past cell phone use (up to the year 2004), showed a 40% increased risk for gliomas in the highest category of heavy users (reported average: 30 minutes per day over a 10‐year period).
Dr Jonathan Samet (University of Southern California, USA), overall Chairman of the Working Group, indicated that "the evidence, while still accumulating, is strong enough to support a conclusion and the 2B classification. The conclusion means that there could be some risk, and therefore we need to keep a close watch for a link between cell phones and cancer risk."
"Given the potential consequences for public health of this classification and findings," said IARC Director Christopher Wild, "it is important that additional research be conducted into the long‐ term, heavy use of mobile phones. Pending the availability of such information, it is important to take pragmatic measures to reduce exposure such as hands‐free devices or texting. "
The Working Group considered hundreds of scientific articles; the complete list will be published in the Monograph. It is noteworthy to mention that several recent in‐press scientific articles4 resulting from the Interphone study were made available to the working group shortly before it was due to convene, reflecting their acceptance for publication at that time, and were included in the evaluation.
A concise report summarizing the main conclusions of the IARC Working Group and the evaluations of the carcinogenic hazard from radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (including the use of mobile telephones) will be published in The Lancet Oncology in its July 1 issue, and in a few days online.
For more information, please contact Dr Kurt Straif, IARC Monographs Section, at +33 472 738 511, or straif@iarc.fr; Dr Robert Baan, IARC Monographs Section, at +33 472 738 659, or baan@iarc.fr; or Nicolas Gaudin, IARC Communications Group, at com@iarc.fr (+33 472 738 478)
Link to the audio file posted shortly after the briefing: http://terrance.who.int/mediacentre/audio/press_briefings/
cazzyodo
How does one conduct such a study without giving subjects brain cancer?
only publishing the results of the eighth study
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Progress in the Pines
Since 2002, residents of the Porter County Town of Pines have been trying to get state and federal authorities to address contamination coming from a nearby landfill and entering their drinking water wells. Testing of area wells and Brown Ditch, which flows through the town and the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore before entering Lake Michigan, has shown high levels of boron and manganese.
Earlier this month, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that an additional 140 town residents will be hooked up to Michigan City’s water supply as part of an agreement with the four companies believed to be responsible for the contamination. Under the agreement the Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Brown, Inc., (the company that manages the landfill),D. Dalt Corp, and Bulk Transport Corp. will pay for the $2 million construction project and the follow-up studies associated with the contaminated wells. According to EPA project manager Ken Theisen, the studies will address the health effects to the people and the environment, and could lead to future waterline construction projects and cleanup requirements. The studies may take up to three years to complete.
People in Need of Environmental Safety (PINES), the citizens action group formed by town residents, is pleased with the progress, but is pushing for more. The group is working toward supplying all of the residents potentially affected by the contamination with clean water from Michigan City. Their goal is supported by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) report on the contamination, which recommends an alternate long-term water source: 1) to eliminate exposure to contaminants that are known to cause health effects at the levels detected and 2) to eliminate the uncertainty of risk from additive effects of exposure to these contaminants. The EPA requested that ATSDR assist in evaluating whether groundwater contamination impacting residential water wells in the Town of Pines, Indiana poses an immediate health threat to residents in April of 2002. The conclusions to the ATSDR’s final Health Consultation on the Town of Pines Groundwater Plume(1) were:
1) Contaminated groundwater has significantly impacted the drinking water supply for many residents. Because the groundwater plume has not been fully characterized, it is uncertain how many additional residential wells could be impacted by the plume in the future.
2) Significant fluctuations in contaminant concentrations have occurred in individual homes during the two years that sampling was conducted. Therefore, filters at the taps of selected individual homes are not adequate to provide long-term protection of drinking water for all residents of the Town of Pines.
3) Residential wells in the Town of Pines contain detected elevated levels of metals and VOCs. The extent of contamination is unknown.
4) Levels of arsenic, boron, manganese, and lead have been detected in residential wells at levels similar or equal to those associated with adverse health effects noted in scientific literature.
The health consultation’s concluding paragraph also states, “current levels of contaminants, in some instances,may pose a threat to adults and children living in the area. ATSDR suggests an alternate water supply for impacted residential wells, and the investigation of a long-term solution to water quality problems.”
PINES received a $3,500 grant from the Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Fund to assist with monitoring the water quality at all of the homes potentially affected by the contamination. So far, PINES has facilitated the testing of an additional 147 homes in the town and surrounding area. The testing has revealed contamination of wells not yet being addressed by the EPA. PINES has also just completed the first round of testing at five sites along Brown Ditch, and plans to conduct another with the remaining funds. The group plans to use the data collected from the wells and the ditch to urge a water supply connection for all residents in the groundwater plume area.
(1) www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/townpines/top_p1.html
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Second Employability Programme part-funded by FfW due to start in November
Following the success of the first Sharan Project Employability Programme, part-funded by Futures for Women, a second programme will start in Birmingham on 11 November 2019.
The programmes are aimed at women from the South Asian community who have experienced persecution, domestic violence, forced marriage, honour based abuse and other forms of cultural conflict. The courses give the women the skills and confidence to seek paid employment and achieve some financial independence. This second course will equip the women with a City and Guilds qualification in Customer Care and independent living with optional e-qualifications in food safety, personal health and wellbeing and equality and diversity, delivered by project partner Go-Train. The women are also supported with interview coaching and receive a style makeover provided by Smart Works. The programmes have child-friendly hours and all participants are able to claim travel vouchers.
Polly Harrar from The Sharan Project said “This second course allows participants to extend and secure more qualifications to become even more work ready and confident”.
The programme will conclude on 6 December with a celebration event to recognise the participants’ achievements.
Former beneficiary continues her journey towards a career in cancer research
We were delighted to receive this message from a former beneficiary of one of our interest-free loans:
“In 2017 I graduated with a Distinction in the MRes programme in Translational Cancer Medicine at King’s College London. My research focused on the cross-talk between immune cells within the tumour microenvironment. I am currently in the second year of my DPhil in Oncology at the University of Oxford. My project involves investigating the role of DNA damage repair proteins and exploring approaches to targeting tumours that lack these proteins. I plan to continue with a career in cancer research and aspire to make an impact to a field that I feel so passionately about. I would like to express my gratitude to the Trustees at Futures for Women. The award was of unquestionable benefit to enabling the completion of the MRes programme which inevitably led to a successful DPhil application. “
May the Trustees of Futures for Women wish you every success with your DPhil and eventual career in cancer research.
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The Buffalo Bills played in a record four Super Bowls in a row but lost every one. These two championships, coupled with the Packers' NFL championships in , , and , amount to the most successful stretch in NFL History; five championships in seven years, and the only threepeat in NFL history , , and However, this would be the Dolphins' final loss for over a year, as the next year , the Dolphins would go 14—0 in the regular season and eventually win all their playoff games, capped off with a 14—7 victory in Super Bowl VII , becoming the first and only team to finish an entire perfect regular and postseason.
The coaches and administrators also were part of the dynasty's greatness as evidenced by the team's "final pieces" being part of the famous draft.
The selections in that class have been considered the best by any pro franchise ever, as Pittsburgh selected four future Hall of Famers, the most for any team in any sport in a single draft.
The Steelers were the first team to win three and then four Super Bowls and appeared in six AFC Championship Games during the decade, making the playoffs in eight straight seasons.
Nine players and three coaches and administrators on the team have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pittsburgh still remains the only team to win back-to-back Super Bowls twice and four Super Bowls in a six-year period.
Their team won Super Bowl XX in dominant fashion. Following several seasons with poor records in the s, the Dallas Cowboys rose back to prominence in the s.
During this decade, the Cowboys made post-season appearances every year except for the seasons of and From to , the Cowboys won their division championship each year.
In this same period, the Buffalo Bills had made their mark reaching the Super Bowl for a record four consecutive years, only to lose all four.
All three of these players went to the Hall of Fame. The back-to-back victories heralded a change in momentum in which AFC teams would win nine out of 12 Super Bowls.
In the years between and , five teams—the Steelers, New England Patriots , Broncos, Baltimore Ravens , and Indianapolis Colts —accounted for 22 of the 24 AFC Super Bowl appearances including the last 16 , with those same teams often meeting each other earlier in the playoffs.
In contrast, the NFC saw a different representative in the Super Bowl every season from through The New England Patriots became the dominant team throughout the early s, winning the championship three out of four years early in the decade.
They would become only the second team in the history of the NFL to do so after the s Dallas Cowboys.
Brady would go on to win the MVP award for this game. In the season , the Patriots became the fourth team in NFL history to have a perfect unbeaten and untied regular season record, the second in the Super Bowl era after the Miami Dolphins, and the first to finish 16—0.
The Super Bowls of the late s and s are notable for the performances and the pedigrees of several of the participating quarterbacks, especially on the AFC side in repeated appearances by the same teams and players.
This became Aaron Rodgers ' only Super Bowl victory. The following year, in Super Bowl XLVI , the Patriots made their first appearance of the decade, a position where they would become a mainstay.
This was the Giants 4th Super Bowl victory. The game had been dubbed as the 'Harbaugh Bowl' in the weeks leading up to the game, due to the fact that the coaches of the two teams, John Harbaugh and Jim Harbaugh , are brothers.
During the 3rd quarter, the Ravens had a commanding 28—6 lead. However, there was a blackout in New Orleans, where the game was being played.
The game was delayed for 34 minutes, and after play resumed, San Francisco stormed back with 17 straight points, but still lost.
The Seattle Seahawks won their first NFL title with a 43—8 defeat of the Denver Broncos, in a highly touted matchup that pitted Seattle's top-ranked defense against a Peyton Manning-led Denver offense that had broken the NFL's single-season scoring record.
Down by 10, the Patriots hosted a late 4th quarter comeback to win the game with Tom Brady scoring two touchdowns in the 4th quarter.
In a key play in the final seconds of the game, then rookie free agent Malcolm Butler would intercept a pass by Russell Wilson at the one yard line, allowing the Patriots to run out the clock and end the game.
In Super Bowl 50 , the first Super Bowl to be branded with Arabic numerals , the Broncos, led by the league's top-ranked defense, defeated the Carolina Panthers , who had the league's top-ranked offense, in what became the final game of quarterback Peyton Manning 's career.
Von Miller dominated, totaling 2. In Super Bowl LI , the first Super Bowl to end in overtime, the Atlanta Falcons led 28—3 late in the third quarter; however, they squandered the lead as the Patriots would tie the game 28—28 on back to back touchdowns and two point conversions.
The Atlanta Falcons lost to the Patriots 34—28 in overtime. This 25 point deficit would be the largest comeback win for any team in a Super Bowl, breaking the previous of a 10 point deficit to comeback and win.
The Patriots never held the lead until the game winning touchdown in overtime. The Patriots totaled yards in defeat, with Tom Brady breaking his previous Super Bowl record of passing yards with an all time playoff record passing yards in the high scoring game; while the Eagles would gain yards in victory.
The Patriots' 33 points was the highest losing score in Super Bowl history. The combined total of 1, yards of offense for both teams broke an NFL record for any game that had stood for nearly seven decades.
It was the Eagles' third Super Bowl appearance, and their first win in franchise history. The Patriots defeated the Los Angeles Rams , 13—3.
Tom Brady would receive a record sixth Super Bowl championship, the most of any player in NFL history, surpassing his tie with Charles Haley for five wins.
Brady would also become the oldest player to ever win a Super Bowl at age 41, while Bill Belichick would be the oldest coach to ever win a Super Bowl at age The Super Bowl is one of the most watched annual sporting events in the world, with viewership overwhelmingly domestic.
This means that on average, more than million people from the United States alone are tuned into the Super Bowl at any given moment.
In press releases preceding each year's event, the NFL typically claims that this year's Super Bowl will have a potential worldwide audience of around one billion people in over countries.
However, the statements have been frequently misinterpreted in various media as referring to the latter figure, leading to a common misperception about the game's actual global audience.
The halftime show followed with Ratings for that game, a San Francisco victory over Cincinnati, may have been aided by a large blizzard that had affected much of the northeastern United States on game day, leaving residents to stay at home more than usual.
Famous commercial campaigns include the Budweiser " Bud Bowl " campaign, the introduction of Apple's Macintosh computer, and the and dot-com ads.
Super Bowls I—VI were blacked out in the television markets of the host cities, due to league restrictions then in place. Super Bowl VII was telecast in Los Angeles on an experimental basis after all tickets were sold ten days prior to the game.
The Super Bowl provides an extremely strong lead-in to programming following it on the same channel, the effects of which can last for several hours.
Because of this strong coattail effect, the network that airs the Super Bowl typically takes advantage of the large audience to air an episode of a hit series, or to premiere the pilot of a promising new one in the lead-out slot, which immediately follows the Super Bowl and post-game coverage.
Initially, it was sort of a novelty and so it didn't quite feel right. But it was just like, this is the year Bands of our generation, you can sort of be seen on a stage like this or, like, not seen.
There's not a lot of middle places. It is a tremendous venue. Early Super Bowls featured a halftime show consisting of marching bands from local colleges or high schools ; but as the popularity of the game increased, a trend where popular singers and musicians performed during its pre-game ceremonies and the halftime show , or simply sang the national anthem of the United States or America the Beautiful emerged.
They approached Michael Jackson , whose performance the following year drew higher figures than the game itself. For many years, Whitney Houston 's performance of the national anthem at Super Bowl XXV in , during the Gulf War , had long been regarded as one of the best renditions of the anthem in history.
The halftime show of Super Bowl XXXVIII attracted controversy , following an incident in which Justin Timberlake removed a piece of Janet Jackson 's top, briefly exposing one of her breasts before the broadcast quickly cut away from the shot.
The incident led to fines being issued by the FCC and a larger crackdown over " indecent " content broadcast on television , and MTV then a sister to the game's broadcaster that year, CBS , under Viacom being banned by the NFL from producing the Super Bowl halftime show in the future.
No market or region without an active NFL franchise has ever hosted a Super Bowl, and the presence of an NFL team in a market or region is now a de jure requirement for bidding on the game.
The Louisiana Superdome has hosted seven Super Bowls, the most of any venue. This was as the winning market was previously not required to host the Super Bowl in the same stadium that its NFL team used, if the stadium in which the Super Bowl was held was perceived to be a better stadium for a large high-profile event than the existing NFL home stadium in the same city; for example Los Angeles's last five Super Bowls were all played at the Rose Bowl , which has never been used by any NFL franchise outside of the Super Bowl.
Starting with the selection of the Super Bowl XXVIII venue on May 23, , the league has given preference in awarding the Super Bowl to brand new or recently renovated NFL stadiums, alongside a trend of teams demanding public money or relocating to play in new stadiums.
No team has ever played the Super Bowl in its home stadium. In that instance, U. Bank Stadium became the first Super Bowl host stadium selected on May 20, to also host a Divisional Playoff Game in the same season which the Vikings won ; all previous times that the Super Bowl host stadium hosted another playoff game in the same postseason were all Wild Card games.
Only MetLife Stadium did not have a roof be it fixed or retractable but it was still picked as the host stadium for Super Bowl XLVIII in an apparent waiver of the warm-climate rule, with a contingency plan to reschedule the game in the event of heavy snowfall.
There have been a few instances where the league has rescinded the Super Bowl from cities. Super Bowl XLIX in was originally given to Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri , but after two sales taxes failed to pass at the ballot box a renovation proposal had passed successfully, but a second ballot question to add a rolling roof structure to be shared with Kaufmann Stadium critical for the game to be hosted was rejected , and opposition by local business leaders and politicians increased, Kansas City eventually withdrew its request to host the game.
The location of the Super Bowl is chosen at a meeting of all NFL team owners, usually three to five years prior to the event.
The game has never been played in a metropolitan area that lacked an NFL franchise at the time the game was played, although in NFL commissioner Roger Goodell suggested that a Super Bowl might be played in London , perhaps at Wembley Stadium.
Through Super Bowl LVI , teams were allowed to bid for the rights to host Super Bowls, where cities submitted proposals to host a Super Bowl and were evaluated in terms of stadium renovation and their ability to host, but this competition was rescinded in In , a document listing the specific requirements of Super Bowl hosts was leaked, giving a clear list of what was required for a Super Bowl host.
Much of the cost of a Super Bowl is to be assumed by the host community, although some costs are enumerated within the requirements to be assumed by the NFL.
The designated " home team " alternates between the NFC team in odd-numbered games and the AFC team in even-numbered games.
Regardless of being the home or away team of record, each team has their team logo and wordmark painted in one of the end zones.
Originally, the designated home team had to wear their colored jerseys, which resulted in Dallas donning their less exposed dark blue jerseys for Super Bowl V.
The Cowboys, since , have worn white jerseys at home. The Redskins wore white at home under coach Joe Gibbs starting in through , continued by Richie Petitbon and Norv Turner through , then again when Gibbs returned from through Meanwhile, the Steelers, who have always worn their black jerseys at home since the AFL—NFL merger in , opted for the white jerseys after winning three consecutive playoff games on the road, wearing white.
LII Nick Foles. Bank Stadium. LI Tom Brady. Von Miller. XLIX University of Phoenix Stadium. Malcolm Smith.
XLVII Joe Flacco. Mercedes-Benz Superdome. XLVI Eli Manning. Lucas Oil Stadium. XLV Aaron Rodgers. XLIV Drew Brees.
Sun Life Stadium. XLIII Santonio Holmes. Raymond James Stadium. XLII XLI Peyton Manning. Dolphin Stadium. XL Hines Ward.
XXXIX Deion Branch. Dexter Jackson. Qualcomm Stadium. XXXVI February 3, The New York Times. IX Games. The Sport Digest.
United States Sports Academy. Retrieved February 19, Rockford Register Star. Archived from the original on February 2, Federal government of the United States.
Archived from the original on February 16, Retrieved March 30, Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 25, Archived from the original on July 25, Retrieved February 4, Sporting News.
January 14, Retrieved December 24, January 12, Archived from the original on February 8, CBS News. Retrieved January 27, Retrieved August 26, Retrieved October 4, January 15, Archived from the original on September 28, January 21, Archived from the original on December 26, Pro Football Reference.
Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on February 10, January 24, Archived from the original on April 17, Archived from the original PDF on March 19, Retrieved May 24, The San Diego Union-Tribune.
Archived from the original on July 6, Los Angeles Times. January 28, Retrieved March 27, Archived from the original on March 9, Retrieved July 28, Archived from the original on April 10, Archived from the original on December 18, February 10, Retrieved May 21, February 6, Archived from the original on February 9, Retrieved February 6, February 8, Associated Press.
June 9, SB Nation Boston. Retrieved March 7, Retrieved May 20, February 2, Retrieved May 25, November 9, October 11, Retrieved February 27, Retrieved January 5, March 21, Retrieved December 23, The Walt Disney Company.
May 23, Retrieved May 23, February 5, February 4, Archived PDF from the original on February 11, The Cincinnati Enquirer.
Archived from the original on February 5, February 7, Retrieved October 14, Retrieved August 27, Cleveland Browns. Archived from the original on December 2, Retrieved January 31, Petersburg Times.
Retrieved September 7, Super Bowl champions. Super Bowl. Super Bowl Sunday Curse. National Football League championship games —present. NFL playoffs.
American Football League playoffs. National Football League Categories : Super Bowl lists Lists of sports championships.
Hidden categories: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use mdy dates from February Pages using navbox columns without the first column Featured lists.
Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read View source View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file.
Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. NFL champion n 4, 2—2. NFC champion N 54, 27— AFL champion a 4, 2—2. AFC champion A 54, 27— I [sb 1].
Green Bay Packers n 1, 1—0. Kansas City Chiefs a 1, 0—1. Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Los Angeles, California [sb 2].
II [sb 1]. Green Bay Packers n 2, 2—0. Oakland Raiders a 1, 0—1. Miami Orange Bowl. Miami, Florida [sb 3]. III [sb 1].
New York Jets a 1, 1—0. Baltimore Colts n 1, 0—1. Miami Orange Bowl 2. Miami, Florida 2 [sb 3]. IV [sb 1]. Kansas City Chiefs a 2, 1—1.
Minnesota Vikings n 1, 0—1. Tulane Stadium. New Orleans, Louisiana. January 17, Baltimore Colts A 2, 1—1.
Dallas Cowboys N 1, 0—1. Miami Orange Bowl 3. Miami, Florida 3 [sb 3]. January 16, Dallas Cowboys N 2, 1—1. Miami Dolphins A 1, 0—1.
Tulane Stadium 2. New Orleans, Louisiana 2. Miami Dolphins A 2, 1—1. Washington Redskins N 1, 0—1. Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 2. Los Angeles, California 2 [sb 2].
January 13, Miami Dolphins A 3, 2—1. Minnesota Vikings N 2, 0—2.
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Korean Crypto Exchange Executives Fake Trading Volumes, Earn Prison Sentences
Two major executives of Komid, a cryptocurrency exchange platform based in South Korea, have been sentenced to prison, according to a report by local Korean news outlet Blockinpress.
The two individuals were convicted of falsifying trading volumes on the exchange. Choi Hyunsuk, CEO of Komid, is one of the indicted individuals. He was given a three-year sentence for his role in the scam, while the other executive, In-House Director Park Mo, is set to be jailed for two years as well.
Fake Accounts and False Orders
It was reported that Choi and his partner created well over five accounts on the exchange and were using these accounts to make trades, with the purpose of inflating the daily trading volume estimates on the exchange. Choi was also accused of developing a cryptocurrency bot application and installing it on the platform to make large trade orders.
This way, investors were tricked into believing that the platform had a high volume of trade going through it. The two officials were later brought up on charges of fraud, financial misconduct, and embezzlement.
The executives engaged in ‘wash trading’ to artificially create non-existent trading activity. Pic: Shutterstock
The charges from the prosecutors claimed that the two fabricated 5 million transactions on the platform, while also giving its customers a perception that the increase in daily trading volume was organic. The two reportedly earned $45 million from the scam.
Upon sentencing, the judge who presided over the case said, “Choi has committed fraud for a countless number of victims for a long period. Furthermore, he holds the financial authorities responsible for failing to keep track of the industry better.”
Wash Trading- A Deceptive Tactic Destroying Trust
“Wash trading,” as it is usually called, is the act of creating artificial trading activity on a trading platform of any kind. It is quite commonplace in the crypto industry, although this is the first time that a crypto exchange executive is being jailed for it.
In his remarks, the judge also stated that this case has further damaged the confidence of investors and customers in the crypto exchange, and it has the potential to develop a negative effect on the country’s digital asset trading market as well.
Upbit’s Elaborate Scam
Various crypto exchanges have been caught making use of the very same deceptive methods to make false orders. In December 2018, officials of Upbit, one of the largest crypto exchanges in South Korea, were charged with similar fraudulent activities. According to the report, three officials of the company, including the Board Chairman and Finance Director, faked orders to the tune of over $260 billion. In addition to that, they reportedly sold 11,500 BTC to thousands of investors, pocketing $132 million in the process.
Oops! South Korean Crypto Exchange Accidentally Sends Traders $5 Million in Bitcoin
$3.2 Trillion in Bitcoin Payments Processed in 2018: Is the Cryptocurrency a Better Version of Gold?
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Equity and Trusts - 2nd Edition
Format Print Digital
Equity & Trusts is directed specifically at LLB and GDL students, providing them with all they need to understand the complexities of the English law of equity and trusts in principle and in practice, while also providing them with insights into some of the debates that surround this area of the law.
Written by two authors from Northumbria Law School with extensive experience of teaching this core subject, and with leading practitioner input to reinforce the practical application of equity and trusts, this text sets out to help students appreciate the context behind the subject and become confident in their ability to solve problems.
Equity & Trusts draws on the primary sources of case law and legislation and guides the reader through the early developments of equity to its contemporary relevance. By focusing on the equitable institution of the trust, the book sets out, in clear and accessible language, the formation and function of different trusts, the roles, rights and responsibilities of those involved and the remedies that may be available when things go wrong.
New for this edition:
new diagrams to aid student understanding of complex issues
expanded chapter on breach of trust, tracing and remedies
full review and update to reflect recent case law, including: Ong v Ping (2017) and North v Wilkinson (2018) on the creation of express trusts; Culliford v Thorpe (2018) on common intention constructive trusts and proprietary estoppel; Marr v Collie (2017) on common intention constructive trusts; Lewis v Tamplin (2018) on the beneficiaries’ right to receive information from the trustees; Daniel v Tee (2016) on trustees’ power of investment and the Trustee Act 1925, s 61; Barnsley v Noble (2016) on exemption clauses; Burnden Holdings v Fielding (2018) on limitation; Davies v Davies (2016) on proprietary estoppel; Clydesdale Bank v Workman (2016) on dishonest assistance; Bathurst v Bathurst (2016) and Gelber v Sunderland Foundation (2018) on variation of trusts; and Main v Giambrone (2017) on equitable compensation
discussion of reform proposals, including Law Commission Initiation, ‘Modernising Trust Law for a Global Britain’ (2019); House of Commons Briefing Paper No 03372, ‘“Common Law Marriage” and Cohabitation’ (2018); Law Commission Consultation, ‘Making a Will’ (2017)
Katharine Davies is a senior lecturer in law at Northumbria University, having previously practiced as a solicitor in England and the Isle of Man specialising in corporate/ commercial law. She has taught equity and trusts to LLB and GDL students for the last five years as well as company law, insolvency and taxation to undergraduate students for the last twelve years. Katharine is an early years academic researcher.
Sue Farran is a Reader in Law, School of Law, Newcastle University, having previously worked at a number of other universities in the UK and abroad. She has taught equity and trusts, as well as land law, for many years to LLB and GDL students. Sue has an extensive research and publication record focusing on a range of legal topics.
• Published June 2019
• Paperback
• £32.99
• ISBN 9780995653085
Back to Bookshop
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Compartmentalization for African swine fever
2020. október 13., kedd – 08:54
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe viral disease affecting domestic and wild pigs and is responsible for serious global production and economic losses. Recent outbreaks in which the virus was transported over long distances serve as a strong reminder that the virus can reach any region due to our globally connected world.
Global situation update
Europe: Despite the presence of ASF in its wild boar population, Europe has for the most part been able to keep ASF out of its commercial domestic pig populations. However, despite prevention and control measures, ASF has continued to widen its hold. The greatest risk factors in Europe appear to be human movement and behavior- such as viral contamination in food leftovers or on equipment, and through the introduction of infected wild boar.
Asia: Since ASF was introduced in China in August 2018, it has spread rapidly throughout the region in both the domestic and wild boar populations. By the end of 2019, China lost up to 55% of its pig population due to deaths or culling.
North and South America: remains free of ASF at this time. Most of the risk to the US is associated with pork contraband on flights originating from China, Hong Kong, and the Russian Federation (Jurado et al., 2019). Latin America would be particularly vulnerable to disease spread should the virus enter the region. In addition to ineffective surveillance, the occurrence of extreme climatic events, political instability, and conflicts in countries further weaken veterinary capacity, and therefore facilitate the introduction and spread of exotic diseases such as ASF (Costard et al., 2009).
ASF impact
Pork exports depend primarily on national freedom from ASF, as well as from other notifiable swine diseases. One outbreak of ASF in a previously ASF-free country, whether in domestic pigs, feral pigs or wild boar, can result in a nation-wide trade embargo for live pigs and pork products. For example, the outbreak of ASF in wild boar in the southeastern part of Belgium, an area with little commercial pig production, has led to estimated economic losses of €3.2 billion weekly due to lost export markets and reduced pork prices
ASF compartmentalization - an option to ensure business continuity in the face of ASF
With the ever-present risk of further ASF spread, compartmentalization offers an attractive alternative to zoning as an option for swine producers to ensure business continuity and sustained trade in the face of ASF. A compartmentalization approach is complementary to national eradication programs which often include zoning.
Disease-affected countries have historically relied on geographical zones established post-outbreak in order to contain the disease within designated zones and to continue trade outside the designated zones. The delineation of zones lies under the control primarily of the veterinary authorities. The boundaries of zones are often dynamic as a result of the disease dynamics and trading partners are often still reluctant to trade with disease-free zones, both of which can lead to significant delays for business continuity.
In response to the challenges associated with zoning, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) officially adopted the concept of compartmentalization in 2004.
A compartment is a network of business operations along a value chain that are disease-free with clearly defined common biosecurity, health status and management systems that are therefore permitted to continue operations even in the presence of the disease in the area of the business facilities.
There are three main advantages to compartmentalization over the zoning approach:
A compartment can be established, approved by the veterinary authorities, and accepted by trading partners before an outbreak.
A compartment can be made up of either a single establishment, or multiple integrated establishments, under the same ownership or management.
Compartmentalization can be initiated by the private sector with support of veterinary authorities (Kahn & Llado, 2014), allowing control of the compartment to be primarily with producers.
further reading (and source): https://www.pig333.com/articles/compartmentalization-for-african-swine-fever_16645/
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Daytona 500 Crash Sends Ryan Newman to the Hospital
NASCAR veteran Ryan Newman crashed and flipped in a fiery wreck to end the Daytona 500 that sent the racer to the hospital on Monday night (Feb. 17).
Newman's team has issued a statement that describes his injuries as “not life threatening,” however the 42-year-old driver is in serious condition at Halifax Medical Center in Daytona Beach, Fla.
The nature of his injuries were not described in his team's statement. It took crews 10 minutes to get him out of the car, which caught fire after flipping and sliding several hundred feet on its roof:
Newman, Ryan Blaney, eventual winner Denny Hamlin and others were jockeying for position during the last lap when Blaney and Newman touched coming off turn four. Newman was in the lead, but Blaney's bump spun him into the wall, where the No. 6 car flipped. He was then hit by Cody LaJoi’s car at full speed, which pushed him down the front stretch. NBC Sports points out that fuel looked to be pouring out of the vehicle as crews arrived.
Newman is a well-known and respected driver in NASCAR’s top series, having raced since 2002. He has 18 career wins, including the 2008 Daytona 500. Several country stars offered words of prayer and support in the moments that followed the crash, which aired one day later due to rain on Sunday in Florida.
Fox analyst and former NASCAR champion Jeff Gordon summed up the emotions of the accident afterward, saying, "Safety has come a long way in this sport, but sometimes we are reminded that it is a very dangerous sport. Thoughts and prayers right now are with Ryan Newman and his family.”
See More Photos of Ryan Newman's Daytona 500 Crash:
Source: Daytona 500 Crash Sends Ryan Newman to the Hospital
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Youth & Teen Religious Education
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Baptism, Confirmation, & Eucharist
Penance & Anointing of the Sick
Holy Orders & Marriage
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St. Clement I, Pope & Martyr
Little is known of this apostolic father beyond a few facts. He was a disciple of S. Peter, and perhaps of S. Paul. It is thought that the Clement whom S. Paul praises as a faithful fellow- worker, whose name is written in the Book of Life [Philippians 4:3], was Clement, afterwards bishop of Rome. But there is great difficulty in admitting this supposition. It is certain that Clement, the idol of the Petrine party in the Primitive Church, about whom their myths and traditions circled lovingly, was quite removed in feeling from the Pauline party. According to Tertullian, Clement succeeded S. Peter immediately in the episcopal government of the Church at Rome. But in the list of bishops given us by Irenaeus and Eusebius he occupies the third place after the apostle, that is, after Linus and Cletus (Anacletus). It is, however, probable that the Church at Rome had at first two successions, one Petrine, the other Pauline, but that they speedily merged into one; and this will account for the confusion in the lists of the first bishops of Rome. Clement probably was Petrine, and Cletus Pauline bishop, the former ruling the converted Jews, the latter the Gentile converts. We know nothing of the events of his pontificate, except that there was a schism at Corinth, which drew forth a letter from him which is preserved. S. Jerome and S. Irenaeus do not say that he died a martyr's death, but Rufinus and Zosimus give him the title of martyr; but this title by no means implies that he had died for the faith; it had anciently more extended signification than at present, and included all who had witnessed a good confession, and suffered in any way for their faith. This is all that we know of S. Clement. But imagination has spun a web of romance about his person. The Clementine Recognitions and Homilies are an early romance representing the disputation of S. Peter and Simon Magus; they have a story running through them to hold the long disquisitions together, of which S. Clement is the hero. It is, however, pure romance, with, perhaps, only this basis of truth in it, that Clement is represented as the devoted adherent and disciple of S. Peter. The Clementines are thoroughly anti-Pauline, as are also the Apostolic Constitutions, in which again S. Clement appears prominently. The legend of the martyrdom of S. Clement relates that, in the reign of Trajan, when Mamertinus was prefect of the city, and Toractianus count of the offices, a sedition arose among the rabble of Rome against the Christians, and especially against Clement, bishop of Rome. Mamertinus interfered to put down the riot, and having arrested Clement, sent him to the emperor, who ordered his banishment to Pontus, where he was condemned to work in the marble quarries. He found many Christians among his fellow-convicts, and comforted and encouraged them. The only spring of drinking water was six miles off, and it was a great hardship to the convicts to have to fetch it all from such a distance. One day Clement saw a lamb scraping at the soil with one of its forefeet. He took it as a sign that water was there; dug, and found a spring. As Clement succeeded in converting many pagans, he was sent to Aufidianus, the prefect, who ordered him to be drowned in the sea with an old anchor attached to his neck. His body was recovered by his disciple Phoebus. The relics of S. Clement were translated to Constantinople (860) by S. Cyril on his return from his mission to the Chazars, whilst engaged in the Chersonese on his Sclavonic translation of the Gospels. Some of the relics found their way to Rome, and were deposited in the church of San Clemente, where they are still reverently preserved. These consist of bones, some reddened earth, a broken vase containing some red matter, a little bottle similarly filled, and an inscription stating that these are the relics of the Holy Forty Martyrs of Scilita, and also of Flavius Clement. In art S. Clement of Rome is represented as a Pope with an anchor at his side. [His death is placed at about 100 A.D.]
Catholic Diocese of Memphis in Tenneessee
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ITEM / Big Tent Auction: Philatelic, Americana, Mining,... / Nic-L-Silver Token Collection (114817)
Nic-L-Silver Token Collection (114817)
Currency:USD Category:Coins & Paper Money / Exonumia - Medals Start Price:20.00 USD Estimated At:40.00 - 80.00 USD
20.00USDto d*******f+ (5.00) buyer's premium + applicable fees & taxes.
Lot of five nic-l-silver pieces, dated 1950-53 and 1964. Five lucky pieces and a pocket screwdriver key chain. George Lippincott was the founder and president of Nic-L-Silver Battery Company, Santa Ana, California, which made a popular line of American car batteries in the 1950s. Inspired by fiberglass-bodied sports cars being developed in Southern California at the time, he considered building his own line of battery powered vehicles. Lippincott hoped eventually to build 10 cars a day, with the market being primarily power companies and postal authorities. In 1958, he brought together a team of engineers and designers--including Indy race car builder Frank Kurtis--to design and engineer the chassis, and experienced California fiberglass sports-car manufacturer Victress to style the body and assemble the car. The prototype two-seat body was made of laminated fiberglass (with a removable hardtop) mounted on a Kurtis-designed box frame using full torsion bar suspension. Behind the seats were 12 4-volt, series wired, Nic-L-Silver lead-acid batteries, each with two cells. The car had two electric motors and a stated range of 100 to 150 miles, depending on how the vehicle was driven. Top speed was given as 50 mph. Price was targeted at just under $2000, and battery replacement cost was estimated at about $300. The car was unveiled at the Pomona Fair in 1959, but only the one prototype was built at Victress before the project was abandoned.
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How Nonstick Cookware Works
PTFE and Cookware
Nonstick coatings make cleanup easier on everything from frying pans to waffle irons.
© iStockphoto/Lisa McDonald
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has a unique slickness and inactivity with other chemicals that make it very useful in many applications -- it's a component in space suits, and it insulates high-voltage wires [source: DuPont]. Yet these characteristics also pose challenges when it comes to creating nonstick cookware. The nonstick coating must somehow stick to the surface of the pan.
There are many variations of the process to meld the nonstick coating onto the cookware's metal surface. Basically, they all start with the metal base, or substrate, which is created in the shape of the desired cookware. Most nonstick cookware is made of aluminum, but other metals, such as stainless steel, are also used.
The next part of the process deals with applying the nonstick coating to the pan substrate. According to DuPont technology manager William Raiford, there are two ways to overcome the nonstick problem -- mechanically and chemically.
Let's go back to the example of the dance. The chaperones keep the female students from interacting with the male students. To distract the chaperone, a male student might enlist a friend to create a disturbance on the other side of the room, causing all the chaperones to move in that direction. Another tactic might be to build some common ground among the chaperones and students by playing some music from the chaperones' era and getting everyone onto the dance floor together. Either way, the male dancers have a chance to dance with the females.
When making nonstick cookware, the manufacturing version of the male students' disturbance starts with roughening the surface of the substrate. This makes it easier for PTFE's fluorine molecules to stick to the surface. Some methods include roughing the surface with molten metal or chemicals [source: Wolke, Funderburg].
The common ground is a primer or base coat, which has a special formulation that allows it to adhere to both the metal substrate and several nonstick coating layers. The number of PTFE-based coatings, which are either sprayed or rolled onto the surface, depends on the type of pan [source: Cookware Manufacturers Association].
According to Raiford, this process can include heating between each layer, or the layers can be put on top of each other while they are still wet. The final step is sintering. "This is a high temperature bake usually at around 800 degrees Fahrenheit for about three to five minutes," Raiford says -- that's about 427 degrees Celsius. "This dries and cures the polymer and also helps to lock it to the metal."
This coating keeps everything from eggs to meatloaf from sticking to your pans -- but you can't scrub away at it like you can with some cookware. Next, we'll look at how to keep the nonstick finish on your pans pristine.
How Induction Cooktops Work
Can You Recycle Teflon Cookware?
Can you use steel wool on nonstick surface pans?
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Covering a total area of 335ha, the wetland environment comprises Taman Wetland (138ha) and the wetland areas (197ha). One of the most popular tourist attractions in Putrajaya, the wetlands consist of 24 wetland cells built along the arms of the Chua and Bisa rivers. Marshes and swamps were developed in the cells by transplanting more than 70 species of wetland plants form the Putrajaya Wetland Nursery. Twenty-four species of indigenous fish were later introduced into the wetlands cells to enhance their biological diversity.
TAMAN WETLAND
The Tunku Abdul Rahman Park comprises a group of 5 islands located between 3 and 8km off Kota Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia. The park is spread over 4,929 hectares, two-thirds of which cover the sea. Before the Ice age, it formed part of the Crocker Range mass of sandstone and sedimentary rock on the mainland. The park was named after Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia's first Prime Minister
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN NATIONAL PARK
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Writer's desk
A modern guide to pen, paper and writing
Where are all the European unicorns? — September 1, 2019
Where are all the European unicorns?
September 1, 2019 September 1, 2019 /fergusmck/Leave a comment
And does it matter there aren’t that many?
“The problem with the French is that they don’t have a word for entrepreneur.” — President George W. Bush
Smartphones make our lives easier. The whole world is shown to us and mediate through the shiny screens that nearly all of us carry around. Ordering a taxi, discovering new music, staying in touch with friends or colleagues, and booking your next holiday is done quickly with a few taps. And a lot of money has been made making life easier.
The companies behind these technologies have become massive. They have grown from small start-up teams with only a good idea to private firms worth over $1bn. These are the unicorns. Some have become public and are now worth tens, if not hundreds, of billions of dollars.
Uber, Facebook, and Amazon all emerged in the age of the internet and are now worth over $1.5trn together. The smallest of that trio, Uber, alone is worth $55bn.
One thing, though, stands out. In the unicorn stable, only a few were bred in Europe.
Companies founded in the US since 2000 are now worth $1.37trn; in China, they’re worth $675bn. In Europe, that figure is only $240bn.
Europe is as large a market as both the US and China. There are more people in Europe than in the US and nearly as much money. It is not as simple as size. The true causes are historic and cultural as well as prosaic and regulatory.
One theory for the lack of European unicorns is that Europeans are just not as entrepreneurial as Americans or Chinese. They don’t have the ambition to create massive companies. That viewpoint is summed up by that famous (though probably fake) quote of President Bush. And it is a viewpoint that is wrong.
There are plenty of ambitious and talented people in Europe. It has traditionally been the birthplace of many big companies. On the Fortune 500, the list of the largest companies in the world, 160 were founded in Europe. Only 132 were American born. Traditionally, then, Europe hasn’t had a problem with producing ambitious individuals.
University campuses across the continent are full of students dreaming of founding great companies, shaping the world, making a difference. From Israel to Ireland there are entrepreneurs-in-waiting, fantasising of making it big, becoming the next Bill Gates or Elon Musk.
Musk himself isn’t even American. Many unicorn founders aren’t. Adam Neumann, the founder of WeWork, was born in Tel Aviv, Israel. Patrick and Joe Collison of Stripe came from Tipperary in Ireland. That’s only three. There is Russian Sergey Brin of Google, Ukrainian Jan Koum who set up WhatsApp, France’s Renaud Laplanche founded Lending Club, Mikkel Svane moved Zendesk from Denmark to the US after early funding gave it the money to do so. Zendesk is now an American unicorn, despite its start in Europe.
Silicon Valley attracts startups, whether they’re European or American. It has the conditions that founders are looking for. These founders don’t leave their countries to make it big somewhere else just because. They are coming to Silicon Valley for something.
Part of that is that many startups have found success there. It is where people with the skills that founders need gravitate to. It is a black hole, sucking in all those of building a unicorn. The talent pool is massive and it makes sense to start there. Success breeds success.
There are other reasons Silicon Valley provides a good environment for start-ups beyond the plentiful talent. There is a support structure for when things get tough, with lots of mentorship and advice from those that have gone through it before. That type of knowledge, concentrated in one area, is powerful.
London is the most successful startup hub in Europe. Of the roughly 70 European unicorns, 17 can be found in London, more than in any other one place. Many of the big ones, such as Monzo, Revolut, and TrasferWise, specialise in financial technology.
They are disrupting how money is stored, used, and moved around the globe. The talent they need to do this could only be found in London, one of the biggest financial centres in the world. Talent attracts talent.
Talent also attracts money. An investor looking at two different companies, everything else being equal, would lean to the one better placed to use its money. Unicorns chase growth, they burn money to grab a large part of the market and depend on scale for profitability. With the talent pool already in place in Silicon Valley, then they are better placed to burn that cash to reach a profit-making scale in Silicon Valley.
Investors want to be close to their investments. It makes more sense to base yourself in Silicon Valley or America than in Europe. The constant gossip of the Valley helps them find new startups to back. Flying to Europe all the time to hunt for new opportunities, to keep an eye or offer advice to a startup isn’t feasible. The money stays in Silicon Valley and is worked hard.
There is more money looking to invest in American startups as well. The success of previous unicorns has made some investors bolder, wanting to get on the next big thing before it takes off. Compared to a more conservative investing market in Europe, the US has around 14x the capital looking for a tech startup to invest in, according to Siraj Khaliq of Atomico, a European venture capital fund set up by Niklas Zennstrom, one of the co-founders of Skype.
With a much tighter financing market, European companies must focus on earning revenue quicker than their American counterparts. There isn’t as much money going around, and they have to make the most of what they have. Growth and potential are behind much of the valuation of US companies, but it can’t be such a focus for European ones.
This allows US competitors to snap up European companies before they can make it to the truly big time. Shazam was acquired by Apple in 2017 for $400m and has incorporated it as a key part of Apple Music.
Alphabet has gobbled up Belarussian AIMatter, which built a product that allowed users to transform images and videos in real-time. Booking.com, a Dutch startup, might have been worth around $50bn today, but it was acquired by Priceline, another American company, for $113m before it had the chance.
Supercell, the Finnish games company behind Clash of Clans, is owned by Chinese giant Tencent. Supercell was first acquired by SoftBank, the Japanese venture fund, for $1.5bn. After only three years, in 2016, it was sold to Tencent for $10.2bn.
European startups can make it big. Just it isn’t often throughout Europe. While the European Union has done a lot to bring the continent together, such as harmonise banking regulations that have made it easier for fintech firms like Revolut to access a large market, there are still national divides.
Zalando is a German online shopping platform worth more than $14bn. It is mainly active in the German-speaking part of Europe, Germany (of course), Switzerland and Austria. It has hardly made a mark outside its home territory.
A US company is just American, a Chinese firm is only Chinese, but a European one can be British, French, German or dozens of other nationalities. All countries that have historically not got along. National pride still acts as a barrier after regulations have been torn down.
There is one more factor to consider. What if American unicorns are being valued far higher than they should? That would mean that the sober European investors are better at pricing a company and not getting overhyped about a good idea that might not pan out.
There is some evidence for this. The recent IPOs of Uber and Lyft show that some valuations are overly optimistic. Uber went public in May with a share price of $45. It has slid to $32. It is a similar story with Lyft. It debuted at $72 and has declined to $50. The public markets are valuing these companies below what private investors were.
Even Slack, which had a well-received IPO, has taken a hit. Shares are trading at around $30, instead of the $38.50 they started at. Investors want to back the next Facebook or Google. They can fool themselves into thinking that the hyped private tech firm could be it. Each of these unicorns is unique — they are often the only big company with a similar idea (except for Lyft and Uber). If an investor thinks it is a good one, can work at scale and earn massive amounts of money, they are more likely to get involved. A look at the numbers behind a brand may dim that initial enthusiasm though. That’s could be what’s happening in a more risk-averse European market.
Europe has plenty of problems, though building unicorns isn’t one of them. There are plenty of exciting tech companies in the Old World, but the unbridled enthusiasm of the States is not present. There may be less eye-catching headlines, but it makes for a more stable market. There are as many European unicorns as there should be.
The Future History of Meat
Dangerous metaphors
Writing in pencil
All the Coffee in China
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Last edited by JoJok
3 edition of Military fortifications in Great Britain found in the catalog.
Military fortifications in Great Britain
Coppa & Avery Consultants.
an architectural overview
by Coppa & Avery Consultants.
Published 1982 by Vance Bibliographies in Monticello, Ill .
Military architecture -- Great Britain -- Bibliography
Cover title
Statement Coppa & Avery Consultants
Series Architecture series--bibliography -- A-709
Pagination 9 p. ;
new book "Battle Ready; The National Coast Defense System and the Fortification of Puget Sound, ," by David M. Hansen, is available . A fortress protects and gives military personnel a safe harbor from the enemy. But not all fortresses were created equal. And they certainly weren't all created the same.
It was one of the most formidable military projects in history. France’s Commission d’Organisation des Régions Fortifiées (CORF) spent 10 years designing, laying down, improving and extending the border fortifications that would eventually become known as the Maginot Line. Work began modestly in with a series of simple concrete gun emplacements along France’s frontier with the. Interwar Britain (–) was a period of peace and relative economic stagnation. In politics the Liberal Party collapsed and the Labour Party became the main challenger to the dominant Conservative Party throughout the period. The Great Depression affected Britain less severely economically and politically than other major nations, although there were severe pockets of long-term Followed by: Second World War.
Start studying Chapter World War II and the Holocaust, Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 10 great walks on Britain's tiny islands in the north there’s the greatest concentration of military fortifications and beaches, while the south is all about incredible wildlife and cliffs Author: Lisa Drewe.
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Military fortifications in Great Britain by Coppa & Avery Consultants. Download PDF EPUB FB2
Get this from a library. Military fortifications in Great Britain: an architectural overview. [Coppa & Avery Consultants.;]. COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus.
Anglo-Saxon fortifications. The English word "castle" derives from the Latin word castellum and is used to refer to the private fortified residence of a lord or presence of castles in Britain and Ireland dates primarily from the Norman invasion of Before the arrival of the Normans the Anglo-Saxons had built burhs, fortified structures with their origins in 9th-century Wessex.
Welcome to the fortifications task force, which covers all sorts of fortifications from Iron Age hill forts to Hitler's bunker, and from medieval castles to Fort you have any questions about articles or are generally seeking advice, you're encouraged to ask at the main military history talk page, or you can directly approach one of the task force participants below.
This selected bibliography on modern European fortifications, from toprovides a selection of the most important books and articles written on this topic. The work covers regions and countries and includes many sources on such popular topics such as the Maginot Line along with lesser known fortifications such as the Salpa Line and the Swiss National Redoubt.
The defence of the 9th-century kingdom of Wessex under King Alfred against the 'Great Viking Army' is one of the major military achievements of Early Medieval history. # in Great Britain History (Books) # in Military History (Books This is a rather superb introduction and overview of fortifications in Wessex, and beyond.
It Cited by: 1. Magnificent book, dedicated to the magnificent Fortifications planned by the great military engineer of Louis XIV, Vauban, who innovates military construction so far known, making it not only defensive, with its two famous lines, but tambén by: 1.
Great Britain managed the destruction of all the Kaiser’s military fortifications. During the s and s, Heligoland again became a holiday destination, but its permanent residents still refused to become Germanic.
Once more, they played their asserted affection for Great Britain against the government in Berlin. This book, British Military Architecture in Malta, takes us further into the details of British fortification and ordnance, tracing the role of the Royal Nay in the Mediterranean, the steps that were taken to safeguard Malta when the fleet, of necessity had to be away from the place, the army stood guard in its temporary absence, and the guns.
Looking for reliable information or news facts about WW2. Do you want to create your own battlefield tour to sights of wars from the past. Or are you interested in war medals and their recipients. Our budget for ,- CZK Income so far: ,- CZK.
When war broke out between the United States and Great Britain inneither side was prepared for the conflict, as evidenced by their respective fortifications.
The most sophisticated and modern fortifications were those built by the US Corps of Engineers to protect some of the main port cities.
These included Fort Mifflin in Philadelphia, Fort McHenry in Baltimore and Castle William in. In addition to the introductory paper this volume includes 24 papers, covering selected aspects of the history of military geology from the early 19th century through the recent Persian Gulf war, military education and operations, terrain analysis, engineering geology in the military, use of military geology in diplomacy and peace keeping, and.
Medieval Fortifications is the most complete archaeological account ever published of the development, form and function of fortification in Britain between the Norman conquest and the accession of the the last forty years huge improvements have been made in the techniques of excavation and interpretation of medieval buildings.
As a result the author has been able to reconstruct in. The Beautiful Geometry of 18th-Century Forts, Built by Britain in the American Colonies. By Rebecca Onion. Jan 07 on the Great Miami River, ” Watercolor, pen and : Rebecca Onion. The Office of Ordnance in Plymouth managed the military supplies for the Citadel of Plymouth, St.
Nicholas Island, and outer line defenses near those fortifications. The first entry in the record book, dated Octolisted necessary furniture needed for two thousand men stationed at the Citadel of Plymouth: tables, cupboards, tongs. On MaBritish forces are forced to evacuate Boston following General George Washington’s successful placement of fortifications and cannons on.
The Japanese established permanent installations and military fortifications on a number of these islands, which became the scenes of violent combat with American forces during World War II.
What. Tadeusz Kosciuszko was a skilled engineer with a military education by the time he arrived in the American colonies from Poland in Offering his services.
The British Isles, it is often believed, have not been invaded for nearly a thousand years. In fact, as Norman Longmate reveals in this highly entertaining book (the successor to his acclaimed Defending the Island), foreign soldiers have landed on British soil on many this definitive study of a long-neglected subject Norman Longmate make constant use of original sources, including.
CONTACT S. Michigan Ave. Chicago, IL Phone: The book should appeal to anyone with more than a passing interest in the subject of coastal fortifications, and perhaps even provide inspiration for a bit of "concrete sniffing" on family holidays abroad. It sheds light on a forgotten part of Great Britain's Price: £Between andGreat Britain (later the United Kingdom) was the most constant of France's h its command of the sea, financial subsidies to allies on the European mainland, and active military intervention in the Peninsular War, Britain played the central role in Napoleon's downfall even as all the other major powers switched back and forth.
stichtingdoel.com - Military fortifications in Great Britain book © 2020
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Media, Light Novel, Browse
High School DxD (light novels)
High School DxD began as a Japanese light novel series written by Ichiei Ishibumi and illustrated by Miyama-Zero. The series began serialization in Fujimi Shobo's Dragon Magazine in its September 2008 issue. The first volume was released in Japan on September 20, 2008, with a total of twenty-two volumes available as of July 20, 2016 under their Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint. As of May 22nd 2020, Yen Press acquired rights to begin translating the light novels into english. With the First volume released on October 20th, 2020.
To accommodate the growing number of short stories published, a series of light novels, the DX series, that will act as a compilation was created. The first Volume under this series was released in Japan on March 10, 2015.
1 High School DxD
1.1 The Red Dragon Emperor's Awakening
1.2 Birth of the Breast Dragon Emperor
1.3 The Heroic Oppai Dragon
1.4 The Legend of Oppai Dragon and his Lively Companions
1.5 Red Dragon Emperor of the Blazing Truth × White Dragon Emperor of the Morning Star: The True Dragon(s) of the Kuoh Academy
2 True High School DxD
3 DX. Series
3.1 Extras.
High School DxD[edit | edit source]
The Red Dragon Emperor's Awakening[edit | edit source]
Novel Title
01 Diabolos of the Old School Building ISBN 978-4-8291-3326-2 September 20, 2008[1]October 20, 2020 (English)
02 The Phoenix of the School Battle ISBN 978-4-8291-3358-3 December 20, 2008[2]January 19, 2021 (English)
Birth of the Breast Dragon Emperor[edit | edit source]
03 Excalibur of the Moonlit Schoolyard ISBN 978-4-8291-3391-0 April 20, 2009[3]April 20, 2021 (English)
04 Vampire of the Suspended Classroom ISBN 978-4-8291-3427-6 September 19, 2009[4]
05 Hellcat of the Underworld Training Camp ISBN 978-4-8291-3470-2 December 19, 2009[5]
06 Holy Behind the Gymnasium ISBN 978-4-8291-3500-6 March 20, 2010[6]
The Heroic Oppai Dragon[edit | edit source]
07 Ragnarok After School ISBN 978-4-8291-3540-2 July 17, 2010[7]
08 The Work of a Devil ISBN 978-4-8291-3593-8 December 18, 2010[8]
09 Pandemonium at the School Trip ISBN 978-4-8291-3628-7 April 20, 2011[9]
10 Lion Heart of the School Festival ISBN 978-4-8291-3677-5 September 17, 2011[10]
11 Ouroboros and Promotion Tests ISBN 978-4-8291-3720-8 January 20, 2012[11]
12 Heroes of Tutoring ISBN 978-4-8291-3749-9 April 20, 2012[12]
The Legend of Oppai Dragon and his Lively Companions[edit | edit source]
Issei SOS ISBN 978-4-8291-9767-7 (w/BD Edition)
ISBN 978-4-8291-3798-7 (Regular Edition) September 6, 2012 (w/BD Edition)[13]
September 20, 2012 (Regular Edition)[14]
14 Wizards of Career Counseling ISBN 978-4-8291-3845-8 January 19, 2013[15]
Dark Knight of the Sunny-spot ISBN 978-4-8291-9768-4 (w/BD edition)
ISBN 978-4-8291-3898-4 (Regular Edition) May 31, 2013 (w/BD Edition)[16]
June 20, 2013 (Regular Edition)[17]
16 Daywalker of the Extracurricular Lesson ISBN 978-4-04-712912-2 October 19, 2013[18]
17 Valkyrie of the Teacher Training ISBN 978-4-04-070031-1 February 20, 2014[19]
18 Funny Angel of the Christmas Day ISBN 978-4-04-070127-1 June 20, 2014[20]
19 Durandal of the General Election ISBN 978-4-04-070146-2 November 20, 2014[21]
20 Belial of Career Consultation ISBN 978-4-04-070665-8 July 18, 2015[22]
21 Lucifer of the Optional Attendance ISBN 978-4-04-070666-5 March 19, 2016[23]
Red Dragon Emperor of the Blazing Truth × White Dragon Emperor of the Morning Star: The True Dragon(s) of the Kuoh Academy[edit | edit source]
22 Gremory of the Graduation Ceremony ISBN 978-4-04-070965-9 July 20, 2016[24]
23 Joker of the Ball Games ISBN 978-4-04-070963-5 March 18, 2017[25]
24 Grim Reaper of the Off-Campus Learning ISBN 978-4-04-072378-5 November 17, 2017[26]
25 Yggdrasil of the Summer Courses ISBN 978-4-04-072378-5 March 20, 2018[27]
True High School DxD[edit | edit source]
01 Welsh Dragon of the New School Term ISBN 978-4-04-072825-4 July 20, 2018[28]
Ruin Princess of the Proficiency Test ISBN 978-4-04-072825-6 December 20, 2018[29]
Sun Shower of School Trip ISBN 978-4-04-072825-6 August 20, 2019
Decisive Battle and Study Abroad in the Kingdom February 20, 2020
DX. Series[edit | edit source]
DX.1
Love Song to the Reincarnated Angel ISBN 978-4-04-070312-1 (w/BD edition)
ISBN 978-4-04-070332-9 (Regular Edition) March 10, 2015 (w/BD Edition)[30]
March 20, 2015 (Regular Edition)[31]
Worship☆Dragon-God Girl! ISBN 978-4-04-070402-9 December 9, 2015 (w/BD Edition)[32]December 19, 2015 (Regular Edition)[33]
DX.3 Cross×Crisis ISBN 978-4-04-070964-2 November 19, 2016[34]
DX.4 Student Council and Leviathan ISBN 978-4-04-072377-8 July 20, 2017[35]
DX.5 Superhero Trial ISBN 978-4-04-072378-5 March 20, 2019[36]
Extras.[edit | edit source]
1 High School DxD EX July 24, 2015 - January 27, 2016
2 High School DxD Zero July 25, 2018 - October 24, 2018
3 High School DxD: Harem King Memorial September 20, 2018[37]
↑ High School DxD Light Novel (Vol.1) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ High School DxD Light Novel (Vol.10) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ High School DxD Light Novel (Vol.13, BD Edition) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ High School DxD Light Novel (Vol.13, Reg. Edition) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ True High School DxD Light Novel (Vol.1) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ High School DxD Light Novel (DX.1, BD Edition) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ High School DxD Light Novel (DX.1, Reg. Edition) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ High School DxD Light Novel (DX.2, Reg Edition) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ High School DxD Light Novel (DX.3) at Kadokawa Shoten (Japanese)
↑ High School DxD Harem King Memorial
Retrieved from "https://highschooldxd.fandom.com/wiki/High_School_DxD_(light_novels)?oldid=235782"
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Chinese President Xi Urges an End to Violence in Hong Kong
By Global Times*
BRASILIA (IDN-INPS) – Chinese President Xi Jinping on November 14 night urged an end to violence and chaos in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), which he said is the most pressing task for the city, in his latest remarks that have been seen as a strong support for tougher actions against violent criminals.
In comments made at a meeting of major emerging markets in Brazil, Xi also stated China's determination to protect its national sovereignty and security, and opposition to external influence in Hong Kong affairs, in what analysts call a clear bid to gain understanding from the international community and warn radical elements in Hong Kong and their foreign backers.
The continuous radical violent activities in Hong Kong seriously trample rule of law and the social order, seriously disturb Hong Kong's prosperity and stability, and seriously challenge the "one country, two systems" bottom line, Xi said during the BRICS summit in Brazil, the Xinhua News Agency reported.
Xi stressed that it remains the most pressing task for Hong Kong to bring violence and chaos to an end and restore order.
"We will continue to firmly support the chief executive in leading the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government to govern in accordance with the law, firmly support the Hong Kong police in strictly enforcing the law, and firmly support Hong Kong judicial bodies in severely punishing the violent criminals in accordance with the law," Xi said.
This is the second time the president has spoken about the Hong Kong situation in the last 10 days. Xi met with HKSAR Chief Executive Carrie Lam in Shanghai on November 4, when he expressed "high degree of trust" in Lam and her governance team and "demanded unswerving efforts" to stop and punish violence activities.
In an apparent shift in wording over the evaluation of the HKSAR situation, Xi said in his remarks in Brazil that stopping violence and the chaos is the "most pressing task" instead of "the most important task," which he used during his meeting with Lam.
That could be seen as a "clear request" for the HKSAR government to end the five month-long unrest in the city, Kennedy Wong Ying-ho, solicitor of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong, told the Global Times on November 14 .
Since the beginning of the week, violence and vandalism have continued to escalate in the HKSAR, as radicals have gone out of control, beating and setting fire on people with different opinions, trashing streets, public facilities and business, attacking police officers and torching universities.
The president also stressed support to the Hong Kong police, saying the central government will "firmly support" them to strictly enforce the law.
Boosting morale
The president's support for the Hong Kong police also offered a much-needed morale boost to police officers and their families who have been under tremendous pressure from both endless work hours and unfounded criticism, according to people close to the circle.
"Personally, I have been very much touched. I feel that the country will extend a helping hand when it's necessary," the wife of a senior Hong Kong police officer, who preferred to be called May, told the Global Times on November 14 .
May said she shared the president's comment to a group of officers and families, and some police officers said that "they believe in the [central government]."
Xi's message also injected confidence in the broader Hong Kong society, according to Angus Ng Hok Ming, executive president of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Youth Association.
Some concerns and worries in Hong Kong society have been responded to now, especially to those people shaken by speculations and rumors against the HKSAR government or the "one country, two systems" principle, Ng said. "Some anti-government forces and separatists will also reconsider their behavior or even restrain their radical activities since this sounds like a final warning."
Warning to radicals
Xi said the Chinese government has unswerving determination to protect national sovereignty, security and development interests, implement the "one country, two systems" principle and oppose any external force who interferes in Hong Kong's affairs, Xinhua reported.
Such comments, which were made by the Chinese president at a multilateral meeting, were clearly aimed at the international community to gain understanding from those countries and warn foreign forces who have been hyping tensions in Hong Kong, said Li Xiaobing, an expert on Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan studies, from Nankai University in Tianjin.
"Whatever political plots foreign forces have or whether they want to sow chaos in Hong Kong are doomed to fail," Li told the Global Times on November 14 , adding that the central government will be firm in attitude and pragmatic in measures to handle the Hong Kong situation.
To state China's position on the Hong Kong situation at the BRICS summit could also win the understanding and support of major countries that Hong Kong affairs are China's core concerns related to China's sovereignty, Li noted.
In another clear evidence of the U.S, blatant interference in Hong Kong affairs, US Senator Mitch McConnell has brought up a legislation that gives Washington free rein in punishing those who it deems to have "violated human rights" in Hong Kong to the senate floor for a vote, which is the last step before U.S. President Trump could sign it into law, some media reports said on November 14 .
* This article was first published in Global Times on November 15. [IDN-InDepthNews – 16 November 2019]
Read full text of BRICS Summit Brasilia Declaration on 15 November 2019.
Photo: President Xi Jinping meets with his Brazilian counterpart Jair Bolsonaro in Brasilia, capital of Brazil, on Nov 13. Credit: Xinhua
facebook.com/IDN.GoingDeeper - twitter.com/Ineptness
Asia Editor
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<img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=476934902706690&ev=PageView &noscript=1">
National Ceiling Fan Day
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2. ELIGIBILITY. The Promotion is open only to individuals who at the time of entry (a) are legal residents of and domiciled in the fifty (50) United States or the District of Columbia, and (b) are at least eighteen (18) years of age. The following individuals are not eligible to participate: (i) employees of Kichler Lighting LLC (“Sponsor”) or Masco Corporation, any of their subsidiaries or affiliate companies, or their advertising, marketing or promotional agencies; (ii) family members (spouse, parents, siblings, children and in-laws) of any individual referred to in clause (i); and (iii) persons living in the same household (whether or not related) with any person referred to in clause (i) or (ii) above. This Promotion is subject to all federal, state, and local laws and regulations and is void (a) outside the fifty (50) United States and the District of Columbia, and (b) where prohibited by law.
3. HOW TO ENTER. There are three ways to enter this Promotion during the Promotion Period:
To enter through the Kichler Lighting Facebook fan page, visit the Kichler Lighting Facebook fan page at https://www.facebook.com/Kichler-Lighting-328816426622 (the “Kichler Lighting Facebook Page”) “Like” the Kichler Lighting Facebook Page and comment on the eligible sweepstakes social posts. Only users who “Like” the Kichler Lighting Facebook Page and “comment” on the sweepstakes posts will be eligible to win.
To enter through the Kichler Lighting Instagram page, visit the Kichler Lighting Instagram page at https://www.instagram.com/kichlerlighting (the “Kichler Lighting Instagram Page”), “Like” the Kichler Lighting Instagram Page and comment on the eligible sweepstakes social posts. Only users who “Like” the Kichler Lighting Instagram Page and “comment” on the sweepstakes posts will be eligible to win.
If you do not wish to enter the Promotion by submitting an online entry as described above, you may enter the Promotion by mailing your name and email address on a postage prepaid post card addressed to: Kichler Lighting LLC, 7711 East Pleasant Valley Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44131, Attention: Brittany Collister, National Ceiling Fan Day Sweepstakes. A mail-in entry must be post-marked before the end of the Promotion Period on September 21, 2018, and received by Sponsor on or before September 28, 2018.
All entries become the property of Sponsor and will not be acknowledged or returned. Limit one Entry per person during the Promotion Period, regardless of the means of entry. Entries will not be acknowledged or returned. Proof of sending or submitting an Entry will not be deemed proof of receipt by Sponsor.
4. AGREEMENT TO OFFICIAL RULES. Your participation in this Promotion constitutes your full and unconditional agreement to and acceptance of these Official Rules and the decisions of the Sponsor, which are final and binding. Winning a prize is contingent upon fulfilling all requirements set forth herein.
5. SELECTION OF POTENTIAL PRIZE WINNERS. On or around, September 29 2018, six (6) potential winners (potential “Prize Winners”) will be selected in a random drawing from among all eligible Entries received. There will be a total of six (6) Prize Winners Odds of winning depend on the total number of eligible Entries for the drawing. A purchase will not increase the chances of winning.
6. NOTIFICATION AND REQUIREMENTS OF POTENTIAL WINNERS AND GRAND PRIZE WINNERS. Each potential Prize Winner will be initially contacted either via their Facebook or Instagram account or via email, will be required to provide a mailing address, and may also be required to sign and return an Affidavit of Eligibility, Liability and Publicity Release (except where prohibited by law) and/or an IRS W-9 Form within seven (7) calendar days of notification by Sponsor. Prizes won by persons who are eligible entrants but considered minors in their state of residence may be awarded to a parent or legal guardian, who must execute and return all required documentation outlined herein and otherwise comply with all requirements imposed on a winner. The prize may be forfeited and may be awarded to another entrant who is randomly selected if (i) any prize notification or any prize is returned as undeliverable, (ii) Sponsor is unable to contact a potential winner within five (5) days of the first attempt to contact him or her, (iii) a potential winner fails to provide his or her contact information within seven (7) calendar days after notification by Sponsor or fails to return an Affidavit of Eligibility, Liability Release and Publicity Release and/or an IRS W-9 Form within the time specified above, (iv) a potential winner is determined by Sponsor, in its sole discretion, to be ineligible, (v) a potential winner declines the prize, or (vi) a potential winner is otherwise not in compliance with these Official Rules. Sponsor is not responsible for any delay in awarding any prize.
Winner’s entry and acceptance of the prize constitutes permission (except where prohibited) for Sponsor and its designees to use, at Sponsor’s sole discretion, the winner’s name, photograph, likeness, statements, biographical information, voice and address (city and state), for advertising, promotions and other purposes in all forms of media, worldwide in perpetuity, without additional notice, permission or further compensation.
7. PRIZES AND APPROXIMATE RETAIL VALUE (“ARV”). Each of the six (6) Prize Winners will receive: either one (1) Zeus ceiling fan with an approximate retail value of $777, OR one (1) Colerne ceiling fan with an approximate retail value of $825, selected by the Prize Winner. The maximum aggregate ARV for all prizes is $4,950.
Each prize is nontransferable and non-refundable and must be accepted as awarded. All applicable taxes (including federal, state, and local income taxes for U.S. winners), duties, and the like, if any, are the sole responsibility of the prize winner. No cash substitution, assignment, redemption for cash, or transfer of prize by winner is permitted; however, Sponsor reserves the right, in its sole and absolute discretion, to substitute any prize described herein, or any portion thereof, with an alternative of equal or greater value. Winner shall not be entitled to the difference between the stated ARV and the actual price of the prize selected.
8. GENERAL CONDITIONS. In the event of a dispute as to the identity of an online entrant, the authorized account holder of the email address used to enter, will be deemed to be the entrant, but only if such person meets all other eligibility criteria. “Authorized account holder” of an email address is defined as the natural person who is assigned to an email address by an internet access service provider, on-line service provider, or other organization (e.g., business, educational institution, etc.) that is responsible for assigning email addresses for the domain associated with the submitted email address.
Sponsor reserves the right at its sole discretion to disqualify any individual who tampers or attempts to tamper with the entry process or the operation of this Promotion; violates the Official Rules; acts in an unsportsmanlike or disruptive manner; or acts with intent to annoy, abuse, threaten or harass any other person; or who Sponsor suspects has engaged in any of the foregoing. Sponsor reserves the right to cancel, terminate or modify this Promotion if it cannot be completed as planned for any reason, including without limitation for infection by computer virus, bugs, tampering, unauthorized intervention, technical failures, corruption of any sort or any other matter beyond Sponsor’s control. In such event, Sponsor will award the prizes from among all eligible entries received prior to cancellation.
9. RELEASE & LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. As a condition of entering this Promotion, each entrant agrees, and as a condition of being awarded a prize, each winner agrees, to the maximum extent permitted by law, to release, indemnify and hold harmless Sponsor and Masco Corporation, their respective subsidiaries or affiliate companies, their advertising, marketing or promotional agencies and each such company’s respective officers, employees, directors, representatives and agents and all others associated with the development and execution of this Promotion (individually and collectively, the “Released Parties”), from and against any and all liabilities, claims, actions, lawsuits, judgments, costs and expenses, damages of any kind whatsoever, injuries, or losses to persons or property arising from or relating to, in whole or in part, this Promotion, submitting an entry or otherwise participating in any aspect of this Promotion, the receipt, ownership, possession, use or misuse of any prize awarded, or any actual or alleged breach by entrant of these Official Rules.
10. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. Entrants acknowledge that the Released Parties have not made and are not in any manner responsible or liable for any warranty, representation or guarantee, express or implied, in fact or in law, relative to the prize, including, but not limited to, its quality or fitness for a particular purpose. The Released Parties are not responsible for: (a) lost, interrupted, inaccessible or unavailable networks, servers, satellites, Internet Service Providers, websites, or other connection, availability or accessibility problems arising in connection with or over the course of this Promotion; (b) failed, jumbled, scrambled, delayed, or misdirected computer, telephone or cable transmissions or hardware, software or technical malfunctions, failures or difficulties; (c) errors of any kind relating to or in connection with this Promotion, whether human, mechanical, clerical, electronic, or technical in nature, including, but not limited to, errors which may occur in connection with the administration of this Promotion, the processing of entries, the announcement or notification of any winner or prize or the cancellation of this Promotion; (d) damage to a user's system occasioned by participation in this Promotion or downloading any information necessary to participate in this Promotion; (e) incomplete, illegible, misdirected, damaged or lost entries; or (f) failed, incorrect, inaccurate, incomplete, garbled or delayed electronic communications, whether caused by the sender, by any of the equipment or programming associated with or utilized in this Promotion. If the Kichler Lighting Facebook Page or Kichler Lighting Instagram Page go down for any reason, or if Sponsor is unable to accept entries, Released Parties are not responsible, but Sponsor will make a good faith effort to remedy the problem as quickly as possible or Sponsor may terminate this Promotion. By entering this Promotion, you waive (to the maximum extent permitted by law) the right to claim any punitive, consequential, incidental, special, exemplary, or indirect damages of any kind and any and all rights to have damages multiplied or otherwise increased.
11. Dispute Resolution. If there is any conflict between any promotional material and these Official Rules, the provisions of these Official rules shall prevail. The resolution of any dispute shall be within Sponsor’s sole discretion. As a condition of entering this Promotion, except as prohibited by law, you agree that: (a) all causes of action arising out of or connected with this Promotion, or any prize awarded, shall be resolved individually, without resort to any form of class action; and (b) any and all claims, judgments, and awards shall be limited to actual out-of-pocket costs incurred, but in no event attorneys’ fees or court costs. All issues and questions concerning the construction, validity, interpretation and enforceability of these Official Rules, your rights and obligations, or the rights and obligations of Sponsor in connection with this Promotion, shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law rules (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdiction), which would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of New York.
12. PRIVACY POLICY. To see how Sponsor may use personal information obtained in connection with this Promotion, see Sponsor’s Privacy Policy at http://www.kichler.com/customer-service/privacy-policy.aspx.
13. WINNERS’ LIST. For the names of the winners, available approximately two weeks after the end of the promotion, visit https://www.facebook.com/Kichler-Lighting-328816426622/. The winners will be announced in the comments on the sweepstakes posts.
14. SPONSOR. The Sponsor of this Promotion is Kichler Lighting LLC, 7711 East Pleasant Valley Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44131- 8010.
By entering this Promotion, each participant acknowledges that this Promotion is in no way sponsored, endorsed or administered by, or associated with Facebook or Instagram. Participants agree to release Facebook and Instagram from all liability related to this Promotion. Participants understand that they are providing their own information to Kichler Lighting LLC and not to Facebook or Instagram.
©2018 Kichler Lighting LLC. All rights reserved.
© 2018 Kichler Lighting LLC. All Rights Reserved. The majority of newer Kichler fixtures are U.S. and Canadian Patent Pending.
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Open letter: Data use protections for NZ COVID Tracer
The content below has been reproduced from a 5 January 2021 post on Andrew Chen’s blog.
Watch: Andrew discusses the letter in an interview with 1News
News articles on January 4/5 2021 reported that the Singaporean government had done a U-turn on the data use protections around their TraceTogether system for digital contact tracing. The government had previously stated that the data would “never be accessed unless the user tests positive” and that it would only be used for contact tracing purposes. However, they confirmed in Parliament that TraceTogether data could “be used for criminal probes” by the Singapore Police Force. The BBC reported that the data had been used once already in a murder investigation.
In some discussions with legal academics, we had previously identified a gap in the New Zealand legislation around NZ COVID Tracer as well, but there were more pressing concerns at the time. Now that the Singaporean precedent has been set, I felt it was appropriate and necessary to highlight the issue with the New Zealand government in the hopes that legislative protections could be put in place to further protect the privacy of individuals and give people confidence that our government agencies could not misuse this data. It is a relatively low risk in New Zealand, but it would be better to have stronger protections than to rely on assurances.
Dear Hon Chris Hipkins and Director-General of Health Ashley Bloomfield,
cc Privacy Commissioner John Edwards, Deputy Director-General of Health (Data and Digital) Shayne Hunter
I write to bring your attention to data protections around the use of data generated/collected through the NZ COVID Tracer app (subsequently also referred to as “the app”).
By way of brief introduction, I am a Research Fellow with Koi Tū: The Centre for Informed Futures at The University of Auckland. I have been following the development of digital contact tracing around the world, particularly in New Zealand and how our government has implemented our version of this tool. I have had some informal conversations with the Ministry of Health about the design and use of the app, but have no financial relationship. The views in this letter are my own and may not reflect those of my employers.
Trust in government is one of the critical factors that influences the uptake rate of digital contact tracing tools (also identified in Vaithianathan et al, 2020: https://csda.aut.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/382743/PolicyPrimerFINAL.pdf). The power imbalance between the state and individual persons leads to understandable concerns about privacy and the potential use or misuse of personal information. A Ministry of Health research report into contact tracing technologies from October 2020 showed that a significant proportion of individuals held “concerns about being tracked by Government/privacy issues”.
Digital contact tracing tools collect significant amounts of personal information. These tools can be considered surveillance, but justified by the current health crisis. The New Zealand approach mitigates surveillance concerns by using a decentralised architecture, leaving location information (via QR codes) and interaction information (via Bluetooth Tracing) on the device until it is needed for contact tracing purposes. This approach helps protect the privacy of users, and is the predominantly favoured approach around the world.
However, in NZ there is little protection against this information being used for other purposes once it has been collected by a government agency from the device. There is a concern that Police or intelligence agencies could seek a warrant for a phone and then take NZ COVID Tracer data off that phone (e.g. QR code scans as a record of where the persons has been). The recent NZ Police Assurance review of emergent technologies shows that Police have the technical tools and capability to search cellphones for data (https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/429896/audit-reveals-new-tech-tools-in-police-s-digital-armoury). While the Singaporean context is obviously very different to ours, recent reports set a worrying precedent around how a government might repurpose data collected for contact tracing towards other applications (https://www.zdnet.com/article/singapore-police-can-access-covid-19-contact-tracing-data-for-criminal-investigations/).
I acknowledge that the Ministry of Health states on their website and in the Privacy Statement for the app that “Any information you register with the app will never be used for enforcement purposes. It also won’t be shared with another government agency unless that agency is directly involved in the COVID-19 response and sharing the information is necessary for public health purposes during the pandemic.” However, this is a one-way statement from the Ministry of Health to the user, and does not limit the powers or interactions of other government agencies. There are interactions with other pieces of legislation such as the Privacy Act 2020, the Search and Surveillance Act 2012, and the Civil Defence National Emergencies (Information Sharing) Code 2013.
To help mitigate the identified risks and provide further confidence to the people of New Zealand that their privacy is protected, I recommend that you clarify, in legislation, that data collected through NZ COVID Tracer can only be used for contact tracing purposes. Defining it in this way would not limit a particular agency from using the information (e.g. NZ Police), but would restrict their use of the data to be only for the specific purpose.
This could be similar to the Privacy Amendment (Public Health Contact Information) Act 2020 in Australia (https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2020A00044), which clarifies who is and who isn’t allowed to use “COVID app data” or “COVIDSafe data”, and for what purposes. These protections have meant that intelligence agencies who incidentally collected data from COVIDSafe on phones had to delete that data and could not use it (https://www.itnews.com.au/news/covidsafe-data-incidentally-collected-by-intelligence-agencies-in-first-six-months-558129). These protections could be introduced as an amendment to the COVID-19 Public Health Response Act 2020, or appropriate delegated/subordinate legislation.
In addition, I am of the opinion that it would be helpful to define an endpoint for when data collection through NZ COVID Tracer will end, or alternatively define a process through which the endpoint will be decided. This would also include defining a condition or a point in time when data that the government has collected will be destroyed (or fully anonymised and retained for research purposes).
As a New Zealand citizen, I have been proud to see our response to COVID-19 and how we have been able to maintain our freedoms relative to many places around the world. I view digital contact tracing as a tool that may help us continue to keep ourselves safe, and therefore encourage individuals and the government to utilise this tool in a responsible way. Clarifying the usage of data collected through this tool, across all of government, could help improve confidence and trust, therefore improving uptake and potential effectiveness of the app. I thank you for your time in reading this letter, and would appreciate a response about the planned actions on this topic. I would be happy to engage in further discussion on this topic (and I am Wellington-based).
Ngā mihi nui,
Dr. Andrew Chen
This letter has been reviewed by A/Prof Dean Knight from Victoria University of Wellington’s Faculty of Law, who shares similar sentiments.
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Lease Space
UH Technology Bridge
Houston Innovation
UH Surges in Inventions
The University of Houston’s innovative faculty have continued to be recognized for their inventions, having made the list to the Top 100 Global University Systems for U.S. Utility Patents again this year, ranked at 75.
In fiscal year 2019-2020, UH faculty patented 40 technologies, topping the number of patents issued from the previous year, a historical high for the University. But in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, 24 disclosures have been filed and 13 patents issued, setting UH up for a possible record year.
“There is a lot of intellectual activity at the University of Houston – these numbers don’t even begin to tell the story,” said Chris Taylor, executive director of the Office of Technology Transfer and Innovation, who has restructured his office after taking on the role last spring to better support technology commercialization across the University.
“The UH faculty are intrinsically innovative. We have been focused on improving our processes and our outreach to help support faculty through this process,” he added.
Taylor’s main focus now is to educate more faculty about protecting, commercializing and licensing their technologies with the ultimate goal of driving more disclosures.
“You can’t get to the patents or the licensing income without this very important first step – and many faculty don’t know where to start,” he said. “We want to shift the thinking and culture around protecting faculty IP to be a "forethought" from the beginning of their projects rather than an "afterthought" when they believe they have created something innovative and worth protecting.”
Although his team is just kicking off their campus roadshow to engage faculty in the technology transfer process, Taylor said he is seeing good things.
“Most of our patents come from engineering, natural sciences and pharmacy, but we’re beginning to see disclosures from other colleges so we’re hoping to see some of these numbers start to skyrocket.”
Technology Bridge
The Office of Technology Transfer and Innovation
UH Division of Research
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March 30, 2014 newswires No comments
A slow recovery after heroin overdose
K.C. Myers, Cape Cod Times, Hyannis, Mass.
By K.C. Myers, Cape Cod Times, Hyannis, Mass.
McClatchy-Tribune Information Services
March 30--TAUNTON -- On a steamy July night last year, Lori Gonsalves watched a priest administer last rites to her son.
"It was like I was watching a scene from a movie," Gonsalves said.
Later she called in a group of about 30 from Cory Palazzi'sNarcotics Anonymous meeting, who were holding a vigil outside Falmouth Hospital.
They stood in a circle around his bed.
"I wanted them to see this is what can happen if you go back to drugs," she said.
Palazzi, 26, of Taunton, didn't die. He woke from a coma after almost a week. But he would never be the same.
Palazzi, former captain of the Taunton High School varsity baseball team and National Honor Society member, suffered brain damage from a heroin overdose on July 15.
Today the young man, who was once accepted into the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth's selective nursing program, has trouble making decisions. He is legally blind because of cognitive impairment, and can barely grip a baseball because of compromised motor skills.
He walks with a limp, and speaks slowly, as if each word requires a moment of thought. All because of heroin.
"We want people who are using to know you cannot always be shot with Narcan and be OK," said Gonsalves, referring to the overdose reversal medication. "You can overdose and have disabilities that will be there for the rest of your life."
Palazzi lives with his mother and stepfather in Taunton, where the U.S. "drug czar" R. Gil Kerlikowske spoke recently about the need to stop the number of fatal opiate overdoses, which have exceeded 185 statewide between November and February not including Springfield, Worcester and Boston.
For every fatal overdose, there are an estimated 47 who survive, according to a 2007 report by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
No statistics exist on how many suffer a brain injury related to an overdose, said Rob Traister, director of communications at the Brain Injury Association of America.
Total U.S. emergency room visits related to drug use between 2004 and 2011 have risen 52 percent, or by about 844,000 visits, according to the U.S. Drug Abuse Warning Network, or DAWN.
Alcohol, cigarettes and drugs cost America $510 billion in resources and lost productivity, according to a 1999 study by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Lost productivity -- that is, lifetime wages lost because of early death or acute and chronic illness or injury -- made up two-thirds of these costs.
Palazzi falls into this category. He cannot work.
Gonsalves said she avoids thinking of what her son could have been.
"I don't look back; I just look forward."
Cape Cod Times video: Cory Palazzi Talks about Heroin Overdose
'I WAS SICK ALL THE TIME'
Palazzi began using Percocet when he was 17. A doctor prescribed it after surgery on his shoulder.
"After the surgery, I couldn't throw," he said. Palazzi grieved the sudden end to his baseball future. At college, he drank a lot.
"I was sick all the time from drinking, and so I took oxycodone to help me feel better," Palazzi said. "It made me feel invincible."
At one point, Palazzi said he would take up to 20 oxycodone pills a day, which cost several hundred dollars. The need for money infected every part of Palazzi's being.
"I stole my grandfather's wedding ring and pawned it," he said.
"He hurt the people he loved the most," Gonsalves added.
Palazzi began using heroin when he was 21. By the time he was 25, he had been to 10 to 15 detoxification hospitals.
His stepfather is a middle school teacher, and his mother works for a home and auto insurance company. Their health insurance paid only for five to seven days of treatment, Gonsalves said.
Now, however, insurance pays nearly all his medical bills, which easily have exceeded $500,000, Gonsalves said.
After each detox, Palazzi would come home to the same triggers and drug dealers. Last year the family decided to spend $7,000 out of pocket to send Palazzi to long-term residential care for 30 days at the Miller House, run by Gosnold on Cape Cod in Falmouth.
At first, it appeared the treatment worked, Gonsalves said. After the Miller House, Palazzi moved into a new sober home in Falmouth. But then neighbors complained about the sober home, and it closed abruptly, scattering Palazzi and other residents.
He landed at another sober house, this one in East Falmouth.
He relapsed once the night he left the first sober home, but because he was on Vivitrol, an opiate blocker medication, he could not get high and instead became violently ill, he said.
"That was the beginning of the end," his mother said.
FROM REJOICING TO REHAB
The second sober house had less strict rules than the first. About six weeks after getting out of the Miller House, Palazzi traveled to Taunton to visit his family.
He also bought heroin.
Back in his sober home, he locked his door.
"I don't know why I used. I cannot remember," he said.
"I remember waking up in the hospital with a ventilator down my throat."
"His roommates knew he was up to something because the door was locked," Gonsalves said.
They could hear him making noise, like gurgling. Friends broke down the door and dragged him outside. Because he was choking on vomit, someone turned him on his side and cleared his airway.
No one knows how long Palazzi went without breathing, but by the time Falmouth paramedics gave him Narcan, which displaces the narcotics from the opiate receptors in the brain, damage had already set in, Gonsalves said.
It generally takes five minutes without oxygen for permanent brain damage to occur.
"I got a call from his roommate," Gonsalves said. "He said he was bad, not breathing."
This was followed by another call, 10 to 15 minutes later, from Falmouth Hospital.
"They asked my religion," she recalled.
For four or five days Palazzi lay in a medically induced coma. Falmouth Hospital nurses and doctors were incredible, Gonsalves said.
They saved his life by icing down his body to reduce the swelling in his brain.
Gonsalves sat by his bed for days. She read him the book that was once his childhood favorite, "Love You Forever" by Robert Munsch.
"I'll love you forever,
I'll like you for always,
My baby you'll be," it begins.
One day Palazzi opened his eyes. His family rejoiced.
He slowly regained some of his skills after another week in the hospital and months of rehabilitation.
Palazzi's days are now spent going from speech to physical and occupational therapy, as well as substance abuse counseling.
Though his speech, vision and motor skills have improved, no one knows how much he will recover.
Palazzi still dreams about drugs "all the time. It's in my unconscious," he said.
He has not seen any of his dealers since July. But if he did, Palazzi would have one concise statement.
"Look what you did to me."
(c)2014 the Cape Cod Times (Hyannis, Mass.)
Visit the Cape Cod Times (Hyannis, Mass.) at www.capecodonline.com
Distributed by MCT Information Services
Wordcount: 1193
The impact of Obamacare in Berks County
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Immigration and Efficiency
Headed to Arizona for T-day holiday so the mind turns toward immigration reform.
To restate the overstated, there’s a real opening for comprehensive reform coming off of the election.
The President has made it a priority for term two, many D’s are surely ready to consolidate their electoral advantage, and some R’s recognize that it would be politically damaging not to board this train. (I heard one R pollster after the election claim that going after immigrants was like smoking to Republicans—they know it will kill them but they do it anyway.)
The politics are, of course, the sine qua non here—there will be no reform absent some alignment of political stars that has eluded thus far. But I’m here to talk about the economics.
These can be divided into a few bins: the impact of immigration on the incomes of domestic workers who compete with immigrants; the fiscal impact; the macro impact (I’ll get back to this soon in the context of this post). And along with these big questions, there are distinctions like undocumented immigrants and their kids who are here already versus those who want to come to America.
I plan to write numerous posts on these topics in coming weeks, but for this first one, I’d like to focus on one: undocumented workers already here within our borders.
My motivation grows out of a discussion I had with a friend in the food industry. He is clearly a good, ethical employer who abides by the law. But he also lives in some measure of fear that he’s unknowingly hiring illegal workers. He runs the required checks but is aware of their fallibility. He doesn’t use E-Verify much (it’s not required in VA in the private sector), in part because he’s heard about the false positives, but in no small part because he doesn’t want to be at a competitive disadvantage against other employers who don’t bother with it.
He told me of many cases of excellent employees—some who’d been with him for a while—disappearing when a check came back with a question mark or when ICE authorities came around.
This is highly inefficient and I really don’t see the upside. Evidence is surely sketchy, but I don’t believe we can hassle people into self-deportation, certainly not in significant numbers. All we’re doing with the current shadow dance is creating more uncertainty, inefficiencies, and nervousness in the job market, and typically in sectors dominated by small or medium-sized businesses with tight margins.
I don’t have any way to quantify the waste involved with this dynamic—I’m stuck at the level of anecdote. But I guarantee you that in areas with lots of immigrant workers, employers waste a lot of money on turnover, covering their butts (e.g., outsourcing hiring/subcontracting), and underinvesting in their workforce that could be avoided if we had a rational policy in place.
Don’t get me wrong. As my friend stressed, there’s nothing good about illegal hires. But employers like him are at the mercy of a broken system. And when the Feds take a pass on the issue, it’s perfectly legitimate for the states to come in and fill the gap. That’s by no means an endorsement of the harsh, anti-immigrant measures adopted in some states like the one I’m jetting to as we speak. But I get their rationale.
So, in the name of workplace efficiency—to ease the uncertainty among employers hiring questionable applicants and to avoid costly turnovers and high vacancy rates in vulnerable businesses, we should accept the fact that the folks who are here are mostly staying here, as are their kids, who should have Dream-Act-style access to the same public services as my kids.
I just read that the Texas Republican party platform includes the following: “Mass deportation of these individuals [undocumented workers] would neither be equitable or practical.” And that’s from Texas Republicans…
As the President has already stressed, such benefits should come with explicit costs (fines), and should be paired with border security measures. It makes no sense to contemplate immigration reform if we can’t control the flow.
But a smart place from which to start is to throw out the idea introduced in the recent Republican presidential primary that we can hassle people into going away—the history of immigration in America clearly shows this to be ineffective—and work toward integrating the families that are here. And not just because we’re a nation of immigrants and all that sentimental stuff. But for hard-nosed efficiency reasons.
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Categories: Economic Growth, Immigration, New Posts | 17 Comments »
17 comments in reply to "Immigration and Efficiency"
Nick Batzdorf says:
If the only problem with illegal immigrants is their competitive advantage, the only solution I see is to eliminate their competitive advantage: set a realistic minimum wage and focus our energies enforcing it, rather than harassing people who appear to fit a certain “profile.”
And that’s just for openers – there are many collateral advantages.
Employers who knowingly employ illegals do so because they can evade payroll taxes, unemployment taxes, minimum wage rules, overtime rules, OSHA rules, and state and local taxes.
It would take a lot of adjusting to erase that advantage.
There are employers, as Jared pointed out, who try to comply and are nervous about the results.
Once we tell people (employers and employees)they do not have to obey the law, we get a guaranteed mess.
Right, but everything we’ve tried so far is a fool’s errand: adding more and more border patrol agents (and putting them at ever greater risk), creating 700-mile-long erections, passing “dry hate” laws, advising people to self-deport…it’s all beyond absurd.
I say train those ICE people in accounting and let them audit books instead of making life even more miserable for those poor, poor people. Plantation owners won’t run away when they show up.
A realistic minimum wage is a great idea in any case, not just for these people. According to Dean Baker, the minimum wage would be almost $20 today if it had kept pace with inflation and productivity increases since the late ’60s.
Do you plan to publish a How-to-talk-to-your-crazy-uncle at Thanksgiving post again this year? That’s an entertaining read.
Jared Bernstein says:
Good point–I’ll try. What with the election, I’ve been stuck in those arguments 24/7 for awhile but the holiday’s approach and we must prepare!
Australia and France manage with $15+ minimum wages for adults, so the competitive advantage disappears when you must pay everyone a living wage, but that assumes there are no folks “working under the table” at rates lower than everyone else just to get a job or avoid deportation by a malevolent employer.
Tom in MN says:
All this is treating symptoms, if you really want to be efficient you treat the fundamental problem. The real long-term solution is to help Mexico (and other countries) become a good place to live and work. We don’t have this problem with Canadians for a good reason. All the money we spend on dealing with symptoms should be instead invested in Mexico. This also covers money spent on dealing with the drug problems that are also related to Mexico. Having a failed state on your border is expensive in many ways and building fences is not the answer.
Yes, part of the solution is to export jobs to Mexico, but globalization is going to happen anyways, so we might as well have the jobs go nearby where they benefit us in other ways. You were just in Mexico, so I’d be interested in your insights into what would help.
dougfir says:
Our area experienced an ICE raid at the meat-packing plant in the valley. (All ten plants the company owned in two states were raided that day. About 10% of the total workforce was deported as a result. Try to tell me the company didn’t know they were hiring illegals…but I digress). A year later, the brown-skinned people still in the valley were still hiding from the law, fearing they would be deported as well, even if they were legal. Families were ripped apart (ICE won’t deport children with the parents to keep families together), moms and dads went to work and never came home with no explanation, leaving small children who hopefully had trustworthy extended family or neighbors to go to.
And this is a case where the company and the employees were paying all required payroll taxes, etc. All the employees also had “documentation” although my son who worked there said it was sometimes not very well forged and easily detected if anyone cared. But jobs needed to be staffed and legal workers tend not to like gutting cows and other such jobs if there are any alternatives.
The argument that there are jobs that Americans don’t want to do – and so we need foreigners to perform – has a built in economic fallacy.
If an employer cannot attract an engineer (or economist) at $8 an hour, he raises the pay until someone decides it is worthwhile to take the job. The same should be true of jobs requiring stamina, patience, or stalwart effort, but not just education.
Cutting meat, for example, is a skilled and dangerous job. The answer is to pay more for disagreeable work, not cheat the system with undocumented workers. The pay has to increase until it reaches the level that creates demand among applicants. That’s true capitalism.
I wouldn’t cut meat for $7.25 an hour, but at $40 it starts to make sense, and at $100 an hour the line would be a mile long. And if that raised the price of meat, so be it. Our American society is not about living on the cheap, but instead maintaining fairness and justice in all spheres, including compensation.
Kevin Rica says:
Bravo Fred! Well said!
Regarding the Texas platform, this was actually the subject of a recent New Yorker article (not sure if you’ve read it). Basically, an influential contingent in Texas recognizes the need for a party that is friendlier to Hispanic interests if they are to maintain Texas as a red state. However, that contingent expressed a bit of doubt as to whether the national party would follow suit. Hopefully though, this could be a rare high-profile issue where Dems and Republicans can work together to create useful public policy. Republicans talk a big game about a prosperous America, and this is an issue that is directly related to making that happen.
Richard A. says:
What Republicans want are expanded guest worker programs to put downward wage pressure on labor. Bravo for the AFL-CIO in their opposition to these Republican anti-labor guest worker schemes.
I can think of nothing more logically inconsistent than “the government can’t enforce immigration laws — too complicated” and “the government can enforce all social protections and minimum wage laws.”
Either the government is incapable of enforcing the laws, in which case, immigration is inevitable; or it is capable of enforcing the laws, in which case, taxes are inevitable.
There is another irreconcilable inconsistency in the modern pseudo-Democratic position on immigration.
Those arguing that minimum wage laws do not cause unsustainable increases in unemployment must argue that labor market supply and demand are inelastic: prices don’t cause large quantity changes (and vice versa).
Those who argue that mass immigration does not seriously depress wages must assert that labor market supply and demand are elastic: prices cause large quantity changes (and vice versa).
Can’t technically reconcile those two things. It’s like saying that you are for motherhood and against sex.
But there is no question that if you try to combine mass immigration and serious minimum wage laws — you just get mass unemployment – whatever assumptions you make about elasticities. (If you know how to use supply and demand curves — try it! — there is only one possible outcome of combining the two.) That’s why the immigrants brought to France on the dishonest pretext that that their labor was needed — riot and burn cars because they can’t find work.
Don’t bother to argue that they can’t find work because of “discrimination.” Discrimination is unfair competition. If you claim discrimination you are just admitting that the immigrants came to compete for the same jobs as the natives.
Besides – the minimum wage is a poverty-level wage. Enforce the minimum wage laws (which don’t even apply to many industries –like seasonal agricultural labor) that attract illegal immigrants and people will still be poor and without health insurance. Too many people and not enough jobs!
But if all the illegal immigrants ever did leave for one reason or another – and you would have a labor shortage. Read a freshman economic textbook – labor shortages cause an increase in the general wage level. Employers simply have to compete to attract the available labor force.
Romney was lucky – he lost the election and is not trapped in his campaign lies.
But woe to the victor – his frauds are exposed!
Signed — A Truman Democrat (and the other two surviving Truman Dems both agree with me!)
I’m not sure why it’s logically inconsistent to believe that some laws are unenforceable while others aren’t.
And I question those assumptions about the effects of a higher minimum wage. People would have more money to spend, which creates more jobs, not fewer. Tax revenues would increase. Some prices would go up, but that would be offset in a progressive way (the people with the higher minimum wage would now be in a better position to pay the higher prices, while richer people can already afford to).
I guess the Malthusian argument about higher wages attracting more immigrants makes sense, but my intuition is that it’s not right.
Your first point is well-taken. I happen to believe that both laws are enforceable, but immigration laws are much easier to do.
Checking employment records for false or stolen social security numbers is relatively easy. As soon Simpson-Mazoli went into effect, the Social Security Administration started noticing discrepancies in its records and started generating “no match letters.”
The Chamber of Commerce went to court to block use of no match letters for workplace enforcement a few years ago. The Chamber of Commerce was not there to raise its labor costs. Same story on e-verify; the people who want to block it are not afraid that it will be ineffective. They are worried that it will work.
On the other hand, enforcing minimum wage laws, whether miserly or generous requires lots of inspectors and constant monitoring. It can work if the penalties for violations are serious enough and if a LOT of resources. I support it, but it’s the more difficult of the two to enforce.
However, the “Law of Supply and Demand” is self-enforcing – which is why the Chamber of Commerce fears it when it is allowed to work for their employees. That is why they scream for more “guest workers” or “essential workers” whenever a “shortage of labor” (the mechanism that drives wage increases in a market system) threatens.
But you seem to be confused about the supply & demand model. What you call my ASSUMPTIONS are the RESULT of the standard supply demand exercise applied to a simultaneous increase in a binding minimum wage and the labor supply. My point is that the increase in unemployment is invariant with respect to the assumptions. Since the number of jobs is fixed by the minimum wage, every new worker will cause a one-for-one increase in unemployment. That is a result.
Unemployment is the biggest inefficiency and waste possible. It’s will resources (people) left idle and on public assistance.
If all the illegals went home, your food-industry buddy would still be in business (we’d still have to eat wouldn’t we?), wages would be higher. (It’s amazing how many “progressives” want people to get paid higher wages but aren’t eager for employers to pay higher wages. What is it about transitive verbs that they don’t get?).
So obviously American unemployment would be decline. Just different people and different complexions at the work stations. Some of those complexions would even belong to that group of people that the immigration lobby hints darkly are too lazy work hard. Others would be that complexion that the immigration lobby hints brightly are too stuck up to work hard. And of course others, as David Card tells us will, will have the same complexion — just an earlier version and will make more money. (Many people think it’s OK for that complexion to earn less because their station in life is to earn less money. That’s why they came.) It pays to know the race code of the immigration lobbyist.
But less unemployment is less inefficiency.
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Jukebox Junior
November 29, 2011 2011 Top 20 Singles Leave a comment 2011cher lloydmike posnermusicreeboksurkintop 20 singleswith ur love
[19] Cher Lloyd featuring Mike Posner, ‘With Ur Love’
Soft, cuddly Cher. That’s not what we divvy shits signed up for. Still, it works and she keeps that fruity attitude in her vowels just in case we thought she was getting too silky. Frankly, I’d prefer some upfront rolling beats to boost the “FIGHTING… LIKE IT” bits in the verse – muscle it up, give it some brassy punch – but otherwise ‘With Ur Love’ is compact and sweet, a pop song crammed with ideas.
Junior’s pleased to see it beat Surkin: “This gets *thumbs up*. The one before gets *thumbs down*. I like the sound.” Mind you, Junior 2 says, “I don’t like this one, I like the one when we went to swimming.” If you don’t know what she’s talking about, you weren’t there. I don’t think I was.
Quite what Posner’s doing there though, I’m not sure. “First date, first base, second date, second base, third date… heeheehee…” Heeheehee? HEEHEEHEE? The least we expect is “third date, hefty kick to the balls from a size 5 Reebok hi-top”. Sort it out, Cher.
https://jukeboxjunior.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/03-with-ur-love-feat-mike-posner.mp3
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Last edited by Shakagore
7 edition of Throne of Council found in the catalog.
Throne of Council
Artemis OakGrove
by Artemis OakGrove
Published June 1991 by Alyson Publications .
Modern fiction,
Fiction - General,
Fiction / Science Fiction / General
Throne Trilogy
A Game of Thrones Box Set. Readers fatigue - the malady most feared by book lovers - is common to so many long series. Never A Song of Ice and Fire, 's is a story as broad as it is lengthy with action, scope and intrigue so, when embarkling on . Throne of Glass has 19 reviews and 15 ratings. Reviewer booklover wrote: im so sad *spioler Alert book 2 - 3 ish* celeana stops whatever the romance she was having with dorian and falls inlove with choal in the next book. seriusly i am someone who likes the romances in the book only if i /5(15).
Someone requested more information on what Storms thinks about Revelation Here is a section from his work on how to understand “thrones” in Revelation 20 (posted with permission). “Thrones” in Revelation 20 and the Millennial Debate Sam Storms John could hardly have been more explicit concerning the location, and therefore the nature, of the millennial rule of the saints when he. Find out more about the major differences between A Song of Ice and Fire fantasy books and HBO's adaptation for TV. Game of Thrones books vs show. A Song of Ice and Fire books. George R. R. Martin's book series A Song of Ice and Fire is widely recognized as one of the most ambitious and encapsulating epic fantasy sagas of all time.
There is an alternate cover edition for this ISBN13 here. Enter the world of Throne of Glass Experience the vivid imagery of Sarah J. Maas's expansive world in her breathtaking New York Times bestselling Throne of Glass saga. Celaena on the rooftops of Rifthold, Chaol in the gardens of the glass castle, Manon riding her wyvern through the Crossing, and many other favorite mo/5. Here's Who Ended Up on the Throne in the Game of Thrones It was left up to a council of the lords and ladies of Westeros to decide who would rule over the realm. this in his A Song of Ice Author: Megan Mccluskey.
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Throne of Council by Artemis OakGrove Download PDF EPUB FB2
Throne of Council book. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. Book by OakGrove, Artemis/5(7). Throne of Council (LADY WINSTON SERIES) Paperback Throne of Council book October 1, by Artemis Oakgrove (Author)Author: Artemis Oakgrove.
: Throne of Council: Volume Three of The Throne Trilogy (Lace Publications) (): Artemis OakGrove: Books4/5(3). Buy a cheap copy of Throne of Council (Lady Winston Series) book by Artemis OakGrove. Free shipping over $ COVID Resources.
Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus.
So the throne and its foundation, or resting place, was made of blue sapphire. Ezekiel had seen this throne earlier as he wrote the first chapter of his book. However, here the NASB translators render eben sappiyr as “lapis lazuli,” which is also a blue stone but which lacks the clarity of sapphire.
Ezekiel 1. The Book of Brothers, informally called The White Book, is the tome that records the deeds of every knight who has ever served in the three hundred year history of the Kingsguard.
The book is kept in the Red Keep in the White Sword Tower, where the knights of the Kingsguard have their sleeping cells.
The book is in the uppermost floor of the tower in the room where the seven meet. It is the. SARAH J. MAAS is the #1 New York Times and internationally bestselling author of the Throne of Glass series, as well as the Court of Thorns and Roses series. Her books are published in over thirty-six languages.
A New York native, Sarah lives in Pennsylvania with her husband and dog. (K). The East Is Coming. PHP Agency Inc. Is a national Throne of Council book services marketing company founded in by Patrick Bet-David.
Our mission is to save America by bringing back free enterprise and hope to families. The East Division of the company is growing exponentially. We want you to experience the growth and the benefits of our company. A Game of Thrones is the first novel in A Song of Ice and Fire, a series of fantasy novels by the American author George R.
was first published on August 1, The novel won the Locus Award and was nominated for both the Nebula Award and the World Fantasy Award. The novella Blood of the Dragon, comprising the Daenerys Targaryen chapters from the novel, won Author: George R.
Martin. The book given to the prophet by the messenger from the heavenly council is another motif of the call Gattung that derives from ancient Near Eastern origins, a motif that enjoyed widespread popularity. 36 Georg Widengren, who wrote probably the most extensive study to date of the heavenly book, states, “Few religious ideas in the Ancient Near East have played a more important role than the notion of.
Sarah J. Maas is the #1 New York Times and internationally bestselling author of the Court of Thorns and Roses and the Crescent City series, as well as the Throne of Glass series. Her books are published in thirty-seven languages.
A New York native, Sarah lives. George R. Martin's A Game of Thrones 5-Book Boxed Set (Song of Ice and Fire Series): A Game of Thrones, A Clash of Kings, A Storm of Swords, A Feast for Crows, and A Dance with Dragons.
by George R. Martin. Add to Wishlist. The Lands of Ice and Fire (A Game of Thrones) by George R. Martin. Add to Wishlist. Read an excerpt of this book. The Royal Council of the Throne of Cambodia (Khmer: ក្រុមប្រឹក្សារាជបល្ល័ង្ក, French: Conseil royal du trône du Cambodge) is a nine-member council of Cambodia responsible for selecting the Cambodian monarch.
It was established by the constitution on 24 September The small council is a body which advises the King of the Six Kingdoms and institutes policy at his command.
It is the inner (thus "small") council of the King, essentially forming the "government cabinet" of the Seven : The Red Keep, King's Landing. The following is a list of differences between Season 1 of the television show Game of Thrones and the material from which it is adapted —mostly the first novel of the A Song of Ice and Fire series, A Game of Thrones.
Winter Is Coming The TV series starts with three rangers of the Night's Watch going beyond the Wall. In the book, they have already been ranging for days., In the book, the.
And before the throne was a golden altar. This is called the Congregation (assembly). The name arrives from the many which stand before it, a number unnumbered because of the multitudes in attendance.
This Council is mentioned several other times where it is called the Congregation. Here we see an example, or small picture of the Divine Council. The twenty-four elders that John saw surrounding the throne of God in Revelation are part of the Council of God.
The Council (sode) is mentioned. But here's a secret: A Game of Thrones can be broken down into three stories: (1) The longest part of this book tells how the noble Stark family deals with conspiracy and court politics in the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, with particular emphasis on Eddard Stark, the father and leader of the noble family.
In the United Kingdom, the Accession Council is a ceremonial body which assembles in St James's Palace upon the death of a monarch (Demise of the Crown), to make formal proclamation of the accession of the successor to the the terms of the Act of Settlementa new monarch succeeds proclamation merely confirms by name the identity of the heir who has.
A Game of Thrones, the first installment in the George R.R. Martin’s eventually seven installment fantasy book series entitled “A Song Of Fire and Ice”. A Game of Thrones, like the following book in the series, illustrates the unfolding epic fantasy story which takes place on the continent of Westeros.
While the story is written within a.Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for is an adaptation of A Song of Ice and Fire, George R.
R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is A Game of show was both produced and filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Filming locations also included Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta No.
of episodes: 73 (list of episodes).The Empty Throne America's Abdication of Global Leadership American diplomacy is in shambles under Trump, but beneath the daily chaos is an erosion of the postwar order that is even more dangerous.
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Dr. Phil Millage is President of Inspire Executive Coaching, LLC, and his focus is helping others (primarily executives) discover their gifts, talents and abilities. As a talent developer, Dr. Millage has found whenever people have clarity about their talents, they can determine a clear vision for their future.
The focus of Phil's career has been to employ his strength of "Ideation" in helping his clients improve career satisfaction, increase job engagement and thus, secure business success. Phil's mission is always to advance both the people and organizations he serves.
There is no question that experience is essential for one to be a successful talent developer and coach. Phil believes he has learned the most by collaborating with executives rather than as a result of his academic pursuits. Phil has coached hundreds of business executives. He has successfully started and managed several companies and held a Vice President or higher position in seven organizations.
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Kutztown University Art Department to Host Virtual International Conference Celebrating Anniversary of Pope Gregory XV
Kutztown University's Department of Art is hosting a virtual international conference Friday, Feb. 5, celebrating the 400th anniversary of the election of Alessandro Ludovisi as pope. The conference will have pre-recorded presentations and a live Q&A s...
Jan 19, 2021, 9:00am EST
More than 2,325 students have been named to the Fall 2020 Dean's List at Kutztown University. To be eligible for the Dean's List, an undergraduate student must be registered for at least 12 credits and have a minimum grade point average of 3.60. Stu...
Kutztown University Announces Two Free Alumni Courses for Spring 2021
Kutztown University, in conjunction with the Kutztown University Foundation (KUF), offers free online courses for all alumni of the university. Registration for the 2021 spring semester alumni classes is now open. This spring's classes include: ...
Jan 7, 2021, 9:00am EST
Kutztown University Radio (KUR) has been nominated in two programming categories for the 81st annual Intercollegiate Broadcasting System (IBS) Awards, to be announced in March. KUR has been nominated for Most Innovative/Creative Programming for "Mel...
Jan 5, 2021, 1:45pm EST
Air Products Foundation Grant Provides Scholarships for Minority and Female Communication Studies Students at Kutztown University
Kutztown University is one of three local colleges to receive scholarship funds from the Air Products Foundation. This grant award, totaling $50,000, will provide 10 scholarships for minority or female students from three local colleges. "Air Produc...
Dec 17, 2020, 2:05pm EST
Kutztown University's Quinones Named to PSAC's Social Justice Task Force
Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) Commissioner Steve Murray announced Wednesday the creation of a Social Justice Task Force, including Kutztown University's Melinda Quiñones, director of Multicultural Services. The group will represent a br...
The Kutztown University Council of Trustees approved the candidates for degrees in preparation for KU's Fall 2020 Virtual Commencement to highlight the Council's December virtual board meeting Thursday afternoon. Nearly 475 students will be awarded ...
Kutztown University Fall 2020 Virtual Commencement Set for Dec. 12
Nearly 475 students will be awarded degrees during Kutztown University's fall virtual commencement at 9 a.m., Saturday, Dec. 12. Dr. Kenneth S. Hawkinson, university president, and Dr. Anne Zayaitz, provost and vice president for Academic Affairs, will...
Dec 8, 2020, 9:00am EST
Kutztown University graduated its first cohort of students from its Bachelor of Social Work program through its partnership with Reading Area Community College (RACC) in May 2020. Students who earn an Associate in Arts in social work at RACC can earn a...
Dr. Carole Wells, Kutztown University's vice provost and dean of Graduate Studies, has been named the university's interim provost and vice president for Academic Affairs, effective Jan. 3, 2021. The appointment was announced today by Dr. Kenneth S. Ha...
Nov 16, 2020, 9:00am EST
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Dr. Lilliana Saldaña Steps Down
Estimadas MALCSistas:
After a two-year term as Associate Editor for Chicana/Latina Studies, Dr. Lilliana Saldaña announced her resignation effective July 1, 2019:
“I would like to inform you that I will no longer be serving as Associate Editor of Chicana/Latina Studies: The Journal of Mujeres Activas en Letras y Cambio Social, effective July 1st, 2019. Over the past year, the Mexican American Studies, African American Studies, and Women Studies programs at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) have undergone major transitions and have transitioned into a new department, the Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department. I have been tapped to serve as Program Coordinator for the Mexican American Studies program beginning this summer.”
As a result of a wonderful opportunity to play a fundamental role in shaping an innovative and intersectional department at the UTSA, Dr. Saldaña has stepped down from her position to have the necessary time and energy to ensure her new department flourishes.
I want to take this opportunity to thank Lilliana for her tireless efforts to maintain the feminist principles and mission of Chicana/Latina Studies. She was instrumental in producing the most recent four issues (Vol. 17 #1, Vol. 17 #2, Vol. 18 #1, and Vol. 18 #2) and I would like to acknowledge her contributions.
Over 40 manuscripts have been submitted to the journal since June 2017, when she and I assumed the Lead Editor and Associate Editor positions. Together, Lilliana and I read each of those, carefully assessing them for alignment with the journal mission and their potential to contribute to the field of Chicana/Latina feminist studies. We divided the task of providing thoughtful and thorough feedback to each of them. Lilliana was painstaking in her appraisal providing encouragement, resources, and critical questions to our contributors. She was a wonderful collaborator on four editorial statements, taking care to situate the corresponding scholarship in the sociopolitical context of the time. She helped to supervise our graduate and undergraduate student staff, modeling feminist praxis in our meeting spaces. She also recruited all the artists featured in the last four issues. From tapping into existing networks of existing artists, to establishing contact with emerging artists, Lilliana ensured we featured a range of artwork for our readers. She was a wonderful spokesperson for the journal, speaking and tabling at both regional and national conferences about Chicana/Latina Studies in order to increase awareness about its unique and prestigious mission. We also co-authored a chapter about feminist editorial praxis for El Mundo Zurdo, using “Anzaldúa’s concepts/theories of nepantla, spiritual activism, conocimiento, and the Coyolxauhqui imperative to describe and make sense of our work, particularly by understanding our role as nepantla editors.” She will continue to offer her insights as a member of the Chicana/Latina Studies Colectiva, which is a body of about 10 Chicana/Latina scholars who will serve as readers for new manuscripts submitted to the journal.
Lilliana’s important imprints left not only a mark in the history of Chicana/Latina Studies, but also on me, as I learned much about being an editor, scholar, and student of Chicana Feminist scholarship from her. Te lo agradezco, Lilliana, as do our readers.
As a result of this change, I will assume the role of Editor for Chicana/Latina Studies, and will continue to work with Patricia Trujillo, Creative Writing Editor; and Larissa Mercado-Lopéz, Book Review Editor while Chicana/Latina Studies is housed at UTSA.
Thank you for your continued support of the journal. Please remember to send a selfie of yourself with the Spring 2019 issue of the journal to journal@malcs.org to be featured on our social media, and as always #CiteaMALCSista.
You are here: Home / Letters / From the Editors / Dr. Lilliana Saldaña Steps Down
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Aquaman: A Celebration of 75 Years
CELEBRATE 75 YEARS OF THE KING OF ATLANTIS!
Though often overshadowed or overlooked, Aquaman is among the greatest and most enduring characters in the DC Universe. The King of Atlantis is one of the few Golden Age characters to survive into the present day. He's also a founding member of the Justice League, the first DC hero to start a family and soon will star in his own big-screen franchise.
From the lighthearted swashbuckling adventures of Aquaman's early decades, through the loss of his son (not to mention his hand), to his modern reinvention as a formidable master of the sea, this collection provides a crash course in more than seven decades of DC history!
AQUAMAN: A CELEBRATION OF 75 YEARS collects 400 pages of the iconic hero's finest moments—from his first appearance by Mort Weisinger and creator Paul Norris to his modern-day adventures—and features the work of such comics superstars as Geoff Johns, Ivan Reis, Jim Aparo, Steve Skeates, Peter David, Ramona Fradon, Paul Levitz, Nick Cardy and more.
Superman: A Celebration of 75 Years
When Superman debuted seventy-five years ago, it was not merely the beginning for one character, but for an entire genre. The phrase "super hero" had yet to be coined when ACTION COMICS #1 hit newsstands in 1938, but once Superman entered the scene, effortlessly lifting a car above his head on that first iconic cover, the character paved the way for each of the hundreds (if not thousands) of super
Lex Luthor: A Celebration of 75 Years
An unprecedented celebration of the world's ultimate super-villain, featuring work from comics legends Jerry Siegel, Joe Shuster, Bill Finger, Curt Swan, Dick Sprang, Len Wein, John Byrne, Brian Azzarello, Lee Bermejo, Grant Morrison, Frank Quitely, Geoff Johns, Doug Mahnke and more. For 75 years, super-villain Lex Luthor has dedicated his life to ridding Earth of the menace that is Superman.
Robin, The Boy Wonder: A Celebration of 75 Years
So it has been with Batman and his partner in crime, Robin for seventy-five years. The Boy Wonder’s spunk and color balance against the Caped Crusader’s seriousness and gloom to create a perfect partnership, a Dynamic Duo. Though Batman has always needed a Robin, it hasn’t always been the same Robin. Many different crimefighters have taken up the name and costume, from jovial Dick Grayso
Two-Face: A Celebration of 75 Years
Part man and part monster, Two-Face has been one of Batman's greatest and most fearsome villains for more than 75 years! He's an essential part of the Dark Knight's rogues gallery, but unlike the Joker, Scarecrow or Bane, Two-Face alone has some good left inside his soul fighting his evil persona—half the time, anyway. Chaos or order. Life or death. Tragic fallen attorney or scar-faced fiend. It
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Les Eaux du Tour
The waters of the Tour de France
Stage 4: Reims – Nancy
July 9, 2019 / Will
The last kilometer of the stage took us along the Meurthe River in Nancy. Like other urban rivers in industrial regions, the Meurthe has a significant history of pollution. The Meurthe’s big problem is salt, a byproduct of the soda ash factories established upstream of Nancy.
The Solvay Plant at Dombasle. (source)
Soda ash is another name for sodium carbonate, which is an important industrial chemical. It is used, for instance, to make soda-lime glass, which is made into glass bottles. Soda ash was originally made by burning a plant called saltwort. But demand for soda ash incentivized several efforts to manufacture soda ash that culminated in the work of the Belgian chemist Ernst Solvay. His process combines sodium chloride, in the form of a brine solution, with carbon dioxide, generated by heating limestone, in the presence of ammonia. In 1864, Solvay built a factory just outside Charleroi to make with his process. By 1874, the Solvay company was looking to expand, and they decided to situate their new factory in Lorraine, where extensive salt deposits could be mined to supply the brine they needed. They chose Dombasle for their new location, right on the Meurthe upstream of Nancy.
The first reaction in the Solvay Process produces ammonium chloride as a byproduct. This ammonium chloride is then reacted with the lime (calcium oxide) left over from heating the limestone to make ammonia, which is reused in the first step, and calcium chloride, which is disposed of by discharging it into the river through a set of settling basins, which are the most visible aspect of the soda ash production along the Meurthe.
Settling basins along the Meurthe. (source: Jeroen Komen, CC-BY-SA 2.0)
There was initially some opposition to the Solvay factory, as some were concerned about the effects of the calcium chloride discharges into the Meurthe, which supplied Nancy’s drinking water. However, Nancy found other sources of drinking water and began to discharge sewage into the Meurthe in the 1880s (Garcier 2007), so that the chloride discharges were no longer of much concern to the citizens of Nancy.
Salinization of freshwater rivers is a global issue that significantly affects the integrity of these ecosystems (Cañedo-Argüelles et al. 2013). The salinity gradient along the Meurthe formed by the accumulation of chloride from the soda ash plants has been shown to decrease the diversity of macroinvertebrate communities (Piscart et al. 2005).
← Stage 3: Binche – Épernay
Stage 5: Saint-Dié-des-Vosges – Colmar →
Cover image from Rouleur
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The CourtroomInternational Courts
PCA Decides in the Enrica Lexie Case that India Cannot Try Italian Marines
By Pankhuri Swarnim
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Supreme CourtAdhiti Sharma - January 20, 2021 0
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The present report had been filed by the Official Liquidator for the dissolution of M/s AtRo Limited under the...
High CourtEkjot Kaur - January 19, 2021 0
High CourtSiddhi Nagwekar - January 19, 2021 0
Mr. Shakkiya filed a Writ Petition under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution to issue a Writ of Mandamus....
Pankhuri Swarnim
On February 15, 2012, two Indian fishermen were killed off the coast of Kerala. They were aboard the St. Antony. Furthermore, as per India’s allegations, two Italian marines killed the Indian fishermen. The former were aboard the Italian-flagged commercial oil tanker MV Enrica Lexie. Therefore, right after the incident, the India navy seized the MV Enrica Lexie. Furthermore, the two Italian marines were detained without any formal charges. They got to leave temporarily, early in the year 2013.
In January 2015, as per an official resolution by the European Parliament, such a detention was deemed violative of basic human rights. It provoked a lot of diplomatic tensions between India and Italy. There was also a conflict of opinions. Questions raised revolved around the legal jurisdiction and functional immunity between both the governments.
The incident also highlighted the practice of commercial shipping using armed guards. Following the same, Italy and India also suffered commercial consequences.
Consequent Proceedings
Initially, the Kerala Government was trying the two Italian accused. But, the Italian government severely opposed. Furthermore, the Italian Consul General in Mumbai filed a petition in the Kerala High Court. But, the submission was that Kerala Police lacked authority to conduct the investigation.Questions raised included India’s jurisdiction to try the case.
Thus, the contention was that the incident had occurred beyond Indian territorial waters. Furthermore, eventually the appointment of an independent United Nations court also took place. Hence, the aim was to resolve the conflict of jurisdiction. However, the dispute was finally referred to International arbitration.
The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
On June 26, 2015, the arbitral proceedings began under UNCLOS. The United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea. Italy served on India a “Notification under Article 287 and Annex VII, Article 1 of UNCLOS and Statement of Claim and Grounds on which it is based.”. There was constitution of an ad-hoc tribunal to settle the disputes between the nations.
The resultant proceedings were as follows:
11 December, 2015:
Italy filed a “request for the Prescription of Provisional Measures” (Article 290, Paragraph 1 of the UNCLOS).
26 February, 2016:
India submitted “Written Observations of the Republic of India”.
29 April, 2016:
A public hearing was held in the Peace Palace. The Peace Palace is the seat of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The Arbitral Tribunal adopted an order in respect of Italy’s request.
As per procedure, parties even exchanged written pleadings.
30 September, 2016:
Italy filed its Memorial.
India submitted its Counter-Memorial. India presented counter claims. It raised objections to the Tribunal’s jurisdiction and the admissibility of Italy’s claims.
26 November, 2018:
The Arbitral Tribunal underwent a change.
8 July, 2019- 20 July, 2019:
The Peace Palace held the hearing. It addressed the jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal. Furthermore, the discussion included merits of Italy’s claims and India’s counter-claims.
The Final Arbitral Award
On July 2, 2020, the Hague-based PCA published an extract of the final award. A five-bench Arbitral tribunal decided the case. “Marines are entitled to immunity in relation to the acts that they committed…” Their status as State Officials operated as an exception to the jurisdiction of the Indian Courts. The Tribunal said. It asked India to “take the necessary steps to cease to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over the Marines”. The Tribunal relied on Italy’s commitment to criminally investigate into the events.
The Tribunal had observed that both the nations had concurrent jurisdiction over the incident. But, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs responded to this setback. The tribunal acknowledged that, even so, the conduct of the Indian authorities under the UNCLOS was valid. But, the Tribunal had also observed that both the nations had concurrent jurisdiction over the incident.
Thus, eventually, India was entitled to payment of compensation. Compensation included the loss of life, physical harm, material damage to property and moral harm suffered by the deceased . But, it was the only relief that the Tribunal granted to India.
A majority of 3-2 passed the decision. India’s P.S. Rao and Patrick Robinson of Jamaica cast negative votes .In addition to them, Italy’s professor, Francesco Francioni, South Korea’s Jin-Hyun Paik Korea and Russia’s Vladimir Golitsyn were the members of the Tribunal.
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654 F. 2d 147 - Alcoa Steamship Company Inc v. M/v Nordic Regent
654 F2d 147 Alcoa Steamship Company Inc v. M/v Nordic Regent
70 A.L.R.Fed. 847
ALCOA STEAMSHIP COMPANY, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant,
M/V NORDIC REGENT, Her boilers, tackle, machinery and other
appurtenances in rem, and Norcross Shipping Co.,
Inc., as her Owner, in personam,
Defendants- Appellees.
No. 1558, Docket 78-7054.
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
Originally Argued April 4, 1978;
Decided Aug. 31, 1978.
Petition for Rehearing Submitted to the Panel Sept. 18, 1978;
Decided Jan. 10, 1979.
Petition for Rehearing En Banc Submitted to the En Banc
Court April 2, 1979;
Decided Feb. 25, 1980.
J. Ward O'Neill, Gordon W. Paulson, Emil A. Kratovil, Jr., and Haight, Gardner, Poor & Havens, New York City, for plaintiff-appellant Alcoa Steamship Company, Inc.
Hollis M. Walker, Jr., Richard A. Corwin, Vera E. Weinberg, and Walker & Corsa, New York City, for defendants-appellees N/V Nordic Regent and Norcross Shipping Co., Inc.
Douglas A. Jacobson, Robert S. Burrick, and Bigham, Englar, Jones & Houston, New York City, for American Institute of Marine Underwriters, Amicus Curiae.
Before KAUFMAN, Chief Judge, FEINBERG, MANSFIELD, MULLIGAN, OAKES, TIMBERS, GURFEIN,* VAN GRAAFEILAND and MESKILL, Circuit Judges.
TIMBERS, Circuit Judge (with whom KAUFMAN, Chief Judge, FEINBERG, MANSFIELD, MULLIGAN and MESKILL, Circuit Judges, concur):
We have before us for en banc reconsideration an appeal from a judgment entered in the Southern District of New York, William C. Conner, District Judge, 453 F.Supp. 10 (S.D.N.Y.1978), which conditionally dismissed an admiralty action on the ground of forum non conveniens.
The essential question presented is what is the proper standard for determining a motion to dismiss an admiralty action on the ground of forum non conveniens when the action has been brought by an American resident libelant in a United States district court and when there is an alternative forum abroad.
For the reasons below, we hold that the proper standard is that set forth by the Supreme Court in Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 330 U.S. 501 (1947), and recently adhered to by our Court in Farmanfarmaian v. Gulf Oil Corp., 588 F.2d 880 (2 Cir.1978). The district court properly applied that standard in the instant case. It held in the exercise of its discretion, after carefully balancing the relevant factors, that conditional dismissal on the ground of forum non conveniens was warranted. Since we hold that the district court applied the proper standard and we find no abuse of discretion on its part, we vacate the judgment and opinion of the panel on rehearing, 654 F.2d 169, and affirm the judgment of the district court.I.
The facts relevant to this appeal are simple and straightforward.1
Shortly before midnight on January 2, 1977, the M/V Nordic Regent ("the vessel") collided with a transfer station ore pier owned by Alcoa Steamship Company, Inc. ("Alcoa") located in Port Tembladora, Trinidad, West Indies, causing, according to Alcoa's claim, an estimated $8,000,000 of damage to its pier. At the time of the collision, the vessel was under charter to Alcoa as an ore carrier. The vessel was owned by the Norcross Shipping Co., Inc. ("Norcross"), a Liberian corporation. Alcoa is a New York corporation engaged in business here and abroad.
Alcoa claims that the collision was due chiefly to the failure of the master of the vessel to take on a local pilot before entering the harbor, as required by Trinidad and Tobago statutory law. See Empire Transport, Inc. v. United States, 524 F.2d 1, 5 (2 Cir.1975). Apparently the master was informed by radio that a pilot would meet the vessel at a point about one-half mile from the harbor. The pilot was not there when the vessel arrived. Rather than waiting for the pilot, the master proceeded into the harbor without a pilot and attempted to tie up at the pier on his own. The collision between the vessel and the pier resulted.
Alcoa commenced the instant admiralty action in the Southern District of New York to recover the property damage to its pier in Trinidad claimed to have resulted from the alleged negligence of the vessel and its master. Alcoa named as defendants the M/V Nordic Regent and its owner, Norcross. Process was served on Norcross through its general agent in New York. Norcross moved to dismiss the action on the ground of forum non conveniens.
The district court took the motion to dismiss on submission, based on the pleadings, affidavits and briefs of the parties--a practice long recognized as acceptable and followed from time immemorial in the busy Southern District of New York in determining forum non conveniens motions. E.g., Koster v. Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., 330 U.S. 518, 531 (1947); Vanity Fair Mills, Inc. v. T. Eaton Co., 234 F.2d 633, 645 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 352 U.S. 871 (1956).
On January 17, 1978, Judge Conner filed a thoughtful, concise opinion, 453 F.Supp. 10, which set forth in detail the contentions of the respective parties and carefully balanced the factors which should be considered in applying the doctrine of forum non conveniens under Gilbert, supra.2 This was the crux of the judge's decision:
"This Court is persuaded that the lack of a substantial nexus between this controversy and the Southern District of New York combined with the inconvenience and possible prejudice to the defendant resulting from retention of jurisdiction here--which substantially outweigh any inconvenience plaintiff may suffer--renders this an inappropriate forum; an evaluation of the contentions of the parties compels the conclusion that the litigation of this case can be conducted most expeditiously and inexpensively in Trinidad." 453 F.Supp. at 12.
Accordingly, defendant's motion to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens was granted--but not unconditionally. The judge imposed two important conditions which are best stated in his opinion:
"Finally, dismissal will not leave plaintiff without any remedy. Defendant has agreed to submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of Trinidad as a condition of dismissal of this suit; moreover, defendant has already commenced a suit in Trinidad which establishes its presence there for purposes of suit by plaintiff. Defendant has also offered a letter of guaranty that a Trinidadian judgment will be satisfied and agreed that this may be made a condition of the dismissal of this action. ....
... [D]efendant's motion to dismiss is granted, subject to reinstatement in the event that defendant shall fail to submit to jurisdiction in Trinidad with respect to the subject matter of this action and execute the guaranty of satisfaction of judgment described above." Id. at 13.
From the judgment entered on Judge Conner's opinion, Alcoa appealed, resulting in the two panel decisions referred to above, note 1, supra, and the instant en banc proceeding which is directed to the second panel decision.
With the foregoing brief summary of the facts and prior proceedings in mind, we shall consider in the remainder of this opinion (1) the applicability to admiralty actions of the Supreme Court's Gilbert standard, as reaffirmed by our Court in Farmanfarmaian, for determining motions to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens; (2) whether the admiralty nature of the action or the American citizenship of the plaintiff justifies creating a special rule of forum non conveniens; and (3) whether the district court in the instant case, in conditionally dismissing the action on the ground of forum non conveniens, abused its discretion under the Gilbert standard.
We turn first to the applicability to admiralty actions of the Supreme Court's Gilbert standard, as reaffirmed by our Court in Farmanfarmaian, for determining motions to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens.
(A) GILBERT
For more than three decades, Justice Jackson's opinion in Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 330 U.S. 501 (1947), has been recognized as the leading authority on forum non conveniens. That case involved an action commenced in the Southern District of New York by a Virginia plaintiff against a Pennsylvania corporation to recover damages caused by a fire in a warehouse located in Lynchburg, Virginia. Acknowledging that a court "may resist imposition upon its jurisdiction", 330 U.S at 507,3 the Supreme Court, in reversing our Court, approved the district court's dismissal of the action on the ground of forum non conveniens. In doing so, the Court set forth the factors to be considered by the trial court, in the exercise of its discretion, in determining whether to grant or deny a motion to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens.4 These are precisely the factors which the district court below evaluated before conditionally granting the instant motion to dismiss. 453 F.Supp. at 11-13.
Gilbert recognized that "unless the balance [of convenience] is strongly in favor of the defendant, the plaintiff's choice of forum should rarely be disturbed." 330 U.S. at 508. The decision also made clear that more than the private convenience interests of the litigants--and much more than the plaintiff's subjective intent--should be considered by the federal courts in acting on forum non conveniens motions. The interests of justice and court efficiency also must be weighed.
The standard of Gilbert is thus a twofold one--involving both the court's public interest concerns and the private interests of the parties. As one commentator put it, the Gilbert standard "nicely blends" considerations of harassment by the parties with a balancing of conveniences. Braucher, note 3, supra, at 923.
On the same day that Gilbert was decided, Justice Jackson announced the opinion for the Court in another forum non conveniens case. Koster v. Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., 330 U.S. 518 (1947). In that case, a derivative action commenced in the Eastern District of New York by a New York plaintiff against Illinois defendants, the Supreme Court, in affirming our Court, again approved the district court's dismissal of the action on the ground of forum non conveniens. In doing so, the Court stated:
"Where there are only two parties to a dispute, there is good reason why it should be tried in the plaintiff's home forum if that has been his choice. He should not be deprived of the presumed advantages of his home jurisdiction except upon a clear showing of facts which either (1) establish such oppressiveness and vexation to a defendant as to be out of all proportion to plaintiff's convenience, which may be shown to be slight or nonexistent, or (2)make trial in the chosen forum inappropriate because of considerations affecting the court's own administrative and legal problems. In any balancing of conveniences, a real showing of convenience by a plaintiff who has sued in his home forum will normally outweigh the inconvenience the defendant may have shown." 330 U.S. at 524 (emphasis added).
Contrary to appellant's argument before us, we do not believe that the Court's decision in Koster establishes a standard other than that of Gilbert for derivative actions, which in turn appellant urges should be expanded for the benefit of American resident libelants in admiralty actions. Justice Jackson's opinion in Koster gives no hint of such a departure from Gilbert. Indeed, the factors weighed by the Koster court are precisely those of the public and private tets--judicial administration and harassment--discussed in Gilbert. The Court in Koster of course recognized that "[t]he complexities and unique features of [derivative] actions, however, are relevant to the forum non conveniens issue...." 330U.S. at 522. This bespeaks not advocacy of a separate test for derivative actions but a pragmatic application of the general equitable principles outlined in Gilbert. In short, we believe that Koster should be read as a consistent, pragmatic application of Gilbert, rather than an exception to it.5
(B) FARMANFARMAIAN
Hardly a year ago, our Court had occasion to consider the matter of forum non conveniens. We concluded that American citizenship alone is not a barrier to dismissal on the ground of forum non conveniens and that Gilbert still provides the controlling standard. Farmanfarmaian v. Gulf Oil Corp., 588 F.2d 880 (2 Cir.1978).
In Farmanfarmaian, which was decided before the recent change of government in Iran, an Iranian citizen commenced an action in the Southern District of New York for breach of a contract with an Iranian subsidiary of various American and European oil companies. Plaintiff also claimed tortious interference with contract rights. The contract was entered into in Iran. It involved an option to purchase an Iranian company. Evidence relating to the breach, and particularly to the role of the Iranian government, was in Iran. Iranian law was to govern. Although plaintiff was a foreign national, his suit nevertheless presented squarely the question of the district court's power to remit an American plaintiff to a foreign forum. This was so because a bilateral treaty between the United States and Iran granted Farmanfarmaian "access to [this] country's courts on terms no less favorable than those applicable to nationals of the court's country." 588 F.2d at 882, citing 8 United States Treaties and Other International Agreements 900, 902-03 (1957). For the purpose of the forum non conveniens motion, therefore, the courts were obliged to, and did, apply the same forum non conveniens standard as would have been applied if Farmanfarmaian were an American citizen.
In an opinion by Judge Feinberg, the Court affirmed the dismissal of the action on the ground of forum non conveniens. It follows, if this recent decision of our Court means anything, that American citizenship is not an impenetrable shield against dismissal on the ground of forum non conveniens.
Aside from our concern for the preservation of a uniform standard for determining forum non conveniens motions, Farmanfarmaian demonstrates another policy reason for adhering to a uniform standard, namely, not to run afoul of treaty obligations of the United States. We maintain Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, or similar agreements, with dozens of foreign nations. Many include "no less favorable" treatment clauses like the one found in the Iranian treaty addressed in Farmanfarmaian.6 The approach urged upon us by appellant--requiring a showing of vexation before an action may be dismissed on the ground of forum non conveniens when the plaintiff is an American citizen--would leave the federal courts on the horns of a difficult dilemma if the action involved a plaintiff who is the beneficiary of such a treaty clause. the courts either would be obliged to apply this same vexation standard to foreign nationals who are the beneficiaries of such clauses, thus barring dismissal for all practical purposes and crippling the concept of forum non conveniens, or they would have to do violence to our treaty obligations which of course are paramount under the Constitution. Under the approach we take today--adhering to the simple uniform standard of Gilbert in all instances--this problem will not arise.
We turn next to a consideration of whether the admiralty nature of the action or the American citizenship of the plaintiff justifies creating a special rule of forum non conveniens. We hold that they do not.
(A) ADMIRALTY NATURE OF ACTION
There is neither reason nor authority for creating an exception to the general forum non conveniens standard established in Gilbert simply because the case invokes the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction of the court. Our Court consistently has applied the Gilbert standard in reviewing dismissals on the ground of forum non conveniens in admiralty cases. Fitzgerald v. Texaco, Inc., 521 F.2d 448 (2 Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1052 (1976): Frangiskatos v. Konkar Maritime Enterprises, 471 F.2d 714, 715 (2 Cir.1972) (per curiam); Grammenos v. Lemos, 457 F.2d 1067, 1074 n. 5 (2 Cir.1972); Fitzgerald v. Westland Marine Corp., 369 F.2d 499, 501 (2 Cir.1966) (Kaufman, J.). Accord, Paper Operations Consultants Int'l, Ltd. v. SS Hong Kong Amber, 513 F.2d 667, 671 (9 Cir.1975); Yerostathis v. A. Luisi, Ltd., 380 F.2d 377, 378 (9 Cir.1967); Texaco Trinidad, Inc. v. Astro Exito Navegacion S.A., 437 F.Supp. 331, 333 (S.D.N.Y.1977); Bernuth Lembcke Co. v. Siemens A/G, 1976 A.M.C. 2175 (S.D.N.Y.1976); Transomnia G.m.b.H. v. M/S Toryu, 311 F.Supp. 751, 752 (S.D.N.Y.1970). See also Norwood v. Kirkpatrick, 349 U.S. 29, 36 n. 1 (1955) (Clark, J., dissenting) (treating Gilbert, Koster and Canada Malting, infra, as manifestations of a single doctrine of forum non conveniens).
Ironically--in view of the special rule of forum non conveniens for admiralty actions urged by appellant--it is in the field of admiralty that our federal courts have applied the doctrine of forum non conveniens most flexibly and over the longest period of time. Bickel, The Doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens as Applied in the Federal Courts in Matters of Admiralty, 35 Cornell L.Q. 12 (1949); Braucher, note 3, supra, at 920-21. Forum non conveniens has been applied by our federal courts in admiralty actions for almost 180 years. See, e.g., Willendson v. Forsoket, 29 F.Cas. 1283 (D.Pa.1801) (No. 17,682). The Supreme Court has approved its application in admiralty actions for many years. Canada Malting Co. v. Paterson Steamships, Ltd., 285 U.S. 413 (1932); Charter Shipping Co. v. Bowring, Jones & Tidy, Ltd., 281 U.S. 515 (1930); The Belgenland, 114 U.S. 355 (1885).
The readiness of the courts to apply the doctrine of forum non conveniens in maritime cases has stemmed in part from admiralty's equitable nature, see Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, supra, 330 U.S. at 513-14 (Black, J., dissenting), and in part from the absence of the usual venue requirements.7 In most other areas, venue statutes for many years were expected to perform the function of case distribution. In admiralty, where no such statutes are applicable, forum non conveniens grew up instead. The anomalous result urged upon us by appellant would be this: whereas areas with venue statutes have been recognized as appropriate for the application of liberal forum non conveniens rules, one of the few areas without effective venue requirements--admiralty--would be stripped of an important means of controlling its allocation of cases.8 In view of the concentration of admiralty litigation in this Circuit, the burden this would impose on the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York would be considerable.
In short, admiralty and maritime law, far from being an exception to the general body of law on forum non conveniens--as appellant suggests--actually is its source.
(B) AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP OF PLAINTIFF
The trend of both the common law generally and admiralty law in particular has been away from according a talismanic significance to the citizenship or residence of the parties.
(1) The Common Law Generally--The State Courts
Few areas of the law have experienced such a dramatic recent evolution as the doctrine of forum non conveniens. Responding as it has to changed circumstances with the flexibility that has long typified the common law, the doctrine today must adapt to a world whose nations--and litigants--are growing more closely linked by bonds of commerce and culture.
In 1955 Justice Clark could find but a single jurisdiction, Scotland, which had permitted dismissal on the ground of forum non conveniens against a resident plaintiff. Norwood v. Kirkpatrick, 349 U.S. 29, 41 (1955) (Clark, J., dissenting). The pendulum has now swung in the opposite direction.
One of the most significant indications of this trend was the rejection by the New York Court of Appeals in 1972 of its rule of long-standing that the New York residence of either party to an action barred a New York court from dismissing the action on the ground of forum non conveniens. Silver v. Great American Insurance Co., 29 N.Y.2d 356, 278 N.E.2d 619, 328 N.U.S.2d 356, 278 N.E.2d 619, 328 N.Y.S.2d 398 (9172).9 Accord, Al Nyman & Son, Inc. v. United States Lines, Inc., 44 A.D.2d 516, 353 N.Y.S.2d 8 (1st Dept. 1974) (per curiam) (conversion action dismissed on forum non conveniens grounds where tortious acts occurred outside of New York despite plaintiff's New York residence and the fact that corporate defendant's principal place of business was in New York); Heller v. National General Corp., 39 A.D.2d 688, 332 N.Y.S.2d 511 (1st Dept. 1972) (per curiam) (Silver applied in dismissing New York plaintiff's action on forum non conveniens grounds).
The crux of the Silver rule recently was summarized by Judge Feinberg: "If litigation is in a clearly inconvenient forum, why should defendant and the court be burdened with its continuing there, if an alternative forum now exists so that plaintiff will not be without a remedy?" Schertenleib v. Traum, 589 F.2d 1156, 1163 (2 Cir.1978).
The fallacy of conditioning forum non conveniens relief solely upon the residence or place of incorporation of the plaintiff was stated forcefully by Chief Judge Fuld in Silver:
"Although such residence is, of course, an important factor to be considered, forum non conveniens relief should be granted when it plainly appears that New York is an inconvenient forum and that another is available which will best serve the ends of justice and the convenience of the parties. The great advantage of the doctrine--its flexibility based on the facts and circumstances of a particular case--is severely, if not completely, undercut when our courts are prevented from applying it solely because one of the parties is a New York resident or corporation." 29 N.Y.2d at 361, 278 N.E.2d at 622, 328 N.Y.S.2d at 402-03.
Since Silver the trend in that direction has accelerated. The following recent cases favor a liberal application of forum non conveniens rules in the state courts:10 Turner v. Evers, 31 Cal.App.3d Supp. 11, 107 Cal.Rptr. 390 (App. Dept't Super.Ct.1973) (following Silver, and applying California statute, rejected bar to forum non conveniens based on residence of parties); Car v. Bio-Medical Applications of Washington, Inc., 366 A.2d 1089 (D.C.1976) (rejected District of Columbia residence of plaintiff as bar to forum non conveniens dismissal); Cray v. General Motors Corp., 389 Mich. 382, 207 N.W.2d 393 (1973) (rejected Michigan residence of defendant as bar to forum non conveniens dismissal); In re the Marriage of Dunkley, 89 Wash.2d 777, 575 P.2d 1071 (1978) (applied forum non conveniens in dismissing proceeding involving petition for modificatino of decree governing custody of children by a Washington resident father); Werner v. Werner, 84 Wash.2d 360, 371, 526 P.2d 370, 378 (1974) (overruled earlier contrary positino with comment, "Most of the states in that minority [those that had rejected forum non conveniens] have since reversed their position and embraced the forum non conveniens doctrine in some form."). Indeed, the Michigan Supreme Court in Cray v. General Motors Corp., supra, counted twenty-one states which followed the doctrine of forum non conveniens in 1973. 389 Mich. at 392, 207 N.W.2d 397.11
(2) Federal Law Generally
More than thirty years ago--shortly after Gilbert and Koster were decided--Congress codified the principles underlying forum non conveniens in enacting 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1404(a). See Reviser's Note, stating that Sec. 1404(a) "was drafted in accordance with the doctrine of forum non conveniens", quoted in Sullivan v. Behimer, 363 U.S. 335, 363 n. 14 (1960) (Frankfurter, J., dissenting). Section 1404(a) therefore codifies a part of the district court's "inherent power", Gilbert, supra, 330 U.S. at 502, to transfer cases to more appropriate places for trial.
The standard for obtaining a transfer of a case under Sec. 1404(a) is more easily satisfied than is the standard for obtaining dismissal on forum nn conveniens grounds. Norwood v. Kirkpatrick, supra, 349 U.S. at 32. Accordingly, for the most cases in the federal courts, the easier standard of Sec. 1404(a) has superseded the doctrine of forum non conveniens. Hoffman v. Blaski, 363 U.S. 335, 342 (1960). It would be anomalous for us to hold--as appellant urges--that a standard stricter than Gilbert should be applied in a range of cases which is not covered by Sec. 1404(a) and which had been subject to a liberal dismissal rule before enactment of Sec. 1404(a). Such an interpretation might be understandable if there had been no doctrine of forum non conveniens extant when Sec. 1404(a) was enacted in 1948. In that event it might be urged that Congress did not wish to apply a more liberal dismissal standard to cases not covered by the statute. But such an interpretation makes no sense at all in light of the actual situation, since it was the statement of the general standard of forum non conveniens in cases such as Gilbert which led to the enactment of Sec. 1404(a).
Moreover, there are cases where federal courts--including ours--have sanctioned sending an American citizen to another forum for trial pursuant to a defendant's motion to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens. The "reluctance" with which this has been done, described in Vanity Fair Mills v. T. Eaton Co., 234 F.2d 633, 646 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 352 U.S. 871 (1956), appears not to be as profound as the language might suggest. Indeed, in Vanity Fair --a landmark case in which Judge Waterman recognized the precept that "[a]n American citizen does not have an absolute right under all circumstances to sue in an American court", id. at 645--the precise issue of the deference to be accorded the citizenship of an American plaintiff confronted with a motion to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens was not squarely involved in the court's decision. Judge Waterman did acknowledge, however, that "the balance of convenience is strongly in favor of" the defendant, before going on to explain the other factors also supporting trial of the Canadian infringement claim in Canada. Id. at 646-47.
In Mizokami Bros. of Arizona, Inc. v. Baychem Corp., 556 F.2d 975 (9 Cir.1977) (per curiam), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1035 (1978), the Ninth Circuit held that it was proper to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens, even though it resulted in an American plaintiff being sent to the Mexican courts for relief. The court, after stressing both the degree of discretion to be accorded the district court and the clear Mexican locus of events which led to the litigation, concluded:
"The plaintiff falls back on its United States citizenship as the sole and only possible basis for suing these defendants in a court of the United States. This is not enough. In an era of increasing international commerce, parties who choose to engage in international transactions should know that when their foreign operations lead to litigation they cannot expect always to bring their foreign opponents into a United States forum when every reasonable consideration leads to the conclusion that the site of the litigation should be elsewhere.
There was no abuse of discretion." Id. at 978.
Similarly, in Mohr v. Allen, 407 F.Supp. 483 (S.D.N.Y.1976), a plaintiff was an American citizen who sued on the basis of a purported oral contract with a Mexican national to develop a hotel property in Mexico. Again, Mexico was the clear locus of events. Its law would govern the outcome of the action. Notwithstanding the citizenship of the plaintiff, the district court dismissed the action conditionally, resting its decision on forum non conveniens as an alternative ground.(3) Plaintiff's Citizenship or Residence in Admiralty Law
What is true of the law of forum non conveniens generally--that citizenship or residence no longer are absolutely determinative factors--is reflected in recent developments in admiralty as well. For example, in Texaco Trinidad, Inc. v. Astro Exito Navegacion S.A., 437 F.Supp. 331 (S.D.N.Y.1977), a Delaware corporation had been organized to run a business in Trinidad. It sued foreign corporations in the Southern District of New York for damage to its dock in Trinidad. The court dismissed the action on the ground of forum non conveniens.
True, there is some dicta in a few earlier cases to the effect that an admiralty court should not dismiss an action by an American libelant on forum non conveniens grounds.12 During the pre-Gilbert period, however, apparently no court had held, on the facts of the case before it, that it was improper to remit an American libelant to the courts of another country.13 The instant case appears to be the first one to come before our Court involving an American libelant where the balance of conveniences sufficiently favored another forum to justify use of the doctrine.
This would suggest that the dicta in the earlier cases reflected, not some special rule where admiralty plaintiffs were involved, but the general rule for all forum non conveniens motions, as the rule was then understood. In other words, even a landbased forum non conveniens motion against a resident plaintiff would have been subject to the same observations. Such dicta clearly have been rendered obsolete by subsequent developments in the law, notably Gilbert. Thus, the language of the pre-Gilbert cases should be viewed, not as an admiralty exception to what is now the Gilbert rule, but as expressions preceding Gilbert and antedating the modern liberal trend in forum non conveniens.
Moreover, the earlier cases often were more liberal than their dicta might indicate. For example, in U.S. Merchants' & Shippers' Insurance Co. v. A/S Den Norske Affrika Og Australie Line, 65 F.2d 392 (2 Cir.1933) (L. Hand, J.), the Court spoke of a citizen's "absolute privilege of resort to its own courts, independ[ent] of any inconvenience to the respondent." Id. at 392. That dictum reflected the then generally held view, since rejected, that citizenship alone was a bar to dismissal on the ground of forum non conveniens by any court, state or federal. The holding of the case, however, was in accordance with the liberal trend in forum non conveniens. The Court upheld the district court's decision which sent a United States corporation to the courts of Norway to litigate its claim against a Norwegian ship owner.14
In the related area of enforcement of contractual choice of forum clauses which resulted in sending an American plaintiff to a foreign tribunal, this Court was a leader in the federal courts' movement away from the earlier parochial view that such clauses should not be honored. E.g., Wm. H. Muller & Co. v. Swedish American Line Ltd., 224 F.2d 806 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 350 U.S. 903 (1955). But cf. Indussa Corp. v. S.S. Ranborg, 377 F.2d 200 (2 Cir.1967) (en banc) (choice of forum clause held invalid in the specific context of Sec. 3(8) of COGSA, 46 U.S.C. Sec. 1303(8)). The movement away from the former narrow rule was vindicated by the Supreme Court in The Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co., 407 U.S. 1 (1972).15
Finally, we turn to the question upon which this appeal originally was argued and decided: whether, under Gilbert, Judge Conner's dismissal of the action on the ground of forum non conveniens was an abuse of discretion. We hold that it was not. Judge Conner's carefully considered opinion, 453 F.Supp. 10, constitutes, in our view, the best demonstration of his sound exercise of discretion.
The Supreme Court in Gilbert made it very clear that application of the doctrine of forum non conveniens left a large measure of discretion to the trial judge:
"Wisely, it has not been attempted to catalogue the circumstances which will justify or require either grant or denial of remedy. The doctrine leaves much to the discretion of the court to which plaintiff resorts, and experience has not shown a judicial tendency to renounce one's own jurisdiction so strong as to result in many abuses." 330 U.S. at 508 (footnote omitted).
The Court wisely declined to try to define an all-purpose rule. It did set forth the relevant factors to be taken into account. The Court thus necessarily placed heavy reliance on the discretion of the trial judge to balance those factors. Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws Sec. 84, Comment b (1971).
Even before Gilbert, the existence of this discretion, particularly in admiralty law, was well established. E.g., The Mandu, 114 F.2d 361 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 311 U.S. 715 (1940); Comment, Admiralty Suits Involving Foreigners, 31 Tex.L.Rev. 889, 889 n. 5 (1953). And, as indicated above, it is a doctrine of continuing current force which we have reaffirmed repeatedly. Farmanfarmaian v. Gulf Oil Corp., supra; Schertenleib v. Traum, supra; Fitzgerald v. Texaco, Inc., supra; Thomson v. Palmieri, 355 F.2d 64 (2 Cir.1966).
Appellant challenges the sufficiency of Judge Conner's finding that the Southern District is an inconvenient forum. It points out that, whereas in Farmanfarmaian nine months of discovery was permitted on the question of the appropriateness of the forum, Judge Conner rendered his decision based only on affidavits. This ignores the fact that the two cases are vastly different--Farmanfarmaian being a complex contract action, Alcoa a simple tort action involving damage to a pier. Moreover, it is the well established practice in the Southern District of New York to decide such motions on affidavits. Koster v. Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., supra, 330 U.S. at 531; Vanity Fair Mills v. T. Eaton Co., supra, 234 F.2d at 645.
The primary concern of appellant resisting trial in Trinidad is that it may recover only $570,000 rather than $8,000,000 from appellee, assuming the latter to have been at fault. Much is made by appellant of the supposed inequity of forcing it to Trinidad where it will be limited in its recovery to a lesser sum.16 It is abundantly clear, however, that the prospect of a lesser recovery does not justify refusing to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens. Canada Malting Co. v. Paterson Steamships, Ltd., 285 U.S. 413 (1932); Koupetoris v. Konkar Intrepid Corp., 535 F.2d 1392, 1397 n. 22 (2 Cir.1976); Kloeckner Reederei and Kohlenhandel, G.M.B.H. v. A/S Hakedal, 210 F.2d 754, 757 (2 Cir.), appeal dismissed by stipulation, 348 U.S. 801 (1954). Moreover, it is not at all unfair for appellant to recover the lesser amount. Its pier was in Trinidad. It was not likely to go traveling. As long as it did not, Trinidad's damage limitation law governed. It would be far more unfair to impose an additional recovery against appellee when appellant, fully familiar with the law of the place where it maintained a permanent business, could have insured its additional risk in a prudent fashion. There is no reason to suppose that it has not done so.
All in all, although perhaps not all of us would have reached the same result, we are satisfied that Judge Conner did not abuse his discretion in conditionally dismissing on the ground of forum non conveniens. We listed the factors upon which he relied, in our panel dissenting opinion of January 10, 1979, 654 F.2d 174:
"The record established that the case involved an accident that occurred in Trinidad. The damage to Alcoa's pier was in Trinidad. Regardless of where the repair crews may come from, the repair work will take place in Trinidad. Apart from experts and the ship's crew, whatever witnesses may be called are in Trinidad. The alleged tortious conduct of defendant Norcross and the master of the Nordic Regent took place in Trinidad, as did the alleged negligent action on the part of the local pilots' association in Trinidad. The association may be involved and might be impleaded if the case is tried in Trinidad because the presence of a pilot on the Nordic Regent was required by the statute law of Trinidad and Tobago. The law of Trinidad and Tobago also presumably determines the duty fo care owed by the various parties. Finally, the tides and currents around Trinidad may figure prominently in the trial of the case." (footnotes omitted).
We conclude that under Gilbert the judge used the correct standard in applying the doctrine of forum non conveniens and did not err in conditionally dismissing the action.
To summarize, we hold that:
The Gilbert standard, as reaffirmed in Farmanfarmaian, is the proper one for determining motions to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens, including those in admiralty actions.
Neither the admiralty nature of an action nor the American citizenship of a plaintiff justifies creating a special rule of forum non conveniens.
The district court in the instant case, in conditionally dismissing the action on the ground of forum non conveniens, did not abuse its discretion under the Gilbert standard.
As the Supreme Court said in another context:"Admiralty practice, which has served as the origin of much of our modern federal procedure, should not be tied to the mast of legal technicalities it has been the forerunner in eliminating from other federal practices." British Transport Commission v. United States, 354 U.S. 129, 139 (1957).
Accordingly, the judgment and opinion of the panel on rehearing is vacated; the judgment of the district court is affirmed.
VAN GRAAFEILAND, Circuit Judge, dissenting:
Liberia is a small country about the size of Ohio, located on the west coast of Africa. Its population of approximately 1.5 million people engages mostly in agricultural pursuits, and it has relatively little foreign trade. In 1976, Liberia's imports amounted to approximately $400 million and its exports approximately $457 million.1 During that same year, however, the Liberian merchant fleet consisted of 2,666 ships totalling over 76 million gross registered tons, making it one of the largest single-flag fleets in the world.2 Liberia is a "flag of convenience" country, and, by 1976, fleets registered in the principal flag of convenience countries represented 27.6 percent of the total world fleet.3
Ships such as the Nordic Regent register in flag of convenience countries because those countries subject them to little or no control. Fees and taxes are low, labor regulations and safety standards are minimal, and ship movements are largely unhampered.4 One needs but little knowledge of American maritime law to appreciate the advantages that flag of convenience ships have over those in the heavily regulated merchant marine of the United States. See Hellenic Lines, Ltd. v. Rhoditis, 398 U.S. 306, 310, 90 S.Ct. 1731, 1734, 26 L.Ed.2d 252 (1970); Lauritzen v. Larsen, 345 U.S. 571, 587, 73 S.Ct. 921, 930, 97 L.Ed. 1254 (1953).
To those advantages, this Court now adds another. Henceforth, these somewhat ersatz foreign nationals5 are to have the benefit of "liberal forum non conveniens rules" applied under "a more liberal dismissal standard" in accordance with "the modern liberal trend in forum non conveniens", pursuant to which an American plaintiff can be ousted from his Country's courts upon a simple balancing of conveniences as between the plaintiff and the defendant. Indeed, the defendants in the instant case have succeeded in having plaintiff's Southern District suit dismissed on the ground that dismissal will satisfy the convenience of essential witnesses, despite the fact that the record does not disclose the name and address of a single such witness or the substance of his anticipated testimony. Of course, defendants' failure to name their Trinidadian witnesses is not surprising considering that the Nordic Regent was manned by an Italian crew, its responsibility for the accident is clear, and the plaintiff's damages are concededly in excess of $570,000, the top recovery permitted under Trinidad law. Dismissal of plaintiff's complaint under such circumstances is an unjustifiably extreme application of even "the more liberal dismissal standard" that our brothers now espouse.
By not insisting upon the identification of defendants' alleged witnesses and some indication of the testimony they are expected to give, our brothers have abandoned a well-established requirement of this Circuit and substituted a completely unacceptable standard in its place. Over a quarter of a century ago, Chief Judge Kaufman, then a district judge, said that "[t]he party seeking the transfer must clearly specify the key witnesses to be called and must make a general statement of what their testimony will cover." Jenkins v. Wilson Freight Forwarding Co., 104 F.Supp. 422, 424 (S.D.N.Y.1952). This has been the required practice in this Circuit up to the present day.
"When a party seeks the transfer on account of the convenience of witnesses under Sec. 1494(a), he must clearly specify the key witnesses to be called and must make a general statement of what their testimony will cover." Factors Etc., Inc. v. Pro Arts, Inc., 579 F.2d 215, 218 (2d Cir.1978), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 908, 99 S.Ct. 1215, 59 L.Ed.2d 455 (1979).
Other courts of appeal are in accord. See Plum Tree, Inc. v. Stockment, 488 F.2d 754, 756-57 (3d Cir.1973); Chicago, R.I. & P.R.R. v. Hugh Breeding, Inc., 232 F.2d 584, 588 (10th Cir.1956), petition for cert. dismissed under Rule 60, 355 U.S. 880, 78 S.Ct. 138, 2 L.Ed.2d 107 (1957); Headrick v. Atchison, T. & S.F. Ry., 182 F.2d 305, 310-11 (10th Cir.1950). Reputable form books have accepted this as the proper practice, see, e.g., 1 Nichols' Cyclopedia of Federal Procedure Forms Sec. 15.19 (2d ed. 1970), and numerous state courts concur, see, e.g., Hurlbut v. Whalen, 58 A.D.2d 311, 316, 396 N.Y.S.2d 518, motion for leave to appeal denied, 43 N.Y.2d 643, 401 N.Y.S.2d 1028, 372 N.E.2d 803 (1977); States Marine Lines v. Domingo, 269 A.2d 223, 226 (Del.1970). It is a salutary requirement designed to prevent injustice and facilitate appellate review. It should not now be discarded by this Court.
We do not dissent, however, solely because we find "The Tale of the Essential Witnesses" to be more fictional than factual. We are making law today for cases yet to come, and we are concerned about the casualness with which our brothers are prepared to oust American litigants from American forums. We disagree with our colleagues' decision to weigh the criteria for deciding whether to send an American plaintiff to a foreign country on the same scale that would be used in deciding whether to send him to another state.
Justice Frankfurter once wisely observed that a court should not be ignorant as judges of what its members know as men. Watts v. Indiana, 338 U.S. 49, 52, 69 S.Ct. 1347, 1349, 93 L.Ed. 1801 (1949). As men, we know that we live in a troubled and turbulent world. As judges, we should view that world as it is, not as we would like it to be. "One World", a world united in peace, with "liberty and justice for all", has been the dream of men of good will for countless generations. However, instead of "One World", our planet today is divided into at least three "Worlds", and perhaps four or five.6 The economic demands of the poorer countries and their nationalistic treatment of foreign investments are evidence to some of a "fissuring of planetary policy that is both wide and deep".7 "[B]arriers of enmity and fear" divide many of this planet's inhabitants.8 Armed conflict, terrorism, and rebellion vie for international headlines. American citizens are held hostage in American embassies. Stable governments and independent judiciaries are hardly universal phenomena.
Despite all this, our brothers assure us that nations today "are growing more closely linked by bonds of commerce and culture" and dismiss as parochial the oft-expressed reluctance of this Court and others to deprive United States residents of the justice which they know will be fairly dispensed in their own courts.9 Our brothers apparently feel that the condition of the world has improved so much since 1966 that we need no longer distinguish Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 330 U.S. 501, 67 S.Ct. 839, 91 L.Ed. 1055 (1947), as we did in Thomson v. Palmieri, 355 F.2d 64, 65-66 (2nd Cir.1966), where we said that, in Gulf Oil, "there was no question of seeking a forum in a foreign state." The headlines in our daily newspapers leaves us no choice but to disagree.10 Gulf Oil, which involved an action in the Southern District of New York by a Virginia resident against a Pennsylvania corporation, is as distinguishable in the instant case as it was in Thomason v. Palmieri.
On the other hand, in Koster v. Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., 330 U.S. 518, 524, 67 S.Ct. 828 (1947), the Court said that a plaintiff "should not be deprived of the presumed advantages of his home jurisdiction except upon a clear showing of facts which ... establish such oppressiveness and vexation to a defendant as to be out of all proportion of plaintiff's convenience, which may be shown to be slight or nonexistent...." That is the rule appellant asks this Court to apply. Appellant says, as this Court has also said, that the application of the rule is most appropriate where the alternative to a plaintiff's home jurisdiction is the court of a foreign state. See Olympic Corp. v. Societe Generale, 462 F.2d 376, 378 (2d Cir.1972).
Appellant does not contend, as the majority seem to suggest, that American citizenship alone is a "barrier" to or "impenetrable shield" against dismissal on the ground of forum non conveniens. That is a man of straw argument. Appellant's argument, as illustrated by the following quotation from its brief, simply adopts the law as it has been expressed on numerous occasions by this Court.
"As this court held in Leasco Data Processing Equipment Corp. v. Maxwell, 468 F.2d 1326, 1344 (2d Cir.1972, Friendly, Feinberg and Davis, JJ.), even a balance of convenience in favor of trial abroad 'is not enough to justify a district court in dismissing the complaint of an American citizen, much less to warrant an appellate court's requiring it do so.' quoting with approval the decision in Burt v. Isthmus Development Corp., 218 F.2d 353, 357 (5th Cir.1955), cert. denied, 349 U.S. 922 [75 S.Ct. 661, 99 L.Ed. 1254] (1955) that 'courts should require positive evidence of unusually extreme circumstances, and should be thoroughly convinced that material injustice is manifest before exercising any such discretion to deny a citizen access to the courts of this country.' " Appellants' Supplemental En Banc Brief at 21-22.
It was the Supreme Court in Koster, supra, not appellant, that established "oppressiveness and vexation" as the standard for measuring whether a defendant's inconvenience is sufficient to deprive the plaintiff of the right to litigate in his home forum. We followed this standard in Thomson v. Palmieri, supra, 355 F.2d at 66, where we said that "[t]he central question is one of convenience, and we should respect plaintiff's choice of forum as long as no harassment is intended." The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has done the same. See Founding Church of Scientology v. Verlag, 175 U.S.App.D.C. 402, 409, 536 F.2d 429, 436 (D.C.Cir.1976); Altman v. Central of Ga. Ry., 124 U.S.App.D.C. 155, 157, 363 F.2d 284, 286 (D.C.Cir.),cert. denied, 385 U.S. 920, 87 S.Ct. 231, 17 L.Ed.2d 144 (1966). So also have the Third Circuit, see Hoffman v. Goberman, 420 F.2d 423, 426-27 (3d Cir.1970), and the Fifth Circuit, see Burt v. Isthmus Development Co., 218 F.2d 353, 357-58 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 349 U.S. 922, 75 S.Ct. 661, 99 L.Ed. 1254 (1955). Among the district court cases in accord are Top Form Mills, Inc. v. Sociedad Nationale Industria Applicazioni Viscosa, 428 F.Supp. 1237, 1253 (S.D.N.Y.1977); Detrick v. Baltimore & O.R.R., 330 F.Supp. 257, 259 (E.D.Pa.1971); McCarthy v. Canadian Nat'l Rys., 322 F.Supp. 1197, 1198-99 (D.Mass.1971); Fiorenza v. United States Steel Int'l, Ltd., 311 F.Supp. 117, 121 (S.D.N.Y.1969).
The district court in the instant case, however, was content to rest its decision upon a balancing of conveniences, finding that defendant's inconvenience substantially outweighed plaintiff's and that the litigation "can be conducted most effectively and inexpensively in Trinidad."11 We would reverse, because we think it better to adhere to the traditional rule that simply balancing conveniences is not enough, when the result is to oust an American plaintiff from his Country's courts. We would continue to hold that, unless the inconvenience to the defendant is so great as to constitute vexation and harassment and result in manifest injustice, plaintiff's choice of a domestic forum should not be disturbed.
We disagree with the majority's contention that this Country's Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation compel a different result. These treaties provide in general for free "access" to United States courts, and the term "access" is usually defined to comprehend, among other things, access to legal aid and exemption from providing security for costs. See, e.g., Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, Oct. 1, 1951, United States-Denmark, [1961] 12 U.S.T. 908, 937, T.I.A.S. No. 4797; Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, Aug. 3--Dec. 26, 1951, United States-Greece, [1954] 5 U.S.T. 1829, 1911, T.I.A.S. No. 3057. Article XVII of the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the United States and Liberia, entered into force on November 21, 1939, provides that Liberian corporations and associations "shall enjoy free access to the courts of law and equity, on conforming to the laws regulating the matter, as well for the prosecution as for the defense of rights in all the degrees of jurisdiction established by law." See 54 Stat. 1739, 1746, T.S. No. 956.
No treaty requires that foreign nationals receive more favorable treatment in our courts than would an American litigant. See Note, The Convenient Forum Abroad, 20 Stan.L.Rev. 57, 65 (1967). If defendants were compelled to continue this litigation in the United States, they could hardly contend that their treatment was less favorable than that which would be accorded an American defendant or that they had lesser access to United States courts.
It is regrettable that our brothers refuse to give any extra consideration to an American plaintiff's choice of his home forum because they fear that Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation would require that similar consideration be given to a foreign plaintiff's choice of the same forum. It is a strange doctrine indeed that would deprive a citizen of legal rights because, otherwise, the same rights might have to be given to an alien.
In any event, there is no reason for the majority to fear that a rule contrary to the one they have adopted would require this Court to treat foreign plaintiffs as if they were residents of the Second Circuit. For venue purposes, residents of other states who bring suit in the Southern District of New York and are not treated as if they were residents of New York. See, e.g., Haase v. Malenkrodt, Inc., 415 F.Supp. 889, 890-91 (S.D.N.Y.1976); Pesin v. Goldman, Sachs & Co., 397 F.Supp. 392, 394 (S.D.N.Y.1975). Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation do not require that foreign nationals be given greater access to New York courts than would be given to Texans or Californians. Those treaties are not violated, therefore, when the door of access that "revolves" for Liberians, "revolves" as well for Americans. In short, the grant of access has not eliminated the laws and doctrines of venue.12
In this age of jet transportation, where, as here, two reasonably affluent corporations are engaged in financially significant litigation, the convenience of a few witnesses should be a minor consideration. "[T]he deposing of witnesses abroad or bringing them to the United States is a relatively simple and inexpensive matter in a suit of this size." Fitzgerald v. Texaco, Inc., 521 F.2d 448, 456 (2d Cir.1975) (Oakes, J., dissenting), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1052, 96 S.Ct. 781, 46 S.Ed.2d 641 (1976); see Note, The Application of Forum Non Conveniens in Maritime Personal Injury Actions Brought by Foreign Seamen in Federal Courts, 1 Hastings Int'l & Comp.L.Rev. 77, 97-99 (1978). The doctrine of forum non conveniens "was designed as an 'instrument of justice,' " Williams v. Green Bay & W.R.R., 326 U.S. 549, 554, 66 S.Ct. 284, 287, 90 L.Ed. 31 (1946) (quoting Rogers v. Guaranty Trust Co., 288 U.S. 123, 151, 53 S.Ct. 295, 305, 77 L.Ed. 652 (1933) (Cardozo, J., dissenting)), and courts should be concerned more with whether justice will be served by a change of venue than with whether one party or the other will save a few dollars in the preparation of his proof.13
Our review of the instant case has left us with an abiding concern that justice will be ill-served if this litigation is removed to Trinidad. Justice will continue to be ill-served if this Court, adopting a "they knew what they were getting into" approach, persists in ousting American litigants from American forums under the "liberal forum nonconveniens rules" to which our brothers now express adherence.
OAKES, Circuit Judge (concurring in dissenting opinion):
I concur fully with Judge Van Graafeiland's well-reasoned opinion. I add these few words simply to reiterate the view suggested in my dissent in Fitzgerald v. Texaco, Inc., 521 F.2d 448, 456 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1052, 96 S.Ct. 781, 46 L.Ed.2d 641 (1976), that the "entire doctrine of forum non conveniens should ... be reexamined in the light of the transportation revolution that has occurred since" Gulf Oil Corp. v. Gilbert, 330 U.S. 501, 67 S.Ct. 839, 91 L.Ed. 1055 (1947), and Koster v. Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., 330 U.S. 518, 67 S.Ct. 828, 91 L.Ed. 1067 (1947), were decided.1 There are several jets a day between New York and Trinidad to transport witnesses, documents, and lawyers if need be. It is totally unrealistic in my view to relegate these parties to trial in Trinidad.
As Judge Van Graafeiland points out, there is a basic interest of the United States in exercising jurisdiction to avoid a failure of justice, one that would occur here by virtue of the Trinidad limitation of liability. It is not at all chauvinistic to suggest that the avoidance of such a failure of justice has been a long-standing principle of American admiralty law dating back at least to The Belgenland, 114 U.S. 355, 368-69, 5 S.Ct. 860, 866, 29 L.Ed. 152 (1885) (collision between Norwegian barque and Belgian steamship). See Gkiafis v. S.S. Yiosonas, 387 F.2d 460, 462 (4th Cir.1967) (Greek seamen suing Panamanian vessel); Motor Distributors, Ltd. v. Olaf Pedersen's Rederi A/S, 239 F.2d 463, 465 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 353 U.S. 938, 77 S.Ct. 816, 1 L.Ed.2d 760 (1957) (suit against Norwegian vessel by various foreign nationals). American litigants are entitled to treatment at least as good as that accorded to the foreign litigants in these cases.
And a limitation upon or denial of recovery is in and of itself a ground for not dismissing on the basis of the forum non conveniens doctrine. Bickel, The Doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens As Applied in the Federal Courts in Matters of Admiralty, 35 Cornell L.Q. 12, 28, 44, (1949). That doctrine, which is totally unrealistic in a case of this nature, involving these sums, is being applied here to wreak injustice on an individual litigant for no reason that makes any sense to me. The reference in the majority opinion to "court efficiency," majority op. at 6, rings very hollow: by what standard is "court efficiency" improved by dismissing this case? Is "court efficiency" a euphemism for something else? In this respect, perhaps, I am a little chauvinistic. American taxpayers, I think, have a certain basic right of access to American courts when the latter have jurisdiction--a right upon which judicially-made rules in the supposed interests of "court efficiency" should not unduly impinge.
Judge Gurfein, who was a member of the en banc Court, unfortunately died on December 16, 1979. Prior to his death, he had voted to affirm the judgment of the district court. He did not have the opportunity, however, to see this opinion prior to his death
We assume familiarity with the statements of fact set forth in the opinion of the district court, 453 F.Supp. 10 (January 17, 1978), and in the two sets of panel opinions of this Court, 654 F.2d 165 (August 31, 1978), and 654 F.2d 169 (January 10, 1979). Our August 31 panel decision, by a divided vote, affirmed the district court's conditional dismissal of the action on the ground of forum non conveniens. Our January 10 panel decision which is the subject of the instant en banc proceeding in this Court
We believe that it is neither necessary nor appropriate to recount in detail the contentions of the parties in the district court or the Gilbert factors relied on by Judge Conner in exercising his discretion in granting the forum non conveniens motion. They are fully set forth in the district court opinion. Moreover, the issue that triggered the instant en banc proceeding was not whether the judge had abused his discretion; rather, it was the legal issue as to what is the proper standard for determining a motion to dismiss an admiralty action on the ground of forum non conveniens. The panel majority, in its January 10, 1979 opinion, held for the first time that the Gilbert standard "does not, and should not, establish the correct standard for determining when American citizens should have access to their country's admiralty courts." 654 F.2d at 170. That was the proposition urged by Alcoa in its petition for rehearing addressed to the panel; it was adopted by the panel by a divided vote; and it is the central issue before us in this en banc proceeding
Scottish judges were the originators of the idea that a law court could refuse to hear a case over which it had jurisdiction. The distinction between forum non conveniens and forum non competens in non-admiralty cases first emerged in Scotland about 1845. Braucher, The Inconvenient Federal Forum, 60 Harv.L.Rev. 908, 909 (1947) (hereinafter cited as Braucher). The English courts, however, generally were unsympathetic to the idea. E.g., Clements v. Macauley, 4 Macph. 583, 592-93 (1866), cited in Braucher, supra, at 910. Even at the time of the Supreme Court decision in Gilbert, the English standard for granting a motion to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens required a showing that the trial of the case in the chosen forum would be vexatious and oppressive--in effect, the standard urged upon us by appellant in the instant case. Williams v. Green Bay & W.R.R., 326 U.S. 549, 554-55 n. 4 (1946)
The factors set forth by the Court were the following:
"If the combination and weight of factors requisite to given results are difficult to forecast or state, those to be considered are not difficult to name. An interest to be considered, and the one likely to be most pressed, is the private interest of the litigant. Important considerations are the relative ease of access to sources of proof; availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling, and the cost of obtaining attendance of willing, witnesses; possibility of view of premises, if view would be appropriate to the action; and all other practical problems that make trial of a case easy, expeditious and inexpensive. There may also be questions as to the enforceability of a judgment if one is obtained. The court will weigh relative advantages and obstacles to fair trial. It is often said that the plaintiff may not, by choice of an inconvenient forum, 'vex,' 'harass,' or 'oppress' the defendant by inflicting upon him expense or trouble not necessary to his own right to pursue his remedy. But unless the balance is strongly in favor of the defendant, the plaintiff's choice of forum should rarely be disturbed.
Factors of public interest also have a place in applying the doctrine. Administrative difficulties follow for courts when litigation is piled up in congested centers instead of being handled at its origin. Jury duty is a burden that ought not to be imposed upon the people of a community which has no relation to the litigation. In cases which touch the affairs of many persons, there is reason for holding the trial in their view and reach rather than in remote parts of the country where they can learn of it by report only. There is a local interest in having localized controversies decided at home. There is an appropriateness, too, in having the trial of a diversity case in a forum that it at home with the state law that must govern the case, rather than having a court in some other forum untangle problems in conflict of laws, and in law foreign to itself." 330 U.S. at 508-09 (footnote omitted).
Moreover, the abuse of discretion standard appears to be the same in both cases. Gilbert, 330 U.S. at 508-09; Koster, 330 U.S. at 531-32
Between 1946 and 1953 alone, the United States concluded nine bilateral treaties (with China, Italy, Ireland, Uruguay, Colombia, Greece, Israel, Ethiopia and Egypt), all of which provided for access to each country's courts on a "national treatment" basis, with eight specifying access on a most-favored-nation basis. Wilson, Access-to-Courts Provisions in U.S. Commercial Treaties, 47 Am.J. Int'l Law 20, 45 (1953); 20 Harv.Int'l L.J. 404, 411 n. 40 (1979) (relevant treaties summarized). Other more recent treaties with similar provisions include Agreement on Trade Relations, Mar. 17, 1978, United States-Hungary, T.I.A.S. No. 8967; Treaty of Friendship, Establishment and Navigation, Feb. 21, 1961, United States-Belgium, 14 U.S.T. 1284, 1289; Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, Oct. 1, 1961, United States-Denmark, 12 U.S.T. 908, 912
It might be argued that such provisions were not meant to govern a forum non conveniens situation. Protocols to the Danish and Belgian treaties mentioned above, for example, both refer specifically to entitlement to legal aid as being encompassed within the term "access". But as the Danish protocol makes clear:
"The term 'access' as used in Article V, paragraph 1, comprehends, among other things, access to free legal aid and right to exemption from providing security for costs and judgment." 12 U.S.T. at 937 (emphasis added).
Obviously, the protocol does not limit the meaning of access to entitlement to legal aid or privileges relating to security (which themselves are not unrelated to the typical forum non conveniens issue). Nor is such a provision a constant in the treaties mentioned above. The parallel Belgian protocol refers only to legal aid, 14 U.S.T. at 1309. The treaty involved in Farmanfarmaian contained no such protocol provision at all. Further, the argument for a limiting construction of the treaties based on such protocols would conflict with the clearest meaning of access to the courts. Such access would have little value if the door that admits is a revolving one. Finally, the chief flaw in this approach is that is precisely contrary to the interpretation of the Iranian treaty reached by this Court in Farmanfarmaian.
In maritime cases, the transitory nature of the security available to the libelant was thought to justify the application of the forum rei sitae doctrine. Bickel, supra, at 45-46
This is a fortiori so because in admiralty a foreign court usually will be the alternative forum--one of the few remaining areas where 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1404(a) is not applicable
The Silver decision prompted Dean McLaughlin to remark: "At long last, the New York Court of Appelas has abandoned this primitive rule." N.U.Civ.Prac.Law Rule 327 (McLaughlin, Practice Commentary) (McKinney Supp.1979)
Another commentator noted at the time of the decision in Silver that seven states had "flatly ruled that a case may be dismissed despite residence of a party." (California, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin). An intermediate appellate court of Florida had gone the other way. 39 Brooklyn L.Rev. 218, 223-24 & nn. 38-39 (1972).
Of the scattered states which do not follow the doctrine, some have declined to do so because of peculiar provisions of their state constitutions which have been construed to guarantee residents a local forum. E.g., McDonell-Douglas Corp. v. Lohn, 557 P.2d 373 (Colo.1976); Chapman v. Southern Ry., 230 S.C. 210, 95 S.E.2d 170 (1956). As indicated at note 12, infra, there is no such provision where admiralty jurisdiction is concerned. Apparently the only state where the court of last resort has continued to reject the doctrine as a matter of common law is Florida. Houston v. Caldwell, 347 So.2d 1041 (4th Dist.Ct.App.1977) (residency held not to be key to deciding forum non conveniens motion), rev'd, 359 So.2d 858 (Fla.1978)
The common law trend toward liberal application of the doctrine of forum non conveniens has been reflected in legislation which has achieved the same result in several states. ' E.g., Calif.Civ.Proc.Code Sec. 410.30 (West); Wis.Stat. Sec. 262.19. The federal transfer statute, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1404(a) (1976), was the forerunner of the state statutes
The original underpinning for this view, as stated in some early cases (all, it so happens, in a single district court), was that the constitutional grant of jurisdiction to the federal courts in such cases ("The judicial Power shall extend . . . to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction", U.S.Const., art. III, Sec. 2) required retention of every case. THE EPSOM, 227 F. 158 (W.D.Wash.1915); The Falls of Keltie, 114 F. 357 (D.Wash.1902); Bolden v. Jensen, 70 F. 505 (D.Wash.1895)
There are obvious infirmities in this interpretation. One respected commentator has characterized it as a "dubious doctrine". Bickel, supra, at 43. See John Fabrick Tractor Co. v. Penelope Shipping Co., 278 F.Supp. 182, 183 (S.D.N.Y.1967) (dictum). There are at least three problems with this approach. First, the same might be said with respect to the application of forum non conveniens to any case grounded upon federal jurisdiction-such as a diversity action. Second, it is inconsistent with the power of Congress to supervise the inferior federal courts. U.S.CONST., art. III, Sec. 2. Third, the United States has signed treaties withdrawing from our courts jurisdiction over actions between American crew members and foreign ship masters. Such withdrawals of jurisdiction have been upheld. The Albergen, 223 F. 443 (S.D.Ga.1915), and cases cited at 444-45; The Welhaven, 55 F. 80 (S.D.Ala.1892); The Burchard, 42 F. 608 (S.D.Ala.1890).
As a practical matter, the cases that would give rise to such a situation are rare. Swift & Co. Packers v. Compania Colombiana del Caribe, S.A., 339 U.S. 684, 697 (1950); Braucher, supra, at 921
The asserted justification for the Court's apparent departure from the "absolute privilege" was that the American libelant was acting in the place of a Dutch shipper. This rationale strikes us as unpersuasive, since the American underwriter already had paid the Ditch shipper's claim. The only interests left in the case were those of the American underwriter and the Norwegian ship owner. Nevertheless, the American plaintiff was sent to a foreign forum because the district judge thought that "the balance of convenience was greatly in favor of a Norwegian trial." 65 F.2d at 392
Referring to the Bremen decision, a commentator concluded:
"As a result of this decision, and also of action taken at the state level to give greater flexibility to the doctrine of forum non conveniens [specifically, silver], much progress has been made to liberalize American rules and make them more consistent with those prevailling in England and in many Continental countries, at least in respect of freely negotiated agreements." (footnotes omitted). DeLaume, Choice of Forum Patriae; Something Happened on the Way to the Forum: Zapata and Silver, 4 J. Mar. Law & Com. 295, 297 (1973).
There is no suggestion in the record that Trinidad is not an adequate forum. Appellee has submitted to the jurisdiction of the courts there and has offered a letter of guaranty that a judgment against it in Trinidad will be satisfied. Those are express conditions of the dismissal of the action. Pg. 150, supra. It would be another matter of Judge Conner had remitted Alcoa to a foreign court in a way that deprived it of security it otherwise would have had, e.g., Swift & Co. Packers v. Compania Colombiana del Caribe, S.A., supra, 339 U.S. at 697-98, or had remitted it to a judicial system wholly devoid of due process. This is not that case
Statesman's Year-Book 785 (1978)
Id. at 786
Osieke, Flags of Convenience Vessels: Recent Developments, 73 Am.J.Int'l L. 604, 608 n. 14 (1979)
Id. at 604, 615
In Jones Act cases, this Court "[looks] through the facade of foreign registration" to the actual ownership behind it. Bartholomew v. Universe Tank Ships, Inc., 263 F.2d 437, 442 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 359 U.S. 1000, 79 S.Ct. 1138, 3 L.Ed.2d 1030 (1959). For a broader application of this practice, see Chemical Carriers, Inc. v. L. Smit & Co.'s Internationale Sleepdienst, 154 F.Supp. 889 (S.D.N.Y.1957)
Oliver, Legal Relations Among Legal Systems: Games, Pains and Some Pending Problems, 127 U.Pa.L.Rev. 909, 912-13 (1979)
Id. at 913-14
R. Sterling, Macropolitics: International Relations in a Global Society 287 (1974)
There are, of course, nations whose standards of justice are high as those of the United States. However, the majority's holding, like Alexander Pushkin's gray-haired magistrate, "contemplates alike the just and the unjust." We do not presume to identify those countries falling within the latter category. Moreover, we think it would prejudice this country's foreign relations and place an intolerable burden of proof upon American litigants for courts to make this factual determination on a case-by-case, country-by-country basis. See Menendez Rodriguez v. Pan American Life Ins. Co., 311 F.2d 429, 433 (5th Cir.1962), judgment vacated on other grounds, 376 U.S. 779, 84 S.Ct. 1130, 12 L.Ed.2d 82 (1964). Pending the millennium, it is better, we think, to adhere to the traditional doctrine that, in the absence of unusually extreme circumstances and manifest injustice, the American plaintiff's choice of his home forum should not be disturbed
When a newsman returns from a foreign country with the report that its inhabitants are "blind drunk with their hatred of the U.S.", see U.S. News & World Report, January 28, 1980 at 32, this Court need not, indeed may not, accept it as an adjudicated fact. This does not mean, however, that we should ignore it and the countless other reports of a similar nature while we declare the traditional reluctance of American tribunals to oust American litigants from domestic forums to be exaggerated and obsolete
In Leasco Data Processing Equipment Corp. v. Maxwell, supra, 468 F.2d at 1344, after finding that the balance of convenience favored a trial in England, this Court said "[b]ut that is not enough to justify a district court in dismissing the complaint of an American citizen . . . ." Similarly, in Mobil Tankers Co. v. Mene Grande Oil Co., 363 F.2d 611, 614 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 945, 87 S.Ct. 318, 17 L.Ed.2d 225 (1966), the Court said that the election of his home forum by ac citizen of the United States "should not be disregarded in the absence of persuasive evidence that the rejection of jurisdiction will result in manifest injustice to the respondent." The Court then concluded, "This is so even though the more convenient forum may be the foreign one." Id. These statements of the law stand in marked contrast to those of the district court in the instant case
Under the venue provisions of 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1391(a) a resident of the Southern District of New York may be sued in any other district of the United States by a resident of that district. He may be sued by a non-resident alien only in the Southern District of New York on where the claim in suit arose. Under the majority's interpretation of the Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation,a the non-resident alien should be able to sue the New York resident in any district in the United States; otherwise the residents of those districts have greater "access" to their courts than do the non-resident aliens. Obviously, this cannot be what the Treaty signatories had in mind
We are not so naive as to believe that the dispute between the parties on this appeal concerns the convenience of witnesses. This Court is really being asked to decide whether the defendants may reduce their obvious liability to the plaintiff by being given the benefit of Trinidad's limitation of liability statute. If this litigation is removed to Trinidad, the odds are overwhelming that not a single witness will be called; the case will be settled for about ten cents on the dollar of plaintiff's loss
In 1949 the late Alexander Bickel, referring to the "device" of forum non conveniens, said, "The device has been in use in admiralty in the United States for 150 years and more and has never received an overhauling. It needs one pretty badly." Bickel, The Doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens As Applied in the Federal Courts in Matters of Admiralty [subtitled An Object Lesson in Uncontrolled Discretion ], 35 Cornell L.Q. 12, 13 (1949). Such an overhauling is even more necessary today; it still has not occurred
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Madera Chamber of Commerce
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History of Madera
On May 16, 1893 Madera County officially became a County of the State of California, but it was in 1876 that the first lots of the proposed village were put on the auction block and the future Madera County seat had its beginning.
Actually, Madera was a Johnny-come-lately. As the Southern Pacific Railroad laid its tracks south through the San Joaquin Valley in 1872, it brought into existence the towns of Modesto, Merced, Minturn, Borden, and Berenda – but not Madera. Likewise, before Madera was even conceived, in the foothills the older mining communities of Buchanan, and Grub Gulch flourished, as did the towns of Coarsegold, Finegold, and Fresno Flats (now Oakhurst) higher up in the mountains.
Finally Madera came on the scene, and the announcement of its founding was greeted with something less than excitement, given the fact that it had no connection with mining and was not part of the Southern Pacific’s plan for the San Joaquin Valley. Madera’s birth certificate was issued in a story in the October 11, 1876 issue of the Fresno Expositor. It read in part, “The new town laid out by the California Lumber Company at the point where the company’s flume intersects the railroad has been graced with the name of Madera – the Spanish word for lumber. It promises to be quite a flourishing town, and the demand for lots is great.”
The Expositor went on to report that a public sale of lots was scheduled to take place on Tuesday, October 24th, at the town site. The lumber company was ready to bring its raw product down the recently completed flume, where it would be finished at the new planning mill. Everything was set; Madera was ready to roll.
One month later, County Supervisor Hensley informed the Expositor “Building is going on at a lively rate at the new town of Madera. More than a dozen buildings are in the course of construction, and others will be built as soon as workmen can be obtained. The continuous sound of saw and hammer and the busy activity of the workmen impart a prosperous, business-like appearance to the town.”
On January 10, 1877, the Expositor sent a reporter to Madera to determine for himself precisely what the current status of the valley’s newest burg was. What he found was astounding! From the sands of the Fresno Plains, in a matter of weeks, a town had arisen where formerly only jackrabbits and antelope played. “But a few weeks ago there was not a dwelling within a mile of here,” noted the reporter. “ Today there are probably 25, some of which are better by far than the casual observer would at the first glance believe could be built and fitted up in such a short time.”
The most “pretentious,” according to the reporter, was a house erected by a Mr. Jason that was used as a hotel. Jason was apparently in the process of expanding his building in order to make it a true hotel, both in name and substance.
The next building in size was Captain Mace’s saloon. It was a rectangular building, 24 feet by 56 feet, with the long side facing the mill reservation, which became Yosemite Avenue. Apparently Mace was also busy transforming his building into a first rate hotel, for the reporter asserted that, “The Captain intends making certain additions in the spring…” Evidently he was successful, for it was the jocular Mace who is credited by all responsible historical authorities with owning the first real hotel in Madera.
Next to Mace’s saloon, in these early months of Madera’s existence, was a saloon built by C.E. Strivens. It was reported to be a comfortable, neatly fitted up saloon, and its owner was said to be making himself generally agreeable to all comers. Just beyond Strivens’ place stood a small building owned by a Mr. Sanford.
Across the Southern Pacific Railroad tracks to the west was the public house of Mark Anderson, which was adorned with a “bold and artistically formed sign which bore his name and indicated that he was there to do business in his old friendly was, so familiar to the food people of the whole country round about.” At this time there were no merchandise stores in Madera, although there were about 20 private residences. As promising as the up-and-coming town of Madera appeared, not everyone welcomed this upstart newcomer. The Expositor reported that “just a slight tinge of jealousy is now and again manifested between Borden and Madera. This apprehension on the part of the citizens in the town just four miles south of Madera was well justified. In a few short years, it was totally eclipsed by its lumber town neighbor.
Within a few months, the residents of Madera were thinking about the education of their youth. On March 21, 1877, a public meeting was held to discuss the erection of a school building. Those early Maderans decided that evening to begin work at once. The building was 50 feet by 30 feet, had a 16-foot ceiling, and embraced all of the “modern improvements.” The school was built on two acres of land and was fenced and planted with numerous shade trees. Upon completion of the school, plans were made for the first church.
By April 1877, Madera, having no newspaper of its own, was getting regular press coverage in the Fresno Expositor. Under the heading of “Madera Items,” it was reported that a drove of antelope had crossed the railroad tracks at Madera on April 4th. Additionally, C.H. Evans had built a handsome verandah in front of his saloon and planned to cover it with an awning like the one above the entrance to the El Capitan Hotel in Merced. Further, Dr. Brown had purchased Sanford’s saloon, poured the whiskey out into the dirt street, and fitted up the building as a drug store.
In 1896, Madera became the county seat of newly created Madera County. During the same year construction on a new courthouse, jail, zoo and County Park began. In March of 1898 the first Chamber of Commerce was formed. Forty-nine men paid $2.50 charter membership dues.
Madera soon moved into the 20th century and continued to grow with the main part of town being three blocks long. The City of Madera was incorporated on March 27, 1907. Until pacing in 1912, those three blocks and the rest of the wide main street named Yosemite Avenue were chuck-holed and billowing with dust in the summer, thick with mud miring wagons to their axles in winter. The only relief from the dirt were several lengths of wooden sidewalks.
Several grocery stores including Rosenthal-Kutner, at the corner of Yosemite and E Street, sold general merchandise; everything from a pocket handkerchief to a harness as well as groceries. Others were Franchi’s Grocery, Rochdale, Wehrman-Meilike, Moore-Plate, Petty’s and Friedburger and Harder. Lacy Robertson’s Saloon at the corner of D and Yosemite had a swinging door on the corner. Depending on which report is read, it was one of 14…or 21 or 23… saloons on Yosemite Avenue. There were two banks on the same block, First National on one end and the Commercial Bank on the other end of the 200 block.
Other businesses included several Chinese restaurants, Mugler’s Harness Shop, several blacksmiths, McCabes Rooming House, Curtin’s Livery Stables, which took up a quarter block, and Brammer’s Shoe Store. Preciado’s, where Wells Fargo Bank is today, was a family store. Sporting goods, newspapers, millinery and stationery were available and an ice cream parlor with homemade ice cream. It was also where most Maderans gathered to listen to national radio broadcasts of important happenings such as elections, prizefights, baseball games and horse racing. Next door was the large Tighe-Breyfogle Company, a department store with yardage, shoes and men’s and women’s clothing.
Hunter’s Drugstore was the cool spot to be in the summer heat. They had ceiling fans over the front door and inside, ice cream chairs and tables and homemade ice cream. Mace’s Yosemite Hotel, the largest in town catered to the railroad passengers who spent the night before traveling on to Yosemite Valley. Others were the Southern Hotel on North B Street and Barsotti’s on the west side of town. The Southern was known as a “first class family hotel-no liquor sold.” Barsotti’s advertised meals for 25 cents. The arrival of passenger trains usually attracted a large number of people watching to see who got off and who was getting on.
There was a skating rink on the second floor of a south D street building that swayed when it had a crowd in it. It was the home of the Madera Polo Team that became the State Champion Roller Polo Team of California.
So, within half a year of its founding, the town of Madera began building its destiny, but not without some growing pains. Such was downtown Madera through the first two decades of the century and now we begin the first decade of the new century in which “history” will be created, then described in some future period. It’s all just a matter of time!
LUMBER PLAYED A KEY ROLE
It was the lumber industry that gave birth to the town of Madera, but for a while it was just barely alive. Twice its heartbeat almost ceased, and it was only through the courage of a handful of citizens that it was resuscitated.
Within a year after the founding of Madera by the California Lumber Company, that concern was in deep trouble. The devastating drought of 1877 created a panic throughout the entire San Joaquin Valley. Lumber piled up in the new Madera yards awaiting customers who never came. On February 20, the short-lived operation was declared bankrupt, and its properties passed to a San Jose bank.
On May 21, 1878, the officers of the bank, led by a man with the unusual name Return Roberts, incorporated another lumber company, the Madera Flume and Trading Company. This successor to the California Lumber Company continued the Madera logging operation and helped save the town from an early death. Two sawmills were constructed in the mountains, and soon lumber was once more making its way down the flume to the new little village of Madera. Adversity, however, remained poised and always threatened.
In 1881, a disastrous fire completely destroyed the lumberyards of Madera, and in the 1890’s, a nation wide depression put the Madera Flume and Trading Company on the verge of extinction. At that point, along came Elmer H. Cox, who with Return Roberts and Michigan lumber magnate Arthur Hill formed the third major lumber company in Madera. Under Cox’s astute direction, the Madera Sugar Pine Lumber Company was incorporated, and on May 8, 1899, it took over the assets of the Madera Flume and Trading Company.
The old lumber flume was rebuilt and extended. Logging techniques became more sophisticated as a logging railroad was pushed into the woods to enable loggers to cut timber at greater distances from the millpond. By the 1920’s, seven locomotives were needed to bring timber to the mill.
The Madera Sugar Pine Lumber Company existed for more than three decades and made money nearly every season. It harvested more than 50 million broad feet of timber annually and continued to pump life into Madera. Then in 1931, economic depression again raised its ugly head. Once more a nationwide depression destroyed the market for lumber, and the last log was finally cut.
Although the Madera yards continued to function for two more seasons, the mountain camp was closed for good. In due time, the locomotives, mill equipment, and other properties were sold, and the corporation known as the Madera Sugar Pine Lumber Company quietly disappeared. Today little remains of what was once the single most important economic force in Madera.
INEXTRICABLY BOUND
For more than 50 years the fortunes of Madera were inextricably bound to lumber; from 1876 to 1933, the town was nourished by timber. To a large degree, it was the resiliency of that industry that kept the town alive. By the time the death knell sounded for the lumber men, the farmers, who already had been contributing to the economy for many years, stood ready to fill the gap. Diversified agriculture took up where lumber left off, and today, Madera and Madera County harbor a rich farming economy.
Its eventual demise notwithstanding, the Madera Sugar Pine Lumber Company continues to be remembered. Its role in Madera’s history is too important to be forgotten. The legacy of its lumberjacks and the men who worked the mills in Madera will always enrich her story.
CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION… Celebrating 100 Years 1907-2007
On March 27, 2007, the City of Madera celebrated its 100th Anniversary. The City of Madera organized a Centennial Committee to develop plans for a series of events throughout the year. The following Centennial events were held and the public was invited and encourage to attend: the Old Timer’s Parade in September 2006 kicked off the year with a Centennial Theme; the City of Madera hosted a Centennial Kick-Off Celebration in January 2007 with an Open House at City Hall, followed by a City Council meeting with the reading of a Proclamation, by Bill Coate, designating 2007 as our Centennial Celebration year; the Madera Chamber of Commerce, along with the Madera Rotary Club and Madera Sunrise Rotary, hosted a Century Luncheon on March 27, 1907 celebrating our City’s 100th Birthday and heritage – a look at Madera’s Past, Madera Today, and Madera’s Future. This event also honored Jay Chapel and the Madera Tribune, celebrating over 100 years in business in Madera; the Madera City Council and Staff hosted the dedication of ‘Centennial Park’ (renaming Swimming Pool Park) located at the corner of 4th and Flume Streets. Mr. Mike Hinton and students of Madera High School presented the city with a Time Capsule; the Madera Chamber of Commerce hosted the annual Mayor’s Prayer Breakfast in celebration of the City’s century mark, the event honored individuals that have, and continue, to play a key role in defining the City of Madera. The City of Madera Parks and Community Services Department invited members of the community to join in the celebration of the City of Madera’s 100th birthday by adopting a Centennial Tree. Trees were planted on April 27th and October 20, 2007.
A portion of this information provided courtesy of the Madera County Historical Society and Bill Coate, a retired teacher from Sierra Vista Elementary School and writer for the Madera Tribune
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Great River Road, 2016
Alton School District Integration
By Lesley Thomson
Like many school districts in the north and south, the Alton School District was segregated starting in the late nineteenth century and was integrated in the mid-twentieth century due to pressure from African-American Civil Rights activists and the state and federal government.
Schools in Alton were integrated starting in 1873, allowing for African-American and white children to attend the same schools. In 1897 however, the City Council, as well as the Alton School Board, built two separate schools that were intended to be used by African-American students only.1 Authorities were able to initiate these segregatory practices through a city ordinance that allowed the Alton Board of Education to delegate which students attended which schools.2
In reaction to this resolution, the African American community of Alton resisted the decision and instead formed the Alton Citizens Committee (ACC), which filed a lawsuit against the city ordinance.
Two African-American students, Minnie and Ambrose Bibb, were selected by the ACC to file a lawsuit against the school district for unfair segregation, as they were barred from attending the school closest to their home. While waiting for the verdict, citizens participated in some sit-ins and boycotts to display their displeasure with segregation.3 Though in 1908 the Illinois Supreme Court ruled in favor of the pair of African-American children, the city of Alton responded to the ruling by stating that it only applied to those two specific students, and thereby nullified the decision for the African-American community as a whole.
For the next five decades, African American residents continued to fight against segregation within their school district. By the 1950s, Alton’s NAACP helped to rally more than 300 black citizens to refute the antiquated ruling of 1908. They began to send their children to the closest school, regardless of its designation as white.4 More than 175 students attempted to integrate Alton’s school district in January of 1950, only for school officials to mandate that they must seek administrative approval for their transfer. After the initial attempt at registration, the more radical elements of Alton’s community burned crosses throughout the area.5 In response to these acts, the NAACP filed suit against the Alton School District, arguing that they should not receive any state funding due to its continued segregationist practices.6
Though their suit was initially dismissed by Judge Maxwell of Madison County’s Circuit Court, the NAACP renewed their lawsuit and retained attorney William Robert Ming, who would later receive notoriety for his involvement in the Supreme Court case that declared public school segregation as unconstitutional, Brown v. Board of Education. Ming helped the NAACP of Alton and Elijah Conley, father of a disabled African American child who wished to transfer to an “all-white” school near his house.7 Afraid of fines, losing their state funding, and going against Illinois state sanctions which prohibited segregatory practices, the Alton School District began accepting African American student transfers to white schools in the fall of 1952.8 Transfers of African Americans into white schools allowed for the court case to be dismissed in the Edwardsville Courts.9
More than a decade later, the Alton School District was praised for its peaceful transition of racial integration within its schools. In 1963, The Alton Telegraph highlighted the district’s integration efforts as “peaceful.”10 By the 1971, Alton’s integration efforts, while commendable, were placed under examination by the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for de jure segregation practices that stemmed from inequalities in housing. Working with the Committee of the Board that initiated the charges, the Alton School District set in place a plan to help alleviate further disputes. It allowed for a survey that would help to continue to promote the desegregation of the Alton school district, as well as the recruitment of more African-American teachers into the school system to offer support and guidance for African-American students.11 With these initiatives in place, the Alton School District continued the progress of their renewed integration efforts that began in the 1950s.
For more, see these Oral Histories
William (Bill) Haine Oral History Interview
Mike McNamara Oral History Interview
Wendell and Barb McAfoos Oral History Interview
Sam Stemm Oral History Interview
Endnotes [ + ]
1. arrow_upward Shirley J. Portwood, “We Lift Our Voices in Thunder Tones: African American Race Men and Race Women and Community Agency in Southern Illinois, 1895-1910,” Journal of Urban History 26, no. 6 (September 2000), 741.
2. arrow_upward William Henry Michael, William Mack, Howard Pervear Nash, James Cockroft, and Thomas Edward O’Brien, Encyclopedia of Forms and Precedents for Pleading and Practice: At Common Law, in Equity, and Under the Various Codes and Practice Acts, Encyclopedia 1900, 862.
3. arrow_upward Portwood, 742 and 751-752.
4. arrow_upward Alton Evening Telegraph, 17 January 1950.
5. arrow_upward Alton Evening Telegraph, 19 August 1950.
6. arrow_upward Ibid.
7. arrow_upward Alton Evening Telegraph, 3 February, 1950. Thanks to Dr. Eric J. Robinson for information about Elijah Conley.
8. arrow_upward Alton Evening Telegraph, 7 March 1952.
10. arrow_upward Alton Evening Telegraph 4 September 1963
11. arrow_upward Alton Evening Telegraph 10 August 1971
Cite this article: Lesley Thomson, "Alton School District Integration," Madison Historical: The Online Encyclopedia and Digital Archive for Madison County, Illinois, last modified May 7, 2020, https://madison-historical.siue.edu/encyclopedia/alton-school-district-integration/.
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Ruminations 94: "The Mechanics of Perfection," Reflections on the Swearing In of Supreme Court Justice Amy Coney Barrett
Pix Credit Here
The process leading to the eventual swearing in of Amy Cony Barrett as an Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court on 26 October 2020 (here) has absorbed the American elites, no elite field more than ts lawyers and lawyer academics. There was good reason for that, of course. And that is the problem. Having legalized politics over the course of the last century, and constructed the judiciary as its arbiters, the fortunes of political factions ride on the selection of appointees to its highest court. Serendipity and longevity favored the liberal faction in the short run--producing majorities or close dissents by a group of jurists who held on during the last years of the last Democratic Administration. But in the long term, it appears, fortune favored certain factions of traditionalists, especially since the (to their political enemies) unexpected election of Mr. Trump in 2016. So now, having invested authority and legitimacy in the courts, having placed them as the overseers of law, of administrative discretion, and of the meaning of political action, the political enemies of the forces assumed to be represented by the newest Associate Justice face the prospect of a court which would no longer reliably be their instrument (at lest from the perspective of ideology)
The wheel turns; it will no doubt turn again. But that is of little comfort to contemporary combatants who will mostly not live long enough to see that happen. The politics and ideology that drives this combat, and the specifics of the individuals involved, has produced much passion; it has revealed much by way of ideological preference. But it has revealed far more than that--it has exposed the peculiar tick of American legal culture that has over the course of the last century transformed American politics as well as its conception of law. It is simply this:
American philosophy of law is better understood as theology than as that traditional American academic or pragmatic discourse that styles itself philosophy. The mechanics of an American philosophy of law provides a basis in reason for an American theology of faith in the perfectibility of law. The relationship among reason, faith, and truth (perfection) better defines an American philosophy of law than do traditional, merely rational, conceptions. (Larry Catá Backer, 'The Mechanics of Perfection: Philosophy, Theology and the Foundations of American Law,' in On Philosophy in American Law 44-52 (Francis J. Mootz, Jr., ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
Americans continue to ask a sideways (I was going to write "wrong" but that itself suggests the alignment of law with some sort of state pf perfection) question of their law and of their judges; they ask if the law is perfect and the application is the right "one." They seek judges who can be instruments of this striving toward perfection--will the judge deliver the "right" result in the form of a "correctly written" opinion? Perhaps they might better ask whether the law is suitable for the times and whether the judge is able to deliver some sort of plausible interpretation. The core question, perhaps, then should be plausibility rather than perfection. Perfection belongs to the realms of morals, politics, theology, and ideology--subjects suitable for argument, and battle in which the legal system serves as crucible. Americans, however, have long rejected the notion law follows rather than leads social transformation. It is just that the ancient document through which this transformation is to be realized continues to pull in the opposite direction in a sometimes most inconvenient way.
Still, Americans now embrace the ideology of perfection. A perfectible law requires perfectible jurists. Neither is possible. Our system was not designed to produce the perfect state, reflected in perfect law, overseen by a perfect magistracy. Americans once left that striving toward perfection to moralists, politicians. . . . and eventually to our Leninists. The task of the law (once essentially private) was to strive toward perfectibility as it suited the times. It was left to moral-politics to guide suitability. That is both the genius and the tragedy of the contemporary American political-juridical system, now built as it is on the necessary scientism (ad with it notions of perfection) of the administrative state. The conflict around the suitability of Amy Coney Barrett, then, reflects the way law is now understood as the expression of a striving for (eternal?) perfection--a theological and Leninist conception--one that requires the perfectible instrument for its delivery. And it is to that that these brief reflections are directed.
1. Americans (or at least those of its legal and academic elites who constitute its self appointed magisterium) have come a long way from the notions of Justinian's Institutes and that of the ancient common law that law and justice is understood as an interactive process in which people are accorded their due. (Institutes Bk 1, tit. 1 § 3 ("The precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, and to give every man his due.")). "The philosophy of perfection, thus, can be subsumed under a greater objective – the search for perfect order. The amalgamation of rechtsstaat with the substantive basis of a Sozialstaat, the perfect order merges expression (law), means (government) and mechanics (philosophy) into a dynamic whole that ultimately achieves rest (the end of striving) and thus, peace." (Larry Catá Backer, 'The Mechanics of Perfection: Philosophy,' supra).
2. Perfection, though, is ultimately a moral concept. From the "Latin perfectus "completed, excellent, accomplished, exquisite," past participle of perficere "accomplish, finish, complete" (here), it suggests the end point of a process that leads from darkness and error, from that which is incomplete and unfinished, to that which in itself requires nothing further. It is the ultimate state of rest, the end of striving--of thinking. For some that well describes death (of individuals, society, moral systems,etc) but to others it signas the end of politics, of conflict.
3. Law can be made perfect. That is what one learns today. It is an instrument but also the evidence of the striving toward fulfillment, toward the end of striving, toward the "right" answer "correctly" derived. It is in this sense a moral (and for secularists a Leninist) project. But at the same time it is inherent in the ideology of Enlightenment science that saw in all things (including the social (now understood itself as a "science" in its own right) the right answer to identified problems. Together this Fides et Ratio (faith ad reason) provided the foundation for the sense that law did not merely strive express and apply social or communal custom (changed either as a matter of course as generations of its members were born, lived and died) or by its political instruments established through public and private organs. Rather law was the expression of social perfection.
4. In the US:
This ideal state can realized by embracing truth as it exists outside of an individual – either in divine command (or grace, or law) or in the inspired will of the community at its most potent. It is (or apes) messianism, with or without religion, “What I call messianicity without messianism is a call, a promise of an independent future for what is to come, and which comes like every messiah in the shape of peace and justice, a promise independent of religion, that is to say universal.” (Derrida and De Cauter 2006: 268-269). That is, perfection arrives from the top (the divine or the apparatus of government) down (the people and their customs) or from the bottom up, that is organically constructed as an articulation of the community's aggregate beliefs and behaviors. How that occurs, through judge or legislature, is the substance of the philosophy of law. (Larry Catá Backer, 'The Mechanics of Perfection: Philosophy,' supra citing Jacques Derrida & Lieven De Cauter. ‘For a justice to come. An Interview with Jacques Derrida’ (Lasse Thomassen (ed.), The Derrida-Habermas Reader, Edinburgh: Edinburgh U. Press, Edinburgh, 2006:259-69).
As Justice Scalia was fond of saying: “Modern governments . . . are thought to derive their authority from the consent of the governed, and the laws they prescribe are enacted by the people’s representatives. Such a system is quite incompatible with the making (or the “finding”) of law by judges—and most especially by unelected judges.” (Scalia, Antonin. “Book Review.” Reviewing Steven D. Smith. Law’s Quandary. Harvard University Press, 2005. First Things 157:37-46 (2005), p. 40 ). The apparatus of state thus serves as the means of a perfection the measure of which is its constitution and the guardian of which remains the judge.
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Alexander Panayotov
(biography, photos, videos) Aleksandr Panayotov
Name: Alexander Panayotov ( Panayotov Aleksandr )
Date of birth: 1 July 1984
Place of birth: Zaporozhye, Ukraine
Activity: the Russian singer of Ukrainian origin, composer, and performer
Alexander Panayotov: biography
According to many critics, the voice of Alexander Panayotov has some uniqueness, which allowed the singer to be on the fast climb to the musical Olympus of the Russian show-business. That guy’s got undeniable talent, even can not speak, evidenced by his achievements and awards, of which there are plenty are in the kitty of the contractor.
Alexander Panayotov | POLITIAND
Alexander was born in the summer of 1984 in a family of cooks in the face of mom and employee of the construction sector. The music had only the singer’s sister, who studied in music school. Biography of Alexander Panayotov related to music in early childhood, musical ability he showed before. The first «concerts», which he gave at a kindergarten, was held with the same notice. Studied Panayotov in a multidisciplinary school, where he was chosen Humanities class. The exact science was not the boy in favor. He gladly leaned on literature and languages, sparing only one in his school did not teach art history.
Childhood singer | See All
«Adult» scene Alexander Panayotov first came out in 9 years. He sang the famous song «Beautiful far» Yevgeny Krylatov and became a school star. This success prompted the young artist to further improve the talent, and he went to music school. There he enrolled in the vocal Studio «Youth».
On stage | See All
In 15 years the young artist has already had his own repertoire. In that period mentor Sasha was Vladimir Artemyev, in the Studio which Panayotova first held auditions. Next, a talented guy takes part in various music competitions such as the «Morning star», «Slavic Bazaar», and «black sea games»,which at that time already went beyond Ukraine.
Photo by Alexander Panayotov | Fan site of the singer
A novice artist graduated with honours from the both the average and the music school. After selection of Sasha fell at the Kiev state College of circus arts. After some time on the faculty of pop vocal, the boy leaves the walls of the institution – participation in various tournaments of the music left no free time.
In Moscow, Alexander Panayotov took part in the TV show «Popstars» and managed to reach the final. Back in Kiev, the singer entered the University of culture and arts. He started a band, calling it «Alliance». The team, which consisted of 5 people, Panayotov was the soloist. The group quickly began to enjoy success. In 2003 the «Alliance» has toured not only in Ukraine but also in CIS countries.
In the same breakthrough 2003 Panayotov again took part in the popular Russian reality show, which aired on the channel «Russia». It was a contest «people’s artist». And again the victory: Alexander reached the final and got silver. Here the famous Moscow producers Eugene Fridlyand and Kim Breitburg offered by talented 7-year contract, which he signed. Participation in this project noted that Panayotov managed to get on stage and sing a duet with Larisa Dolina, creativity is the guy I have loved since childhood. In addition, participation in the contest brought Sasha and friendship with Alexey Chumakov.
After signing Alexander, along with other finalists of «people’s artist» has toured in Russia. The creative biography of Alexander Panayotov was brilliant. In 2006 he released his debut album «Lady of rain». In the spring of 2010 there was a second album, entitled «Formula of love».
After the expiration of the contract Panayotov became an independent artist. It successfully toured in Russia and the CIS, and then went on international tour to Israel, Germany, France, Spain and other countries. In 2013, the singer gave his fans the third Studio album, «alpha and omega». Songs Alexander Panayotov was a success.
In July 2014 Panayotov presented a new solo program, which was timed to its 30th anniversary. The concert took place at the concert hall «Mir». And in may of 2015, Alexander was entrusted to act in the General Assembly hall of the UN. Here in new York held a concert dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second world war. Russian singer sang the famous war songs accompanied by the orchestra of Oleg Lundstrem.
In December of the same year, Alexander Panayotov performed at the concert, which was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Frank Sinatra. Its performance was again accompanied by the chamber orchestra of Lundstrem. The contractor was one of the headliners of this concert and brilliantly performed several hits Sinatra.
Speaking about Alexander Panayotov, not to mention his work in film. With such actively developing the career of singer the guy manages to Shine in the film.
Alexander Panayotov | Tekstpesen.net
Film debut artist in 2006, became the series «Not born beautiful» Nelly Uvarova. Here a guy got a cameo role. After a year in his performance sounded the song «So close» for the Russian version of the movie «Enchanted». Tried Panayotov and voice acting. This guy is not going to stop. He sees himself in the title role of the drama or fiction.
Alexander Panayotov 2016
2016 gave the fans of this great artist of two new tracks, «Invincible», the words and music to which the artist wrote himself, and «Intravenous». But even more, the singer has pleased its fans with a appearance in season 5 of the popular TV show «the Voice.» Presentation by Alexander Panayotov in the blind auditions made a splash. Mentors of the project, all without exception returned to Alexander and Grigory Leps, Leonid Agutin, Polina Gagarina, Dima Bilan.
To participate in the project the singer decided under the tutelage of Grigory Leps. The audience does not doubt that the talented performer will be one of the most exciting contestants this season.
Perhaps due to her triumphant performance in «the Voice», and also thanks to the singing skill of the singer predicting the representation of Russia at «Eurovision — 2017». It should be noted that since 2005, Alexander made several attempts to qualify. Most successful in this respect was the year 2008 when due to the advantage of one point to the international competition went to Dima Bilan, who brought his country its first win.
Personal life Alexander Panayotov
Joke the actor talks about his first love in kindergarten. Then, like its peers, had a romantic relationship in high school. The information ends.
Alexander Panayotov | Photo.Guzei.com
Personal life Alexander Panayotov long been interested in the army of his fans and the paparazzi. But the singer is so carefully hides all that he does not consider intended for prying eyes to tell about his private life absolutely nothing. Does only what he has to say or show. For example, in 2013, Sasha is laid out on the page in an intriguing Instagram photo, where next to him is the young singer Eva Queen. Panayotov congratulated the girl with the birthday. But I guess if this novel were, then no further consequences in the form of the wedding, he had not.
Companion Alexander Panayotov | RussianShowbiz
The conclusion that Alexander is ready to creation of family, admirers of his talent did not long ago. And again, they learned only that allowed them singer. He wrote in his Twitter laconic message: «I Want my son!». What would it mean – will show the near future.
2006 — «Lady rain»
2010 — «Formula of love»
2013 — «alpha and omega»
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UN hails President Kenyatta’s vision on Africa’s Blue Economy
StatusFeaturedKenya
By Abdirisak M Tuuryare Last updated Nov 28, 2018
NAIROBI – The Sustainable Blue Economy Conference concludes in the Kenyan capital, Nairobi. Siddharth Chatterjee, the United Nations Resident Coordinator and U.N. Development Programme Resident Representative to Kenya, spoke to IPS about the economic potential of oceans, lakes and rivers for Africa.
Excerpts follow:
Inter Press Service (IPS): We are seeing this great, inclusive African voice at the conference. Dr Cyrus Rustomjee, the former economic director for the Commonwealth Secretariat said we will look back to this point in five years’ time and say ‘This is where it all started’. He said that how the blue economy plays out in Africa is a make or break example for the model. What are your thoughts on this?
Siddharth Chatterjee (SC): I entirely agree with him. I would start by commending the President of Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta, for the vision and foresight he’s had in terms of what this new frontier of African economic renaissance looks like. And there is nothing that matches the potential of the multi-trillion dollar opportunity that the Blue Economy provides, which is perhaps not even conceivable in a land-based economy. I would like to also commend the vision and leadership of the governments of Canada and Japan for co-hosting this historic Blue Economy Conference with the government of Kenya.
So in my view, this is going to be the game-changer for what the new Africa, in terms of the new economic model and perhaps an economic miracle would come up with over the next few years. Most importantly, Africa is at the cusp of a demographic dividend, with the biggest youth bulge ever in its history. The median age of Africa is about 19 years old. What we need to see happen is that young people, and women in particular, are brought into the centre of the conversation and into the narrative of the Blue Economy.
Abdirisak M Tuuryare 2 weeks ago
That will be the definitive feature that will help to become the very engine of driving the exponential growth of the Blue Economy.
So once again, without inclusion, without ensuring that the Blue Economy gets interconnected, which perhaps allows the opportunity of the free trade agreement [the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)] that we recently signed in Rwanda. This gives it wheels, this gives it momentum.
What I see is the entire United Nations family in Kenya, which is united behind the government of Kenya’s initiative, of bringing all of Africa together in terms of this change potential.
Perhaps, with the establishment of an Africa-wide trust fund on the Blue Economy – which really is about capacitating governments, whether landlocked or countries lying on rivers, lakes and other water bodies — we improve governance of the Blue Economy.
IPS: We are seeing a huge commitment here in terms of African governments. Kenya is not just talking, but acting by launching the country’s newly-formed Kenya Coast Guard Service, with the president’s ‘Eat more fish’ campaign, which aims to support the local fisheries industry. Kenya is positioning itself in terms of being a leader in driving the Blue Economy. Kenya has also managed to get other leaders to commit to developing Blue Economies. What do you see in the future in terms of Kenya’s role?
SC: I may be slightly biased as the U.N. Resident Coordinator to Kenya. I actually see Kenya as a window to the soul of Africa. Kenya has the ports. Tt has the infrastructure. It is interconnected. It is a beacon of hope in a region of enormous instability. In fact it represents everything that we want to see happen all across Africa. And therefore to me Kenya becomes even more crucial in becoming the convener and the facilitator of the entire Blue Economy dialogue.
So what is going to be most important is the post-event. And already we have seen from the Kenyan Foreign Minister Monica Juma where she is emphatic that she wants to see follow-through. She asked me as the UNDP Representative to Kenya here as well as the UNDP Africa Bureau Director Ahunna Eziakonw to help Kenya in the journey forward. Which is exactly what we intend to do.
The U.N. secretary general António Guterres, the U.N. deputy secretary general Amina Mohammed have given us marching orders. They have told all the U.N. offices in Africa to get behind this, because this is the new frontier of African economic growth.
IPS: What are your thoughts now in terms of African participation going forward? What are the next steps involved?
SC: This is precisely what the intergovernmental bodies, which are already present, plus the African Union needs to be very much at the centre of this [the AU is driving the Blue Economy with its Africa Union Integrated Maritime Strategy (AIMS 2050)] and is ensuring that the convergence takes place.
But you also need personalities to drive it and what I find is that in President Uhuru Kenyatta we have the kind of pragmatic leader who has the ability to reach across countries, to reach out to heads of state. He’s a very affable and personable, and gets along very well with everybody.
In fact, a good model is the Kenya/Ethiopia cross-border programme that he initiated in 2015. And it has become a model which was recently showcased in the U.N. General Assembly in New York.
I just think that he is the right person to move it forward. And this is going to be an important part of his legacy.
IPS: What do you think can be done in terms of including inland African states in this Blue Economy?
SC: When you talk about a free trade agreement, it covers all states. Now states will have to be connected by infrastructure because they need to move their goods, services and people. And that infrastructure means roads and bridges and everything else that goes towards and leads to ports. We can’t just be using airports to get things out and this will lead to ports. And therefore everybody has an equal stake in the progress of a Blue Economy. And keep in mind that Europe is ageing, the Asian Tigers are ageing. It is being referred to as the demographic echo. The new markets for Europe and the Asian Tigers will be in Africa. So it is actually a big win for the United States, for Canada, for Europe, for the Asian Tigers, to really come together and see progress in Africa. Because this way, everybody wins.
Ethiopia to be given a key port in Somalia
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Massive migrant workers return to E China for jobs closer to home
Kenyan army bombs civilian targets in Somalia
Cash bailout for Somaliland farmers hit by locusts
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Is Snap a Value Investment?
June 6, 2019 June 6, 2019 daniel average revenue per user (APRU), company behind Snapchat, Is Snap a Value Investment?, Is Snap Making Money?, Is Snap Worthless?, Snap (NYSE: SNAP), Snap is Losing Money, Snap vs. Facebook, Stay away from Snap
Many will ask is Snap a value investment because the company behind Snapchat was trading at $13.98 on 6 June 2019. Yet, Zephoria estimates Snapchat had 190 million users in 1st Quarter 2019.
Moreover, Zephoria notes, “as of March 2019, “Snapchat reached 90 percent of all 13-24-year-olds and 75 percent of all 13-34-year-olds in the U.S.” Additionally, Zephoria calculates Snapchat had 60 million active users in Europe and 79 daily active users in North America in 1st Quarter 2019.
Hence, Snap (NYSE: SNAP) has a low share price; yet its social network reaches advertisers’ most sought after consumers. Advertisers like the under-34 crowd because they are more likely to change brands. Moreover, today’s 25-year-old club girl is tomorrow’s soccer mom; and household shopper, and she is using Snapchat.
Is Snap Making Money?
Notably, Zephoria claims Snapchat’s average revenue per user (APRU) was $1.21 in 1st Quarter 2019. Snapchat’s APRU grew by 39% between 1st Quarter 2018 and 1st Quarter 2019, Zephoria estimates.
However, Snap reported an operating loss of -$316 million and a net loss of $310.41 million on 31 March 2019. Plus, Snap recorded a gross profit of $116.66 million on revenues of $320.43 million for 1st Quarter 2019.
Thus, Snap’s losses are nearly equal to its revenues. Under those circumstances, I have to wonder how Snap stays in operations. My guess is that Snap is borrowing money to cover its operating costs.
Snap is Losing Money
Correspondingly, Snap reports a negative operating cash flow of -$66.18 million and a negative free cash flow of -$77.96 million for 31 March 2019. Plus, there is an investing cash flow of -$80.93 million on the same day.
Thus, Snap burns cash to stay in business. However, Snap claimed to have $246.64 million in cash and equivalents and $963.09 million in short term investments on 31 March 2019. Therefore, Snap claimed to have $1.208.75 billion in liquid assets at the end of March.
Given those circumstances, Snap can stay in business by borrowing against that money. Yet there is no sign, any of Snap’s social media properties are making money.
Snap vs. Facebook
I regard Snap as the opposite of Facebook (NASDAQ: FB). Facebook generates vast amounts of money from its social media properties.
Impressively, Facebook recorded a gross profit of $12.261 billion, an operating income of $3.317 billion, and a net income of $2.429 billion on 31 March 2019. Facebook also reported a quarterly operating cash flow of $9.308 billion; and a free cash flow of $5.471 billion, on the same day.
Thus it is easy to see why Facebook shareholders voted to keep Mark Zuckerberg on the job at their 30 May 2019 annual meeting. Zuckerberg gave shareholders $45.243 billion reasons to keep him. The company had $45.243 billion in cash and short-term investments on 31 March 2019.
Consequently, there is no contest between Facebook and Snap. I think Facebook is a good stock that Mr. Market accurately priced at $177.83 on 31 May 2019. Conversely, I think Snap is junk that Mr. Market overpriced at $11.89 a share on the same day.
Is Snap Worthless?
Notably, the losses at Snap indicate the company’s APRU number could be worthless.
Additionally, Snap’s user base is questionable because it is full of Americans and Europeans under 34, the so-called Millennials. There are statistics that show Millennials have less money than other age groups.
Specifically, Americans Millennials could earn 20% less than their parents, a group called Young Individuals claims. Plus, Pew Research estimates income for Millennials without a college degree has declined in recent years.
Is Snapchat Marketing to People with no Money?
On the other hand, Pew estimates incomes for Millennials with college degrees are increasing. Conversely, Millennials owe a large percentage of $1.56 trillion in student loan debt, Student Loan Hero estimates Americans have accumulated.
In fact, 69% of American college students now take out college loans, Student Loan Hero calculates. Furthermore, Student Loan Hero claims the average millennial graduates from college owing $29,800 in student loans.
Under these circumstances, Snap could market to people with no money. It’s supposedly valuable demographic has no cash to buy anything with.
Thus, Zuckerberg is having the last laugh on the all the people who make fun of Facebook because mom and grandmother use it. Mom and grandmother are more likely to have full bank accounts than the trendy millennials.
Advertisers and marketers are unlikely to pay for access to Snapchat given some of these numbers. So I have to wonder what value a social media company that targets the broke twenty-something demographic has?
Stay away from Snap
Given this data, I advise investors to stay away from Snap. In fact, the only way I can see Snap making money is to sell the company to a larger business like Facebook or Microsoft (NYSE: MSFT).
Predictably, Snap (NYSE: SNAP) pays no dividend and I don’t expect that to change soon. There is no value at Snap only a questionable social network that makes no money. Investors need to stay away from this company.
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November 10, 2017 November 10, 2017 daniel
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Sister Rita Marie Regan, MM
Entered: July 2, 1931
On Saturday, November 4, 2006, at approximately 11:30 pm, Sister Rita Marie Regan died in her room in Residential Caare III at Maryknoll, New York. Sister Rita Marie turned 99 this year and celebrated her 75 anniversary as a Maryknoll Sister.
Marie E. Regan, the second child of Mary McFarlane Regan and William Regan, was born in Fairhaven, MA. on May 22, 1907. Her one sibling, Maryknoll Bishop Joseph W. Regan, MM has predeceased her. Marie attended Sacred Hearts Academy and Fairhaven High School, graduating in 1924. She then studied for a year at Chandler Secretarial School, and for five years worked at C.C. Buchard & Co., in Boston, before entering the Maryknoll Sisters Congregation on July 2, 1931. Her brother had entered the Maryknoll Society four years earlier. Years later their home Diocese of Fall River, MA, would refer to them as the “remarkable Regans” and the “dynamic duo”.
Marie made her First Profession of Vows on January 6, 1934, receiving the religious name of Sr. Rita Marie, which she kept for the rest of her life. Like her brother, she was assigned to China and it was in Hong Kong that she made her Final Vows on January 6, 1937.
Sister Rita Marie’s long life has spanned much of the life of Maryknoll itself. Her 1934 and 1951, envelop a very significant period of Maryknoll history, including World War II and two years of Chinese communism. During this time, Sister served in Tungshek and Shuichai dedicating herself to direct evangelization, i.e., home visiting and catechetics, following the missionary ideals and methods of Maryknoll Bishop Francis X. Ford. She and the other Sisters lived closely among the Chinese people spending time in their villages, learning from them, teaching them and loving them. From 1946 to 1951, Sister Rita Marie was named Superior of the Maryknoll Sisters in the Vicariate of Kaying, and was known for being wise, organized and warmly caring of the Sisters. The Sisters remember her as adaptable and accepting of many things without complaint, praying for understanding rather than say an unkind word about anyone. In Kaying, along with four other Maryknoll Sisters, she was placed under house arrest for several months until being expelled in 1951 by the communist government.
At that time, Sister Rita Marie returned to the United States for her first home visit in 17 years. For two years she worked in the Promotion Department, being called on to give many talks about China. From 1953 to 1971, she was assigned to Taiwan, and worked again in direct postolate in Miaoli where she was both Mission Superior and Local Superior. To enhance her work with adults, she took a Social Leadership course at Coady International Institute in Antigonish, Canada, receiving a diploma in May 1967.
In 1971, Sister returned to Maryknoll to complete studies in Community Service at Rogers College while working part-time as a secretary in the Development Department. She received her Bachelor’s degree in 1973 and returned again to Taiwan. In Toufen she engaged once more in home visiting and teaching catechetics, and set up an adult education program for women and young workers. By 1989 she was culminating 34 years in the Miaoli area, when she retired to Taichung, Taiwan, to a more reduced schedule of pastoral work. When she left Toufen, it was said that she would probably always be remembered as “the Sister who rode her bicycle until she was 80!”
In the same serene and peaceful way in which she is said to have lived her whole life, Sister Rita Marie knew when to adjust to her various steps of retirement. She accompanied her beloved brother for some months prior to his death in the Philippines in 1994, and then retired to Maryknoll. N.Y. She never lost interest in all that was going on in the Maryknoll world and was faithful to her prayer ministries for the Orientation Program and the Maryknoll Lay Missioners.
A highlight of Sister Rita Marie’s life came in 1988, when, after 37 years absence, Sister had the joy of returning to mainland China with four other Maryknoll Sisters who had served in Kaying. She wrote of how impressed she was by the number of young people present at the dedication of a new church the Sisters attended in Hingning. Visiting their former mission in Kaying, the Sisters renewed bonds of faith and friendship with catechists, priests, sisters and other Catholics, the faces of many of whom revealed the suffering and years of imprisonment endured during the revolution. Yet no bitterness was expressed, only happiness in the sharing of tears and laughter with old friends, and in seeing the blessed fruits of Maryknollers’ labor several decades earlier.
Today we express our sympathy to Sister’s many friends, particularly to the Sisters and priests who served with her in mission in China and Taiwan, as well as to the caring staff and companions in Maryknoll Residential Care who had come to know and love Sister Rita Marie during her later years.
We welcome and express our gratitude to all who have come this morning and to Maryknoll Father J. David Sullivan who will preside at the Liturgy of Christian Burial for Sister Rita Marie.
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Guide To The Nascar Championship
Filed Under:best of, Guide To The Nascar Championship, Homestead Miami Speedway, Juan Pablo Montoya, Kurt Busch, Miami, NASCAR, Niema Hulin, racing, Shiver's BBQ, Travel & Outdoors
(http://www.homesteadmiamispeedway.com/)
Head south of Miami to hob nob with your favorite racing celebrities like Kurt Busch and Miami’s own Juan Pablo Montoya. This is your one-stop guide to savings, information and more at the Nascar Championship in the Homestead Miami Speedway.
Nascar Championship
1 Ralph Sanchez Speedway Blvd.
www.homesteadmiamispeedway.com
It’s that time of year again when race fans congregate to the southernmost part of South Florida to see racing’s elite take on the Homestead Miami Speedway in a weekend packed with racing and fried fodder that would make the fair blush. The Nascar Championship takes place November 15-17 and is when South Florida truly earns the southern part of its name. Whether this is your first or fourteenth time attending this event, make the most out of your experience and your money by planning ahead. Read on to get all of the race day and special event information as well as pricing and recommended local eateries.
Gates open on November 15 at 10 a.m. and feature a full day of practice and qualifying races for all three main races. It ends with the Nascar Camping World Truck Series Ford Eco Boost 200 Race at 8 p.m. The following day, November 16, gates open at 11:30 a.m. for the Coke Zero Fan Club and ends with the Nascar Nationwide Ford Eco Boost 300 Race in the afternoon. The final day begins at 10 a.m. with the Coke Zero Fan club followed by racer meet-and-greets featuring Juan Pablo Montoya and Kurt Busch. It all ends with the Nascar Sprint Cup Series Ford Eco Boost 400 Race at 3 .pm.
Main Races
There are three main races at the Nascar Championship. On Friday, November 15, watch trucks take on the track in the Nascar Camping World Truck Series Ford Eco Boost 200 Race. Then come back the next day for the Nascar Nationwide Ford Eco Boost 300 Race, which has previously featured winners Kyle Busch and Dale Earnhardt Jr. It all builds up to the biggest race of the weekend, the Nascar Sprint Cup Series Ford Eco Boost 400 Race whose past winners include Brad Keselowski, Tony Stewart and last year’s winner, Jeff Gordon. Purchase tickets to all three events or attend the first day to watch the qualifying and practice races for all three main races.
There is an affordable ticket price for everyone whether you plan on experiencing the entire weekend or just one day. If you’re a family of four, choose the Walmart Family Track Pack which includes four tickets to the Ford Eco Boost 400 race, four coke products and four hot dogs for $99, or get an individual tickets for $35 and up depending on race choice and seating location. There are are also two-day and three-day passes, which include tickets to the main race of your choice. Prices range from $75 to $350 depending on the package. General parking is free.
Related: A Guide To Zoo Miami
Nascar Championship Weekend also includes plenty of interactive events to enhance your race day repertoire. The best bet is the Coke Zero Fan Club. This add-on is only $80 and includes a free buffet, unlimited coke products, three beer coupons, a Q&A with Coca Cola race car drivers and a pre-race pitt pass, which gives you access to race pits on Saturday or Sunday. Another option worth exploring is either the Travis Pastrana Q&A or Race Day with Montoya featuring Colombian-born racer Juan Pablo Montoya. Both events include a Q&A, a pit pass and one ticket to the Ford Eco Boost 300 Race. The Montoya event also includes an additional ticket to the Ford Eco Boost 400 race.
(Source: http://www.shiversbbq.com)
Nearby Dining
Shiver’s BBQ
28001 S. Dixie Highway
www.shiversbbq.com/
Nascar is a southern tradition and there is no better way to honor it than to pair it with another southern staple. Shiver’s BBQ is only five miles away from the Homestead Miami Speedway and you can treat your family or friends to a filling meal featuring BBQ pork or chicken, cheese fries, onion rings and even fried okra. Finish it off with a slice of key lime pie or fried cheesecake and you’ve got a homestyle, southern fried feast right in the heart of Homestead. It’s a great alternative to race day meal packages.
Related: Best Weekend Getaways In The South Florida Area
Niema Hulin was born in Newark, NJ but raised in Lexington, South Carolina for the bulk of her formative years. In 2002, she moved to Miami after graduating from the University of Florida. Since then, Niema has worked in film, television and commercials as a Production Assistant and Production Coordinator. Some of her films have included Bad Boys II and I Am Number IV. Her work can be found at Examiner.com.
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Rob Nabors ’93 is President Obama’s deputy chief of staff. . . . Thaddeus “T.J.” Jones ’89 serves on the Pontifical Council for Social Communications — he’s the pope’s Twitter guy. #Wow. . . . John Sears ’60 was Ronald Reagan’s campaign manager and Richard Allen ’57, ’58M.A. was President Reagan’s national security advisor. . . . Kelvin Edward Felix ’69M.A., archbishop emeritus of Castries, Saint Lucia, was elevated to cardinal in February. . . . Mike Carroll ’68, whose 1990 photo documentary on Romania’s war orphans and child victims of AIDS attracted international attention, started and is president of Romanian Children’s Relief, with two dozen professionals and about 500 volunteers supporting more than 2,000 abandoned and handicapped children annually. . . . In 1963, Sonnie Wellington Hereford IV ’79 became the first African American to attend a previously all-white primary or secondary school in Alabama, despite attempts by then-Governor George Wallace to block his entrance. . . . Ignacio E. Lozano ’47, who was once a U.S. ambassador to El Salvador, has been editor, publisher and now chairman of the board for La Opinión, the major Spanish-speaking newspaper based in Los Angeles. . . . Ernesto Pérez Balladares ’67, ’69M.A. was president of Panama from 1994 to ’99. . . .
After Visiting Friends: A Son’s Story, by Michael Hainey ’86, deputy editor of GQ magazine, was a New York Times bestseller and one of Amazon’s “Top 100 Books of 2013.” . . . John Phillips ’66 is the U.S. ambassador to Italy. . . . Sean Smith ’09 has moved to Bermuda to train to sail around the world. . . . Tara Hyer Tira ’08, an all-Big East diver for the Irish, has moved to the high, high dive, competing in the 2013 FINA World Championships in Barcelona and the Red Bull Cliff Diving World Series in Malcesine, Italy. . . . Jimmy Small ’08, selected in 2012 as of one the sports industry’s 10 next stars under age 30 from around the world by SportsPro Magazine, was named by NASCAR in December as president of the Iowa Speedway, the first race track the sanctioning body has ever owned. . . . Thom Browne ’88, founder and head of design for his own clothing brand, was the Council of Fashion Designers of America’s designer of the year in 2006 and again in 2013, and GQ magazine’s designer of the year in 2008. . . . Tom Thompson ’72 was a hospital administrator in Chicago and California (where he also owned an Albanian restaurant) before taking a wide turn to Austin, Texas, a few years ago and becoming a chauffeur — sharing the road with Sean Penn, Carmen Electra, Drew Barrymore, Courtney Love, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Harry Connick Jr., Elton John, Ben Harper, Coldplay and Kings of Leon, Charles Schwab, Ross Perot Jr., the president of CBS, the president of Shell Oil, the crown princes of Bahrain and Morocco and, for Lady Bird Johnson’s funeral, Lynda Bird Johnson and Senator Chuck Robb. When Thompson was at Saint Mary of Nazareth Hospital in Chicago (run by a Polish order of nuns), he gave a tour to the Archbishop of Krakow; three months later Karol Wojtyla became pope. . . . Molly Huddle ’06, a 10-time All-American, took sixth place in the 5,000-meter run at the 2013 IAAF world championships in Moscow — the highest finish ever for an American woman. . . .
Levi Harrison ’87 can be heard each Wednesday on LA Talk Live’s The Dr. Levi Show. The orthopedic surgeon, trainer, and health and fitness expert has also appeared on the Dr. Oz Show and is the author of The Art of Fitness: A Journey to Self Enhancement. . . . Greg Aiello ’74 is vice president for public relations for the NFL. . . . A physician, Pedro Rosselló ’66 served as governor of Puerto Rico from 1993 to 2001. . . Jack Seiler ’85 is the mayor of Fort Lauderdale. . . . As a federal public defender in Sacramento, Quin Denvir ’62 represented Unabomber Theodore Kaczynski in 1998. . . .
Dr. James Muller ’65, a Boston cardiologist who served on the Harvard Medical School faculty for 25 years, was a co-founder of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. He and IPPNW were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1985. . . . Dr. John Pastore ’63, who was executive secretary for IPPNW when it won the Nobel Prize, has also served as president of Physicians for Social Responsibility and has traveled to Iraq and North Korea to encourage dialogue and peaceful relations. . . . President and CEO of Sprint Nextel Dan Hesse ’75 became the face of his communication company, appearing in a series of TV commercials for the firm. . . .
Kara Spak ’96, who won $85,000 as a five-time Jeopardy champion in 2010 and another $10,000 as a 2011 Tournament of Champions wildcard semifinalist, fell just short of making the show’s Battle of the Decades Tournament, despite being voted one of five fan favorites. . . . Joe Garagiola Jr. ’72 is the senior vp of standards and on-field operations for Major League Baseball, while James Gates Jr. ’81 is the library director for the Baseball Hall of Fame. John McHale ’71 is an executive vp for Major League Baseball. . . . Mike Crowley ’85 is president of the Oakland Athletics, and Larry Dolan ’54, ’56J.D. owns the Cleveland Indians. Paul Dolan ’83J.D. is the team’s chairman and CEO. . . . Ted Phillips ’79 is president and CEO of the Chicago Bears. . . .
Katie O’Connell ’91, who developed 24 and Arrested Development for Imagine Television, and Chuck, Life and 30 Rock as a senior vice president at NBCUniversal, is now CEO of Gaumont International Television, the U.S.-based TV production arm of the French film studio. . . . Joseph Scheidler ’50 is the national director of the Pro-Life Action League. . . . Anthony Chia-hung Ku ’75M.S. is president of China University of Technology, Taiwan. . . . When Chicago attorney Mark Mitchell ’96 was on the tarmac at the Naval Air Station near San Diego, he was surprised to encounter Greg Bell ’84, the former Irish and NFL running back, also wearing a life-jacket, helmet, goggles and ear plugs for a flight to the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson, 150 miles off the coast of the Baja Peninsula. Mitchell, who gives lectures in maritime history and naval science for the Chicago Yacht Club Foundation, was there to learn about life aboard the most powerful of America’s ships. Bell was visiting as founder and president of the Athletes for Life Foundation, which mentors and provides life skills camps in Southern California. After their “arrested landing” (in which the plane was caught by its tail hook), they deplaned and pulled off their helmets, each donning a Notre Dame cap, which drew smiles and occasional thumbs-up signs from officers and enlisted men as they headed to meet the commander of the Carrier Strike Group — who just happened to be Admiral Christopher Grady ’84. The visitors got the VIP tour over the next two days before being catapulted off the ship and back to San Diego. . . . John P. Walker ’78 is a producer at Pixar. . . . Marc Maurer ’74 is president of the National Federation of the Blind. . . . The late Tom Judge ’57 was the governor of Montana from 1973 to ’81. . . . Bill Jordan ’85 and Nancy Brennan-Jordan ’85 founded and direct the Let’s Share the Sun Foundation to extend the use of solar energy to those living in poor nations where sun is abundant but fundamental resources are not. . . .
Philomena, a movie that generated buzz during the 2014 Oscar season, tells the story of Philomena Lee’s search for the son she gave up for adoption when she was an unwed, teenage mother in Ireland. That son, raised by his adoptive parents in St. Louis as Mike Hess, graduated from Notre Dame in 1974 and would later serve as chief legal counsel for the Republican National Committee during the Reagan-Bush era. He died of AIDS in 1995 at age 43 and requested that his ashes be buried at the convent where he was born, in hopes that his birth mother might find his grave. . . . Joe Newman ’36 is running for representative at age 101 in Florida’s 16th congressional district. . . . A vocation called him to be a priest. Circumstances called for him to be a magician. For 41 years Father Jim Blantz, CSC, ’55 has been performing magic shows everywhere from hospitals in his hometown in Arizona to the Magic Castle in Hollywood to celebrities’ homes. All the money he makes off of his sleight-of-hand tricks, his regular blood donations (he’s donated 184 pints of blood to date) and his odd jobs working concession stands at NFL games, goes to the Holy Cross missions abroad. . . . ND teammates David Bruton ’09 and Golden Tate went head-to-head in Super Bowl XLVIII with Tate’s Seahawks walking away victorious. . . .
Gene Bertoncini ’59 is a classical and jazz guitar virtuoso whose recording and performing career spans decades. . . . Yi Jian Gu ’50 is the former secretary general of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. . . .
Driving around Boston during the frigid winter, Dr. Jim O’Connell ’70 and his team from the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program picked up homeless people who might succumb to frostbite. The winner of the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism in 2012, O’Connell now serves as president of the Boston group he helped found back in 1985. . . . Now a Tulsa Shock guard, Skylar Diggins ’13 was featured in the 2014 Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue. . . . Bob Solis ’84 founded Open Arms Home near East London, South Africa, in 2006, which aims to house and serve 53 orphaned children. Each year he hires two ND graduating seniors to work in the home for one year and employs several undergraduate students each summer. . . . Vicente (Ben) Blaz ’51, who died in January, came to ND after spending his teenage years in a Japanese internment camp during WWII. He was the first non-Caucasian, and first person from Guam, to be named general in the Marine Corps. He later served as a congressman from Guam.
Questionnaire: Karsonya Wise Whitehead ’93M.A.
An Artist at Court
Jason Kelly ’95
Domers in the News
The editors | Illustrations by Emmett Baggett
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